BARBOW'S 
 
ZT TN^L^SU^ * <AK-J *X * 
 
 rfr?*A <$;**,. -** *. 
 
 ,, 
 
 WMffi*%Hi& 
 
 y^> Y f^"\^ 
 
 ^i^^^^^l^iSt 
 
 ^ 1 >^(l^ ^^J^Jo ^^<ko? rit 
 
 t ^ 
 
 
:- 
 
 o 
 
 r 
 
 K o 
 
 s ! ? 
 
 en 
 W 
 
Barbow's Mirror Cruising- Compass. 
 
-' 
 
t - 
 
 BARBOWS 
 BOOKLET 
 
 Tree Scale and 
 Section Diagram 
 
 USEFUL TO 
 
 Timber Estimators 
 Timber Owners 
 and Compass Men 
 
 "Let things that have to be done be 
 learned by doing them" 
 
 Copyright 1909 
 
 By JOSEPH BARBOW 
 
 Portland, Oregon 
 
PREFACE 
 
 - >* 
 
 GOOD AUTHORITIES claim 
 that a precise rule to scale 
 standing timber is most diffi- 
 cult to be arrived at; indeed, 
 we believe it. My method is 
 merely to arrive at the next 
 best. 
 
 The author's desire is merely 
 to place before the intelligent 
 beginner and the old woods- 
 men condensed information 
 which he sincerely hopes will 
 be found of value. 
 
 Joszrn BARBOW, 
 
 PORTLAND, OREGON 
 
Jv. 
 
 ! ! ; '!l heiqttt. 13. loqs 
 5 Staff. .44- =60" 
 
 = ,32 4-00' B.M~- 
 .jjvi-irl *9 ft F Af >37 
 
Barbow's Mirror Cruising Compass 
 
 Includes elements to facilitate compassing. 
 Also a simple device, comprising, an indi- 
 cator, a log division, a reading mirror, a pair 
 of sights, and a folding scale. For the pur- 
 poses of determining the number of logs in a 
 tree, and its diameter at the point of mean 
 height, 
 
 First Observation. Pace out 18 paces, or 
 measure 96 feet from the base of the tree. At 
 this point hold up compass box vertically 
 and sight along the upper edge to top of tree, 
 and note the number of 16-feet logs indi- 
 cated in mirror. 
 
 Second Observation. Standing at the same 
 point, sight between the pair of sights, to 
 point of mean height on the tree, at the same 
 time holding knot on cord at the eye (the eye 
 is now equal to 12 inches from the sights.) 
 (having previously opened the folding scale 
 which now rests on partly closed cover.) 
 Carefully sight and continue to close cover until 
 each sight coincides with the width of the 
 tree. This having been done carefully, read 
 the scale which is divided in one hundredths 
 of an inch, to correspond with the width of 
 the tree in inches, when the reading on scale 
 is .40, the tree is 40 inches diameter, if .55, 
 the tree is 55 inches diameter, etc. 
 
 NOTE This scale corresponding with the 
 width of the tree will be found precise enough 
 for all trees containing no more than four 
 logs. 
 
 And all trees above four logs one may trace 
 its diameter by consulting "Tree Scale in 
 Booklet." 
 
 First Example. One finds the tree to 
 contain 5 logs, and the reading of the "Scale" 
 to be .38. See Page 13, find 5 logs line, then 
 
.38 stands under the head of 40 inches 
 diameter. Amount in feet, 5950. Size of 
 timber, .84 log per thousand feet. 
 
 Second Example. One finds the tree to 
 contain 12 logs, and the reading of scale .55 
 See page 20, in the same manner find 12 logs 
 line, then .55 under the head of 75 inches 
 diameter, amount in feet 51600. Size of 
 timber .23 log per thousand feet, etc. 
 
 Remark First. Ascertain diameter at the 
 point of mean height on the tree, and deduct 
 the bark. 
 
 (Except in case of one log tree, when 
 diameter of top end should be used.) 
 
 Remark Second. There may be found cases 
 when the woodsman may find it advis- 
 able to deduct 1 and even 2 inches, as well 
 as the bark from the ascertained diameter. 
 For instance, when a tree is both small and 
 short, another, may be large but short, de- 
 duct 1 and 2 inches, respectively. 
 
 NOTE Remark 2nd applies to contents 
 of trees in feet only. 
 
 Remark Third. To contents of cordwood 
 given add 1 to 10% for close to loose piling 
 respectively, as well as retaining the bark; 
 add tops if used. 
 
 Remark Fourth. Number of Ties is 
 approximated . 
 
 Remark Fifth. The contents given in 
 feet for each tree is based on Spaulding Log 
 Rule. 
 
First ColumnNumber of 16 feet logs in the tree 
 
 Second Column Diameter of tree, in bold 
 
 face figures, at mean height, with reading 
 
 of Folding Scale in inches, and hundredths 
 
 underneath it. 
 
 Third Column Number of feet B. M. in the 
 123 4 52345 
 
 ! 
 
 Dia 
 10 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 .8 
 
 Dia 
 11 
 
 $ 
 
 
 
 fc 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 H 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 .10 
 .10 
 .10 
 -.10 
 
 50 
 100 
 150 
 200 
 
 .09 
 
 .18 
 .27 
 .36 
 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 
 .11 
 .11 
 .11 
 .11 
 10 
 
 60 
 120 
 180 
 240 
 300 
 
 .10 
 .20 
 .30 
 .40 
 50 
 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 10 
 
 R 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 360 
 
 60 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1?, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20.00 
 
 
 
 
 16.67 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 f 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 3 
 
 * 
 
 8 
 
 ^ 
 
 12 
 
 I 
 
 & 
 
 H 
 
 13 
 
 EN 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 .1?, 
 
 80 
 
 .12 
 
 2 
 
 .13 
 
 100 
 
 .15 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 .12 
 
 160 
 
 .25 
 
 4 
 
 .13 
 
 200 
 
 .30 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 .12 
 
 240 
 
 .37 
 
 6 
 
 .13 
 
 300 
 
 .45 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 .12 
 
 320 
 
 .50 
 
 8 
 
 .13 
 
 400 
 
 .60 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 .11 
 
 400 
 
 .62 
 
 10 
 
 .12 
 
 500 
 
 .75 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 .11 
 
 480 
 
 .75 
 
 12 
 
 .12 
 
 600 
 
 .90 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 .11 
 
 560 
 
 .87 
 
 14 
 
 .12 
 
 700 
 
 1.05 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 .10 
 
 640 
 
 1.00 
 
 16 
 
 .11 
 
 800 
 
 1.20 
 
 16 
 
 q 
 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 900 
 
 1 35 
 
 1H 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 1000 
 
 1 50 
 
 90 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12.50 
 
 
 
 
 10.00 
 
 
 
tree, with number of logs per M., given 
 
 in logs and hundred ths, underneath it. 
 Fourth Column Number of cords of wood 
 
 in the tree, given in cords and hundredths. 
 Fifth Column Number of ties in tree, tie 
 
 7 by 9 inches, and 8 feet long. 
 123 4523 45 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 & 
 
 3 
 
 P 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 .14 
 
 120 
 
 .17 
 
 2 
 
 .15 
 
 140 
 
 .20 
 
 4 
 
 .14 
 
 240 
 
 .34 
 
 4 
 
 .15 
 
 280 
 
 .40 
 
 8 
 
 .14 
 
 360 
 
 .51 
 
 6 
 
 .15 
 
 420 
 
 .60 
 
 12 
 
 .14 
 
 480 
 
 .68 
 
 8 
 
 .15 
 
 560 
 
 .80 
 
 16 
 
 .13 
 
 600 
 
 .85 
 
 10 
 
 .14 
 
 700 
 
 1.00 
 
 20 
 
 .13 
 
 720 
 
 1.02 
 
 12 
 
 .14 
 
 840 
 
 1.20 
 
 24 
 
 .13 
 
 840 
 
 1.19 
 
 14 
 
 .14 
 
 980 
 
 1.40 
 
 28 
 
 .12 
 
 960 
 
 1.36 
 
 16 
 
 .13 
 
 1120 
 
 1.60 
 
 32 
 
 .12 
 
 1080 
 
 1.53 
 
 18 
 
 .12 
 
 1260 
 
 1.80 
 
 36 
 
 .11 
 
 1200 
 
 1.70 
 
 20 
 
 .12 
 
 1400 
 
 2.00 
 
 40 
 
 .11 
 
 1320 
 
 1.87 
 
 22 
 
 .12 
 
 1540 
 
 2.20 
 
 44 
 
 .10 
 
 1440 
 
 2.04 
 
 24 
 
 .11 
 
 1680 
 
 2.40 
 
 48 
 
 
 8.33 
 
 
 
 
 7.14 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 Dia 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 | 
 
 a 
 
 I 
 
 H 
 
 i 
 
 .16 
 
 160 
 
 .22 
 
 4 
 
 .17 
 
 190 
 
 .25 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 .16 
 
 320 
 
 .44 
 
 8 
 
 .17 
 
 380 
 
 .50 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 .16 
 
 480 
 
 .66 
 
 12 
 
 .17 
 
 570 
 
 .75 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 .16 
 
 640 
 
 .88 
 
 16 
 
 .17 
 
 760 
 
 1.00 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 .15 
 
 800 
 
 1.10 
 
 20 
 
 .16 
 
 950 
 
 1.25 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 .15 
 
 960 
 
 1.32 
 
 24 
 
 .16 
 
 1140 
 
 1.50 
 
 24 
 
 7 
 
 .14 
 
 1120 
 
 1.54 
 
 28 
 
 .15 
 
 1330 
 
 1.75 
 
 28 
 
 8 
 
 .14 
 
 1280 
 
 1.76 
 
 32 
 
 .15 
 
 1520 
 
 2.00 
 
 32 
 
 9 
 
 .13 
 
 1440 
 
 1.98 
 
 36 
 
 .14 
 
 1710 
 
 2.25 
 
 36 
 
 10 
 
 .13 
 
 1600 
 
 2.20 
 
 40 
 
 .14 
 
 1900 
 
 2.50 
 
 40 
 
 11 
 
 .12 
 
 1760 
 
 2.42 
 
 44 
 
 .13 
 
 2090 
 
 2.75 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 .12 
 
 1920 
 
 2.64 
 
 48 
 
 .12 
 
 2280 
 
 3.00 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 6.25 
 
 
 
 
 5.26 
 
 
 
First ColumnNumber of 16 feet logs in the tree 
 
 Second Column Diameter of tree, in bold 
 
 face figures, at mean height, with reading 
 
 of Folding Scale in inches, and hundredths 
 
 underneath it. 
 
