I 
 
 THE 
 
 PURSUITS OF LITERATURE 
 
 A SATIRICAL POEM 
 
 IN DIALOGUE. 
 WITH NOTES. 
 
 PART THE FOURTH AND LAST. 
 
 THE THIRD EDITION. 
 [price three shillings and six-pence. ] 
 
 * 8 2 6
 
 THE 
 
 PURSUITS OF LITERATURE: 
 
 A 
 
 SATIRICAL -POEM 
 
 IN DIALOGUE. 
 WITH NOTES. 
 
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 Hom. II. 13. v. 10. 
 
 PART THE FOURTH AND LAST. 
 
 THE THIRD EDITION. 
 REVISED AND CORRECTED WITH MANY ADDITIONS. 
 
 LONDON: 
 PRINTED FOR T. BECKET, No. 81, PALL MALL. 
 
 1797.
 
 Lately Publijhed (price is. dtd.) A New Edition of 
 
 The IMPERIAL EPISTLE from Kien Lono, E.nperor of 
 China, to George the Third, King of Great Britain, &c. &c. in 
 the Year 1794. Transmitted from the Emperor, and presented to 
 his Britannick Majefty by his Excellency the Right H m. George 
 Earl Macartney, of the Kingdom of Ireland, KB. AmbaiTador 
 Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Emperor o* 7 China, in 
 the Years 1792, i793» *794« Tranflated into Englifh Verse 
 from the Original Chinefe Poetry. With notes by various Per- 
 fons of Eminence and Difiinc'tion, and by the Tranflator. 
 lgnotum Rutulis Carmen caloque Latino 
 Fingimus, et Finem egreui Legemque priorum. 
 
 N. B. It is thought proper to mention, that The Imperial 
 Epistle is not a burle/que Poem in any fenfe of the word. But it 
 is a Poem built upon the circumftances of the times, delineating 
 the Characters of the Statesmen of Great Britain, with satire, plea- 
 fantry, or with praife; and exhibiting a picture of Europe at the 
 period of its date. The whole" is as the title implies conveyed 
 under Chinefe imagery and allufions, illuftrated by references to 
 original Writers, confident with its Plan and Subject. 
 
 Printed for T. Becket, Pall-Mail. 
 
 ERRATUM. 
 
 In the Preface to the Third Part of the P. of L. page 8. 1. 2. 
 from the bottom, for " sufficient,'* read " insufficient.'*
 
 4-3 ?7 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT 
 THE FOURTH AND LAST PART 
 
 w OF THE 
 
 t PURSUITS OF LITERATURE. 
 
 i'ombra sua torna ch'era dipartita ! Dante, 
 
 ** Hear lis sjieech % but say thou nought?* 
 
 " But one word more :— " 
 *' He will not be commanded /" Macbethi 
 
 Ai 
 
 June 1797. 
 
 .S I have now brought my Poem to the conclufion 
 
 which I intended, it is proper and, as I think, respeft- 
 
 °° ful to offer some considerations to the public, tor whose 
 
 ^1 use it was written. No imitation of any writer or of any 
 
 <£> poem was proposed, except the adherence to the princi- 
 
 cs* pies of juft composition and a general observation of the 
 
 cc finished models of classical literature be considered as 
 
 ^ such. In the Preface to the Firft Part I said, what 
 
 I now repeat, that I would not have printed it, but 
 
 from a full conviftion of it's tendency to promote the 
 
 public welfare. My particular ideas on the nature 
 
 and subject of Satire I expressed clearly and fully in 
 
 the Advertisement to the Second Part, and under the 
 
 influence and impreffion of those sentiments (a) I wrote 
 
 the Poem. In my introdu&ion to the Third Part, 
 
 Feeling the importance of my subject in it's various 
 
 branches, I asserted that, " Literature, well or ill 
 
 •• conducted, is the great engine by which, lam 
 
 i* fully persuaded, all civilized States must ul- 
 
 t* timately be supported or overthrown,'" I am now 
 
 || Part IV. b more 
 
 §"" NOTE. 
 
 [a] A"k7.oif x.ypu%»<, Avror scJqxi.ovjj-, Such is the condi* 
 
 tioa of a Satirist. 
 
 300965
 
 ( a ) 
 
 more and more deeply impressed with this truth, if we 
 consider the nature, variety and extent of the word, 
 Literature.* We are no longer in an age of ignorance, 
 and information is not partially distributed according to 
 the ranks, and orders, and functions, and dignities of 
 social life. All learning has an index, and every sci- 
 ence it's abridgment. I am scarcely able to name any 
 man whom I consider as wholly ignorant. We no 
 longer look exclufively for learned authors in the usual 
 place, in the retreats of academic erudition and in the 
 seats of religion. Our peasantry now read the Rights 
 #/ Man on mountains and moors and by the way fide; 
 and fhepherds make the analogy between their occupa- 
 tion and that of their governors. Happy indeed, had 
 they been taught no other comparison. Our unsexed 
 •female writers now instruct or confuse us and them- 
 selves in the labyrinth of politics, or turn us wild with 
 Gallic frenzy. 
 
 But there is one publication of the time too peculiar 
 fend too important to be passed over in a general reprehen- 
 sion. There is nothing with which it may be compared. 
 A legislator in our own parliament, a member of the 
 'House of Commons of Great Britain.an elected guardian 
 «nd defender of the laws, the religion, and the good man- 
 ners of the country, has neither scrupled nor blushed to 
 depict and to publish to the world the arts of lewd 
 and systematic seduction, and to thrult upon the 
 nation the moll open and unqualified blasphemy againft 
 the very code and volume of our religion. And all this, 
 with his name, style, and title, prefixed to the novel or 
 romance called "The MoNK."(^)And one of our pub- 
 lic theatres has allured the public attention still more to 
 
 this 
 
 ' " " ' - 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 ■ i 
 
 »(&) " The Monk, a Romance in 3 volumes by M. 
 Lfewia, Esq. M.P." printed for Bell, Oxford Street. At fine 
 I thought that the name and title of the author were fieri- 
 tioiw,-end ferae of the fiublic papers hinted it. But I have 
 been solemnly and repeatedly assured that it is the writing 
 and publication of M. Lewis, Esq. Member of Parliament. It 
 is sufficient forme to point out Chap. 7. of Vol. 2. As a 
 composition the work would have been better, if the offen- 
 sive
 
 f W ) 
 
 this novel, by a scenic representation of an- Episode in 
 
 it, not wholly, uninteresting. ." Proceres, Censove 
 b 2 opus 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 sive and fcandalous passages had been omitted, -aud.lt is 
 disgraced by a diablerie and nonsense fitted only to frighten 
 children in the nursery. I believe this 7th Chap, of Vol. a. 
 is actionable at Common Law. Edmund Curl in the first year 
 of George II. was prosecuted by the Attorney General ( Sir- 
 Philip Yorke afterwards Lord Hardwicke) for printing two 
 obscene books. The Attorney General set forth the several 
 obscene passages, and concluded, that it was an offence a- 
 gainst the King's peace. The defendant was found guilty and 
 set in the pillory.* See Str. 788. 1 Barnardist 29. We 
 know the proceedings against, the -book, entitled " Me- 
 moirs of a Woman of Pleasure,'' by John Cleland. To the 
 passages of obscenity, (which certainly I fhall not copy in 
 this place) Mr. Lewis has added blasphemy againfr the 
 Scriptures; if the following passage may be considered a*s 
 such. " He (the Monk) examined the book which she 
 " (Antonia) had been reading, and had now placed upon 
 *' the table. It was the Bible. • How,' said the Prior 
 " to himself, ' Antonia reads the Bible, and is still soigno- 
 *' rant ?" But upon further inspection he found that Elvira 
 " (the mother of Antonia) had made exactly the fame re- 
 " mark. That prudent mother, while (he admired the beau- 
 " ties of the sacred wk itings, was convinced, that unre- 
 stricted) 
 
 NOTE ON THE NOTE. 
 
 • The indictment (in Mich. Term 1 G. II. begins thus : 
 " UdmundCurl, Existeushomoiniquus et scelcratus nequitermachi- 
 " nans et intendens bonos mores sub Jit arum hujus regni corrumfiere t 
 " et eos adnequitiam inducere, quendam obscenum libellum intitu- 
 " /<7/,"&c.&c. — SeeSirJohn Strange'sRep. p-777.Ed.1782. 
 In two or three days after the point had been solemnly argued, 
 and the judges had given their refpective opinions, Sir J. 
 Strange observes, " They gave it as their unanimous opinion, 
 that this was a temporal offence.^ And they declared alao 
 that if the famous case of the Queen against Read (6 Ann. 
 in B. R.J was to be adjudged {by them) they should rule it 
 etherwise ; i. e. contrary to LordCh.J. Holt's opinion. — The 
 Judges were Sir Robert (afterwards Lord) Raymond, For- 
 tescue, Reynolds, and Probyn.
 
 ( » ) 
 
 0pui est, an Haruspice nobis?*" I consider this as a new 
 species of legislative or state-parricide. What is it to 
 
 the 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 il strieted, no reading more imp.rop.er could be permitted a young 
 11 loom an. Many of the narratives can only tend to excite 
 ** ideas the worst calculated for a female breast ; every thing is 
 " called roundly and plainly by it's own name ; and the an- 
 " nals of a brothel would scarcely furnish a greater choice of inde~ 
 41 cent expressions. Yet this is the book which young wo- 
 •* men are recommended to study, which is put into the 
 4t hands of children, able to comprehend little more than 
 " those passages of which they had better remain ignorant, and 
 " which but toofrequently inculcate the first rudiments of vice, and 
 u give the first alarm to the still sleeping passions. Of this 
 ** Elvira was «o fully convinced, that me would hzvtfire- 
 ** fared putting into her daughter's hands Amadis de Gaul, 
 *' or the Valiant Champion Tirante the White ; and would 
 *' sooner have authorised her studying the lewd exploits of Don Ga« 
 *' ]aor,er the lascivious jokes of the Damzel Plazer de mi vida." 
 (p. 247, 248.) &c. I state only what is printed. It is for 
 others to read it and to judge. The falshood of this passage 
 5s not more gross than it's impiety. In the cafe of Tho- 
 mas Woolfton, in the 2d of George II. for blasphemous dis- 
 courses against our Saviour's miracles, when arrest of judg- 
 ment was moved, Lord Raymond and the whole Court de- 
 clared they would not suffer it to be debated, whether to 
 -write against Christianity in general 1 not concerning contro- 
 verted points between the learned, but in general) was not an 
 offence punishable in the temporal Courts of Common Law* 
 Woolston was imprifoned one year, and entered into a 
 large recognizance for his good behaviour during life. Sir Phi- 
 lip Yorke, afterwards Lord Hardwicke, was Attorney Ge- 
 neral at the time. The case of the King against Annet, 
 when the Hon. Charles Yorke, was Attorney General, (3d 
 of Geo. III.) for a blasphemous book entitled " The Free 
 Inquirer," tending, among other points, to ridicule, traduce 
 mnd discredit the Holy Scriptures, is well known to the 
 profession. The punishment was uncommonly severe. Whe- 
 ther the passage I have quoted in a popular novel, has not a 
 tendency to corrupt the minds of the people, and of the youn- 
 ger 
 
 • Juv. Sat, SM
 
 ( v J 
 
 the kingdom at large, or what is it to all those whose 
 office it is to maintain truth, and to instruct the rising 
 abilities and hope of England, that the author of it is 
 a very young man ? That forsooth he is a man of ge- 
 nius and fancy ? So much the worse. That there are 
 very poetical descriptions of castles and abbies in this 
 novel ? So much the worse again, the novel is more 
 alluring on that account. Is this a time to poison the 
 waters of our land in their springs and fountains ? Are 
 we to add incitement to incitement and corrup- 
 tion to corruption, till there neither is, nor can be, 
 a return to virtuous action and to regulated life ? 
 Who knows the age of this author ? I presume, very 
 few. Who does not know, that he is a Member of Par- 
 liament? He has told us all fo himelf. I pretend not to 
 know, (Sir John Scott does know, and praftifes too, 
 whatever is honourable and virtuous and dignified in 
 learning and profeffional ability) I pretend not, I fay, 
 to know, whether this be an object of parliamentary 
 animadversion. Prudence may poffibly forbid it. But 
 we can feel that it is an object of moral and of national 
 reprehenfion, when a Senator transgresses and violates 
 his first duty to his (d) country. There are wounds and 
 
 ob- 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 ger unsuspecting part of the female sex, by traducing and dis- 
 crediting the Holy Scriptures, is a matter of public con- 
 fideration. — " This took goes all over the kingdom;" are the 
 words of Judge Reynolds, in the caseof E. Curl. What Mr. 
 Lewis has printed /luhlicfy -zvith his name, that I state publicly 
 to the nation. Few will dissent from the opinion of Lord 
 Raymond and the Court, in the case of Curl above stated, 
 as reported by Strange and Barnardiston to this effect ; 
 " Religion is Jiart of the common law, and therefore whatever 
 " is an offence against that, is an offence against thkCommon 
 " Law." With this ojibiion, I conclude the note. 
 
 (d) All members of the legislature, Peers or Commoners, 
 should join in sentiment and in character with the Athe- 
 nian orator, and be considered as speaking to their country 
 in these words : M H/xeis - , his Upoc x.ou rccQoi xpoyovcov Cnrxp- 
 
 " xxt
 
 r vi ) 
 
 obstructions and diseases in the political, as well as in 
 the natural, body, for which the removal of the part af- 
 fefted is alone efficacious. At an hour like this, are 
 we to stand in consultation on the remedy, when not 
 only the disease is ascertained, but the very stage of the 
 disease and it's specific symptoms ? Are we to spare 
 the sharpest instruments of authority and of censure, 
 when public establishments are gangrened in the 
 life-organs ? 
 
 I fear, if our legislators are wholly regardless of such 
 writings and of such principles among their own mem* 
 ters, it may be said to them, as the Roman Satirist said 
 to the patricians of the empire, for offences slight in- 
 deed, when compared to these. 
 
 ** At vos, Trojugenae, vohis igncsritis, et qua? 
 Turpia cerdoni Volesos Brutosque dtcebunt. (<?) 
 
 There is surely something peculiar in these days ; some- 
 thing wholly "unknown to our ancestors. But men, 
 however dignified in their political station, or gifted with 
 genius and fortune and accomplishments^may at least be 
 made ashamed, or alarmed, or convicted before the tri- 
 bunal of public opinion. Before that tribunal, and to 
 the law of reputation, and every binding and powerful 
 sanction by which that law is enforced, is Mr. Lewis 
 this day called to answer. 
 
 But to return. The objects of public regret and of- 
 fence are now so numerous and so complicated, that all 
 the milder offices of the Muse have lost their influence 
 and attraction. It is indeed unfortunate that scarce a 
 subject in literature can be interesting without the sci- 
 ence and matter of politics. (/)They give a colour to our 
 very thoughts. We are borne down with a force not to be 
 
 re- 
 
 NOI E. 
 
 " xxi texv*, a.%101 tf\$ u/jLZTEpxs Triarews, xtX. ./Eschin ; 
 Ttiyi n<*pa.7TfEaCEjaj. Sect. n. 
 
 (*) Juv. Sat. 8. v. 1S1,
 
 ( vii ) 
 
 resisted, when our very existence, as a nation under its 
 
 ancient 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 {/) " Quibus occupatus et obsessus animus quantulum loci 
 bonis artibns relinquit!" Dialog, de Oratoribus C 29. — I 
 cannot resist giving an opinion at this time. My prime 
 objection to any propofed Ministry of Mr. Fox and his ad- 
 herents is this. I believe their principles are too Jio/iular for 
 the good, the safety, or perhaps for the existence, of this 
 country under it's present constitution : I believe, that their 
 design is to throw such a weight of power into the house of 
 Commons, by means of a Reform t as would ultimately mould 
 the two Houses of Parliament not merely into a resem- 
 blance, but into the actual form and relative power of the 
 Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Ancients ; 
 fcftd I am of opinion, that the authority and influ- 
 ence of the Crown of Great Britain would be reduced far 
 below that which is lodged in the Executive Directory of 
 France. I think the proposed Reforms lead* beyond a con- 
 troversy, to this issue. I am of opinion that a great Personage, 
 in the case of a change of Mr. Pitt's Ministry, must be ap- 
 prehensive, to whom he is to be delivered, and to what he 
 may be reduced. The pride of a statesman's understanding, 
 like Mr. Fox's, in the plenitude of dignity will overbear all 
 ideas of a balance of power in the orders of the state and of 
 the safety of the country upon it's ancient principles. He 
 has declared his opinion ; he must not recede. All will be 
 sacrificed to that pride in a moment of phrenzy. The exam- 
 ple of every state, nation, and city, subdued by French 
 arms, French principles and 'French treachery, is to be 
 weighed well, as an aweful warning//; this kingdom, which 
 may yet be preserved. The encroachments of such a statesman, 
 as Mr. Fox, (paramount as he is in ability and in political 
 eloquence beyond any man) are to be watched and resisted 
 by all who think soberly, and are independent of party. 
 Yet Mr. Fox neither could nor would satisfy the raving and 
 tyrannical ideasof Home Tooke and the French crew. Thev 
 wonld make use of him to a certain point. They would 
 then declare him an enemy to his country, and conduct him 
 to the scaffold. ** Corpora lente augescunt, cito extingu- 
 vniui ."§ The security of property, public and private, is 
 shaken by the proposed system, and a Revolution, (which 
 
 § Taciti Ag:ic. ap. init.
 
 ( viii ) 
 
 ancient laws aritT constitution and establishments, has 
 been rendered dubious. A man of a poetical mind either 
 
 wanders 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 we never yet have known but in mere name) might then be 
 at hand. A government, which once relaxes, is not easily 
 recalled to the vigour of it's ancient principles. We have 
 statesmen of determined and of true patriotism, and this fi- 
 nal misery may yet be prevented. We have a King, who 
 has courage, virtue, and firmness. Of his Minister, the 
 Right Hon. Wm. Pitt, I have given my opinion often in 
 ■another place ; I have not altered my sentiment. I certainly 
 cannot say with the great satirist under Louis the 14th, 
 
 " Que ma viie a Colbert inspiroit l'allegresse." § 
 I speak, and I have spoken, impartially of Mr. Pitt. I am nei- 
 ther for a proscription of any political talents, nor for an 
 hereditary claim to the publie office of Prime Minister. But 
 if the principles of any statesman are such as to induce a 
 real and effectual change in the government, that statesman 
 should not be admitted to rule. If the ancient and established 
 principles of the English constitution are maintained, a 
 Prime Minister may conduct public affairs even with a me- 
 diocrity of talent. It is neither Mr. Pitt, nor Lord Lans- 
 down, nor Mr. Fox, nor Mr. Grey, who are necessary to the 
 function. But, by the disastrous consent of the whole na- 
 tion and it's Parliament, thinking rightly, proposing sound- 
 ly, and meaning honestly, are nothing without speaking 
 well.— Let me add a word ortwo on a subject not quite 
 foreign to this note.— The example of a very learned and, 
 in my opinion, of a very virtuous and honourable man, 
 to. whom the country is under some obligation, Mr. Reeves, 
 will deter any man from volunteer effusions in favour of any 
 Minister. It would not be amiss, to be sure, if Mr. R. or 
 any other writer would read Quintilian on tropes and me- 
 taphors, before he adorns his native language with all the 
 richness of imagery, and exerts the command, which nature 
 gives him, over the figures of speech. Franco, non frondibus, 
 efficit nmbram. For my own part, when his pamphlet 
 *• The Thoughts on the English Government" was pub- 
 lished, I never felt more indignation than when I saw this 
 gentleman ungenerously and shamefully abandoned and 
 given up by Mr. Pitt in the H. of Commons to the malice of 
 
 $ Boileau lip. 10.
 
 ( * ) 
 
 wanders into futurity, or recals the images of other 
 times and of other empires. He can sometimes even de- 
 scend 
 
 k o T E. 
 
 his avowed enemies, and to a criminal prosecution in the 
 Court of King's Bench. He was solemnly acquitted of any 
 libellous intention; but his language was imprudent. He 
 fell a victim to metaphorical luxuriance and state-botany. 
 — See "Thoughts &c." as above, pag. 12 and 13 for Mr* 
 Reeves's Simile of the Constitutional Tree and it's Branches.) 
 
 . I wiH propose another subject for consideration. — If any 
 man would peruse the acount given by Thucydides of the demo- 
 cratic sedition inCorcyra,(Book.3.)he would be convinced that 
 the same peculiarities mark all popularseditionsand insurrec- 
 tions, the fame pretexts, the same motives. The insurgents 
 declare the friends of the lawful and established govern- 
 ment enemies to the popular reprefentation and interest. 
 Some of these insurgents have private enmities to revenge, 
 and others have debts to cancel: death is the universal sol- 
 vent. Hear the great Historian: " Tw ptsv xitixv ETKpe- 
 povrer rots rov ^r./xov xxrakvaaiv. AksQxvov rivss ibixs zyfipxe 
 htxx, xxi x/.Xoi yipvifjixrcov gQkhv o(fejXo/xsv<wv vtcq ray. Ju&— 
 CWwv.Sect.S 1. The historian observes, they held forth either 
 the specious offer of greater equality of/iower among the citizens^ 
 or a more temperate form of aristocracy, or some state- 
 expedient varying with the hour; but each leader in reality- 
 had his own private views of ambition, or power, or riches, 
 but accommodated Ins speeches to the prevailing humour of 
 the day. Hear him again in bis own language. " 0< gy 
 
 TXiS 7roXETtV 7TfO<TT«.VT£S- fJ£T OVOfMCTQS iXXCSTOl ZU7rp£TXS, 7t\t]. 
 fi»J 1<7QV0(J.IXS 7t0\lTLX.r,$, XXI ApiO-TOXpXTtCC? ffU(pp0V0S 7CCQ- 
 
 TifAriizi, rx (j.sv xoiyx Xoyco ttptfaevorfES xQkx E7roiu VT o nxx-i 
 
 ri $s rpoTCcu ocywvttyiASvoi aXXr/Xwv 7rsptyty\ea9xi' xxi v% 
 
 yjtrx x^nipH aoixn xxrayvwascos \n %api xtu/asvoi to xpxrsu 
 groiiMOi way vi/ti xunxx (ptXoveixtxv £po7r<pt7rXav*i."Ib.Sect.8a. 
 This, as we have all known, has been transacted step 
 by step upon a great and tremendous scale in France. 
 The Italian and Belgian states are following them 
 with headstrong and infuriate revolution, we have in- 
 deed MORE TO PRESERVE THAN ANY OTHER COUNTRY" 
 
 under heaven, and we may, by wise regulations, hereafter 
 restore even the finances of the state. We mutt mvr for- 
 get that the stability of our present Constitution is the sole 
 •Part IV. c liability
 
 ( * ) 
 
 scehd into the regions of terrific fable, and give to his 
 own country the sentiments and passions of antiqui- 
 ty, and body forth contending parties which are 
 no more, of the virtuous and the valiant, of the wick- 
 ed the desperate and the frantic. At such an hour as 
 the present, and with the objects which we see and hear 
 and feel, with the exultation of the bad, and the dejec- 
 tion of the good, and the labours of great statesmen to 
 preserve us from final misery, can we forbear to con- 
 template the picture drawn by that poet, whose only 
 Muses were Csesar, and Brutus, and Cato, and the genius 
 of expiring Rome. 
 
 Tristis FELICIBUSUMBRIS 
 
 Vultus erat; vidi Decios natumque patremque, 
 Lustrales bellis animas, fltntemque Camillum. 
 Abruptis Catilinaminax fractisque catenis 
 Exultat, Mariique truces nudique Cethegi : 
 Vidi ego laetantes, popularia nomina, Drusos 
 Legibus immodicos, ausosque ingentia Gracchos. 
 ^ternis chalybum nodis, et carcere Ditis 
 Constrictce plausere manus, camposque piorum 
 
 PoSCIT TURBA NOCENS ! (g) 
 
 Luc. L. 6. v. 784. 
 
 The 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 stability of all property, public and private. I speak from 
 awful and trembling conviction, Our Ruin can be effec- 
 ted by political Reform alone, and our Enemies at 
 home and in France know that I speak the truth. We in 
 Great Britain, who are yet in a condition to preserve 
 ourselves, see and read and feel these things. The 
 grant of one demand leads necessarily to another 
 when any material alteration in a state or government 
 is conceded. If the second is refused after the first 
 has been granted, we are then told, that there is a want of 
 consistence in the plan, and that it were more adviseable to 
 have kept the state as it was, than to admit only a partial re- 
 form. We surely cannot be said to be du/icd and fooled by 
 Reformers without warning from history and from experi- 
 ence. The constitutional statesmen of Great Britain cannot 
 ncx be ignorant of the nature of *' a Modem Reform in any 
 ** state of Europe. "The greater the difficulty and danger, the 
 greater the fury of the Revolutionists. Pindar was a poet 
 and astateman; he said; A7TP9<N;irevyEp<wrwv otonpxi wi>.»i, 
 (Ncm.Od. 11.)
 
 ( a ) 
 
 The present Poem was not composed for a trivial pur- 
 pose, or without mature thought. It is the fruit and 
 
 study, 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 (g) In the great question of a Reform in Parliament (i. e. 
 in the Houfe of Commons) I certainly do not mean to call 
 figuratively the minifterial ground, the Camfii Piorum, but I 
 call the Conftitution of England and it's defenders in or 
 out of Parliament by that name. Nor would I by any 
 means rank the gentlemen of oppofition with the Turba »o- 
 cens. That turba nocens are the levellers and the partifans of 
 democracy and revolution. But the licence of poetry we 
 are told is confiderable, if affumed with mode/ly. The quef- 
 tion itfelf has nothing to do with invention, though I think 
 much^V?/<j« is employed in the fupport of it. I am of opi- 
 nion, that in the outfet there is a fiction or a deceit. We 
 are told we muft recur to the original principle of the H. of 
 C. the principle, as I suppose, on which it was founded, 
 and that principle is declared to be popular, in the modern 
 fenfe of that word. In this argument hiftorical truth is not 
 aflerted ; I would maintain, that it is violated. It is con- 
 trary to matter of fact. The very origin of the Houfe it- 
 felf (the beft antiquaries will tell you so) is rather doubtful. 
 The more remote your enquiry, the greater the demonftra- 
 tion of it's original weaknefs, nay (I say it with grief) of it's 
 political infignificance. It was a Council, which grew out 
 of a greater Council, andit was defigned to reprefent the pro- 
 perty of the kingdom. I will not infult my reader with in- 
 formation on the subject. But it is matter of plain hiftori- 
 cal knowledge that it's powers, it's functions, it's freedom, 
 and it's consequence have been all prog*-eJ]ive to a certain pe- 
 riod That peridd was the Revolution (as it is foolifhly 
 called) in 1688.' At that agra the House of Commons under 
 the Old Whigs, attained to the consummation of it's glory 
 and to the fulness of it's dignity. As I here speak of the ori- 
 ginal principle, I have nothing to do with the subsequent 
 corruptions. I must own I do not wish for the famous Ro- 
 man plate of brass $ I am for no unqualified Lex Regia. f 
 
 NOTE ON THE NOTE. 
 
 f See a Dissertation " de iEnea Tabula Capitolina 
 Romae 1757." Heineccius and Gravina also published this 
 " Lex Regia." It may be read at full length in Gruteri In- 
 fcript : Antiq.By this Law the Roman Senate in the moat 
 abject stile authorised Vespasian to make and repeal laws^ to 
 c 2 declare
 
 • I xii ) 
 
 study of an independent and disinterested life, passed 
 without the incumbrance of a profession or the embar- 
 rassment 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 Let it rest in the Capitoline Museum, that splendid effort 
 of Michael Angelo. I abhor abject servility and all it's 
 monuments. I never wished, I am sure I do not now 
 wish, to see any Senate divest itself of all power. I would 
 not see a Vespasian in any country make and repeal laws, or 
 exercise unlimited authority without the advice and consent 
 of a well-constituted Senate. I venerate the institution of 
 the House of Commons, and would preserve it with my life ; 
 but I shall raise up no tree, trunk or branches, for a fatal 
 simile, like Mr. Reeves, I look for no pasture in the fields 
 of Ministers or of Booksellers ; nor would I be turned out 
 by Mr. Fox and Mr. Sheridan to graze on the verdant lawns 
 of the King's Bench with the Chief Justice of Newfound- 
 land, or at beit in Mr. Pitt's Strawyard. I neither recur to 
 Montesquieu nor to Machiavel. I want not to be told by 
 the former that " our system was found in the woods," or 
 to .hear from Signor Machiavel and Mr. Fox, that " States 
 *-' may^rottf out of shape. §" For my own part, 1 would rather 
 / find 
 
 NOTE ON THE NOTE. 
 
 declare peace and war, and to exercise every act of an absolute 
 sovereign, without waiting for their consent or even ask- 
 ing their advice. — This authority however was not granted 
 to all the Emperors indiscriminately ; they selected (before 
 "Vespasian) Augustus, Tiberius, and Claudius. I leave the 
 reader to his own reflections. 
 
 § The words of Machiavel quoted by Mr. Fox in the H. 
 of C on May 26, 1797, in his fpeech on the Reform of 
 Parliament. The founders of the Fiench Republic, and the 
 .£<?-founders of it (for it has been founded three times already) 
 seem always to have had Machiavel's Difcourses on Livy in 
 their view. He fays, that if any power or powers, (princes, 
 warriors, or demagogues) take or fubdue any city, province, 
 Or realm, " they should make all things new in the state." The 
 words are most particular- ** Fare ogni cosa di nuovo in 
 '* quello stato, nelle Citta fare nuovi governi con nuovi nornl, 
 ** con nuova autorita, con nuovi uomini, fare i poveri rlcchi t 
 41 disfare delle vecchie citta, cambiare gli abitatori da 1111 
 u luogo ad un altro, e in somma, non lasciare cosa nluna ln- 
 " tatta, e che non via sia ne grado,ni online, ne stato, nc r/'chez- 
 •' za, che chi la tiene non la riconosca da te !" Machiav. 
 Discorsi Lib.i. Cap. 6;The Fiench have religiously observed 
 the advice. We are told in the H. of C. by Mr. Fox that the 
 >.u ( rity of Machiavel is great. In my opinion, ali» 
 Tyr ann Jf is uniform in it's maxims %
 
 ( *** ) 
 
 rassment of bufiness. It was not intended merely to 
 raise a smile at folly or conceit; but it was written with 
 
 indignation 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 find a system in the woods, than in modern France; and t 
 do not look for a new politital Dancing Master every time 
 there is a twist in the body. To hear Mr. Fox, as \ perpe- 
 tually do in the House, one would really think he was a 
 rival to Vestris or Didelot. He has been long trying his 
 art and giving lessons to Mr. Pitt gratis. That Right Ho- 
 nourable Gentleman's gait still continues as aukward and 
 stiff as usual. He will not bend. A graceful bow is not his 
 ambition, and Mr. Fox dances before him every day without 
 the least effect. Mr. Fox, I believe, is of the opinion and 
 principle of Monsieur Marcel, the famous dancing mas- 
 ter in Queen Anne's reign, who said, when the Earl of Ox- 
 ford was made Prime Minister, u He wa? surprised, and 
 could not tell what the Queen could see in him, for his own 
 part he never could make any thingof him. "To be sure Mr.PlTT 
 is every day placed between the dancing master and his 
 man, but he has not yet learned grace from Mr. Fox, or wit 
 from Mr. Sheridan. Indeed I have been informed that, 
 the three celebrated Dancers and Ballet Masters, Meffrs. Fox, 
 Sheridan and Grey, are preparing a new Serious Divertisse- 
 ment, or Pas de Trois, with new scenes, dresses and decorations^ 
 called, " Lf Directoife Executif," Ifitcan be got ujt 
 time enough, it will be brought forwara I this season;but as there 
 is a necessity for a re-inforcement of the troop from Paris, 
 it is feared the old dances must continue to the end of this sea- 
 son. June 1797* It is proposed that light should be thrown 
 en the stage in a quite new manner; but the Ballet-Masters will 
 suffer no persons to be on the stage, or to view the machi- 
 nery behind the scenes. Lord Galloway and Lady Mary Dun- 
 can have expressed their approbation of this mle, so much 
 for the interest of the Grand Opera: though the noble 
 Karl is contented with the /ire 'sent Grand Ballet- Master. — As 
 I have no place so convenient for them, I beg leave to offer 
 a few words on a subject, now peculiarly interesting. The 
 time is my excuse. In the impending negociation for peace 
 with the French (June 1797) it is not unpleasant or foreign 
 to the subject to recollect the orations of the two great A- 
 thenians Demosthenes and iEschines, Hspi TIa%o!.<zpsv££iur t 
 or De Faha Legatione. Lord Malmsbury's prefent Embassy, 
 (1 hope not, like the last, a T\tx,co(.itci<jQzi<x.) will be conducted, 
 
 as
 
 ( *iv ) 
 
 indignation against wickedness, against the prostitution 
 of superior talents, and the profane violence oi bad men. 
 
 It 
 
 ?f O T E. 
 
 as I trust, upon strong principles, and reported in a different 
 mode from the former. By knowing where to stand, Philofo- 
 phers and Statesmen have shaken the moral and political 
 universe. Lord Malmsbury's Letter to Lord Grenville 
 concerning his conversation with Mons. Charles Delacroix, 
 (I do not mean any other part of the correfpondence) 
 was published by the most indiscreet advice, and in viola- 
 tion of every principle of dipiomatic prudence. One would 
 think the Ministers published it to shew how prettily and 
 rv ittily their Ambassador could write, in defiance of all dis- 
 cretion and sound judgment. It reminds vis of what De- 
 mosthenes accused his colleague in that famous Legation. 
 I cannot enter into particulars; I suppose knowledge in 
 most of my readers. The words are indeed remarkable 
 in their application; the party accused, iEsc'hines himself 
 has recorded them. " ATroXwXsxEvai Me (e<P , ») ttjv TIoTuv 
 Hat rsi 1,viA&a'X J HS' xoci sipvcn /s/,e, ei tojm AfiwrxTJ Trpocyfxai- 
 tjhv EXiXEXnT/^tai, Kact tot An/u.ov y.<zTx7t£7rovv}i/.svQv ksc* atyoSpx 
 ixi t ivf/.Hvr'z THSEIPHNHS si fxs(j^r>(Mai." But most spe- 
 cific dly and in the most appropriated manner, when he 
 urged against iEschines the imprudence of his language: 
 Oi5r<w wqzQikxs <&tXi7r7rov xai roaxvnx. gjp-rjxa.S', e£ wv ax 
 "Eiqwn ysvojr' av ek IIoXe/XK, «XX* e£ Eipnvns YloXB/xof «- 
 xvipuxros." ^Eschin. Ihpt Hxpa.T^i(yQ. Sect. 16. p. 26. Edit. 
 Brooke, Oxon. 1721. One would Miink the words were 
 written for the late occasion. I hope Lord Malmsbury will 
 now adapt his language and his dispatches with more pru- 
 dence to Philip and the. Directory. — On a kindred topic I 
 would observe to the classical reader another singular cir- 
 cumstance in ancient times. It is from the Roman state. 
 Since we have ail been arming at home with alacrity and 
 prudence, and (what is consequent to that) with effect, 
 against our enemy, and the militia laws have been exten- 
 ded, it is curious to call to mind the emphatic clause in the 
 ancient Roman law concerning the exemption of particular 
 persons from military service, called •* De Vacations," 
 r.s learned Civilians well know. The Clause is this: "A¥- 
 44 si Bellv M G\LLicvMexoriatur ;" in which case not even 
 the Priests were exempted. I will illustrate this law 
 from Plutarch and Cicero, but I will not translate the passa- 
 ges.
 
