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SOME 
 ACCOUNT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 HOSPITAL 
 
 AND 
 
 PARISH 
 
 OF 
 
 §bt &ilt^ in tbt iffitXa&f 
 
 MIDDLESEX. 
 
 BY THE LATE 
 
 MR. JOHN PARTON, 
 
 VESTRY CLERK. 
 
 LONDON 
 
 PRINTED BY LUKE HANSARD AND SONS, NEAR LtNCOLN'S-INN FIELDS. 
 
 1822. 
 
3K^'^, 
 
 ^■i 
 
 f^ 
 
ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 THE Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, of which the following sheets profess 
 to give some account, possesses, as a subject of historical inquiry, more than 
 usual claims to the notice of the Antiquary. The astonishing increase in its 
 buildings and population since the reign of queen Elizabeth, when nearly the 
 whole of it was solitary fields ; the high rank and celebrity of numbers of its 
 parishioners, when it came afterwards to be inhabited ; the peculiar character 
 of its poor, and a variety of other circumstances, concur to produce that sort 
 of contrast between its antient and present states, which it is pleasing to 
 contemplate : — add to this, the interest excited by its Hospital, (a place once 
 of much consequence, though now almost forgotten,) and whose records 
 furnish abundant information as to the very early History of St. Giles's and 
 its neighbourhood, and we shall find few parishes more justly entitled to 
 distinction, 
 
 These considerations, added to a great love for topographical research, 
 induced the late worthy vestry clerk of St. Giles and Bloomsbury, Mr. John 
 J*.arton, to avail himself of every opportunity afforded him by his official 
 situation, during a number of years, to collect materials for a history of the 
 district. These in time became considerable, and being subsequently increased 
 by the collections and communications of friends, who had engaged in the 
 same pursuit, — he at length thought proper to have the whole arranged and 
 formed into a fair Manuscript, and finally determined to print a suitable 
 abridgement of it in its present form. Two-thirds of the work had been 
 printed off, when death robbed it of the superintending care and abilities of 
 that gentleman ; fortunately the continuation of the volume being nearly 
 ready for press, the task of proceeding in it did not require much. That 
 little has been executed with strict attention to Mr. Parton's known wishes on 
 
 a ^ the 
 
 ^4GS43 
 
iv ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 the subject, by a literary friend, whose intimacy with Mr. Parton, and simi- 
 larity of taste for such researches, not only led him to take a peculiar interest 
 in the work from its commencement, but enabled him to afford material aid in 
 its progress, and conducting it to a close ; and the work, as now produced, 
 if wanting in some advantages which Mr. Parton's extensive knowledge of the 
 local laws and customs of the district might have given it, may at least be said 
 to be finished in the true spirit of his intention. 
 
 The materials here brought together, have in general, been obtained from the 
 best and most authentic sources. In the account of St. Giles's Hospital, which 
 precedes that of the Parish, and on which indeed much of the early parochial 
 history is founded, among other documents will be found the Grants or Charters 
 of the Kings of England, who succeeded the royal foundress Matilda, as 
 patrons of the establishment, (the originals of which are preserved at the Tower 
 of London ;) and which bestow or confirm different gifts and privileges to it, 
 or relate to its domestic concerns and management. They commence with 
 the confirmatory charter of king Henry II, and are continued through the 
 reigns of the three Edwards, Richard II, Henry IV, and V, as also that of 
 king Edward IV, to which are added the confirmatory Bull of pope Alexander, 
 and some minor instruments. The documents immediately preceding the era 
 of the dissolution of Monasteries, and which consist of the exchange to king 
 Henry VIII, of the hospital possessions ; that monarch's grant of the hospital, 
 &c. to lord Lisle, and his licence permitting the same to be conveyed to 
 Wymond Carewe, are from the originals in the Augmentation ofiice, and Lord 
 Treasurer's Remembrancer's office. The list of Masters and Wardens ; the 
 account of the Hospital Church, and other matters connected with it; and the 
 account of the Hospital possessions in St. Giles's, and other parishes and 
 places (and which latter contains a vast mass of interesting information,) have 
 been furnished by a MS. at the British Museum, of which mention will be 
 made hereafter. In the account of the parish, — Title Deeds, all the parochial 
 Records, and a great variety of other writings, 'have been consulted, the 
 contents of which have never before been made public, and from which a series 
 of Extracts, &c. have been drawn, elucidatory not only of its topography, 
 inhabitants and history, but which relate to almost every subject of parochial 
 management. 
 
 In 
 
ADVERTISEMENT. v 
 
 In selecting and arranging so multifarious a mass, as well as In the printing 
 of it, it will easily be supposed that some errors may have crept in, particularly 
 when the Reader is informed (which is the fact,) that frequent long intervals 
 occurred between the printing of the sheets, and sometimes a neglect of that 
 revision of them, which was necessary, owing to Mr. Parton's continued 
 illnesses during the last two years of his life ; but it is hoped, notwithstanding, 
 that they will not be found, upon the whole, more numerous than in other 
 works of similar research and difficulty. Whether in the connecting obser- 
 vations, or any other parts of the work, also, some unwarrantable conclusions 
 may not be drawn, or overstrained conjectures risked, the Editor pretends not 
 to say, but he will venture to assert, that such were not intended. For these 
 defects, should such exist, or any others that may be found, the Reader's 
 indulgence is requested ; and to whose candour this Volume is respectfully 
 submitted. 
 
 December 
 1821. 
 
l^ABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL, Viz :— 
 
 iNTRODUcnoN. — Foundation, and Antiquity of Hospital, and Account of 
 St. Giles, the patron Saint to ivhom it was dedicated. — Valuable MS. relating 
 to, at the British Museum ; Description of the Disease called Leprosy, from 
 various antient Authors, and Account of different Foundations in England for 
 its relief — Legal Disabilities of Lepers, <§r. 
 
 CHAP. L 
 
 Original Endowment of St. Giles's Hospital, Number of Lepers, Officers, 8^c. to 
 be maintained, as contained in Matilda's Foundation Charter (1101,) and 
 Conjectures as to its siifficiency. — Early Donations to, and Chronological Series 
 of Royal Charters or Grants, ^c. from Hen. II. to Edw. IV. viz. CJmrter 
 Hen. II, belrween 1086 and 1089, p. 6 to 8. — Eustace, Bishop of London's 
 Confirmation of the Church, ^c. of Feltham, and Pope Alexander's General 
 Confirmatory Bull to, p. 9 to 11. — CJmrter Edw. I, and first and second 
 Cliarter of Edw, II, p. 12 to 16. — Confirmatory Charter Edw. Ill, second 
 ditto, Precept to the Mayor of London, ^c. respecting Lepers j Grant of 
 Hospital to Burton St. Lazar, and Inquisition as to the Hospital Affairs, 
 p. 17 to 21. — Pleadings as to the right of Custody of Hospital, temp. Hen. IV, 
 reciting much historical Information relative to, p. 21 to 26. — Charters of 
 Henry V, VI, and Edw. IV. — Further Particulars until, and during reign of 
 Hen. VIII, containing Title of Hospital to Seven Houses in Holbom ; Exchange 
 of Hospital Estates to Hen. VIII ; Grant of Hospital, S^c. at the dissolution 
 to Lord Lisle, and Licence for the latter to sell it to Wymond Carewe ; Conclusion 
 of its History, ^c. p. 27 to 38.— Plate of the Seals of St. Giles's Hospital, 
 and of Burton St. Lazar, p. 38. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. vii 
 
 CHAP. 11. 
 
 As to the Government of Hospital; Names, Nature and Duties of its Officers ; 
 Chronological List of Masters, Wardens, Custodes, ^c. with Biographical 
 Notices, p. 39 to 4>9.— Particulars as to Value, S^x. of Burton St. Lazar, at 
 dissolution, p. 49. — Further Observations, p. 50, 
 
 CHAP. m. 
 
 Account and Conjectures as to Hospital Site and Buildings, viz. Principal 
 Mansion or Hospital-house, Gate-house, Chapter-house, Cloisters, ^c. p. 50 
 to 53. — Particulars as to Hospital Church, and that of the Parish, with 
 Copper-plate View and illustrative Plan of, S^c. p.54> and 55. — Anniversary 
 Obits held at, p. 55 and 5Q. — Chaplains, Chantry Priests, S^c. belonging to, 
 p. 57.— Account of Hospital Gardens, p. 58 ; Plan of St. Giles's Hospital and 
 Precinct, p. 59 ; Hospital Grange at Edmonton, ibid. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Hospital Possessions. — Account of the Possessions of Hospital in St. Giles's 
 Parish (withaVhAN of them,) and in various other Parishes and Places in and 
 near London ; containing the Names ofantient Landholders, and Particulars 
 of their Estates in St. Giles's Parish, and its Neighbourhood ; and in upwards 
 of sixty other Parishes and Places in and around the Metropolis, p. 60 to 92. — 
 Chronological Table of Events relating to Hospital, from its foundation to its 
 dissolution, ^c. 93 to 96. 
 
 ACCOUNT OF ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 General View of its Antient State; — viz. Origin and Name. — Extent 
 and Population, p. 97 to 99. — Roads and Ditches, p. 99 to lOL — Antient 
 Landholders, and chief Partitions of Land, p. 101 and 102. — Tenements and 
 Dwellings, p. 103. — General Appearance before built on, p. 103 and 104. — 
 Altered Appearance in the reign of Henry VIII, p. 105. — Stale and Appear- 
 ance in the reign of Elizabeth, with Plate, containing a View, <^c. of it at 
 that period, p. IO6. — Parts frst built on, and general Account of its Buildings 
 before I7O8, 106 to 108. — General Remarks, 108. — Divisions, Artificial and 
 
 ■ Natural, ^c. p. 109 and 110. 
 
 C H ap. 
 
 '■«■ 
 
viii TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Names of early Landholders, their Estates, and antient Tenants or Occupiers 
 of, mth Account of Streets and Places built on, and other Particulars j viz. 
 —Division I. (Town's End to Aldexvych, West, J p. U\ to llQ.—Rose and 
 Crown Yard — Dudley-court, and Lloyd's-court, p. llQ.— Denmark-street, 
 116 and II7. — Stidwell-street, and the different Courts, <§-c. adjoining it, 
 p. 117 and 118. — Hog-lane, ^.118. — Monmouth-street, p. 118 and 119.— 
 Seven Dials, and its antient Ditch, called Cock and Pye Ditch, p. 119 to 125. 
 -r~Bffwl Yard ; South Side of St. Giles' s-street ; Short's Gardens j Brownlow- 
 street, S^c. p. 125 to 130. — Division II. (Aldewych East, J antient State, ^c. 
 of, p. 130 to 132; and Places since built on-, viz. Lewknor' s-lane ; Coal 
 Yard, p. 132. — Parker' s-lane ; Newton-street-, St. Thomas-street-, and Little 
 and Great Queen-streets, p. 133 and 134>. — Division III. (Campum de Alde- 
 wych, J or Oldwick Close, p. 134. — Holford Family, and their Gift of Estate 
 here to Poor, p. 135 and 136, — Buildings on, and Inhabitants in the reign 
 of Charles I, and Account of Streets, 8gc. now standing on the scite of, p. 137 
 and 138. — Division IV. ("Ficattesfeld, and Land next the Bars,) antient 
 State of, and Particulars as to, p. 139 to 144 ; including Account of Lincoln' s- 
 Inn Square (built on site ofFikattesfeld,)p. 141 to 148. — Holbom, 148 and 149. 
 — Whetstone Park, its former profligate cJiaracter, 8^c. 149 and 150. — Divi- 
 sion V. North side (Bloomsbury West, S^cJ Account of Land, antiently called 
 the "Pittaunce Croft," and other Estates adjoining to, p. 150 to 152. — Streets 
 and Places, since built on, viz. Church-street, p. 152. — Dyot-street, and character 
 of its Inhabitants, p. 153. — Plumbtree-street, ^c. p. 154. — Division VI. North 
 side, (Bloomsbury East,) Origin oftlie Name of Bloomsbury, and Account of, 
 and of the Streets and Places built on, viz. Great Russell-street, and noble Man- 
 sions there ; Bloomsbury-square and Market, Kingsgate, Southampton, and 
 other Streets, ^c. p. 155 to 159. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 Antient State of the Boundaries of St. Giles's Parish, with Copper-plate Plan 
 of, p. 160 ; and Account of the following Places, viz. Eldestrate, or Old' 
 street, Colmannesliegg, and Estates at, p. I60 to 162. — Westminster Fields, 
 Merslade, Langemere, ^x. p. 162 to iQQ.—^The Elms, or Elm Close (now 
 Long Acre,) I66 to lQ9.—Covent Garden, 169 to I7I.— Via de Aldewych, 
 
 or 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. ix 
 
 or Drury-lane, 172 to 174. — Oldwick Close (North and East Sides,) p. VJ5 
 and 176. — Picket's Field (South and Hast Sides,) with Account of Clare- 
 market ; Portugal-street ; the Old Priary, now Lincoln's Inn, ^c. p. I76 to 
 181.— Holborn Bars, and Hosjntal Estates at, p. 181 ^0 I87. — Holborn Cross, 
 p. I87. — Gray's Inn, and Red Lion Pields, p. 187 and 188. — North and 
 North-east Boundaries, 8^c. p. 188 to 190. 
 
 CHAP. III. AND IV.* 
 
 Account of Distinguished Buildings j — viz. St. Giles's Church', decayed 
 State and Demolition of the Original, or Hospital Church, with Architec- 
 tural Description of it, p. 191 to 193. — Second Church — Preparations for 
 building the late, or Second Church, including an Account of Contributors to 
 the Building, and Consecration of, p. 193 to 200. — Vestry Minutes concerning, 
 and Description of its Interior, Ornaments, ^c. p. 200 and 201. — Spoliation 
 of by the Puritans, containing further Account of, illustrated by a Plate, re- 
 presenting an exterior View of it, about 1719, p. 202 to 206. — Particulars of 
 its fine Painted Glass Windows, ^c. p. 207. — Present Church — Notices as to 
 the building of, Contract with the Architect (Mr. Fitter oft,) and Specification of 
 the Work, Materials, S^x. to be used in tlie building, S^c. p. 207 to 213. — Ar- 
 chitectural Description and Plate, containing two Views of present Church, 
 ^.214. — Churchyard, Resurrection, and other Gates, Account of, and Inter- 
 ments and Monuments, in the First, as well as in the Old or Second Church, 
 p. 214 to 226. — Parsonage House, p. 226 and 'iT}. — Buildings for Co7ifine- 
 ment. Punishment, S^c. viz. Pound and Cage, Round House, Watch House, 
 Stocks, Whipping Post, and Gallows, p. 227 to 231.— Chapels and Places 
 of Worship ; as Southampton, Bloomsbury, Queen-street, and Bedford 
 Chapels; and Bloomsbury Church, p. 231 to Q33. — Charitable Establishments, 
 or Buildings for Relief of Poor ; as. Almshouses, Workhouse and its Infir- 
 mary or Hospital, Pest House, Free Schools, ^c. p. 233 and 234. — Places of 
 Amusement ; viz. Cockpit and Phoenix Theatre, p. 234 to 236. — Inns, and 
 Houses of Entertainment, including Account of the Croche Hose, Swan-on-le- 
 hop. White Hart, Rose, Vine, Maidenhead, Tottenhall, ^c. with Plate, p. 237 
 
 to 
 
 • This portion of the Work has been wrongly numbered " Chap. IV," instead of Chap. Ill, the 
 account of " Distinguished Buildings " having been intended to form two chapters instead of one ; 
 Chapter III must therefore be taken to be included with Chapter IV, under this head. Ste 
 " Errata," at the end of Volume. 
 
 b 
 
X TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 to 243. — Mansions of Nobility and Gentry, ^-c. ; 'viz. Dudley, Southampton, 
 Warwick andDrury Houses, j9.244->5. — Montague House, p. 'S.-iS-O. — Thanet 
 House, Brpwnlow House, or Hospital, andDyot House, with Plate, containing 
 Views of them, p. 246-7- — Weld House, 247 to 249. — Newcastle House, with 
 a Plate, containing a North-west View of, p. 249. — Ancaster, or Lindsey 
 House, and other noble Houses in Great Queen-street, with Plate, containing 
 Views of, p. 250. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 Historical and Miscellaneous Account of ; — viz. Sir John Oldcastle aiid the Lollards, 
 Babington's Plot, ^x. p. 252 to 256. — Burning of the King's Stables at Blooms- 
 bury, p. Q56-7 ; of Montague-house (1685-6,) p. 257-8. — Execution of Lord 
 William Russell, p. 258. — Historical Account of the Plague, and its operation 
 on this Parish at different periods, with curious Entries, <§r. concerning, p. 258 
 to 267. — Articles exhibited against Dr. Heywood (Rector,) in 1642, p. 267 
 to 269. — Parish Concerns, containing Accounts and Extracts from Parish 
 Books, <^r. as to the following (among other J sul^ects, viz. Names of Places, 
 p. 269 and 270 ; Fines, Offences, ^c. p. 270 and 27 1 ; Sacrilege, Robbery, 
 p. 271 and 272 ; Political Events, ^c. p. 272 and 273 -, Eminent Preachers, 
 ^r.j9. 273-4. — Vestry, an Account of Names of eminent Vestrymen, Disputes 
 with Bloomsbury Vestry, 8^c. p. 274 to Q'JQ. — Parish Officers, an Account of, 
 p. 280 to 285. — The Church, Burial Grounds, S^c. p. 285 to 290. — Extra 
 Chapels, p. 290 and 291. — Perambulations, Boundaries, ^c. p. 291 anrf292. — 
 Highways, Paving, Cleansing, Watching, Lighting of. Fire Engine, S^'c.p. 292 to 
 298. — Poor ; Account of the first Introduction of strange Poor into Parish, dif- 
 ferent kinds of, <§-c. p. 298 to 300. — Irish Poor ; Vestry Orders to prevent the 
 Influx, and Settlement of, in Parish ; Entries of Relief to certain Classes of, in 
 the reign of Charles I, p. 300 to 302. — Vagrajits ; Droll Names of some of the 
 antient ones, as preserved in the Parish Books, and Notices as to j General 
 Character and Corruption of Manners among, in 1753, <§-c. p, 303 to 305. — 
 Legitimate Poor ; Account of. Entries of Relief to, and List and Particulars of 
 Estates left for their benefit, and by whom, p. 305 to 313 ; Entries as to 
 pensioning, apprenticing, farming them out, S^c. p. 313-14 ; and Account of 
 Establishments for their Relief, including additional Particulars of tJie Work- 
 house, Almshouses, Charity Schools, S^c. p. 314 to 328. — Manors of St. Giles 
 
 and 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. xi 
 
 and Bloomshury, Account of, and of the Formation of Bloomsbury Church and 
 Parish, ^c. p. 328 to 340. 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 Names and Particulars of the principal antient Families resident in Parish, as 
 preserved in the Hospital Records, from the reigns of Henry I and II, 
 downwards, including Notices of the Blemonte, Russell, Spencer, Christemass, 
 Sackville, and other-Families, p. 341 to 344. — Account (with short Biographical 
 Memoirs) of noble and eminent Parishioners, from the reign of Henry VIII, 
 to the end of the reign of Charles I, p. 344 to 360 ; ditto, from Charles II, to 
 the Revolution, p. 360 to 383. — Vestrymen, p. 383 to 386. — Account of 
 Tradesmen and their Tokens in the reign of Charles II, with a Plate, p. 386 
 to 388. — Noble and eminent Parishioners continued to tJie reign of George III, 
 p. 388 to 393. — Rectors, Curates, 8^c, Chronological List, with Accounts and 
 Memoirs of, from the reign of Henry VIII, to the present time, with a Plate 
 of Autographs, p. 393 to 410. — List of Churchwardens, from I617 to I76I, 
 p. 411 and 412 ; Ditto, of Vestry Clerks, from their frst appointment in the 
 reign of Charles II, p. 412 and 413. 
 
PLATES, &c. 
 
 THE Engraved Title ... to face the Letter press title page. 
 
 Seals of St. Giles's Hospital and Burton St. Lazar (worked in on p. 38. J 
 View and illustrative Plan of Hospital, Church and Parish (worked in on p. 54!.) 
 Plan of Hospital and Precincts {worked in on p. 59.) 
 
 Dlustrative Plan of St. Giles's Parish, between the years "1 , ^ r.^ 
 
 1200 and 1300 - - . / w jace p. 03 
 
 View of the North West Suburbs of London, with St. Giles's Parish, in the 
 reign of Queen Elizabeth - - - - - -to face p. 105 
 
 Plan of the antient State of St. Giles's Parish - - - - — 160 
 
 The Old Church of St. Giles in the Fields . - - . — 206 
 
 Two Views of the present Church — 213 
 
 Inns and Houses of Entertainment — 240 
 
 Views of Thanet and Dyot House, and of Brownlow House - — 246 
 
 View of Newcastle House - — 249 
 
 View of Ancaster House, and Houses in Great Queen-street - — 250 
 
 Tokens of Tradesmen -_. — 386 
 
 Autographs of eminent Parishioners — S93 
 
 y 
 
SOME ACCOUNT 
 
 • *>-•• 
 
 • 1 > !• 
 
 OF 
 
 §:UmW^ ^o^pitnt 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 'H"^ HE Hospital of Saint Giles arose from the pious munificence of Matilda, Antiquity ()f 
 -■- or Maud, as she is termed by some historians, daughter of Malcolm, of St. Giles, 
 king of Scotland, and queen to king Henry the first ; who in the words of a. d. iioi. 
 Leland, in the year of our Lord 1101, " founded, overagainst the west suburb 
 of London, a house for the maintenance of lepers, with an oratory and ofiices, 
 called The Hospital of St. Giles." (') 
 
 The 
 (') " Matildis uxor Henrici primi versus years as a recluse. The story of His tame 
 occidentalemplagamLondoniarumunamDo- his being nourished, while in this *'"''• 
 mum ad Leprosorum sustentationem cum era- retirement, with the milk of a tame hind, has 
 torio et officinis a;dificavit et vocatur Hos- affordedafavouritesubject for painters. This 
 pitale S. Egidij." — Leland Coll. vi.p.6oo. animal, the hunters one day pursued to the 
 
 St. Giie$, who, St. GiLES, the patron of this hermit's cell, and attempted to kill, hut the 
 and when he hospital and of numerous churches arrow wounded the Saint, to whom it had 
 jimim e ^^^j^ .^ England and abroad, ac- flown for protection, who nevertheless con- 
 cording to the best accounts, was an Athenian tinned his prayers, and refused any indcra- 
 by birth, and of noble, if not royal, extraction, nification for the injury he had sustained, 
 and flourished at the end of the seventh and After this adventure, St. Giles got into high 
 beginning of the eighth centuries. Butler, in favour with the French king, but would not 
 his Lives of the Saints, charges the biogra- forsake his solitude. Many miracles are, as 
 phers of Saint Giles vnth confounding him usual, ascribed to him by the monkish writers, 
 with the bishop of Aries, of the same name, which, if a matter of doubt with the enlight- 
 who lived at another period. Extraordinary ened part of mankind, at least serve to prove 
 piety and a love of solitude, are said to have his high reputation for sanctity, and account 
 induced him to quit his own country and retire for his subsequent fame. He is said, towards 
 to France, where, near the mouth of the the close of his life, to have admitted several 
 Rhone, he formed an hermitage. He after- disciples, and to have settled excellent disci- 
 wards retreated near the river Gard, and lastly pline in the monastery of which he was the 
 immured himself in a deep forest in the foundcr,and which in succeeding ages became 
 diocese of Nismes, where he passed many a flourishing abbey of the Benedictine order, 
 
 B though 
 
2 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Description The description of the site — the number of lepers, and regulations for their 
 &V^o/l'he nianagenieXit; the lists of masters, and possessions, and other particulars of this 
 Hospita), , fgandatioiy^kfe furnished by a valuable MS. once belonging to the hospital, 
 now iri 'the British Museum, which adds to the meagre notice of Leland, and 
 other printed authorities, a most interesting mass of information ('). We shall 
 arrange the selections made from it (as best tending to elucidate the following 
 account) under different heads ; — ^in the mean time giving, by way of intro- 
 duction, a few concise notfces of the leprosy itself, the principal establishments 
 in England for its relief, the legal disabilities of lepers, and such other parti- 
 culars, as may properly precede the history of such a foundation. 
 
 Leprosy; its 
 character, 
 and founda- 
 tions for its 
 relief. 
 
 Carew's 
 Survey of 
 Cornwall. 
 
 LEPROSY; FOUNDATIONS IN ENGLAND FOR ITS RELIEF; LEGAL 
 DISABILITIES OF LEPERS; &c. 
 
 This disorder is first mentioned in the Scriptures, in the book of Leviticus ; 
 where the symptoms of leprosy, and the management of places and persons 
 infected with it, are minutely described. Of the country whence it originated, 
 opinions are various, but most concur in believing it to have been an African 
 disease, and brought from Egypt by the Israelites, for whom Moses was com* 
 manded to make the ordinances just alluded to. It was early known in Europe, 
 being called by the Greeks Elephantiasis, *' for that these lepers skins," says 
 Burton in his Leicestershire, " are like the elephants, rough, with black wannish 
 spots, and dry parched scales and scurf, and is described by Nicholas Piso, to 
 be an infectious and fretting humour of the whole body ; caused, either by a 
 melancholy humour, mixed with a bloody mass, and brought to the skin and 
 outward parts, or some hereditary disease from parents, ill diet," &c. And 
 the same author supposes it to have been brought to England by the Romans, 
 first in the time of Pompey the Great, sixty years before Christ, and afterwards 
 under Heraclius, the Emperor, anno 606. 
 
 Carew (Survey of Cornwall) mentions the leprosy as a disorder very frequent 
 in that county at the time he wrote (reign of James I,) and that it was occasioned 
 most by the disorderly eating of sea-fish newly taken, and principally the livers 
 
 of 
 
 though it has long since been converted into memorated in the martyrologies of Bede, 
 CAurcterfcdi- a collegiate church of canons. A Ado, and others, and has various churches 
 catedtohim. considerable town was built about dedicated to him in France, Poland, &c. as 
 it, called " St. Giles's," which was famous in well as England, 
 the wars of the Albigenses. This Saint is com- (*) Harl. MSS. ^"4015. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 3 
 
 of them, not well prepared, soused, pickled or condited ; and sets down three 
 spital houses there, endowed with lands for the better maintenance of them. 
 
 About the time of the Norman conquest, this disease had become so prevalent 
 in England, that it was found necessary to build hospitals for preventing lepers 
 from mixing with society. Hugh de Orivalle, bishop of London in 1075, was 
 violently afflicted with leprosy, of which he could never be cured. And its 
 increasing virulence in 1179, occasioned the Council of Lateran to decree, that 
 leprous people for the future, instead of being gathered together in community, 
 should be permitted to have a church, church-yard, and priest of their own, 
 saving to parish churches their rights, and that lazar houses should not be 
 compelled to pay tythes for the increase of their own proper cattle. 
 
 Numerous hospitals, inconsequence, arose about the same time, or before. Early erec- 
 Of these, St. Giles's Hospital, London, was the earhest, if we except that of ^?" ?^^*- _ 
 St. James, which Stowe says was founded before • the conquest. St. Lazarus pital. 
 of Burton, or the Hospital of Burton St. Lazar, as it was more generally called, 
 was the next. This hospital, (which stood in Leicestershire, upon the summit 
 of a hill near the town of Burton,) is supposed to have been built by a general 
 collection made throughout England, and having been afterwards intimately 
 connected with St. Giles's, will demand a few words to be said of it. Roger de 
 Mowbray, who lived in the reign of king Stephen, 1135-1154, was a considerable 
 benefactor to it, and to the Hospital of St. Lazarus at Jerusalem, from which the 
 name was taken. Its riches, subsequently, became so great, that all the inferior 
 lazar-houses in England, were in some measure subject to its master, as he himself 
 was to the master of the lazars at Jerusalem ('). It consisted of a master, and 
 eight sound, as wxU as several poor leprous brethren, who professed the order 
 of St. Augustine, and in their common seal gave the picture of that saint, with 
 two escutcheons, one of Mowbray, the other a red cross in a white field (*). 
 To this hospital belonged as dependant cells, an hospital at Careton; Wyndham 
 Chapel in Norfolk, otherwise called Westwade Chapel ; the Hospital of the 
 Holy Innocents near Lincoln, annexed to Burton in 1456 ; St. Giles's Hospital, 
 London, &c. 
 
 Lepers, 
 (') Nichols, Leicestershire, v. ii. p. 272. to the custody of St. Giles's Hospital, being 
 This fact, though asserted also by other himself subject to the hospital at Jerusalem, 
 writers, seems doubtful : By pleadings before — denies all dependance on that house, not- 
 the king's justices, in the reign of Henry IV, withstanding his stile of " Magr. Hosp' Bur- 
 (for which see under that reign,) the master ton Sci' Lazari de Jerlm' in Anglia." 
 of Burton St. Lazar, in answer to an ob- (*) See the representation of this seal, near 
 jection, — that he had no right of his own the end of the next chapter. 
 
 B 2 
 
4 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Disabilities Lepers, in ancient times, according to old law writers, were subject to various 
 epers. disabilities ; particularly from suing any action, real or personal ; as first, for 
 that he was a leper, and by the writ " de leproso amovendo," was " propter 
 contagionem morbi predicti," as the writ saith, " et propter corporis deformi- 
 tatem," to be removed from the society of men to some solitary place ; and 
 therefore, as Bracton saith, (*) " talis placitare non potest; nee haereditatem 
 petere." And herewith agreed John Breton, (*) and also Fleta, (') saying 
 " competit etiam sit exceptio propter lepram manifestam ut si petens leprosus 
 fuerit et tarn deformis quod a communione gentium merito debet separari, talis 
 enim morbus petentem repellit ab agendo;" which was grounded upon God's 
 law in Leviticus before mentioned. 
 Conjectures This disorder, once so formidable, is weU ascertained by modern practitioners, 
 to have been only a more inveterate stage of scurvy ; as is also a species of 
 leprosy, called the Arabian or Eastern leprosy, in contradistinction to that of 
 the Greeks and Europe. Its effects are to render the limbs swollen and 
 tuberous; the skin bloated, rough and wrinkled ; the callous part of the feet, 
 and other members, ulcerated and varicated. Good medical management, and 
 a cleanlier mode of ^living, have almost extinguished this malady at present. 
 
 (') Lib. V. fol. 441. (') Lib. vi. cap. 39. 
 
 (*) Vol. 39 and 88, treating of disabled 
 men. 
 
 on the le 
 prosy. 
 
ACCOUNT OF 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 St. Giles's Hospital. — Foundation and Endowment. — Number of Lepers, ^c. to 
 be maintained, as Jirst established. — Early Donations. — Chronological Series 
 of Royal Charters, 8^c. — And Historical Particulars concerning, from the 
 Reign of Henry II, to the Dissolution. 
 
 ^ I ''HE foundation charter of Matilda (the substance of which will be given Foundation 
 
 hereafter) ordained Forty Lepers, One Chaplain, One Clerk, and One ^1?^''.^" °^ 
 
 Matilda. 
 
 -L 
 
 Messenger, or servant ("valetum,) to be provided for on this establishment ; to 
 which were added in aftertimes, as the hospital revenues increased, several 
 other officers, and also a certain number of matrons or sisters. These latter, 
 who were termed sound, in contradistinction to the lepers, had the government 
 of the house committed to them, as will be seen when speaking of the masters, 
 officers, &c. The original endowment for the maintenance of this number of 
 persons, was only £. 3 per annum ; a sum so small, that Maitland in noticing 
 the circumstance, finds considerable difficulty to account how it should have 
 been sufficient, notwithstanding the immense difference in the price of provi- 
 sions then and now. It is to be noticed however, that lazar-houses, when first 
 built, were allowed, as a means of augmenting their income, to send upon every 
 market day to the markets, and with a dish called a clap-dish, to beg corn. 
 The sickness and loathsome appearance of persons diseased, and so employed, 
 giving great disgust, as well as exciting apprehension, many withheld their 
 charity ; upon which account they were afterwards restrained from begging at 
 large, but were permitted to send the proctor of the hospital, who came with 
 his box, one day in every month, to the churches and other religious houses, 
 at time of service, and there received the voluntary gifts of the congregations : 
 ( ' ) and of this privilege St. Giles's Hospital no doubt availed itself. 
 
 Whatever 
 (") Philips's Hist, of Shrewsbury, p. ii6. This custom is said to be the origia of the 
 present practice of collecting by briefs. 
 
ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Revenues of 
 St. Giles's 
 Hospital. 
 
 Henry 11, his 
 liberality. 
 
 His charter 
 grant to 
 St. Giles's. 
 
 Whatever was the insufficiency of the original revenue however, but a short 
 time elapsed before the hospital became enriched by additional donations. The 
 principal of these (and which were given so early as between the reigns of 
 Henry I, and Henry II,) consisted of certain alms, or pensions, issuing from 
 premises in Isleworth ( Istleworde,) in Middlesex, given by Bernardo de Wale- 
 rico ; land in Holborn, near the bar, on which the hospital afterwards built 
 seven houses, the gift of Richard Young, a canon of St. Paul's cathedral ; four 
 acres of land, purchased of WilUam de Albini, surnamed Pincerna, or cup- 
 bearer, and two other acres of land, lying in St. Giles's parish ; ten shillings 
 rent, issuing from premises in the parish of St. Clement Danes, given by Peter, 
 the son of Meilane ; land and tenements in London, given by Robert, the son 
 of Ralph ; and the rectory and church of Feltham, in Middlesex, with the 
 advowson and right of patronage to the vicarage and land lying in the same 
 village, given by Hawise, countess de Rumare. ( ^ ) 
 
 To these were added, by Henry II, whose liberality to this charity properly 
 ranks him as a second founder, the following gifts and privileges, as specified 
 in his charter ; viz. 
 
 Henry, &c. Be it known, that for the love of God, and for the souls of king 
 Henry my grandfather, queen Matilda my grandmother, he. I do grant, 
 and by this my present charter confirm unto God and the Hospital of St. 
 Giles without London, where John of good memory was late chaplain, and to 
 the infirm lepers there, the site on which the same hospital is built, together 
 with sixty shillings rent, which the said queen assigned to the same infirm at 
 the time said hospital was founded, for food, issuing out of the queen's wharf, 
 called, i^ldereshethe: and I do further grant to the said hospital, sixty shilhngs, 
 to be paid out of my exchequer yearly, on the feast of St. Michael, for providing 
 the same lepers with clothes ; as also thirty shillings and five-pence, of my rents 
 in Surrey, in perpetual alms, to buy them lights ; also, I do grant and confirm 
 
 all 
 
 (*) This gift was confirmed by Eustace, elemosinam p'aia' sua qz salute ecclesiam de 
 bishop of London, about anno 1221, in the F (Feltham) cu universis p'tris suis ad p' dci 
 following words : Eustace, .Dei Gra London exhibiconem informis contulisse manifeste 
 Epus omb'z see Matris Ecd'ie filiis Sallm p'hendim* Undenos p'fatecoraitissedonacio- 
 in Dno ad Universatis vre noticiam p'senti nem cupie desiderium voluntates attendentes 
 scriplo volumus de venire cartam nobilis eand'm facturam approbantes donaco'em 
 femine Hadewisie quandam Comitisse de ipam ut decuit ratam habuim' et ut ead'm 
 Rumare nobis p'sentatem fuisse ex an' testi- noiatis Infirmis p'petus inviolata p'manet 
 monie eand'm commitisam Infirmis sancti earn p'sentcs pagine conscrip'cone et sigilli 
 Egidij extra London in puram et perpetuam n'ri abi'padependentis,&c.Harl.MSS.40i5. 
 
HENRY THE SECOND'S CHARTER. 
 
 John, their 
 reigns. 
 
 all reasonable gifts and exemptions on record which have heretofore been made 
 to them, to wit : (here are particularized the before-mentioned gifts of the 
 church of Feltham,) &c. (') 
 
 This charter is without date ; but from the circumstance of WilUam deMan- 
 deville, earl of Essex, being one of the witnesses to it, it must have been 
 granted some time between the years 1166 and 1189, because this William suc- 
 ceeded his father GeofFery de Mandeville in 1166, and the same William died in 
 1189, which last date is also the year in which king Henry II died, viz. 1189. 
 
 The reigns of Richard, and John, appear to furnish no events in which the Richard and 
 hospital was particularly concerned, except in the article of property ; no 
 
 further 
 
 (') Carta regis Henrici Secundi Donato- de Feltham et terrain quam habentin ead'm 
 rum. Concessiones Recitans et Confirmans. villa: Etomnemelemosinam quam habentia 
 Pat.4. Henricus Dei Gratise Rex hundredodelstlewordededonationeBernardi 
 
 Ed.i7r.n.26, _4ng]ige g^^ Dux Norm' & Aquit' de Walerico, et terram de la Barre quam 
 
 per impeximus, ^ ajai-** 
 
 Pat. 1. & Comes Andeg Archiepiscopis tenent de Ricardo Juniore canonico sancti 
 
 faris^n. 17 Ep'is Abbatibz Comitibz Baron' Pauli ecclesiae London! sicut cartas eorum 
 
 Justic' Vicecomitibz Ministris & testantur: Et quartuor acras terrae quas ipsi 
 
 omibz fidelibzsuis Francis £c Anglis Salutem emeruntdeWillielmoPincerna:Etduas acras 
 
 Sciatis me pro amore Dei et pro animabz quas emerunt de Gaufrido filio Fredesendi: 
 
 regis Henrici avi mei et Matildis regine aviae Et xsolidis redditus quos habent in parochia 
 
 mea et pro salute mei &. antecessorum et sue- S. dementis ecclesiaj Dacorum de donatione 
 
 cessorum meorum concessisse et presenti Petri filij Meilene sicut in scriptis eorum con- 
 
 carta mea confirmasse Deo et Hospitale S. tinetur: Et totum terram quam habent in 
 
 Egidij extra London ubi Johannes bonse me- London de dono Roberti filij Radulphi cum 
 
 moriaB fuit capellanus & Infirmis Leprosis omnibus alijs tenementis suis rationabiliter 
 
 ibidem degentibus locum ipsum in quo fun- sibi concessis quae in predicta civitate habent. 
 
 datum est ibidem Hospitale cum Lx solidis Quare volo &. firuiit p'cipio q'd p'fat'um Hos- 
 
 Pat.2'"" redditusquospredictareginaeidem pitale &. Lep'si ibidem degentes om'ia sua 
 
 pan 2"'''' n. 17. Hospitali assignavit ad victum In- p'nominata tenementa que eis rationabilit' 
 
 In Turr. Lon- firmorum quando fundavit idem concessa sunt aut impostum concedentis p' 
 
 Hospitale habendos annuatim de h'eant et teneant bene & in pace lib'e & 
 
 Ripa Reginee quae appellatur Aldershethe & quiete plenarie et integre & honorifice in 
 
 cum Lx solidis quos Ego concessi eidemHos- bosco & piano imp'tis & pasturis in aquis & 
 
 pitali habendos singulis annis ad Festum S. molendinis in vijs 8c semitis & in om'ibz aliis 
 
 Michaelis de scaccario meo ad emenda vesti- locis relz ad ea p'tinentibz et om'ia d'nica te- 
 
 menta Leprosis ejusdem Hospitalis : Etcum nementa sua sunt lib'a &, quieta ab om'ibz 
 
 XXX solidis et v den' de redditii meo de Sur- Eccl' 8t Danegeld Scutag' Regnard' Essart & 
 
 reia in perpetuam elemosynam ad emenda sibi opa'coe Pontiu Castallorq' Parcoq' vivarisq' 
 
 luminaria Preterea concedo eis et confirmo ScclausurisHydagiis assissis&summonicoibz 
 
 omnes subscriptas donationes et 'emptiones & auxiliis & p'litis vicetor & s'vientu suorq' 
 
 quee rationabiliter eis facta; sunt et cartis do- 8c communi assissa &. misc' dia comitatu & 
 
 natorum et sibi vendentiam confirmatae, sciii- om'ibzoccasionibz Scconsuetudinibz&deom'i 
 
 cit, ex dono Hawisia de Rumare ecclesiam treno s'vicio & seculare exa'ccone cum Sacha 
 
 8c 
 
ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Increase of 
 Hosp. Reve- 
 nues in reign 
 Hen. III. 
 
 further donations were made by either of those princes ; but from the benevo- 
 lence of private persons it was much benefited. This appears by the book of 
 grants of the hospital estates, whose entries commence " an. reg. Ric. I.primo," 
 (a few only of them being of an earlier date,) and contain numerous gifts of 
 land and houses, rent-charges, &c. made about that time ; most of them lying 
 in the city of London, and surrounding parishes. (*) 
 
 The reign of Henry III was equally propitious with the above in adding to 
 the hospital revenue, but is nearly as barren in information respecting its other 
 concerns ; no charters or grants of that monarch to it being in existence. From 
 pope Alexander IV, however, the hospital received a confirmation of its estates 
 and privileges, in the following bull, by which it was also taken under the special 
 protection of the Roman see. (') 
 
 Confirmatory 
 
 & Socha & Thol & Theam & Infanguine 
 theof & Wardpeni & Averpeni &. cum om'ibz 
 aliislibtatibz &lib'ris consuetudinibz excepto 
 murdio &. latrocino. In Testimonium, &c. 
 
 T. RiCARDO, 
 
 G. Eliensi, 
 
 J. NoRWicENSi, Episcopis, 
 ComiteWill de Mandeville, 
 Ran de Glanvilla, (8cc.) 
 apud Westm. 
 
 (♦) See Chap. IV. Account of the Hosp. 
 Possessions, under the following parishes ; 
 Sci' Egidij et campis de Westmonast', Sci' 
 Pan'oracij. Sci' Andrea Holeburn, Sci' de- 
 menti Dacor', 8cc. 
 
 (') Alex' Epus svus sv'or Dei Dil§s fil' 
 Lep'sus Sci' Egidij ex* London commune 
 vitam p'fssis impp'm Effectum infra postulan- 
 tibus indulgere & vigor equitatis et ordo pos- 
 tulat' rv'ris p'fectu cu'potencij voluntatem et 
 iatinoW/imai.pietasadmuat&nonreliquitcappt 
 HttH. MSS. Dil'ci in Dn'a Filij vr'is iustis pos- 
 tulacoib'zq"to concurrent assensu 
 & locu' in quo fundatum est vr'm Hospitalu 
 sub BT Petri & nr'a p'teccione suscipimus 
 & p' sentes scr'pti p' viiigio communim* sta- 
 
 tuentes ut quas cumqz possesslones que cu'que 
 bona idem Hospitaie in p' senciar' inst 8& 
 canonica possidet aut in fulur' concessione 
 Pontificium largic'oe Regum vel Principiu 
 oblacoe Fideliu' seu aliis iustis modis Deo 
 p'cio posit adipisci firma nob'v'ris qz suc- 
 c'oribz & illi vita ^'maneant In quibz hec 
 prius duxim' exprimendo vocablis locu'ipsum 
 in quo fundatum est ip'm Hospitaie cu' 
 Gardinis et octis acris que adjacent eid' Hos- 
 pitaie exp'te australi 8c exp'te Aquilonar' 
 Et p'tea sexaginta sol' reddit quos Regina 
 Matilda bonae memoriae assignavit eidem 
 Hospitaie annuatim de Ripa Reginae quando 
 fundavit ide' Hospitaie ad victu' Infirmor' 
 Et Lx' quos Henr' illust'us Rex Angl' con- 
 cessit eidem Hospitaie de Scc'io suo in Festo 
 ScT Michis ad enienda sibi vestimenta sin- 
 gulis annis Et xxx sol' vob' quos de redditu 
 suo de Surreiae ad emenda orbi Luminaria 
 in ppetuam elemosina' dedit Et cuidam tr'e 
 qua Rog'us fil' Hub'ticus dedit Et ec'cliam 
 de Feltham et tr'am qua'hent in eadani villa 
 de donaco'e Comltis Baldewine de Redmero 
 et Comitissa: Hawj'sie. Et cuidam tr'e cum 
 bosco que 'hent in Hestona de donac'oe Rde 
 Sco Valenco Et tr'a de pd'co qua 'hent de 
 dona'coe prioris Rici London EpT Et tr'am 
 que emerunt de Matilde de Stokes Stheredibz 
 suis quam tenent de Rici Juniore canonici 
 
 London 
 
POPE ALEXANDER'S BULL. 9 
 
 Confirmatory Bull of Pope Alexander IV. 
 " Alexander, bishop, servant of the servants of God. To his beloved Bull of pope 
 children the Lepers of the Hospital of St. Giles without London, professing ^^^ ^W 
 a life of religious community. It having been requested of us, to the effect 
 hereunder, that you may be strengthened and more firmly established agree- 
 ably to law, and exempted from future interruption and inconvenience ; we, 
 beloved children, wishing the accomplishment of such your earnest petition, 
 willingly and piously made, and as far as possible concurring with and 
 assenting thereto ; do, by this our present bull, take you as desired, under 
 the special protection of us and the blessed St. Peter. And we do further 
 order and ordain, that all possessions and goods whatsoever, and of what 
 kind or quality soever, now lawfully belonging to your house, or which may 
 belong to the same, either by grant of the Roman Pontiffs, gift of kings or 
 princes, oblations of the faithful, or which by any other just means propiti- 
 atory to God, your said house may obtain, be firmly assured to you, both 
 during your own lives and the lives of your successors. Among which gifts, 
 we, in the first place; wish more particularly to include the following by 
 name, that is to say ; the place in which the same hospital is founded, with Hospital 
 the GARDENS attached to the same ; and eight acres of land which adjoin the ^''' ^^^ ^^^' 
 said hospital on the south and on the north ; and moreover sixty shillings 
 
 rent, 
 
 London Eccliesicut carte cor' testantur. Et laris ve psona non et indebitis vos exaccoib^ 
 
 quartuor acras tr'equas ip'ieraeruntde Willo vel q^u* nunibj audeat molestare Dediin* 
 
 milite Et quartuor acras tr'e quas emerunt de ergo ut filli o'ro hoini liceat p'fatum Hos- 
 
 G'aufro fil' Fredessant Et una acram qua pitale timere p'turbare aut eiis possessiones 
 
 emerunt de Bumgaro le Stepne tam eidem auserre vel ablatus retine numere seu aliquibj 
 
 Hospitale adjacentes, sicutin scriptis cor' de vexacoibj fatigare se omica Integra concer- 
 
 quib^ emerunt eas distingunt' Et ten' q'd nentes eor' p'quor gubuac'oe & sustentac'oe 
 
 fcent in London de donac'oe Robt'i fil' Rad'i concessa sunt vsibj onamedie pfutura valua 
 
 cum omnibj aliis suis ten' que' bent jn p'dca Sedis Aplica aucte Romans Canoica (Ro- 
 
 civitate. Cu ante g'enale Int'dcm tre' fuit mane Curie) justicia sup~ia Q. infutur' eccle- 
 
 liceat vob' clausis jaiusis exclusis excoetatis siastica secularis ve p'sona banc nre consti- 
 
 Et Int' deitj non pulsatis campanis supps'sa tu'cois pagina sciens cont* de temere venire 
 
 voce Divina officia ceiebrare sane non'alm temptavitsedo tr'io neconioitasinon sat'fac- 
 
 vr'or que prius manibj aut sumptib^ colices co'e congrua amendavit potestatis honoius 
 
 sine de mementis aia'hn vr'or nullus a vob' qd sui dignitate careat recunq, sa Divino 
 
 decimas p'sumat exige adicim" quorq'5 Judicioexistedapenatrainiquitate cognoscat 
 
 p 'senti p'viligio p'hibem' ne aliquis archie- & a sacratissimus, &c. Amen, 
 pus Epus vel aliis q'libet ecclesiastica secu- 
 
 C 
 
10 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Annuities 
 granted by 
 Hen. II. 
 
 Early gifts 
 to hospital. 
 
 See the 
 grant, 
 chap. iv. 
 
 Interdict in 
 the reign of 
 king John. 
 
 rent, which queen Matilda, of pious memory, granted yearly to the same 
 hospital, arising from the queen's wharf, to buy food for the infirm at the 
 time she founded the same hospital ; and also sixty shillings, which the most 
 illustrious Henry, king of England, granted out of his exchequer to the same 
 Hospital on the feast of St. Michael in each year, to supply their apparel, and 
 thirty shillings and five-pence of his rents in Surrey to buy lights, which he 
 gave in perpetual alms ; and also certain land that Roger, the son of Hubert, 
 gave ; and the church of Feltham, and land which they have in the same 
 village, of the gift of earl Baldwin de Redmero and the countess Hawise ; 
 and certain land and woods which they have in Heston, of the gift of 
 R. de Saint Valence ; and land in the same (Heston) which they have origi- 
 nally of the gift of Richard bishop of London ; also land which they bought 
 of Matilda de Stokes and her heirs, and which is held of Richard Young, 
 canon of the church of London (St. Paul's) as their charters witness ; together 
 with four acres of land which they bought of Sir William, Knight (Pinaera) ; 
 and four acres of land which they bought of Geoffery, the son of Fredessant ; 
 and one acre which they bought of Brungaro le Stepne, and lying near to the 
 same hospital, as also set forth in their writings ; and the tenements which 
 they have in London of the gift of Robert, the son of Ralph, with all other 
 their tenements which they have in the same city. And whereas heretofore 
 the general interdict on the country precluded all offerings, forbade the tolling 
 of the bell, and compelled the divine offices to be celebrated in silence, from 
 which offerings, &c. before time, the charges of keeping the festivals, and 
 other necessary expences were wont to be defrayed. And it being also 
 forbidden to commemorate, with the accustomed rites, the souls of the 
 deceased, on which account no tythes could be lawfully demanded. Be it 
 known by this present authority, that all such disabilities shall from henceforth 
 cease ; and we do hereby strictly prohibit all archbishops, bishops, and other 
 ecclesiastics whatsoever, as well as all secular persons, from molesting the said 
 hospital on account thereof, or from any way harassing or disturbing the same, 
 or making any undue levies or exactions upon the infirm therein. And we do 
 grant them in the before-mentioned and all other cases our protection, and do 
 order that none be allowed rashly to meddle with the said hospital, or dare 
 to take away or detain any of their possessions, or in any other manner to 
 injure or vex them, or to interfere with their government, or with any gifts 
 made towards their support and the defraying of their necessary expences, on 
 
 pain 
 
POPE ALEXANDER'S BULL. 11 
 
 pain of incurring the highest displeasure of the apostolic and holy Roman See. 
 
 And we do denounce all persons, ecclesiastical or secular, who in time to 
 
 come shall presume, wittingly and knowingly, to contemn or act contrary to 
 
 this our ordinance, without making or agreeing to make reparation to the 
 
 utmost of their power, whatever may be their rank or dignity ; and those Deimncia- 
 
 possessing authority who shall refuse to hear and redress their grievances, and s„„s i„terfer- 
 
 shall thus commit sin against the most holy body and blood of God our Lord |"g ^f^^^ 
 
 and Saviour Jesus Christ, let them not be heard in like manner in the last rights. 
 
 divine judgment ; but to all who shall respect their rights be peace in our 
 
 Lord Jesus Christ, and may they, for such their good deeds, obtain mercy in 
 
 the said judgment and a final reward. Amen." — (') 
 
 During the interval succeeding, from the date of this bull, until about the 
 year 1300, no particulars of importance are to be found in the hospital history. 
 Many donations, however, appear to have been made to it between those dates ; 
 from which, and the various other grants and transfers of property made by the 
 hospital to individuals, as entered among its records, many hints relative to its 
 concerns may be gathered. Edward I granted them two charters, which also Transactions 
 further inform us of its affairs. The first is dated in the 28th of his reia-n, !:!,.^l\^"!li„„ 
 
 o ' piitii in icisii 
 
 and is a precept addressed to the mayor and sheriffs of London, commanding Edward J. 
 them to assist the master and brethren in recovering certain arrears of rent due 
 to them from their estates in the city. For, exclusively of holding property in 
 several of the parishes in the environs, the hospital at this time possessed lands, 
 houses, tenements or rent-charges in all the principal parishes in town, which, 
 though for the most part individually trifling, were in the aggregate considerable. 
 The nonpayment of the proceeds from these, particularly in the city, is stated 
 in the precept to have occasioned such distress, that the most important 
 curtailments in the establishment must of necessity be made if the arrears were 
 not immediately paid, even to rendering the alms, &c. given by the king and 
 his progenitors of no avail. The smallness of the original endowment, the 
 alteration of the times, and other causes easily to be imagined, no doubt 
 
 contributed 
 
 (') From the historical circumstance of of Henry III being contemporary. The 
 
 the interdict noticed in the above bull, its concerns of the hospital are by this means 
 
 Date rf this date though not mentioned may, continued to a period when its history is 
 
 *""• like the charter of Henry 11, be resumed by other documents, the interval 
 
 pretty nearly ascertained ; that event having between the time of Henry H to Edward I 
 
 happened in the reign of John, and the (when the royal charters again commence) 
 
 pontificate of Alexander IV and the reign being otherwise a blank. Fide ut sup. 
 
 c 2 
 
19 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Chart. Ed. I, 
 as to non- 
 payment of 
 hospital 
 rents. 
 
 Further 
 transactions 
 as to hos- 
 pital, reign 
 Edw. I. 
 
 contributed to render the hospital revenue at this time insufficient for its 
 support, without these augmentations being regularly paid. The following is 
 the precept : — 
 
 " Edward, by the grace of God, king of England, and lord of Ireland and 
 Aquitaine, to his beloved the mayor and sheriffs of London, greeting : — It has 
 been requested of us, by our beloved in Christ, the master of the hospital of 
 St. Giles without London, in exercise of our patronage, and on account of the 
 alms of our progenitors, late kings of England, founders as it is said of the same : 
 That forasmuch as certain rents, &c. are owing to the same hospital in our 
 city of London, to which the said master has just claim, (and which said rents 
 if not paid will make of no avail the alms and other pious works of our proge- 
 nitors, which have been accustomed heretofore to be made and done for their 
 own souls and our healthful estate,) — we should interfere in the same. We 
 therefore, acceding to such their petition, and unwilling that the alms and 
 other like pious deeds so established for the souls of our progenitors should 
 perish, do firmly command, that in consideration of the premises, you be 
 assisting to the said master, &c. where need may require, in such manner, 
 that all rents duly proved to be owing to the said hospital, may, by distress and 
 other legal means, on request of the said master, &c. be put into a way to 
 be recovered, and they be enabled to enjoy as heretofore the alms and other 
 pious offerings belonging thereto." In witness, &c. (') 
 
 How far this precept was effectual to its purpose does not appear. It should 
 seem, judging from after circumstances, that it did not benefit the charity much, 
 as the second charter of the same king informs us, that its concerns had 
 
 continued 
 
 C) Edwardus Dei Gra rex Angl' & Do- inbe're volumus nos nolentes elemosynas seu 
 minus Hifenie & Aquit' Dilcus sibi maiori alia hujusmodi opa p animabz p'dcor p'ge- 
 ... . . , et vice cotnitib^ London Salt'm nitor "nror pie stabilita aliqualil' depire vob' 
 
 Latin irrigmal, rvi i>- • • )!•• 
 
 Har.MSS. supplicavit' nob' Dilcus nob in p'crpimus firmit unumgentes qd sitis in 
 
 Ao. 4,015. Xp5 Magi' Hospitalis Sci Egidij auxil'm p'fato magris ibi ipe non sufficit ad 
 
 extra London quoddenf a paironacuexcicitSc oiiies reddiius quod r'onabilit' docere potit 
 
 de elemosinas p'geintornror quondam regum eidem Hospitaie debere vt p'dcum est pdis- 
 
 Angl' fundat' ut dicitur quod cum ahqui criecoes & alias vias legitiinas Tenand* 
 
 redditus eidem Uospitali in civitate nra quociens et quando opus fnit & p p'futum 
 
 London debeant' idemq^ mag'r ad tenand' magrm sup 'hoc fim'tis requisiti Ita quod 
 
 p'd'cos redditus seu ad elemosinas et alia elemosinas & alia pietatis opa ibidem fa'ce 
 
 pietas opa que p'alabj p'genitor 'nror p'dca possTt vt tenet' T. me ipo apud. Westm' 
 
 & salubri statu nro face debuit &, consuevit xviij die December Anno Rr iii. vicessimo 
 
 faciend' nisi redditus illi ei solvantur non octavo p con'. 
 suflSciuat soluco'em eordem redditu sibi fieri 
 
EDWARD THE FIRST'S CHARTERS. 13 
 
 continued to decline. The cause, however, is not attributed as before to the 
 nonpayment of its rents, but to the quarrels and dissentions which had taken 
 place among the hospital inmates themselves. These, the instrument informs 
 us, had occasioned such dilapidation and waste of the hospital property, that 
 its income had become altogether unequal to its expenditure. From these 
 feuds a consequence resulted which intrenched on one of the most valuable 
 privileges of the hospital. The king made them a pretext for taking away the 
 right of electing their own superior, which they seem hitherto to have possessed, 
 and appointed as master, Geoffery de Birston, one of the brothers of the house. 
 This new master was, by the royal authority, empowered to collect and apply 
 the hospital revenues to their legitimate use, the sustentation of the diseased 
 inmates ; and all persons were forbid to intermeddle with or molest him in so 
 doing; and the hospital is declared by the charter to be under the king's 
 protection. 
 
 No other charters of the same prince occur afterwards, nor does he appear 
 himself to have bestowed any gifts on the establishment. But his patronage 
 may be presumed to have been important to its interests, as it thenceforth 
 became more particularly an object of the attention of the crown, which is 
 evidenced by the several grants made to it by his son and grandson. This 
 second charter of Edward's is dated in the 31st of his reign, and is as follows : 
 
 " Edward, &c. — Know ye, that whereas the house of St. Giles, near London, Second 
 which, of our progenitors, late kings of England, and our own alms, is reputed ag'J^^'jii^fe Jj 
 to be founded, by reason of various quarrels and dissensions which among tions, &c. 
 certain brethren of the same house, before this time, have sprung up and still 
 exist, suffers such miserable dilapidation and deprivation, that the possessions 
 and other fruits of piety to the same devised and held by them are become 
 insufficient at the present day, and greater dilapidation of the goods of the 
 same house may in like manner, by reason of the like quarrels and dissensions, 
 be expected, unless thereupon a remedy be applied to avoid what threatens. 
 We, therefore, compassionating the state of the same house, and the relief 
 thereof appearing to belong to us, do will, that the same house, with its lands, 
 tenements, rents, possessions, things and appurtenances whatsoever, be held to 
 be under our special protection and defence ; and we commit the same King 
 house, &c. unto our beloved in Christ Geoffery de Birston, one of the brothers Geoffery de 
 of the same house ; so that all proceeds, rents and provisions of lands and Birston, 
 possessions for the relief and sustentation of the same, and all alms and other 
 
 works 
 
14 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 works of piety whatsoever be applied and reserved to the use of the same house. 
 And we further will, that none other whatsoever, save the said Geoffery 
 de Birston, intermeddle with the same house, or the lands, &c. of same, so 
 committed by us to the care of the said Geoffery, &c." In witness. (') 
 
 Edward II, by charter bearing date the second year of his reign, granted the 
 
 hospital permission, (in consequence of an inquisition taken by the sheriffs of 
 
 Middlesex, by whom it was certified that the same would be no annoyance,) 
 
 First chart, n that they, a certain way in the village of Feltham, which extended from the 
 
 Edw. II, as "^ "^ 
 
 to stopping a Said Village by the middle court of the said master and brethren, unto the spring, 
 thanT' ' ^" *^^ same village, — might stop up, and be enabled to hold to them and their 
 successors such way so stopped up for ever ; and that the same should thence- 
 forth be solely possessed by and appropriated to their use, together with a certain 
 other way which they wished to enlarge and render more convenient, leading 
 to the said spring, without any impediment of the king or his officers ; such 
 
 two ways to remain to said hospital for ever," &c. (') 
 
 The 
 
 (') Edwardus Dei Gfa Rex. Angl' &c. redditus et p'ventus tras et possessionu pdcor 
 
 Omib^ ad quos p'sentes Lre p 'venr'nt Saltm relevacoi domus p~dce ac siistentacoi elemo- 
 
 Latin original, sclatis quod cuDi domus sci Egidij siiias' et alias pietatis opum de quibj domus 
 
 Har. Mss. juxta Londoii que de p'genitor' ilia vt p mittii' on' uc'e applicent' & reser- 
 
 nror quondam regum Angl' & vani' Nolentes qd aliquis aliis qui pdcus 
 
 nris elemosinas fundatu esse d'moseit' p Galfridus de Domu p'dca aut de tns ten' 
 
 varias dissentiones et debatas que int' quos- rebj; redditib^; seu possessionib^ ejusdem se 
 
 dam fres ejusdem domus ante hec tempore intromittat'quidmdomu illam in manu iplus 
 
 suborte fuerunt et adhuc existavit' tam Galfii'excommissionenracontigit'renianere. 
 
 miserabilis delapidac'oe & deprivare quod In cuius, See. Dat'apud Westin' viij die Maij 
 
 bona illius ad d'visa pietatis opa De quib^ Anno 11. iii, Tricessimo primo. 
 
 eidem domus on'ate marcu tenendanonsuffi- (') Edwardus Dei Gfa rex Angl' &c. 
 
 ciuivit hiis diebus Et maiores delapidaco'cs omnibj; ad quos p~sentes Lra p'vn'runt Saltm 
 
 & de p'vsiones domiu p'dci ex-versimilibj Qui accepimus ^ Inquisico'em quam p vice- 
 
 connecturis p'textu dissentionu et debatar comite nrm midd' fieri fecimus quod non est 
 
 huiusmodi nisi sup hoc remediu p nos cuius ad dampnu vel nocumentu nrm aut alioi si 
 
 apponat' evenire formidiant' Nos statu ejus- concedamus dilcis nob' in Xpo magro et 
 
 dem domtts compacie'ntes & ipTus relevac'on fub^ Hospitalis sci Egidij ex* Barram Vet'is 
 
 pnt ad nos attinet p'mdere volentes domu Templi London qd ip~i quamdaviam in Villa 
 
 illam cum tris ten' rebj redditibj & posses- de Feltham que se extendit a villa p'dca ^ 
 
 sionib3 suis quibuscuncq, sustepimus in midiu curie p'dcor magro' et fratru ibidem 
 
 p'tecco'em & defensionem niram spalem & usqj ad Fontem ejusdem ville obstruor' et 
 
 edem cum eidem tris ten' reb^ redditibu3 et eam obstructam tenere possint sibi et succes- 
 
 possessionib3 suis dilco' nob' in Xpo Fr' sorib3 suis imp~p"'m Ita quod loco dee fieri 
 
 Galfro de Birston confrl domus p'dce com- faciant in solo suo proprio ibidem quandam 
 
 mittimus diend' Ita qd omes excitus aliam viam ad eundem Fontem ducentem 
 
 adeo 
 
EDWARD THE SECOND'S CHARTERS. 15 
 
 ■ The middle court, described in this charter, it seems probable, formed part Middle court 
 of some mansion or building of magnitude on the hospital estate here, which "^ FeiUmm. 
 was either kept as an house of occasional retirement for the master, or was a 
 smaller lazar-house, to which the hospital of St. Giles could send such of their 
 members as were in a convalescent state ; for it is scarcely to be thought 
 that it refers to the yard of a mere common dwelling-house ; ('°) and as the 
 manor of Feltham, as well as the advowson of the church, was vested in the 
 hospital, the building alluded to, in which this middle court was situate, might 
 perhaps have been the manor-house, converted to one of the above men- 
 tioned purposes, and to which it was now judged expedient to make 
 alterations. (") 
 
 The next, and only other charter of this monarch relative to the hospital, is Further tran- 
 dated in the eighth year of his reign, and appears to have been granted at the hospital, 
 request of the master and brothers, to correct an abuse which had crept into r^'S" ^t**- la- 
 this charity, and which did considerable injury to it, viz. ; the introduction 
 of persons into the hospital as residents, who had no claim on the score of 
 disease or otherwise, but were merely placed there through influence. Its 
 necessity will better appear, when it is understood that it was a common 
 practice in the monastic times, and one of which most charitable as well as 
 religious establishments, had to complain, to farm the decayed domestics of 
 the court on convents ; often to an extent they were unable to bear, and of 
 which numerous instances occur. From the latter part of the charter, St. Giles's 
 hospital appears to have been subject to this grievance ; and being a royal 
 
 foundation, 
 
 Latin ori inai ^^^^ largam ct competencetn ('°) St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Smith- 
 
 Har. MSS. Nos volciites p'fatis magro et field, had such secondary buildings for their 
 
 ]Vo. 4,015. frib3g'ramnram in hac parte fa'ce infirm, one of which still exists st.Banhoio- 
 
 spal'em consessimus eis p nob' et Iieridibj at Kingsland, with an antient "'""'' ^""P- 
 
 nris quantuar in nob' est quod ipa viam chapel attached. The other called the 
 
 predictam obstruere et earn obstructam Loke, and which stood at the upper end of 
 
 tenere possint sibi el successorib^; suis Kent-street, Southwark, has been lately 
 
 imp p~ui Ita quod loco p'dce vie fieri faciant demolished. 
 
 in solo suo proprio ibidem quandam aliam (") Robert Simple, to whom great part 
 
 viam ad eundem Fontem ducentem adeo of the hospital land at Feltham was leased 
 
 largam et competencem sicut p'dcm et sine about the reign of John, and curims unure 
 
 oc'cone impedimento nri vel heredam nror possibly this mansion, unless so ofhotp. land. 
 
 Justiciar* Escaet' vicecomitibj aut alior' occupied, was, as a condition of his lease, 
 
 Ballivor' nror' quorcumq, Salvo nro cuiusli- to receive and entertain any of the infirm 
 
 bitj. — In cuius rei, &c. Dat.apud Wyndesore brothers who passed that ^^ ay, with the best 
 
 xvij die Julij anno regno nro' scde. food be had, &c. See Chap. iv. 
 
16 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Second chart. 
 Edw. II, 
 commanding 
 the healthful 
 to be sepa- 
 rated from 
 the lepers. 
 
 Great acces- 
 sions of pro- 
 perty to hos- 
 pital during 
 reigns of 
 Edw. I, and 
 Edw. II. 
 
 foundation, and therefore more immediately under the controul of the king's 
 officers, had been so burthened as to occasion an application for relief, to 
 which the royal precept was an answer. It states, " That whereas, the hos- 
 pital of St. Giles without London, was founded for the reception and main- 
 tainance of lepers only, various persons, not so afflicted, were allowed to 
 reside there, and to be maintained among the lepers, to their great hindrance, 
 as well as to the endangering the health of the sound, who on no account ought 
 to live with or intermix in the society of the diseased. And grants and 
 ordains, that the master and brethren of the said hospital should have and 
 hold the same to themselves, for the use of such leprous persons as were 
 members only, freely and without hindrance of the officers and ministers of 
 the royal household, agreeably to the will of the original founder thereof ;" 
 concluding with a command, " that neither our seneschals, marshals, cham- 
 berlains, or other ministers of our household, be thenceforth allowed to place 
 persons of our said household, or any others whatsoever, in the said hospital, 
 to be there harboured improperly, without licence first obtained from the said 
 master and brethren. (") 
 
 In respect to the hospital property near this period, it is to be observed, that 
 more grants of houses, land, rent-charges, &c. occur during the reign of 
 Edward I, than of any other king. That of Edward II was also productive 
 of various donations to a considerable though not equal extent. So that exclu- 
 sively of the greater part of St. Giles's parish, the hospital became possessed in 
 the reigns of those monarchs, of estates in most of the other parishes in London 
 and its environs ; and this increase of revenue (notwithstanding occasional 
 irregularities of payment, and other obstacles before mentioned) began to 
 
 create 
 
 (") Carta regis Edwardi secundi an. reg. 
 nri 8vo. 
 
 Edward s Dei Gra Rex AngV, &c. Sclatis 
 qd cum Hospitale sci Egidij extra London p 
 Latin .yriginai. Leprosis ibidem recipiend' et 
 Har.Mss. sustentantis sit fundatum & 
 
 A'o. 4,015. 1 T • 
 
 plures Leprosi moram contmuam 
 faciant et sustentent' in eodem et int' hujus- 
 modi Leprosos sana con' v' satis ^ sanis 
 hoibj non existat' nee debeant sani int' CDs' 
 aliqualit' hospitali Nos de assensu consilij 
 nri ordinavim' et concessim' magro et frib^ 
 hospitalis p'dciquod ipi Hospitale illud dum 
 
 Leprosi suibi moram faciant hea'ntetteneant 
 ext' libaco'em Senescalli Mariscallor' Cama- 
 rior' vel alior ministror' Hospicij nn quor- 
 cumq^juxta primariam voiuntatem fundator 
 ejusdem Et qd Senescallus Mariscalli Cama- 
 ria aut alij ministri Hospicij nri libaco'em 
 aliquam p hoibj Hospicij nri aut alijs qui- 
 bus cumqj deceto non faciant in Hospitale 
 p'dca sine Licencia & voluntate Magri & 
 frum p~dcor' In cuius, &c. T. me ip~o apud 
 Westm' quarto die Junij Anno regni nri 
 octavo. 
 
