UCSB LIBRARY HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK AND ITS ENVIRONS. BY EGBERT MACOY ILLUSTRATED. 1525 \m OF USEFUL INFORMATION, COLLECTED FROM THE LATEST RELIABLE SOURCES. NEW YORK: ROBERT MACOY, PUBLISHER, No. 4 Barclay Street. WELLS' EVERY MAN HIS OWN LAWYER AND BUSINESS FORM BOOK. ROBERT MACOY, Ptsfe[ls8i©p«^ Statk[t©p acid Prtcitetr 4 Barclay Street, (Astor House.) 187C \i i Jan. July -2 9 ...'.J...!.J 1 4 5' e: ?■ 8 11 12 1314 15 18 19 £0 21 22 25 26 27 28 29 Feb. Mar.; 5' 6 112 13 119 20 Apr June 1 2 31 4 5 8 9 10 1112 15 10 17 18 19 22 23 24 25 26 29 ... 1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 21 22 23 24 25 28 29:30,31 ... 4 51 6! 7 8 11 12 13 14 15 18 19 20 21 22 26 26 27 28 29 ...I II 2 3i 4; 5 6 7j 81 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17|18 19 20 21 22 23 24 £5 26 27 28 29 30 311... ...I... 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 25 27 28 29 30 ... I SO H|"6 13 |20 24 Oct. hi 31 i' 5i 6| 7l 8 10 11 12 1314 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 27 28 £9 31....'...|...1...|... ...; 1 2 3i 4 5 7 8 9 10 n 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 28,29 30,31;...:.., '4''5'"6'*7S 8 9 U 12 13 14 15 10 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 29 30 • 1.. ' ■ Nov. 2! 31 41 51 6' 7 9 10,11112 13 14 16 17 18 1 19 20 21 23 24 25 '26 27 28 30 31 ...!......... |19 Dec'^i 6 7, 8' 9 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 27 28 29130 ...i... ...i...!...!... It 2 4 a' 6' 7' 81 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27. 28 29 30 pW" The work embraces 612 large 12mo pages, on fine paper, bound in Cabinet Library style, containing a Portrait of the Author. At the low price of $2,25 per copy. Sent post-paid, on receipt of price. Agents "Wanted. Copyright,— Robt. Macoy, 1875. The Safe Deposit Co. of Ne^^^ York, 140, 14S &c 146 Broad^way. FRANCIS H. JENKS, President. The first established in the world, for the Safe-keeping of Valuables, Bonds, Stocks, Plate, Jewelry, Wills, &c. (at $1 a year for $1,000 of bonds,) and for the renting of email Safes (at from $15 to $200 a year,) in its fire and burglar-proof vaults. With every convenience, separate desks, &c., are provided. CONTENTS. Academy of :Music G3 Advice to Strangers 29 Amusement, Places of 99 Apollo Rooms 55 Approaches to the City 29 Approach from the Sea 29 Art Galleries 92 Astor Place Library 59, 60 Asylums and Homes 107 Bank of New York 43 Batterv in 1656, 1746, 1876 32, 33, 34 Bav and Harbor of N. Y 30 Bay Side 81 Bedloe's Island 33 Benefit and Secret Societies 104 Bennett Building 46 Bible House 60 Blackwell's Island 81 Booth's Theatre 64 Bowery 72 Bowery Theatre 73 Bowling Green 36 Bridge Street 36 Broad Street 11, 14, 42 Broadway 37 Broadway Theatre 55 Broadway House 57, 58 Brooklyn and Erie Basins 33 Brooklyn City 82 Bull's Head, Bowery 73 Canal Street 57 Carlton. Sir Guy 34 Carriages 98 Castle Garden 35 Cemeteries 108 Central Park 77 Chatham St. and the Bowery 70 Church of the Transfiguration 67 Churches, Principal 87 CityHall 6 City Prison 72 City Railroad Routes 86 City Hall Park. 50,52 Clinton, Sir Henry 38 Coal and Iron Exchange 38 Collect Pond 71 College of Physicians', N. Y 66 Colleges in New Y'ork. 103 Collegiate Reformed Church 69 Commercial Advertiser 46 Common, The 50 Coney I.^land 81 Consuls. Foreign 106 Cotton Exchange 42 County Court House 52 Cunningham, Captain 50 Custom House 42 Declaration of Independence 51 De Lancey Mansion 41 Disnensaries 104 Distances in the City 106 Distributing Reservoir 68 Docks and Slips, Along the 75 Drexel Building 41 Elevated Railroad 89 Ellis Island 33 Equitable Life Ins. Building 45 Evening Post Building 46 Everett Hotel 62 Execution of a Negro 52 Exchange Place 43 Federal HaU in 1789 40 Ferries 102 Fields. The 50, 51 Fifth Avenue 66 Fifth Avenue Theatre 67 Fire Island 81 Fishing Banks 81 Five Points 72 Florence's Hotel 5t> Fly Market 44 Forks, The 61 Fort George 32 Forts Tompkins and Richmond 32 Forts Lafayette and Hamilton 33 Fraunces Tavern 41 Franklin Square 70 Fresh Water Pond 53. 71 Fulton Street 45 Gallow's Hill 53 Garden Street 43 General Information 85 Germania Theatre 63 Governor's Island 33^ Gowanus Bay 33 Grace Church 61 Grand Central Depot 68 Grand Opera House 65 Gravesend Bay 33 Greenwood Cemetery 33, 84 Hall of Records 50, 51 Halls of Justice 72 Hanover Square 42 Harper Brothers 70 Herald Building 46 Highlands of New Jersey 81 Hippodrome 64 Hoffman House 64 Hospitals 103 Hotels, Principal 100 Irving Hall 63 Jewish Synagogue, Tern. Emanuel. . . 69 Keyport 81 Kill Von Kull 33 Kolch-hook Pond 71 Kruger, Martin 3S Lenox Library 6* CONTEXTS. Liberty Boys 51 Libraries 101 Lincoln Statue, TJuiou Square G3 Loug Brauch 81 Lyceum Theatre 63 Madison Avenue Church 64 Madison Square and Vicinity 61 Maiden Lane 41 Manhattan Isl. — Past and Present. . . 27 Manhattan Island at the Discovery.. 31 Marine Savings Bank 42 Markets, PubUc 98 Masonic Hall . . .51 Masonic Temple 61, 6.5 Mercantile Library 60 Metropolitan Museum of Art 63 Metropolitan Hotel 59 Methodist Book Concern 61 Middle Dutch Church 41 Mutual Life Insurance 45 Narrows 32 Nassau Street 44 National Academy of Design 65 Negro Burying Ground 54 Neversink Highlands 31 New Amsterdam in 1656 32 New York from its Discovery 9 New Jail 30 New Court House 53 New York from its Discovery 9 New York Hospital 54 New York Life Ins. Co 55 New York Garden 56 Niblo's Garden .59 Normal College 70 Olympic Theatre 58 Oyster Barges 75 Parade, The, in 1728 36 Park, The 50 Park, City Hall and Court House.. . . 52 Park Theatres 47, 63 Pearl Street 35 Piers, Location of 102 Post Office 47,48 Potter's Field 64, 67 Prospect Park 84 Provost, The 50, 51 Purchase of the Island 28 Railroad Depots 93, 94 Randall's Island 81 Raritan Bay 31 Red Bank 81 Eicketfs Amphitheatre 56 River Steamboats 95, 96, 97 Road to Boston 70 Rockaway 81 Rutgers Female Institute 68 Sandy Hill Sandy Hook Seamen's Savings Bank Secret and Benefit Societies . . 59 . 31 , 42 .104 Seventh Regiment Armory 74 Sheep Walk 43 Society Library, New I'ork 55, 62 Staats Zeitung 49 Stage Routes 87 Stamp Act 51 Staten Island 32, 81 St. Mark's Church 74 St. Paul's Church , 46, 47 St. Nicholas Hotel 58 St. Patrick's Cathedral 69 Steamboat Landings 95 Stein way Concert Hall 63 Stewart's Wholesale Store 54 Stewart's Retail Store 61 Stewart's Residence 67 Stock Exchange, New York 41 Stone Street 36 Stone Bridge Tavern 57 Stuy vesant Place 74 Sun, The 48 Swamp Meadow 71 Tabernacle, The 55 Talleyrand 38 Tammany Hall and Society 63 Tattt-rsalls and Olympic Theatre 57 Telegraph Companies 92 Tivoli Garden 74 Tombs, The 71, 72 Tompkins Market 74 Tontine Building 42 Treasury and Assay Office 40 Treaty for the Sale of the Island 28 Tribune. New York 48 Trinity School 38 Trinity Church and Graveyard 38 Trinity Building 45 Twenty-second Regiment Armory.. 63 Union Institute 60 Union Square and Vicinity 61, 62 Union Square Theatre 62 Union League Club House 64 Union Place Hotel 62 Union Square Hotel 62 University Place 62 Wall Street 40 Wallabout Bay 83 AVallack's Theatre 61 Walton House 70 Ward's Island 81 Washington * 31, 37, 41, 51, 53 Washington House 37 Washington Hall 54 Washington Square 66 Washington's Entry into New York. 74 Western Union Telegraph 38, 45 White Conduit House 56 Whitehall Street 35 Wincke] Street 35 World . New York 47 Worth. Gen. Wm., Monument of. . . . 64 Young Men's Christian Association. 65 CITY HALL IN THE PARK. XEW YORK AXD ITS ENVIRONS. '^i ^o g^g g." HE City of Xew York, justly named the I^Ietropolis OF America, and one of the three great commercial and financial centres of the world, is also one of the marvels created by modem energy and enterprise. Though but little more than two hundred years ago, it was a mere hamlet, to-day it rivals the proudest cities of the Old World in its miles of streets, its splendid public and pri- vate buildings, its extensive charities, and the enterprise and public spirit of its inhabitants. At its wharves the COMMERCE OF THE GLOBE IS REPRESENTED, and the products of every clime come here to find a market. More than a hundred Ocean Steamers ply to and fro between this city and Europe, and other countries, and bring us the representatives of every nationality. Its hotels, ranging in style from a palace to an inn, offer accommodations for every taste and for all purses. Surrounding it, and built up from its surplus population, are Brooklyn, the third city in the Union, Jersey City, Newark, Hudson City, and many other places of 6 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK lesser note, the residents of which look to the Metropolis for the means of wealth. And this splendid Emporium is a monument to the resistless energies of the people of this country. Though settled by the Dutch, about 1612, its metropolitan character has been attained within the last forty or fifty years. It is within the recollection of the writer, but little past middle life, when Fourteenth Street was the limit of the city, and Yorkville and Harlem were prac- tically farther oS, because less accessible, than are Pough- keepsie, or even Albany, to-day. The City Hall, erected in 1812, has its rear, or uptown front, built of common material, in contra-distinction to the marble front, because at that time it commanded the whole city, and above it were only green fields and farm-houses. At present the centre of the city is some two or three miles above it, and where in our boyhood were gardens and fields, now stand endless rows of magnificent buildings, comprising churches, hotels, commercial houses, and private dwellings, which, taken as a whole, are unsurj^assed, if equalled, by any other city in the world. The principal thoroughfare, Broadway, is a marvel not to be seen elsewhere, and of itself sufficient to repay the trouble of a long journey to pass through and inspect it. For about five miles of its length, it presents on either hand a continuous series of PALATIAL EDIFICES devoted to finance, trade, and other affairs, and comprising the historic Battery, Bowling Green, Washington's Headquarters, Trinity, St. Paul, and Grace Churches, the Astor House, St. Nicholas, Metropolitan, Grand Central, and Fifth Avenue Hotels, the General Post Office, City Buildings, Union and Madison Squares, and commercial edifices, where every possible need or luxury of modern life can be obtained. In a compara- tively small portion of its length, and the immediate vicinity of streets intersecting it, there is considerably more insurance on goods actually in store, than would pay the entire losses of the great Boston and Chicago fires. Along this thoroughfare, to say nothing of the multitude of vehicles, from the humble luggage van, to the elegant turnouts of the wealthy, pass every day more people than would suffice for the population of an AND ITS ENVIRONS. ILLUSTRATED. 7 ordinary city, and the stranger may enjoy the pleasure of a "jam" at Fulton Street, or the more leisurely excitement of an inspection of its wonders, for many days, before he can feel that he has seen it all. The corresponding tlioroughfare on the eastern side, the Bowery, which runs parallel with Broadway, presents a con- trast, perhaps nowhere else to be seen on the habitable globe. Broadway presents us the hurrying throng of a great city, com- prised of business men, intent only, as the denizens of American cities are, upon the pursuit of gain, mingled with provincials and strangers from every part of the world, but on the whole plainly distinguishable, as representing what we term the better classes of society. The Bowery, on the other hand, represents the people, with a large admixture of the Teutonic element. Along its course, for some two miles, their Gardens, Bier Halls, and various industries meet the observer at every step, and show how quickly the various nationalities find a place among us, and move along peacefully in pursuit of business or pleasure. One of the peculiarities of this region, is the frequently exposed an- nouncement of "BROADWAY GOODS AT BOWERY PRICES," thus, in a line, marking the popular appreciation of the pecu- liarities of the two great arteries of commerce and travel in the city. Originally, Xew York seems to have been laid out with re- gard to the convenience of its then inhabitants, and without any thought of its future greatness. Streets were run ' ' across lots," and made to subserve the usually travelled route from one point to another, without any attention to symmetry or order. A marked instance of this is in Pearl Street, beginning at Broad- way, near the Bowling Green, and after performing a tour worthy of the Circumlocution Office, ending at the same street just above the City Hall Park. The difference between what may be termed, the old city and the new, will present itself to the spectator by a visit to the Observatory of Trinity Church, in lower Broadway at the head of "Wall Street, and again from the Dome of the Masonic Temple, at Twenty-third Street and Sixth Avenue, from either of which he mav obtain a magnificent view, 8 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YOEK not only of the citj^ jiroper, bathed on either side by a noble river, one leading inland, and the other connecting the bay with Long Island Sound, and thus, in either direction, with the Atlantic Ocean, but of all the neighboring localities. Standing on the dome, the VISITOR IS SURROUNDED BY A PANORAMA, the extent of which can in no other way be realized. Looking beyond the interminable rows of streets, and endless array of buildings, he sees Brooklyn, Greenpoint, Astoria, the Islands, and Public Institutions located thereon, then the Heights of the Jersey shore, and the towns and villages, nestling at their feet ; the Harbor of New York, where the navies of the world might find a resting place; the Narrows and Lower Bay, and thus back to the point of starting ; and he may know, that within the range of his vision are MORE THAN TWO MILLIONS OF PEOPLE, and wealth beyond calculation ; that among them are represented every phase of social life, from the millionaire to the tramp ; that while among them, virtue and social and civil order largely predominate, there, none the less, are also the homes of abject poverty and revolting crime. To the holiday visitor, seeking recreation, or the gratification of a curiosity to see the great city, as well as to the student of human nature in its varying aspects, the Great Metropolis affords an ample field, and to assist those who wish to know what to see, and how to see it with the greatest degree of comfort and convenience, is the object of this work. In the following pages will be found a resume of imi^ortant incidents, chronologically arranged, from the first discovery of the Island to the present time, which must prove highly inter- esting to the resident of the city, the citizen, as well as to the stranger, and a complete list of all the public and private insti- tutions, with such brief memoranda as may indicate their loca- tions, objects, and standing, together with directions for reach- ing them from any point; thus forming a vade mecum of intelligence, which can hardly fail to be useful to the visiting stranger, to which end it is respectfully offered to the public. ABBIVAIi OP HTTDSON IN THE BAT OF NEW TORK, 1609, NEW YORK FROM ITS DISCO^^RY TO THE PRESENT TIME. CHEOXOLOGICALLY AEEAXGED. 1525. Jean Verrazani, an ad- ] venturous Florentine na\-iga- | tor, in the service of Francis I, of France, while exploring the '■ coast of Xorth America, entered the bav of New York, between the Xarrows and Staten Island, and remained a sufficient time to form a very favorable opinion of the country and of the natives. ; A sudden gale coming on, his j examinations were interrupted, ' and he put to sea, proceeding to i Newport. After remaining there fifteen days, he coasted north- ward and returned to France. IfiOf). September 3. Henrv Hudson, an Englishman, em- ployed by the States General of Holland, passed through the Xar- rows in the yacht ITalf Moon, and anchored in Xew York bay September 11,* — thus gaining * When the Half Moon arrived at the New Netherland, the natives did not 10 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE XEW YORK the credit of having discovered this region of country, and the river which bears his name, which he called Be Oroote Rivier. During the next day he landed on the island, which was then in possession of the tribe of Indians known as the Manhattoes, from whom its original name, " Max- HATTAS^," is derived. October 4, Hudson sailed for Holland, to carry tidings of the important results of his voyage.* He sold his claim to the Dutch, who soon after took possession of the coun- try, and gave to that region, which now comprehends the States of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, the general appellation of New Neth- erlands. New York was called New Amsterdam. 1610. Several merchants of Amsterdam sent out a ship com- manded by the former mate of the Half Moon, for traffic with the Indians. 1G12. Other merchants now united with those previously en- gaged in trade with New Am- sterdam, and dispatched the Fm^tune, commanded by Hen- drick Christiaensen, and the know, that there were any other people in the world, than those who were like themselves. When they first discov- ered Hudson's ship they stood in deep and solemn amazement, not knowing whether it was an apparition from the world of spirits, or a monster of the sea, and when they saw the men their astonishment was still greater.— 2>m?i- lap''s History of New York. * .The topography of the island, as seen by Hudson, was as follows: The lower part consisted of wood-crowned hills, and beautiful grassy valleys, in- cluding a chain of swamps and marshes, and a deep pond northward, rose into rocky high ground. The inhabitants were a tribe of Indians, dwelling in clusters of rude wigwams. Tiger, commanded by Adriaen Block, for a voyage to the Mau- ritius River, as it was then called, trading in furs, and for making further discoveries. Christiaen- sen was appointed the first agent, and built a redoubt, with four small houses on the site of what is now No. 39 Broadway. He was afterwards murdered by a young Indian, whom he had taken to Holland on his first voyage, and who met a speedy death from the hands of the settlers. This was the first murder on re- cord in the province. 1613. Three more vessels, commanded by Captains Dewitt, Mey, and Volckertsen, were now engaged in the fur traffic; and it was determined to open a regu- lar commerce with the new prov- ince, making the Island of Man- hattan the chief depot, with agents to collect furs while the ships were going to and return- ing from Holland. 1614. As Block was about returning to Holland, his vessel was destroyed by fire ; but, in- stead of being disheartened by this misfortune, he immediately set about building another. This undertaking was pursued with such skill and assiduity, that in the spring, the first craft ever launched in the waters of Man- hattan, was finished. 1615. The Dutch purchased a piece of land on the bank of the Hudson, extending to what is now Rector Street, and erected a trading-house, which, being guarded by a palisade fence, was called the first fort. 1620. Captain Thomas Der- mer, an Englishman, in the ser- \'ice of Sir Ferdinando Gorges, touched at New Amsterdam, on AND ITS ENVIRONS. ILLUSTRATED. 11 THE DITCH OR CANAL THROUGH BROAD STREET SIDED VF WITH BOARDS. THE CANAI, WAS FILLED UP ABOUT 1676. Ms way to New England, and warned the settlers from contin- uing on Englisli territory. He, with others, petitioned James I. for a grant of the province of New Netherland, which was granted, and the English ambas- sador was directed to remon- strate against its further occupa- tion by the Dutch. 1621. The States General granted a charter to the " West India Company," investing them with exclusive jurisdiction over the province for twenty-one years, on condition that they colonized the new territories, and kept the grantors advised of their plan of operations. 1623. This year may be con- sidered as the era of permanent settlement. The ship JS'ew Netherland, of 260 tons, was suitably fitted out and dis- patched by the Amsterdam Chamber, to whose care the prov- ince had been especially con- fided, with thirty families (most- ly Walloons, or French Protest- ants), to the territory whose name it bore, for the purpose of founding a colony. Cornelissen Jacobsen Mey had command of the expedition, and was also first director of the pro\'ince. By permission of the natives, a fort in the form of a regular square, with four bastions, was built on the point of land, at the inter- section of the North and East Rivers, extending to what is now the west wall of Trinity Church- yard. 1625. Five vessels arrived at different periods, bringing colon- ists, with furniture, farming im- plements, and upwards of one 'hundred head of cattle, besides stallions, mares, sheep, swine, etc. , forming a nucleus for per- manent settlement. A colony of Walloons began to cultivate 12 HISTORY OF AXD HOW TO SEE NEW YORK e±—-r±T- GOV. STUTV^SANT HOUSE AT THE WHITEHALL, IN 1658. MADE BY RECLAIMING FR03I SWAMP. THE LAND WAS lands at the Wallabout (Wal- loons' Bay), on Long Island, and from tlieni tlie name is derived. Tlius, at this time, was the city of Brooklyn begun, and here the first white child (Sarah Eapalje) was born in New Xetherland. 1620. May 4. Peter Minuit, who had been appointed in place of Verhulst, recalled, ar- rived. He had instructions to or- ganize a provincial government. Minuit bought the whole Island, estimated at 22,000 acres, of the Indians, for the "West India Company," paying the sum or value of $24 ! A fort was next staked out on the triangle forming the southern part of the Island (a mere block-house, surrounded by cedar palisades), which was finished the year fol- lowing. A horse-mill was also erected with a large room on the second floor for religious and other meetings. 1630. New Amsterdam fairly won the title of the "Commer- cial Metropolis of America," by the construction of the Weio JSfctherlund, a ship of 800 tons, then one of the largest merchant vessels in the world, which was built and dispatched to Holland. Walloons, Huguenots, Calvin- ists. Friends, and Catholics, all found a home here, and laid the foundation of that cosmopolitan character which the city has since so well sustained. 1632. Minuit recalled, and the next year, Wouter von Twil- ler, the new governor, arrived with a military force of one hun- AND ITS ENVIRONS. ILLUSTRATED. 13 STREET PILING ALOi^tt THE EAST KIVEK, KEAB COENTIES SLIP, 1G5«. drecl and four men. First cliurch built on Pearl Street, between Whitehall and Broad Streets. Graveyard laid out on Broad- way, near Morris Street. 1085. Fort finished at an ex- pense of $1,688. First brick house built. Bricks brought from Holland. First English settlers. 1640. Tax imposed on In- dians, which laid the foundation of a bloody war. IGIS. Massacre of inhabi- tants by the Indians. The houses of this period were mostly one story, with roofs of straw and wooden chimneys. KJlrl. War with New England Indians. Excise tax laid on beer and liquors. Slave trade au- thorized by Dutch government. 1615. Treaty of peace con- cluded with itlie Indians, of whom 1,600 had been killed dur- ing the war in the vicinity of Manhattan. 1617. Gov. Stuyvesant ar- rived : his administration lasted until the end of Dutch power (seventeen years), in Manhattan. 1652. Municipal form of gov- ernment granted to the city. 1653. City Hall first estab- lished ; the city tavern at the head of present Coenties Slip, having been granted for that purpose. The first magistrate appointed. 1655. Night of September 15, the Indians, taking advan- tage of the Governor's absence, attacked the settlements, rob- bing and firing the houses, and murdering the inhabitants. 1656. The city first surveyed, and the streets (seventeen in number) laid out. Market-place for stand of countrv wagons on the "Strand," foot of Whitehall Street. Census of the city taken, one hundred and twenty houses, and one thousand inhabitants. The first houses built on Wall Street. 165S. Streets first paved with stone. Rent of an average good house, fourteen dollars per an- 14 HISTOKY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEAV YORK D^VK AND KIVEB TRONT TO WALL STREET, 1667. num. First market-liouse, for sale of meat, erected in present site of Bowling Green. All thatclied roofs and wooden cliim- neys ordered to be removed — fire-buckets and books and lad- ders first f urnisbed for tbe town. Jacob Van Corlaer opened a pri- vate scbool, but was indicted by the authorities. Slaves only whipped upon application to the Burgomaster. First public well dug in Broadway. 1659. The ditch through Broad Street lined with plank. Day of prayer set apart in New Amsterdam on account of the progress of Quaker doctrines. 1664. Charles II. came to the English throne in 1660, and soon after assumed the Dutch occu- pancy in North America ; he granted the entire territory to his brother, the Duke of York. The city surrendered to the British fleet, wdthout a gun be- ing fired. The English took pos- session of the city and changed its title to New York, in honor of the Duke. Population of the ci1?y 1,500. 1665o Manhattan Island in- corporated under the govern- ment of a mayor, aldermen, and sheriff. Severe riot between English soldiers and inhabitants. 1673. The Dutch re-captured the city, and named it New Orange. A wall was built across the Island at Wall Street ; hence its name. 1674. The city was restored to the British Crown, and again called New York. The city con- tained three hundred and twen- ty-two houses. 1676. Vacant lots and decayed buildings ordered to be valued and disposed of to those willing to build. Tan pits and canal on Broad Street filled up. 1677. Stephanus Van Cort- landt, the first native-born mayor, appointed. 1683. The first constitutional assembly, consisting of a council of ten, and eighteen representa- tives, was elected to aid in the administration of public affairs. 1684. Aldermen and Council- men first chosen by the people. 1685. On the demise of Charles II., the Dulve of York ascended the throne, wdth the AND ITS ENVIRONS. ILLUSTRATED. 15 BLOCK HOUSE AND CITY GATE, FOOT OF "WALL STREET, 1674. title of James II. This bigoted monarch signalized himself by forbidding the establishment of a printing-press in the colony. Assessed value of property £75,- 694. 1 686. Dougan charter grant- ed. 1687. Water Street laid out in the East River, from White- hall to Old Slip. 1688. Wall Street laid out, thirty feet wide. 1691. Leisler hanged. Second meat-market established " under the trees by the slip " (Hanover Square). Ducking stool (for punishment) erected on the wharf in front of City Hall. 1691-95. Yellow fever pre- vailed with great violence. First meeting of general assembly. 1696. Governor Fletcher ar- rived. Trinity Church was built on its present site, and dedicated February 16, 1697, when the first dis^ne service was performed by Rev. Mr. Vesey, the first regular clergyman sent from England as rector. The building was enlarged in 1735 and 1737, and destroyed by fire in 1776. The Friends erected their first meeting-house in Lib- erty Street, near Xassau. 1697. It was resolved "that lights be hnng out in the dark time of the moon, within this city and for the use of its inhab- itants, and that every seventh house do hang out a lantern with a candle in it." Piracy flour- ished considerablv in this region. 1698. Earl of Bellamont, Fletcher's successor, arrived. 1699. City Hall erected in Wall Street* on the site of the present Treasury building. 1702. Lord Cornbury, a de- spicable tyrant, was appointed 16 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK EAST EIVER SHOKE, BET-WEEN THE PRESENT JOHN STREET AND PECKSLIP, 1740. governor. Free grammar scliool establislied. 1703. The burial-ground in Broadway was granted to tlie corporation of Trinity Cliurcli forever, "on condition of keep- ing the fence in order, and tak- ing no more for burial of each person of twelve years and up- wards than 35., and for each child Is. 6d." 1701. Beekman swamp leased by the city for twenty-one years, at 20s. per aimum. 1707. Broadway paved from Bowling Green to Trinity church. 1708. Lord Cornbury re- moved, and Lord Lovelace ap- pointed governor. 