 ( xv ) 
 
 It was indeed (to use a poet's allusion) poured forth as 
 a libation from the cup of Achilles, consecrated and 
 appropriated : 
 
 OvTc TEO> JBcVOcffXt 6c(tiV, 0T€ [Xf\ All TidTfl. (h) 
 
 It is proposed, in it's degree and according to it's sub- 
 ject, for the defence of truth, and with an honest wish 
 to uphold focietv and the best interests of mankind, but 
 chiefly those of our own country*. In it there are no 
 
 imaginary 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 ges Tn the life of Marcellus, Plutarch hasthissingular remark : 
 4i Ov y.rn xKkx (xzyzv "h re %cntx r:x[.eiyj fyoZov, Six r%v 
 V'»"vW!in, ofjiopoj xxi TTfjisiiy.oj tto/.j^w auvoiooiwo+f, y.xi to 
 txKxiov uhcopLX rcjv Yx7.x,rcov' (the Gauls or Fre?uh) hvs 
 ixxkiora, Poufxxioi Seicxi Soxucnv, are £7) y.xi rr,v TIo7.iv Jr' 
 xvrx; axcCaXovTcr, e'i, exeiva Sa 6s/>t.evo< Nojxov, xtcXeij avxi 
 er&xrtixs rwr I ipsa?, 7:7.r,v ei iayi Vx7.xrix.os 7Ca7.ii/ zTt&Qct 
 TloXe/xoi. EoViXh Ss xa» rov (focov ayr&;v ^ rs Tlxpxaxewn. 
 MypiaSss" 7ap ev oTrXojy a.y.x togxvtxi Vcofj.xi.uy «~= TTpore- 
 fov ht£ Carifm vsvefffla' Xeyovra'/." Plut. Vit. Marcel, p. 
 244.V0I. 2 Edit. Bryan. — The other illustration is from Ci- 
 cero in his oration for Fonteius; (the object of which was 
 to inculcate, "Gallis fidem non habendam, hominibus levi- 
 bus,perfidis,et in ipsos Deos immortales impiis.")the words 
 arethese-: " Ut o/ioitet, Bello Gallico, ut majorumjura 
 *■ moresque prascribunt, Nemo est, Civis Romanus, qui 
 " sibi ulla excusaticne utendum /inlet." Orat. pro Fonteio. 
 Sect. 16. sub. fin.Cic.Op. Ed. Barbou. Vol. 4. p. 393. — We 
 have not, and 1 trust we never shall have, the same cause for 
 apprehension from the French as the Romans had from the 
 Gauls. They never have taken our city, and while we are 
 true to ourselves, as we now ate, they never will or can take 
 it. But the danger is and ever will be great,//o/w their vicinity, 
 Six rnt yetrvixoiv. The words are from Plutarch: Mr. 
 Burke has written the commentary.^ ** Focem. adjti dignam 
 " tem/ilo!" 
 
 (h) Horn. II. 16. v. 227. 
 
 % Two Letters on the Peace. (Ed. Rivington 1796.) pag. 
 113, &c.
 
 ( xvi ) 
 
 imaginary subjects. I have raifed no phantoms of ab« 
 surdity merely to disperse them ; but the words, the 
 works, the sentiments and often the actions of the au- 
 thors are before us. It might be known hereafter from 
 this poem how we wrote and thought in this age, and not 
 unfrequently how we conducted ourselves. 
 
 There is one subject which I have pressed upon the 
 attention of the nation, which in this refpect Teems to 
 be in a state between slumber and alarm ; in the supine- 
 ness which attends the former, and with that confusion 
 in ideas and measures whichtoofrequently accompanies 
 terror. Compassion, mercy, self-preservation, inte- 
 grity of principle, Christian charity, the uncertainty of 
 the mortal condition, the convulsion of empires and of 
 states, have all and each variously conspired to direct the 
 measures of our government with respect to the French 
 Roman Catholic Emigrants, and in particular, to the 
 French Priests. I have stated in different places my 
 opinion on this important subject. I continue to call 
 aloud upon this country and it's ministers to regard, ivitk 
 minute circumspectiofi,THESE men and their cause. 
 The most reprehensible part of Mr. Burke's public con- 
 duct has been in this point. Great and venerable as I hold 
 him, inthislpraifehimnot. Imaintainthat the vigilance 
 of the Roman Catholics iserectandon thetiptoeof expec- 
 tation : it is scarcely suspended by slumber. I speak also on 
 another account. There is such a connection between 
 superstition and atheism, and their allies cruelty and ty- 
 ranny, that the wisest and most experienced statesmen 
 and moralists have declared it to be indissoluble. In their 
 cause,they would unite with any, even withjacobin, prin- 
 ciples. Hear Dr. Hussey the titular Bishop of Waterford 
 in Ireland in his late pastoral Letter.t " The Catho- 
 lic faith (i. e. the tenets, the doctrines, the supersti- 
 tions, the absurdities, the tollies, the cruelty, and the 
 tyranny, of the Church of Rome, and whatever makes it 
 
 to 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 (a) See "A Pastoral Letter to the CatholicClergy of Wa- 
 terfcml and Lismore in Ireland, by the R. R. Doctor Hus- 
 ic, " Lc ndon imprinted by P. Coghlan, Duke Street, Gi 09. 
 
 venor
 
 { xvii ) 
 
 to differ from any other external establishment of Chris- 
 tianity) The Catholic faith (fays his titular Lordship) is 
 suitable to all climes, and all forms of government, mo- 
 narchies or republics, aristocracies, or democracies." 
 
 f (P- 9-) 
 
 ■ 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 venor Square. 1797* His titular Lordship's ideaof " a man 
 of true liberality is this; " that he lives in charity, in concord, 
 in amity, with all others of every religious persuasion ; with 
 whom a difference in religious opinions makes no difference 
 in social life, &c, &c." (p. 6.) Very liberal indeed; this 
 is the text. But his Lordship, in the natural confusion of 
 ideas in his country has prefixed the comment. See the pre- 
 ceding page. The words are these : " Remonstrate (says 
 " his Lordship) with any parent, who will be so criminal 
 " as to expose his offspring to those places of education (the 
 ** Charter Schools &c. &c. as I suppose) where his religiout 
 " faith and morals are likely to be perverted. If he "will not at~ 
 •' tend to your remonstrances, (he is speaking to the Roman 
 '-* Catholic Clergy) refuse him the participation of Christ's 
 *' body; if he should ///'// continue obstinate, denounce 
 •' him to the Church, inorderthat, according to Christ's 
 " commandment, he be considered as a heathen and a publican." 
 page 5. We know the sense of Christ; and we know the sense, 
 •which the Roman Catholic Church annexes to these 
 words." But this is Liberality!!!— In Ireland it might be 
 of use to discuss this pastoral Letter in toto. If I were 
 an Irishman, I would do so: but the business in Eng- 
 land is yet very different. Let me add a word or two. 
 It may be worth while at this period when all efta- 
 bliihments are fhaking, to consider frequently, that u a Re- 
 " ligious Establishment, under any form, is not the religion 
 M itself, but the mode of preserving, inculcating, andcon- 
 M tinuingthe religion." There is a religion which may be 
 and is political, and another which is real. I will give a 
 passage from the admirable Preface to the translation of Xe- 
 nophon's Cyropaedia written with great compass of thought 
 and precision of argument, by a gentleman of fortune, fa- 
 mily, erudition and virtue, the Hon. Maurice Ashley. I 
 cannot refrain from observing with pleasure, that Loro 
 Malmsbury and myself may have a natural partiality for 
 the memory of that accomplished and well-instructed 
 gentleman. " Real Christianity (says he) is none of 
 ff all these changeable establishments and human institu* 
 *■' tions, nor ever can be, but stands upon its won foot, 
 «• Whether it be the religion of the multitude, and national 
 ** or not national, or whatever be the forms of it in national 
 Part XV. " <t establishments
 
 ( xviii ) 
 
 (p. 9.) Right. Flectere si nequeunt superos AcheroTita 
 movebunt.That which is true of Christianity z'/z itself and 
 by itself alone, independent of any establishment whatso- 
 ever.that they assert of their own tyrannical superstition. 
 They will shew the arm and the sword of heaven interested 
 and active/s>A7/zm.They will tell you, (whenever they have 
 the power or eventhe probability of attaining thatpower) 
 that their cause alone is from above. .They separate their 
 spiritual rulers from the temporal governors of the state, 
 and assert the superior dignity and paramount authority 
 of the former ; and this they thunder in the ears of an 
 armed soldiery. They tell you, that the opposers of 
 the Roman Catholic cause are sacrilegious in the eye 
 ©f heaven; and that upon them, in a mass, the 
 creat stone will fall and grind them to powder. 
 
 I know the state of Ireland.t and the declarations 
 
 of 
 — — 1 1 — 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 " establishments, is one and t he same in itj elf, firm and unal- 
 
 II terable, and will undoubtedly remain so to the end of the 
 u world, whether owned or not owned by any public esta- 
 '* blishment indifferently." Mr. A's Pr'ef. p'ag. 8. I enter 
 not into the expedience, institution and relative excellence 
 ©f religious establishments in this place. It is not here the 
 question; if it were, I am not without my sentiments or 
 without words to enforce them. I hope indeed we may and 
 shall still justify the expressions of a great writer: " Wezxt 
 *' separated from the errors and freed from the chains of 
 *' Popery "without breaking out into a state of religious anarchy." 
 But I give Mr. Ashley's words as a general observation to all 
 those who esteem the downfall of such an establishment as 
 fofiery to be the downfall of the Christian religion, than 
 which no opinion can be more unfounded. To the Roman 
 Catholic system of religion, whether in it's vigour and pleni- 
 tude of power, or in its decline, or in it's struggles for re- 
 vival, the words of the poet may be applied figuratively and 
 literally: 
 
 In sua templa,/*/-//, nullaqueexire vetante 
 Materid, magnamque cadens magnamque reverfens 
 Dat stragemfatif sparsosque recolligit ignes. 
 
 Luc.L. r. 
 •\ There is something peculiarly ungrateful in the conduct 
 of this titular Bishop of Waterford . Particular attention 
 has been paid to Dr. Hufley by the administration of lie- 
 land, as Lord Camden knows. But in this country I should 
 hardly be underftood if I were to enumerate the particulars 
 •whhk J know. 1 have fpoken in terms very moderate indeed 
 of this Paftoral Letter under the citcumjlances of it's publica-
 
 ( xix ) 
 
 of the titular bishops in that country. JBut that sub- 
 ject is not properly mine, though it is intimately 
 connected with it. All I have to do is to (hew, 
 (and I think I have shewn it to all who will attend,) 
 that " the Spirit of the Roman Catholic System is yet un~ 
 altered" In England the French Priests, in a body, 
 have been chased from the Kings Castle at Winchester ; 
 but our government has yet a facred fortress or two at 
 Reading, and Shene and in Yorkshire ; and it ap- 
 pears that a sum of Five Hundred and Forty 
 Thousand Pounds (b) has been issued for the 
 use of the French Emigrants, sacred and profane, in 
 the course of the year 1796. This is ratified by the vote 
 of Parliament. On this particular topic I shall say no- 
 thing further in this place, (c) 
 
 The 
 
 NOTE 
 
 tion. My reprehenfion has been confined to the spirit of it. 
 It will be perceived by some persons that I write SuverotfK. 
 Talibnsft* adyto dictis Cum.ea Sibylla 
 Horrendas canit ambages, antroque remugit 
 Qbscuris vers involvens ! 
 (h) On the 21st Dec. 1796,''' The House of Commons in 
 u a Committee of Supply, among other sums, voted a sum, 
 " of 540,0001. for the relief of the suffering clergy and laity 
 •' of France." Woodfali's Parliamentary Register. 1796. 
 Vol. 1. page 524. It is singular (and it will be remember- 
 ed by those who are versed in the interior politics of this 
 country in the reign of Queen Anne) that in Swift's Exa- 
 miner Nov. 1710, No. 16. the exact sum of 540,000!. is stat- 
 ed humorously, as " a Bill of British ingratitude" to his 
 Grace the Duke of Marlborough, viz. " Woodstock 40,000!. 
 Blenheim, 200,000!. Post Office grant w \ 00, oooh Mildenheim 
 30,000!. pictures, jewels, &c. 6o,oool. Pall Mall grant &c. 
 io,oool. Employments &c. ico,oool. The Total exactly 
 54o,oool'' Thus at the beginning of this century did the 
 British nation remunerate the conqueror of France! 
 And thus, at the close of it, are the Services of the French 
 Emigrants, sacred and profane, annually requited by the 
 munificence of the British Parliament!!! We know where 
 it is written in letters of marble; 
 Europe h^c Vindex Genio decora alt a Britanno! 
 
 (r) I have just seen another production of a Roman Cath» 
 lie Divine, proposed for the common advantage of the Chris- 
 tian world, and notof his particular church. 1 mean theSecond 
 volume of Dr. Gsddcs's Tranflatiw of the Bible, I really 
 
 would.
 
 I ** ) 
 
 The subjects of this poem have been from necessity 
 various and numerous, far beyond my original concep- 
 tion. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 would not trust myself to criticise the Translation itself, after 
 I had read the fifth Chapter of Judges v. 30. where for the 
 words, " To every man a damsel or two," Dr. Geddes 
 translates, by way of a s/iirited and inviting improvement, 
 " a Girl, A couple of girls, to each brave man I" I 
 •will have nothing to do with the Doctor's Bravery, 
 but I intend to make a few observations on the Preface alone, 
 which is very extraordinary indeed, and by no means in the 
 spirit which the sacred writings seem to recommend. I am 
 •always pleased with every serious attempt to elucidate the 
 Scriptures, and am as ready as any man to acknowledge the 
 merit and learning of an industrious and ingenious scholar. 
 JBut though I differ essentially from Dr. Geddes, I am sure 
 I shall never call him " apostate, infidel, or heretic" in ge- 
 neral terms, as he knows some persons will do; (Pref, p. 4.) 
 but I may oppose an opinion to an opinion. The cause in 
 which he is engaged is not a trifling cause, nor is it,as we are 
 sometimes told, an object of meie classical criticism. I think 
 there is an unbecoming levity in the Doctor's manner more 
 frequently than I could wish, and he expresses his senti- 
 ments in language not easily understood at all times, nor 
 according to the genius and common grammar of the Eng- 
 lish tongue. But his meaning and opinion is, that ** the 
 " Historical Books of the Old Testament were«o/ divinely in- 
 " spired" He tells us (p. 12.) of a partial and putative in- 
 " spiration," and that the writers had not "a perpetual and 
 *' unerring sufflation" I do not quite understand the terms, 
 as they are too sublime for a plain Englishman, but I suppose 
 they are very fine, and I suppose their meaning from other 
 sentences in the preface. He says (p. 5.) that " The He- 
 " brew Historians wrote them from such human documents 
 *' as they could find, popular traditions, old songs, and jiublic 
 •' registers. 1 ' Singular materials truly for divine inspiration! 
 But he says also, " I venture (and it is indeed venturing a 
 •' great deal) I venture to lay it down as a certain truth, that 
 *' there is no intrinsic evidence of the Jewish Historians being 
 •' divinely ins/tired; that there is nothing in the style or arrange* 
 " ment in the whole colour or complexion of their compo- 
 €< sitions that speaks the guidance of an unerring spirit, but 
 '* that on the contrary, every thing proclaims the fallible and 
 M failing writer." (p. 5.) Dr. G. declares also, " After 
 *' reading the Hebrew writings, and finding to his full convic- 
 •' iiau 10 many intrinsic marks of fallibility, error and in- 
 consistency,
 
 ( xxi ) 
 
 tion. But a mighty and majestic river in it's course 
 through a diversity ot countries not only winds and 
 murmurs through the vallies, but contends and foams 
 among rocks, and precipices, and the confluence of tor- 
 rents. Still it's tendency is to the ocean, to which it 
 pays it's last tribute and is finally lost in that immen- 
 sity. In literature the mind resembles such a course. 
 All it's exertions may be turned into one grand and ge- 
 neral 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 " -consistency, not to fay downright absurdity ," (p. n.) he 
 could not believe their inspiration, even if he were taught 
 it by an angel. J have thus introduced the reader to the 
 Doctor's most explicit opinion, but I will present him with 
 his solemn affirmation, and he will easily decide on the pro- 
 priety, the reasoning and the consistency of it. " I value them 
 not theless,(szysDr. Geddes) " because I deem them not divinely 
 H ins/iired." (p. 12.) If a man can seriously assert, that the 
 Scriptures inspired by God (upon that supposition being grant- 
 ed) are not more valuable than the productions of a mere fal- 
 lible wretched cieature like man in his best estate, I really 
 could not lose my time in argument with that man however 
 learned or however gifted. He has degraded himself from 
 that rank of literature and of sound understanding, which 
 gives him a title to be answered. Dr. Geddes, as a scholar, 
 should /v-consider his character, and as a professed Chris- 
 tian, he should r^-examine his principles, I cannot discuss 
 the doctrine of inspiration in this place; it cannot be ex- 
 pected that I should. But the tendency of all the proceed- 
 ings of our scholars and guides in literature, and in the state, 
 and in religion, should be carefully watched. The open 
 blasphemy and low scurrility of Thomas Paine has been 
 6et aside by just argument, and the law of the land has 
 armed itself against it's effect in society. § Mr. Lewis Mem- 
 ber of Parliament, has attacked the Bible in another and in a 
 
 shorter 
 
 NOTE ON THE NOTE. 
 
 5 I am glad to bear testimony to the excellence of Mr. 
 Erskine's eloquent declamation in the Court of K. B. in 
 that cause, on Newton, Boyle, Locke, and other great men, 
 the defenders of Christianity. — But my general opinion or 
 Mr. Erskine's talent for writing and public speaking is very 
 different. (See a future note on this Poem, Part 4.)
 
 ( XX 11 ) 
 
 ■neral direction. The mind, if well regulated, remem- 
 bers from whence it came, and feels that all it's powers 
 and 
 
 »■!'■■ — 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 shorter manner f, blasphemous a* far as it goes, and tending 
 to discredit and traduce it's authority. And last Dr. Gbd- 
 pes, a Translator of the Bible, versed in the original lan- 
 guage and in Hebrew criticism, has now begun his attack 
 also on the historical parts, which, if they are not part of 
 the ins/tired writings, are not intitled to the name of sacked 
 Scriptures, It is difficult to say, where these attacks will 
 end. The times are so precarious, and revolt from all au« 
 thority human and divine so frequent, that the magistrate, 
 the satirist, and the critic have an united office, If the his- 
 torical parts of the Bible are given up, another man will arise 
 and object to the poetical parts. These will be allowed to 
 have sublimity, z.nd dignity; but why should they be consi- 
 dered as inspired. All poetry, we shall be told, is in some 
 sense inspired; Homer and yEschylus and Shakespeare, and 
 why not the Hebrew bards. The moral portion of the Scrip- 
 tures is evidently full of wisdom and sound sense, and I sup- 
 pose we shall soon hear it may be the work of a philosopher y 
 and that morality is not matter of inspiration. A fourth wri- 
 ter may firstinsinuatew/M^raif rr<^<rc7 and then prove that all 
 prophecy is ambiguous, and that the prophecies in the Bible 
 may be conjectural, and therefore no reliance can be had 
 on their inspiration. Lastly we may be told, that the doctrinal 
 parts are so much above as well as contrary \ to human rea- 
 
 ibn, 
 
 NOTE ON THE NOTE. 
 
 T In u TheMonk, a Romance." See above. Pref. p. ii.and 
 iii. of Part 4. 
 
 X As the fubject. is fo important and words are fo frequently 
 tnifapplied or mifapprehended, it is always of ufe to remem- 
 ber the words Faith and Reason as contradistinguished to each 
 other. Mr. Locke has defined them with a clearness and a 
 precifion which never can be exceeded, and which never 
 fliould be forgotten in thought or in converfation. " Rea- 
 «.' son, ascontradiftinguifhed to Faith, I take to be thedif- 
 ** covery of the certainty or probability of fuch propofi- 
 *' tions or truths, which the mind arrives at by deduction 
 " made from fuch ideas which it has got by the ufe of it's 
 " natural faculties, namely, by fenfation or reflection.— 
 " Faith, on the other fide, is the aflent to any propofition 
 " not thus made out by the deduclions cfreafon, but upon the 
 •' credit of the propofer, as coming from Goo, in fome ex- 
 *' tiaordinary way of communication. This way of dif- 
 •' covering truths to men, we call Revelation.*' Locke'* 
 Etfay on the H. U. B, 4. C, 18,
 
 f xxiii ) 
 
 and faculties are but ministerial. I think it is some- 
 where expressed in the concise sublimity of Plato, Up •* 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 son, that they could not come from God. Thus might the 
 whole fabric vanish into air, into thin air : or to reverse 
 Mr. Gibbon's phrase, thus might " the triumphant banner 
 *' of the heathen Capitol be again erected on the ruins of the 
 *' Church of Christ." Still we are to sit silent, still we are to 
 hear with patience the outrageous presumption ofman before 
 his merciful Creator! while " The world and it's adora- 
 *' ble Author, his attributes and essence, his power and 
 ** rights and duty (I tremble to pronounce the word) be all 
 *' brought together to be judged — 'Before us."§ We areto as- 
 ble in theTtm[ie with all our princes, and lords, and poten- 
 tates, and venerable orders, and our high officers in all 
 the gradations and dignities of our state and hierar- 
 chy, till some Champion of anarchy and infidelity be 
 brought forth, as in sport, and placed between the pillars. He 
 
 n i u: \c :^l _ii i •_ :_i.i n 1 » t*_ _*. » 
 
 speak this m gener^., 
 I do not apply it to Dr. G«ddes or any such scholar. It is 
 not now for the first time that the Canon, and the inspiration, 
 «nd tfie authenticity of the Scriptures have been examined ; and 
 
 their 
 
 NOTE ON THE NOTE. 
 
 § Oden's Sermons, Hallifax's edit. vol. I. p. 2.— There 
 tvas something peculiarly amiable in the kind and disinter- 
 ested office which the late Bishop ofSt. Asaph, Dr.HAM.rFA* 
 undertook in the vindication of the memory and writings of 
 two great men, (quales et quantos viros!) Bishop Butler and 
 Dr. Ogden. It will be an eternal honour to that very acute, 
 learned, and most judicious prelate. Cicero shall speak for 
 this prelate; as no man better understood the strength and 
 application of his language, '* Idoneus mea quidem senten- 
 «* tia praesertim quum et IpszEum audiveiit etscribat de ?nor- 
 4t tuo-,ex quo nullasuspicio est amicitiaecausaeum esse men- 
 «« titvtm." Cic. de Clar. Orat. Sect. 15. What such a 
 writer as Dr.Hallifax has told, who would tell again? Ionljr 
 «peak in honour to the memory of a Scholar, whose name 
 should be recorded. To y*p yepxs won 6«v5vt«v.
 
 ( xxiv ) 
 
 v a'iom fCXeare*. Under the influence and persuasion 
 of this great and master principle the mind so prepared, 
 whether serious, or gay, or thoughtful, or sprightly, 
 or even fantastic in it's humour, is ftill performing it's 
 proper office. Philosophy and criticism cannot reach 
 some subjects, which sap the foundation and support of 
 well-being. Playfulness, ridicule, wit, and humour, 
 are the auxiliaries and light-armed forces of truth, and 
 their power, in detachments, is equally felt with the 
 main strength of the body. 
 
 There is one description and sect of men, to whom 
 more than common reprehension is due, and who can- 
 not be held up too frequently to the public scorn and 
 abhorrence. I mean the modern philosophers of the 
 French syftem. Mr. Burke has thundered upon them, 
 and his lightning (hone through their darkest re- 
 cesses. " The sudden blaze far round illumined Hell" 
 This monstrous compound of the vanity and weakness 
 
 of 
 
 NOTE, 
 
 their internal evidence has often taught a different les- 
 son. I cannot help offering one suggestion, as it is new to 
 me. If there is a subject in the Bible which has been par- 
 ticularly singled out for profane ridicule^ it is that of Jonah 
 being swallowed up in the whale's belly three days and three 
 nights. Yet, as if to confound human wisdom, or sagacity, 
 or vanity, and as an eternal lesson to human presumption 
 on the fitness and unfitness of the subjects of inspira- 
 tion, The Saviovr of the World himself thought 
 proper to choose and to appropriate this event to Him- 
 self. " yJs Jonah was three days and three nights in 
 *' the whale's belly, sofiall the Son of Man be three 
 '* days and three nights in the heart of the earth/'' St. Matt. 
 c. 12. v. 40.-— I solemnly protest I have no other object in 
 view in whatever 1 have written, but the good of man in all 
 his beft interefts, complicated as they are at this awful and 
 pressing hour. More is vet\n our power than we may even 
 imagine; but all the orders of the state muft unite vigo- 
 rously and powerfully in their specif c functions to preserve 
 it. The priefts and minifteis of the Lord muft also Hand be- 
 tween the porch and the altar, and exert themselves " be- 
 *' fore their e\es begin to wax dim that they may not see, 
 *' and ere the lamp of God goeth out in the temple of the Lord % 
 ♦' whske tuc Ark of God wAs!"f 
 
 f Sam. b, 1. ch.3. v.3,
 
 ( XXV ) 
 
 of the intellect, and the fury of the passions in some of 
 them, this " facinus majoris abollae," should be exposed 
 ■with the full strength of' argument and of reason, and 
 with occasional ridicule, to the English nation in every 
 point of view. In other philosophers of this sys- 
 tem, there is a calmness and composure in their 
 mental operations more savage than the violence 
 of the former. Their subject is the living 
 man. Before them he is delivered bound hand and 
 foot. On him their experiments are to be tried ; and 
 when his whole composition, moral and political, is 
 either racked, or disjointed, or the minuter parts of it 
 laid bare to the eye and the very circulation of the 
 fluids, as it were, shewn in the agonizing subject ; this 
 they savagely call, studying and improving human nature 
 by the new light. But I will not proceed on this subject. 
 Great and venerable is the name and influence of the 
 true philosophy. The word may be disgraced for a 
 season, but the love of wisdom must always command 
 refpect. When we compare these modern philoso- 
 phers who reject all revelation, with the philosophers 
 of antiquity, and in particular those of the Stoic sect, 
 who were ignorant of it, the difference, to say no more, 
 is indeed striking. What were Socrates, and Plato, 
 and Epictetus, and Antoninus ! Before such lights, 
 shining in the darkness and gloom of the heathen fir- 
 mament, 
 
 Conditur omne 
 Stellarum vulgus, fugiunt sine nomine signa. (d) 
 
 As I am speaking of Philosophy, I may be excuFed 
 if I say a few words of that language, in which it's 
 power has been most conspicuous. I see no more pe- 
 dantry in the knowledge and study of the Greek tongue, 
 than of the French or the German. But when I con- 
 sider that every subject in philosophy, in history, in 
 oratory, and in poetry, whatever can dignify or em- 
 bellish human society in it's most cultivated state, has 
 there found the higheft authors ; that the principles of 
 composition are better taught and more fully exemplified 
 ihan in any other language ; that the Greek writers are 
 
 Part IV. e ■ the 
 
 [J) Manil. Astron, L, u v. 470.
 
 ( Xxvi ) 
 
 the universal legislators in taste, criticifm, and jufl com- 
 position, from whom there is no appeal, and who will 
 be found unerring directors ; I would with peculiar 
 emphasis and earnestness request young men of fortune, 
 ability, and polished education, not to cast off the study 
 of the Greek, writers, when they leave the university. 
 A few hours devoted to this study in every week will 
 preserve and improve their knowledge. It will animate 
 the whote mass of their learning, will give colour to 
 their, thoughts and precision to their expressions. There 
 is no necessity either to quote or to speak Greek ; but 
 the constant perusal of the historians, philosophers, ora- 
 tors, and poets will be felt and perceived. In parliament 
 and at the bar it would be most conspicuous. (a) They 
 vyho are wise will secretly attend to this recommenda- 
 tion, which muft be disinterested, and proceeds from 
 long experience. 
 
 In regard to the manner and the plan of this Poem 
 on the P. olL. I have something to say, but my re- 
 spect to the reader prevents me from saying much. It 
 aspires not to the manner or the praise of the Dun- 
 CIAD, or to any thing whatsoever in common with 
 that great performance. The original ?notive of it howe- 
 ver, in my opinion, is as far superior in importance and 
 dignity, as the power and ability of the author fall short 
 of that poetical excellence, which none hereafter muft 
 hope to rival or -perhaps to attain. It's general subjeci 
 
 is 
 
 \ NOTE. 
 
 (a) Plutarch describes the first Marcellus, (the first of 
 that distinguifhed race) as a warrior of experience and 
 intrepidity, humane and polifhed in his manners and a 
 great lover of the Greek literature; the words are these: 
 .Tt) aaiv £(j.7retpix flroXf/uuxoy, T75 (Quoti <^jXo7roX£/xoV ru> 5e 
 uXkeo Tpvnw outypaiv, <p»Xav8^a>9Tor, r.7Xn\ixr,s'ntxi§Zixs xxt 
 l.oyzjVtaxpi T8 Tjju-av kui 0af//.a|eiv ras xaro^mTus ,epx<jrrs ." 
 Plut. Vit. Marcell. p. 242. vol. 2. Ed. liryan. — As we have 
 5low so many gentlemen of fortune and family and education and 
 ability among the officers of the army and the militia, I wish 
 they may read this note, and employ some of their vacant 
 hours in valuable Studies and, like the great chiefs among 
 the ancients, resume and vindicate the honour of learned 
 military leisure.
 
 ( xxvii ) 
 
 isLiTF.RATU RE however exerted.whether for the bene- 
 fit or for the injury of mankind. It has nothing of the 
 mock epic. It is a dialogue ; has something of a dra- 
 matic cast, and is an excursus. The subjects follow 
 each other; and if I am not mistaken, they are neither 
 confounded nor confused. If there be in the whole 
 composition any passage, any sentence, or any expres- 
 sion, which, according to the specific nature of the sub- 
 ject, canjustly offend even female delicacy ; which, from 
 the manner of it, a gentleman would refuse to write, or 
 a man of virtue to admit into his thoughts; which vio- 
 lates the high, and discriminating, and honourable, and 
 directing principles of human conduct, it is to me mat- 
 ter of serious and of solemn regret. Natui ce imperio 
 gemimus. I am not conscious of having admitted any 
 such passage, or sentence, or expression. I have never 
 yet heard such an objection to my work. If it can be 
 pointed out, I will erase it with much concern and 
 with greater indignation. 
 
 I should also give a few words to the manner of the" 
 notes which I have annexed, and which are so frequent 
 and so copious. 1 wished not, as Boileau expresses it, 
 to prepare tortures for any future Salmasius,{f jand I too 
 well know my own insignificance to expect any'com- 
 ment on my writings but from my own pen. I have 
 made no allusion which I did not mean to explain. But 
 I had something further in my intention. The notes are 
 not always merely explanatory ; they are (if I have 
 been able to execute my intention) of a structure rather 
 peculiar to themselves. Many of them are of a nature 
 between an essay and an explanatory comment. There 
 is much matter in a little compass, suited to the exi- 
 gency of the times. As they take no particular 
 form of composition, they are not matter of criticism 
 in that particular respect. I expatiated on the casual 
 subject which presented itself ; and when ancient or 
 modern writers expressed the thoughts better than I 
 e 2 could 
 
 (f) " Aux • Saumaiscsfutur sjirejiarer Jes torttire{"_ 
 
 Boil. Sat. 9. v. 64.
 
 ( xxviii ) 
 
 could myself, I have given the original languages. No 
 man has a greater contempt for the parade of quotation 
 (as such) than I have. My clefign is not to quote words, 
 but to enforce right fentiments in the manner which I 
 think beft adapted to the purpose, after much reflection. 
 To most of my readers those languages are familiar; and 
 if any person, not particularly conversant in them, should 
 honour the notes with a perusal, I think the force of the 
 observations may be felt without attending to the Greek 
 or Latin. In all regular compositions I particularly 
 dislike a mixture of languages. It is uncouth or ine- 
 legant, and sometimes marks a want of power in the 
 writer. In works of any dignity or consequence, it is 
 adviseable, if a passage from any ancient author is quot- 
 ed, to translate that passage in the text, and put the 
 original at the bottom of the page, if necessary. We 
 have in this respect the authority and example of 
 Cicero, Bishop Hurd, and Sir William Jones. 
 
 In general, I could say all I wished in the text and 
 comment. Some subjects are indeed so important, that 
 they should be held forth to public light and viewed 
 in every point. Satire, in this respect, has peculiar 
 force. Vice is not unfrequently repressed, and folly 
 and presumptuous ignorance and cOnceit sometimes 
 yield or vanish at the first attack, and like the fabled 
 spirits before the spell of the enchanter, 
 
 Prima vel voce Canentis 
 Concedunt, carmenque timent audire secun- 
 dum.^) 
 
 I again declare to the public, that neither my name, 
 nor my situation in life will ever be revealed. I pre- 
 tend not to be " the sole depositary of my own secret;" 
 but where it is confided, there it will be preserved and 
 locked up for ever. I have an honourable confi- 
 dence in the human character, when properly edu- 
 cated and rightly instructed. My secret will for ever 
 be preserved, / know, under every change of fortune or 
 
 of 
 
 (g) Lucan, L. 6. v. 527.
 
 ( xxix ) 
 
 of political tenets* while honour, and virtue, and reli- 
 gion, and friendly affe&ion, and erudition, and the prin- 
 ciples of a gentleman, have binding force and authority 
 upon minds so cultivated and so dignified. 
 
 My Poem and all and each of the notes to it were writ- 
 ten without any co-operation whatsoever. I expecl: the 
 fullest assent and credit to this my solemn assertion. I 
 expect it, because I speak -the truth. I have not been 
 assisted by Doctors in any faculty. If indeed I had writ- 
 ten to please a particular man, a n;inister,a chief in oppo- 
 sition, a party, any set, or any description of men exclu- 
 sively, literary or political, there is not a man of under- 
 standing in the country who does not perceive that I 
 should, or rather that I must have written in another 
 style, thought' and argument. Of such motives I pro- 
 fess myself nor skilled nor studious. My appeal is direct 
 to my Country. I know and feel the situation in which 
 at this moment she stands. There is now no balance 
 left in Europe. All is preparing to sink under One de- 
 solating Tyran ny. My opinion however is, that by 
 the mercy of Providence, and by the unremitted atten- 
 tion and labours of our constitutional statesmen, and 
 the united efforts of all that are loyal, brave, opulent, 
 powerful, or dignified, we may yet " be able to stand 
 in this evil D ay, and having done all to stand." 
 Let us stand therefore.as the chosen nation of old, the in- 
 sulated memorial of true Religion, and the only Asylum 
 of balanced Liberty. I profess myself convinced, and 
 therefore have I written. I entered into the sanctuary 
 of the Hebrews and heard the voice of their prophet : 
 " Credidi, propter quod locutus sum." This was the 
 voice which I heard, and it was a voice, as Milton 
 would express it, }* thundering out of Sion." Under 
 this persuasion and conviction, I will say of this work, 
 there is in it but one hand and one intention. It will be 
 idle to conjecture concerning the author, and more than 
 foolish to be very inquisitive. To my adversaries Ihave 
 nothing to reply. I never will reply. I could with the 
 most perfect charity sing a requiem over their deceased 
 criticisms, if I weremaster of what Statius calls the "Exe- 
 
 ouulc
 
 ( XXX ) 
 
 •.ytni-rlft sacrum, caymenque minorihus umhris utile Y/;) y * 
 Those whom I wished to please, I have pleased. If I 
 have diffused any light, it is from a single orb, whether 
 temperate in^the horizon or blazing l-n the meridian. 
 My aspect is not in conjunction : if 1 culminate at all, 
 it is from the Equator. 
 
 Thus much to silly curiosity and frivolous garrulity. 
 But to persons of higher minds and of more exalted 
 and more generous principles, who have the spirit to 
 understand, and the patience to consider, the nature and 
 the labour of my work, I would address myself in other 
 language and with other arguments. I would declare to 
 ihevi r that when I consider the variety and importance 
 and extent of the subjects, I might say that it was writ- 
 ten, 1 though for no other cause yet tor this, that pos- 
 " terity may know, that we have not loosely through 
 " silence permitted things to pass away as in a dream. '- 
 I would declare also to them, that I deliver it as a li- 
 terary man ifesto to this Kingdom in a season un- 
 propitious to learning or to poetry, in a day of darkness 
 and of thick gloominess, and in an hour of turbulence, 
 ©f> terror, and of uncertainty. Such persons will be 
 satisfied, if the great cause of mankind, of regulated 
 society, of religion, of government, and of good man- 
 ners,, is attempted to be maintained with strength and 
 with the application of learning. To them it is a matter 
 of very little or rather of no moment at all, by whom 
 it is. effected. They have scarce a transitory question to' 
 make on the subject. To such understandings I wil- 
 lingly submit my composition, and to them I dedicate 
 the work. 
 
 I shall only add, that if they should reacts//' the Parts 
 ©f this Poem on the Pursuits of Literature with candour 
 and with attention, whatever the connection between 
 them or the method may be, they will most assuredly 
 Jjnd, " that uniformity of thought and design, which will 
 *' always be found in the writings of the same person, 
 
 " WHEN HE WRITES WITH SIMPLICITY AND IN 
 " EARNEST." 
 
 (*) Stat. Theb. L. 6. v. 123,
 
 THE 
 
 PURSUITS OF LITERATURE: 
 
 A SATIRICAL POEM. 
 
 PART IV. 
 
 AUTHOR. 
 
 OH, for that sabbath's dawn ere Britain wept, 
 
 And France before the Cross believ'd and slept! 
 
 ('Rest to the state, and slumber to the soul !) 
 
 Ere yet the brooding storm was heard to roll 
 
 In fancy's ear o'er many an Alpine rock, 5 
 
 Or Europe trembled at the fated shock; 
 
 Ere by his lake Gene\ a's angel stood, 
 
 And wav'dhis scroll prophetic {a) o'er the flood, 
 
 With 
 
 {a) It is remarkable that rti Switzerland appeared the three 
 persons, whose principles, doetriries, and practice, (as it seems 
 to me) have primarily and ultimately effected the great change 
 and downfal of regal and of lawful power in Europe. Calvin, 
 in religion; Roufleay, in politics; and Neckar by his adminis- 
 tration.
 