EDWARD THE THIRD'S CHARTERS. 17 
 
 create a consequence about the charity and its concerns, which attracted the 
 particular notice of its royal patrons, but was by no means advantageous to 
 itself, as will be seen in proceeding. 
 
 Edward IH, whose reign may be said to form a sort of era in the history of Further 
 this hospital, as well from the number of his ordinances respecting it, as ^^ ^J hospital 
 from his finally fixing its rank by making it a cell to Burton St. Lazar, issued "' "ign of 
 five different decrees for its regulation, viz. — 1. A charter, dated in the fourth 
 of his reign, reciting by inspeximus, and confirming the charter of his pre- 
 decessor Henry Hd. — 2. A charter dated an. reg, sui 10, reciting the preced- 
 ing one of 8 Ed. H, all of whose concessions it confirms, and grants additional 
 privileges. — 3. A precept directed to the mayor and sheriffs of London, in the 
 20th of his reign, commanding them to make proclamation for all lepers to 
 depart the city. — 4. A charter dated seven years later, granting the custody of 
 St. Giles's hospital to Burton St. Lazar. — And 5. A writ dated in the 31st 
 of his reign, to inquire as to certain riotous acts committed at the hospital, in 
 which it had lost many of its most valuable deeds and papers. The first 
 and second charters, which are literal recitals of the charters of Henry H, and 
 8 Ed. II, it is needless to repeat. (") The third, which is a precept addressed 
 
 to 
 
 (") The first commences as follows, after brismemorie Dno E. nup rex Angl' pat' iiro 
 which it is a mere recital, as stated, of de assensu consilij nriordinassetetconcessisit 
 Henry llnd's charter. magro et frib^ Hospitalis pdca Quod ip~i 
 
 Edwardus Dei Gra Rex Angl. Dnus Hospitale illud dum Lep~si suibi moram 
 Hibnie, et Dux Aquit' Archiepis EpTs Abba- f'aciant herent et tenerent extra libaco'em 
 Pa 4. Ed in tih3 prioribj Comitib3 Baronibj senescalli, &c. Hospicij quorcumq^ juxta 
 26 per inspci- J usticiarijs Vicecomitib3 prae- primariam voluntatem fundator ejusdem Et 
 '"""■ posit* Ministris et omib^ BallTs qd senescailus, 8cc. Hospicij nfi in lib'ace 
 
 et fidelib? suis saltiii Inspeximus cartam aliquam ^ hoibj Hospicij sui aut alijs qui- 
 ceiebris memorie H quondam regis Angl' buscumqj extuncl non fac'ent in Hospitali 
 p'genitoris nris in hec verba. — Henricus Dei pdco sine licentia et voluntate magro et fr'um 
 Gra Rex Anglie, 8cc. p** cor' p'nt in bris ipsius pis nfi potentib^: 
 
 The second charter, in the original, is simi- inde confectis plen'is contmei' Mos ordma- 
 lar in form. The third is as under : — co'em 8t concessionem pdcus acceptantis ac 
 
 Edwardus Dei Gra, &c. Sciatis quod voluntes eisdem magro & frib5 g'ram nfam 
 cum Hospitale Sci Egidij extra London |) in hac parte face vbrorem volum et conce- 
 Leprosis ibidem recipiend' et sustentantis sit dimus ^ nob' &c. quod magr'el fres Hospi- 
 foundatumetpluresLeprosi moram continuum talis p'dci et successores sui imppm heant 
 faciant et sustentent' in eodem et int' hujus- & teneant Hospitale pdcm quietumdelibacoe 
 
 Har. MSS. modi Lepfosos sani conv'satTs p senescallor', &c. Hospicij nri, &c. et alios 
 
 A'r.. 4,015. sanis hoibj non existat' nee de- quorcumq^ Itaqd senescalli, &c. nri vel here- 
 beant sani int' eosaliqualit' hospitarj ac cele- dum nfor Justiciarij' tenantes seu alij qui- 
 
 D cuniqj 
 
18 ST. GILES'S HOSPltAL. 
 
 to the mayor and sherifFs, an. 1317, strictly enjoins them to make proclamatiott 
 in the several wards of the city, for all lepers to depart the same within fifteen 
 days. And that no one should presume to shelter any one so diseased, upon 
 pain of forfeiting the house wherein such person should be concealed. It 
 moreover commands, that all persons having this loathsome distemper, should 
 be removed to a considerable distance from the conversation of the sound. In 
 consequence of which the mayor and citizens of London applied to the superior 
 of the hospital, to admit fourteen leprous persons (citizens) agreeably to the 
 foundation charter of queen Matilda. This precept appears to have been 
 issued at this particular period, in consequence of the destructive plague then 
 raging in England, and which had previously half depopulated not only Asia 
 Great plague and Africa, but great part of Europe. Historians abound with accounts of 
 '" ^^'^^' this dreadful pestilence, whose ravages exceeded that of any former visitation 
 of the kind. Pardon church-yard, in London, and various other cemeteries 
 mentioned by Stowe, &c. were expressly set apart for the interment of the 
 immense numbers who died in the metropolis only. In an age, when the true 
 nature of the plague was but imperfectly known, it is by no means unlikely 
 that the leprosy might be mistaken for a species of that disorder ; or it might, 
 at least, be thought to assist the spreading of the contagion ; and this might, 
 and most probably did, occasion the royal mandate to clear the city of lepers. 
 Fourth char- The fourth charter is dated anno 13.54, and states, that the king, " at the 
 'ranting desire of his beloved in Christ, the master of the order of Burton St. Lazar in 
 St. Giles's England ; and in consideration of the remission of 40 marks per annum, which 
 Burton the Said master and brethren of the same order claimed of the allowance of his 
 
 St. Lazar. progenitors, late kings of England, payable out of his Exchequer ; and also in 
 consideration of the remission of the arrears of the same forty marks per 
 annum ; — did grant to the same master and brethren the custody of the hospital 
 of St. Giles without London, with its appurtenances, to hold to them and 
 their successors, brethren of the same order, for ever ; saving the right what- 
 soever which the poor thereof had, of necessaries to be provided from the 
 goods of the said hospital, and other alms to the same hospital appertaining, 
 as had been usual and accustomed for the maintenance thereof." ('*) 
 
 The 
 
 cumq3 libaco'm aliquam in Hospitali pdca magri,8cc.Dat'apud Westm', xvj. die Marcij 
 ad opus alicujus deceto non faciant nee in anno regni nri Decimo. 
 eodem Hospitenl' contra voluntatem ip'or ("*) Edwardus Dei Gratia Rex Angl' Dfius 
 
 Hibnie 
 
 Wi ^jiit. 
 
EDWARD THE THIRD'S CHARTERS. 
 
 19 
 
 The object of this grant appears to have been to ease the royal exchequer of 
 the payment of the annuity mentioned, (which had been the gift of Richard I 
 to Burton St. Lazar,) as well as from the arrears which had accumulated. 
 By virtue of it, brother Richard Leighton, then master of Burton, became 
 seised of the custody of St. Giles's hospital, but not it appears without some 
 opposition from the parties connected with the latter, who probably conceived 
 its interests injured by this transfer. This we learn from a precept issued by 
 the king to his justices in 1358, the object of which is thus expressed : — 
 
 C) Edward, &c. — To his beloved and faithful Walter de Gloucester, 
 Roger de Mathcote, and John de Foxelyere, greeting : On the complaint of 
 brother John Cryspin, keeper of the hospital of St. Giles without London, we 
 do allow, that whereas the said hospital, from its foundation, existed of us, 
 
 so 
 
 Hibnie el Dux Aquit' omnibus ad quos pre- ordinaria penitus &. nimine Ita qd aliqui 
 
 sentes literse parveneruntsalutem sciatisquod ordinaiij in Hospitali ilio officiu visita'coes 
 
 Latin ori<'iiial requisitionem diiecti et nobis in sen aliam jurisdico'em ordinariam exercere 
 
 Har. MSS. Cliiisti Magistri ordinis de Bur- non debent nee consuet'runt temporib^; re- 
 
 0. 4,015. ^^^ sancti Lazari in Angliae Et tioactis quidatn malef'cores et pacis nro 
 
 pro remissionequadragintamarcarum annua- p'turbatores ac viris nri regni et exemp'cois 
 
 rum quas idem M agister et fratres ejusdem Hospitalis pdci impugnatores securas por- 
 
 ordinis ex concessione progenitorum nostro- tar' Hospitalis illuis in adventu latin ormnal. 
 
 ram auandam regum Aneiiae ad scaccarium Robert Archiep Cantuar' ibidem Hmi. MSS. 
 
 ■ . ' J • •. J' u • 1 r i~ No. 4,015. 
 
 nostram percipere consuerunt nee non et pro nupad visitand Hospitale p'dcm 
 remissione arreragionem eorundem Ix mar- venientis vi et armis fregerunt etconsulerunt 
 carum annuarum Concessimus eisdem fratri- et portas illas ila quod dcus Archiepus Hos- 
 bus pro nobis et heredibus nostris custodiam pitaleillud ingressus officiu visitacSes ibidem 
 Hospitalis sancti Egidij extra London cum in nri et Hospilalis pdci judicium exercuit 
 pertinensis Habendum eisdem fratribus et apaverunt Et quasdam Iras papales Cartas 
 successoribus suis fratribus ejusdem ordinis Scripta 8c alia munimenter tarn p''vilegia q. 
 imperpetuam Salvo jure cuiuslibet ita quod alia jura & possessiones Hosp.9 pdci tan- 
 pauperibusnecessariade bonis dicti Hospitalis gencia ibi(!em ceperunt & asportaverunt et 
 inveniant et alias elemosinas in eodem Hos- alia enormia tarn nob' q. pfati custodi multi- 
 pitali institutas et hactenus usitatas sustenten' plicit intulerunt in nri contemptu ac que dam 
 omnibus in tenentur In cuius rei'lestimoniam priii ipTus Custodiset contra pacem nram Et 
 has literas nostras fieri feciniuspatentes Teste quiahujusmodi contemptu & trangressionem 
 me ipso apud Westm' quarto die Aprilis anno reiinquere nolumus assignavimus nos justic' 
 regni nostri vicesessimo septinio. niros ad inquirend' |)'sacrm ^'bor&, leg' homu 
 
 (") Edwardus, &c. DilcTset fidelib3 Walto de Com' Midd' ^ quos rei vitas melius sciri 
 de Gioucestriae Rog' de Mathcote & Johi de potit de noibj malef 'cor' pd'cor St con- 
 Foxelyere Saltrn Ex querela JohisCryspin temptu&transgressioncm pd'cor plenius veri- 
 Custodis Hosp Sci Egid' extra London tatem & aud'et terminand' scc'dm legem &, 
 Accepimus quod cum Hospitale pdcm dc consuet' regni nri, &c. Dat Lend. an. regni 
 prioratii nro existat' ct ab oini jurisdicoe nri triginta primo. 
 
 D 2 
 
 Object and 
 supposed 
 Consequences 
 of tliis grant. 
 
 Fifth charter 
 or precept of 
 Edw. Ill, as 
 t) violences 
 committed ut 
 hospital. 
 
so 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Its piipers 
 and writings 
 taken away. 
 
 Particulars 
 as to hospital 
 furnished by 
 the above 
 instrument. 
 
 Events in 
 this reign as 
 to hospital, 
 and their 
 conse- 
 quences. 
 
 SO the same was clearly and in all respects exempted from all ordinary juris- 
 diction, insomuch that no one might or did assume the right of visiting the 
 same, or exercising therein any sort of controul. Until of late, that certain 
 evil doers and disturbers of our peace, opposing themselves against our 
 subjects, and the exemptions of the said hospital as aforesaid, forcibly seized 
 possession of the same hospital and the gates thereof, and the same held by 
 force and arms against Robert, archbishop of Canterbury, who, coming there 
 to perform his official duty of visiting the same hospital, was thereby prevented 
 and shut out, to the prejudice of us and the said hospital ; and certain papal 
 letters, writings, charters and other munuments, as well of privileges as other 
 rights and possessions of the said hospital, or touching or concerning the same, 
 were taken and carried away, and other outrages repeatedly committed, as 
 well in contempt of us as to the damages of the said keeper, and against our 
 peace, &c. And because we may not permit contempts and offences of this kind 
 to be acted with impunity, we have assigned you our justices to inquire thereof, 
 on the oath of true and lawful men of the county of Middlesex, by whom the 
 matter may be better made known, together with tlte names of such offenders 
 and the nature of their crime, and such contempt and offences heard and 
 determined according to the laws and customs of our kingdom, &c. 
 
 From this instrument we learn not only the dissatisfaction which the barter 
 of the hospital occasioned among those on whose rights it seems to have 
 infringed, but also the important particular, as far as affects its history, of its 
 most valuable papers and records being taken away or destroyed, and which 
 might otherwise have furnished many interesting facts. The circumstance of 
 the hospital's being subject to the archbishop of Canterbury's visitation, is 
 likewise matter of information which does not appear in any of the former 
 documents. Though whether such right always existed, or was only now first 
 claimed (which the resistance made to it seems to infer,) is doubtful. ('*) 
 
 It may be further observed, in considering the events of this reign, that 
 though this sale to Burton of St. Giles's hospital, was ultimately the complete 
 annihilation of its independence, yet the effect seems to have been gradual ; 
 as transfers of property were afterwards made in the names of the brothers and 
 
 sisters 
 
 ("*) Stowe gives an amusing account of the of their house, in which the primate enforced 
 opposition made by the Canons of St. Bar- his authority by blows. It appears conse- 
 tholomew Friory in Smithfield, to an arch- quently that the resistance here made was 
 bishop of Canterbury's (Boniface) visitation not unprecedented. 
 
RICHARD THE SFXOND'S CHARTER. 21 
 
 sisters of the latter. And hence it is presumable, that the establishment still 
 continued subject in a considerable degree to the government of its own officers, 
 with the exception of the master and the cmtodes, or keepers, both of which 
 offices became vested in the master of Burton. In the succeeding reign of 
 Richard II, innovations of more consequence were attempted, particularly by 
 reducing the number of lepers to be maintained, under the plea of the insuf- 
 ficiency for that purpose of the hospital estates. The extent to which these 
 proceeded, as will be seen, occasioned an inquiry to be made and the resumption 
 of the hospital by the crown, with a train of other consequences nearly fatal 
 to the newly-acquired right of the master of Burton. And from this time the 
 importance of St. Giles's hospital seems gradually to have sunk : so that 
 previously to the dissolution, its concerns were entirely under the controul of 
 the superior house at Burton. The power of lessening the number of persons 
 on the charity, which was admitted to be vested in the master of Burton on the 
 occasion alluded to, accelerated its fall ; and which was finally completed by the 
 exchange of its best estates to Henry VIII. 
 
 On the accession of Richard II, the first care of the new masters of St.Giles's Transactions 
 appears to have been • to gain that monarch's confirmation of the grant ^^ ^"12^0^^ 
 of his grandfather Edward III ; accordingly, by letters patent, dated the first Ridiardir, 
 year of his reign, he ratified the several charters of his predecessors, as well as 
 that grant, and all the rights and privileges attached to it. This precaution, 
 it will be seen, was by no means unnecessary, not only from the opposition 
 described, but from the existence of claims which it required the royal 
 authority to silence. (") 
 
 Henry IV, by letters patent, confirmed in a similar manner the grants of his Henry IV. 
 predecessors ('*). The hospital, it appears from proceedings had in the fourth 
 
 year 
 
 (") These letters patent were exhibited and exhibited to the Court the charter of the 
 afterwards in the Court of Exchequer, by King that now is, and petitioned for the 
 William de Croxton, then master of Burton, same to be enrolled in these words. — Ricus 
 and were enrolled as follows, viz. " Among Dei Gra Rex Angl'et Franc & Dnus Hibnie 
 Oriemai '^^ Rccords in the Lord Treasurer's Omnibus ad quos presentes Lre p'vrunt Sahm 
 Har.MSS. Remembrancer's office in the Ex- Inspeximus Cartam confirmacois Dni E nup 
 ' ' chequer (to wit,) among the com- rex Angl' avi nri in hec verba Edwardus, 8cc. 
 mon business of Hilary Term, in the third Inspeximus cartum Celebris memorie Dni H 
 year of the reign of King Richard II, Role quondam regis Angl' p'genitoris nris in hec 
 vj. (amongst other things) is continued as verba Henricus Dei Gra Rex Angl. &c. 
 follows: — Memorandum, that brother Wil- (See Chart. Hen. II. p. 7.) 
 liam de Croxton came before the Barons the (") In form exactly similar to the above. 
 18th day of January in this present term, 
 
g2 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 year of the same king, had previously been placed under the government of 
 
 other superiors than the masters of Burton, owing to causes therein specified, 
 
 and hereafter detailed. By these pleas Walter de Lyntown, the then master, 
 
 was reinstated in possession. The proceedings are preserved among the 
 
 hospital records, and are as follow : — 
 
 Pleas, " Henry, by the grace of God, king of England, &c. Whereas, Richard, 
 
 HeihTv. late king of England, the second since the Conquest, did, by his letters patent 
 
 bearing date the thirteenth year of his reign, grant to his beloved clerk Richard 
 
 RicliardClif- Clifford, now bishop of Worcester, the custody of the hospital of Burton 
 
 keeper of ' St. Lazar, to hold during his life, with all its rights, &c. And whereas 
 
 hospital. Q^j. beloved in Christ, Walter Ljaitown, master or custos of the said hospital, 
 
 has shown unto us that he cannot, on account of the existence of such grant, 
 
 be assured in the peaceable possession of the said hospital, and has supplicated 
 
 for a remedy from us : We will, that the said Richard show cause before us 
 
 in our chancery, by what right he holds the custody of the said hospital, and 
 
 why such grant should not be revoked," ('') 
 
 " And on the same day comes before us the said Walter Lyntown; and the 
 said Richard, although solemnly called, comes not ; and thereupon the said 
 Walter prays, that the said letters patent and grant may be revoked, as to the 
 custody of said hospital : — And further 
 
 " Comes our chancellor, the bishop of Lincoln, and shows in court a certain 
 writ of scire facias, endorsed in these words : — 
 rHen.1v!' " Henry, &c. To our sheriff of Middlesex, greeting. On the part of our 
 beloved in Christ, Walter Lyntown, master of the order of Burton St. Lazar, 
 
 it 
 
 ("*) Henricus Dei Gra Rex Angl' et Francis a dni extitit ac redditus p'sTona et alia emolu- 
 
 et Dnus Hibnie omnibus ad quos present' menta eidem Hospital! p~tinencia p-cepit & 
 
 Lres parvener' Saltern cum Ricardus nup' p~cipiant idem tamem magr' g'nominus ip~e 
 
 rex Anglie post conqueslu scndo ^ Iras suas justa quieta et paclfica possessione sua dci 
 
 pat' anni regni sui tcio decimo Dederit et Hospit' vti & gaudere possit colore Iras 
 
 concesserit dilco ciico suo Rico Clyfford nunc p~dcar impeditus exiscit minus jusse in ip'ius 
 
 ep~o Wygom' custodia Ilospitalis de Burton magnu dampnu non modicum & talis siu 
 
 ^ . Sci Lazari qd vacabat et ad suam pdci exheredaco'em maniFestam inde nob' 
 
 Ijatin onfrmatf ' .... 
 
 Hnr. MSs. spectabat donac'oem ut dicebat"^ supplicavit sibi |) nosde remediopindere nos 
 
 0.4,01. Hend' ad totam vitam suam cum volentes in hac parte fieri qdestjustum tibi 
 
 suisjurib^etpt'in'quibuscumqjp'utineisdem pcipim' quod sceire t'ac' pTato Rico qd sit 
 
 Lris plenius continetur jamq^ diicus nob' in cora nob' in Canceliar' nra, &c. ubicumque 
 
 Xpo Wall' Lyntown Magr' sive custos Hos- &c. ad ostend' si quid p uob' aut p dense ip~o 
 
 pit' pdci nobis monsterant q*int conguerendo lieat vel dice sciat quare bre p'dce sibi de cus- 
 
 qd licet ip~e in possessione Hospitalis pdci todia Hosp prd' ut p'mittit' fee revocari, &c. 
 
PLEADINGS AS TO—IN REIGN OF HENRY IV. g3 
 
 it is shown, that whereas, the lord Edward, son of Edward, late king of 
 England, by his letters patent, bearing date the twenty-seventh year of his reign, 
 and directed to the master of Burton St. Lazar aforesaid, in consideration of 
 the remission of forty marks per annum, the gift of our progenitors, and the 
 arrears of the same, did grant, &c. to the said master and brethren of Burton Recital cnmt 
 St. Lazar, the custody of the hospital of St. Giles without London, to hold uurtou."^ '" 
 to the said master and brethren for ever. By virtue of which grant, one 
 brother Richard Leighton, then master of Burton, and the predecessor of the 
 present master, and the brethren of the same were seised of the custody and 
 possession of such hospital, and so continued until afterwards, when the said 
 Richard, late king of England, the second, &c. in the tenth year of his reign, 
 by his letters patent, confirmed such grant to the then master, brother Nicholas 
 de Dover. But afterwards, the same king Richard, in the twelfth year of his Nicholas de 
 reign, did, by other his letters patent, give and grant to his beloved clerk, keeper of 
 John Macclesfield, the said hospital of St. Giles, then described as vacant, to ^''*P''=*'- 
 hold for his life, whereby the said Walter was dispossessed of such custody as 
 aforesaid, and of the rents, farms, obventions, oblations, &c. to the same 
 belonging, to the great vexation and damage of the said Walter, and prays 
 therefore that such letters patent and grant may be revoked : we will there- 
 upon that the said John show cause, &c. and that he have there this writ." (*°) 
 
 " At which time and place the said John, although solemnly called, comes 
 not, and thereupon the said Walter prays," &c. ' 
 
 " And afterwards the same king Richard, by other his letters patent. Abbot of 
 bearing date the 14th year of his reign, gave and granted to the abbot of St. Mary of 
 
 the 
 
 (*') Henricus, &c. Vic' Midd' Saltm ex- tempus non modicum confirmarerunt acpost- 
 
 parte dilci nob' in Xpo Walti L3'nton Magri modum Dnus R. nup' rex Aiigl' an. reg' sui 
 
 ordinis de Burton Sci Lazari in Angl' nob' est decimo ^ Iras suas concessionem p'fati 
 
 q"mt conguerendo monstretatu qd cum Dnus p~geniloris nfi eisdem fribj de custodia ilia 
 
 E. fir regi Hen. (Edward) p'geniloris nri p sic f'cam et cuidam Nicho de Dover seisit 
 
 If as suas patent' ad reqnisionem dilci sibi in de custodia ejusdem Hospit',&c. x,a(t»or» i l. 
 
 Xp o Mag'r ordinis p~dci p remissione qua- Subsequent' idem Dnus R. an Har. MSS. 
 
 draginta marc' annuar', &c. et arreragior' reg' sui duodecimo ^ als Ifas *'015, 
 
 easdm concessisse eisdem frib3 custodiam pat' dederit custodiam^ &c. dilco cllco suo 
 
 Hosp S. Egid' Hend' imp"pm virtute cuius Johl Macclesfield pdci Hospit', See. Hend' 
 
 concessionis quidam frat' Ricas Leighton ad totam vitam suam, &c. ip~ius Walteri 
 
 quondiS magri ordinis p~dci predecessor dampnu, &c. Unda nob' supplicavit, &c. 
 
 pd'cor nuncmagr' & de custodia dci Hospit' Volumus, &c. (as before.) 
 seisiti fuerunt et possessionem suam inde ^ 
 
ei ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 next the the abbey of the blessed Mary of the Graces next the Tower of London, the 
 
 kTeper'ofthe custodv of the Said hospital, and the advocation thereof, to hold to the 
 
 hospital. same abbot and his successors to the proper uses of the same hospital, with 
 
 the church ivithin the same hospital; and also the church of Feltham to 
 
 the same hospital appropriated, and all their appurtenances, to the damage of 
 
 the said Walter, &c. : Wherefore he prays that such grant may be revoked ; 
 
 we will therefore that our precept be issued to the said abbot, to show 
 
 cause," &c. (") 
 
 Grant by " And the said abbot being called, comes and says, that Richard, late king of 
 
 Richard H, Ensfland, bv his letters patent, gave to him the said abbot, of his special grace, 
 
 of hospital to o ' J r o i o 
 
 the Abbot of such custody of Said hospital of St. Giles as aforesaid, in these words: — (") 
 fhe Graces.^ Richard, by the grace of God, king of England and France, and lord of 
 Ireland ; know ye, that we of our special grace, do give and grant for us and 
 our heirs, unto our beloved in Christ, the abbot and monks of the abbey of 
 the blessed Mary of the Graces next the Tower of London, the hospital of 
 St. Giles without our city of London, and the donation of the same hospital ; 
 which same hospital is of the foundation of our progenitors, to hold for the 
 purposes for which same hospital was founded ; that is to say, the maintenance 
 of the poor lepers therein, and also of one chaplain and one clerk, to celebrate 
 the offices and divine service in the church of the same hospital, and also to do 
 all other works and alms to the same hospital belonging, provided and on 
 condition that the same abbot and convent of St. Mary do remit unto us and 
 our heirs, the yearly sum or annuity of one hundred and ten marks of the farm 
 of the church of Scarborough, part of the endowment of the king, our pre- 
 decessor, Edward the third, founder of the said abbey of St. Mary of the 
 
 Graces, &c. Dated at Westminster." 
 
 And 
 
 (^') " Subsequent' idem R. de conces- dibus nfis dilcis nob' in Xpo Abbi et mo- 
 sione, &c. an. reg' sui quinto declmo p als nachis abbie Be Marie de Graciis juxtaTur- 
 lras suas pat'dederit AbbT Abbie Be Marie de rim nram London de fundac'oe Dni E n up 
 Graciis juxtaTurrum Lend' pdcum Hospit' et regis Angl' avi nri defuncti et nro p~centu 
 advocationem ejusdera Hospit' Hend' eidem existentis HospSci Egidij ppe et extra civit' 
 AbbT, &c. pprTos usus pdci pdci Hospit, &c. nrain London Et advocaco'em ejusdem Hos- 
 Hend' ad totam vitam suam, &c. ip~ius pit' Hend', &c. Et cum ecctia de Feltham 
 Walteri dampnu unde nob' supplicavit, Sac. eidem Hospital! appropriata inppfii inveni- 
 Volumus, &c. (as before.) endo in eodem Hospital! paupes holes leprosis 
 
 (") Ricardus Dei Gra Rex Angl' etl'ranc' Aceciam unu Capellanu & unu Clicu ad 
 
 et Dnus Hibuia; Sciatis quod de gratia nfa celebrand' et faciend' Divina servicia in ec- 
 
 spali Dedimus et concessimus |) nob' et liere- clia ejusdem Hospitalis, &c. Volentes quod 
 
 occ'one 
 
PLEADINGS AS TO— IN REIGN OF HENRY IV. U 
 
 " And the said Walter being again called, comes and shows cause ; and the 
 said abbot also, by his attorney, comes j and the said Walter thereupon requests 
 that the grant aforesaid may be revoked ; and the said abbot, in answer, says, 
 that the said grant ought not to be revoked as prayed for, because he says that 
 the said master of Burton is not the proper master of Burton, but is removable 
 at the will of the master of the lepers at Jerusalem, and therefore was not in 
 consideration of such remission of the sum of forty marks, &c. as aforesaid 
 lawfully seised of St. Giles's hospital. And the same abbot further says : 
 
 That Matilda, late queen of England, founded the said hospital of St. Giles Recital of 
 without London, for the maintenance of forty lepers, one chaplain, one clerk, (j^'g charter, 
 and one servant (unu valettu ;) which constitution, &c. of the said queen was 
 added to by Henry II, late king of England, the relative and heir of the said 
 queen. And such number of persons on the foundation continued to be 
 maintained, until Edward, late king of England, the third since the conquest, 
 gave away the custody of such hospital unto the hospital of Burton St. Lazar as 
 aforesaid." 
 
 " And the said abbot further says, that afterwards, in the time of the late Further 
 king Richard, and while Nicholas de Dover was master* the establishment of a"t°o hospital 
 the said hospital of St. Giles, as before-mentioned, being reduced, the said in reign of 
 
 ..... J Richard II. 
 
 king Richard directed his mandate unto certain commissioners therein named, 
 to visit and see into the state of the said hospital. Before whom it appeared, 
 by inquisition duly taken, that the said Nicholas de Dover and others, masters 
 of the said hospital of Burton, had reduced and disposed of the said lepers of 
 St. Giles's hospital, and the chaplain, clerk and servant belonging to the same, 
 and had changed them for sisters, against the form of the foundation statutes. 
 And the same being represented to the said king Richard, he the said king 
 Richard, by his letters patent, granted the said hospital of St. Giles to the 
 said John Macclesfield as aforesaid, to hold for and during the life of him the 
 said John Macclesfield, with reversion to the said king, and his heirs," 
 
 " And afterwards the said John Macclesfield dying, the said late king Richard 
 gave to the abbot before named, the custody of the said hospital of St. Giles, as 
 before stated, to hold, &c. subject to such uses as aforesaid ; and the said abbot 
 
 says, , 
 
 occ'one p'sentis donacois nrar quicquid de abbremetur nee deducat nee quod predce 
 centemet decern marcisannQisdefirmaeccle- abb! etc de eisdetn centem et decens marcis 
 siadeScareburgh pMcis abbi et Monachis etc annuls nee de aliqua p'celia easdem annuit 
 g nos concessis in parte vel in toto subtrahat' onerant', See. Dat' apud Westm', &c. 
 
 E 
 
26 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Forty lepers says, that time out of mind, forty lepers were maintained in the said hospital, 
 
 bTlios^Tta? ^"^ ^° continued to be until the time when the custody of the said hospital was 
 
 granted away, as mentioned by the late king Edward, to the master of Burton 
 
 St. Lazar, when they were reduced as before stated ; and this the said abbot 
 
 is ready to verify, wherefore he prays judgment." 
 
 " And the said Walter says, in answer, that he is the perpetual master of 
 the said hospital, and that he is not appointed and removable at the will 
 of the master of the lepers at Jerusalem, as is said ; but that he, the said 
 Walter, was and is lawfully seised of the said hospital of St. Giles. That 
 true it is, the said Matilda, late queen of England, did found, time out of 
 mind, the said hospital of St. Giles, in the place where it now is, and did 
 endow it with sixty shiUings rent, issuing from the queen's wharf called 
 Aldreshethe, to buy the infirm thereof food ; to which original endowment 
 the late king Henry, the heir of the said queen, also added. But the said 
 Walter denies, that at any time the goods of the said hospital of Saint Giles 
 could maintain forty lepers, &c. as stated ; and says, that the same were 
 Ueduced in accustomed, occasionally, in times of necessity, to be reduced long before 
 imeso nee . ^^^^ grant as aforesaid made by king Edward to the master of Burton 
 
 St. Lazar." 
 Inquest held " And a day being appointed, the said parties again appear in court, and pray 
 judgment. And an inquest having in the mean time been summoned, and 
 having made inquiry, upon their oath, say, That the master and brethren of 
 St. Giles's hospital did, and were accustomed, time out of mind (as appears 
 from all they can learn) to reduce the number of lepers in cases of necessity ; 
 and that the said hospital consequently did not at all times maintain forty 
 lepers &c. ; but that long before king Edward's grant, the number was at 
 various times curtailed, by three, four, five, and sometimes more, at pleasure, 
 according to the state of tlie hospital funds, as the said Walter, in his answer, 
 has truly said." 
 Hospital con- " Whereupon the said matters having been duly weighed, the king, by his 
 in™t\r of ^'^^ commands, that the said Walter, &c. be duly reinstated in the custody 
 Burton. of the said hospital of St. Giles, and that the said letters patent be revoked." 
 
 Transactions The reign of king Henry V added another charter to those of his prede- 
 fn 5ei^ns''of''^ ccssors, by which he confirmed the custody of St. Giles's hospital to Burton, 
 Hen. V, agreeably to the original grant of Edward III, and the late determination 
 
 4 Hen. IV. 
 
CHARTERS OF HEN. V, HEN. VI, AND EDW. IV. 27 
 
 4 Hen. IV. But the form of this instrument being exactly similar to those 
 before given, it is useless to repeat it. In this reign also occurred the meeting 
 and pretended plot of the Lollards, which only relates to the hospital inas- 
 much as the supposed conspirators assembled in its immediate vicinity, then 
 called " Pickets," or " St. Giles's Fields ;" and for the particulars whereof 
 see account of the parish. 
 
 Henry VI, in the third year of his reign, confirmed in like manner the Hen. VI, and 
 grants made to the hospital by preceding kings, and in precisely a similar 
 form ; and by a second charter, bearing date in his 35th year, more especially 
 guaranteed the custody of it to Burton, for what particular reason does not 
 appear. The originals of both grants are at the Tower. 
 
 Edward IV, by letters patent, dated the 1st of his reign, annexed the hospital Edw. IV. 
 of the Holy Innocents near Lincoln, founded by Remegius, bishop of that see, 
 for lepers, to Burton, on condition of certain menials of the king's servants, if 
 afflicted with leprosy, being provided for in St. Giles's hospital ; and afterwards 
 further confirmed the said grant by a clause in an act of resumption, which 
 specially excepts the same hospital of the Holy Innocents, usually called 
 Le Maillardi, from being included in the said act, to the prejudice of William, 
 the then master of Burton, &c. in the following terms :— (" ) 
 
 " Provided always, that this act, petition or ordinance, in this present Act m Re- 
 parliament made or to be made, extend not nor be prejudicial to William i^jEdw.'Tv. 
 master of the order of Burton St. Lazar, of Jerusalem, in England, keeper of 
 the hospital of St. Giles without London, and the brethren of the order 
 aforesaid, nor their successors, of any gift grant or confirmation made by us 
 under the great seal to the said master and brethren, and their successors, by 
 whatsoever name they be called in the said grant or confirmation of the hospital 
 of the Holy Innocents, called Le Maillardi (" ) without the suburbs of the said 
 city of Lincoln, with all lands, tenements, leasowes, meadows, pastures, woods, 
 rents and services to the said hospital ofthe Holy Innocents in anywise belonging, 
 with all and every their appurtenances, to hold to the said master and brethren 
 and their successors for ever ; to find yearly for ever certain lepers of our King's ser- 
 menial servants, (^') and of our lieirs and successors, if any such be found, w'^) to be 
 
 and maintained 
 by cuslos of 
 (*') Malcolm Lond'Redivivum III. p. 485. ladrie" — qd Infirmary, or Sick-house. — See hospital. 
 
 (")"LeMalcaidry" — orin pat-7Hen.IV. Farmer Not Mon. 256. 
 " Maladrie" — meaning in both places "Ma- (*^) 35 Hen. VII. Farmer. 
 
 E 2 
 
^ 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Transactions 
 as to hospital, 
 in reigns 
 Edw. V, 
 Rich. HI, 
 and Hen. VII. 
 
 Grant of a 
 tenement of 
 hospital, by 
 Sir Thomas 
 Norton, 
 master. 
 
 Transactions 
 as to hospital 
 in reign of 
 Hen. VIII. 
 
 and other charges, as in our said letters patent to the said master, &c. and 
 their successors, thereof made, more plainly is contained." (^*) 
 
 The short reigns of Edward V and Richard III furnish no particulars that 
 we are acquainted with relative to St. Giles's hospital, and indeed were periods 
 of too much poHtical intrigue and bustle for much to be expected. Besides 
 this, its concerns appear now to have become completely merged in those of 
 the superior house at Burton. In proof of its subordination to the latter, a 
 deed of sale, preserved by Stowe, may be quoted as an instance. This trifling 
 document, which is all we have met with concerning it during the succeeding 
 reign of Henry VII, will sufficiently show that the hospital property, and 
 consequently its less important concerns, were then entirely at tlie disposal of the 
 masters and brethren of Burton, and that the chapter or brothers and sisters 
 of St. Giles, from being no way mentioned as parties (which they are in most 
 former deeds,) had ceased to possess any power or controul over their own 
 establishment. The deed is dated anno 1509 (27 Hen. VII,) and is as 
 follows : — 
 
 " Thomas Norton, knight, master of Burton St. Lazar of Jerusalem, in 
 England, and the brethren of the same place, keepers of the hospital of 
 St. Giles without the barres of the old Temple of London, have sold to Geoffery 
 Kent, citizen and draper of London, a messuage or house, with two soUars 
 above edified, in the parish of AUhallows, Honey-lane, in West Chepe, adjoining 
 to a tenement called the Goate on the Hope, pertaining to the drapers of 
 London, for ^.31." &c. 
 
 These premises were part of the estates of St. Giles's, and are described 
 among the hospital deeds. — See Chap. IV. 
 
 The reign of Henry VIII, which was fatal to this and other similar 
 establishments, was one in which St. Giles's hospital and its affairs were 
 importantly concerned. The first act on record respecting it, was an inquest 
 directed by the king's writ to be held, to inquire as to the hospital's right to 
 certain houses in Holborn, built on the piece of ground bought of Richard 
 Young, canon of St. Paul's, and which is enumerated in the charter of Henry II. 
 The title of the master to this estate, as set forth in his reply, is as follows:— 
 
 « The 
 
 (**) Jones's Records, Addenda, Malardry, Ordinis de Burton S. Lazari et Successoribus 
 Hospitale H. Innocentium, vocati Malardry suis.— Originalia i Edw. IV. Roll. 49. 
 civit' Lincolnise concessiim Magistro 
 
 ext 
 
INQUEST AS TO ITS ESTATES-REIGN HEN. VIII. 29 
 
 "The title of them' 
 
 Of th' hospital of the lepers and p"^ curator in the hospitall of Saynt Gyles, 
 
 to the \TJ houses w'hout y' barrs Holbou'ne. 
 
 " First, the said hospitall was founded tyme out of mynde by Maud th' inquest as to 
 empress (" ) and endowed w"" div'se lands Sf tents as aperyeth by these followg "i^taUo*^"^' 
 gr'ntts ('*) & also by confirmacon of the king o' stou'ane lord & hys noble Richard 
 
 Young's land. 
 
 p genitors. 
 
 " It y' sayd vij houses or tents were sometyme on* Ric. Yonge's long tyme 
 before E. the fyrst ; which Richard, vppon great co'sideracon, gaffe the same 
 tefits unto the sayd hospitall, which have co'tinually receyved the rents issues 
 & p'fetts thereof ev' syth to the fyndynge of the sayd lepers, w''out vexacon or 
 ympechement ; all wyche mat' shalle appere afore y° Exchec', both by the 
 sayd grauntts, the kyng's licens & co'fyrmacons, & also yerly rentalls tyme out 
 of mynde of man & abofFe CCC yeirs p". 
 
 " It the sayd m' sayth that y° sayd vij houses be nott buylded in the kynge's 
 highway ne to the noysaunce of eny pson, bet founded and byided of a pcett 
 of grounde then beynge the inheritance of the sayd hospitall as is aforesayd, &c. 
 prayinge all yowe that be of the king's enquest at thys tyme to fynde the 
 p'miss', & so to certyfye as it shall be duly aprouyd yowe by substanciall 
 evidences." 
 
 The next act of this monarch's, as to the hospital, was, the obtaining an Further 
 exchange with him of its best estates for others more distantly situated, and pro- tfansactions. 
 bably therefore of much less value. By deed, dated anno 1537 (an. reg sui 28,) 
 Thomas Ratcliffe, then master of Burton and warden of St. Giles, with the 
 consent of the brethren, (*'') granted at the king's instance the greater part of 
 the hospital, land, &c. in St. Giles's, together with the manors of Feltham and 
 Heston, and other premises, to the crown, in consideration of receiving the 
 manor of Burton St. Lazar, &c. in Leicestershire, late the property of the mo- 
 nastry of St. Mary de Valdey, in the county of Lincoln, and which only two 
 years after again came into his hands in consequence of the dissolution. 
 
 In this exchange, the interests of St. Giles's hospital seem to have been 
 
 completely 
 
 (*') This is an error. Seethe beginning (*') The consent ofthe brothers of S^.Gj/es's 
 of this account. appears to have been considered necessary 
 
 (*°) The charters, 6tc. before given ; tiie on this occasion, though in the transfer just 
 originals, or copies of which, were probably mentioned, we have seen they were not con- 
 appended to this petition. suited. 
 
so 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Exchange by 
 Thomas Rat- 
 cliffe, of hos- 
 pital estates 
 toHeii.VIll, 
 viz. 
 
 completely sacrificed to those of the king and the hospital of Burton. The 
 latter, for transferring a property over which it was its duty to watch and see 
 justly appropriated, received what it probably considered in some respects 
 more than an equivalent, and the king's wishes were at the same time gratified ; 
 but no consideration whatever appears to have been given to the infirm of 
 St. Giles. (*') By this deed the master and brethren of Burton, — (in consider- 
 ation of the gift from the king of the manor or capital messuage of Burton Lazar, 
 and eighteen messuages, four cottages, with their appurts, at Burton Lazar, and 
 one parcel of land, called Jewettz Thynge, one pasture called Burton's Grange, 
 lying in the village and fields of Burton Lazar aforesaid ; one pasture called 
 Leysthorpe, lying at Leysthorpe in the said county of Leicester, and also all 
 manors, messuages, lands, tenements, rents, reversions, &c. in Burton Lazar 
 and Leysthorpe aforesaid, which late were and belonged to the abbot of the 
 monastery of the blessed Mary de Valdey, in the county of Lincoln, to hold 
 to them and their successors for ever,) — gave granted and confirmed unto 
 
 the king. 
 
 " All 
 
 (*") Sciant presentes et futuri qd nos quidm maneria ten' tenta et cetera premissa 
 
 Thomas Ratcliffe magister de Burton Sancti nuper fuerunt et spectabant Abbati monas- 
 
 LazariJerlin in Anglia Gustos siveGardianos terij Beate Maria de Valdey in Com' Lyn- 
 
 Hospitaiis Sancti Egidij ex^ Barras Veteris coin' Habend' et tenend' nob' et successoribj 
 
 Templi London et ejusdem loci cont'res nris imp~p~m Dedimus concessimus et hac 
 
 Unanimis assensu consensu et agreamento present! carti nra confirmavrin' predco Dno 
 
 nrisinconsiderac'oe etproeo qd Illustrissima Regi maneri a nfa de Feltham et Heston 
 
 et Serenissima Regea Majestas et Dnus nr in Com' Mydd' Necnon omnia mcssuagia 
 
 Henricus octavus Dei Gra Anglie et Franc' nra terr' tenta boscos sub-boscos redditus 
 
 Rex Fidei Defensor et Dnus Hibnie ac in revercoes et s'vicia ac'cet hereditament nra 
 
 terra supremu caput Anglicane Ecclie nobis cum suis pertinen' in Feltham et Heston 
 
 dedit manerium sive Capitali Messuagiii de predcis aceciam duas acra prati jacen' in 
 
 Burton Lazar decem et octo messuagiii quar- Campis de Seynt Martyns in villa Westm' 
 
 tuor cottagia cum omnibj et singulis suis viginti quinqj acras pastur' jacen' in villata 
 
 pertinen' jacen' et existen' in Burton Lazar Sancti Egidij quinq3 acras pastur' jacen' in 
 
 in Com' Leicestr'ac una parcellam tre vocat' quodm clauso prope Colmanhedge quinq? 
 
 Latin original, Jcwett^ Thynge unam pastur' acras pastur' jacen in Colmanhedgc Felde 
 
 Lord Chamb. vocat Burton's Grange jacen' et unam clausam vocat' Conduyt Mead con- 
 
 Remem, Office. • ^ > • -n » ^ • i • » • > ■ i 
 
 ■" existen in villata et campis de tinen p estimac qumqj acias unam clausam 
 
 Burton Lazar antedict' Et una pastur' vocat' vocat' Mersheland unam messuag' vocat' le 
 
 Leysthorpe jacen' et existen' in Leysthorpe Whyte Harte et decem et octo acras pastur' 
 
 in predco' Com' Leycestr' necnon omnia eidmmessuagiospectantesunam messuaginm 
 
 maneria messuagia terras tenta redditus vocat' le Rose et unam pastur' eidm messuag' 
 
 reverco'es et servicia ac cetera heieditamenta p'tinen necnon unu messuagia vocat' le Vyne 
 
 nra cum omnibj et singulis suis pertinen' in scituat' et existem in pred'ca villa de Seynt 
 
 Purton Lazar et Leisthorpe predict' que Gyles Exceptis et omnino nobis et succes- 
 sor! bus 
 
EXCHANGE OF ITS ESTATES TO HEN. VHI. 
 
 SI 
 
 " All those their manors of Feltham and Heston, and appurts, lying and 
 
 being in Feltham and Heston, in the county of Middlesex ; and also all 
 
 their messuages, lands and tenements, woods, underwoods, rents, reversions, 
 
 services, &c. in the said Feltham and Heston ; and also two acres of meadow 
 
 lying in the fields of St. Martin, in the village of Westminster ; twenty-five 
 
 acres of pasture lying in the village of St. Giles ; five acres of pasture lying 
 
 in a certain close there, near Colman's hedge ; five acres of pasture lying in 
 
 Colman's hedge felde ; one close called Conduit Close, containing by estimation 
 
 five acres ; one close, called Merrsheland ; one messuage, called the Wliyte 
 
 Hart, and eighteen acres of pasture to the same messuage belonging ; one 
 
 messuage, called the Rose, and one pasture to the same messuage belonging ; 
 
 also one messuage called the Vyne, situate and being in the said village of 
 
 Seynt Gyles. Except, and always reserved to the said master, the church and 
 
 rectory of^ Feltham aforesaid, and all glebes, lands, tythes, oblations, portions, 
 
 and 
 
 soribus nris reservatis ecciie et rectoria de Illustrissimo Dno nro Regi heredibus et suc- 
 Feltham predict' ac omnibus glebis teriis cessorib^ suis imp'p'm Et nos vero magistro 
 decimis oblacoibj percoibj pencaibj &, de Burton Sancti Lazari predict' guardian' 
 ceteris emolumentis predict' ecciie et rectorie Hospitalis supradce et ejusdem loci confres 
 spectan' Que quidm maneria et cetera et successores nr predca maneria de Feltham 
 p'missa per nos data et concessa se extendunt et Heston cum suis pertinen' universis Ace- 
 ad annuu valorem viginti septem libra^ ciam pred'casduas acr pratijacent' in predcis 
 sterling Habend' et tenend' predicta maneria campis de Seynt Martyns pred'cas quinq3 acr 
 de Feltham et Heston necnon omnia et pastur' prope Colmanhedge predic'as quinqj 
 singla messuagia terras tenta boscos sub- acr pastur' in Colmanhedge felde supradcm 
 boscos redditus reverco'es et servicia accetera clausam vocat' Conduy t Close predcm clau- 
 hereditamenta cum omnibus et singulis suis sam vocatum Marrsheland dictum messu- 
 pertinen' in Feltham et Heston predict' agium vocat' le Whyte Harte et predc'as 
 predc'as duas acras prati jacens in predcis decemet octo acras pastur' eid'm messuag' 
 campis de Seynt Martyns predcus quinqj spectan' et dictum messuag' vocat' le Rose 
 acras pastur' jacent prope Colmanhedge et predict' pastur' eid'm messuagiu pertinen' 
 predc'as quinqj acras pastur' jacenles in Col- necnon predcm messuag' vocat' le Vyne cum 
 manhedge Felde supradem clausum vocat' suis pertinen' Exceptis ^ exceptis prefato 
 Conduyt Close p'fat' Clausam vocat' Marrshe- DHo Regi hered' et successorib3 suis contra 
 land dictum messuagium vocat' le Whyte omnes gentes warantizabim' et imp~pm 
 Harte et predictas decern et octo acras pas- defendem' per presentes. In cuius rei testi- 
 tur' eid'm messuagio pertinen' Et dcm mes- monium huic present! carte nre sigillum nrm 
 suagifi vocatum le Rose et predict' Pastur' commune pposuim'. Data secundo die Junij 
 eidm messuagio pertinen' necnon predict' anno regni predci Dni nri Henrici octavi 
 messuagium vocat' le Vyne Exceptis et Dei Gra Anglie et Francie Regis Fidei De- 
 omnino nob' et successoribus nfis reservatis fensoris et Diii Hibernie ac in terra su- 
 ecciia et rectoria de Feltham predict' ac premu capitis Anglicani ecciie vicessimo 
 ceteris omnibj et singlis pre-exceptis prefato octavo. 
 
 The manors 
 and lands of 
 Feltham and 
 Heston, two 
 acres of land 
 in St. Mar- 
 tin's Fields, 
 twenty-five 
 acres in St. 
 Giles's Vil- 
 lage, five 
 acres at Col- 
 man's Hedge, 
 five acres in 
 Colman 
 Hedge Felde, 
 Conduit 
 Close five 
 acres, and 
 iNIarsbland, 
 the White 
 Hart and 
 eighteen 
 acres, the 
 
32 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Rose and one 
 pasture, and 
 the Vyne 
 Inn, reserv- 
 ing the rec- 
 tory of Fel- 
 tbam. 
 
 The 5 acres 
 under Col- 
 man's Hedge 
 and the 5 
 acres in 
 Colman's 
 Hedge Field, 
 were in the 
 parish of 
 St. Martin's. 
 
 What pre- 
 mises did, or 
 did not pass 
 by this ex- 
 change. 
 
 pensions, to the said church and rectory belonging ; which said manors, 
 and other premises so given and granted, extend to the value of twenty-seven 
 pounds sterling. To hold to the most illustrious lord the king, his heirs and 
 successors for ever : and moreover the said master of Burton, keeper or 
 warden of the hospital aforesaid, and brethren of the said manor of Feltliam and 
 Heston, and all the before recited premises, except as before excepted, — do 
 warrant to the said king, &c. and them against all people will ever defend." 
 Dated 2d June, 28 Hen. VIII, and sealed with the hospital seal of Burton. 
 
 The church of Feltham, reserved in this exchange, was one of the earliest 
 gifts to the hospital ; the manor, which was a later donation, and given by 
 earl Baldwin, ranked amongst its most valuable possessions. Of the hospital 
 estates at Edmonton ; in the city of London ; and the various parishes in its 
 suburbs, no mention is made ; these, therefore, still continued to the hospital, 
 as well as the original endowment ; but whether sufficient to maintain the 
 accustomed number of lepers does not appear. In St. Giles's parish the 
 quantity of acres mentioned to be transferred, amounts to forty-eight, exclu- 
 sively of the marsh land and Rose closes, and the several messuages enumerated. 
 These comprehended great part of the hospital possessions in its own parish, 
 and had been the gifts of various charitably disposed persons, chiefly 
 parishioners, from before the reign of Henry II to that of Edward III; a period 
 when the large closes, here described as pasture, were divided into numerous 
 gardens and residences, the property of the different individuals who occupied 
 them. There are omitted, — the hospital and its site ; the manor of St. Giles ; 
 the Pitaunce Croft ; Le Lane ; Newland, and some lesser places. By this 
 exchange, the hospital possessions expressly mentioned therein, were for ever 
 separated from the rest, and vested in the king ; consequently no part of 
 them is to be understood as having passed with the hospital by any subsequent 
 grant. 
 
 The transfer of so large a portion of the hospital property, for which, as 
 before observed, it received no equivalent, could only be considered as a pre- 
 paratory step to its desolution. It may therefore be then said, to have 
 anticipated the general fate that awaited the other religious and charitable 
 estabHshments of the land. Two years after this period, during which time it 
 appears to have remained unmolested, that great event in English history, the 
 suppression of monasteries, took place, and completed its ruin with the rest. 
 
 The hospital of Burton St. Lazar, with its dependant cell of St. Giles's 
 hospital, was dissolved anno 1539. 
 
 Its 
 
GRANT OF— BY HENRY VIII TO LORD LISLE. 33 
 
 Its history since, to 1547, when the site of the hospital and its appen- 
 dages, were parcelled out to various possessors, is short : — 
 
 As it required no separate deed of surrender in resigning the hospital into 
 the king's hands (it being included in that of Burton St. Lazar), (^') some 
 information is lost which it might have been gratifying to know, namely ; as 
 to the number of officers, &c. then on the foundation, who (if not lepers) 
 would have been required to sign such deed. That the establishment was 
 much reduced, there is little doubt from several circumstances before stated. 
 
 Henry, kept the hospital, and its precincts, six years in his own possession 
 (as he retained, for a length of time, those of St. John of Jerusalem, St. Bartho- 
 lomew, and others, apparently from their nearness to town,) and in 1545, 
 bestowed it on lord Lisle, together with Burton St. Lazar, by the following Henry VIII. 
 grant. Rent to the crown, 4 1 Qs. 3d. anTits^eTtete 
 
 ('°) " The king, to all to whom, &c. Be it known, That we, in considera- to Lord Lisle. 
 tion of the good, true, faithful, and acceptable counsel and services to us, by 
 our beloved counsellor John Dudley, knight of the most noble order of the 
 
 garter, 
 
 C) Accordingly, neither Tonstal, in the nram de FeUham cum suis juribj et p'tin' 
 reign of Henry VIII, nor the Book of univ'sis in Com' nro Midd' dco nup Hospital! 
 Chauntries, in that of his son, take any de Burton pdc'a dudum spectan' & ptinen 
 notice of St. Giles's Hospital. Male. Lond' ac pcell possessionu inde existen' et advor 
 Red. Ill, p. 485. catio'em donaco'em lib'am disposico'em & 
 
 (^°) Rex omnibj ad quos, &c. Sciatis qd jus p'natus vicarie parochialis de Feltham in 
 DOS in considerac'oe boni veri fidelis &. ac- dco nro Midd' dco Com' nup' Hospitale de 
 ceptabilis consilij et s'vcij nob' p dilcm con- Burton p'dca dudum spectan' & p'tinen', 8tc. 
 silliarm nrm Johem Dudley p nobilis ordinis Ac eciam omia 8t singula sua man'ia mes- 
 Gartrij militem vicecomitem Lisle magnu suagia rectorias ecclias, 8cc. (int. alia) in 
 admirallum Anglie ante hec tempora fact' et poch Sci Egidij in Campis ex* Barras Lon- 
 Spartorieinai, impcns de gra nra spaii ac ex'cta don et in Holborn Feltham et Edelmeton in 
 86 Hen. VIII, scicncia et mero motu nris Dedi- dco Com' nro Midd' ac in Civitate London 
 mus & concessim' de p p'sentes et alibi ubicumq, infra regnu nrm Angl' dco 
 dam' et concidim' eidm Johi Dudley Vice- nup' Hospitale de Burton Sci Lazari alias 
 comiti Lisle totum nup Hospitale de Burton diet' Hospitale Sci Lazari de Burton Ac dco 
 Sci Lazari alias diet' Hospitale Sci Lazari de nup' Hospitali Sci Egidij in Campis ex* 
 Burton cum suis juribj membris et p'tinen' Barras London seu al'ti eorq'dem nup Hos- 
 univ'sis in Com' nro Leyc' modo dissolut' ac pitaliu quoque modo spectan' vel p'tinen' aut 
 in manibj nris jam existent' ac totum nup' ut pceil possessionu dci nup' Hosp de Bur- 
 Hospitale Sci Egidij in Campis ex** Barras ton p'dca et dci nup' Hospitalis Sci Egidij 
 London cum suis juribj membris &. pt'm in Campis seu alt'ius eo'qdem nup Hospitaliu 
 univ'sis in Com' nro Mydd' simili modo dis- ante hac hit cogmt accept' usitat seu reputat' 
 solutu ac in manibj nris jam existen', &c. existen'. Teste, &c. 
 
 Kecnon totam Rectoriam nfam et eccliam 
 
 H- F 
 
u 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Grant of 
 hosp. to Lord 
 Lisle. 
 
 Estates in 
 St. Giles's 
 parish and 
 elsewhere. 
 
 garter, viscount Lisle, and our great admiral of England, before time done 
 and performed. Of our special grace, and of our certain knowledge and mere 
 motion, have given and granted, and by these presents do give and grant 
 unto the said John Dudley viscount Lisle, all the late dissolved hospital of 
 Burton St. Lazar, otherwise called the hospital of Saint Lazarus of Burton, 
 with all its rights, members and appurtenances, in our county of Leicester, 
 lately dissolved, and in our hands now being ; and all that the late hospital 
 of St. Giles in the Fields without the bars of London, with all its rights, mem- 
 bers and appurtenances, in our county of Middlesex, in like manner dissolved 
 of late, and in our hands now being, &c. And also all that our rectory and 
 church of Feltham, with all its rights, members and appurtenances, in our said 
 county of Middlesex, to the late hospital of Burton aforesaid belonging and 
 appertaining, or being part or possession thereof; and the advowson, donation, 
 free disposition, and right of patronage, of the vicarage of the parish of 
 Feltham, in our said county of Middlesex, of the possessions of the late 
 hospital of Burton aforesaid, being, belonging and appertaining. 
 
 And also all and singular their manors, messtiages, rectories, churches, &c. 
 (amongst others) in the parish of St. Giles in the Fields, without the bars of 
 London ; and in Holbourne, Feltham, and Edmonton (Edelmeton,) in our said 
 county of Middlesex, and in the citi/ of London and elsewhere, and wheresoever 
 within our kingdom of England, to the said late hospital of Burton St. Lazarus, 
 otherwise the hospital of Burton St. Lazar, and of the said late hospital of 
 St. Giles in the Fields, without the bars of London, or either of the same late 
 hospitals in anywise belonging or appertaining ; or as parcel or possession of 
 the said late hospital of Burton aforesaid, and the said late hospital of St. GileS 
 in the Fields, or either of the said late hospitals heretofore possessed, known, 
 accepted, used, or reputed to belong." (") 
 
 Lord Lisle, on receiving this grant of the hospital, fitted up the principal 
 
 part of the building as a residence for himself, and leased various subordinate 
 
 parts of the structure out to different tenants, as well as portions of the adjoining 
 
 ground, 
 
 C) By this grant all tlie possessions of parish of St. Giles. Also of the church of 
 
 the hospital of St. Giles (not expressly men- Feltham, and lands at Edmonton, and of the 
 
 tioned in the exchange with the king) were several rent-charges and hereditaments in the 
 
 vested in lord Lisle. They consisted of the city of London, and the suburbs thereof, and 
 
 hospital, its site and gardens; the church in the fields of Westminster, and at Charing; 
 
 and manor of St. Giles; the Pitaunce Croft ; as described in the account of the hospital 
 
 Newland; Le Lane, and other lands in the possessions, Chap. IV. 
 
LICENCE TO LORD LISLE TO CONVEY HOSPITAL. 
 
 95 
 
 ground, gardens, &c. ; and having dwelt there two years, obtained the king's 
 licence to convey the whole of the premises to John Wymonde Carewe, Esq. 
 as follows : — 
 
 C'*) "The king, to all to whom, &c. greeting. Know ye, that we of our Licence to 
 
 . , , . ., . ^ , r. J J • . Lord Lisle to 
 
 special grace, and in consideration or the sum ot seven pounds and sixteen convey to 
 
 shillings paid to us in our hanaper, do grant and give licence, and by these Wymonde 
 
 presents have granted and given licence, for us and our heirs, as much as in us 
 
 lies, unto our beloved John Dudley, knight of our order of the garter. 
 
 Viscount Lisle, and our Great Admiral of England, to grant and sell, dispose 
 
 of. 
 
 (^*) Among the records in the Lord Trea- talis vulgarit vocat' le Pole Close Ac unu 
 
 surer's Remembrancer's office, in the Ex- aliQ clausum vocat le Newlond continen' p 
 
 5Parsori''mai chequcr, to wit, in the fifth part estimaco'emvigintiacrasacunam aliapeciam 
 
 38 Hen. VIII, of the originals of the thirty- tre vocat' le Lane nup in tenura sive occu- 
 
 ■ ^^ ■ eighth year of the reign of king pac'oe Georgij Sutton Gen'oso Ac unii aliu 
 
 Henry the Eighth, Roll CV, is contained as messuagiu ac pomar' & gardinu eidm mes- 
 
 follows ; that is to say, suagio adjacen' sive p'tinen parcell scit' dci 
 
 Midd'. Rex omnib^; act quos, &c. Sal?m nup Hospitalis nup' in'tenurae sive occu- 
 
 qd nos de Gra spali ac p suma septem pac'oe cujusd"m Magri Derrsyle et quondam 
 
 librarq et sexdecem solidor nob' salutis in in tenura cujusd"m Magri Wynter jacen' et 
 
 Hanapio nro consessimim' et licentium de- existen' infra pred'cam parochiam Sci Egidij 
 
 dim' a p p'sentes concedim' 8c licenciam que de nob' tenent' in Capite Dara possit 
 
 dam' p nob' et heredibj nris quantum in & concede vendere t'dere drinitte delibare 
 
 nob' est dilco nob' Jobi Dudley ordinis nri alienam aut' cognosce ^ finem in Cur' nra 
 
 Gatrij militi vicecomite Lyslij & magno coram justic' nfis de Coi Banco seu aliquo 
 
 admirallo nro Angl' qd ipe totam suam modo quoqunq, ad libitum ipius Jobis Wy- 
 
 mansionem placeam sive capitalem Domu' modde Carewe Armig' Habend' et ten eidin 
 
 nup' dom' dissolut' Hospitalis Sci Egidij in Wymondo heredibj et assign' suis de nob* 
 
 Campis scituat' et existen' in parochia Sci et heredibj nris p s'vicia inde debita & de 
 
 Egidij in Campis in Com' Midd' Ac oiiiia jure consueta imp pm Et eidm Wymondo 
 
 ilia domor edificia orrea gardina stabula & qd ipe pd'cam mansionem domos edificia 
 
 pofiica sua p'tinencia pdce capitali placee gardina stabula pomia clausuris tfe & singula 
 
 sive Hospital! ac unu clausum jacen' ante p'missa que qumq, cum p'tin' a prefato Johe 
 
 magnus portus cjusdem nup Hospitalis con- recipe possit & tenere sibi et heredibj suis 
 
 tinens p estimaco'em sexdecem acras tre cum de nob' et hered' nris p'dcis p s'vicia pd'ca 
 
 omib3 &. singulis suis p'tinen' que nup' sunt sicut pdcm est imp p m tenore p'seniin similit 
 
 vel fuerunt in tenura sive occupaco'e Thoiiie licenciam dedimusac damns spa'lemNolentes 
 
 magnus ciici Necnon unu aiiu messuagiu qd p'fatis Jotiis vel hered essui aut p'fatus 
 
 parcel! situs nup dci Hospitalis una cum Wymondus vel heredes sui p nos vel heredes 
 
 poinerijs & gardinis eid'm messuagio pt'inen nris Justic' escaetores vice comitiant alia 
 
 sive adjacen' existen' in pdca parochia Sci Ballivos seu Ministros nros vel hered' nror 
 
 Egidij nup in tenura sive occupacoe Doc- quocumq, inde occoneter molestant' impe- 
 
 toris Borde Ac unam clausi sive clausum tant' in aliquo seu q** ventorMacaiusrei,8tc. 
 
 jacen' infra p'dict p'cinct diet' nup Hospi- Teste R apud Westm' vj die Julij. 
 
 f2 
 
36 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 hosp. after its 
 dissolution. 
 
 Dr. Andrew 
 Borde, &c. 
 
 of, alienate or acknowledge by fine in our court, before our justices of our 
 common bench, or in any manner whatsoever at his pleasure, unto John 
 Wymonde Carewe, Esq. all that his mansion, place or capital house, late the 
 house of the dissolved hospital of St. Giles in the Fields, in the county of 
 Middlesex, and all those houses, edifices, gardens, stables and orchards 
 Occupants of pertaining to the said capital place or hospital ; and one close lying before the 
 great gate of the same late hospital, containing sixteen acres of land, with all 
 and singular its appurtenances, which are or late were in the tenure or occu- 
 pation of Thomas Magnus, clerk ; also one other messuage, part of the site of 
 the said late hospital, with the orchard and garden to the same messuage 
 pertaining or adjoining, being in the parish of St. Giles, late in the tenure or 
 occupation of Dr. Borde ; and one close or inclosure lying within the said 
 precinct of the said late hospital, commonly called the Pool Close ; and one 
 other close, called the Newland (Le Neweland,) containing by estimation 
 twenty acres ; and one other piece of land, called Le Lane, late in the tenure 
 or occupation of George Sutton, gentleman ; and one other messuage and 
 orchard and garden to the same messuage adjoining or pertaining, parcel of 
 the site of the said late hospital, late in the tenure or occupation of one 
 Master Densyle, and late in the tenure of one Master Wynter, lying and being 
 within the said parish of St. Giles, and held of us in capite ; To hold, &c. to the 
 same Wymonde, his heirs and assigns, of us our heirs and successors for ever, 
 by the services thence due and of right accustomed ; and that he the said 
 "Wymonde Carewe, the said mansion, houses, edifices, gardens, stables. Orchards, 
 closes of land, and all and singular the premises whatsoever, with their appur- 
 tenances, may of the said John receive, and hold of him and his heirs from us 
 and our heirs as aforesaid, by the said services for ever, according to the tenor 
 of these presents, and in the same manner as we give and grant this our special 
 licence ; forbidding the said John or his heirs, or the said Wymonde or his heirs, 
 on account of us or our heirs, or by our justices, escheators, sheriff's, or other 
 our bailiffs or ministers whatsoever, to be thence or on that account in any 
 way obstructed, molested, assaulted or hindered. Witness, the king at 
 Westminster, July 6, 1.547," (38th of his reign.) 
 
 Thus fell the hospital of St. Giles ! a charity of royal foundation, esta- 
 blished for beneficent purposes, and which, partaking neither of the super- 
 stition nor vices commonly imputed to monasteries, might have been continued 
 to posterity with advantage, but for the rapacity of a monarch, whose 
 
 desire 
 
 Reflections 
 on its fall. 
 
CONCLUSION OF ITS HISTORY, &c. 37, 
 
 desire of plunder, rather than love of justice, made him spare no institution 
 
 however sacred or useful. 
 
 As the number of diseased persons in the hospital at the time of its disso- Number of 
 
 liition must have been small, compared with its flourishing state, as weU from yy^^aiur 
 
 the reduction of the income for their maintenance, as from the decrease of the dissolution of 
 
 , . . hospital. 
 
 disorder itself, which about that period v/as, in many places, begmnmg to 
 
 disappear ; the provision requisite for their future subsistence would have been 
 little. Agreeably to the custom as to other religious foundations, some small 
 pensions were probably assigned to the healthy brethren, or officers here, as 
 was the case at Burton ; but the particulars of such, if any, we are unac- 
 quainted with. 
 
 Referring back to the earlier periods of its history, it may seem a question, 
 whether this charity was benefited or injured by its connection with 
 royalty ; or, in other words, whether it did not lose, in point of advantage, 
 what it gained in rank ? — The distinction of " our hospital of St. Giles," and 
 " the hospital of Saint Giles, of the foundation of our predecessors," by which 
 it is described in the royal grants, might have had its influence ; and the How far be- 
 powerful nature of the protection afforded it, have screened it from some bef„"^under** 
 oppressions to which more obscure communities were liable; but it gave the the patronage 
 crown a controul in return, which completely trenched on its independence, 
 not only by destroying its rights as to appointing its officers, and by other acts 
 subversive of its freedom, but in making it an object of barter without any 
 regard to its interests. Thus Edward III, to ease his exchequer of an incum- 
 brance, sold it to Burton St. Lazar. His grandson, Richard II, regardless of 
 that compact, for a greater pecuniary advantage, re-sold it to the abbot of 
 Tower Hill ; and finally, Henry VIII, as we h^ve seen, anticipating its anni- 
 hilation in the general destruction of all similar institutions, obtained an 
 exchange of its most valuable possessions, for which it received no equivalent. 
 