1709. Lord Lovelace died, and Richard Ingoldsby suc- ceeded him. Slave market erected foot of Wall Street. First paper money issued. 1710. Ingoldsby dismissed, and Gerard Beekman officiated as governor until the arrival of Eobert Hunter, who had been appointed governor. 1712. Governor Hunter en- deavored to prevail on the as- sembly to make office-holders independent of the people, by allowing officers a fixed salary. 1713. A Negro plot was dis- covered, and nineteen of those implicated were executed. 1718. Rope-walk erected on Broadway, between Barclay Street and Park Place. 1710, Governor Hunter re- turned to England ; Peter Schuy- ler acted as his successor. 1720. William Burnet arrived i and assumed the duties of gov- ernor. 1725. Wm. Bradford removed his printing-office from Philadel- phia, in 1693, and issued the first newspaper, " The New York Ga- zette," in this city, this year. 1727. Burnet ' left New York to act as governor of Massachu- setts, and was succeeded in 1728. By Hon. John Mont- gomery as governor. 172U. Dutch church erected in Nassau Street. AND ITS ENVIRONS. ILLUSTRATED. i< Hid jf,/ '; ' V, ^ ^-^ h -UU^i;=3z:^Z^z£i; MEAL AND SLATE MARKET, FOOT OF "WALI, STREET, 1709. 1730. The first Jewish syna- gogue was built in Mill Street, and contained a living spring, in which the congregation were ac- customed to perform their ablu- tions and cleansings, according to their religious rites. 1731. Montgomery died, and Eip Vandam, as eldest Council- or, was his temporary successor. 1732. Crosby appointed as Montgomery's successor. The church recently used as the gen- eral Post Office, erected. 1733. November 5th. John P. Zinger issued the first num-. ber of a democratic paper, enti- tled, "The New York Weekly Journal." 1734. Two violent parties who distracted the pro'sdnce — the democratic with Vandam, and the aristocratic with Crosby. Each party had a newspaper un- der control, and published many bitter and mischievous articles. The squibs, ballads, serious charges, and, above all, home truths, which occasionally ap- peared in the Journal, irritated Crosby and his council to mad- ness. ' November 2d, an order passed the council for burning four numbers of the Journal, by the hands of the common hang- man, or whipper, and the mayor and magistrates were directed to attend its execution ; but the magistrates at the quarter ses- sions would not permit the order to be entered, and the aldermen protested against it, as an arbi- trary and illegal injunction. Zinger was subsequently ar- rested and imprisoned a short time, when he was admitted to bail, and resumed his paper. 1736. Governor Crosby died, and George Clarke was appointed as his successor. 1738. Market built in Broad- way opposite Liberty (then Crown) Street, the name being changed after the Eevolution. 1741. "The Negro Plot," as it was called, created great ex- citement among the people. March 18th, about midnight, the house in the fort was discovered to be on fire, when a number of 18 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK iji^. YW^ J EAST KIVER 6H0RE, NEAR RUTGERS STREET, 1710. buildings were destroyed. Tlie negroes were charged witli com- bining to burn the city, and mur- der all the whites, which charge was supported only by evidence of the most questionable char- acter. Rewards were offered — money and pardon to the free, and money, pardon, and freedom to the slave — to those who should accuse themselves or others, ac- cording to the dictates of the magistrates, prompted by their fears. A great number of ar- rests \rere made, and the most ridiculous stories invented by the prisoners, criminating them- selves and others. The princi- pal witness was a wench named Mary Burton, who testified to anything required, and who re- ceived £100 and her freedom, for making very contradictory statements, which led to the conviction of several persons who were innocent of the crimes alleged against them. The re- sult was, that, after undergoing the forms of trial, there were four whites executed, eleven ne- groes burned, eighteen hanged, and fifty transported and sold. Yellow fever again prevailed, attended with great mortality. 1 742. The fears of the people were again aroused by live coals of fire being found in the gutter of a house, which were thrown there by a negro simpleton, who was made to expiate his idiocy on the gallows. Ever}" occa- sional fire was attributed to ne- groes. A malignant epidemic fever prevailed, similar to the yellow fever, by which two hun- dred and seventeen persons died. 1743. Admiral George Clin- ton appointed governor. News- paper called ''The Postboy," published. 1749. In this year two hun- dred and eighty-six vessels left New York with cargoes, princi- pally of flour and grain. 1750. February 26th. The first play acted in the colonies AND ITS ENVIROXS. ILLUSTRATED. 19 NORTH RIVER SHORE. NEAR LISPEXARD STREET, I was Sliakspeare's Richard III. It -was performed in a room pre- pared for the purpose in Nassau Street, under the management of Lewis Hallam. 1753. Clinton retired from the governorship of New York, and Sir Danvers Osborne was sent to supply the vacancy. James Delancy was appointed Lieut. Governor. Five days af- ter his arrival, Gov. Oshorne was found dead, suspended by a handkerchief to the fence of Mr. Murray's garden. It was after- wards known that he had been deranged. j 1755. Admiral Sir Charles Hardy, the newly-appointed Governor, arrived. Ferry es- tablished to Staten Island. In this year, thirteen thousand hogsheads of flaxseed were shipped abroad. 175(>, The Hudson River re- mained open to Albany. France and England again declared war, and both sent troops to fight in America. Lord Loudon arrived at New York, and assumed the duties of commander-in-chief. 1757. In consequence of the prevalence of small-pox in New York, the assembly met at Flat- bush, L. I. The lower part of the city was deserted. 1764. Stamp Act riot. Heavy duties imposed. 1765. A Congress of delegates met in New York, and prepared a declaration of their rights and grievances. The arrival of the stamped paper marked the com- mencement of a struggle which lasted until the city and colony of New York, and other colonies, were forever severed from the dominion of Great Britain. 1766. The odious Stamp Act was repealed. June 4th (anni- versary of the King's birth-day), the first liberty-pole was erected in ''the Fields," (the Park) by the "Sons of Liberty," to com- memorate the repeal of the Stamp Act. 20 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE XEAV YOEK CITT HALL, WALL STREET, OPPOSITE BROAD STREET, 1718. 1768. New York merchants agreed to stop importing foreign goods until tlieir grievances were redressed. 1770. A meeting of tliree tliousand citizens was lield, wlio resolved not to submit to further oppression. A collision occurred in which one man was killed ' and several wounded. In this year the first theatre was estab- lished in John Street. 1773. At a meeting of the Sons of Liberty, letters were read from committees in Boston and Philadelphia, inviting the col- onies to unite in resisting the in- sidious intentions of England in imposing the tax on teas. 1774. Vigilance committees agreed to resist the landing of j tea. The ship Nancy arrived ; laden with tea. The pilots re- j fused to bring her beyond Sandy Hook, where she was detained until her departure for England. Eighteen chests of tea found in another vessel and thrown over- board. 17 75. Delegates elected to the Continental Congress. Frigate Asia fired on the town. 1776. This was an eventful year in the history of America and of New York. Articles of Confederation were acted upon in Congress, sitting in Philadel- phia, which served as guides in public affairs. Washington ar- rived in the city. An extensive fire occurred. All the west side of Broadway, from Whitehall to Barclay Street, was destroyed. 1780. The winter was very cold, and is still regarded as the hardest of "hard winters." The bay of New York was closed with solid ice, so that a troop of horses and artillery crossed to Staten Island on this immense bridge, by which all the islands in the harbor were connected with one another, and with the main land. 1783. November 35th. — Brit- AND ITS ENVIRONS. ILLUSTRATED. 21 i^^l^^rilL- THE GREAT DOCK, >^ORTII OF -WUITEHALL, OX EAST KITER, 1746. ish evacuated the city. General Washington, accompanied by his friends and a great number of citizens on horseback, entered the city by the Bowery, then the only road : the British troops had embarked on their fleet, and were standing seaward over the bay. The American flag was hoisted on the fort, amid a sa- lute of thirteen guns, and was heartily cheered. -December 4th, at noon, the officers of the army assembled at Washington's head- quarters (Fraunces' tavern, cor- ner Pearl and Broad Streets), for the purpose of taking leave of him. After this painful cere- mony, he left the house, and, passing through a line of his brave soldiers to ^Vhitehall, en- tered the barge in waiting for him. He then turned to the multitude, waved his hand, and thus bid them a silent adieu. 1788. "The Doctor's Riot," as it was called, created a high degree of excitement for many days, which originated from some indiscreet exposure of i^or- tions of a human body. The doctors were mobbed and their houses invaded. 1789. Washington took the oath of office as President of the United States, in the City Hall on Wall Street, and entered up- on the duties of his office. 1796. The ''Old State's Pris- on," bounded by Christopher, Washington, Charles Streets, and the Xorth River, was used as such in 1797. This building is now occupied as a brewery. 1803. Corner stone of City Hall laid ; completed in 1813. 1801. Large fire on Wall, Front and Water Streets ; forty to fifty houses destroyed. July 12th. Hon. Alexander Hamil- ton, an eminent soldier and civ- ilian, died in New York, having been wounded the day previous in a duel with Col. Aaron Burr. 180(>. April 10th. Major- Gen. Horatio Gates, the hero of Saratoga, died in this city, aged 78. 1807. August 18th. The prac- ticability of propelling vessels 22 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK NORTH EIVER SHORE, NEAR TRINITY CHURCH, 1740. by steam, satisfactorily demon- strated by Robert Fulton, in a trip from New York to Albany, in the steamboat " Clermont," in thirty hours. Free school society incorporated. City extended above Canal Street. 1810. November 21st. George Frederick Cooke, an English tragedian of unsurpassable abil- ity, made his first appearance in America as Richard III., at the Park Theatre. 1811. May 19. The third "great fire" broke out near the corner of Chatham and Duane sts. , about 9 A. M. , and destroyed nearly one hundred buildings on both sides of Chatham street. 1812. War with Great Britain. 1813. The remains of Captain James Lawrence, who died from wounds received on board the U. S. frigate Chesapeake while engaged with the British frigate Shannon, brought to this city, and interred in Trinity church- yard with imposing solemnity. 1814. Jan. 5. Extensive fire, in which St. George's chapel in Beekman Street was destroyed. Oct. 29. The first steam vessel calculated for naval warfare was launched, and denominated The Fulton. 1815. Feb. 24. Robert Ful- ton, whose name is identified with steam navigation, died in this city, aged fifty years. 1816. Extremely cold season, hickory wood selling for $23 per cord, and oak for $15. May 8. American Bible Society formed. 1819. Yellow fever prevailed for a short time ; it returned with increased violence in 1822 and 1823. Lower part of the city fenced off and deserted. City government removed to Green- wich, above Canal Street. 1820. Edmund Kean, the great English tragedian, arrived. 1822. Fulton Market opened. 1823. May 27. Great match race over the L. L course, for $20,000 a side, between the nor- thern horse Eclipse and the Vir- ginia horse Sir Henry ; won by the former. 1824. Gen. Lafayette, as the "guest of the nation," landed at Castle Garden, and was re- AND ITS ENVIRONS. ILLUSTRATED. 23 THE BATTERY IN 1746. UNTIL 1G90, THE BATTERY WAS USED TuXl ISIILITARY PURPOSES. ABOUT 1792 MEASURES VERB TAKEN FOR FILLING UP, INCI^OS- ING, AND ADORNING THE PLACE AS A PUBLIC PARK. ceived by the people with un- paralleled enthusiasm. 18-25. June 11. Daniel D. Tompkins died, aged fifty years. Nov. 4. The . completion of the Erie canal was celebrated. The first canal boat arrived in the morning, accompanied by an im- mense flotilla of steamers and river craft from Albany, Troy, and the principal towns along the Hudson, which were joined by numerous steamers belonging to the city and vicinity, bedecked in the most fanciful manner, when they all proceeded to San- dy Hook, where the waters of Lake Erie were formally "wed- ded to the Atlantic." The im- posing civic and aquatic proceed- ings in the city and harbor were followed by illuminations of the City Hall, Castle Garden, the ho- tels, and other public and pri- vate houses. 1826. May 17. The corner- stone of the Bowery Theatre laid. 1827. November 14. Thomas Addis Emmet died, 1828. Feb. 11. De Witt Clin- ton, Governor of the State, died at Albany, aged sixtv-one vears. I 1831. August 24. ' Charles F. j Durant, the aeronaut, ascended i with his balloon from Castle Gar- den, and, after being an hour I and ten minutes in the air, de- ' scended on the spot from whence I he arose. — October 13. Theatrical I riot, caused by Anderson, an English vocalist, who was driven from the stage of the Park The- atre, for disrespectful remarks concerning the United States. 1832. Cholera raged with great violence, carrying of 3,513 persons ; and again in 1834, tak- ing off 971 persons. 1835. December 16. The most disastrous fire that ever occurred in the city, destroying 674 build- ings in the lower part of the city. Estimated loss $20,000,000. 1837. Suspension of specie 24 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YOEK FRENCH (HUGUENOT) CHURCH, PINE ANC NASSAU STS., 17(J4. payment ; failure and bankrupt- cy throughout the country. 1842. Croton water introduced into the Forty-second Street res- ervoir. Grand celebration of this important event. 1845. July 19. Great fire be- tween Broadway, Exchange PI., Broad and Stone Streets ; loss $5,000,000. 1848. March 29. John Jacob Astor died, leaving a bequest of $400,000 to establish and main- tain a public library. 184f). May. Astor Place riot ; Macready, the eminent English tragedian, driven from the stage. 5,071 persons died from cholera. 1 S52. First city railroad built in Sixth Avenue. 1S5B. Crystal Palace Interna- tional Exhibition opened by the President of the United States. The building was destroyed by fire in 1858. Legislature passed an act creating Central Park. 1856. January 5. Snow fell to the depth of twenty inches, which drifted so badly that the city was nearly impassable for several days. Sunday, May 25. Last sermon preached in "Old Brick Church" by Kev. Dr. Spring. Dr. Spring was installed pastor in 1810. The church was pulled down during the year. 1857. In consequence of the resistance of Mayor Wood to the I Act of the Legislature changing i the control of the police, a sav- age fight ensued between the old police, who adhered to the Mayor, and the new, or Metro- politan police. 1858. Frederick Law 01m- stead and Calvert Vaux had their plans for laying out and beauti- fying Central Park adopted. 1860. Rebellion inaugurated at Charleston, South Carolina, December 20. December 27. Forts in Charleston harbor seized, with the exception of Sumpter. 18G1. January 2. Fort Pulas- AND ITS ENVIRON'S. ILLUSTRATED. 25 3^ Illl'lIlllSSg, BROADWAY AJTD SPKtNG STREET, 1820. ki, Savannah, occupied by rebels. Jan. 4. Mobile, Alabama, Arsenal seized by rebels. April 12. Fort Sumpter fired on by rebel bat- teries at Charleston, S. C. April 15. The legislature of Xew York voted 30,000 soldiers, and $3,000,- 000 to crush the rebellion. April 17. Several Xew York city regi- ments tendered their services to the government to quell the re- bellion. April 18. Sixth Mas- sachusetts regiment passed through New York en route for Washington. Fired on in Balti- more. April 19. The Seventh Eegiment of Xew York left for Washington. April 20. Recep- tion of General Robert Anderson, the defender of Fort Sumpter, in Xew York. April 21. The Seven- ty-first, Twelfth; and Sixth X'ew York city regiments left for Washington. April 23. The Twen- ty-third, Eighth, and Sixty-ninth regiments of Xew York, and the Thirteenth and Twenty-eighth ' of Brooklyn left for the war. During the Civil War Xew York ' City furnished 116,382 men, at a I cost of $14,577,214.65. I 1863. In July a draft was commenced in Xew York City. July 13, 14, and 15, riots occur- j red. Mobs had possession of ! the city for three days. Offices where the draft was going on I were demolished, and the build- j ings were burned ; stores and dwellings were rifled. The mob directed their fury particularly j against negroes, several of whom ' were murdered. The colored or- phan asylum on Fifth Avenue was pillaged and burnt down. Collisions between the mob and the military frequently occurred. Many persons were killed dur- ing the prevalence of the riot. I The city paid above $1,500,000 i as indemnity for losses that oc- . curred durina: the riot. 26 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK ST. THOMAS CHURCH, CORNER BROADWAY AND HOUSTON STREET, 1830. 1866. Cholera raged in New York. There were 1,212 deaths by the epidemic, ' 1 S 70. New Charter passed for city by Legislature. By it the Mayor and Councilmen are elect- ed by the people at large. 1871. July 12. On the occa- sion of a procession of Protes- tant Irish Orangemen, a riot oc- curred, the Roman Catholic Irish being the aggressors. Threats of assault having been given, the Orangemen were protected by the military. Stones, pistols, and guns being discharged at the militia, several being killed and wounded, the order was given to the soldiers to fire on the riot- ers. Five soldiers, and about a hundred rioters were killed. In this year the Tweed Ring frauds were exposed, and the Ring bro- ken. $50,000,000 was stolen from the city in two and a half years. 1873. Part of Westchester County, comprising 1,300 acres, was annexed to the City of New York. 1874. Jan. 13. Workingmen's mass meeting at Tompkins Square dispersed by the police. —Nov. 30. Mayor Wm. F. Have- meyer died. Dec. 3. Booth's Theatre sold for $385,000. 1875. Jan. 2. Mutiny on school-ship Mercury. Jan. 24. East River closed with ice, on which 20,000 persons crossed. Feb. East and North Rivers closed with ice ; 3,000 hydrants closed up ; 10,000 houses with- out water, St. Andrew's church crushed by a falling wall — 8 killed, 28 wounded. Aug. 28. New Post-office opened. KEW XORK. CITY, FKOM BBOOKLYN, WITH BRIDGE CROSsI>"Ct THE EAST RIVER. NEW YORK, THE METROPOLIS OF THE NEW WORLD. MANHATTAN ISLAND.-PAST AND PRESENT. ^^'0 hundred and seventy years ago tlie site of Xew York was an unbroken wilderness. Instead of splen- did streets and broad avenues, the wild hunters' winding paths ; in the place of princely stores and magnificent dwellings, the rude wigwams of the Aborigines were to be found. It must have been glorious in its sublime wildness, covered with the grand old woods, trees planted by God's own hand, in whose branches the birds made the air vocal with their melody. Here the Indian roamed in undisturbed majesty. "SVhat a mighty change since the " Half Moon'' first sailed up the noble river that bears the name of its discoverer ! Rome, the eternal city ; London, the metropolis of England ; Paris, the heart of France, and many other distinguished cities of the world, can be traced to similar small beginnings. HISTORY OF AXD HOAV TO SEE NEW YORK THE TREATY BETWEEN GOVERNOR MINtJIT AND THE ABORIGINES FOR THE SALE OF MANHATTAN ISLAND IN 1626. It seems almost incredible, and yet it is a matter of history, that in 1626 the whole Island of Manhattan was purchased from the natives for twenty-four dollars, or its equivalent. Compare that sum with the present estimated value of the real estate of the city, which exceeds $812,000,000. In 1650 the entire population was less than one thousand ; in 1876 over a million human beings live upon the Island. If such vast accessions of wealth and population have characterized the history of the past, how is it possible to compute the magnitude of the future in the constantly-increas- ing resources of the onward progress of this favored city ? The stranger who visits the city of New York for the first time, naturally desires to know something more about the "Metropolis OF THE New World " than has been afforded by the limited and unsatisfactory sketches which have, from time to time, been pub- lished. The extraordinary desire for information in reference to the History and important Events of the past, as well as of the present, is generally acknowledged. There are many old and in- teresting localities scattered in and around the city and its suburbs that are unknown, even to residents of many years, and when pointed out, are regarded with respect and often with venera- tion. One of the purposes of this work is to collect and give a description of such points of interest as may serve to guide the stranger in his anxiety for historical information. AND ITS ENVIRONS. — ILLUSTRATED. 29 APPROACHES TO THE CITY. The inland means of transit whereby a stranger may reach the city are so numerous, well known, and constantly increasing, that it is considered superfluous and almost impossible to particularize them. Accommodations for egress are to be found at convenient points of the city, the principal depots of which are given on p. 93. ADVICE TO STRANGEKS. To our friends from the country who are visiting the city for the first time, we offer a few suggestions that may assist them in their ef- forts to see the city to the best advantage, and with the greatest economy of time and convenience : If possible, reach the city in the day-time. Avoid being too free with strangers. On reaching the depot landing, take the car or sta_ which passes nearest your stopping place. If a carriage is engaged, make a bargain with the driver before entering the vehicle. Your trunk or va- lise may accompany you ; or have your baggage checked by an authorized agent of an Express Company, whom you will find on the car or boat, and for which take his receipt. This will relieve you of further trouble, as your baggage can be delivered at any place in the city or vicin- ity, within a few hours and at a stipulated price. If you are obliged to make inquiries on the street, apply to a policeman or go into a respectable place of business. Avoid all crowds, particularly at night. Careful attention to your own business will insure freedom from annoyance or interruption. 30 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK BAY AND HARBOR OF NEW YORK, FROM FORT RICHMOND. APPROACH FROM THE SEA. EW YORK, or New Amsterdam, as it formerly was called, is situated on Manhattan Island, at the conflu- ence of the Hudson and East Rivers, about eighteen miles from the Atlantic Ocean, in latitude 40% 42', 43". ^ Its chartered limits embrace the entire Island, from the Battery north to Kingsbridge, a distance of thirteen and a half miles, with an average breadth of about two miles. It possesses a Bay which is one of the finest and largest in the world, and pos- sibly the stranger who comes from abroad to visit our first m^ \m CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION, or for other purposes, will discover that the entrance to the harbor of no other maritime port is more interesting or pic- AND ITS ENYIKOXS. ILLUSTRATED. 31 ^-C35 SOUTH-'^VESTERX END OF MAXHATIAX ISLAND (NOW KNOWN AS THE BATTEfiY) AT THE TIME OF THJE DISCOVERY BY HENKY HUDSON, 1609.* turesque. As lie leans on the taffrail of the steamer, -within -whose narro-w confines he feels he too long has found a home, and, -wearied -with oceanic monotony, strains his anxious eyes, longing to gladden them -with the -welcome sight of land, one of the first objects to meet his gaze -will be the beacon on the Xetersink Highlands of Xe-w Jersey. Xest -will appear that barren -waste -which has most appropriately been named Sandy Hook, -with its lighthouse and uncompleted fortifications. As he is borne on past the countless reefs and buoys, Earitax Bay — in the midst of * " On the right, or eastern bank of the river, from its mouth, dwell the Manhattce. or Manatthanes, a fierce nation, and hostile to onr people, from whom, nevertheless, they purchased the island or point of land which separated from the main by Helle-gat, and where they laid the foundations of a city called New Amsterdam. The barbarians are divided into many nations, and the people differ much from one another in language, though very little in manners. Their clothing is composed of the skins of wild animals. Their food princi- pally consists of maize, or Indian corn (from which they bake cakes), fish, birds, and wild game. Their weapons are bows and arrows, the latter pointed with sharp flint-stones, or the bones of fishes. Their boats are one piece of wood, hollowed out by fire from the solid trunks of trees. Many of them have fixed places of abode, and dwellings built with rafters, in the form of an oven, cov- ered over with skins and the barks of trees, so large that they are sufficient for several families." — De Laet's Description of Xew Xetherlands. 32 HISTORY OF AXD HOW TO SEE XEW YORK which, on an artificial island, are located the Quaeaxtine buildings — spreads out before him on the left, washing the beach of Staten Island, whose hills and hights rise up against the horizon clad with verdure or coated with snow, and dotted here and there with NEW AMSTEKDAM (DUTCH GOVERNMENT) IN 1656. THE FORT, CHORCH, AKD MILITARY QUARTERS ON THE BATTERY.* villas and cottages, Nearing the Narrows, as the neck of water •which separates Staten from Long Island is called, the shores of the former will be seen to be bristling with the batteries of Forts Tompkins and Richmond, and those of the latter with fifteen-inch Rodman guns (capable of carrying a thousand-pound shot a dis- * " Fort George was the pride of the city in its early days. As originally con- structed, it was bounded by the present State, Bridge, and Whitehall streets, and faced the Bowling Green. It changed names often and suddenly. Chris- tened Fort Amsterdam by the peaceful Dutch, it became Fort James at the first occupation of the island by the British. When the Dutch re-occupied the city they gave their old stronghold the name of Fort Wilhelm Hendrick, in honor of the Prince of Orange. Afterward English governors gave it successively the names of Fort James, Fort William, and Fort William Henry. Finally the name Fort George was fixed upon, and that title it continued to bear until it was finally evacuated by the British. It had four points, or bastions, and could mount sixty gvins, though Washington found but six cannon there when he first occupied the city. Within the walls were the Governor's house and a chapel. By the time the Revolution was ended Fort George had become thoroughly hate- ful to the people, because of its associations with British tyranny. They had grown tired of seeing the royal flag floating from the flag-stafi", and petitioned the city authorities to level the fort to the ground. Accordinglj', in 1788, the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty decreed its demolition." — J. F. Mines, in Scribner's Magazine. AND ITS ENVIRONS. ILLUSTRATED. 33r tance of five miles), while in the stream itself stands Fort Lafay- ette, a dark, low, forbidding-looking structure, now little more than a ruin, but within whose walls many noted State prisoners were confined during the late Rebellion. Yonder, indenting the coast to the right of Fort Hamtlton, is Gravesend Bay, where the English effected a landing (August 22, 1776) previous to the battle of Long Island, and a little further beyond is Coney Island, a famous resort, during the summer months, of lovers of surf-bathing. NEW TORK UNDER ENGLISH GOVERNMENT. THE EOKI, GOVERNOR'S HOUSE, CHURCH AND MrLITAKY QUARTERS ON THE BATTERY IN 1746. Passing on through the Narrows, the waters of the harbor are entered. On the right" during the passage, may be observed GowANUS Bay and a portion of Greenwood Cemetery, the Brooklyn and Erie Basins, Brooklyn City and Hights ; while, on the left, Staten Island continues as far as the Kill von KuLL, which parts it on the north from New Jersey. Bedloe's, Governor's, and Ellis' (formerly called Oyster) Islands, all of which are fortified, are now in view, as is also the Island of Manhattan (the Indian name was Mnnahnttn), on which New York has been built. Lying between two broad rivers, the Hud- son and the East, which separate it from Jersey City and Brook- lyn, it presents a most imposing appearance, with its miles of wharfing and shipping on either side. The first point observable is that part of the lower end of the city termed " The Battery," so called because once the site of a battery erected there by the early settlers. 