 ( K ) 
 
 With names (as yet unheard) and symbols drear, 
 Calvin in front, and Neckar in the rear, i o 
 
 But 
 
 tration. Calvin and his disciples were never friends to monar- 
 chy and episcopacy. I shall not here contend politically or the- 
 ologically with Bishop Horsley concerning Calvin. Indeed I 
 never yet stood gaping on that cc/i£er oracle. A Poet's words 
 are better for a poet. I have looked into history and, as I think, 
 have found them true. Dryden speaks of Calvin thus, and re- 
 markably enough; 
 
 The last of all the litter scap'd by chance, 
 
 " And from Geneva first infested Trance. " 
 
 (Hind and Panther. B. i. v. 172.) 
 Rousseau, (Ispeakof hime«/y as apolitical writer)by the unjus- 
 tifiable, arbitrary, and cruel proceedings against him, his writings 
 and his person, in France,(where he was a stranger and to whose 
 tribunals he was not amenable) was stimulated to pursue his 
 researches into the origin and expedience of such government, 
 and of such oppression, which, otherwise, he probably, never 
 would have discussed; till he reasoned himself into the desperate 
 doctiine of political equality, and gave to the world his fatal 
 present, " The Social Contract. 1 * Of this work the French, since 
 the Revolution, have never once lost sight. With them it is first 
 and last, and midst, and without end in all their thoughts and 
 public actions. Rousseau, is, I believe, the only man to whom 
 they havepaid an implicit and undeviating reverence; and, with- 
 out a figure, have worshipped in the Pantheon of their new ido- 
 latry, like another Chemo?, " the obscene dread of Gallia's sons." 
 —Different from these, came Neckar. With intentions, as I 
 firmly think, upright, pure and just, but with a mind impotent 
 and unequal to the great work, and with principles foreign ti> 
 
 the
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 But chief Equality's vain priest, Rousseau, 
 A sage in sorrow nurs'd, and gaunt with woe, 
 
 F By 
 
 the nature of the government he was called to regulate, reform 
 and conduct, " a fatal stranger" for Fiance. He oppressed every 
 subject sacred and civil with too much <verbinge. He was sanc- 
 tioned by popular prejudice, and marked by aristocratical ha- 
 tred ; a sort of " Arpinas Folscorum a monte" He came to lay 
 open and disclose (and he did lay them open to the very bot- 
 tom) the mystery and iniquity of French finance and of French 
 treasuries. But he brought with him to the concerns of a great 
 and tottering empire (which perhaps might have been main- 
 tained and consolidated) the little mind of a provincial banker, 
 and the vanity inseparable from human nature, when elevated 
 beyond hope or expectation. What was the consequence? for 
 a while indeed, 
 
 Hie Cimbros et summa pericula rerum 
 Excifiit, et solus trepidantem/ro/dg// Urbem. f 
 But the original leaven in his political composition was /tofiular} 
 and that leavened the whole lump. We know the rest. His ad- 
 vice, first in the calling together (at all) of the States General, and 
 afterwards in the formation and distribution of them, gave the 
 devoted King to the scaffold, and the monarchy of France to 
 irreversible dissolution.— For my own part when I contemplate 
 the convulsions of Europe, and the fatal desolation which at- 
 tends republican principles, wherever they are introduced, I can;- 
 not hut rest with a momentary pleasure on the picture which 
 Plato in his imaginary republic, (the only one I ever could bear) 
 lias drawn of a man fatigued with the view of public affairs and 
 retiring from them in the hope of tranquillity: the sentiments 
 are such as the French formerly would have called, '* Les De- 
 lasseniens de Vhomnte sensible" The words are these: 
 
 + Tuv, Sat, 8. v. 349. 
 Part. IV.
 
 ( 4 ) 
 
 By persecution train'd and popish zeal, 
 Ripe with his wrongs ,to frame the dire (b) appeal, 
 What time his work the Citizen began, i$ 
 
 And gave to France the social savage, Man. 
 
 Was it for this, in Leo's fost'ring reign 
 Learning uprose with tempests in her train; 
 Was every gleam deceitful, every ray 
 But idle splendor from the orb of day ? 20 
 
 Say, were the victims mark'd from earliest time, 
 The Flamens conscious of a nation's crime ? 
 Why smoaked the altars with the new perfume, 
 If heav'n's own fire descends but to consume? 
 
 Alas, 
 
 u la.vra. iroaira, Xoyiay^co "Kx^uv^svy^ixv e%uv xxi va avrs rpxr* 
 ruv, otov ev yzuj.am xouoprtt xpu Qxkris utio Trvcf/xaror (pepo/x,£va 
 vito re%iov v7ro<7Tccs, Ipwv t«s ocKkvs xa.ra7^p^7^^a/xsv8s■ avojiwas - , 
 uyotTzz si Tt-n ocuros xuQocpos adixiocf rs xoci avociuv spyuv, rov re 
 «v9a£e C<ov Guvaerat, xx,i rvm airaKKocynM ocurs (/.tree, xxkris zhTz\!>QS 
 Xhzws re xou sy^Evrjs <rxaXXai;ETai. 
 
 Plato de Repub, L. 6. p. 496, Op. vol. a. Ed. Serrani. 
 
 (£) " Lc Contrat Social, par J. J.Rousseau, Citoyen dc 
 Geneve,
 
 ( 5 ) 
 
 Alas, proud Gallia's fabric to the ground \ £5 
 What arm shall level, or what might confound ! 
 
 Oh for that hand, which o'er the walls of Troy (r) 
 His lightning brandish'd with a furious joy, 
 
 F 2 Her 
 
 (f) It certainly would be convenient, (if we can for a moment 
 trifle with such a subject 2S the present French war) to march 
 to Paris, " and, like another (Bryant) fire another 'Troy." We 
 have little hope, but from such assistance. — See •' a Disserta- 
 tion concerning the War of Troy, and the Expedition 
 of the Grecians, as described by Homer; shewing, that no 
 such expedition was undertaken, and that no such city 
 of Phrygia existed." Published in 1796, but there is no date 
 to the title page. I find it difficult to give an opinion on this 
 ingenious treatise. Whatever comes from the author of " The 
 Analysis of ancient Mythology" should be treated with very 
 great respect. His character is * venerable, and his erudition, 
 as I think, without an equal. Of all subjects, I should have 
 thought this subject was one, on which an enquiry might have 
 been instituted without offence. Yet this has not been the case. 
 The offence has been considered as deep and wide, and the in- 
 fluence of the principle, in some respects, dangerous and alar- 
 ming. The faith of history has been represented as attacked 
 in its strongest fortress, and even the sacred writings, as matter of 
 historical faith, implicated in the discussion. Some persons 
 have even declared that Mr. Bryant had no right to touch the 
 subject. That nothing can be more contrary to reason than 
 to suppose that the existence of a city, and a war, of which we 
 have read with delight from our boyish days, should be called 
 
 10 
 
 * Pursuits of L. Part II. v. 1S9.
 
 4 6 ') 
 
 Her state, her arms, her fleets, her very name 
 
 Gave, as in mock'ry, to poetic fame, 30 
 
 And 
 
 in question. That their pleasure is snatched from them : and 
 such a poem, without an historical fact for a basis, cannot be 
 interesting. They allow the amplification of poetry, and it's 
 embellishments, and even the anachronisms of Homer. But 
 Troy did exist, and the Grecians did once besiege it,and Hector, 
 Achilles, Agamemnon, and Diomede were as real heroes, as the 
 Archduke Charles, Buonaparte, Lord Cornwallis or Tip- 
 poo Saib in modern wars. I really should smile at many of 
 these objections, if they did not frequently come from persons of 
 consequence andof learning. Most certainly however I will quar- 
 rel with no man " about Sir Archy's great Grandmother." They 
 who are acquainted with the science and subject of jtrob abilities 
 will best decide the question for themselves, and I will not in- 
 trude my judgment. It is a question of probability and not of 
 proof. I am equally pleased with a poem founded on the 
 metamorphosis of Apuleius or on any modern fiction, if all the 
 essential and integral parts of a poem are preserved: if the cha- 
 racters, manners -and actions are human, and consistent with the 
 supposed situations of the personages. This to me is sufficient, 
 and perhaps poetry, as such, may be a gainer by Mr. Bryant's 
 interpretation. I rather hail the omen in these times of poetical 
 sterility. But nothing can be further from the dignity of Mr. 
 B's character, than the imputation of having attacked the faith 
 and credibility of ancient, or of any, history. It is scarcely enti- 
 tled to notice. What was Troy? with what part ofhistory is it con- 
 nected? Is not the Trojan war an insulated solitary fact? If it 
 were done away,isany historical event whatever made to fall with 
 it? When it is stated that four hundred and thirty ships (no 
 matter of what size) were employed by the Grecians in th<? 
 Trojan, war in the twelfth century, and only eighty nine 
 
 ill
 
 ( 7 ) 
 
 And with the fire of Philip' son, unfurl'd 
 His classic standard o'er a wond'ring world, 
 Till " Horner's sprite did tremble all for grief \ 
 " And curs' 'd tJi access of that celestial thief." (d) 
 Oh, for a Bryant's hand !— 
 
 O C T A- 
 
 in the Pelopopnesian war in the fifth century before 
 Christ, is this matter of serious history? Is not the whole 
 allowed to pass even the bounds of any probability, but the 
 poet's? I remember hearing a gentleman state similar questions 
 to these with much earnestness and apparent convidtion, but 
 without warmth. He seemed to understand something of the 
 subject; and though I thought some points were pressed indis- 
 creetly and unnecessarily by Mr. Bryant, I replied that I 
 thought nearly as he did, and I said with the most good-natured 
 Ettox,^ of the Academics, " Almost thou persuadest me to be a 
 Bryant'ian" — I think they who are the strongest in opposition 
 to Mr. Bryant, if they were even Inquisitors§, and could force 
 him to hold a lighted torch in his hand and make a retractation 
 of his errors, and the amende ho?iotable in the Eglise de notre Dame 
 de Cybele Mere de tons les Dieux Pa'iens t would be contented with 
 the Catholic form of words : Questi erano gli scherzi d'una 
 penna poefiica, non gli sentimenti d'un animo catolico!" Yet 
 considering all that I have heard, and the quarter from which it 
 came, Curius quid sentit, et amko Scijilada^ and the insignifi- 
 cance 
 
 & I am sure Gilbert Wakefield is even more than an Inquisitor in all his prin- 
 ciples literary, civil, and religious. See his indecent letter to Mr. Bryant on the 
 war of Troy. But above all, fee his Letter to Mr. Wilberforee. The Se- 
 cretary to the Duke of Alva under Philip II. or the Public Accuser of the 
 llevolutionaiy Tribunal, under Robespierre, never exhibited such a paper. 
 There it no deceit in Gilbert IPaicfield; " He is, just what he seems." It is 
 plain to sse wfitt he expects, and <why he writes,
 
 ( 8 ) 
 
 OCTAV I US. 
 
 Methinks you smile, 35 
 
 And fain would land me on the wand'ring isle, 
 
 Where the learn' d drain Acrasia's foaming bowl, 
 
 Till round the Sun their heads with Gebelin's (e) roll ; 
 
 Nor 
 
 canceofthe question itself, but as a matter of amusement; 
 though in common with many others, I should have lost 
 much individual gratification and instruction, yet I wish this 
 Dissertation on the war of Troy had never been written at all. 
 
 (d) Two lines from Sir Walter Raleigh's Sonnet, prefixed 
 to Spenser's Fairy Queen. 
 
 (e ) Gebelin. — If many of the learned world have thought Mr. 
 Bryant unadvised in the discussion of the war of Troy in the 
 twelfth century A. C. what must we say to Mr. Court de Gebe- 
 lin, who has actually endeavoured to reason tnen into a beliefs 
 that, the Founders of the Roman State, Romulus and Remus, were 
 only allegorical personages, and were in reality representatives 
 of the Sun and worshipped as such. Mr. Gebelin is a man of the 
 most various erudition, and if he were as well known as Mr. 
 Bryant, his attempt would have been noticed. But few people 
 perhaps have had the curiosity to look into nine volumes in 4to 
 ofthe "Monde Primitif analyse et compare avec le Monde Mo- 
 derne par M. Court de Gebelin. "^t may beentertaining to some 
 persons, if I give a few particulars of this singular question. 
 The Fourth Volume of Mr. Gebelin's work consists of the 
 *' Histoire Religieux du Calendrier, ou des Fetes Ancienn«s.'' 
 The fifth Chapter of the second Eook (Vol. 4.) is the " Histoire 
 des Gemeaux Romains Romulus et Remus." Mr. G. says, 
 
 •« Les
 
 ( 9 ) 
 
 Nor heed the pause of (f) Douglas, Wakefield's rage, 
 Nor Hallam (g) trembling for the sacred page, 40 
 
 Nor 
 
 " Les Romains eurent aussi leurs Allegories sur le double Soleilsuc- 
 cessif de Fan nee; ils Vajijtli querent a leur Remus et Romulus, 
 Les noms sont allegoriques, et tous relatifs a Vannee." p. 264. 
 Remus, it seems, signified the Sun in the winter, and Romulus, 
 In the summer ! By an easy proof, he says, " Ils en firent la fete 
 des Z<?mures pour 72<rmures, &c. p. 263. In the sixth chapter 
 of the same Book, we read: Nous avons vu dans le chapitre 
 precedent, que Romulus etolt le soleil; que tout le prouvolt; 
 —And what is the proof? Truly this : " Le nom de sa mere, 
 celui de son pere, son frere, la mort de son frere (Remus), son 
 propre nom, &c. &c." Q^E. D. — Mr. Gebelin has not yet done, 
 nor is Mr. Gebelin yet satisfied. He next converts, by means 
 of his solar microscope, Romulus into Hercules! Hear his words. 
 " Ce qu'exprimoient a cet egard les Grecs par l'Apotheose d' 
 Hercule, les Romains l'exprimerent par l'Apotheose de Romu- 
 Jus.'' But when he speaks of Quirinus, another name of Romu- 
 lus, the force of art and of proof can go no further. La voici. 
 " Quirinus (nom de Romulus) la traduction literale de Mel- 
 carthe, on Melicerte, que portoit Hercule chez les Ij/rieus, est 
 une autre preuve, qu'on regardoit Romulus comme le So- 
 leil." p 269 !!!!!! — I cannot help observing that in this same 
 4th Vol. p. 422. Mr. Gebelin informs us that, " Sur le 1 8 Fev- 
 rier on celebroit la Fete de Romulus, (and at the same time, rather 
 inauspiciously to be sure) on celebroit la fete des foux." I 
 suppose on the celebration of la Fete des Foux, cards of in- 
 vitation were sent round by the Pontifex Maximus to the Anti- 
 quaries of those days, and I really think, if Mr. Gebelin had been 
 produced at that time he would not have been without hit card, 
 
 with
 
 ( «o ) 
 
 Nor Gillies (h) crying, what shall we peruse, 
 My history's now mere records of the Muse, 
 And trust to Buonaparte's iron pen, (/) 
 The tale of Rome shall be Troy's tale again. 
 
 AUTHOR, 
 
 with a few others, to be distributed among his friends.— Indeed 
 these deliramenta doctrina are sometimes amusing, but in real- 
 ity they are rather a subject of serious regret from their conse- 
 quences on the public mind. There is no end of the absurdities 
 from this source, when we resolve all ancient persons and 
 events into allegories and Egyptian mysteries; till as we have 
 lust seen, Romulus and Remus, the Founders of the Roman Em- 
 Jiire, become (according to Monsieur Gebelin's O? der of Firing 
 after a grand Escoftetterie, or volley, of serpents and stars) trans- 
 formed into Roman Suns; Remus in the Winter^ and Romu- 
 lus in the Summer! — See the proofs above. 
 
 (/) The Rt. Rev. Dr. John Douglas, the present Bishop of 
 Salisbury, Author of the Criterion, and of other acute pieces of 
 reasoning, which will be long remembered and admired. 
 
 (g) Dr. Hallam, the present Dean of Bristol. (1797.) 
 
 (h) Author of a History of Greece-, but I shall say no more 
 than that Dr.Gillies's solicitude is groundless,when he fears that 
 it will be mistaken for the work of the Muses.
 
 ( M > 
 
 AUTHOR. 
 
 No; other thoughts my lab'ring soul employ, 45 
 That springs' anew to long-forgotten joy; 
 I range in Fancy's consecrated round, 
 And meet the poet on a poet's ground, 
 Nor seek historic truth of time and place, 
 But truth of manners, character, and grace. 50 
 
 The Bards, who once the wreaths of glory wore, 
 Cloath'd in translucent veil their wondrous lore, 
 The tales they sung a willing age believ'd, 
 Charm'd into truth, and without guile deceiv'd; 
 Where'er they rov'd, young Fancy and the Muse $$ 
 Wav'd high their mirror of a thousand hues ; 
 They gaz'd ; and as in varying guise pourtray'd, 
 Aereal phantoms hov'ring round them play'd, 
 
 G Gave 
 
 [i) The tremendous conquefts of Buonaparte in Italy and in 
 Germany remind us too much of the words of the Roman His- 
 torian. u Si Captivos aspiceres, Molossi, Thessali, Macedones, 
 Bruttius, Apulius; si pompas, aurum, purpurae, signa, tabulse, 
 Tarentinasqne deliciae." Fior. Lib. 1. C. 18. 
 Part IV.
 
 ( f« ) 
 
 Gave to each fleeting form, that shot along, 
 Existence everlasting as their song, 60 
 
 And as by nature's strength the tablet grew, 
 Rapture the pencil guided as they drew. 
 
 OC TAVI US.. 
 
 Nay, now you soar indeed ; another flight, 
 
 And the wing'd courser bears you from my sight : 
 
 You're strangely mov'd. 
 
 A UT HOR. 
 
 The matter is my own - 3 65 
 I never shar'd the profits of the gown, 
 Nor yet, with Horace and myself at war, 
 For rhyme and victuals (//) left the starving Bar ; 
 
 I never 
 
 (h) This was lately done by an ingenious Gentleman, edu- 
 cated at Eton school, William Boscawen Esquire, a Commis- 
 sioner of the Victualling Office, and (by an easy transition) 
 Translator of Horace. He refigned his gown, as a Counsellor 
 at law, to superintend the public victuals, and to give himself up to 
 the charms of poetry t and at last to present the hungry public 
 
 with
 
 ( '3 ) 
 
 I never Iov'd Dean Dewlap's vacant looks, 
 Or purchas'd empty praise from empty books, 70 
 I leave at sales the undisputed reign 
 To milk-white (hh) Gosset, and Lord (/) Spencer's 
 train ; 
 
 G 2 No 
 
 with Horace's works done into EngUJb verse. The translation 
 has had the usual fate of mediocrity, and therefore I say no more. 
 But it is with particular pleasure that I inform the reader, that 
 Mr. Boscawen, with the most classical humanity, considering 
 the general state of poor Burrifiers and Poets at this un propitious 
 time, has an intention to propose the revival of the ancient 
 custom of the Sportula, to be distributed at Lincoln's Inn Hall, 
 and at the Victualling Office. The qualifications, as I have 
 heard, are these : — That no Barrister be entitled to the Sportula 
 except he can prove by affidavit or certificate from the Clerk 
 of the Assizes, that he has not received five Briefs in his first 
 twelve circuits; and for a Poet, that he has never difposed of 
 twenty copies of any one poem of his own compofing. It is 
 feared, that the applications and certificates will be fo numerous, 
 that from the present increase of Naval and other demands, the 
 kind intentions of the amiable Victualler will be frustrated. 
 
 (hh) Not a bookfelier of reputation in London, Payne, Ed- 
 wards, White, Robfon, Egerton, Faulder, &c. &c. is unacquain- 
 ted with Dr.Goffet's "milk-white vellum books," where he wifhes 
 to make an exchange. The Reverend little Bibliopolifh Doctor 
 Goflet isPrefident at allBookfales in the metropolis.He certainly is 
 a fcholar,andI believe the auctioneer always waits for £// entrance, 
 as the Speaker of the H. of C. waits for Mr. Pitt before public bu- 
 finefs begins. He is Inquifitor General of all editions from the 
 Editio Princeps of the Florence Homer, down to the last edition 
 of Ignoramus. Dodlor Goflet 's /triced catalogues in his oivn hand 
 are faid to be in an uninterrupted feries, except ont. They are 
 
 alio
 
 ( '4 ) 
 
 No German nonsense sways my English heart* 
 
 Unus'd at ghosts and rattling bones to start; 74 
 
 I never chose, in various nature strong, 
 
 Logic for verse or history for song, 
 
 But at the magic of Torquato's strain, 
 
 Disarm 'd and captive in Armida's chain, 
 
 To Godfrey's pomp Rinaldo still prefer, 
 
 Nor care if ranting Wakefield thinks I err. 80 
 
 To HuRD,not (hh\ Parr, my Muse submits her lays, 
 
 Pleas'd with advice, without a lust for praise, 
 
 Fond 
 
 alfo faid to be equal in ufe and value to " The curious collection, 
 " in regular and undoubted (ucctffioa, of all the Tickits of the Js/ing- 
 •* ton Turnpike from it's firft inftitution to the 20th of May inclu- 
 *' five," recorded among the pre/ents made to the Antiquarian So- 
 ciety, when Sir Matthew Mite was admitted Fellow* (Footers 
 Nabob Aft 2.) I believe (but fee the Society's Archaelogia/sr 
 the record) that it took place before the Reverend Mr. Brand 
 was f the reading Secretary, or the Earl of Leicefler the eloquent 
 President of thb Society of Antiquaries. N. B. No 
 perfon is now obliged to make an inauguration fpeech, when he 
 is admitted Fellow of the Antiquarian Society. The President 
 obferved in one of his speeches, that the cuftom ceafed and deter- 
 mined at Sir Matthew Mite's election, as afipeared by the record^ 
 copied by Mr. Foote and inferted in his Nabob. 
 
 (i) The Rt. Hon. Earl Spencer, the munificent, and I may 
 add, the learned collector of every valuable work in literature. I 
 record with pleafure his " Palatine Apollo" that munus Apollir.t 
 dictum! 
 
 f Mr Brand often puts the Antiquarian Society in mind of the famous Epi« 
 
 taph: 
 
 " ObRcADEJl! if that thou canst read, &c. &c.
 
 t '5 ) 
 
 Fond to correct but never to defend, 
 And him, who marks her errors, deems her friend ; 
 With patriot aim and no irreverent rage, 8$ 
 
 Without one stain of party, on the page, 
 From Grecian springs her strength, her art she draws, 
 Firm in her trust, ennobled in her cause, 
 Her moral none, the verse (//) some few disdain; 
 Yet not a note she sounds shall sound in vain, 90 
 
 While 
 
 (bh) See my account of Dr. Parr's style and writings. P. ofL. 
 Part III. p. 181, &c. with the notes. "When the reader has con- 
 sidered the whole, perhaps he may be inclined to say with the 
 comic poet of Athens, 
 
 ririXovro woe KOMITOAAKY€50T mow ! 
 
 Aristoph. Acharn. Sub fin. 
 
 (») George Steevens, Esq. Editor of Shakspare and some 
 other ingenious Gentlemen, whom at present I shall not name, 
 have affected to say, with equal discretion and wit, that my ver- 
 ses are only a peg to hang my notes upon. They are not quite 
 original in the expreflion. Pindar said long before Mr. Steevens, 
 Atto nAISAAOT (poqimyyei Xa^Savs. (Ol. 1.) But Mr. 
 Steevens and Co. rather put me in mind of a story told of a 
 sailor in the late mutiny (April 1797.) aboard the fleet, who 
 after he had undergone rather a severe discipline, and was 
 standing dripping upon the deck, looked up significantly to the 
 yard-arm and said, *' Well, my friends, I think I am now wet 
 enough to be hung up to dry." — So much for George Steevens 
 Esq. and his Brethren, " Gentltmtnofthe Peg-.'*
 
 ( 16 ) 
 
 While Bryant in applause with Baker (k) joins, 
 GiFFORD(/)approves»and Storer (w) loves the lines: 
 Though still, a stranger in the sacred clime, 
 Some say, I love not poetry, but rhyme. 
 
 Offspring of other times ! ye visions old, 95 
 
 Legends, no more by gentle hands unroll'd, 
 Magnanimous deceits ! where favour'd youth 
 Finds short repose from formidable truth ! 
 Oh witness, if e'er silent in your praise, 
 I'vepass'd, in vice or sloth, inglorious days, 100 
 
 But 
 
 (*) Sir George Baker, Bart. Physician to the King, a Gen- 
 tleman of deep and extensive classical knowledge. His situa- 
 tion in life sufficiently declares his prof eflional talents. 
 
 (/) William Gifford, Esq. Author of the Baviad and the 
 Maeviad. 
 
 (m) Antony Storer, Esq. a Gentleman of fortune and 
 fashion, talents and accomplishments. His attainments in lite- 
 rature are various and considerable ; and few men have a nicer 
 fkill in the principles of just and legitimate composition than Mr. 
 Storer. He has read Quintilian with effect, and has drawn his 
 knowledge and judgment from the best writers and critics of an- 
 tiquity and of modern times.
 
 ( '7 ) 
 
 But rais'd for you my firm unalter'd voice, 
 Fancy my guide and solitude my choice. 
 
 Though now no Syren voice be heard, no strain 
 Ascend from Pindus (n) or Arcadia's plain j 104 
 
 No Graces round th' Olympian throne of Jove 
 Bid the nine Virgins raise the chant of love : 
 The harp of Taliessin (0) lies unstrung, 
 Close by the loom round which Death's sisters sung, 
 Unfelt each charm of Odin's magic tree, 
 With many an uncouth Runic (p) phantasy : no 
 
 Though 
 
 (a) I mean by these and several following lines to observe, 
 that the Pagan Fable is now exhausted, and the specious miracles 
 of Gothic Romance have never of late years produced a poet. 
 Perhaps the latter were more adapted to true poetry than the 
 pagan inventions. Witness the sublimer productions of modern 
 Italy. 
 
 (0) A year or two ago proposals were offered by Mr. Owen 
 to publish the works of the Bard Taliessin, but no encouragement 
 could be obtained. Such is the time. 
 
 (/>) Ma. Mathias, (the author of the Essay on the Evi- 
 dence, &c. on the long-disputed subject of the poems ascribed to 
 Rowley in the 15th century, and which I mentioned in a note 
 to the First Part of the P, of L.) several years ago attempted to 
 
 excite
 
 ( i8 ) 
 
 Though now no temper'd lance, no magic brand, 
 
 No Durindana (q) waves o'er fabled land ; 
 
 No nightly-rounding Ariel floats unseen, 
 
 Orjlames amazement o'er the desert green ; 
 
 No wizards hold, some blasted pine beneath, 115 
 
 Their horrid sabbath on the darken'd heath ; 
 
 Say, are the days of blest delusion fled ? 
 
 Must fiction rear no more her languid head ? 
 
 No more the Muse her long-lost transports know, 
 
 Nor trace the fount whence living waters flow? 120 
 
 Awake, ye slumb'ring Rulers of the song ! 
 
 Each in your solemn orders pass along, 
 
 In sacred radiance oe'r your mountain old 
 
 Yet once again your dignities unfold, 
 
 And fill the space; your scepter'd glories claim, 125 
 
 And vindicate the great Pierian name. 
 
 OCT A- 
 
 excite the curiosity of the public to the remains of northern an- 
 tiquity, by a lyrical imitation of some Runic fragments. I wish 
 the example had been followed. 
 
 (f) The name of the sword of Orlando in Ariosto.
 
 ( 19 ) 
 
 OCTAVIUS. 
 
 Are these a poet*s only themes ? T fear, 
 No verse like this will find a patient ear. 
 
 AUTHOR. 
 
 Hear yet awhile :— the dread resistless pow'r 
 That works deep-felt at inspiration's hour, 130 
 
 He claims alone-— 
 
 OCTAVIUS. 
 Who claims ? 
 
 AtJTHOR. 
 
 The favour'd Bard, (r) 
 Who nobly conscious of his juft reward, 
 
 H With 
 
 (r) I mean here to give a character of the Poet, at such, and 
 of the sources whence the art itself is drawn. I would wish 
 to express generally, what Proclus (in one of his dissertations on 
 the HoXirsja of Plato, Ed.. fol. Basil. 1534. p. 430.) would call 
 with a sublime dignity the flaggy Hynrixys e£iv SwXafMrBffay," 
 
 Pak-t IV, when
 
 ( 20 ) 
 
 With loftier soul and undecaying might 
 Paints what he feels in characters of light, J5.4 
 
 Hears in each blast some consecrated rhyme, 
 Trac'd by the spirit of the troublous clime, • 
 He turns : and instantaneous all around 
 Cliffs whiten, waters murmur, voices sound, 
 Portentous forms in heav'ns aerial hall 
 Appear, as at some great supernal call. 140 
 
 Thence oft in thought his steps ideal (s) haste 
 To rocks and groves, the wilderness or waste ; 
 To where old Tadmor's (/) regal ruins lie 
 In desolation's sullen majesty ; 144 
 
 Or 
 
 when the poet exerts his highest faculties, or (in the language of 
 Proclus in the same place) "Orav £v9b(t»«^wv, x«j rais Mniai; 
 xxrcxos <uv, xccra THN IIPfl.THN evepysi KAI EN©E- 
 
 ON riOIHTIKHN." 
 
 (j) I speak of the effect of local situation on the mind of the 
 poet. But if he is deprived of the power of visiting these great 
 and awful scenes of nature, (sometimes assisted and improved 
 by art,) an imagination, bold and fervid, may in some degree sup- 
 ply that want by recourse to the most finished representations 
 of them bythe more sublime painters and artists. Stuart, Wood, 
 and Viranesi may raise ideas worthy of the Poet, and pour upon 
 his fancy all the ancient dignity of Athens, of Palmyra, or of 
 Rome,— I cannot but present my reader with the form of an 
 
 Oath
 
 ( « ) 
 
 Or where Carthusian (v) tow'rs the pilgrim draw, 
 And bow the sou! with unresisted awe, 
 Where Bruno, from the mountain's pine- clad brow, 
 Survey'd the world's inglorious toil below ; 
 Then, as down ragged cliffs the torrent roar'd, 
 Prostrate great Nature's present Gopador'd, 150 
 And bade, in solitude's extremest bourn, 
 Religion hallow the severe sojourn, 
 
 To him the Painter gives his pencil's might j 
 No gloom too dreadful and no blaze too bright, 
 What time to mortal ken he dares unveil 155 
 
 The inexpressive form (a*) in semblance frail, 
 
 Hz To 
 
 Oath on such a subject from the last classical Poet under the ex- 
 piring monarchy of France, the famous Delisle. I am as ready 
 on thi* subject, as himself, to swear at the high altar of the Musts : 
 " Heias ! jt n'ai point face sejour enchante, 
 Ces beaux lieux ou Virgile a tant de fois chante ; 
 Mais j'en jure et Virgile et ses accords sublimes, 
 J'trai : de i'Apennin je franchirai lescimes, 
 J'irai, plein de son nom, plein de.tes vers nacres, 
 Les lire aux memes lieux qui les ont inspires. 
 
 Les Jardins L. 1. 
 
 (/) He built Tadmor in the Wilderness." Chron. B. z. ch. 8. 
 v. 4. It is remarkable that Mr. Wood observes, that the natives, 
 at this day, call Palmyra by the original appellation of Tadmor. 
 
 (<v) The famous monastery, called ** The Grande Char- 
 treuse." The retirement of Saint bruno. 
 
 (#) The Pictures of the Supreme Being by Raphael and Mi- 
 chael Angelo. There is one picture of the Supreme Being 
 separating the light from the darkness, in the Vault of the Ca- 
 pella Sestina in Rome, by Michael Angelo which, I believe, 
 
 has
 
 C 22 ) 
 
 To the strain'd view presents the yawning tomb, 
 
 Substantial horrors and eternal doom, 
 i 
 
 To Him the pow'rs of harmony (y) resort, 
 And as with random glance and fiercer port ' i6q 
 He scans th' ethereal wilderness around, 
 Pour on his ear the thrilling stream of sound, 
 Strains that from full-strung chords at distance swell, 
 Notes breathing soft from music's inmost cell, 164 
 While to their numerous pause, or accent deep, 
 His choral passions dread accordance keep. 
 
 Thence musing, lo he bends his weary eyes 
 On life and all it's sad realities ; 
 Marks how the prospect darkens in the rear, 1 69 
 Shade blends with shade, and fear succeeds to fear, 
 Mid forms that flit through the malignant gloom, 
 Till Death unbar the cold sepulchral room. 
 
 Such is the Poet : bold, without confine, 
 Imagination's " charter d libertine" (z) 
 
 He 
 
 has never been engraved. Mr, Euseli, I think, said so when I 
 enquired about it. I allude also to the picture of the Laft Judg, 
 ment,. by the fame Master. 
 
 (y) The power of Music on the mind of the Poet. 
 
 (z.J «« The air, acbarttiedlibcrtint, is still.** 
 
 Shakspere. H. V.
 
 ( *3 ) 
 
 He scorns in apathy to float or dream 175 
 
 On listless Satisfaction's torpid stream. 
 But dares alone in vent'rous bark to ride 
 Down turbulent Delight's tempestuous tide ; 
 While thoughts encount'ring thoughts in conflict fierce 
 Tumultuous rush, and labour into verse, 180 • 
 
 Then, as the swelling numbers round him roll, 
 Stamps en th' immortal page the visions of his soul, 
 
 OCTAVIUS. 
 
 Nay, if you feed on this celestial strain, 
 You may with Gods hold converse, not with men; 
 Sooner the people's right shall Horsley [a) prove; 
 Or Sutton (aa) cease to claim the public love, 186 
 And e'er forego, from dignity of place, , 
 His polish'd mind and reconciling grace; 
 
 Sooner 
 
 (a) I allude to Bishop Horsley's intemperate and unadvised 
 speeches in Parliament. An injudicious friend is worse than aa 
 enemy. I believe Mr. Pitt thinks so. 
 
 (aa) Dr. Charles Manners Sutton, Rishop of Norwich. A 
 Prelate whose amiable demeanour, useful learning, and concili- 
 ating habits of life particularly recommend his episcopal 
 character. No man appears to me so peculiarly marked 
 outfor the highest ©iGNiTvbf the church, stde vacante, as 
 Da. Sutton,
 
 ( 2 4 ) 
 
 Sooner Stentorian [aad) Davies 6-<w.r/r to talk, 
 And for his Eton leave his Bond ftreet walk ; 190 
 
 Or 
 
 (aaaJThe Rev.JonathanDavies D.D. Provoft of Eton College; 
 a learned, pleafant, generous, open-hearted, good-tempered man, 
 but rather too much of a Stentor in conversation : 
 
 ^Tcvropi Eiinx/AEvos (AtyaXyropi y.a>.Y.cOfpeuva>, 
 
 Oc row (xvowoutk'OZON AAAOI nENTKKONTA. 
 
 Hom.il. 5. 
 
 Mr. Provost has an invincible partiality for the charms of 
 London, whenever bit duty does not oblige him to beat his Lodge. 
 The reafdn is fimple. The air at Eton bites fhrewuly, in London 
 it fmells wooingly, &c. &c. &c. 
 
 Extra£t from a M.S. found in Long Chamber at Eton, the 
 hand writing conjectured to be by Dr. Heath the Head 
 Mailer, and one of the Affiftants. It was found on one of 
 Mrs. Heath's Ball- Nights during Lent, given to the Lau~ 
 torum Pueri for the advantage and credit of the School. 
 
 N. B. Etok School; like many other great and useful 
 
 public chools, stands in need of many new and strong regula- 
 tions, which the interest of this kingdom and the' nature of the 
 times call for with a voice not to be disregarded by the masters 
 and governors. It is not to be dissembled, (it is my office to speak 
 openly and boldly) that Boys now actually divide themselves 
 into political farties. There js indeed a general licentiousness of 
 spirit among modern boys, which the public good requires to be 
 repressed. It is not by a false and specious liberality that this 
 evil is to be subdued. If masters and governors are firm and 
 inflexible in their regulations, what can the children do ? I laugh 
 at the idle apprehension of rebellion in a School. If I were the 
 Master of Eton, Iwouldbegin by the abolition of the montem 
 immediately. Jt is very improper, and very foolish. There is a 
 meanness and sometimes an audacity in this authorised mode of 
 collecting money on the highway which I wonder young Gentlemen 
 of birth and family are not ashamed of, and can even ivish to con- 
 tinue. It is something between alms and plunder. Harrow 
 school has no longer it's ancient and dangerous custom of 
 *' shootingfor the silver arrow."— I mention the abolition of The 
 montem (tho. gh it occurs but once in three ycars)only as an in- 
 troduction to many other salutary and necessary restrictions in 
 all public Schools. I have seen the nature of a rebellion (as it 
 is called) in a college and a school, and nothing can be more 
 foolish and impotent. If the Parents, Friend?, and Guardians 
 co-operate with Masters of Schools and Colleges, what can chit- 
 d>en and young men ultimately effect, when it is considered, by 
 what laws and hopes their future interest and advancement in 
 life are bo.und-in,cabined,and confined? The majority of such petty 
 
 Re vol u*
 
 ( *5 ) 
 
 Or Warren (£) in his well-curv'd palm confound 
 An ancient guinea with a modern (£i>) pound ', 
 Sooner one Prelate hate th' unequal glass, 
 And round (d) his table let the Claret pass ; 
 
 O'er 
 
 Revolutionists and embryo Democrats are always restrained in a 
 Jbort time, and their successors never feel the absence of what 
 they never expected. Let every Master of a College and a pub- 
 lic School boldly and vigorously and instantly adopt thj words 
 ar.d spirit of Cicero to his friend Atticus. u In qua Ego naetus, 
 ut mihi videbar, locum resecand^ libidjn.s etcoercend^: 
 juvENTt/TiSjVehemens fui er omne!profudi vires animi atque in- 
 genii mei, non odio adductus abcujus sed spe reipuhlica? corrigenda 
 et sananda civitatis. Afflicta est Respublica !* — Cic. Ep. 
 ad Attic. L. i. is. 18. I hope this note will be regarded nuith the 
 attention it deserve, from the public. 
 