 Third Column Number of feet B. M. in the 
 1234523 45 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 18 
 
 I 
 
 l 
 
 8 
 
 P 
 
 Dia 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 -H 
 3 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 .18 
 
 220 
 
 .28 
 
 4 
 
 .19 
 
 250 
 
 .31 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 .18 
 
 440 
 
 .56 
 
 8 
 
 .19 
 
 500 
 
 .62 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 .18 
 
 660 
 
 .84 
 
 12 
 
 .19 
 
 750 
 
 .93 
 
 18 
 
 4 
 
 .18 
 
 880 
 
 1.12 
 
 16 
 
 .19 
 
 1000 
 
 1.24 
 
 24 
 
 5 
 
 .17 
 
 1100 
 
 1.40 
 
 20 
 
 .18 
 
 1250 
 
 1.55 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 .17 
 
 1320 
 
 1.68 
 
 ?,4 
 
 .18 
 
 1500 
 
 1.86 
 
 36 
 
 7 
 
 .16 
 
 1540 
 
 1.96 
 
 28 
 
 .17 
 
 1750 
 
 2.17 
 
 42 
 
 8 
 
 .16 
 
 1760 
 
 2.24 
 
 32 
 
 .17 
 
 2000 
 
 2.48 
 
 48 
 
 9 
 
 .15 
 
 1980 
 
 2.52 
 
 36 
 
 .16 
 
 2250 
 
 2.79 
 
 54 
 
 10 
 
 .14 
 
 2200 
 
 2.80 
 
 40 
 
 .15 
 
 2500 
 
 3.10 
 
 60 
 
 11 
 
 .14 
 
 2420 
 
 3.08 
 
 44 
 
 .15 
 
 2750 
 
 3.41 
 
 66 
 
 12 
 
 .13 
 
 2640 
 
 3.36 
 
 48 
 
 14 
 
 3000 
 
 3.72 
 
 72 
 
 
 
 4.55 
 
 
 
 
 4.00 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 21 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 .20 
 
 280 
 
 .35 
 
 6 
 
 .21 
 
 310 
 
 .38 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 .20 
 
 560 
 
 .70 
 
 12 
 
 .21 
 
 620 
 
 .76 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 .20 
 
 840 
 
 1.05 
 
 18 
 
 .21 
 
 930 
 
 1.14 
 
 24 
 
 4 
 
 .20 
 
 1120 
 
 1.40 
 
 24 
 
 .21 
 
 1240 
 
 1.52 
 
 32 
 
 5 
 
 .19 
 
 1400 
 
 1.75 
 
 30 
 
 .20 
 
 1550 
 
 1.90 
 
 40 
 
 6 
 
 .19 
 
 1680 
 
 2.10 
 
 36 
 
 .20 
 
 1860 
 
 2.28 
 
 48 
 
 7 
 
 .18 
 
 1960 
 
 2.45 
 
 42 
 
 .19 
 
 2170 
 
 2.66 
 
 56 
 
 8 
 
 .17 
 
 2240 
 
 2.80 
 
 48 
 
 .18 
 
 2480 
 
 3.04 
 
 64 
 
 9 
 
 .17 
 
 2520 
 
 3.15 
 
 54 
 
 .18 
 
 2790 
 
 3.42 
 
 72 
 
 10 
 
 .16 
 
 2800 
 
 3.50 
 
 60 
 
 .17 
 
 3100 
 
 3.80 
 
 80 
 
 11 
 
 .15 
 
 3080 
 
 3.85 
 
 66 
 
 .16 
 
 3410 
 
 4.18 
 
 88 
 
 12 
 
 .15 
 
 3360 
 
 4.20 
 
 72 
 
 .15 
 
 3720 
 
 4.56 
 
 96 
 
 
 
 3.57 
 
 
 
 
 3.23 
 
 
 
tree with number of logs per M., given 
 
 in logs and hundredths, underneath it. 
 Fourth Column Number of cords of wood 
 
 in the tree, given in cords and hundredths. 
 Fifth Column Number of ties in tree, tie, 
 
 7 by 9 inches, and 8 feet long. 
 1234523 45 
 
 Dia 
 22 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 03 
 
 .2 
 
 Dia 
 23 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 .8 
 
 .22 
 
 340 
 
 .42 
 
 8 
 
 .23 
 
 380 
 
 .46 
 
 8 
 
 .22 
 
 680 
 
 .84 
 
 16 
 
 .23 
 
 760 
 
 .92 
 
 16 
 
 .22 
 
 1020 
 
 1.26 
 
 24 
 
 .23 
 
 1140 
 
 1.38 
 
 24 
 
 .22 
 
 1360 
 
 1.68 
 
 32 
 
 .23 
 
 1520 
 
 1.84 
 
 32 
 
 .21 
 
 1700 
 
 2.10 
 
 40 
 
 .22 
 
 1900 
 
 2.30 
 
 40 
 
 .21 
 
 2040 
 
 2.52 
 
 48 
 
 .21 
 
 2280 
 
 2.76 
 
 48 
 
 .20 
 
 2380 
 
 2.94 
 
 56 
 
 .21 
 
 2660 
 
 3.22 
 
 56 
 
 .19 
 
 2720 
 
 3.36 
 
 64 
 
 .20 
 
 3040 
 
 3.68 
 
 64 
 
 .18 
 
 3060 
 
 3.78 
 
 72 
 
 .19 
 
 3420 
 
 4.14 
 
 72 
 
 .18 
 
 3400 
 
 4.20 
 
 80 
 
 .18 
 
 3800 
 
 4.60 
 
 80 
 
 .17 
 
 3740 
 
 4.62 
 
 88 
 
 .18 
 
 4180 
 
 5.06 
 
 88 
 
 .16 
 
 4080 
 
 5.04 
 
 96 
 
 .17 
 
 4560 
 
 5.52 
 
 96 
 
 
 2.94 
 
 
 
 
 2.63 
 
 
 
 Dia 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 S 
 
 H 
 
 Dia 
 25 
 
 f 
 
 I 
 
 8 
 H 
 
 .24 
 
 410 
 
 .50 
 
 10 
 
 .25 
 
 450 
 
 .54 
 
 10 
 
 .24 
 
 820 
 
 1.00 
 
 20 
 
 .25 
 
 900 
 
 1.08 
 
 20 
 
 .24 
 
 1230 
 
 1.50 
 
 30 
 
 .25 
 
 1350 
 
 1.62 
 
 30 
 
 .24 
 
 1640 
 
 2.00 
 
 40 
 
 .25 
 
 1800 
 
 2.16 
 
 40 
 
 .23 
 
 2050 
 
 2.50 
 
 50 
 
 .24 
 
 2250 
 
 2.70 
 
 50 
 
 .22 
 
 2460 
 
 3.00 
 
 60 
 
 .23 
 
 2700 
 
 3.24 
 
 60 
 
 .22 
 
 2870 
 
 3.50 
 
 70 
 
 .23 
 
 3150 
 
 3.78 
 
 70 
 
 .21 
 
 3280 
 
 4.00 
 
 80 
 
 .22 
 
 3600 
 
 4.32 
 
 80 
 
 .20 
 
 3690 
 
 4.50 
 
 90 
 
 .21 
 
 4050 
 
 4.86 
 
 90 
 
 .19 
 
 4100 
 
 5.00 
 
 100 
 
 .20 
 
 4500 
 
 5.40 
 
 100 
 
 .18 
 
 4510 
 
 5.50 
 
 1.10 
 
 .1.9 
 
 4950 
 
 5.94 
 
 110 
 
 .18 
 
 4920 
 
 6.00 
 
 120 
 
 .18 
 
 5400 
 
 6.48 
 
 120 
 
 
 2.44 
 
 
 
 
 2.22 
 
 
 
First Column N umber of 16 feet logs in the tree 
 
 Second Column Diameter of tree, in bold 
 
 face figures, at mean height, with reading 
 
 of Folding Scale in inches, and hundredths 
 
 underneath it. 
 
 Third Column Number of feet B. M. in the 
 123 4523 45 
 
 g 
 
 
 J 
 
 "g 
 
 " 
 
 
 "S 
 
 "2 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 Dia 
 26 
 
 i 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Dia 
 27 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 cu 
 
 1 
 
 .26 
 
 490 
 
 .59 
 
 10 
 
 .27 
 
 530 
 
 .63 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 .26 
 
 980 
 
 1.18 
 
 20 
 
 .27 
 
 1060 
 
 1.26 
 
 24 
 
 3 
 
 .26 
 
 1470 
 
 1.77 
 
 30 
 
 .27 
 
 1590 
 
 1.89 
 
 36 
 
 4 
 
 .26 
 
 1960 
 
 2.36 
 
 40 
 
 .27 
 
 2120 
 
 2.52 
 
 48 
 
 5 
 
 .25 
 
 2450 
 
 2.95 
 
 50 
 
 .26 
 
 2650 
 
 3.15 
 
 60 
 
 6 
 
 .24 
 
 2940 
 
 3.54 
 
 60 
 
 .25 
 
 3180 
 
 3.78 
 
 72 
 
 7 
 
 .23 
 
 3430 
 
 4.13 
 
 70 
 
 .24 
 
 3710 
 
 4.41 
 
 84 
 
 8 
 
 .23 
 
 3920 
 
 4.72 
 
 80 
 
 .23 
 
 4240 
 
 5.04 
 
 96 
 
 9 
 
 .22 
 
 4410 
 
 5.31 
 
 90 
 
 .22 
 
 4770 
 
 5.67 
 
 108 
 
 10 
 
 .21 
 
 4900 
 
 5.90 
 
 100 
 
 .22 
 
 5300 
 
 6.30 
 
 120 
 
 11 
 
 .20 
 
 5390 
 
 6.49 
 
 110 
 
 .21 
 
 5830 
 
 6.93 
 
 132 
 
 12 
 
 .19 
 
 5880 
 
 7.08 
 
 120 
 
 .20 
 
 6360 
 
 7.56 
 
 144 
 
 
 
 2.04 
 
 
 
 
 1.89 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 t_i 
 o 
 
 S 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 "H 
 
 o 
 
 g 
 
 J 
 
 28 
 
 fe 
 
 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 fe 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 1 
 
 .28 
 
 570 
 
 .68 
 
 12 
 
 .29 
 
 610 
 
 .73 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 .28 
 
 1140 
 
 1.36 
 
 24 
 
 .29 
 
 1220 
 
 1.46 
 
 24 
 
 3 
 
 .28 
 
 1710 
 
 2.04 
 
 36 
 
 .29 
 
 1830 
 
 2.19 
 
 36 
 
 4 
 
 .28 
 
 2280 j 2.72 
 
 48 
 
 .29 
 
 2440 
 
 2.92 
 
 48 
 
 5 
 
 .27 
 
 28501 3.40 
 
 60 
 
 .28 
 
 3050 
 
 3.65 
 
 60 
 
 6 
 
 .26 
 
 3420 
 
 4.08 
 
 72 
 
 .27 
 
 3660 
 
 4.38 
 
 72 
 
 7 
 
 .25 
 
 3990 
 
 4.76 
 
 84 
 
 .26 
 
 4270 
 
 5.11 
 
 84 
 
 8 
 
 .24 
 
 4560 
 
 5.44 
 
 96 
 
 .25 
 
 4880 
 
 5.84 
 
 96 
 
 9 
 
 .23 
 
 5130 
 
 6.12 
 
 108 
 
 .24 
 
 5490 
 
 6.57 
 
 108 
 
 10 
 
 .22 
 
 5700 
 
 6.80 
 
 120 
 
 .23 
 
 6100 
 
 7.30 
 
 120 
 
 11 
 
 .22 
 
 6270 
 
 7.48 
 
 132 
 
 .22 
 
 6710 
 
 8.03 
 
 132 
 
 12 
 
 .21 
 
 6840 
 
 8.16 
 
 144 
 
 .21 
 
 7320 
 
 8.76 
 
 144 
 
 
 
 1.75 
 
 
 
 
 1.64 
 
 
 
 10 
 
tree, with number of logs per M., given 
 
 in logs and hundredths, underneath it. 
 Fourth Column Number of cords of wood 
 
 in the tree, given in cords and hundredths. 
 Fifth Column Number of ties in tree, tie 
 
 7 by 9 inches, and 8 feet long. 
 123452345 
 
 Dia 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 31 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 .30 
 
 660 
 
 .78 
 
 14 
 
 .31 
 
 700 
 
 .83 
 
 14 
 
 .30 
 
 1320 
 
 1.56 
 
 28 
 
 .31 
 
 1400 
 
 1.66 
 
 28 
 
 .30 
 
 1980 
 
 2.34 
 
 42 
 
 .31 
 
 2100 
 
 2.49 
 
 42 
 
 .30 
 
 2640 
 
 3.12 
 
 56 
 
 .31 
 
 2800 
 
 3.32 
 
 56 
 
 .29 
 
 3300 
 
 3.90 
 
 70 
 
 .30 
 
 3500 
 
 4.15 
 
 70 
 
 .28 
 
 3960 
 
 4.68 
 
 84 
 
 .29 
 
 4200 
 
 4.98 
 
 84 
 
 .27 
 
 4620 
 
 5.46 
 
 98 
 
 .28 
 
 4900 
 
 5.81 
 
 98 
 
 .26 
 
 5280 
 
 6.24 
 
 112 
 
 .27 
 
 5600 
 
 6.64 
 
 112 
 
 .25 
 
 5940 
 
 7.02 
 
 126 
 
 .26 
 
 6300 
 
 7.47 
 
 126 
 
 .24 
 
 6600 
 
 7.80 
 
 140 
 
 .25 
 
 7000 
 
 8.30 
 
 140 
 
 .23 
 
 7260 
 
 8.58 
 
 154 
 
 .24 
 
 7700 
 
 9.13 
 
 154 
 
 .22 
 
 7920 
 
 9.36 
 
 168 
 
 .23 
 
 8400 
 
 9.96 
 
 168 
 
 
 1.52 
 
 
 