34 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE XEAV YOEK THE BATTERY, which is now one of the pleasantest of our several miniature parks, and which commands a most picturesque view, is closely identified with the earlier history of New York. The adventurous Hudson paused in his voyage of discovery, anchored that quaint Dutch lugger. The Half Moon, and landed on its inviting shores in Sep- tember, 1609 ; here the pristine fortifications of New Amsterdam were thrown up, the first of which being erected in 1623 ; and here, too, the first basin for the reception of vessels was inclosed. THE BATTERY IN 1876. the first wharf being built by Daniel Litschoe, a tavern keeper, in 1654, near the foot of Broad street. Pearl street then forming the water line. Within its confines the " Liberty Boys" were wont to hold their patriotic meetings immediately preceding the outbreak of the Revolution ; General Washington and many of his officers once were familiar with its shaded walks ; the British forces under Sir Guy Carleton, evacuating the city, embarked from this point, Nov. 25, 1783 (a date still remembered and celebrated as Evacuation Day). What were then considered palatial mansions loomed up here and there, and among the spreading trees — some of which may yet be seen — the elite of fashionable society at one AND ITS ENVIRONS. ILLUSTRATED. .35 time were accustomed to stroll, and even less than half a century ago this was a favorite promenade. One of the most prominent features of the Battery is that gro- tesque old building known as Castle GtArden. Unseemly as its appearance now is, its story is not uninteresting. Its site originally was occupied by a fort (known as Castle Clinton), which finally gave place to a Summer Garden, to which fact it owes its name, and the location being a good one, it speedily became a social resort of no little note. It was here the Corporation publicly welcomed many distinguished visitors, principal among whom may be mentioned the Marquis de Lafayette (1824), General Jackson (1832), and President Tyler (1843). On the occasion of its next change of character it was opened as a concert-hall, and when Jenny Lind came to America in 1850, she made her debut on its stage in September of that year. Mario, Grisi, St. Jul- lien, and many other great artistes, have held the public spell- bound within its walls. But both business and residences were gradually creeping uptown-wards, and new halls and places of amusement more conveniently situated were found to be neces- sary, and the old stand-by was soon forgotten, and in 1858 the Commissioners of Emigration took possession of it, since which time it has served as a landing depot for emigrants. For a number of years previous to 1870, the Battery, which dur- ing the late Rebellion was used by the United States Government as a barrack-station, was neglected and allowed to go to ruin, but during 1870 and 1871 it was re-laid out and improved to its present condition. On its eastern water front are situated the Staten Island and the Atlantic and Hamilton (both ferries to Brooklyn) ferry-houses, from whose doors may be taken various stage and horse-car lines for the upper part of the city. Whitehall street — named after a fifteen-gun battery which stood at its foot in 1695 — leads from this part of the Battery to Bowling Green and Broadway. The Dutch called it Winckel-straat (the shop street), in 1656, and paved it in 1658. Its most notable building of to-day is the Corn Exchange. Before reaching the Green it will be necessary to cross Pearl, Bridge, and Stone streets, each of which are deserving of notice. What is now known as Pearl street — extending in an irregu- lar course from the Battery to Broadway — has borne a variety of names. West of Broad street it was called Perel-straat, in 1656, and east of Broad street, Hoogh-straat. Other parts of it were 36 HISTOKY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YOEK termed Smith's Valley, tlie Waal, and the Waterside, during 1657 ; Dock street and Great Queen street, in 1691 ; and Queen street, in 1798. In 1797 these sections, whicli then extended as far as Chat- ham street, were consolidated under one title. Pearl street. Beyond this point it was styled Magazine street, until 1807, since when it has borne as an entirety its present title. On this street, at the head of Coenties' Slip, the City Hall of New Amsterdam was built in 1642. Here the Schout, Burgomasters, and Schepens held their sessions. It was torn down in 1700. Near by, between Whitehall and Broad streets, was located the Custom House, in 1728, and the first church, erected in 1626, was on the same block. Stone street, originally Brouwer-straat (the brewer's street), received its present name in 1676, and was the second street paved with stone (1657). Bridge street was called de BrugJi-straat, because it led to a bridge across a ditch or canal, at the foot of Broad street. The Battery, Whitehall and Bridge streets, and Bowling Green, were the boundaries of the old fort which Van Twiller built in 1633, at an expense of $1,680. This was consid- ered at the time to be an immense fortification, and contained the Governor's house, a church, officers' quarters, and a garrison of three hundred soldiers. BOWLING GBEEN. Bowling Green is by no means devoid of historical associations. In the old Dutch times it was the green of the village, " the scene of festive occasions and public rejoicings, the parade of the military, and treaty ground with the savages." In 1659 it served as a cattle- mart, and in 1676 a market-fair was held there on Thursdays, Fri- days, and Saturdays. It was known as The Parade in 1728, and in 1732 the Corporation directed that some land at the lower end of Broadway should be enclosed "to make a Bowling Green, with walks therein, for the beauty and ornament of said street, as well as for the delight of the inhabitants of this city." The iron rail- ing which now surrounds the park in the center of the Green, was placed there in 1770 to protect a leaden equestrian statue of George III., erected that year. Six years later, on the evening when the Declaration of Independence was read to the populace of New York, this statue was pulled down and melted into bullets, pro- ducing, it is said, forty-two thousand. Each iron rail of the fence was ornamented with a ball, but these were knocked off at the AND ITS ENVIROXS. ILLUSTRATED. 37 same time, and were afterwards used as cannon ammunition. The pedestal was carried away also, and, as late as 1855, it served as doorstep to the Van Vorst residence in Jersey City. On the south- east border of the Green, where now stand a row of brick build- ings used as steamship company offices, a mansion was erected for George Washington, which, however, he never occupied, owing to the removal of the General Government from the city. For a time it was the abode of Gov. George Clinton and of John Jay, and for several years it was used as the Custom-office. Here, at Bowling Green, Broadway, the grandest of modern thoroughfares, has its beginning. BROADWAY. In 1656, when the streets of New Amsterdam were named, Broadway was called Be Heere-strant (principal street), and in 1677 it received its present title. In 1791, that portion north of Cham- bers street was known as Great George street, but in 1804 that name was drop- ped. In 1665 it boasted of only twenty-one buildings, but in two years the number was in- creased to sixty- five. It was the first street of the city that -NO. 1 BROADWAY. WASHINGTON HOUSE. was lighted at night, in conformity with an ordinance passed in 1697, which ordered that the inhabitants of " every seaventh house doe every night in the darke time of the moon, until the 25 March next, cause a lanthom and a candle to be hung out on a pole every night. The charge to be defrayed in equal proportion by the In- habitants." No. 1 Broadway, built by Captain Kennedy in 1760, formerly known as the Kennedy, and now as the Washington House, was occupied at different times during the Revolution by Lords Howe 38 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK and CoRNWALLis, Sir Henry Clinton, and General Washington, and it was in one of its rooms that tlie ill-fated Major Andre re- ceived his last instructions. During Talleyrand's exile in this country, in 1793 and 1794, he resided here for a time. No. 3 was the residence of the traitor Benedict Arnold, after his desertion from the Continental army and his entrance into English service. No 11, noted as having been the site of the famous tavern of Bur- gomaster Martin Kruger, and as the King's Anns in 1763, was the head-quarters of General Gage when the Kevolution broke out. A short distance north of Morris street, on the west side of Broadway, was situated the first graveyard of New Amsterdam, of which one Claes Van Elslant was grave-digger. In 1676 it was divided into four lots, 25 by 100, and sold at auction. A few years ago the Empire building, built of sandstone, on the corner of Rec- tor street and Broadway, was considered quite a handsome edifice, but it now looks very plain when compared with the massive and rather too gorgeous structures which of late have raised their heads along the great thoroughfare, and it is possible that in the eyes of some its plainness and simplicity may be preferable to the ostentatious pretension of many of its rivals. Passing down Eec- tor to New Church street, the Western Union Telegraph Com- pany's instrument manufactory may be seen, and next above it, constructed of sandstone, is the Trinity School. Strolling along Church to Cortlandt street, a very substantial looking building looms up. It is the Coal and Iron Exchange. The first story is of gray marble, the five upper stories are of brick trimmed with marble, the whole surmounted with a steep Mansard roof, with a tower on the southeast corner. Returning to Broadway, will be discovered, facing Wall street, TRINITY CHURCH AND GRAVEYARD. The first Trinity Church was erected in 1696, and incorporated as the Parish Church in 1697. The Rev. Wm. Vesey was the first rector. The church was enriched in 1703 by a gift from Queen Anne of what was then known as the King's Farm, and again in 1705 by the presentation of the Queen's Farm — a tract of land extending from St. Paul's church, bounded by Broadway and the Hudson river, to Skinner's Road, now Christopher street. The church was enlarged in 1735, and again in 1737. It was burned in the great fire of 1776, but was rebuilt in 1778, and consecrated by Bishop Provost in 1791. It was torn down in 1839 to give place AND ITS EXYIEOXS. ILLUSTKAISD. 39 to the present structure, wliicli was completed and opened in 1848. Tlie Trinity Cliurcli of to-day is entirely of brown stone, the roof excepted. The building is 190 feet long, 80 feet wide, and with the spire is 284 feet in hight. That part of the tower to which visitors are per- mitted to climb is 198 feet in hight, and com- mands one of the finest views in New York. The chimes of Trinity are not surpassed by any in the city, possibly by none in the country. The graveyard which surrounds the church should not be neglected by the :: " sight-seer. Many Huguenot refugees are TRINITY CHTJECH, BRO.U5WAT, 187G. buried there, as also are a number of persons of more or less emi- nence. Alex. Hamilton, Gen. LAirB, Col. Marinus Willets, Capt. La WHENCE and Lieut. Ludlow of the Chesapeake, Robert Fulton, Albert Gallatin, Earl of Sterling, and Gen. Phil. 40 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK Kearney, are among the number. Thousands have read the sad but true story of Charlotte Temple, and will be interested in the fact that she sleeps here in peace. In the northeastern corner of the g-rounds, facing Broadway, a costly monument has been erected in honor of the memory of the hundreds of patriots who perished in the prison hulks while the English held possession of the city during the Revolution. WALL STREET. This well-known thoroughfare, which extends from Trinity Church to the East River, originally formed the line of fortification erected in 1653, in protection of the city — hence its name, the WALL AND BROAD STREETS. DREXEL BUILDING AND NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE. Waals, or Wall street. It has been called Be Cingel af te Stradt Waal, or the Walk along the City Wall (1665), the Walls (1677), and since 1695 it has borne its present title. The city wall was thrown up in 1653, and strengthened with palisades or posts, set six feet apart, sided up with boards. Its length was 2,340 feet, and its cost was about $1,500. Two stone bastions were constructed on its line, one on the corner of Wall and Broadway, and the other at William and Wall streets. At Nassau street stands the U. S. Treasury and Assay Office building, which lately was the Custom-house. In former days this was the site of the " New City Hall," erected in 1700 (see p. 20), and which was called Federal Hall in 1789. In front of the City Hall there were placed in 1709 a cage, whipping-post, pillory. AXD ITS EXVIKONS. ILLUSTKATED. 41 and stocks, for the punishment of criminals. Within its doors were held the sessions of the Common Council, Provincial Assem- bly, Supreme Court, and the Mayor and Admiralty Courts. It also was the place for elections, and, for a time, was used as the City Prison. One of its chambers contained the Public Library, which the English destroyed during the Revolution ; the first Congress under the Constitution met within its walls, and from its balcony, which overlooked the street, Washington was inaugukated FiiiST President of the United States, April 30, 1789.* After the National Government was removed to Philadelphia, the Courts and State Legislature were held here until the Capitol was established in Albany, in 1797. Opposite, on the corner of Wall and Broad streets, is the Drexel Building, of white marble and the Renais- sance style, built at an expense of 8700,000 by Drexel, Morgan & Co., bankers. A few doors from Wall, on Broad street, is situated the New York Stock Exchange, a place that every curiosity- seeker ought to visit dur- ing his stay in the city. Strangers are admitted to the Spectator's Gallery during the session of the Board. Looking down from the gallery upon the surging mass of human beings in their wild con- fusion and yells, you have some idea of grand festi- val at a lunatic asylum when the keepers are ab- sent, or of the impressive scene that might be fur- nished at a well-organized human pandemonium. The scene must be witnessed to be under- stood and appreciated. Elbowing a way through the set of sharpers who are known as "Curbstone Brokers," and who crowd the pavement of the upper part of Broad street, and passing on, Fraunces' Tavern, originally the De Lancet Mansion, will be seen at the juncture of Broad and Pearl streets. "S'^Tien the Continentals took possession of the FRAU>'CES' TAVEEX,— NOW STANDING. * "This auspicious ceremony took place under the portico of Federal Hall, upon the balcony, in the immediate presence of both Houses of Congress, and in full view of the crowds that thronged the adjacent streets. The oath was administered by Chancellor Livingston, and when the illustrious chief had kissed the book,t the Chancellor, with a loud voice proclaimed, ' Long live George Washington, President of the United States.' Never shall I forget the thriUing effect of the thundering cheers which broke forth, as from one voice, peal after peal, from the assembled multitude. "—Dk. Duek's Oration. t The Bible on which Washington took the oath of office, as President, was then and is now the property of St. John's Lod?e No. 1, Free and Accepted Masons, at that time hold- ing its meetings in the City Hotel, Broadway. 42 HISTORY OF AND IIOT^" TO SEE NEW YOEK city, after its evacuation by the British, Washixgton made this hotel his head-quarters, and it was in one of its second-story rooms that he bade farewell to his Generals at the close of the war (Dec 4, 1783).* Broad street from this point (which was once the water front) to the City Hall, was a marshy piece of land, and was drained by means of a canal which, in 1657, was " sided with boards stuck endwise into the ground, to prevent the caving-in of its banks, which occurred after high tides." At the mouth of this drive was the landing- place for vessels. The street was called by the Dutch De Heere- grnft, the principal drain. Again approaching Wall street, this time by the way of Pearl Street, Ha2sO\"ER Square, once a market-place, will be perceived on the left. In this square is located the new Cotton Exchange. On the corners of Pearl and Wall Streets are the Marine and the Seamen's Savings Bank, and No. 88 Wall Street is the Tontine Building. At the foot of Wall Street, where now there is a ferry- to Brooklyn, there was, in 1709, a slave-market (see p. 17), "at which place all negro and Indian slaves to be let out, or to hire, or to be sold, took their stand." NEW YORK CUSTOM-HOUSE. — WALL STREET. On the block between Exchange Place and William Street, now occupied by the Custom-House — the erection of which cost * " The house then occvipied by Samuel Fraunces was better known in that day as the De Lancey Mansion. It was built by Stephen De Lancey in 1724, and stood at the corner of Broad and Dock Streets. Forty years afterward it was discovered to be too far down town, and it was sold to Samuel Fraunces, the AND ITS ENVIRONS. ILLUSTEATED. 43 $1,800,000 — formerly stood the old Merchants' Exchange (built in 1825), a building of great renown in its day, where, from 1827 to 1835, was located the Post- office. It was destroyed by the great fire of Decem- ber 16, 1835. Opposite, corner of Wall and Wil- liam Streets, is the Bank of New York, a handsome structure of brick, with brown stone trimmings. ''t'schaape waytie." or "the sheep waxk," in 1G76; ga-rben street IN 1776 : THE SAME LOCALITY (EXCHANGE PLACE), IN 1876.* Delmouico of his day, who was made steward of Washington's household when the first President resided in New York. Fraunces. wlio from the swarthiuess of his complexion was generally spoken of as 'Black Sam,' had a genius for cookery, an I was a connoisseur in wines. He opened the house as a tavern in 1771. When the British entered the city on the 1.5th of Sept., 1776. Fraunces fled, and his house was occupied by British officfrs. He did not return until Nov. 25th, 1783. After the Americans occupied Fort George. Washington took up his headquarters at Fraunces's Tavern. The old house is still standing, but it has been gutted once or twice by fire, and changed very much in rebuilding. •' A daughter of ' Black Sam.' Phoebe Fraunces. was Washinjiton's housekeeper when he had his headquarters in New York in the spring of 1776, and was the means of defeating a conspiracy against his life. Gov. Tryon. and other Tories, had laid a plot to seize the city. One part of the plan was the poisoning of the American commander. Its ininiediate a2fent was to be Thomas Hickey. a de- serter from the British arniv. who had become a member of Washington's body guard. Fortunately the conspirator fell desperately in love with Phcebe Fraunces. and made her his confidant. She revealed the plot to her father, and at an opportune moment the denouement came. Hickey was arrested and tried by court-martial. He confessed his crime and revealed the details of the plot. A few days afterward he was hanged at the intersection of Grand and Christie streets, in the presence of 20,000 spectators."— J. F. Mines, in Scribner. * This was a parcel of upland and meadow, which was used as a public pas- 44 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YOKK- NASSATJ STREET. The original name of this narrow thoroughfare was " the street that leads by the Pie- woman's." It was laid out in 1700, and in 1728 was called Nas- sau, below John Street, and above, Kip Steeet ; but in 1791 its entire length received its present title. Between Cedar and Liberty Streets may be seen the Middle Dutch Church, one of the few old landmarks of which New York may well be proud. This church, one of the three old Dutch houses of worship — the South, the Middle, and the North, was ded- icated to the Almighty i n 1729. It un- derwent some alterations in 1764.* On the opposite side of the street are MIDDLE DUTCH CHURCH, 1729. many stately buildings, used as banking and mercantile houses. The next street beyond Liberty, is Maiden Lane, which derives its name from the fact that the Knickerbocker maidens were wont to assemble here (where now are located some of the largest whole- sale silver ware and jewelry houses in the city), to gossip and meet their beaux. In those days it was called De Maagde-padje, or Maiden's path. Fly (the principal) Market was located at the foot of this street, in 1816. From Nassau Street to Broadway is only one block. ture for sheep, during the period of the Dutch possession. It laj' along the south side of the city ramparts, which stretched across the island (about forty feet from the present north line of Wall Street), extendiug down the hill to the marsh and ditch, which commenced in Broad Street, opposite the present Ex- change Place, Hanover Square and Broad Street. A considerable impetus to improvement was given by the purchase, in the year 1691, by the Dutch congregation, of ground for the erection of a new edifice of worship. For the purpose thej purchased 180 feet front on the north side of the TuYN. or Garden Street (present Exchange Place), about the middle of the block, between William and Broad Streets, for which they gave about thirty dollars a lot. * From the belfry of this church Franklin flew his silken kite, and taught the lightning he was its master (1752). During the Revolution, it was used by the British as a prison and riding-school. From 1845 until 1875. it served as the general Post-ofl&ce. It is to be hoped that the hand of modern improvement will spare this monument of the olden time. AND ITS ENVIKONS. ILLUSTEATED. 45 BROADWAY AGAIN. Adjoining the cliurchyard of Trinity is Trinity Building, wliicli is occupied by Insurance and Law offices, and representatives of the Coal trade. At Cedar Street the Eqmtable Life Insurance edi- fice, of Quinc J and Maine granite, rears its lofty head. Between this company and the Mutual Life Insurance Co. (142 and 144 Broadway) there ever has been a rivalry, and when this structure was erected it overtopped that of the Mutual in hight. Whereupon the Mutual building was hightened to exceed in altitude that of its rival. Immediately after —J — I this the Equitable Co., determined not to be outdone, add- ed a number of feet to their palace, since when the Mutual have desisted from further emulation. In the same vicini- ty may also be seen the American Ex- change Bank, con- structed of brown stone. The tall spires of the Western Union Telegraph Co. rise up far above all rivals, at the corner of Broadway and Dey Street. A visit to their operating rooms could not fail to be interesting. Near at hand, at the junction of Fulton Street, looms up the structure of the Even- ing Post newspaper, one of the oldest and most substantial even- ing papers in this city, of which William Cullen Bryaj^t, the eminent American poet, is the nominal editor. WESTERN UNION ItLhCTE \.l H LLILDINC FTTLTON STREET. This street crosses the city from river to river, beginning and ending, it may be said, in the two largest markets in America : — the Washington (originally Bear Market), on the Hudson River side, and the Fulton on the East River side. In earlier days, it was known as Partition Street, west of Broadway and Fair Street, east of that thoroughfare. Where now stands the massive Ben< 46 HISTORY OF AXD HOW TO SEE XEW YOKK XETT Building, Nassau and Fulton, once stood the old Herald offices, and a block further on, at William Street, might, until 1875, have been seen the North IDutch Church, ^vhich was built in 1767, at a cost of $60,000, and dedicated May 25, 1769. The English turned it into a pris- on and a hospital during the war for Independence. Re- paired and re-opened in De- cember, 1784, it served as a house of worship until its re- cent demolition. On the opposiie comer, on the site of the original Shakespeare Hotel (kept by John C. Stoneall), is the Xew" YoEK Commercial Adver- TiSER, an evening paper of ,j,reat respectability, estab- lished in 1794, by the emi- nent American lexicographer Xoah Webster, under the ti- tle of The Minerya. Returning once more to "'roadway, St. Paul's Church laeets the eye, occupying the ' ntire block between Fulton and Vesey Streets. Its erec- tion was commenced in 1763, and its dedication occurred October 30, 1766.* There it stands, on the most crowded portion of Broadway, a ven- erable relic of the past, clustered with important and interesting associations. Around it are the graves of the dead of several gen- erations. Under its great front window is a mural monument, erected to the memory of General Montgomery, who fell at the siege of Quebec, in 1775. Opposite St. Paul's Church is the Park National Bank, next to which, on the former site of Scudder's, afterwards Barnum's old American Museum, is the new Herald Building.f Across the e-\t:xing post BUiLmxG. he retired to St. Paul's, with ' He also frequently partook * After WashiDgi-on's inauguration ceremonies, ' his officers, to unite in suitable religious services, of the Lord's Supper before its altar. t The New York Herald was first issued from an office in Wall Street, May 6, 183.5, and at the decease (June, 1872) of its founder and editor, .James Gordc»t Bennett, the elder, boasted of the largest circulation of any newspaper in America. It is now conducted with great enterprise and spirit by the son of AND ITS EXVIROXS. ILLUSTEATED. 4/ vr&j, and extending from Yeseyto Barclay Street, stands the Astor House, once the most famous hotel in the United States, now none the less popular, and conducted on the European plan. One of the most prominent structures in this vicinity is the new Post-Office. Built upon the lower end of the City Hall Park, constructed of Maine granite, and of a some- what triangular shax3e, it extends 130 feet along Broadway and 320 feet along Park Row. The cellar, basement, and first and second stories are used for postal purj^oses, and upon other floors may be found the United States Court rooms, the Law Libra- ry, Marshal's and other government offices. ' At the corner of Beekman Street and Park Row is the New York World build- ST. PAUL'S CHtrKCH, BKOADWAT. ing.* On Beekman, corner of Cliff Street, formerly rose the spire of St. George's Chapel, which was built in 1752, burned down in 1814, and rebuilt immediately afterward, only to be demolished a few years ago. The old Park Theatre was located on Park Row, between Ann and Beekman Streets. Built in 1798, burned in 1820, it was rebuilt in 1821, but again burned in 1849. the founder, who inherits the tact and talent of his father. Its organization for the gathering of news extends to all the countries of the world, and to every great city. Its editorial discussion is of the highest order, and the return of its advertising columns is equal to a gold mine. • * This paper, the leading Democratic organ of the city, was first issned June 14, 1860, as a one cent religious daily, and over «300.000 were expended before it became a paying joiirnal. Its ultimate success is due to the energy and ability of Mr. Maxtox Marble, who bought it in 1861, and changed it to its present character. 48 HISTOKY OF AXD HOW TO SEE NEW YOEK Park Row terminates in Printing-liouse Square, in the midst of wliich there now stands a statue of Benjamin Franklin. The most remarkable structure in the square is that of the New York Tribune, which occuf»ies the former site of the low, dingy building NEW TOKK GENEEAL POST-OFFICE. wherein Horace Greeley, the founder of this journal, pursued his editorial labors. Rising to a great hight, and surmounted by a tall tower, it is observable at a considerable distance. Near at hand are the oifices of the New York Times and The Sun.