 (b) A learned and able Physician of the time. M The ixell 
 curved palm" is the attitude of a modern physician, when he is 
 about to leave his patient, and which he as naturally closes upon 
 his fee as a lobster does his claw. As I have a high respect for 
 the Medical art, I will gratify Dr. Warren. and many other 
 ingenious gentlemen of the profession with an Extract from 
 one of the Elogia written by Sammarthanus; it relates to a phy- 
 sician whom he names M*reuottus. " Recorderis Marescottum 
 " nostrum tria se sacrae artinostrae (Medicse fcilicet)debereprofes- 
 " sum, quibus caruisset si propositum a parentibus sacerdotium sufce- 
 " pisset; scilicet, sanitatem athleticam zetatisanno 8amo, centum 
 " aureorum miilia, atque intimam innumerorum illustrium amiciti- 
 •■ am." Sammarth. Elog. p. 83 and 4. — N.B. Though the Doctor 
 rejected the proposi turn sacerdatium for himself, yet his Brother my 
 Lord of Bangor was made into a Bishop by fraternal skill in the 
 reign of Lord North. — Since this note wasfrst printed, the public 
 have lamented the lofs of this acute and very learned physician. 
 Dum loquimur &C. &C (July 1797.) - 
 
 (bb) This allusion was evidently made since the 26th of Feb. 
 1797, soon after which the Bank issued the One pound notes, to 
 the great disquiet of the faculty. 
 
 (d) "Siccat in<rqua/esca\iQesCon<vi<va Sacerdos."lt is well known 
 ly the Clergy of a powetfiU diocese, that on public days when the 
 Claret or'Burgundy arrives at a certain distance from the top of the 
 table, where my Lord is eated, the attracting power suddenly 
 draws the bottles across the tabL. When avarice, pride, and 
 meanness act upon th< mind at once, I leave it to the metaphyfi- 
 cians to determine the curve in which it moves.— I say no more*
 
 ( 26 ) 
 
 O'er Jus true church the crafty St. Pol (<?) sleep, 195 
 Or bounds with Heretics John Milner (/) keep ; 
 
 Or 
 
 (e) The Bishop of St. Pol de Leon, to whom the chief care of 
 the public largess of this kingdom to the French Emigrants 
 saoed and profane is committed. See the portrait of his Catho- 
 lic Lordship in the public print shops of London. It is impos- 
 sible to doubt the apparent propriety of the epithet I have given 
 him, if we only glance on the portrait. — I refer the reader to 
 all my notes on the Roman Catholic cause, in the Third Part of 
 the P. of L. It is indeed true that the Popedom is now fallen ; 
 but the spirit cfit, I still maintain, is neither extinct nor asleep. 
 l5y way of Contrast, I cannot refrain from presenting to the rea- 
 der the picture of Pope P^.ul the Fourth, as drawn by the' 
 master hand of Paolo Sarpi. I will not injure the sublimity and 
 force of the language by a translation. He well knew the court 
 and the policy of Papal Rome, and they knew him. " E'ben 
 cosa certa, que Paolo, come quello che era d'animo grande e 
 de' vasti pensieri, teneva per sicurodi poter remediare a tutti i 
 disordini per la sola sua. autorita pcntijfcale, ne riputava di aver 
 bisogna in cio di Principe ale una ; solito di non parlar mai con gli 
 Ambasciadori,/* non intonandcgli nelle oreccbie che egli era sopra' 
 tutti gli Principi ; che non voleva che alcuno d'essi domes- 
 ticasse seco, che poteva mutar i rtgni, che era Successor di Chi 
 ha deposto Re et Imperadori." 1st. del Concil. Trident. I ib. 5. 
 This picture of a Pope, in the plenitude of pontifie power, should 
 be presented to all Christian Countries " in perfetuam ret mimo- 
 " riant," that they may contemplate what this spiritual tyranny 
 and usurpation once were, and what the principles of the Romish 
 Church sacred and political (which never change in essence, sub« 
 stance, or spirit under any calamity) will at all times naturally 
 introduce, whenever they obtain their full operation. •' Vbi 
 Papa, Hi Roma /" in ssecula sseculoruml Let England look to 
 tltis.
 
 ( * ) 
 
 Or Wilberforce range lawless through the town ; 
 
 I Or 
 
 (/) To the revival of the Roman Catholic Cause in Great 
 Britain, " Testis era <vi*'ens." In our dread and natural horror 
 of Atheism and of anarchy, why are ive to revive supersti- 
 tion and tyranny ? I have nothing to do with the emancipa- 
 tion of the Catholics in Ireland, but to my apprehenfion it is a 
 meafure full of danger. It is at one ftroke to alter the fundamen- 
 tal law and constitution of the country. I writein Great Britain, and 
 direct my thoughts for this kingdom, wishing for peace, tran- 
 quillity, and union between the two Islands. — I have given more; 
 time and study to this Roman Catholic subject than any man per- 
 haps, at this time, will think it deserves. I have perused many 
 a dull and uninteresting tract, even of their own squabbles 
 among one another, much to the loss of my own quiet. In 
 general I pass them over and consign them to their own dul— 
 Bess. But there is one pamphlet, not for any even the least 
 excellence of the composition but for the virulence of its spi- 
 rit, which I call into public notice, if the public will or can 
 feel upon the subject. It is entitled *' A Reply to the Report 
 published by the Cisalpine Club on the authenticity of the 
 Protestation at the British Museum, Sec. Sec. by the Rev. 
 John Milner," Printed for Coghlan, Duke Street, Grosvenor 
 Square. 1795. It is written, as the title page informs me, by one 
 John Milner, a Provincial Priest resident (as I am told) at 
 Winche;ter, not an emigrant, nor in the King's House (while 
 the Priests lived there en masse,) but the priest of a private chapel 
 in that city. He seems by his writings, (I know no more of him) 
 to be of the most intolerant principles and dtliberate in the ap- 
 plication of them. He exhibits at once the extremes of nercenefs 
 and of impotence. But he represents the opinions of a very 
 large portion of their body by whom he is accredited. He is 
 very cautious in this pamphlet, as he thinks, but his caution 
 speaks plainer language than the frankness of the most open de- 
 claration. " It is apprehended (he says) that the publication of 
 
 Part IV. " the 
 
 /" 
 
 /
 
 ( 28 ) 
 
 Or Mingay be the glory of his gown; 
 
 Or Erskine cease from impotent grimace, 199 
 
 And his appeals to (g) God, his prime disgrace ;. 
 
 Or 
 
 •* the facts in question might prove detrimental to the Catholic In- 
 " terest (observe the words) on any future application to the Lt- 
 " gislature.'''' p. 36. We see this wary prieft has not thought 
 proper to conceal that they have further intentions. He tries 
 the ground before him, but his steps are uneasy. The indulgence^ 
 it seems, is not to rest here. The lenity of our government na- 
 turally leads to other demands. With this clue in my hand, I have 
 little difficulty to pass through the intricacy of this Romish laby- 
 rinth. In another part of Mr. Milner's " Reply," his indig- 
 nation rises against fome expressions in the declaration of the 
 Catholics. We see the embers under which the fire is not yet 
 extinguished. He is afraid nve Protestants should think that the 
 spirit of his church has suffered an abatement. " Thus to my 
 *' judgment (he cries out) am I and the whole Catholic Body, <with- 
 " out confentingto it, pledged in the face of the Legislature to 
 '* condemn the wars of Charlemagne, and the Crusade againft 
 " the infamous Albigenses." p. 28. I hope we are all 
 children of mercy, trained and educated in the benevolence and 
 charity which Chrift has taught and enforced, and if we have 
 read the hiftory of that infernal and murderous perfecution of the 
 devoted Albigenfes, (whofe chief crime was their determined op- 
 position and resistance to the Papal tyrannyf ) what opinion or 
 what comment fhall we form on this merciless Prieft, who after 
 the lapfe of centuries, feels the fame paffions and the fame third of 
 blood against these innocent victims of popifli and arbitrary vio- 
 lence. Crimine ab uno disce omnes ! 
 
 f The Albigenfes were a fc<£t of the Waldenfes, who had their rife in the 
 rwclfth«ntuiy. I know what tht metfjet of their enemies has fuggefted 
 
 sgainft
 
 ( 2 9 > 
 
 Or one mean cause the virtuous (h) Scott maintain* 
 
 Turn law to trade, or deem religion vain ; 
 
 Or (/'/) Rose with coy submission, modest grace, 
 
 Rise to explain his sinecures and place ; 
 
 Or smirking Abbot from old statutes rest, 205 
 
 And his self-consequence with law (/) digest ; 
 
 Or the Bank bow to Pitt's imperial creed; 
 
 Or Dramatists to public trust succeed. 
 
 Nor think, a Poet's name I lightly prize, 
 Taught by the muse and by her wisdom wise ; 210 
 I 2 But 
 
 fg) Nothing can be more offenfive, more injudicious, and in 
 fome inftances more profane, than when a Barrister a/ifieals to God 
 for the truth of every affertion made in a court of law, and in 
 many cafes when the facts have been doubtful, and fometimes 
 have been afterwards proved to be falfe. I call this a prime dis- 
 grace; and I hope no Barrifter of ability will follow this flippant 
 rafh habit of Mr. Erfkine, in -the Court of King's Bench, which 
 we have all fo repeatedly witneffed. Mr. Erskine's own better 
 sense and serious thought will restrain him in future. But pubi 
 Jic men must be told of their faults publicly. 
 
 (h) Sir John Scott, Attorney General. 
 
 (H) George Rofe, Efq. Secretary to the Treafury, &c. &c. 
 &.C. &c. &c. 
 
 (/) Charles Abbot Efq. M.P. the new Digejter of the Jaws and 
 the propofer of fome ufeful regulations. The Profeffion are afraid 
 he will cut too clofe in his Reports to Parliament. The little 
 flirewd Senator will fmile and lmirk, if he is told fo. I would 
 by no means difcourage or depreciate the labours of a fcholar and 
 
 a very 
 
 againft them. Thre is not a place to difcufs hiftovy, but I refer the ffatefman. 
 to Thuanus L. i. S. i6. Vol. i. p. 221. Ed. Buckley. N.B. For their con- 
 feffion of faith, which was prefented to King Francis the Firft^by the wretched 
 remnant of thefe Aibigenfes, I refer the theological and political reader to 
 Sandius's Hift. Eccles. It is an honour to their religion. Sandius's words 
 begin. u A. 1544. Merindoliajii et Capraricnses &c. cxiftentefque Rdiauiet 
 jQlbigenfium sequentcm fidei fuae confeffionem obtulerunt Francifco I. Regi 
 Galliae, quam a majoribus quafi per manus acceperant, abhinc anno poft 
 Chrifti Jncarn : iaoo," fcc, §and Hift, E, p. 423.
 
 < 3° ) 
 
 , But in the wane of Empires (mark the hour) 
 Vice and the sword consolidate all pow'r ; 
 Laws pass their (k) bounds -, few statesmen stand 
 
 erect ; 
 All in their country's name, themselves protect ; 
 The Constitution sounds in every speech, 215 
 
 The words an insult, and each act a breach ; 
 The public hopes with public credit sink— 
 At such an hour, when men to madness think, 
 
 f What is a Poet, what is fiction's strain ? 219 
 
 Junius (/) might probe a Nation's wounds in vain. 
 
 As 
 
 a very fenfible man ; but I recommend to him the attentive pe- 
 rufal of " The Memoirs of P.P." Clerk of the Parifh (of St. Ste- 
 phen's) who «« with the fweat of his hands did make plain aud 
 smooth the dogs ears throughout the great Statute Book, &c.&c." 
 
 (i) The violence, sedition, and daring wickedness of times 
 hke these produce the necessity of extending laws and regulations, 
 and acts which are declared temporary^ and called for by that 
 • necessity alone. When the danger is passed, the Constitution 
 is again left to protect itself by it's ancient laws, if that dan- 
 ger can nvw or ever pass from us. This is what Octavius 
 seems to mean, by '* laxvsjbassing their bounds," &c. in this and 
 the following lines ; and in this sense I hope he will be understood. 
 
 (*') O magna sacer et superbus umbra ! 
 
 Stat. Sylv. L. 2. Carm. 7. 
 Junius told the nation, that " a time might arrive, at which 
 14 every inferior consideration must yield to the Security of the 
 
 "So-
 
 ( 3' ) 
 
 As from a diamond globe, with rays condense, 
 
 'Tis Satire gives the strongest light to sense, 
 
 To thought compression, vigour to the soul, 
 
 To language bounds, to fancy due controul, 
 
 To truth the splendor of her awful face, 225 
 
 To learning dignity, to virtue grace, 
 
 To conscience stings beneath the cap or crown, 
 
 To vice that terror she will feel and own. 
 
 But if in love with fiction still, at court 
 Present in verse some new Finance Report, 230 
 How taxes, funds and debts shall disappear, 
 Or in the fiftieth or five-hundredth year. 
 Or tread the maze of picturesque delight, 
 From Hoi wood paint with Pitt the prospect bright; 
 Without one " line of boundary " to speech, 235 
 The summit of conceit with Gilpin (m) reach; 
 
 la 
 
 " Sovereign, and to the general safety of the State." In- 
 troduct. to Lett. 35. This is not the doctrine of Home Tooke 
 and the desperate French factions and seditious societies now in 
 England. — Junius had not so learned the Constitution of Eng- 
 land ; nor has the Author of the P. of L, fo learned it.
 
 C 3 2 >/ 
 
 In Desolatmis dread partitions felt, 
 With dip and bole> grand masses^ burst and belli 
 With shudders tremulous explore your way, 
 Through plashy inundations {mm) led astray, 240 
 
 Till tir'd and jaded with the coxcomb strains, 
 Homeward you steal " through Surrey's (n) quiet 
 lanes/' Renounce 
 
 (m) I am under the necessity of making a strong remonstrance 
 against the language of Mr. Gilpin's writings on Landscape and 
 the Picturesque. It is such a sartago or jargon of speech as is 
 wholly unnecessary, though we aie taught to believe them appro- 
 priate terms. They absolutely appear in troops. Dijis— Boles- 
 Grand Masses- ^Belts-Bursts— tremulous Shudders— Jilashy Inunda- 
 tions—partitions of desolation — continents of Jirecijiice — and a hundred 
 more,till the English language sets allEnglish meaning at defhnce. 
 Thefe terms are not the fiarce detorta of Horace, but mere jargon 
 and foolish affectation. Dilettanti and Connoisseurs almost 
 blush to use them. A term or word may not be quite obvious 
 or easy, yet it may not be affected. But the rage of Concetto ad- 
 mits no " line of boundary," as thefe gentlemen love to talk. 
 To use the words of Shakspeare in one of his own plays, as it now 
 seems, (for Dr. Farmer and George Steevens, Esq. take from him 
 ana give to him just as they //lease) ** They absolutely make a 
 battery through our defenceless parts." Pericles Prince of Tyre, 
 Act. 5. Sc. 1. — Simplicity in language is first to be sought. 
 Strength and dignity will follow. Government, the arts, morali- 
 ty, and religion, are all concerned in it's preservation. Mr. Gil- 
 pin's works on other subjects have and deserve high approbation. 
 In all but the picturesque he seems as ready as any man to say, 
 •• State svjicr vias antiyuas."
 
 C 33 ) 
 
 Renounce all Gilpin's jargon, said or sung, 241 
 And talk of Nature's works in Nature's tongue. 
 But still keep Method. 
 
 AUTHOR. 
 
 Method ? 
 
 • ■ - :\x 
 
 OCTAVI US. 
 
 Yes: 'tis plain, 245 
 Connection, order, method you disdain : 
 You write when in the humour, scarce exact, 
 The thoughts disjointed, nor the sense compact; 
 'Tis Conversation, not by rule and book, 
 I wish you would attend to placid (0) Cook ; 250 
 
 From 
 
 (w«) Jtiglkt, " Fens.'* 
 
 («) " Stealing through the quiet lanes of Surry," is an easy 
 and happy expreffion (cur non omnia?) of Mr. Gilpin's. Ob- 
 servat. in the Lakes of Westmoreland, Sec. Vol. 2. p. a68.
 
 ( 34 ) 
 
 From science A to science B proceed, 
 
 I hate your zig-zag verse and wanton heed. 
 
 AUTHOR. 
 
 Your counsel's good : I'll lock it in my breast, 
 Like Mansfield, I ne'er enter (//) my protest : 
 
 But 
 
 (0 See a late Poem called "Conversation" by W. Cook 
 Efq. — I have read this poem a fecond time, and upon r^-confide- 
 ration, it appears to me ufeful and written in a gentlemanly style, 
 didactic,temperabe,and by no means inelegant in the verfe or the 
 compofition. An attention to the precepts, however felf-evident, 
 is too much neglected. We all are fond of the converfation of the 
 table, or as Lucian happily calls it the <t>i"hixs //-ecrm; Tpx7T£^x t 
 the o$£i\c/aew} XTto7Mvais. * The leaft honour I fhall do to Mr. 
 Cook, is to drink his health in my fober cups, and fuccefs to 
 his focial endeavours to promote regulated pleafantry and the 
 manners of a gentleman. 
 
 (Ji) The great Lord Mansfield Chief Jullice of the King's 
 Bench, and his nephew the late very learned {ci-devant) Lord 
 Stormont, made a rule never to enter a proteft on the Journals of 
 the Houfe of Lords, 
 
 ♦ Lucian. Op EpwTEf- P- 571. Edit. Bourdelot,
 
 ( 35 ) 
 
 But say, a simple story shall I tell? 255 
 
 A man of method is the theme. 
 
 OCTAVIUS. 
 
 'Tis well. 
 
 AUTHOR, 
 
 There liv'd a Scholar (q) late, of London fame, 
 A Doctor, (r) and Morosophos (s) his name : 
 
 K From 
 
 (q) When I am very particular in the defcription of a charac- 
 ter, I abftain from giving the leaft hint of a real name. "Qui s ra- 
 piet ad fe quod erit commune omnium ?"or in Le Sage's language, 
 " quifefera connoitre mal a /irojios ?" I only give this as A Charac- 
 ter, and fay no more. 
 
 (r) The word and title of" Doctor" is miferably abufed. 
 Erasmus long ago in an Epiftle from Louvain in 1520 to the ce- 
 lebrated Cardinal Campeggio, obferved with fome indignation, 
 " Undt Doctor i s titulo gloriantur, «//? ut doceant? Erafmi 
 Epift. Ed. Lond. Fol. p. 65a. I wifh, this were written in large 
 characters over the door of the theatre at Oxford and the Senate 
 Houfe at Cambridge. 
 
 Part IV.
 
 ( 3« ) 
 
 From all the pains of study freed long since, 
 
 Far from a Newton, and not quite a (/) Vince ; 260 
 
 In metaphysics bold would spread his sails, 
 
 And with Monboddo still believ'd (v) in tails; 
 
 At anatomic lore would sometimes peep, 
 
 And call Earle (*) useful, Abernethy (y) deep J 
 
 With 
 
 (}) Hforofojihos. Stulte fapiens. — But more prefently of Dr. 
 Morosophos, the Man of Method. 
 
 (t) A learned and ufeful ProfefTor of Natural Experimental 
 Philofophy at Cambridge. See his works. 
 
 (v) All the learned world knows how Lord Monboddo believed 
 and ftill believes, that men had once tails depending from the 
 gable end of their bodies, fuppofing them to^o upon all fours. 
 N.B. Dr. Johnfon defines the gable end to be rt the slo/iing roof of 
 a building," and he gives a pleafant inftance from Mortimer's 
 Hulbandry. *' Take care that all your brick work be covered 
 &c. without gable ends, which are very heavy, &c." 
 
 (x) James Earle Efq. Senior Surgeon at St. Bartholomew's 
 Hofpital, and Editor of the celebrated Percival Pott's Works. 
 I have been informed that the notes which Mr. Earle has added 
 are valuable ; nor would I pass in silence th« treatifes he has given 
 to the world in his own name, the refult of extenfive practice and 
 accurate obfervation.
 
 ( 37 ) 
 
 With Symonds and with Grafton's Duke (z) would 
 A Dilettante in Divinity ; 266 [vie, 
 
 K 2 A 
 
 (y) A young Surgeon of aa accurate and philofophical fpi-- 
 ric of inveftigation, from whofe genius and labours I am led to 
 think, the medical art and natural science will hereafter receive 
 great acceflions. 
 
 (zj The Duke of Grafton, the Chancellor, and John Sy- 
 monds, L.L.D. Profeflbr of Modern Hiftory in the Univerfity 
 of Cambridge, have both attracted the public attention by their 
 various Hi$ts and Obfervations on Subjects of Scripture. — I will 
 alfo offer a remark or two, which are ncx to me, on a paffage in 
 St. Paul's Epiftlcs, if another Layman may be heard with indul- 
 gence. There is no particular conjecture as to the peculiar 
 meaning or force of the following paflage of St. Paul in the Se- 
 cond Epiftle to Timothy. " 77/.? Cloak which I left at Troas 
 bring with thee, and the books, but efpecially the parchments." 
 Ep. 2. C. 4. v. 13. I would hint, that this Epiftle was written 
 from Rome when Paul was brought before Nero the fecond time. 
 Eypaipy) alio P&)/xr,j, ote ek ^eursps •Ktx.pzvrn YlavKo; rw Kaitrapt 
 Nepww. In the 22d Chapter of the Acts, Paul was tenacious of 
 the privilege of Roman Citizenfliip, and it proved of much ad- 
 vantage to him before the Centurion. It may be, and it is, a 
 matter of mere conjeflure, whether he might be required to prove 
 himfelf a Citizen of Rome, when he was to make his defence. 
 Thefe parchments (/xe^Cpavat) might contain fome docu- 
 ments, or be a deed or diploma of fome confequence to the mat- 
 ter in queftion. But as to the Cloak, there is fomething more 
 particular. The Cloak in the original, is OaAwy^, or OaiAowj, 
 which is undoubtedly a corruption for <I>»<vs?,r!c, and it is fo read 
 
 in 
 
 300965
 
 '( 38 ) 
 
 A special clerk for method and for plan, 
 Through science by the alphabet he ran. 
 
 4 
 
 He 
 
 in the Codex M.S. Bibliothecae Caefareae Viennenfis. Q>xivo\ri; 
 was grecised from the Roman word Panula. This is no more 
 than was done frequently in other languages and in other coun- 
 tries. Particularly when the feat of Empire was transferred 
 from Rome to Byzantium, the lawyers of the Imperial Courts 
 were obliged to grec'ue many terms of law ; as <i>joYjxc//,- 
 pu(rcrap<a; for fidei commij/arios, FttuSt-ov for refiudium, (as in this 
 paffage, " EyAoyw; -h <yvvn ro Pettb^ov arzi'hzis' xtA." Jus- 
 tinian. Novell. S2.) KrjvcrevEJV, for Cenfere, EljTrso'iTov, for Ex/iedi- 
 tum or Ex/ieditio, xo^Ttfo^i<r<To\ for comftromijfum, and other words, 
 as may be feen in Du Frefne's and other Lexicons, but in par- 
 ticular in a most Angular and fcarce Glossary by Meurfius.* And 
 in the Eaft, before the acceffion of theHoufe of Timour, the Ara- 
 bian language was prevalent in Hindojlan, when the Hindoo 
 Rajas had Communication with the Mahommedan princes ; and 
 it is remarkable, that the Arabian language is ufed techni- 
 cally in the Code of Gentoo laws. Ch. 2. S. 3. U That 
 is a woman's property, during the Ayammi Shaddee" which 
 is the Arabic term for the Days of man iage. The trial of Ma- 
 horajah Nundocomar for forgery before the Supreme Court of 
 
 Judi- 
 
 * ** Joannis Meurfii Gloffarium Giacco — Barbarum, in quo praeter vocabu- 
 Ja quinque miilia quadringenta,Officia atqHie Dignitates Imperii Conftantinop. 
 ram in Palatio, qmm in Ecclefia »ut Militia explicantur et illuftrantur." 
 "£Sgd. Bat. 1614.
 
 ( 39 ; 
 
 He took, not e'en in thought inclin'd to rove, 
 
 A wife for regularity, rrot love; 270 
 
 Judicature in Bengal, will furnifh many Angular inftances.— 
 But to return to the OaivoAr,,- or Panula. I would obferve that 
 w"hen the Roman ftate degenerated into a monarchy, many Citi- 
 zens laid afide the Toga and wore the Panula, or the Lacerna in 
 it's ftead. Auguftus highly difapproved of this change in their 
 drefs. He was, as Suetonius informs us, indignabundus, and gave 
 orders to the iEdiles on the fubjecl : " Negotium iEdilibus de- 
 dit, ne quern pofthac in foro paterentur,nifi pofitis lacernis, toga- 
 tum confiftere." Oftav. C. 40. But the Panula was ftill worn. 
 As the Panula was fo fjieci fie ally a Roman garment and worn 
 only by Romans, St. Paul might wifh, as a flight confirmation 
 of his point, to fhew what was his cuftomary drefs. It may be 
 remarked, that the Panula was a veftment, which the- Romans 
 generally wore u/ion a journey. Juvenal obferves in Sat. 5. " Multo 
 ftillaret Panula nimbo," and St. Paul says, that u he left it behind 
 him at Troas." — This is only written as a mere literary remark to 
 hint, that in the minuteft paflages of the Scriptures there 
 may befome meaning; and that nothing can be fo contemp- 
 tible as a foolifh and a profane ridicule on any passage in 
 the facred writings, founded on ignorance. The prefent re- 
 marks are intended as a matter of fome little curiofity. But I 
 think there is no paffage in the Hebrew or Greek Scriptures 
 which will not at laft admit of such an illuftration or explanation, 
 I mean fihilologically or critically, as may put to filence the ignorance 
 of foolifh men. Much general information is to be obtained from 
 Harmer's valuable and fatisfaclory Obfervations on the Scrip- 
 tures, collected from Voyages and Travels in the Eaft ; (four 
 volumes 8vo.) and from " Letters from fome Jews to Mr. Vol- 
 taire."
 
 ( 40 ) 
 
 A little architect in all his schemes, 
 
 Some say he had a method in his dreams. 
 
 Fond of his ease, his Travels were at home, 
 
 And Lum'sden(tf)taught him to converse of Rome : 
 
 On Sundays at Sir Joseph's (b) never fail'd, 275 
 
 So regular, you might have thought him bail'd - y 
 
 With 
 
 taire." A man of real erudition, who merits the efteem of 
 his fellow-creatures, conflantly keeps his knowledge, his reafon, 
 and h\s Jirudence connected indiflblubly, or as it is well exprefled 
 by a philofopher, Ev auva.pfji.oya aZicc'hvTu xccra. Xoyov apj<rrcv. 
 Plat. Timce. Locr. de anim. mundi. Plat. Op. Edit. Serrrani 
 Tom. 3. pag. 95. 
 
 (a) That ingenious and learned gentleman, Andrew Lumis- 
 ben, Efq. F.A.S. Edinb. has fince that time taught us all in the 
 moft agreeable fcholar-like manner. See " His remarks on the 
 Antiquities of Rome and it's Environs, being a clafiical and topo- 
 graphical Survey of the Ruins of that celebrated City. "410.1797. 
 It is a pleafing and most judicious performance of a Gentleman 
 who appears to have enjoyed the united advantages of foreign 
 travel, fludious leifure, and polite company. 
 
 (B) Sir Jofeph Banks, Bart. Knight of the Bath, President 
 of the Royal Society, Privy Counfellor, &c. &rc. has inftituted 
 a meeting at his houfc in Soho Square, every Sunday evening, 
 
 at
 
 ( 4« ) 
 
 With Jones a linguist, Sanscrit, Greek, or Manks, 
 And could with Watson play some chemic pranks; 
 Yet far too wise to roast a diamond {bb) whole, 
 And for a treasure find at last a coal. 280 
 
 Would sometimes treat, was liberal of cash, 
 (Not your damn'd (c) dollars, or Bank-paper trash) 
 
 Then 
 
 at which the Literati and men of rank and confequence, and 
 men of no confequence at all, find equally a polite and pleafmg 
 reception from that diftinguiflied Gentleman. Sir. Joseph 
 Banks is fitted for his ftation in the learned world not more from 
 his attainments and the liberality of his mind, than by 
 his particular and unremitted attention to the intereft and ad- 
 vancement of natural knowledge, and his generous patronage of 
 the Arts. 
 
 (bb) The ingenious Mr. Tenant has (hewn, in a paper read at 
 the Royal Society, that he can reduce a Diamond by evaporation 
 t$ Charcoal. I hear Mrs. Haftings and other great pofTefTors 
 of diamonds have a kind of Tenanto-fthobia, and arefliyofthis 
 gentleman. Ajzoor Poet, likemyfelf, who has neither diamonds 
 nor any thing precious belonging to him, can only remind Mr. 
 Tenant and the R&yal Society of the old proverb, " Carbonem 
 fiwThefauio." 
 
 (c) This verfe was evidently written after the 26th of Feb. 
 1*797, a ^ ter ^ e 0f de/ of Council was fent to the Bank of En- 
 gland,
 
 ( 4* ) 
 
 Then talk'd, like Indian (d) Rennell, rather long, 
 And would at times regale you with a song, 
 But seldom that ; in music though a prig, 285 
 
 The little Doctor swell'd and look'd so big; 
 Nay to Greek (e)xiotzs would trill a Grecian ode, 
 In diatonic kind and Lydian'mode, 
 
 And 
 
 gland, when the whole nation was made to pafs though the jiil- 
 lars of Hercules. 
 
 {<?) Major James Rennell, the great Geographer of India, 
 6 7rocw. A gentleman to whofe accuracy and extent of know- 
 ledge this country is confiderably indebted. But this has no- 
 thing to do with his converfation, 
 
 (e) Dr. Morofophos, the man of method, was rather trouble- 
 fome to his friends on this Subject 0/ Greek Mufic. He wilhed to 
 pafs for another Meibomius. But there is ftill reafon to think 
 that he never faw the three hymns to Calliope, Apollo, and Ne- 
 mefis, printed with the Greek mufical notes to which they were 
 sung, at the end of the Oxford edition of Aratus in 1672 by Dr. 
 Fell, or the more accurate copy of thefe hymns in Mr. Burette's 
 Memoire on this fubjecl:. Memoires deTAcademie des Inscrip- 
 tions Tom. 5. — Dr. Morofophos knew but little of the fyftem 
 of the Lydian Mode in the diatonic genus. There is alfo 
 reafon to think that he knew as little, as Bifliop Horlley, of the 
 IlpocrA,a/xCavc/x6vcj, the Yxar-n i57T»rwv,or the UccpirTraTn /Aetrwv, 
 &c.
 
 ( 43 ) 
 
 And then with Burney, as his nt grew warmer, 
 Con vers 'd of Stentor the great (/) throat -performer. 
 Banks (g) gave him morning lessons how to dress, 
 And Morgan (h) whisper'd courage and finesse : 
 A Poet too he was, not very bright, 
 Something between a Jerningham and (/) Knight ; 
 He dealt in tragic, epic, critic lore, 295 
 
 With half, whole plans, and episodes in store, 
 Method was all; yet would he seldom write, 
 He fear'd the ground-plot wrong, or — out of sight. 
 
 L At 
 
 (f) " Stentor is celebrated by Homer as the most illustrious 
 throat-Jieiformer of antiquity." Burney's Hift. of Mufic 4to 
 vol. 1. p. 340. 
 
 (g) Sir Jofeph Banks, Bart. &c. I fpeak only of " Morning 
 habiliments." 
 
 (h) Maurice Morgan, Esq. an ingenious writer, author of 
 the pleafant Extravaganza on the Courage of Sir John Falftaff. 
 Mr. M. is known to his friends by the name of Sir John. In 
 his politics, he is of the Lansdown School. 
 
 (i) R. P. Knight, Esq. author of " The Progress of Civil 
 Society," which he calls " a Poem," 
 Part IV.
 
 ( 44 ) 
 
 At last the Doctor gave his friends a work! 299 
 (Not verse, like Cowper, or high prose, like Burke,) 
 Chambers abridg'd ! in footh 'twas all he read, 
 Froin fruitful A to unproductive Zed, 
 
 OCTAVIUS. 
 
 What then ? for ever (hall we wildly stray, 
 
 And pluck each hare-bell in the flow'ry way, 
 
 Or void of judgment, fire or critic force, 305 
 
 Stoop to each golden apple in the course ? 
 
 I never can with argument dispense j 
 
 Pope gave the verse, but Warburton (k) the sense. 
 
 / 
 
 AUTHOR. 
 
 'Tis true; by plan and syllabus (/) confin'd, 
 Knight thus composes first the reader's mind; 310 
 
 To 
 
 (k) Oflavius is right in fome degree. The commentary of 
 Warburton on Pope's moral Poems is peculiarly valuable, and 
 explains many feeming inconfiftencies. Pope thought fo him* 
 felf.
 
 ( 45 ) 
 
 To rouse attention is the poet's art, 
 
 Knight calls to sleep, and acts a civil part, 
 
 Save to his view when foul Priapus (m) rose, 
 
 He wak'd to lust, in stimulating prose. 
 
 But though that Garden-God forsaken dies; 315 
 
 Another Cleland (;/) see in Lewis (0) rise. 
 
 L 2 Why 
 
 (I) Par classes et par titres t 
 Dogmatizer en vers et rimer par chapitres, 
 
 Boileau Sat. 8. 1 15. 
 
 (m) Concerning Mr. Knight's Treatise on the Worfhip of 
 Priapus, in addition to what I before faid (P. of L. Part I. v. 
 134. Note (§■) I fhall offer the fpirited words of Clemens Alex- 
 andrinus, from his Aoyor UporpcTrrtKo; eir ra; ExXwar or " Ad- 
 monitio ad Genfes:'" " 'Txvtx vpuv m; '/iSvrrxQsixs rx apxervirx, 
 xuto.1 rut vQpsus oil 0EoXoy/ai, aurxi ruv oviATropvsvovTuv vi^m 
 ©awv xi SiSxmtxXixi' — T[xvi<jkoi,)ixi yvpvxt xo^a«,xajMOPinN 
 ENTA2EI2 rxis ypxfyxic, x-Koyvixva^zyxi : — Hrxipmzv w/txiv 
 rx corx, 7rsnopv£ux.z<riv hi o$9x'kiAot 1 xi o\|/ctj [A£[Aci%zv>tx<rt. CI 
 £.x<tx[azvoi tov xyQpwxov i x.xi ToevQaovrg irXaff/xa-TW eXeyxei XTtxp- 
 %xjth\ xtX.— "Clem.Alex.Edit. Commelin. 16 16, P.30.&C— I 
 nowdifmifs this odious Treatife on Priapusyjw ever.— N.B.The 
 learned reader will recolleft that Clemens Alexandrinus 
 lived in the third century under Alexander Severus and Cara- 
 calla, was a native of Athens, and that the famous Origen flu- 
 died in his school.
 
 ( 46 ) 
 
 Why sleep the ministers of truth and law ? - 
 Has the flate no controul, no decent awe, 
 While each with each in madd'ning orgies vie 
 Pandars to lust and licens'd blasphemy ? 320 
 
 Can 
 
 («) John Cleland, author of lt The Memoirs of a Woman of 
 Pleafure." 
 
 (0) M.Lewis, Efq.M.P. author of " The Monk a Romance." 
 in 3 Vol. (V0I.2. Ch. 6 and 7.) See my Obfervations at length 
 in the preface to thisFourthPart of the P.of L.pag.ii.andiii.— The 
 publication of this novel by a Member of Parliament is in itfelf Jo 
 ftrlous an offence to t fa public, that I know not how the author can 
 repair this breach of public decency, but by fupprefling it him- 
 fclf.* I will give Mr. Lewis an extract from the ninth Book 
 of the Hiftory of Procopius, called the Hijloria Arcana of the 
 Emperor Juftinian and the infamous Theodora. The words 
 are thefe. 
 