 Having brought to a conclusion such particulars of historical detail, as were 
 to be obtained respecting this hospital, it remains to give some account of 
 the nature of its government, its masters, and other officers ; a description of Conclusion of 
 the hdlding itself, and the premises attached to it, and the manner in '^ history. 
 which they were disposed of, after they ceased to be used for the purposes 
 to which they were first set apart. These wiU be found to occupy the two 
 
 succeeding 
 
^n: 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 succeeding chapters. Previously to entering, however, upon these subjects* 
 it may be right to subjoin a short notice of the custom, almost peculiar to this 
 hospital, called, the "St. Giles's Bowl," mentioned by various writers. (") 
 
 A List and Summary of the hospital possessions, particularly in St. Giles's 
 parish, will be found in Chap. IV. 
 
 St. Giles's 
 bowl. 
 
 PECULIAR CUSTOM. 
 
 On the removal of the gallows from the elms in Smithfield, before 1413, they 
 were erected at the north end of the garden wall belonging to this hospital, 
 opposite to the place where the Pound afterwards stood ; between the ends of 
 St. Giles's High-street and Hog-lane, on which spot it continued till its 
 removal to Tyburn. The condemned criminals, on their way to this, the plac6 
 of execution, usually stopped at the hospital great gate, where they, as their 
 last refreshment in this life, were presented with a large bowl of ale ; whence 
 the name of the *' Saint Giles's bowl." Or, as the custom is more quaintly 
 narrated by Burton, in his Leicestershire : — " At the hospital of Saint Giles 
 in the Fields, without the bar of the Old Temple London, and the Domus 
 Conversorum, now the Rolls, the prisoners conveyed from the city of London 
 towards Teybourne, there to be executed for treasons, felonies, or other 
 trespasses, were presented with a great bowle of ale, thereof to drinke at their 
 pleasure, as to be their last refreshing in this life." ('*) 
 
 ( '^ ) See Stowe's " Survaie," &c. for leaving his liquor: had he stopped, as 
 
 (^*) A similar custom, observes Mr. Pen usual, bis reprieve, which was actually on the 
 
 nant, in bis account of London, obtained road, would have arrived time enough ta 
 
 antiently at York ; whicli gave rise to the have saved him. 
 
 saying that the sadler of Bawtry was hanged 
 
 -«?« J ■■'■■^aTTMrn^ii .J-^Sf"*^^ST^S r.iu^ 
 
ITS GOVERNMENT— OFFICERS, &c. 3§ 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of the Government of Hospital; mth List and Account of Masters, Custodies, 
 ^c. ; and Particulars as to other Officers on the Establishment ; their Number, 
 Nature, Duties, ^c. 
 
 THE government of the hospital, and the controul and management of its Government 
 estates and property, were vested in a master or warden, and other officers, °^ ^|J^|^ ^ ' 
 with whom were associated a certain number of sound or healthy brethren, and vested, 
 subsequently sisters, as also in certain cases the lepers themselves. They 
 assembled in chapter, had a common seal, and held courts as lords of the manor 
 of St. Giles. As checks over any abuse of power which these might exercise, 
 particularly in the disposal of the hospital estates, there were early appointed 
 a sort of overseers or guardians, called custodes, who did not reside like the 
 others within the hospital, but were generally citizens of the first eminence. 
 The following are such particulars of each as are furnished by existing 
 records : — 
 
 Masters or Wardens. — The foundation charter of Matilda only appointed Masters or 
 a chaplain, clerk, and messenger (valettum,) to preside over the hospital, (') their an-' 
 and accordingly, the titles of custos and magister, do not occur until several ''q""y and 
 years afterwards. The first person called master, in old writings, is '* Dom* 
 Willielm' Capellanus," anno 1212 (13 k. John,) whose name is mentioned in 
 a deed of prior date as custos, or keeper only, though filling then the situation 
 of superior of the hospital. After him the heads of the establishment, who 
 still continued for a considerable time to be chaplains or ecclesiastics, (*) are 
 
 invariably 
 
 (') At the early period when the hospital Anlonio, one of them, derived his sirname 
 was founded, the lepers were suffered to go from being " rector of the church of St. An- 
 abroad to heg, (see note, p. 5,) and probably thony," attached to the hospital of that name 
 did not on that account want a greater nam- in Threadneedle-street. And another master, 
 ber of superintendents. Diius Rogerus de Clare, held, together with 
 
 (*) The master, as a clergyman, occasion- his mastership, the vicarage of Hampton, 
 ally held other situations besides the master- See p. 4^. 
 ship of St. Giles's house. Roger de Sco ■ 
 
40 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Clerk and 
 Proctor. 
 
 Receiver. 
 
 Messenger. 
 
 Brothers and 
 sisters. 
 
 How de- 
 scribed in old 
 deeds. 
 
 invariably styled " Masters of St. Giles." Next in authority to the master 
 appears to have been the 
 
 Clerk, as he is termed in the foundation charter alluded to, who was 
 probably the same officer, subsequently called " procurator." The duty of 
 the procurator or proctor, was to collect the donations of charitably disposed 
 persons, (') and to regulate the expenditure and concerns of the charity 
 generally. He also in after-times acted as attorney or solicitor to the hospital, 
 and on a vacancy in the mastership, appears frequently to have exercised that 
 office until a new appointment was made. Several persons who came to be 
 masters, are previously noticed as having been procurators or proctors to the 
 establishment. 
 
 Receiver — " Receptor," an officer so termed, is mentioned in several of the 
 antient deeds, who, if the proctors did not hold that situation with their own, 
 which seems uncertain, were persons appointed as the hospital estates and pro- 
 perty began to increase, to receive the rents, and adjust the accounts. See p. 43. 
 
 Messenger — " Unu valettu," appointed by the foundation charter, seems 
 to have been a subordinate officer answering this description. In some deeds 
 also, among the subscribing witnesses, "servientu hosp p' diet" is mentioned. 
 Quaery, if the same. 
 
 Brothers and Sisters. — These, in all pubHc acts and grants affi^cting the 
 general interests, shared the government with the master. They included the 
 officers just specified and others, and were distinguished (the former at least) 
 by the term sound, or healthy brethren (fratris sanisj. The sisters were 
 probably a sort of matrons or nurses, (*) and were likewise associated with 
 ihem in the management. These are described various ways in the deeds to 
 which they are parties, as " Frat' Hospit' sci Egidij ;" Fratris et sororibus 
 hosp sci Egidij j" and sometimes as the "brothers and sisters of the monastery 
 of St. Giles," and " the convent of St. Giles." — It is to be understood, how- 
 ever, that bequests were only made to them in trust for the infirm ; and that 
 their management was to be directed for the latter's benefit, or, as it is expressed 
 in some of the records, " for the proper uses of the said hospital ;" and that 
 they were only the officers and guardians of the lepers, and could not appropriate 
 
 any 
 
 C) See note, p. 5. and the same number of sisters, had the joint 
 
 (*) In St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Smith- custody and care of the foundation, with the 
 field, which though not for lepers, was a master and other officers. , 
 
 similar kind of charity, four of the brothers, 
 
<i - 
 
 ITS GOVERNMENT— OFFICERS, &c. 4t 
 
 any gift made to the charity to their own exclusive use, unless so specified. 
 Accordingly, in some of the grants, the donation is stated to be made " to the 
 master, and brothers and sisters of the infirm," (?. e. to the officers and attend- 
 ants of the lepers,) where it is intended for their separate use, which was occa- 
 sionally the case j but in others it is mentioned as being given ** ad infirmo- 
 rum sci Egidij." — It is worthy of remark also, that where the latter form of Distinction 
 gift occurs, the infirm " brethren" only are named, and never " sisters," which between 
 shews that these females were not diseased persons admitted into the hospital, infirm 
 but merely matrons or nurses, as stated ('). In some leases, the "infirm" brethren, 
 are expressly named as parties with the above. The custodes always consent 
 to transfers of the hospital property in deeds of an early date. 
 
 Custodes. — Of these officers, who it has been noticed were in general the Custodes. 
 most eminent citizens, including several of the mayors, sheriffs, &c. the origin 
 is not mentioned, but they do not appear to have formed part of the original 
 establishment. They sometimes (probably during vacancies in the mastership) 
 not only assumed the powers of masters, but the title itself. An instance of 
 this occurs in one of the deeds, which states, that the brothers and sisters 
 grant, with the consent of Thomas de Hav'rell (Hardell) and William Harvile, 
 their masters (Tho' de Hav'rell et Will' Harvil mag'ror nror). See further as 
 to them in the list of masters, &c, which follows. 
 
 These were the principal persons to whom was committed the custody and 
 care of the hospital of St. Giles, previously to its union with Burton. They 
 were either reduced or abolished subsequently to that event, being in no 
 instance mentioned afterwards. We proceed to give a chronological list and 
 account of the masters, wardens, &c. ; and shall subjoin, as a conclusion to this 
 chapter, such particulars of the other persons connected with the establish- 
 ment, as have been met with : — 
 
 (') At the mother hospital of Burton there number, and were associated with certain of 
 were no sisters, nor is any mention made of the poor leprous brethren. In deeds of 
 them at St. Giles after its transfer to that gift they are styled, " the healthy brethren 
 house. There were at the former, however, dwelling at Burton," Aiidi fratris sanis apud 
 in like manner, brethren, not lepers, to whom Burton. 
 its government devolved . They were eight in 
 
 G 
 
4e 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 WARDENS AND MASTERS OF ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL, 
 
 From its first foundation, anno 1101, to its becoming a cell to Burton St. Lazar, 
 
 Leicestersh. 1354. 
 
 Johannes Capcllanus. 
 
 Anno 1101. — Chaplain of the original or parochial church, was probably the 
 first warden of St. Giles. As the charter of Henry II mentions the hospital to 
 have been founded " ubi Johannes bonae memoriae fuit Capellanus." 
 
 Ralph, son of Ade, 
 Cotterell Auno 1186, — Is described as warden in a deed of this date, to which himself 
 
 mm*^part of ^^^ brethren, and the prior and brethren of the hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, 
 Lincoln's- were parties, assuring the latter in possession of an estate in St. Giles's parish. 
 
 Inn New 
 
 Square. called Cotterell Garden, on payment of O*. per annum to the hospital ; to which 
 deed one Stephen, the son of Toka de Crupelegate, is also a party, as procurator 
 of St. Giles. 
 
 Dom' Willielm' Capellan' Magister. 
 
 Anno 1212. — This is" the first person on record who occurs under the title 
 of master, being so named in a deed, dated the 13th of k. John. In a deed of 
 a prior date he is called custos, or keeper. After him 
 
 THE FOLLOWING PERSONS, HIS SUCCESSORS, ARE ALL CALLED 
 
 MASTERS. 
 
 Dom' Rogerus de Clare, 
 Anno 1223, — Who was master nearly about this period, is not termed as the 
 former "capellanus" or chaplain; though, from the "Sir" prefixed to his 
 name, he was evidently an ecclesiastic, and is in one of the deeds termed 
 " vicar of Hampton." During his mastership the first mention is made of 
 custodes, or guardians, apparently a kind of overseers of the charity. The 
 following are the two who served in his time, viz. : — 
 
 Custodes. 
 
MASTERS— CUSTODES, &c. 
 
 4» 
 
 CuSTODES. 
 
 Andrew le Uclose. 
 Anno 1223. 
 
 Mentioned as mayor of London 
 in the deed in which his name 
 occurs, but probably only custos 
 or keeper of the city during a 
 vacancy in the office of mayor, 
 as his name is not inserted in 
 the list of mayors. — Strype's 
 Stowe, Maitland, &c. 
 
 CuSTODES. 
 
 Andrew Bockerel. 
 Anno 1223. 
 Sheriff of London in the year 
 1223, (the period above-menti- 
 oned,) and mayor of London from 
 the year 1232 to the year 1237. 
 He was of an eminent family in 
 the city, his relations, Stephen 
 Bockerell and Thomas Bockerell, 
 having been sheriffs, one in 1817, 
 the other in 1227 and 1228. 
 
 Dom' Walterus Capellanus. 
 
 Anno 1230, &c. — There appears to have been two masters of this name, 
 who held the office at the distance of half a century from each other, and are 
 both styled " capellanus." The present one, who was the first, is in deeds of 
 a prior date to the above termed " receptor," then " rectori hosp sci Egidij," 
 afterwards " co-magr," and lastly, " magister ;" all of which situations he 
 seems to have filled in succession. "With him served as custodes, Andrew 
 Bockerell, last-mentioned ; and also, 
 
 Custodes. 
 Thorn' de Harvyle. 
 Anno 1230. 
 
 Thomas de Harvil, or Harvyle, 
 is styled in one deed which he 
 witnesses, " scutar Reg." and 
 appears to have been one of the 
 officers of the royal household. 
 One William de Harvylle (pro- 
 bably his ancestor) served as 
 sheriff of London anno 1190. 
 
 Custodes. 
 William Hardell. 
 Anno 1230. 
 William Hardell was sheriff of 
 London in the year 1207, and 
 occurs as a witness in a great 
 number of the hospital grants, as 
 well as his associate Thomas Har- 
 vyle. In 1215 he was mayor of 
 London, as was Richard Hardell 
 (possibly his son) from 1254 to 
 1258. 
 
 Magr. Willmo de KirkeSf 
 Anno 1253, — Was procurator anno 1216, and master as above. He does 
 not appear to have been an ecclesiastic. The custodes with him were, 
 
 G 2 
 
 Custodes. 
 
44 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 CUSTODES. 
 
 Nicholas Bat. 
 
 CuSTODES. 
 
 Adam Basinss. 
 
 Anno 
 1253. 
 
 Was mayor of London in 1253, 
 and the same year custode of the 
 hospital. He appears (indepen- 
 dently of his office) to have been 
 a man of eminence in the city, 
 though not distinguished in his- 
 tory. Gerard Bat, his ancestqr, 
 served the same office of mayor 
 anno 1240. 
 
 Or, de Basiuge, who was also 
 mayor of London in 1251, was 
 of the great family of the Ba- 
 singesj who gave name to Basing- 
 hall-street, which was the site of 
 their town mansion. Solomon 
 Basing was mayor in 1216, and 
 Hugh Basing sheriff. 
 
 Anno 
 1253. 
 
 Thomas de Kirhehy. 
 Anno 1260. — Most probably followed the person after whom he is placed 
 as master j as Thomas, but without the sirname, is mentioned as holding that 
 place, in deeds, near this time. The only other notice relating to him 
 occurs in pleas, 47 Edw. Ill, about a house belonging to the hospital, which is 
 there said to have been re-built, " while Thomas de Kirkeby was master." 
 The uncertainty of the date of his beginning his mastership renders it impos- 
 sible to tell who were custodes with him. 
 
 Donv Willielm' Capellanus. 
 Anno 1270. — Is grantor as master, in a deed of this date, but seems to have 
 some time previously filled that office, and was, like several of his predecessors, 
 at one time chaplain of the hospital. Only one person is mentioned as custode 
 with him, viz. Walter Henry, of whom see an account hereafter. 
 
 William de Cokefeld, Magr. 
 Anno 1271. — Succeeded the above, before which time he had acted as pro- 
 curator, viz. during the custoship of Harvyle and Hardell, who appear to have 
 been in that office at intervals for many years. He probably was an old man, 
 as the name of another master occurs only seven years afterwards. The cus- 
 todes, while he was master, are not named. 
 
 Rogerus 
 
 Magr. 
 
 Anno 1278. — A person thus described, but without any sirname, grants as 
 master certain of the hospital estates, in a deed of this date, with the consent 
 of the custode, &c. 
 
 Custode. 
 
MASTERS— CUSTODES, &c. 
 
 45 
 
 CusTODE. — Sir Gregory de Rolcesley, Knight, 
 
 Mayor of London from the year 1275 to the year 1281, and again 
 in the year 1285. This great citizen and highly eminent magistrate 
 is celebrated by Stowe, for resisting a court mandate, which en- 
 trenched on the city's liberties ; for which being summoned to 
 answer the king's ministers, and conceiving it a degradation to do 
 so in his official capacity, he disrobed himself of his mayor's dress, 
 and appeared only as a private person. See much of him in 
 that author's Survey of London, &c. 
 
 Had' de Septern Fontibus. 
 Anno 1280. — A layman, and father of William de Septem Fontibus, 
 a landholder of St. Giles's parish. This surname of Septem Fontibus, or the 
 Seven Springs, frequently occurs in the hospital records, and seems to have 
 belonged at the time to a considerable family (*). The same 
 
 CusTODE. — Sir Gregory de Rokesley, Knight, 
 Continued in office during the mastership of the above Ralph, 
 after whose time there does not seem to have been more than one 
 custode appointed with each master. 
 
 Walterus Capellanus. 
 Anno 1283. — (The second master of that 
 name,) grants as procurator, an. 1273, (1st of 
 Edw. I,) and again in the same capacity 1283. 
 With him served as 
 
 CusTODE. 
 Sir Ralph Esrvy, 
 
 A Radulphus Eswy, or 
 Asway, served the office of 
 sheriff of London in the 
 year 1284, and again in 
 1289, and was probably 
 father of the above ; for we 
 can scarcely suppose, from 
 the great age he must have 
 attained, that they were one 
 and the same person. 
 
 Anno 
 1283. 
 
 H 
 O 
 
 a 
 
 w 
 
 Frat' Rog' de Sco Antonio. 
 Anno 1291. — Officiated as procurator be- 
 fore he rose to be master. His name occurs 
 various times among the hospital records. 
 See as to his bequest for a sub-deacon, &c. 
 
 page 57. 
 
 CuSTODE. 
 
 Walter Hemy. 
 Walterus Hemy, or Henry 
 (for his name is spelt both 
 ways,) was sheriff of London 
 in the year 1 268, and custode 
 of this hospital in the year 
 1270, with the then master 
 Diius Will' Capellanus. 
 This serves to shew, that 
 the same person was some- 
 times re-elected. 
 
 Anno 
 1291. 
 
 Fraf 
 
 (*) The river Fleet, antiently called the and Highgate, by Caenwood. The surname 
 river of Wells, rises from seven springs on the of this family may have been taken from 
 south side of the hill between Hampstead their residence in that neighbourhood. 
 
46 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Frat' Geoffery de Birston. 
 Anno 1293. — One of the brothers of the house was this year constituted 
 master by Edward I, whose mandate states his appointment to have been 
 made in consequence of the dissentions among the members of the establish- 
 ment, which had previously existed. Before this time the masters seem to 
 have been elective (J). 
 
 William de Wetheresfeld. 
 Anno 1300. — The name of William de Wetheresfeld occurs in many of 
 the hospital deeds about this period, as master, but not as having filled any 
 subordinate office. There are no custodes mentioned with him. 
 
 THE FOLLOWING PERSONS ARE ONLY DESCRIBED AS 
 
 PROCURATORS, 
 
 But probably filled up some of the Chasms in the Dates in the preceding List, 
 
 as Masters. 
 
 Edwardiis . Dnus Gerardus. 
 
 Anno 1218. — An officer of the hospital, of 
 this name, but without any other addition, 
 occurs both as a grantor and witness to 
 several deeds, acting with the consent of the 
 brothers, &c. 
 
 Anno 1223. — Two persons of this name, 
 but at some distance of time from each other, 
 grant as procurators. The present one, from 
 his title of Dominus, was probably an eccle- 
 siastic. 
 
 Custodes. Custodes. 
 
 Haroyle and Hardell, as before. As before, Hardell and BoclcereU. 
 
 Gerard . Robert de Stapul. 
 
 Anno 1279. — Of this second Gerard, no 
 other notice appears among the records, but 
 that of his simply signing as procurator, 
 among other witnesses. 
 
 Anno 1287. — ^Though placed here as pro- 
 curator, it is not certain, that such was the 
 office this Robert held, since he grants with 
 the brothers and sisters, without his office 
 being mentioned. 
 With both these last persons no Custodes axe mentioned. 
 
 Masters 
 
 (') N. B. — A Galfridus de Briston,orBirs- king's letters of protection, 6th Janry 1369, 
 ton, (quaere, if this person or a descendant?) Pat. 43, Edw. Ill, p. 2. See also Newcourt, 
 being to go to parts beyond the seas, had the vol. II, p. 611. 
 
PROCURATORS, &c. i(f 
 
 MASTERS OF BURTON ST. LAZAR, & WARDENS OF ST. GILES, 
 
 From the Year 1354, when the Grant was made by King Edward III, to the 
 
 Dissolution, anno 1539. 
 
 Brother Richard Leghton. 
 Anno 1354. — The first master of Burton, who was also warden of St. Giles ; 
 to whom K. Edward III granted the custody of the latter, in consideration of 
 his remitting an annuity, due from the crown, of 40 marks per ann ('). 
 
 Brother John Crysipn. 
 Anno 1358. — Was the successor of the above. In his time a great disturb- 
 ance having happened, in which forcible possession was taken of St. Giles's 
 hospital and its records, by persons apparently inimical to the transfer just 
 stated ; the king, by his writ, directed inquiry to be made, and the offenders 
 to be punished ('). 
 
 William de Tytnt. 
 Between anno 1358 and 1373, succeeded John Cryspin, but in what year ia 
 uncertain. 
 
 Frere Hugh Michel. 
 Anno 1373. — Styled general commander of the hospital of St. Lazarus in 
 England, successor of the above. 
 
 William Thomas . 
 
 These two masters, whose christian names only are mentioned, occur 
 among the grants of St. Giles's hospital. They held their office, the 
 one in 1375, the other in 1376. 
 
 Robert Halliday. 
 
 Before anno 1380. — Succeeded the last named master, but in what year is 
 uncertain. 
 
 Frat' Willm' de Croxton. 
 Anno 1380. — Exhibited the several grants, by inspeximus, of different 
 
 kings 
 (') See the grant, chap, i, p. 17. (') Chap. 1, p. 19. 
 
4« 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 kings to St. Giles's hospital, before the barons of the Exchequer, this year, to 
 be enrolled, and which was accordingly done. 
 
 Frat' Walterus de Lynton. 
 Anno 1402. — The above Walter Lynton collected, and caused to be fairly 
 entered in a vellum book, all the charters, grants, &c. to St. Giles's hospital, 
 from its foundation to this year, as has been stated ; — but whether he was 
 actually master at the time, is doubtful ; as in the year 1404, he was com- 
 plainant in pleas held before the king's justices, touching the right of custody 
 of St. Giles's hospital, according to the grant 27 Edw. Ill, in which pleas it 
 is set forth, that the following persons had been possessed of such custody 
 before, and during part of his mastership, viz. : — 
 
 JBro'" Nich' de Dover. 
 
 Anno 1387. — Formerly master of Bur- 
 ton, and successor to Br. William de Crox- 
 ton, was confirmed in the possession of 
 Saint Giles's Hospital, anno 10 Ric.ll, 
 agreeably to grant 27 Edw. III. But rt 
 being afterwards charged against him, 
 that he had broken the foundation statutes, 
 by reducing the lepers, and improper ad- 
 missions, he was displaced. And 
 
 Richard Clifford, Clk. 
 Anno 1390. — The same king Richard, 
 by other his letters patent, dated in the 
 13th of his reign, granted again to his 
 beloved clerk, Richard Clifford, (after- 
 wards bishop of Worcester,) the custody 
 of Burton, as well as St. Giles, to hold 
 during life. And subsequendy, viz. 
 
 Jn" Macclesfield, Clk. 
 
 Anno 1389. — By other letters patent, 
 dated 12 Ric. II, the king did give and 
 grant unto his beloved clerk, John Mac- 
 clesfield, the aforesaid hospital of St. Giles, 
 described in said grant as being then 
 vacant. To hold the custody thereof dur- 
 ing life to the said John Macclesfield, 
 with reversion to his heirs. But after 
 said John's death — 
 
 Abbot ofToiver Hill. 
 
 Anno 1392. — (An.reg' sui 14,) the same 
 king Richard, by other his letters patent, 
 (in consideration of the remission of an an- 
 nuity of 110 marks due from the crown,) 
 gave said hospital and the advocation 
 thereof, with the church within said hos- 
 pital of St. Giles. To hold to said abbot, 
 &c., to the injury of said Walter. 
 
 Sir Geoffry Shrigley. 
 Anno 1431. — Succeeded Walter de Lynton, or at least was master in 
 that year('°). 
 
 Frat* 
 
 ('") In 1431, an agreement was entered den of Saint Giles (inter nobilem Uominum 
 
 into between the master of Burton and war- Galfridum Shiigley militem, magister de 
 
 Burton 
 
PROCURATORS, &c. i9 
 
 Frat' Willm' Sutton. 
 Anno 1461.— Master of Burton, and Warden of St. Giles, is mentioned in a 
 clause of an act of resumption, 1 Edw. IV. 
 
 George Sutton. 
 
 Anno 1491. — Appears to have been master after the above William Sutton, 
 and from the coincidence of names, might have been related to him. His 
 successor was — 
 
 Thomas Harringwold. 
 Anno 1493.— Of whom we find no particulars but the name. Succeeded by 
 
 Sir Thomas Norton, Kn'. 
 
 Anno 1508. — The only memorial we meet with concerning him, is the deed 
 of sale of the " Goate on the Hope," (one of the hospital estates) noticed 
 p.28C) 
 
 • Bro'' Thomas Ratcliffe. 
 
 Anno 1537. — Who, as master, this year made an exchange (probably com- 
 pulsory) with Henry VIII, of most of the hospital estates ; and which, after 
 the dissolution, viz. anno 1545, the king again granted (int. al*) to Ld Vise' 
 Lisle, as also the Hosp of St. Giles itself. See p. 33. (") 
 
 Further 
 
 Burton Sancti Lazari Jerusalem ac custodem Nichols Leicestersh. II. p. 272. And see 
 
 Hospitij Sancti Egidij) concerning the tythes further as to this, in Hist. Parish, 
 of the manor of Bloomsbury (Biemundes- C) Survey of London, p. 414. And see 
 
 bury), " in parochia Hospitij predict!." — Nichols Leicestersh. art. Burton St. Lazar. 
 
 (") At the dissolution, the hospital of Burton St. Lazar was rated at the clear yearly 
 value of £.265. IDS. 2fd. 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Burton "1 M' el Fralres fTemporalibus - - - - 85 5 7 
 
 St. Lazari J habent in IDominicalibus - - -200 
 
 Summa - - - £.145 5 7 
 
 In 1553* here remained in charge £.5 in annuities, and the following pensions, viz. 
 
 To Robert Cockle, clerk - £.4. To William Prowdloe £.3. 
 
 To John Frankysse - 4. To Thomas Aunset - - 2. 
 
 H 
 
36 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 FURTHER OBSERVATIONS AS TO GOVERNMENT OF HOSPITAL. 
 
 In their more important transactions, the master, brothers and sisters, appear 
 always to have deliberated in full chapter, in the manner of the regular monas- 
 teries, and to have possessed all the usual corporate functions of those establish- 
 ments. Their deeds are stated to be sealed " cum sigillum commune hospit' 
 predict," the common seal of the said hospital, or, as it is sometimes termed, the 
 common seal of the said convent. And their consequence is evinced by their 
 holding courts, and exercising manorial rights within their jurisdiction : — 
 all payments of rents and pecuniary acknowledgments being directed in their 
 several grants to be made at the " court of the said hospital," (curie p'dici 
 hospit'). And tenants holding by service of bodily labour and other servile 
 tenures, are to render such services to the said master, brothers and sisters, as 
 lords of the fee (dfii feodi). 
 
 Of the lesser persons on the establishment, or servants properly so called, 
 the foundation statutes, as just observed, name but the one, termed valettum, 
 whose precise office it is difficult to divine. That a single domestic must 
 have been of little use to wait on so many diseased persons, is evident ; 
 the servant here appointed was probably, therefore, not only a messenger, 
 but a sort of housekeeper or bursar, and had menials under him, who 
 did the inferior business of the house. A proof of this is, that one of 
 the hospital grants expressly mention a cook, as belonging to it : — the 
 master, and brothers and sisters, having leased, 14 Edward II, to " Richard, 
 the cook of the said hospital, and his wife Matilda, two shops in Holbom." 
 And if a cook, it, no doubt, had its porter or janitor, gardener, and other ser- 
 vants, as was usual in similar fraternities. " Willielmo le Cordwan s'vient sokones 
 dca hospit." possibly one of these menials, occurs as a witness to one of the 
 hospital deeds in the reign of John ; as do other names imder the description 
 of " s'viente p'dca hospitalis." — From these hints, and what has been before 
 said, some estimate may be formed of the extent and nature of this charity 
 in its flourishing state. Its union with Burton probably made great alterations, 
 and account for its having much dwindled previously to its dissolution. 
 
HOSPITAL BUILDINGS. CHURCH, &c. 61 
 
 CHAP. IIL 
 
 HOSPITAL BUILDINGS, CHURCH, &c. 
 
 Account of the Hospital Site and Buildings; viz. Hospital Mansion, Gate- 
 house, Chapter-house, Cloisters, ^c. ; the Hospital Church, its Altars and 
 Chapels, and its Anniversary Obits and Priests. Particulars as to the 
 Hospital Gardens, Closes, Walls, ^c. "with Plan. 
 
 THE site of the hospital was the site of the original parochial church which Hospital site. 
 stood here, as is evident from the words of K. Henry the second's charter, which 
 expressly state it to have been founded, " ubi Johannes bonae memoriffi fuit 
 capellanus," upon the spot where John of good memory was chaplain. (') 
 The ground, which was originally crown land, was given (together with the 
 manor of St. Giles) by the royal foundress, and consisted, according to pope 
 Alexander's bull, (') of eight acres; upon which, says Leland, the queen 
 caused to be built " a house (i. e. a principal mansion) with an oratory (chapel) Buildings 
 
 first ErGctcd 
 
 and offices." That these buildings, at first few and small, were afterwards in- on. 
 creased and enlarged, as well as the hospital boundaries, when the charity added 
 to its revenues, there seems no doubt. But what the alterations were, at this 
 distance of time can only be conjectured. 
 
 The grant of the hospital, by Henry VIII to lord Lisle, simply describes Particulars as 
 it as " All that the late dissolved hospital of St. Giles in the Fields, without the cr'ibed in the 
 bars of London, with its appurtenances, &c. lately dissolved." But his licence ly^"*^^ ^? 
 to that nobleman to convey the same to Wymond Carew, contains a description Carewe, 
 of part of these premises, sufficiently detailed to afford almost every information He"n^'vni. 
 that can be desired. They are thus particularized :— 
 
 " All that mansion, place, or capital house, late the house of the dissolved 
 hopital of St. Giles in the Fields ; — and all those houses, gardens, stables and 
 orchards to the same belonging ; and one other messuage (parcel of the site 
 of the said late hospital,) and the orchard and garden to the same belonging 
 
 and 
 (') See chart. Hen. II, chap. I, p. 6. (') See chap. I, p. g. 
 
 h2 
 
52 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Pool Close. 
 
 Pitaunce 
 Croft 
 
 Newland. 
 Le Lane. 
 
 Gate-house. 
 
 Church and 
 Chapter- 
 house. 
 
 and adjoining, late in the tenure of Dr. Borde ; — and one other messuage, and 
 orchard and garden, to the same adjoining or belonging (parcel of the site of 
 the said late hospital,) late in the tenure or occupation of one Master Densy 11, 
 and since of one Master Winter ; — also one close or inclosure, lying within the 
 precinct of the said late hospital, commonly called Le Pole Close ; and one 
 close lying before the great gate of the same hospital, containing by estimation 
 sixteen acres, with their appurtenances, late in the occupation of Thomas 
 Magnus, clerk ; — also one other close called Newland, containing by estimation 
 twenty acres ; — and one other piece of land called Le Lane, late in the 
 occupation of George Sutton, gentleman." 
 
 From the foregoing enumeration, we learn, that the hospital buildings were 
 nearly of a similar description at the foundation and dissolution, and consisted 
 of a principal building, or the hospital properly so called, probably devoted to 
 the sole residence of the lepers and their attendants, &c. constituting its chief 
 part, denominated the " Capital Place or Mansion House." 
 
 A Great Gate, or gate-house, common to all establishments of this kind, 
 and which probably contained a porter's lodge, and other chambers. 
 
 Various subordinate erections, particularized as the messuage and premises 
 occupied by Dr. Borde ; those by Densyll and Winter, and most likely 
 numerous lesser buildings, which are only mentioned in the grant as " the 
 Houses, Stables, &c. to the same belonging." In addition to those, were : — 
 
 The Church and Walls, which are not mentioned in the grant (the former 
 remaining to the parish,) but which were also prominent features among the 
 hospital buildings ; and from the before-noticed deeds, we learn, that a 
 
 Chapter House was one of its appendages, ( ' ) and if so, there is little doubt 
 but the hospital had cloisters, and all the other parts of a regular monastery. 
 
 Hospital 
 mansion. 
 
 THE CAPITAL PLACE OR MANSION HOUSE 
 
 Stood nearly in a parallel direction with the present church, but more to the 
 
 westward, and was converted into a residence by lord Lisle, and inhabited by 
 
 himself, and afterwards by the famous Alice duchess Dudley, who was buried 
 
 therefrom in 1669 ; soon after which period it was inhabited by Lord Wharton, 
 
 and 
 
 ( ' ) Several of the deeds are said to be assensu capitulo nro." — " Reddendo in cur' 
 " Dat' in cap'lo nro Hospitalls p'dci." In nro Sci Egidij," 8tc. 
 others occur the expressions, " Cum unu 
 
HOSPITAL BUILDINGS, CHURCH, &c. 53 
 
 ancl was demolished, previously to the building of Denmark-street. It was 
 situated where Lloyd's court and the soap manufactory now are. 
 
 DR. BORDE'S MESSUAGE, 
 
 Or the one occupied by Densyll and Winter (it is difficult to ascertain which,) Dr. Borde's 
 it is not improbable was the master's house, and stood near the main building. ™^^*"^S«- 
 This might have been the residence afterwards given by duchess Dudley to the 
 rector, called " The White House," the site of which is now called Dudley 
 Court. 
 
 THE HOSPITAL CHURCH, 
 
 (Which included that of the parish,) though of no great magnitude, yet had its Hospital 
 altars and chapels, at which different priests officiated, exclusively of others ^^^'^^'' i 
 employed in the chantries in singing masses for the repose of the dead. The altars, &c. 
 exact number and nature of these, it may perhaps be impossible, at this 
 distance of time to particularize ; but some idea of them may be formed from 
 hints in the hospital grants, which will be seen in speaking of the anniversary 
 obits kept here. Of the supposed style of architecture of the church, and other 
 minutiae connected with it, as a building, a more detailed account will be found 
 in the succeeding history of the parish. 
 
 The principal object of attention on entering the hospital church, must have St. Giles's 
 been its high altar of St. Giles, which stood at its east end, and was probably ijgj,^ 
 adorned with an image of the patron saint. Before this burnt a great taper, 
 called " St. Giles's Light," towards the expence of maintaining which, about the 
 year 1200, William Christmas, a parishioner, bequeathed the annual sum of 12 c?. 
 The chapel of St. Michael and its altar, formed another prominent feature in st. Michael's 
 the same building, and had its proper priest or chaplain. These both belonged chapel. 
 to that portion of the structure appropriated to the use of the infirm of the 
 hospital, and which, as most convenient for that purpose, it is reasonable to 
 conjecture, occupied the southern division or half of the church. The 
 
 church. 
 
 PAROCHIAL CHURCH, 
 In all likelihood, for the reasons stated, as also to be nearer the main street. Parish 
 stood on the north side. The relative situation of each, (supposing that to be 
 the case), will appear from the following plate, which contains a plan of both 
 churches (agreeably to this supposition,) as also a representation of the 
 
 exterior 
 
54, ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 exterior of the whole building, as it existed soon after the Dissolution, and is 
 preserved in rude delineations of it, made near the time : — 
 
 S'GiIes'3 Ho.5f3ital,A.D-i-'^° 
 
 b. HoypU^ /Jo. f S^MUJui^J't CAafif^. 
 
 c . /it'// /hwer^ ff Sc^vf^t dttidtHijfAe C/u'^t^ies. 
 
 (I. //t^/t A/itir' h WbxUm/'KToTflntmnr.c 
 
 ANNIVERSARY OBITS, PRIESTS, &c. 
 
 Obits of William Cristemasse, anno 1200 (1st John,) gave by will to the hospital 
 
 William (exclusively of a quit rent of 7 c?-. and also of Jd. issuing from premises in St. 
 
 Giles's parish) the sum of twelve pence annually (left by Alan Cristemasse, his 
 
 father, for his soul's health) to Walter, then procurator, towards St. Giles's 
 
 Light (adluminare sci Egidij,) in the hospital church. 
 Grant of John de Garderoba, or John, wardrobe-keeper to Antony Bee, bishop of 
 
 Garderoba to Durham, granted, anno 1200, to the master, and brothers and sisters of 
 St. Giles's hospital, certain land, with five cottages thereon, at Aldewych, in " poch scI 
 
 Egidij ;" they offering yearly, by way of acknowledgment, one rose, upon the 
 
 altar of St. Giles, in their hospital church. 
 
 Henry, 
 
OBITS, PRIESTS, &c. AT ITS CHURCH. 55 
 
 Henry, son qfAiltvin, (citizen of London,) granted anno 1200, to God, and Obits of 
 the hospital of St. Giles, and to the brothers and sisters of the same, " Deo ^^^^^ f°^ 
 
 1 • 1 1 1 of Ailwin. 
 
 servientibj," for the health of the soul of king Henry, his own soul, and the 
 
 souls of his ancestors and successors, and of all the faithful deceased, five shil- 
 lings annual rent, arising from land at Bishopsgate, to celebrate divine service 
 yearly on the day of his anniversary obit ; (ad faciend' sv'ciu p aia reg. H. & 
 p anima mea, &c. in die anniversarij obit' mei annuatim,) &c. 
 
 William Hostiarij, anno 1218 (2d Hen. Ill,) Edward, procurator of hospital, W''^am 
 and the brothers and sisters, grant certain their land, with a house thereon, 
 situate in Fleet-street, to William Hostiarij, at a yearly rent of twenty shillings, 
 on condition of said William expending annually six shillings and four-pence, 
 at two payments of three shillings and two-pence each, in charity among the 
 brothers and sisters, on the anniversary obits of William Hostiarij and his 
 wife (possibly his parents,) celebrated in their church. 
 
 N. B. — Gerard, procurator of hospital, afterwards renewed this grant. 
 
 Robert, son of Alicia. — G. (Gerard) procurator of hospital, and the brothers Robert, son 
 and sisters, by their deed, dated anno 1224, acknowledge and oblige themselves, "^ Ahcia. 
 in consideration of a yearly rent of twelve shillings, to be received by them 
 of the fee of Geoffery de Fro wick, in St. Anne's parish, London (being a common 
 gift to be divided among the priests, and said brothers and sisters,) to celebrate 
 yearly, for ever, the anniversary of Robert, the son of Alicia (ad pitanciam 
 commune tarn int' sacerdotes qua" int' freset sorores eisdem loci dividendam 
 ad anniversariu Robti fil' Alic' imppm singulis annis faciend'.) 
 
 Richard de St. Albans, rector of the church of St. Botolph (Aldersgate,) near Richard de 
 the above date, grants to the master, and three other chaplains and clerks, " *' -'^"^^*- 
 serving God in the hospital of St. Giles, &c. (Magro & trib5 alijs capellanis 
 & clicis Deo servientib3 in hospitali sci Egidij ex* London) the sum of 
 forty-two pence rent, in pure and perpetual alms, arising from a tene- 
 ment in the parish of St. Sepulchre without Newgate, London, held by Alicia 
 de Wynton, situate between the land of William Wallastere and the way lead- 
 ing to the water of Flete ; to hold to the said master, and chaplains and clerks, 
 for ever, to celebrate the anniversary of his father and mother (p celebracoe 
 anniversarior' p'is mei & mat'is mee ;) such rent of twelve shillings, to be 
 received by the master, and distributed among the said chaplains and clerks, 
 in quarterly payments of 10|-c?. each, &c. 
 
 William 
 
S6 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Obits of 
 
 William de 
 Blemonte. 
 
 Robert de 
 Purtepole. 
 
 William 
 
 Westmell's 
 
 olut. 
 
 Subdeacon to 
 be provided. 
 
 William de Blemonte — Rosia de Blemonte, and William de Blemonte, (third 
 son of the said Rosia,) reg' Hen. Ill, grant and confirm to the hospital, in pure 
 and perpetual alms, for the health of the soul of the said Rosia, and for the soul 
 of William de Blemonte, her late husband, and for the souls of her father and 
 mother, and of her ancestors and successors, ten shillings annual rent, arising 
 from land in the parish of All Saints, in the Hay Wharf (in poch omu scor apud 
 hey wharfe,) subject to a yearly acknowledgment therefrom of two shillings, to 
 the monks of Westminster, the chief lords of the fee ; so that said hospital did 
 cause to be celebrated a yearly obit, or anniversary service, for their souls j 
 (ita scilt quod p'dca fres & sorores singulis annis an'ivsar' ni^m in die obitus 
 mei faciemt,) said Rosia warranting for herself and heirs, never to make 
 claim of such rent, in consideration of the said anniversary being duly 
 observed, &c. 
 
 Robert de Purtepole, or Portpool, by will dated anno 1259 (46 Hen. Ill,) 
 bequeathed to the master and brethren of the hospital of St. Giles, without 
 London, twenty shillings annual rent, arising from his house in the parish of 
 St. Sepulchre, London ; ten shillings per annum, from a house situate in the 
 Strand (apud Strandam,) which John the carpenter held j ten shilhngs quit 
 rent ; and ten shillings arising from a certain house in St. Giles's parish (making 
 together forty shillings per annum) to find one chaplain to celebrate perpetually 
 divine service, in the chapel of Saint Michael, within the hospital church of 
 St. Giles, for his own soul, and for the souls of his ancestors and successors, for 
 ever, and for the souls of all the faithful deceased. 
 
 William Westmell, (reg' Edw. II,) granted to St. Giles's Hospital, without 
 London, the annual rent or sum of four shillings, arising from his tenement in 
 the parish of St. Michael, Queen's Wharf, in "puram et perpetuam elemosinam," 
 to perform a mass for his soul, and for the souls of all the faithful deceased, 
 yearly, on the day of his anniversary, (faciendo missa vto'rent paia mea & 
 cub3 fidelu defunctor' annuatim in die anniversarij mei, &c. 
 
 Rog'' de St. AntJiony, or " de sco Antonio rector ecctie do sco Antonio, 
 Lond' & p'curat' de hosp'. sancti Egidij Lond',"about anno 1292, bequeathed by 
 will, all his land, with the edifices thereon, which Roger de Mordinave held of 
 him, situate in the parish of St. Anthony, London, and extending breadthways 
 towards the east from the king's highway, unto the house of the church of 
 
 the 
 
OBITS, PRIESTS, &c. AT ITS CHURCH. 
 
 57 
 
 the holy St. Anthony, in pure and perpetual alms, to provide one subdeacon 
 
 to minister in the church of St. Giles without London, (ad sustentaco'em 
 
 iinius subdiaconi ministrand' in ecctie sci Egidij ex" Lond',) conditionally that 
 
 the chaplain and proctor did pay annually from the profits of the said land, &c. 
 
 one mark of silver towards the hospital light ; (ita tamen quod quincunq^ p'dci St. Giles's 
 
 hospit' luminas sacerdos & pcurator extiterit p soluat annuatim unam marcam '^ 
 
 argenti de p'dca tra,) &c. 
 
 CHAPLAINS, CHANTRY PRIESTS, &c. 
 There was one chaplain only, originally appointed for the hospital church ; Priests. 
 but in the bequest for the anniversary of Richard de St. Alban's parents, just 
 noticed, three other chaplains and clerks (i. e. exclusively of the master,) are 
 mentioned. There was also one or more chantry priests. The hospital chaplains 
 are distinguished from the parish priests of the parocliial church, in such deeds 
 as their names occur ; the former being sometimes denominated " Cap'ells 
 p'dci hospit ;' capellanus infirm' sci Egidij," and " Rectore hospit' sci Egidij ;" 
 while the parish priest", on the contrary, is termed " Capellano de pochia 
 sci Egidij," presbyter and sacer dote. (*) The chantry priests are not particu- 
 larized. The following are a few of the names which occur, in which this 
 distinction will be seen : — 
 
 Parish Priests. 
 
 Johannes Capellanus. 
 
 Diius Walt' Cristemasse Ca- 
 pellano de poch Sci Egidij. 
 
 Ricardo Hykele Clerico Sci 
 Egidij. 
 
 Robert Presbyter. 
 
 Salomon P'sbiter. 
 
 Walterus Sacerdote. 
 
 HOSPITAL 
 
 (*) Presbyter and sacerdote, are appella- priest, rector or vicar, as distinguished from 
 
 tions which were, according to Bishop his capellan or curate. Tlie parish curate, 
 
 Kennet, in his Parochial Antiquities, always on the contrary, is always called capellan. 
 applied to, and only signified the parish 
 
 
 Hospital Chaplains. 
 
 
 1166. 
 
 Roger Capellanus. 
 
 1100 
 
 1200. 
 
 Gervasius Capellan'. 
 
 1200 
 
 1210. 
 
 Robt'o Cap'ello p'dci Hospit'. 
 
 
 1240. 
 
 Gerrardo Capellano Infirmor' 
 Sci Egidij. 
 
 1260. 
 
 1248. 
 
 Johannes Capellum in p"'ci 
 
 1166. 
 
 
 Hospit'. 
 
 1189. 
 
 1260. 
 
 Mag' Walt' Rectore Hos^ 
 Sci Egidij. 
 
 
SB 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 HOSPITAL GARDENS, &c. 
 
 Hospital 
 gardens. 
 
 Particulars 
 as to. 
 
 Walls. 
 
 In the sentential award or decretal sentence of Stephen, archbishop of 
 Canterbury, made anno 1222, concerning a contest between Eustace, bishop 
 of London, and the abbot of Westminster (in which St. Giles's parish is 
 expressly mentioned,) the hospital gardens appear to have lain between the 
 High-street of St. Giles, the site of the late pound, and Hog -lane. " I am of 
 opinion, therefore," says Maitland, " that the hospital stood where at present 
 Lloyd's court is situate." 
 
 From frequent references in the book of grants, it is evident that the hospital 
 gardens surrounded the whole hospital, with perhaps an exception of its 
 principal front towards St. Giles's-street, and were not confined to any particular 
 corner ; which also agrees with what is known to be fact, from the particular 
 descriptions of these gardens in old deeds, viz. : 
 
 Anicia de Essexiae, in the reign of Richard I, in a grant of a messuage near 
 the hospital, describes it as situate "int* gardinu dci hospit' et viam regiam." 
 That is to say, between the east end of the hospital garden and Aldewych, (now 
 Drury-lane ;) and Henry de Belgrave, soon after the same period, grants 
 " all his land lying in Westm' fields (in campo de Westm') next to the garden 
 of St. Giles's hospital ;" i. e. on its south-west extremity. Other deeds, in 
 like manner, prove the gardens to have environed at least three sides of the 
 hospital buildings. 
 
 That they were divided, there is no doubt, from mention occurring of the 
 " hospital orchard," as well as the specification of the " orchard and garden," 
 belonging to Dr. Borde's messuage, and the "orchard and garden" belonging 
 to the messuage described as occupied by Densyll and Wynter. The portion 
 of ground called " The Pool Close," there is reason to suppose was part of the 
 hospital site. Of the other closes, that containing sixteen acres, and lying 
 before the gate, was the only one that properly belonged to the hospital 
 precincts, and was antiently called the " Pitaunce Croft." 
 
 Le Lane (the lane) surrounded the south and part of the east sides of the 
 hospital. 
 
 The walls or inclosure, commenced on the north-west, at the corner of 
 Hog-lane, opposite to which stood the gallows. Thence they ran on the 
 north-east side as far as the present opening to Monmouth-street, and so on to 
 the south end of Hog-lane, their present boundary. 
 
 The 
 
ITS GARDENS, WALLS, &c. 
 
 59 
 
 The opening next the present entrance to St. Giles's church, by what is called St. GUes's 
 the "Resurrection Gate," or very near it, was the great gate of the hospital, 
 and the spot at which criminals were allowed to drink on their way to the 
 gallows. The relative situation of the foregoing places, will be best explained 
 by the following 
 
 PLAN OF ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL AND PRECINCTS. 
 
 P^-:^Hjt«MBffeM»5S£^^ 
 
 "'y i" rMr„A„„ 
 
 h Cliiificl. t: famttiMl i'llinii utyOdes 
 
 (1 Thet'i-cl (If.ir. 
 
 f T/„ //r.,/L,il„l <lir/,„nl . 
 
 Uotvt'S 'iiul Citir/eti .\- 
 
 It ,i/<//-.// 1 Mill D'tti h.iiltit'(Ls CiKk K-J\e Ditrfi 
 1 0<iHcwi ajtri-\ynrd^th€ Pound 
 
 It may be here mentioned also, that besides the above places the hospital 
 had a granary at Edmonton, to which, in all probability, belonged a grange or 
 farm, and appurtenances. These premises are mentioned in the grant to 
 lord Lisle as " all those lands at Edelmeton," &c. Part of this land, consisting 
 of four acres, was granted by William de Demeford, of Tottenham, to 
 Ralph de Septem Fontibus, master of the hospital, in the reign of Henry III, 
 and abutted north upon the hospital granary. It does not appear by whom 
 the granary itself was given. 
 
 12 
 
60 
 
 ST. GII^ES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 HOSPITAL POSSESSIONS. 
 
 Account of the Hospital Possessions in St. Giles's Parish, and various other Parishes and 
 
 Places in and around London. 
 
 The early Possessions of the Hospital may be classed under three General Heads, 'viz. 
 
 ANNUITIES, RENT-CHARGES, 
 
 Issuing or arising from 
 
 REAL ESTATES, 
 Consisting of 
 
 The Exchequer, 
 Royal Domains, 
 Pbivate Soukces 
 
 Lands, 
 Messuages, 
 Public Bodies. 
 
 Manors, 
 
 Lands and Tenements, 
 
 Advowsons, &c. 
 
 (The annual value, or other particulars of these, follow.) 
 
 THE EXCHEQUER. 
 
 Three pounds per annum given 
 by King Henry II, to provide a 
 habit or dress for the lepers ; 
 payable on" Michaelmas day for 
 ever. 
 
 N. B. — The real purpose of this 
 second endowment was, as stated, 
 to buy a regular habit, and not 
 merely clothes of any sort, as 
 might be supposed. 
 
 LANDS, &c. 
 
 Tenements and lands in the 
 city of London, not particu- 
 larized, given by Robert, the 
 son of Ralph, before the reign 
 of Henry II ; besides ground in 
 various parishes, as described in 
 the hospital grants. 
 
 Annuities issuing from 
 
 ROYAL DOMAINS. 
 
 Three pounds per annum from 
 the customs of the " Ripa Reg- 
 nite," called Aldereshethe, or 
 Edred's Hythe, now Queen's 
 Hythe, given by the foundress 
 Matilda. 
 
 Thirty shillings and five pence 
 per annum from royal domains 
 in Surrey, given by K. Henry II 
 to buy lights. 
 
 Rents issuing from 
 
 MESSUAGES. 
 Seven houses erected by hos- 
 pital on ground situate at Hol- 
 born Bars, given by Richard 
 Younge, canon of St. Paul's, 
 called Richard Junior in Henry 
 IPs charter, and field of him by 
 Matilda Stokes. 
 
 PRIVATE SOURCES, &c. 
 
 Ten shillings per annum from 
 the parish of St. Clement Danes, 
 given by Peter, the son of 
 Meilane, about a.d. H50. See 
 St. Clement's parish. 
 
 Alms, or pensions (the amount 
 not stated,) from the hundred 
 of Isleworth, Middlesex; given 
 about the same time as the above, 
 by Bernard de Walerico. 
 
 PUBLIC BODIES. 
 Nine shillings per annum, pay- 
 able by the hospital of St. John 
 of Jerusalem, for a piece of land 
 in St. Giles's parish, called Cot- 
 te:rell Garden. See p. 46. 
 
 Other 
 
GENERAL ACCOUNT OF ITS POSSESSIONS. 
 
 61 
 
 Other Real Estates, situated as follows, and consisting of 
 
 MANORS. 
 
 The manor of Feltham in Mid- 
 dlesex, given by earl Baldwin de 
 Redmero('), about the time of 
 Richard I, or John. To which 
 was joined — 
 
 Heston, given near the same 
 time by R. de St. Valenco, or St. 
 Valence, ancester of the great 
 family of that name, of which 
 were the celebrated William and 
 Aymer de Valence, earls of Pem- 
 broke. 
 
 LANDS AND TENEMENTS. 
 
 Four acres of land given by 
 sir William, Pincerna('). 
 
 Two acres of land given by 
 Geoffry, the son of Fredescend. 
 
 One acre of land given by 
 Brungaro le Stepne. 
 
 Eight acres of land (the site of 
 St. Giles's hospital), given by 
 Queen Matilda. The foregoing 
 were all situate in St. Giles's 
 parish. 
 
 Land at Heston, given by 
 Richard, bishop of London ; and 
 land (situation unknown) given 
 
 ADVOWSONS, &c. 
 
 The advowson of the parish 
 church of St. Giles, situate within 
 the hospital. 
 
 The advowson and right of 
 patronage to the church and 
 vicarage of Feltham, given by 
 the Countess Hawisia de Rumara, 
 before the reign of Henry H, and 
 afterwards confirmed by Eust' de 
 Falconberg, bishop of London. 
 
 by Roger, the son of Hubert. 
 (') Called in some accounts " Redvers." (*) See p. 6. 
 
 The above account is of the principal grants made to the hospital prior to, or immediately succeed- 
 ing, the reign of Henry H, as enumerated in the charter of that prince, p. 6, and the confirmatory 
 bull of pope Alexander, p. 9. After that period, the donations became so numerous (chiefly consisting 
 of real estates and rent charges) as to produce, even in that early age, a very considerable income ; and to 
 afford an idea of their extent and value, it may be necessary to give a list of the parishes and places in 
 which they were situated, as contained in the original book of grants. (^) 
 
 " Kalendar 
 Poch in Libro isto Content.' 
 
 De Poch Sci Egidij Lond.' 
 
 Sancti Dunstani West. 
 
 Sancte Brigide. 
 
 Sci Martini infra Ludgate. 
 
 Sci Nichi ad Macellas. 
 
 Sci Michis ad Bladum. 
 
 Sci Augustini juxta portam Sci Pauli 
 
 Sci Vedasti et Johe Zacharis. 
 
 Sci Matthei juxta Chepe. 
 
 Sci Petri in Chepe. 
 
 Pluribz Parochijs, viz. 
 
 Sci Benedict Wode Wharfe. 
 Sancti Gregorij. 
 Sancti Petri Pavi. 
 Sancti Olavi in Mugevelstrete. 
 Sci Alphegi juxta Crepilgate. 
 See Marie de Aldermanbury. 
 Sancte Marie Som'sete. 
 Sancti Nichi Olavi. 
 Sancti Martini Orgar. 
 
 (') Har. MS. N" 4,015. 
 
 Sancte 
 
6£ 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Sancte Marie de Conjnghope. 
 
 Sci Benedci Sherhog. 
 
 Sancti Laurencij Judaismo. 
 
 See Margery de Lothbery. 
 
 Sci Martini Pomere. 
 
 Omni Scor in Bred Strete. 
 
 See Mildredi ibidem. 
 
 Sancti Johannem Walbroke. 
 
 Sci Stephi de Walbroke. 
 
 Sancti Antonij. 
 
 Sancte Marie de Arcubz. 
 
 See Marie Aldermanchurche. 
 
 See Marie Ungare Friday Strete. 
 
 Sancti Nichi Cole Abbey. 
 
 Sci Micfeis ad Repam Reginae. 
 
 Sci Martini in Vintria. 
 
 Sci Jacobi in Garlikhithe. 
 
 Sci Thoina Apli. 
 
 Sancti Martini Otewyche. 
 
 Sancti Barthi parvi. 
 
 Sancti Cristofori. 
 
 Oini Scor Heywharfe. 
 
 Sancti Magni Martyri. 
 
 Sancte Margere Pont'. 
 
 Sancti Leonardi in Estchepe. 
 
 Sanict Benedci Grasschirche. 
 
 Oini Sanctor' Berkyng. 
 
 Sancti Andree Huberd. 
 
 Sancti Dunstani Est. 
 
 Sancti Olavi vsus Turrim. 
 
 Sancti Dionisij Baekchirche. 
 
 Sancte Anne. 
 
 Sancti Botulphi ext* Byshoppesgate. 
 
 Sancti Egidij ext' Crepilgate. 
 
 Sancti Botulphi ex* Aldrichegate. 
 
 Sancti Sepulchri e.\" Newgate. 
 
 Sancte Marie del Strond. 
 
 Sancti Clementi Dacor'. 
 
 In Vilet Campis Westm'. 
 
 Sancti Pancracij. 
 
 De poch Tyburne et Westbume. 
 
 De poch de Hestoa. 
 
 De poch de Feltham. 
 
 S5c Wenington et 
 
 Sci Egidium." 
 
 } 
 
 Of the sixty-three parishes and places here enumerated, the hospital had the greatest number of estates in 
 its own parish of St. Giles, and, in fact, owned the greater part of the parish itself; though the amount 
 of its property in estates and rent charges in other parishes was very considerable, as will be seen by the 
 following Abstract of Grants. 
 
ITS ESTATES IN ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 63 
 
 N" of 
 ESTATKS 
 in Plan. (♦) 
 
 II. 
 
 III. 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of, 
 
 Before or After 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Hen. le Calicer. 
 
 Rob. le Crucer. 
 
 The same. 
 
 IV, 
 
 VI, 
 
 Rob. le Rous 
 de Gerviraine. 
 
 Gervase 
 
 le Lyngedrap. 
 
 Stephen 
 
 Hereward, 
 
 BLOOMSBURY SIDE, (S) 
 HOUSES, &c. AND GARDENS. («) 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 
 &c. of, 
 to Hospital, 
 when known. 
 
 A messuage of, adjoining to the messuage of 
 Rob. le Crucer, See estate III, 
 
 His own messuage, noticed with the above, in 
 the account of the next estate, 
 
 A messuage and outhouses, garden, &c, situate 
 next his own messuage and the messuage of Hen, 
 le Calicer (Nos. I. & II.) west; and next the mes- 
 suage (No. IV.) east; and extending from the 
 king's highway (St. Giles's-street) south, towards 
 the Pitaunce croft, north. 
 
 N. B. — This was afterwards granted by le 
 Crucer to Rog. de Stowe. 
 
 A messuage and appurtenances, adjoining to the' 
 last named messuage of le Crucer, west ; and 
 lying next land and a house (No. V,) of Gerv' le 
 Lyngedrap', east ; and extending from the king's 
 highway, south, towards the hospital land (the 
 Pitaunce Croft) north. 
 
 A messuage, adjoining on the west, to the above 
 tenement of De Gervimine. 
 
 A tenement, with a garden, &c, late John 
 Hereward's (father of said Stephen,) adjoining 
 Gerv' le Lyngedrap's house, west, 
 
 N. B. — These premises were afterwards granted 
 by Juliana Hereward to Jno. de Rothinge, 
 and subsequently became the hospital's, which 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 ESTATE 
 laentioned. 
 
 granted them to Thomas de Stowe, 
 
 (♦) See the Plan of St. Giles's Parish, alluded to, 
 and which shews the relative situation, extent, nature, 
 and other particulars of the estates described in this 
 chapter, in the prefatory account before Chap. I, of 
 the History of the Parish, intituled, " General View 
 of its Antient State." 
 
 (') Bloomsbury Side," (the name by which 
 the whole northern division of St. Giles's is called 
 in the old parish books, extends from King's-gate- 
 street, Holborn, (east,) to Tottenham Court Road, 
 (west,) and includes the whole of the present parish 
 of St. George, Bloomsbury, The houses described 
 above, stood along the north side of St. Giles's High 
 Street, beginning nearly opposite the church, and 
 
 Names of 
 
 Grantors of 
 
 ) these Estates N| 
 
 to Hospital 
 
 unknown. 
 
 Rob, le Rous 
 de Gervimine, 
 
 after his 
 father's death. 
 
 Grantor to 
 Hosp. unknown. 
 
 Enfeoffed by 
 
 Adam God- 
 
 chere to John 
 
 Lambourne in 
 
 trust for 
 
 Hospital, 
 
 Dates 
 
 not with 
 
 certainty 
 
 known, but 
 
 all prior to 
 
 reign 
 Edw. III. 
 
 Edw, I, or 
 
 beginning 
 
 of reign 
 
 Edw. II, 
 
 Same, 
 
 Same. 
 
 continuing to beyond the site of Bloomsbury-square, 
 (but divided by a considerable portion of unbuilt 
 land, facing the present Drury-lane, &c.) They had, 
 all of them, gardens at their back about loo feet 
 deep, bounded north by Bloomsbury dyke or ditch, 
 (now the common sewer). They are marked, with the 
 houses on the plan, by roman figures. 
 
 (') The estates enumerated in the following list, 
 were not all in the possession of St. Giles's Hospital 
 at the dates of the respective grants wherein they are 
 mentioned, many of these being only transfers of the 
 property from one owner to another ; but they all 
 belonged to the hospital, or it became in some way 
 interested in them previously to the dissolution. 
 
64 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 NO of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 in Plan. 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of. 
 
 Before or After 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 vir. 
 
 viir. 
 
 IX. 
 
 Wm. de 
 Tottenhall. 
 
 Wm. Seman 
 Russel. 
 
 The same. 
 
 X. 
 
 XI. 
 
 Roger Cissori. 
 
 The same. 
 
 XII. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 Henr. de 
 Thurkeb)-. 
 
 The same. 
 
 BLOOMSBURY SIDE. 
 HOUSES, &c. AND GARDENS. 
 
 GRANTOES, 
 
 &c. of, 
 to Hospital, 
 when known. 
 
 A tenement of William de Tottenhall, next the > 
 tenement (No. VI.) and adjoining land granted to 
 him by William Seman Russel. — See No. 9. 
 
 A tenement of, adjoining west on the last named 
 piece of land (No. 9.) once of William Seman, 
 and to a certain wall situate next the king's high, 
 way (St. Giles's-street.) 
 
 His own tenement, garden, and land, part of 
 which latter, granted to William de Tottenhall, (•) 
 is described as "a plot of land of his curtilage, 
 extending in breadth, east and west, between his 
 tenement (i. e. his own house) and a tenement of 
 hospital ; and in length, from the king's highway 
 south, to land of said hospital north, being 1 70 
 feet long, and 118 feet broad." ) 
 
 His own tenement, adjoining east upon a tene- 
 ment granted to him by hospital, and mentioned 
 in the next Number. 
 
 A messuage and appurtenances, granted to, 
 by hospital, in consideration of 15*. situate 
 between the tenement of Henry de Thurkeby 
 (No. XII.) and the houses there erected (Nos.XIII. 
 & XIV.) on the east part, and the tenement of 
 Roger Cissori (No. X.) on the west, containing 
 breadthways, next the king's highway, shells ; and 
 extending lengthways, from the said highway 
 south, to the ditch, called Blemunde's Diche 
 north. J 
 
 A capital messuage of, adjoining west to the^ 
 messuage of Roger de Cissori (N^X 1 .) last described. 
 See next estate. 
 
 Grantors of 
 these estates 
 to Hospital 
 not mention- 
 ed ; but they 
 all formed 
 part of its 
 possessions 
 previously to 
 
 the 
 dissolution. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 ESTATE 
 mentioned. 
 
 3d Edw. I. 
 
 6th of 
 Edw. I. 
 
 1st of 
 Edw. III. 
 
 Dates 
 doubtful ; 
 but some 
 time be- 
 / tween the 
 reigns of 
 Hen. III. 
 
 and 
 Edw. III. 
 
 A tenement grantedto,by Hospital, and described 
 as, "A messuage and appurtenances, lying between 
 the King's highway, by which one goes from the 
 said Hospital towards London, on the south ; and 
 the land late of William Blemunde, on the north ; 
 and extending in length to a capital messuage of 
 the said Henry on the west." 
 
 /^ 
 
 Grantor to 
 Hospital 
 unknown. 
 
 Reign of 
 Edw. I. 
 
 S 
 
ITS ESTATES IN ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 65 
 
 N» of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 in Flan. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 & 
 16. 
 
 XV. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of. 
 
 Before or After 
 
 HosriTAi. 
 
 Rog. de 
 Leycestr'. 
 
 Wm. de 
 Halliwell. 
 
 Alicia 
 Heavihede. 
 
 Robert le 
 Criour. 
 
 Wm. de 
 
 Tottenhall. 
 
 Matild' de 
 Bright. 
 
 BLOOMSBURY SIDE. 
 HOUSES, &c. AND GARDENS. 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 
 &c. of, 
 to Hospital, 
 where known. 
 
 Land and a messuage of Roger de Leycestr' (le 
 Cordwan') adjoining east on houses (ti" XV.) of 
 Wm. de Halliwell. 
 
 Two houses granted by, to Wm.de Cancia, by the 
 description of " all that land, with the houses 
 thereon erected, and appurtenances, viz. two houses, 
 with a curtilage; which said land, houses and ap- 
 purtenances, extend lengthways from the king's 
 highway, south, to the land which was William 
 Blemontes, on the north ; and breadthways, be- 
 tween the land of Roger le Cordwan' (N" XIV. \ 
 & 16.) west, and the land of Alicia, late wife of 
 Wm. Heavihede, on the east. 
 
 N. B. The houses above mentioned were after- 
 wards granted by hospital to Hamon le Cord- 
 wan' (surnamed also Sutor,) by the descrip- 
 tion of, " one piece of our land, with the 
 houses thereon erected, and appurtenances, 
 some time Will, de Halliwell's, lying between 
 land of Robert de Sco Egidio, the hangman 
 (Carnifex) east (XVI.) and land of Roger de 
 Leycestr', west." ^ 
 
 Land, &c. of, abutting west on houses of de Hal- 
 liwell, and east on the tenement (N° XVII.) of 
 Rob' le Criour. 
 
 The tenement of, abutting west, on Heavihede's 
 (afterwards Robert de Sco Egidio's) land (N" XVI.) 
 and east, on Wm. de Tottenhall's tenement next 
 mentioned. 
 
 A tenement granted by, to John de Hadyngton, 
 by the description of, " one messuage, with its ap- 
 purtenances, situate breadthways between the tene- 
 ment of Robert le Criour, (N" XVII.) on the west, 
 and extending lengthways from the king's high- 
 way, south, towards the tenement of Gervase, (de 
 Sco Egidio) (N° XX.) on the north. 
 
 Land of, described as extending from the king's- 
 highway south, to the ditch late of William Blem- 
 mit (Blemonte,) north. 
 
 S .S ° 
 
 CO *^ *» 
 
 C8 fe 
 
 a a 
 
 o ■" 
 
 13 -^ 
 
 o o g 
 
 CS 
 
 <u 
 
 D. 
 e8 
 •M 
 O 
 
 c 
 
 VI 
 
 <V 
 O 
 
 ^ O (U 4) 
 
 IS aj <u .^ 
 
 <» x> is 
 
 *3 ... K 
 
 o S P 
 
 Z o ^ 
 
 £ c 
 
 c „ 
 ea 
 
 be 5 
 
 r^ c/j 
 
 •B o 
 o o 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 c 
 
 ^ g 
 
 Matilda de 
 Bright, 
 widow. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 ESTATE 
 nientiuned. 
 
 Oi CA 
 
 a _s 
 .^ ^ w 
 
 m -S 5 
 C8 
 
 be c 
 
 t 33 
 
 o a 
 
 •u "53 
 
 '-H 1.. 
 
 =« 2i 
 
 *^ ■*-» 
 
 o a 
 
 « S 
 
 « " 
 
 J S 
 
 « (U 
 
 o S 
 
 .1 - 
 
 CB = 
 
 S S ra 
 
 c 
 
 3 
 
 T3 
 
 U 
 
 B 
 3 
 
 4> 
 
 (U 
 
 c 
 
 6C >.' 
 
 
 _ J3 
 Cl, O 
 
 19 Edw. I. 
 
66 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 N°of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 in Plan. 
 
 XX. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of. 
 
 Before or After 
 
 HOSPITAI. 
 
 Gerv' de, 
 Sco Egidio. 
 
 Rob. Lun. 
 
 Gena de 
 Watford. 
 
 Henry Russel. 
 Matilda Resiai. 
 
 Richard Sayle. 
 Thomas Butaile, 
 
 BLOOMSBURY SIDE. 
 HOUSES, LAND, &c. 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 
 Jcc. of, 
 to Hospital, 
 where known. 
 