* * The New York Tribune, now one of the leading newspapers of this city, was first issued April 10, ISil, by Horace Greeley, at No. 30 Ann Street, price one cent a copj'. It was for many years the leading organ of the Whig and Republi- can parties, and has always been conducted M'ith distinguished ability. The Times, established by Henry J. Raymond in 1851, to day is the most in- fluential Republican organ in the country. On this block was erected, in 1768, the Old Brick Church, which was used as a prison and hospital by the British, during the Revolution, and which was removed in 1846. The Sun, the first penny paper isublished in the United States, was issued by Benjamin H. Day, in 1832 ; soon after it passed into the hands of Moses Y. Beach, but it exerted little or no influence previous to 1867, when Ciias. A. Dana assumed its editorship. Its circulation now equals that of any of the dailies. AXD ITS EXVIPtOXS. IIXUSTKATED. 49 ^^iSrKia i "!'r?l I a Off i M S 1 Iff! Is. v-|ig ASTOK HOUSE, BABCLAY STREET SIDE.— MACOY, PUBLISHER, ETC. Where once was located Tryon Row, at present looms up the edifice of the Staats Zeitung, the most prominent and largely cir- culated German newspaper in the United States. Almost opposite ■/yynM '^.^J' ^^^ ' > NEW YORK STAATS ZI-IILN^ LLILUING 50 HISTORY OF AND IIOW TO SEE NEW YOEK are the oflBces of the New York Daily News, whicli boasts of a circulation of 100,000. THE CITY HALL PARK. The City Hall Park, which was without the city limits un- til 1780, has been known from time to time under several names : the Yladde, or Wlats ; the Fields ; the Common, and the Paek. a powder-house was erected in 1684, where the City Hall now stands, and which was disjolaced in 1733 by the erection of the first pub lie building within the limits of the Park, for the purposes of a Poor-house. Here, pre- vious to the war for Independ- ence, the people were accus- tomed to assemble to celebrate in various festivities the king's birthday and other holidays. In the early days of the Revo- lution, it was occupied only, on its northern side, by a long line of wooden Barracks, in- closed within a high board, fence ; and by the "New Jenl," afterward known as ' ' The Pro- vost,"^ and now as the Hall of Records. The first Liberty Pole was raised in the Park, June 4, 1766, and after the passage THE TRIBUNE * The Provost was clestinecl, says Pintaed. for the more notorious rebels, civil and military. An admission into this modern bastile was enough to appal the stoutest heart. At the entrance door two sentinels were posted, day and night. Two more at the first and second barricades, which were grated, barred, and chained ; also, at the rear flight of stairs, leading to the rooms and cells in the second and third stories. When a prisoner, escorted by soldiers, was led into the hall, the whole guard was paraded, and he was delivered over, with all formality, to Capt. Cunningham or his deputy, and questioned as to his name, rank, size, age, etc., all of which were entered in a record book. What with the bristling of arms, unbolting of bars and locks, clanking of enormous iron chains, and a vestibule as dark as Erebus, the unfortunate captive might well shrink under this infernal sight and parade of tyrannical power, as he crossed the threshold of that door which possibly closed on him for life. In this gloomy abode were incarcerated, at different periods, many American ofl&cers and citizens of distinction, awaiting, with sickening hope, the protracted period of their liberation. Could those dumb walls speak, what scenes of anguish might they not disclose ! The Captain and his Deputy were enabled to fare sumptuously, by dint of curtailing the prisoners' rations, exchanging good for bad provisions, and other embezzlements. In the drunken orgies that usually AND ITS EXVIKOXS. ILLUSTRATED. 51 and attempted enforcement of the Stamp Act, the Liberty Boys* began to hold popular indignation meetings here, in protest against PROVOST JATL (1776), NOW THE HALL OF KECOKDS (18T(Jt. British aggression and tyranny, f In 1776 the Liberty Pole (which had stood for eight years) was cut down and destroyed by Cap. Cun- ningham, Provost Marshal, who, during the occupation of the city tenuinated his dinuers. Cmmingham would order the rebel prisoners to turn out and parade for the amusement of his guests, pointing them out, "This is the d— d rebel, Col. Ethau Allen," •• that is a rebel judge," etc. * The principal feature of Broadway, opposite the Fields (as the Park was called), during many years, were several public gardens. Among these was that of Mr. Montaguie, near the northerly corner of Murray Street. This garden became notable in the poUtical history of the times, as having been the head- quarters of the Liberty Boys. It was opposite his premises, on the Fields, that the Sous of Liberty raised their successive liberty poles, which were as often demolished by the soldiers and tory faction. t In 1776. while the -^rl'/ii :^ troops, under the com- mand of Gen. Washiu.,' ton. v»-ere in the cit\, i portion of them occupif^ 1 the Common, and hei the Declaration of Ind pendence was publi&lu I to the army. The com mander received an ofh cial copy of the immortal document on the 9th ot July, "with instructions to have it read to the troops. He immediatoh issued an order for the several brigades th«n m or near the city, to be drawn up at six o'clock that evening, to hear it read. The brigades were formed in hoUow squares on their respective pa- rades. The hollow square was formed at the spot wherethe upper portion of the Post-oflfice now stands, and opposite Beekman Street. Washington was within the square, on horseback, and the Declaration was read in a clear voice by one of his aids. When it was concluded, three hearty cheers were given."— Lossing. KE.^DIXG THE DECLARATION OF I^-DEPE^^DENCE, 52 HISTORY OF AXD HOW TO SEE NEW YOEK ^P by tlie Englisli, earned a most unen- zh viable re])utation by Lis brutal treat- ment of tlie i)atiiot prisoners confined in the variou-s jails under I11& cliarofe k BROADWAY, THE PARK, CITY HALL, AND COXJNTY COURT HOUSE. When the erection of the present City Hall was commenced in 1803, it was not supposed that the city 'ever would extend much EXECUTION OF A SLAVE, FOR ARSON, ON THE FIELDS, ON THE SITE OF THE COUNTY COURT HOUSE, 1700. AND ITS ENYIROXS. ILLUSTRATED. 53 beyond tliis point, and, it is said, it was not considered expedient to go to much expense beautifying tbe rear of the building, — con- sequently it was allowed to remain plain brown stone. In the Governor's room, in the City Hall, may be seen a chair and table used by George Washington, and many portraits of New York governors, and other prominent men, among whom may be men- tioned Lafayette, Washing- ton, Boln ar, Columbus), and Andie-s^ Jackson Immedidteh m the rear of the Cit^ Hall is the New Court House. The site on which the Court Hoube now stands, being fax fiom the business portion of the citj , BBOADWAY AND MURKAY STREET AS IT WAS i:^ 1830, AND AS IT IS IS 1876. was used, in early times, as a place for hanging slaves and others guilty of heinous crimes. The northern boundary of the Park is Chambers Street, along which there ran, in Knickerbocker times, a line of palisades, strengthened here and there with block houses. A little farther beyond was Gallows Hill, where American prisoners, when con- demned to death, were executed at night, and on its border was the Fresh- Water Pond. Opposite the Park, at one corner o^ Warren Street, is one of the clothing establishments of Devlin & Co., on the other corner is the American branch of the far-famed house of Cook & Son, of London, the Tourists' Agency. 54 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK PROM THE PARK TO CANAL STREET. Th.e marble building at Broadway and Chambers Street is A. T. Stewakt's wholesale store. His retail business was carried on here only a few years ago. Washington Hall, quite cele- ,; ,^gi,._^^x . brated as a social resort in its ^^^^>;--;!i^^\ \ day, once occupied this spot, BROADWAY. BETWKi:X CHAMBERS AKD BEADE STREETS — THREE PERIODS : 1. NEGRO BURIAL GROUND, 1760 ; 2. WASHINGTON HAXi., 184:1 ; 3. STEWART'S WHOLESALE STORE, 1876, and in yet earlier times the Negro Burying Ground was located here. 'Opposite is one of Delmonico's famous restaurants, for- merly the Irving House. About 1818 improvements were rapidly made on Broadway. In 1827 the Masonic Hall was built, near Pearl Street. After the "Anti- ^^^^ Masonic excitement," ^*^*^~^i\ ^9i t^i6 prosperity of the ; » f: ^^ >n M Masonic Hall gradually waned, and its name was changed to Gothic Hall. A few years since it was demolished to give place to the present elegant buildings on the site of Xos. 314 and 316. Where Thomas Street now has its beginning on Broadway, there were some very fine grounds, in the midst of which was erected the New Its comer stone was laid Sept. 12, 1773, but be- BKOADWAY. BETWEEN DUANE AND PEARL STREETS; MASONIC (GOTHIC) HALL, 1830. York Hospital, fore its completion a portion of the building was destroyed by fire. AND ITS ENVIRONS. ILLUSTRATED. 55 BROADWAY, BETWEEN ANTHONY AND PEAEL, STREETS, 1856. BROADWAY THEATRE. In 1783 the English used it for Barracks ; in 1788 the Doctor's Riot occurred. In 1868 the property was leased for business pur- poses, the old landmark was doomed to destruction, and on its site many splendid buildings have been erected. The block between Pearl , ^ ^ , and Anthony (now Worth) Streets, was chiefly occupied by a brewery, soon after the Revolution. In after year.^^ the Broadway Theatre was the principal building on this block, which was destined to stand but a short period, its site is now occupied by the spacious stores Xos. 326 and 328. From Anthony (Worth) to Catharine Lane, in 1800, but one house occupied the block. In 1886 a church edifice was erected, originally called the Sixth Free Presbyterian Church. Its name was af- terwards changed to The Taberxacle, and Rev. J. P. Thomp- son officiated as minister for several years. The building stood in the rear, but the entrance was from Broadway, at No. 340. On the block be- tween Catharine lane and Leonard Street, two small frame houses stood, before the grade of the street was lowered. These afterward gave place to the ele- gant edifice erected by the Xew York So- ciety Library. This association occupied the premises until 1853, when they sold to Appleton & Co. The premises were soon after sold to the Xew York Life In- surance Company, on which has been erected one of the most elegant buildings in the city, the company occupying a portion of the premises. BROADWAY, BETWEEN ANTHONY AND LEONARD STS., TABERNACLE AND SOCIETY LIBRARY, 1853. 56 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK In olden times, wlien itinerant circus performers found their way to New York, tliey were accustomed to exhibit on the hill ^ about the Collect, a little north of White Street, .and known as Rick- ett's Mammoth Amphitheatre. In due time, the street was graded, and improvements made by the erec- tion of elegant residences, which have in their turn succumbed to the insatiable demand of business. At the corner of Walker Street Florence's Hotel flourished for a brief period ; at 404, Concert (afterward the Minerva) Hall ; 410, Enterprise Hall ; 412, Apollo Rooms. ^_.^..^_,^___^ ,, One of the most noted build- "" ings on the west side of Broad- NEW YORK LIFE INSURA>XE COMPASY S BUILDING. ! 1 1^11 I'lll WHITE CONDUIT HOUSE, 1776. NEW YOKK GAKDEX, 1828. way, before the street was graded, between Anthony and Leonard Streets, on the Kalckhook Hill, overlooking the country, was the White Conduit House, kept by Mons. Corri, a Frenchman, and afterward known as Mt. Vernon Garden, now occupied by the ele- gant stores, Nos. 353, 355, 357. In 1809, John H. Contoit removed from opposite the Park, to a more eligible spot between Leonard and Franklin Streets, where he opened his celebrated Xew York Garden, which he held for more than forty years. This place was noted for the richness of its refreshments, and perf ectness of its arrangements. AND ITS EXTIROXS. ILLUSTRATED. 57 BROADWAY AT CANAL STREET. The origin of tliG name of Canal Street may be traced to the fact that an open canal once ran through it. This canal was crossed at Broadway "^ by a stone bridge, near which ^^as lo- cated the Stone Bridge Taveen and Gardex, ^^hlch wa- much fiequented by iJcasure seekers in 1812. At that date a marsh, wliich this ca nal drained, extended from Centre Stieet acros"^ town to the Xorth Ri\ - er. Cattle weie often lost this morass, and an unheal- thy miasma BROADWAT AND CAXAi STEEET rS 1876. TATTEKSALLS AND OLYMPIC THEATRE. 3 BROADWAT HOUSE, 58 HISTORY OF AXD HOW TO SEE XEW YOEK arose from it wliicli, it was declared, occasioned considerable sick ness among- the people who resided in the vicinity. From Canal Street to Sandy Hill, now Astor Place, Broadway was then known as the "Middle Road." Among- the early improvements on Broadway, between Howard and Grand Streets, was the erection of a large wooden building used for a circus and theatre, and afterward known as Tatter- SALLS, a place for the training and sale of horses and carriages. The site of this popular place of resort is now covered by the stately buildings Xos. 442 to 448. In latter years a new building was erected on a portion of the same site,* having the name of the Olympic Theatre, which, in 1838, was under the management of Mrs. Thomas S. Hamblin. In 1830 it was conducted by Mr. David McKinney, and in 1840 it passed into the hands of Mr. Mit- chell, under whom it attained a high degree of prosperity. At the corner of Grand Street, in 1828, a first class residence was erected, which was afterward called the Broadway House, and known for many years as the Whig Headquarters. This site is occupied by the immense building No. 462 Broadway. BEOADWAT, BETWEEN BROOME AN'D SPRING STREETS. The St. Nicholas Hotel, which was built in 1854, at an expense of $1,000,000, looms up on the west side of Broadway, between Broome and Spring Streets. Soon after the Revolution, a circus, called the Stadium, was established on the northeasterly corner of Broadway and Prince AND ITS ENVIEOXS. ILLUSTRATED. 59 Street. Shortly after the war of 1812, the inclosure was used for drilling militia officers. Afterward two brick buildings were erected on Broadway. William Niblo removed to this locality in 1828, and established a Eestaur- ^ ^^ ant, Public Garden, and Theatre. - ^ = -^ - -.^ i=.._ .:4fe EETWKEN PBLSCE XSD HOUSTON, 1823. KIBLO'S GAKDEN, 1845. The Metropolita]^' Hotel now covers the sjDot once used a popular resort of pleasure seekers. ifflrii;ito|j!!f| iiniiiiiiniliiH lIliillliiUHII 111 Iliiiii IIIIIII IIIIIII BROADWAY, C0R>T:K OF PBINCE STREET, METKOPOLITAM HOTEL. At the junction of Bond and Broadway is the new store of Brooks Brothers, and a few doors east of Broadway, on Bond Street, rises the American Watch Company's structure, while almost opposite Bond Street, on the west side of Broadway, towers up the Grand Central Hotel, where, it will be remembered, Ed- M^ard S. Stokes shot James Fisk, Jr., in Jan., 1872. On AsTOR Place — which originally was called Sandy Hill, and afterward Art Street — a few steps east of Broadway stands the 60 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK ^rERCANTILE LrBRAET, ASTOK PLACE. Mercantile Library building, wliicb formerly was tlie AsTOR Place Opera House, where the Foerest-Macready riots took ^;^,,=:^_ place in May, 1849 This library, one of the largest and finest in the country, boasts of 180,000 volumes. A reading - room is also attached, where may be found maga- zines and papers from all parts of the world. In the same neighbor- hood, on Lafayette Place, is the Aster Library, for refer- ence, founded by John Jacob Astor, and free to all. It is open during the daytime throughout the year (except a short vacation during midsummer), but closed at night. The Union Institute, established by the charitable Peter Cooper, is near at hand, being situated at Fourth Avenue and Eighth Street, opposite the Bible House of the American Bible Society. Through the benevolence of Mr. Cooper, free lectures and free instruction in the arts and sciences are given there for the benefit of those who may desire to profit by them. In addi- tion to this, there is on the second floor a large reading-room and library, open from 7 A. m. to 10 P. M., which also is free, and which is well patronized by the poorer classes, for whom it is specially intended. One massive structure covers the square bounded by Ninth Street, Fourth Avenue, Tenth Street, and Broadway, and though there is no sign or mark whereby to determine either the nature of the business carried on within or the name of the merchant prince who rules over such a palace of trade, still it is scarcely necessary to inform even a stranger that it is A. T. Stewart's Retail Store. From this point upwards, continuing on Broadway, the scene which presents itself every pleasant afternoon is one that may not be seen in any other city in the world. The great thoroughfare is the grand promenade, and swarms with the beauty, fashion, and wealth of New York. No avenue or street in London or Paris or Berlin, or any of our cities, can be compared with it. No stranger should visit the metropolis without strolling up and down Broad- way some afternoon. ' In the midst of the bustle of this babel of business, the observer will be surprised to discover even one spot where peace and quiet and solemnity reign supreme, and his eye will sparkle with de- light as he distinguishes through the trees the graceful contour AXD ITS EXVIROXS. ILLUSTRATED. 61 of Grace Church, and finds himself face to face -with the tall airy spire which so long has risen up in the vista before him while ap- proaching Tenth Street. This church, which was erected in 1846, at a cost of $145,000, together with the Rectory, which adjoins, presents a most picturesque appearance, and is one of the most elegant houses of worship in the city. f BROADWAY, ABOVE NTNTH STEEET, GRACE CHVECH, ETC. Opposite Grace Cliurch is the Methodist Book Concern build ing, and at the juncture of Thirteenth Street, on the east side of Broadway, stands Wallack's Theatre, one of the leading places of amusement in New York. Occupying the best corner in the city — that of Fourteenth Street and Broadway — and facing both Union Square and Broadway, towers up the edifice erected a few years ago by the Domestic Sewing Machine Company, at an expense of about a quarter of a million dollars. UNION SaUARE AND VICINITY. Union Place, or Uxiox Square, as it is more commonly, but improperly called, once was known as The Forks, the Bloomiugdale Road (Broadway) and the Bowery uniting here. All the neighbor- ing property was formerly owned by the Manhattan Bank, which^ during the prevalence of yellow fever in 1822, in the lower part of the city, erected a temporary bank here. In 1831 the Common Council determined to enlarge the Place to its present size, and lay it out after the plan of the Rue de la Paix and the Place Vendome, Paris, but it was not until 1845-1848 that much building was done here. For a time it was the place of fashionable residences, but business gradually pushed the residents further up and out of town. For several years past it has been a great Sewing Machine 62 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK Company centre, and it sometimes lias been called Sewing Machine Square. Among the most prominent of these companies whose offices are in this locality, may be mentioned the Domestic. Singer (Fourth Avenue side, corner of Sixteenth Street), and Wheeler & Wilson (Fourteenth Street side, between Broadway and Uni- versity Place). Other notable buildings in the Square are the Union Place Hotel, Union Square Theatre, German Savings Bank, Union Square, Clarendon, and Everett Hotels, Spingler House, and Tiffany & Co.'s, which occupies the fonner site of Dr. Cheever's Church of the Puritans. The grounds from which the place derives its title is distinguished for the beauty of its walks, trees, fountain, and general ornamentation as a miniature Park. UNION SQUARE. On University Place, between Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets, is located the New York Society Library, which was first incor- porated as " The Public Library of New York," in 1700, when the Earl op Bellomont was Governor of the Province.* * The reputed founder of this Library was Rev. John Sharp, Chaplain to the Governor. After the Revolution — during which the Library was almost totally destroyed— a building of brown freestone was erected (1793 to 1795) where now stands No. 33 Nassau Street, to which the remains of the old Library, together with some acquisitions, were moved from the City Hall, in June, 1795. In 1836 the New York Athenseum was consolidated with it, and with the united re- sources land, 60 x 100 feet, on the corner of Leonard Street and Broadway, was purchased for $47,500, and an edifice erected thereon at a cost of $70,000, to which a removal was made in 1840. In 1853 the present site was secured. AND ITS EX^'IRONS. ILLUSTRATED. 63 Returning to Union Square, and passing along Fourteenth Street, two colossal statues will be observed, one of Lincoln and one (equestrian) of Washington. On the north side of Fourteenth Street, betvv-een Fourth Avenue and Irving Place, will be seen Steinway Concert-Hall, where also are located the ware-rooms of Steinway & Sons, the Acade- my of Music (the home of Ital- ian Opera in Xew York), Tam- many Hall,* and the Germania Theatre. In Irving Place, op- posite the Academy, is Irving Hall, a great resort for lovers of the Terpsichorean art. On Fourteenth Street, be- tween Sixth and Seventh Aven- ues, is situated the Lyceum Theatre, devoted principally to Opera Bouffe and French and Italian dramas, and the Metro- politan Museum of Art, where the celebrated Cesnola Collec- tion of Antiquities, lately ex- cavated in the Island of Cyprus, is on exhibition. The Twenty- Second Regiment Armory is also in this neighborhood. Again returning to Broadway, and strolling northward past the great Dry Goods palaces of Lord & Tavxor, and Arnold & Constable, and the Park Theatre, which is on the east side of Broadway, near Twenty- second Street, Madison Square appears in view. LINCOLN STATCE. * T.orMAN-T Society, or Colvtmbian Order.— This Society, now so well known in political history, was founded shortly after the Revolution ; its design being to counteract the supposed tendencies of the Society of the Cincinnati, which was by some considered to be of an aristocratic tendency. In the Cincinnati, none but officers, or descendants of officers of the Revolution, were admitted to membership, while the Tammany Society was open to the rank and file. Commencing with small numbers, it'gradually increased in strength, and to-day it rules over the destinies of the Democratic party of New York State. Their old hall stood on the ground now occupied by the New York Tribune, and more re- cently in the building at the corner of Frankfort Street, now occupied by the Sun. 64 HISTORY or AXD HOW TO SEE NEW TQEK MADISOK SQUAEE. MADISON SaXJARE AND VICINITY. In the midst of this square, which in former days (1794) was the site of the Potters' Field, and as late as 184-5 was an open common, there is a beautiful little Park which, though somewhat larger, is very similar in appearance to the one in Union Square. Here, at the juncture of Broadway, Fifth Avenue, and Twenty-third Strefet, may be seen one of the finest and most fashionable of Xew York hotels, the Fifth Avenue, a white marble structure. A few doors above is the Hoffman House, which is kept on the European plan. On a triangular plot of ground in front of this hotel stands a granite monument, erected in 1857, in honor of general William Worth, of Mexican-war celebrity. The Madison Avenue Church is located on the east side of the square, and on the same side, at the comer of Twenty-sixth Street, is the Union League Club- House, erected by Mr! Leonard St. Jerome. The block enclosed by Twenty-sixth Street, Fourth Avenue, and Twenty-sev3nth Street, and Madison Avenue, is P. T. Barnum's renowned Hippodrome, which of late has been known as Gilmore's Coxcert Garden. Here, in Madison Square, Madison Avenue, Fifth Avenue's great-* est rival, has its beginning. Passing west along Twenty-third Street to Sixth Avenue, Booth's Theatre, of Concord granite and in the Renaissance style, will be observed. It will seat an audience of three thousand. On the opposite corner is the new Masonic Temple, one of the finest edifices in New York, and which is devoted to Masonic pur- poses. It is of granite, and its construction cost more than a mil- AND ITS ENVIRONS. ILLUSTRATED. 65 lion dollars. Its frontage on Twenty-tliird Street is one hundred and lifty-nine feet, and its hight to' the cap-stone is ninety feet. The principal entrance, on Twenty-third Street, is through a Doric portico. On each side of the entrance there is a bronze column of the Egyptian order, emblematical of "Strength and Beauty," and intended to be representative of the two great pillars set up at the entrance of King Solomon's Temple at Jerusalem. The first storv MASONIC TEMPLE, TWEXTY-XHIKD STKEET AND SIXTH AVENUE. is devoted to business ; the second to the Grand Lodge and its officers, and contains, when this body is not in session, the spacious room used for concerts and lectures ; the third and fourth floors are exclusively used for Lodge and Chapter bodies, and the Man- sard story is used by the Ancient and Accepted Rite Masons, and the Knights Templars. The income from this building is to be forever contributed as a fund for the support of destitute widows and orphans of ISIasons, On the corner of Eighth Avenue stands the Grand Opera House. It is said to possess the largest stage and auditorium of any place of amusement in the L'nited States. Returning through Twenty-third Street to Fourth Avenue, there may be seen the National Academy of Design, a building of Ve- netian-Gothic style of architecture. On the opposite corner of Twenty-third Street is the Young 66 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YOEK TOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. Men's Christian Association building, -wliicli was completed in 1869. On another corner stands the New York College of Piiy. sicians and Surgeons, founded in 1807. FIFTH AVENUE. WASHINGTON SQUAEE. Fifth Avenue, which intersects and crosses Broadway at Madi- son Square, and extends from thence to the Harlem River, has its AND ITS ENVIRONS. ILLUSTRATED. 67 beginning in Washington Square, which early in this century was used as the Potter's Field, but which was converted into a Park in 1832. Fifth Avenue is well known as the home of New York elite, and on Sunday mornings and afternoons, when crowded with promenaders and carriages and equestrians, presents an avenue sight unrivaled, perhaps, in the world. Business, however, has encroached here as elsewhere, and between Waverley Place, the northern boundary of Washington Square, and Twenty-third FIFTH AYENtTE AND THIRTY-FOURTH STREET. A. T. STEWART S PALATIAL RESIDENCE. Street, there already are many stores. One of the most exclu- sively select hotels, the Brevoort, is located at Xo. 11, and at the juncture of Fourteenth Street is another of Delmonico's restaur- ants. Opposite Delmonico's is Brewster's Carriage Repository. Xear Twenty-ninth Street may be seen the Church of the Trans- figuration, familiarly known as '" The Little Church Round the Cor- ner." It was given this name by the pastor of a neighboring church, who, refusing to perform the burial services of an actor, said that no doubt the clergyman of the little church round the corner would consent to. The Fifth Avenue Theatre, which is devoted principally to So- 68 HISTORY OF AXD HOW TO SEE X^EW YORK ciety dramas, is not on Fifth Avenue, but at Broadway and Twen- ty-eighth Street. The most expensive mansion in the city is located on the corner of Thirty-fourth Street. It is A. T. Stewart's, of white marble, and cost more than one million dollars. Opposite the Rutgers' Female Institute, between Forty-first and Forty-second Streets, may be seen the Distributing Reservoir of the Croton Water Works. It covers almost an entire square, extending nearly to Sixth Avenue. GEA>rD CENTRAL DEPOT — FORTY-SECOND STREET. PASSENGER DEPOT OF THE NEW YORK CENTRAL AND HUDSON KIVER, NEW YORK AND HARLEM, AND NEW YORK, NEW HAVEN, AND HARTFORD RAILROADS. On Forty-second Street, between Vanderbilt and Fourth Avenues, the Grand Central Depot is situated, from which leave the many daily trains of the New York and New Haven, the Harlem and the Hudson River Railroads. It is the largest depot in America, ex- tending as far as Forty-fifth Street, being 693 feet in length, 240 AND ITS EXYIROXS. — ILLUSTRATED. 