 ** AXKo re /xo» evJeivrjQar Tcspiixv-nixovsuaxi rube ru AnQpanru qv¥ 
 oTioyv oi/xxi. ' A7T0iVra yocp aura rex, rrts -^uyjris 7ra9in htos ccv 
 afyoyrfsws arifxrivoci Siapxcos em. Ettei oans aXoynaxs rvw V7tsp 
 rut 'TtzTrpa.yyavuv ryv aiay^uvnv, ax. uxafyo'i rois ivrvyyjx,wui 
 Q^sXupog (pamaQai, rsru Srj ao^/Ata TtocpavofAixg a.rap7tos ol-Qxtos* 
 AXXa rw avouSeiuv aei ru iaetgjttv TrpoCs^Xyj/w-EVos, pSiarcx, re xoci 
 ubzvi 7rovw ec, rm 7rf>oc%em rac, (/.tapurarxs ^copei." Procop. Hif- 
 tor. Arcan. Lib. 9. p. 46. Ed. Fol. Lugdun. 1623.— I wifti Mr. 
 Lewis may read and profit from this paflage. 
 
 * Or Mr. Lewis might omit the indecent and blafphcmous paflages in 
 another edition ; there is neither genius nor wit in them, and the work as a 
 eompofition would receive great advantage. I wim he may at lcaft take 
 this advice.
 
 ( 47 ) 
 
 Can senates hear without a kindred rage ? 
 Oh may a poet's lightening blast the page, 
 Nor with the bolt of Nemesis in vain 
 Supply the laws, that wake not to restrain ! 
 
 Is ignorance the plea ? since Blackstone drew 325 
 The lucid chart, each labyrinth has a clue, 
 Each law an index : students aptly turn 
 To Williams, Hale, judicious (//) Cox, and Burn; 
 Obscenity has now her code and priest, 
 While anarchy prepares the dire Digest. 330 
 
 Methinks as in a theatre I stand, 
 Mark vice with folly saunt'ring hand with hand, 
 
 With 
 
 (/t) Samuel Cox Efq. of the Court of Chancery, the Editor 
 (at his leifure hours) of the Reports of Peere Williams. I am 
 not very converfant with Jirofejfional law books, but a learned 
 perfon mewed me Mr. Cox's mode of illuftration, and defired 
 me to confider it. I reallythink.it feems as a model for all 
 future Editors of Reports of former years. This plan is evi- 
 dently the mode of a moft judicious underftandingand of a well- 
 read Lawyer. — Tranfeat in exemplum!
 
 ( 4» ) 
 
 With each ftrange form in motley masquerade 
 Featur'd grimace and impudence pourtray'd, 
 While virtue, hov'ring o*er th'unhallow'd room, 33$ 
 Seems a dim speck through sin's surrounding gloom : 
 As through the smoak-soil'd glass («) we spy from far 
 The circling radiance of the Sirian Star, 
 Faint wax the beamsx if strong the fumy tint, 
 Till the star fades, a mathematic point. 340, 
 
 Sure from the womb I was untimely torn, 
 Or in some rude inclement season born, 
 The State turns harsh on fortune's grating hinge, 
 And I untaught to beg, or crouch, or cringe; 
 For me the fates no golden texture weave, 345 
 
 Though happier far to give than to receive: 
 Yet with unvaulting sober wishes blest, 
 Ambition fled with envy from my breast; 
 
 For 
 
 (n) '* If the eye gtafs be tincted faintly with the fmoke of a 
 '* lamp or torch to obfcure the light of the ftar, the fainter 
 " light in the circumference of the ftar ceafes to be vifible, 
 ** and the ftar t if the glafs be fufficiently soiled with fmoke) ap- 
 " pears fomething more like a mathematic point." 
 
 Newton's Optics. Prop. 7. Theor. 6.
 
 ( 49 ) ^ 
 
 For friendship form'd, in yon starr'd fields above 
 
 My Saturn's tempered by the beam of Jove. 350 
 
 1 cannot, will not, stoop with boys to rise, 
 
 And seize on Pitt, like Canning, (////) by surprise, 
 
 Be led through Treasury vaults in airy dance, 
 
 And flatter'd into insignificance. (0) 
 
 1 cannot, will not, in a college gown, $5$ 
 
 Vent my first nonsense on a patient town, 
 
 Quit the dull Cam, and ponder in the park 
 
 A six- weeks Ejiic, (ft) or a Joan of Arc. 
 
 1 leave 
 
 (nn) As pofterity may know little of this young Gentle- 
 man, I fhall add, that Mr. Canning was firft an Eton boy, 
 then wrote a little book of Efiays, went to college, was then 
 made M.P. and after fome tuition and inftru&ton from the ac- 
 compliflied George Rofe, Efq. &c. &c. &c. made one of the 
 Under Secretaries of State. (1797.) 
 
 (0) '* Pcffimum genus inimicorum Laudantes.''' Tacit. I know 
 no man more qualified to be a Commentator on Tacitus than 
 theRt. Hon. William Pitt. 
 
 (yi) Robert Southy, author of many ingeniau? pieces of poe- 
 try, of great promife, if the young gentleman would recollect 
 what old Chaucer fays of poetry, 
 
 " 'Tis every dele 
 A rock of ice and not of A eel." 
 
 He gave to the public a long quarto volume of epic verfes, Joan 
 
 of
 
 ( 50 ) 
 
 I leave these early transports, and the calm 
 Complacence, and the softly trickling balm 36© 
 Self-consolation sheds ! more sweet than all 
 Burke felt in senates, or Impeachment's Hall ; 
 Borne to that course, where thund'ring from afar 
 The great Auruncian (q) drove his primal can 
 
 E'en now, when all I view afflicts my sight, 365 
 All that Home Tooke (a) can plot, or Godwin (/>) 
 write i 
 
 Now 
 
 of Arc, written as he fays, in the preface, in tut weeks. Had 
 he meant to write well, he fhould have kept it at lead fix years. 
 «— I mention this, for I have been much pleafed with many of 
 the young gentleman's little copies of verfes. I wifh alfo that 
 he would review some of his Jirinciftles. 
 
 {q) Lucilius, the founder of Satire among the Romans, is- 
 stiled by Juvenal (Sat. 1.) the " Magnus Auruncae alumnus." 
 He was a native of Auruncaa town of ancient Latium in Italy. 
 
 (a) Mr. Home Tooke, in the conclufion of his "Diversions 
 ofPurley," makes an apology for applying himfelf tofubjefts 
 so trivial as grammatical difcuflions, in the year 17&6. He 
 ufeithe words of an Italian poet, which are very remarkable, 
 though they never have been much noticed. 
 
 " Perche altrove non have 
 
 Dove voltare il vifo, 
 
 Che gli e stato tnterciso 
 
 Mosti ai con altre IMPRESJJ ahra viriude" 
 
 The
 
 ( « ) 
 
 Now when Translation to a pest is grown, 
 And Holcroft to French treafon adds his own, 
 When Gallic Diderot in vain we fhun, 
 His blafted pencil, Fatalist, (as) and Nun ; 370 
 
 M Whea 
 
 The hour was however approaching, when his countenance was 
 to be turned to otha thoughts, and he was to difplay other ta- 
 lents which had almoft flept fince the time of Junius. At the 
 blaft of the French Revolution, he awoke from grammatical 
 slumber, and found that other enterprifes awaited him. We 
 have traced his proceedings till his trial at the Old Bailey for 
 high treafon, Nov. 4, 1794. His filans were unfolded, and 
 though he was acquitted, and " Execution was not done on 
 Cawdor," yet it is not impossible that hereafter, after his de- 
 ceafe, some honeft chronicler may be found, 
 
 " Who will report (in private) 
 
 That very frankly he confefs'd his trea/ons, 
 Implor'd his country's pardon, and fet forth 
 A deep repentance." (Macbeth.) 
 
 Till that hour arrives, I mall wait for the continuation of his 
 grammatical refeaiches, which are promiied to the world, with 
 the celebrated wish of the Satirift, 
 
 Ut vellem his Jiotius nugis tota ilia dediflet 
 Tempora S/Eviti^e ! 
 
 From the abilities and uncommon erudition of Mr. Home 
 Tooke I dread much, and from the calmness and mildness of 
 his conversation I should apprehend perhaps more. But as I 
 thinkTHK whole Kingdom is fully, and deeply, and solemnly, 
 and unalterably impressed with the nature, the malignity, the 
 extent, the influence, and the terror of the grand Revolution- 
 ary Principle, and the desperate fury of Reforming societies, 
 and embodied factions, I trust Great Britain and her Ministers 
 will never suffer the arm of justice and vigilance to remit or to 
 relax it's energies. 
 
 {b) See my account of this weak and contemptible writer, 
 William Godwin, and his Political Jujlice, in Part III. of the 
 P. of L. — See alfo a future note in this part of the Poem. 
 
 Part IV.
 
 i 5* ) 
 
 When St. Pol (r) sounds the sacring bell, that calls 
 His Priests en masse from Charles's ruin*d walls; 
 When Thelwall, {d) for the season, quits the Strand 
 To organize revolt by sea and land ; 
 Now, when our public vessel, as it rolls, 375 
 
 Is left to Miles, John Gilford, or John Bowles; (e) 
 
 When 
 
 (aa) The names "of his pofthumous novels, tranflated for" 
 
 our benefit. 
 
 (r) The Bifhop of St. Pol. de Leon, to whom the care of 
 the French Emigrant priests is committed en majje. The rea- 
 der may recollect they were maintained in the old manfion built 
 by Charles the Second at Winchefter. — The reader may be fur- 
 prifed, but he will find by the papers laid on the table of the 
 Houfe of Commons, on the 21ft of December, 1 796, that no lefs 
 a fnm than 540,0001. was iflued in one year for French priefts 
 and Emigrants, facredand firofane. — See the Preface to the P. of 
 Xi. Part IV. — Hear again the titular Bishop of Waterford the 
 R. R. Dr. Hussey in his Pastoral letter to the Catholic Clergy 
 in his diocese, (London 1797, reprinted by Coghlan No. 37, 
 Duke Street, Grosvenor Square). Speaking of the total Repeal 
 of the Popery Laws in Ireland, he warns those who ofifiose it in 
 these terms. *' The vast rock is already detached f 10m the 
 " mountain's brow, and whoever opposes it's descentand removal, 
 " must ee crushed by his own rash endeavours /" pag. 10. Is 
 the common sense of England andof Ireland drunk? Or if it hath 
 slept, will it not now awake ? Can any man say that the political 
 spirit of the Roman Catholic Religion is extinct, that it is dead, 
 that it is dying ? This titular Bishop warns us plainly enough. 
 He has rocks and mountains at command in his cause, and all 
 the powers of nature in their gigantic admeasurements appear 
 at his great bidding. 
 
 Ocrcav £7r' OuKvixitci} /xs/L/.arr#.v 6c/xev, ainocp st' Ocnr*i 
 lltrikiov saoaiipuXKov, W OTPANOS a^QotToq sir t ' — 
 
 KAI NT KEN EEETEAE22AN! (Horn. Od.L. xi.) 
 {d) This indefatigable incendiary and iniffionary of the 
 French Propaganda, John Thelwall, has now his Schools of Ream 
 fan in country towns, &c. &c, Tlepio-<rw<i e^/Aaivo/AEVO?.
 
 ( 53 ) 
 
 When Barristers (/) turn authors ; authors (g) prate ; 
 Charles Fox allegiance dares to calculate, 
 And with his sulph'rous torch relumes the pile 
 With unaverted {h) face, and ghastly smile ; 380 
 
 M 2 Wherr 
 
 (t) Mr. W. Miles, Mr. John Gifford, and Mr. John Bowles. 
 Writers of a very different chara&erin private and public life. 
 I believe I have been mi/under flood in this reffiett. I never 
 ranked them in the fame clafs i though I have placed them in the 
 same line. So did Pope; " Not with the Burnets, 01dmixon6 
 and Cooks." No man ever conceived that Bifhop Burnet 
 could be claffed with Oldmixon. This was mere political 
 prejudice in Pope — / have neither prejudice no?- partiality. 
 Whatever I know of Mr. Miles, I diflike and often deteft, but 
 I do not always diflike his writing, and his information is not 
 unfrequently accurate and important in the present .ftate of 
 public affairs. Mr. Gifford is fometimes f/iirited in his reply- 
 to Mr. Barrifter Erfkine, and juft in his remarks; but as a 
 writer I think him deficient; he seldom knows tulien to have 
 done. But if he will attend, he may improve, even into excel- 
 lence. I read his work and confefs myfelf both obliged and 
 grateful for it. The intentions of Mr. Bowles and his love of 
 order and government have always had my commendation.—" 
 An anonymous writer indeed of political ability and of no 
 common eloquence gave to the public, •* Considerations on 
 •' the state of public affairs at the beginning of the year 1796." 
 Owen Piccadilly. It is much to be regretted that this 
 author never continued his labours. But my ftrohosition is this. 
 The Public have never feen a full, perfect, sufficient, and 
 energetic vindication of the Great Caufe in which Great 
 Britain and her Allies have engaged, delivered to the country 
 under the known aufpices of the Minifter by a man of talents, 
 eloquence, and knowledge. Surely it was a dignus Vindice 
 nodus. I am of opinion, it was Mr. Pitt's duty; I am fure it was 
 his intereft and the intereft of us all. At prefent we appeal to 
 fads intelligible enough, whose eloquence cannot millead. 
 We cannot all hear the Minister's fpeeches in the H. 
 of C. It will, I fear, be faid to Mr. Pitt rather significantly at 
 fome time hence, *' Had you done fo, Tuque tuis armis, nos te 
 poteremur Achille.'' Ov. Metam. L. 13. v. 130. 
 
 (/) Mr. Barrijler Erfkine. — See move of him and his pam* 
 phlet on the French war in a future note. 
 {£) I re f er t0 the Houfe of Commons.
 
 ( 54 ) 
 
 When Transatlantic Emigrants can roam 
 But to return, and praise our (hh) English home ; 
 
 Now, 
 
 (h) In ancient times among the Romans, when the public 
 minifters of funeral obfequies fetjire to the pile, they turned afuie 
 their faces, 
 
 Triste minifterium, fubjeclam more parentum 
 Averfi tenuere facem. (Virg. Mn. 6.) 
 
 Not Jo the Right Honourable Charles James Fox! 
 
 As Mr. Fox loves Greek, I will give my opinion of Mr. Fox's 
 tongue and eloquence in Greek. I fhaJl then fay of it— 
 WYXcvtrax irvg, r> QKoyi^xo-x rov rpo%ov rvi; ysvetrea'j-, xai (pXo- 
 yifyiAEvn tnvo tyis Teswr/y, axxTxay^zrov xxxov, y.zar'n ih Qxvx- 
 rr,<poptt. If Mr. F. would attend to this Greek Author, he might 
 learn the xoCKm avxtsro^r), and the •npcLvrnc, co$ix;* Even Mr. 
 Fox may poffibly read •what I fay. — • As Mr. Fox is now (June 
 1797) studyingMv. Gibbon's Hiftory, he will find many an in- 
 itruftive leflon for his public condud. Mr. Fox, / knoits can- 
 not always confirue Mr. G's Englijh, and is in the habit of con- 
 futing his friends oa the meaning of many paflages and senten- 
 ces ; but without much fuccefs. That pleafant companionable 
 Gentleman Ma. Dudley North M. P. for Banbury will con- 
 firm what I fay.f I always feel an intereft in Mr. Fox's ftudies, 
 whether he is reading Gibbon, or culling simples on St. Ann's 
 Hill with Afpafia, or poring on the Odyfley, in lamentation 
 Over his departed friends in the H. of C. in the old Bard's lan- 
 guage, 
 
 Apvvixsvo! yv T£ %|/y%»)v xx\ NoffTov JLrcctpuVy 
 AXX'aS' £; Erapaj £pputrxro t leptEVo; 7rep. Od. Li, 
 But his EraifOi or Friends are faid to have left him only on one 
 
 account; 
 
 ■f Perhaps Mv. Fox' may understand aod construe the following sentence 
 •from th< lumimui Historian. " An aspiring candidate may be tempted t» 
 " buiid hit grtatnttt tin th? public confusion, but it is the interest as well as the 
 fi Jut y of the Soverkic.s to maintain the authority if the ia-ws." Gibbon, 
 V0I.7, p. So. E4.8YQ,
 
 ( 55 ) 
 
 Now, when the French defend us (/) in disgrace, 
 
 French swords, French fraud, French priests, and 
 
 French grimace; 
 
 When England changes arms — at such a view 3S5 
 
 Mufl I find method \ verse, and patience too? 
 
 My verse, the thunder of a Patriot's voice, 
 
 Cries loud to all who England make their choice, 
 
 " Throw wide that portal; let no Roman wait, 389 
 
 " But march with-Priestley through the^wWgate."(£) 
 
 OCTA- 
 
 account; his good humour and ability having never forfaken 
 him. The account is this, deep, fliort, and full : 
 
 " EtT2» TfOlYiUSpOV TTToXiiQcov S7Tsp<J"£." 
 
 Od. 1. 1. v. 2. 
 (hh) See Mr. Cooper of Manchester's Account on his return 
 from America, and the Letters of some wandering Journeyman 
 Weaver or Carpenter, I forget which, &c. Sec, " Impudent 
 liqu-i pa trios Penates , &c" 
 
 (1) I allude to the French Emigrant Regiments, enrolled in 
 the Britijh army. Surely this is a meafure of government un- 
 wife, unaccountable on any found principle, a project of defpe- 
 ration, as one would think. Is this a time for EngUJhmen to fay, 
 Mutemusclypeos, Danaumque hijignia nobis 
 Ajitemus. (Virg. JEn. 2.) 
 
 (k) "Through the dextral gate !" — My allufion is this : In 
 ancient times, the moft frequented roads to the city of Rome had 
 double gates. They who came into the city palled through the 
 left-hand gate; and they who went out of the city took the right- 
 hand gate. See Nardini Roma Antica, L. 10. c. 9. When 
 Pliny, in his Natural Hiftory, in the Chapter de Roma y Lib. 3. 
 c. 5, is fpeaking of the gates of the city, he fays,- that twelve of 
 
 the
 
 C s* ) 
 
 OCT AVIUS. 
 
 Talk thus, e'en Horsley shall applaud : proceed 
 
 AUTHOR. 
 
 The tears that Britain dieds, her wounds that bleed, 
 Call for a fost'ring hand, the balm of Peace, 
 Not styptics, which the sanguine tide increase, 
 
 Such 
 
 the thirty seven gates should only be numbered once (semel nuvte* 
 
 rarij ; the expreffion is odd, but it alludes to fvich of thole 
 
 gates as were double in this fenfe. This was not unknown in 
 
 other Italian cities. The Porta de' Borfari at Verona (in the 
 
 opinion of the Marquefe Scipio Maffei, Verona Uluftrata, 
 
 Part 3) was in reality a twin or double gate, though it has been 
 
 miftaken by fome antiquaries for an arch of triumph — N. B. 
 
 In times like the /irefent, I would ntver fiut thofe double gates in any 
 
 city, when the turbulent, difcoutented, and factious wifli to 
 
 retire into foreign parts. We all remember, that Sir Arthur 
 
 Hazelrig, John Hampden, and Oliver Cromwell, being ready to 
 
 Jail for America, were stopped by order of Council ! Hume's words 
 
 are very ftrong and remarkable in this lefluring age. " They 
 
 (i. e. Hampden, Hazelrig, and Cromwell) had lefolved for ever 
 
 *' to abandon their native country, and fly to the other extremity of 
 
 " the globe, where they might enjoy ledures and difcourfes of any 
 
 " length or form that pleafed them." Mr. Hume adds, very fig- 
 
 nificantly, " The King had afterwards full leifure to repent this 
 
 " exercife of his authority." Hume's Hut. Vol.6, p. 311, 
 
 Ed. 8vo. 1773.
 
 C 57 ) 
 
 Such as State-quacks, or Barristers expose 395 
 
 For fame and sale, and sleeping might disclose : 
 In state affairs all Barristers are dull, 
 And Ersjcine nods, the opium (I) in his skill. 
 
 Saw'fl 
 
 (/) Erfkinc— Mr. Barrifter Erlkine \s famous for taking opi- 
 um ia great quantities, (I have often heard him fpeak in praife 
 of it) and if he proceeds in this manner, it is apprehended that 
 his faculties will die of too large a dofe, of which there are many 
 fymptoms already. Mr. Barrifter Erlkine has informed the pub- 
 lic, that he has not the talents of a (latefman^ which, in common 
 with the kingdom at large, I readily admit as part of my politi- 
 cal creed ; though it is fo very plain, as hardly to be an article 
 of faith. In his \2Xtflimfy andpuerile " View of the Caufes and 
 Confequences of the prefent French War," he comes forth to 
 the public y.xKoc ao^iiTtaaj; xai aoQccpw;, to ufe an expreflion 
 from Themiftius, but I cannot (tile him in the words of that 
 orator, before the Emperor Conftantius, as Arv^a (totpxc Quant 
 (j.sTc'ftov, r Lojcv upxviov, 6xej9ev SoQhv rot; rriSs sis £7npcsXsjav. 
 (Themift. Orat. p. 3.' Ed. fol. Harduini, 1684.) I pofitively 
 will not translate this Greek, either/or the Barrister himself or 
 the country members, or the worthy electors of the town of 
 Portfmouth ; but I shall leave it to be rendered faithfully by the 
 Reverend Dr. Parr, or Mr. Barrister Erskine's language maf- 
 ter. Indeed in this age we require nothing but, what we call, 
 eloquence ; though the term is miserably abused. But such 
 as it is, eloquence in the political world is like charity in the 
 Christian character, without it a man is counted dead. How- 
 ever, in ancient times, in one particular there was a great and 
 essential difference from the present. Perhaps it may not be 
 without ufe to hint or remind some folks , that in Greece and 
 
 Athens,
 
 ( 58 ) 
 
 Saw'st thou, (or did my troubled fancy dream ?) 
 High o'er yon cliff, in majesty supreme, 400 
 
 Vengeance 
 
 Athens, " apud Greciam, in the opinion and triumphant Ian- 
 " guage of Cicero, De Orat. L. 1. quae semper eloquentije 
 u princeps esse voluit, atque illas omnium doctrinarum in- 
 u veniricesAt//enas,'m quibus sumnta dicendi vis et invents est 
 " et peffecta ;"in Greece and Athens, I say,Orators andBar- 
 risters were never permitted to make any epihgus or peroration 
 whatsoever in the courts of the law, or in the senate. " Epi- 
 •* logos iLLr mos civitatis abstulerat," says Quintilian; (L. 10. 
 c. 1.) and from whom? From Demosthenes. On which 
 passage the learned Turnebus observes, " Non llccbat Athk- 
 " nis affectum ?novere ac tie Ejiilogo quidem uti;" and yet De- 
 mosthenes appeared under this restriction. What think, you, 
 "Mr. Barrister Erskine? Have you ever read his pleadingsyj>r 
 the Crown, or against Midias, or Flzpi TlapaTrpso&eias? How fay 
 you, Mr. Barrifter ?— Mr, Erskine is always helozv his natural 
 tize, when he speaks in the House of Commons. I have too 
 .often disliked the manner and the matter. But as he confesses 
 fiimself no Statesman, he should have spoken with more modesty 
 and deference on political subjects to those who are confessedly 
 statesmen In the esteem of the country. I will leave in Mr. 
 Engine's ear the words which Demosthenes thundered against 
 Androtion..' It cannot however be supposed for a moment that 
 1 can mean to compare a Gentleman of distinction like Mr. 
 Erskine, with such a being as Androtion. I only give the 
 word.; and Dr. Parr may translate them if he pleases. 
 
 Ej avSpotnoSojv r, YloTuc, aXKot [ay> rm xp%ziv trepan ahwrm, 
 fr'pcoXciyiiTO cjvaj., hx a* co Avtye; AQvivaioi, ras uQpst; wexeaQe 
 rocs Thth, ocixocroc rrw ocyopeev pGft^zv, Gocov ev roue exxXvvtxt:, 
 
 E7TI TW t7!/A«T0f, %a\HS XXI EX ^wXwV XXXcoV iXVTH GeX'IHS XXI E.Jt 
 
 " (Domosth. Orat. Kxrx Avcforuovo;. Gr. Edit. 
 Benen. 1570. pag. 398.) In
 
 ( 59 ) 
 
 Vengeance his attribute, (and, as he trod, 
 The conscious waves roll'd back!) the passing God, 
 That shook old Ocean's empire? from beneath 
 Strange threat'ning notes in hollow murmurs breathe 
 Hoarse through the deafen'd shrouds ! But hush'd 
 
 the blast, 40^* 
 
 The t.ridext is cokfirm'd: the dream is past .(m) 
 
 Oh, strong against ourselves, and rafhly bold ! 
 No voice, as in the Hebrew fane of old, 
 From Britain's center to her utmofl bounds, 
 From parting (n) angels in sad accent sounds: .410 
 
 N Paine 
 
 In concliifion, I recommend to all perfons who have 
 an itch for writing or fpeaking, in public or in private, from 
 Mr. Barrifter Erikine down to Mr. Dent and his dogs, 
 to ftudy with care the following pafTage from Lord 
 Shaftefbury, in his " Advice to an Author." The words v 
 thefe : " Where the harm would be of fpendingfome difcp^.' 
 " and bellowing a little breath and clear voice purely upon ^ ' 
 " I cannot fee. We might peradventure be left »/ ,. , • . e j 
 " profitable in company, if at convenient time |/ WJ v i"a vo*ce 
 " fome of our articulate found, and fhoke to ^ J -p. • „„♦;„:' 
 .. 1 ...»•- 1 ' .t> ^r. i. ihis anticipa- 
 
 " when alone. Advice to an Author, >^ r • ■ o „„„:„/* ,u„ 
 . c J., ., it jJer prefcnbes againit the 
 
 ting remedy of Soliloquy the noble zp^ r „ ,.° . 
 difeafe called « The Lepxo.y^ ^oyENCB, which is no w 
 a Britifh Epidemic. Mr. ^er Erikine, as I j have been i, - 
 
 formed, has been u»der^">™ /°- * 5 Inn In 
 feet, and a Onmi^e of Fhyficians and Surgeons (ap- 
 pointed bv^eB-ufe) who have examined Mr. Erfkine's 
 cafe and >' ie ftate of his blood ' haver^wWitas their opinion, 
 thar\b* " Leprofy of Eloquence," with which he is infeaed, 
 i s J*e the Leprofy of Naaman, the Syrian, that it will cleave to 
 bmfor ever, except he rigidly adheres to Lord Shaftfbury's an- 
 ticipating remedy of Soliloquv, and abftains from fpeaking in 
 all places but in the Court of King's Bench.— Illafe jactct in 
 aula JEolus! 
 Part IV.
 
 ( <o y 
 
 Paine may blaspheme, and Tooke and Thelwall 
 
 mourn, 
 
 Our Ark's as yet by hallow'd hands upborne ! 
 
 I too 
 
 («) Thefe lines were written and inferted here at the latter 
 end of the month of May, 1797. 
 
 Proh dolor I Imperium Pelagi s^evique Tridentis 
 Cui nunc forte datum ! 
 A patriotic poet may be, I hope, in this instance-prophetical: 
 " The Dream is paft." 
 
 (n) I truft that Great Britain \sjet firm, and that the guar- 
 dians of her laws and conftitution will ftand bold, undaunted, 
 and with deliberate valour. My allufion in the verfe is this. 
 After the profanation of the Temple at Jerufalem, under 
 the Roman Emperor Titus, we read (it is recorded by their 
 own Historian) that the voices of guardian angels were heard 
 at the dead of night, crying out through it's inmoft recefles, 
 MsraCcavw/xiv Evr£y9sv, " Let us depart hence!" See the Se- 
 venth Book of the Jewifli War, by Josephus, pag. 1282. Edit. 
 Hudfoni Oxon. I recommend the perufal of the whole of that 
 wonderful fe£tion (Cap. 5. L. 7.) The Hiftorian, in fomc 
 ^rts of it, is fcarcely inferior in fpirit, language, and fublimity, 
 "" r -hylus himfelf. Surely at this moil awful hour when, 
 
 ** tempted to fay, the moral and the natural world feem 
 to be breakii. . , . „ , , _ 
 
 „ «-up together, when the molt powerful European 
 
 ltates and popnlo. °. , . .-./, . 
 
 r r cities have been convulfed or overthrown, 
 
 can we hear, without ».„ fc ' \. , • , , • , 1 
 
 et emotion and without a kindred 
 horror, what the Hiftorian v. ,. t . „ „ „ ., 
 
 'is the *' rwptaotwv Tay/xar^v 
 ccXakxy^o; crufx^spoixsvcov, the ruv v * 
 
 f- T r >~ > »>- lwv ^ra(rixo^ U y Ttifi xcu eidypu 
 
 xnt^W.jytfy,? Can we r, nl unmoved, (W 
 faauxi wbXso;, «r' Evrpow*) (MpAr**; ! A^ w ^pa^ ^ vot XCCI 
 pcE/xworej £j S oJyp/xjJj xxi xpxvynv svrcvwccv. Ivwxjh j. lTS 
 Tleipzix xxi rx Trepi* opn, Sxpvrcpxv rowrx tw bp/jw. T« 
 QopvQu to {IccQn QoGspurspx ! xr?.."— I will make no apology 
 for presenting the learned reader with this parage, as Longinus 
 
 would
 
 ( 6i ) 
 
 I too will call, loud through the gathering storm, 
 Godwin (o) and Volney, (/i) ruin and reform ; 
 
 N 2 The 
 
 would say, " Ouru [AsyxXoi hi Xoyoi*xxi s[/.GpiQsii xi snaixt. 
 oXov cw/xarjov ^pixfjcxrixcv xzi svccywvtov." (Sect. 9. deSublim.T 
 I expect his thanks and not his cenfure, if he is worthy to read 
 it. 
 
 (0) Godwin. — »* Ecce iterum Crifpinus!" and I wim I 
 need not proceed with the line, " Et eft mihi saepe vocandus 
 u in partes, Monftrum nulla virtute redemptum." — In my 
 note (p) of Part III. of the P. of L. v. 177, 1 thought I had 
 taken leave of William Godwin ; but he has again obtruded 
 himfelfupon the public, and I, as one of the public, (hall give 
 a few remarks on his late book, called " The Enquirer; or Re- 
 flections on Education, Manners, and Literature, in a series of 
 EJJays" Of his Enquiry concerning Political Juftice y the au- 
 thor differs in opinion from me. He declares, in his Preface 
 to his Enquirer y that *' An Enquiry thus purfued on Political Juf- 
 tice, (i. e. as he, William Godwin, has purfued h),is undoubtedly 
 •*' in the highest style of man!! !" But as I have given 
 my opinion, I fhall fay nothing here. — I fhall take but a few 
 chapters of his new book, for really I mould fatigue nryfelf and 
 my reader paft all fuffe ranee, if I were to go through with it. 
 The fpirit and the manner is the fame in all thefe Eflays. 
 ** The prefent volume," (i. e. the Enquirer) he informs us, 
 (Preface, p. 8) " isprefented to the contemplative reader, not as 
 " dicta, but as the materials of thinking, and that they are com- 
 " mitted to his mercy." He adds, " that with as ardent apaf- 
 " fion for innovation as ever, he, (i. e. William Godwin) feels 
 " himfelf more patient and tranquil" This is Dleasant to him- 
 self
 
 ( 62. ) 
 
 The Sophists unabash'd yet rear their head, 415 
 
 Their colours gaud}-, though but idly (q) spread. 
 
 Better 
 
 felf certainly, but whether his opinions and their confequences 
 will promote patience and tranquillity in other men, is all that 
 we are concerned to know and to expofe. He profelfes to write 
 amoral work. It is mifcellaneous and unconnected, whatever 
 he may think. I would premife there is a difference in con- 
 fidering a moral and a mere metaphyfical Enquiry. In the 
 latter it is juft and neceflary to take in all the parts of a fyfiem 
 to know it's efficacy and apparent truth; but in a moral work there 
 is not the fame neceffity, and for this plain reafon. Mankind 
 are guided in the'u actions, net by fystem, but by single impulses; 
 by detached maxims, by aphorisms, by sentences, which have 
 frequently the force of whole volumes. Whatever impels to 
 action singly and by itself, may be considered alfo apart, and 
 held forth either to approbation or to censure. For this im- 
 portant reason I (hall offer some paflages from " The Enquirer, 
 by William Godwin." The book perhaps has been read very 
 iittle ; but it is published and it may be read, and I am sure it 
 ought to be criticized, not from it's excellence or the ability of 
 the writer, but from the fubject matter. His first Chapter or 
 Essay is, * { Of awakening the mind." He begins with so very wise 
 a sentence, that we are naturally prepared for much instruction. 
 I have indeed been told, that Mr. Godwin's mother, like little 
 Isaac's in Sheridan's Duenna, ufed to call him " Little Solomon.'* 
 What is this sentence? verbatim as follows: " If individuals 
 " were univet sally happy, the species would be happy !'* Again : 
 *' When a child is born, one of the earlieft purpofes of his in- 
 " stitutor ought tobe, to awaken his mind,\o breathe a soul into the, 
 
 "a»
 
 ( 63 ) 
 
 Better be dull than wicked ; from the heart 
 The life-springs issue, and their force impart ; 
 
 Better 
 
 ** as yet unformed, mass\" Whether the mass is the mind, or 
 the mind the mass, and at what time the soul is to be * 
 Ireathed into the mind, is not quite clear ; but it is very instructive. 
 Mr. Godwin alfo thinks, that " it is not the absurdest of para- 
 " doxes to affirm, that the true object of juvenile education is to 
 " teach no^one thing in particular, but (the reader will be rather 
 surprised) to provide, against the age of five-and nventy, a mind 
 " well regulated, active, and Jirejiarcd to learn." It is to be re- 
 membered, that the general education of mankind is confi- 
 dered. If the reader's mind is not awakened by such an ala- 
 rum of nonsense, I think he mud be deeply intranced, as fafi 
 as a modern watchman or Mr. Godwin himself, when he wrote 
 the chapter. Next comes Essay a. " On the utility of talents." 
 From this we learn, in Mr. Godwin's own words, that " The 
 " only complete protection against the appellation of fool, is to 
 " be the possessor of uncommon capacity;" and that " a self-sa- 
 " tisfied, half-witted fellow is the most ridiculous of all things." 
 This is also very instructive, and Jets us into the secret of Mr- 
 Godwin's wits and his self-satisfaction. But I cannot think Mr. 
 G's instructions will «* produce in his pupil or child (if he has 
 either) " one of the long-lookedfor saviours of the human race" ft 
 might perhaps produce another Anacharfis Cloots, the Orator 
 of the human race. Then come " The Sources of Genius" 
 in Efiay 3. The sentiments are either so trite, or so absurd, or 
 so wicked, that it is difficult to choose. One of them I must 
 select. — Of the children offeasants, Mr. G. observes, " That 
 " at the age of fourteen the very traces of understanding are 
 ffj obliterated. The,y are enlisted at the crimping house ofc/i/ires- 
 
 " sicv,
 
 ( 64 ) 
 
 Better to write like Coulthurst ; fqqj better preach 
 WithHodson's (r) voice, and sacred flow'rs of speech, 
 
 i In 
 
 " sion. They are brutified by immoderate and unremitting la- 
 " bour. Their hearts are hardened, and their spirits broken by 
 ** all that they see, all that they /eel, and all that they lookforivard 
 " to. This is one of the most interesting points ok 
 •* view in which we confider the present order of Society !!! It 
 *' is the great slaughter house of genius, and of mind. It is the 
 ** unrelenting murderer of hope and gaiety, of the love of reflec- 
 *' tion, and of the love of life." (p. 16.) This it is, I suppose, 
 as this atrocious but foolish writer would call it, to promote pa~ 
 tience and tranquillity among mankind ! Mr. G. has not yet done. 
 Essay the 4th is on the fame Sources. Here he proves too 
 much for himself. He says, " There is an insanity among 
 *' Philosophers, that has brought Philosophy itself into discre- 
 W dit." (p. 19.) At the close of the eighteenth century, Mr. G. 
 speaking of the succession of events, and the manner in which 
 we acquire ideas, delivers this sentence seriously and philosophi- 
 cally, with a view to be instructive, as I suppose. " If any man 
 ** was to tell me that if I pull the trigger of my gun, a swift and 
 " beautiful horse will immediately appear starting from the mouth 
 '* of the tube ; I can only answer, that I do not expect it, arrd 
 " that it is contrary to the tenor of my former experience. 
 •' But I can assign no reason (///) why this is an event intrinsi- 
 ** cally more absurd, or less likely to happen than the event I have 
 " been accustomed to witness. It may be familiarly illustrated 
 " to the unlearned reader, by remarking, that the process of gen e- 
 " ration, in consequence of which men and horses are born, 
 *' hat obviously no more perceivable correspondence with that event, 
 
 « than
 
 ( 65 ) 
 