 
 1.43 
 
 
 
 | 
 
 Dia 
 32 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 
 P 
 
 Dia 
 33 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 H 
 
 1 
 
 .32 
 
 750 
 
 .89 
 
 16 
 
 .33 
 
 800 
 
 .95 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 .32 
 
 1500 
 
 1.78 
 
 32 
 
 .33 
 
 1600 
 
 1.90 
 
 40 
 
 3 
 
 .32 
 
 2250 
 
 2.67 
 
 48 
 
 .33 
 
 2400 
 
 2.85 
 
 60 
 
 4 
 
 .32 
 
 3000 
 
 3.56 
 
 64 
 
 .33 
 
 3200 
 
 3.80 
 
 80 
 
 5 
 
 .31 
 
 3750 
 
 4.45 
 
 80 
 
 .32 
 
 4000 
 
 4.75 
 
 100 
 
 6 
 
 .30 
 
 4500 
 
 5.34 
 
 96 
 
 .31 
 
 4800 
 
 5.70 
 
 120 
 
 7 
 
 .29 
 
 5250 
 
 6.23 
 
 112 
 
 .30 
 
 5600 
 
 6.65 
 
 140 
 
 8 
 
 .28 
 
 6000 
 
 7.12 
 
 128 
 
 .29 
 
 6400 
 
 7.60 
 
 160 
 
 9 
 
 .27 
 
 6750 
 
 8.01 
 
 144 
 
 .27 
 
 7200 
 
 8.55 
 
 180 
 
 10 
 
 .26 
 
 7500 
 
 8.90 
 
 160 
 
 .26 
 
 8000 
 
 9.50 
 
 200 
 
 11 
 
 .25 
 
 8250 
 
 9.79 
 
 176 
 
 .25 
 
 8800 
 
 10.45 
 
 220 
 
 12 
 
 .24 
 
 9000 
 
 10.68 
 
 192 
 
 .24 
 
 9600 
 
 11.40 
 
 240 
 
 
 
 1 .33 
 
 
 
 
 1.25 
 
 
 
 11 
 
First Column Number of 16 feet logs in the tree 
 
 Second Column Diameter of tree, in bold 
 
 face figures, at mean height, with reading 
 
 of Folding Scale in inches, and hundredths 
 
 underneath it. 
 
 Third Column Number of feet B. M. in the 
 
 
 TO 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 34 
 
 1 
 E* 
 
 1 
 
 .8 
 
 Dia 
 35 
 
 I 
 
 Si 
 
 "2 
 
 3 
 
 .8 
 
 1 
 
 .34 
 
 850 
 
 1.00 
 
 20 
 
 .35 
 
 900 
 
 1.06 
 
 24 
 
 2 
 
 .34 
 
 1700 
 
 2.00 
 
 40 
 
 .35 
 
 1800 
 
 2.12 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 .34 
 
 2550 
 
 3.00 
 
 60 
 
 .35 
 
 2700 
 
 3,18 
 
 72 
 
 4 
 
 .34 
 
 3400 
 
 4.00 
 
 80 
 
 .35 
 
 3600 
 
 4.24 
 
 96 
 
 5 
 
 .33 
 
 4250 
 
 5.00 
 
 100 
 
 .34 
 
 4500 
 
 5.30 
 
 120 
 
 6 
 
 .32 
 
 5100 
 
 6.00 
 
 120 
 
 .33 
 
 5400 
 
 6.36 
 
 144 
 
 7 
 
 .31 
 
 5950 
 
 7.00 
 
 140 
 
 .32 
 
 6300 
 
 7.42 
 
 168 
 
 8 
 
 .30 
 
 6800 
 
 8.00 
 
 160 
 
 .30 
 
 7200 
 
 8.48 
 
 192 
 
 9 
 
 .28 
 
 7650 
 
 9.00 
 
 180 
 
 .29 
 
 8100 
 
 9.54 
 
 216 
 
 10 
 
 .27 
 
 8500 
 
 10.00 
 
 200 
 
 .28 
 
 9000 
 
 10.60 
 
 240 
 
 11 
 
 .26 
 
 9350 
 
 11.00 
 
 220 
 
 .27 
 
 9900 
 
 11.66 
 
 264 
 
 12 
 
 .25 
 
 10200 
 
 12.00 
 
 240 
 
 .26 
 
 10800 
 
 12.72 
 
 288 
 
 
 
 1.18 
 
 
 
 
 1.11 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 n 
 
 8 
 
 Dia 
 
 i 
 
 g 
 
 .8 
 
 2 
 
 36 
 
 
 6 
 
 EH 
 
 37 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 i 
 
 .36 
 
 950 
 
 1.12 
 
 24 
 
 .37 
 
 1010 
 
 1.19 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 .36 
 
 1900 
 
 2.25 
 
 48 
 
 .37 
 
 2020 
 
 2.38 
 
 56 
 
 3 
 
 .36 
 
 2850 
 
 3.37 
 
 72 
 
 .37 
 
 3030 
 
 3.57 
 
 84 
 
 4 
 
 .36 
 
 3800 
 
 4.50 
 
 96 
 
 .37 
 
 4040 
 
 4.76 
 
 112 
 
 5 
 
 .35 
 
 4750 
 
 5.62 
 
 120 
 
 .36 
 
 5050 
 
 5.95 
 
 140 
 
 6 
 
 .34 
 
 5700 
 
 6.75 
 
 144 
 
 .35 
 
 6060 
 
 7.14 
 
 168 
 
 7 
 
 .32 
 
 6650 
 
 7.87 
 
 168 
 
 .33 
 
 7070 
 
 8.33 
 
 196 
 
 8 
 
 .31 
 
 7600 
 
 9.00 
 
 192 
 
 .32 
 
 8080 
 
 9.52 
 
 224 
 
 9 
 
 .30 
 
 8550 
 
 10.12 
 
 216 
 
 .31 
 
 9090 
 
 10.71 
 
 252 
 
 10 
 
 .29 
 
 9500 
 
 11.25 
 
 240 
 
 .30 
 
 10100 
 
 11.90 
 
 280 
 
 11 
 
 .28 
 
 10450 
 
 12.37 
 
 264 
 
 .28 
 
 11110 
 
 13.09 
 
 308 
 
 12 
 
 .26 
 
 11400 
 
 13.50 
 
 288 
 
 .27 
 
 12120 
 
 14.28 
 
 336 
 
 
 
 1.05 
 
 
 
 
 1.00 
 
 
 
 12 
 
tree with number of logs per M., given 
 
 in logs and hundredths, underneath it. 
 Fourth Column Number of cords of wood 
 
 in the tree, given in cords and hundredths. 
 Fifth Column Number of ties in tree, tie 
 
 7 by 9 inches, and 8 feet long. 
 123 4523 45 
 
 bil 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 
 s 
 
 Dia 
 
 
 TJ 
 g 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 38 
 
 hi 
 
 8 
 
 EH 
 
 39 
 
 Feet 
 
 o 
 
 H 
 
 1 
 
 .38 
 
 1060 
 
 1.25 
 
 28 
 
 .39 
 
 1120 
 
 1.32 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 .38 
 
 2120 
 
 2.50 
 
 56 
 
 .39 
 
 2240 
 
 2.64 
 
 56 
 
 3 
 
 .38 
 
 3180 
 
 3.75 
 
 84 
 
 .39 
 
 3360 
 
 3.96 
 
 84 
 
 4 
 
 .38 
 
 4240 
 
 5.00 
 
 112 
 
 .39 
 
 4480 
 
 5.28 
 
 112 
 
 5 
 
 .37 
 
 5300 
 
 6.25 
 
 140 
 
 .37 
 
 5600 
 
 6.60 
 
 140 
 
 6 
 
 .35 
 
 6360 
 
 7.50 
 
 168 
 
 .36 
 
 6720 
 
 7.92 
 
 168 
 
 7 
 
 .34 
 
 7420 
 
 8.75 
 
 196 
 
 .35 
 
 7840 
 
 9.24 
 
 196 
 
 8 
 
 .33 
 
 8480 
 
 10.00 
 
 224 
 
 .34 
 
 8960 
 
 10.56 
 
 224 
 
 9 
 
 .32 
 
 9540 
 
 11.25 
 
 252 
 
 .32 
 
 10080 
 
 11.88 
 
 252 
 
 10 
 
 .30 
 
 10600 
 
 12.50 
 
 280 
 
 .31 
 
 11200 
 
 13.20 
 
 280 
 
 11 
 
 .29 
 
 11660 
 
 13.75 
 
 308 
 
 .30 
 
 12320 
 
 14.52 
 
 308 
 
 12 
 
 .28 
 
 12720 
 
 15.00 
 
 336 
 
 .29 
 
 13440 
 
 15.84 
 
 336 
 
 
 
 .94 
 
 
 
 
 .89 
 
 
 
 Dia 
 40 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 .8 
 
 Dia 
 41 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 .40 
 
 1190 
 
 1.39 
 
 28 
 
 .41 
 
 1250 
 
 1.46 
 
 32 
 
 .40 
 
 2380 
 
 2.78 
 
 56 
 
 .41 
 
 2500 
 
 2.92 
 
 64 
 
 .40 
 
 3570 
 
 4.17 
 
 84 
 
 .41 
 
 3750 
 
 4.38 
 
 96 
 
 .40 
 
 4760 
 
 5.56 
 
 112 
 
 .41 
 
 5000 
 
 5.84 
 
 128 
 
 .38 
 
 5950 
 
 6.95 
 
 140 
 
 .39 
 
 6250 
 
 7.30 
 
 160 
 
 .37 
 
 7140 
 
 8.34 
 
 168 
 
 .38 
 
 7500 
 
 8.76 
 
 192 
 
 .36 
 
 8330 
 
 9.73 
 
 196 
 
 .37 
 
 8750 
 
 10.22 
 
 224 
 
 .35 
 
 9520 
 
 11.12 
 
 224 
 
 .36 
 
 10000 
 
 11.68 
 
 256 
 
 .33 
 
 10710 
 
 12.51 
 
 252 
 
 .34 
 
 11250 
 
 13.14 
 
 288 
 
 .32 
 
 11900 
 
 13.90 
 
 280 
 
 .33 
 
 12500 
 
 14.60 
 
 320 
 
 .31 
 
 13090 
 
 15.29 
 
 308 
 
 .32 
 
 13750 
 
 16.06 
 
 352 
 
 .29 
 
 14280 
 
 16.68 
 
 336 
 
 .30 
 
 15000 
 
 17.52 
 
 384 
 
 
 .84 
 
 
 
 
 .80 
 
 
 
 13 
 
First Column Number of 1 6 feet logs in the tree 
 
 Second Column Diameter of tree, in bold 
 
 face figures, at mean height, with reading 
 
 of Folding Scale in inches, and hundredths 
 
 underneath it. 
 