 Land granted to, by hospital, (see N' XVIII.) on ^ 
 which a house appears to have been built afterwards, 
 noticed in a re-grant from Hadyngton to Toltenhall, 
 of the premises, (N'XVIII.) viz: "the tenement of 
 said John de Hadyngton, situate towards the tene- 
 ment late of Gerv' de Sco Egidio, east, and the 
 tenement late of Robert le Criour, on the west, and 
 extending lengthways from the king's highway, 
 south, unto the tenement, late of said Gervase, 
 north." 
 
 The house, or mansion of, noticed in a grant of 
 Mason's croft, (N° 22.) which croft is described to 
 lie between land of Wm. Blemonte, (his garden 
 grounds) west, (k) land of Wm. de Kingesholl, 
 (N" 19.) east; and to extend lengthways to the 
 court (i. e. house) of Robert Lum, pannarius, ('°) 
 south, and to land of Hospital north. 
 
 St. Giles's Street. 
 A cottage and appurtenances, situate in the king's 
 highway, next the common spring, (juxta fontem 
 communen.) — (f) 
 
 Bloomsbury Side. 
 LAND, &c. 
 
 Land of, mentioned in a grant of Matilda de~^ 
 Resini. — See N" 2. 
 
 Land of, granted to De Cucfield and wife, by the 
 description of" that land and appurtenances which 
 she had of the gift of Richard Sayle, lying between 
 land of Seman Russel, east, and land of Henry 
 Russel, west." 
 
 Land of, adjoining the above, and noticed in the ) 
 grant of the next estate.— See N"4. 
 
 Land of, granted to Henry Faber, by the descrip- 
 tion of, " his land and appurtenances adjoining the 
 land of Richard Sayle, on the high road leading to 
 Tottenhall, and extending towards land of the 
 church." — See N" 5. 
 
 J 
 ('°) Pannarius, a seller of bread. 
 
 Grantors to 
 
 hospital 
 
 of these 
 
 estates 
 
 unknown. 
 
 Gena Wat- 
 ford, relict of 
 Hen. Wat- 
 ford. 
 
 Grantors to 
 
 hospital 
 
 of these 
 
 estates 
 
 unknown. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 
 ESTATE 
 
 mentioned. 
 
 2 Edw. II. 
 
 Reign of 
 Hen. in. 
 
 Dates 
 of these 
 grants un- 
 known, but 
 between 
 reigns of 
 Henry HI, 
 
 and 
 Edw. IH. 
 
ITS ESTATES IN ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 67 
 
 N'-of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 in Plan. 
 
 6. 
 7- 
 
 8. 
 9- 
 
 lO. 
 
 11. 
 
 12. 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of, 
 
 Before or After 
 
 HOSPITAI.. 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Rob* Brith, or 
 Bret. 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 } 
 
 Hospital. 
 Seman Russel. 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Alicia Sutor. 
 Hospital. 
 
 BLOOMSBURY SIDE. 
 LAND, &c. 
 
 Land of, called " land of the church."- 
 before-mentioned, and also N° IX. 
 
 Land of. — See N" 7. 
 
 -See the 
 
 Land of, granted to William de Cancia, by the 
 description of " their land, late Robert le Rous de 
 Gervimine's, lying lengthways between land, late 
 of Robert Brith, west, and other their land, east, 
 and breadthways, south and north, between the 
 king's highway, and the Pitaunce croft ditch. 
 
 Land of, adjoining other their land, west, late of 
 Rob' le Rous de Gervimine. — See No. 7. 
 
 Land of, granted to William de Tottenhall, by*^ 
 the description of " a plot of ground, with a cur- 
 tilage and appurtenances, containing breadthways, 
 on the south part, 21 1 feet, and on the north, 21 J 
 feet, and extending from the tenement of William 
 de Tottenhall, west, and his ozcn (Seman Russel) 
 land, east ; abutting, south, upon the highway (St. 
 Giles's High-street,) and north, upon his garden; 
 being in length, between their (Tottenhall's and 
 Russel's) tenements, 21 feet, and in breath, north / 
 and south, between said Seman Russel's garden, 
 and a certain wall, situate next the king's high- 
 way, i8 feet." 
 
 Land of, with two tenements thereon, abutting 
 north, on SemanRussel's garden grounds, (No. IX.) 
 — See No. 12.) 
 
 Land of, situate east of another piece granted by 
 her to hospital. (12.) 
 
 Land of, granted as above, by the description of 
 " land and appurtenances which she held of the fee 
 of the same hospital, situate between land of the 
 same hospital, (No. 13.) held by Alvericus, east; 
 and other land of said Alicia, west, (No. 11.) con- 
 taining in breadth on the south part, in a line even 
 with the highway, 8| ells, and the same in breadth 
 on the north part, and extending to the king's 
 highway, south, and north to the ditch parting 
 William Blemuade's land from the said hereby 
 granted land. 
 
 K 2 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 
 &c. of, 
 to Hospital, 
 where known. 
 
 Grantors to 
 y hospital of 
 / these estates 
 unknown. 
 
 Rob' le 
 
 Rous de 
 
 Gervimine. 
 
 Grantor 
 unknown. 
 
 Grantors 
 
 of these 
 
 estates to 
 
 hospital 
 
 unknown. 
 
 Alicia 
 Sutor. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 ESTATE 
 mentioned. 
 
 I Dates of 
 
 these grants 
 / unknown, but 
 \ between reigns 
 ofHen.III,and 
 Edw. III. 
 
 Reign of 
 Edw. L 
 
 Date 
 unknown. 
 
 4 Edw. U. 
 
 Date 
 unknown. 
 
 Reign of 
 Edw. L 
 
6a 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 N»of 
 
 ESTAIES 
 
 in Plan. 
 
 «3- 
 14. 
 
 15- 
 16. 
 
 17- 
 
 18. 
 
 Ip- 
 21. 
 
 22. 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of, 
 
 Before or After 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 BLOOMSBURY SIDE. 
 LAND, &c. 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 
 &c. of, 
 
 to HoSPITAI., 
 
 where known. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 
 ESTATE 
 
 mentioned. 
 
 Tyricus "1 
 Sokelyng. J 
 Rog' de Leycestr, 
 (le Cordwan'.) 
 
 Matilda Dotte. 
 
 Gerv' de 
 Sco Egidio. 
 
 Grantors 
 
 of these 
 
 estates to 
 
 hospital 
 
 unknown. 
 
 Grantor to 
 hosp. unknown. 
 
 Sir William 
 Belet, knt. 
 
 Dates 
 unknown, 
 
 but 
 
 between 
 
 reigns of 
 
 Hen. Ill, 
 
 and 
 Edw. III. 
 
 Date 
 of Grant 
 unknown. 
 
 19 Edw. I. 
 
 Alvericus. Land of, held from hospital. — See No. 12. 
 
 Iggulfo le Land of, granted to him by hospital, by the 
 
 Gargurer. description of " certain part of their land lying 
 
 between land that Tyricus Sokelyng held of them, 
 
 on the east, (15,) and other their land (the plot above 
 
 No. 13,) west, containing in length, east and west, 
 
 even with the king's highway, 28J ells, and in 
 
 length on the north or reverse end, 26J ells, and 
 
 in breadth from the highway to William Ble- 
 
 munde's ditch, 22 ells. (") 
 
 Land of, held from hospital. — 5ee above. No. 14. 
 
 Land of, adjoining the houses of William de 
 Halliwell, (XV.) ^ v^ 
 
 Land of, adjoining land, &c. of Gervase de Sco 
 Egidio, west. — (See No. 18.) 
 
 Land of, granted by hospital, by the description 
 of " one acre of their land and appurtenances, 
 which they had of the fee of the Lord William 
 Belet, ('^) lying between land of the same lord, Wil- 
 liam Belet, land of Matilda Dotte, and land of 
 Richard Maristal." — See for Gerv' de Sco Egidio's 
 house, No. XX. 
 
 Rich, de Land of, described as abutting on Mason's croft^ 
 
 Kingshull. (XXI.) west, next Blemund's land, and north on 
 
 hospital land, (20 & 2 1 .) 
 Hospital. I Two plots of land of, adjoining Kingesholl's 
 Ditto. J land and Mason's croft. — See Mason's croft. 
 Rich* le Mason's croft, granted by, to Robert Lum, 
 
 Mason, de pannarius, by the description of " that his certain 
 Feversham. croft with the appurtenances, lying between the 
 land of William Blemonte, towards the west, and 
 the land of Richard de Kingesholl, towards the 
 east, extending in length to the court of the said 
 Robert, south, and to land of said hospital, north, 
 containing J qrs. of an acre of land." ^ 
 
 (") Aboutioofeet. The ell mentioned through- (") Sir William Belet (of whom see more, Hist, 
 
 out these grants, is called, " the iron ell of our Par.) appears to have been the successor of Blemund 
 " ^°'^^ ^^^ kmg." or Blemonte, in the proprietorship of Bloomsbury 
 
 manor. 
 
 Grantors 
 to hospital ( 
 unknown. 
 
 Dates 
 
 of grants 
 
 unknown, 
 
 but as 
 
 early as 
 
 reign of 
 
 Edw. I. 
 
ITS ESTATES IN ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 69 
 
 N» of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 ia Plan. 
 
 23- 
 
 C. 
 
 and 
 
 24. 
 
 22. 
 23- 
 
 25- 
 26. 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of. 
 
 Before or After 
 
 HOSPITAU 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Herbert de 
 Redermere. 
 
 Roger Kimbe. 
 
 Ralph de 
 Sept Fontibz. 
 
 Rog' son of 
 Alan (Xtmas.) 
 
 Peter the son of 
 Richard Anime. 
 
 John Cobbe. 
 
 BLOOMSBURY SIDE, &c. 
 LAND, &c. , 
 
 Pitaunce Croft, granted by Hen. VHI to lord 
 Lisle, with the site, &.c. of the hospital, and other 
 the precincts belonging thereto, by the description 
 of " one close, lying before the great gate of the 
 same hospital, containing by estimation, sixteen 
 acres." — -See grant to lord Lisle, p. 33. 
 
 South Side. — Marshland, ^c. ( " ) 
 
 A ihessuage and appurtenances, situate in the 
 parish of the said hospital, called " Le Croshe 
 Hose." 
 
 Land of Roger Kimbe, situate adjacent to the 
 land next described. 
 
 Half an acre of land, with its appurtenances, 
 situate in the field called Merslade, held of the fee 
 of Ralph de Sept Font', viz. that half acre which 
 adjoined Herbert's (de Redemere's) land east, and 
 Roger Kimbe's land west. 
 
 A garden adjoining land of Peter, the son of 
 (Rich, and Anime) mentioned below. 
 
 Twenty-eight pence annual rent, issuing from an 
 acre of land, with its appurtenances, which was his 
 father Richard's, situate in Merslade, between the 
 king's highway and the garden of Roger, the son 
 Alan. 
 
 South Side. — Le Neivelond. 
 
 A piece of land, separating Marshland from 
 Aldewych, west, described in a grant of John Cobbe 
 to John, the son of Walian, as " all his land in 
 Aldewych, called Newelond." 
 
 Le Pole Close. — Conduit Close. — Le Lane. 
 
 See, for account of the hospital estates thus de- 
 nominated, and situate in the part of the parish now 
 describing. History of Parish. 
 
 ( ") Now called " Seven Dials." — The south side of 
 St. Giles's, extending west and east from the church 
 to beyond Lincoln's-Inn Fields, and including all 
 the ground southward to the extremities of the 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 &c. of, 
 
 to HotPITAL, 
 
 wliere known. 
 
 Probably grant- 
 ed near the 
 tinne when hos- 
 pital founded ; 
 but see more as 
 to, in History of 
 Parish, under its 
 proper head. 
 
 H. de Reder- 
 mere, sirnamed 
 " The Cook." 
 
 Roger 
 Kimbe. 
 
 Rob' le ■-' 
 Harriere 
 et Uxor. 
 
 Roger, son 
 of Alan. 
 
 Hen de 
 
 Oxonia 
 
 Pin en tar. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 
 ESTATE 
 
 mentioned. 
 
 Between 
 reigns of 
 Hen. H, 
 
 and 
 Hen. III. 
 
 21st of 
 Edw. L 
 
 Reign of 
 Edw. L 
 
 Dates of 
 of these 
 grants to 
 hospital 
 not certain- 
 ly known, 
 but all in 
 reign of 
 Edw. L 
 
 John, son of 
 Walian. 
 
 Grantors to 
 
 hospital 
 unknown. 
 
 temp. 
 Hen. HI. 
 
 Dates of 
 
 grants 
 unknown. 
 
 parish, that way, was antiently divided into different 
 portions, and differently denominated, as noticed 
 above; and for more particular accounts whereof, 
 see the succeeding History of the Parish. 
 
70 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 N'' of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 in Flan. 
 
 27. 
 
 s8. 
 
 29- 
 30. 
 
 31- 
 
 32. 
 
 33- 
 
 34. 
 
 34. 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of. 
 
 Before or After 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Dnus Henr. le 
 Cales, chaplain. 
 
 Jn' de Watynge 
 
 Wm. le "1 
 Cliandeler. J 
 Juliana de 
 Leycester. 
 
 SOUTH SIDE. 
 LAND, &c. 
 
 John de Cruce. 
 
 John de Cruce. 
 
 Roger the son of 
 Alan. 
 
 Alan Xtmasse. 
 
 John de 
 Garderoba. 
 
 South Side. — Aldewi/ch, West. 
 
 A certain plot of land, with the houses built 
 thereon, and appurtenances, in the parish of the 
 hospital, lying between the messuage of John de 
 Watynge on the east, and the hospital garden 
 west, and the king's highway leading from London 
 to Tyburn on the north. 
 
 Messuage and land of John de Watynge, men- 
 tioned above. 
 
 A messuage and premises of, described below. 
 
 A messuage and other erections, with their ap- 
 purtenances, situate between the king's highway, 
 called Aldewych on the east, and a tenement late 
 of William le Chandeler's (No. 29) west ; and 
 abutting upon a tenement of the hospital of St. 
 Giles towards the south, and north upon St. Giles's 
 street. 
 
 All that land and appurtenances, situate at the 
 corner formed by the meeting of the two streets, 
 whereof the one comes from St. Giles, and is 
 called Strata Sci Egidij, and the other goes towards 
 the Thames, and is called Aldewych, lying between 
 other the land of said John de Cruce (32) and the 
 garden of Roger, the son of Alan (33.) 
 
 Land and tenement of, abutting on the premises 
 last described. 
 
 A second garden of Roger the son of Alan, men- 
 tioned in the grant of premises. No. 31, but not 
 otherwise described. 
 
 Land held of hospital by Alan Cristemasse, abut-^ 
 ting on the garden last mentioned ; and described 
 further hereafter. 
 
 All his lands and tenements, viz. half an acre and 
 one rood of land, and five cottages with curtilages, 
 &c. situate at Aldewych, held by him of the hos- 
 pital. 
 
 GllANTORS, 
 
 &c. of, 
 to Hospital, 
 where knonrn. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 
 ESTATE 
 
 mentioned. 
 
 Grantor to 
 hosp. unknown 
 
 N 
 
 Grantor to 
 bosp. unknown. 
 
 J uliana 
 de Leycester. 
 
 Dates 
 of these 
 
 grants to 
 hospital 
 .unknown ; 
 
 but all as 
 early as 
 reign of 
 
 Hen. in. 
 
 The widow of 
 Hugh Faber. 
 
 Jn" de Cruce." 
 
 Grantor to 
 hosp. unknown. 
 
 Grantor to 
 bosp. unknown. 
 
 Jn" de Gar- 
 derobe. 
 
 Reign of 
 Hen. HI, 
 
 but in 
 what year 
 uncertain. 
 
 Reign of 
 Edw. L 
 
ITS ESTATES IN ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 71 
 
 N" of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 in Plan, 
 
 35- 
 
 36. 
 37- 
 
 38.* 
 38. 
 
 39- 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of, 
 
 Before or After 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 William 
 Xtmasse. 
 
 Jn" de Cruce. 
 
 Adam de 
 BaJdwiD. 
 
 R'le 1^ 
 Herpholder. J 
 Roger le Fol. 
 
 SOUTH SIDE. 
 LAND, &c 
 
 Wm. Heriane 
 Seeler. 
 
 South Side. — Alde'wych, East. ('*) 
 
 Land, &c. held of hospital by, described as " cer- 
 tain the hospital land, with the houses and appur- 
 tenances thereon, situate at the Cross by Alde- 
 wych," &c. 
 
 Land of John de Cruce ; further noticed below. 
 
 All his land lying between the land late of John 
 de Cruce, north, and land of Richard (le Herp- 
 holder,) south, extending breadthways towards the 
 king's highway of Aldewych, and lengthways from 
 the said king's highway unto the land of Hugh de 
 Blundi. 
 
 Land of, mentioned in the above description. 
 
 A messuage, 8cc. granted by Jacob Beaupiginne, 
 citizen of London, to Roger le Carpenter, and re- 
 granted by said Roger and wife (36 Hen. HI) to 
 Thomas de la Hale, by the description of their 
 " certain messuage and curtilage, which they held 
 of Hugh de Blundi, situate between land of Siward 
 and land late of John de Cruce breadthways, and 
 extending lengthways from the king's highway, 
 northwards, to the land of Henry Maggy, south," 
 afterwards granted by de la Hale, to le Fol, under 
 the name of " all his land, with the houses built 
 thereon, curtilage and appurtenances," &c. 
 
 A house and curtilage of, granted by William 
 Thrillam, citizen and apothecary of London, and 
 wife, by the description of "a certain house, and 
 curtilage adjoining, situate in St. Giles's parish, 
 and lying breadthways between the king's high- 
 way called Aldewych, on the west, and land of 
 John de Watynge, east." 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 
 &c. of, 
 to Hospital, 
 where kno<fO. 
 
 Grantor to 
 
 hospital 
 
 unknown. 
 
 RMe 
 Herpholder. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 
 ESTATE 
 
 iDcntioned. 
 
 Reign of 
 Edw. I. 
 
 The same. 
 
 Roger le 
 Fol. & Uxor. 
 
 >v 
 
 William 
 Heriane 
 Seeler. 
 
 ('*) The land between Drury-lane and Little 
 Queen-street, west and east, and Great Queen- 
 street and Holborn, south and north ; containing 
 Parker's-streel, Lewknor's-lane, &c. It is called 
 " Aldewych east," to distinguish it from the west 
 
 
 Reign of 
 Hen. in. 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 ^•^ 
 
 -O 
 
 a 
 S 
 u 
 
 01 
 
 js 
 
 
 C4 
 
 Si 
 
 \ 01 .» 
 
 cd I— I 
 
 en 
 
 0; 
 
 SI 
 
 a 
 X 
 
 a 
 
 bo 
 
 c 
 a 
 
 O .5 
 
 u 
 
 half of Aldewych, which lay between Seven Dials, 
 or rather King-street and Drury-lane, west and 
 east, and Castle-street and its continuation, and 
 St. Giles's High-street, south and north. See Plan. 
 
n 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 N-of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 in PJan. 
 
 40. 
 
 41. 
 
 42. 
 
 43- 
 44- 
 
 45- 
 
 e,&. 
 
 68. 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of. 
 
 Before or After 
 
 HOSPITJII.. 
 
 Gilbert le Datur, 
 
 Roger le Fol. 
 
 Roger le Fol, 
 
 afterwards Hen. 
 
 de Watford. 
 
 Hen. de 
 
 Watford. 
 
 William Spicer. 
 
 John de Beile. 
 
 Si ward. 
 
 William 
 Xtmasse. 
 
 SOUTH SIDE. 
 LAND, &e. 
 
 A curtilage granted to, by hospital, described as 
 " a certain curtilage which they have in the parish 
 of the said hospital, lying, lengthways, between the 
 king's highway (of Aldewych) and land of Roger le 
 Fol, No. 42, and breadthways, next land of Elie 
 Kuton." 
 
 Land of, the west part formerly, Elie Kuton's, 
 and noticed above. 
 
 A messuage and appurtenances of, granted to 
 Henry Watford and wife, by Roger le Fol, by the 
 description of " a messuage and appurtenances in 
 Aldewych, &c. lying breadthways between land of 
 William Spicer, south, and certain other land of 
 said Roger, north, containing in breadth, on the 
 west side next the king's highway of Aldewych, 
 and in the midst, 9I ells; and on the back part, 
 5 ells ; and in length from the said highway of 
 Aldewych to other land, east, 14^ ells." 
 
 Land granted to, by Henry Russel, to enlarge 
 the above estate (formerly Le Fol's.) 
 
 Land of, abutting on Le Fol's ground, &c. see 
 the above premises. 
 
 Land adjoining the last-mentioned ground of 
 William Spicer. 
 
 Aldewych^ East. — Holbom Side. 
 
 Land of, mentioned in the description of pre- 
 mises, (No. 68.) 
 
 Land of, mentioned in the account of premises 
 below, (No. 68.) 
 
 Premises granted by Walter Waltham and wife 
 to Henry de Thurkeby, and afterwards by him to 
 William Xtmasse, by the description of " a mes- 
 suage and land in the parish of St. Giles's, lying 
 breadthways between land of William Xtmasse, 
 west, and land late of Siward, east, bounded north 
 by Holborn, and south by the land of Henry 
 Maggy, the son of Richard, being iiSJ feet broad 
 on its north end next Holborn, and n8 at its south 
 end, and in length, from north to south, 373 feet." 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 
 &c. of, 
 to Hospital, 
 where kiionn. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 ESTATE 
 mentioned. 
 
 Grantor to ^ 
 hospital 
 unknown. 
 
 Roger le Fol. 
 
 Gena 
 Watford. 
 
 The same. 
 
 William 
 
 Grants of 
 
 all these 
 
 estates 
 
 were made 
 
 to hospital 
 
 /in reign of 
 
 Henry HI, 
 
 but in 
 what year 
 uncertain. 
 
 Grantor to 
 hosp, unknown. 
 
 Grantor to 
 husp. unknown. 
 
 William 
 Cristemasse. 
 
 y 
 
 Reigns of 
 Henry HI. 
 
 and 
 Edward I. 
 
ITS ESTATES IN ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 V3 
 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 N" of 
 
 of. 
 
 SOUTH SIDE. 
 
 &c. of. 
 
 wliere 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Before or After 
 
 
 to HOPITAL, 
 
 ESTATE 
 
 in Plan. 
 
 
 HOUSES. LAND, &c. 
 
 
 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 
 when known. 
 
 mentioned. 
 
 69. 
 
 Siward, 
 
 Land (part of the above) first of Siward, then of 
 
 William - 
 
 
 
 afterwards of 
 
 William Xtmasse, and subsequently of Paganus de 
 
 Cristemasse. 
 
 
 
 W.Xtniasse,&c. 
 
 Wriginel. — See account of the premises below. 
 
 
 
 70. 
 
 Siward. 
 
 Land of, (other part of the above). — See No. 69. 
 
 Grantor to 
 hosp. unknown. 
 
 Reigns of 
 
 71- 
 
 Paganus de 
 
 Premises of, granted by him to Geoffery le 
 
 Grantor to 
 
 Henry III, 
 * and 
 
 
 Wriginel, 
 
 Gardiner, by the description of " certain his land in 
 
 hospital 
 
 
 afterwards 
 
 the parish of the Queen's hospital, situate between 
 
 unknown. 
 
 Edward I. 
 
 
 Geoffery le 
 
 land late of Robert Lonecote, and land of the said 
 
 
 
 
 Gardiner. 
 
 Paganus, and containing in length, from the King's 
 highway towards Mag' (Henry Maggy's land,) 
 302^ feet, and in breadth, 60^ feet 2 inches." 
 
 > 
 
 
 72 
 
 Steph. de "1 
 Pistrino. J 
 
 A tenement of. — See below. 
 
 N 
 
 
 73- 
 
 Robert 
 
 _ A messuage of, (formerly Henry de Grafton's,) 
 
 Thomas de 
 
 
 
 Lonecote. 
 
 granted to Tiiomas de Stoke, described as " situate 
 breadthways, between the tenement of Steph. de 
 Pistrino, west, and the tenement of Nicholas 
 Gondibert, which was Roger Amyas's, east, and 
 extending lengthways unto the King's highway, 
 leading from London to St. Giles's, north, et ad 
 aquarium (Spencer's ditch,) south. 
 
 Stoke. 
 
 Date 
 unknown, 
 \ but before 
 reign of 
 
 74- 
 
 N icholas "1 
 Gondibert. j 
 
 The tenement of, mentioned above. 
 
 
 Edw. III. 
 
 75- 
 
 Wm. Spicer. 
 
 Land of, mentioned in the account of premises, 
 No. 80, afterwards of the hospital. 
 
 Wm. Spicer. 
 
 
 75a 
 
 
 Land of William Spicer.— See No. jj. 
 
 Grantor to 
 hosp. unknown. 
 
 
 76. 
 
 Walter 1 
 Xtmasse. J 
 
 Land of. — See below. 
 
 > 
 
 > 
 
 
 77- 
 
 The same. 
 
 Land granted to, by hospital, described as " a 
 
 Grantor to 
 
 Granted 
 to hospital 
 some time 
 during the 
 ) reign of 
 Henry III, 
 
 
 
 plot of land of their fee in the parish of St. Giles, 
 
 hospital 
 
 
 
 lying between land of John de Watynge and land 
 of W. Xtmasse (the above,) west; and abutting 
 north, upon Hoi born, and south, upon the land of 
 William Spicer." 
 
 unknown. 
 
 78. 
 
 Lawrence Celij. 
 
 Land of, situate between the premises of John 
 
 Lawrence 
 
 but the 
 
 
 
 Polton and William Garboner. — See below. 
 
 Celij. 
 
 year 
 
 h. 
 
 William 1 
 
 SwAN-ON-THE-Hop. — See Jn. Polton, 8c Ux. 
 
 
 uncertain. 
 
 
 Garboner. J 
 
 L 
 
 J 
 
 
74 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 No of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 in Plan. 
 
 79- 
 80. 
 
 81. 
 
 82. 
 83. 
 
 84. 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of. 
 
 Before ot After 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Jn" Polton, 
 &Ux. 
 
 Jn* de Watynge, 
 D 
 
 (first Jn* de 
 Foiite's.) 
 
 Wm. de 
 Tottenhall. 
 
 Wm. Percehaie. 
 Hospital. 
 
 Wan' de 
 Basingbourne. 
 
 SOUTH SIDE. 
 HOUSES, LAND, &c. 
 
 A messuage and garden granted to, by hospital, 
 described as "a messuage and garden, with their 
 appurtenances, situate next land late of Lawrence 
 Celij, and the tenement held by William Garboner, 
 east, called the Swan-on-le-Hop, and the king's 
 highway, north, and land of said hospital, south." 
 
 Land of. — See No. 77, and also below. 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 
 &c. of, 
 to Hospital, 
 when known. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 ESTATE 
 mentioned. 
 
 Grantor to ^ 
 hospital 
 unknown. 
 
 Land granted by hospital, by the description of, 
 " a plot of their land and appurtenances, which 
 John de Fonte some time held of them, lying be- 
 tween the land of said John de Watynge, west, and 
 land of Stephen del Bakehuse, east, extending 
 lengthways to the king's highway leading to Lon- 
 don on the north (Holborn,) and to other land of 
 the said John de Watynge, south." ("') 
 JV. B. — On this land a house was afterwards built, 
 and possessed by John Lerard, who by a subse- 
 quent grant released to hospital " all claim to 
 the tenement of John de Fonte, in Aldewych." 
 A curtilage (part of the above land,) granted by 
 said John de Fonte, or de la Founde, as he is some- 
 times called, situate in the parish of St. Giles, 
 lying breadthways between the tenement of William 
 Percehaie, east, and the tenement of same John de 
 Fonte, west, and extending in length to the king's 
 highway, north, and towards the mansion, 8cc. of Sir 
 Robert Cliderowe, south, containing in breadth on 
 the north end 122 feet, in the middle 6ij feet, and at 
 the south end, towards Sir R. Cliderowe's, 76 feet. 
 
 A tenement of, mentioned above. 
 Tenements and land of, noticed in the account \ 
 of premises below. — See No. 84. | 
 
 A messuage and appurtenances, granted by hos- 
 pital to John de Watynge, described as being 
 some time Wan' deBasingbournc's, and lying breatli- 
 ways between land and houses of said hospital, west, 
 and next to land late of Roysie le Bolde (Spencer,) 
 &c. east. — See estate, 85. 
 
 ) This land was held of De Watynge by De Fonte. — See 95 
 
 John Lerard. 
 
 Granted 
 lo hospital 
 some time 
 during the 
 I reign of 
 Henry HI, 
 
 but the 
 
 year 
 
 uncertain. 
 
 J 
 William ^ 
 
 de Tottenhall. 
 
 Grantors to 
 
 hospital 
 
 unknown. 
 
 De Basing- 
 bourne. 
 
 Granted 
 to hospital 
 
 in reign 
 
 > Edward \, 
 
 / but the 
 
 year 
 
 uncertain. 
 
 Reign of 
 Henry HL 
 
ITS ESTATES IN ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 75 
 
 N°of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 iu Plan. 
 
 pa- 
 
 94- 
 95- 
 
 96. 
 97- 
 
 46. 
 
 47- 
 
 48. 
 
 49- 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of, 
 
 Before or after 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 William 
 Simone. 
 
 SOUTH-EAST SIDE. 
 HOUSES, LAND, &c. 
 
 Wm. Spicer. 
 
 Jn° de Watynge 
 
 Jn" de Fonte. 
 
 Step, del 
 Bakehuse. 
 
 Sir John 
 Cliderowe. 
 
 Geoflf de 
 Hoddesdon. 
 
 John . 
 
 Geoff'' de 
 Hoddesdon. 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 A messuage and land of William Simone, granted 
 by the following deed ; viz. — Alicia, daughter of 
 Richard Simone, grants to her son William, a mes- 
 suage, situate between the land of Adam Blanyisia 
 and the land of Cateline le Chanug, and two acres, 
 one lying between the land of John de Watynge, 
 and the other between land of Cateline le Chanug 
 and Roger le Fol. 
 N.B. — This land afterwards was Henry Maggy's. 
 
 Land of St. Giles's hospital, formerly of William 
 Spicer. — See account of premises. No. 77. 
 
 Other land of, abutting on land held of him by 
 John de Fonte. 
 
 Part of the land of (held of De Watynge,) men- 
 tioned in the before-mentioned account of premises. 
 — See estate, (80.) 
 
 Land of, abutting east, on the above-mentioned 
 land of John de Fonte. 
 
 The mansion and premises of Sir John de Clide- 
 rowe, bounded east, by the hospital land. 
 
 South-east Side. — Campo de Aldewych. ('*) 
 All his land and the houses built thereon, situate 
 in Aldewych, which he bought of Marsilia, the wife 
 of Aiketun, the goldsmith, lying lengthways be- 
 tween the king's highway of Aldewych, west, and 
 land of John - 
 
 -, east, and in breadth between 
 land of William Beille, north, and John Gerneis, 
 south. 
 
 Land adjoining the land of Geoffery de Hod- 
 desdon. 
 
 A house and garden in Aldewych, bought by him 
 of Walter Hachard, and lying between land of 
 St. Giles's hospital and the king's highway (Alde- 
 wych road.) 
 
 Hospital land mentioned in the above grant. 
 
 ('«) This land, called 
 bourhood, now stands. 
 
 GRANTORS. 
 4cc. of, 
 
 to Ho SPIT AX', 
 
 when knDwnr. * 
 
 Grantors to 
 
 hospital 
 unknown. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 
 ESTATE 
 
 mentioned. 
 
 William 
 Spicer. 
 
 Jn° de 
 Watynge. 
 
 Jn' de Fonte 
 
 S.del 
 Bakehuse. 
 
 S' Jn° de 
 Cliderowe. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Reign of 
 Hen. HI, 
 
 and 
 Edw. I. 
 
 J 
 
 Geoff)- de 
 Hoddesdon. 
 
 Geoff'' de 
 Hoddesdon. 
 
 Grantor to 
 hosp. unknown. 
 
 1253« 
 
 Reigns of 
 Hen. HI, 
 
 and 
 Edw. I. 
 
 afterwards " Oldwick Close," is the same on which Wild-street and its neigh- 
 
 L 2 
 
76 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 N'of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 in Plan. 
 
 50. 
 
 51- 
 
 52. 
 
 53- 
 
 54- 
 55- 
 
 56. 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of. 
 
 Before or after 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Jn° Gerneis. 
 
 Wm. Richard, 
 et Ux. 
 
 Adam 
 
 Cementarius. 
 
 (") 
 
 William 
 Percehaie. 
 
 Thomas Osgod, 
 
 Reginald le 
 
 Tailleur. 
 
 SOUTH-EAST SIDE. 
 HOUSES. LAND, &c. 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 
 &c. of, 
 to Hospital, 
 when known. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 
 ESTATE 
 
 mentioned. 
 
 Henry del 
 Strond. 
 
 Land abutting on the house and garden of 
 GeofFery de Hoddesdon. 
 
 Certain land demised to, by the hospital, and 
 Walter Hachard, master, with its appurtenances, 
 situate in Aldewych, then late held by William 
 Delois, lying between ihe land late of William 
 Pinchelate, of the one part, and land of Anicia de 
 Aldewych, of the other part. 
 
 Land and appurtenances, situate in the way 
 called Aldewych (i.e. next the road,) in the parish 
 of the hospital, lying near to land late of Thomas 
 Osgod (No. 54,) on the south, and land of Nicholas 
 Loreng, and Henry, the son of Alexander, north, 
 and extending lengthways from the king's highway 
 of Aldewych, west, unto the land called Sprettony, 
 on the east. 
 
 Land in Aldewych, lying between his house and 
 land of St. Giles's hospital, containing 40 ells in 
 length, of the king's ell, and 1 1 ells in breadth, 
 and adjoining to other part of his land and the 
 garden that Reginald le Tailleur held of him, and 
 to the garden that the same Reginald held of St. 
 Giles's hospital, east. 
 
 Land of, mentioned in grant No. 52. 
 
 A certain garden and appurtenances of, in Alde- 
 wych, granted to Walter Waleis, and by the latter 
 given to hospital, described as situate between the 
 land of William Pearcer (Percehaie or Percy,) on 
 the one side, and land of Anicia de Aldewych, on 
 the other, containing in length, 42 ells 10 inches, 
 and in breadth, 21^ ells. 
 
 All his land in Aldewych, which he bought of 
 Laurence Frowick, with its appurtenances, and 
 free way and passage by or through an alley or 
 path, loj feet wide, leading from the king's high- 
 way (Aldewych) to such land, and which aforesaid 
 land lay between land of the same hospital, east, 
 and land of Walter Hachard and the said way, 
 west, and breadthways between land of John 
 Gerneis, north, and land of hospital, south. 
 ('^; Cementarius, or mason. 
 
 r 
 
 Grantors to ij rrf 
 
 hospital ( ■ , ' 
 
 '^ ^ and 
 
 Edw. I. 
 
 unknown. 
 
 Adam 
 Cementarius. 
 
 1253- 
 
 W.Percehaie 
 
 >v 
 
 Walter 
 Waleis. 
 
 Henry del 
 Strond. 
 
 Granted to 
 
 hospital in 
 
 the reign 
 
 of 
 
 ) Hen.nr, 
 
 but the 
 
 year 
 
 uncertain. 
 
ITS ESTATES IN ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 77 
 
 NO of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 in Plan. 
 
 57- 
 
 58. 
 
 59- 
 
 60. 
 61. 
 
 62. 
 
 65 
 
 64. 
 
 65. 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of. 
 
 Before or after 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Juliana Langari 
 
 Thomas de la 
 Hale. 
 
 Wm. le 
 Lyngedrap. 
 
 Rob' Lonecote. 
 
 Wm. Xtmasse. 
 
 Reginald 
 Spraiton. 
 
 SOUTH-EAST SIDE. 
 HOUSES, LAND, &c. 
 
 Peter, son of 
 Alan. 
 
 Tho'delaHale, 
 
 Senarius 
 Beulaco. 
 
 Reginald 
 Spraiton. 
 
 Half an acre of land and appurtenances, in the 
 parish of St. Giles without the bars of Holeburn, 
 lying between certain other their land and the land 
 of Theodosia, the son of Alan (Xtmasse,) yielding 
 an annual rent of 2 s. 
 
 Part of the croft or inclosure called La Hale, 
 which extended southwards into St. Clement's 
 parish. — See No. 63. 
 
 Land of, adjoining the enclosure or field called 
 Leyfield, of which see below. 
 
 Land of, next the above. 
 
 Garden of, abutting on the piece of land called 
 Sprettony and Leyfield. — See below. 
 
 Sprettony, or Spraitonij. — A slip of Land be- 
 tween the Campo de Aldewych and Fikattesfield, 
 so named from its owner, Reginald Spretton, or 
 Spraiton, which extended southwards into St. Cle- 
 ment's parish ; part of this land was called Leyfield, 
 and is mentioned in a grant of Senarius Beulaco to 
 John Cosyn, carpenter, as " his land and appurte- 
 nances, situate in the field called Leyfield, of the 
 fee of the nuns of (Clerkenwell,) extending east to 
 to the garden of William Xtmasse, and west to the 
 land of Robert Lonecote, and lying south, next the 
 land of Peter, the son of Alan, and north, next the 
 land of William le Lyngedrap.' 
 
 Land of, mentioned in the above grant of Beulaco, 
 as lying next to Leyfield. 
 
 Part of the croft called La Hale, lying in St. 
 Clement's parish, see No. 58. 
 
 Certain land, and a house of, of the fee of St. 
 Giles's hospital, situate at Aldewych (next Leyfield) 
 and adjoining the land of William Cristemasse, 
 north, 8lc. 
 
 Part of Sprettony, which extended into St. Cle- 
 ment's parish. See Sprettony. 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 
 &c. of, 
 to Hospital, 
 when known. 
 
 Thomas 
 Osgod. 
 
 Tho' de la 
 Hale. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 ESTATE 
 mentioned. 
 
 Granted to 
 hospital in 
 the reign of 
 Hen. 111. but 
 the year 
 uncertain. 
 
 Granted to 
 hospital in 
 the reign 
 
 Grantor to 
 hosp. unknown. )0' t.aw. 1, 
 but the 
 
 Wm. 
 Cristemasse. 
 
 J 
 
 Isabel 
 
 Spraiton, 
 
 Ux Reginald, 
 
 Peter, son 
 of Alan. 
 
 Tho' de la 
 Hale. 
 
 Unknown. 
 
 Isabella 
 Spretton. 
 
 year 
 uncertain. 
 
 Reign of 
 Henry III. 
 
 Reign of 
 Hen. III. 
 
 Reign of 
 Ed. L 
 
 Same 
 reign. 
 
 Reign of 
 Hen. IIL 
 
78 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 N'of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 in Plan. 
 
 85. 
 
 86. 
 87. 
 
 88. 
 
 89. 
 
 90. 
 
 pi- 
 
 gs. 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of, 
 
 Before or after 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Gilb' le Corsarij 
 
 Rich* the Cook, 
 &c. 
 
 Richard Pinch. 
 
 William 
 Spencer. 
 
 Robert Osgod. 
 
 Robert Paage. 
 
 Adam de Basing 
 
 SOUTH-EAST SIDE. 
 HOUSES, LAND, &c. 
 
 South-east End. 
 " Terr^jujcta Barram de Holebum." ('*) 
 
 Land of, part of " Le Spencer's Land," before 
 described as of Roysie le Bolde. — See 84. 
 
 Land of, part ditto of the above land. 
 
 Land of hospital, on which were four houses 
 (two of them shops) leased, the latter to Richard 
 the hospital cook, and one of the former, toWilliam 
 le Mower. 
 
 Land of, late Jacob Salignr's, his uncle's, after- 
 wards granted to John de Cruce, described as two 
 acres of land with their appurtenances, situate be- 
 tween land late of William Spencer, east, and 
 
 , west, and extending north and south to 
 
 Holeborn and Fikattesfeld. 
 
 Land of, adjoining the above, described as three 
 quarters of an acre of land, situate north and south, 
 between Holebum and Fikattesfeld. 
 
 Land and houses of, with their appurtenances, 
 situate without the bars of Holeburn, lying between 
 land which Robert Paage held on the east, and 
 land of William Spencer, west, and extending 
 lengthwa3's from the king's highway (Holborn,) 
 north, unto Fikattesfeld, south. 
 
 Land of, afterwards granted to hospital, and de- 
 scribed as " that their certain land, late of Robert 
 Paage, lying lengthways between land of Robert 
 Bretford (afterwards Osgod,) west, and land of said 
 hospital, east. 
 
 Land of, granted to hospital, and mentioned 
 above as adjoining the land of Robert Paage. 
 
 GRANTOKS, 
 
 &c. of, 
 to Hospital, 
 when known. 
 
 "\ 
 
 Grantor to 
 hosp. unknown. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 Roysia 
 Spencer. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 
 ESTATE 
 
 mentioned. 
 
 Wm. Spencer. 
 
 J 
 
 Granted 
 
 to hospital 
 
 in tlie 
 
 reign of 
 
 Hen. \\\. 
 
 Adam de 
 Basing. 
 
 The same. 
 
 Granted 
 
 to hospital 
 
 in 
 
 ) reigns of 
 
 Hen. HI, 
 
 and 
 Edw. L 
 
 The same. 
 
 (") The site of this land is now called Whetstone's Park, and lies between the north side of Lincoln's- 
 Inn Fields, and Holborn. 
 
ITS ESTATES IN THE VILLAGE OF ST. GILES, &c. 
 
 79 
 
 N»of 
 ESTATES 
 inPlan('9). 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of, 
 
 Before or After 
 
 IIOSPITAI.. 
 
 FIELDS OF WESTMINSTER. 
 LAND. &c. 
 
 Hen. de 
 BeJgrave. 
 
 Rich^ son of 
 Edward. 
 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 The same. 
 
 The same. 
 
 8. 
 
 Humphrey — 
 Paulinus Senex. 
 
 The same. 
 
 Hen. de 
 Belgrave. 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 &c. of, 
 
 where 
 
 to Hospital, 
 
 ESTATE 
 
 nheo known. 
 
 mentioned. 
 
 Hen. de Bel- 
 
 1 Ed. I. 
 
 grave, and re- 
 leas'd by Lucia, 
 his widow, with 
 another acre('). 
 
 
 William, son 
 
 
 of Ralph 
 
 de Sept' 
 
 Fontibus. 
 
 
 The 
 
 same. 
 
 An acre of land and appurtenances, in the fields 
 of Westminster, situate near the hospital of St. 
 Giles, next land of Richard, the son of Edward 
 Faber, granted by Walter Cliestchurch toHen.de 
 Belgrave, at 4s. per annum rent. 
 
 Land of, adjoining the above, demised to Hen. 
 de Belgrave by the description of " all that acre of 
 land, 8cc. sit in campis Westmonast' subtus hospit 
 sci Egidij, extending east to the old way (Eldes- 
 trate) at the corner of the garden of the same 
 hospital (et extendit se a vetero vico usq, corueram 
 gardinu ejusdem hospit.)" 
 
 N. B. — This land was called " Longesmale Acre." 
 
 One of two acres of land (the other called 
 Longesmale Acre,) described as lying against the 
 garden of same hospital. 
 
 All his land and garden situate lengthways be- 
 tween the land of Humphrey, on the west, and the 
 common way behind the hospital garden, east, &c. 
 
 Land of, referred to above. 
 
 Land of, described as adjoining one of the two 
 acres of Richard the son of Edward, given as above, 
 to hospital, by William the son of Ralph de Sep- 
 tem Fontibus. 
 
 Other land of, described as adjoining southwards 
 the land and garden of Richard the son of Edward, 
 No. 4. 
 
 An acre of land of, (the second,) formerly held of 
 William Frampoie of Westminster, described as 
 one acre of land, &c. in the fields of Westminster, 
 lying near the land which he lately granted to the 
 brothers, &c. of same hospital opposite Cohereshage 
 (Colmanshedge fields,) and extending towards 
 Old-street. 
 
 (") See Plan of the " Boundaries" of St. Giles's Parish, before, Chap. H. Hist. Par. as to the 
 relative situation, and other particulars of these estates. 
 
 Richard, son 
 of Edward. 
 
 Paulinus 
 Senex. 
 
 The same. 
 
 Hen. de 
 Belgrave. 
 
 Granted 
 to hospital 
 
 in the 
 f reigns of 
 Hen. m, 
 
 and 
 Edw.L 
 
80 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 N»of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 in Plan. 
 
 9- 
 lo. 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of. 
 
 Before or After 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Barth* Springoldl 
 and Hospital. J 
 
 Gerv' de 
 Sco Egidio. 
 
 V\E.STMINSTEU, MERSLADE, LANGEMERE, &c. 
 LAND, &c. 
 
 11. 
 
 B. Springold. 
 
 12. 
 
 The same. 
 
 13- 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 14. 
 
 Gerv' de 
 
 
 Sco Egidio. 
 
 15- 
 
 Joi Boti 
 
 16. 
 
 Peter Hut. 
 
 17- 
 
 Alicia Webbe, 
 
 
 and B. Springold. 
 
 i8. 
 
 Juliana Gayton. 
 
 
 Rob' de "1 
 Gervimine. J 
 
 J9- 
 
 20. 
 
 Ralph de Cruce. 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 
 &c. of, 
 
 to HOSPITAI, 
 
 when known. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 ESTATE 
 mentioned. 
 
 Campis de Westmonast'. 
 Langemere — Merslade, <§'C. 
 Land of, mentioned below. 
 
 One acre of land in Westminster, lying in the 
 field called Langemere, between land of Bartholo- 
 mew Springold and of St. Giles's hospital, west, 
 and other land of said Bartholomew Springold, 
 east, and extending from the king's highway 
 (leading to Gibbe) north, and toother land of same 
 Bartholomew, south. 
 
 Land of, described as abutting on the land of^ 
 Gervase de Sco Egidio. 
 
 Land of, described as abutting on the above \ 
 land of Gervase de Sco Egidio southwards. 
 
 Land of, see No. 1 5. 
 
 An acre of land at Langemere, lying between 
 land of Bartholomew Springold and Alicia Webbe, 
 east, and land of the same Bartholomew and Wil- 
 liam Trentemaris, west. 
 
 Land of, mentioned below. 
 
 All his land lying in the field called Langemere, 
 between land of the same hospital and the land of 
 Joi Boti, &c. 
 
 Land of, mentioned in the grant of Gervase de 
 Sco Egido, No. 14. 
 
 An acre of land lying in the fields of Westmin- 
 ster, behind the garden of the same hospital on its 
 west part, and next land of St. Giles's hospital, 
 the gift of Robert de Lyngedrap (de Gervimine). 
 
 Land of, mentioned above. 
 
 An acre and a half of arable land, held by Ralph 
 de Cruce et Ux,of M. Pente, lying in the fields of 
 Westminster, being the land granted to said Ralph, 
 &.C. by Walter, son of Nicholas de Westmonast.' 
 
 ^ 
 
 Gerv' de 
 Sco Egidio. 
 
 Grantors to 
 hospital 
 unknown. 
 
 Gerv' de 
 Sco Egidio. 
 
 
 Peter Hut. 
 
 Grantor to 
 hosp. unknown 
 
 Juliana 
 Gay ton. 
 
 { 
 
 Robt. de 
 Gervimine. 
 
 Ralph de 
 Cruce. 
 
 Granted to 
 
 hospital in 
 reigns of 
 
 Hen. Hf, 
 
 and 
 
 Edw. I, 
 
 but the 
 
 years un- 
 certain. 
 
ITS ESTATES IN VARIOUS PLACES. 
 
 81 
 
 N-of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 ill Plan. 
 
 21. 
 
 22. 
 
 23- 
 24. 
 
 25- 
 
 26. 
 
 27. 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of, 
 
 Before or After 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Peter tie 
 Hereford, and 
 Adam Basing. 
 
 Rob* de 
 Waned en de 
 Basingbourn. 
 
 Robert Burnell. 
 
 Lucia de 
 Belgrave. 
 
 Jn" Mugge, 
 
 rector of 
 
 St. Clements. 
 
 The same. 
 
 Agnes Je Waleis. 
 
 WESTMINSTER, CHERRYNG, &c. 
 LAND, &c. 
 
 Twelve marks in gross, and two shillings and 
 sixpence annual quit rent, with a cock and two 
 chickens, and all third day works in autumn, arising 
 from land late the gift of Adam de Basinge, situate 
 in the field called le Merslade, in villa de West- 
 monast'. 
 
 An acre of land, &c. situate in the fields of 
 Westminster, lying between land of Robert Bur- 
 nell, south, and land of hospital, north, &c. 
 
 Land of, mentioned above. 
 
 Three roods of land of, lying in the place called 
 Le Meryslade (Merslade) in villa de Westmonast'. 
 
 Apud Cherryng. 
 
 Land granted by, to Juliana, relict of Roger de 
 Stowe, by the description of nine acres of arable 
 land lying in the field next adjoining to the way 
 leading from Cherryng to Knyghtesbrugge, and 
 extending to the way called Spital-strete (now 
 Pall Mall,) on the south. Also, one garden in the 
 same parish (St. Margaret) next the Mews (Les 
 Mwes) walled in, containing four acres. 
 
 And one tenement, with a garden at Cherryng, ad- 
 joining a void place there, " in par See Margarete," 
 &c. And one acre lying next Aulesmore, between 
 land of the master of St. James's Hospital, and 
 land of William de Northbroke, and extending in 
 length to the acre of land of the said master of 
 St. James's hospital, south, and to the said way 
 leading from Knyghtesbrugge to the hospital of 
 St. Giles, north. 
 
 An acre of land cum sepibz etfossatis, &c, lying 
 between the king's highway which passes by, or 
 through Cherring (qui ducit apud Cherring,) and 
 abuts on the king's highway, east (now St. Mar- 
 ti n's-lane,) and on the garden of the fee of William 
 de Septem Fontibj, west. 
 
 M 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 Sic. of, 
 
 to HotPITAL, 
 
 wheii known. 
 
 Adam de 
 Basinge. 
 
 Rob' de 
 Waneden,&c. 
 
 Lucia de 
 Belgrave. 
 
 Juliana de 
 Stowe. 
 
 The same. 
 
 Agnes le 
 Walejs, 
 
 Date of Dee(i 
 
 where 
 
 ESTATE 
 
 mentioned. 
 
 Granted to 
 buspital in 
 reigns of 
 
 Hen. Ill, and 
 
 Edw. I, but 
 the years 
 
 uncertain. 
 
 3 Edw. L 
 
 1 Edw. in. 
 
 Edw. IIL 
 
 Reign of 
 Hen. HI. 
 
82 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 N°of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 in Plan. 
 
 of. 
 Before or After 
 
 HOSPITAI.. 
 
 WESTMINSTER, CHERRVNG, &c. 
 LAND, &c. 
 
 &c. of, 
 to Hospital, 
 when known. 
 
 where 
 ESTATE 
 mentioned. 
 
 
 Agnes le 
 
 Also, all that land with its appurtenances in villa 
 
 Agnes le 
 
 Reign of 
 
 
 Waleis. 
 
 de Westmonast' at Haggehegge, of the fee of 
 Wynnington, abutting upon the king's highway, 
 east, (the present St. Martin's-lane) 8cc. 
 
 Waleis. 
 
 Hen. III. 
 
 
 Jn°de 
 
 That land at Charring (apud la Gharryng,) with 
 
 John de 
 
 In or 
 
 
 Bromholm. 
 
 the houses thereupon erected, which was late Wil- 
 liam Tailefers, which land, with the said houses, lies 
 in the parish of St. Margaret, Westminster, between 
 the messuage of William Francpayne and the 
 messuage of Robert Springold. (This land is not 
 numbered on the plan.) 
 
 Bromholm. 
 
 before 
 5th Edw. I. 
 
 ESTATES IN ST. PANCRAS AND HOLBORN. 
 
 St. Pancras. 
 
 Land and appurtenances granted (reg. Ed. i) by 
 Gervase le Lyngedrap', (de poch Sci Egidij) sub- 
 ject to a yearly rent of lorf. ; held by him of John 
 the son of Walter de Totelihale, lying between 
 land of said John, north ; and abutting west, upon 
 land of the hospital, and east, upon the king's 
 highway leading from said hospital towards Tot- 
 tenhall. 
 
 An acre of land of the prebend of Tottenhall, 
 once of Wm. Dispensator, and Rich. Loreng, lying 
 between land of Tyricus Sokelyng, and Matthew 
 de Mansel, held at an annual rent of 2 s, 
 
 A quit-rent of one penny per annum, from half 
 an acre of land, once of Robert, the son of Will. 
 Dispensator, lying nearly adjoining the land of 
 Tyricus Sokelyng. 
 
 Two acres of land, once of Tyricus Sokelyng, 
 and John de Cruce, situate in the field called 
 Frowescroft. 
 
 An acre of land, with its ditches and appurte- 
 nances, granted by Agnes Attewell to her son 
 Hamon. Anno 1260. 
 
 N. B. — These estates are not numbered in the 
 accompanying plan. 
 
 St. Andrew Holbourn. — Houses, ^c. 
 
 Ade le A forge and shop of the hospital, &c. situate, Richard 19 Ed. I. 
 
 Wolmonger de breadthways, in the king's highway, leading from Young, 
 
 Bristollia, the said hospital to the Bars of Holeburn, and Canon of 
 
 (son of Ade de extending to the king's highway next Holeburn St.Paurs(*'). 
 Stanstede.) Bars aforesaid, east (i. e. to Portpole, now Gray's 
 Inn-lane), and to a tenement of said hospital on 
 the west, demised at 175. per annum rent("). 
 
 (*°) Demised by hospital to Hen. le Smythe (") The land mentioned in this and the follow- 
 de Geleton, 38 Ed. Ill, for 20 years, at 20s. per ing grants was given by Young (see pp. 6 & 10) 
 ann. rent. the houses (7 in number) were built by the hos- 
 
 pital ; see inquest as to p. 29. 
 
ITS ESTATES IN ST. ANDREW'S HOLBORN. 
 
 83 
 
 N°of 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 in Plan. 
 
 10. 
 11. 
 
 12. 
 
 13- 
 
 14. 
 
 15- 
 16. 
 
 »7- 
 
 OWNEBS 
 
 of. 
 
 Before or After 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Walter Osgod. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF 
 HOUSES, &c 
 
 John Osgod. 
 
 Geoffy de 
 Schyrington. 
 
 John Nedlere. 
 
 William 
 Northingmimes 
 
 The same. 
 
 Thomas de 1 
 Holeburn, Clk.J 
 
 The same. 
 
 Sir Wm. 
 
 Teuchet. 
 
 A tenement of. — See N° 6. 
 
 5ecN°9. 
 
 A messuage and appurtenances, lying between 
 land late of Gilbert Chibole, east, and land late 
 of Valentine, west; granted by hospital at an 
 annual rent of 2 s. in consideration of said Walter 
 assuring them " a free way and passage through 
 his land, lying next the land of Ralph Church, 
 (cum caruta &. carecta pedib^; & equibj,) as well 
 as to their land which was late Jacob Baldwin's, 
 by a certain gate there." 
 
 A messuage and appurtenances, lying breadth- 
 ways between the tenement of John Osgod, east, 
 and the tenement of John le Nedlere, west ; and 
 extending lengthways from the king's highway, 
 south, to the land of John Osgod (10), south; 
 granted by hospital, at a rent of 6 s. o^d. 
 
 The house of. — See N° 11. 
 
 A messuage and appurtenance in Holeburn, next 
 the king's highway, granted by hospital, 15 Ed. H. 
 
 N. B. The hospital afterwards (26 Ed. HI,) de- 
 mised this house to Rich'' de Bockyngh'm. 
 
 " That their other tenement," 8cc. lying between 
 the tenement of the said William de Northing- 
 mimes (13) and a certain ditch called Blose Pond, 
 granted by hospital at 4 s. rent. 
 
 A tenement of. — See N° 16. 
 
 A house, late belonging to Steph. Gladewin of 
 Kentish Town, situate between the tenement of 
 Sir Wm. Teuchet, knt. (17) west, and the tene- 
 ment of said Thomas, east. 
 
 Capital messuage of Sir Wm. Teuchet. 
 above. 
 
 -See 
 
 GBANTORS, 
 
 &c. of, 
 
 to HOSFITAI, 
 
 when known. 
 
 Richard 
 
 Young, 
 
 Canon of 
 
 St. Paul's. 
 
 The same. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 ■where 
 ESTATE 
 mentioned. 
 
 The same. 
 The same. 
 
 The same. 
 
 By Peter de 
 Holeburn. 
 
 Not granted 
 to hospital. 
 
 Ed. I. 
 
 See below. 
 
 7 Ed. n. 
 
 15 
 
 Edrli. 
 
 18 Ed. II. 
 
 M 3 
 
S4, 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Noof 
 
 ESTATES 
 
 in Plan. 
 
 OWNERS 
 
 of. 
 
 Before or After 
 
 HOSPITAT. 
 
 ST. ANDREW, HOLBORN. 
 
 • 
 
 LAND, &c. 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 
 &c. of, 
 to Hospital, 
 when known. 
 
 Date of Deed 
 
 where 
 ESTATE 
 mentioned. 
 
 18. 
 
 Gilbert de ") 
 Chibole. / 
 
 Land, S^c. 
 Land of.— See N° 9. 
 
 
 
 ip- 
 
 Walter de 
 Osgod, called 
 
 Walter de 
 Holeburn("). 
 
 Land of, a second piece, lying between the 
 land of Ralph Church, afterwards of De Senth- 
 ville (25), and William Cousin (26). 
 
 
 
 so. 
 
 John Osgod. 
 
 A piece of land and appurtenances, lying be- 
 tween the land of Walter Osgod (9), father of the 
 said John, east, and land late of Alicia Attelo- 
 sones (21), west; and abutting north upon land of 
 master John de Senthville (25), and south upon a 
 messuage of same hospital, standing next the 
 king's highway of Holeburn ; granted by hospital 
 at a yearly rent of 8 s. 
 
 Richard 
 Young. 
 
 19 Ed. I. 
 
 21. 
 
 Alicia 
 Attelosones. 
 
 Land of, (once of Valentine,) adjoining the 
 above of John Osgod. — See N" 20. 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 22. 
 
 Jacob Baldwin. 
 
 Land granted of, mentioned in deed 46. — N° 9 
 
 &23. 
 
 Jacob 
 Baldwin, 
 
 
 23- 
 
 Wm. Blemund, 
 jun. 
 
 An acre of land of, granted by him successively 
 to Adam Vyche and Roger Wythin, lying between 
 the land of Jacob, the son of Baldwin (22), east, 
 and the land of William Fulk (24), west, and 
 extending south towards the king's highway. 
 
 William 
 Blemund,jun. 
 
 Granted to 
 hospital in 
 
 reign of 
 \ Edw. I, 
 
 but the 
 
 U- 
 
 Wm. Fulk. 
 
 Land of, next Blemund's acre above. — See 23. 
 
 
 year 
 uncertain. 
 
 25- 
 
 John de 
 Senthville. 
 
 Land of, once of Ralph Church, carpenter, 
 abutting on Walter Osgod's land. — See N° 19, 
 and 9 and 10. 
 
 
 
 26. 
 
 William Cousin. 
 
 Land of, next the above. — ^ee N° 19. ('') 
 
 > 
 
 
 (") Granted afterwards by Peter de Holeburn, 
 son of Walter, to John Bukewanit, whose widow, 
 Juliana, paid hospital a rent of 3 s. out of it, 
 granted by same Peter, 
 
 C) See plan of the " Boundaries," &c. be- 
 
 fore referred to, plate II, for estates in this, and 
 St. Margaret's parish. — The next estates were 
 situate out of the limits of that plan, and are 
 therefore not numbered. 
 
ITS ESTATES IN VARIOUS PARISHES. 
 
 85 
 
 St. Andrew Holboum. 
 Land, &c. 
 
 Twenty-eight shillings annual rent, receivable 
 from two houses in this parish, and two others 
 situate in the Slrand, and in St. Sepulchre's parish, 
 given by Robert Purtepole, 47 Hen. Ill, for the 
 maintenance of an anniversary obit. — See p. 56. 
 
 Twelve-pence annual rent, arising from premises 
 in Shoe-lane, given an. 47 Hen. HI, by John de 
 Frith, in puram et perpetuam elemosinam, &c. 
 
 A yearly rent of 3 s. granted by William Gode- 
 wyne, of Hendon, 25 Edw. I, arising from land 
 held by Stephen of Honilane, situate without the 
 Bridge of Holeburn. 
 
 A rent of 16s. ^d. from land, &c. without Hole- 
 burn, situate between land of Lyece Longe and the 
 land called Fuchere's-lane, (now Gray's Inn-lane) ; 
 granted by Ralph de Berkyng and wife, reg. John. 
 
 A rent of 6s. arising from a tenement and ap- 
 purtenances situate within the Bars of Holburne, 
 between the tenement of Richard de Chigwell, 
 without the same Bars, west, and the tenement of 
 Robert (Cook), east, and another tenement of him 
 said Richard Chigwell, north, and the king's high- 
 way, south, with a shop, " juxta portam ibidem;" 
 granted by Richard de Chigwell, 25 Edw. 1. 
 
 A rent of 3s. issuing from the capital messuage 
 of William le Milward in this parish; granted 
 8 Edw. I, by William le Milward and others, exe- 
 cutors of Geoffy de Pontefract. 
 
 An annual quit rent of 6 s, arising from a certain 
 house situate in Holeburn, given 2 Edw. I to hos- 
 pital, by Gervase le Gorgurer. And a further rent 
 of -^s. afterwards given from same to same by 
 William Lincoln. 
 
 St. Clement Danes. 
 
 An acre of land, late Thomas Osgod's, situate 
 between the land of Wm. de Examine and the land 
 of Ade, the mason (cementar'), and extending 
 
 lengthways to the king's highway of Aldewych, 
 and to the croft called La Hale ; granted by Aske- 
 tanis, goldsmith, at a rent of 1 s. 2 d. 
 
 A messuage lying towards the north, on the way 
 called Aldewych; granted by John Mugge, rector 
 of St. Clement Danes, 15 Edw. II, to Juliana, relict 
 of Roger de Stowe, and by her afterwards granted 
 to hospital. 
 
 A rent of 8d. per annum, arising from a tene- 
 ment in Aldewych, which late was Robert Guerere's, 
 " su^ hydam" of the fee of the hospital, situate near 
 the ditch of the abbot and convent of Westminster. 
 
 A rent of 10s. per annum, issuing from land Ij'ing 
 before the garden of Peter, the son of Meilam, 
 " sit in pochia Sci Clementi Ecclie dacor' de ten' 
 Comitis Leyecestriae," viz. 2 s. from that part 
 thereof situate before his garden, on the west, and 
 which he held of Walter Blundis, and 8 s. rent 
 from the land and messuage of Edwin Bolongari, 
 to which messuage the remainder of the garden of 
 him the said Peter belongs, and which messuage 
 adjoined the messuage of said Walter Blundis; 
 granted by said Peter about 1150, and noticed in 
 cart. Hen. II. — See p. 6. 
 
 Land and appurtenances, late of Walter, the son 
 of Cecely, of the fee of said hospital, lying in the 
 field called Aldewych, and extending lengthways 
 upon land of Isabel Spretton, next the field called 
 Ficettefeld, towards the east, and upon the king's 
 highway, west, and breadthways between land of 
 same hospital, north, and the land of Hugh Clerk, 
 of St. Clements, south; together with 22 rf. annual 
 rent, arising from the messuage of Wm. Cesthurst, 
 &c. granted by Martin Ixlebrot, subject to the 
 yearly acknowledgment of a clove for all services. 
 
 Marginal note in the original manuscript. 
 " This is now called Forfue Gardeyn, qd nota 
 bene pro Henrico Holford et Henrico Drury 
 Milile."— (See 29 on Plan.) 
 
 A rent-charge of 30s. per annum, arising from 
 certain premises in this parish, awarded to be paid 
 
 by 
 
86 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 by William Walsh, goldsmith, with ail arrears then 
 due to hospital, 42 Edvv. Ill, in a suit between said 
 Wm. Walsh and Geoffry, master of hospital. 
 Marginal note in original manuscript. 
 " Rent-service of 30J. payable to the hosp. 
 issuing out of a messuage, three gardins, and 
 eigiit acres of land, in the p ishe of St. Cle- 
 ment Danes, qd nota bene for Sir Henry 
 Drurye." 
 2i. B. — This was again further assured to hospital 
 in another suit, 32 Hen. VI. 
 
 St. Mary-le-Strand. 
 
 A rent of 3 s. per annum, arising from a messuage 
 and two shops, situate between the garden of the 
 Lord Abbot of Westminster, on the north, and the 
 king's highway, on the south, and west and east 
 between two other tenements; granted by Ralph 
 de Certeseye, 19 Edw. II. 
 
 St. Dunstan West. 
 
 Certain land in this parish, given by William, 
 the son of Osmund, and a rent-charge of i s. 8d. per 
 annum, given by Absolom Cocus and wife, arising 
 from certain their land of the fee of St. Giles's hos- 
 pital, situate towards the New Temple. 
 
 Land, and a house thereon, situate over against 
 the New Temple, given by William de Crantfelde, 
 reg.Edw.I, granted by hospital to Simon de Berkyng 
 and wife, at a yearly rent of £. 1 and 12 c?. 
 
 Land, and an edifice thereon, situate in this 
 parish, granted by hospital to H anion de Cogge- 
 shall, at 5 s. per annum rent. 
 
 N. B. — These premises were afterwards assured 
 to hospital in a suit before Judge Parwyng, 
 &c. 40 Edw. III. 
 
 St. Bride's Fleet-street. 
 
 A free tenement, mentioned in pleas 50 Edw. Ill, 
 to have been held by hospital lime out of mind, at 
 an annual rent of 6s. 
 
 A capital messuage, with the gate and portico 
 thereto, and also two messuages adjoining the same, 
 
 and a garden there; granted 13 king John,by Edmund 
 de la Jaioeler to Walter le Taillerij, subject to ayearly 
 payment to hospital of 10s. 
 
 Hospital land, situate towards Fleet Bridge ; 
 granted by the master, &c. to Alexander Benbeller, 
 at a yearly rent of 8 s. 6 d. 
 
 Land and a house in Fleet-street, late of William 
 Hostiarij, adjoining land there of same hospital, held 
 by the nuns of Clerkenwell, at a yearly rent of 20s. 
 
 Ground and edifices thereon, granted by hospital 
 to John le Uggelar, an. 1283, situate in Sho-lane, 
 and abutting north on the house of Henry de Lacy, 
 earl of Lincoln, at a yearly rent of 18 s. 
 
 Threey early rent charges of 185. 1 1 s. 4J. and 6 s. 
 issuing from two tenements and lands in Fleet-street. 
 
 Land with houses built thereon, granted by Osbert 
 deNorlhbroke, situate in the lane called Sho-lane in 
 Fleet-street, in the way leading towards Flete, at 
 Smalebregge, subject to an annual payment of 20J. 
 
 An annual rent of 4 s. granted by William Ruffi, 
 fishmonger, issuing from his premises in Fleet-street, 
 subject to an annual payment by hospital to the 
 Fleet gaol, of 2 s. 
 
 St. Martin Ludgate. 
 
 Various pieces of land, viz. — A plot granted by 
 Alured de Wantham, 31 Hen. HI, situate between 
 the gate of Ludgate and the gate of St. Paul's, de- 
 mised to John de Sancto Paulo, at6«. per ann.rent. 
 A plot demised to Gervase Pinentar, at a rent of 5 s. 
 situate between the walls of London and the land of 
 William le Plummer ; and a second piece near it, 
 demised to same, at 6s. per ann. rent. 
 
 A quit rent of 40 d. per ann. given by Thomas 
 Pinentar, 32 Hen. HI, issuing from land without the 
 gate of Ludgate, situate between the land of Sir 
 Robert Passelewe and the land of Laurence del Brot. 
 
 A quit rent of 12 s. 8d. per ann. given by Reginald 
 Capell, 32 Hen. Ill, payable by St. Bartholomew's 
 hospital, issuing from land and appurtenances lying 
 next the land of Richard de Gresham. 
 
 A plot 
 
ITS ESTATES IN VARIOUS PARISHES. 
 
 87 
 
 A plot of ground, granted by hospital to Ric.de 
 Gloucester, at a yearly rent of 5 s. lying between 
 land which Ric. de Baillie gave to the church of 
 St. Paul, and other land which he gave to St. Bar- 
 tholomew's hospital ; and a second adjoining piece, 
 granted to Augustus de Redinges. 
 
 St. Nicholas Westmacer. 
 