69 feet in width, and having an average hight of 60 feet. The walls are of brick, with iron trimmings, and the roof, which is of wrought iron, is supported by semi-circular trusses which span 190 feet. On the east side of Fifth Avenue, between Forty-third and Forty-fourth Streets, stands the new Jewish Synagogue, Temple Immanuelj which is said to be the finest example of the Moresque style of architecture in America. On the same side of the avenue, a few blocks above, may be seen the Windsor Hotel, one of the largest and best hotels in this country. On the corner of Forty- eighth Street, on the west side of the avenue, looms up the lofty spire of the Collegiate Reformed Church, one of the most beauti- ful houses of worship in the city. The Buckingham Hotel, though much smaller than the ^Yind. sor, rivals it in many respects, and is worthy of notice. COITPAEATIVE VIE^VS OX FIFTH AVENUE.— UPPER AND LOWER CRUST. Between Fifty-first and Fifty-second Streets, on the most ele- vated ground on Fifth Avenue, there is in course of erection, a large cathedral, which will be the most expensive edifice of its kind in the United States. St. Patrick's Cathedral was projected by the late Archbishop Hughes, who laid its corner stone in 1858. For a time its construction was suspended, but upon the accession of Archbishop, now Cardhial McCloskey, the work was resumed. It is of the Gothic style of architecture, and is expected to be com- pleted in 1877. An altar for the cathedral was ordered by Cardi- nal McCloskey when he was in Rome in 1875. It is to be of the finest Italian marble, ornamented with jewels and mosaics, and is to cost $250,000. Occupying the entire block, on the east side of Fifth Avenue between Seventieth and Seventy-first Streets, stands the Lenox Library, founded bv James Lenox. The bequest of Mr. Lenox 70 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK included one of tlie most valuable collections of manuscripts, books, engravings, paintings, and other works of art in tlie country, be- sides $800,000 for the maintenance of the Library. A short distance to the right, on Sixty-ninth Street, between Fourth and Lexington Avenues, is situated the Normal College. It contains thirty recitation-rooms, three lecture-rooms, a calisthe- nium, library, and a main hall which seats sixteen hundred students. CHATHAM STREET AND THE BOWERY, THE HIGH ROAD TO BOSTON. The original course of the High Road to Boston was across the Common, into Chath.oi Street, and thence to the Bowery. One of the old and important streets which cross Chatham is Pearl, on the lower part of which, until the great fire of 1835, were located the principal dry-goods stores of the city. Turning to the right and proceeding down this street a short distance Franklin Square will be reached. Here stands the spacious building of Harper Brothers, one of the largest and widest- known publishing-houses in the country. Opposite (So. 326) may -efe^ WALTON HOUSE AS IT WAS IN I'i AND AS IT IS IN 1876. be seen the old Walton House, which, a century ago, was con- sidered one of the finest, if not the finest, mansion in New York. It was erected in 1754, by William Walton, a wealthy English gentleman.* * "The house was built in 1754 by William Walton, a wealthy merchant, and 'Member of His Majesty's Council for the Province of New York.' When he selected the site, people "asked with amazement why he proposed to build so far out of town. At that time there was only one building on the south side of Pearl (then Queen) Street, between Peck Slip and Cherry, and only four or five AXD ITS EXYIROXS. ILLUSTRATED. 71 In those davs tlie land in tlie neiofhborliood of Roosevelt, James, Oliver, Oak, Catherine, and Batavif Streets was extremely marshy, and -was kno\^^l as the Swamp Meadow.* The Kolch, Kalch or Kalk - hook Pond (later known as the Collect), ;^ was a lake of considerable J extent, and on its shores, it is supposed, once stood the wigwams of the fierce THE COLLECT, OR FBESH-WATEE POND, AS IT "WAS 100 TEAES AGO, AND AS IT IS >'0W WITH THE TOilBS AJTD OTHER BTJILDrSGS OX THE SAME SPOT. in the neighborliood of Franklin Square. \STien completed, the Walton mansion was the wonder of the day. The main entrance boasted a massive portico with fluted columns. Two rows of balustrades encircled the roof. A grand mahogany staircase occupied the centre of the house. Some of the great rooms were pan- eled in oak, richly carved, while the walls of the others were hung with stamped leather, heavily gilded, which was then extremely fashionable. The bright yel- low bricks, of which the building was constructed, were brought from Holland; the live oak used for timbers was imported from England, and the tiles of the great sloping roof were of Dutch make. The pediment was ornamented with two angels carved in stone, who supported the Walton coat-of-arms. The house was magnificently furnished, and its gilding, car^-ing. tapestries, carpets, and gold and silver plate were the talk and marvel of the town. The old house has long ago seen its best days. It is a wreck now, and out of place, stranded among a people with whom it has no sympathy. The spacious interior affords room for half a dozen stores, and an army of tenants populate the remote interior. But it has a history, and something of our Centennial's glory will soon light up its worn and aged lace."— Mines. * This swamp was connected with the Collect Pond, which was on the other side of Chatham Street, by a small stream over which that thoroughfare was crossed by a bridge near the corner of Eoosevelt Street. This bridge, which ^2 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YOEK Manhattans. This supposition is based upon the fact that on the hill which rose from its western side there were found large de- posits of shells, which is strongly indicative of a settlement hav- ing once been there. To these shells the Pond owed its name, the Dutch Kalch or Kalk-hook, meaning Lime Shell Point.* Among the many hundred buildings which have risen up from the site of the Fresh water Poxd, as the Collect was sometimes called, the most noticeable, perhaps, is the City Prison, generally known as The Tombs, but which originally was termed the Halls of Justice. Its erection was determined on in 1833, and in 1838 it was completed ready for occupation, f Returning through Pearl Street to the Boston High Road and proceeding onwards, the first street on the left to attract attention is Baxter. This narrow way passes through the heart of a locali- ty which once was the disgrace of New York, " The Five Points." Thougli this neighborhood is anything but inviting, even at the present day, still it may be said to be quite respectable when com- pared to its former condition. Ascending the slight hill, and pass- ing through Chatham Square, which is remarkable for nothing in particular, the Bowery is entered. then was outside of the town, was called the " Kissikg-Beidge." from a pleasant custom of the lads and lassies of those times when out sleighing or riding. At this point, also, was located the famous Tea-Water Spring, which, through the medium of the Tea- Water Pump, supiilied with water a population of ten or twelve thousand people. * There was for some time no little dispute about the ownership of the Pond, and between 1680 and 17B3 several patents were granted to variovis claimants, but in 1733 the King granted it to Anthony Rutgers, whose old family mansion stood on the banks of the Pond in 1768. There still being conflicting claims for its possession between the Corporation and the Rutgers heirs, in 1791 the latter executed a release of the disputed property for the consideration of £150. Soon after the Revolution it became a question what it was best to do with the Pond. It was finally concluded to fill it in and lay out streets over the new ground. Accordingly, with this purpose in view, it was surveyed in 1791. As early as 1766 one Monsieur Mangin had proposed to make a dock or basin, in the deep water of the Collect, as a harbor for shipping, which should connect with both the North and East Rivers, by means of a canal four feet in width, and it appears that the Corporation, even after their survey, were rather undecided about the matter, for this same project was re-agitated as late as 1805, when, however, a final decision was rendered against it. At this time (1805) there was an open ditch or canal in the middle of Collect, now Centre Street, which stiil re- mained there until !816. Centre Street was first projected in 1795, and in 1797 a portion of it was termed Potter's Hill. Afterward it was named Collect Street, and in 1817 part was known as Collect and part Ryndees Street. Since then it has borne its present title. t The apartments in the prison will comfortably accommodate 200 prisoners, but as many as 500 have at one time been crowded within its walls. The cells for males number 150, and those for females 22. Those on the second tier are for the reception of criminals guilty of murder and arson, and those on the third tier for persons committed for burglary and grand larceny. Eleven cells of es- pecial strength are set apart lor convicted murderers, six others for those con- victed of less serious crimes, and six are used for hospital jiurposes. Each convict confined here costs the county, it is said, thirty cents per day. In the inner quadrangle, when occasion demands, the fatal gallows is erected. In that part of the Tombs which fronts on Centre Street is held the Tombs Police Court, and the Court ov Special Sessions. AND ITS ENVIKONS. — ILLUSTRATED. ^3 THE BOWEHY was originally called the Bowery Road, a name wliich it acquired because it led through Peter Stuyvesant's- farm, or "Bouwery." In 1760 it was known as the Bowery Laxe, and since 1807 it has been styled the Bowery. It was along the Bowery that the CoN- TiXEXTAL Army marched on their triumphal entry into New York when the British evacuated the city. The enemy having claimed the right of possession until noon on the day of evacuation, the American troops, under command of General Kxox, advanced on that frosty morning from Harlem only as far as the juncture of Third Avenue and Bowery, where they halted until about one o'clock, when they marched on and occupied the city. TKIVMPHAL i:>'TEY OF WASHINGTON AND THE AMERICAN AlOrv VIA BOWERY, NOVEMBER 25, 1783. Almost at the beginning of this thoroughfare stands the old Bowery Theatre, which for years has been the favorite resort of those who delight in witnessiiag the sensational drama. In 1800, and for many years afterward, the present site of the Bowery Theatre was used for a market for the sale of cattle, and known as The Bull's Head. Xearly opposite may be seen the Stadt Theatre, which has one of the largest auditoriums in the country, and which is the best German Theatre in the city. Next door to the Bowery Theatre is the Atlaxtic Gardex, a spacious concert and lager beer hall and garden, which is the favorite evening resort not only of a large r.uraber of Germans and their families, but of Americans and, in fact, people of all nationalities. 4 74 HISTORY OF A:NT) HOW TO SEE NEW YORK On the streets leading from either side of the Bowery, the tene- ment houses loom up, and possibly there is not a more densely populated section of New York than this, which borders on the broad avenues. On its east side, extending from Division Street to about Tenth Street (and above that east of Second Avenue) is that part of the city called Little Germany, owing to the preva- lence of German families throughout the district. bull's head, 1800 ; same site, bowery theatri: and sukroundings, 1876. One of the latest and most noticeable structures erected on this street is the Dry Dock Savings Bank, at the corner of Third Street. Tompkins Market, the upper part of which is used as the armory and drill-room for the Seventh Regiment, New York State National Guard, may be seen at the juncture of Bowery and Third Avenue. A few doors to the right, on Eighth Street, is the TivoLi Garden. A block beyond, on Third Avenue, begins Stuyvesant Place, whereon is located St. Mark's Church, built in 1779, and within whose vaults rest the mortal remains of Pe- trus Stuyvesant, who died August, 1682, aged 80 years. Between Sixty-third and Sixty-fovirth Streets, on the east side of Third Avenue, stands a low building familiarly known as the Rink, wherein are annually held the fairs of the American Insti- tute, which are most interesting exhibitions of the results of me- chanical and other industries and improvements. These exposi- tions commence early in September and close in November. AND ITS ENVIRONS. ILLUSTIIATED. 75 ALONG THE DOCKS AND SLIPS. DAY may be pleasantly and profitably spent in an ex- amination of the water-front of tlie city ; the scenes and incidents associated with the daily business of the occasion, will afford the liveliest enjoyment. Com- merce is the first important element in New York's great prosperity. Forty years ago the exciting politi- cal war-cry of the day, and the synonym of success, was "Free Trade and Sailors' Rights ! " New York enjoys great facilities for both foreign and domestic or coast-wise commerce, and surpasses every other State in the Union in the absolute tonnage owned by her merchants. The commercial craft of the world finds a sure harbor and a resting place at our wharves ; the productions of every nation finds a market here, not excelled by any other country. As before suggested, a ramble along the streets bordering upon the two rivers, will afford some idea of the magnitude of the busi- ness transacted at our wharves, of the immense number of men employed, the machinery used, the number of vehicles required, and the vast amount of labor accomplished. OYSTER BARGES. Starting from the upper part of the city on the west, or North River side, the smaller craft, used mostly as coasting and pleasure vessels, will attract our attention. At the foot of West Tenth, Christopher, and other streets, may be seen an extended line of floating barges used for the sale of Oysters. This is the head- V6 HISTORY OF AND IIO^^' TO SEE 2n^EW YORK quarters of the North River Oyster trade. From this market is sold and shipped a large portion of the oysters brought to ihis city. Passing down, we meet the crowds that throng the streets and wharves at which are moored the immense ocean steamships of the Pacific Mail Company, the White Star line, the Inman line, and the hundreds of smaller river steamers. Further on, we en- counter the vast Produce-trade, which monopolizes the docks from Canal to Cortlandt Streets, and many of the intersecting streets as far back as Greenwich Street, At Washington Market is concen- trated almost the entire market trade of tlie city. A visit to the interior and the surroundings of this huge establishment will fully compensate for the time and labor devoted, and, in fact, an exam- ination must be made to appreciate the magnitude of the business of this stupendous storehouse of the country's productions, and of the daily demands of the people for the necessaries of life. Pass- ing on, we encounter the multitudes of people hurrying to the several Jersey City ferries, anxious to catch the trains for home and distant transportations. In due time, we reach the Battery, in which the traveler may stroll for a brief period, admire the beauties of the place, and contemplate the incidents of the past. After passing the Staten Island, Hamilton, and South Ferries, on the East River, we reach the docks filled with canal boats. Here is concentrated the great flour trade of the West. More than a thousand boats pass in and out of these slips every week during the busy season. We next come to Wall Street Ferry, with its crowds of passengers passing to and fro ; now we are among the heavy foreign and coast-wise sailing vessels, constantly loading and unloading, and then the smaller craft used for fruit transpor- tation make a depot for the sale of oranges, bananas, pineapples, grapes, and the choicest fruits from the tropics. Continuing our journey, west and in front of Fulton Ferry, we for a moment will observe the immense crowds of passengers and vehicles that pass over this ferry — the number is estimated by millions. On the op- posite side of the street is the well-known Fulton Market, cele- brated for its choice fruits and fine oysters — the best in the world. Opposite and covering the entire water-front, from Beekman to Fulton Streets, is the wholesale fish-market. This is the great fish depot of the city, and millions of dollars' worth of business is done here annually,^ A "snsit to this piscatorial establishment early in the morning will gratify as well as astonish. Passing on, we meet the numerous steamboat landings at Peck Slip, the Roosevelt St,, James Slip (Hunter's Point), and Catharine St, Ferries, and then the curiously constructed Dry Docks, where vessels are raised bodily from the water for repairs, are seen. Continuing our journey, we pass immense iron foundries, storage houses, oil factories, Grand Street Ferries, depots for oyster and coal barges, Houston Street Ferry, the old ship yards, and finally the end of all that is curious or interesting in connection with the w^ater front of the commercial emporium of the United States. Where less tlian a quarter of a century ago only a wild wilder- ness, barren rocks and ledges, loathsome swamps and tangled thickets met the eye, has ap- peared, as if by magic, one of the most beautiful parks in the world. Central Park, which was commenced in 1858, and which embraces an area of 843 acres (141 of which are occupied by the Croton reservoirs), lies be- tween Fifth and Eighth Aven- _ _ ues, extends from Fifty-ninth to One Hundred and Tenth Street, and is accessible by almost every horse-car line in the city (the Cross-towm lines except- ed). Its entire length is two and one-half miles, and its %vidth about half a mile. It may be entered by eighteen different gates (each of which is named), but the principal entrances are on Fifty-ninth Street, at Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth Avenues. Carnages, belonging to the Park, leave the Fifth and Eighth Avenue entrances, at short intervals, throughout the day, which convey passengers, for the sum of twenty-five cents each, through *78 HISTORY OF AND IIOAV TO SEE NEW YOKK tlie Park, visiting its most interesting parts. The legal rates of hack fare (hackmen are in constant attendance on Fifty-ninth Street) are as follows : All around the Park, with privilege of keeping carriage two hours, $4.00 ; to principal parts of the Park $3.00 ; to Casino, Lake, and return, $3,00 ; when engaged by the hour, $2.00 per single hour, or at the rate of $1.50 per hour for three or more hours. Park Police are always near at hand, and it is their duty to civilly answer inquiries. Arriving in the Park the bustle of business is left behind, and wander where you will, no sights suggestive of the turmoil of trade will present themselves, for no city thoroughfares enter its confines, the connection between the east and west sides of New York being kept up by means of four streets— Sixty-fifth, Seventy- ninth, Eighty-fifth, and Ninety-seventh — which may be said to pass under the Park. Passing on, all is pleasant and beautiful about you, and nearly every one you meet seems to be happy. The principal points of interest in the Park, are the Musexbi, the Mall, the Casino, the Teerace, the Lake, the K amble, and the Reseevoiks. The Museum is only a short distance from the Fifth Avenue entrance. Here may be seen many objects and specimens specially interesting to the student or lover of Natural History ; also a large collection of birds which have been most carefully arranged and classified. In adjacent buildings there is quite a menagerie of wild animals, brought from all parts of the globe. A larger and more suitable edifice is now in course of erection on the west side of the Park, between Seventy-seventh and Eighty-first Streets. The foundation-stone was laid in June, 1874, by President Grant. It will possess a Meteorological and Astronomical Observatory, be- sides a Museum of Natural History, and a Gallery of Art, and will cost about $6,000,000. At the head of the Pond, near the Museum, there stands a small Gothic cottage, which is known as The Dairy, where pure fresh milk may beprocured for children at a very moderate charge. The Mall is a broad promenade, nearly a quarter of a mile in length and 208 feet in width, lined with trees on either side, and situated in the midst of a fine lawn. Here, during the summer months, Dodsworth's Band discourses operatic selections and pop- ular airs, from a pagoda-like band-stand, on Saturday afternoons, to the delight ot the thousands who throng the Park on that day. To the right of the Mall, on a hill, is located The Casino, a fashionable resort and restaurant, where all kinds of refreshments may be obtained. At the head of the Mall, and overlooking the Lake, is an architectural structure, which is termed The Terrace, a series of stone steps lead from the Mall to the shores of the main Lake, a very beautiful sheet of water of con- Biderable extent. During the warm season, it is usually dotted AXD ITS EXYIROXS. ILLUSTRATED. 79 with boats filled -with pleasure seekers, and in the winter thou- sands daily skim over its icy bosom. Keeping to the left, and following a winding path along its bank, a bridge will soon be seen which leads to The Ramble. — This section of the Park, which extends from the Lake to the Lower Reservoir is devoted entirely to walks, and is one of the pleasantest parts of the great pleasure-ground. There is within its limits a small Cascade and a Cave. The Reservoirs. — The old Reservoir extends from Eighty to Eighty-fifth Street, and is located in about the centre of the Park. Its capacity is 150,000,000 gallons of water. The new Reservoir which is double the size of the old one, and is situated just north of it, vras first used in 1862. Overlooking the Reservoirs is a Gothic structure called the Bel- vedere, whose tower commands a fine view. There are many other points and places which will be of great interest to the traveler and stranger, but lack of space here pre- vents our mention of them in these pages. Distributed about the Park are a number of works of art, among which may be men- tioned the statues of Prof. Morse, Shakespeare, and Sir Walter Scott. Possibly the finest piece of sculpture in the Park is that of the Tigress axd Cubs, which is situated on a little hill on the left of the Terrace. TOMPKINS sail ARE. This is the grand Square on the eastern side of the city ; it is bounded by Avenues A and B, and Seventh and Tenth Streets. It is used as a parade groimd for the First Division of New York Mili- tia, the popular promenade and place for holding mass meetings by the people residing in its vicinity. STinrVESANT SaUABE. This is the prettiest of the smaller Parks in the city, and is a portion of the old Stuyvesant farm. It is bounded by Rutherford and Livingston Places* Fifteenth and Seventeenth Streets. GRAIMIMEIICY PARK. Lying between Third and Fourth Avenues, Twentieth and Twenty-first Streets. This is a private Park, owned by the prop- erty owners residing around it. MOUNT MORRIS PARK, Bounded by 120th and 124th Streets, and Fifth and Sixth Aven- ues. This IS the great public Park of Harlem, and one of the most eligible locations on the island. The roads rising far above the grades of the adjacent streets, make it an agreeable place of resort when the atmosphere is clear, and a walk up the hill is inviting. 80 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK That portion of fhis Park on the grade of the surrounding streets is completed, and is not inferior to any other Park in the city. RESERVOIR PARK Is located between the Fifth and Sixth Avenues, and Fortieth and Forty-second Streets. It is a beautiful Park of moderate dimen- sions, with artistically laid out wallvs. RIVERSIDE PARK, Situated on the Hudson River, between Seventy-second and 129th Streets, is a long narrow strip of land, almost entirely on the river slope, of about 82 acres, and is remarkable for its natural beauties. MORNINGSIDE PARK Is a newly-laid out Park, forming the area between Eighth and Ninth Avenues and 110th to 123d Streets. The land is irregular and beautifully adapted to make one of the grandest places of re- sort, as a pleasure-groimd, in the city. HARLEM AND VICINITY. Harlem is by no means devoid of historical and Revolutionary leminiscences. When General Washington found it necessary, in September, 1776, to evacuate the City of New York, he retreated with his army toward Mount Washington and King's Bridge. Fortifications were immediately thrown up in Harlem and \dcinity, among which may be mentioned : a line of breastworks near the Harlem River, extending from 136th Street to Bussing's Point, near McComb's Dam ; a battery on each side of Harlem Cove, at Manhattanville (since noted as the home of Audubon, the Natur- alist), 131st to 133d Streets ; a line of works along the hills (the present site of the Convent of the Sacred Heart) extending to 150th Street ; a line of intrenchments, with three batteries and ahatis near 151st Street, extending a distance of about a mile to the Hud- son River ; another line with three batteries and ahatis along 161st and 162d Streets, and a redoubt on the high bank of Harlem River at the foot of 156th Street. Harlem is now included within the limits of New York. Looking up the Harlem River, a massive granite structure ob- structs the view. It is the High Bridge, composed of a number of arches — eight of which span eighty feet each, at an elevation of one hundred feet above the river — by means of which the water of the Croton Aqueduct is borne in immense pipes a distance of a quarter mile across the valley and river. About seven miles from Harlem Bridge, just above Fordham, Woodlawn Cemetery is situated on the west bank of the River Bronx, a tributary of Harlem River, It was established in 1864, contains three hundred acres, and is one of the most beautiful of the many cemeteries in the neighborhood of New York. GENERAL INFORMATION. 