 Third Column Number of feet B. M. in the 
 123 452345 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 | 
 
 s 
 
 Dia 
 
 o> 
 
 2 
 
 j 
 
 >3 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 P 
 
 43 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 P 
 
 i 
 
 .42 
 
 1310 
 
 1.53 
 
 32 
 
 .43 
 
 1380 
 
 1.60 
 
 32 
 
 2 
 
 .42 
 
 2620 
 
 3.06 
 
 64 
 
 .43 
 
 2760 
 
 3.20 
 
 64 
 
 3 
 
 .42 
 
 3930 
 
 4.59 
 
 96 
 
 .43 
 
 4140 
 
 4.80 
 
 96 
 
 4 
 
 .42 
 
 5240 
 
 6.12 
 
 128 
 
 .43 
 
 5520 
 
 6.40 
 
 128 
 
 5 
 
 .40 
 
 6550 
 
 7.65 
 
 160 
 
 .41 
 
 6900 
 
 8.00 
 
 160 
 
 6 
 
 .39 
 
 7860 
 
 9.18 
 
 192 
 
 .40 
 
 8280 
 
 9.60 
 
 192 
 
 7 
 
 .38 
 
 9170 
 
 10.71 
 
 224 
 
 .39 
 
 9660 
 
 11.20 
 
 224 
 
 8 
 
 .37 
 
 10480 
 
 12.24 
 
 256 
 
 .37 
 
 11040 
 
 12.80 
 
 256 
 
 9 
 
 .35 
 
 11790 
 
 13.77 
 
 288 
 
 .36 
 
 12420 
 
 14.40 
 
 288 
 
 10 
 
 .34 
 
 13100 
 
 15.30 
 
 320 
 
 .34 
 
 13800 
 
 16.00 
 
 320 
 
 11 
 
 .32 
 
 14410 
 
 16.83 
 
 352 
 
 .33 
 
 15180 
 
 17.60 
 
 352 
 
 12 
 
 .31 
 
 15720 
 
 18.36 
 
 384 
 
 .32 
 
 16560 
 
 19.20 
 
 384 
 
 
 
 .76 
 
 
 
 
 .72 
 
 
 
 05 
 % 
 
 Dia 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 44 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 45 
 
 6t 
 
 5 
 
 P 
 
 1 
 
 .44 
 
 1450 
 
 1.68 
 
 36 
 
 .45 
 
 1510 
 
 1.76 
 
 36 
 
 2 
 
 .44 
 
 2900 
 
 3.36 
 
 72 
 
 .45 
 
 3020 
 
 3.52 
 
 72 
 
 3 
 
 .44 
 
 4350 
 
 5.04 
 
 108 
 
 .45 
 
 4530 
 
 5.28 
 
 108 
 
 4 
 
 .44 
 
 5800 
 
 6.72 
 
 144 
 
 .45 
 
 6040 
 
 7.04 
 
 144 
 
 5 
 
 .42 
 
 7250! 8.40 
 
 180 
 
 .43 
 
 7550 
 
 8.80 
 
 180 
 
 6 
 
 .41 
 
 8700 
 
 10.08 
 
 216 
 
 .42 
 
 9060 
 
 10.56 
 
 216 
 
 7 
 
 .40 
 
 10150 
 
 11.76 
 
 252 
 
 .41 
 
 10570 
 
 12.32 
 
 252 
 
 8 
 
 .38 
 
 11600 
 
 13.44 
 
 288 
 
 .39 
 
 12080 
 
 14.08 
 
 288 
 
 9 
 
 .37 
 
 13050 
 
 15.12 
 
 324 
 
 .37 
 
 13590 
 
 15.84 
 
 324 
 
 10 
 
 .35 
 
 14500 
 
 16.80 
 
 360 
 
 .36 
 
 15100 
 
 17.60 
 
 360 
 
 11 
 
 .34 
 
 15950 
 
 18.48 
 
 396 
 
 .35 
 
 16610 
 
 19.36 
 
 396 
 
 12 
 
 .32 
 
 17400 
 
 20.16 
 
 432 
 
 .33 
 
 18120 
 
 21.12 
 
 432 
 
 
 
 .69 
 
 
 
 
 .66 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
tree, with number of logs per M., given 
 
 in logs and hundredths, underneath it. 
 Fourth Column Number of cords of wood 
 
 in the tree, given in cords and hundredths. 
 Fifth Column Number of ties in tree, tie 
 
 7 by 9 inches, and 8 feet long. 
 123 4523 45 
 
 w. 
 
 Oh 
 
 1 
 
 | 
 
 1 
 
 Din 
 
 I 
 
 n 
 
 B 
 
 3 
 
 46 
 
 & 
 
 O 
 
 H 
 
 47 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 H 
 
 1 
 
 .46 
 
 1580 
 
 1.84 
 
 36 
 
 .47 
 
 1650 
 
 1.92 
 
 36 
 
 2 
 
 .46 
 
 3160 
 
 3.68 
 
 72 
 
 .47 
 
 3300 
 
 3.84 
 
 72 
 
 3 
 
 .46 
 
 4740 
 
 5.52 
 
 108 
 
 .47 
 
 4950 
 
 5.76 
 
 108 
 
 4 
 
 .46 
 
 6320 
 
 7.36 
 
 144 
 
 .47 
 
 6600 
 
 7.68 
 
 144 
 
 6 
 
 .44 
 
 7900 
 
 9.20 
 
 180 
 
 .45 
 
 8250 
 
 9.60 
 
 180 
 
 6 
 
 .43 
 
 9480 
 
 11.04 
 
 216 
 
 .44 
 
 9900 
 
 11.52 
 
 216 
 
 7 
 
 .41 
 
 11060 
 
 12.88 
 
 252 
 
 .42 
 
 11550 
 
 13.44 
 
 252 
 
 8 
 
 .40 
 
 12640 
 
 14.72 
 
 288 
 
 .41 
 
 13200 
 
 15.36 
 
 288 
 
 9 
 
 .38 
 
 14220 
 
 16.56 
 
 324 
 
 .39 
 
 14850 
 
 17.28 
 
 324 
 
 10 
 
 .37 
 
 15800 
 
 18.40 
 
 360 
 
 .38 
 
 16500 
 
 19.20 
 
 360 
 
 11 
 
 .35 
 
 17380 
 
 20.24 
 
 396 
 
 .36 
 
 18150 
 
 21.12 
 
 396 
 
 12 
 
 .34 
 
 18960 
 
 22.08 
 
 432 
 
 .35 
 
 19800 
 
 23.04 
 
 432 
 
 
 
 .63 
 
 
 
 
 .61 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 
 1 
 
 VI 
 0> 
 
 Dia 
 
 I 
 
 | 
 
 i 
 
 3 
 
 48 
 
 
 | 
 
 5 
 
 H 
 
 49 
 
 fe 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 i 
 
 .48 
 
 1720 
 
 2.00 
 
 40 
 
 .49 
 
 1800 
 
 2.08 
 
 40 
 
 2 
 
 .48 
 
 3440 
 
 4.00 
 
 80 
 
 .49 
 
 3600 
 
 4.16 
 
 80 
 
 3 
 
 .48 
 
 5160 
 
 6.00 
 
 120 
 
 .49 
 
 5400 
 
 6.24 
 
 120 
 
 4 
 
 .48 
 
 6880 
 
 8.00 
 
 160 
 
 .49 
 
 7200 
 
 8.32 
 
 160 
 
 5 
 
 .46 
 
 8600 
 
 10.00 
 
 200 
 
 .47 
 
 9000 
 
 10.40 
 
 200 
 
 6 
 
 .45 
 
 10320 
 
 12.00 
 
 240 
 
 .46 
 
 10800 
 
 12.48 
 
 240 
 
 7 
 
 .43 
 
 12040 
 
 14.00 
 
 280 
 
 .44 
 
 12600 
 
 14.56 
 
 280 
 
 8 
 
 .42 
 
 13760 
 
 16.00 
 
 320 
 
 .43 
 
 14400 
 
 16.64 
 
 320 
 
 9 
 
 .40 
 
 15480 
 
 18.00 
 
 360 
 
 .41 
 
 16200 
 
 18.72 
 
 360 
 
 10 
 
 .38 
 
 17200 
 
 20.00 
 
 400 
 
 .39 
 
 18000 
 
 20.80 
 
 400 
 
 11 
 
 .37 
 
 18920 
 
 22.00 
 
 440 
 
 .38 
 
 19800 
 
 22.88 
 
 440 
 
 12 
 
 .35 
 
 20640 
 
 24.00 
 
 480 
 
 .36 
 
 21600 
 
 24.96 
 
 480 
 
 
 
 .58 
 
 
 
 
 .56 
 
 
 
First Column Number of 16 feet logs in the tree 
 Second Column Diameter of tree, in bold 
 
 face figures, at mean height, with reading 
 
 of Folding Scale in inches, and hundredths 
 
 underneath it. 
 Third Column Number of feet B. M. in the 
 
 tree, with number of logs per M., given 
 
 in logs and hundredths, underneath it. 
 Fourth Column Number of cords of wood 
 
 in the tree, given in cords and hundredths. 
 Fifth Column Number of ties in tree, tie 
 
 7 by 9 inches, and 8 feet long. 
 123 45 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 50 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 .50 
 
 1870 
 
 2.17 
 
 44 
 
 
 2 
 
 .50 
 
 3740 
 
 4.34 
 
 88 
 
 
 3 
 
 .50 
 
 5610 
 
 6.51 
 
 132 
 
 
 4 
 
 .50 
 
 7480 
 
 8.68 
 
 176 
 
 
 5 
 
 .48 
 
 9350 
 
 10.85 
 
 220 
 
 
 6 
 
 .47 
 
 11220 
 
 13.02 
 
 264 
 
 
 7 
 
 .45 
 
 13090 
 
 15.19 
 
 308 
 
 
 8 
 
 .43 
 
 14960 
 
 17.36 
 
 352 
 
 
 9 
 
 .42 
 
 16830 
 
 19.53 
 
 396 
 
 
 10 
 
 .40 
 
 18700 
 
 21.70 
 
 440 
 
 
 11 
 
 .38 
 
 20570 
 
 23.87 
 
 484 
 
 
 12 
 
 .37 
 
 22440 
 
 26.04 
 
 528 
 
 
 
 
 .53 
 
 
 
 
 1C 
 
it Column Number of 16 feet logs in the tree 
 Second Column Diameter of tree, in bold 
 face figures, at mean height, with reading 
 of Folding Scale in inches, and hundredths 
 underneath it. 
 
 Third Column Number of feet B. M. in the 
 tree, with number of logs per M., given 
 in logs and hundredths, underneath it. 
 12 32 32 3 2 3 
 
 Si 
 
 Dia 
 
 
 
 Dia 
 
 $ 
 
 Dia 
 
 0> 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 51 
 
 fe 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 53 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 fe 
 
 i 
 
 .51 
 
 1950 
 
 .52 
 
 2030 
 
 .53 
 
 2100 
 
 .54 
 
 2180 
 
 2 
 
 .51 
 
 3900 
 
 .52 
 
 4060 
 
 .53 
 
 4200 
 
 .54 
 
 4360 
 
 3 
 
 .51 
 
 5850 
 
 .52 
 
 6090 
 
 .53 
 
 6300 
 
 .54 
 
 6540 
 
 4 
 
 .51 
 
 7800 
 
 .52 
 
 8120 
 
 .53 
 
 8400 
 
 .54 
 
 8720 
 
 5 
 
 .49 
 
 9750 
 
 .50 
 
 10150 
 
 .51 
 
 10500 
 
 .52 
 
 10900 
 
 6 
 
 .48 
 
 11700 
 
 .49112180 
 
 .50 
 
 12600 
 
 .50 
 
 13080 
 
 7 
 
 .46 
 
 13650 
 
 .47 
 
 14210 
 
 .48 
 
 14700 
 
 .49 
 
 15260 
 
 8 
 
 .44 
 
 15600 
 
 .45 
 
 16240 
 
 .46 
 
 16800 
 
 .47 
 
 17440 
 
 9 
 
 .42 
 
 17550 
 
 .43 
 
 18270 
 
 .44 
 
 18900 
 
 .45 
 
 19620 
 
 10 
 
 .41 
 
 19500 
 
 .42 
 
 20300 
 
 .42 
 
 21000 
 
 .43 
 
 21800 
 
 11 
 
 .39 
 
 21450 
 
 .40 
 
 22330 
 
 .41 
 
 23100 
 
 .42 
 
 23980 
 
 12 
 
 .37 
 
 23400 
 
 .38 
 
 24360 
 
 .39 
 
 25200 
 
 .40 
 
 26160 
 
 
 