 Stalls and shops, viz. — 
 
 A stall or standing, granted by Robert Carnifex, 
 38 Hen. Ill, situate between the stall of William de 
 Berkenden, and the stall of Reginald Lonesund. 
 N.B. This stall the hospital afterwards let to 
 William le Paage, at a yearly rent of 6s. 
 
 A shop, granted by Godwin Morpe to John 
 Motur, 40 Hen. HI, and by his widow to hospital, 
 situate near the last mentioned stall or shop of Wil- 
 liam Page, in the shambles, or flesh market. 
 
 Two shops, adjoining William le Page's, granted 
 by Godwin Morpe, subject to a rent of 1 d. and two 
 stalls in West Cheape, granted by hospital to Hugh 
 Tanitori de Fossata, at a rent of 3s. %d. — These 
 shops first mentioned, were again granted, an. 1271, 
 by hospital to Walter Bercurj, at a yearly rent of 
 •16 s. by the description of " all their piece of ground 
 and certain shops thereon, situate near the shop of 
 Walter le Page." 
 
 Three quit rents of 4s. 6 s. and 2 s. given by 
 Hamon de Wrockeshall, arising from the shops of 
 John King and Agnes de Horton, situate in the 
 shambles, or market, and from his messuage in 
 St. Sepulchre's parish. 
 
 St. Michael ad Bladum. 
 
 A quit rent of 6s. per ann. payable from a house 
 in this parish. 
 
 St. Augustine at the Gate. 
 
 A rent of 6s. given by Roger de Blemonte, an. 
 1 187, issuing from land held by Ralph de Cestreford, 
 situate near St. Augustine's church. 
 
 St. Vedast. 
 
 Land granted, 10 king John, by Nicholas de 
 Ponte, subject to an annual quit rent of 2 s. An 
 annual rent of 12 J. given 39 Hen. HI, by Ric. de 
 Epina, issuing from premises adjoining the house of 
 Eli the jew ; and the rents of certain lands, late of 
 William Chep, in Aurifabro (Goldsmiths-row,) in 
 this parish, subject to a quit rent of 5s. for all 
 services. 
 
 St. Peter in Cliepe, and St. Benet 
 Paul's Wharf. 
 
 A rent of 5 s. granted by Joseph de Reynham, 
 19 Ed. I, issuing from a tenement in the parish of 
 St. Peter de Wode-street. 
 
 A messuage and appurtenances in same parish, 
 granted to Hugh de Yspania, at 20 s. rent, situate 
 next land of the abbot of Redding. 
 
 Land in the parish of St. Benet, Wode Wharf, 
 granted to Simon Belende, 15 Ed. I, atayearly rent 
 of 14s. 
 
 St. Gregory at PauVs. 
 
 A rent of 4s. granted reg' Hen. HI, by Adam Scot, 
 issuing from one of two houses of St. Giles's 
 hospital, situate in this parish. 
 
 Two rent charges of gs. and 4s. issuing from land 
 and houses, situate in same parish. 
 
 St. Peter Parva. 
 
 A yearly rent charge of 3 s. bequeathed by the 
 will of Roger de St. Martin, issuing from premises 
 in this parish. 
 
 St. Olave Mugivell-street. 
 
 Land and buildings thereon, granted 7 Hen. Ill, 
 to Edward Penchiner, at a rent of 12 s. and other 
 land granted to Benedict, the son of Hugh, at a like 
 rent. 
 
 A quit rent of las. granted 4 Ed. I, by master 
 John Trillaw, clerk, issuing from premises situate in 
 this parish. 
 
 St. Alphage 
 
88 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 St. Alphage Crepulgate. 
 
 A quit rent of 7s. granted by John Blundis, gold- 
 smith, issuing from his capital messuage and ground 
 in this parish. 
 
 St. Mary Aldermanbury . 
 
 Land in Aldermanbury, granted to William Fru- 
 tuario, at a rent of 2 s. per ann. 
 
 St. Mary de Arcubz. 
 
 A quit rent of 20s. granted to William Bocuinte, 
 issuing from certain premises in West Chepe, ad- 
 joining land of the canons of Southwarke. 
 
 Land situate in Foro London, granted by Richard 
 Pictor, suiijecl to a yearly payment of 20«. 
 
 St. Mary Somerset. 
 
 A rent charge of 12 s. granted 11th Ed. I, by 
 John ie Meyrener, arising from certain cellars, and 
 an adjoining plot of ground, abutting north towards 
 the king's highway of Temestrate (Thames-street.) 
 
 A cellar and an adjoining piece of ground (proba- 
 bly part of the above,) granted to Baldwin le Mey- 
 roner, at a rent of i2s. situate in Tymberheth (High 
 Timber-street.) 
 
 St. Margaret Friday -street. 
 
 A messuage and appurtenances, situate " in par 
 See Margarete apud Fridai-strete," lying between 
 the messuage of Bartholomew Cissoris, and the 
 house of Thomas de Basinges, and extending in 
 depth to the king's highway of Friday-street; granted 
 32 Hen. in, to Simon de Poppeworth, at a yearly 
 rent of 13 s. 4 1?. 
 
 A house and appurtenances, granted 28 Hen. Ill, 
 by Sara, the relict of Walter, the son of Raymond, 
 situate between the land of Nicholas Cissoris, north, 
 apd the land of John Burgoin, south, held subject to 
 an annual payment of 16 s. 
 
 St. Nicholas Olave. 
 
 An annual rent charge of 3s. ^d. granted 6 Ed. I, 
 by Steplien de Kent, issuing from certain his land 
 situate in this parish. 
 
 St. Martin Pomar'. 
 
 An annual rent of 6s. 4d. issuing from certain 
 tenements in this parish, granted by hospital to John 
 de Gisors. 
 
 St. Mildred Bread-street. 
 
 A rent charge of half a mark, granted by Thomas 
 de Hav'^hull, issuing from land situate in this 
 parish. 
 
 St. Mary Aldermanchirche. 
 
 A house in this parish, and three annual rent 
 charges of 14 s. 13 s. and 13 s. 
 
 St. Nicholas Cole Abbey. 
 
 A yearly rent charge of is. 6d. from premises in 
 this parish, assured to hospital, 9 Ed. III. 
 
 A rent of i2d. released to hospital 8 Hen, III, by 
 Winar, daughter of Richard Ekinth, arising from 
 her land " in par Sci Niclii de Fysshestrete," lying 
 between the land of Walter Blundis and land of the 
 prior of the Holy Trinity. 
 
 Certain land, the gift of Ralph Mintor, situate in 
 Distave-lane, granted by hospital to their " beloved 
 brother Walter Bruno," subject to a payment yearly 
 of 4s. to hospital, and of 4d. to the clerk of said 
 infirm, and to their servant of 2 d. 
 
 A rent of 7*. per ann. granted by Ralph, son of 
 Richard de Berkyng, from premises of said Ralph, 
 situate in Distave-lane. 
 
 A rent of 28 s. per ann. reserved on certain land of 
 Richard, son of Gilbert le Bachelor, abutting east 
 on St. Nicholas church, granted 18 Hen. III. 
 
 A rent of 9s. per ann. granted by Margaret, 
 daughter of Hugh de Rupel, 19 Hen. Ill, arising 
 from land and houses in Distave-lane, given by her 
 to Waltham Abbey. 
 
 St. Michael 
 
ITS ESTATES IN VARIOUS PARISHES. 
 
 89 
 
 Si. Micfmel Queen's Wharf. 
 
 A tenement, described as situate " in poch Sci 
 Michis ad Ripam Reginae," of the gift of William 
 de Hadstoke, abutting southwards upon the king's 
 highway, and westward upon a certain lane of him 
 the king, 8cc. granted 14 Ed. 1, to John de Hnnde- 
 ford, citizen of London, at 62 s. sterling rent. (**) 
 
 An annual rent of 4 s. granted by William West- 
 mell, from his tenement in this parish, towards 
 keeping his anniversary obit. 
 
 Land granted by William, the son of Alicia, the 
 late wife of Walter Turkc, 8 king John, subject to a 
 quit rent of 85. per ann. to Wesminster Abbey. 
 
 A shop granted to Adam, the son of Wlfrica, at 
 6 s. per ann. rent. 
 
 A plot of land, held by William de Staplehurst, 
 and by him granted to Parisio, the son of Robert 
 Akerman, situate upon the Queen's Hyde (Hythe.) 
 
 A rent charge of 20s. granted reg, Ed. Ill, by 
 Nicholas Madreman. 
 
 A quit rent of 2d. arising from premises in this 
 parish, given by Richard, son of William de 
 Hadstoke. 
 
 St. James Garlich-hill. 
 
 Land and rents arising therefrom, bought of 
 Henry de Waltham, formerly of Walter Faber. 
 
 St. Mary Conigshope. 
 
 Land in Coningshope, which Richard Faber lately 
 held of hospital, adjoining other land also held of 
 them by William Conegehope, granted to Walter 
 de Hallislede (Ferron) at a yearly rent of 37 s. 
 
 A yearly rent of 2 d. given by Richard, son of 
 William de Conewehop, arising from a house in this 
 parish. 
 
 (*♦) In the grant to hospital, 4 Ed. I, it is more 
 exitu de la Queneheth," and abutting east upon the 
 {loly Trinity. 
 
 St. Lawrence Jewry. 
 An annual quit rent of 8«. given by Peter Gabon, 
 arising from land situate between land late of 
 Godard of Antioch, and the land of Benelke the jew. 
 
 St. Margaret Lothbury. 
 
 A rent of 1 2 d. issuing from certain land and houses 
 in Lothbury, which they released, 19 Hen. Ill, to 
 Beatrice the daughter of Godard. 
 
 St. Benet Sherhog. 
 
 Land and houses granted by the hospital to John, 
 the son of Walcheri Mazelinari, at 40s. yearly rent. 
 
 St. Augustine Pappy. 
 A quit rent of 5 s. per ann. arising from land held 
 by Thomas the carpenter, within Bishopsgate, given 
 by Henry, the son of Ailwin, of London, towards 
 keeping his anniversary obit. 
 
 St. Anne's. 
 An annual rent charge of 4«. receivable of the fee 
 of Geoffery Forwick, in this parish, towards keeping 
 the anniversary obit of Robert, the son of Alic'. 
 
 St. Anthony Threadneedle-street, 
 
 Land, and edifices thereon, given by Roger de 
 Sco Antonio, situate in this parish, towards main- 
 taining a subdeacon in St. Giles's church, and for 
 other religious purposes. 
 
 St. Martin in the Vintry. 
 
 A messuage, late of Robert Durant, leased at a 
 yearly rent of 6 s. 8rf. 
 
 Two marks yearly rent, bought of Matilda, the 
 daughter of Ralph, the brother of Coce the vintner, 
 arising from land " in pocftia Sci Martini Bare- 
 mannechurch," which Richard Burstal held of the 
 the said Ralph, her father, &c. 
 
 Half a mark quit rent, arising from land in this 
 parish, given by Simon Blundell. 
 
 St. Thomas 
 
 particularly described as situate " us vno loco ante 
 lane leading from Queneheth to the church of the 
 
 N 
 
90 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 St. Thomas Apostle. 
 
 An annual rent of 8 s. granted 3d Edw. II, arising 
 from a tenement late of John of Northampton. 
 
 St. Martin Outwich. 
 
 Land situate " in parochia Sci Martini de Otes- 
 wych," lying between the land of Martin Pistor and 
 Baldwin Badding, granted to John Beghi, subject 
 to a yearly rent of lod. 
 
 A rent charge of 3s. 4d. receivable from land and 
 premises in this parish, sold to William Maberly, 
 3d Edw. II; and another rent of 6s. 8d. sold to 
 John de Northampton, 11th Edw. Ill, arising from 
 two tenements which he held, subject to such rent 
 charge. 
 
 A rent charge of 8 s. per ann. bought of Thomas 
 Ruffus Pinentar, issuing from land which Henry 
 Pistor held of him, situate in this parish, between 
 the land of Roger, the son of Alan, and the land of 
 Clement P'sbyter. 
 
 St. Bartholomew the Less. 
 
 A plot of land and appurtenances, lying opposite 
 St. Bartholomew's church, abutting upon the king's 
 highway, north, and the land of John Bonavente, 
 south, granted to Thomas de Sibelling, citizen and 
 mercer of London, for 12 s. per annum rent, 41 
 Hen. III. 
 
 A rent of 6s. per ann. from premises of John de 
 Suffolk, carpenter, in this parish, conveyed to him 
 by Ralph de Coventre, " rector Sci Barthei Pui." 
 
 All Saints Hey Wharfe. 
 
 A rent of 10s. per ann. granted by Rosia de 
 Blemonte and William Blemonte her son, arising 
 from land situate in this parish, towards keeping the 
 anniversary obit of William Blemonte, her late hus- 
 band; 8cc. 
 
 St. Christopher. 
 
 A quit rent of 2 s. arising from land in this parish, 
 late of William, the monk (Nup' Willi monachi,) 
 granted by William de Suba. 
 
 St. Magnus London Bridge. 
 
 A capital messuage of Nicholas Maunsel, situate 
 in " Vico Pontis London," in the ward of Williani 
 Willkin, alderman ; with four shops standing towards 
 the highway, and all the ground behind them, 
 &c. granted by said Nicholas, subject to a yearly 
 payment to the monks of Redding, of 6 s. and of 6 s. 
 to the nuns of Godstowe. 
 
 And a rent charge of 20s. per ann. from premises 
 " in par Sci Bened' Sherhog in Warda de Foro," 
 subject to an outgoing of 4od. per ann. to the monks 
 of Bermondsey. 
 
 A rent charge of 12 s. per ann. from land "in 
 pochia Sci Antonij," subject to an annual payment 
 of 6 s. to Martin, the son of William. 
 
 Also, a yearly rent of I2s. 6rf. held by the monks 
 of St. Saviour's hospital, yielding annually to said 
 monks " Duos Basinos 8f unam libram pipis," all 
 granted by the above named Nicholas Maunsel. 
 
 An interest in certain houses, shops and cellars, 
 situate in this parish, which the master of St. Giles's 
 hospital, and the heads of several other religious 
 houses, released to Juliana, widow of Geoffery le 
 Verhyrd, in consideration of 40s. per ann. to be 
 divided among them in such proportions as in grant 
 specified. 
 
 Certain land, with a house and sollar, adjoining the 
 land late of Nicholas Turk, and containing in front, 
 toAvards the bridgeway, 3I ells, &,c. granted to Law- 
 rence Pistor, at a yearly rent of 14s.; and a shop 
 adjoining the above, and similarly described, de- 
 mised to William Nigro, fishmonger, at a yearly 
 rent of I2s. 
 
 St. Margaret Pontis. 
 
 Houses and land, which Robert de Stabulo gave, 
 situate in the parish of St, Margaret in Vico Pontis, 
 next the land of Ralph de Comhull, granted to the 
 church and canons of St. Giles of Cathal, at 4 marks 
 per ann. 
 
 A rent of 10 s. issuing from premises situate in 
 Vico Pontis (Bridge-street,) and 8s. yd. yearlj^rent, 
 granted by Adam de Basinge, in exchange for land 
 
 of 
 
ITS ESTATES IN VARIOUS PARISHES. 
 
 91 
 
 of hospital in St. Giles's parish, lying between the 
 land of Robert Osgod and William Dispensator. 
 
 St. Leonard Eastcheap. 
 A quitrent of 4«. issuing from land and houses held 
 of hospital by Walter Aleman, situate "in pocfeia 
 Sci Leonardi de Estchepe," abutting on land of the 
 nuns of Kilburne and AUsman-lane, granted by 
 Gilbert of St. Faith's, and Alicia Maubane, his wife. 
 
 Land at Estchepe, lying between land that John 
 Palmere, butcher, held, and other land of Robert 
 Longe, butcher, granted by Stephen, the son of 
 Thomas, the son of Nicholas, at a yearly rent of 2 s. 
 
 St. Benet Grasschurch. 
 
 Land, with the houses thereon and appurtenances, 
 granted b}' Sibilla, daughter of William de Ponte, 
 relict of Gilbert de Champeneis, subject to an annual 
 payment to the prior of Sandon, of 2 marks. 
 
 St. Andrew Hubard. 
 
 A tenement of Herbert de Wynton, released, with 
 the arrearages of rent, to Simon de Wygornia, 46 
 Hen. HI, subject to ayearly payment for ever of 6s. 
 
 St. Dunstan East. 
 
 A rent of 7*. per annum, granted by Hereman 
 Theutonicus, issuing from a certain messuage, with 
 its sollars and cellars, and certain gutters appertain- 
 ing to same messuage, and running under the ground 
 it was built upon, with way and passage to the 
 water of Thames, said messuage lying between a 
 tenement of the fee of St. Thomas the Martyr of 
 Southwark, and the tenement of William Corner. 
 
 St. Olave next the Tower. 
 
 Land, the gift of Alexander le Tyler and Agnes 
 his wife, abutting west upon the land of Stephen de 
 Cantia, and east towards the lane called Foule-lane, 
 and containing lengthways towards the king's high- 
 way, called Olof Strate, on the south, 28 ells and 
 two inches towards the garden of John le Baus, 
 called Blone Appleton, on the north, granted to 
 Robert le Hurer, at a yearly rent of lod. 
 
 St. Dionisius Backchurch. 
 
 A rent of 7 s. 6d. from land held by Osbert Capis, 
 " in poch ecclie Sci Dionsij que vocatur Bake- 
 chirch," bought of Richard le Bel, yielding to 
 Roger de Turri 4s. 6 d. per annum, 
 
 St. Martin Orgar. 
 
 Land of the gift of Hugh Juvenis, granted to 
 Aldrico M'^is, at a quit-rent of 18*. per annum. 
 
 St. Giles Cripplegate. 
 
 A rent-charge of 6s. arising from land, with the 
 houses and appurtenances thereto belonging, which 
 Thomas Blundis (Tannator) held in fee in the 
 suburbs of London, at the Red Cross, in the parish 
 of St. Giles, " in coinerie vici sicut it' v'sus le 
 Beche," granted by Editha de Marsham, anno 38 
 of Hen. in. 
 
 St. Botolph Aldersgate. 
 
 A rent-charge of 2 s. issuing from land, &c. lying 
 on the east part of the church of St. Botolph, 
 against the way going to St. Bartholomew's, and 
 west between land of Eustachius de Edelmethon, 
 and houses and land which Arnulph Vilhakker 
 smith, held, granted by said Eustachius, &c. 
 
 A rent-charge of 6s. from certain ground and 
 houses thereon built, lying between land of John 
 de Wenburne, south, and land which he held of 
 the hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, north, granted 
 by Simon Hakepetit. 
 
 Land abutting east on the way of Aldersgate, 
 and north on the land of Ralph Speciar, &c.; 
 granted " to Michaelis de Sea Elena de London," 
 goldsmith, at an annual rent of 4s. 
 
 Land which Richard Carpenter held, situate in 
 Breton Str'te, in this parish, lying next other land 
 of hospital, held by Gilbert' Monetarius, granted to 
 Walter Molendin', at 4*. per annum rent. 
 
 A quit-rent of 4s. yearly, payable by St. Bartho- 
 lomew's hospital, issuing from a tenement in the 
 parishes of St. Botolph without Aldresgate, and 
 
 St. Bridget 
 
 N 3 
 
I 
 
 92 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 St. Bridget the Virgin in Fleet Strete, to which 
 St. Giles's hospital released all claim and arrearages, 
 9 Edw. II. 
 
 A tenement, situate without Aldrichesgate, in the 
 parish of St. Botolph, in the suburbs of London, 
 called theTaborer'in, demised to William de Thame, 
 87th Edw. Ill, at a rent of 6s. 8d. per annum. 
 
 A messuage and appurtenances, the gift of Elene 
 de Deserto, lying between the land of Aniulph le 
 Vilehakere and the land of Eustachius, granted to 
 Adam de Basinge, together with a rent of 4s. yearly, 
 issuing from a certain other tenement in the parish 
 of St. Anne's. 
 
 A rent of 1 2 d. issuing from a tenement in the 
 parish of St. Botolph Aldersgate, the west end of 
 which abutted upon the king's highway, and the 
 east end thereof upon the Jews Garden (sup' Gar- 
 dinu Judeor'), granted by William Milksoppe 
 (Alutar). 
 
 St. Sepulchre Exf Newgate. 
 
 Land and a tenement, situate in the parish of 
 St. Sepulchre, without the Bars of Smithfield, 
 granted by Nicholas Chartel and wife, " in puram 
 et perpetuam elemosinam." 
 
 Lands and tenements, bequeathed by the will of 
 Sir William de Langelee, and the rents, &c. thence 
 issuing ; as also the rent of a void place or parcel 
 of ground, late of John de la Feyte ; and also the 
 
 rent of another tenement, situate without Newgate, 
 next to the Great Gate, released anno 15 Edw. Ill, 
 to the Abbot and Convent of Leycester. 
 
 Land granted to Edward Coni, situate in this 
 parish. 
 
 Tybume. 
 
 A croft and appurtenances, lying and being at 
 Tyburne, in the county of Middlesex, granted 
 28 Edw. Ill, to Simon Herny and wife. 
 
 Westbume. 
 
 A rent of , issuing from a messuage, houses 
 
 and gardens, &c. granted reg. Edw. I, by William 
 Chabham . 
 
 Edmonton. 
 
 Four acres of land and appurtenances, situate in 
 Edelmeton, in the county of Middlesex, and lying 
 between land late of Richard Isonde, on the east 
 part, and the land of Walter le Bonde of Totten- 
 ham, on the west ; and one end or front whereof 
 abutted upon the way leading from Heybourne to 
 Dettestile, on the south part; and the other, or 
 north end, upon premises described in deed ; 
 granted by William de Demeford, at a yearly rent 
 of 6s. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. 
 
 93 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS, 
 
 CONNECTED WITH 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 The following recapitulation is intended merely to assist the memory, by 
 displaying at one view, the most remarkable occurrences in the history of the 
 Foundation, treated of in the preceeding account ; with the repective dates 
 when they took place, in order to facilitate any references which may be 
 required. 
 
 Anno 1101, i" of Henry the First. 
 
 Queen Matilda, wife of king Henby I, 
 
 founds an hospital for lepers, over-against the west suburb of 
 
 London, and dedicates the same to Saint Giles. 
 
 Between iioi and 1166. 
 The first private donations given to the 
 hospital after its foundation, viz. — The church 
 of Feltham, by the countess Hawisia de 
 Rumara; pensions at Isle worth, by Bernard 
 de Walerico; land at the bars, given by 
 Richard Young, canon of St. Paul's ; and six 
 acres of land (part situate in St. Giles's 
 parish) the gift of William Pincerna, and 
 Geoffery, the son of Fredescend; and 10s. 
 annuul rent from St. Clement Danes parish. 
 
 Anno 1166. 
 Second Foundation by king Hen. II, 
 and additional endowment. Confirmation 
 of queen Matilda's charter. 
 
 Anno 1186. 
 CoTTEREL Garden, an estate in Saint 
 Giles's parish, confirmed by the warden and 
 procurator of the hospital, to the prior and 
 brethren of St. John of Jerusalem, on pay- 
 ment to the former of a yearly rent of 9 s. 
 
 Anno 1199. Table ot 
 
 The general interdict, pronounced for this Events, 
 district by William de Sancta Maria; when 
 the hospital deprived of part of its privileges, 
 in common with other foundations, and the 
 services of its church in part suspended. 
 
 Anno 1212. 
 The first instance occurs of the superior 
 of the hospital being called master; before 
 this time he is only denominated chaplain of 
 the hospital. 
 
 Anno 1222. 
 The gift of the church of Feltham con- 
 firmed to the hospital by Eustace de Falcon- 
 berg, bishop of Loudon. 
 
 Anno 1240. 
 
 Pope Alexander IV confirms by bull 
 
 the foundation endowment, of Matilda, the 
 
 second endowment of Henry II, and all 
 
 intermediate and subsequent grants; and 
 
 constituting 
 
94 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Table of 
 Events. 
 
 constituting it a religious community, takes 
 the hospital under the especial protection of 
 the Roman see. 
 
 Anno 1296. 
 The affeirs of the hospital having become 
 considerably embarrassed, in consequence 
 of the nonpayment of rents due from its 
 estates in the city, Edward I commands, 
 by his precept, the mayor and sheriffs of 
 London to assist in recovering the same. 
 N. B. Between this last date and the pre- 
 ceding one, viz. 1262 and 1294, nume- 
 rous grants appear to have been made 
 to the hospital, not only in London but 
 the neighbouring parishes; so that this 
 seems to have been the era when it most 
 flourished. See Chap. IV. 
 
 Anno 1303. 
 In consequence of various quarrels and 
 dissensions stated to have taken place in the 
 hospital, to the great injury of its property, 
 Edward I, this year, appointed Geoffery 
 de Birston, (one of the brethren of the house,) 
 master, which seems to have been the first 
 appointment of that officer by the crown. 
 
 Anno 1309. 
 King Edward II, at the request of the 
 master and brethren of the hospital, grants 
 leave to stop up a common way, and 
 make other improvements on their estate at 
 Feltham : — the manor of which as well as 
 church they had now become possessed of; 
 the latter being the gift of Earl Baldwin. 
 
 Anno 1315. 
 A precept of Edward II is issued this year, 
 commanding the separation of the sound, 
 and recovered, from the diseased lepers; and 
 
 that the king's officers should not in future 
 have liberty to farm any persons on the hos- 
 pital, without the consent of the master and 
 brethren thereof. 
 
 Anno 1331. 
 King Edward III, by his letters patent of 
 this date, recites by inspeximus the several 
 charters of his predecessors to St. Giles's 
 hospital ; all of which, with their grants and 
 privileges, he confirms. 
 
 Anno 1337. 
 Charter 10th. Edward III, reciting by 
 inspeximus the charter of Edward II, re- 
 specting the admission of improper persons 
 into hospital, &c. and confirming same with 
 the other exemptions therein. 
 
 Anno 1347. 
 This year (probably in consequence of the 
 great plague) the king, by his precept, di- 
 rected to the mayor of London, commands 
 all lepers to be voided out of the city, for 
 fear of spreading the infection. In 
 
 (Same Year) 
 Consequence whereof the Londoners made 
 application to the master, &,c. of St. Giles's 
 hospital, to admit fourteen diseased citizens, 
 agreeably to the foundation statutes. 
 
 Anno 1354. 
 King Edward III grants the custody of 
 St. Giles's hospital to the master of Burton 
 St. Lazar (Richard Leghton) in consequence 
 of the remission by the latter, of an annuity 
 of forty marks, and the arrears due thereon, 
 given to Burton by Richard, and chargeable 
 on the Exchequer. St. Giles's, from this 
 period, became only a cell to Burton. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS. 
 
 95 
 
 Anno 1358. 
 Certain acts of violence having been com- 
 mitted at the hospital, by persons apparently 
 inimical to the transfer of it to Burton, in 
 which many of its records are stated to have 
 been embezzled, the archbishop of Canterbury 
 hindered in his visitation, &c. The king, by 
 his writ, directs inquiry to be made, and the 
 offenders to be punished. 
 
 Anno 1377. 
 Richard II, by letters patent confirms 
 the grant of St. Giles's hospital made by 
 Edward III to Burton; and also confirms 
 all preceding grants of the Kings, his an- 
 cestors. 
 
 Anno 1379. 
 Brother William de Croxton (master of 
 Burton and warden of St. Giles) exhibited 
 in the Exchequer this year, in order to their 
 being inrolled, the letters patent of 1st 
 Richard II, above-mentioned, when the 
 same were inrolled accordingly, and are now 
 remaining among the records there. 
 
 Anno 1389. 
 This year, brother Nicholas de Dover, 
 master of Burton and the successor of William 
 de Croxton, was confirmed in the wardenship 
 of St. Giles's hospital by Richard II, 
 agreeably to the grant 47 Edward III. 
 But it being found by inquisition, that he had 
 broken the foundation statutes by unduly 
 reducing the lepers, and admitting improper 
 persons on the charity ; he was displaced — and 
 
 Anno 1389, 
 By letters patent, dated an. reg. sui 12, 
 the same king Richard did give and grant 
 to his beloved clerk John Macclesfield, the 
 
 hospital of Saint Giles, described in such Table of 
 grant as being then vacant. To hold during l^^ents. 
 life to said John Macclesfield, with reversion 
 to his heirs ; and said John dying, the same 
 king Richard afterwards — to wit, 
 
 Anno 1390, 
 (the 13th of his reign,) granted in like man- 
 ner to his beloved clerk Richard CliflFord 
 (afterwards bishop of Worcester) the custody 
 of Burton St. Lazar, as well as the said 
 wardenship of St. Giles. To hold as before, 
 and subsequently, viz. 
 
 Anno 1392. 
 The same king Richard (in consideration 
 of the remission of an annuity of 110 marks, 
 payable from the Exchequer, and part of the 
 endowment of the abbey of St. Mary of the 
 Graces Tower Hill) did grant the said hos- 
 pital of St, Giles and the advocation thereof, 
 with the church within the same hospital. 
 To hold to the abbot of the said monastery 
 of St. Mary, to the proper uses of the said 
 hospital. But, 
 
 Anno 1404, 
 (5th Hen. IV,) — Brother Walter de Lynton, 
 or Lyntown, the proper master of Burton, 
 having exhibited his complaint before the 
 king's justices, that he was injured and 
 illegally deprived of his right by the pre- 
 ceding grants ; the king by his writ directed 
 inquiry to be made ; and the matter being 
 formally pleaded, and the complaint of said 
 Walter appearing to be just, he was reinstated 
 in his mastership of Burton and custody of 
 St. Giles. See List Masters, Chap. II, p. 52. 
 
 Anno 1402. 
 Two years prior to holding the pleas 
 
 last-mentioned. 
 
96 
 
 ST. GILES'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Table of 
 Events. 
 
 last-mentioned, (and probably preparatory 
 thereto,) the same Walter de Lynton caused 
 a fair register to be made of all the grants, 
 charters, and other records belonging to 
 the hospitals of Burton and St. Giles ; which 
 register fairly engrossed on vellum, in two 
 volumes, folio, is now preserved at the British 
 Museum ; one volume being appropriated to 
 the affairs of each hospital. See Intro- 
 duction, p. 2. 
 
 Anno 1413, 
 (1st Hen EY V.) — This year was detected a 
 supposed conspiracy of the sect called Lol- 
 lards, who met in the fields adjoining 
 St. Giles's hospital, headed by Sir John 
 Oldcastle, and others, and who afterwards 
 suffered martyrdom on the same spot. 
 
 Anno 1415, 
 (2nd Henry V.) — This year king Henry V, 
 by his letters patent, confirmed the grants of 
 his predecessors to St. Giles's hospital, as also 
 the grant of the custody of the latter to 
 Burton St. Lazar by Edward III. As see 
 " carta regis Henrici Quinti an. reg sui 2"'"' 
 pat. part 2"'" m. 17. In Turr. Lond. asservat;" 
 and of this account, p. 26 & 27. 
 
 Anno 1461, 
 (ist of Edward IV.) — An act of resumption, 
 of this date, specially protects the interests of 
 St.Giles's hospital, and ascertains the number 
 
 of lepers it was to maintain in case of neces- 
 sity, of the king's menial servants. See p. 27. 
 
 Anno 1537. 
 This year, Thomas Ratcliffe, master of 
 Burton St. Lazar, and Warden of St. Giles's 
 hospital, made an exchange with king 
 Henry VIII, of the most valuable estates 
 of the latter, particularly those situate in 
 St. Giles's parish, for certain lands in Leicester- 
 shire — the signal of its dissolution. 
 
 Anno 1539. 
 
 the suppression. 
 
 The hospital of Burton St. Lazar, with its 
 
 dependent cell of St. Giles's hospital, and 
 
 generally all monasteries throughout England, 
 
 dissolved this year by king Henry VIII. 
 
 Anno 1545. 
 Henry VIII (after having retained them 
 in his own hands until this year) grants the 
 said dissolved hospitals and most of their 
 estates to John Dudley, Viscount Lisle, &c. 
 
 Anno 1547. 
 Henry VIII grants his licence to Lord 
 Lisle, to convey St. Giles's hospital and part 
 of its remaining estates and appurtenances, to 
 Wymond Carewe, Esq.; after which the 
 hospital site was divided amongst various 
 possessors (''). 
 
 (*•) See the following history of the parish, for notices as to several of these, and their heirs, as well 
 as relative to the subsequent appropriation of the hospital scite, and its estates in St. Giles's parish. 
 
97 
 
 ACCOUNT 
 
 OF 
 
 ^t. <15iles'0 ^aiis% 
 
 GENERAL VIEW OF ITS ANTIENT STATE; VIZ. 
 
 Origin and Name. — Extent and Population. — Roads and Ditches. — Landholders 
 and chief Partitions of Land. — Tenements and Dwellings. — General Appear- 
 ance, formerly, tvith Plan of. — First Buildings on. — Remarks. — Divisions, 
 artificial and natural, of Parish, ^. 
 
 /^RIGIN AND Name. — THE District comprehending this parish, is indis- How men- 
 
 ^^ tinctly noticed in the Doomsday Survey, as forming part of the Hundred i>)omsday ^ 
 
 of Ossulvestane, or Ossulton, in the county of Middlesex ; at which time, the Survey. 
 
 manor was part of the royal domains. The name of St. Giles, though not its 
 
 origin as a parish, took rise from its hospital, founded, as we have seen, 
 
 some years later, and dedicated to that saint. From this circumstance, and the 
 
 advowson of the church being vested in the hospital, it was at first called, 
 
 St. Giles of the Lepers ; and is accordingly mentioned in the hospital grants, 
 
 as " the Parish of the Hospital of St. Giles of the Lepers," " the Parish of the 
 
 said Hospital," and " our Parish of St. Giles(')." At the suppression of the Name before 
 
 hospital this addition was discontinued, and it assumed the denomination solution of'*" 
 
 of St. Giles in the Fields, or in campis, to distinguish it from St. Giles hospital. 
 
 Cripplegate, and other churches dedicated to that saint ; a name which 
 
 it still retains, though now no longer, as it was then, descriptive of its rural 
 
 situation ( '■ ). 
 
 Extent 
 
 (') See History of Hospital, Chap. IV. " Villa Sci Egidij." The title of saint, 
 
 p. 60. Strype observes, which most churches were 
 
 (*) It is first styled " Sancti Egidij in in old times honoured with, was in the 
 
 Campis," in Henry Vlllth's grant of the mayoralty of Aldermaa Penlington omitted 
 
 Whcnfint hospital to Lord Lisle. In the in the weekly bills of mortality, as well as 
 
 called St. Giles exchange previously made with in the acts of the government, when, says 
 
 •»«Ae Fields. Rajjdifle (p.31), it is called he, " the Saints were thrown out of doors, 
 
 O and 
 
98 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Antient 
 boundaries of 
 parish- 
 
 Its supposed 
 population, at 
 differentearly 
 periods. 
 
 Extent and Population. — There is every reason to suppose, from the 
 evidence of existing documents, that the parish was originally of much greater 
 extent than at present ('); though what were then its precise boundaries, it 
 may at this distance of time be difficult to ascertain. On its north side, it 
 seems to have included Totten-hall, now Tottenham-court, with much of the 
 prebendal land of that manor j and on the east side, to have included the whole 
 of the parish of St. George the Martyr, and to have extended into St. Andrew 
 Holborn, and St. Pancras parishes. Its west and south limits afford field for 
 discussion. Taking the whole parish however to have been antiently of its 
 present dimensions, it would have been butted and bounded as follows ; viz. 
 On the west by St. Pancras, St. Mary-le-bourne, and Eldestrate, or Old-street j 
 which latter divided it from the fields of Westminster, then forming part of 
 St. Margaret's parish, afterwards of St. Martin's, and now of St. Anne's 
 parish ; on the north, and partly on the east, by the parish of St. Pancras ; on 
 the east, in other part, by the manor of Portpole, and the parish of St. Andrew 
 Holborn, and also by land of the Old Friary, now Lincoln's Inn Gardens ; and 
 on the south, in part by St. Clement Danes, and in other part by the antient 
 water-course called " Marshland Ditch," (which will be noticed hereafter,) 
 which separated it from the land adjoining the garden of the Abbots of West- 
 minster, now Long Acre. 
 
 The population, in early times, can only be guessed at from the grants of 
 land, &c. to and from the hospital ; which, as appears in the abstract just 
 given of them (*), mention the names of the various holders and occupiers of 
 premises in different parts of the parish, and afford tolerable hints for making 
 an estimate. It appears from these, that the grantors of estates in which the 
 hospital had a property, may be reckoned at a distance as far back as the 
 commencement of the fourteenth century, at more than one hundred, exclu- 
 sively of the inmates of the hospital itself, and those persons in whose estates 
 that foundation had no concern, and whom consequently its records do not 
 notice. That these, however, were not all the resident householders, will be 
 evident, when it is considered that there must have been many inhabitants in 
 
 the 
 
 and the parishes vnsairited ; which divorcing (') This is meant of the parish, before 
 
 of the parishes from their saints, continued St. George's Bloomsbury parish was taken 
 
 until the year 1660, when at the restoration out of it. 
 
 of king Charles [I, they were again restored." (*) History of Hospital, Chap. IV. 
 — Survey of Loudon, vol. II, p. 7, book V. 
 
EARLY POPULATION.— ROADS AND DITCHES. 99 
 
 the parish who had no possessions. And perhaps it may not be too much to say, 
 that there was at the remote period alluded to, at least two hundred holders of 
 lands and tenements in the parish. If we add to this number a due proportion 
 of inmates, and take into the account the hospital establishment, the aggregate 
 will then not fall much short of one thousand persons. In the first year of 
 Edward VI, the number of houseling people, as they are called (' ), is stated Houseling 
 at three hundred and Jive ; and there does not seem much reason to suppose, ^^^^ ^' 
 judging from the small increase of building in the parish, that that number 
 was greatly augmented until late in the reign of queen Elizabeth. The increase 
 of inhabitants after that period is astonishing ; being stated in an account 
 received by vestry from the churchwardens, anno 1711> (and taken pursuant 
 to the Act of Parliament for building churches,) at two thousand nine himdred 
 and ninety-nine housekeepers ; whereof there were two hundred and sixty-nine 
 gentlemen ; one thousand nine hundred and twenty-three tradesmen, and 
 eight hundred and seven poor housekeepers : making at an estimate of about 
 seven persons to each house, a total of twenty-one thousand persons ( * ). 
 
 Roads and Ditches. — The whole parish, antiently as at present, was divided " Strata Sci 
 into north and south by the highway, called St. Giles's Street, or the st^ciles^s 
 *' Strata Sci Egidij," and Holeburne, which was the great and principal street. 
 thoroughfare. This street is termed in the old deeds, " Gara Reg ;" — " Via 
 regia de Sci Egidij j" — " Via regia qui ducit de London versus Tybourne," 
 
 &c. 
 
 (') " Primo die January anno primo r. r. at the parish church, and not to house- 
 Edwardi VI. A brief declaration concern- holders. " Unhousel'd, unanointed, una- 
 ing colleges, brotherheades," &c. neal'd," {Hamlet,) is the not having received 
 
 the eucharist, and extreme unction. And 
 
 " St. Giles in y= Felde, memorand'. they refer to Textus Roffensis, where it 
 
 Declmation.s^. Ther Is of howselitig people is said " the monks offering to perform all 
 
 w*ia the said pische the num- the functions of Aouse//i«g," &,c. To Mort' 
 
 ber of cccv." D'Arthur, " so when lie was houselled and 
 
 anointed, and had all that a Christian man 
 Copy certificate of colleges, &C.1 Edw. VI, ought to have," &c. Also to Fabian's 
 Augmentation Office. Chron.(15i6,) " Chyldren were long spread 
 
 Houselled (from which houseling people) through all the land, and men housellyd and 
 is explained by the commentators of Shak- aneallyd," 8cc. These quotations apparently 
 HouuiUiand ^P^^r^j to mean, the having remove all doubts as to the true meaning of 
 hoiiseiiine peo- taken the Sacrament, or Lord's the term houselled, which probably was de- 
 pc—wia. Supper. This census might rived from the Anglo Saxon noun substan- 
 therefore only apply to such as from age and tive, " kttsel," or the eucharist. 
 other circumstances, were communicants C) I" iSoi, and 1811, the returns made 
 
 o 2 
 
100 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 " Fontem 
 Commu- 
 nem," or 
 Common 
 Spring. 
 
 Aldewych 
 Cross. 
 
 Eldestrate. 
 
 Le Lane. 
 
 Blemund's 
 Dyche. 
 
 Sec. It was chiefly inhabited at first on the north side ; along which appear to 
 have been scattered dwellings from its eastern extremity to the Pitaunce Croft 
 (which faced the hospital,) with gardens behind them reaching to the ditch, 
 which bounded the south side of Blemundesbury or Bloomsbury. In the 
 midst of this principal street, was the "Jbntem communem," that is the common 
 spring or conduit, which supplied the parishioners with water ; and near it, and 
 exactly facing the north end of Aldewych, was a stone cross called Aldewtch 
 Cross, with an adjoining cottage, &c. Beyond ran Holborn, exactly in the 
 line of the present street, and terminated the eastern end of the parish, near 
 the " Barram veteri Templi," which occasioned it to be denominated St. Giles 
 " without the Bars of the old Temple," (extra Barram vet' Templi,) and 
 before the building of the Temple, St. Giles " without the Bars of London." 
 Returning to the western end of the parish, was another principal thoroughfare 
 called Eldestrade, or Old-street, (now called Crown-street,) leading from the 
 north to Westminster ; and behind the hospital walls, was a third and lesser 
 road called Le Lane, now Monmouth-street. The fourth chief highway was 
 the " Via de Aldewych," (the present Drury-lane,) which gave name to the 
 land adjoining it on both sides, and was of very great antiquity. The minor 
 ways and paths, of which there were several intersecting other parts of the 
 parish, have no distinguishing denomination in the old grants. 
 
 The Ditches were, on the north side, Blemund's Dyche ('), called in after- 
 times Bloomsbury Great Ditch and Southampton Sewer, and which divided 
 the two manors of St. Giles and Bloomsbury. This ran at a distance, backwards, 
 
 of 
 
 under the population acts, passed in those years, for the parish of St. Giles in the Fields, 
 including Bloomsbury, were as follows : — 
 
 YEAR. 
 
 1801 
 1811 
 
 N" 
 of Houses 
 
 N''of 
 Families. 
 
 3,861. 
 
 4,828. 
 
 8,615. 
 
 11,999- 
 
 N" of Persons 
 
 employed in 
 
 Trade. 
 
 6,471, 
 
 r Families "1 f 
 
 1 8,443- J 1 
 
 N^of other 
 Persons. 
 
 30,031. 
 
 "Families"! 
 3,556.] 
 
 Alales. 
 
 16,414. 
 
 20,478. 
 
 Females. 
 
 20,088. 
 
 28,058. 
 
 TOTAI. 
 
 N"of 
 Persons. 
 
 36,502. 
 
 48,536. 
 
 (') The south side of Broad-street, and prietors. North of that line is part of the 
 of Holborn, for a considerable distance, is Bedford estate : Blemund's ditch divided, 
 vested in the Crown, and in private pro- the two. 
 
PARTITIONS OF LANDS, AND LANDHOLDEira ; ;;■;■ 101 
 
 of about one hundred feet from the main street, till it reached a ^coa'd'gre^t'i ;/>'■, 
 
 ditch, or rather a continuation of the one mentioned, called the Pitaunce Pitaunce 
 
 Croft Ditch, from its encompassing the close or inclosure of the hospital, 
 
 called the Pitaunce Croft, which lay before the great north gate. On the 
 
 south side, at the back of the hospital, was the great Marshland Ditch, well Marshland 
 
 known in aftertimes by the name of " Cock and Pye Ditch," which bounded 
 
 the four sides of the Marshland, now Seven Dials. " Spencer's Dig," or 
 
 ditch, was another water-course or dyke running behind the houses on the 
 
 south side of Holborn, through Aldewych, east, and along by the north side 
 
 of Fikattesfeld, or Lincoln's Inn Fields, and probably received its name from 
 
 its contiguity to land of the Spencers or family of Dispensator, considerable 
 
 persons then in the parish ( *). Besides these, there was another ditch dividing 
 
 the Campo de Aldewych, or Oldwick Close, (as it was afterwards called,) from Aldwick 
 
 Fikattesfeld, and bounding that inclosure on the north and south, as well as &c. ' ' 
 
 other lesser ditches, &c. whose names are not mentioned. 
 
 Partitions of Land, Landholders, &c. — The principal landholders or 
 proprietors of land, between whom the parish was divided at this early period, 
 were(') 
 
 ANTIENT LANDHOLDERS. 
 
 St. Giles's Hospital. Antient land- 
 
 Ralph de Wennington.— Serb de Wennington.— Hugh de Blundi.— holders. 
 
 Ralph de Septem Fontibj (master of hospital). — The Spenser or Dispensator family.— 
 The Knights Templars. — William Blemund or Blemonte, and the Russel family. 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 (') This ditch, there is every reason to houses on the south side of Holborn. There 
 suppose, is the same one as is described in was also another ditch, which ran from it, 
 , modern deeds as the common and bounded the west side of the same gar- 
 sewer, and is said to run about dens, where the wall now stands, of which 
 seventy-four feet north of Lewknor's-lane. see further under Art. " Boundaries," — 
 See " Rose," Art. " Houses of Enter- " Lincoln's- Inn Fields," 8cc. 
 TAiNMENT." Its Continuation is still to be (") These are to be understood of persons 
 traced in the sewer between the north side of only, in whom thej'ee was vested. 
 Lincoln's-Inn Gardens, and the back of the 
 
102 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Chief parti- 
 tions of land. 
 
 ESTATES. 
 
 CHIEF PARTITIONS OF LAND. 
 
 South Side. 
 DESCRIPTIOX. 
 
 Merslade, or 
 Le Meryslade. 
 
 Newlond, and 
 Aldewych West. 
 
 Aldewych East 
 
 or 
 « Sup' Hydam." 
 
 Campo de 
 Aldewych, &c. 
 
 Fikattesfeld, 
 
 and land 
 
 " juxta Holborn Bars.' 
 
 PROPRIETORS. 
 
 Afterwards called " Marshland." The' 
 whole of that tract of ground lying on the 
 south side of the church, bounded east, 
 
 Iby 
 
 Called " Socha de Wennington," and 
 comprehending the land reaching from 
 tlie east end of Merslade to the " via 
 regia de Aldewych." - - - - 
 
 The land extending east from the via 
 regia de Aldewych to the north-west side 
 of Fikattesfeld, bounded north, by 
 Holborn, and south, by the Campo de 
 Aldewych ------ 
 
 Adjoining the south side of the above>1 
 bounded by the via regia de Aldewych I 
 west, by See Clement' Dacor' south, and f 
 east, by J 
 
 The tract of land adjoining the west" 
 side of the above, bounded east, by the 
 oldTemple, north, by Holborn, and south, 
 by See Clement' Dacor,' &c. 
 
 Ralph de Sept' Font' 
 
 and 
 
 St. Giles's hospital. 
 
 Ralph de Wennington, 
 
 Serlo de Wennington, 
 
 and 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 Hugh de Blundi, 
 
 Dispenser family, 
 
 and 
 
 St. Giles's hospital. 
 
 Hospital, 
 
 The Knights Templars 
 
 and 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 North Side. 
 
 Nature of 
 estates, and 
 how te- 
 nanted. 
 
 The 
 Pitaunce Croft, &c. 
 
 Feod' de Blemund' an 
 adjoining laud 
 
 Sixteen acres of inclosed land, with 
 adjoining ground lying towards the 
 north-west extremity of the parish, op- 
 posite the hospital gate - - - 
 
 . r Nearly the whole land, now called"! 
 ' Bloomsbury, with part of the prebend of I 
 [Tottenhall, &,c. - - - - -J 
 
 St. Giles's hospital. 
 
 The Blemund and 
 Russel family. 
 
 The tenants under the above, of whose number some idea has been just 
 given, were of various descriptions, and held greater or lesser quantities of land, 
 according to their condition and circumstances. Few however possessed more 
 than two acres in one situation, and more generally but one, or half an acre. 
 
 To 
 
TENEMENTS AND DWELLINGS.— APPEARANCE. 103 
 
 To these portions of ground, which were for the most part laid out in curti- 
 lages or gardens, were attached cottages. The uncultivated parts consisted of 
 pasture land and marshland. 
 
 Tenements and Dwellings. — The dwellings, though mostly confined to 
 particular places, were at the early period we are treating of, considerable in 
 number. A great part, it has been observed, stood on the north side of 
 St. Giles's High-street ; next to which, the south side of Holborn, from the end 
 of Aldewych to near Holborn Bars, was chiefly built on. These, we may pre- 
 sume, were in general shops ; several of the houses so situated being expressly 
 described as such in the old grants and leases of them, which also specify the 
 particular trades or callings of their occupiers, many of whom subscribe such 
 deeds as witnesses. Amongst these very early parishioners, tradesmen, occur Names of 
 the names of Gerv' le Lyngedrap, Hugh Faber, Reginald le Tailleur, Adam parishLners 
 Cementarius, William le Chandeler, William le Mason, and various others ( '° ). tradesmen. 
 The most inhabited part of the parish however, at this time, seems to have 
 been on the east side of Aldewych, or site of the present Parker's-street, 
 Lewknor's-lane, &c. which was covered with houses and gardens. The only 
 residences of magnitude noticed in the old grants, are the capital messuages 
 of William Blemund and W. de Thurkeby, and the Croshe Hose, Swan-on- 
 le-Hop, and the Rose ; (the latter inns or houses of entertainment). 
 
 General Appearance, &c.— Like its neighbour parishes in the suburbs. Soil of parish 
 the soil of St. Giles's in very remote times seems to have been wet and anfmarehy ' 
 marshy; this is not only indicated by the ditches just enumerated, but by 
 the various places in its vicinity, which terminate their names with the 
 addition of " bourne" or brook, as Tye-boume, West-boiirne, Old-bourne, 
 &c. and will be still more evident in further describing the parish ("). After 
 the foundation of its hospital, which no doubt attracted new residents, much 
 of the land we may presume was drained, which occasioned it to be intersected 
 by the ditches alluded to, and caused a degree of cultivation to take place, of 
 which it would not otherwise have been capable. Accordingly, about the 
 reign of John, and the ages immediately succeeding, the greater part, as 
 
 observed, 
 
 ('°) See Account of Hospital, Chap. IV, pontls, particularly the latter, mention being 
 where these, and many other names of the frequently made in the parish books, of 
 antient parishioners, &c. occur. accidents happening, almost within memory, 
 
 (") See Account of Marshland; and till at " Marlyn's Pond," " Capper's Pond," 
 ui late days, it abounded with ditches and " Smith's Pond," &c. 
 
104 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Its appear- 
 ance an- 
 tiently that 
 of a rural 
 village. 
 
 observed, was laid out in garden plots, intermixed with cottages, and peopled 
 with inhabitants, and must then have presented the appearance of a con- 
 siderable and populous village ("); such was then the general face of the 
 parish. Its lands, for the most part pasture, or covered with gardens and 
 cottages, divided by ditches, and crossed by roads and ways of a character 
 completely rural. Heightening these features of rusticity, lay its High-street, 
 bordered with country shops, and venerable from its antient stone cross and 
 hospital ; accompaniments which must have given to the whole a considerable 
 share of picturesque effect, and justified the term village, usually applied to it 
 
 in old writings. 
 
 The following 
 
 Altered 
 appear 
 parish 
 reign 
 Henry VIII. 
 
 PLAN OF THE PARISH IN ITS ANTIENT STATE, 
 
 Is an attempt made from the descriptions in the hospital grants, to localize 
 and fix the situations and boundaries of the various estates in it, in order to 
 afford an idea of them collectively, as they might have existed at the time ( '' ). 
 
 For ages subsequent to the period now mentioned, the parish probably 
 
 parish in exhibited a similar appearance. The first material alteration seems to have 
 
 taken place some time previously to the reign of Henry VIII, and to have 
 
 happened in consequence of nearly the whole land becoming vested in the 
 
 hospital. 
 
 (") This is confirmed by Fitzstephen, (by the deeds) to have been divided and built 
 (1180). Speaking of the west suburbs, he on in the early part of the reign of Edw. Ill, 
 Fdzitei,hen's says, " On all sides, without some of the buildings, as the Swan-on- 
 Zlghb'oJhool ^^^ houses, are the citizens the-Hop, and the Rose, being of that pe- 
 rtg. Hen. u. gardens and orchards, planted riod. The greater part of the dwellings, 
 with trees, both large, sightly and adjoining however, as well as the chief partitions of 
 together. On the north side, are also land, are described in deeds as far back as the 
 pastures, and plain meadows, with brooks reigns of John, Henry III, and the two 
 running through them turning water-mills, Edwards. The whole therefore of the build- 
 with a pleasant noise. Not far off, is a great ings, 8lc. might not in strictness be contem- 
 forest," (/. e. between the north side of Lon- porary, as here shewn, but would have been 
 don and the Hampstead and Highgate hills,) nearly so, as the alterations must have been 
 " a well wooded chase, having good covert but few during the interval which elapsed 
 for horses," &c. " The corn fields are not between the dates of the first and latter 
 of a hungry mould, but as the fruitful fields deeds; — the principal districts (which will be 
 of Asia, yielding plentiful increase, and fully described l)creafter) were as marked in 
 filling the barns with corn." the plan; the Hospital site — Merslade — 
 
 ('^) In order to better understand this Newlond — Aldew\'ch, west and east — the 
 Plan of parish pl'i", h must be observed, that Campo de Aldewych — Fikattesfeld, land next 
 asantientiy,and the view is intended to exhibit the bars of Holborn — the Pitaunce Croft, 
 txpiamtionof. St. Giles's parish as it appears Blemundsbury— Seman Russela land, &c. 
 
ALTERED APPEARANCE IN REIGN OF HEN. VIII. 10? 
 
 hospital. This circumstance, and the transfer of St. Giles's to Burton, by 
 •which means the former was deprived of a resident head, operated much to 
 the detriment of the parish, as is evident from the exchange of its estates with 
 the above-named prince ( '* ). From the enumeration of premises in that deed, 
 and their then altered state, it appears that the extinction of the small land- 
 holders had in a great measure depopulated the parish (''). The ground south Its supposed 
 of the hospital, which had been partially built on, even as early as the reign of 
 Edward I, is described simply as " one close, called Merssheland," and all the 
 land beyond it eastwards, comprehending great part of Aldewych, west, as 
 " twenty-five acres of pasture, lying in the village of St. Giles." Aldewych, 
 east, which had before, abounded with cottages and gardens, had degenerated 
 into " eighteen acres of pasture, belonging to a certain messuage called the 
 Whyte Hart," and " a pasture appertaining to another messuage called the 
 Rose ;" two public inns, situated, the one at the north-east corner of Drury- 
 lane, and the other nearly in a line with Lewknor's-lane. The dissolution of Decrease of 
 the hospital, and its grant to Lord Lisle, events which soon after took place, and dwell- 
 effected a still further change, particularly in the immediate precincts of the '"^s- 
 hospital, several of its buildings being converted into residences, and other 
 parts of the site leased out to different tenants, as noticed in the grant itself. 
 With the alterations here, others would doubtless be made in different parts of 
 the parish on the lands, &c. being placed in the possession of new occupiers, 
 as we shall find in pursuing the subject. 
 
 Of the state and appearance of the parish in the reign of Elizabeth, we are Tts state in 
 furnished with a tolerably correct representation in the plan of London, by Elizabeth. 
 Ralph Aggas, anno 1560, and that of Hogenberg, published about fourteen 
 years later. From these documents it appears, that the number of dwellings 
 had progressively lessened from the time we are speaking of. The only addi- 
 tion in building shewn, is the large manor-house on the Bloomsbury side, called 
 Southampton House, which probably was erected in the reign of Henry VIH. 
 On the site of the hospital are a considerable cluster of houses, and large St. Giles's- 
 remains of the hospital walls are seen standing, particularly on the south side; firsTbuilt on. 
 but beyond, are nothing but fields. The north side has a number of habita- 
 tions 
 ('*) Hist.hosp. Chap. r. p. 5. 
 
 ("' ) " One only master, grasps the wide domain, 
 
 " And half a tillage, stints the smiling plain." Goldsmith. 
 
 P 
 
106 .: ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 tidns reaching from the church to Drury-lane, which have gardens and closes 
 extending behind them as in old times. The entrance to Drury-lane from St. 
 Giles's-street, has on each side a few houses, but the lane itself appears a 
 Drury-lane. mere country road, separated from the fields by embankments of earth. Drury 
 House, from which the lane took its name, is intended to be represented by 
 the cluster of buildings towards its south-east end. The sites of several of the 
 Queen-street, present streets, as Great Queen-street, Long Acre, &c. are shewn as common 
 streets &c. foot-paths. Covent Garden, which was then walled round, with all the land 
 ■when built, to the north of it, (now Long Acre and the Seven Dials,) as well as the whole 
 tract of ground to the north and west of Lincoln's Inn Fields, and that now 
 fine square itself were unbuilt on j and in Holborn, the houses do not com- 
 mence until nearly opposite the present Little Queen-street. To account for 
 so large a district as St. Giles's parish, remaining until so late a period in great 
 part destitute of dwellings, (standing as it did contiguous to the court end of 
 the town, and otherwise eligible in various respects,) we must suppose other 
 causes to have operated than chance ; and such, in fact, are to be found in 
 the prohibitions of Elizabeth, and her successor James, against building in the 
 SiuburbsC*). 
 Holborn con- FiRST BuiLDiNGS. — The first era of building was a little before I6OO, at 
 buiidinMwith "^^^^^ period Holbom began to be connected by houses with St. Giles's- 
 St. Giles's, street C). A large portion of the antient hospital wall was demolished, and 
 quent in- residences erected to the east and west ends of the church, as weU as on the 
 
 crease of south side. On both sides of St. Giles's-street itself, the dwellings were also 
 buildings. ° 
 
 multiplied, 
 
 ('") By royal proclamation, dated July ties therein described. The proclamations 
 
 1580, the queen, on the motion of the lord of the early part of James Ist's reign as to 
 
 p , , mayor, commands "all persons this subject, are of a similar import; and 
 
 miitions against of vvliat quality socver they be, though it appears, that the prohibitions of 
 
 iuiidtng. jQ desist and forbear from any both sovereigns were in many instances 
 
 new buildings of any house or tenement evaded, 3'et the}' no doubt much impeded 
 
 within three miles of any of the gates of the the progress of building of new houses in 
 
 said city, to serve for habitation or lodging this and oilier parishes in the suburbs, 
 for any person, where no former house is (") "On the high-street (Holborn) have 
 
 known to have been within memory of such ye many faiie houses buikled, and lodgings 
 
 as are now living; — and also to forbear from for gentlemen, inns for travellers and such 
 
 letting or setting, or suffering any more fami- like, up almost (for it lacketh but liule) to 
 
 lies than one only to be placed, or inhabit St. Giles-ia-the-Fields." — Stowe's Survey, 
 
 from henceforth, in any house that hath been ed, 1505. 
 heretofore inhabited," 5ic. under the penal- 
 
PARTS BUILT ON BEFORE 17O8. jOy 
 
 multiplied. Ten years afterwards, the plan of Westminster, in Speed's Great 
 Britain, exhibits the commencement of Great Queen-street, and a continua- 
 tion of houses on both sides of Drury-iane. And from this time, viz. the latter 
 end of the reign of Elizabeth, and the beginning of the reign of James, the 
 increase of building was great ; as by the assessment made in 1623, the whole 
 number of houses rated appears to have then amounted to 897- Among the 
 places enumerated, upwards of twenty courts yards and alleys are mentioned 
 by name, exclusively of the main streets, few, if any of which existed until 
 that time. In Bloomsbury was erected one hundred and thirty-six houses, Number of 
 and one hundred more on the north side of St. Giles's-street. On the south ^g^^^^ "* 
 side of the same street, including " Midle Row," the number of houses is 
 stated at seventy-one. In Drury-lane, and the adjacent ground on each side 
 of it, fifty-six residences are named, most of them, judging from the quality 
 of their inhabitants, first-rate buildings. In Great Queen-street fifteen houses 
 only were built. At Holborn end, the houses assessed are ten. These are the 
 amount of buildings in the principal thoroughfares, and will afford an idea 
 of the numbers in other parts of the parish, which will be noticed in their 
 proper places. The additions in building which took place during the Inter- Subsequent 
 regnum, do not seem to have been considerable ('* ), except that the chief additions m 
 streets were gradually completed. With the Restoration, a second grand era 
 of building commenced in the parish. Lincoln' s-Inn Fields, which had been 
 laid out and partly built by Inigo Jones, was further improved, and tlie houses 
 finished on the south side of Queen-street, besides many individual mansions 
 of eminence erected. And this spirit of building continued, not only during 
 the remainder of Charles lid's reign, but during those of James II, William 
 and Mary, and Anne, (owing in great measure to leasing the marshland, and 
 other crown lands in the parish,) so that at length the whole parish, some part 
 of Bloomsbury excepted, became entirely covered with houses, and contained 
 according to an account printed, anno 1708(''), the following inhabited 
 streets and places, viz. — " St. Giles's Broad-street, from the Pound to Drury- 
 lane, 
 (") Owing perhaps as jn the former in- commonwealth one full year's rent." And 
 Stances to the act of parliament made anno " that all who should after this, build any 
 Act against 1 656, vvliich enacted, " that for house or cottage upon a new foundation, 
 iimidmg,i656. every dwelling-house, outhouse, within the said suburbs, or within ten miles 
 or olherbuilding.erected within the suburbs," thereof, should forfeit the entire sum of 
 &c. " since the 25th March 1620, not having £.100." 
 
 four acres of landyMi the least, continually (") " New View of Loudon." 
 therewith used, there should be paid to the 
 
 P 2 
 
108 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Enumeration 
 of streets, &c. 
 in 1708. 
 
 Contrast in 
 number of 
 buildings, at 
 diHerent 
 periods. 
 
 Style of 
 architecture, 
 streets, &c. 
 
 lane, both sides of the way ; Tottenham Court Road, part of the east side ; 
 the east side of Hog Lane or Crown-street, from the Pound to the Greyhound 
 Tavern ; the easternly side of Weld-street ; all the seven streets commonly 
 called the Seven Dials or Cock and Pye Fields, and Castle -street. The east 
 side of Drury-lane south to the Maid-in-the-Moon, two doors south of the 
 Horseshoe Tavern inclusive, and all its west side ; Princes-street in Drury- 
 lane, both sides of the way to Weld-street end ; the north side of Duke-street 
 and on the south side from the Portugual ambassador's to Lincoln's Inn Fields; 
 all the three sides of Lincoln's Inn Fields, and Louch's Buildings, south to 
 the Black Jack inclusive. On the south side of Holborn, from St. Giles's- 
 street to the Boot and Gridiron, a little east of Great Turnstile, and on the 
 north side to two doors east of the Vine Tavern ; Kingsgate-street, both sides 
 of the way to Eagle-street, and to the corner on the west side ; likewise all 
 King-street Bloomsbury, and Great Russell-street, thence to Tottenham Court 
 Road." 
 
 Remarks. — It has been shewn that the two grand eras in building, and con- 
 sequently in the increase of population in the parish, were the latter end of the 
 reign of Elizabeth, or rather the middle of the reign of James I, and the 
 beginning of that of Charles II ; to which perhaps should be added as a third, 
 the reign of William and Mary, and Anne, when the whole building of the 
 Seven Dials was begun and completed. The contrast in each of these periods 
 is striking ! At the termination of the reign of James I, the number of houses 
 was only eight hundred and ninety-seven. About the latter end of the reign 
 pf Charles II, it had increased to more than two thousand. In the reign of 
 Anne, the number of houses amounted to upwards of three thousand, (although 
 the Seven Dials and much of its neighbourhood was then unfinished.) In 1801, 
 the number, including Bloomsbury, was three thousand eight hundred and 
 sixty-one; and in 1811, it amounted to four thousand eight hundred and 
 twenty-eight. The total of the yearly rent of the houses in the parishes of St. 
 Giles and St. George Bloomsbury, as charged to the poor's rate for the year 
 1730, amounted to ^.53,267; for I76O, to ^.61,057; for 1791, to ^.107,939; 
 for 1801, to ^.128,068; and for 1811, to ^.213,260. 
 
 " The architecture of the houses," observes a late writer, (speaking of the 
 modern state of this parish,) " and the varieties in the width of the streets, 
 are full of contrast. Numbers of the habitations seem calculated for the depth 
 of misery ; others for the extremes of opulence ; and the streets expand from 
 
 thirteen, fifteen, and twenty feet, to sixty or eighty feet wide." 
 
 THE 
 
ITS DIVISIONS— ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL. lOg 
 
 THE ARTIFICIAL DIVISIONS OF THE PARISH, 
 
 Parish Divisions. — As the increase of buildings and inhabitants rendered 
 alterations necessary, were as follows : — 
 
 In 1621, the parish was divided into two parts only; viz. 
 1. The liberty of St. Giles's-street and Bloomsbury. — 2. Drury-lane, Princes- 
 street, Queen-street. 
 
 Those divisions in 1623, wei^e altered as follows ; viz. 
 1. Holbom End and Bloomsbury. — 2. Old Town, Drury-lane, Princes-street, 
 
 Queen-street. 
 
 In 1663, the number af divisions was increased to three; viz. 
 1. The Old Town.— 2. Holborn End.— 3. Drury-lane. 
 
 And in 1673, to the following four ', viz. 
 1. Old Town,— 2. Cock and Pye Fields, within the Old Town.— 3. Holborn 
 
 End. — 4, Drury-lane. 
 
 In 1815, and long previously, the divisions were increased to Eight, which 
 
 still continue. 
 
 \. First part of St. Giles. 
 
 2. First Book, second part of 
 
 St. Giles. 
 
 3. Second Book, second part of 
 
 St. Giles. 
 
 4. Holborn End. 
 
 5. Drury-lane. 
 
 6. First part of Bloomsbury. 
 
 7. Second part of d". 
 
 8. Third part of d". 
 
 NATURAL DIVISIONS OF THE PARISH. 
 Prior to the use of the artificial divisions above enumerated, the parish might 
 be said to separate itself naturally into six parts or divisions, which, as better 
 suited to the purposes of description, we shall adopt in the ensuing account. 
 They extended, and were bounded as below : — 
 
 First Division. 
 1. South Side of the Parish, from Town's End to Aldewych East. 
 This division commenced at the western extremity of the parish, at the 
 corner of Hog-lane or Crown-street, and pursued a line to the corner of Little 
 St. Martin's-lane ; then turned up Castle-street till it reached Drury-lane, the 
 eastern side of which it included to its end at Broad-street or St. Giles's-street, 
 as it was antiently called j thence it ran along the south side of that street till 
 
 it 
 
XIQ . ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 it reached the end of it at the corner of Crown-street aforesaid, and compre- 
 hended the entire site of the hospital of St. Giles, now occupied by the church, 
 &c. ; the Seven Dials and neighbourhood, formerly called the Marshland, and 
 all the land thence eastwards as far as Drury-lane, antiently distinguished by 
 the name of Aldewych West. 
 
 Second Division. 
 2. South Side of the Parish — Aldewych East, &c. 
 This division included the ground now covered by Lewknor's-lane, Parker- 
 street, &c. as far as the back of Great Queen-street, south ; being bounded by 
 Drury-lane, west — Holborn, north — and Little Queen-street, east. 
 
 Third Division. 
 3. South Side — " Campum de Aldewych," or Oldwick Close. 
 This division comprehended the site of the present Weld-street, Princes- 
 street, and. their neighbourhoods; being bounded north by Great Queen- 
 street ; south, by the back of Princes-street, part of Duke-street, &c. ; west, 
 by Drury-lane ; and east, by Lincoln's Inn Fields. 
 
 Fourth Division. 
 4. South Side— Fikattefeld and Holborn Bars. 
 This division included the whole of Lincoln's Inn Fields, and the streets, 
 &c. in its vicinity, (forming part of St. Giles's parish,) to the east and north, 
 with the land next Holborn Bars, now Whetstone's Park, &c. as far east and 
 west, as from ten houses beyond Turnstile to Little Queen-street, with the 
 half of Holborn on that side. 
 
 Fifth Division. 
 
 5. North Side of Parish — Bloomsbury West. 
 
 . Reaching from Tottenham Court Road, west, to Charlotte-street and Gower- 
 
 street, east ; bounded north by St. Pancras parish, and south by St. Giles's- 
 
 street ; including all the streets, courts, &c. within that district. 
 