81 ADJACENT ISLANDS AND POPULAR RESORTS. Blackwell's Island. Received its uame from its former owner. On this Island are the Charity, Small Pox, Fever, Infant, Incurables, Epileptics, and Paralytics Hospitals ; Penitentiary, Alms-house, and Lunatic Asylum. TVard's Island, At the junction of the East and Harlem Rivers, opposite 100th and 114th Streets. It contains Hospital for Emigrants, Inebriate Asylum, and Pot- ter's Field. Randall's Island. Is a short distance north of Ward's Island. On it are the House of Refuge for the reformation of children; Idiots' and Infants' Hospital. ^^"These institutions are under the charge of the Commissioners of Chari- ties and Corrections, corner E. 11th Street and Third Ave., from whom per- mission to visit must be obtained. The Islands are reached by steamboat from foot of E. 26th Street. Staten Island, In the Bay, six miles from the city, has a beautifully rounded eleva- tion of four hundred feet above the level of the sea. It abounds with beautiful villages, seats, and is surrounded with the most enchanting scenery, and easy of access. Reached by steamboats from Whitehall Dock and Pier No. 19, N. R. Long IBrancli, Thirty-three miles from New York, is the famous ocean watering- place. Numerous first-class hotels and private boarding-houses adorn the bluffs for several miles. Reached by boats from Piers 8 and 35, to Sandy Hook, thence by cars, or via Central of New Jersey R. R. from Pier 15. Highlands of HST. J. This favorite resort affords the boldest ocean view within the State. Several first-class hotels are arranged along the beach. Boating, fishing, sea- bathing, and the enjoyment of good living are the prominent features of this place. Reached by steamboats from Pier 23, N. R. Red. Bank, A pleasant town on the branch of the Neversiuk River, a delightful place for summer resort. Readied by steam- boats from Pier 35, and railroad from Pier 15, M. R. Coney- I.sland, The great bathing establishment of the Metropolis. Every body goes, during the warm season, to Coney Island for a surf bath, or to enjoy the benefit of the invigorating sea breeze. Reached by cars from the Brooklyn ferries, or by boat from Pier 35, N. R. Rockaway Beach., The finest for sea-bathing in the world, is a popular summer resort. It has several large and well-conducted hotels. To be reached by Southside Railroad from Williamsburg. Rocka^vay-, via Canarsie. This is one of the popular re- sorts for surf-bathing, and the enjoy- ment of aquatic sports, chowders, and clam-bakes. Several good hotels are at this place. Reached by cars from Brooklyn ferries to Canarsie, thence by steamboat over Jamaica Bay to the Beach. Fire Island, On the easterly part of Long Island, about twenty-five miles from New York, is now one of the popular and fashionable places of resort during the summer. Good hotel accommoda- tions. Reached by the Long Island and Southern Railroads to Babylon, thence by boat across the Great South Bay. Bay Side, Four miles from Flushing, is a delightful place for a day's enjoyment ; the scenery is beautiful, and the Bay is famous for fishing, boating, and clam-baking. A clam-roast in the prim- itive style, and a fish-chowder are among the luxuries of this lovely place. It is reached via Hunter's Point and Flushing by cars. lieyport, A beautiful village on Earitan Bay, twenty-two miles from New York. This place is noted for the superior quality of its oysters and fine fishing. Several good hotels are to be found here. Reached bv boats from Pier No. 26, N. R. Fishing Banks. During the warm weather excur- sions are frequently made to the Fish- ing Banks, which are popular and sometimes beneficial to health, from the good effects of "casting up old or indigestible accounts." [See advertise- ments in daily ijapers.) 82 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK FULXOK iEKEY HUUSK. ENVIRONS OF THE CITY. BROOKLYN. ROOKLYN is tlie third city in the Union in regard to size, and has a population of nearly half a million. Two or three days may be devoted to visiting this beautiful city with great advantage, as it contains many places of local and historical interest. Its suburbs abound in interesting and pleasant places of resort for the grati- fication of the curious and the seeker after the beautiful in nature and art. For more than two centuries people have been crossing the East River in the neighborhood of the present Fulton Ferry. In fact, in the old Knickerbocker times the rent of the Brooklyn Ferry was the principal item of income to the City of New Amsterdam, for then, as now, Long Island farmers came to the Metropolis to dis- pose of their stock and produce. The "Old Ferry " was from Peck Slip, New York, to Fulton Street, Brooklyn, and the first ferry-man of whom mention is made was one Cornelius Dircksen, who kept an inn (1642) near Peck Slip. He was obliged, by law, to run six boats, which were each manned by three oarsmen, and the longest time allowed for a trip, in the winter, was seventy-two minutes. While standing on the ferry-boat deck, the massive stone towers, one on either side of the river, cannot fail to attract attention. From these are to be suspended the Brooklyn and New York Suspension Bridge, which ere long will span the river and unite the two cities. AND ITS ENVIRONS. ILLUSTRATED. 83 Some distance beyond, the Bridge Tower (Brooklyn side) Walla- bout Bay* indents the shores of Long Island. There is located the Navy Yard, and in that immediate vicinity the first settlement on the Island was made in 1625, by the Walloons from Holland, and there, in their little village, the first white child (Sarah Rap- elje, June 7, 1625) was born in the New Netherlands, Rising on the right hand of Fulton Ferry may be seen the Rights, a favorite place of residence for the wealthy. The scene from the rear windows of the mansions on Columbia Street is verj' fine, commanding an outlook on the Bay, the islands and New Jersey shore, besides a good view of the great city "over the water." The City Hall, a white marble structure, is situated at the junc- ture of Fulton, Court, and Joralemon Streets, and back of it, on the left, may be seen the Court House. On Montague Street (which leads to Wall Street Ferry) are the Academy of Music, the Art Association Building, and the Mercantile Library. In the same vicinity, on Washington, near Fulton, are the Post-office and the Brooklyn Theatre, and facing the City Hall is the Park Theatre. Myrtle Avenue, which may be called the Bowery of Brooklyn, leads off to the left just before the City Hall is reached. On the right of this thoroughfare, between Ra\Tnond and Cumberland Streets, and about half a mile from Fulton Street, there rises a hill, which is now known as Washington Park or Square. In 1776, on its summit, a redoubt was thrown up by the Americans, which was called Fort Putnam. In 1812 this fortification was strengthened and its name changed to Fort Greene, This was the last point held by Washington previous to his masterly re- treat after the Battle* of Long Island. Brooklyn possesses a Park which is, in many respects, more beautiful than any m the country. Certainly the hand of man is less evident in Prospect Park than in any other. Its beauty and scenery is that of Nature itself, which needs not human artifice to * In the ■Wallabout Bay, the British prison ships were stationed during the Rev- olution. The first of them, the Whitby, was moored near what now is the foot of NaT>- Street. Others, among whom may be men- tioned the Prince of Wales, the Old Jersey (called at the time "the Hell)," the John, the Falmouth, and the Good Hope, were anchored near by during the progress of the war. The sufferings of PRISON SHIP AT THK WALLABOUT, 1779. the prisoners in the ships were horrible. They were treated with cruelty and neglect. Diseases broke out among them, some went Jnad, and some died of starvation. Thousands perished. 84 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK improve it. The grounds cover an area of more than 510 acres. The main entrance is on Flatbush Avenue, and is called the Plaza. From the centre of the Plaza spring forth the sparkling waters of a large fountain, in front of which may be seen a statue (of the Heroic size) of the late Abraham Lincoln. Prospect Park Lake (covering 61 acres) over whose placid surface boats and miniature yachts skim during the summer months, affords a fine skating- place in the winter, and it is well patronized at both seasons. The most elevated point in the Park is called Lookout Carriage Con- course ; it is nearly an acre in area, and 186 feet above the level of the sea. An Observatory, 100 feet in hight, has been erected on this spot, and the view it commands of the Bay and the sur- rounding country is unsurpassed. Several works of art have been erected in the Park, among which may be mentioned that of Washington Irving, and that of John Howard Payne, author of " Home, Sweet Home." The windings of some of the Rambles are very picturesque, murmuring brooks ripple here and there, and arbors and rustic shelters are on every side. It was on the slope of Prospect-hill that General Sullivan's jaded soldiers, retreat- ing before the overpowering numbers of the Hessians, suddenly and unexpectedly encountered the light infantry and dragoons of General Clinton (Battle of Long Island, August 27, 1776). The Americans fought desperately, hand to hand for a time, between the two fires, but were finally forced to surrender. On the hills of Greenwood Cemetery, most of the fighting of that disastrous bat- tle occurred. Greenwood Cemetery, now the most beautiful " City of the Dead " in the world, and the oldest within a reasonable distance of New York City, is situated on Gowanus Hights, two and a half miles from South Ferry. It contains nearly 500 acres of land. A brief description of this grandest of Cemeteries would be unwor- thy of the subject. No visitor to the city will omit to ^'isit it, and thereby appreciate its beauties. It may be reached by cars from all the Brooklyn Ferries. A grand Boulevard, 210 feet vride, from East New York, pass- ing through Prospect Park to the Ocean, is nearly completed, and is worthy of a visit, and a drive. Brooklyn is appropriately termed " The City of Churches." All the denominations of the country are represented ; some of the most imposing churches have been erected here, and many of the most distinguished and sensational pulpit orators in America are to be found in this city. ^^ We have thus far accompanied our stranger friend over and around the city, exhibiting and explaining its various points of interest — old and new — we hope with as much satisfaction to him as the journey has been pleasant to us. Having accomplished our task, we will now part company, wishing him a continuance of pleasure in his travels over the country, and tendering him a hearty welcome to our First Centennial. GENERAL INFORMATION EW YORK, in its immense and rapid growth, now covers the whole of Manhattan Island, and extends to Kingsbridge, Westchester County. The island is a long, narrow strip of land running north and south, ^vith the North River on the west, and the East River on the east ; about fourteen miles long, and an average of two and a half wide. Broadway, which begins at the Battery, passes through the centre of the city until it reaches Union Square, where it glances ofE a little westerly, and then passes straight on to Harlem River. The Fifth Avenue, beginning at Waverley Place and Washington Square, divides the city ; and the streets above this point, crossing the avenue, are numbered and known as East and West. The streets on the upper part of the island are laid out, with some respect to regularity, into squares, and twenty-one squares make a mile. ELEVATED KAILKOAD, GREENWICH STREET, FROM THE BATTERY TO FIFTY- NINTH STREET. Among the important and necessary conveniences of Xew York are the City Railroads. They are to be found in all parts of the city, and running at short intervals during the day and part of the night. The cars on the Third and Eighth Avenues, at longer in- tervals, run all night. The fare on all the routes, with the follow- ing exceptions, is^FrvE Cents. The Fourth Avenue is six cents for any distance to Forty-fourth Street ; above Forty-fourth Street, the fare is eight cents. On the Third Avenue, the fare is six 86 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK. cents above Sixty-fifth Street ; on the Eighth Avenue the fare is eight cents above Fifty-ninth Street, and ten cents above Seventy- second Street ; on the Second Avenue, the fare is six cents above Sixty-third Street ; on Avenue C, six cents. CITY RAILROAD ROUTES. Avenue C— From Fourth av. cor. E. 42cl to Lexington av., to E. 35th, to First av., to E. 23d. to Av. A, to E. 17th, to Av. C, to Third, to First av., to E. and W. Houston, to West, to ft. Cham- bers. Retui-ning through West, to Charlton, to Prince, to Stanton, to Pitt, to AV. C, to E. 18th, to Av. A, to E. 23d, to First av., to E. 36th, to Lexington av., to E. 4:2d and Fourth av. Fare 6 cents. Bleecker Street and Fnlton Ferry.— (Green cars). From W. 12th cor. Tenth av. to Hudson, Bleecker, Crosby, How- ard, Elm, Eeade, Centre, Chatham. Park Row, Beekman, South, Fulton Ferry. Returning through Fulton, William, Ann, Park Row, Chatham, Centre, Leonard. Elm, Howard, Cros- by, Bleecker, Macdougal. W. 4th, W. 12th, Hudson, W. 14th, Eleventh av., foot W. 23d. Also {yellow cars), from W. 12th cor. Tenth av. to Hudson, Bleecker, Crosby, Howard, Elm, Canal, Bowery, Chatham sq., New Bowery, Pearl, Peck si., South, Ful- ton Ferry. Returning nearly the same route. Fare 5 cents. Broadway and Seventh Avenue. — From Seventh av. cor. W. 59th, through Broadway, University pi., Wooster, W. Broadway, Barclay, Broadway. Returning through Barclay, Church, Greene, Clinton pi.. University pi., Broadway and Seventh av. Fare 5 cents. Central Park, North and East Rivers.— Western Division, from South Ferry, through Whitehall, Battervpl., West, Tenth av., W. 59th, to Fifth av. Re- turning by same route. Eaf:tern Di- vision, from South Ferry to Front, Old si.. South, Montgomery. South, Jackson, Monroe. Grand, Goerck, E. Houston. Av. D, E. 14th, Av. A, E. 23d, First av., E. 59th, to Fifth av. Returning nearly same route. Fare 5 cents. Christopher and Tenth Street. — From Christopher, cor. West, through Christopher to Greenwich av., through Greenwich av. to and across Sixth av., to Clinton pi., 8th, Av. A, through Av. A., E. 10th, through E. 10th to the ferry. Returning through E. 10th to Av. A., to E. 9th, Stuyve- eant, 8th, Clinton pi., Greenwich av., W. 10th, West, to Christopher. Fare 5 cents. Dry Dock, East Broadway and Battery.— From E. 23d cor. Av. A., to E. IQth, Av. D, 8th, Lewis, Grand, E. Broad- way, Chatham, Park Row, Ann. Re- turning same route to Columbia, Av. D., E. 10th, Av. A., E. 23d. Canal Street Branch. — From foot of Grand to E. Broadwaj-, to Canal, to Walker, to N. Moore, to "Washington, to foot of Cortlaudt. Returning to Greenwich, Beach, Lispenard, Canal, Grand Street Ferry. Thirty-fourth Street Branch.— From E. 34th to depot, Av. B. Second, Essex, E. Broadway, Chatham, Ann. Return- ing to Chatham, E. Broadway, Clin- ton, Av. B, E. 14th, Av. A, E. 23d, First Av., 34th Street Ferry. Desbrosses Street Ferry Branch. — From Grand Street Ferry, through Grand, Sullivan, Vestry, Greenwich, Desbrosses, to Ferry. Returning nearly the same route. Fare 5 cents. Eighth Avenue. — From Vesey, cor. Broadway, through Church to Cham- bers, W. Broadway, Canal, Hudson, Eighth av., Macomb's Dam. Return- ing by the same route. Fare 5 cents to W. 59th, 10 cents to Macomb's Dam. Elevated Railroad.— From No. 7 Broad- way, through Greenwich st. and Ninth av. to 59th St. Returning same route. Stations.— Corner of Liberty, War- ren, Franklin, Canal, Houston, W. 11th, 12th, 21st, 30th, 34th, 42d, 50th, 59th streets. Fare 10 cents. Forty-Second and Grand Street Ferry.— From foot W. 42d, to 10th av., W. .34th, Broadway, E. 23d, Fourth av.. E. 14th, Av. A, E. Houston, Cannon, Grand, to Ferry. Returning through Grand to Goerck. E. Houston, Second, Av. A, E. 14th, Fourth av., E. 23d, Broad- way, W. 34th, Tenth av., to foot W. 42d. Fare 5 cents. GENERAL INFORMATION. 87 Harlem (City Line).— From Park Row to Centre, Grand, Bower j', Fourth av., E. 42d, Madison av.. E. 8Gth. Also, from E. 32d to Lexington av., E. 34th, to Hunter's Point Ferrj'. Returning same route through Broome to Cen- tre, to Park Row. Fare 6 cents to E. 4;2d, 8 cents above. Harlem Bridge, Morrisania and Fordham.— From Harlem Bridge up Third av. to Fordham ; also, from Harlem Bridge up Third av. to Boston av., up Boston av. to West Farms. Fare 6 cents to Morrisania, 8 cents to Tremout, 10 cents to Fordham, 10 cents to West Farms. New Central Cross Town.— From foot E. 23d to Av. A, E. 18th, Broadwav, to E. 14th, E. and W. 14th to Seventh av., to W. 11th, to West, to Christo- pher Street Ferry. Returning nearly same route. Fare 5 cents. Ninth Arenue.— From Fulton, cor. Broad- way to Greenwich, Ninth av., W. 54th. Returning through Ninth av., Washington, Fulton, to Broadway. Fare 5 cents. One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street.— From Third av. cor. E. 130th, through Third av., E. 125th, W. 125th, to N. R. Returning the same route. Fare 5 cents. Second Avenue.— From Peck si. through South, Oliver, Chatham, Bowery, Grand, Forsyth, Second av., to Har- lem. Returning through Second av. to E. 23d, First av., Allen, Grand, Bowery, Chatham, Pearl, to Peck si. Also, from foot E. 92d to Av. A, E. 86th, Second av., Stuyvesant, Astor pi., to Broadway. Returning same route. Fare 5 cents to E. 63d ; 6 cents above. Also, branch from Chatham to Worth, to Broadway. Seventh Avenue. — From Seventh av. cor. W. 59th, to Greenwich av., Clinton pi., Macdougal, W. 4th, Thompson. Canal, W. Broadway, Park pi., to Broadway. Returning through Park pi., Church, Canal, Sullivan, W. 4th, Macdougal, Clinton pi., Greenwich av.. Seventh av., to W. 59th. Fare 5 cents. Sixth Avenue.— From Vesey, cor. Broad- way, through Church to Chambers, W, Broadway, Canal, Yarick, Car- mine, Sixth av., to W. 59th, Return- ing by the same route. Fare 5 cents. South Ferry via New Church to Vesey.— Returning by the same route. Fare 5 cents. Third Avenue.— From Ann through Park Row, to Chatham, Bowery, Third av., to Harlem Bridge. Returning by the same route. Fare 5 cents to E. 65th; 6 cents to E. 130th. Forty-Second Street Route.— From Ann to Chatham, Bowery, Third av., to 35th, to Lexington av., to 42d Street Depot. Returning by the same route. Fare 5 cents. Twenty-third Street-- From foot of and through W. 23d to E, 23d, E, R, Re- turning same route. Also from foot of and through W, 23d to E. 23d, to Second av., to E, 28th, to First av,, to E. 34th Street Ferry. Returning through First av. to E. 29th, to Second av.,to E. 23d, to and through to foot W. 23d. Fare 5 cents. CITY STAGE ROUTES. Fifth Avenue and Fulton Ferry.- Route from cor. 43d st. and Fifth av., down Fifth av. to 12th, to University pi., to 11th, to Broadway, to Fulton st., and to Fulton Ferry. Fare 10 cents. Last stage leaves 43d st. at 11 p. m. Last stage leaves Fulton Ferry at 12 midnight. Madison Avenue and Wall Street Ferry,— Route from 40th st. and Madison av., to Broadway, to Wall st., and to the Ferry, Last stage leaves 40th st., at 10 15 p. m. Last stage leaves Wall Street Ferry at 11 30 p. m, Broadway, Twenty-third Street and Ninth Avenue.— Route Irom 30th st.. Ninth av,, to 23d St., down Broadway, to South Ferry. Last stage leaves 29th St. at 10 20 p. m. Last stage leaves South Ferry at 11 30 p. m. PRINCIPAL. CHURCHES. Amity Street, W. 54th, near Eighth av ; Wm. R. WiUiams, Minister. Calvary, 50 W. 23d ; Robert S. Mac- arthur, Minister, Central Park, E. 83d. near Second av,; C, C, Norton, Minister, East,Madison, cor, Gouverneur; Edward Love, Minister. Fifth Avenue, 6 W. 46th ; Thomas Armi- tage. Minister, First, Park av. cor, E. 39th ; Thos, D. Anderson, Minister, 88 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK. First Mariners', Oliver, cor. Henry; J. L. Hodge, Minister. Madison Avenue, cor. E. 31st ; J. F. Elder, Minister. North, 126 Christopher; J. J. Brouner, Minister. Pilgrim, 327 W. 33d; J. S. Kennard, Minister. Second German, 451 "W. 4oth; Henry- Schneider, Minister. Sixteenth Street, 257 W, 16th; David B. Jutton, Minister. South, 235 W. 25th : A. C. Osborn, Min. Stanton Street, 36 Stanton; W. S. Mikels, Minister. Tabernacle, 166 Second av.; J. B. Haw- thorne, Minister. Trinity, E. 55th, near Lexington av; J. S. Holme, Minister. West, 53d, near Seventh av ; W. H, Pen- dleton, Minister, Zion, 7 Seventh av. ; John Corey, Min. CONGREGATIONAL. Church of the Disciples, Madison av. cor. E. 4:5th; Geo. H. Hepworth, Minister. Harlem, E. 125th, near Second av. ; Sam- uel H. Virgin, Minister. Tabernacle, Sixth av. cor. W. 34th; W. M. Taylor, Minister. Welsh, 206 E. 11th. FEIENDS. East Fifteenth, cor. Rutherford pi. Twentieth Street, E. 20th, near Third av. Twenty-Seventh Street, 43 W. 27th. JEWISH SYNAGOGUES. AdarethEl., 135 E. 39th; Morris Leon, President. Ahavath Chesed, Lexington av. cor. E. 55th; M. Kohner, President; D. Huebsch, Rabbi. Beth Abraham, 22 E. Broadway; S. Gold- stein, President. Beth Cholim, Lexington av. cor. E. 66th; E. B. Hart, President. Beth Hamedrash Hagodol, 69 Ludlow; Isaac Rosenthal, President. Beth-El, Lexington av. cor. E. 63d ; J. M. Stine, President; D. Einhorn, Rabbi, Bnai Israel, 41 Stanton; Meyer Rosen- thal, President. Bnai Jeshurun, 145 W. 34th; Moses Stras- berger. President. Bnai Sholom, 638 Fifth ; Jacob Stearn, President. Darech Amuno, University bldg. ; A. Gettinger, President. Rodeph Scholem, 8 Clinton; J. B. Gutten- burgh, President. Shaarai Berocho, 306 Sixth; I. Netter, President. Shaarai Rach Mim, 146 Norfolk; Marx Fleishauer, President. Shaarai Tephila, 127 W. 14th; B. L. Solo- mon, President; S. M. Isaacs, Min. Shaarai Zedeck, 38 Henry; Moses Mais- ner. Rabbi. Shearith Israel, 2d, W. 19 th near Fifth av. ; J. S. Abecasis, President ; J. J. Lyons, Rabbi. Temple Emanu-El, Fifth av. cor. E. 43d; L. May, President; Samuel Adler, Gustave Gottheil, Rabbis ; A. Rubin, Reader. LTJTHEKAN. Bethlehems, 492 Grand ; C. Kuehn, Min. Church of Christ, 646 Sixth; George U. Wenner, Minister. Gustavus Adolphus, 151 E. 22d; J. G. Prin- cell. Minister. Holy Truiity, 47 W. 21st; G. F. Krotel, Minister. Norwegian, 56 Monroe; 0. Juul, Min. St. James', 216 E. 15th; A. C. Wedekind, Minister. St. John's, 81 Christopher ; A. H. M. Held, Minister. St. Luke's, 318 W. 43d; WilUam Busse Minister. St. Mark's, 323 Sixth; H, Raegener, Min. St. Matthew's, 354 Broome; J. Ruperti, Minister. St. Paul's, 226 Sixth av. ; F. W. Geissen- hainer, Minister. St. Paul's, W. 123d near Seventh av. ; Julius Ehrhart, Minister. St. Peter's, Lexington av. cor. E. 46th; E. F. Moldehnke, Minister. Trinity, Avenue B, cor. E. 9th; Freder- ick Koeuig, Minister. Zion, E. 23d, cor. Fourth av. ; S. Keyl, Minister. METHODIST EPISCOPAi. Alanson, 52 Norfolk; Parsonage, 279 E. Broadway. Allen Street, 126 AUen; Parsonage, 128 Allen. GENERAL INFOKMATIOX. 89 Bedford Street, 28 Morton; Parsonage, 37 Morton. Beekman Hill, 321 E. 50th ; Parsonage 323 E. 50th. Bethel Ship, foot of Carlisle. Central, 58 Seventh av. ; Parsonage, 60 Seventh av. Chapel, Broadway, cor. W. 68th. Eighteenth Street, 307 W. 18th; Parson- age, 305 W. 18th. First German, 252 Second; Parsonage, 256 Second. Forsyth Street, 10 Forsyth; Parsonage, 12 Forsyth. Forty-fourth Street, 461 W. 4J:th ; Parson- age, 463 W. 44th. Forty-third Street. 253 W. 43d; Parson- age, 249 W. 43d. Franklin Chapel, 186 Franklin; Parson- age, 184 Franklin. German, 346 W. 40th; Parsonage, 350 W. 40th. Hedding, 337 E. 17th; Parsonage, 335 E. 17th. Jane Street, 13 Jane; Parsonage, 11 Jane. John Street, 44 John; Parsonage, 257 Henry. Ladies' Five Points Home Mission, 61 Park. Lexington Avenue, cor. E. 52d; Parson- age, 142 E. 53d. Perry Street, 122 Perry; Parsonage, 128 Perry. Rose Hill, 221 E. 27th; Parsonage, 219 E. 27th. St. John's, 231 W. 53d; Parsonage, 228 W. 53d. St. Luke's, W. 41st, near Sixth av. ; Par- sonage, 143 W. 44th. St. Paul's, Fourth av. cor. E. 22d; Par- sonage. 289 Fourth av. Second Street, 276 2d; Parsonage, 280 2d. Seventh Street, 24 7th; Parsonage, 134 Second av. Sixty-first Street Chapel, E. 61st. near Third av. ; Parsonage, 343 E. 62d. Thirtieth Street, 331 W. 30th ; Parsonage. 327 W. 30th. Thirty-Seventh Street, 223 E. 37th; Par- sonage, next church. Trinity, 248 W. 34th : Parsonage, 263 W. 34th street. Twenty-fourth Street, 359 W. 24th; Par- sonage, next church. Washington Square, 137 "W. 4th ; Parson- age, 80 Macdougal street. Willett Street, 7 WiUett; Parsonage, 5 Willett street. Yorkville, 115 E. 86th; Parsonage, next church. AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL. African Union, 161 W. 15th street. Bethel, 214 Sullivan street. Emanuel, 87 Attorney; Parsonage, 91 Attorney street. First African Union, 136 W. 30th street. St. Mark's, 65 W. 35th; Parsonage, 318 W. 26th street. Union, Second av. near E. 84th street. Zion, 351 Bleecker ; Parsonage, 66 Grove. PRESBYTERIAN. Alexander Chapel, 7 King; H. A. Daven- port, Minister. Allen Street, 61 Allen; George O. Phelps, Minister. Brick, Fifth av., cor. W. 37th; J. O. Murray, Minister. Central, W. 56th near Broadway; J. D. Wilson, Minister. Church of the Covenant; Park av. cor. E. 35th; Marvin R. Vincent, Minister. Church of the Sea and Land, Market, cor. Henry; Edward Hopper, Minister. Fifth Avenue, cor. 55th and Fifth av. ; John Hall, Minister. First, Fifth av. cor. W. 11th; W. M. Paxton, Minister. First Union, 147 E. 86th; Edward P. Pay- son, Minister. Forty-Second Street. 233 W. 42d : W. W. Newell, jr., Minister. Fourth Avenue, 288 Fourth av. ; Howard Crosby, Minister. Fourteenth Street, cor. Second av. ; Rob- ert Slossi, Minister. Fourth, 124 W. 34th; John Thompson, Minister. French Evangelical, 9 University pi. ; H. L. Grandlienard, Minister. German, 290 Madison ; B. Krusi, Min. Madison Square, Madison av. cor. 24th; Mission. 445 Third av. ; C. H. Payson, Minister. German Mission, 206 E. Slst: M. A. Erd- mann, Minister. Memorial, Madison av. cor. E. 53d: C. S. Robinson. Minister. Murray Hill, 135 E. 40th; George S. Chambers. Minister. New York, 169 W. 11th; W. W. Page, Minister. 90 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK. North, Ninth av. cor. W. 31st; S. B. Eossiter, Minister. Phillips, Madison av. cor. E. 73d; Sam- uel D. Alexander, Minister. Rutgers, Madison av. cor. E. 29th; N. W. Conkliug, Minister. Scotch, 53 W. 14th; S. M. Hamilton, Minister. Seventh, Broome, cor. Ridge; G. B. Bell, Minister. Shiloh (colored), 140 Sixth av.; Henry Highland Garnett, Minister. Spring Street, 246 Spring; George M. McCampbell, Minister. Thirteenth Street, 145 W. 13th; S. D. Burchard, Minister. Twenty -third Street, 210 W. 23d ; Erskine N. White, Minister. University Place, cor. E. 10th ; R. R. Booth, Minister. Missions, Emanuel Chapel, 735 Sixth; Erastus Seymour, Minister. "West, 31 W. 42d; Thomas S. Hastings, Minister. Westminster, 151 W. 22d; George D. Mathews, Minister. EEFOEMED PEESBTTEEIAN. First, 123 W. 12th; WiUiam "Wylie, Mins. First, 426 W. 28th; J. C. K. Milligan, Minister. Fourth, 365 W. 48th; James Kennedy, Minister. Second. W, 39th, near Seventh av. ; An- drew Stevenson, Minister. Third, 238 W. 23d; David Gregg, Mins. tTNITED PEESBTTEEIAN. Eleventh Street, 206 E. 11th street. First, 233 E. 116th; J. S. McCulloch, Minister, Third, 41 Charles ; Hugh H. Blair, Mins. West Twenty-fifth Street, 161 W. 25th; John Kirkpatrick, Minister. West Forty-fourth Street, 434 W, 44th; G, Campbell, Minister. PEOTESTANT EPISCOPAL, Right Rev, Horatio Potter, Bishop, house 38 E. 22d street. All Saints, 286 Henry; Wm. N. Bunnell, Rector. Annunciation, 142 W. 14th; William J. Seabury, Rector. Ascension, Filth av. cor, W. 10th; John Cotton Smith, Rector. Atonement, Madison av. cor, E. 28th; C. C. TiHany, Rector. Calvary, Fourth av. cor. E. 21st; E. A, Washburn, Rector. Chapel of St. Augustine, 262 Bowery; Arthur C. Kimber, Clergyman, Chapel of the Shepherd's Flock, 330 W. 43d; J. F. Steen, Minister. Christ, Fifth av. cor. E. 35th; H. M. Thompson, Rector. Church of the Holy Saviour, E. 25th, near Madison av. ; A. B. Carter, Rector. Church of the Holy Sepulchre, E. 74th, near Fourth av.; J. Tuttle Smith, Rector. Church of Santiago, 30 W. 22d; Joaquin de Palma, Rector. Church of the Resurrection, E. 85th, near Third av. ; Edward O. Flagg, Rector. Du St. Esprit, 30 W. 22d; Leon Pons, Rector. Eglise rrotestante Francaise, Fourth av. cor. E. 21st; E. Boral, Minister. Grace, 800 Broadway ; Henry C. Potter, Rector. Grace Chapel, E. 23d, near Third av. ; J. W. Kramer, Minister. Heavenly Rest. 551 Fifth av. ; R. S. How- land, Rector. Holy Communion, Sixth av. cor, W. 20th; F. E. Lawrence, Rector. Holy Trinity, Madison av. cor. E. 42d; S. H. Tyng, jr.. Rector. Incarnation, Madison av. cor. E. 35th; J. Pierce, Rector. Memorial Church of the Rev. H. Anthon, 139 yr. 48th; R. Heber Newton, Rector. Moravian Mission. 636 Sixth ; Theodore Sondermann, Minister, Nativity, 80 Av. C; Caleb Clapp, Rector. Our Lord, 352 W. 35th; N. E. CornwaU, Rector. Our Saviour, foot Pike; R. J. Walker, Minister. Reconciliation. 242 E. 31st; E. S. Widde- mer. Rector. Redemption, 52 E. 23d; U. Scott, Rector. Reformation, 228 E. 50th; U. Tracy, Rect. St. Alban's. E. 47th. near Lexington av; C. W. Morrill, Rector. St. Ambrose, 117 Thompson. St. Ann's, 7 W. 18th ; Thomas Gallau- det. Rector. St. Barnabas' Chapel, 306 Mulberry; Ste- phen Holmes, Minister. St. Bartholomew's, 348 Madieon av. ; S, Cooke, Rector. GENERAL INFORMATION. 91 St. Chrysostom's Chapel, W. 39th. cor. Seventh av. ; Thomas H. Sill, G. C. Houghtou, Clergymen in charge. St. Clement's, 108 Amity; T, A. Eaton, Rector. St. George's, Rutherford pi., cor. E. 16th; Stephen H. Tyng, Rector. Mission Chapel, 408 E. 19th; Morris Tyng, Minister. St. George's German Chapel, 420 E. 14th; I. C. Fleischacker, Minister. St. John Baptist, 2G1 Lexington av. ; C, R. Duffie, Rector. St. John Evangelist. 