 .51 1 
 
 .49 
 
 
 .48 
 
 
 .46 
 
 | 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 I 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 56 
 
 
 
 57 
 
 2 
 
 58 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 .55 
 
 2270 
 
 .56 
 
 2350 
 
 .57 
 
 2440 
 
 .58 
 
 2520 
 
 2 
 
 .55 
 
 4540 
 
 .56 
 
 4700 
 
 .57 
 
 4880 
 
 .58 
 
 5040 
 
 3 
 
 .55 
 
 6810 
 
 .56 
 
 7050 
 
 .57 
 
 7320 
 
 .58 
 
 7560 
 
 4 
 
 .55 
 
 9080 
 
 .56 
 
 9400 
 
 .57 
 
 9760 
 
 .58 
 
 10080 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 .53 
 .51 
 
 11350 
 13620 
 
 .54 
 .52 
 
 11750 
 14100 
 
 .55 
 .53 
 
 12200 
 14640 
 
 .56 
 .54 
 
 12600 
 15120 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 .50 
 .48 
 
 15890 
 18160 
 
 .50 
 .49 
 
 16450 (.51 
 18800 .50 
 
 17080 
 19520 
 
 .52 
 .50 
 
 17640 
 20160 
 
 9 
 
 .46 
 
 20430 
 
 .47 
 
 21150 
 
 .48 
 
 21960 
 
 .48 
 
 22680 
 
 10 
 
 .44 
 
 22700 
 
 .45 
 
 23500 
 
 .46 
 
 24400 
 
 .46 
 
 25200 
 
 11 
 
 .42 
 
 24970 
 
 .43 
 
 25850 
 
 .44 
 
 26840 
 
 .45 
 
 27720 
 
 12 
 
 .40 
 
 27240 
 
 .41 
 
 28200 
 
 .42 
 
 29280 
 
 .43 
 
 30240 
 
 
 
 .44 
 
 
 .43 
 
 
 .41 
 
 
 .40 
 
 17 
 
First Column Number of 16 feet logs in the tree 
 
 Second Column Diameter of tree, in bold 
 
 face figures, at mean height, with reading 
 
 of Folding Scale in inches, and hundredths 
 
 1 2 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 I 
 * 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 59 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 61 
 
 
 62 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 .59 
 
 2610 
 
 .60 
 
 2700 
 
 .61 
 
 2800 
 
 .62 
 
 2890 
 
 2 
 
 .59 
 
 5220 
 
 .60 
 
 5400 
 
 .61 
 
 5600 
 
 .62 
 
 5780 
 
 3 
 
 .59 
 
 7830 
 
 .60 
 
 8100 
 
 .61 
 
 8400 
 
 .62 
 
 8670 
 
 4 
 
 .59 
 
 10440 
 
 .60 
 
 10800 
 
 .61 
 
 11200 
 
 .62 
 
 11560 
 
 5 
 
 .57 
 
 13050 
 
 .58 
 
 13500 
 
 .59 
 
 14000 
 
 .60 
 
 14450 
 
 6 
 
 .55 
 
 15660 
 
 .56 
 
 16200 
 
 .57 
 
 16800 
 
 .58 
 
 17340 
 
 7 
 
 .53 
 
 18270 
 
 .54 
 
 18900 
 
 .55 
 
 19600 
 
 .56 
 
 20230 
 
 8 
 
 .51 
 
 20880 
 
 .52 
 
 21600 
 
 .53 
 
 22400 .54 
 
 23120 
 
 9 
 
 .49 
 
 23490 
 
 .50 
 
 24300 
 
 .51 
 
 25200 
 
 .52 
 
 26010 
 
 10 
 
 .47 
 
 26100 
 
 .48 
 
 27000 
 
 .49 
 
 28000 
 
 .50 
 
 28900 
 
 11 
 
 .45 
 
 28710 
 
 .46 
 
 29700 
 
 .47 
 
 30800 
 
 .48 
 
 31790 
 
 12 
 
 .43 
 
 31320 
 
 .44 
 
 32400 
 
 .45 
 
 33600 
 
 .46 
 
 34680 
 
 
 
 .38 
 
 
 .37 
 
 
 .36 
 
 
 .35 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 I 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 ,3 
 
 63 
 
 & 
 
 64 
 
 
 65 
 
 
 66 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 .63 
 
 2990 
 
 .64 
 
 3090 
 
 .65 
 
 3190 
 
 .66 
 
 3290 
 
 2 
 
 .63 
 
 5980 
 
 .64 
 
 6180 
 
 .65 
 
 6380 
 
 .66 
 
 6580 
 
 3 
 
 .63 
 
 8970 
 
 .64 
 
 9270 
 
 .65 
 
 9570 
 
 .66 
 
 9870 
 
 4 
 
 .63 
 
 11960 
 
 .64 
 
 12360 
 
 .65 
 
 12760 
 
 .66 
 
 13160 
 
 5 
 
 .61 
 
 14950 
 
 .62 
 
 15450 
 
 .63 
 
 15950 
 
 .63 
 
 16450 
 
 6 
 
 .59 
 
 17940 
 
 .60 
 
 18540 
 
 .61 
 
 19140 
 
 .62 
 
 19740 
 
 7 
 
 .57 
 
 20930 
 
 .58 
 
 21630 
 
 .59 
 
 22330 
 
 .59 
 
 23030 
 
 8 
 
 .55 
 
 23920 
 
 .56 
 
 24720 
 
 .57 
 
 25520 
 
 .57 
 
 26320 
 
 9 
 
 .52 
 
 26910 
 
 .53 
 
 27810 
 
 .54 
 
 28710 
 
 .55 
 
 29610 
 
 10 
 
 .50 
 
 29900 
 
 .51 
 
 30900 
 
 .52 
 
 31900 
 
 .53 
 
 32900 
 
 11 
 
 .48 
 
 32890 
 
 .49 
 
 33990 
 
 .50 
 
 35090 
 
 .51 
 
 36190 
 
 12 
 
 .46 
 
 35880 
 
 .47 
 
 37080 
 
 .48 
 
 38280 
 
 .49 
 
 39480 
 
 
 
 .33 
 
 
 .32 
 
 
 .31 
 
 
 .30 
 
 18 
 
underneath it. 
 
 Third Column Number of feet B. M. in the 
 tree, with number of logs per M., given 
 in logs and hundredths, underneath it. 
 
 1 2 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 tn 
 3 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 I 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 67 
 
 
 
 68 
 
 
 
 69 
 
 
 
 70 
 
 & 
 
 1 
 
 .67 
 
 3390 
 
 .68 
 
 3500 
 
 .69 
 
 3610 
 
 .70 
 
 3720 
 
 2 
 
 .67 
 
 6780 
 
 .68 
 
 7000 
 
 .69 
 
 7220 
 
 .70 
 
 7440 
 
 3 
 
 .67 
 
 10170 
 
 .68 
 
 10500 
 
 .69 
 
 10830 
 
 .70 
 
 11160 
 
 4 
 
 .67 
 
 13560 
 
 .68 
 
 14000 
 
 .69 
 
 14440 
 
 .70 
 
 14880 
 
 5 
 
 .64 
 
 16950 
 
 .65 
 
 17500 
 
 .66 
 
 18050 
 
 .67 
 
 18600 
 
 6 
 
 .63 
 
 20340 
 
 .64 
 
 21000 
 
 .64 
 
 21660 
 
 .65 
 
 22320 
 
 7 
 
 .60 
 
 23730 
 
 .61 
 
 24500 
 
 .62 
 
 25270 
 
 .63 
 
 26040 
 
 8 
 
 .58 
 
 27120 
 
 .59 
 
 28000 
 
 .60 
 
 28880 
 
 .61 
 
 29760 
 
 9 
 
 .56 
 
 30510 
 
 .57 
 
 31500 
 
 .57 
 
 32490 
 
 .58 
 
 33480 
 
 10 
 
 .54 
 
 33900 
 
 .54 
 
 35000 
 
 .55 
 
 36100 
 
 .56 
 
 37200 
 
 11 
 
 .52 
 
 37290 
 
 .52 
 
 38500 
 
 .53 
 
 39710 
 
 .54 
 
 40920 
 
 12 
 
 .49 
 
 40680 
 
 .50 
 
 42000 
 
 .51 
 
 43320 
 
 .51 
 
 44640 
 
 
 
 .29 
 
 
 .29 
 
 
 .28 
 
 
 .27 
 
 03 
 
 s 
 
 Dia 
 71 
 
 | 
 
 & 
 
 Dia 
 72 
 
 o> 
 
 r 
 
 m 
 
 Dia 
 73 
 
 0) 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 74 
 
 | 
 
 & 
 
 1 
 
 .71 
 
 3830 
 
 .72 
 
 3950 
 
 .73 
 
 4060 
 
 .74 
 
 4180 
 
 2 
 
 .71 
 
 7660 
 
 .72 
 
 7900 
 
 .73 
 
 8120 
 
 .74 
 
 8360 
 
 3 
 
 .71 
 
 11490 
 
 .72 
 
 11850 
 
 .73 
 
 12180 
 
 .74 
 
 12540 
 
 4 
 
 .71 
 
 15320 
 
 .72 
 
 15800 
 
 .73 
 
 16240 
 
 .74 
 
 16720 
 
 5 
 
 .68 
 
 19150 
 
 .69 
 
 19750 
 
 .70 
 
 20300 
 
 .71 
 
 20900 
 
 6 
 
 .66 
 
 22980 
 
 .67 
 
 23700 
 
 .68 
 
 24360 
 
 .69 
 
 25080 
 
 7 
 
 .64 
 
 26810 
 
 .65 
 
 27650 
 
 .66 
 
 28420 
 
 .67 
 
 29260 
 
 8 
 
 .62 
 
 30640 
 
 .63 
 
 31600 
 
 .63 
 
 32480 
 
 .64 
 
 33440 
 
 9 
 
 .59 
 
 34470 
 
 .60 
 
 35550 
 
 .61 
 
 36540 
 
 .62 
 
 37620 
 
 10 
 
 .57 
 
 38300 
 
 .58 
 
 39500 
 
 .58 
 
 40600 
 
 .59 
 
 41800 
 
 11 
 
 .55 
 
 42130 
 
 .55 
 
 43450 
 
 .56 
 
 44660 
 
 .57 
 
 45980 
 
 12 
 
 .52 
 
 45960 
 
 .53 
 
 47400 
 
 .54 
 
 48720 
 
 .54 
 
 50160 
 
 
 
 .26 
 
 
 .25 
 
 
 .25 
 
 
 .24 
 
 19 
 
First Column Number of 16 feet logs in the tree 
 
 Second Column Diameter of tree, in bold 
 
 face figures, at mean height, with reading 
 
 of Folding Scale in inches, and huridredths 
 
 1 2 
 
 3 2 
 
 3 2 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 75 
 
 & 
 
 76 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 fc 
 
 78 
 
 
 i 
 
 .75 
 
 4300 .76 
 
 4420 
 
 .77 
 
 4540 
 
 .78 
 
 4660 
 
 2 
 
 .75 
 
 86001.76 
 
 8840 
 
 .77 
 
 9080 
 
 .78 
 
 9320 
 
 3 
 
 .75 
 
 12900 .76 13260 
 
 .77 
 
 13620 
 
 .78 
 
 13980 
 
 4 
 
 .75 
 
 17200 .76 17680 .77 
 
 18160 
 
 .78 
 
 18640 
 
 5 
 
 .72 
 
 21500 .73 22100 
 
 .74 
 
 22700 
 
 .75 
 
 23300 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 .7025800 .71 
 .6830100 .68 
 
 .6534400 .66 
 
 26520 
 30940 
 35360 
 
 .72 
 .69 
 .67 
 
 27240 i . 73 
 3 1730 i. 70 
 36320 .68 
 
 27960 
 32620 
 37280 
 
 9 
 
 .62 
 
 38700 .63 
 
 39780 
 
 .64 
 
 40860 |. 65 
 
 41940 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 .60 
 .58 
 
 43000 .61 
 47300 .58 
 
 44200 
 48620 
 
 .62 
 
 .59 
 
 454001.62 
 49940 .60 
 
 46600 
 51260 
 
 12 
 
 .55 
 
 51600 .56 
 
 53040 .57 
 
 54480 
 
 .57 
 
 55920 
 
 
 