 In soft Jirobation for a Foundling's gown, 421 
 
 To please some guardian Midas of the town, 
 
 Who 
 
 " than it would have forme to pull the trigger of a gun !!!" I pass 
 by the indecency of the illustration, that I may just hint, 
 what it is to be a philofopher, and instruct the unlearned in the 
 netv way. I am ashamed to analyse any other opinions in this 
 Essay ; but as Mr. G. is supposed by some to be " A man of 
 talents," I suppose also that Mr. G. has the properties of " A 
 man of talents," as he himself has declared them to be; and 
 that " He (himself) can recollect up. to what period he was jejune, 
 " and up to what period he was dull. He can call to mind the 
 '* innumerable errors of speculation he has committed, that 
 " would almost disgrace an ideot.''' (p. 28.) For my own part, 
 in the present instance, I have nothing to do with recollection. 
 Mr. Godwin and his book are before me. So much for " A man 
 " of talents.'* I cannot oppress the reader with all his desolat- 
 ing, unfounded, and silly opinions on all trades, professions, 
 and occupations, wholly subversive of the order of society, and, 
 as I believe, of any supposeable order of any regulated human 
 society. But if the reader wishes to be amused with the acme or 
 height of absurdity and wildness,I earnestly recommend to him 
 to read Mr. G.'s account of " The Walk of a man of talents, 
 " (Mr. Godwin himself, for instance) and of a man without 
 " talents, (such as myself) from Temple Bar to Hyde-Park 
 " Corner." (p. 31 and 32.) It is really refreshing in the extreme. 
 Nothing can be superior to it, but his " Gun of generation" 
 just described, and his " self-tilling plough, without the in- 
 tervention of man," in his other book on Political Justice, 
 yol. 2. p. 494. Ed. 8vo.— I will gire Mr. Godwin's own ac- 
 count
 
 ( 66 ) 
 
 Who gives his vote from judgment and from taste-, 
 Better with Warner move with measur d haste 
 
 To 
 
 count of this famous Walk, especially as the public are in the 
 habit of observing all kinds of men and women too between. 
 Temple Bar and Hyde Park Corner. " The chief point of difference 
 " (say s Mr. G.) between the man of talents and the man without,co'a- 
 " sists in the different ways in which their minds are employed 
 " during the same interval! !!"(This is the proposition, ludicrous 
 andabsurd enough of itself, but now let us hear the proof or illus- 
 tration.) " They, (i e. the man of talents and the man -without) are 
 " obliged, let us suppose, to wa'k from Temple Bar to Hyde 
 ** Park Corner. The dull man goes strait forward: he has 
 u so many furlongs to traverse. He observes if he meets any of 
 M his acquaintance ; he enquires respecting their health and 
 " their family. He glances perhaps at the shops as he passes ; 
 " he admires the fashion of a buckle, and the metal of a tea 
 " urn. JJ he experience any flights of fancy (i. e, between Tern- 
 *' pie Bar and Hyde Park Corner) they are of a short extent; of 
 *' the same nature as the flights of a forest bird clipped of his 
 " wings, and condemned to pass the rest of his life in a farm-yard. 
 " On the other hand, -the man of talents gives full sco/ie to 
 " his imagination. lie laughs and cries. Unindebted to the 
 " suggestions of the surrounding objects his whole soul is em. 
 •« ployed !'' (We are now to prepare for the employment of 
 the. whole soul of a man of talents from Temple Bar to Hyde Park 
 Corner, and the reader will observe that he has enough to do. 
 La voici.) " He, (the man of talent) enters into nice calcula- 
 tions ; he digests sagacious reasonings.'''' (All this is done between 
 Temple Bar and Hyde Tark Coiner.) " In imagination he 
 
 *' declares
 
 ( «7 ) 
 
 To lend new pleasure (s) to a pedant's ear, 
 
 O Appeal 
 
 ¥ declaims or describes , impressed with the deepest sympathy, or 
 " elevated to the loftiest rapture. He passes through a thousand 
 " imaginary scenes, tries his courage, tasks his ingenuity, and thus' 
 " becomes 1 'g? adually prepared to meet almost any of the many-co- 
 " loured events of human life. He consults by the aid of memory 
 " the books he has read, (N.B. a man of talents never reads in 
 V the streets), and he projects others for the future instruction and 
 " delight of mankind/' (I always said Mr. G. himself projected 
 his book on Justice and this on Education in the streets', "Sic 
 tu triviis, fWo^-solebas.") If he observe the passengers, (the 
 " dull man only observes his acquaintance) he reads their. 
 " countenance?, conjectures t/ieir past history, and forms a sit- 
 ti .petfcial notion of their wisdom and folly, their virtue or vice, 
 " satisfaction or misery. If he observe the scenes that occur, 
 " it is with the eye of a connoisseur or. an artist." (The dull 
 man above minds only buckles and tea urns.) " Every object is 
 " ca/iable of suggesting to him a Volume of Refections." Mr. 
 G. must mean his vzon volume now before me, called Refections 
 on manners, education and literature.) " The time of these 
 " tzvo/tersons in one respect resembles; it has brought them loth to 
 i: Hyde Park Corner. In almost every other respe£t it is dissi- 
 " wilar." Here is the denouement or the Eypwa of Philosopher 
 Gopw.iK, and I have no doubt he thinks it a discovery in Terra 
 jam cognita, as he will allow the ground to be between Temple 
 Bar and Hyde Park Corner. I cannot say the Parallel is quite 
 in the manner of Plutarch, but it is vay instructive. No man 
 can ever be again at a -loss to know a man of talents from a man 
 without, in the streets. I had often been puzzled, till I met this 
 instructive volume of Refieclions. — When the reader h?.s consi- 
 dered this, arid all the other parts I have produced, and thoufands 
 I have. omitted, he will remembcrthalMR, Godwin has set himself 
 Pait IV. g|
 
 ( 63 ) 
 Appeal to Bryant, nor his judgment tear ; 
 
 Better 
 
 up for a Legislator, a Reformer, a Philosopher, a destroyer of 
 ancient prejudices, and a builder of new-systems, a guide through 
 the darkness of this world by the new light, and he expects the 
 obeisance of mankind. I am sure, I cannot even conceive that any 
 man or woman will worship before such an image of Democra- 
 cy and Tyranny, whoever may sound the cornet .sackbut or dulcimer at 
 thededication.lt is notanlmage of gold; it is an imageof iron mixed 
 ivith miry clay. For my own part I will not move from my place 
 at the sackbut of Godwin, or the, united band of musicians 
 of a French Nebuchadnezzar. This it is to instruct the 
 world, to reform it, to make it happy. Mr. G. comes 
 in such a questionable shape, that 1 know not when to 
 finish my questions. I might go on chapter by chapter in 
 this manner. Let any man look at his opinions, and the na- 
 ture of his knowledge and his pretensions. I must copy two 
 thirds (at the least) if I wished to express and to expose all that 
 is reprehensible in this volume, or wicked, or ridiculous, or 
 trite beyond belief. I would hold up Mr. G.'s own proposi- 
 tions, in his own words, to all persons who have understanding, 
 and let them judge. Let them fairly decide whether his impi- 
 ety be Xioleven less than his folly, and the weakness of his under- 
 standing more vifible than the plunging violence of his exer- 
 tions. " Dat operant ut cum ratione insaniat.^ Mr. Godwin is 
 at best but a mongrel andsan exotic. He is grafted upon the flock 
 of Condorcet and the French rabble; but he has not even the 
 raciness of that teeming soil. Englifh minds will not long bear 
 the grossness of such an imposition. We are better and ear- 
 lier taught than he wishes we should be. Reason indeed dis- 
 claims Mr. Godwin; in eloquence, and good writing, (in spite 
 of all his dogmatism) he knows nothing; and of the Belles Let- 
 tres nearly as much as can be attained, or rather picked up, in a 
 
 modern
 
 ( 69 ) 
 
 Better to state-arithmetic be bred, 420 
 
 Tell Jacobins and Tories by the (/) head ; 
 
 Prove 
 
 modern academy in some London Square, or at Islington. But . 
 for Mr. Godwin we are to lay down Plato and Xenophon; for 
 him we are to relinquish Aristotle and Tully ; to him Locke 
 is to give way, and the simplicity and tempered humour of Mr. 
 Addison is to be lost in Mr. Godwin's effujicns. — I really am fa- 
 tigued with this man. Nothing but the importance of the con- 
 sequences and effects of his wild, weak, wicked and absurd 
 notions (I cannot dignify them with the name of principles or 
 ahaixxToc.) could have prevailed upon me to have wafted irre- 
 trievably so much of my time upon them. From the period 
 when Philoso/iher Hume first garbled his neglected *f Treatise on 
 Human Nature," and published it in the form of Essays, and 
 set up, as it were, a kind of slop shop of morality in the suburbs 
 of Atheism, we have had nothing but Essays upon Essays, 
 till — we all know the consequence. And last of all comes Pfa 
 losopher Godwin, and sets up his trumpery shop too in the same 
 quarter; though he is willing to wait upon ladies and gentle- 
 men at their own houses, with his " Gros paquet de toile verte\ 
 44 & rouge" upon the principles and practice of the celebrated 
 Ftipier in Gil Bias, and pretty much with the same kind of jus- 
 tice. He presents you with his second-hand suits, with his 
 44 habits de draft, tout uni," and his'' habits de velours un feu passes ,'* 
 demands his soixante ducats, and then addresses you with the 
 same cool effrontery; " Vous etes lien heureux quonsesoit addresse 
 44 a moi ftlutot qu'a un autre. Graces au ciel,j y exerce rondement ma 
 " profession: ]e sv is LE SEUL FriPIER qui ait DE LA MORALE. J" 
 So much for Philosopher Godwin, or Le Philosophe Fripiet, 
 malgre sa morale! — To the learned world in particular (if they 
 lwve ever drudged through the works of Mr. Godwin as I have 
 done) I will address a few words from the fecond book of the 
 
 Pyrr- 
 + Green is the fymbol of the Irijr), and Red of French democra- 
 tic factions. 
 X Gil Bias, Liv. 1 . ch. 15.
 
 ( 7° ) 
 
 Prove that no dogs, as through the streets they range, 
 
 Give 
 
 r 
 
 Pyrrhonic Institutions of Sextus Empiricus, as applicable 
 to William Godwin, after all the observations I have made 
 on his writings. " E£o/xsv li h TON AN0PX)nON 
 TOYTON&axfsvai re octto Twva^wvZawv.xaiEIAtKPINfiS 
 NOH2AI£uv7jffc/xc6a,"Sext.Empyric. Instit. Pyrrhon.L 2.C.5. 
 
 (p) Volney. — See Part I. (v. 120, note e) of the P,. of L. 
 for an account of Mr. Volney's book, entitled, " Ruiiis, or a 
 Meditation of the Revolution of Empires." 
 
 (q) " Mocking the air with colours idly spread." 
 
 Shakspeare's King John. 
 
 (qq) Coulthurst.— The learned and Rev. Dr. Coulthurst 
 lately published a Sermon, 061. 25, 1796, written with 
 the best and most serious intention, but in a style and manner so 
 very unadvised, as to furnish matter of ridicule to some minute 
 wits, who actually/?**/ //into doggrel verse. All Doctors (and 
 Bishops too) should remember it is one thing to preach and 
 another to print and publish their fermons. It is also high time 
 for Bishop Horsley (qui au tiavers de toute sa piete n 1 est pas 
 Auteur imjiunhnent , et qui a la 'satisfaction d'arracher les T r cluptti- 
 enses aux ftlaisirs J, et a*'afferpiir dans leur devoir des Epouscs i" bran- 
 lees par des amans seducteurs ; though I cannot say, " qu'on 
 trouve ses homilies et sesouvrages egalement forts et ddkais) it is 
 high time, Isay,formyLordBishopHofsley to remember that it was 
 said of the Archbishop of Grenada, " Voila un Sermon <^\\ sent 
 furieusement PApoplexie." (Gil Bias. Liv. 7. C. 4.) I do not 
 think that the Archevtque de Grenade (I beg pardon) plain Bi- 
 sh.p Horsley fo he never will be an Archbishop.) will appoint me 
 to be his Secretary, or in the inimitable words of Le Sage, 
 G. B. 1. 7. c. 1, be desirous "avoir pres de lui un homme (com- 
 
 " me 
 
 X See his Magdalen Homily, and his speeches in the Hi of L. 
 in cafes of Adultery,
 
 ( i\ ) 
 
 Give bone for bone in regular (u) exchange; 
 
 Or 
 
 11 memoi) qui ait de la literature, et line bonne main /.our mctttc 
 au net <es homelies." — I may add, that if I should take a walk 
 through his literary grounds, I fear I should be found damage-' 
 feasant ; and if\ were to enter the premises at Rochester or 
 Westminster, and be prosecuted for it, I' mould certainly direct 
 my counsel to plead a special " Nil l/abuit in tenementis." (See 
 Lord Raymond's Rep. 15^0.) For though his Lordship, as 
 Plaintiff; is but an Jssignee, he may take advantage of the estop- 
 pel, for it runs with the land. See Co. Litt. 15c. and Salk. 276. 
 
 (1) Hodson. — Put synonimously fo* any popular preacher at 
 the Asylum or elsewhere. It is really humiliating and degrad- 
 ing to theClergy to preach probationary sermons, on any vacancy 
 of a chaplainship at any of the charitable foundations, b.fore 
 such a set of judges. One is for voice and action, another for 
 what he calls learning, others for the tender passions, some for 
 appeals to reason, and others again love logic and close argument. 
 No Divine can satisfy such judges, but such a Doctor as is de- 
 scribed by John of Salisbury, " Doctor sanctissimus ilie Gre- 
 " gorius, qui melleo pradicationis imbre totam rigavit et inebriavit 
 " Ecclesiam !" — It is high time to put these affairs on a more 
 respectable footing for the Clergy. I think indeed, that the busi- 
 ness, elections, &c. belonging to all hospitals, and all charities, 
 should be transacted by a Committee, of the Subscribers, elected 
 annually. The propriety of such a measure being generally 
 adopted in London, and near the metropolis, is evident; and I 
 wish this hint might be attended to by men of sense. 
 
 (x) See a Treatise lately published, entitled " METPON 
 APISTON, or a Neiu Pleasure, recommended in a Disserta- 
 tion on Greek and Latin Prosody. (1797.)" It is without any 
 permission, and I think with considerable effrontery, dedicated 
 
 to
 
 ( V- ) 
 
 Or frame, with Marsh, strange theorems to try 
 
 Some 
 
 to Mr. Bryant in a style perfectly new. If almost every page 
 of this treatise were not sillier, wilder, ami more extravagant 
 than the preceding, 1 might be tempted to take some nntice of 
 it's multifarious contents. For they are very numerous indeed ; 
 from the laws passed in King Priam's reign (/ beg Mr. Bryant's 
 pardon) under his marine Minister when Troy was attacked 
 and invaded by the Grecians, down to the present French war 
 and the incorr.prebensible Cavalry Act under George the Third 
 of Great Britr.in. As it does not appear to mz possible for this 
 Author (I ufe hi: own words in his own treatife) to "/tut of the 
 *' monkey and bring out the man , ,J I shall say nothing further of 
 this farrago of learned nonsense. 
 
 (/) Mr. Burke gave it as his opinion in his " Two Letters 
 en the Proposals forPeace,"( i 7c;6)that there are "400,000 politi- 
 ** cal citizens in Great Britain, of whom 80,000 are pure Jaco- 
 41 bins, the other four-fifihs perfectly sound," l'<c. In this par- 
 ticular instance I shall only tay of this great and venerable man, 
 what one of Dante's Commentators says on a paflage in the 
 Purgatorio : " Per veri^a, e un gran caprice io, ma in cio segue i I 
 *! suo stile." Dante, Shakspeare, Milton, and Burke, all abound 
 i.i similar eapriscics ; but I will add Dr. Johnson's admirable 
 words: " He that can put them in balance with their beauties 
 V muft be confidered not as nice but dull, as less to be censured 
 •• for want of candour, than pitied for want of sensibility." 
 Life of Milton. 
 
 (w) Here is another little cafiriccio of a man of no common 
 
 sagacity, the late Adam Smith on Finances. He says seriously 
 
 hy way of illustration ; '* No body ever saw a 'dog make a fair 
 
 :. exchange of one bom for another with another 
 
 " dog. 1 *
 
 ( 73 ) 
 
 Some manuscript's divine identity ; (zv) 
 
 Better. 
 
 " dog." Smith's Wealth of Nations, Vol. i. p. 20. Ed. 8vo. 
 My dtdivAJam,x.K\% philosophy of yours is nearly of the same date 
 as your ancestor's* in Eden, and I can only say in reply, " Who' 
 " ever exfiected to see a dog do so?" — We have all heard and read 
 of that snarling sect, the Cynic Philosophy, and if we could con- 
 vert dogs into philosophers, or what is harder still, philosophical 
 propositions into meat and ioms, (which I fear is more than most 
 Scotch Profeflbrs can do) I mould apply metaphorically the fol- 
 lowing lines from a celebrated Poet, a great observer of human 
 nature : , 
 
 " So when tioo dogs are fighting -j- in the flreeU, 
 With a third dog one of the tico dogs meets ; 
 With angry tooth he bites him to the bone. 
 And this dog smarts for what that dog has done." 
 
 (?y) A learned and ingenious Critic, the Rev. Wm, Marsk, 
 (Translator of Michaelis's Introduction to the New Testa- 
 ment, to which he has added many valuable notes and illustra- 
 tions)published in the year 1795 "Letters to Archdeacon Travis, 
 on the subject of a Greek Manuscript in the Public Library at 
 Cambridge, printed at Leipzig, but sold in London by R. 
 Marsh, Fleet-street. "The following theorem is so new,and so un- 
 parallelled, that I cannot help preserving it in this poe.m as a 
 
 lirerarv 
 
 • In the most extensively learned book I ever saw, (for the size 
 of it) and the best arranged, I mean the " Philosophia Generalis, 
 &c. per Theophilum Gale," there is actually a Chapter- ." .£>* 
 Philoiophia Adami." L. !. C U f. 3. — " A Capriccio !" 
 
 + i.e. For a hone, or for any thing which 13 an object of fair 
 ttnd deliberate exchange.
 
 ( 74 ) 
 
 Better be White, though dubious (,v) of my fame, 
 
 Or 
 
 literary curiosity, and as most of my readers, I dare say, never 
 saw or even thought such a theorem possible. I shall laugh 
 hereafter at any man who tells me, that the chances/or or against 
 any thing are ico,ooo to I. 
 
 * Central Theorem, by which the identity of Manuscripts is 
 dctenninrdfrdm a coincidence intheirReadings."(Letters,p.70.) 
 
 ■" If after a collation of Greek MSS. to the amount of any 
 number which I will call /, the reading, A, B, C, D, &c. to 
 the amount of m have all been found in any of these MSS. 
 which I will call %?> but not one of them in any other Manu- 
 script: moreover if other readings A, B, T, A, &c. to the 
 amount of n have likewise been all found in the MS. X, but 
 each of them in only one other Manuscript; further if a third 
 &et of readings to the amount of r is contained in the MS. X, 
 but each of the,m in only two other MSS.; a fourth set to the 
 amoujit of s, each of which has been discovered in only three 
 other. Manuscripts, and so on : in that case, if all these readings 
 should afterwards be found in any one Manuscript, the proba- 
 bility that the Manuscript, in which they are thus found, is the 
 -very identical Manuscript from which they had been taken, if /-» 
 ■the chance of its being a different MS. as, 
 Dm + n-f-r+s+ &c. 
 
 P' 
 
 — i to I 
 
 i m . a", 3 r 4 s . &c. &c. &c. &c. 
 I shall say nothing, but leave the mathematical and divine cat- 
 culating reader con- la bocca dolce.' 
 
 * In Mr. Marsh's problem,. a Hebrew character (Aleph) isuseth, instead, of 
 tlie-Greek % which I have used, W the printer had not the Hebrew characters 
 at hand.
 
 ( IS ) 
 
 Or wisely sink my own in (y) Homer's name ; 
 Better to disappoint the public hope, 428 
 
 Like IVarton driveling (yj) on the page of PopE,(^yjy) 
 P While 
 
 {x) See the learned and very ingenious (but rather declama- 
 tory) Sermons by Profeflbr White of Oxford at the Bampton 
 Lecture. But in this, as in many other cases, it seems, " Garth 
 M did not write his won Dispensary." — I always thought the 
 charge ridiculous ; yet learned men would write about it and 
 about it. Any thing will serve for a controversy. Enquire of 
 Meflrs. Ireland, Malone, and Chalmers, at the Shaksjieare Manu- 
 factory in Norfolk-street, in the Strand. 
 
 00 The Rev. Dr. Parr will best explain this verse. See his 
 sublime Apostrophe, " Spirit of Henry Homer ! &c. &c. &c." 
 Letter to Dr. Coombe, by an Occasional Writer in the British 
 Critic. 
 
 (yy) The Bookfellers may say in Sir Philip Sidney's words : 
 " What fools were we, to mingle such driveling speeches among 
 * (Warburton's) noble thoughts! (Sir P. S's Arcadia."; 
 Pan etiam Arcadia dicat se judice victum. 
 
 (yyy) See the new edition of Pope's Works by the Reverend Dr, 
 Joseph Warton, late Head-mafter of Winchester School. The 
 mildest words I can use are, i - Tantamne rem tarn negligent 0?" 
 I praised (and liberally enough as some people thought) Dr. Jo- 
 seph Warton's Common Place Book on Pope, in the First Part 
 of the P. of L. and I still think it entertaining. But when a learned 
 Part IV^ man
 
 ( *< 1 
 
 While o'er the ground thatWARBURTON once trod, 
 The Winton Pedant shakes his little rod, 
 Content his own stale scraps to steal or glean, 
 Hash'd up and season'd with an old man's spleen, 440 
 Nor e'en the Bard's deformity can 'scape, 
 " His pictur'd person and his HbeWd (z) shape ," 
 
 Ah, 
 
 man appears as the pt ofesfed Editor of the most distinguished 
 and the most interesting poet of the nation, and when the public 
 have been taught to expect the work as of great promise, we re- 
 quire something more than mere copying his own old common place 
 remarks from one book, to put them in form of notes at the bottom 
 of the pages of another. It is mere book-making, beneath the 
 character of such a gentleman as Doctor Warton. It is to steal 
 from one's own self. But the town is patient : " Marcus dixit, ita est." 
 Bat I will not fay so. When the iLLUsTRrous friend of Pope, 
 William Warburton, (sublime in all his exorbitances, dig- 
 nified in sagacity and erudition, and great even in hi& occasional 
 rashness and idle wanderings) condescended to become an Editor, 
 I should have preferred re- printing his edition as it stood. The 
 ingenious Winchester School-master might with propriety 
 enough have corrected the press and added some little anecdotes 
 and excerpta from his classics. What was beneath Warburton 
 might suit Dr. Jofeph Warton. I am indeed ashamed of this 
 edition upon the whole. But as there is ru> other new edition 
 to be had of an elegant form, type and paper, (and this is very 
 pretty) many persons will desire to have it, and I am sure I will nor 
 refuse it a place in my library. Perhaps, I have said more than 
 is necessary ; but there will be persons enough to praise the 
 
 Doctor's
 
 ( 77 ) 
 
 Ah, better to unlearn'd oblivion hurl'd, 
 
 P 2 Then 
 
 Doctor's gleanings from himself. But I shall say more, at 
 the end of the next note. 
 
 (») Poets are often prophets. Pope little thought that, fifty 
 years after his death, an ingenious Schoolmaster and formerly a 
 writer of little Odes to Fancy, evening owls upon a tree, apos- 
 trophes to the twilight and such nonsense, would actually revive 
 some " imputed trash" (perhaps) not his owu, and actually give 
 to the malignant curiosity of some folks, " His libelled perfon 
 and his pictured shape." (Prcl. to Pope's Satires, v. 353.) 
 It is strange that Mr. Gibbon and Mr. Pope should have the 
 same fate. The figure of Mr. G. has been presented to the 
 world and to posterity by his friend Lord Sheffield (See Mr. 
 G.'s Posthumous Miscellanies, 4*0 Vol. 1.) and Mr. Pope's 
 contemptible appearance by the kindness of his editor. — I have 
 many and great objections to this edition ; but I shall only state a 
 few. An edition of Pope is a fair and a very proper subject 
 of criticism. I think the title page contemptuous : " With notes 
 and illustrations by J. Warton, D.D. and others." To include 
 William Wareurton under the title of ethers, required an as- 
 surance equal at least to the trifling dilettante spirit of such a com- 
 mentator as Dr. Warton. In this instance, *' temulentus videtur." I 
 have no personal partiality for Warburton ; he was long before 
 my time : nor have I the honour (such I should indeed esteem 
 it) of an acquaintance with Bishop Hurd, his venerable friend 
 and compeer. But I was born to admire erudition and genius, and 
 to vindicate them when they are insulted. Dr W.'s life of Pope 
 is not well written as to the matter or the manner. The style is 
 defective and often vulgar. I shall instance a passage or two. 
 The perpetual vulgarism of the term — our author." — " Dennis 
 pursued our author in bitter invectives, against every woik he 
 gradually published." p. 18. " After arriving at eminence by so 
 many ra/iiW compositions, w author," &c. &c— p. 34. "Which, 
 
 as
 
 ( 78 ) 
 
 Then give to Perry (2:2) what I owe the world 
 
 And 
 
 as an uncommon curiosity, one would have been glad to have be- 
 held" p. 1 r. " Dr. Warburton's defence of the Essay on Man 
 ultimately got him a ivife and a bishopric.'' p. 41;. '* Into what a 
 mass has he raised and expanded so slight a hint P 1 p t 21. Dr. W. 
 is fond of " delicious lines, and delicious passages, &c. I cannot 
 specify more of them in this note. He commends Voltaire too 
 often and too much. He is also perpetually praising the Ger- 
 man Professor Heyne, who has insulted our English universi- 
 ties and public schools in his writings. Yet <we have republished 
 his Virgil and all his ponderous dissertations. Professor Heyne 
 was originally a mechanic: he was not born to taste, and he 
 never. acquired elegance. His learning is without discernment. 
 More embodied dulness or a heavier mass of matter than his 
 Vi'gil I never saw. The shrine of the Poet is indeed loaded with 
 offerings, but it is illuminated with rays 'rom Gottengen. — I 
 must ob erve further. It was very bold and very indecent in the 
 'Reverend Dr. Warton, to publish Pope's Imitation of the Second 
 Satire of the firfl Book of Horace. Pope never -f- printed it in his 
 works himself; Dr. Waiburton refused to admit it : no common 
 edition whatsoever of Pope has admitted it. It is printed only 
 in a vulgar appendix in two volumes. I have indeed no doubt it 
 is by Pope. As to mere wit and point in the imitation, it is 
 perhaps the best. But what then ? Mr. Pope's works are distin- 
 guished at least for correctness in taste and morals; and are intended 
 
 for 
 
 f Dr. W. says, vol. 1. Life p. 56. " Pope suffered his friend Dodsley to 
 " print it as his writing in one edition nmo." I never saw it, but can believe 
 the Doctor. Pope was undoubtedly ashamed of it But if Mr Pope had actually 
 Ascribed every nvmph in the seraglio of the pious Ncedham, must the Reverend 
 Dr. Warton publish such a poem merely because Mr. Pope had written it ? — 
 This sixth volume of Dr. Warton's Edition should be reprinted and this scan- 
 rialous poem omitted. With theCommcntators* onShakspearc,Pope, &c. of mo- 
 duli days there is no such thing as an invocation to " Intertnissa Vinus ; for 
 •he Goddess has actually deserted her beloved Cyprus, H In has T014 ru- 
 ./'». (See Horace for the rest.) 
 
 " Tc, Venus Rcgina, pio vocantum 
 " Thvirc Wartoniet StePhani decoras 
 Transfer in acdes." 
 
 * P. of L. Part I,
 
 ( 79 ) 
 
 And idly busy, in my choice perplext, 445 
 
 Throw years of labour on a single text, 
 
 Alike 
 
 for the most general and the most unqualified perusal. Dr. W. might as 
 well have printed Mr. E.'s Geranium in his comments, or any other 
 light and vigorous sally of a very young man, forgiven as such- 
 and forgotten, as the following line?, if the reader will 
 believe they areprinted in Pope's Works; 
 
 '-' Or when a tight neat girl will serve the turn, 
 " In errant pride continue * * * ? f 
 " I'm a plain man, whose maxim is profest, 
 " The thing at hand is of all things the best." 
 
 Vol. 6. p. 5>. — see also p. 49. worse still. 
 If Mr. Pope had often written thus, his works must have been 
 consigned to the library of a brothel. This edition of Pope's 
 works will De sent into every part of the civilized world. This 
 will be so; and can it be said, that I speak without reason? 
 Surely I am not pleading for public decency in vain. 
 The Doctor at least should have dedicated this fixth vo- 
 lume to the Ladies — of the Commons. To what other ladies could I 
 present this volume? Yet so it is* " Doctors rush in, where 
 laymen fear to tread." But because Pope called this '' sober 
 advice from Horace," the Doctor thought there could be no harm 
 in it. Dr. W. observes, ** that the first st Ji in the literary y as 
 " well as in the political world is of the utmo.t consequence, &c." 
 Pope's Life, p. 14 I would remind the Doctor of the last 
 step § in both these worlds, which he seems to have forgotten. 
 
 I shall 
 
 -f- I, though an anonymous layman, refuse to print the passage in full, 
 which the Reverend Doctor Warton has printed and sanctioned with liis name 
 as Editor of Pope's works 
 
 Nobis non licet esse tarn disertii 
 
 Qui musas colimus severiores. 
 
 § T was surprised to read these words in vol. 4. p. 333. on the compliment 
 Virgil paid to Cato. " A much honejler passage (says Dr. Warton) is that in 
 " which V ; rgil had the courage to represent his hero assisting the Etruscans 
 " in punijlimz their tyrannical king, in the 8th book of the ^Encid v. 494." 
 Ergo omnisjuriis fun-exit Etruri \ jujthy 
 Reoem ad supplicium prxfenti marte reposcuvt." 
 Dr. W. knows that Julius Caefarwas not Mezentius. I am Cure the Doctor 
 cannot approve and recommend a palfage which has been in the mouth of every 
 modf-vn Regicide from the murder of Charles I. to the murder of Louis XVI. 
 But why perpL tually call out these paffages to public notice, why dwell upon the 
 " morgue et grandeur des Scuverains," " the authorised type of a Lion," 
 Sec. &c. (v. 1. p. 33.) in times like these ? We all love liberty as well as Dr. 
 W. bur a wife and good man difcerns the figns of the times. Thefe arc the 
 nnJfr-murmuririgs of a fpurioui, bastard, half-republicanifm. I like them not.
 
 ( So ) 
 
 (Alike to me, encas'd in Grecian bronze, 
 Koran or Vulgate, Veda, Priest, or Bonze) 
 And lend to truth itself unhallow'd aid, 
 In all the rashness of a fcholar's trade, 450 
 
 And fall like (a) Porson. 
 
 OCT A- 
 
 Ishall not make any remarks onDr.W.'s criticisms on Pope at pi e- 
 sent,theyareoften pleasing and curious and gratify ing,but chiefly 
 taken from his old Essay. I cannot now proceed. As Quintilian 
 says,-f- Kos genera degustamus, non bibliothecas discutimus." But 
 as to the conclusion of one of Dr.Warton's notes on thePrologue to 
 the Satires, I can well conceive it to be his own case, and I can be- 
 lieve it may be applied with feeling. Doctor Warton says, " We 
 V read (or he will read) with more satisfaction, the 
 
 A\J/ 6 TToitS 7TpOS K0X7T0V av^covoio riQwr,; 
 
 '* than we do (or than the Doctor will hereafter do) 
 M T§j; jot-EV ope^ar' iuv, TO AETETPATON Iketo tex/xw^ 
 *' Atyocg. x.r\." Vol. 4. pag. 55." Which last is the motto to 
 this Fourth and last Part of the P. of L. lean indeed easily con- 
 ceive, that after Doctor Joseph Warton has read these remarks, he 
 will shrink back like the child in Homer, from the grey-goose plume 
 nodding\on the head oi thewriterof thisnote.and prefer luxury and 
 repose on the deep bosoms of his well-zoned nurses , the London 
 booksellers. To them and to their consolations || I leave him. I 
 shall prefer the solutis Gratia? zonis to all the booksellers in the 
 world. 
 
 (zz) Perry, put synonimously for the printer of any factious 
 newspaper. 
 
 f Quint. Lib 10. C. i. 
 
 § Aetvsv wn' axpcrocins kc^vQos vcuovtci mcyiOCls. 
 
 II. 6. 470. 
 |j Jn^'ict /'50O.
 
 ( Si > 
 
 OC T AVI US. 
 
 You may spare your pains, 
 He gives no ear to any modern strains, 
 Save those, by Obcrea (£) fondly sung, 
 What time Opano (r) trembled on her tongue. 
 
 AUTHOR. 
 
 (a) See Mr. Professor Porson's Letters to Archdeacon Tra- 
 vis, of which the world has now heard quite enough. Mr. Pro- 
 feflbr Vorton, you may begin again,but pray don't write in Mr- 
 Perry's little democratic closet for the wits at the Morning Chro- 
 nicle office. It is beneath you; I fpeak ferioufly. I know 
 your abilities. — It may do well enough for Mr. Professor^ Ri- 
 chardson, that fair Fugitive and Highland Bard, if a certain poli- 
 tical Dramatist's com potations will leave him any abilities at all, 
 which I begin to doubt. What is genius, without a regulated 
 life ! 
 
 (b) See " An Epistle from Oberea, Queen of Otaheite, to 
 Joseph Banks, Esq," (now Sir Joseph Banks) Mr. Porson's fa- 
 vourite modern poem, which he can fay or rather sing to hi* 
 friends. It is very ingenious, but rather too free ; the versifi- 
 cation is exquisite. I believe it ia the only piece of modern 
 English verse Mr. P. will read. 
 
 (c) Ojiano oxTabano was the manner in which the name of 
 Banks was pronounced at Otaheite. But in this learned lan- 
 guage, as Mr. Zachary Fungus says to his brother Isaac in the 
 Commissary, " Pshaw ! you blockhead, I tell you the nami 
 " does not signify nothing." 
 
 f I allude to the Probationary Odes for the Laiireatship. Mr. R. ir seems, 
 was emphjedhy Mr. Dundas on that occasion. Hovr could any man mistake 
 an English Barrister for the Scotch ProferTbr, who has written 10 vesy 
 :ngeniously on Shakipearc's characters.
 
 ( 82 ) 
 
 AUTHOR. 
 
 Censure or praise let others seek or fear : 455 
 
 Look at my verse ; whose superscription's there ? 
 Whose cause do I defend ? 'tis your's, 'tis mine, 
 The statesman's, or the peasant's ; in my line, 
 All find in me a patron and a friend, 
 Unseen, unknown, unshaken to the end : 460 
 
 Yes, from the depths of Pindus shall my rhymes, 
 Through this mis-order'd world, these lawless times, 
 Be heard in Albion and her inmost state ; 
 All that the good revere and bad men hate, 
 In spirit and in substance, as of old, 465 
 
 The Muse in her Asbestos (cc) shall enfold. 
 
 This 
 
 {cc) I know not whether I need mention it, but it was an an- 
 cient Roman cuftom to wrap dead bodies, before they wene 
 placed on the funeral pile, in a cloth made from a stone called 
 Amiantus, or Linum vivum, by some called the Asbestos, on which 
 fire had no power. (See D'Aubenton Tableau Methodique 
 des Mineraux.p. 10. Edit.Par.8vo. 1784.) N.B. Mr.D'Aubenton, 
 a gentleman of amiable character and of great accuracy of mind, 
 is now (1797) resident in Paris, advanced in years, and by quietly 
 yielding to every revolutionary torrent in the republic, has escaped 
 the general exterminating massacre of the active Citizen Literati 
 in the hall of Frtnsh Justice. " His armis ilia quoque tutus in aula"
 
 ( 8 3 ) 
 
 This is my method. — Though I sometimes stray 
 From Euclid's rigid rules to fancy's way, 
 Yet have I mus'd on Granta's willowy strand, 
 The sage of Alexandria (J) in my hand, 470 
 
 And mark'd his mystic symbols ; the severe 
 And cogent truths dwell in my reason's ear. 
 The Stagirite too I sought, and could divide 
 (No Scotchman near, no Gillies by my side) 
 His sober sense from pride of intellect, 475 
 
 What Locke confirm'd, or warn'd me to reject. 
 Thence soaring on the balanc'd wings of thought, 
 (As Kepler hinted, but as Newton taught) 
 My mind in calm ascension to the height 
 Of the world's temple, through th' abyss of light, 
 Mid wand'ring fires and every starr'd abode, 481 
 Explor'd the works and wonders of the God, 
 Who fix'd the laws of order, time and place, 
 In his own great sensorium, (e) boundless space. 
 
 CL The 
 
 (d) Euclid. 
 
 (e) u Deus, in sjiatio infinite, tanquam in semorio suo, res iflti- 
 me cernit &c. &c," Newton Prineip. Schol. General. Sub. fin. 
 
 Pakt IV.
 