 Sixth Division. 
 6. North Side of Ditto — Bloomsbury East. 
 Extending from Charlotte and Gower-streets, west, to the extremity of the 
 parish, east, and bounded north and south, as above ; including the remainder 
 of the present parish of St. George Bloomsbury. 
 
NATURAL DIVISIONS OF PARISH. ^H 
 
 C H A P. I. 
 
 NATURAL DIVISIONS OF PARISH. 
 
 Names of early Landholders, their Estates, and antient Tenants or Occupiers 
 qf; Account of Streets and Places built on, and other Particulars, "viz. 
 Division I — (Totsan's End, to Aldewych West) — Rose and Crown Yard j 
 Dudley-court ; Lloyd* s-court ; Denmark-street ; Stidwell-street ; Hog-lane ; 
 Monmouth-street ; Seven Dials, and its antient Ditch, called Cock and Pye 
 Ditch ; Boivl Yard ; South Side of St. Giles' s-street ; Shorfs Gardens ; 
 Bro'wnlo'w-street, Sgc. — Division II — Aldewych East — Lewknor' s-lane ; Coal 
 Yard ; Parker' s-lane ; Great and Little Queen-streets ; Newton-street and 
 St. Thomas' s-street. — Division III—(''Campo de Aldewych," or Oldwick 
 Close J — Holford Family, and their Gift of Estate here to Poor ; Buildings 
 on, and Inhabitants in Reign of Charles I, with Account of Cockpit and 
 Phcenix Playhouses'; Weld, or Wild-street; Queen and Princes-streets; 
 Holford-court ; Cockpit-court, 8gc. — Division IV — ( Fikattesfeld and Land 
 next the Bars) — Antient State of, and Particulars as to, including Account 
 of Lincoln' s-Inn Fields, and of Holborn, Whetstone's Park, <§r. — 
 Division V — (Bloomsbury West,) — Account ofPitaunce Croft, and other antient 
 
 , Estates on, and of Streets, 8^c. subsequently built on their Sites, viz. Bainbridge 
 and Buckridge-streets ; Church-street ; Dyot-street ; Plumtree and Charlotte- 
 streets, <§r. — Division VI— C Bloomsbury East,) — Origin of the Name of 
 " Bloomsbury," and Account of, and of the Streets, S^r. built on, viz. Great 
 Russel-street, and noble mansions there ; Bloomsbury -square and Market 'y 
 Kingsgate, Southampton, and other Streets. 
 
 SOUTH SIDE.— DIVISION FIRST. 
 
 From Towns-end to Aldewych West. 
 
 THIS portion of the parish commenced at its western extremity with the First divi- 
 hospital of St. Giles, or rather with the highway or lane which ran under its ?'""' !'*',"' 
 
 o ./ bounded. 
 
 walls, formerly called Hog-lane, but denominated in antient records Old- 
 street, or Oldestrate, and sometimes Eldestrate ; and the old way (" veteri vico") 
 being the great thoroughfare from the north, by Tottenhall, now Tottenham 
 
 Court 
 
112 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Hospital and 
 its precincts. 
 
 Marshland, 
 its antient 
 owners, &c. 
 
 Court Road, to Westminster ; and was of the extent, and bounded as has 
 been just described. It contained the Marshland, or Merslade ; Newlond, and 
 Aldewych, west. 
 
 Marshland, or Le Merslade. 
 
 Of the hospital, which occupied much of this tract, a full account has been 
 given. The part of its estates about to be described lay immediately behind 
 it, being divided from the hospital itself, by the road or way called Le Lane, 
 and comprehended the whole of the ground since covered by the Seven Dials 
 and its neighbourhood. It is called in very old deeds " Merslade," and " Le 
 Meryslade," apparently contractions for Meres-land ; and in later documents 
 Marshland, and the Marshlands ; names probably given it from the antient 
 iiature of the "soil, which if not originally a mere or lake, was, as has been 
 noticed, certainly wet and marshy ( " ). 
 
 Ralph de Septem Fontibz, master of St. Giles's hospital, was either in his 
 own right, or that of the charity he presided over, lord of the fee of Mers- 
 lade ; under whom held as tenants, Herbert de Redermere, (the hospital cook,) 
 Robert le Harriere and wife, under tenants to the said Herbert ; Peter, the 
 son of Richard Anime ; Roger Kimbe, and Roger the son of Alan. By these 
 tenants various grants were subsequently made to other persons, or to the 
 hospital, the latter of which previously to the suppression possessed the whole 
 of Marshland. Only one house is mentioned as standing on this spot at 
 the above early period (reign of Edw. I,) which, by the description of it, 
 seems to have been a house of public entertainment. This building was released, 
 21 Edw. I, by its owner, Herbert de Redermere, to the hospital, under the 
 name of " all that messuage with its appurtenances, situate in the parish of the 
 " said hospital, called Le Croshe Hose." Mention is made in a second deed of 
 the time, of a rent-charge from land adjoining ; and in other instruments, 
 of land and a garden, but without noticing houses ; though it seems very pro- 
 bable, that most of the small portions of land transferred, had cottages attached, 
 particularly those termed " gardens." 
 
 Le 
 
 (") Merslade antiently extended beyond " were," signifies a boundary mark, as also a 
 
 " Old-street," into the fields of Westminster, lake, and migiit either be descriptive of its 
 
 where it joined another piece of land of the circumscribing the parish that way, or allude 
 
 same nature, called " Longmere," (as see to the wet and marshy situation of the spot, 
 chap. II. " Boundaries.") The termination 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF-TOWN'S END— ALDEWYCH WEST. ixa 
 
 Le Newelond, or Nexvland, 
 
 Seems from the best information that can be gained of it, to have been a Newland, 
 piece of land which separated the eastern end of Marshland from the west conjectures 
 side of Aldewych ; and might have been so called as having been then newh/ named, 
 drained and recovered from the Marshlands, a continuation of which it antiently 
 formed ; or it might have been so denominated from some possessor of the 
 name of Newe, whose land it originally was, as the land of the Dispensers or 
 Spencers, in this parish, was called " Le Spencer's Landj" the land of William 
 Blemund, " Blemund's Land." &c. It is only once mentioned among the 
 hospital grants in a deed of gift dated in the reign of Henry III, by which John 
 Cobbe grants to John the son of Walian, " all his land in Aldewych, called 
 " Neweland." This description barely gives us an idea of its situation, nor 
 have we any other notice of it until the reign of Henry VIII, when as has been 
 stated, it was granted with the close of land called Marshland, and other the 
 hospital possessions, to lord Lisle ; and is in the licence to convey to Wymond 
 Carewe, (subsequently granted,) further described among other premises, as 
 " one close called, Le Newelond," containing twenty acres. (') A plot of land 
 on this site is described in a deed of feoffment, dated 10.54, as " a parcel of 
 land called Noselings," which was probably this same ground, with the name 
 thus strangely corrupted. 
 
 Le Pole Close, Conduit Close, and Le Lane, all portions of ground belonging 
 to this division, will be found mentioned in the account of the hospital. 
 
 • Aldexcych West. 
 
 . Aldewych, was the name antiently given to that land, to a certain extent, Aldewych 
 which lay on both sides of the highway of Aldewych, or Drury-lane. The ^■^^ old ^il- 
 appellation appears to be a compound of the Saxon Aid-old, and ivt/ck, a village, lane' so called 
 and plainly indicates that the spot was inhabited before the Conquest, and ^"tiently. 
 probably gave origin to the village of St. Giles's itself ('). The part of it 
 comprehended in the present division was its west side, which we have distin- 
 guished by the denomination of " Aldewych West," being bounded by the 
 
 Via 
 
 • (*) The termination Wyck, or Wych, is (') In this quantity of acres, and under 
 still partly retained in the name of the pre- the name of Newland, probably much of 
 sent " Wych-street," which formed the Aldewych West, (next described) was then 
 south east end of Drury-lane, or the antient included. 
 
 Viade Aldewych, I. e. Aldewyph Road. . 
 
 or 
 
lu /: ' st: GILES'S parish. 
 
 Via regia de Aldewych on the east ; Newland, just described, on the west ; the 
 the land of the abbots of Westminster, now Long Acre, on the south, and the 
 Strata Sci Egidij on the north. 
 
 In the reigns of John and Henry III, this land was of the fee of St. Giles's 
 hospital, and Ralph, and Serlo de Wenningtone or Wenningtun ; the part be- 
 longing to the latter being called in old deeds " Socha, or Soc* de Wenningtone." 
 About which time, it was tenanted by John de Cruce (' ); under whom held 
 Hugh Faber (the smith,) Juliana de Leycester, Dom' Henry Cales (chaplain,) 
 John de Garderoba, William le Chandeler, and others. 
 Smith's forge The corner, or north-west end of Drury-lane, presented at the above remote 
 of Drury-" ^^^^ *^^ rural appearance of a country smith's forge, the situation and neigh- 
 lane, bourhood of which are circumstantially described in a grant of the time, by 
 which the said John de Cruce demises to Hugh, the smith, " all that his land 
 situate at the angle or corner formed by the meeting of the two streets, whereof 
 the one comes from St. Giles's, and is called Strata Sci Egidij ; and the other 
 goes towards the Thames by the Jorge of the said Hugh, and is called Aldewych. 
 And which land begins on the east part of the said corner, and stretches west- 
 wards towards the hospital of St. Giles's ; and again beginning at the said 
 corner or forge, and facing the Spring (*), extends southwards towards the 
 Thames, in a line with the street called Aldewych, by the garden of Roger, 
 Early dwel- the son of Allan." Adjoining De Cruce's land, of which the above premises 
 thefr'ow^ners fom^ed part, were the messuage and ground of Juliana de Leycester, of Robert 
 near to. \q Chandeler, &c. ; and also in the same division, " five cottages with curti- 
 lages," which were granted by their owner John de Garderoba (') to the 
 hospital. Certain houses, the number not mentioned, of Sir Henry le Cales, 
 styled Capellanus, described in the grant as being situate at the north-west 
 comer of Aldewych, or rather Newland ; and a messuage of John de Watynge, 
 situate to the eastward of the above. Roger the son of Allan, had also a garden 
 here, as well as another on the Marshland, opposite, of which, and of the fore- 
 going premises, more particular descriptions will be found amongst the hospital 
 deeds. 
 
 From 
 
 (') Or of the cross; probably derived with water, and the situation of which has 
 
 from his residence near Aldewych cross. been before described. 
 
 Secttccountof ('*)"Fontem Communem," (') Or keeper of the wardrobe, to An- 
 
 hutpitai, the common spring or fountain thony Bee, bishop of Durham. See ac- 
 
 « "P- "• which supplied the parishioners count of hospital. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— ALDEWYCH WEST. US 
 
 From the period iust treated of, until the dissolution of the hospital, few Alterations 
 alterations took place m this part of the parish. Un that event, ana tne i„ reign of 
 transfer of the hospital estates, the numerous messuages and small garden Elizabeth, 
 plots on it disappeared. This will be seen by referring to the plan of the 
 PARISH in the reign of Elizabeth, and comparing it with the preceding one of 
 it in its " ANTiENT STATE." From these, the decrease in the population will 
 be apparent. For though in the precincts inclosed by the hospital walls 
 additional residences may be observed, yet the adjoining tracts of ground 
 appear nearly destitute of dwellings. On the Marshland not a single house is 
 to be seen, and only a few scattered habitations on the St. Giles's-street or 
 Aldewych. The land both here and in the greater part of the parish, as has 
 been before noticed, having returned to mere pasture. 
 
 About the year 1600, the whole north side of the hospital wall had given Houses in 
 way to a row of houses ; and between that date and 1623, there had arisen ^gfj^'^^j^j, 
 from Drury-lane to the extremity, or east end of this row, (called in the Assess- &c. 
 ment Book, " the south side of the towne to the church,") forty-seven houses, 
 exclusively of six courts or alleys branching from them into Aldewych West, 
 all of which ground was until nearly that time unbuilt on. And at Town's 
 End, which lay to the west of the church, there are enumerated thirty-eight 
 housekeepers, besides those in Rose and Crown Yard, on the same site, which 
 amounted to eleven more('). In each of these places, though denominated 
 yards and alleys, were at this time parishioners of great respectability, judging 
 from the sums they are rated at and their numerous domestics ; Midle Rowe, 
 one of the new built places, was in particular, well inhabited ('). Marshland 
 was built on much later, and then only partially, as was most part of Alde- 
 wych 
 
 ■ (") The names of the several courts, &c. (^) It seems difficult to fix the situation 
 
 alluded to, with the number of their inha- of what was at this time called "Midle 
 
 bitants, as stated in tlie assessment, are as Row," but it stood very near „ j(;j;^ jj„„ » 
 
 follow : — the church, and probably from conjecture as to 
 
 „ , . ... -jji r .u tt« situation. 
 
 Houselieepers, Its name, ni the middle or the 
 Paviours-alley ----- 35 High-street, like the other rows, or clusters 
 
 Black Beare-yard - - - - 29 of houses, still existing in the midst of the 
 
 Greyhounde-alley - - - - 10 main streets of St. Giles's and Holboin, and 
 
 Swanne-alley ----- 35 which are so called from their situation. 
 
 Canter's-alley ----- 32 
 Town's End, and Rose and Crown- 
 yard as before. 
 Midle Rowe ----- 26 
 
 Q2 • 
 
116 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Places first 
 built on, viz. 
 Rose and 
 Crown Yard. 
 
 Dudley- 
 court. 
 
 Lloyd's- 
 court. 
 
 Dudley- 
 court, 
 Lloyd's- 
 court, &c. 
 
 wych west itself. We shall endeavour to trace the gradual formation of neigh- 
 bourhoods on each of these spots. 
 
 To begin with the western extremity of this division, or that part of the 
 hospital site called Town's End : — This name was given to tlie angle antiently 
 forming the termination of the hospital garden, and consisted of the buildings 
 running from thence down St. Giles's-street eastwards to the church, including 
 part of the north-east end of Hog-lane or Crown-street, and the Rose and 
 Crown Yard, as well as the spots on which Denmark-street, and Dudley and 
 Lloyd's Courts, were afterwards built. The place in this district earliest men^ 
 tioned, and with which it commenced, was 
 
 Rose and Crown Yard. — This court or yard, but recently destroyed, pro- 
 bably derived its name, from the Crown public-house which stood at th$ 
 corner of Hog-lane or Crown-street, near its entrance, and which sign still 
 continues. Besides other respectable parishioners who resided here in 1623^ 
 was Mr. alderman Bigg, churchwarden when the church was rebuilt, and who 
 probably carried on there some manufacturing or mercantile concern of import- 
 ance, as nine male servants are enumerated on his establishment. Of late days, 
 this place was called Farmer's Rents, and inhabited by tenants of the lowest 
 description, but has been rebuilt, though not much improved either in the 
 respectability of its appearance or inhabitants. ; 
 
 Dudley Court — Obviously took its name from the duchess Dudley, whose 
 house stood near its site, and was erected on the site of the house and garden 
 devised by that lady as a residence for the rector of the parish for the time 
 being, who still receives the rents and profits of the premises there. It is an 
 obscure thoroughfare, entirely inhabited by poor people. The rectorial house, 
 called the White House, will be found described hereafter. 
 
 Lloyd's Court — Probably named from its builder, is a passage to the south- 
 west of the church, and is conjectured by Maitland to occupy the site of the 
 hospital mansion, which after the dissolution was converted into the residence 
 of lord Lisle, and was subsequently inhabited by duchess Dudley and lord 
 Wharton. Shelton's charity-school (an establishment we shall hereafter notice,) 
 has been newly erected in this court. 
 
 Denmark-Street — " Fronts," says Strype, " St. Giles's church, and falls 
 into Hog-lane; a fair broad street with good houses, well inhabited by gentry. 
 On the back side of this street is Dudley Court, which falls into Hog-lane, 
 and hath a passage into the said street. Lloyd's Court, or rather alley, paved 
 
 with 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— ALDEWYCH WKST. tl7 
 
 » 
 
 with freestone, is parted from Denmark-street by the lord Wharton's house 
 and garden, which front St. Giles's church on the west side." This street was 
 not entirely built on so late as the year 1687, as will be seen from the docu- 
 ment quoted below ('). It is at present a handsome and uniform street, filled 
 with dwellings of the better sort. Hogarth has given a degree of celebrity 
 to this street, by making it, and the adjoining Hog lane, the scene of one of Hogarth's 
 his set of prints called, " TheFonr Times of the Day." Lord Wharton's ofthrDay."* 
 residence, mentioned to have stood at the corner of this street, will be found 
 described under the head of " Distinguished Buildings." 
 
 On the south and east parts of the hospital site, the progress of building for South side of 
 some years appears to have been but slow. Mr. Abraham Speckart, and Mr. °*^"* ^^^' 
 Breade, (two eminent parishioners of the reigns of James I, and Charles I,) 
 had residences and grounds here, and afterwards sir Richard Stiddolph. Mr. 
 Speckart, from his premises, gave a piece of ground to enlarge the church- 
 yard, which was subsequently further added to, by purchasing of a slip of sir 
 Richard Stiddolph's garden. These seem to have been almost the only inha- 
 bitants at the time on this spot('). The streets and places that arose after- 
 wards on it, are as follow : — 
 
 Stidwell-Stkeet. — Strype (Survey of London, I72O) says of this, and the 
 
 adjoining 
 
 (' ) By indenture made 1687, between tioned toft of waste ground (20 feet broad 
 
 the hon. Fran' Compton, &c. it was agreed in front, and 80 feet six inches deep.) Two 
 
 Indenture 1667 to ^^'vide amongst certain per- newly erected messuages, abutting upon 
 
 as to Compton- SOUS therein named, the pre- Denmark-street, north, upon the garden 
 
 ttreet,<^c. mises Under mentioned, with all of Lord Wharton, south; upon a fourth 
 
 improvements made or to be made there- piece of unbuilt ground east ; and west 
 
 upon, viz. " a messuage lately built by upon another messuage adjoining to LorcJ 
 John Sorett, carpenter, abutting on St. . Wharton's garden ; together with the last- 
 
 Giles's-street towards the east, and on the mentioned messuage, &c. being in the whole 
 
 church passage leading from Dudley- fourteen messuages and four tofts of unbuilt 
 
 court towards the west ; also two other mes- ground."— ^^. B. Of this estate, in 1725, the 
 
 suages held by Thomas Rathbone, carpen- celebrated Bishop Hough was trustee. See 
 
 ter, abutting in part upon Sorett's messuage, more of Rathbone, in the biographical part 
 
 upon Denmark-street, and St. Giles's com- of this work. 
 
 mon street, towards the south and east; and (') In a scarce ground plan of London, 
 
 upon ai piece of ground, then unbuilt on, to- published after the fire of 1666, the north 
 
 ■Wards the north. The last-mentioned piece side of the hospital site only, appears built 
 
 of unbuilt ground of Thomas Rathbone ; and on, the back, or south side, being all laid 
 
 another toft of w«6mj7^ ground, abutting upon out as gardens. See above, 
 that westward, together with the last-inea- 
 
llg 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Stacie-street, 
 Kendrick- 
 yard, Vine- 
 gar-yard, 
 Phoenix- 
 street, &c. 
 
 Most inha- 
 bited by 
 French in 
 1720. 
 
 Mr. Kend- 
 rick. 
 
 Hon. Sir 
 
 Francis 
 
 Compton. 
 
 Crown- 
 street, for- 
 merly Hog- 
 lane. 
 
 adjoining thoroughfares soon after they were built, " Stidwell-street, very 
 ordinary both for buildings and inhabitants. This place crosseth Stacie- 
 STKEET, thence falleth into Kendrick Yard, and so into St. Giles's by the 
 church. Out of Stidwell-street is Vinegar Yard, which leadeth into Ph(enix- 
 STREET, butting on Hog-lane against the French Church, and runs down to 
 the back side of St. Giles's church-yard, where there is a little passage into 
 Lloyd's Court ; and out of this place there is a passage, without a name, into 
 MoNMOUTH-sTREET. About the middle of which is a passage into Stidwell- 
 street. All these streets and places are very meanly built, and as ordinarily 
 inhabited, the greatest part by French, and of the poorer sort." The proper 
 name of this street (now New Compton-street) was Stiddoljph-street, being so 
 called from sir Richard Stiddolph just mentioned, to whom Charles lid made 
 a demise of the whole of the adjoining Marshland, as will be noticed under 
 that article, and whose house and gardens (the latter afterwards called Brown's 
 Gardens) occupied the site. " Stidwell-street, between Hog-lane, near south- 
 west, and Kendrick's Yard by St. Giles's church, north," says the New View 
 of London, I7O8, " is one hundred and thirty yards long." The Kendrick 
 Yard mentioned, stood at the north-west end of this street, and was so deno- 
 minated from its owner or builder, Mr. Kendrick, an eminent parishioner and 
 Vestryman in the reign of Charles II. New Compton-street, formerly Stidwell 
 or Stiddolph-street, was erected by a Mr. Heath and other builders, on ground 
 belonging to Theodore Henry Broadhead, esq. and was probably renamed 
 from the hon. sir Francis Compton, just noticed, who built Old Compton. 
 street, of which this is a continuation. This, with the before enumerated 
 places, and some minor passages connected with them, all occupy the site of 
 the hospital and its grounds. 
 
 HoG-LANE^Has been before mentioned as being the " Eldestrate," or 
 " Old-street, " of the antient deeds. The origin of its name of Hog-lane, does 
 not appear. The reason of its being since called Crown-street, has been ex- 
 plained in the preceding account of Rose and Crown Yard. The buildings in 
 this street appear generally of the same age with those in Denmark-street, and 
 other parts of the neighbourhood. 
 
 Monmouth-Street — Antiently called " Le Lane," and with the above, 
 once surrounding the south and west sides of the hospital, is asserted ('°) to 
 
 have 
 
 ('°) By Mr. Pennant, in his account of London. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— MARSHLAND, &c. lig 
 
 have been so named in compliment to the unfortunate James duke of Mon- Duke of 
 mouth, who had a house in the adjacent Soho-square. This street has been 
 long famous as a mart for second-hand apparel, and as such is often noticed Monmouth- 
 in works of wit and humour ; but for several years past, it has been occupied forTheTafe of 
 chiefly by venders of inferior new articles of dress, old shoes, &c. In second-hand 
 this, as well as in some other parts of the parish, the custom of living ' 
 
 in cellars is still kept up, a peculiarity for which St. Giles's was long noted. 
 Many instances of the old superstitious practice of affixing horse-shoes on the 
 door-thresholds to prevent the entrance of witches, may still be observed here. 
 Strype says, " since the new buildings have been made on the south side, i. e. 
 * Seven Dials,' it is much improved }" but since Strype's time, it has again 
 degenerated. 
 
 Seven Dials. — This neighbourhood, formerly the Marshlands, and after- 
 wards Cock and Pye Fields, remained as late as the year 1666 a piece of waste 
 ground, and in plans of London of that date, is so shown ; its south, north, and 
 west sides, being encompassed with a ditchy and its eastern end walled in. It 
 was then called " St. Gyles' Fielde." It was soon after begun to be built 
 on in a straggling manner, but was not laid out in the regular way we now 
 see it, until 1693. Its antient history has been noticed. In the reign of 
 Henry VIII, it probably had not a single house on it, though it formerly 
 boasted of some buildings, being mentioned in the exchange with that prince, 
 simply as " one close of land called Marssheland." It was according to a 
 roll in the Augmentation Office, 4 Gul. et Marie, " By the most serene lord 
 Charles II, by his letters patent under the great seal of England, bearing date 
 the 30th day of August, in the 24th year of his reign, demised and granted 
 to one Richard Stydolfe, knight and baronet, for the considerations in same gj^ Richard 
 letters patent specified ; to hold same, except always reserved to the king and ^tydohe. 
 his successors all great trees, 'woods, underwoods, mines, quarries, &c. unto 
 the said Richard Stydolfe, his executors, &c. from the 12th day of March, 
 1685, for the term of 60 years, paying therefore yearly at the Exchequer the 
 rent of sixty pence per annum." Thomas Neale, esq. obtained a grant from Thomas 
 the Crown of this land after sir Richard Stidolph, as appears by letters patent ^^''''^' "jf*!- 
 (2 Gul. et Mariae,) reciting the former letters patents to Stidolph, by which Marshland 
 the said king and queen did give and grant unto Geoffery Woodward, at the *°" 
 nomination of the said Thomas Neale, " all that close of land called 
 Marshland, in the parish of St. Gyles-in-the-Fields, being parcel of the 
 
 manor 
 
120 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Supposed first 
 building on 
 Marshland. 
 
 Conjectures 
 as to when 
 first called 
 " Cock and 
 Pye Fields." 
 
 Cock and 
 Pye Ditch. 
 
 manor of St. James-xn-the-Fields, and all and singular houses. Sec. ; to hold from 
 the 12th of March, 1731, for the term of 18 years." And 1st July, 1692, 
 another grant by letters patent was made of the inheritance of the said pre- 
 mises to James Ward, esq. at the nomination of Neale, by the further descrip- 
 tion of " all that close of land called Marshland, in the parish of St. Giles-in- 
 the-Fields, formerly in the tenure or occupation of George Sutton." 
 
 The first building to any extent, it is probable, took place here on the demise 
 being made to sir Richard Stiddolph, before which time the land, as just 
 noticed, was pasture, and unbuilt on. In the reservations of the grant, trees, 
 underwoods, &c. are enumerated accordingly without any mention of houses. 
 A more decisive evidence however of the fact, is the various entries in the 
 parish books, relative to houses and inhabitants on this site in the reign of 
 Charles 11, and afterwards, while in the assessment of 1623, no mention of 
 either occurs. 
 
 At what time the Marshland came to be called Cock and Pye Fields, a name 
 which it received from the neighbouring public-house of the Cock and Pye, 
 does not certainly appear. It could not be long before the erection of houses 
 on it, as the appellation is only to be met with, for the first time in the parish 
 books, after 1666. In 1647, the great ditch by which the field was enclosed, 
 (afterwards so often noticed under the name of Cock and Pye Ditch,) is men- 
 tioned in the vestry minutes as a ditch merely. But after 1666, repeated 
 notice is taken of it by the description of " the Ditch at Cock and Pye 
 Fields," and " Cock and Pye Ditch," and of its being a public nuisance, 
 which it continued to be until arched over ; an event, which as materially 
 connected with the progress of building on the spot, and elucidatory of other 
 local particulars, demands a separate account, and will be found further noticed 
 
 below ("). 
 
 On 
 
 (") Churchwardens accounts; "1647 P'''^ 
 the officers who warned us down to West- 
 minster about the drayne be- 
 
 Churchwaraens -nr ^ • . i »«^ 
 
 accounuatto tween Mr. Spcckarts and Mr. 
 Cock a«d Pj,e Breadc's ditches." The ditches 
 OX these two parishioners, or 
 whom mention has been before made, was 
 that part of the Cock and Pye Ditch, and 
 its continuation, which separated the Marsh- 
 land from the south side of the hospital, 
 jMr. Speckart's house being situated at the 
 
 back of the churchyard, into which he was 
 allowed to have a door of entry from his 
 premises. Mr. Breade was his next door 
 neighbour. The second entry as to this 
 ditch, and in whicli its situation is first 
 named, is a payment in 1666 to " counsel 
 to move the comiiirs to grant a respite of 
 time upon certain p'^sentments against 
 the ^isshioners, concerning the ditch at 
 Cock and Pye Fields :" and a third entry in 
 1669 expressly stales, £.0.6. 1. 2. to be 
 
 paid 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— COCK AND PYE DITCH. 
 
 121 
 
 On arching over this ditch, which was preparatory to building there, the When arched 
 Seven Dials was began to be erected by certain builders to whom the ground ' 
 
 was 
 
 paid " about the indictment at Cock and 
 Pye ditch." The following entries from the 
 vestry minntes, &c. contain a regular history 
 of it from this period until arched over: — 
 
 1670, " it was ordered by vestry, that the 
 suit depending between Mr. Pargiter and 
 CochandPye the king, Concerning Cock and 
 Ditch, 4-c. en. p Yi\id\, should be carried on 
 
 trits m parish J ^ ' 
 
 books as to. at the parish charge. But that 
 it should be no p'sident for the future to 
 compel the rest of the inhabitants, other 
 than those of the Old Town, whose water 
 current passeth that way, to be contributory 
 thereto." 
 
 The ditch being prosecuted at the suit of 
 the crown as a public nuisance, it was 
 agreed to make application the following 
 year for permission to turn the course of it 
 into the " great Southam|)ton sewer," by 
 the following minute : — 
 
 1671, " a certain watercourse, formerly 
 passing within the parish of St. Martin-in- 
 the Fields from certain grounds there,which 
 about fifteen years ago was by one Philip 
 Wyans conveyed from its usual course into 
 a ditch or sewer lying within the said parish 
 of St. Giles-in-the-Fields (Cock and Pye 
 Ditch,) for which priviledge he usually paid 
 £.53 year to the gardiner or occupier of 
 the garden belonging to Sir Richard Stid- 
 • One Brown, dolph,* which is bounded by 
 from whom they the said sewer. Which drain 
 
 tsere afterwards , • r 1 r 
 
 called "Brown's bemg found ot great inconve- 
 gardens." nicnce to St. Giles's parish, the 
 
 said Wyans agrees within a week to turn the 
 said drain to its former course ; and it ap- 
 pearing from the report of surveyors and 
 others, to be best to carry the water out of the 
 Southampton said highway into the great sewer 
 
 sewer. called SOUTHAMPTON SeWER, 
 
 in Holbourn, application to be made to the 
 commissioners of Scotland Yard for their 
 assistance to carry on said work." 
 
 " At a session of sewers held at West- 
 minster, isCar. II, for the surveying and 
 amending the sewers, streames, 5^^.^,, „j ,^^,„^ 
 ditches, watercourses, &c. within inquisition 13 
 the limitts extending from '"'' ' 
 (amongst other places) St. Giles-in-tiie- 
 FiELDs, and Marybone to Westminster,and 
 soe to the river of Thames. At an inquisi- 
 tion taken, it appeared, that from time 
 whereof the memory of man was not to the 
 contrary, there had been and then was an 
 antient and coinon ditch, sewer, and water- 
 course within the parish of St. Martin-in- 
 the-Fields, extending from a certaine place 
 there called Aipe-streete, to a certaine place 
 there called the White Hart Inn ; and soe 
 to the river Thames ;" but " that certaine 
 persons," (in the said inquisition named,) 
 " the comon p'fitt or publique good little 
 regarding or weighing, but their owne pe- 
 culierand priuate advantage and p'fitt onely 
 minding," — "had builtcertainenew buildings 
 of brick, morter, plastering, board and other 
 raaterialls, over and above the said antient 
 and common sewer, 8cc. whereby y« same 
 was stopped, and the king's highway there 
 neare Charing Crosse, and the royall pallace 
 of o"" soveraigne the king, of Whitehall, 
 there situate, was very much overflowed 
 w"' water, and become exceeding miry, 
 dirty, and dangerous for the royal pson of 
 o' sovereigne lord the king, and all his 
 leige people." It was adjudged that the 
 inhabitants of St. Martin's ought to amend 
 same ; and said persons so having built, &c. 
 were severally fined 20 s. each. 
 
 And it further appearing, that as well the 
 said, and o' sewers, as the " sewers, ditches, 
 watercourses. Sec. issuing from the parish of 
 St. Giles-in-the-Fields, and part of 
 Covent Garden, and descending into and 
 upon his ma"" said pallace of Whitehall 
 were stopped and choaked up w"' mire, 
 R din 
 
im 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 was leased by its owner, Thomas Neale, in whom the fee of the Marshland 
 was then vested. It received the name of " Seven Dials" from the form of 
 
 laying 
 
 dirt, and sand ; and were otherwise insuffi- 
 cient to carry away the water, by reason of 
 the greate and extraordinary inundacions of 
 water." 
 
 A new sewer was ordered to be made 
 from the corner of Pall Mall field to the 
 said White Hart Inn at Hartshorn-lane, to 
 fall into the Thames ; and two new sewer 
 grates to be placed in St. Martin's-lane, one 
 at the back of the Swanne Inn, and the 
 other at a place called the Hand and Pen, 
 in the same lane, " for the receiving and 
 intercepting of the water w'"" continu- 
 ally runs and descends from St. Giles-in- 
 the-Fields, and Covent Garden, to the said 
 royall pallace of Whitehall." And a rate of 
 sixpence in the pound was made on the in- 
 habitants of St. Giles, because, as it is 
 stated, " they ought to make good the old 
 sewers and drains, and to make new ones 
 when necessary." 
 
 The application here mentioned was 
 made preparatory to the great work of 
 arching the ditch over, which was began 
 soon after, and completed as to the St. 
 Giles's part ; but St. Martin's, and St. Paul's 
 Covent Garden, not showing the same readi- 
 ness to go on with their share of the work, a 
 survey was ordered to be made to ascertain 
 their right to do so. And the surveyor's re- 
 port not appearing to have had the intended 
 effect, of making those parishes proceed 
 with the business, indictments were or- 
 dered to be preferred against them, when the 
 work was soon after finished. The several 
 sums charged were, " to Philip Wyans as 
 Erpence of Undertaker of the ditch or 
 drayne for measured work done, 
 £. 183. y s. gd.; captain Kyder 
 and Mr. Woodhouse for surveying the work 
 £.10. 9s. 8d.) Joseph Girl for the drayne 
 at the Town's End £.37. 7 s. ; Mr. Wyans 
 over and above what the drayne came to by 
 
 cietiningf ^-c. 
 Cock and Pye 
 Ditch. 
 
 measure, towards the carpenter's and smith'a 
 bill, £. 23. 13 s. 4 d." To these were added 
 other charges for " digging the crosse 
 dreyne, nine rods ; digging the sewers across 
 the road, sixteen rods ; digging up the pa- 
 rish stones, and heaping them up together ; 
 making up a mud wall at the end of the 
 sewer to keep upp the ground ; making a 
 bridge with two posts and a rayle, over by 
 Brown's the gardiner;" and " to the 
 woman that rented Pargiter's ground foi 
 throwing the dirt there." 
 
 It seems probable, from some of the 
 items in this account, that the whole of the 
 Cock and Pye Ditch was not j,i,ch not whoUy 
 at this time arched over, not orched over. 
 only on account of the smallness of the 
 charge for so great and expensive an under- 
 taking, but from the circum- a bridge to eroM 
 stance of a bridge with two «'• 
 posts and a hand rail, being erected over 
 that part of the north side which lay by 
 Brown's gardens. The fact seems to be, 
 that the whole of the ditch was cleansed, aa 
 well that part which was in St. Giles's as 
 the adjoining parishes, and the west side of 
 the ditch by Hog-lane, arched, but that 
 the other sides, or such of them as were 
 least exposed, remained open till the build- 
 ing of the Seven Dials. As evidence of 
 this, a vestry minute, anno 1681, directs, " at 
 the request of the inhabitants of Cock and 
 Pye Fields, that they of their own charge, be 
 allowed to make a door in the churchyard 
 
 wall out of Cock and Pye Fields Causeway from, 
 
 to come that way to church, by ""'' '» <^hurch. 
 and through an entry there left ; and that 
 they of their own cost, either gravel a cause- 
 reaij for people to pass that way across the 
 churchyard, or pay the churchwardens two 
 guineas towards doing the same," which 
 plainly indicates that the north side of the 
 ditch was then unfinished, and the ground 
 
 about 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— COCK AND PYE DITCH. 
 
 123 
 
 laying out the site, whereby seven streets were made to meet at a centre, 
 where was a pillar having seven dials ("). Till this column was put up, 
 it was called the " Seven Streets," according to the " New View of London," 
 which work informs us, that at the time of its publication (I7O8,) only j^wr 
 out of the seven streets were built. Mr. Evelyn, in an entry in his Diary Mention of 
 (5th Oct. 169'^,) notices the progress of building here in the following jn Evelyn's 
 -" I went to see the building near St. Giles's, where seven ^^^U- 
 
 memorandum :- 
 
 about it not yet drained, the inhabitants 
 being allowed to gravel a causeway to come 
 to church over Brown's bridge. 
 
 The course of Cock and Pye Ditch is 
 still to be traced with sufficient accuracy' in 
 Course of the the present common sewer, and 
 ditch. yf\]\ be found to have taken, 
 
 on its eastern side, a direction nearly pa- 
 rallel with King-street, whence it ran as far 
 as the corner of Castle-street, dividing 
 Cock and Pye Fields on that side from 
 Newland, &c. Its southeixi side described 
 a line along the centre of Castle-street, 
 where it turned up in the direction of Mon- 
 mouth-street, and so to the eastern side by 
 King-street again, thus encompassing the 
 whole field. 
 
 The watercourse described in the pre- 
 ceding inquisition (13 Car. II,) as passing 
 from St. Martin's to Whitehall, ran in the 
 direction of Little St. Martin's-lane to- 
 wards Westminster, and received the water 
 of Cock and Pye Ditch. The drain that 
 Philip Wyans the contractor conveyed from 
 its usual course (which passed from certain 
 grounds in St. Martin's parish, and which 
 he for five pounds a year was allowed to 
 turn into Cock and Pye Ditch,) was pro- 
 bably some lesser watercourse that emptied 
 itself about the west end of Monmouth- 
 street, by Brown's gardens, which were 
 bounded by the sewer. When it was de- 
 termined to arch over such part of the ditch 
 as we have seen, to facilitate the communi- 
 cation with Westminster (the water being 
 
 streets 
 
 most troublesome in that road), it was con- 
 sidered " the most convenient way and 
 cheapest, for securing and making good the 
 highway leading from the Cock and Pye to 
 the boundary posts, to carry the water out of 
 the highway into Southampton sewer in 
 Holborn " (which receives Blemund's diche 
 also). In 1670 the soil from the cleansing 
 of the ditch was removed from Cock and 
 Pye Fields. In 1671 the ditch was partly 
 arched over, and in 1681 the inhabitants on 
 the spot increasing in consequence of this 
 improvement, were allowed to gravel a cause- 
 way to go to church, the soil there, where 
 the ditch was not arched, being still wet 
 and marshy. 
 
 From the junction of Holborn, Drury- 
 lane. Broad-street, and Bow-street, the water 
 descends in three different directions, viz. 
 from Broad-street and Bow-street, westward 5 
 from Drury-lane, southward; and from Hol- 
 born, eastward. Blemund's diche falls into 
 Southampton sewer about Southampton- 
 street, and crosses Holborn, where it receives 
 the water from the sewer which runs along 
 that street ; and, as it should seem, proceeds 
 across " Spencer's dig," or a continuation of 
 it, to the ditch which separated Oklwick 
 Close from Fikattesfeld. 
 
 ('^) Or was intended to have that num- 
 ber. Some however say, it had but six 
 dials set up. This pillar (which was of the 
 Doric order) now ornaments the park of a 
 country gentleman. 
 
 n 2 
 
124 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 streets make a star ; from a Doric pillar placed in the middle of a circulaf 
 area, said to be built by Mr. Neale, introducer of the late lotteries, in 
 imitation of those at Venice, now set up here ; for himself twice, and now 
 one of ^.12,000, (q'' jg. 120,000?) for the state." We shall now detail, 
 from authentic documents, a few farther particulars as to the building on 
 this spot. 
 
 The first plot or angle of the Seven Dials built on, was that nearest St. Giles's 
 High-street ; being bounded on its three sides by King-street, Queen-street, 
 and St. Andrew-street. The whole of this portion of ground was let in 
 distinct slips according to the plan of it still remaining, each slip being suffi- 
 cient for the erection of a house, with space behind for a yard, for a term of 
 61 years. The leases are dated 1693. The principal builders were Selway 
 and Broadhurst. The pieces of land here, and in the other streets, are de- 
 scribed in one general manner, as " a piece or parcel of ground lying in, and 
 being parcel of the land commonly called Marshland ;" and the ground- 
 rents of the several pieces varied at from ^.7 to £.1[. \0s. per annum. 
 
 Ground-rent The aggregate ground-rent of all the houses on this portion was £.304!. 125. 
 
 Diabl^" per annum, which, with the ground itself, was purchased in 1731, by Moses 
 Scrafton, esq. for £€.6,853. 10s. from the trustees of James Joye, esq. the 
 then proprietor. The rents of the other streets varied. The rental of the 
 whole estate, per annum, was ^.2,039. 11*. A decay in most of the houses, 
 and the consequent introduction of low people, render it desirable that this 
 neighbourhood should be rebuilt. It has, however, still several respectable 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Cock and Pye Strype (1720) speaks of Cock and Pye Fields before they were built on, 
 
 stall.* ^ ^^ being used as a laystall for the parish : " on the west side of Bowl Yard 
 there was a place with building, called Cock and Pye Fields, which was 
 made use of for a laystall for the soil of the streets, but of late built into 
 several handsome streets, with a dyal placed in the midst." This neigh.i 
 bourhood is well known to have been, soon after its erection, the residence 
 of the French Refugees, who fled to this country from the persecution of 
 Lewis XIV. 
 
 " Neale's Court" here, still preserves the name of Neale, the lessor of the 
 estate. It is described as " a passage called Neale's Court," in the first built 
 plot of houses } and is, but from that circumstance, in itself perfectly obscure and 
 
 inconsiderable. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— ALDEWYCtt WEST, &e. 125 
 
 inconsiderable ("). The names, and other particulars of the streets on this 
 site, which are to be found in most accounts of London, we forbear to speak of 
 
 BowLE Yard, &c. — This seems to have been one of the earliest places built 
 on Newland, or the slip of land dividing the Marshland from Aldewych west. 
 At first it was an open street, in part surrounded by houses ; one of which was 
 the sign of the Bowl, from which it took its name. It is now a narrow and Bowl public- 
 
 bouse* 
 
 indifferent thoroughfare, and is continued southward by a street little better, 
 called Belton-street, which, according to an inscription on a stone tablet set 
 up on one part of it, was erected in 1683, and which, from the age of the 
 houses and other depreciating circumsances, is but poorly inhabited. It has 
 various courts, yards, &c. branching from it, some of greater and others of less 
 antiquity. 
 
 In 1623, Bowl Yard, and an adjoining court called " Canter's Alley," 
 seem to have been the only places, or nearly so, built on this spot ; the rest 
 being mostly cultivated ground, and known by the name of " Great Garden." 
 The estate at this time belonged to a William Barber, who resided on it with 
 his family, and is mentioned among others in the assessment of that year as a 
 contributor to rebuilding the church. From him it passed to John Lamb, 
 who in 1654, conveyed it to Henry Stratton, with the buildings thereon, 
 described as " Eighteen messuages and two acres of garden ground, abutting 
 west, on a parcel of ground called Noselings (Newland,) south and east upon Newland, 
 other ground thereafter described, and north upon certain tenements and called "Nose- 
 garden plots, with a tenement attached j and also ten messuages, and four 
 small ditto, held by Edmond Laurence ; a chamber called the Gate House ; 
 the Boii'l public-house, and another public-house called the Black Lamb, all 
 of which were thentofore the inheritance of William Barber," &c. 
 
 Most of these tenements stood in Canter's Alley, of which the Edmond First build- 
 Laurence here mentioned, as well as Barber, were inhabitants in 1623. In *"S®''°- 
 1655, Henry Stratton reconveyed the whole of the premises to Thomas Blythe, 
 in consideration of ^.580 ; and in 1661, he by will, left the same estate then 
 
 described, 
 
 (") From Tho' Neale, part of the estate " deeds and writings relating to the title 
 
 of the Marshlands descended to James of James Joye, esq. to the land or close 
 
 Joye, who sold it, as just noticed, to Moses called Marshland in the parish of St. Giles- 
 
 Scrafton, for £.6,853. 105. as appears by in-ihe-Fields, &c. upon which is built the 
 
 " attested copy release of . Marshlands, Seven Dials, and several streets leading 
 
 Joye aad others to Scrafton." Also thereto, and neare adjoining." 
 
126 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 described, as situated in a place called " Bowl Yard and Great Garden,** 
 to his son Arthur, on consideration of his paying off £.1,500 worth of his 
 father's debts, which he afterwards did. And in 1680, the estate, which had 
 then undergone various alterations, as well as received additions of new build- 
 ings, was conveyed by Arthur Blythe for ^.2,100, in part, to William Wigg 
 and Thomas Whitfield, in trust for John Smallbone, being then described 
 to contain the following plots of ground, houses, &c. viz. " a piece of ground 
 80 feet long, and 72 and 64 feet broad, leased for 51 years from 1660, to 
 William Trigg, at £.5 a year, situate near the further end of Bowl Yard, 
 having built thereon eight tenements ;" " a second piece of ground with two 
 tenements on it, leased to the same," for a similar term, " at QOs. per annum, 
 abutting west on the shop and ground of John Edgal, cooper, and east on a 
 house and garden of Robert Piggot, gardiner ;" a third piece of ground, 
 186 feet long, with ten tenements on it, leased to Anthony Baskerfield, brick- 
 layer, situate at the further end of certain new buildings, erected by Arthur 
 Bowl Yard, Blythe in Bowl Yard, abutting north on ground of Robert Taylor, yeoman ( '*), 
 buiidinm on south on the garden and grounds of William Short, esq. and west on ground 
 of James Kendrick, gent. ('0 > a fourth piece of ground, with five tenements 
 on it, situate nearly as above ; a fifth piece of ground, with two tenements 
 thereon, leased to George Durant ; a sixth piece of ground or garden plot, leased 
 to Peter Pinson de la Fontaine, at the south end of the east side of Bowl Yard, 
 together with the said Fontaine's house, built with bricks, and containing a 
 cellar and three rooms, the one over the other, and a shed adjoining the same ; 
 a seventh piece of ground, on which were several tenements erected by Wil- 
 liam Taylor, with an adjoining piece of ground, on which were three tenements 
 situate in Bowl Yard, leased to Anthony Baskerfield ; a messuage containing 
 nine rooms and four cellars, over which was a room or chamber with a yard 
 and wash-house; and also " all that great garden ('*) attached, and inclosed with 
 a brick wall, being 118 feet deep, and 98 feet broad; and so much of the 
 great yard before the great door of the said messuage, as contained 65 feet in 
 length, 34 feet in depth, and two stables," &c. ; a piece of ground leased to John 
 
 Easton, 
 
 ('*) From whom "Taylor's Yard," going ( '*) " Gave name to Kendrick Yard, at 
 
 out of Bowl Yard into King-street, was the back of Monmouth-street. 
 afterwards named. This yard has long (") The present workhouse yard. . 
 been discontinued as a thoroughfare. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— ALDEWYCH WEST, &c. 127 
 
 Easton, situate in Shorfs Gardens^ abutting east on the house of captain 
 
 Whitcoinbe("), and south on the street or passage called Short's Gardens ; 
 
 the Black Lamb public house, containing nine rooms and a back yard, being Black Lamb. 
 
 80 feet in depth, and situate on the south side of the Old Town of St. Giles, 
 
 leading towards the church, leased to Judith Gunston, widow ; two messuages, 
 
 each containing three rooms, one over the other, situate fronting Sharpe's 
 
 Alley, near Bowl Yard ; a brick tenement adjoining the former on the 
 
 west, with a garden plot behind it ; a messuage in the gate of Sharpe's Sharpe's 
 
 Alley, containing a cellar, one low room, two rooms up one pair of stairs, ^^' 
 
 (whereof one is built over said alley,) one room up two pair of stairs, and a 
 
 garret, with a little yard and house of office on the other side of Bowl Yard, 
 
 opposite the sign of the Black Jack ; and three other messuages, all situate in Black Jack. 
 
 Bowl Yard aforesaid. 
 
 St. Giles's Street, (South Side). — This part of the boundary of Alde- 
 wych west was, as early as 1623, covered with various courts and alleys, as 
 Paviours Alley, Black Bear Yard, Greyhound Alley, Swanne Alley, Canter's 
 Alley, &c. which had been erected between that date and I6OO, when only a 
 few scattered dwellings' stood on the road side. Of the subsequent alterations 
 on this spot, viz. from 1654 to 1693, an account will be found in treating of 
 the workhouse, which occupies part of the site. A slight mention of these 
 places will suffice. Paviour's Alley, running on one side of Short's Gardens Paviours 
 into Drury-lane, nearly faces the Coal Yard. Thirty-five housekeepers are set ^^' 
 down as residents in it, in the assessment of 1623. It is at present a merely 
 insignificant passage, called Ragged Staff Court. " Black Beare Yard," in the Black Bear 
 same assessment, is reckoned to have thirty -nine housekeepers as contributors. ^ ' 
 It is mentioned again by name in 1639, in the vestry minutes, which contain 
 an order for the landlord of the Blacke Beare (the public-house from which the 
 yard was named) to cleanse a 'well there, which had become a nuisance, but it 
 is not afterwards mentioned in the parish books. Greyhounde Alley had ten Greyhound 
 housekeepers in 1623 ; it also received its name from a public-house on the ^^' 
 spot (the Greyhound,) and retained it, but with the politer addition of 
 " Court," or Greyhound Court, instead of alley, until it was in part demised by 
 Dudley Short, (as will be seen in the account of " Short's Gardens,") whence 
 becoming incorporated with other ground and buildings, the site ceased to 
 
 be 
 (") See account of him among the vestrymen, in the biographical part of this work. 
 
128 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Swanne 
 Alley. 
 Canter's 
 AUey. ■ 
 
 Gardiner's 
 Grounds, 
 afterwards 
 Short's Gar- 
 dens. 
 
 Dudley 
 Short, his 
 house, &c. 
 
 be mentioned under that appellation. Swanne Alley and Canter's Alley, 
 had lost those names before 1654, and formed part of those plots of ground 
 described as part of the estate of Bowl Yard. In the assessment of 1623, 
 Swanne Alley is reckoned to have 35 housekeepers, and Canter's Alley 32. 
 In 1720, the courts, &c. standing between Short's Gardens, south, and St. 
 Giles's-strect, north, were, according to the plan of this parish in Strype's 
 Stowe, — Lamb's Alley, Crown Alley, Crown Court, Cock Alley, and Ragged 
 Staffe Court. 
 
 Short's Gardens — Which leads from King-street to Drury-lane, is com- 
 posed only of indifferent houses, and is a street inhabited accordingly. The 
 sites on which this and Brownlow-streets, with their neighbourhoods, are 
 built, were in 1623, gardeners grounds, and uninhabited, except by three or 
 four persons, being mentioned in the Assessment, under the designation of 
 " The Gardiner's, on the backside of Drury-lane," and on which four house- 
 keepers only are stated to reside. The northern side assumed the name of 
 Short's Gardens, from Dudley Short, esq. an eminent parishioner and vestry- 
 man in the reign of Charles II, who built a mansion there, to which were 
 attached certain gardens and grounds taken out of the above. Such particu- 
 lars as we have of the premises about this time, and their state subsequently, 
 are contained in a deed dated I707, by which we learn, that Dudley Short had 
 several years previously, i. e. on his ceasing to reside there, demised various 
 parts of his grounds, on which several tenements were then standing, and 
 others were about to be built. His own house, afterwards inhabited by Thomas 
 Short, is thus described : — 
 
 " A messuage or tenement formerly of Dudley Short, and afterwards of 
 
 Thomas Short, then of Tomlinson, brewer, and afterwards of Ralph 
 
 Bucknall, brewer, (to whom the same had been demised by Thomas Short and 
 Susannah Short, his mother,) abutting on the Mulberry Garden, south ; on a 
 garden of Robert Clifton, west ; on Greyhounde Court, north, and east on 
 a piece of garden ground, and situate and being in Greyhound Court in the 
 the parish of St. Giles ; together with a court yard before the front of the said 
 house, 18 foot long and 18 foot broad, as the same was fenced in ; and also a 
 back yard or garden plot behind the said messuage," &c. 
 
 The extensive gardens (of which only the small portion above-mentioned 
 to have been attached to Dudley Short's house then remained) are described 
 jn the same deed, as thus occupied : — 
 
 •' A parcel 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— SHORTS GARDENS, &c. 129 
 
 "A parcel of ground and three messuages built thereon, situate on the west 
 
 side of Greyhound Court, occupied by Toms, victualler, with a piece of 
 
 ground where was formerly a faire brick house standing ; and a garden or 
 
 piece of ground lying behind the same, extending 38 feet from east to west, 
 
 and 95 feet from north to south ; with an adjoining piece at the back of the 
 
 same, 48 feet from east to west, and 54) feet from north to south ; and which 
 
 last piece of ground was adjoined south by a piece of ground commonly 
 
 called The Mulberry Garden, abutting east on Dudley Short's house, as Mulberry 
 
 aforesaid ; together with thirteen messuages built on the said parcels of 
 
 ground, demised by Dudley Short, and then held by Thomas Watson. Two 
 
 other messuages demised by same, one of them called the Crown ("'); a Crown 
 
 piece of ground demised to Ralph Bucknall, who had a stable thereon; a P" ^^' °^^' 
 
 messuage on the south side of St. Giles's High-street, of John Walter, farrier ; 
 
 and a back yard to it, with stables and buildings in the same, extending from 
 
 the same messuage southward to Greyhound Court ; and a piece of ground, 
 
 part of Greyhound Court, adjoining the south side of one of the stables built 
 
 as above," &c. 
 
 Brownlow Street. — This street received its name from sir John Brownlow, 
 bart. a parishioner in the reign of Charles II, whose house and gardens 
 then stood on the spot. From an entry in the churchwardens accounts, dated 
 1676, relative to the distributing among the poor, " Sir John Brownlow's 
 gift of £. 7. 5 s." it is probable that he at that time resided here ; but in 
 1682, he had removed, and his mansion was then either let out in tenements, 
 or in part demolished, and houses built on its site, as appears from the fol- 
 lowing entry in the vestry minutes, viz. 1682 : " St. Martin's parish claiming 
 a right to certain houses, late sir John Brownlow's, enquiry to be made thereof 
 and reported ;" and again, 1683, " Spent when we examined about the stone 
 in Brownlow Gardens, £. — ," which examination produced the following Brownlow 
 order; " That as to the claim of St. Martin's to divers messuages and grounds, Gardens 
 being part of the garden now or late of sir John Brownlow, bart. and their 
 having set up a boundary stone within this parish ; that their pretended claim 
 1)6 enquired into, and their reasons for setting up such a stone :" Also, " fur- 
 ther ordered, that Joseph Wheatley, upon paying his taxes to St. Giles's, be 
 saved harmless against St. Martin's, for his house situate upon part of Brownlow 
 
 Garden." 
 
 (") From which the name of Crown Court. 
 
 S 
 
130 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Garden." In 168.5, mention is made in the parish books of Brownlow- 
 street. Belton-street was built near the same time, as has been already- 
 noticed. Castle-street, a little south from Brownlow-street, bounds the 
 parish on this side, and partly formed, before it was built on, one side of the 
 Cock and Pye Ditch. 
 
 DIVISION II. 
 
 Aldewych, East. 
 
 THE greater part, if not the whole of East Aldewych, was antiently called 
 
 « The Hide," the " Hyde," the estates upon it being always described in the old grants as 
 
 owners of ^jing " sup hydam." This name it probably derived from being a portion of 
 
 estates on. some larger district of land containing the quantity of a hide, according to the 
 
 old mode of admeasurement (''). It appears to have been held about the reign 
 
 of Henry III, by two principal landlords, Hugh de Blundi, and John de 
 
 Watynge, to which may be added as a third the hospital of St. Giles, which 
 
 owned also a considerable part of it. The tenants under these, who had 
 
 dwellings and gardens on the spot, were, considering its extent numerous, as 
 
 may be seen in the account of the hospital possession. Chap. IV. 
 
 In very early times, the whole of this division appears to have been sepa- 
 rated into nearly two equal parts, by the ditch called " Spencer's Dig," which 
 in one of the grants relating to premises on it, is termed " Aquarium." This 
 ditch seems to have commenced somewhere about the entrance of the present 
 Lewknor's-lane, and to have ran eastward as far as Holborn Bars. The part 
 of the land here most inhabited was the north side, or that lying between the 
 ditch and Holborn, most of which belonged to Hugh de Blundi and the hospital. 
 
 John 
 
 " Spencer's 
 Dig," or 
 Ditch. 
 
 ("•) A hyda, and a ploughshare, were 
 «jnonimous, and contained about loo acres, 
 Hyde, or but in some cases less. Bishop 
 
 ploughshare. Kcnnct explains this term not to 
 be derived from the hide of a beast, as some 
 authors fancifully imagine, but from the 
 Saxon hyb, a house or habitation, from 
 hyban to cover ; and tiiat it was a circuit of 
 ground sufficient for the maintenance of a 
 family, or for the cultivation of one plough. 
 The truth seems to be, the same author 
 
 adds, that the quantity of a hide was never 
 expressly determined, and that a hide, a 
 yardland, a knight's fee, &,c. contained no 
 certain number of acres, but varied ac- 
 cording to different places. In tiie Dooms- 
 day inquisition, the first inquiry was, how 
 many hides ? (p. 65.) One hide of land at 
 Chesterton, 15 Hen. II, contained 64 acres, 
 (p. 125.) The yearly value of a hide of 
 land in Blechesdon, was 40s. in 35 Hen. III. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— ALDEWYCH EAST. 131 
 
 John de Watynge's land lay chiefly on the south side of the ditch, though he 
 had two or three houses and gardens on the Holborn side. The other land- 
 holders of eminence here, were Siward and Henry Maggy. The most conspi- 
 cuous names among the under-tenants were the Cristemasse family, William 
 de Tottenhall, and sir Robert Cliderowe. 
 
 The houses on the end next Aldewych road, were less numerous than on 
 the Holborn side, as might be expected from its being a less frequented 
 thoroughfare, no fewer dwellings than seventeen being recorded as standing 
 on the latter, and but four or five on the former. Both numbers are however 
 probably under-rated, could the exact state of the place then be known. The 
 situation, and other particulars of these estates, at this remote period, will be Plan of an- 
 understood by referring to the plan, and are further described in the account st. Giles's, 
 of the hospital possessions. 
 
 At the dissolution of the hospital, the whole of the land on which these 
 houses formerly stood, were the property of that foundation, and were con- 
 veyed by the exchange with Henry VIII, a little before, under the descrip- 
 tion of — " one messuage called the Whyte Hart, and eighteen acres of pasture whyte Hart 
 to the same messuage belonging ;" and " one messuage called the Rose, and 
 one pasture to the same messuage belonging." 
 
 The ground from this period till late in the reign of Elizabeth, both here 
 and in other parts of the parish, appears to have suffered but little alteration, 
 except in some trifling additions of building. The erecting of a few houses First build- 
 near the north end of Drury-lane, and possibly the embanking or parting by *"^ ' 
 walls that and the thoroughfare of Holborn from the fields, was all that was 
 done on the spot until about I6l0, when a further part of Drury-lane from 
 Holborn southward was built, as appears by the small plan of Westminster, in 
 Speed and other authorities. At the same time, a great proportion of Lewk- 
 nor's-lane also, extending from sir Lewis Lewknor's house, was erected ; the 
 houses along both sides of Holborn from Drury-lane end to the Bars were 
 continued, and the street on that side completed, where before had been chiefly 
 embankments, and the houses in Great Queen-street were begun. The sites 
 of all the other streets, however, since built on this neighbourhood, remained 
 for some years afterwards mere pasture land and garden ground. 
 
 In 1623, the assessment for rebuilding the church, notices the following 
 inhabitants in Aldewych east, Holborn end, &c. viz. " At Holborn end 
 next towards Drury-lane, Hugh Jones, barber j and Hugh Jones, vitler, 
 
 s 2 (victualler) ; 
 
 and Rose 
 Closes. 
 
 I on. 
 
132 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Sir Lewis 
 Lewknor's 
 house, &c. 
 
 The Rose. 
 
 Lewknor's- 
 lane. 
 
 Profligate 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Coal Yaid. 
 
 (victualler ('° ) ; and from thence along Holborn, eight other housekeepers. 
 On the site of Lewknor's-lane, sir Lewis Lewknor's residence and gardens are 
 named ; and on the spot since called Parker's-lane, Philip Parker and family 
 are mentioned to have resided, both gentlemen having their seats there. 
 Besides these, a number of other persons, described as living in Drury-lane, 
 were probably inhabitants of Aldewych east, or had gardens extending into it 
 from their houses ; but the above (who gave name to the streets since built 
 on the sites of their dwellings) are the only parishioners who can be recorded 
 with certainty as then resident on the spot. 
 
 In 1667, the Rose, a public-house or inn, conveyed by the exchange to 
 Henry VIII, was still standing in Aldewych, and is to be reckoned as one of 
 its remarkable buildings. Its site was to the south of Lewknor's-lane. 
 
 The New View of London, notices the following places as built here before 
 I7O8 :— 
 
 Lutenor's Lane. — " On the easternly side of Drury-lane, almost against 
 Brownlow-street ;" and 1720, Strype says, *' Lutner's-lane, at the lower end 
 of Newton-street, falls into Drury-lane, and is a very ordinary place." The 
 origin of this street has been stated, from which it will be seen that its name 
 was corrupted by both these writers, and should have been spelt Lewknor's^ 
 lane, as it is now called. It was early famed for the profligacy of its inha- 
 bitants, to whom allusion is often made by satirical writers — 
 
 " The nymplis of chaste Diana's train, 
 
 " The same with those of Lewknor's-lane." Butler ("). 
 
 To which sir Roger L'Estrange adds in a note — " Lewkenor's-lane, a place 
 still a rendezvous and nursery for lewd women, but first resorted to by the 
 Roundheads." 
 
 Its character is by no means changed for the better in modern times. It is 
 sometimes called Charles-street, and runs parallel with the 
 
 Coal Yard — Which arose near the same time, and is only remarkable from 
 
 the circumstance of its having been the birth-place of the celebrated Nell 
 
 Gwyn. It is to use a phrase of the old topographical writers, '* a place of no 
 
 account •," little superior in its appearance and inhabitants to the receptacle of 
 
 wretchedness last-mentioned. 
 
 Parker's 
 
 ('°) He was probably at that time land- C) Posthumous works, 12 vol. ed. 1715, 
 
 lord of the White-Hart Inn. p. 237, line 886. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— ALDEWYCH EAST. 135 
 
 Parker's Lake — Was formerly the site of the house and gardens of Philip Philip 
 Parker, esq. and as we have just noticed, named from him. " It stands" (New 
 View of London) " between Drury-lane, west, and Little Queen-street, north- 
 east ; running parallel with and next, north, to Great Queen-street ; length 
 280 yards." The " Dutch ambassador," is mentioned as formerly having 
 stables and premises in this street. 
 
 The other streets, lanes, &c. built on Aldewych east, are too insignificant to 
 be noticed other than by name. The publications before quoted, (New View 
 of London and Strype's Stowe,) thus describe the principal of them as they 
 existed between I7O8 and I72O. 
 
 Newton Street — " On the southernly side of High Holborn, over against Newton- 
 Bloomsbury Square. It comes into Holborn next the watch-house, and is a 
 broad street not over-well inhabited. On its east side is Dover Court, of no 
 great account." 
 
 St. Thomas's Lane — " Fronts Cross-street, and runneth into Drury-lane. StThomasV 
 Cross-street or lane itself, is a very ordinary place, on the east side of which 
 are two small courts, called Star Court and Wray's Court, the latter formerly 
 called Ralph's Court. " Both these places with their several courts are but 
 of small account, either for buildings or inhabitants." (") 
 
 Little Queen Street — " Which cometh out of Great Queen-street and Little Queen- 
 falleth into Holborn, is a place pestered with coaches, which are found very 
 troublesome to its inhabitants. On its west side it hath a good row of build- 
 ings. On the east side of Little Phinces-street, a place of no great account 
 for buildings or inhabitants, it receiveth New Turnstile Alley, which 
 hath a broad passage, with a freestone pavement into Holborn." 
 
 Great Queen Street — Bounds this division on the south, and merits par- Great Queen- 
 ticular mention. This now handsome and spacious street stands on the site 
 of the common foot-path which antiently separated the south part, or Oldwick 
 Close, properly so called, from the northern division of Aldewych, latterly 
 termed White Hart Close, which extended as we have described to Holborn. 
 Its south side appears to have been built on in a loose straggling manner near 
 the close of Elizabeth's reign, from which it might have been named Queen- 
 street ; but there were no houses of consequence erected on it until the reign 
 
 of 
 (**) St. Thomas's-street, or lane, is now called King-street; and in Cross-street, or lane^ 
 adjoining, now stands a large substantial building, erected by Messrs. Luke Hansard & Sons, 
 and which is used by them as a branch of their extensive printing establishments. 
 
134f 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Houses built 
 by Inigo 
 Jones. 
 
 of James I, when Inigo Jones is supposed to have been the architect of several 
 of its best buildings, and which were afterwards inhabited by people of the first 
 quality. This alteration took place about the time he laid out Lincoln's Inn 
 Square, to which it forms a grand avenue. Pawlet House, Chirbury House, 
 and Conway House, were among these noble mansions, and are still remain- 
 ing. And Mr. Pennant conjectures, some of the other houses with brick 
 pilasters and architectural ornaments, to be works of the same master, whose 
 classical taste they certainly would not discredit. (^') " Queen-street" (says 
 the New View, &c. I7O8) " is a pleasant broad street, on the south side 
 whereof are very good buildings and uniform. It is situate between Lincoln's 
 Inn Fields, east, and Drury-lane, south-west, length 340 yards ; " and from 
 Charing Cross, north-westernly, 980 yards." And Strype, — " Queen-street, 
 almost opposite to Long Acre, which after a narrow entrance openeth itself 
 and falleth into Lincoln's Inn Fields. It is a street graced with a goodly row 
 of large uniform buildings on the south side, inhabited by nobility and gentry. 
 But the north side is but indifferent, nor in consequence so well inhabited. 
 And on this side are three small courts and alleys, viz. Sugar-loaf Court, 
 Bull Head Court, and Whitcombe's Alley, the latter named from • Whit- 
 combe's brewery,' which formerly stood on the spot." The chapel in this 
 street was erected between the years 1704-6, and is a commodious roomy 
 structure ( *♦). Freemasons tavern is an elegant building, but modem. 
 
 Oldwick 
 
 Close. 
 Antient 
 names of 
 places oil. 
 
 DIVISION III. 
 Campum de Aldexcych. 
 
 THE south end of Aldewych, or Aldewych Field, contained part of the 
 land called " Sprettony," on the east ; the Croft or small close, called La 
 Hale, and a field called Layfield adjoining ; the whole consisting of about 
 eight acres of land. These were situate in St. Giles's parish, and occu- 
 pied the north and east parts of the Campum de Aldewych. The south 
 
 side 
 
 (*') Among the private acts of Parlia- 
 ment, is one 7 and 8 Will. Ill, " for the 
 better improvement of a house and ground 
 in Great Queen-street," in this parish, which 
 was no doubt one of these great mansions." 
 
 (**) A narrow pass, noticed by Strype, as 
 
 situated at the west end of this spot, called 
 " The Devil's Gap," has been long since re- 
 moved. The original chapel has also been 
 taken down, and a larger structure erected 
 by a sect of Methodists, in its stead. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— CAMPUM DE ALDEWYCH. 1^5 
 
 side (containing also about eight acres) lay in the parish of St. Clement 
 Danes. 
 
 The whole of this land (forming the third division of the parish) had by 
 various grants come into the possession of St. Giles's hospital before its sup- 
 pression, and was included in the exchange between Radcliffe and Henry VIII j 
 not that it is mentioned in that or any subsequent instrument by name, as 
 indeed are few of the parochial lands, but it probably formed part of the 
 eighteen acres of pasture mentioned there, to belong to the White Hart, 
 behind which it lay. On the sale and dispersion of the hospital estates, 
 Aldewych field or close came into the possession of the Holford family, a Holford 
 descendant of which, Henry Holford, esq. held it in the reigns of Elizabeth ^^^l^l ^f 
 and James I, at the same time that sir Henry Drury, knight, held the north Oldwick 
 end, or St. Clement's half. This Henry Holford appears to have had some 
 conscientious scruples about the property of this estate, on account of its 
 having once belonged to a charitable foundation ; and directed on that ac- 
 count, by his will, a sum of money to be annually paid to the poor of the parish 
 from the rent of it, which was accordingly done by his son Richard. In the 
 deed of feoffment (1659) by which this settlement was made on the parish, 
 the particulars of the donation, with the preceding historical information, are 
 thus stated, viz. — 
 
 " That upon and in consideration that severall messuages and tenements. Gift of rent 
 &c. scituate and being in the said parish of St. Gyles, being the inhe- fromOWwick 
 ritance of the said Richard Holford, which did lawfully descend and come Close. 
 unto him from his auncestors, are erected and built upon a piece or parcel 
 of ground, containing by estimation eight acres, or thereabouts, being parcel 
 of the lands which did heretofore belong and apperteine to the Hospital, 
 sometimes being within the parish of St. Gyles, founded and endowed by 
 Maud the empresse (queen) for and towards the receipt and reliefe of 
 poor diseased and leaprous people. Although the said hospital was long 
 since dissolved, and the lands rents and revenues thereof were for valuable 
 considerations sould and conveyed unto divers severall persons, whereby 
 the said eight acres of ground has lawfully come unto the said Richard 
 Holford and his heirs; and in respect that it was the desire and will of 
 Henry Holford, esq. deceased, the father of the said Richard Holford, 
 that a yearly rent or revenue of twenty shillings should be yearly paid unto 
 the poor of the said parish of St. Gyles for ever, for and towards their 
 
 reliefe 
 
136 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 reliefe and maintenance. And also out of the pious intentions and good 
 desires which the said Richard Holford hath to revive so much of the chari- 
 table reliefe for the poor of the said parish, as the said eight acres of ground 
 was really worth before the same was built upon ; which said reliefe the said 
 Richard Holford intends of mere christian charity, for the maintenance and 
 comfort of the said poore, without any manner of relacon to that which may 
 be accounted superstition or popery, in the former donation of the said em- 
 presse," did grant, &c. two houses in Princes-street. 
 