 .23 
 
 
 .23 
 
 
 .22 
 
 I .21 
 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 I 
 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 ^ 
 
 79 
 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 81 
 
 
 
 82 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 .79 
 
 4790L80 
 
 4910 
 
 '81 
 
 5040 
 
 .82 5170 
 
 2 
 
 .79 
 
 9580 .80 
 
 9820 
 
 '.81 
 
 10080 
 
 .82 10340 
 
 3 
 
 .79 
 
 14370 . 80 
 
 14730 
 
 .81 
 
 15120 
 
 .82! 15510 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 .79 19160 .80 
 .7623950 .77 
 
 19640 
 24550 
 
 .81 
 .78 
 
 20160 
 25200 
 
 .821 20680 
 .79 25850 
 
 6 
 
 .74 
 
 28740 .75 
 
 29460 
 
 .76130240 
 
 .77 
 
 31020 
 
 7 
 
 .71 
 
 33530 .72 
 
 34370 
 
 .73)35280 
 
 .74 
 
 36190 
 
 8 
 
 .69 
 
 38320 
 
 .70 
 
 39280 .70J40320 
 
 .71 
 
 41360 
 
 9 
 
 .66 
 
 43110 
 
 .67 
 
 44190 .6745360 
 
 .68 
 
 46530 
 
 10 
 
 .63 
 
 47900 
 
 .64 
 
 49100 
 
 .65 
 
 50400 
 
 .66 
 
 51700 
 
 11 
 
 .61 
 
 52690 
 
 .62 
 
 54010 
 
 .62 
 
 55440 
 
 .63 
 
 56870 
 
 12 
 
 .58 
 
 57480 
 
 .59 
 
 58920 
 
 .60 
 
 60480 
 
 .60 
 
 62040 
 
 
 
 .21 
 
 
 .20 
 
 
 .20 
 
 .19 
 
 20 
 
underneath it. 
 
 Third Column Number of feet B. M. in the 
 tree, with number of logs per M., given 
 in logs and hundredths, underneath it. 
 
 1 2 
 
 3 2 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia * 
 
 83 
 
 
 
 84 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 & 
 
 86 
 
 En 
 
 .83 
 
 5290 
 
 .84 
 
 5420 
 
 .85 
 
 5550 
 
 .86 
 
 5690 
 
 .83 
 
 10580 
 
 .84 
 
 10840 
 
 .85 
 
 11100 
 
 .86 
 
 11380 
 
 .83 
 
 15870 
 
 .84 
 
 16260 
 
 .85 
 
 16650 
 
 .86 
 
 17070 
 
 .83 
 
 21160 
 
 .84 
 
 21680 
 
 .85 
 
 22200 
 
 .86 
 
 22760 
 
 .80 
 
 26450 
 
 .81 
 
 27100 
 
 .82 
 
 27750 
 
 .83 
 
 28450 
 
 .78 
 
 31740 
 
 .79 
 
 32520 
 
 .79 
 
 33300 
 
 .80 
 
 34140 
 
 .75 
 
 37030 
 
 .76 
 
 37940 
 
 .77 
 
 38850 
 
 .77 
 
 39830 
 
 .72 
 
 42320 
 
 .73 
 
 43360 
 
 .74 
 
 44400 
 
 .75 
 
 45520 
 
 .69 
 
 47610 
 
 .70 
 
 48780 
 
 .71 
 
 49950 
 
 .72 
 
 51210 
 
 .66 
 
 52900 
 
 .67 
 
 54200 
 
 .68 
 
 55500 
 
 .69 
 
 56900 
 
 .64 
 
 58190 
 
 .65 
 
 59620 
 
 .65 
 
 61050 
 
 .66 
 
 62590 
 
 .61 
 
 63480 
 
 .62 
 
 65040 
 
 .62 
 
 66600 
 
 .63 
 
 68280 
 
 
 .19 
 
 
 .18 
 
 
 .18 
 
 
 .18 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 I 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 87 
 
 h 
 
 88 
 
 to 
 
 89 
 
 
 
 90 
 
 fe 
 
 i 
 
 .87 
 
 5820 
 
 .88 
 
 5950 
 
 .89 
 
 6090 
 
 .90 
 
 6220 
 
 2 
 
 .87 
 
 11640 
 
 .88 
 
 11900 
 
 .89 
 
 12180 
 
 .90 
 
 12440 
 
 3 
 
 .87 
 
 17460 
 
 .88 
 
 17850 
 
 .89 
 
 18270 
 
 .90 
 
 18660 
 
 4 
 
 .87 
 
 23280 
 
 .88 
 
 23800 
 
 .89 
 
 24360 
 
 .90 
 
 24880 
 
 5 
 
 .84 
 
 29100 
 
 .85 
 
 29750 
 
 .86 
 
 30450 
 
 .87 
 
 31100 
 
 6 
 
 .81 
 
 34920 
 
 .82 
 
 35700 
 
 .83 
 
 36540 
 
 .84 
 
 37320 
 
 7 
 
 .78 
 
 40740 
 
 .79 
 
 41650 
 
 .80 
 
 42630 
 
 .81 
 
 43540 
 
 8 
 
 .76 
 
 46560 
 
 .77 
 
 47600 
 
 .77 
 
 48720 
 
 .78 
 
 49760 
 
 9 
 
 .72 
 
 52380 
 
 .73 
 
 53550 
 
 .74 
 
 54810 
 
 .75 
 
 55980 
 
 10 
 
 .70 
 
 58200 
 
 .70 
 
 59500 
 
 .71 
 
 60900 
 
 .72 
 
 62200 
 
 11 
 
 .67 
 
 64020 
 
 .68 
 
 65450 
 
 .68 
 
 66990 
 
 .69 
 
 68420 
 
 12 
 
 .64 
 
 69840 
 
 .65 
 
 71400 
 
 .65 
 
 73080 
 
 .66 
 
 74640 
 
 
 
 .17 
 
 
 .17 
 
 
 .16 
 
 
 .16 
 
 21 
 
First Column Number of 16 feet logs in the tree 
 
 Second Column Diameter of tree, in bold 
 
 face figures, at mean height, with reading 
 
 of Folding Scale in inches, and hundredths 
 
 1 2 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 I 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 i 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 91 
 
 i 
 
 92 
 
 
 
 93 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 .91 
 
 6360 
 
 .92 
 
 6500 
 
 .93 
 
 6640 
 
 .94 
 
 6780 
 
 2 
 
 .91 
 
 12720 
 
 .92 
 
 13000 
 
 .93 
 
 13280 
 
 .94 
 
 13560 
 
 3 
 
 .91 
 
 19080 
 
 .92 
 
 19500 
 
 .93 
 
 19920 
 
 .94 
 
 20340 
 
 4 
 
 .91 
 
 25440 
 
 .92 
 
 26000 
 
 .93 
 
 26560 .94 
 
 27120 
 
 5 
 
 .87 
 
 31800 
 
 .88 
 
 32500 
 
 .89 
 
 33200 
 
 .90 
 
 33900 
 
 6 
 
 .85 
 
 38160 
 
 .86 
 
 39000 
 
 .87 
 
 39840 
 
 .88 
 
 40680 
 
 7 
 
 .82 
 
 44520 
 
 .83 
 
 45500 
 
 .84 
 
 46480 
 
 .85 
 
 47460 
 
 8 
 
 .79 
 
 50880 
 
 .80 
 
 52000 
 
 .81 
 
 53120 
 
 .82 
 
 54240 
 
 9 
 
 .76 
 
 57240 
 
 .77 
 
 58500 
 
 .77 
 
 59760 
 
 .78 
 
 61020 
 
 10 
 
 .73 
 
 63600 
 
 .74 
 
 65000 
 
 .74 
 
 66400 
 
 .75 
 
 67800 
 
 11 
 
 .70 
 
 69960 
 
 .71 
 
 71500 
 
 .72 
 
 73040 
 
 .72 
 
 74580 
 
 12 
 
 .67 
 
 76320 
 
 .68 
 
 78000 
 
 .68 
 
 79680 
 
 .69 
 
 81360 
 
 
 
 .16 
 
 
 .15 
 
 
 .15 
 
 
 .15 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 3 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 95 
 
 ft 
 
 96 
 
 
 
 97 
 
 & 
 
 98 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 .95 
 
 6920 
 
 .96 
 
 7070 
 
 .97 
 
 7210 
 
 .98 
 
 7360 
 
 2 
 
 .95 
 
 13840 
 
 .96 
 
 14140 
 
 .97 
 
 14420 
 
 .98 
 
 14720 
 
 3 
 
 .95 
 
 20760 
 
 .96 
 
 21210 
 
 .97 
 
 21630 
 
 .98 
 
 22080 
 
 4 
 
 .95 
 
 27680 
 
 .96 
 
 28280 
 
 .97 28840 
 
 .98 
 
 29440 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 .91 
 .89 
 
 34600 
 41520 
 
 .92 
 .90 
 
 35350 
 42420 
 
 .93 36050 
 .91 43260 
 
 .94 
 
 .92 
 
 36800 
 44160 
 
 7 
 
 .86 
 
 48440 
 
 .86 
 
 49490 
 
 .87 
 
 50470 
 
 .88 
 
 51520 
 
 8 
 
 .83 
 
 55360 
 
 .83 
 
 56560 
 
 .84 
 
 57680 
 
 .85 
 
 58880 
 
 9 
 
 .79 
 
 62280 
 
 .80 
 
 63630 
 
 .81 
 
 64890 
 
 .82 
 
 66240 
 
 10 
 
 .76 
 
 69200 
 
 .77 
 
 70700 
 
 .78 
 
 72100 
 
 .78 
 
 73600 
 
 11 
 
 .73 
 
 76120 
 
 .74 
 
 77770 
 
 .75 
 
 79310 
 
 .75 
 
 80960 
 
 12 
 
 .70 
 
 83040 
 
 .71 
 
 84840 
 
 .71 
 
 86520 
 
 .72 
 
 88320 
 
 
 
 .14 
 
 
 .14 
 
 
 .14 
 
 
 .14 
 
 22 
 
underneath it. 
 
 Third Column Number of feet B. M. in the 
 tree with number of logs per M., given in 
 logs and hundredths, underneath it. 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 Dia 
 99 
 
 8 
 I 
 
 Dia 
 100 
 
 0> 
 
 1 
 
 Dia. 
 101 
 
 | 
 
 <u 
 fe 
 
 1 
 
 .99 
 
 7510 
 
 1.00 
 
 7640 
 
 1.01 
 
 7790 
 
 2 
 
 .99 
 
 15020 
 
 1.00 
 
 15280 
 
 1.01 
 
 15580 
 
 3 
 
 .99 
 
 22530 
 
 1.00 
 
 22920 
 
 1.01 
 
 23370 
 
 4 
 
 .99 
 
 30040 
 
 1.00 
 
 30560 
 
 1.01 
 
 31160 
 
 5 
 
 .95 
 
 37550 
 
 .96 
 
 38200 
 
 .97 
 
 38950 
 
 6 
 
 .93 
 
 45060 
 
 .93 
 
 45840 
 
 .94 
 
 46740 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 .89 
 .86 
 
 52570 
 60080 
 
 .90 
 
 .87 
 
 53480 
 61120 
 
 .91 
 .88 
 
 54530 
 62320 
 
 9 
 
 .82 
 
 67590 
 
 .83 
 
 68760 
 
 .84 
 
 70110 
 
 10 
 
 .79 
 
 75100 
 
 .80 
 
 76400 
 
 .81 
 
 77900 
 
 11 
 
 .76 
 
 82610 
 
 .77 
 
 84040 
 
 .78 
 
 85690 
 
 12 
 
 .73 
 
 90120 
 
 .74 
 
 91680 
 
 .74 
 
 93480 
 
 
 
 .13 
 
 
 .13 
 
 
 .13 
 
 ! 
 