 ( H ) 
 
 The Chemist's magic flame, the curious sport 485 
 
 Amber first gave, would oft my fancy court, 
 
 Led through creation's consecrated range, 
 
 Each flower, and plant, and stem, with every change 
 
 Of vegetative life in order brought, 
 
 I magnified Linnaeus (ee) as I though* ; 490 
 
 But spurn'd unfeeling science, cruel tales 
 
 Of virgin (/) rabbets, and of headless (g) snails, 
 
 And 
 
 (u) But not in the spirit of that silly man, who inscribed 
 these words under the print of Linnaeus : " Deus creavit, Lin- 
 '* haus disposuit." — There is more folly in the inscription, than 
 any intention of impiety ; it is the mere rage of antithesis with- 
 out reflection. But in this botanising age, it should not pass 
 without observation to all naturalists. 
 
 (f) Virgin Rabbets. — I allude in general to all needless, and 
 cruel experiments upon animals. All that breathe, and feel and 
 enjoy the gift of life from their Creator are entitled to protec- 
 tion from man, under those limits and degrees which an ho- 
 nest and upright mind knows without being told. But in this 
 place I particularly allude to an anecdote related to me by a friend, 
 of aPaper read at the RoyalSociety in the course of the last win- 
 ter( 1797.5011 thesubject of generation. The animal,ehosen for these 
 savage experiments by the merciless Doctor, was the Rabbet. 
 Decency and humanity alike forbid the exposure of the process, 
 and the mutilation of the parts of generation, before and after 
 the animal was impregnated, and I think, in one or two of them, 
 before the coitus. Surely to sit calmly and to watch with an 
 
 impure,
 
 ( 3 5 ) 
 
 And through the realms of Nature as I trod, 
 Bovv'd at the throne, and faw (gg) the pow'r, of God. 
 
 Q^2 In 
 
 impure, and inhuman.and unhallowed curiosity the progress of 
 the desire?, and the extinction of the natural passions in devoted 
 animals after such mutilations and experiments, is a practice 
 ■useless, wicked, foolish, degrading, and barbarous. There is 
 no justification to be offered. The mystery itself is not to be 
 disclosed to man. But we will know every thing; I wish we 
 would recollect that we must account for our knowledge. 
 When an experiment, for any purpose useful to millions of our 
 fellow-creatures, has been once made upon an animal, it should 
 be finally recorded by men of science and veracity, as authentic 
 and satisfactory, not to be repeated. Sometimes, as I ivas told, 
 the idea of the cruelty exercised upon these animals was for a 
 moment lost in tlve ridiculous terms, which were perpetually 
 repeated in these papers, which occupied three or four sittings 
 of the R.S. My friend told me, that he actually thought that Sir. 
 Charles Blag den, Knight andSecretaryio the R.S. had 
 beefojMjovided with specimens,and that he expected to see Virgin 
 Rabbets, married Rabbets, and matron Rabbets produced from 
 a basket on the table to lick, as in scorn and contempt, the very 
 mace of a Society who night after night could sit and hear 
 such a cruel farrago without indignation, but with half-smiles 
 and simpers at the virginity of these unprotected and devoted 
 miserable animals. When Papers are publicly offensive, 
 rhey should be publicly reprobated, and not suffered to be fir-, 
 duced before the Royal Society upon a pretence of promor: - 
 natural knowledge. Why has the Society a Council: 
 The Council should be a literary and philosophical Grai.i 
 Jury. If it is.not so, it is of no use whatsoever, but to gratify t 
 silly vanity of dilettanti noblemen and busy Baronets. I shot I 
 think Mr. PLANTA,the very learned, accurate } and well inform !
 
 ( 86 ) 
 
 In morals, in religion, in the state, 495 
 
 In science, without order , all I hate. 
 
 OCTAV I US. 
 
 I hear, not quite convinc'd : T honour still 
 Consistent excellence and measur'd skill ; 
 Not Extracts, (k) Beauties, pun, or anecdote, 
 Of social (/) Nicoll or young Cadell bought, 500 
 
 Such 
 
 Secretary to the R. S. would be of my opinion. To make 
 such experiments as these, is to offer an insult to the Sacrarium 
 of the Most High. For my own part, I would extend the famous 
 speech of the Barons in the age of Henry the Third. I would 
 thunder in the ears of the President and of the whole Rdjja'l So- 
 ciety, as a body, " Nolumus Leges Nature mutari /" 
 
 (g) Here is another savage instance to no end or purpose 
 whatsoever, but mere cruel sport of curiosity. The Abbe Spa- 
 ianzani asserts that snails re-produce their heads after the amputa- 
 tion of the original capita. And he made experiments nume- 
 rous beyond belief, But in the Academie des Sciences 1778, 
 the reader will find Mr. Cotte differs from the humane Abbe, 
 and says, " that out of thousands of snails who have suffered the 
 operation, there have not been above five or fix of them, which 
 have, as it is pretended, reproduced their hfads." 
 
 (&&) Now/Asva xaQosarai* 
 
 St. Paul. 
 Part I.
 
 ( «7 ) 
 
 Such pie-bald patchwork knowledge, as the bags 
 By Sappho wrought from scraps (//') and colour'd rags. 
 
 Yet speak, the hour demands : Is Learning fled ? 
 
 Spent all her vigour, all her spirit dead ? 
 
 Have Gallic arms and unrelenting war 505 
 
 Borne all her trophies from Britannia far ? 
 
 Shall nought but ghosts and trinkets be display'd, 
 
 Since Walpole (Si) ply'd the virtuoso's trade, 
 
 Bade 
 
 (h) Extracts, &c— Constantine Porphyrogeneta, who was 
 seated on the imperial throne of the Greeks in the 10th century, 
 an age of much darkness, was the first person who employed 
 the literati of his age in making Extracts from the works of the 
 ancients. This employment has received it's consummation 
 in our time, in all the Beauties, Anas, Elegant Extracts, Ency- 
 clopedias, Anecdotes, &c. &c. which have almost superseded 
 the references to original writers, and created more half-scho- 
 lars than the world ever saw before. It is however not without 
 it's use, if judgment be exerted. It is rather singular that 
 the very mode which was adopted for the revival of learn- 
 ing in the early ages, should be now followed with the 
 opposite effect. — I am sorry that the Chief " Public bag-man " 
 of the age, Mr. Seward, will not approve this note. I always 
 approve his compilation in preference to all others. 
 
 (i) Mr. George Nicoll, Bookseller to the King. 
 
 (U) A favourite amusement of the ladies at this time. 
 
 (/;'/) The late ingenious Earl of Orford, Horace Walpole. The 
 spirit of enquiry which he introduced was rath. r frivolous, 
 though pleasing, and his Otranto Ghosts have propagated their 
 species with unequalled fecundity. The spawn is in every no- 
 vel shop.
 
 ( 88 ) 
 
 Bade sober truth revers'd for fiction pass, 509 
 
 And mus'd o'er Gothic toys through Gothic glass ? 
 Since states, and words, and volumes, all are new, 
 Armies have skeletons, (k) and sermons (/) too ; 
 So teach our Doctors warlike or divine, 
 Simeon by Cam, or Wyndham on the Rhine. 
 Or has Invention slept ? the modern store 515 
 
 What Athens or Chaldcea knew before ? 
 All that the Gallic sage, with ill-starr'd wit, 
 Kens from his ancient (»;) telescopic pit. 
 
 AUTHOR. 
 
 \k) The language of the House of Commons. It should 
 have been in other terms. " Sunt lacrymse rerum, et mentem 
 mortalia tangunt." Sorrow is sacred, and should have the lan- 
 guage of consolation even from the lips of a Statesman. 
 
 (/) See Claude's Essay on a Sermon with an Appendix, 
 containing one hunched Skeletons of Sermons &c. By Charles 
 Simeon, M. A. Fellow of King's College Cambridge. 1796.— 
 This is as ludicrous and absurd in a Divine, as the term is of- 
 fensive and unfeeling in Parliament during the miseries of war. 
 
 (m) See the " Origine des Decouveitcs attributes aux Mo- 
 dernes " /j.to Par Monsieur Dutkns. 1797. The work is rather 
 entertaining, but hy no means encouraging, if the 'Frenchman? did 
 not generally substitute conjecture for proof. He observes page 
 130, in his tenth chapter, " that the bottom ^fa/iit i from whence 
 Part I, " we
 
 ( 8 9 ) 
 
 AUTHOR. 
 
 All is not lost : (;;) the spirit shall revive : 519 
 Lovvth yet instructs, and Blayney's (0) labours live 5 
 With all who wander by the sacred fount, 
 (A chosen Band !) encircling Sion's mount, 
 Fast by the fanes and oracles of God, 
 And mark, with King (Ji), where waves his awful rod. 
 
 The 
 
 " we m.ny see the stars at noon-day, maybe imagined to be the 
 '* primitive telescope.'* Mr. Dutens may sit in calm contempla- 
 tion at the hottom of his ancient////, and from that natural primi- 
 tive telescope see whatever best pleases his fancy; for my own 
 part I prefer the prospect from a cliff with the assistance of mo- 
 dern ingenuity, whether invented by Democritus or Dollond. 
 
 («) I have in various parts spoken of those writers, who have 
 done honour to Great Britain ; and it is not possible for me to 
 name all those who, even now, form that constellation of ability 
 and talents which has been or may yet be difplaved, which Plu- 
 tarch might call, in language somewhat lofty, (I think in his 
 Treatise de placitis philosophorum) the TlohXuv •/.:>.: cvMyj^s 
 Aerepuv av^con^icov ocXK^DH STNAYTASMON. 
 
 (0) The deeply-learned Translator and Commentator on Je- 
 remiah, &c. &c, B. Blayney, D. D. Regius Professor of Hebrew 
 and Canon of Christ Church, Oxford. '
 
 ( 90 ) 
 
 The truth of evidence, the moral strain, 525 
 
 Nor 
 
 (ft) As The French Revolution and it'' s Consequences must occupy 
 and alarm the thoughts of every man who reflects, and stands in 
 awe of the misery and desolation which have been brought upon 
 the earth, and of the judgments which may be jet impending 
 over Europe, I think I may be excused by many persons for the 
 note which I am now writing. But first I recommend to all 
 those who either ignorantly, or impiously, or presumptuously 
 deny, reject, or vilify the Scrifttures, to pass it over entirely. 
 To them it will be foolishness. They have neither part nor lot 
 in such a discussion. But under this restriction, and under this 
 impression, I am inclined to extend the subject a little, and 
 would call the public attention with much earnestness to some 
 parts of a book printed in the beginning of the year 1788 in 410, 
 intitled " Morsels of Criticism, tending to illustrate some few 
 passages in the holy scriptures upon philosophical principles 
 and an enlarged view of things: by Edward King, Esq^ 
 F. R.A.S. printed for Robson and Robinson in 1788." The 
 title of it is objectionable on every account, open to ignorant 
 ridicule and unadvised; but had a second edition of the work 
 been called for, it might easily have been altered. The author 
 of it appears to me, (I speak from his book) to be a gentleman of 
 extensive erudition and ingenuity, and of accurate biblical 
 knowledge, perhaps a little too fond of theory and some- 
 times a little whimsical in his application of natural phi- 
 losophy; but never without a serious intention and a pro- 
 found piety. He never forgets the nature of the subjects 
 he is treating. He feems to approach the sacred writings with 
 that prostration of mind, that distrust of his own powers, and 
 that self-abasement, which are required of those who desire to 
 look into the hidden things of God. I speak of the spirit by 
 
 which
 
 ( 91 ) 
 
 NorHuRD has preach'd, nor Pale y taught in vain $ 
 
 R Socinus 
 
 which he appears to me to be conducted, and (I repeat it) I 
 speak/; om the work alone. I (hall contend for no interpretations 
 given by Mr. King or by any other man, but I may propose 
 them to public consideration. I never observed more cau- 
 tion and more wariness than in this writer. We know that it 
 is declared that u the book of prophecy is sealed till the time of 
 ' (om/detion ;" but the events of the world, of the Christian 
 world, are so awful and so alarming as to induce Us to believe, 
 that they happen not without the immediate providence and 
 decree of the Supreme Being against the superstition and cor- 
 ruptions of man, and for the fulfilling of the preparation for 
 those times, when'*' the Kingdoms of this world must (in 
 defiance of all human policy) become the kingdoms of God and 
 of his Christ !" I will therefore offer to thinking persons some 
 passages from this Work by Mr. King, written several years be- 
 fore the /iresent events had taken place in Europe, or could be 
 conceived to be possible. I am as little disposed to super- 
 stition and enthusiasm as any man living; and I do not give 
 them as additions to the idle prophecies and random conjec- 
 tures which have appeared in such numbers. I have too much 
 reverence for the reader and for myself on such a subject. But 
 the circumstance which peculiarly strikes me is this; that they 
 were written without any s/iCcific reference to any nation in Europe, 
 but simply and in general, that such times and such events 
 might be expected info?ne/iart of the Christian world. The first 
 passage I shall present, is a part of Mr. King's explanation of 
 "the 24th Chapter of St. Matthew's gospel, principally of the 
 29th verse. f In regard to which he says, " We may remark, 
 *' if the words are to be understood, as spoken merely emble- 
 •' matically, then the images made use of are such as are well 
 
 11 known 
 
 f Of courfc I refer the reader to th.. book, itself for the tenor of the iv'r.U 
 argument. 
 
 Part IV.
 
 ( 92 ) 
 
 Socinus droops, and baffled Prieftley flies, 
 
 And at the ftrength of Horsley (q) fhrinks and dies ; 
 
 Nor 
 
 " known to predict (consistently with their constant use in many 
 ¥ other parts of prophecy) a great dejiruftion and almojl annihila- 
 '* lion of many of those lawful powers which mle on earth, however 
 " beneficial any of them may be to the earth ; and a dreadful 
 
 " LESSENING OF THE DIGNITY AND SPLENDOUR OF ALL 
 
 " greatness, and a subversion of all good order and civil govon- 
 " men/. Than which nothing can be expected more formidable. 
 .** Dreadful indeed must be a time, (if such an one is to come) 
 .*' WHEN men are let loose upon each other, possessed of all their present 
 ¥ improvements and advantages, but unrestrained either by law and 
 *' civil government, or by conscience and good Jirinciple ; scorning the 
 ** admonition and authority of those who ought to maintain jus- 
 *' tice, and assisted by the more rude and barbarous parts of the world, 
 t( whom they shall find too ready to encrease the universal 
 " uproar/' Page 262 — 3. — At the conclusion of his Remarks 
 on the Revelations, Ch. 16. v. 13 and 14 he says : "Here, whi'e 
 " we maintain due reverential fear, our interpretation must end. 
 " Nothing but the events themselves when they come to pass, can rightly 
 " explain the rest. And they will certainly speak loudly 
 ¥ enough for themselves, as those before have done — Only F 
 '''- must just remark, that it seems, as {{persecution and the horrid 
 " influences of superstition, and of ignorance and of barbarism were 
 " allowed to produce their dire effects during the first part of the 
 f* period of the time described under the Vials ; and as if, Irre- 
 
 " LIGION, VANITY, AND A TOTAL WANT OF ALL SERIOUS 
 " PRINCIPLE, and a MISAPPLICATION of the refinempn is 
 ¥ of civilization, were to be allowed to produce their mis- 
 " chief also, at the latter end of that period !" page 453. Sej 
 also* p. 456 and 57, which I could wish to copy, the words are
 
 C 93 ) 
 
 Nor fccond (land in theologic fame 
 
 Sagacious Hey, (r) and Rennell's (;t) learned 
 name, 
 
 R 2 And 
 
 so important, and the style so dignified. In the conclusion of 
 which Mr. King observes, on the finishing cf the mystery of God, 
 " that as there should be false Christs and false prophets, so there 
 '* ftiould be also a dreadful subversion of all good government 
 " and order, and that men should he let loose upon each other, in 
 '*■ defiance of all civil power and jufil rule, and of legal restraint." 
 He subjoins some words too remarkable to be passed over. **/* 
 u will be happy for these who shall live some years hence, if they can 
 " prove me guilty of a mistake in this point. I speak and write 
 " with cautious reverence and fear; acknowledging that I am 
 M liable to error, and by no means pretending to frofhecy : hut still 
 11 apprehending myself bound not to conceal the truth, where 
 " any matter appears to be revealed in Holy Scripture; and es- 
 " pecially when the bringing an impending d nunciation to light, 
 " (if it be a truth) may be an awful warning and caution to 
 "many, and prevent their eecoming accessary to 
 " the evjl.*" Page 461. I must own, i am so struck with 
 
 these 
 
 * The following passage from the great Historian Jofephus, on the inatten- 
 tion and ignorance of man in regard to the divine predictions, is icraarkahJc. 
 The words are thefc : 
 
 'YdVTiX (XVJ, iKXVOttf ElXfpXVlTXl <>UVX.[J.ZVOC. T7/V TH ©£H tyviTlV TOL; 
 
 ayvotfcrtv, Eipixa/xav, on ttoixiKy) r's&Tt xcci TroKurpozc;, kat 
 Tuxvr-a. Kzb'a/pzv octtscvtu rsr.xy/j.evcJi, u rs Ss» y£ys<s9xi ^rfl^Xjygf 
 rr,v re tov a.;9puTruv ArNOIAN KAI AllISTlAN, fy' 
 y; 8o"£v trpdiosiv zocQrirszv ruv X7icG*n<ro{jt.;v(i;v, A<J>TAAKTOI 
 
 TE TAI2 2YM$OPAI2 nAPEAO0H2AN, fc 04*.*+ 
 
 y^avov avrcts sivxt rr,v e% OiVTUi TEtpxit $ix$vystv ! 
 
 Joseph. Antiq. Jud. Lib. 10. S. 3. p. 449. Ed. Hudson. Oxon.
 
 ( 94 ) 
 
 And Douglas, (rrr) hail'd afar from carliefl youth 
 Great victor in the well-fought field of truth. 530 
 
 Herschell, 
 
 these passages, that without any knowledge, of this illus- 
 trious layman but from his work, I could almost address him 
 in the fublime apostrophe of one of the most eloquent Fathers 
 of the ancient Church ; " AvSpwTre ra ©sw, Ttivrz dtpxTvev kx\ 
 oixovo/eae ruv th ©eh /xycrryjgjwv, Ave§ ziriQvi&iwv ruv rn Trvay/xa- 
 ios y xaXco 2s (rruXov xai e^pccicof^x rxs ExxX'/jtriar, Xoyov £aw 
 ETre^ovra, xat itiarsws Epsicr^a, xai tvvsV/jmtos xaraywyiov.''!" 
 — Thus % did this very learned and most pious man, in a strain 
 of serious, temperate, and impressive eloquence, deliver his 
 opinion and his interpretation. They will stand before us 
 and our posterity, as the memorial of that lonely wisdom, 
 that reverential application of the divine word, and of that 
 silent dignity, which can alone be attained by a retirement 
 (at intervals) from the world which God has made to Him 
 alone, and by that worfhip in spirit and in truth, which when 
 joined to human erudition and to the sober cultivation of the 
 understanding, will produce fruit unto life. — But I con- 
 clude ; humbly acknowledging and deeply feeling myself wholly 
 unequal, and altogether unworthy, to speak of the awful subli- 
 mity of such subjects. My office can be but ministerial ; it is 
 mine only to lead the aspirant to the door of the temple, xnd 10 
 retire. 
 
 f Gicgor. Naz. Orat. 19. (Op. Edit. Prunaei. p. 286. Paris 1609.) It was 
 pronounced before the great Basil, when seated upon the archicpiscopal throne 
 <jf Csesarca. (A. D. circ. 374.) 
 
 \ In the beginning of the year T788, which were probably written many- 
 years before they were offered to the public.
 
 ( 95 ) 
 
 Herschell, with ampler mind and magic glafs, 
 Mid worlds and worlds revolving as they pais, 
 Pours the full cluster'd radiance from on high, 
 That fathomless abyss of Deity. 
 
 Who 
 
 (<j) The Right Rev. Samuel Horsley, Bishop of Rochester. 
 In my opinion the controversy so ably maintained by this 
 Prelate, against the Herefiarch Priestley, is his peculiar 
 praise. Bishop Horsley reminds me of the celebrated Divine, 
 Charles Leslie. He has often the same strength, the same 
 acuteness, and sometimes the same coarfenefs of manner. But 
 the argument is cogent, the arms are irresistible. In theologi- 
 cal controversy, Charles Leslie and Bishop Horsley alway* 
 appear to me " JEac'ulce similes^ Fulcaniaquc arm a ca/iessunt.'" 
 
 (r) The Rev. John Hey, D. D. late Norrisian Professor in 
 the University of Cambridge. The arrangement, the learning, 
 the accuracy and extent of his researches in theologv, are con- 
 spicuous in his laborious and important work entitled ** Lec- 
 tures, &c." read as Profe c sor. — N.B. The entire work is not 
 yet published. (Oct. 1797.) 
 
 (rr) The Rev. Thomas Rennell, D. D. Author of a very 
 able, learned, and eloquent Jljiohgy for the Church of England, 
 preached in St. Paul's Cathedral, before the Sons of the Clergy, 
 May 10, 1796. 
 
 {rrr) The Right Rev. John Douglas, D. D. Bishop of Salis- 
 bury, a Prelate whose erudition, penetrating sagacity, and weL 
 directed efforts have discovered and overthrown many strong 
 
 holds
 
 ( 96 ) 
 
 Who in the depth abstruse of intellect §*$ 
 
 A greater now than Waring (ss) shall expect ? 
 Lo, where Philoiophy extends her fway, — 
 
 Guides future Navies o'er the trackless way, 
 More voluble and firm ; so, strong in thought, 
 The royal Synod Atwood (sss) sate and taught. 540 
 
 Who 
 
 holds of literary imposture. The names of Lauder and Bower 
 are only remembered to their infamy. — The Bishop's Treatise 
 on Miracles, called " The Criterion," should be reprinted. 
 Why is it not again presented to the public ? (Oct. 1797.) 
 
 (s) Dr. Herschell's new doctrine concerning the Materia 
 Solaris, has attracted much attention among the learned, I offer 
 to their consideration a curious passage, which I met with 
 when I was reading with a very different purpose. The Platonic 
 Pkoclus, in the third book of his Commentaries on iheTimjeus 
 of his great Master, mentions that Aristotle (whom, surely with 
 justice, he calls &a.vy.a,<rT0S ApiarorsX%s) hints, that neither 
 the Su-n, ncr even the Stars, are absolutely bodies of fire. The 
 words are these: " Ton rwv Aarp&v %opov, xat oevrov rov (Mayxv 
 H-Kiov, OYK ONTA EK HYPOS." Prodi Comment, in Timx- 
 um Plrt-jnis, Edir. Basil. Or. i ^34. pnge 141. There is another fin- 
 gular passage (not so explicit as this from Proclus) in the first 
 book de C<tlo of the Si-cond Ennead of Plci'mus the Platonicorum 
 Coryphaeus, as he has been called : he talks also rather quaintly 
 from Aristotle of a " Wv% m twv Att^wv trpootyopov Quasi." 
 Tluin: Ennead. 2L. 1 page 99, &c. Edit. Basil, cum Comment. 
 Eicini. — The reader is referred to Dr. Herschell's most curiou-s 
 paper " On the Nature and Construction of the Sun and Fixed 
 Stars." Phil. Trans. Parti. 1795.
 
 ( 97 ) 
 
 \V ho may forget thee,(/)BEATTi£ ? rustic(i/) Burns, 
 And all his artless wood-notes Scotland mourns* 
 With England's Bard, with Cowper, who shall vie? 
 Original in strength and dignity, 
 With more than Painter's fancy blest, with lays 
 Holy, as saints to heav'n expiring raise, x) 546 
 
 High 
 
 (ss) Edward Waring, M. D. Profes' or of the Mathematics in 
 the Univenity of Cambridge. 
 
 (w) See a Paper in the Philos. Trans. 1796. Part I. entitled 
 " The Construction and Analysis of geometrical propositions 
 determining the positions a sumed by homogeneal bodies which 
 float freely and at rest, on a fluid's surface, a so 'determining the 
 stability of ships and other floating bodies, by Gforge Atwood, 
 Esq. F. R. S." The R. S. presented Mr. Atwood with their 
 medal on this occasion. — The names of Herschell, Maskeync, 
 Cavendish, If r ocI/a.<tcn, Milr.er, &c. dignify the Royal Society. 
 We have yet fome " Mailer Builders in the Sciences," as Mr, 
 Locke once expressed himself. 
 
 (/ James Beattie, L«. L. D. Author of u The Mhstrel, z 
 books." It is to be for ever regretted that this true Poet and 
 most excellent man never finished his exquisite Poem. My mind 
 dwells upon if, particularly on the First Part, even from my 
 boyish days at fchooL ' 
 
 (v) Robert Burns. The Ayreshire Ploughman. An origi- 
 nal Poet. 
 
 (x) William Cowper, Esq. Author of " The Task." — Tom 
 Mwcrawv Ufrt Scxnr ! Such are the words of the divine Ascraean," 
 in hi3 Theogonia. Of these Muses seated on our <r.vn Parnassus, it 
 may be said, 
 
 " fieri
 
 ( 9« ) 
 
 High from the climes of Latium's happier day 
 The Muse on Roscoe (xx) darts her noontide ray* 
 And with each soft, each reconciling pow'r, 
 Sheds gleams of peace on Melmoth's (xxx) closing 
 hour i 550 
 
 Bright 
 
 ' There did th;y sit, and do their holy deed, 
 That pleas'd both heav'n and earth !" 
 
 Bishop Hall's Satires. B. 1. S. 2. 
 
 The conclusion of the Poet's work is so sacred, so dignified, so 
 unequalled in simplicity and unaffected piety, that I hope none 
 will read it without those sensations and without that improve- 
 ment it seems designed to inspire. 
 
 " But all in his hand whose praise I seek, 
 In vain the Poet sings and the win Id hears, 
 //'he regard not, though divine the theme. 
 'Tis not in artful measures, in the chime 
 And idle tinkling of a mimtrel's lyre, 
 To charm his ear, who looks upon the heart : 
 Who;e fr.own can disappoint the proudest strain, 
 Whose approbation — piosper even mine." 
 
 \ B. 6. 
 
 {xx) William Roscoe, Esq. the historian of Lorenzo de Medici 
 called the Magnificent. See the P. of L, Part HI. at the con- 
 clusi n. 
 
 {xxx) William Melmoth, Esq. a most elegant and distin- 
 guished writer, " near half an age with every good man's praise." 
 His translation of Cicero and Pliny will speak fcr him, while 
 
 Roman
 
 ( 99 ; 
 
 Bright to the goal in their sublime cafeef 
 Bryant and Burke (v) the torch triumphant bear $ 
 
 S While 
 
 Roman and English eloquence can be united. Mr.Melmoth is a 
 happy example of the mild influence of learning on a cultivated 
 mind, T mean of that learning which is declared to be the ali- 
 ment of youth, and the delight and confolation of declining 
 years. Who would not envy this w fortunate old man" his 
 most finished translation and comment on Tully's Catot or 
 rather, who would not rejoice in the refined and mellowed plea- 
 sures of so accomplished a gentleman and so liberal a scholar. 
 
 (<v) It is to be wished, that these two great men may now 
 conclude their political and .literary labours. " Finem (lignum et 
 Optimo viro et ojievc sanctissimo faciant ! Quintil.Lib. 12. Cap. II. 
 —Since writing the above, when I heard of the death of that 
 unequalled man, the Rt. Hon. Edmund Burke, % I could 
 Only say to my friend, 
 
 H (jLCtXa Xvypns 
 Tlsuatxi ayysXwj, v\ ax uQtXXe yevecQaj, 
 Kuroci HHAEIAH2 ! 
 
 Such was my veneration for this Great Man when living, such is 
 the depth of my homage and the secret affliction of my spirit at 
 his departure. It appears to me expedient and grateful, that we 
 should all remember and revere the man, to whose primal ex- 
 ertions (it cannot be repeated too frequently) we originally owe 
 the publick sense of the moral, political, and religious danger of 
 England from the grand crushing Cabal, grounded and rooted in 
 Fiance, and branching out and overshadowing all Europe. f I 
 speak, as I think, insincerity. Without much reflection we can- 
 not underftand the full nature and extentof the publick obligation 
 to Mr. Burke. I would not vindicate any man from the cradle 
 
 to 
 
 % July 1797.— See Mr. Burke's character, in "The Imperial fiy'nth 
 from Kien Long, "Emperor of China, to George the Third of Oreat Britain," 
 v. 117. page 10. Edit. 8vo. 1796, 
 
 f The Abbi Barruel has done a public service to Europe by his eloquent 
 and perspicuous delineation of the History of "Jacobinism in his work intitled 
 " Memohei four servir a I'histoire du Jacobinisme." I by no means fubscribc to 
 «/i the Abbe'' s opinions and particular doctrines, or to his -whims and fancies. 
 But in the disposition of the whole work I perceive the hand of a master. He 
 has discovered and traced from the very source the original Cabal,and its impi- 
 out infamous leaders; and he has laid down their fcheae, and disposed the proofs 
 Pa&t IV, from
 
 ( IOO ) 
 
 While Granta hails (what need the Sage to name?) 
 Her Iw'd Iapis on the banks of Cam. (vv) 
 
 But 
 
 to the grave ; much less a politician and a statesman. The very 
 region of Politics is baneful; it is too frequently " the soil the 
 rices like." Every statesman, in or out of power, knows his owrt 
 meanness, the turbulence of his passions, the rattles of office, 
 the irritation of opponents, the jealousy of rank, and the impa- 
 tience of consorted power. All this is true. But still, when I 
 have revolved the various labours of Edmund Burke, and the 
 cause he has maintained, (asit regards government, religion, 
 and society, not the details of the war and it's conduct)! say, with 
 this allowance for the feverous frailty of the passions, and the 
 taint of mortality in all our best actions, I would record in lasting 
 characters, and in our holiest and moft honourable temple, the 
 departed Orator of England, the Statesman, and the Christian, 
 Edmund Burke ! — " Remuneratio ejus Cum Altissimo !" 
 
 (w) I wish, (and every Etonian and every member of the 
 University of Cambridge of good character will join me heart and 
 hand) that this great, disinterested, virtuous and consummate 
 Scholar and Physician, iurco by learning and religion conducted 
 
 with 
 
 from their own authentic writings and works, in a convincing, orderly, and 
 logical arrangement. It is worthy to be read by all whj are interested in the 
 great caufe of God and man, and I hope it will be read and studied. It is 
 the best historical and critical commentary extant (except the events them- 
 selves) on Mr. l?urke's first work, called " Reflections on the Revolution in 
 France." 1790. — It is for such paramount reafons, that the Legiflature and all 
 the Magistrates of Great Britain are loudly called upon to n>iiio :' (while they 
 yet can controll with effect) by the law and by the law alone, i'uch works as- 
 those by Thomas Paine, and all the spawn of lewdness, infidelity and de- 
 mocracy in their vigour or in their dotage : to repress by law such popular 
 works or novels as iHEMoNK,by M. Lewis, Esq. M.P, which I have stated f 
 amply, as indecent and blafphemous ; and to watch over the proceedings o£ 
 Dr. Geddes J, the new Translator of the Bible. The plain questions arc thefe : 
 "Arf we to be preserver? and, •' Can we be rRF.stF.vrr>?" The 
 French Revolution is now matter of history. I mean of History speaking in 
 rvery language of every nation of Europe. One establishment upholds another; 
 and the fall of any one draws after it a long Ruin. Read the Memoires of the 
 Abbe Barruel, and doubt, If you can, whether Literatb-re has power 
 to kill and to make alive. Atheist Statesmen always co-operate with A 
 Philosophers, but are generally duped by them. " lit piennent letin ordr 
 iemvoii," said D'Alcmbert, in the plenitu.'e of hi-s impudence. The grand 
 triple Conspiracy and crushing Cabal, uni'crall its horrid formularies, against 
 religion, regal power, and social order under moral restraint, has shewn what 
 is the forehand potency of Liter at uf;e stimulated and conducted by an it- 
 terminating philosophy. Let England beware anb look to herself! 
 
 f Preface to Part IV. of the P. of L. p. 2, 3, 4, 5, & 6. % lb. ib. Prcf. to P. IV. 
 p. 19, /<c.
 
 { m ) 
 
 But whence that groan ? no more Britannia sleeps, 
 But o'er her lost Musarns (xx) bends and weeps. 556 
 Lo^every Grecian, every British Muse 
 Scatters the recent flow'rs and gracious dews 
 Where Mason lies ; he sure their influence felt, 
 And in his breast each soft affection dwelt, 560 
 
 That love and friendship know; each sister art, 
 With all that Colours, and that Sounds impart, 
 All that the Sylvan theatre can grace, 
 All in the soul of Mason " found their place !" 
 Low sinks the laurell'd head; in Mona's land $65 
 I see them pass, 'tis Mador's drooping band, 
 To harps of woe in holiest obsequies, 
 " In yonder grave, ', they chant, our Druid HesV 
 
 He (v) too, whom Indus and the Ganges mourn, 
 The glory of their banks, from Isis torn, 570 
 
 Tn learning's strength is fled, in judgment's prime, 
 In science temp'rate, various, and sublime ; 
 
 S2 To 
 
 with dignity to t^e close of life, may be known by this affec- 
 tionate verse to all posterity, "The lov'd I apis on the banks of Cam.'* 
 
 " Dus dilecte Senex, te Jupiter aequus opoitet 
 Nascentem, et mitt lustrarit lumine Phoebus 
 Atlantisque nepos ; neque enim nisi charus ab ortu 
 DUs su/ieris poterit magno favi:se poetae. 
 Ergo ego te Clius et magni nomine Phoebi 
 Manse Pater, jubeo longum solvere per ^.vum ! 
 
 Milton ad Mansum.
 
 f I02 ) 
 
 To Him familiar every legal doom, 
 
 The courts of Athens, or the halls of Rome, 
 
 Or Hindoo Vedas taught; for him the Muse 573 
 
 DistilPd from every flow'r Hybl^an dews - 3 
 
 Firm, when exalted, in demeanour grave, 
 
 Mercy and truth were his, he lov'd to save, 
 
 His mind collected, 'gainst opinion's shock 
 
 Jones flood unmov'd, and from the Christian rock, 
 
 Ccelestial brightness beaming on his breast, 581 
 
 He faw the Star, and worshipp'd in the Eaft. 
 
 Thou too, Octavius, that dread hour must feel, 
 Nor eloquence, nor wit, nor patriot zeal, 
 Nor piety sincere without the show, 585 
 
 Nor every grace Pierian pow'rs bestow 
 From pure Ilyssus and the Latian shore, 
 What Swift, or great Erasmus felt before, 
 May save thee ! — yet, yet long, so friendship calls, 
 May guardian Angels hover round the walls, 590 
 Where love and virtue fix their blest abode, 
 Friend of thy country, servant of thy God ! (yy) 
 
 Octavius, 
 
 (**) The Rev. William Mason, M. A. author of Elfridi, 
 Caractacus, Musaeus a Monody on Mr. Pope, The English 
 Garden, Sec. &c. &c. &c. 
 
 (y) Sir. William Jones. One of the Judges of the Su- 
 preme Court of Judicature in Bengal, &c. &c. &c, &c.
 
 ( io3 ) 
 
 Octavius yes, it is, it shall be mine, 
 With praise appropriate still to grace my line : 
 To me all heedless of proud fashion's sneer, 595 
 Maurice (z)is learn'd, and W-ilberforce sincere, 
 
 (Though 
 
 {yy) In this political and depressing period, it is some comfort 
 to divert the attention for a moment to such characters of literary 
 and poetical excellence as The Rev. William Mason, and Sir 
 William Jones — and to be able to add my own Octavius. Octa- 
 vius Optimus, are the legitimate words of Horace. With an 
 allowance for the partiality of friendship, (and who that ever felt 
 such an affection will refuse to grant it) and with sorrow thaC 
 miu he must neither be understood nor named y I assert with truth, 
 that Octavius is fornvd to move among the highest and the 
 foremost in the state, though contented and submitting to act 
 in a station, certainly not without honour, yet inadequate to his 
 faculties. — " Exornet cetat'n nostra glariam /" 
 
 (z) The Reverend Thomas Maurice, Author of " Indian 
 Antiquities, in 6 vol. 8vo." and of " the History of Hindostan, 
 ** it's Arts and it's Sciences, as connected with the History of 
 " the other great Empires of Asia, during the most ancient 
 *' periods of the world." Vo 1 . 1. 4W. is only yet published. 
 The public is well acquainted with their merits. But it is wirh 
 the most serious concern, that I read what Mr. Maurice hab de- 
 clared in his dedication, that " This History commenced under the 
 " patronage of the Court of East India Directors, is dedicated to 
 " them, in humble hopes of their continued support of a ivork, which 
 "must sink without that -f- support."— Learning has felt 
 a degradation from these words. I believe that William Pitt, 
 the first Earl of Chatham, would have wrested such a Scholar as 
 
 Mr. 
 
 f The E. I. Company subscribed for a certain number of Copies. ThU is 
 aot patronage,
 
 ( 104 ) 
 
 (Though on his page (a) some pause in sacred doubt) 
 
 As Gisborne (b) serious, and as Pott (c) devout. 
 