 Early build- From Henry Holford, and his heirs, part of the above land, probably by 
 ^ ' purchase, came into the possession of sir Edward Stradling and other persons, 
 
 about the beginning of the reign of Charles I, who built various residences on 
 it. Houses had however been previously raised on the side next the highway, 
 together with the playhouse, called the " Cockpit Theatre." Both sides of 
 Princes-street also (which was antiently a path dividing Aldewych Field 
 between the two parishes of St. Giles and St. Clement Danes) had been built 
 on as early as the latter end of the reign of Ehzabeth, or at the very beginning 
 of the reign of her successor. About this time the spot had acquired the name 
 of Oldwick Close, and had fourteen houses standing on its west end, or the 
 east side of the present Drury-lane, as well as a second theatre called the 
 " Phcenix" C), which succeeded that of the Cockpit, which was demolished 
 in the year I617. 
 
 Oldwick A few years later, viz, 1629, Oldwick Close is thus, in part described; 
 
 anno 1629. " AH that piece of ground containing two acres, parcel of Oldwick Close, in 
 the parish of St. Giles in the Fields, in the county of Middlesex, enclosed on 
 the north side towards Queen-street, with a ditch ; on the east towards Lin- 
 coln's Inn, with a common sewer ; on the south with a ditch or fence, dividing 
 it from other part of Oldwick Close, then before demised to John Iffery ; and 
 
 on 
 
 (") Entries from the assessment of 1623 ; were, " Queenes-streete, 15 housekeepers, 
 
 " Cockpitt side of Drury-lane, 14 house- 39 inmates." " Princes-street, both sides, 
 
 keepers, 31 inmates. The Phcenix Play- 33 housekeepers. 100 inmates." Among 
 
 house, rated at xxxli. Rec' viij". xiiij'. v*". the inhabitants of the latter street, the only 
 
 quad' by Mr. Speckart. The Cockpitt ditto. persons of account are, " Mr. Jeremy Cock, 
 
 Rec' more by Dr. Mayn' from the Cock- clerk of the king's council, his gift x". 
 
 pit x". 7. 6." (See more as to these theiitres, Mr. John Iffai;y, or Iffarie, his gift iiij". 
 
 art. " Distinguished Buildings." And iiij'. vi"". Mr. William Stiddolph v". Lady 
 
 in Queen and Princes-streets, forming the Duncombe x''." Notices of all of whom 
 
 north and south sides of the close, there will be found in proceeding. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— OLDWICK CLOSE. 137 
 
 on the west, towards the back side of Drury-lane, with a ditch or mud wall.'* 
 This plot of ground, in 1632, was in the possession of sir Edward Stradling, 
 and the celebrated sir Kenelm Digby, the former of whom in another deed 
 of the same date, is said to have then recently built on his part, " a fair large 
 mansion-house with stables and outhouses." 
 
 Sir Edward Stradling's ground is described afterwards as " so much of the Its dimen- 
 said piece of ground as did lie southwards, from the partition wall dividing the Varies &c. 
 said allotments ; containing, together with that part of Oldwick Close, demised 
 to the aforesaid John Iffery, and then enclosed together with the same, at the 
 end next Drury-lane, by a square line, 300 feet of assize, and at the other end 
 next Lincoln's Inn Fields, 296 feet." This he had divided with " a brick 
 wall beginning at the west end towards Drury-lane, and extending eastwards 
 towards Lincoln's Inn Fields, 144 feet ; and then turning towards the north, 
 in length 132 feet ; and then again eastwards, towards Lincoln's Inn Fields, 
 132 feet ; and distant at the west end thereof, from the partition wall of sir 
 Kenelm Digby, 157 feet ; and at the other end next Lincoln's Inn Fields, 
 31 feet." 
 
 From the above extracts, a tolerably correct idea may be formed of the Appearance 
 appearance of Oldwick Close previously to its being built on. On the Drury- '" ^ ^^' 
 lane side, it was bounded by a ditch and mud wall, or embankment, inter- 
 mixed with a few scattered buildings, among which were the Cockpit, and Cockpit and 
 afterwards the Phoenix, Theatres. From the backs of the houses in Lincoln's Theatres. 
 Inn Fields, it was separated by a common sewer ; and its north and south 
 sides were formed by Queen-street, Princes-street, and part of Duke-street, 
 then only partially built on, and rather presenting the appearance of country 
 roads than streets. The Close itself was literally what its name implied, a 
 piece of enclosed arable land, intersected by partition walls, dividing the man- 
 sions of sir Edward Stradling, and sir Kenelm Digby, and perhaps two or 
 three smaller detached residences, of which that of the aforenamed John Iffery, 
 was one. 
 
 In 1633, sir Edward Stradling sold to one George Gage, " so much of the Houses of 
 said piece of ground, as did lie between the said sir Kenelm Digby's partition stradllralid 
 wall, and the partition wall dividing the said sir Edward Stradling's own Sir Kenelm 
 ground, together with the mansion-house, stables," &c. And in 1638, he ^'^^^' 
 leased to Dr. Gifford, for the term of 500 years, all the remainder of his portion 
 of the above land, not sold to Gage. The whole of the above premises (as 
 
 T well 
 
138 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 well sir Kenelm Digby's as sir Edward Stradling's,) together with the " man- 
 sion-house, barns, coach-houses, stables, outhouses, and other buildings ; yards, 
 orchards, gardens," &c. were in the year 1651, in the possession of Humphrey 
 Weld, esq. many years a magistrate for this district, and ancestor of the respec- 
 table family of the Welds, of Lulworth Castle, who almost immediately began 
 to lay out on each side of his own residence, the street which now bears his 
 name, corruptly called " Wild-street j" the whole east side of which, from 
 an inscription on a tablet at one end of it, appears to have been finished in 
 Streets built 1653. Other erections speedily followed these ; and in 1688, mention is made 
 **°* in another deed of " a piece of ground leased to Robert GifFord, and the 
 
 buildings thereon j except the several houses and stables therein particularly 
 mentioned, and the houses Jronting Weld-street," (i. e. on the opposite or 
 western side of the way,) " and also the houses in Duke-street." 
 
 Queen Street and Princes Street. — These two streets, with Weld-steet, 
 just mentioned, are the principal streets erected on the site of Old wick Close, 
 and have been sufficiently described. The numerous other passages and places 
 on this site have nothing interesting, and, in most instances, scarcely merit to 
 be named. Two of them, though obscure thoroughfares, may just be noticed 
 as commemorating the original proprietor of the estate here, and also one of 
 the distinguished buildings which formerly stood on the spot, viz. 
 
 HoLFORD Court, now Steuart's Rents, ^ — A thoroughfare from Drury- 
 lane to Weld-street, and running in a parallel line with Princes-street, which 
 received its name from the Holford family, of whom mention has been before 
 made; and 
 
 Cockpit Court or Alley — At some distance from it. This latter was 
 the site of the celebrated Cockpit Theatre, from which the present Drury-lane 
 Theatre took its origin, and of which some account will be given hereafter. 
 Weld-court, Little Weld-street, &c. were erected on parts of the ground of 
 Weld House, of which mansion further notice will be taken in its proper place. 
 ~N. B. Cockpit Alley, is now called " Pitt Place." 
 
 Weld-street. 
 
 Queen-street 
 and Princes- 
 street. 
 
 Holford 
 court. 
 
 Cockpit- 
 alley. 
 
 DIVISION 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— FIKATTESFELD, &c. 139 
 
 DIVISION IV.— SOUTH SIDE. 
 
 Fikattesfeld, and Land next the Bars (*'). 
 
 THIS division formed the south-eastern extremity of the parish, and adjoined Division IV ; 
 Aldewych east, and the Campo de Aldewych on the west ; St. Clement Danes jaries, &c. 
 parish on the south ; Holborn (half of which street it included) on the 
 north, and the gardens of the Old Friary, now Lincoln's Inn, on the east. 
 It was subdivided, nominally, into two districts or partitions, Fikattesfeld, 
 and part of the Campum de Aldewych, on the west ; and what was termed 
 " Terr' juxta Barram," on the north. The former comprehending the 
 whole of the present Lincoln's Inn Fields, and part of its vicinity ; and the 
 latter, the land between the north side of Fikattesfeld and Holborn, since 
 called Whetstone's Park ; with the south side of Holborn from below the Great 
 Turnstile, to the site of Little Queen-street, and the ground between the Little 
 Turnstile and Aldewych east, now called Princes-street, Gate-street, &c. 
 
 Fikattesfeld, or Fikets Field. — This close or enclosure stood near the Pickets 
 Old Temple, of which it formed, prior to the removal of that foundation, part tient^names 
 of the grounds. It is variously denominated in old deeds, as, Fikattesfeld, of- 
 and Ficetsfeld; Campum Templariorum, or the Templars Field} Fikets 
 Field, &c. The former names it might have derived from some very remote 
 proprietor, the latter, from its having been in the possession of the Knights 
 Templars, before the dissolution of that order. It is no otherwise described in 
 the hospital grants than as ajield, agreeably to its name ; but whether at that 
 time it was mere pasture land or not, is doubtful. It was certainly laid out 
 early as a walking place, and planted ; as we learn from a petition respecting 
 it presented to the parliament during the Interregnum (*^), which acquaints us 
 with some curious particulars as to its nature and appropriation, as far back as the 
 reign of Edward III. This petition states, that it appears from record ( " ), that state in 
 
 " in ""^'S" °^ 
 
 Edward III. 
 
 -("**) There is no name in the antient re- (") Intitled, "The humble petition of 
 
 cords, for this part of the parish, but that the parishioners ofthe parishes of St. Clement 
 
 here given. Sometimes it is called " Land Danes ; St. Dunstanes in the West ; St. 
 
 at the bars," and " Land lying between the Andrew's, Holborn, and St. Giles in the 
 
 king's highway and Fikattesfeld ;" but more Fields, in the county of Middlesex, in or 
 
 generally " Terr' juxta Barram de Hole- neere unto Lincoln's Inne Fields." 
 
 burn," or, " Terr' juxta Barram veteri C") Rot. Claus. auno 49 Edw. IIL mem. 
 
 Templi." It is the same ground now called 40 dorso. 
 Whetstone's Park. 
 
HO 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Pickets Field, 
 a walking 
 place for 
 lawyers, in 
 1376. 
 
 Roger Leget 
 punished for 
 placing " cal- 
 trappes " 
 therein. 
 
 State in the 
 reign of Eliz. 
 
 Laid out by 
 Inigo Jones, 
 in 1618. 
 
 " in those times," (about 1376,) " this field was a common 'walking and sporting 
 place, for the clerks of the chancery, apprentices, and students of the law, 
 and citizens of London ; and that upon a clamorous complaint made by them 
 unto the king, that one Roger Leget, had privily laid and hid many iron 
 engines called caltrappes, as well in the bottome as the top of a certaine 
 trench in Fikets Fields, neere the bishop of Chichester's house, where the 
 said clerkes, apprentices, and other men of the said city, had wont to have 
 their common passage, in which place he knew that they daily exercised their 
 common walks and disports, with a malicious and malevolent intent, that all 
 who came upon the said trench, should be maimed, or else most grievously 
 hurt; which engines were found by the foresaid clerkes, apprentices, and 
 others passing that way, and brought before the king's councel, in the Chapter- 
 house of the Friars, preachers of London, and there openly shewed ; that 
 hereupon the said Roger was brought before the said councell, to answer the 
 premises ; and being there examined by the said councell, confessed his said 
 fault and malice in manner aforesaid, and thereupon submitted himselfe to the 
 king and his councell. Whereupon the said Roger was sent to the king's 
 prison of the Fleete, there to expect the king's grace ;" and concludes, 
 that it thence appears, " that any device to interrupt or deprive such clerks, 
 and citizens, of their free common walking or disport there, is a nusance and 
 offence punishable by the king and his councell, by fine and long imprison- 
 ment ; and that the king and councell have ever been very careful of preserving 
 the liberties and interests of the lawyers and citizens in these fields, for their 
 cure and refreshment." 
 
 For many ages afterwards, and probably until it first began to be built on, 
 towards the latter end of the reign of Elizabeth, Fikattesfield (or Lincoln's Inn 
 Fields, as it began then more generally to be called) remained as a promenade 
 or place of recreation, for the students of Lincoln's Inn, and the public. If we 
 may trust to old views of it, however, it had before that time degenerated 
 into a mere open field or fields (for it was divided,) intersected by irregular 
 paths. The first buildings on, or around it, were few and of a mixed cha- 
 racter. This occasioned king James I to grant, in the year I6I8, a commis- 
 sion to new dispose the whole, the ordering of which was intrusted to the 
 Lord Chancellor Bacon, with the earls of Pembroke, Worcester, Arundell 
 and others, assisted by the king's architect, Inigo Jones. In this commission 
 
 it 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. 141 
 
 it IS stated (*'), That more public works in and about the city of London, had 
 been undertaken in the sixteen years of that reign than in ages theretofore ; 
 and that the grounds called Lincoln's Inn Fields, were then much planted 
 round with dwellings and lodgings of noblemen and men of qualitie ; but at 
 the same time it was deformed by cottages and mean buildings, encroachments 
 on the field, and nuisances to the neighbourhood. The commissioners were 
 therefore directed to reform those grievances, and, according to their dis- 
 cretion, to frame and reduce those fields, called " Cup Field and Purse Field, Cup Field and 
 both for sweetness, uniformitie and comeliness, into such walkes, partitions, or 
 other plottes, and in such sorte, manner and forme, both for publique health 
 and pleasure, as by the said Inigo Jones," &c. " is or accordingly shall be 
 done by the way of map." 
 
 Thus authorized, Inigo Jones drew the ground plan of a magnificent square, Lincoln's Inn 
 and gave it the exact dimensions of the great pyramid of Egypt. That emi- I' '^ids Square 
 nent architect, however, does not seem to have completed more than the west 
 side of it ; and, possibly owing to the distractions of the succeeding reign, 
 no further progress was made, either in the buildings, or laying out of the 
 area, for several years afterwards. Its neglected state, in consequence, is thus Its neglected 
 described in the petition before quoted, anno 1656, namely; "That one ^^^''"^ 5 . 
 William Newton, gent, for his owne private lucre," (contrary to the statutes, &c. 
 against building,) " had, within five or six yeares last past, erected very many 
 buildings on new foundations, (inhabited for the most part by Popish recu- 
 sants,) in some whereof mass was usually said ; and caused many thousand 
 loads of dung and dirt to be laid in the said fields, (now used as a common 
 laystall,) and made a common horse-poole therein ; whereby the petitioners were 
 much hindered, and almost quite deprived of their common liberty of walking, 
 training, drying of clothes, and recreating themselves in the said fields ; the 
 waies over them are become founderous and impassible in wet weather, the 
 air corrupted, the sewers surcharged and choaked up ; the poore of their 
 parishes like to be much increased ; sundry papists, forainers, and lewd, idle 
 and wicked persons, harboured amongst them," &c. It is then said to have 
 consisted of three common waste fields, called " Purse Field, Pickets Field, 
 and Cup Field." 
 
 The effect of this representation, and other causes, occasioned, in the year 
 
 1657, 
 (*') Pennant's London. 
 
142 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 1657, the unfinished state of the square to be taken into consideration by 
 those interested ; and an agreement was accordingly entered into between 
 them and the society of Lincoln's Inn, to whom " some right, as to the aire 
 and prospect," seems to have descended from the Templars or their succes- 
 Agreement sors, for the purpose of completing it. The agreement ('°) states, " That sir 
 for building \yfiiiam CowDcr, Robert Henley, and James Cowper, parties thereto, were 
 
 on Lincolns ^ "^ 
 
 Inn Fields interested in the inheritance of Cup Field, and had designed the continuance 
 Square, 1657. ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ range of buildings, called Portugal Rmv, in the said field, east- 
 wards, towards Lincoln's Inn wall ; and one other row or range of buildings 
 along the north side of the said field, leading from the buildings lately erected 
 by one Newman, on the north-west side of the said field to Turnstile." And 
 further states, " That the said society of Lincoln's Inn were interested in the 
 ^ • benefit and advantage of the prospect and air of the said field, but were 
 willing and contented that the said sir William Gowper, &c. might proceed in 
 their said design and undertaking of the said building, with such caution and 
 provision for the beautifying and adorning of the said intended building, and 
 for levelling and plaining the said field, and casting the same into walks, and 
 ■•' for prevention of any future building thereupon, in such manner as in the 
 said articles, the indenture thereunto annexed, and an indenture of demise of 
 the same date, was expressed." 
 What Rows According to this agreement, it was covenanted that " the two rows or 
 be built. ranges intended to be built as aforesaid, should bear equal proportion in front, 
 
 height, breadth, strength and beauty, with Portugal Row, or in a more firm 
 or beautiful manner j also, that there should be forty foot by the standard 
 distance between each of the said rows or ranges of building and Lincoln's 
 Inn wall ; also, that all the rest and residue of the said field should, within 
 two years then next, at the costs and charges of the said sir William Cowper, 
 &c. be levelled, plained, and cast into grass plots and gravel walkes, of conve- 
 nient breadth, railed all along on each side, and set with rows of trees, ac- 
 cording to a plot or model thereto annexed ; and that for the future no 
 building, other than the said two rows or ranges, should be erected upon the 
 
 said 
 
 C) Made between sir William Cowper, Lislebon Long, knight, (then recorder of 
 
 of Ratling-court, in the county of Kent, London,) and certain of the masters of the 
 
 bart. ; Robert Henley, of the Middle Tem- bench of the said society of Lincoln's Inn 
 
 pie, London, esq. ; and James Cowper, of (whereof the celebrated William Prynne 
 
 Lincoln's Inn, esq. of the one part ; and sir was one,) trustees, of the other part. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. 143 
 
 said field, or any part thereof, except one water-house in the middle of the 
 
 said field, which should not exceed in proportion the breadth of ten yards 
 
 square j also, that there should be built and set up in the middle of the said Gates and 
 
 wall of Lincoln's Inn, a large pair of gates and freestone stairs, with a fair 
 
 and easy descent out of the walkes belonging to the said society." 
 
 In pursuance of these arrangements, a grant was made to sir Lislebon Long 
 and other trustees, of " All the rest residue or body of the said field therein 
 called Cop Field, alias Cup Field, containing by estimation, from the east side 
 of the same lying next Lincoln's Inn wall aforesaid, 30 pole be the same more 
 or less ; and from the north side of the said field unto the south, 33 pole more 
 or less, by agreement according to the said articles, not to be built upon." 
 
 On receiving this lease, sir William Cowper and his fellow proprietors pro- 
 ceeded to erect the two rows of building mentioned, which were to extend to 
 the row already built westward, standing on the other parcel of ground, called 
 Purse Field ; and afterwards, " railed in the said fields or parcel of ground. Railed in. 
 called Cop Field, alias Cup Field ; and to the extent of the said field west- 
 ward caused posts to be set up, and rails to be made across from south to 
 north, bounding the same from the said field, called Purse Field ;" — " which 
 said two fields, called Cop Field, alias Cup Field, and Purse Field, contain the 
 buildings and large square piece or parcel of ground, now and for some years 
 past called Great Lincoln's Inn Fields." ('") 
 
 Notwithstanding the building of the square was, as here stated, in a great 
 Pleasure completed, and the area laid out, yet, for want of properly enclosing 
 the latter, it some years afterwards returned to its original state of a common 
 field ; and, from the resort of low and idle persons to it, became a great 
 nuisance. Some endeavours were made by different projectors to remedy 
 this inconvenience. Among them. Cavendish Weedon, esq. a fellow of Lin- Plans for 
 coin's Inn, published in the year 1698, two plans engraved on folio sheets, by area"'" m ^ 
 Hart, for laying out the fields in a magnificent style, but which never took 1698. 
 effect. They were to have been adorned on their sides " with figures of the 
 twelve apostles, and water-works at each corner, to be supplied from Hamp- 
 stead water, and the model of St. Mary's chapel, to be erected in the centre, 
 from a design of sir Christopher Wren's ('^). But nothing effectual seems to 
 
 have 
 
 (") Act, 8 George li. coin's Inn, was lately propounded by Mr. 
 
 (^*) " Here within the bounds of Lin- Weedon, the erection of a beautiful range 
 
 of 
 
144 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Land next 
 the Bars. 
 
 Spencer's 
 lond. 
 
 When built 
 on. 
 Turnstile, &c. 
 
 have been done until the reign of George II, when the act from which we 
 have quoted, was passed for that purpose, as will be noticed in giving an 
 account of its modern state. The houses, which were first-rate buildings, 
 were for many years inhabited by nobility, and legal characters of the greatest 
 eminence. 
 
 Land next the Bars. — The land described to be situate at Holborn Bars, 
 and which has been explained to mean that slip of ground lying between the 
 north side of Fikattesfeld and Holborn, commencing east a little beyond Great 
 Turnstile, and extending to the lower end of Aldewych, now Gate-street, west ; 
 was antiently separated from Fikattesfeld by a ditch, running from Spencer's 
 Dig before mentioned ; which, with its boundaries to the east, west and north, 
 (the two Turnstiles and Holborn,) formed it into a completely distinct plot of 
 ground. To this, as further part of the division now treated of, must be 
 added " Le Spencer's Lond," a second slip of ground, lying to the west of this 
 and Fikets Field, or between them and the Campum de Aldewych, and Alde- 
 wych east(")- The land at Holborn Bars, about the reign of John, and for 
 some years afterwards, was held like other parts of the parish, by various 
 tenants, whose houses fronted Holborn, and whose gardens ran backwards to 
 the ditch which formed the line of separation between them and Fikattesfeld. 
 Of these persons, and their tenements, we refer for particulars to the plan and 
 hospital grants before alluded to. 
 
 The reign of Elizabeth was the period at which the above, like most of the 
 places before described, began to be built on. " Turnstile," by which this 
 district is to be understood, is said, in the assessment of 1623, to contain, " on 
 
 both 
 
 of building, to be only one story, without 
 chimneys, and to be covered flat with lead, 
 all along by the dead wall on the east side 
 of Lincoln's Inn garden, upon the waste 
 ground between the said wall and the gravel 
 walk, for the use of some or all of the 
 officers in Chancery, viz. the Six Clerks, 
 Cursitors, Masters in Chancery, Examiners, 
 Petty Bag, Registers, Affidavit, Hanaper, 
 and the Subpoena. The reasons offered 
 for this building were, that it would be 
 more secure and ornamental to said gar- 
 den ; defending the chambers from robbery, 
 find the dust and noise of the adjoining 
 
 street. That it would be a pleasanter sight 
 than an old dirty black wall, and would yield 
 a very considerable ground-rent to the so- 
 ciety," &c. Strype's Stowe, ed. 1720. 
 
 C) The Spencers, or Dispensators, seem 
 to have held the adjoining land to the 
 westward also, (now situate between the 
 Little Turnstile and Little Queen-street,) 
 " which was all Le Spencer's lond," though 
 described as in the possession of different 
 tenants. It was the extent of the Spencer 
 estate that gave name to the great ditch 
 here, thence denominated " Spencer's Dig," 
 which bounded it southward^. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— PLACES FIRST BUILT ON. 145 
 
 both sides," thirty houses ; and a " Thornton's-alley," somewhere near the 
 spot, has forty-four houses assessed; " Partridge-alley," coming from Holbom 
 to the backside of the houses in Lincoln's Inn Fields, afterwards called New- 
 man's Row, ('*) is mentioned to have fifty-nine houses; and other alleys, the 
 situation of which it is difficult to ascertain from their names, and which were 
 also assessed at the same time, there is reason to suppose then formed part of 
 this neighbourhood. No notice, however, is taken of Little Queen-street, 
 Princes-street, Turnstile-alley, &c. now standing on the ground to the westward 
 of Gate-street, which were then either not built, or called by other names. 
 
 The slip of ground immediately behind Newman's, or Holbom Row, seems to Names of 
 have remained much later unbuilt on ; and, being a waste piece of ground, was tuluT 
 greatly frequented while in that state, as a scene of low dissipation. The first build- 
 ings on it were erected in the reign of Charles II, as we learn from the names 
 of the builders. The eastern half, built by Mr. Whetstone, a parishioner and 
 vestry-man of that period, acquired from him the name of " Whetstone's Park," 
 and the other half, continued by a Mr. Phillips, the name of " Phillips's Rents." 
 Some of the courts running from it into Holborn, were erected at the same 
 time, particularly " Pargiter's Court," so called from its founder, Mr. Pargiter, 
 another respectable parishioner and contemporary; (") and other persons fol- 
 lowing this example, the whole site soon became covered with dwellings. 
 
 The names of " Great Turnstile," and " Little Turnstile," which were The Turn- 
 entrances from Holborn, leading to the east and west sides of Lincoln's Inn * ^^' 
 Fields, at the extremities of Whetstone's Park, sufiiciently bespeak their 
 origin ; as does the adjoining " Gate-street," which was a way through a gate 
 to admit horses and carriages into these fields, as the other two were for foot 
 passengers. Having given this account of their antient state, we shall now 
 proceed to speak of this part of the parish, as generally built on. 
 
 Lincoln's Inn Fields. — Anno reg' Georgii Regis, 8° — an act was passed State of Lin- 
 for enclosing and new ordering the area of this square ; which, notwithstand- ^^^l^ "° 
 ing the measures formerly adopted, the said act states, " had for some years 8 Geo. II. 
 then last past, lain waste and in great disorder; whereby the same had become 
 a receptacle for rubbish, dirt and nastiness of all sorts, brought thither and 
 laid not only by the inhabitants of the said fields, but many others ; which 
 had not been removed or taken away by the several scavengers of the parish, 
 
 wherein 
 
 ('*) The present " Holborn Row." (") Now called reathers-couit. 
 
 u 
 
146 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Fields. 
 
 wherein the said fields were situate ; but also for want of proper fences to 
 enclose the same, great mischiefs had happened to many of his majesty's sub- 
 jects going about their lawful occasions ; several of whom had been killed, 
 and others maimed and hurt by horses, which had been from time to time 
 aired and rode in the said fields. And by reason of the said fields being kept 
 open, many wicked and disorderly persons had frequented and met together 
 therein, using unlawful sports and games, and drawing in and enticing young 
 persons into gaming, idleness and other vicious courses ; and vagabonds, com- 
 mon beggars, and other disorderly persons, resorted therein, whereby many 
 robberies, assaults, outrages and enormities had been and were continually 
 committed, notwithstanding the watch or guard, allowed by the parish wherein 
 the said fields were situate, for preventing the same." — " That the south, west 
 and north parts of the said fields were encompassed with houses, many of which 
 were inhabited by the owners and proprietors thereof, who, with the other 
 inhabitants, could not go to and fro' from their respective dwellings and 
 habitations in the night season without danger." And it further states, that 
 certain persons, therein named, Cproprietors there), were desirous to prevent 
 Lincoln's Inn such mischiefs for the future, and to " enclose, clean and repair, and beautify 
 the said fields in a graceful manner, and were willing and desirous that an 
 adequate contribution might for that purpose be raised by and amongst them- 
 selves." — " Wherefore, and to the end that the said fields might be enclosed, 
 cleaned and adorned, and kept in repair for the future," — said proprietors, &c. 
 did humbly beseech his majesty to enact, to the effect therein enacted. 
 
 By this act it was ordered, " that the inhabitants of the square should meet 
 June 2, 1735, in the council chamber of Lincoln's Inn, and chuse from 
 amongst themselves twenty-one trustees, who should have power to direct in 
 what manner the said fields should be enclosed." As also, " what ways or 
 passages should be made or left open, for passengers, horses, coaches, carts 
 and carriages," with all other necessary powers for carrying the business pro- 
 perly into effect. And also, " to make a proper recompence and satisfaction 
 to Anthony Henley and William Cowper, in whom the right and interest of 
 sir William Cowper, &c. (before mentioned) in and to the said fields, was then 
 vested." C') ^^^ 
 
 watch. It being thereby enacted, " that as 
 well the said great square, called Lincoln's 
 Inn Fields, as the several streets behind the 
 south, west, and north sides thereof, so far as 
 
 Trustees ap- 
 pointed by 
 Act of Par- 
 liament for 
 regulation of. 
 
 A dittinctvuird ('*) The Square of Lincoln's 
 
 as to scavenger Ian Fields (after the 24th of 
 
 June 1735) was by this act to be 
 
 a distinct ward as to paving, scavenger and 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. 
 
 147 
 
 The appearance of the square, as laid out in consequence of this act, is to How laid out 
 be seen in plans of the time. It was completely railed in, planted with trees, q^ fj^ 
 and traversed by walks in a diagonal direction. The centre contained a pond 
 or reservoir of water. The whole has been recently again laid out in style of 
 great taste and beauty. 
 
 Of the houses, those in the west range are the most antient, and generally 
 the finest buildings ( " ). These have the reputation of being built by Inigo 
 
 Jones, 
 
 the houses in Lincoln's Inn Fields, or their 
 outhouses, ground, or appurtenances do ex- 
 tend, and as far as the back streets thereto, 
 ought to be paved, cleaned or watched by 
 the inhabitants of the houses in Lincoln's 
 Inn Fields ; and should therefore be a dis- 
 tinct and separate ward, as to the several 
 rates of the scavenger and watch ; and that 
 the paving, cleaning and watching thereof, 
 should be only under the direction of the 
 aforesaid trustees ; and the same should be 
 exempt and discharged from paying any 
 other rates, assessments or taxes, in respect 
 of such houses, &c. or watch-rates of any 
 other ward or district, provided that the 
 parish of St. Giles, should from and after 
 said 24th of June, 1735, be discharged and 
 exonerated from watching any part of the 
 said square, or of such parts of the adjoin- 
 ing streets as aforesaid, in respect of said 
 houses, outhouses or ground ; and also from 
 the taking away and removing all manner 
 of filth, ashes, rubbish or annoyances what- 
 soever, which shall or may be laid or 
 brought in upon or against the said fields, 
 houses, outhouses, walls and appurtenances 
 thereto belonging." 
 
 {") Among the private acts of Parlia- 
 ment, are several relating to this square and 
 Prwate acts of its houses, from which those 
 Parliament disposed to Search further, may 
 gain additional information. The 
 following are the titles of some of them, 
 viz. 1. " An Act (5 and 6 Will, and Mary) 
 to enable the trustees of Alice Turner, 
 widow, and her children, to make sale of 
 
 certain houses or ground near Lincoln's 
 Inn Fields, in the county of Middlesex, 
 during the minority of the younger chil- 
 dren." 2. (7 and 8 Will. Ill,) " Act to 
 enable trustees to sell a messuage, garden 
 and outhouses in Lincoln's Inn Fields, late 
 Sir Robert Sawyers, knight, deceased, and 
 for purchasing other lands and tenements 
 to be settled to the same uses." 3. " Act 
 (2 and 3 Anne) to enable Sir John Cowper, 
 knight, and Anthony Henley, esq. to make 
 a partition, and grant building leases of 
 several messuages and tenements in Lin- 
 coln's Inn Fields, in the parishes of St.Giles- 
 in-the-Fields, and St. Clement Danes, in the 
 county of Middlesex." 4." Act (27 Geo. II,) 
 for sale of a capital messuage in Lincoln's 
 Inn Fields, in the parish of St. Giles-in-the- 
 Fields, in the county of Middlesex, and the 
 garden ground and outhouses thereto be- 
 longing (part of the estate of the most noble 
 Charles late Duke of Somerset, deceased,) 
 and vesting the same in Edward Browne, 
 of Lincoln's Inn, esq. and his heirs forever; 
 and for laying out the purchase money in 
 lands and hereditaments to be settled for 
 the like uses, and upon the like trusts as the 
 said capital messuage and premises are now 
 settled, and subject unto." — (15,16 Geo. II,) 
 " An Act for confirming a conveyance from 
 the surviving trustees of the charity estab- 
 lished by the will of John Bentley, esq. 
 deceased, of the undivided sixth part of 
 Fickett's Field, in the county of Mid- 
 dlesex, to the surviving assignees under the 
 commission of bankruptcy awarded against 
 u 2 
 
148 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Lindsey and 
 
 Newcastle 
 Houses, &c. 
 
 Stone Build- 
 ings. 
 
 Holborn — 
 origin of its 
 name. 
 
 Village of 
 Holborn. 
 
 Jones, and though much altered, display evident traces of his style. The 
 most perfect of them is Lindsey House, once a mansion of the dukes of An- 
 caster. Newcastle House, terminating the south end of the row, is an 
 imposing building from its magnitude, but is in a less pure taste, and was 
 designed by another hand. This side of the square is in all respects the 
 grandest. 
 
 The south side has several noble buildings in various styles of architecture, 
 some not a little fanciful ; and as a whole has a fine appearance. The houses 
 on the north side, though large, are generally plain. The east side is bounded 
 by the wall supporting the fine terrace walk of Lincoln's Inn gardens ; beyond 
 which are the " Stone Buildings" an elegant pile of architecture, which only 
 wants completion through the old buildings, to render the east side of the 
 square a counterpart in grandeur with the west. 
 
 " Lincoln's Inn Square ('"), or the great field, is reckoned one of the finest 
 and largest squares in the world ; and is a trapezium, though near a square, 
 whose area is upwards of ten acres ; mostly inhabited by eminent gentry and 
 nobility. It has, on the northernly side, Holborn Row ; south, Portugal Row ; 
 east, Lincoln's Inn Walks ; and west. Arch Row. The centre, from Pye Corner, 
 west, is 1,360 yards." 
 
 Holborn. — This great street appears to have derived its name from the 
 bourne or brook which ran from the Bars into Fleet Ditch, conjoined with the 
 Saxon appellation "aid" or old("). In the Conqueror's survey, Holborn is 
 described as a village situate in the hundred of Ossulvestane, or Ossulton ; and 
 is denominated " Aide-burn ;" wherein the king had two cotarij, or cottagers, 
 who paid to his bailiff or steward an annual sum of twenty denary, or pence. 
 In the hospital deeds it is spelt nearly in the modern way, " Holeburn," and 
 sometimes " Holbourne ;" and seems, at the dates of the earliest of those 
 deeds, (i. e. the reign of Henry II, John, &c.) to have been considered a high- 
 way of great publicity. The village of Holborn, being erected on the bank 
 
 of 
 
 William Hammond, late of Change-alley, 
 London, goldsmith and banker, deceased." 
 — (12 Geo. I,) "An Act for sale of the 
 site of Cardigan House, lately demolished 
 by fire, situate and being in Lincoln's Inn 
 Fields, in the county of Middlesex, for the 
 purposes therein mentioned, and for settling 
 
 lands of greater value in the county of 
 York, to the same uses." 
 
 ('") New View of London, 1708. 
 
 (") About the year 1238, Tye-bourne, or 
 brook, furnished nine conduits with water. 
 From this parent spring (among others) ran 
 Holborn. Pennant. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— WHETSTONE'S PARK. 149 
 
 of the bourne, or brook, extended itself gradually westward, and communi- 
 cated its name to the long and spacious street which attaches it to St. Giles's- 
 street; that part of it being for distinction sake, termed " High Holborn " (*°). 
 It was first paved in the year 1542 (*'). 
 
 An antient house, mentioned by Maitland to have been situate opposite Holbom 
 
 ^^^fi HOT* 
 
 St. Andi-ew's church, and called •' Holborn Hall," is supposed by him to have House, 
 been the manor house. 
 
 Whetstone's Park. — Strype, in his edition of Stowe, 1720, thus notices Whetstone's 
 
 Pa.rk &c. 
 
 this place, and the courts, &c. in its vicinity. — " Whetstone's Park, at the 
 
 backside of Holborn, was once famous for its infamous and vicious inhabitants ; 
 
 whicli some years since were forced away. And out of this place there are 
 
 several small alleys which lead into Holborn. And on the north west, there is 
 
 a passage into Holborn, through Little Turnstile-alley, very ordinary. Great 
 
 Turnstile-alley, on its north-east end, is a great thoroughfare, leading from 
 
 Lincoln's Inn Fields into Holborn, and is a place inhabited by sempsters, 
 
 shoemakers, and milliners, for which it is of considerable trade and well noted. 
 
 It has a little beyond it Turnstile tavern, also well noted ; and two small inns, 
 
 viz. the St. John's Head, and the White Horse and Star. And a little further 
 
 is Gridiron-alley, by the Griffin and Parrot, which is the eastward extent of 
 
 the parish." This last-named alley is now called Fenwick-court. 
 
 Butler has several satyrical allusions to the profligacy of Whetstone's Park Whetstone's 
 
 in his works, which confirm what is above said of it : — profligate in- 
 
 habitants. 
 " And makes a brothel of a palace 
 
 Where harlots ply, as many tell us. 
 
 Like brimstones in a Whetstone alehotise." 
 
 And 
 
 (*°) " Its length," (New View,) "is 1,520 well on foot as on horseback, or with car- 
 yards. From Pye Corner nearly, it is 660 riages. Upon complaint whereof, an act 
 yards; and the other end, from Charing- was made in the 32d Hen. VIII, anno 1542, 
 cross, is nearly 1 ,090 yards." to pave all those places (i. e. Holborn, 
 
 (*') " Now the High Oldbourne-street, Chancery-lane, &c.) with paving stones, as 
 
 from the north end of New-slreet"(Chaucery- also on the east side of the city, in manner 
 
 lane) " stretcheth on the left hand (in and form as the causey or highway leading 
 
 building newly framed) up to St. Giles-in- from Strand Bridge to Charing-cross had 
 
 the-Fields. But the way leading from the been paved." — Stowe. — ]V. B. Holborn had 
 
 bars in Holborne westward towards the said been partially paved and mended in the 
 
 St« Giles, was very foul and full of pits and reign of Edward III, but this was the first 
 
 sloughs, and very ))erilous and noysome to complete paving, 
 all that repaired and passed that way, as 
 
IS9 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Names of 
 places near 
 to Whet- 
 stone's Park. 
 
 - And Dryden, in his " Limberham," or the " Kind Reefer," alludes to it 
 as a well known receptacle for profligate females, in the following passage : — 
 
 jlldo. — " 'Tis very well, Sir ; I find 3'ou have been searching for your relations then in 
 
 Whetstone Park!" 
 Wood. — " No, Sir; I made some scruple of going to the 'foresaid place, for fear of 
 
 meeting my own father there." 
 
 And a Survey of London, by W. Stowe (1722,) says, " Whetstone Park, by 
 Lincoln's Inn Fields, was formerly a receptacle for wanton does ; till in the reign 
 of King Charles II, they were routed out by the mob. To suppress which riot 
 the king's life-guards were obliged to go in arms against them." 
 
 The other courts, &c. on this spot, are, according to the author first quoted, 
 " New Turnstile-alley, which hath a broad passage, with a freestone pave- 
 ment, into Holborn ; Monmouth-court, a small place that hath a passage into 
 Lincoln's Inn Fields, by Little Turnstile ; Gregory-court, of small account, 
 having houses but on one side ; Partridge-alley, small and narrow, running 
 into Phillips's-yard, as also into Vine-yard, all three of little account. 
 More eastwards is Red Lion inn and yard, chiefly for coach-houses and 
 stablings ; Pargiter's-court, a small place ; the George Inn, of pretty good ac- 
 count. All these three last-mentioned places have a passage into Whetstone 
 Park. Tichborn-court, and Flower's-alley, not far distant, are scarce worth the 
 naming." 
 
 Sprettony, 
 
 The land on the south-west of Fikattesfeld, or between that and Oldwick 
 Close, (antiently called Sprettony,) probably shared some of the early improve- 
 ments of Inigo Jones, with the adjoining Lincoln's Inn Square, and Queen- 
 street ; but they did not extend to the enclosing it as now with houses, as sir 
 Edward Stradling's part of Oldwick Close, (lf)32,) is described as being 
 bounded, or divided from this land, by a ditch or common sewer ; an evidence 
 that it was then unbuilt on. 
 
 North side of 
 parish. 
 
 DIVISION v.— NORTH SIDE. 
 
 Bloomsbury, West, ^c. 
 The north side of the parish contained, in the early times of the hospital, 
 two principal districts or partitions; namely, the land belonging to that 
 
 foundation. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— BLOOMSBURY, WEST. 151 
 
 foundation, and the land then called Blemund's Land, and afterwards Ble- Antient 
 mundesbury ; the former consisting of the Pitaunce Croft, or Hospital Close, ^i^^^ °l 
 and its adjoining land; and the latter of the present Bloomsbury. Their in. 
 extent, lengthways, was from the way called Tottenham-court Road, west, to 
 St. Andrew Holborn parish, east ; and breadthways, from St. Giles's-street and 
 Holbom, south, to the parish of St. Pancras, north. 
 
 The half forming the present division, commenced at its western extremity 
 with the Via de Tottenhall, and ran eastward to Russel's and Blemund's Land ; 
 its south and north sides being formed by St. Giles's High-street, and the 
 prebend of Tottenhall (*^). The following were the antient estates on it : — 
 
 Pitaunce Croft. — This inclosure is described in the licence to convey 
 to Wymond Carewe, as " one close lying before the great gate of the said 
 hospital, containing, by estimation, sixteen acres ;" and is not otherwise men- 
 tioned by name. But in the old grants it is called the " Pitaunce Croft," and 
 sometimes " Land of the Church," " Land of the Master and Brothers," 
 " The Croft of the said Master ;" and in one or two instances, " The Garden 
 of the Master," &c. " in soka Blemundi." The estates anciently on, or ad- 
 joining the Pitaunce Croft, are particularized in the account of the hospital 
 possessions. 
 
 The land forming the north side of St. Giles's-street, (which we include in Pitaunce 
 this division, though not strictly in Bloomsbury,) was about one hundred feet ^^^^^ Ditch. 
 deep from the road side to the Pitaunce Croft ; from which it was divided by 
 a great ditch, called the Pitaunce Croft Ditch. This slip of land, and its con- 
 tinuation eastward, seem to have been from the earliest times the most inha- 
 bited part of the parish ; and contained, as far back as the reigns of John and 
 Henry IH, a considerable number of houses, whose gardens ran down to the 
 ditch. Most of these dwellings, it has been noticed, were as at present, shops, 
 and occupied by the better sort of parishioners ; the sirnames of their owner* 
 being generally taken from the trades or professions they carried on ('''). 
 
 The land east of the Pitaunce Croft was in great part owned by SemaU' 
 Russel, whose residence was there, and appears before the Dissolution to have ' • 
 
 been laid into that enclosure. In a grant from him, of a portion of it to 
 
 William 
 (**) Tottenhall was a lordship belonging the fee simple of the manor was vested ia 
 to the deans of St. Paul's, before the Con- the late Lord Southampton and liis heirs 
 quest. It was demised to the crown in the latter paying an annuity, in lien of a re- 
 1560, and has been always since held on served rent, to the prebendary of Tottenhall. 
 lease. By an act of parliament in 1768, C*^) See chap. iv. for several of them. 
 
152 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 State of north 
 side as built 
 on. 
 
 Waynard- 
 lane, Law- 
 rence-lane, 
 &c. 
 
 Church- 
 street. 
 
 Well's Yard. 
 
 Eagle and 
 Child Alley. 
 
 William de Tottenhall, it is described as the said Seman Russel's curtilage or 
 garden. He likewise possessed part of the land on the north side of St. Giles's- 
 
 street. 
 
 In 1623, the buildings from the north-west end of St. Giles's-street, to the 
 commencement of Bloomsbury, are descsibed as follows. " North side of the 
 town to the Horse-shoe," forty houses assessed. " Dixon's-alley," running 
 from St. Giles's-street, twenty houses. " Eagle and Childe-alley," thirty-seven 
 houses. The following streets, &c. on this site were built afterwards. 
 
 Bainbridge-streetandBuckridge-street. — These streetswere both erected 
 before I672, and derive their names from their owners, Messrs. Bainbridge and 
 Buckridge, two eminent parishioners in the reign of Charles II('^). The 
 former, " which falleth into St. Giles's, near the pound, hath a small place 
 called Maynard-lane, which falleth into Lawrence -lane." — " Buckridge- 
 street, situate on the west side of Dyot-street, is another narrow and ordinary 
 place, which falls into St. Giles's by the Pound, also, and is over-against 
 Hog-lane" (*')• Both these streets, with some of the places next named, 
 stand on the site of the Pitaunce Croft. They are, as is indeed the whole 
 neighbourhood, inhabited by the lowest order of people. 
 
 Church-street. — Running in a parallel line with Buckridge-street, but 
 more south, is Church-street, to which the approach from St. Giles's was 
 through a passage opposite the church, called Banister's-alley, (which has long 
 been discontinued as a thoroughfare, and now forms part of a timber yard) ; to 
 the left of which was also Church-lane, a thoroughfare turning to the left, and 
 leading across Buckridge-street to Bainbridge-street. " There, on the north 
 side of Bainbridge-street, near Tottenham Road, is Well's-yard, very ordinary, 
 and scarce worth naming." (♦*) Most of these places derived their names from 
 their original builders or owners, as has been instanced in the cases of Bainbridge 
 and Buckridge-streets; and the names of others were probably owing to accident. 
 Church-street and Church-lane, might be so called from their nearly facing the 
 church, or standing on the antient church land of the Pitaunce Croft, if that cir- 
 cumstance were generally known when they were built. Eagle and Child-alley, 
 
 was 
 
 (**) William Bainbridge, left money 
 for erecting a gallery in the church, the 
 rents of which were to be applied towards the 
 relief of the poor, and will be found further 
 noticed in the account of the church, &c. 
 
 (*') Strype's Stowe. 
 
 C") The site of Well's-yard, has lately 
 been added to the extensive brewery of 
 Messrs. Henry Meux and Co. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF-BLOOMSBURY, WEST. 153 
 
 was another court on this site, but which stood more eastwards, and against 
 the almshouses. It has been noticed as one of the early places in this divi- 
 sion, having been built on before 1623, at which time it was of considerable 
 respectability. It probably took its name from some public house on the spot 
 bearing the sign of the Eagle and Child, of which there is a well known story 
 extant. The site is now called " Hampshire Hog Yard." 
 
 Dyot-street — " Cometh out of Great Russell-street, and falleth into St. 
 Giles's, almost against Monmouth-street. It is very long, with buildings and 
 inhabitants answerable to the rest of these streets. And at the upper end of 
 this street, eastwards, is Nottingham-street (*')> which falleth into Plumtree- 
 street, but short, narrow and ordinary" (♦*). Dyot-street derived its origin, 
 though not its name, from the Maidenhead Inn, which stands near the south Maidenhead 
 end of the street, and was originally called "Maidenhead Close," and " Maiden- 0103^*** 
 head Row ;" (as see in the account of that inn.) Its denomination of Dyot- 
 street, it received from Richard Dyot, esq. a parishioner and vestryman in the 
 reign of Charles II, who then owned the estate and resided on the spot. 
 Dyot House, this residence, still standing in Dyot-street, and which was, until 
 of late years inhabited by his descendant Philip Dyot, esq. will be found noticed 
 hereafter. The street is now called George-street. 
 
 The whole of the neighbourhood, which includes this, and the places before charlotte- 
 described, with the exception of the streets by which they are inclosed. Plum- ^'''^®'- 
 tree-street and its continuation Charlotte-street, on the east ; Great Russell- 
 street, on the north ; and Tottenham-court road, and High-street, on the 
 west and south ; are at present remarkable only for the general poverty and 
 depravity of their inhabitants. The vast numbers of Irish on this spot, render 
 it probable that this is the part of the parish where they first settled; certain 
 it is, that it has been proverbially notorious for their residence for considerably 
 more than a century. 
 
 Dirt, and an appearance of extreme indigence, are the characteristics of the Lowinha- 
 
 whole of this quarter. The streets narrow, and the houses for the most part ^'^"^s m 
 
 '^ Uyot-street, 
 
 old and ruinous, present, with the squalid looks of the inhabitants, a picture &c. 
 
 of wretchedness scarcely to be equalled in any other part of the metropolis. 
 
 Much of this misery, however, it must be confessed, is rather apparent than 
 
 . real. 
 
 (*') Probably so named from Henry Plumtree, esq. of 'Nottingham, who built the 
 street near it, which bears his name. See Plumtree-street. 
 (*") Strvpe's Stowe. 
 
 X 
 
■^S4, ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 ■ real. The mode of living followed by the people who dwell here is such as 
 they prefer, and arises more from choice than necessity ; drink and profligacy 
 consume what would in many instances supply the decent necessaries of life j 
 and though the very centre of mendicity, perhaps more money is expended 
 wastefully in it, than serves to maintain the inhabitants of far more respectable 
 neighbourhoods. 
 
 Plumtree-street. — This took its name, as just observed, from Henry 
 Plumtree, of Nottingham, esq. its builder j who received a demise of the 
 ground, &c. for that purpose, from the owner, John Buggin, esq. of North 
 Cray, in the year 1686. The description of the land and premises so leased, 
 acquaints us with the nature of the spot at this time, which, though perhaps 
 not regularly built on, was then covered with numerous dwellings and erec- 
 tions. It specifies, " All those messuages, stables, coach-houses, or tenements 
 and yards, situate in a certain place called the Old Town of St. Giles's, for- 
 merly in the occupation of Robert Goff, vintner." — " Two messuages or 
 tenements, adjoining the last mentioned, late in the occupation of John Wood- 
 man, cheesemonger." — " Two other messuages or tenements, next the above, 
 in the occupation of Ralph Deacon j with two other messuages adjoining 
 them, then in the occupation of George Cartwright." — "And also all that piece 
 of ground adjoining some of the before-mentioned premises, in the occu- 
 pation of Walter Bigg, esq. (*''). All which premises contained in front, from 
 east to west, 147 feet ; and in depth, from north to south, 156 feet ; abutting 
 east upon Vine-street ; west and north on hereditaments of David Bigg, esq. ; 
 Plumtree- and south, on the great street called St. Giles's." In this lease, the lessee 
 covenanted to build on the site of the said premises, a street regularly on both 
 sides, to lead from the high street, to the ground of the said David Bigg ; 
 which was accordingly erected, and is the present Plumtree-street. It is con- 
 tinued by Charlotte-street, which is of a very superior description, and 
 whose houses and inhabitants are of considerable respectability. 
 
 Bedford-square, Gower-street, and other streets, squares, &c. beyond this 
 and Great Russell-street, northwards, (now forming part of Bloomsbury parish,) 
 will be noticed in the account of the next division. 
 
 DIVISION 
 
 (*') Querj', If Major Walter Bi'gg, an found in the biographical part of this work ? 
 active parishioner in the time of the Inter- or it might be his son. 
 rcgnum, and of whom an account will be 
 
 street built. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF~BLOOMSBURY, EAST. 155 
 
 DIVISION VI.— NORTH SIDE. 
 Bloomsbury, East. 
 This division, with part of the fifth division last described, contains the 
 manor of Bloomsbury, east and west. The name of this part of the parish 
 has already been accounted for. William Blemund, or, as he is sometimes 
 called, Blemmot, was lord of this manor in the reign of Henry III, and for 
 some years afterwards, who witnesses several of the hospital deeds of that 
 period j at which time it was generally mentioned under the name of " Ble- 
 mund's Land," (Terr'de Blemund,) "Blemund's Fee," (Feod'de Blemund,) &c. 
 as will be further seen in the account of the manor itself. Modern times have 
 changed the name of Blemundsbury to Bloomsbury. The account of the 
 hospital possessions, Chap. IV. compared with the plan of them, will sufficiently 
 explain the situation, and other particulars of the estate on this division, at 
 the remote period mentioned. 
 
 From a reference to these, it appears that but little of Bloomsbury was then 
 inhabited ; the principal part on which buildings stood, being the north side 
 of St. Giles's-street, and before the ditch. In the early part of the reign of 
 Elizabeth, Southampton House seems to have been almost the only building 
 in this part of Bloomsbury. And in this unbuilt state it probably continued for 
 several years afterwards, as, in a deed in the reign of James I, it is denomi- 
 nated " a certain parcel of land called Bloomsbury ;" the tythes of which 
 are there said to have been sold to one Samuel Knowles. By the year 1623, Bloomsbury, 
 however, a neighbourhood had began to accumulate both in the west and east 
 parts of Bloomsbury, when the following places and houses were assessed ; 
 viz. " street side of Bloomsbury," nineteen houses ; " north side of Blooms- Assessment 
 bury," eleven houses ; " Bloomsbury, west side," thirty-seven houses ; " east 3 ^ ^°* 
 side of Bloomsbury," forty-five houses ; and " Little-alley, in Bloomsbury," 
 twenty-four houses. From this time to the latter end of the reign of Charles I, 
 little further increase of building took place ; nearly the whole of Bloomsbury, 
 with the exception of the places specified, being marked as fields in the plans 
 of that time, particularly in the plan of London as fortified by order of par- 
 liament (*'). 
 
 Montagu 
 
 • (*') In this plan, one of the parliament walk, when he wrote his History of London, 
 forts, which Maitland mentions as standing is shown, with Southampton House itself, 
 TarViament at the noFth end of Southampton but scarcely any other buildings. This 
 htuteriei. House garden, then the terras military work, as there drawn, seems to have 
 
 consisted 
 X 2 
 
IS6 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 State as built 
 on. 
 
 Great 
 Russell- 
 street. 
 
 Southamp- 
 ton, Mon- 
 tagu, and 
 Thanet 
 House. 
 
 Montagu House, erected before I676, seems to have led the way to the 
 building of several others on this spot(+'), and to the laying out of the various 
 streets on its scite ; Bloom sbury Market only, and a few places near it, having 
 been previously built, as is proved from tradesmen's tokens, who resided there 
 soon after the Restoration ('"). Thanet House, to the west of it, arose near 
 the same time, with some others, but which were then thought to stand 
 quite in the country. Before I7OO, the plans of London show the whole of 
 Bloomsbury, as far back north as Southampton and Montagu Houses, with 
 both sides of Great Russell-street, &c. completely covered with streets and 
 buildings. 
 
 The following are the names of some of the principal streets and places on 
 this division, with such particulars concerning them as we have been able to 
 collect: — 
 
 Great Russell-street — Described in I7OS, as " a very spacious and hand- 
 some street, between King-street, Bloomsbury, north-east, and Tottenham- 
 court road, west; its length 725 yards, and from Charing-cross, north, 1,170 
 yards." — "Great Russell-street" (Strype's Stowe, ed. 1720) " is a very hand- 
 some lai-ge and well built street, graced with the best buildings in all 
 Bloomsbury, and the best inhabited by the nobility and gentry, (especially 
 the north side as having gardens behind the houses, and the prospect of the 
 pleasant fields up to Hampstead and Highgate,) insomuch, as this place is 
 esteemed the most healthful of any in London. This street takes its begin- 
 ning at King-street, and runs westward into Tottenham-court road, being 
 of great length ; and in its passage, saluteth Southampton House, Montagu 
 House, and Thanet House ; all three the seats of noblemen. But for 
 stateliness of building, and curious gardens, Montagu House hath the pre- 
 eminence, as indeed of all houses within the cities of London and Westminster, 
 and the adjacent parishes." The name of this street is evidently derived from 
 the ducal family of Russell, whose residence (Bedford House) has given way 
 within this few years only, to the newly erected streets and square which 
 
 stand 
 
 consisted of two batteries and a breast zcork. 
 In the same plate is represented a redoubt, 
 with two flanks, near St. Giles's pound ; as 
 also a small fort at the east end of Tyburn 
 road, or Oxford-street, opposite the Crown 
 public-house, at the corner of Hog-lane. 
 (*')"! ah May 1676 "(says Mr. Evelyn in 
 
 his Diary) " I went to see Mr. Montagu's 
 new palace near Bloomsbury, built by Mr. 
 Hooke, a member of the Royal Society, 
 after the French manner." 
 
 ('°) See them among the plates, chap. 
 IV. of this account. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— BLOOMSBURY, EAST. 157 
 
 stand on its scite ; viz. BedfoTd-pIace, Russell-square, &c. It is rather a 
 singular circumstance, that a family of the name of Russel, and apparently 
 parishioners of consequence, should have owned several estates on this spot, 
 as far back as Henry III, (as may be seen in the account of estates in the fifth 
 division). Whether they had any, and what connection, with the present 
 house of Russell, does not appear. 
 
 Bloomsbury-square. — This spacious area, it has been before noticed, was Bloomsbury 
 originally called Southampton-square ; and the noble mansion, formerly stand- '^"^'^^" 
 ing on its north side (late Bedford House,) Southampton House. The origin 
 of both these appellations is to be traced to the earls of Southampton, lords 
 of the manor before the Bedford family, who, on acquiring that and the 
 manorial residence, changed the name of the latter to Bedford House ; soon 
 after which the square came to be called Bloomsbury-square. The names of Names of 
 the rows forming the east, west and north sides of the square were in 1720, [of^w* early 
 Seymour-row, Allington-row, and Vernon-row ; the north .side was formed built on. 
 by Bedford House. Bloomsbury-square was erected in the way it now 
 appears, much about the same time with Russell-street. The earls of 
 Chesterfield had long a mansion here, and it still boasts of many large and 
 noble houses. " Its form is a parallelogram ; the area contains about three 
 acres and a half." 
 
 Bloomsbury-market. — This, it. has been observed, was among the earlier Bloomsbury 
 erections on this spot, but seems never to have flourished in any great degree. ^^^'''^^'• 
 In 1720 it is described, as " a long place with two market-houses, the one for 
 flesh and the other for fish ; but of small account, by reason the market is of so 
 little use and so ill served with provisions ; insomuch, that the inhabitants deal 
 elsewhere." And this character it still retains, exhibiting little of that bustle 
 and business which distinguishes similar establishments. " It stands on the 
 north-west side, and towards the south-west end of High Holborn, near south 
 from the square, and between Vernon-row and Castle-street." 
 
 KiNGSGATE-sTREET — Bounds the parish, and stands to the east of Blooms- 
 bury-square. It is only remarkable for the circumstance from which it derives 
 its name. In the reign of James I, it was a mere country lane, with a barred 
 gate a;t its entrance ('"); which gate, from that monarch's usually passing it, 
 and riding this way in his journeys to Theobalds, received the denomination Road to 
 of " King's Gate." And thence the street subsequently built on its site was Theobalds. 
 
 called 
 (") Shown in various old plans of London. 
 
158 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Kingsgate. 
 
 Duke-street. 
 
 Silver-street, 
 Lion-street, 
 Gilbert- 
 street, Little 
 Russell- 
 street, Castle- 
 street, Hart- 
 street, 
 Phoenix- 
 street, &c. 
 
 Peter-street, 
 Queen- 
 street, Bow- 
 street (now 
 Museum- 
 street.) 
 
 Hyde-street. 
 Mr Hyde. 
 
 called at first Kingsgate-roarf, and afterwards Kingsgate-street. And Theo- 
 balds Road, to which it leads, acquired its name from the same cause. The 
 tavern adjoining the King's Gate, called Kingsgate Tavern, formerly the Vine, 
 was a celebrated house of entertainment in the reigns of the Charles's, and is 
 mentioned frequently in the parish books. King-street, running in a parallel 
 direction with the above, but a little more westwards, we may suppose took its 
 name from the circumstance we have stated, of the same king's often passing 
 near it. It has of late years been handsomely rebuilt, but is described in I720, 
 " very long, running northwards to the fields, and the side to the east best 
 inhabited, as having gardens at the backsides." 
 
 The other streets, &c. on this division, we shall briefly enumerate from 
 Strype's Stowe, which describes them as in 1720. 
 
 " Southampton-street. — Very spacious, with good houses well inhabited, 
 and resorted unto by gentry for lodgings, which said street cometh out of 
 Holborn, and fronts the square called Southampton-square." — " Duke-street, 
 cometh out of Great Russell-street, and passing by Little Russell-street and 
 Castle-street, falls into St. Giles's through a narrow passage of a brewhouse." 
 The vicinity of Duke-street to the ducal residences of Montagu and Bedford 
 Houses, very well accounts for its name ; and Little, like Great Russell-street, 
 was no doubt so called in compliment to the Russell family. " Silver-street, 
 running from Southampton-street to the Market-place, is indifferent well 
 built and inhabited. Then on the south of the Market is Lion-street, but 
 short, and gives an entrance into Holborn. Gilbert-street, which with Little 
 Russell-street, fall on the backside of AUington-row, used for coach-houses 
 and stables ; these streets are but very ordinary. Castle-street, hath on the 
 east side Hart-street, a good broad street, and on the west side Phcenix- 
 street, both which are but ordinary : Here also is a small place called Castle 
 Yard j Brewer-street, also of no great account ; as is Peter-street, which 
 is but short. Queen-street, opposite to Montagu House, is a good broad 
 street indifferently well built and inhabited. Bow-stueet comes out of Hol- 
 born and falls into Peter-street, dividing Hart-street from Brewer-street, both 
 narrow streets, and not over well inhabited." Hyde-street was probably 
 built by Mr. Hyde, a respectable parishioner and vestryman in the reign of 
 Charles 11. It is a tolerable good street, and is situated between Bloomsbury 
 Market, east, and the meeting of Peter-street, Bow-street, and Brewer-street, 
 west. 
 
 On 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OP—BLOOMSBURY, EAST. 159 
 
 Of the numerous modern streets and places built to the north of Blooms- 
 bury, including Bedford and Russell, with part of Brunswick-square, and the 
 various other new built streets, &c. all of which now form part of the parish 
 of St. George Bloomsbury, it is sufficient to observe, that they are for the 
 most part large, handsome and airy, and are filled with first-rate houses 
 and buildings, but have nothing independently of those circumstances to excite 
 attention. 
 
I£i0 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Boundaries 
 of parish 
 early dis- 
 puted. 
 
 Western 
 boundary. 
 
 Colman's 
 )iedge. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 ANTIENT STATE OF THE BOUNDARIES OF ST. GILES'S PARISH. 
 
 Extreme South-ivestern Boundary- — Account of Eldcstrate, or Old-street', 
 Colmanneshegg, and Estates at; Merslade, Langmere. — Tlie Elms, or 
 Long Acre ; South-east side Boundary. — Via Regia de Aldetiych, or Drury- 
 lane; Aldewych Field, South and East Sides. — Fikattesfeld ; Fickets Croft, 
 or Little Lincoln's Inn Fields ; Account of Lincoln's Lin, the Old Temple, 
 Cotterel Garden, S^c. — Holbom Bars, and Estates at; Holborn Cross. — 
 Manor of Portpole ; Gray's Inn, and Red Lion Fields ; North and North- 
 west Boundaries, S^x. 
 
 THE boundaries of this parish, like various others, having occasionally 
 been a subject of dispute, an investigation of their antient state and history- 
 will be attempted in this Chapter. Besides its local interest, the subject is 
 in itself curious, and intimately connected with other parts of this account ; 
 particularly from the circumstance of St. Giles's hospital having owned much 
 of the surrounding land, and from its grants containing the earliest descrip- 
 tion of it. To afford a clearer idea of the several places mentioned, and their 
 relative situation with respect to each other and to the parish, the accompany- 
 ing plan is prefixed, in which the various dwellings and estates will be found 
 localized from the hospital grants. The modern state of the boundaries not 
 coming within the plan of this work, we shall forbear to speak of. 
 
 BOUNDARIES OF THE FIRST DIVISION. 
 
 The boundaries of this division commenced at its western extremity, at 
 Town's End, with the street antiently called Eldestrate. This highway has 
 been described. (') On the western side of Eldestrate, and nearly opposite 
 the hospital garden, was 
 
 Cohereshaghe, or Colmanneshegg, 
 which is frequently mentioned in the antient grants as the site of various of 
 the hospital estates. In the exchange with Henry VIII, this spot is called 
 Colman's-hedge, and Colman's-hedge field j at which time it was part of the 
 
 " Campis 
 (') See p. 110—111. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— ITS BOUNDARIES. I6l 
 
 " Campis de Westmonaster," and was bounded on the north-west by the parish 
 of Mary-le-bone. Colman's-hedge contained part of the marshland on the 
 south ; Longemere beyond it west ; Longesmale-land, or Longesmale-acre, 
 north ; with several other places, most of which, if not originally included in 
 St. Giles's parish, formed part of the hospital possessions before the Dissolution. 
 The southern boundary of this division, was the land since called Long-acre. 
 
 Of the antient state of these different places and their owners, we are 
 furnished with the following particulars from the hospital grants : — 
 
 The hospital estates, in the fields of Westminster, began nearly opposite the Hospital es- 
 north-west corner of the hospital garden, at a small distance from the end of geyg ^f 
 the present Oxford-street, and continued to the Mews and Charinar-cross. Westminster 
 
 ^ • , , 1 . at the back 
 
 That part of them strictly constitutmg the parish boundaries were : 1. An acre of hospital 
 of land of Henry de Belgrave, described as situate in " suburb' hospit' sci 6^™^"*- 
 Egidij," and lying breadthways between land of the same hospital called 
 Longesmale-land, north ; and other land of the same hospital, bought by 
 them of the same Henry Belgrave, south ; and which acre of ground, called 
 Longesmale-acre, abutted upon the west side of the lane called Colmanneshegg ; 
 and opposite the west -end of the road (Le Lane) running under the said 
 hospital (sup'iter extensum sub p'dcum hospitale.) 2. An acre of land, 
 adjoining the above, mentioned to have been sold to the hospital by Henry de 
 Belgrave, described as situate " in campis Wesmonast', subtus hospit' sci 
 Egidij," abutting south, on land which Peter Hutte held of the fee of William 
 de Septem Fontibus, and which the said Peter leased to the brothers of 
 St. Giles, extending to Oldestrate, east, &c. ; " et extendit se a vetero vico 
 usc^ ad corneram gardinu ejusdem hospit." 3. Two acres of land, one of 
 them called Longesmale-acre, demised to the hospital by Richard, son of John 
 de Westmonaster', adjoining the above, north, and described as two acres of 
 land which Richard Kya, or Kur, held against the garden of the same hos. 
 pital, extending east to the way called Eldestrate, at the corner of the orchard 
 of the same brothers and sisters. 4. Land adjoining the last, granted by 
 Richard, son of Edward (Faber,) and described as " all that his land and 
 garden, situate lengthways between the land of Humphrey, on the west j and 
 the common way behind the hospital garden (retro gardinu mor') east ; and 
 breadthways between land of Edward (quondam prsetonis) south, and land of 
 Paulinus Senex, north. 5. An acre of land (the second) granted to hospital 
 ^y the aforesaid Henry de Belgrave, described as lying in the fields of 
 
 y Westminster, 
 
 # 
 
162 
 
 Merslade, 
 
 Langemere, 
 
 &c. 
 
 Hospital es- 
 tates at, and 
 how describ- 
 ed in the an- 
 tient grants. 
 
 Exchanged 
 with Henry 
 VIIL 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Westminster, near the land which he lately granted to the brothers, &c. 
 opposite Cohereshogg, and extending to Eldestrate. 
 
 Westminster, Merslade, — Langemere, ^c. 
 