 Dia. 
 102 
 
 
 
 c 
 ft 
 
 Dia. 
 103 
 
 +s 
 
 B 
 & 
 
 Dia. 
 104 
 
 1 
 
 t-i 
 
 i 
 
 1.02 
 
 7950 
 
 1.03 
 
 8100 
 
 1.04 
 
 8250 
 
 2 
 
 1.02 
 
 15900 
 
 1.03 
 
 16200 
 
 1.04 
 
 16500 
 
 3 
 
 1.02 
 
 23850 
 
 1.03 
 
 24300 
 
 1.04 
 
 24750 
 
 4 
 
 1.02 
 
 31800 
 
 1.03 
 
 32400 
 
 1.04 
 
 33000 
 
 5 
 
 .98 
 
 39750 
 
 .99 
 
 40500 
 
 1.00 
 
 41250 
 
 6 
 
 .95 
 
 47700 
 
 .96 
 
 48600 
 
 .97 
 
 49500 
 
 7 
 
 .92 
 
 55650 
 
 .93 
 
 56700 
 
 .941 57750 
 
 8 
 
 .89 
 
 63600 
 
 .90 
 
 64800 
 
 .90 
 
 66000 
 
 9 
 
 .85 
 
 71550 
 
 .86 
 
 72900 
 
 .87 
 
 74250 
 
 10 
 
 .82 
 
 79500 
 
 .82 
 
 81000 
 
 .83 
 
 82500 
 
 11 
 
 .78 
 
 87450 
 
 .79 
 
 89100 
 
 .80 
 
 90750 
 
 12 
 
 .75 
 
 95400 
 
 .76 
 
 97200 
 
 .76 
 
 99000 
 
 
 
 .13 
 
 
 .12 
 
 
 .12 
 
 23 
 
First Column Number of 16 feet logs in the tree 
 
 Second Column Diameter of tree, in bold 
 
 face figures, at mean height, with reading 
 
 of Folding Scale in inches, and hundredths 
 
 underneath it. 
 
 Third Column Number of feet B. M. in the 
 tree, with number of logs per M., given in 
 logs and hundredths, underneath it. 
 12 32 32 3 
 
 a 
 
 Dia. 
 
 1 
 
 Dia. 
 
 1 
 
 Dia. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 105 
 
 fa 
 
 106 
 
 fa 
 
 107 
 
 fa 
 
 i 
 
 1.05 
 
 8410 
 
 1.06 
 
 8570 
 
 1.07 
 
 8730 
 
 2 
 
 1.05 
 
 16820! 1.06 
 
 17140 
 
 1.07 
 
 17460 
 
 3 
 
 1.05 
 
 25230) 1.06 
 
 25710 
 
 1.07 
 
 26190 
 
 4 
 
 1.05 
 
 33640 
 
 1.06 
 
 34280 
 
 1.07 
 
 34920 
 
 5 
 
 1.01 
 
 42050 
 
 1.02 
 
 42850 
 
 1.03 
 
 43650 
 
 6 
 
 .98 
 
 50460 
 
 .99 
 
 51420 
 
 1.00 
 
 52380 
 
 7 
 
 .95 
 
 58870 
 
 .95 
 
 59990 
 
 .96 
 
 61110 
 
 8 
 
 .91 
 
 67280 
 
 .92 
 
 68560 
 
 .93 
 
 69840 
 
 9 
 
 .87 
 
 75690 
 
 .88 
 
 77130 
 
 .89 
 
 78570 
 
 10 
 
 .84 
 
 84100 
 
 .85 
 
 85700 
 
 .86 
 
 87300 
 
 11 
 
 .81 
 
 92510 
 
 .82 
 
 94270 
 
 .82 
 
 96030 
 
 12 
 
 .77 
 
 100920 
 
 .78 
 
 102840 
 
 .79 
 
 104760 
 
 
 
 .12 
 
 
 .12 
 
 
 .11 
 
 cc 
 M 
 
 Dia. 
 
 1 
 
 Dia. | 
 
 Dia. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 108 
 
 fa 
 
 109 
 
 110 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 1.08 
 
 8890 
 
 1.09! 9060 
 
 1.10 
 
 9230 
 
 2 
 
 1.08 
 
 17780 
 
 1.09 18120 
 
 1.10 
 
 18460 
 
 3 
 
 1.08 
 
 26670 
 
 1.09 27180 
 
 1.10 
 
 27690 
 
 4 
 
 1.08 
 
 35560 
 
 1.09 36240 
 
 1.10 
 
 36920 
 
 5 
 
 1.04 
 
 44450 
 
 1.05. 45300 
 
 1.06 
 
 46150 
 
 6 
 
 1.01 
 
 53340 
 
 1.02; 54360 
 
 1.03 
 
 55380 
 
 7 
 
 .97 
 
 62230 
 
 .98 
 
 63420 
 
 .99 
 
 64610 
 
 8 
 
 .94 
 
 71120 
 
 .95 
 
 72480 
 
 .96 
 
 73840 
 
 9 
 
 .90 
 
 80010 
 
 .91 
 
 81540 
 
 .92 
 
 83070 
 
 10 
 
 .86 
 
 88900 
 
 .87 
 
 90600 
 
 .88 
 
 92300 
 
 11 
 
 .83 
 
 97790 
 
 .84 
 
 99660 
 
 .85 
 
 101530 
 
 12 
 
 .79 
 
 106680 
 
 .80 
 
 108720 
 
 .81 
 
 110760 
 
 
 
 .11 
 
 
 .11 
 
 
 .11 
 
 24 
 
j\[ jad joaiauj^ 
 SUOT ; }.OT?J L >J put 
 sSo'j j'o aaqtun^ 
 
 
 *s8Joy o^ uo 
 'K "9 ^^J jo 
 
 
 UO 'p\[ 'g )88. 
 
 
 ajoy 8S^J8Ay 
 
 
 UO S88JX 
 
 
 
 
 99JJ, 8BJ8Ay 
 
 
 JO b)U8}UOQ 
 
 
 
 
 <=, 
 
 
 _^^ 
 
 
 -a^, 
 
 
 JO^PH 
 
 
 TlSr 
 
 'jTTu 
 
 
 
 apog Suippj 
 
 
 
 
 S88JX Ul 
 
 
 SSO^ ^88^ 9j 
 
 
 ^ 4 N 
 
 
 p3AJ ^ q 8 ^ 
 
 - 
 
 25 
 
HINTS ON CRUISING. 
 
 Where timber is small and dense and 
 rapid cruise is desired, apply "Averaging 
 System." Run twice through each forty 
 acres, count all trees on 8 acres as you go, 
 base estimates on the average acre. If for 
 example, the S. W. i of the S. W. of a 
 Section is to be examined, pace East one tally 
 (20 rods) from S. W. corner of Section, thence 
 run North. Have Compassman call out 
 each tally (20 rods); the Cruiser will judge as 
 accurately as possible by sight an 8 rods 
 strip, run through center of strip, counting 
 all trees 4 rods each side of him. (4 rods 
 equals 12k paces). In counting or tabu- 
 lating your trees as found, of course, due 
 regard must be given noticeable defects in 
 considering Heights and Diameters and pro- 
 per allowance made therefor. Class the 
 kinds of timber separately. It is very im- 
 portant to the owner to note streams, and 
 prominent topographical features even in a 
 rapid examination. At three tallies North 
 (60 rods), run east one tally (20 rods); then 
 you will have counted all the trees on four 
 acres. (Check average acre and other ob- 
 servations made of the West half, etc.). 
 Continue run one tally further East, thence 
 South 3 tallies, you will be proceeding through 
 East half of the 40 acres to Section Line. 
 Tabulating the trees as you go or counting 
 and booking the total results found, when 
 you have finished this run. Therefore, hav- 
 ing examined carefully the 8 acres you then 
 have gained the knowledge of stand per acre. 
 Assuming the timber on the 40 acres is equal- 
 ly dense, then 40, multiplied by the average 
 acre gained is the total stand, of course, due 
 allowance and j udgment must be used for bare 
 spots, light stands, burns, etc. 
 
 NOTE Whenever the term "Pace" 
 appears, it means two steps or 64 inches. 
 
 A Close Cruise. 
 
 Run 5 times through each 40 acres, count 
 all trees on each 2 acres as you go, booking 
 26 
 
knowledge gained at each tally (20 rods). If 
 for example, the S. W. J of the S. W. i of a 
 Section is to be examined, pace East (25 
 paces) from the S. W. corner of Section, 
 thence run North. Have Compassman call 
 one tally (20 rods) stop, and give a right 
 angle, the Cruiser will judge as accurately as 
 possible by sight a 16 rods strip, run through 
 center of strip, counting all trees (8 rods) on 
 each side of him. (8 rods equals 25 paces). 
 Therefore having carefully counted the 
 trees on 2 acres and booking the results. 
 Continue North one tally further, counting, 
 observing and again booking knowledge gain- 
 ed. Continue North and repeat at each tally 
 until you have reached 4 tallies, then run 
 East (25 paces) and book final observations 
 of this 8 acre strip. Thence continue East 
 25 paces further, thence south one tally, 
 again booking knowledge gained. Continue 
 back and forth through the 40, observing, 
 counting and booking at each tally (2 acres), 
 and proving up at the Section Line at each 
 strip. Therefore having examined carefully 
 the 40 acres by 2 acres, you then have gained 
 the knowledge of stand, sizes, kinds, quality 
 and contents of timber of each kind, etc. as 
 well as the minutes of the topography of the 
 surface, etc. 
 
 NOTE The Cruiser should have an 
 assistant. 
 
 NOTE Observations should include in 
 your diagram locations and width of streams 
 and their courses, hills, divides, low passes, 
 roads, trails, undergrowth, dead trees, down 
 trees, canyons, etc., burns, improvements, if 
 any, and what may be the fire risk, etc., quality 
 of soil, 1st, 2nd, or 3rd grade, etc. At best, the 
 average estimate is only an approximate one; 
 have your deduction, therefore, safe. Judg- 
 ment as to quality and logging conditions as 
 well as the knowledge of finding, counting and 
 estimating timber should be cultivated. 
 
 27 
 
PRESERVATION OF TIMBER. 
 
 Disease, Cause and Effects. 
 
 The decay of timber is caused by the 
 growth and activities of fungi. The minute 
 spores of one of these fungi, germinating 
 on a piece of wood, send out fine threads, 
 which enter the wood cells and soon give 
 off a complex compound called a ferment 
 or enzyme, which dissolves certain parts of 
 the wood fibre. The dissolved fibre serves 
 as food for the fungus. The threads throw 
 out branches and sub-branches, and soon 
 the timber is permeated by a mass of such 
 threads, the growing parts of which give 
 off ferment. The action of the ferment 
 changes the chemical and physical properties 
 of the wood, rendering it, in some cases, 
 like brown charcoal, in others white, soft 
 and stringy, and the wood is said to be rotten 
 or decayed. Eventually some of the threads 
 grow out from the surface of the timber, and 
 form toadstools and other excrescences. 
 Under these are found cavities containing 
 thousands of spores, which, when ripe, are 
 blown off into the air and settle upon other 
 timbers, where the precess is repeated. 
 Moisture and heat are favorable to the 
 growth of the fungi, as are also the starches, 
 sugars and oils found in the cells of the sap- 
 wood but wanting in the heart wood. If 
 protected from the action of these fungi, 
 wood will last indefinitely. Hence the 
 accumulation of dead wood should be avoided. 
 If air is excluded, as when timber is kept 
 constantly and entirely immersed in salt or 
 fresh water, the fungi cannot thrive. Sap 
 confined in timber with air, ferments, pro- 
 ducing dry rot; as where beams are enclosed 
 air-tight in brick work. etc.. and where 
 green timber is painted or varnished, or 
 treated with creosote, etc. The sap then 
 not noly prevents the thorough penetration 
 of the oil, etc., but may cause the greater 
 part of the wood to rot although its firm 
 outer shell gives it a deceptive appearance 
 
 28 
 
of strength. Sap should therefore be first 
 removed by seasoning; that is, either by 
 drying the wood in air at natural or higher 
 temperatures, or by first steaming the wood 
 under pressure so as to vaporize the sap, 
 and then removing the latter by means of 
 a vacuum. Thorough seasoning of large 
 timbers in dry air at ordinary temperatures 
 may require years; too rapid kiln-drying 
 cracks and weakens the wood. But it is 
 questionable whether steaming and vacuum 
 removes sap as thoroughly as do the slower 
 dry processes. Alternate exposure to water 
 and air is very destructive. It causes wet 
 rot. 
 