 For 
 
 Mr. Maurice from the hands of the Merchants, and placed him 
 under the direct patronage of the Crown. But the name of 
 William, (though Erasmus in one of his Epistles§ once dwelt upon 
 it with satisfaction,) is no more connected with literature. The 
 present Minister, the Rt. Hon. William Pitt, (though he holds 
 the second high office in a learned university) in this respect, can 
 only be delivered down to posterity, u as a negative instruction 
 to his successors for ever." But I neither call upon Nabobs, nor 
 Directors, nor Ministers with the same earnestness, or with the 
 same censure, asupotrthe Guardians and Bishops of the Church 
 of England. It is tu be remembered, that the whole tenor of 
 Mr. Maurice's writings is to establish the truth of Christianity 
 in general, as well as of some disputed doctrines, from the very 
 sources whence some of it's adversaries have drawn arguments 
 against if. The Archbishops of Canterbury and York, the 
 Doctors Moore and Markuam, the Bishops of London, and Dur- 
 ham, and Winchester, Porteous, Barrington, aud North, are 
 called upon to confer support and dignity on such a distinguished 
 champion of the truth of the cause. If they neglect it, without 
 an adequate reason, I affirm, they are guilty of a breach of duty 
 to the kingdom, and to the estnblishment they are appointed to 
 uphold. When I argue with Bishops on such a topic, I suppose 
 they acknowledge the force of a moral obligation, and I cannot 
 allow myself to think I suppose too much. " A dispensation is 
 *' committed unto them." Ojxovo/xiav ntTrtcrTtvvTa.i. I speak 
 with firmness, I am sure I mean to speak with respect. I am sorry 
 to say, they have not often such an opportunity. I speak not to 
 intiude upon the Bishops, but to point out to them a gentleman 
 whose promotion would be a matter of satisfaction to the learned. 
 
 I am 
 
 § Eyiit. GuIielmiBndxo. Erasmi Opera Edit. opt. vol. 3. Part I p. 184.- 
 
 Ep. Z03.
 
 ( i°5 ) 
 
 For Athens Cumberland (d) seems born alone 
 
 To' 
 
 lam not to be told, that researches like those of Mr. Maurice are 
 liable to the caprice of erudition, and of uncertain application, 
 and that his style, matter, and manner are frequently too luxu- 
 riant and diffuse. The foundation of a temple may be strong, 
 though every ornament on the pillars may not be just.— I never 
 saw Mr. Maurice in my life ; nor am I in the least acquainted 
 with him but by his writings and character. (June 1797.) 
 
 (a) See, " A Practical View of the prevailing religious system 
 of Professed Christians in the higher and middle classes in this 
 country, contrasted with real Christianity." By William 
 Wii.EERFORCE,Esq. M. P. for the county of York. —Some very 
 serious persons have their doubts as to the theological principles 
 of this work in their full extent, and I fear it is sometimes too 
 rigid and exclusive in it's doctrines. There is also too much of 
 a sectarian language, which cannot be approved. But of the 
 intention, virtue, learning, and patriotism of the eloquent and 
 well-informed Senator, I have the most honourable and decided 
 opinion. His work is vehement, impassioned, urgent, fervid, 
 instant ; though sometimes copious to prolixity, and in a few 
 parts even to tediousness. Perhaps it is the production of an 
 orator rather than of a writer. Throughout the wh< le, there 
 is a manly fortitude of thought firm and unshrinking. But 
 for my own part, for obvious reasons, I dislike the term, 
 " Real Christianity," as exclusively applied to any set of propo- 
 sitions drawn from the Gospel. If I regard external circum- 
 stances, I would not indeed take theology from Athanasius or 
 Bossuet, morality from Seneca, or politics from Lansdown or 
 Syeys. But I will own, that from a scrutiny into the publick 
 and private character of Mr. Wilberforce, I am inclined to 
 think that his enemies would be /creed into an acknowledgment, 
 (as it is recorded in the words of a prophet), that " they can 
 
 ' find
 
 To bid her comic Patriot be our own ; 
 
 Nor 
 
 find no occasion against this man, except they find it against 
 him concerning the Jaw of his God." A reader of his work 
 must be good or bad in the extreme, who may not receive some 
 advantage from the awful composition. I am indeed unworthy 
 to praise it, and I fee! myself so. If I may descend from 
 divinity to mere philosophy, J shall add, that if Mr. Wilber- 
 force proceeds and acts upon the sublimity of such principles, 
 we may apply to him the expressions drawn from the fountain 
 of Plato by his most enthusiastic votary, Plotinus. " A<p* 
 *' locvrtt lAsruGouvsi, vt sixcov vrpo$ ocp^srvTrov, rsXo; sx av rr '$ 
 " 7rcpaia; !" He will best comprehend the high and holy sen- 
 tence which declares what is the life of such men ; " Ovrat 
 fiewv xui uvQpoj'xoJv Osiuv xoci Ef^aj/u-ovwv C»or, airaXXayv) ruv 
 aXXwvrwv rrih, Qio; aw^cw; twv t-^6, <£TfTH MONOT 
 nPO£ MONON!" Plotini Ennead: 6. L. 9. c. xi. 
 
 (6) The Reverend Thomas Gisborne, M. A. Author of an 
 Enquiry into the Duties of Men, &c. and of the Female Sex, 
 &c. &c. eminently entitled to the public esteem and gratitude. 
 
 (c) The Rev. J. H. Pott, M. A. the learned and excellent 
 Arch-deacon of St. Alban's. In his writings instructive, la- 
 borious in his office, and exemplary in his profession. 
 
 (d) RichardCumberl ant), Esq. an author of various talents, 
 and of very considerable learning. Tt is scarcely necessary to 
 enumerate his compositions, in particular his dramatic works, 
 which have received the sanction of pubtick esteem. In my opi- 
 nion he has done very great service to the cause of morality and 
 of literature. He is author of a work called "The Observer," and 
 from the translations in that work of the fragments of the Greek 
 comic writers, I believe all learned readers willagree, that he is the 
 only man in the kingdom (with whom we we/iublicfy acquainted) 
 
 equal
 
 ( i°7 ) 
 
 Nor yet ungrac'd may Sulivan (b) remain, 
 Serene in fancy, nor in science vain, 
 Yet still, though oft his various works I scan, 
 I quit the volume, when I find the man. 
 
 Good books (b) are the mind's bread : (excuse the 
 phrase, 605 
 
 Gifford will bear the term, and Cowper praise) 
 
 T They 
 
 equal to the translation of Aristophanes. I wish it were to be the 
 amusement of his retired hours. I shall never think he has been 
 " public too long," but as he has quitted the stage, (as he affirms 
 himself,) such a translation would be an easy, yet an adequate 
 and honourable employment for a man of unquestionable ge- 
 nius, versatility of talents, knowledge of the world, and a con- 
 summate majler of the poetical language of our best ancient 
 dramatic writers. Let us hope that Aristophanes may yet be 
 our own. 
 
 (a) Richard Joseph Sulivan, Esq. F.R.S. and F.A.S. au- 
 thor of " Philosophical Rhapsodies, &c. and of a work entitled 
 " A View of Nature, in Letters to a Traveller among the Alps, 
 with Reflections on Atheistical Philosophy now exemplified in 
 France, in six vol. 8vo." Printed for T. Becket, Pall Mall. 
 A work of labour and of general utility, digested from original 
 writers with judgment and with an upright virtuous heart, in a 
 pleasing and instructive manner. I dwell with affection on 
 such a character as Mr. Sulivan ; and, if this were the 
 place and if India were the theme, I might make honourable 
 mention of the works and excellence of his Brother, John 
 Sullivan, Esq. 
 
 (b) It is pleasing and satisfactory to think that all books 
 which are abfolutely required to ftrengthen, exalt, purify, and in- 
 form the understanding, and consequently to correct and en- 
 
 Part IV. - large
 
 ( io8 ) 
 
 They give the life-blood, nutriment and health, 
 And laugh to scorn the insolence of wealth. 
 
 OCTA- 
 
 large the affections and the heart, are of easy access and of 
 easy price. With the luxury of learning and the modern ele- 
 gance of types and paper, I have nothing to do, but earnestly 
 to delineate all needless extravagance and brilliant folly in new 
 publications ,J if they are defigned to be of service to the world, 
 and to be purchased. The august and sublime monuments of 
 religion and of genius may be adorned without blame, or rather 
 with great commendation. When the Bible, Shakspeare, and 
 Milton appear in all the splendour of typographic art and the 
 magnificence of decoration from the pencil, who does not feel 
 a secret pride in the honour reflected on the discerning libera- 
 lity of his country? Such books may be considered as typogra- 
 phical pictures by eminent artists. Pictures however are not 
 necessary for the closet of a student! but they may adorn the 
 museums of a nation or an university, and dignify the reposi- 
 tories of the opulent and patrician literati. Atticus is magnifi- 
 cent in such patronage, though Rutilus may incur fome cen- 
 sure. This is a noble and a laudable use of the superfluity of 
 wealth. It is also political in the higheft degree. In times like 
 these men of talents and genius, when unemployed and let loose 
 upon the world, become too frequently the pests of society and 
 the canker worms of the commvinity. — It is indeed high time 
 to awake out of sleep, and to discern the peculiar use of even- 
 blessing. In all our actions, we fhonld have a vievv to the sta- 
 bility of society and of well-regulated government. It becomes 
 tis all to observe and separate the essential and unvarying laws 
 of order from the principles of confusion, and the dictates of 
 sound sense from the wildness of ungoverned fancy and of pre- 
 sumptuous intellect; that the grand end and aim may at last be 
 effected, that we may, by choice and conviction, turn from 
 lying vanities to the spirit of truth and of life. 
 
 X Every man has reprobated the manuo . of printing tbt p/ossy account of 
 the Britim Embassy to China, as published by Sir George Staunton, in 4to j 
 and the public has not forgotten the unreasonable demand upon them in the 
 increase.! price, in open violation of the original agreement and propofal. Was 
 it for this, Sir George, that the E. I. Company gave Three Thousand 
 Pounds for the plates 5 I shall at present say nothing of the tvork as a 
 composition.
 
 ( 1^9 ) 
 
 OCTAVIUS. 
 Here close the strain : and o'er your studious hour 
 May truth preside and virtue's holiest pow'r! 610 
 Still be your knowledge temp' rate and (e) discreet, 
 Though not as Jones sublime, as Bryant great ; 
 
 T 2 Pre- 
 
 (e) The advice of Octavius is good, but not applicable to a 
 man so insignificant a? his friend. — But to men of knowledge 
 sftd of ability in every department of life it is of deep impor- 
 tance. I lament and sm indignant, when I think of such a scho- 
 lar as Dr. Parr, and the waste of erudition and talents. L et 
 him stand for a genus. The want of discretion and prudence 
 has ruined more men of learning and genius than the time would 
 allow me to mention. Without this sobriety of intellect no- 
 thing is strong, nothing is great. Without this prudence, with- 
 out a discernment of time and circumstance, and the habit of regu- 
 larity, without an attention to the decencies of society and of 
 common life and of the principles by which all men, however 
 gifted, must indiscriminately be conducted, all our attain- 
 ments are nothing woith. They will never procure uses- 
 teem or respectability among men. The world will but smile 
 at fuch scholars; and ministers, when called upon to promote 
 them, will tell you not without reason, " .thy are not producible.''''* 
 Let me give two passages on this subject, one from. Milton, 
 the other from Dr. Johnson, variously applicable and of deepest 
 
 consequence. 
 
 " He who reads 
 Incessantly, and to his reading brings not 
 A spirit and judgment equal or superior, 
 Uncertain and unsettled still remains, 
 Deep vers'd in books, and shallow in himself, * 
 
 Crude or intoxicate, collecting toys, 
 As children gathering pebbles on the shore." 
 
 P. R. b. 4. v. 322. 
 
 To 
 
 * The words of the Duke of Newcastle on such an occasion, when he was 
 Prime Minister in George the Second's reign. They were spoken of a man, 
 whole genius, talents, eloquence and erudition honoured and supported the 
 Church of England. And he was not promoted.
 
 ( "o ) 
 
 Prepar'd to prove in Senate, or the Hall, 
 That states by learning rise, by learning fall ; 
 Serene, not senseless, through the awful storm, 615 
 In principle sedate, to shun (/) Reform ; 
 
 To 
 
 To men of genius (as at lead they are called) Dr. Johnson gave 
 this folemn admonition: " This relation (of the life of Sa- 
 vage) will not be wholly without it's use, if those who, in con- 
 fidence of superior capacities or attainments, disregard the com- 
 u mon maxims of life, shall he reminded that nothing ivill supply 
 *' the -want of prudence, and that negligence and irregularity, 
 *' long continued, will make knowledge useless, -wit ridiculous, and 
 ** genius contemptible " Dr- Johnson's Life of Savage, at the 
 conclusion. 
 
 " Deign on the passing world to cast thine eyes, 
 " And pause atuhile from letters, to be wise." 
 
 (f) No fa&ions ever proceeded to attempt a Revolution 
 in any country, but first under the pretence and through the Me- 
 dium of a Reform. We have been told with effrontery and with 
 falshood, that the Constitution of England exists only in the 
 imagination; yet we may read the Bill of Rights. The fact is 
 this. Modern framers of political constitutions will never be 
 satisfied, till they are laid down like the elements of mathema- 
 tics in the manner of Euclid. Definitions, Axioms, Postu- 
 lates, primary propositions, subsequent propositions, built upon 
 and proved by the preceding, with corollaries and deductions. 
 One strange writer, (perhaps it is the first time the reader ever 
 heard of him) says, " a Constitution must be produced intire 
 end at the fame time, it must be simple in it's construction, 
 '* and perfect in all it's parts.'' Malkin's Essays on Civiliza- 
 tion, 8vOt (1795) p. 122. I had fondly thought that Lord 
 
 Bacon
 
 ( III ) 
 
 To mark man's intellect, it's strength and bound, 
 
 Nor 
 
 Bacon had distinguished the works of nature from thofe of art, 
 in that masterly and memorable sentence, " Natura omnium 
 partium rudimenta simul parit et procreat." (De Augm. Sci- 
 ent.) I suppose a political Constitution is the work of -hu- 
 man art. Indeed if Mr. Malkin were describing a perfect 
 poem, epic or tragic, he could not have expressed himself 
 more critically. Yet thus it is, that our prefent theoretical 
 writers sport with man and his passions. They certainly 
 confider us all as passive machines, and they a/i/ily their laws, 
 with as much cool indifference to their fellow creatures, and 
 with as little feeling, as they would a/i/ily the axe or any 
 mechanical instrument to lop a tree or to raise a weight. Their 
 systems uniformly proceed on this principle. They never 
 vary. Mercy is not in all their thoughts ; there is neither al- 
 lowance for human frailty, nor revision of judgment. Man has 
 offended : he must die the death. " Gnossius haec Rhadaman- 
 thus habet durissima regna." We have all seen and felt, 
 ivhat the revolutionary principle is. We must never for a mo- 
 ment forget, that the object of France, from her first revolution, 
 has been and is to change the government in every state in Europe 
 and in every part of the world which -she can pervade or in- 
 fluence. Look in Germany, in Belgium, in Italy, in Spain, in 
 the isles of the Eaftern or of theWeftern Archipelago; cart your 
 view, broad and unrestrained, from the dominions of the Porte 
 to the banks of the Ohio or the Missisippi, not a state, not a 
 fortress, not a work, not a fragment of nature or of art, not a 
 cliff, not a torrent, not a precipice, but has felt the shock and im- 
 pulse of revolutionary terror. Abyssus abyssum invocat ! One deep 
 has called upon another, the winds have blown the signal of en- 
 counter, and the cataracts are roaring and conflicting ; or in the 
 resounding language of the poet of Panopolis f, 
 
 Bpovrxw £xpu$is<7ro$ eCo/xCsev o/xCfio; %%oj ! 
 f Nonnus, Dionys. Lib. 41. v, 84. p. 1059. Edit. Hanov. xCio.
 
 V II2 ) 
 
 Nor deem stability on change to found ; 
 
 To 
 
 I must claim excuse and indulgence for my expressions. My 
 mind is either borne down or hurried away with the terrors of 
 impending desolation, and the 'overthrow or confufion of fixed, 
 regulated, established government. My sensations are soli- 
 tary ; but they are deep. Tr,v \py% r ' v ^ 8 ^* H PX. STai P°/^<?> a ' a ' 
 I have indeed the consolation of affectionate and honourable 
 friendship, and I am not without the approval of a few who 
 are wife and good : but I cannot say that " in my life time I 
 have had too much of noise and compliment.!'' I have risen, 
 in silence; and in peace and privacy it is my desire to set and 
 to depart. But can any of us see what we have seen, and not labour 
 to avert it from our own country? If I could conceive a 
 being of lefs political significance than myself, I would call 
 even on him for assistance. The objeil, the undiverted object of 
 France is the overthrow of England ! Nos Nostraque, 
 the form of our government, the fundamental laws, and the 
 principles by which property is acknowledged and secured. These 
 have been attacked by assault, by storm, by breach, by sedi- 
 tion, by the arms of ribaldry, of obscenity, of blasphemy. At 
 onetime they open upon us the floodgates of treason and mad- 
 ness, at another they sap the foundation by a circuitous stream 
 winding and working unperceived. They know that a Revo- 
 lution can alone be effected by a Reform. There is no other 
 mode. A state may prove bankrupt; but a revolution is not 
 the necessary consequence of bankruptcy. I view with fer- 
 tile finances of Great Britain, but not without a rational hope 
 of final though tardy restoration. The proposal of Reform 
 is my specific apprehension. The proposers of Reform, 
 such as Mr. Pitt formerly and Mr. Grey at present, I 
 
 firmly 
 
 + An expression in the affecting Will of the Rt. H. Edmund Burke. What 
 declaration, what testimony, what experience will convince us of the " Vera 
 bona atque iUis multum diversa, remota erraris nebula ?"
 
 < "3 ) 
 
 To feel with Mirabeau that " Words are (g) Things," 
 
 While 
 
 Irmly believe are without bad intentions. But I would 
 esist them both. I confess I never could understand the great 
 Lord Chatham's celebrated expression of ** infusing a portion 
 if nerj health into the constitution to enable it to bearit's 
 nfirmities." Junius (in his very last letter) calls it " brilliant 
 nd full ofintrinfic wisdom." For my own part, I think it but 
 false glitter and full of intrinsic nonsense, when applied politic 
 cally. It is mere rage of metaphor. It is to call the mind a 
 sheet of white paper, till at last we are brought to think there- 
 semblance to be the very thing signified. The ufe of metaphor 
 is to illustrate, not to prove. But we are always cheating and 
 deluding ourselves. Government, take it in any of it's complex 
 forms, can be carried on but in three ways: by unsullied prin- 
 cipleand undeviating vi.tue in the Governors and perhaps in 
 the peoplej by force arid terror; or by mitigated law and influence. 
 Who does not wish for the first? who expects to see it ? Instates 
 highly civilized, the mixed mode of law and influence on the 
 minds of free agents appears to me the only mode in which 
 tranquillity, security, and general happiness can be tolerably 
 preserved, with the allowance of human frailty. I detest 
 corruption, open or secret, as much as any man. But 
 when I see an assembly formed on any pi inciples however sub- 
 lime, or deep, or disinterested, I remember it is formed of men. 
 Menander said long ago ; Av9pw7ro? ! ixav» Trpotyacri;. It is man ; 
 his name explains the reft. I never will consent to think, that 
 Government is a matter of perpetual experiment. Graft new 
 regulations upon the old principles by a gradual removal of 
 what is absurd, obsolete, useless, or an incumbrance. It was 
 the boast of Citizen Lord Stanhope, that he would teach the 
 Judges law, and the Bishops religion. I have no such ambition : 
 but at present I would recommend to Charles Abbott Esq. M.P. 
 the new Digester of our Laws, not to be too subtle in the process. 
 
 It
 
 ( "4 ) 
 
 While in Delusion's ear their magic rings, 620 
 
 Through 
 
 It isnot every political chemist who can throw off into his work 
 the spirit of legislation, unmingled with the grosser dregs and 
 feculence of the mass. Caution is not timidity. Let us now 
 2nd at all times be vigilant with determinate courage. We 
 know what freedom, what equality of power among the citizens, what 
 fraternity, what comfort, what happiness and what security 
 France has offered, and given too, to all countries, who have 
 either bowed voluntarily, or have been subjected, to her tyranny. 
 Take Cicero's expreffions. As to themselves ; Licet, quod vide- 
 " tur, publicum judicare; quod judicavcrint,vendere. i ' > As to other 
 nations, friend or foe ; "Perspici non potest, utrum severitas acerbior, 
 an benignitas qutestuosior sit." Such are the words in that elabo- 
 rate and consummate Oration on the Jgrarian Law, which every 
 man would do well to read and consider in the original or in 
 a translation, It is peculiarly pertinent to the present time. 
 When Demosthenes raised his mighty voice against a decree 
 proposed by one Aristocrates, he bespoke the attention of his 
 audience as to a piivate man, who had neither part in the ad- 
 ministration of the state nor influence from his connections. 
 He bespoke their favour on this ground. He thought the 
 interest of Athens was alone a sufficient plea. " E7rs^av uyj. 
 
 TUV £VO%X»VTUV IHJLO.S, »^£ TCVV 7TS TtoXiTEUfASVCOV X.0CI 7rKTT£VC(JLEVav 
 
 t Rtt.p , v(Aiv uv, 7rpayfxx TajXixarov tynfju Ssi^siv Trsirpay/jLEvov."-^ 
 For my own part without any other pretension, political or 
 literary, than the love I feel to my country, her laws, her 
 ordinances, and her government, and the labour I have exert- 
 ed to understand and to preserve them, I would remind my 
 Countrymen in this perilous and pressing hour, of the eloquent 
 words of Demonax, as they are recorded by Lucian ; " Consti- 
 * l tutions and doctrines like these you never will decree, till you have 
 " first removed or overthrown the altar of mercy!" The 
 
 words 
 
 f Kara Apurroxpccrw ,:_ Dcmosth. Op. Gr. Ed. Bcncn. i 5 7». 
 p. 403.
 
 . ( "5 ) 
 
 Through states, or armies, in the camp, or street, 
 
 U And 
 
 words of the original are full of dignity : M-n 7rporepov, u A&w- 
 vaioiy xJ/Tj^jugffQs, av ptn th EAEOT tov Cw/xov xaflg^rs. Lu- 
 cianDemonax. p. 555. Fol. Bourdelotii. 
 
 (g) A celebrated saying of the famous Mirabeau, in the be- 
 ginning of the French Revolution. — I would, in this concluding 
 note, observe with great earnestness and affection to my coun- 
 try, that in all the departments of society, government, reiigion, 
 or literature, the French have all times maintained one unvarying 
 system ofdece/ition,when under the ancient monarchy, or»w under 
 the iron tyranny of their new republic/ Their manner of rea- 
 soning is, and always has been, sophistical. We are in perpe- 
 tual danger of being milled by the appearance of reason. We 
 have always ground for distrust. Take a specimen from thou- 
 sands and tens of thousands of instances. Many years ago, in 
 a collection entitled " Lettres Historiques et Politiques," 
 a French Statesman used these words to Mr. D'Alembert. " Je 
 " ne veux point admettre dans les arrets deConseil un vrai trivial^ 
 *' une clarte troji familiere. Je veux un vrai de recherche, une 
 M clarte elegante, une naivete fine, toute brillante de termes /torn- 
 " Jteux, releves ino/iinement de phrases arrondies, de vocatifs in- 
 " termediaires et d'adverbes indefinis." Lett. Hist, er Polit. Vol. 
 4. p. 176. Nothing can be more characteristic of French States- 
 men. Be but sufficiently unintelligible, have but your vocatifs 
 intermediaires et your adverbes indifims, and the business is done. 
 Language without meaning, phrases to blind the people, and 
 ideas to delude. But when the scheme is accomplished, and 
 when they obtain the /tower, their language is perfectly intelligible. 
 —Next take an instance in literature. Men of learning have 
 always had a proper value for the Greek language, for reasons 
 too obvious for me to state. In general the French are ignorant 
 Part IV. of
 
 ( 1*6 ) 
 
 And now a school revolts, and now a Fleet* 
 
 Go, 
 
 of it. Indeed Mr. Camus (the Deputy) some time ago published 
 art Wit J m of Aristotle FIcpi Zwa>v, moderate enough as I thought 
 from a slight inspection. But in general the French Philoso- 
 phers, who by their works prepared the Revolution, are per- 
 petually despising or ridiculing the Greek language. I only 
 speak of their/«#»«<?rof effecting their purpose. One of the acutest 
 and m st insidious of them all,Mr. D'Alembert,has these words. 
 " Ah, si vous soviet le Grec ! — Ceux qui scavent, ou croient savoir, 
 1' Hebreu, 1 Arabe, le Syriaque, le Cophte ou le Coftte (as if he 
 cared how it was pronounced,) le Persan, ou le Chinois, pensent 
 et parlent de menu et par les memes rai<ons." D'Alembert Me- 
 langes de Literature et de Philosophic Vol. 5. p. 526. We see, 
 the French Philosopher by confounding the Arabic, Coptic, Syriac 
 and Chinese with the Greek, insinuates that there is an equal use in 
 them all, that i?, to the generality of scholars and to the world 
 at large, little or no use at all. This does not merit any answer j 
 but we see the nature of a French Philosopher's proof and the 
 manner of his argument. In short, he either knows every thing, 
 or there is no manner of use at all in any thing that he does not 
 know. QJLD. I think from continued observation, I under- 
 stand the nature of these men. Their literature, their politics, 
 their philosophy, all terminate in the same point. li Croyez 
 Moi," are the words, whether they speak to an individual, or 
 to the nations of the universe. — Now, since the Revolution, 
 from reasoning they have betaken themselves to single words. De- 
 ception still. Mirsbeau said true, "Words are things." I can- 
 not help observing that the Athenians (whose government was 
 popular, and consequently tyrannical, and manured with the 
 blood of her own citizens) had a custom of softening 
 
 the
 
 ( "7 ) 
 
 Go, warn in solemn accents bold and brief, 
 
 U 2 The 
 
 the appellation of things which naturally conveyed an 
 idea of terror. This may be found in a most curious extract, 
 preserved by the very learned Photiusfrom the 4th book of -the 
 Chrestomathia ofHELLADius Besantinous ; the words are these. 
 *' T0//.7) ZvcrtyvnAot. Xiyziv ntaai rot; YiaXxioi; ^povnr oiv, iaolXivtz, 
 £s roi; ASwaiCK* $i'> *#» to Accr/x^-n^ jov cix.n(j.x exaAav, y.ai 
 " tov Aajajov Ksjvc/V, Tar £e Epivvy.x; oz[x\xs (leas' ktX." Photii 
 Bibliothec. Sect. 279. pag. 1503. Edit. 1653. In the same man- 
 ner the French apply the terms Equality, Liberty, Fraternity, &C. 
 for Tyranny, Desolation, Oppression and Plunder. This is 
 we 1 understood. It would be presumption to enlarge on this- 
 subject to a kingdom so enlightened, so dignified, and 1 may add 
 so prepared as Great Britain. We have every thing to lose. We 
 have, under our own form of government, comfort, piotection, 
 honour, security, and happiness.The price of preserving them is 
 indeed great, very great ;but the price of anarchy,reform,andr'7KW- 
 //vVa^/tconfusion, would be greater beyond all calculation. We have 
 a foe powerful and perhaps unrelenting. But all states yield at 
 last to circumstances ; and policy will grant what affection 
 would refuse. The most ardent wish of my heart is a shcure 
 Peace, after a war for ever to be deplored, bloody, fatal, 
 and expensive beyond all example ; but which I always believed, 
 and still believe, to have been inevitable. We have still many 
 and great Resources ; but the times never called with so loud and 
 so commanding a voice for wisdom, discernment, and integrity, 
 for temperate, and timely, and gradual concession with dignity 
 and security, and for an ceconomy rigid and undeviating, on the 
 part of our governors ; and for obedience, acquiescence under tem- 
 porary pressure, alacrity in defence, and vigilance, and loyalty, 
 2nd steadiness in all the subjects of this land. We have no need 
 
 of
 
 ( «« ) 
 
 The slumb*ring Minister, or factious Chief, 
 
 Mourn 
 
 of the Roman f Armilustrium ; our arms are -purified already. 
 Our Soldiers are loyal, and honourable, and without spot. They 
 have been weighed in the balance, and found perfect. And I 
 trust our naval flag will never again wave but in defiance to our 
 enemies. We are not lost, if we continue firm. We must re- 
 member that all the leagues of French Factions and their Lead- 
 ers, in England or in any country, never relent. They know not 
 the meaning of the term. There is as much mercy in them, tonse 
 the phrase of Shakspeare, as there is milk in a male Tiger. If they 
 are called upon to retract, or to declare their full purpose, or to 
 lender their reasons to the country, they give us manifestos and 
 declarations from their clubs. They tell us of corruption, and re- 
 form, and all the sophisms of anarchy and revolution. So thun- 
 dered theOrator of Athens against such men:"Avri th owrooavai, 
 aocpKS[xccra lupKrx.aai, xaci mmp&yfqjQmS, x<*< ^potpaaen;, itovnporxTOi 
 <r,v9paj7ray *a,i a.^ixara.roi.' ,m But Justice has her balance, and 
 theswoid is not borne in vain. " At home (I take the words 
 *' of Sir John Finch in the 4th of Charles I.) at any rate Autho- 
 
 ** RITY MUST BE V INDIC ATED//0W Contempt^ SINCE THE LIFE OF 
 
 ^government is reput ATioN."And we should remember,that 
 ** None are so bold as the factious in company, none so fearful 
 *' apart." We may have good hope, for we have a good cause. 
 When perhaps the greatest statesman and the greatest orator 
 that ever headed an oppofition, demands an audience of his So- 
 vereign, I would willingly suppose, that the principle of his heart// 
 »<//<kworr«//Y.*thoughIthink his principles//* ^wa^are very dange* 
 rousatthistime. I would hope wemay yet be redeemed. It was the 
 
 boast 
 
 f See Varro dc Ling. Lat. Lib. 5. 3. for the word and the illustration of it. 
 Festus also may be consulted. 
 
 * Vid Dcmosthen. Orat. Tlpos twiv AciKpiTH TrapaypoKpW. — Dera. 
 Ed. Gr. Benenati 1570. p. 546. Why will not our Statesmen study De- 
 mosthenes r Is he not allowed to be the vc/y first politic*/ Orater ? Mr. 
 Fox virtually understands his manner better than any man in England. 
 Jle docs not exert it for the same good end. 

 
 ( "9 ) 
 
 Mourn proudest empires prostrate in the dust, 625 
 
 Tiaras, 
 
 boast of the Roman Emperor Augustus, that he found the City of 
 brick,and left it of marble.I trust we shall not reverse this memo- 
 rable saying. I trust that the public credit of the nation will revive, 
 and that in this respect, when speaking of Mr. Pitt, it will not be 
 engraven with an iron pen and in the rock of England for ever, 
 11 Auream invenit, chartaceam reliquit." I think I can discern 
 the firm establishment of lawful constitutional power in the 
 plunges of meditated convulsion; and the return of day in the 
 moment of greatest obscuration. I have loved my country 
 from my earliest years, from a conviction of the excellence of 
 the Constitution and of that balanced liberty it was formed to 
 maintain. I am grateful for the protection and the blessings 
 it has afforded, and is yet mighty to preserve. — I am again t 
 (much againft my will, and I sincerely apologize for re- 
 peating the subject, ) finally called upon to declare, with 
 solemnity and with that truth which I have ever 're- 
 vered and preserved, that this whole composition, verse and 
 prose, is the work of one hand. In this assertion I have 
 no mental reservation. I never wore the weeds of Do- 
 minic, or drank from the cup of Loyola. If this declaration will 
 not suffice, I shall leave the sable birds of detraction to the 
 hoa rseness cf their own clamours and to the worms on which 
 they feed. I shall soar upward to the source and fountain of 
 light. It is also frequently insinuated and sometimes boldly 
 asserted, to be written in conjunction with many learned and 
 eloquent friends in the groves and retreats of our beloved Aca~ 
 dtme. It is true' indeed, " By the waters of Cam I have fat 
 " down and wept, when I remembered thee, O Sion! as for my 
 •* harp, I have often hanged it up among the trees that are 
 11 therein." I wished to " sing one of the songs of Sion." But, 
 as it seems, it is an honourable Conspiracy, ^Conspiracy to vindi- 
 cate,
 
 ( 120 ) 
 
 Tiaras, fanes, and pontiffs, crown and bust, 
 
 And 
 
 cate,torecommend,and toupho'dthecaufe ofgovernment,ofChris- 
 tianrtlig ; on,of learning, andof good manners ! Would it were fo! 
 Such united talents might do their perfect woik. I have only to 
 lament the unworthiness of him who has presumed, without 
 assistance or co-operation, to undertake that office alone ; 
 
 " To intermit no tuatck 
 Against the wakeful foe, and wide abroad 
 Through all the coasts of dark destruction SEEK 
 Deliverance for us all!" 
 
 If indeed I had either personal hope or personal fear in the 
 political or in the literary world, I think it will be allowed that 
 I should not have published this work. He must reconcile con- 
 tradictions who wiil dispute this assertion. Whom have I 
 courted ? to whom have I bowed? i am no tory.. Arbitrary power 
 in any shape is my abhorrence. I have walked in the school of 
 Locke, and have passed through that of Sidney. But I have, in 
 this hour of maturest reflection, approved and held fast the 
 tempered doctrines which uphold government and prevent con- 
 fusion. In the political matters of this time, my suit and service is 
 not rendered personally to Mr. Pitt. Upon me he can have no claim* 
 My service is to my Country, and my praise to the Minister of 
 the Crown of Great Britain. My praise is to him, who by de- 
 liberate and undaunted firmnefs, with an unblenched dignity, by 
 commanding powers in speech and argument, and by vigorous 
 measures, though without that promptitude of decision which 
 marked his great Father, has preserved and supported (long may 
 he preserve and support them!) the principle and stability of the 
 Englifh government and constitution. The main voice of Eng- 
 land goes with me in this. Such! estcemMr Pitt: as such I honour 
 him. Am 1 his enemy? i see his errors and his vices too,and I lay no 
 flattering unction to them. I am alive to all his public virtues, 
 
 and
 
 ( 121 ) 
 
 And last, as through the smould'ring flames you turn, 
 
 Snatch 
 
 and I would correct their aberrations, for they are many. As 
 
 to Mr. Fox; that he has not discerned the signs of these times, 
 
 I will not assert: but that his imprudence, his unbridled licence 
 
 of language, and his plunging desperate doctrines in times *hke 
 
 these in and out of Parliament, have alienated the mind of his 
 
 -Country /rem Hint, that I wJl maintain. If I were to give 
 
 credence to all h s speeches which I have either heard or read, 
 
 J must declare them to be the doctrines of a man ripe 
 
 and ready for any revolution. If he is honest in his 
 
 opinion, I can neither think nor pronounce him honest to 
 
 his country. He should not have thus exhibited himself 
 
 in the House or on the Hmtings. Non Juc iita sibi temtus 
 
 ipectacula po.cit! I pass over the primrose path of dalliance on 
 
 St. A 
 
 the no 
 
 der he 
 
 tuous 
 
 the L; 
 
 his genius, to his political eloquence without an equal, to his 
 
 knowledge various, deep, and extensive. His pleasantry, his 
 
 social friendly disposition, and the good temper of his private 
 
 conversation are acknowledged. But if he is ever to 
 
 direct the councils of this kingdom, he must tread back almost 
 
 all his steps. If he turns to our government, he mutt be bom 
 
 again. With opinions bold and ctndid as these I might obtain 
 
 some respect and perhap» some attention from the public, butlcould 
 
 hardly please either Mr. Pitt or Mr. Fox. If I sought personal 
 
 fame; my motive is still more visionary. No man can account 
 
 for it. He who leved fame best* said of it, " Just what you 
 
 hear you have." I am wholly unknown. It is very proper that 
 
 I should be so. Yet I would be understood even on this point. 
 
 I have not the sacred fear of a coward, but the de iberate 
 
 courage 
 * Mr. Pop*.
 
 ( **? ) 
 
 Snatch the Palladium, though the Temple 
 burn. 628 
 
 courage which is inspired by reflection, and the confidence 
 which I am proud to repose in honourable friendship. Some 
 literary and political enterprizes ar"e indeed rather hazardous in 
 their nature. Mine are of that number. Yet I love decorum and 
 I would be guided by discretion; but it is not the form only of 
 those virtues, refined through certain strainers, that I would 
 preserve, it is the spirit. I would have gentleness without ti- 
 midity, and decision without presumption. But I must feel the 
 pressing nature of the time, the burthens, the terrors, the perils, 
 and the necessity of the state. Whoever would do a public 
 service, must forget himself. His remuneration is from within. 
 As to myself, however unavailing my actions, my sentiments, 
 my abilities, or my services, they are unknown, unbought, 
 unsolicited, and shall be unaltered. In spirit, in prin- 
 ciple, and in affection, my words and my thoughts are these : 
 
 Non ante revellar 
 Exanimem quam te complectar Roma, tuumque 
 Nomen, Libertas, et inanttn presequar umbram /• 
 
 * Lucan. L. J. v. 301, 
 
 August; 1797. 
 
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