222 W. 11th ; W. T. Egbert. Rector. St. John's. 46 Varick; S. H. Weston, "SVilliam H. Cook, and A. Wiswall, St. John's Chapel, Ministers. St. Luke's, 483 Hudson; Isaac H. Tuttle, Rector, Arthur Warner, Assistant. St. Mark's, Stuyvesant near Second av. ; J. H. Rylance, Rector. St. Mary the Virgin. 228 W. 45th ; T. Mc- Kee Brown, Rector. St. Paul's, Broadway, cor. Yesey ; B. I. Haight, Minister. St. Peter's, 342 W. 20th; Alfred B. Beach, Rector. St. Stephen's, 55 W. 46th; J. H. Price, Rector. St. Thomas', Fifth av. cor. W. 53d; W. F. Morgan, Rector. St. Timotky's, W. 57th, near Eighth av. ; G. J. Geer, Rector. Transfiguration, E. 29th, near Fifth av. ; G. H. Houghton, Rector. Trinity, Broadway, cor. Rector; and St. Paul's, St. John's, and Trinity Chap- els; Morgan Dix, Rector, F. Ogilby and H. B. Hitchings, Assistant Minis- ters. Trinity Chapel, 15 W. 25th ; C. E. Swope, Minister. Zion. Madison av. cor. E. 38th; J. N. Galleher, Rector. REFORMED PROTESTANT EPISCOPAIi, First, Madison av. cor, E. 47th; W. T. Sabine, Rector. REFORMED DUTCH. Collegiate. Lafayette pi. cor. E. 4th; T. W. Chambers, Minister. Fifth Avenue, cor. W. 29th ; William Or- miston, Minister. Fifth Avenue, cor. W. 48th ; T. E. Ver- milye and James M. Ludlow, Min. Fourth German Mission, 244 W. 40th ; J. H. Oerter, Minister. Holland, Fifth av. cor. W. 29th ; A. H. M. Bechtold, Minister. Madison Avenue, cor. E. 57th; H. D. Ganse, Minister. South, Fifth av, cor. W. 21st; E. P. Rogers, Minister. Thirty-fourth Street, 307 W. 34th; Isaac Riley, Minister. Union, 25 Sixth av. ; W. B. Merritt, Min. Washington Square, Washington sq. E., cor. Washington pi. ; Maucius S. Hut- ton, Minister. ROMAN CATHOLIC. His Eminence Cardinal Archbishop McClos- key, house 218 Madison av. Assumption, 427 W. 49th; Benedict Stroehle, Pastor. Epiphany, 373 Second av.; R. L. Burt- sell, Pastor. Holy Cross. 335 W. 42d; Patrick Mc- Carthy, Pastor. Holy Innocents, 126 W. 37th; JohnLarkin, Pastor. Immaculate Conception, 505 E. 14th; John Edwards, Pastor. Nativity, 46 Second av.; Wm. Everett, Pastor. St. Alphonsus, S, Fifth av. near Canal; Eugene Grimm, Pastor. St. Andrew's, Duane cor. City Hall pi. ; Michael Curran, Pastor. St. Ann's, 112 E. 12th; T. S. Preston, Pastor. St. Anthony, 149 Sullivan; James Titta, Pastor. St. Bernard's, W. 13th, near Tenth av. ; Gabriel A. Healy, Pastor. St. Bridget's, Av. B. cor. Eighth; Thomas J. Mooney, Pastor. St. Columba's, 339 W. 25th; M. McAleer, Pastor. St. Francis, 139 W. 31st; Eugene Diko- vich. St. Francis Xavier, 36 W. 16th; D. Mer- rick, Pastor. St. Gabriel's, 312 E. 37th; W. H. Clowry, Pastor. St. James, 32 James ; F. H. Farrelly, Pastor. St. Joseph's. Sixth av. cor. W. Washing- ton pi. ; Thomas FarreU, Pastor. St. Mary's. 438 Grand; Edward J. O'Riley, Pastor. 92 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YOEK. St. Michael's, 407 W. 31st; Arthur J. Donnelly, Pastor. St. Patrick's Cathedral, Mott, cor. Prince; His Eminence the Cardinal Arch- bishop McCloskey, Very Rev. Wm. Quinn, Vicar General, J. Kearney, M. Horgan, John Kean and John B. Salter, Pastors. St. Paul's, W. 59th, near Ninth av.; I. T. Hecker, Pastor. St. Peter's, Barclay, cor. Church; M. J. O'Farrell, Pastor. St. Stephen's, 149 E. 28th; E. McGlynn, Pastor. St. Teresa, Rutgers, cor. Henry ; James Boyce, Pastor. St. Vincent Ferrer, Lexington av. cor. E. 66th ; M. D. Lilly, Pastor. St. Vincent de Paul, 127 W. 23d; Edmond Aubril, Pastor. Transfiguration, Mott, cor. Park; J. H. McGean, Pastor. UNITARIAN. All Souls, Fourth av. cor. E. 20th; H. W. Bellows, Minister. Messiah, E. 34th, cor. Park av. ; William R. Alger, Minister. Third, W. 23d, cor. Sixth av. (IVIasonic Temple), O. B. Frothingham, Min. Unity Chapel, 72 E. 128th; W. T. Clark, Minister . UNTVERSAUST. Fifth, Stuyvesant, cor. E. 9th; I. M. At- wood. Minister. Fourth, Fifth av. cor. W. 45th; E. H. Chapin, Minister. Second, E. 127th, near Fourth av. ; C. Fluhrer, Minister. Sixth, W. 57th, near Eighth av. ; James M. Pullman, Minister. Third, 214 Bleecker; E. C. Sweetser, Minister. MISCELLANEOTIS. Camp Chapel, 116 Elizabeth; A. E. Aus- tin, Supt. Catholic Apostolic, 128 W. 16th; D. M. Fackler, Angel in charge. Chinese Temple, 12 Baxter; Tien Show, Priest. Christian Israelites, r. 108 First; Fred. Thomas, Minister. Church of the Disciples of Christ, 26 W. 2Sth; D. R. Vanbuskirk. Minister. Church of the Strangers. Mercer, near Waverley pi.; Charles F. Deems, Min. Dewitt Chapel, 135 Greenwich; George Hatt, Minister. Evangelical, r. 138 W. 24th; M. Guhl, Minister. German Evangelical Reformed, 97 Suffolk; J. F. Busche, Minister. Greek Chapel, Nicholas Bjerring, Priest. Lebanon Chapel, 70 Columbia; J. H. Bradley, Minister. Mariners', Madison, cor. Catharine; E. D. Murphy, Minister. Olivet Chapel 63 Second; A. F. Schauflf- ler and F. F. Hagen, Ministers. Pisgah Chapel, 185 Spring; William B. Jones, Minister. Seventh Day Baptist, Second av. cor. E. nth street. Swedenborgian First New Church Society, 114 E. 35th ; Chauncey Giles, Minister. True Dutch Reformed, Perry, cor. W. 4th; Abram Vanhouten, Minister. United Brethren (Moravian), Lexington av. cor. E. 30th. Welsh Methodist Calvanistic, 225 E. 13th. Wilson Mission, 125 St. Mark's pi. TELEGRAPH COMPANIES. Am. District Telegraph Co., 62 Broadway. Atlantic and Pacific, 198 Broadway and 11 Broad. Automatic Signal (Fire), 208 Broadway. Central, 30 Cortlandt. Erie Railway, 187 West and 193 Broad- way, to all places on the line of the road and its branches. Gold and Stock, 61 Broadway. International Ocean, 193 Broadway. Manhattan, 122 Front. Merchants' Exchange, Maritime and Sandy Hook, 66 Beaver. Southern and Atlantic Telegraph Co., 61 New. Western Union, 193 Broadway. ART GALLERIES. Academy of Design, cor. Fourth av. and 23d street. Goupil's, cor. 22d street and Filth av. Free. Snedeckor's, Broadway, near 10th street. Free. Schaus\ 749 Broadway. Free, Somerville's, cor. 14th street and Filth av. Free. GENERAL INFORilATION. 93 RAILROAD DEPOTS. Baltimore and Ohio.— For Pliiladelpliia, Baltimore, Washington ; the West, Southwest and Northwest. Cortlandt and Desbrosses Streets Ferries to Jersey City. Brooklyn, Bath, and Coney Island. — Horse cars from Fulton and South Ferries to Greenwood, thence by Steam cars to Bath, Union^^lle and Coney Island. Central of New Jersey.— Bergen Point, Elizabeth, Easton, Allen- town, Wilkesbarre, and the West. Ferry foot Liberty Street. Neio York and PMladelpMa. — New Lixe. 'Foot Liberty Street. New York and Long Branch JDivis. Foot Liberty Street. Delaware, Lackawanna and Western. — For Scranton, Bingham- ton, and Oswego. Foot of Barclay and Christopher Streets to Hoboken. Erie Railway. — For Paterson, Binghamton, Elmira, Corning, Rochester, Hornellsville, Dunkirk, Buffalo, Niagara Falls ; to the West, Northwest, and Southwest. Chambers and Twenty- third Streets Ferries to Pavonia x\ venue, Jersey City. Hudson River — to Yonkers, Peekskill, West Point, Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, Hudson, to Albany — from Grand Central Depot, Forty-second Street. Hudson River. — Local Trains to Sing Sing and intermediate sta- tions, from Depot, West Thirtieth Street, corner Tenth Avenue. Long Island — to Jamaica, Mineola, Syosset, Port Jefferson, and Greenport — from James Slip to Hunter's Point. 94 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK. Long Island, Flushing, and North Side — to Flushing, Hempstead, and Babylon, by boat to Fire Island — from James Slip to Hun- ter's Point, Morris and Essex — to Newark, Dover, Washington, and Easton — foot of Barclay and Christopher Streets to Hoboken. New Haven and Hartford — to New Rochelle, Stamford, Norwalk, Bridgeport, New Haven, and Hartford — from Forty-second Street Depot. New Jersey and New York — to Hackensack, Spring Valley, and Haverstraw — from Chambers and Twenty-third Streets Ferries to Pavonia Avenue, Jersey City. New Jersey Southern, by steamer to Sandy Hook, cars to Long Branch, foot of Rector Street (Pier No. 8). New Jersey Midland, to Hackensack, Paterson, Bloomiugdale, Franklin, and Middletown. Cortlandt and Desbrosses Streets Ferries to Jersey City. New York Central, via Hudson River R. R., to Albany and inter- mediate places, to Utica, Syracuse, Rochester, Niagara Falls, for the West, Northwest, and Southwest. Grand Central Depot, Forty-second Street. New York and Boston, via Springfield and Worcester. Grand Central Depot. New York and Boston, via Nevv^ London, Stonington, and Provi- dence, from Grand Central Depot. New York and Harlem — to Williamsbridge, White Plains, Lake Mahopac, Dover, Boston Corners, Chatham, Lebanon, to Albany — from Grand Central Depot, Forty-second Street. Pennsylvania — Neic Jersey Dinsion — to Newark, Elizabeth, Rah- way, New Brunswick. Princeton, Trenton, to Philadelphia, and connects with Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore R. R., for Baltimore and Washington. Cortlandt and Desbrosses Streets Ferries to Jersey City. Philadelphia.— iVe«) York and PMladelpliia.—^-E^ Lrs^E for New York, 'cia North Penn. R. R., Bound Brook and Central R. R. of New Jersey. Leaving foot of Liberty Street. Prospect Park and Coney Island. Depot, Ninth Avenue and Twentieth Street, Brooklyn. Take the Vanderbilt Avenue cars at Fulton or Catharine Ferries, to Ninth Avenue and Twentieth Street. Southern R. R. of Long Island — to Jamaica, Rockaway, Babylon, Islip, and Patchogue — by boat to Fire Island. Ferries to Wil- liamsburg. Staten Island — by steamers from Whitehall Street (Pier No. 1, E. R.) to Vanderbilt Landing, via Railroad to Tottenville and intermediate stations. GENERAL IXFOKMATION. 95 RIVER STEAMBOATS FROM NEW YORK, With JVames, Piers, and Hours of Sailing. On the North River. Albany. — Day Boats, Daniel Drew and C. Vibbard, daily, 8:35 a.m. Pier 39. Citizens' Xine— Thomas Powell, dai- ly, 6 p.m., except Saturdays. Pier 49. People's Li?2e— Drew, St. John, and Dean Richmond, daily, 6 p.m. Pier 41. J. B. Schuyler, 6 p.m. Pier 35. Athens.— Andrew Harder and Walter Brett, daily, 6 p.m. Pier 42. Barrytown. — Ansonia, 5 p.m. Pier 35. Bergen Point. — Thomas P. Way, Sun- days only, 1U:3U a.m. Pier 26. Chancellor, daily, 11 a.m. and 5 p.m. Pier 14. Boston.— i^aW River Line— yia Newport and Fall River — Steamers Newport and Old Colony to Fall River, then by rail to Boston, daily, 5 p.m. Pier 28. Providence and Stonington Line — via Providence— Steamers Rhode Island, Narragansett. and Stonington, daily, 5 p.m. Pier 33. Neptune Line— via. Providence- Steamers Electra and Galatea, daily, 5 p.m. Pier 27. Norwich and Worcester Line — via New London— Steamers City of New York and City of Boston, daily, 5 p.m. Pier 40. Brown's Dock. — Sea Bird. For time of leaving see Red Bank. Pier 35. Castleton.— Wal Brett, 6 p.m. Pier 42. Catskill.— J. B. Schuyler and Andrew Harder, daily, 6 p.m. Pier 35. New Champion and Walter Brett, daily, 6 p.m. Pier 42. Chelsea.— Propeller Eureka, daily, 2:30 p.m. Pier 22. Cold Spring.— N. Champion and W. Brett, daily, 6 pm. Pier 42. Cornwall —J. W. Baldwin and T. Cor- nell, daily. 4 p.m. Pier 34. Andrew Harder, 6 p.m. Pier 35. Cossackie.— Thos. McManus and Red- lield, daily, 6 p.m. Pier 49. Cozzens.— J. W. Baldwin, daily, 4 p.m. Pier 34. New Champion, 6 p.m. Pier 42. David's Island.— Henry Smith, Tues- dav and Friday, 9a.m. Stops at Barge Of&ce, Battery. Pier 58. Elizabethport. — Chancellor, daily, 11 a.m., 5 p.m. Pier 14. Elm Faik.— People's Ferry Co.— Daily. Pier 19. Englewood. — Adelphi, daily, 3:30 p.m. (Stops at 24th st.) Pier 34. Esopus.— J. W. Baldwin and T. Cornell, daily, 4 p.m. Pier 35. Fairhaven. — Sea Bird. For time of leav- ing see Red Bank. Pier 35. Fall River. — Fall River Line — Bristol (with music) and Providence, daily, 5 p.m. Pier 28. Fishkill Landing.— Ship by H. Rams- dell's Line to Newburg. Pier 35. Fort Lee. -Flora, daily, from 125th st., Mauhattanville, Sunday, hourly from 8:25 a.m. to 5:15 p.m. Pleasant Valley (stops at 24th St.). daily. Pier 42. Fort Schuyler.-Henry Smith. Pier 58. G-ermantown. — New Champion and Walter Brett, daily, 6. p.m. Pier 42. Andrew Harder. Tuesday. Thurs- day, Saturday, 6 p.m. Pier 35. Governor's Island — Propeller Govern- or's Island. Battery at 7:30, then hourly from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. Grassy Point. — Chrystenah, daily, 3:15 p.m. Stops 24th st. Pier 34. Hastings. — Adelphi, daily, 3:30 p.m. Stops 24th St. at 3:40 p.m. Pier 34. Haverstraw. — Adelphi, daily, 3:30 p.m. Stops 24th St. Pier 34. Chrystenah, daily, 3:15 p.m. Stops 24th St. Pier 34. Highlands, N. J.— Sea Bird. For time 01 leaving see Red Bank. Highlands,N. Y.— D. S. Miller and Has- brouck, daily, 5 p.m. Pier 35. Thomas Cornell,Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. 4 p.m. Pier 34. Hudson. — T. McManus and Redfield, daily, G p.m. Pier 49. Hyde Park.— Walter Brett, Tuesday, Thursday, and Sa'day, 6 p.m. Pier 42. Keyport.— Holmdel. Pier 26^. Matteawan, daily, 3 p.m. Pier 26. Kingston.— J. W. Baldwin and T. Cor- nell, 4 p.m. Pier 34. Locust Point.— Sea Bird. For time of leaving see Red Bank. Pier 35. Long Branch.— Steamers from Pier S. Maldon.— And. Harder, 6 p.m. Pier 35. Champion and Brett, daily, 6 p.m. Pier 42. 96 HISTORY OF AND IIOAV TO SEE NEW YORK. Mariner's Harbor.— Chancellor, daily, 11 a.m., 5 p.m. Pier 14. Marlborough.— D. S. Miller and J, L. Hasbrouck, daily, 5 p.m. Pier 35. J. W. Baldwin and T, Cornell, daily, 4 p.m. Pier 34. Matteawan.— W. J. Matteawan, daily, 3 p.m. Pier 26. Milton. — J. W. Baldwin and Cornell, daily, 4 p.m. Pier 34. New Bedford. — Stonington iine— Sto- niugtou and Rhode Island, daily, 5 p.m. Pier 33. New Brighton. — People's Ferry Co. — Daily. Do not land on Sundays. Newburg. — H. Ramsdell d: Co's. Line— Susquehanna and C. Spear, daily, 4 p.m. Pier 35. J. W. Baldwin and T. Cornell, daily, 4 p.m. Pier 34. New Hamburg.— D. S. Miller and J. L. Hasbrouck, daily, 5 p.m. Pier 35. New London. — Vermont C. R. R. Line — Pier 36. New Baltimore. —Wal. Brett. Tuesday, Thursday, and Satur., 6 p.m. Pier 42. Newport, R. I.— Fall River Line— (-with music). Bristol and Providence, daily, 5 p.m. Pier 28. Nyack.— Chrystenah, daily, 3:15 p.m. Stops at 24th st. Pier.34. Oceanic, N. J. — Sea Bird. For time of leaving see Red Bank. Pier 35. Peekskill. — Chrystenah, daily, 3:15 p.m. Stops at 24th st. at 3:20 p.m. Pier 34. Perth Amboy.— Propeller Eureka, dai- ly, 2:3U p.m. Pier 22. Pleasant Valley. — Pleasant YaUey. Stops at 24th st., daily 10a.m., 2 and 5 p.m. Sundays 9, 10, 11 a.m.; 1, 2, 3 p.m. Pier 42. Pleasant Valley.- Flora. Daily from 125th St., Manhattanville. Sunday, hourly from 8:25 a.m. to 8 p.m. Port Monmouth.— lA^. J. Southern R.R. Line—Viev 8. Port Richmond. — People's Ferry Co. — Daily. Pier 19. Poughkeepsie. — J. W. Baldwin, 4 p.m. Pier 34. D. S. Miller and J. L. Hasbrouck, daily, 5 p.m. Pier 35. Port Washington.— Propeller J. W. Harding. Wednesday and Saturday, 12 m. Pier 34. Port Washington, N. J.— Sea Bird. See Red Bank. Pier 35. Providence, R. I. — Stonington Line — Stuuiugtoa, Narragausett, and Rhode Island, daily, 5 p.m. Pier 33. Electra and Galatea, 5 p.m. Pier 27. Red Bank, N. J.— Sea Bird. According to tide. Pier 35. Rhinebeck. — Andrew Harder, Tuesday, Thurs., and Satur., 6 p.m. Pier 35. Champion and Brett, daily, 6 p.m. Pier 42. Rockland Lake. — Chrystenah, daily, 3 :15 p.m. Stops at 24th st. Pier 34. Rondout.— Same as Kingston. Rossville. — Propeller Eureka, daily, 2:30 p.m. Pier 22. Propeller J. W. Harding, Wednesday and Saturday, 12 m. Pier 35. Sailors' Snug Harbor. — People's Ferry Co.— Daily, except Sunday. Pier 19. Sandy Hook, N. J.— Pier 8. See N. J. Southern li. R. time table. Saugerties.— Ansonia, Tuesday, Thurs- day, and Saturday, 5 p.m. Pier 35. Shrewsbury, N. J.— See N. J. South- ern R. R. time table. Pier 8. . Sing Sing. — Adelphi, daily, 3:30 p.m. Stops at 24th st. Pier 34. Smith's Dock. — Champion and Brett, daily, 6 p.m. Pier 42. Andrew Harder, Tuesday, Thurs- day, and Saturday, 6 p.m. Pier 35. South Amboy. — Eureka, daily, 2:30 p.m. Pier 22. Stapleton.— D. R. Martin, daily. Pier 8. Star Landing. — Propeller Eureka, dai- ly, 2:30. Pier 22. Propeller J. W. Harding, Wednes- day and Saturday, 12 m. Pier 13. Stonington, Conn. — Stonington Line— Stonington. Narragansett, and Rhode Island, daily, 5 p.m. Pier 33. Staatsburg. — Andrew Harder, Tues- day. Thursdaj', and Saturday, 6 p.m. Pier 35. Stuyvesant Walter Brett, Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, 6 p.m. Pier 42. Andrew Harder, Tuesday, Thurs- day, and Saturday, 6 p.m. Pier 35. Tarrytown. — Chrystenah, daily, 3:15 p.m. Stops 24th st. Pier 34. Tivoli. — Ansonia, Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, 5 p.m. Pier 35. Champion and Brett, daily, 6 p.m. Pier 42. Tompkins Cove. — Chrystenah. Tues- day, Thursday, and Saturday, 3:15 p.m. Stops at 24th st. Pier 24. GEXEKAL IXFORMATIOX. Tottenville.— Propeller Eureka, daily, 2:3up.m. Pier 22. TToy.—Citizeii's Line— Fovrell, Tuesday, Thursday, Sunday, 6 p.m. Pier 49. J. B. Schuyler, Monday, Wednes- day, Friday, 6 i).m. Pier 35. West Brighton People's Ferry Co. — Daily. Pier 19. West Park — J. W. Baldwin, Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 4 p.m. Pier 3i. West Point.- -New Champion, Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 6 p.m. Pier -12. White Mountains.— .S'^OKinr/^o?! Line— Stonington and Rhode Island, daily, 5 p.m. Pier 33. Willett's Point.— Henry Smith, Tues- day & Friday, 9 a.m. Stops at Barge Office, Battery. Pier 58. Wood's Dock.— Propeller J.W.Harding, Wednesday & Saturday, 12 m. Pier 35. Yonkers. — Chrystenah and Adelphi, daily. Stops at 24th st. Pier 34. On the East River. Astoria — Harlem Boats. Stopping at 11th St., daily. Pier 24. HarJfin and Morrisa.nia Steamboat Co.— Daily. Pier 22. Bayle's Dock.— Sea wanhaka, daily, 4 p.m. Pier 24. Bridgeport, Conn.— Bridgeport, daily. 11:30 a.m. Pier 35. Clifton, S. 1.—State7i Island R.R. Ferry. — Daily. Pier 1. Essex, Conn.— City of Hartford and S'ate of New York, daily, 4 p.m. Pier 24. Glen Cove, L. I.— Seawanhaka. Stops at 33d St., daily, 4 p.m. Pier 24. Glen Wood.— Seawanhaka. Stops at 33d St., daily, 4 p.m. Pier 24. Great Neck, L. I.— Seawanhaka. Stops at 33d St., daily, 4 p.m. Pier 24. Greenport. — W. W. Coit, Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, 5 p.m. Pier 16. Harlem.—Z>j>ec^— ^Harlem Boats Ex- press, daily. Pier 24. Harlpjn and Morrisania Steamboat Co.— Daily. Pier 22. Hartford, Conn.— City of Hartford and State of New York, daily, 4 p.m. Pier 24. High Bridge.— Leave hourly from Har- lem Bridge during Summer. Lynn, Conn. — City of Hartford and State of New York, dailv, 4 p.m. Pier 24. Martha's Vineyard.— JY. B. and X. V. S. S. Co.— Daily, 5 p.m. Pier 39. Portland Steamers, Monday and Thursday, 4 p.m. Pier 38. Middle Haddam.— City of Hartford and State of New York, daily, 4 p.m. Pier 24. Middletown, Conn.— City of Hartford State of New Y'ork, and Granite State, daily, 4 p.m. Pier 24. Morrisania, N. Y. — See Harlem Boats. Nantucket.— .V. B. <£ N. T. S. S. Co.— Daily, 5 p.m. Pier 39. New Bedford.- .V. B. <£ X. T. S. S. Co. I —Daily, 5 p.m. Pier 39. New Brighton. North Shore Xorth i Shore Fernj Co.— Daily. Pier 1. : New Haven, Conn. — C. H. Northam, I Continental and Elm City. Stops at i 23d St., daily, 3 p.m. Pier 25. New Jjondon.— Vermont C. R. R. Line. — j Daily, 5 p.m. Pier 3G. New Suffolk.— W. W. Coit, daily. Pier 16. Norwich.— Propeller Delaware, Friday, 12 m. Pier 39. Orient.— W. W. Coit. Tuesday and Fri- day. 4 p.m. Pier 16. . , Portland, yie.- Maine S.S.Co.—lslondi&Y i and Thursday. 4 p.m. Pier 38. ' Port Richmond, S. 1.— Xorth Shore Ferry Co. —Daily. Pier 1. Rockaway. — Neversink and Americus. j Excursion boats. Pier 37. Roslyn. — Seawanhaka, daily, 4 p.m. I Pier 24. 1 Sands Point.— Seawanhaka, daily. 4 p.m. Pier 24. Sailors' Snug Harbor. — Xorth Shore Ferry Co.— Daily. Pier 1. j Sag Harbor.— W. W. Coit, Tuesday and Friday, 4 p.m. Pier 16. Saybrook. Conn.— City of Hartford and .State of N. Y., daily, 4 p.m. Pier 24. Shelter Island.— W. W. Coit, Tuesday aud Friday. 4 p.m. Pier 16. Sea Cliff.— Seawanhaka, Stops 33d st.. daily, 4 p.m. Pier 24. South Norwalk.- Nelly White, daily, 8 p.m. Pier 37. t Tompkinsville. — Staten Island R. R. I Ferry.— Daily (hourly). Pier 1. ! Vanderbilt. S. I.—Sfafen Island R. R. ] Ferry. — Daily (hourly). Pier 1. West Brighton. — Xorth Sliore Ferry Co. ' —Daily (hourly). Pier 1. 98 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK. WASHINGTON MARKET, SATURDAY AFTERNOON. PUBLIC MARKETS. Thp principal Markets of New York— the "Washington and Fulton— originally built many years ago, have had addi- tions constructed to them from time to time, as the wants of the public have increased, until they now present a picturesque view of incongruously at- tached buildings. Nothing in the way of architectural symmetry or appear- ance has been thought of in their construction. The great amount of business which is daily and nightly transacted in the Washington Market particularly, absolutely leaves no time for improvement or ornamentation. But if their exteriors fail to please, their interiors will afford a panoramic exhibition of the greatest interest. The Markets of New York will favorably compare in quantity and variety of pro- duce with any Market in the world. The City Public Markets are : Catharine Market is on the East River at the loot of Catharine street. Centre Market is bounded by Grand, Broome, Centre, and Baxter streets. Clinton Market is on North River, foot of Canal and Spring streets. Essex Market is on Grand and Ludlow streets. Franklin Market is on East River at Old Slip. Fulton Market is bounded by South, Ful- ton, and Beekman streets. Gouvernenr Market is on East River, cor. of Water and Gouverneur streets. JeflFerson Market is at the junction of Sixth and Greenwich avs. Tompkins Market is on Third av.. East side, extending from Sixth to Seventh streets. Union Market is at the junction of Sec- ond and Houston streets. Washington Market, where a vast deal more produce is sold than anywhere else in the city, is on North Iliver. at the foot of Vesey and Fulton streets. USE OF CARRIAGES. Strangers employing coaches will consult their own interests and conve- nience by making a bargain with the driver before enterin for advice or redress. RATES OF FARES. 1. For conveying a passenger any dis- tance not exceeding one mile, $1. 00 ; for two passengers the same distance, $1. 50; and for every additional passen- ger, 50 cts. 2. For any distance exceeding a mile. GENERAL IXFOEMATIOX. 99 and within two miles, 75 cts. ; for every additional passenger, 37^ cts. 3. For the vise of a carriage by the hour, with one or more passengers, with the pri-vilege of going from place to place, and stopping as often as may be required, $1 an hour. 4. In all cases where the hiring of a hackney coach or carriage is not at the time thereof specified to be by the day or hour, it shall be deemed to be by the mile. 5. For children between 2 and 14 years of age, half price ; and for chil- dren under 2 years, no charge is to be made. 6. Whenever a hackney coach or car- riage shall be detained, excepting as aforesaid, the owner or driver shall be allowed after the rate of 75 cts. an hour. In case of disagreement as to distance or price, the same shall be determined by the First Marshal. Every licensed o^^-ner or driver of any hackney coach, carriage, or cab, when with his coach, carriage, or cab on any public stand, or at any of the steam- boat landings, or railroad depots, shall wear conspicuously on his left breast a badge in the form of a shield, of a size sufficient to admit the number of the coach to be engraved thereon in plain black figures, with the word " Li- censed "' above and the word " Hack " beneath such number, in semi-circular form. Every driver of any carriage or cab shall present to every passenger em- ploying him a card, on which shaU be legibly printed the number of his license, and also the name and stable of the owner, and the number of the car- riage or cab driven by him, together with the place of the Mayor's ofl&ce. PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. Academy of Music, 14th street and Ir%-ing Place. Reached by Third and Fourth av. cars to 14th street ; 42d street cross-town cars pass the door. Booth's Theatre, cor. 23d street and Sixth av. Broadway and 23d street stages and Sixth av. cars pass the door. Broadway cars pass within one square to the East, and the Sev- enth av. cars M-ithin one square to the West. Bowery Theatre. Bowery, near Canal street. Third and Second av. cars pass the door. A branch of the Bleecker street line {yellow cars) also pass it. Chickering Hall, Fifth av. and 18th street. University Place cars pass within one block of the HaU. Colosseum, cor. of Broadway and 351h street. Sixth av. and Broadway cars pass the door. Eagle Theatre, Sixth av. bet. 32d and 33d streets. Broadway and Sixth av. cars pass the door. Fifth Avenue Theatre, 28th street, near Broadway. Beached by Broadway and University Place cars, and 42d street and Grand street ferry cars, and Broadway omnibuses pass the corner. Germania Theatre. 14th street (Tammany HaU). Beached by Third and Fourth av. cars to 14th street, and 42d street cars pass the door. Globe Theatre, Broadway, bet. Fourth street and Astor Place. All the Broadway omnibuses pass the door. Grand Opera House, cor. 23d street and Eighth av. Broadway and 23d street omnibuses, and Eighth av. cars pass the door. Lyceum Theatre (formerly the French Opera House), 14th street. West of Sixth av. The situation is three squares West of Broadway; Sixth av. cars pass the corner. Metropolitan Theatre, 585 Broadway. All the Broadway omnibuses pass the door. Niblo's Theatre, Broadway, bet. Prince and Houston streets, in rear of Met- ropolitan Hotel. All the Broadway omnibuses pass the door. Olympic Theatre, Broadway, bet. Hous- ton and Bleecker streets. Broadway omnibuses pass the door, and the Bleecker street cars pass the corner above. Park Theatre, Broadway, bet. 21st and 22d streets. Broadway and 42d street cars pass near the house. Robinson Hall, 16th street, near Broad way. Broadway cars and omnibuses pass the corner. San Francisco Minstrels, Broadway, cor. 29th street. Reached by Broadway cars and stages. Steinway Hall, 14th street, near Fourth av. Third and Fourth av. cars pass the corners, 42d street cars pass the door. 100 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE >EW YOKK. Stadt Theatre {German), Bowery, bet. Bayard and Caual streets. Third and Second avs., and the yellow Bleecker street cars pass the door. Tivoli Theatre, Eighth street, bet. Sec- ond and Third avs. Reached by Sec- ond and Third av, cars. Third Avenue Theatre, bet. 30th and 31st streets. Third av. cars pass the door. Theatre Comique, 514 Broadwav, opposite St. Nicholas Hotel. A.11 the Broadway stages pass the door. Twenty-third Street Theatre, formerly Bryant's Opera House, 23d street and Sixth av. Sixth av. and 23d street cars, and Broadway and 23d street omnibuses. Union Square Theatre, cor. Broadway and 14th street. Reached by the Broad- way omnibuses; the Fourth av. and 42d street line of cars pass near the door. Wallack's Theatre, Broadway, cor. 13th street, one square below Union Park. All Broadway omnibuses pass the door ; Fourth av. cars are at the rear ; Broadway cars one short square to the West. Wood's Museum, Broadway, near 30th street. Broadway and 42d street cars pass the door. It is situated a short square east of Sixth av. PRINCIPAL HOTELS. The Hotels of New York have long en- joyed the reputation of being the best in the world. They are numerous and well distributed throughout the city. They are spacious, some of themhavins; a capacity to accommodate 1,000 guests — and sumptuously furnished and sup- plied with every convenience which can in any way contribute to the comfort of the guest. Many of the Hotels have adopted the European plan of charging separately for rooms and meals; others adhere to the American cus1>om of in- cluding both items. ON THE AMERICAN PLAN. Belvidere Irving Place & 15th St. Branting Madison. Av. & 58th St. Broadway Broadwav & 42d St. Bull's Head 322 Third Ave. Clarendon 64 Union Square. Clinton Place 755 Broadway. Espanola 21 East 4th St. Farmers' 10 Broadway. Fulton 202 Third Ave. Glenham 3d Ave & 24th St. Grand Union 4th Ave & 4l8t St: Groot's 490 Canal St. Grosvenor 37 Fifth Ave. Hudson Exchange.... 