 Sea worms, the limnoria terebrans, works 
 from near high water mark to a little below 
 the surface of mud bottom; the teredo navalis 
 within somewhat less limits. The teredo 
 is said to be rendered less active by the 
 presence of sewage in water. 
 
 The best limber-preserving processes are 
 practically useless unless thoroughly well 
 done. If the gain in durability will not 
 warrant the expenditure of time and money 
 required for this, it is more economical to 
 use the wood in its natural state. The 
 woods best adapted to treatment are those 
 of an open or porous texture. They absorb 
 the oil, etc., better than the denser woods; 
 and their cheapness renders the use of the 
 treatment more economical. Most of the 
 processes in common use seem to render 
 wood less combustible. After treatment 
 by any process, the wood should be well 
 dried before using. Creosote oil, or dead 
 oil, is the best known preservative. Against 
 sea worms it is effective for 15 to 20 years. 
 The teredo is less active in the north than in 
 the south. 
 
 -See paper by Dr. Hermann von Schrenk, 
 read before the American Railway Engi- 
 neering and Maintenance of Way Associa- 
 tion, March, 1901. 
 
 29 
 
Section 
 
Diagra m . 
 
II 
 
 5 
 
 a 
 s s 
 
 <A 
 
 A * 
 
 -| 3, 
 
 rH<N 
 II II 
 
 rr 
 
 op 
 
 u r, 
 
 3* 
 
 & 
 
 a 
 
 2 
 
 {H O 
 
 w - 
 Mg 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 111 
 
 O^J^OT^C^CCC 
 xooxo^oacxo 
 
 oooooooojv; 
 
 t^TfCC^iOCCCCO 
 
 '^'- 
 
 ^- O Ol-t-CI-t-O 
 
 g a <N o co o ec O o< < 
 
 i (N ii2 C t^ O 1- 
 
 -COC(N(M 
 
 ^ 6 
 
 > 
 
 c^B 
 
 * Tfi 
 
 O CC t - CC O O "t 
 
 
 32 
 
SECTION DIAGRAM AND KEY THERE- 
 TO AND NATURAL SECANTS. 
 
 The Diagram and Key will enable a Compass- 
 man to easily approach, from a given point, any 
 of the several corners bounding a Section and 
 call out the various 40 lines to the Cruiser. (One 
 may, too, solve other problems from it, should 
 circumstances require). The seven courses 
 shown on diagram are North-Easterly, 
 but the method applies to any direction. 
 It may occur at times that the Compassman 
 may have to solve his own problem. (The 
 key will assist him). If Compassman stands, 
 for instance, at 1-8 post, four tallies North of 
 the S. E. corner of Section, desiring to reach 
 center of Section (course 6 suggests itself, 
 latitude being half of departure). See course 
 6 in Key. One tally equals 69 paces, 2 
 forties equal 554 paces. Angle 63 26' 
 (marked on inner edge of Compass Circle) 
 Therefore, run North 63 26' West, a distance 
 of 554 paces, and you have center of section. At 
 four tallies of 69 paces each you have the 40 
 line (call it to your Cruiser), at 8 tallies (4 
 more from 40 line) you reach central point of 
 Section. 
 
 The compiler of this book recommends (the 
 use of paces) the value of one pace equaling 
 64 inches or two ordinary steps. Therefore 
 62 paces equals one tally, equals 20 rods 
 distance, etc. 
 
 NATURAL SECANTS. 
 
 In furnishing the natural secants for each 
 course, perhaps a rapid, easy and accurate 
 means will be found to determine on a given 
 course the diagonal distances. Multiply 
 secant number by length of one side of the 
 square, product will be required distance. 
 If for instance, you desire to ascertain dis- 
 tance in rods from corner of Section diagon- 
 ally to opposite corner, the angle is 45 degrees, 
 secant number 1.41421. Multiply 1.41421 by 
 320 rods, the result is 452.54720. Cut off 
 5 decimals. Therefore the result is 452 J rods. 
 
 33 
 
Te find OT.. 
 
 AE,e^arAs 0Z. ABC, inaccessible. 
 find >/? the ground tysiybtiny to Z. 
 measure i'a \tfindD.liif sifA/tny to Z. 
 ED.zsx *f E A. 07.. 
 
 34 
 
WIND RIVER 
 
 35 
 
HINTS Use Barbow's Mirror 
 Cruising Compass. 
 
 Made useful. Assists Compassmen as well 
 as Cruisers. Divided in quadrants. Gradu- 
 ated in degrees from to 90 each way. Car- 
 dinal letters on raised circle as well as a con- 
 spicuous black pointer at each letter. Letter 
 E. and W. reversed so as to facilitate angles 
 readings. Variation turned off and set for 
 locality to be used. Inner edge of raised 
 circle graduations harmonize with the several 
 corners bounding a section. A simple device 
 attached to (stop to needle bar) preventing 
 the adherence of bar upwards when it should 
 be downwards, removing one great annoy- 
 ance. 
 
 Hints to Beginners The art of Compassing 
 is best learned by doing it. Should state 
 briefly however Hold Compass squarely be- 
 fore you, cover or North end always ahead , 
 practice to run straight and pace correctly, face 
 course as nearly as possible, when you 
 either open or close compass, tilt compass a 
 little to prevent unnecessary swinging of 
 needle. Practice to take a sight quickly, 
 don't wait until needle comes to a stop, course 
 known as soon as needle swings equally on 
 each side of (pointer). See that you hold 
 compass level, let the continuous center line 
 through compass guide your sight to object 
 ahead on your line. In case of an open 
 country, sight object as far as possible 
 (rather two objects) on your line, keeping the 
 nearer object covering the farther one, etc. 
 (cultivating the art of running a straight line) . 
 When it is desired to run diagonally through 
 a Section or ascertain the distance across a 
 canyon, streams or any points not accessible, 
 consult section diagram and Key thereto. 
 
 To avoid obstructions, etc., found in your 
 course bear off, say, 10 degrees from said 
 course, distance one tally. Then having got- 
 ten around obstructions, bear in 10 degrees, 
 one tally, back to original course. (Add two 
 paces to two tallies.) 
 
 3G 
 
lember Always read the North end 
 of needle, it will indicate your angle. 
 If, for example, while sighting to an object 
 the north end points 10 degrees between S. 
 and E., read the angle South 10 East. 
 
 Number of Paces. 
 
 You will vary from a given point in running 
 one mile (17% paces) for each degree. If you 
 err to the right, variation is too low; raise it. 
 If to the left, you are too high; lower it. i or 
 of one mile will cause you to vary i or of 
 the number of paces given, etc. 
 
 NOTE Please remember that surveys don't 
 always show true corners. Too often is it 
 found that the Governmental Surveyors have 
 been careless or negligent in their establish- 
 ment of proper Section or quarter posts. 
 Therefore be diligent in your search for them . 
 
 Standard Corners and Closing Corners, 
 marked S. C. and C. C. respectively, are es- 
 tablished by the government on township 
 lines (rather Correction lines) from a few feet 
 to several hundred feet apart. Therefore 
 guard against taking the wrong one. The 
 government establishes no Quarter Post on 
 Correction lines to a Closing Section; in other 
 words, between two Closing Corners. 
 
 Sight Trees Are those which the line ac- 
 tually passes through, and are marked with 
 two notches on each side, and are called for 
 in the field notes mark the line. 
 
 TEXAS LAND MEASURE. 
 
 (Also used in Mexico, New Mexico, Arizona 
 and California.) 
 
 1 vara equals 331 inches. 
 
 1,900. .8 varas equals 1 mile. 
 
 3,612,800 square varas equals 1 section 
 equals 640 acres. 
 
 225,800 square varas equals 1^ section 
 equals 40 acres. 
 
 37 
 
Square of 475 varas equals JL section equals 
 40 acres. 
 
 To find the number of acres in any number 
 of square varas, multiply the latter by 177 
 (or to be more exact, by 1771), and cut off 
 six decimals. 
 
 San Antonio, Texas, variation in 1904, 
 8 3' +3.1. 
 
 MAGNETIC DECLINATIONS. 
 
 Variations of the compass for the Epoch 
 January, 1904: 
 
 With the annual change from 1900 to f90. 
 for the principal places in the United States. 
 
 A ( + ) sign denotes West Declinations; 
 a minus ( ) sign East Declinations. For 
 the annual change a plus sign denotes in- 
 creasing West or decreasing East Decli- 
 nation, and a minus sign the reverse. 
 (Part of reports of the United States Coast 
 and Geodetic Survey given.) 
 
 Variation Annual 
 Jan., 1904 Change 
 
 Sitka, Alaska 29 53' O'.O" 
 
 Olympia, Wash 22 41 0.0 
 
 Portland, Oregon 22 32 0.0 
 
 San Francisco, Cal 16 42 0.0 
 
 Madison, Wis 4 57 -f5.0 
 
 Portland, Maine +14 32 +1.3 
 
 Columbia, S. C 12 +3.1 
 
 Demarcation Point, Alas. 39 50 +10 .0 
 
 Philippines, Manila 52 1.0 
 
 THE MAGNETIC POLE. 
 
 In a lecture at Glasgow, by Professor 
 Thompson, he stated that the magnetic pole 
 is at present near Boothia Felix, more than 
 1000 miles to the west of the geographical 
 pole. 
 
 In 1557 the position of the needles showed 
 the magnetic pole to be due north. It had 
 been eastward before that; it then began to 
 point westward, and this ^yestwa^d variation 
 continued to increase until 1816, when the 
 maximum was attained; it has since steadily 
 diminished, and in 1976 it will again point 
 to the true north. 
 
 38 
 
Profesror Thompson sayr thiit the changes 
 which have been observed, not only in this 
 direction but in the strength of the earth's 
 magnetism, show that the same causes 
 which originally magnetized the earth are 
 still at work; and, strangely enough, these 
 changes do not occur at long intervals in 
 the course of centuries but are going on from 
 day to day, from week to week and from 
 year to year. Authority. 
 
 AGREEMENT FIXES BOUNDARY. 
 Decision in Case of Washington Line 
 Fence in 1906. 
 
 The Supreme Court decided that where 
 a boundary line between two tracts of land 
 has been fixed by mutual agreement between 
 the owners and remains the recognized 
 dividing line for a period of 20 years, it in 
 fact becomes the actual boundary, notwith- 
 standing a subsequent Government survey 
 finds it is wrongly located. 
 
 The case on which the point was decided 
 was appealed from Columbia County where 
 two neighbor farmers agreed on the boundary 
 line between their land in 1881 and set their 
 fence on that line. In 1903 a Government 
 survey developed the fact that the fence 
 was not on the true line and one of the 
 owners set his fence over on the line fixed 
 by the Government survey. His neighbor 
 brought an action to compel the removal of 
 the fence to its original location and the 
 courts have upheld him. The case was 
 entitled E. L. Lindley, respondent, vs. K. A. 
 Johnston, appellant. 
 
 Note. Oregon Statute limitation is 10 
 years. 
 
 Conclusion. 
 
 I am indebted to many kind friends for 
 suggestions, help and encouragement extended 
 me. My chief endeavor has been to place in 
 compact form information of value to them 
 and to others. JOSEPH BARBOW. 
 
 Portland, Oregon. 
 
 39 
 

I / 
 
 Oi 
 
 4- 
 
 cc