10th Ave. & 30th St. Irving Place 1 Irving Place. Lenox 72 Filth Ave. Madison Avenue 63 Madison Ave. Marlborough Sixth Ave. & 38th St. Merchants' 39 Cortlandt St. Mill's 375 Fourth Ave. New England 30 Bowery. New York 721 Broadway. Old Libby 386 Fourth Ave. Pacific 174 Greenwich St. Spingler 5 Union Square. Strasbourg 229 Tenth Ave. Sturtevant 1186 Broadway. Tyler Broadway & 12th St. Van Dyke 28 Bowery. Washington 1 Broadway. Windsor Fifth Ave. & 46th St. OK THE EUROPEAN PLAN. Albemarle Broadway & 24th St. Alborne 256 Fulton St. Anson 79 Spring St Anthony 834 Broadway. Arlington 22 East 14th St. Astor 221 Broadway. Belmont 137 Fulton St. Bowery 395 Bowery. Brandreth Broadway & Canal St, Brevoort 11 Fifth Ave. Brevoort Place Broadway & 10th St. Brower 24 West 28th St. Brunswick 225 Fifth Ave. Buckingham 50th St. & Fifth Ave. Central 253 Canal St. Central 272 West St. Central Park 7th Ave. & 59th St. City 71 Cortlandt St. Coleman Broadway & 27th St. Columbian 187 Chatham St. Continental 442 Broadway. Cooper 80 East 9th St. Cooper Union 19 Third Ave. Cosmopolitan Chambers & W. B'way. Crittenden Broadway & 26th St. Crook's 84 Chatham St. Dey Street 58 Dey St. Earle's Canal & Centre Sts. Eastern 62 Whitehall St. Empire 613 Third Ave. Everett 4th Ave. & 17th St. Everett's 104 Vesey St. French's Chatham & Frankfort Sts. Garvey 4th Ave. & 42d St. Germania 141 Cedar St. Germania 137 Grand St. Gilsey Broadway & 29th St. Glenham 155 Fifth Ave. GENERAL INFORMATION. 101 Grand Broadway & 31st St. Grand Central 671 Broadway. Grant 48 New Bowery. Hanfield's G22 Grand St. Hartman'8 47 Bowery. Hoffman 1111 Broadway. International 17 & 19 Park Row. Irving 49 East 12th St. Jegel 47 Barclay St. Lafayette 595 Broadway. La Pierre 56 Warreu St. Leggett's 46 Chatham St. Lion Park 110th St. & Eighth Ave. McKinley's 93 South St. Madison Square Broadway & 21st St. Manhattan 265 Bowery. Monument 6 Union Square. National 5 Cortlandt St. New Jersey 73 Cortlandt St. Northern Cortlandt & West Sts. Occidental Broome St. & Bowery. Paige's Spring & West Sts. Paris 22 West Houston. Park Beekman & Nassau Sts. Parker Broadway & 34th St. Pearl Street 309 Pearl St. Putnam 367 Fourth Ave. Recreo 11 West 11th St. Reinhardt's 2 Greenwich St. Reservoir Park 40th St. & Sixth Ave. Revere — 606 Broadway. Rossmore Broadway & 42d St. St. Charles 648 Broadway. " Cloud Broadway & 42d St. ' ' Denis Broadway & 11th St. " Germain 22d St. & Broadway. '• James 26th St. & Broadway. " Julien 4 Washington Place. " Lawrence 31 Bowery. " Omer Sixth Ave. & 23d St. Sauer's Fourth Ave. & 26th St. Sheridan 159 Canal St. Smith & McNeil's 197 Washington St. Smith's 56 Chatham St. Soule's European 6th Ave. & 44th St. Southern 679 Broadway. Stacy 760 Broadway. Steel's 316 Greenwich St. Steuben 295 Bowery. Stevens 23 Broadway. Summit Canal & Bowery. Sweeney's Duane & Chatham. Tremont 663 Broadway. Union Place Broadway & 14th St. Union Square 16 Union Square. United States Fulton & Water. Vanderbilt 149 Hudson St. Van Dyke 21 Catharine Slip. Washington 375 Fourth Ave. Westminster Irving Place & 16th St. Westmoreland Fourth Ave. & 17th St. West Side 227 Sixth Ave. Winchester Broadway & 31st St. ON THE AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLANS. Ashland 4th Ave. & 24th St. Barnum's 904 Broadway. City 1 Clinton Place. Fifth Avenu2 5th Ave. & 23d St. Frankfort Frankfort & William Sts. Maltby 21 Great Jones St. Metropolitan 586 Broadway. Prescott Broadway & Spring St. St. Nicholas 515 Broadway. Sailor's Home 338 Pearl St. Sinclair 754 Broadway. LIBRARIES. Apprentices', 472 Broadway. Open from 8 A.M. to 9 P.M. Astor, Lafayette Place, near Astor Place. Open daily, except Sundays and Holi- days, from 9 A.M. to 5 p.m. Free. City, 12 City HaU. Open daily from 10 A.M. to 4 P.M. Free. Cooper Union, Seventh street, cor. Fourth av. Free reading-rooms for males and females. Open from 8 A.M. to 10 P.M. Harlem, Third av., near 122d street. Open from 2 to 7 p.m. Library of the American Institute, Cooper Union. Open daily, from 9 a.m. to 9 P.M., and on Wednesdays and Satur- days, from 9 A.M. to 7 p.m. Mercantile Library, Astor Place. Open 8 A.M. to 9 P.M. Down-town oflSce 51 Liberty street. Reading-room open from 8 A.M. to 10 p.m. Mott Memorial Free Medical, 58 Madison av. Open daily, from 11 a.m. to 1 P.M., and from 7 to 10 p.m. New York Historical Society, Second av., cor. E. 11th street. Open, from Octo- ber to April, from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. ; from April to Oct., 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. New York Law Institute, New Post Office. Open from 8.30 a.m. until 6 p.m. Irom 1st of March to 1st of October; rest of the year, from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. New York Society, 67 University Place. Open from 8 a.m. until 6 p.m. Read- ing-room from 8 A.M to 10 p.m. Printers', 3 Chambers street. Open every Saturday evening. Women's, 38 Bleecker street. Open daily, from 9 a.m. to 4 p. m. Young Men's Christian Association, 23d street and Fourth av. : Third av., cor. E. 122d street; 245 Hudson street; 473 Grand, and 285 Bleecker streets. Open daily. 102 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK. liOCATION OF PIERS. NORTH RIVER. JVo. Foot of street. 1, 2, 3— Battery Place. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8— Rector, 9, 10, 11— Rector and Carlisle. 12, 13, 14— Albany and Cedar. 16, 16-Liberty. 17, 18, 19~Cortlandt. 20, 21— Dey and Fulton. 22, 23, 24— Fulton and Vesey. 25, 28— Barclay. 27— Park Place. 28, 29— Murray and "Warren. 30— Chambers. 31, 32, 33— Duane and Jay. 34— -Harrison. 35— Franklin. 36- North Moore. 37, 38— Beach and Hubert 39, 40— Vestry and Watts. 41— Hoboken. 42— Canal. 43, 44— Spring. 45— Charlton. 46— King. 47— West Houston. 48— Clark son. 49— Leroy. 60— Morton. 61— Christopher. 62— West 10th. 63— Charles. 64— Perrv. 65_We3t 11th. 56— Bethune. 57 — Horatio. 68— Gansevoort. 69— Bogart. 60— Bloomfield. 61— Little 12th. 62, 63— West 13th and 15th. EAST RIVER. No Foot of Street. 1^ 2— Whitehall. 3, 4— Moore and Broad. 6 to 10— Coenties Slip. 11, 12, 13-Old Slip. 14— Jones' Lane. 15, 16-Wall. 17— Pine. 18— Maiden Lane. 19-rietcher. 20, 21— Burling SUp. 22— Fulton. 23, 24— Beekman. 25, 26— Peck Slip. 27, 28-r)over. 29, 30— Roosevelt. 31, 32— James Slip. 33— Oliver. 34, 35, 36— Catharine. 37, 38, 39— Market. 40, 41, 42— Pike. 43, 44, 45 -Rutgers. 46, 47— Jefferson. 48, 49— Clinton. 50— Montgomery. 51, 52— Gouveisitnr. 53— Jackson. 54— Corlears. 55— Cherry. 66, 57 — Broome. 58, 69— Delancy. 60, 61— Rivington. 62— Stanton. 63-Third. 64-Fifth. 65— Sixth. 66— Seventh. 67— Eighth. 68— Ninth. 69, 70— E. 10th and 11th. FERRIES. Astoria, foot E. 92d street. Reached by Second and Third av. cars, and Piers 22 and 24, E. R. Brooklyn, Catharine Slip to Main street. By Second av. cars. Brooklyn, loot Fulton to Fulton street. By Fifth av. stages and Bleecker street cars. Brooklyn, foot Wall to Montague street. By Wall street and Broadway stages. Brooklyn, foot Whitehall to Atlantic street. By Broadway stages, etc. Brooklyn (Williamsburg), foot Roosevelt to South 7th street. Brooklyn (Williamsburg), foot E. Hous- ton to Grand street. Brooklyn (Williamsburg), foot Grand to Grand street, and to South 7th street. Bull's Ferry and Fort Lee, Pier 51, N. R. Commnnipaw, foot Liberty street. Greenpoint, foot E. 10th street, and foot E. 23d street. Hamilton Av., foot Whitehall to Atlantic Dock. Hoboken, foot Barclay street, N. R. Hoboken, foot Christopher street, N. R. Hunter's Point, foot E. 34th to Ferry street. Hunter's Point, James slip, E. R., to Ferry street. Jersey City, foot Cortlandt to Montgom- ery street. By 2d street and Broad- GENERAL INFORMATION. 103 way stages, Grand street and Belt Line railroads. Jersey City, foot Desbrosses to Exchange Place. Grand street and Belt Line railroads. Mott Haven, Pier 24, E. E, Pavonia, foot Chambers and 23d streets, N. R., to Long Dock. Staten Island (Quarantine, Stapleton, and Yanderbilt's Landing), foot Whitehall street. By Broadway stages to South Ferry. Bt&ten Island, Pier 19, N. R. Weehawken, foot W. 42d street. HomoBopathic, Third av. and 23d street. Third and Fourth av. cars. Hygeia Therapeutic, 95 Sixth av. Sixth av. cars. Medical College for Women, 187 Second av. Second av. cars. New York Free Medical, for Women, 51 St. Mark's Place. Second av. cars. Pharmacy, University Bnilding. Broad- way cars. University, 26th street, opposite Belle- vue Hospital. First and Second av. cars. Veterinary, 205 Lexington av. Fourth COLLEGES IN NEW YOEK. LITKKAKT. Columbia, E. 4:9th street, bet. Fourth and Fifth avs. Reached by Third or Sixth av. cars to 4:9th street. Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church, W. 20th street, bet. Ninth and Tenth avs. :Ninth av. cars. House of the Evangelists, 52 Seventh street. Seventh av. cars. New York, 23d street and Fourth av. Third and Fourth av. cars to 23d street. New York College of Dentistry, 21st street and Broadway. Broadway cars and stages. Physicians and Surgeons, 23d street and Fourth av. 42d street or Fourth av. cars. Rutgers Female, 489 Fifth av. Fifth av. stages. St. Francis Xavier, 49 "SV. 15th street. Sixth av. cars. St. Louis , 232 W. 42d street. Seventh and Eighth av. cars. University, Washington Square, cor. Waverley Place. Broadway cars. Union Theological Seminary, 9 University Place. Broadway and University Place cars. MEDICAL. Bellevue, 26th street and First av. First and Second av. cars to 26th street. Eclectic, 223 E. 26th street. First or Second av. cars to 26th street. Hahnemann, 3 E. 23d street. Fifth av. stages. HomoBopathic Medical Society, Third av. and 23d street. Third av. cars. HOSPITALS IN NEW YORK. Bellevue, foot of E. 26th street. First and Second av. cars. Children's, E. 51st street, near Third av. Third av. cars. German, Fourth av. cor. E. 77th street. Third av. cars. Hahnemann, 807 E. 55th street. Third av. cars. Manhattan Eye and Ear, 233 E. 34th street. Third av. cars. Metropolitan Throat, 17 Stuyvesant street. Second and Third av. cars. Mount Sinai, Lexington av. and 66th street. Madison and Fourth av. care. New York, Office, 8 W. 16th street. Fifth av. Stages, or Sixth av. cars. New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, 218 Sec- ond av. First and Second av. cars. New York Infirmary for Women and Chil- dren, 5 Livingston Place. First and Second av. cars. New York Ophthalmic, Third av. cor. 23d street. Third av. cars. New York Ophthalmic Aural, 46 E. 12th street. Broadway stages or Fourth av. cars. N. Y. State, for Diseases of the Nervous System, St. Mark's Place, Second av. Second av. cars. Nursery and Child's. Lexington av. cor. E. 51st street. Third av. cars. Presbyterian, E. 70th street. Fourth av. Third or Fourth av. cars. Roosevelt, W. 59th street, near Ninth av. Eighth av. or Belt Line cars. Seamen's Fund and Retreat, Staten Island. Office, 12 Old Slip. St. Elizabeth's. 225 W. 31st street. Eighth av. cars. 104 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YOEK. St. Francis, 609 Fifth av. Fourth av. cars. St. Luke's, 54:th street and Fifth av. Sixth av. cars. St. Mary's, for children, 407 W. 34th street. Eighth and Ninth av. cars. Strangers, Av. D, cor. 10th street. Av. D line cars. St. Vincent, 195 11th street. Sixth or Seventh av. cars. Ward's Island, Ward's Island. Oflace, Castle Garden, Battery. West Side, for Throat and Eye Diseases, 282 Eighth av. Eighth av. cars. Woman's, Fourth av. and E. 50th street. Third av. cars. The Morgue, foot of 26th street. East Biver. DISPENSARIES. Central, 934 Eighth av. Eighth av. cars. Demilt, 401 Second av. First and Sec- ond av. cars. Eastern, 57 Essex street. East Broadway cars. Eclectic, 223 E. 26th street. Third or Second av. cars. German, 65 St. Mark's Place. Third or Fourth av. cars. German, West Side, 332 W. 40th street. Ninth av. cars. Harlem, 188 E. 122d street. Second and Third av. cars. Eoffman, 153 W. 28th street. Seventh av. cars. HomoBopathic, 59 Bond street. Broadway stages, or Third or Fourth av. cars. New York Ear, 36th street and Ninth av. Ninth av. cars. New York, for Children, 406 E. 15th street. Third or Second av. cars. New York, for Diseases of Skin, 101 E. 30th street. Third av. cars. New York, Tumor, 101 E. 30th street. Third av. cars. New York, cor. White and Centre streets. Fourth av. cars. New York, Cancer and Hospital, 468 Sixth av. Sixth av. cars. New York, for Throat and Chest Dis- eases, 47 University Place. Univer- sity Place cars. Hew York Homoeopathic, 493 Seventh av. Seventh av. cars. New York Orthopedic, 126 E. 59th street Madison and Third av. cars. North Eastern, 222 E. 59th street. Third av. cars. North Eastern Homoeopathic, 307 E. 55th street. First and Second av. cars. Northern, Waverley Place, cor. of Chris- topher street. Bleecker street cars. North Western, 403 W. 36th street. Ninth av. cars. Western Homoeopathic, 413 W. 42d street. Ninth av. cars. Western, for Women and Children, 334 Ninth av. Ninth av. cars. Yorkville, 1482 Third av. Third av. cars. Yorkville Homoeopathic, 162 E. 84th street. Third av. cars. SECRET AND BENEFIT SOCIETIES. AJIERICAN MECHA:^7ICS. Annual Session of State Council, second Tuesday in August. Semi-annual Session, second Tuesday in February. AMERICAN PROTESTANT ASSOCIATION. The Grand Lodge of S. N. Y. meets on the first Monday of June and December. Subordinate Lodges meet at 301 W. 29th, and other places. COURT LAFAYETTE, ANCIENT FORESTERS. Meets second and fourth Wednesday in each month at 114 E 12th. The Grand Grove of Directors S. N. Y. meets on the third Sunday in March, June, September and December, at 26 Delancey. GERMAN. Turn Verein, City of New York, 66 E, 4th. Meets every Saturday evening. Bloomingdale, 341 W. 47th. Anshi Amuni. Meets at 146 Norfolk. B'nai Berith. Meets at 158 Third av. Brith Abraham. Meets every third Sun- day in the month at 56 Orchard. Diste??ct Grand Lodge. Meets quarterly, at 158 Third av. Chehra Bihur Cholim Ukadisha. Meets at 165 E. Broadway. Hebrew Benevolent Fuel Association. 601 Broadway. GENERAL INFOKMATION. 105 Hebrew Benevolent Society. E. 77tb, cor. Third av. Hebrew Benevolent and Orphan Asylum Society. Meets E. TTth, near Third av. Hebrew Free Burial Society, 318 Bleecker. Hebrew Free School Association. 318 Bleecker. Hebrew Mutual Benefit Society. Monthly, at 145 W. 34tii. Hebrew Mutual B. and B. Society. 127 W. 44th. Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Society. 127 W. 44th. Levi Lodge of F. S., 114 E. 13th. First and third Monday in each month. The District Grand Lodge of the 1. 0. F. S. L of the State of New York meets in February and July. Grand Lodge S. N. Y., meets annually on the first Tuesday in June, at 75 W, 23d. Masonic Temple. Subordinate Lrdges meet every even- ing at Masonic Temple, 75 W. 23d, 224 Centre, and other places. The Grand Commandery of Knights Tem- plars meet on the second Tuesday in October, as previously designated. The Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters meet annually in New York on the first Tuesday' in October. The Grand Royal Arch Chapter meets at Albany annually on the first Tuesday in February. Subordinate Chapters in New York City meet 75 W. 23d, 224 Centre, and other places. Consistory S. P. R. S.. 32d Degree. Rose- Croix Chapter, Council of Princes of Jeru- salem, Lodge of Perfection, and Cosmo- politan Consistory, working under the authority of the Supreme Council, meet at 75 W. 23d. ODD FELLOWS. The Grand Lodge meets at New York- City, on the Tuesday succeeding the Third Monday in August. The Grand Encampment meets in August at New York City. Subordinate Lodges and Encampments meet at 224 Centre and 274 Grand, and other places, every evening. ORDEB OF HERMANN'S SONS, The Grand Lodge meets at 73 Ludlow, on the third Sunday in each month. ORDER OF THE SONS OF LIBERTY. Grand Lodge of the State of New York meets every second Sunday at 52 Orchard. TEMPERANCE. The Grand Division of the Sons of Temper- ance meets annually in New York City on the second Wednesday in November. The Grand Temple of Honor, State of New York, meets annually in May. The Grand Section of the Cadets of Temper- ance meets first week in February, May, August and November, the last being the annual session. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF RECHABITES. High Tent meets annually in the City of New York. New York Tent, No. 2, meets every Sat- urday evening at Cottage pi. cor, Bleecker. Washington Tent, No. 1, meets every Tuesday evening. Cottage pi. cor. Bleecker, BENEVOLENT. Ancient Britons' Benevolent Society, 214 Bowery. Ancient Order of Hibernians, 28 Prince. Barbanell U. 0. B. B., 114 E. 13th. Benevolent and Protectiv* Order of Elks, 114 E. 13th. Benevolent and Protective Order of Eques- trians, 114 E. 13th. Edward Everett U. 0. B. B., meets at 114 E. 13th, second and fourth Wednes- day in each month. Father Mathew T. A. B, Society, 40T Second av. Germania. meets first and third Thurs- day ot each month at 10 Stanton. Harugari. meets every second Sunday in the month at 52 Orchard. Henry Jones 0. U. B. B., meets at 114 E. 13th, second and fourth Tuesdays in each month. Italian Benevolent Society, 7 Broadway. Lafayette, meets every second and fourth Tuesday in each month at 10 Stanton. Life Saving Benevolent Association, 51 Wall. Musical Ben. Society, meets every Friday at 10 Stanton. N. Y. Typographical Society, 3 Chambers. 106 HISTORY OF AND HOW TO SEE NEW YORK, St. David's Benevolent Society, meets at 214 Bowery. Societe Culinaire Philanthropique de New York, tirst Thursday iu each month at 126 Sixth av. Teutonia Ben. Society, meets second and fourth Tuesday in each month at 10 Stanton. Typographical Union, meets first Tues- day in each month at 114 E. 13th. Typographical, meets at 10 Stanton on the last Saturday of each mouth. Workingmen's Ben, Prot. Society (No. 1), meet first and third Tuesday iu each month at 10 Stanton. Young Men's Ben. Society, meets first Tuesday in each month at 10 Stanton. DISTANCES IN TTT-R CITY. ^^! .^ g^ ^1 '4 TO Mile. Mile. Mile. M Rector st. X k ' Fulton. X X City Hall. 1 % k" Leonard. l¥ 1 X Canal. i;^ i¥ X Spring. m ^Vi 1 E. Houston. 2 \X IK E. 4th. 2^ 2 IX E. 9th. 2j« 2¥ IK E. 14th. 2M '^H 2 E. 19th. 3 2M 2j^ E. 24th. 3K 3 2>^ E. 29th. 3>^ 3^ 2M E. 34th. m 3>^ 3 E. 38th. 4 33C 3J^ E. 44th. m 4 3X E. 49th. iM 4¥ 3M E. 54th. m 4>^ 4 E. 58th. 5 4K 4i^ E. 63d. 5H 5 4.x E. 68th. 5X 5K m E. 73d. 5% 5>^ 5 E. 78th. 6 5M 5^ E. 83d. 6K 6 5>^ E. 88th. 6>^ E. 107th. 7>^ IH 6M E. 112th. 1% IM 7 E. 117th. 8 1% 7i^ E. 121st. BK 8 7X E. 126th. FOREIGN CONSULS. Argentine Republic— Ed. F. Davison, C. ; Aug:usta, 41 : Savannah, 49 ; and to Jackgonville, Pla., &4 hours. Equipment first-class in every particular. Sleeping: Cars on all night trains. Eating- Houses grood and at proper intervals. No delays on Sun- day. Changes of cars less than by any other Southern Route, and when made they are made in Union Depots, doing: away with vexatious omnibus transfers. Be sure and ask for tickets via Hichmond, G-reensboro and Charlotte, for Florida and all points South. J. R. MACMURDO, C. YINGLING, GeiiH Pass. Agent, GenH EasCn Pass. Agent, Richmond, Va. 9 Astop House, N. Y. HOW TO SEB irSW TORK.-ADrEBTISEStEXTS. ]v[ew Yotk iii\d f^l\ilkdelpl:^ia--]\'^e^Y I(ir(e. ^OUND ipROOK I^OUTE. — BETWEEN — New York & Philadelphia. STATION IN NKW YORK: Central R. R. of New Jersey, foot of Liberty Street, N. R. STATION IN PHILADELPHIA: North Pennsylvania R. R., corner Berks & American Sts. PASSENGEJ^S DELIVERED AT THE MAIX ENTRANCE TO THE CENTENNL4L GROUNDS. Tickets and Freight as low as by other Routes. H. P. BALDWIN, Gen'l Passenger Agent, C. R. R, of N. J. HOW TO SEE NEW YORK.—ADVERTISEMEXTS. ATTEISTTIOlSr, TOURISTS! THE ERIE RAILWAY IS THE GREAT CENTENNIAL EXCURSION ROUTE COMBINATION EXCURSION TICKETS at the LOWEST RATES OF FARE, embracing Niagara Falls, Watkins' Glen, Cooperstown, Richfield Springs, Trenton Falls, Sharon Springs, Havana Glen, Crookpd Glen, Ithaca, Clifton Springs, Chautauqua Lake, Thousand Islands, and Rapids of the St. Lawrence, Montreal, Quebec, Saratoga, Lake Champlain, Lake George, White Mountains. The Only Line running Pullman's Bkoad Gauge Palace Coaches to Niagara Falls ; and Hotel Coaches from New York to Chicago without change. The Erie Railway is famed for its beautiful scenery. From its cars good views can be obtained of the Ramapo Valley— first called " The Switzerland of America," by Willis. Of the Delaware River, the Susquehanna Valley and River, the Starrucca Viaduct, the Genesee Valley and Niagara Falls. Full information of Rates and Routes cheerfully given at Company's Offices, 239, 401, 529 and 957 Broadway, New York. JNO. N. ABBOTT, GenH Pe^^enger Agent. Chas. p. Crair. G^>ri Eastern Passenger A (jenf. nuW TO 8EE -YiiTF YORK.— ADVERTISEMENTS. Wm.RicHai^dsoH ^: X&J PHOTOGRAPHS /^ 1873&4. WM. RICHARDSON, Photographer, 129 & 131 Broadway, Brooklyn, E. D. PORTRAITS IN CRAYON, PASTEL , WATER COL ORS, INDIA INK and OIL COLORS. SATIN-FINISHJ^D PORTRAITS A SPECIALTY/ E. H. DICKEY, . DENTIST, No. 104 Fourth Street, Adjoining Wall House, BROOKLYN, E. D. now TO St'E NEW YO^K.—ADVERTISEMENTS. TIME TESTS ALL THINGS.' ORG ANIZED 1845. PUR ELY MUT UAL THK ]^ew Yofk L(ife Ii\^uf kr\de Co. 346 and 348 BROADWAY, N. T. Cash Assets, - - $31,000,000 Annual Income, - 8,000,000 [^~ See Picture of this Company's Building on Page 56.] The New- York Life Insurance Compant has been doing biisiness for thirty- one years, and now offers to those desiring insurance all the advantages tliat great experieDce, a well-established business and reputation, and carefully perfected plans, can afford. During the last 31 years this Company has issued over 120,000 policies, received over 64 million dollars in Premiums, and paid over 33 millions in Death- Claimg, Cash Dividends and Return Premiimis. Its present Assets are 31 million dollars, securely invested and rapidly increasing. The large amoimt of Assets now held by the Company, the large mimber of policies in force on carefully selected lives in the most healthful parts of Norlh America and Europe, and the long experience of its officers and managers, place its stability and future prosperity beyond a doubt. Having no capital stock or stock- holders, its policy-holders receive their insurance at its actual cost, and reap all the advantages of insurance in a company in which expenses and death-losses are reduced to the minimum. The New- York Lite has been progressive as well as prudent, and has proved itself the friend of the unfortimate in the methods by which it has secured the benefits of life insurance to tlie people. The entire system of non-forfeiture policies, by which millions of dollars have been saved to policy-holders, originated with this company in 1860; and in 1871 it so combined the Tontine principle in the distribution of surplus with the principle of insurance as to obviate many of the objections heretofore made against life insurance. It has received the unqualified approval of the ablest actuaries and the most experienced business men. The managers of the New- York Life need give no better promise for the future of the company than is found in its past success. Persons who desire insurance, and value age, experience, and approved methods, as a guaranty of successful results, are invited to examine the claims of the Company to their confidence and support. MORRIS FRANKLJN, President. "WILLIAM H. BEERS, Vice-Pres. and Actuary. THEODORE M. BANTA, Cashier. D. O'DELL, Supt. of Agencies. CORNELIUS R. BOGERT, M.D., ) ^^^.^^^ Examiners. GEORGE WILKES, M.D., f ^''"*<'«t J^u^aimntre. CHARLES WRIGHT, M.D., Ass't Medical Examiner. Apply to the Company for ftmher information. JIO]]' TO SEE ^'E.Y YORK.-ADVERTISEMEXT, WILLIAM H. DECKER, COMMISSION DEALER, Lumber of Every Description TAKEN ON STORAGE AND SOLD ON COMMISSION. Wliite & Yellow -Pir\e L(mr(bei? A SPECIALTY. ALSO, OAK TIMBER and SHIP PLANK. OFFICE AND YARD: Cor. 14rtli Street and 11th. Avenue, NEW YORK. 3000 Engravings ; 1840 Pages Quarto. Price, $12. FOUR PAGES ri/^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^jf^^ NATIONAL COLORED ^^fcsZK^i^^i^^lr^^^y STANDARD. FJL.^'TKIS. JK^^KtjSMj/^^^^^^ 1/ FItOOF-20 to 1 The sales of Webster's Dictionaries throughout the country iu 1873 were 20 times as large as the sales of any other Dictionaries. We will send proof of this on application, and such sale still continues. More than THIRTY THOUSAND copies of Webster's Unabridged have been placed In as many Public Schools in the United States, by State Enactments or School Officers. Published by G. & C. MERRIAM, Springfield, Mass. Sabtuel Hawk. Uriah Welch. Charles H. King. George Henlin. 1 Wkli^ks BROADWAY, S. HAWK & CO.. Proprietors. New York. BOW TO SIiK NEW YORK —ADVERTISEMENTS. ■J. J. Mountain, Z. P. Ceby. ' ES. 3E». C:^<:>lBir c*5 CUO-, . _ .. 95 William St., New York. Manofactufinf STHTION[RS, NEW YORK. BOOKlWPRINltRl Tii m .!--4 rill \[m BLANK BOOKS TO ORDER. MNGM^ TING , ! p% \ OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. ' • j — -^\ NOTE HEADS, -' ' BILL HEADS.. CIRCULARS, f peOBY &C0. ENVELOPES, II^^ANU^cTURiNC Stationers. El CARDS, TAGS. PAMPHLETS PRICE LISTS. HEW YORK. HOW TO SEE XEW YORK.— ADVERTISEMENTS. Qesigner AND ^NGRAVER No, 183 William Street, Cor. of Spruce Street, NEW YORK. ROBERT DIX, MANUFACTTTRER OP LADIES', MISSES' AND CHILDREN'S Ski^d & ]VIkcl\ii\e ^ewed Soot^ &: ^\oq^. No. I^G ^WJ^TlTi^ElN STRTGET, B«-t. Broitdway & Church Street, NEW YORK. White Gaiters and Slippers and Turned Cacks a Specialty. J. HENRY VAN KIRK, PAPER WAREHOUSE, Book, News and Manilla Papers. KTOiB, "Z db O :^&&2^iDCLSii2L Street, (Under Nassau Bank,) NEW YORK. Atrent for the L. L. Brown Paper Co., Whiting Paper Co. Clifton Mills, Arlington Mills first- clasB Writing and Ledger Papers, Crane's Bond Paper, and Parker's Treasury Blotting. now TO SKE XEW YOIiK.-ADVEETISEMEXTS. OF NEW YORK. Cash Capital and Surplus, $300,000. INTO. 139 BRO^D^^A^AY, This Company Insures property of all kinds against Loss or- Damage by Fire on Favorable Terms. W. B. Ogdek, Sec'ij. Adolph Schalk, Fic«-P;etf7. C. W. Sta^dart, Preset. HENRY C. BANKS, FOR ALL THE STATES, &e. No. 3 Joliia Street, iCor. Broadway.) ISTew Vork City. LAW AXD COLLECTION OFFICES OF BANKS & BANKS. OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. Safe Keeping of Valuables Under Guarantee, AND THE RENTING OF SAFES IN BURGLAR & FIRE-PROOF VAULTS. 71 & 73 West 23d Street, (Masonic Temple Building.) Ellwood E. Thorke. President. John P. Roberts. Sec"y and Treas. Wm. A. Fkazer, Sup't. (Room 36,) Nos. 113 k 115 Broadway, New York. now TO SEE XEW TORK.-ADVERTISEMEXTS. Long Island Railroads TO THE SEA SHORE. FiTries from James Slip, foot of Chambers Street, East River, and from :i4th Street, East River, connectinj; with Trains from t-OIsTO- ISI--A.3SriD GIT "ST, TOY, GREENPORT, SAC HARBOR, PORT JEFFERSON, HUNTINGTOX. OYSTER BAY, JAMAICA, FLUSHING, WHITESTONE, C'OLLEGE POINT, SHELTER ISLAND, ROSLYN, SEA CLIFF, ROCKAWAY, BABYLON, ROCKAWAY BEACH, RiVEKHEAD, Moriches, Jamesport, Bellpokt, Yaphank, Hempstead, Manor, Smithtown, Glencove, Locust Valley, Nurthport, Amittvills, Rocxtill* Centre, Brbslatj, Baldwin and other points on the lines of the LONG ISLAND RAILROAD, Southern Railroad of Loxo Island, Flushing, North Shore and Central R. R., The latter road runs direct to A. T. Stewart's Also to the Grounds of the National Rifle Associatioic , CREEDMOOR. Parlor Cars are run on Throush Trains. EOW TO SEE NEW YORK.— ADVERTISEMENTS. ROCK OF MASONRY. " Time, which is continually washing awuy the dissoluble liibiics of other institntioDl, pagses by without injuring the adamant of Ma6.onry." Standard '\Yorks on Pheemasonry, JEWELS AND FURNITURE. Robert Macoy, Formerly PRESIDENT of the PUBLISHER AND DEALER IN Masonic Boots ani Diplomas, Jewels anil Parapliernalia, 4 Barclay Street, ASTOR HOUSE, NEW YORK. P^~ The Subscriber, having an experience of 30 years in Preparing and Pub- lieliing Masonic Works, continues to offer his services in furnishing the Craft vnth the Standard Books on Freemasonry published in this Countr>'. Masonic aad OTHER Society Goods of every description supplied on order. OLD AND RARE MASONIC BOOKS BOUGHT AND SOLD. HOW TO SEE NEW Y0RK.-ADVERTISEMENT3. J[5LcW*T>^- fmi^ ^W^T LOSGACRE CO.PHILA. John Kirkman & Son, SOAP WORKS, 30 OATHAEINE STREET, NEW YOBK. MANUFACTURERS OF GERMAN PALM, LAUNDRY, CASTILE, AND OTHER SOAPS. Our best '' FAMILY SOAP," packed In 40 and 80 lb. Boxes, May be relied hik»i as equal to any Soap made in this Market. VARIOUS BRANDS OF STARCH, TALLOW AND ADAMANTINE CANDLES. t^^Goods delivered to all parts of the City and Brookl\Ti free of charge. UCSB LIBRARY A 000 609 935 2