 6. Three roods of land demised to the hospital by Lucia de Belgrave, lying 
 in the place called Le Meryslade, in Westminster, 3d Edw. I. 7. Twelve 
 marks of silver, arising from a tenement in Westminster j also two shillings 
 and sixpence annual quit-rent, with a cock and two chickens, and all third 
 day works in autumn, receivable from lands which the hospital held of the gift 
 of the late Adam de Basinge, situate in the field called Le Merslade in the 
 vill of Westminster. 8. Half an acre of arable land, granted to the hospital 
 by Ralph de Cruce, and confirmed by Thomas Peute, lying in the fields of 
 Westminster. 9. An acre of land granted by Robert de Waneden to hospital, 
 situate as above, lying between land of Robert Burnell, south, and land of the 
 same hospital, north ; and extending breadthways to the land next Colmannes- 
 hegg on the west j and to the land of Robert de Gervimine east. — N. B. Roger 
 de Clare, master of St. Giles, afterwards granted to Roger de Leycestr', the 
 same acre of land, cum "vestura bladi superestenf . 10. An acre of land of 
 Juliana de Gay ton, granted to the hospital in exchange for half an acre of 
 land behind the hospital garden in soka Blemundi ; described as an acre of her 
 land lying in the fields of Westminster, behind the garden of the same hospital, 
 west, and other land of the gift of Robert the linen-draper, east. 11. An acre 
 of land, granted by Gervase de sci Egidio, described as lying in Westminster, in 
 the field called Langemere, between land of Bartholomew Springold, east ; 
 and other land of same Bartholomew and of hospital, west ; and extending 
 from the king's highway unto land of same Bartholomew, south. — ^N. B. This 
 land in a subsequent grant is described as one acre of land in Westminster, 
 lying at Langemere, abutting upon the king's highway leading to Gibbe, 
 north. 12. An acre of land adjoining the last, and granted as above, described 
 as one acre of land at Langemere, lying between the land of Bartholomew 
 Springold and Alicia Webbe, east ; and land of the same Bartholomew and 
 William Trentemaris, west. 13. Land granted by Peter Hutte to the hospital, 
 lying in the field called Langemere, between land of the same hospital, and 
 land of Joi Boti, and extending from the orchard of the same brothers and 
 sisters which is by the king's highway, called Oldestrate. 
 
 The greater part of this land (the several plots of which amount altogether 
 
 to 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— ITS BOUNDARIES. 163 
 
 to about twelve acres) was possessed by the hospital till the exchange with 
 
 Henry VIII, when it was conveyed to him by the description of " two acres 
 
 of pasture, lying in the fields of St. Martyn's ; (') five acres of pasture lying 
 
 in a certain close near Colmanhedge ; and five acres of pasture lying in 
 
 Colmanhedge field, all being in the said village of Saynt Gyles " ('). It Western 
 
 appears to have been built on, much about the same time with the Seven Dials, ^^^^^ j,yjit' 
 
 and at present contains a considerable part of the populous neighbourhoods of ""• 
 
 Old Compton-street and Soho-square. The parish of St. Anne (in which the 
 
 whole is now included) was created by act of Parliament, 30 Car. II ; and 
 
 the church finished in pursuance of another act, 1 Jac. II, by which the Formation of 
 
 inhabitants were authorized to raise money to build a church to be a parish parish""^ * 
 
 church there ; which was built accordingly, and a church-yard, or ceijietary, 
 
 marked out and inclosed on a parcel of ground then called Kemp's field. 
 
 " Somewhere near this field, and antiently part of the parish of St. Martin in the Antient 
 
 fields, was also a field, called St. James's Field, and a hill called Melle "f™^* "^ 
 
 places on its 
 
 HiLLE, together with a place called the Donne ; as appears in record 9 Ric. II, site. " Melle 
 
 Hill " " St 
 wherein six acres of land in St. James's field, and three roods and one acre james's 
 
 apud le Donne in St. Martini in campis, are granted to Stephen Chise. This Fields," &c. 
 
 Down was a large piece of commonable land, some part whereof was in St. Giles's ^ °'^"' 
 
 parish, as is evidenced by another record, 20 Ric. II, wherein there is stated 
 
 to be granted to John de Bellemonte, knt. " five acres sur le Donne in 
 
 St. Giles's." 
 
 The above information is furnished by Strype, from papers he possessed. Contention 
 
 once belonging to the Lord Treasurer Brughley. It appears from them, that common'on'''^ 
 
 the parishioners of St. Margaret's, and St. Martin's, had about the year 1592, 
 
 a violent contest with the then holders of these, and other lands adjacent, 
 
 respecting a certain right which the former claimed, of having them thrown 
 
 open annually, for a given period from Lammas-day, for the purpose of com- 
 
 moning ; 
 
 (*) Westminster fields, which was the eels of land exchanged being described 
 
 name this whole tract of ground was ori- as " all being in the said village of Saynt 
 
 ginally called by (the parish of St. Mar- Gyles," that the village, though not parish, 
 
 garet then comprehending the whole of extended into the fields of Westminster. 
 
 Westminster and its liberties,) came, on the In 1679, St. Giles's being indicted by not 
 
 erection of St. Martin's parish, to be deno- repairing Old-street, or Hog-lane, as it was 
 
 niinated the fields of St. Martin's, or St. then called, pleaded its not being a public 
 
 Martin's fields, as in this conveyance. highway, and that it had never been re- 
 
 (' ) It should seem, from the several par- paired by them. 
 
 y 2 
 
164 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Western 
 boundary, 
 when leased 
 by the crown. 
 
 Western 
 boundary, 
 Eubery farm, 
 The Neat, 
 St. James's 
 farm, &c. 
 
 Hospital 
 estates in the 
 western 
 boundary. 
 
 moning ; and which right they deduced from Henry VIII. As the discussions 
 which took place on this occasion, tend to throw some light, not only on the 
 then state of this part of the boundaries, but the connection which St. Giles's 
 parish itself had with them ; it will be worth while to take a concise view of the 
 documents and evidence which the two parishes brought forward : — 
 
 From the different statements made in them it seems, that at the Dissolution, 
 or probably as early as the exchange with Radcliffe, the whole land west of 
 St. Giles's parish, as well that which had belonged to the hospital as other, 
 extending to Tyburn, Knightesbridge, and Chelsea, had been leased by the 
 crown to various tenants, reserving to the parishes before-named the aforesaid 
 right of commoning. This privilege had been exercised and remained 
 undisputed until the reign of Elizabeth, when the persons holding these lands 
 of the queen, and which are particularized to consist of Eubery farm, 
 the Neat, St. James's farm, and divers parcels of the possessions of Burton 
 St. Lazarus, thought proper to inclose the same with gates and hedges (*). 
 This encroachment the inhabitants of St. Margaret's, &c. resisted, and with 
 pick-axes and spades pulled the whole down and threw the fields open ; and, 
 an inquiry being made as to the right, several witnesses were examined. 
 William Wood, yeoman, and constable of St. Giles's parish, deposed as to the 
 violence used in breaking down the fences ; and the other depositions were 
 chiefly to the same point ; for all which those parishes claimed indemnification, 
 for the reasons stated. On the other hand, the farmers of the grounds 
 petitioned the queen, and declared, if such custom were allowed, their pro- 
 perty must be ruined. To this it was answered by the parishes, as to the 
 Down generally, that it did not produce the queen eight-pence an acre ; that 
 various parts of it had been underlet, and that those tenants had inclosed it 
 for their private commodity ; and as to the St. Giles's hospital estates in par- 
 ticular, it was stated — " That there were certain parcels of land, by estimation 
 fifty acres, holden of her Majesty by lease, some time of the possession of 
 Burton St. Lazarus of Jerusalem, which in times past had been Lammas and 
 errable, which were then divided, hedged and ditched, for meadow and 
 
 pasture. 
 
 (*) Of these places, Eubery or Aubery 
 farm, lay towards Chelsea. The Neat was 
 that part of Westminster where the " Neat 
 houses " were lately situate, towards Tothil- 
 fields. St. James's farm occupied part of 
 the present site of St. James's-square ; and 
 
 the parcels of land, part of the possessions 
 of Burton St. Lazar, were the estates above 
 described as belonging to St. Giles's hospi- 
 tal, and which came to the former by 
 the grant of St. Giles's, in the reign of 
 Edward III. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— ITS BOUNDARIES. 
 
 165 
 
 pasture, and ought to be common at Lammas ; but which were then inclosed 
 by the tenant, one John Dawson, contrary to such liberty." It does not 
 appear how this dispute terminated. 
 
 By these documents we learn, that the whole of the St. Giles's estates west- Their quan- 
 ward of the hospital, amounted to fifty acres ; and this quantity by no means ^^^^ of acres, 
 disagrees with the hospital grants, which enumerate twenty-seven acres of land, , 
 besides other ground, the quantity of which is not mentioned, viz. 
 
 12 acres at, and near Cholmaneshagg 
 9 D" next Spitel-strete, Charing-cross 
 1 D° next Aulesmore - - - _ . 
 4 D" (a walled garden) next the Mews 
 
 27 acres besides -_-___. 
 
 — acres, a garden at Cherryng - 
 
 — land at Haggeheggee, 8cc. 
 
 Granted to hospital by Belgrave, &c. 
 
 Granted by 
 parish. 
 
 the rector of St. Clements 
 
 Names and 
 situation. 
 
 Grantor unknown. 
 
 f Granted by John Mugge, rector of St. 
 'I Clements. (') 
 
 It is probable that all the above land was leased by the crown immediately 
 it became possessed of it. The change in its antient state, from gardens and 
 corn fields to arable, seems to have taken place in consequence of Henry VIII 
 wishing to afford the parishioners of St. Margaret's and St. Martin's this privi- 
 lege of commoning on them, and they were, most likely, let on that condition. 
 A few years after this contention, most of the ground abutting on St. Martin's- 
 lane was built on, and the subsequent formation of St. Anne's parish, as just 
 stated, caused the whole site to be covered with buildings. 
 
 From this statement, it appears that no further back than the close of 
 Elizabeth's reign, the whole of this extensive district, reaching westward from 
 St. Giles's as far as Hyde Park, and towards Knightsbridge and Chelsea, and 
 north, and south, from the entrance of Oxford-street to Tothill fields, was (with 
 very few exceptions) a mere common, and let out for pasturage. The ground- 
 rent, now immense, then scarcely amounting to fifty pounds per annum. Of the 
 St. Giles's estates (the more particular object of this inquiry,) there appears 
 to have been at the above period, only one holder (John Dawson,) though in 
 the reign of Henry III, almost every acre had a separate tenant. With these 
 different states, the accompanying plan of the boundaries, and the plan of 
 Ralph Aggas, in the reign of Elizabeth, will be found strictly to agree. In 
 the former, the partitions of land are numerous ; in the latter, the same land 
 will be found to be nearly an open plain, only divided by roads j and its 
 
 commonable 
 ( ' ) See account of hospital possessions, Chap. IV. 
 
 Alteration in 
 state of hos- 
 pital estates 
 on the west 
 boundary, 
 and why. 
 
 Their dif- 
 ference in an 
 tient and 
 modern 
 times. 
 
166 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Hospital 
 estates at 
 "LeDown." 
 
 NearCharing 
 cross. 
 
 South boun- 
 dary. 
 
 Elm-close or 
 Long-acre. 
 
 commonable state marked by its laying open to passengers and cattle, and 
 by females washing and drying clothes in it. 
 
 The name of Down, seems to have been applied to the west side of the 
 marsh-land, or rather it was included in that general appellation ; and this 
 might have been ihejive acres which Richard II granted to sir John Bellemonte, 
 as just mentioned, (*) it being about the amount unappropriated in the hospital 
 grants, as also that side of the marsh-land which they do not notice ; though 
 how it became vested in the crown, unless it was by that monarch's seizure of 
 the custody and estates of St. Giles's hospital, (^) does not appear. In the roll, 
 4 Will. & Mary, Marsh-land is stated to be " parcel of the manor of St. James 
 in the fields." It had evidently reverted back to the hospital prior to the 
 Dissolution, being enumerated among the premises exchanged by Radcliffe, as 
 " one close of land called Merrsheland." The toft and croft (messuage and 
 close) near Charing-cross, mentioned in the same instrument, with eight acres 
 of land near the Mews, might have been the premises originally given to the 
 hospital by the rector of St. Clements, with which the description of them 
 agrees, excepting that the land so given at the Mews is mentioned as consisting 
 of nine acres, and the land here at eight ('). 
 
 The above places formed the 'western boundary of the first division. Its 
 southern boundary, which we shall next proceed to investigate, was formed 
 chiefly by the north side of the parish of St. Martin in the fields ; compre- 
 hending Elm-close, and Convent-garden. 
 
 The Elms, or Elm Close. 
 This part of the southern boundary (which included the present Long-acre 
 and adjacent streets as far as Castle-street), was antiently called The Elms, and 
 Elm-close (') ; then the Seven Acres ; and in after times, from the length of a 
 
 certain 
 above. The document is intilled, " S. Mar- 
 tinis de R. S. &. alijs, assignatis ad inqui- 
 rendum de terris a regnia concelatis, tarn 
 in parociiia S. Martini juxta Charing- 
 crosse, in commitatu Middlesexias, quam in 
 parochia S. Egidij in campis, Michaelis 
 commissiones, 7 Eliz. Roll 5. 
 
 (') The master, &c. of St. Giles's hos- 
 pital granted in the reign of Edward I, a 
 house situate near the road 
 
 (•) Qy. Might not the name here called 
 Bellemonie, be meant for Blemonte, or 
 BtUtrnmieor Biemund, a descendant of the 
 Bkmonta. owncrs of Blemundesbury, and 
 a parishioner of St. Giles ? The Bellemontes, 
 earls of Leicester, had then been long extinct. 
 
 (' ) See account of hospital, p. 60. 
 
 (' ) In the commencement of Elizabeth's 
 reign, a commission was issued for inquiring 
 Concealed lands into conccaled lands in St. 
 
 tf/S *^^"'"'^ ^"d St. Giles's pa- 
 temp. Etix. rishcs ; it might be some of the 
 
 Elm-cloief 
 
 leadincr to the Elms, by the caiud "Tht 
 description or " a messuage 
 
 and 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— ITS BOUNDARIES. 167 
 
 certain slip of the ground here, then used as a pathway, the Long-adre. 
 It belonged antiently to the Abbey of Westminster ("). 
 
 St. Giles's hospital had only one acre here, which was given by Gerv* 
 de sci Egidio, and is described as " one acre of land which Simon de 
 Aldewych held of him of the fee of Westminster ;" but where situated does 
 not appear. 
 
 This land remained common fields until the beginning of the 17th century, when first 
 About 1610 (the period when Queen-street and neighbourhood were laid out) ^uilton. 
 Long-acre began to be built on in an irregular manner, and soon after the 
 north wall of Convent-garden (which is shown in Speed's plan of Westminster 
 of that date) was taken down, and the present square built there. 
 
 In 1650, a survey (now in the Augmentation Office) was taken by virtue of Survey as to, 
 a commission, grounded upon an act of the Commons of England, of " certain regnum. 
 tenements, &c. (") on a piece of ground called Elm-close, alias Long-acre, 
 part of the bailiwick of St. James, in the parish of St. Martin in the fields ; 
 late parcel of the possessions of Charles Stuart, late king of England." There 
 stood the following buildings, &c. upon this scite : — 
 
 From Lower-end west, to Mercer-street east, there were 10 tenements j streets and 
 worth per annum - - ^.250. glJf'cTse? 
 
 West side of Mercer-street, 10 tenements ; worth per annum - 95. 1650. 
 
 Several of the former of these tenements are described as having gardens, Streets, &c. 
 running down to the Ditch ; meaning the Cock-and-Pye-ditch on the south ^d'pye ^ 
 side of marsh-land, which was not then arched over. An account of the ditch, 
 buildings on the opposite side of Long-acre follows, commencing on the east, 
 and then the west end range of the lower end of Long-acre, in which 
 were — 
 
 Twenty-five tenements (including the Cock) worth per annum - a&.lOO. 
 
 Nine Ditto, west end of Cock-and-Pye-ditch - - - - 10. 
 
 The 
 
 and appurtenances situate breadtliways next ( " ) In a grant of premises in the Strand, 
 land of their house, and abutting east on dated apud crucem lapideam extra bar- 
 land late of Roysia le Bolde, and a mes- rasse Novi Templi (Strand cross,) they are 
 suage of Gresie de Hundeshall; and ex- described as situate between " the garden of 
 tending lengthways from other the hospital the lord abbot of Westminster, and the 
 land on the north, by the king's highway king's highway," (Strand.) 
 leading towards the Elms southward." — See ( " ) From a roll in the Augmentatioa 
 account hospital possessions, Chap. IV. Office. 
 
168 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Buildings, 
 &c. between 
 Mercer- 
 street and 
 Crosse-lane. 
 
 Lofty fa- 
 brick, or 
 building 
 there. 
 
 Other pre- 
 mises adjoin- 
 ing to. 
 
 The place last-mentioned was the east end of Little St. Martin's-lane. 
 Many of the tenements are described as situated backwards. The Cock was 
 at the corner by Castle-street, now the Two Angels and Crown ; and having 
 afterwards a Magpie added to its sign, occasioned the marsh-land to be called 
 Cock-and-Pie-Fields. 
 
 That part of Long-acre between the Mercer-street and Crosse-lane ends, 
 had tenements worth per annum - - - - - £. 385. 
 
 Among these latter tenements, one is described as — " All that faire and 
 lofty fabricke, consisting of five long spacious tenements, stronglie built with 
 bricke and covered with tile, 86 foot in length east and west on the front in 
 Long-acre, and 36 feet in breadth north and south. Each of them consisting 
 of a large cellar, very commodiously divided into a large kitchen, a buttery, 
 and other small rooms. And over the same, one fayre hall and one 
 fayre parlour. And in the first storye one fayre dining-roome, and a fayre 
 balcony there. And behind the same one fayre chamber, and in the second 
 story two fayre chambers, and over the same two fayre garrets. All which 
 said roomes are well accomplisht with closets, and other necessary roomes 
 fitting for such a house, as also to each of them one fayre garden and 
 orchard, well planted with several choice fruit trees, &c. stable and some 
 other small houses in some part of the said garden. And down to the Ditch- 
 side, at the lower end of the said orchard, at the north part thereof, three 
 tenements built." — " And adjoining to the said fabrick, a garden and orchard 
 now used for gravel pits. All which premises are inclosed with a brick wall, 
 now in the occupation of Mr. Squire and others, and are worth per 
 5^.180." 
 
 annum 
 
 The other premises on the spot are described as — " All that tenement 
 adjoining to the east part of the last tenement, and consisting of one large 
 timber yard ; and in the same four small sheds next the street, and between 
 the same ; a tenement stronglie built with bricke, and adjoining to the north 
 part and backside of the said house ; one coach-house and stable ; and farther 
 backwards, fifteen coach-houses and stables ; a certain shed there, and a court 
 yard and two gardens adjoining and belonging to the same, enclosed with a 
 bricke wall, in the occupation of William West, and his tenants, worth 75 /. ;'* 
 and adjoining to the last tenement was another tenement in front, and six 
 more behind the same ; and another tenement between that and the cornei: 
 house of Crosse-lane ; the latter occupied by a lady Blundell. 
 
 West 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— ITS BOUNDARIES. 
 
 169 
 
 West side of Crosse-lane, including the corner house of Long-acre, ten 
 tenements, worth per annum ------ e€. 55. 
 
 East range of Mercer-street, including a tenement and two sheds built 
 with timber, used for a brewhouse j and a yard thereto adjoining in the 
 occupation of E. Cox ; 15 tenements, worth per annum - £. 75. 10 *. 
 The ground whereon the fore-mentioned houses stand, containeth in length Marsh close 
 88 poles and 4 primes, and 18 poles in breadth, bounded with the Marsh Close ^T*"^ " 
 on the north ; and other side of Drury-lane, south j Drury-lane, on the east ; 
 and St. Martin's-lane on the west ; containing in the whole, by estimation, 
 9 acres 2 roods. 
 
 The warden and company pay for Elm-close, alias Long-acre, to the 
 crown, I3s. 4id. 
 
 Corvcent Garden. 
 
 The above streets and buildings stood on the north side of Elm-close, or covent- 
 between Castle-street and Long-acre, and in the parish of St. Martin ( "). The garden. 
 antient state of the land on its south side, adjoining to the parish of St. Paul, 
 
 Covent- 
 
 ('*) The following are streets, alleys, 8cc. then built on the north side of Long-acre, and 
 mentioned in the same survey by name, with their number of houses, and yearly rent : 
 
 STREETS, ALLEYS, &c. 
 ON THE NORTH SIDE Of LONG-ACRE, IN 1650. 
 
 Knuckle, or Kukel-alley -----.,- 
 
 Between Knockle-alley and Crosse-lane ----.. 
 
 East side of Crosse-alley and Mayds-lane - - - . ^ , 
 Between Knockle-alley and Crosse-lane, on the north side next the ditch 
 Long-acre, between Knockle-alley and Feathers-alley - - - - 
 
 West side of Feathers-alley --•--... 
 East side of Knockle-alley ------.. 
 
 Long-acre, between Dirty-lane, Charless-street and Feather-alley 
 
 N. B. — One of these tenements is described with a garden reaching 
 down to the ditch. 
 East side of Feathers-alley -----._. 
 
 By the ditch, between Feathers-alley and Dirty-lane ... 
 
 Maidenhead-row, including the Maidenhead - • - . _ 
 Petween Dirty-lane and Drury-lane, including the corner - - - 
 In Drury-lane to Dogg-yard, including two fair houses and gardens, one"! 
 occupied by Wm. Styddolph, esq. ----- .j 
 
 South side of Dogg-yard -----..- 
 
 ^ast side of Dirty-lane •,.•----.. 
 
 N°of 
 Tenements. 
 
 Annual Re 
 
 
 £. s. 
 
 18. 
 
 80 - 
 
 12. 
 
 190 - 
 
 46. 
 
 134 - 
 
 11. 
 
 29 - 
 
 23- 
 
 132 - 
 
 10. 
 
 20 10 
 
 8. 
 
 25 10 
 
 9- 
 
 121 - 
 
 5- 
 
 12 - 
 
 5- 
 
 24 - 
 
 8. 
 
 55 - 
 
 11. 
 
 80 - 
 
 14. 
 
 190 - 
 
 10. 
 
 52 10 
 
 6, 
 
 24 - 
 
 d. 
 
 % 
 
170 
 
 State before 
 built on. 
 
 St. Paul's 
 church, 
 Covent- 
 garden, 
 Piazzas, &c. 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Covent-garden, will be understood by the following notices relative to the 
 latter parish, from Strype : — 
 
 " The ground on which Covent-garden parish is built, was formerly fields, 
 with some thatched houses, stables and such like ; which lying in so good a 
 place, the owner of the said ground (the earl of Bedford) did think to make an 
 improvement thereof, and procuring an act of parliament for the making of 
 it into a parish of itself, separate from the parish of St. Martin-in-the Fields, 
 did, about the year 1634 and 1635, begin to pull down the said old buildings, 
 and clear away the rubbish, and laid it out into several fair streets, straight and 
 uniform, which were built with good brick buildings. About the centre of the 
 ground, he caused to be set out a large square, or rather oblong piece of 
 ground, 500 feet in length, and 400 feet in breadth ; and into which four 
 large streets of about 50 or 60 feet broad, have their entrance. In the midst 
 of this plot or space (since called Convent-garden) within rails, is a stone 
 pillar or column, raised on a pedestal ascended by steps, on which is placed a 
 curious dial, four square, having above it a mound gilt with gold, all neatly 
 wrought in free-stone. The church of St. Paul, Covent-garden, stands on 
 the west side, and is the work of that rare architect Mr. Inigo Jones, one of the 
 greatest restorers of the antient Roman way of building, and this the first (''). 
 The north and east sides of the square, consists of stately buildings for the 
 dwelling of persons of repute and quality ; their fronts standing on pillars and 
 arches of brick and rustic work, with piazzas and walks under them, like those 
 of the Royal Exchange in London, and imitating the rialto in Venice. The 
 south side lyeth open to Bedford garden, where there is a small grotto of trees, 
 most pleasant in the summer season " ( '* ). 
 
 (") " How magnificent and great," says 
 the same writer, " doth it present itself to 
 Praise of Co- the beholder. The portico is 
 vent-garden. magnificent. The upright, with 
 the view of the piazzas, is done by the cu- 
 rious Mr. Hollar. It is the only view, in 
 imitation of the Italians, we have in Lon- 
 don, ushered into use by that encourager of 
 the arts, the earl of Arundell." 
 
 ('*) " This Covent-garden, and the land 
 belonging to it, was first granted by king 
 MS. Jo. Strype. Edward VI, to his uncle the 
 duke of Somerset ; and then, 
 in the month of May 1 552, there was a 
 patent granted to John earl of Bedford and 
 
 The 
 
 lord privy seal, of Covent-garden, lying 
 in the parish of St. Martin in the fields, next 
 Charing-cross, with seven acres, called 
 LoNG-ACKE, of the yearly value of 
 £.6. 6s. 8 d. parcel of the possessions of 
 the late duke of Somerset ; to be held by 
 him and his heirs, in socage and not in 
 capite." — " Bedford house was erected soon 
 after the date of this grant, whereas before 
 their house was on the other side of the 
 Strand, formerly called the «. b. (Richard 
 bishop of Carlisle's Inn." — Bagster.) 
 " Covent-garden, and the grounds belong- 
 ing to it, were at this time all encompassed 
 with a wall." 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— ITS BOUNDARIES. TE7% 
 
 The same author goes on to observe — 
 
 " I find also a lease, granted from the right honourable Francis earl of Leaseofthe 
 
 ** piece of 
 
 Bedford (dated at his mansion house in the Strand, the 10th day of March 1631, pasture," 
 in the 7th year of king Charles I,) to John Powel, Edward Palmer, and others ; ^"^.g^'^^"®^ 
 he having let unto the said Edward Palmer, the father, ' all the piece or parcel garden. 
 of ground of the said earl's pasture, called Covent-garden and Long-acre ; 
 one of them lying on the south side of a parcel of ground, then laid forth for 
 a new church-yard, containing, &c. to hold from the above date for the term of 
 34 years, at the yearly rent of £. 17 and 6 d. payable quarterly at the dining' 
 hall of the said earl's house, called Bedford house, in the Strand," ' &c. 
 
 The act of parliament 12 Car. II, anno 1660, passed for making the precinct Act for 
 of Covent-garden parochial, states in the preamble, " that Francis earl of parish : its 
 Bedford, deceased, erected the fabrick of a church, for the use of the inha- extent, and 
 
 ' how bound- 
 
 bitants of the precinct of Covent-garden ; and that it was found necessary to ed, &c. 
 
 make the same parochial," &c. By this act the boundaries of the new parish 
 are set out as follows : — " Beginning at the Strand, at the east end of the mes- 
 suage called Bedford house, and including the said house, with all the houses, 
 outhouses, gardens, Sec. belonging ; and all those houses within the narrow 
 bounds, that is to say, 40 feet without the brick wall ; and all houses, buildings, 
 edifices and lands within the said bounds, bounded by the house of Humphrey 
 Vaughan, in Russell-street, east ; by the house of William Bard, in Shandois- 
 street, west ; by the house of William Crisby, in James-street, north ; and by 
 the houses of Richard Taunton, in Bedford-street, south." 
 
 Beyond Covent-garden, southwards, were the gardens of the houses in the 
 Strand, which extended to the walls of the former, and formed the extremity of 
 this boundary. Their sites are now occupied by Tavistock-street, Chandois- 
 street, &c. The antient appearance of the whole neighbourhood, including 
 Covent-garden and Long-acre, may be seen in the plan of Ralph Aggas, 
 anno 1560. 
 
 BOUNDARIES OF THE SECOND DIVISION. 
 
 The boundaries of this division, being part of the parish of St. Giles, Boundaries 
 and described in their proper place, an account of them here is needless. of second 
 
 1^ c c ' division. 
 
 Z 2 BOUNDARIES 
 
172 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISHj 
 
 Boundaries 
 of third 
 division. 
 
 Aldewych 
 road, or 
 Drury-lane. 
 
 BOUNDARIES OF THE THIRD DIVISION, 
 
 Via regia de Aldewych. 
 
 Some notice has already been taken of this highway in describing the roads in 
 the parish ; we shall consider it further in this place as constituting also one of 
 the boundaries. From the eastern extremity of Elm-close, or Long-acre, which 
 bounded it on the south-west, the above portion or division of the parish conti- 
 nued along the eastern side of the Aldewych road, as far as the way afterwards 
 called Princes-street, where St. Clements parish began. The opposite, or west 
 side of the road, was part of the land of the abbots of Westminster, who had 
 some tenements on the spot where Bow-street and its neighbourhood have been 
 since erected. From one of them the hospital received an annual quit rent of 
 Sd. which was remised to William Fonte, in the reign of Edward I, by the 
 description of a rent issuing " from that tenement which the same William 
 held of the feoffment of the abbot and convent of Westminster (quodam ten* 
 qd idem Willo tenet ex feoffamenta abbis et conventus Westm'.^ In Aggas'a 
 plan the whole of the ground of the Covent-garden to Aldewych road, appears 
 pasture, and the wall extends from that road as far west as St. Martin' s-lane. 
 In Speed's plan of Westminster, I6IO, the east side of Covent-garden is built 
 on, and only part of the north and south walls standing. Between the 
 southern wall of the Covent-garden also, or site of Tavistock-street, and the 
 Strand, St. Giles's hospital had one estate, consisting of a messuage and two 
 shops ; which are said to be situate in the parish of St. Mary-de-la-Stronde, 
 between the garden of the lord abbot of Westminster and the king's highway* 
 north and south. 
 
 Drury-lane (the modern name of the via de Aldewych) originated from 
 Drury house, the habitation of the Drury family, of which Mr. Pennant thus, 
 speaks in his account of London : — " Drury house, was, I believe, built by sir 
 William Drury, a most able commander in the Irish wars, who unfortunately 
 fell in a duel with sir John Burroughs, in a foolish quarrel about precedency. 
 Sir Robert (Drury) his son, was a great patron of Dr. Donne, and assigned him 
 apartments in this house. I cannot learn into whose hands it passed after- 
 wards. During the time of the fatal discontents of the favourite, Essex, it was 
 the place where his foolish advisers resolved on such counsels, as terminated 
 in the destruction of him and his adlierents." 
 
 This 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— ITS BOUNDARIES. 17^ 
 
 This mansion stood near the bottom of the lane, on the south end of Alde- 
 wych close, and in St. Clements parish, as will be presently explained. On 
 its site the heroic William Lord Craven, created in I673 earl Craven, built a 
 magnificent residence, since known by the sign of the Queen of Bohemia's head. 
 
 " It is singular," observes the same author, " that this lane, of later times Drury, or 
 so notorious for intrigue, should receive its title from a family name, which, m j^^ amoroJs 
 the language of Chaucer, has an amorous signification : — signification. 
 
 " Of bataille and of chivalrie. 
 Of ladies love and Druerie, 
 Anon I wol you tell." 
 
 In Drury-lane, in 1623, there were the following inhabitants of eminence, all inhabitants 
 of whom were assessed towards rebuilding St. Giles's church, viz. sir JohnCotton, omry-lane, 
 sir Thomas Finch, the right honourable the earl of March, sir Francis Kynaston, 1623- 
 sir Lewes Lewknor ("), sir Edmond Lenthall, sir Edward Peto, sir Anthony 
 Bugg, sir Anthony Henton, Philip Parker, esq. sir Gilbert Houghton, lady 
 Henage, sir Lewes Tresham, sir John Sydnam, lady Lambert. To these re- 
 sidents here, Wilson, in his account of the reign of James I, adds the name of 
 a lady Jacobs, of whom he relates the following amusing story. He is speaking 
 of Gondamar, the Spanish ambassador, in the year 1620: " He lived at Elie Lady Jacob's 
 House, in Holborn ; his passage to the court was ordinarily through Drury- ^g"j"^ ^f 
 lane (the Covent Garden being then an enclosed field,) and that lane and the (1620.) 
 Strand, were the places where most of the gentry lived, and the ladies as he 
 went, knowing his time, would not be wanting to appear in their balconies 
 or windows, to present him their civilities, and he would watch for it ; and as 
 he was carried in his litter, or bottomless chair, (the easiest seat for his fistula,^ 
 he would strain himself as much as an old man could, to the humblest posture 
 of respect. One day, passing by the Lady Jacob's house in Drury-lane, she 
 exposing herself for a salutation, he was not wanting to her, but she moved 
 nothing but her mouth, gaping wide open upon him. He wondered at the 
 ladies incivility, but thought it might be happily a yawning fit took her at that 
 time ; for triall whereof, the next day he finds her in the same place, and his 
 
 courtesies 
 
 C " ) Sir Lewes Lewknor, and some of its name from him ; and Paiker's-lane, 
 
 the other honourable persons; here named, from the Philip Parker above-mentioned> 
 
 did not reside exactly in Drury-lane, but in were the sites of their respective residences, 
 
 the fields adjoining it, formerly Aldewych which were there situated, 
 east. Lewknor's-lane, for instance, deriving 
 
174. ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 courtesies were again accosted with no better expressions than an extended 
 mouth, whereupon he sent a gentleman to her, to let her know, that the ladies 
 of England were more gracious to him, than to encounter his respects with such 
 affronts. She answered, it was true that he had purchased some of their 
 favours at a dear rate, and she had a mouth to be stopt as ivell as others. 
 Gondamar finding the cause of the motion of her mouth, sent her a present, 
 as an antidote, which cured her of that distemper." 
 
 The different parts of the lane, with the alleys, &c. branching from it, (were, 
 as described in the assessment alluded to,) and total of residents — 
 
 Drury-lane - 5Q housekeepers. D° (Cockpitt side) - - 14 housekeepers. 
 Drury-lane (gardeners on the backside of) _ . - - 4 D" 
 
 Queen-street, 15 housekeepers. Princes-street (both sides) 32 D° 
 
 Lower alley - 7 D° Pepper-alley - - - - 41 D" 
 
 Antient Exclusively of the numerous residences in the fields, on each side of the Aide- 
 
 estates ad- -wych road, it appears that some buildings were erected antientlv in the road 
 
 joining to, as .^ ' rsr o .1 
 
 noticed in itself, as was the case with St. Giles's-street, if the following may be so 
 
 hospital J i J 
 
 grafts. understood— 
 
 " Johanna, the daughter of Stephen de Pistrino, remises and quits claim to 
 the master and brothers and sisters of St. Giles's hospital, to a messuage late of 
 Lorid, her grandfather, situate in the way called Aldewych, in the parish of 
 St. Giles. (Messuagio cum suis p'tin que fuerunt Lorid avi mei in vico que 
 vocatur Aldewych in poch p'dci hosp. sci egidij.)" 
 
 It is not easy to ascertain the exact site of the premises mentioned in the 
 following grant, but they were a part of the boundaries this way : — 
 
 " Peter, the son of Meileine, granted to the infirm of St. Giles's hospital, 
 in pure and perpetual alms, ten shillings yearly rent arising from his land in 
 the parish of St. Clements Danes, of the tenure of the earl of Leicester, lying 
 before the garden there of the said Peter, viz. two shillings from that part 
 before his garden, on the west, held by him of Walter Blundis ; and eight 
 shillings from the land and messuage of Edward Bolongari, to which messuage 
 the remainder of such garden belongs ; and which messuage adjoins the tene- 
 ment of the said Walter " ( '* ). 
 
 St. 
 
 ( " ) Montford, earl of Leicester (from Lancaster, as appears by record, Escaet 
 
 whom this land appears to have been held,) Ed. I II. an. 1. (Tho' comit' Lancaster' placea 
 
 was the owner of a mansion near the subtuslitus Thamisie, ubi com' Leic' ali- 
 
 Thaines side, and of most, if not all of the quando hab' man' suum," &c.) 
 dutchy liberty, before Thomas, earl of 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— ITS BOUNDARIES. 175 
 
 St. Clements, part of Aldewych Close. 
 
 The parish of St. Clements Danes commenced immediately at the back of St. Cle- 
 the houses on the south side of Princes-street, or south half of Aldewych field, of oidwick 
 This ground in the reign of Henry III, was possessed by St. Giles's hospital, dose. 
 and is described in various deeds of that period. The earliest of them seems 
 to be one wherein Martin, ( " ) the son of William, grants part of it to the 
 hospital, by the description of " all his land with its appurtenances, situate ia 
 the parish of St. Clement Danes, late belonging to Walter the son of Cecilia, 
 and of the fee of the said hospital, lying in the field called Aldewych ; and 
 extending in length, eastwards, upon land which was Isabel Spretton's ; and Antient 
 west, upon the king's highway of Aldewych ; and breadthways, upon land of granted to 
 the said hospital, north," (upon the St. Giles's part of Oidwick Close,) " and hospital. 
 upon the land of Hugh, clerk of St. Clements, south." Another part, nearly 
 about the same time, was granted to the same foundation, by Asketanis the 
 goldsmith, which is described as " an acre of his land situate in the parish of 
 St. Clement Danes, and lately belonging to Thomas Osgod ; and which land 
 lay between land of William de Examine', and Adam Cementar', and extended 
 lengthways, from the king's highway of Aldewych to the croft called 
 La Hale." 
 
 The remainder, or very southern extremity of the same close, was afterwards 
 granted to the hospital, by the above-mentioned Hugh, clerk of St. Clements ; 
 by which means the brothers became possessed of the whole. This last granted 
 part was, in the reign of Elizabeth, the property of sir Henry Drury, a 
 descendant of the Drury's just noticed ; while the plot adjoining it north- 
 wards, given by Martin to the hospital, was held by Henry Holford, esq. and 
 was called (as we learn from a marginal note in the hospital book of grants) 
 " FoRFENE Garden " ( '' ). From Mr. Holford's it came into other hands ; " Forfenc 
 
 and ^'^•'^''•" 
 
 (") Called in another deed, "Martin "eight acres of land, three gardens, and 
 
 Ixlebrot." one messuage ;" opposite to the deed so de- 
 
 C ) Har. MSS. No. 4,015. The note scribing which, is another note in the mar- 
 
 against the grant is, "This is now called gin, " Rent service of 30s. payable to the 
 
 Forfene Gardeyn," qd nota bene pro Hen- hospital!, issuing out of a messuage, three 
 
 rico Holford, au, et Henrico Drurye,milite." gardens, and eight acres of land, in y' 
 
 The remainder of sir Henry Drury's land p~isshe of St. Clemen' Danes, qd nota bene, 
 
 (on which Drury house afterwards stood) is for sir Henry Diurye." 
 described in the time of Edward HI, as 
 
176 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Variance 
 between St. 
 Clements 
 and St. 
 Giles's, as to 
 a laystall 
 here. 
 
 Griffith 
 Field, 
 
 and about the year 1618, was held by Thomas Burton, a parishioner of St. Giles, 
 against whom complaint was made, that he had leased part of it to St. Clements 
 parish for a laystaU, as appears by the following vestry minute : — 
 
 " 1618. An order being shewn to the vestry, made by the commissioners 
 appointed by the king's privy council, touching a variance between the pa- 
 rishioners of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, and the parishioners of St. Clement 
 Danes, about a piece of ground taken in lease by the said parishioners of 
 St. Clements, from Thomas Burton of St. Giles's, upon purpose to make 
 therein a laystal ; and the same appearing to be an annoyance to St. Giles's, 
 and that such lease ought to be resigned upon satisfying the parishioners of 
 St. Clements their expences ; it was ordered, that the said Thomas Burton 
 for his practice to annoy the inhabitants of the parish wherein he dwelleth, 
 should repay all such moneys as had been disbursed in obtaining and fencing of 
 the said plott of ground, or other charges of keeping the same." 
 
 And in 1702, the following entry occurs respecting it, under the name of 
 Griffith Field : — 
 
 " 1702. Griffith field to be viewed, and the boundary stone there set up." 
 
 The other boundaries of this division were formed by TVj/ch-street (a name 
 seemingly derived from the termination Wi/ch, in the word AldewychJ in 
 part, and further southwards by the Strand, of which it is unnecessary 
 to speak in this place. 
 
 Boundaries : 
 fourth divi- 
 sion. 
 
 Clare House, 
 Duke-street, 
 &c. 
 
 BOUNDARIES OF THE FOURTH DIVISION. 
 Fikattesfeld — South and East Sides, 
 
 The southern boundary of the parish continued from the south east side of 
 the Campo de Aldewych, or east end of the present Duke-street, Lincoln's-inn- 
 fields (after turning a little to the right) in a line parallel with Portugal-street, 
 until it reached the half way of Searle's-court, where its east end commenced, 
 and ran through the gardens of Lincoln's-inn in a straight direction until it 
 terminated, in part, by meeting the north-east boundary of the parish at 
 Holborn, encompassing two sides (the south and east) of Fikattesfeld, Of 
 the antient state of this part of the boundaries, the following are some 
 particulars : — 
 
 It does not appear that St. Giles's hospital, though it possessed so much 
 land on other parts of the borders (it being interested more or less in every 
 
 estate 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— BOUNDARIES. 177 
 
 estate mentioned in its collection of grants,) had any in the places we are now 
 about to describe. This circumstance deprives us of much information as to 
 their early state j from the reign of Elizabeth, however, at wliich time Lin- 
 coln's-inn fields, and the present part of the boundaries, are represented as 
 pasture land, the various alterations which have happened are to be traced 
 with sufficient accuracy, and have been already in part noticed. Those not 
 before described were — 
 
 Clare market, comprehending the ground to the south of Fikattesfeld, was ciareMarkei. 
 first built on by the earl of Clare, from whose mansion it derived its name, as 
 did the adjacent Holies-street. Tliis seat, when first erected, stood in the 
 fields, and it is only since thai period (1654,) that most of the neighbourhood 
 there has been built, that is to say, since its desertion by its noble founder. 
 
 The Duke's theatre (built by sir William D'Avenant in 1662, on quitting Duke's 
 the Cockpit) was the next distinguished object which contributed to draw Tlieatre. 
 a neighbourhood around it. This being under the patronage of the duke of 
 York, afterwards James II, probably occasioned the formation as well as name 
 of Duke-street, near it. By a reference to the accompanying plan of the boun- 
 daries, and to the plan • of St. Giles's parish, as built on, it will be seen that 
 both Clare house and this theatre, stood on the site of the St. Clements moiety 
 of Aldewych field or close, viz. the theatre, adjoining the plots of ground 
 called La Hale, and Sprettony ; and Clare house, a little beyond it southwards, 
 and nearly opposite. 
 
 Portugal-street, a continuation of the southern boundary line from the Portugal- 
 above, owed its rise principally to its theatre likewise ( "). This was erected ^^^^^^' 
 in 1697> on the site of a tennis-court, then said to be situated in Little Lin- 
 coln's-inn fields. Searle's-court, or the New-square, Lincoln's-inn j and which 
 terminated this line, was erected by a Mr. Searle, nearly about the same 
 period. The sites of both a few years before were in great part unbuilt on. 
 The antient name of the ground hereabouts, there is reason to think was 
 Fikatt's croft, as Edward II, after the extinction of the order of Templars, 
 mentions in his grant of their possessions, amongst other places, Piquet's 
 Choft, together with the land called Flete Croft ; for croft signifying a Picket's 
 small close, could hardly be applied to so great a piece of land as Fikattesfeld. ^™^'' 
 
 And 
 
 ( '* ) The Portugal-street theatre was erected in the reign of king William and queen 
 Mary, under royal patronage. 
 
 Aa 
 
or eastern 
 boundary 
 
 178 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 And this conjecture seems in a degree countenanced by its after denomination 
 of Little Lincoln's-inn fields, as the other was called Great Lincoln' s-inn fields. 
 Lincoln's-inn, The eastern boundary on this side, now formed by Lincoln's-inn, was in 
 antient times part of the grounds of the Knights Templars, whose house stood 
 a little more to the eastward, where is now Southampton-buildings. These 
 were the original proprietors of Fikattesfeld, which is in consequence gene- 
 rally called in old grants the Templars field (Campum Templariorem.) The 
 first residence of this order (who came into England in the reign of Stephen) 
 was called the Old Temple ( "). But in the succeeding reign they began the 
 foundation of a nobler structure opposite the end of Chancery-lane, then 
 called New-street, which to distinguish it from the former, was called the New 
 Temple, and the church of which was finished and dedicated in 118.5. Whether 
 these templars possessed the whole of the ground between their first house 
 and Fikattesfeld, does not appear, but it is highly probable they did, from their 
 owning Fikattesfeld itself. If so however, though they retained the property of 
 the latter till their extinction, the former passed in a very few years after their 
 Lincoln's- removal into other hands. There were a second religious order, called the 
 inn, antiently Bia,c]{^ Friars ; thirteen of whom, with their prior Gilbert de Fraxnieto, arrived 
 
 a house of ' * 
 
 Black Friais. in England in 1221, and were settled on the spot where the present Stone 
 buildings, Lincoln's-inn gardens, &c. stand ; then described to be, " without 
 the wall of the city by Holborn, near unto the Old Temple." Here they built 
 a church and convent, to which the celebrated Hubert de Burgh, earl of Kent, 
 and other great personages, were benefactors, and where they were buried. 
 Like their predecessors, the Templars, they were not long resident on. the 
 spot, being removed in I276 to their more magnificent monastery near Ludgate. 
 They were succeeded by the lawyers. 
 
 The origin of Lincoln's-inn as an inn of court, may be referred to the reign of 
 Henry III, soon after the friars removal ; and the first building was fitted up 
 from the remains of their house. In the reign of Edward I, they acquired a 
 permanent interest in these remains and the adjoining ground, which were 
 then regularly appropriated to the study of the law, but in what particular 
 Named from way does not appear. Tradition reports, that Henry Lacy, earl of Lincoln, 
 Lincoln! " ^'^^° ^^^^ ^ grant from Edward I, of the " old friar house juxta Holburne, being 
 a person well affected to the study of the laws," assigned the professors of 
 
 them 
 
 (*') Tliis old Temple was left and fell to ruin since the year 1184. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— BOUNDARIES. 179 
 
 them this residence j but we are not told whether they acquired it by gift or 
 purchase. From this nobleman it derived the name of Lincoln's-inn, which it 
 still retains. Lacy died in 1310. 
 
 To the earl of Lincoln's estate on this spot, was soon afterwards added the 
 greater part of the gardens of the bishops of Chichester, whose town mansion 
 adjoined it southwards. The bishops house was built in a garden at the lower 
 part of the lane, once belonging to a John Herlirum, as appears by the grant 
 made to Ralph Nevil (the first bishop of Chichester who resided here) of it by 
 Henry III, who excepted it out of the Domus Conversorum, now the Rolls. 
 Some years later the remaining part of the episcopal estate (reserving a cer- 
 tain rent and lodgings to the bishops when they came to London) was leased 
 to the students of the law ; one of which students, Francis Sulyard, resided 
 there till the 27th Henry VIII. In that year Robert Sherborn, then bishop 
 of Chichester, made a new lease of it to William Sulyard, the son of the said 
 Francis Sulyard, usher of the bedchamber to king Henry VIII, and likewise 
 a student of the same house, for 99 years, for the rent of £.6. 13 s. iidi 
 This lease ended Michaelmas 1634 (''). Richard Sampson, one of the sue- Chichester 
 ceeding bishops of the see, passed the inheritance of this house, and its Ho"^e, Cot- 
 garden called " CoTTEREL Garden," or Coneygarth, 28 Henry VIII, to the garden, 
 said William Sulyard, and Eustace, his brother ; which grant was confirmed 
 afterwards by the dean and chapter of Chichester. The inheritance thus 
 settled in these two brothers, became vested by survivorship in Eustace, whose 
 son and heir, Edward, 22 Eliz. in consideration of £. 520, conveyed to Richard 
 KingsmiU, and to the rest of the then benchers, the aforesaid house and 
 garden, &c. in fee, and a fine was accordingly levied by him the said Edward 
 and his wife ( '* ). 
 
 Such was the antient nature and appropriation of the ground and buildings 
 forming this part of the parish boundaries, the descent of which and other 
 particulars, we have been induced to give in detail, as they will be found to 
 be connected with and to elucidate several of the preceding parts of this 
 
 account, 
 
 (") The site of this house and garden chancery, and Mr. Atkinson, a counsellor at 
 
 still retains the names of Bishops-court and law, men eminent in their day, resided 
 
 Chichester-rents. Of both this and the there. It had long before ceased to be the 
 
 friary, there are now no remains. Chiches- episcopal dwelling. 
 
 ter house was standing as late as the reign (*') See Dugdale's Origines Juridicales, 
 
 of queen Elizabeth ; at which time Spelman from which this information is principally 
 
 informs us, sir Richaid Read, master in extracted. 
 
 AH % 
 
180 ' ST. GILES'S PARISH ; 
 
 account, as well as the accompanying plan. With the same view, we shall 
 make a few observations respecting the progress of building and other im- 
 provements on the spot. 
 
 The brick and tile used in erecting the gateway (finished 12 Hen. VIII,) 
 " were dug from a piece of ground then called the Coneygarth, lying to the 
 west of the house, and adjoining Lincoln's-inn fields." 
 Chancery- (34 Hen. VIII.) — The street now called Chancery-lane, was, at the expence 
 
 lane. q£ ^^le society, ordered to be paved vnth stone, as far as the extent of their 
 
 own house and garden ; this cost £. 46, and took place pursuant to an act 
 of parliament made anno 1540, which directed the paving of the whole 
 street ( '' ). 
 
 In 1 Phil, et Mar. the walk under the trees in the Coneygarth was made. 
 Till the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth, the enclosure which encom- 
 passed the buildings of Lincoln's-inn, and separated them from Chancery- 
 lane on the east side, and from Tickets fields on the west, was merely an 
 embankment of clay ; but in the first year of that princess, an order was 
 made, that a brick wall and gates should be set up on the back side of the 
 house ; and that the gates on the fore side or Chancery-lane front, should be 
 put up, which it seems, notwithstanding former directions, had not been before 
 Ditch anti- done. And 24 Eliz. a wall the full length of the ditch on the back side, and 
 irfgLmcoln's- another at the upper end, towards Holborn, was completed ; " besides a gate 
 inn gardens, towards Fickets fields, and another in the brick wall towards the pump, with 
 a sink from the kitchen," &c. And in the beginning of the reign of James I, 
 a brick wall nine feet high was ordered to be made before the kitchen windows 
 and chambers, and for enclosing the garden there ; and two years afterwards, 
 another brick wall appointed to be set up, by the line from the new wall near 
 the north gate leading to the walks, to the new wall towards the Antelope ; 
 
 and £. 60 allowed for the same. This enclosed the long walk. 
 
 From 
 
 (*') Chancery-lane, in the time of Ed- lane called Chancellor's-lane (levando ibid 
 
 ward I, was so foul and dirty, that John duas stapulas cum una barra) by setting up 
 
 Britton, custos of London, had it barred up, two staples there with one bar across the 
 
 to hinder any harm that might happen in said lane, whereb}' men with carts and other, 
 
 passing that way ; and the bishop of Chi- carriages could not pass. The bishop 
 
 Chester kept up the bar for many years, answered, that John Britton, while he was 
 
 Afterwards, however, upon an inquisition custos of London, had set up the same for 
 
 made of the annoyances of London, the in- the reasons stated, and granted that it was 
 
 quest presented that John, bishop of Chi- an annoyance, and should be taken away ; 
 
 Chester, ten years past, stopped up a certain which was done by the sheriff accordingly. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— BOUNDARIES. 181 
 
 From these particulars we learn, that the original site of the Black Friars 
 monastery, and afterwards of Lincoln's-inn, occupied not more than half of 
 the present extent of the latter ; that is to say, from the back of the houses 
 in Holborn, lengthways, to the south of the Old square ; and breadthways, 
 from Chancery-lane, east, to the entrance of Fikattesfeld, west ; the remainder 
 being afterwards formed by the before mentioned garden of John Herlirum. 
 A succeeding statement informs us, that this latter ground was called " Cot- cotterell- 
 terell Garden," or the Coneygarth ; and from its being said to have stood to 8=^''^^", or 
 the west of the house or inn, it appears that it must have comprehended not 
 only the present New square, or Searle's court, but some part of the present 
 gardens of the society. The hospital grants furnish us with additional infor- 
 mation as to this place, which is curious : — 
 
 By an instrument dated 1186, Gervasius de Napolis, prior, and the knights Held of St. 
 of St. John of Jerusalem, which order was then just founded, acknowledge to Giles's, by 
 hold of the hospital of St. Giles without London, by an annual payment of nine St. John of 
 shiUings, this very garden, therein stated to have been given to them by *''"^*^™- 
 William Cotterell, " in puram et perpetuam elemosynam ;" and this estate 
 is conveyed amongst those expressly stated to be in St. Giles's parish. If there^. 
 fore this instrument is correct in this respect, which there appears no reason to 
 doubt, the whole of Searle's-court, or Lincoln's-inn New square, must antiently 
 have belonged to St. Giles's parish, that having evidently formed part of Cot- 
 terell garden ; and in that case it seems not improbable, but that the site of 
 Portugal-street, which is in a straight line with it, and from its antient name of 
 Ticket's croft was apparently a slip taken from Fikattesfeld, might also have 
 formed part of the parish too. At what period then did those two places become 
 a portion of St. Clements parish ? This remains a subject for inquiry. 
 
 North-east Boundary — Holborn Bars, 
 Holborn Bars formed the north east boundary of the city, and were on that North east 
 account originally called the Bars of London. They afterwards, on the foun- °"° ^^^' 
 dation of the Old Temple, and their vicinity to that establishment, assumed 
 the name " Baram veteri Templi," and subsequently, on its desertion, were 
 denominated the Bars of Holborn, from their situation in that street ( ** ). 
 
 St. 
 
 (**) This variation in the name of the charter of Henry II, before the building of 
 same place, is to be traced in the hospital the New Temple, certain ground on this 
 iMTidatthe grants, and serves in some mea- spot is termed, "land at the Bar" (tram de 
 ^<«"' sure to fix their dates. la the la Barre.) In other deeds of the same 
 
 period, 
 
182 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Holborn 
 Cross. 
 
 Portpool or 
 Gray's-inn. 
 
 Historical 
 account of. 
 
 St. Giles's hospital possessed several estates on the north side of Holborn 
 next the Bars ; but none on the south side, or site of the Old Temple. Of 
 these we shall presently speak, first noticing a few particulars as to the spot 
 itself. 
 
 Immediately without the Bars, as will be seen by the hospital grants here- 
 after quoted, stood a cross, probably similar to that facing Aldewych, called 
 Holborn Cross, (Crucem de Holeburn,) and which it is not unlikely was set 
 up by the Templars, whose house it nearly faced. To the north was the chapel 
 or chantry of Portpole, and its manor ; some account of which, as necessarily 
 connected with the description of this land, will not be inappropriate : — 
 
 The antient manor of Portpole, or Purtepole, is mentioned in a deed 
 46 Hen. Ill, by which Robert de Purtepole, possibly its then owner, gives to 
 the hospital of St. Giles (int. al.) ten shillings annual rent issuing from his 
 house in St. Andrew Holborn parish, to find a chaplain to celebrate his anni- 
 versary obit in the hospital church, as will be seen in the account of the 
 hospital. 
 
 In the next reign it became the property of the lords Gray of Wilton, who 
 had here their house or inn, which from them was named Gray's-inn. John, 
 the son of Reginald de Gray, in 1315 obtained a licence from Edward II, to 
 grant thirty acres of land, two acres of meadow, and ten shillings rent, with 
 the appurtenances, part lying in Kentish Towu near London, and part 
 in the parish of St. Andrew Holborn, without the Bars of the Old Temple, 
 unto the prior and convent of St. Bartholomew, Smithfield, " to furnish 
 a certain chaplain to celebrate divine service every day in the chapel of 
 Pourtpole for the soul of the said John, and for the souls of his ancestors, 
 and for the souls of all the faithful deceased." About the latter end of 
 the reign of Henry VII, (viz. August 12, 1505,) Edward, lord Gray, of 
 Wilton, by indenture of bargain and sale, passed to Hugh Denny, esq. and 
 others, the manor of Portpole, otherwise called Gray's-inn, four messuages, 
 four gardens, the site of a windmill, eight acres of land, ten shillings rent, and 
 the advowson of the chantry of Portpoole aforesaid ; which sale was confirmed 
 by release 22 Hen. VIII, from the said Edward, lord Gray, &c. to the afore- 
 said 
 
 period, the spot is called Barram de London, 
 and in those of a later date Barram veteri 
 Templi ; and in most of the subsequent 
 grants, the Bars oi" Holborn. The spot 
 
 where these bars stood is still marked by 
 a pillar, carved with the city arms, &c. 
 and the terms of " above," and " below 
 the bars," are still used 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— BOUNDARIES. ' 183 
 
 said Hugh Denny, esq. and others, feoffees ; and eight years afterwards, some 
 of the feoffees made a grant to the prior of Shene, in Surrey, of the said 
 premises, by the description of " the said mannour of Portpole with the 
 appurtenances, four messuages, four gardens, one croft, eight acres of land 
 and ten shiUings rent, &c. with the advowson of the same chauntries unto the 
 said mannour belonging." The prior and convent of Shene being thus 
 possessed of the premises, demised them to the students of the law for the 
 annual rent of sS.6. 13 s. 4 d. at which rent they were held of that monastery 
 till the dissolution, when becoming the property of the crown, a grant was 
 made by the king in fee farm : as is evident from the treasurer's accounts, 
 18 November, 32 Hen. VIII, where entry is made of the above-mentioned 
 rent being paid to the king's use. The property still continues vested 
 in the crown. 
 
 The hospital estates on this spot began with a shop and smith's forge, which Holbom 
 stood on the west side of Gray's-inn lane, and which was demised, 19 Edw. I, ^I'^stateTat. 
 by the brothers to Adam le Wolmonger de BristoUia, &c. for twenty years, at an 
 annual rent of 17 s. by the description of " a forge and shop with their appur- 
 tenances in the parish of St. Andrew Holborn ; which certain forge and 
 shop are situate and stand in the king's highway leading from the said hos- 
 pital to the Bars of Holborn, and extend breadthways on the north and south " 
 (J. e. down Gray's-inn lane), " and lengthways from the king's highway next 
 Holborn Bars, on the east, unto a tenement of the said hospital on the 
 
 west ('0- 
 
 The house with its forge above-mentioned appears to have been one of a 
 row of seven houses, built upon a piece of ground purchased by St. Giles's 
 hospital as early as the reign of Stephen, and which seem to have occupied 
 nearly the whole of the land lying between Portpole chapel, north, and 
 Holborn, south ; and to have extended east and west from Fucheres-lane 
 (afterwards Gray's-inn lane) to nearly opposite Chancery-lane. This land 
 was, prior to the hospital purchase, held of Richard Young, or Junior, as he is Richard 
 termed in the Latin, by one Matilda de Stockes, or Stokes, from wliom it was i^"!)'"^ ^ 
 bought by the brethren of St. Giles's, and remained with them until within a 
 
 short 
 
 (") These same premises were again le Smyth de Galeton, citizen of London, 
 
 let, 38 Edw. Ill, by the hospital, for a like by the description of " one messuage with a 
 
 term of twenty years, and at an advanced forge and appurtenances, situate next the 
 
 rent of twenty shillings per annum, to Henry king's highway at Portpole in Holborn." 
 
184 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Inquest 
 temp. Hen. 
 VIII. 
 
 Holborn 
 Bars. 
 
 short period of the dissolution ; being probably amongst the most valuable of 
 their estates ( '■^ ). This ground, which was among the earliest possessions of 
 the hospital, is recognized both in the charter of Henry II, and the bull of 
 Pope Alexander, by the description of " land at the Bars," (tram de la Barre,) 
 which they, the brothers, held of Richard Juniore, canon of St. Paul's church 
 London j and " land which they (hospital; bought of Matilda de Stokes and 
 her heirs, and which was held from Richard Juniore, canon of the church of 
 London." It is mentioned afterwards in similar terms in different royal 
 charters. 
 
 Of these seven houses, certain historical particulars are stated in answer to 
 an inquest held in the reign of Henry VIII, (but in two or three respects 
 erroneous,) the substance of which is, that " y' sayd vii houses " (it should 
 have been the ground they stood on) ** were sometyme on' Ric Yonge's 
 longtyme before E. y' first. Whyche Richard vppon great co"cideration gaffe 
 the same tentts vnto the said hospital, wych have co'tinually receyved the 
 rents, issues, and pfetts thereof ev* syth, to the fyndynge of the said lepers, 
 w'out vexac'on or ympechement, as appears by grauntts, &c. and also yearly 
 rentalls tyme out of mynde of man &aboff ccc yerrs past." That " y« sayd vii 
 houses benott buylded in the kyng's highway, ne to the noysaunce of eny pson, 
 bet founden & bylded of a pcell of grounde then beynge the inheritaunce of 
 the sayd hospital as is aforesaid," &c. The first of these houses had the forge, 
 above-mentioned ; the other six were, 2. a tenement, next to the forge 
 and shop, described in the above grant; 3. a tenement of John Osgod, which 
 adjoined the second hospital tenement west of Gray's-inn lane, and is men- 
 tioned in the account of the next house on the estate ; 4. a fourth tenement, 
 demised 7 Edw. II, by hospital to Geoffery de Lehyrington, described as " a 
 messuage with its appurtenances in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, lying 
 breadthways between the tenement of John Osgod on the east, and the 
 tenement of John le Nedelere, west ; and extending lengthways to the king's 
 highway south ; and to land of the said John Osgod, north." 
 
 Next 
 
 (** ) The deed of sale specifies that " the 
 hospital of St. Giles have agreed to buy of 
 Matilda de Stockes and Gilbert her son, 
 her right and claim to certain land which 
 she held of Richard Junior, canon of St. 
 Paul's, London, situate next the Bars of 
 Holborn, and which had belonged to John 
 
 the son of ■ Picot, the Lombard, for 
 
 9 marks and 6d. and that the said Richard 
 Junior, before his court of Haleinote of 
 Holborn, accepted the said infirm to hold 
 same of him and his successors by the an- 
 nual payment of 9 s. rent and the usual ser^ 
 •vices." 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— BOUNDARIES. 185 
 
 Next to the tenement of John the Needier, which was the fifth house Hospital 
 from the corner, was, (6) a tenement demised by the hospital to William de estates at. 
 Northingimines ; and adjoining to the westward was another, being No. 7> or 
 the last of the row, also demised to the same tenant, and both described as 
 follows, in the lease which is dated 18 Edward II, viz. ''■ 
 
 The master and brothers of St. Giles's hospital grant to " William de 
 Northingimines Marschall, that their other tenement and appurtenances 
 without the bars of Holborne, lying between the tenement of the said William 
 ('^) on the east, and a certain ditch called Blose pond, et quoddam forsatu qd 
 vocatur Blose pond, westwards" (^'). 
 
 Blose Pond, which seems to have bounded the estate held from Richard Blose Pond. 
 Young, westwards, was adjoined by three other houses in which the hospital had 
 an interest, as they are mentioned in their book of grants ; viz. an agreement, 
 3 Edw. II, between the hospital and Thomas de Holeborne, clerk, recites, " that 
 the said Thomas held a certain house in Holborn, late belonging to Stephen 
 Gladewin of Kentish Town (de la Kentiston,) which house with its appur- 
 tenances was situate between the tenement Dni Witt Teuchet milit', on the 
 west, and the tenement- of the said Thomas on tlie east ; and from which tene- 
 ment said hospital should receive a yearly rent of three shillings. That said 
 rent having been in arrear time out of mind, the brothers of said hospital, in 
 consideration of a certain sum of money given to them, and of the said rent 
 being thenceforth duly paid, did agree to forego their claim to such arrears, 
 and accept same in full satisfaction thereof, reserving power to distrain in 
 case of nonpayment, &c. ("). From the second house, situate near the same 
 spot, Gesvase le Gorgurer (2 Edw. I,) grants to hospital a yearly rent of six 
 shillings and eight-pence, said to be payable from " a certain house in 
 Holborne, in the parish of St. Andrew ;" and William Lincoln, grants after- 
 wards from the same house to hospital, an additional yearly rent of three shil- 
 lings. The third house adjoined the last westwards. 
 
 The ground behind the seven hospital tenements, part of the manor of Land next 
 Holborn, extended from the same tenements, northwards, to the edge of Port- 
 pole 
 
 (*') Demised to him by hospital, 15 ('') The house from which this 3 s. rent 
 
 Edw. II. was receivable, was probably the same men- 
 
 ( " ) This same house was afterwards tioned in a deed of prior date (8 Edw. I,) as 
 
 granted by hospital, 26 Edw. Ill, to Ric de William le Mihvard's. 
 
 Portpool 
 manor. 
 
 Bockingham. 
 
 Bb 
 
186 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH 
 
 pole manor, and was divided among several tenants, of which the following 
 grants give an account : — The first piece of land beyond the corner house or 
 forge, was demised to Gilbert Clubole ; the second piece, westwards, with a 
 
 house thereon, to Walter Osegod ; and the third, to 
 
 Hospital 
 estates next 
 Portpool 
 manor. 
 
 Land of John 
 Osescod. 
 
 William 
 Blemonte. 
 
 Valentine : and are 
 
 all described in a grant in the reign of Henry III to the said Walter Osegod, as 
 " one messuage with its appurtenances, lying between land of Gilbert Clubole^ 
 
 on the east part, and land late of Valentine, on the west (to hold at a 
 
 yearly rent to said hospital of 2 s.) conditionally, that the said Walter and his 
 heirs should assure to the master and brothers of hospital, and their successors, 
 free way and passage through certain his land, lying next the land of Ralph 
 Church (carpenter) as well to their (the hospital's) land, which was late Jacob 
 Baldwin's, by a certain gate ; which gate the said hospital would from time to 
 time keep in repair," &c. 
 
 Next to the passage adjoining Walter Osegod's land, was the piece of land 
 mentioned to belong to Valentine, and which was afterwards demised to Ralph 
 Church, carpenter, and then to John Osegod ; and westward of that was a 
 fourth piece described in the lease to John Osegod, (19 Edw. I,) as belonging 
 to Alicia Attelosones, viz. 
 
 The hospital of St. Giles grants " to John Osegod, a piece of land, &c. in 
 the parish of St. Andrew, without the bars of Holbom, situate between the 
 land late of AValter Osegod, father of the said John, on the east part, and land 
 late of Alicia Attelosones, on the west part ; and abutting, north, upon land 
 late of master John de Seutherill, and south, upon a messuage of the same 
 hospital ('°) against the king's highway called Holborn." 
 
 The hospital land situate near to Walter Osegod's, to which free egress, &c. 
 was to be had by the way or passage mentioned, had previously to the demise 
 of it to the said Walter, been let to Jacob Baldwin, as we find by another 
 deed, which grants certain land beyond it, westwards, belonging to WiUiam 
 Blemonte, jun. viz. 
 
 " William, the son of William Blemonte, grants to Roger Wythin, an acre 
 of his land with the appurtenances, being of the fee of the said William, and 
 whidi he granted before time to Adam Viche ; lying between the land of 
 Jacob, the son of Baldwin, east, and land of William Fulk, west ; and extend- 
 ing, south, to the king's highway," &c. 
 
 Beyond 
 
 ('") The messuage before demised to John Osegod. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— BOUNDARIES. 187 
 
 Beyond the first piece of land of Gilbert Clubole, northwards, was a piece Land of Peter 
 of land of William Cousin, mentioned in a deed of the reign of Edward I, by ^^ Holbom. 
 which Peter de Holborn, son of Walter Osegod, " grants to the infirm of 
 St. Giles, without the city of London, a quit rent of three shillings, payable 
 by Juliana Bukewanit for certain land in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, of 
 the fee of St. Giles, lying behind land of Ralph Church, carpenter, and land 
 of William Cousin, ejusdin feodo Sci Egid'." These were all the estates the 
 hospital had on the north side of Holborn, without the bars ; the only other 
 estate they had on the spot was a tenement opposite the Cross here, where the 
 houses between Middle-row and Holborn now stand, which is thus described 
 in a grant dated 45 Edw. Ill : — 
 
 " The master, &c. of St. Giles's hospital, grant to Realdo Edmund, car- Land of 
 penter, at a yearly rent of 10*. all that their tenement with its appurtenances, Ej^unj, 
 situate next the Cross of Holbourne, in the parish of St. Andrew, situate 
 between a tenement of St. Bartholomew's hospital, on the north, and the 
 tenement of the nuns of Clerkenwell, on the south." 
 
 According to the description of this house, and its situation between two Houses 
 others, north and south, it is evident that the same number of houses (three) the'site'of"" 
 stood antiently on this site as now, and probably others behind them, west- Middle-row. 
 wards, of which the hospital might possess some, though not mentioned in the 
 deeds which have reached us. This seems to have been the case, from an 
 expression in the answer to the inquest, quoted, relative to the houses on 
 Richard Young's ground, where it is said, " that y° sayd vii houses be nott 
 buylded in the king's highway, ne to the noysance of eny pson," seeming to 
 imply, that those seven houses, had in the presentment been confounded with the 
 tenements on this spot ; and which standing in the middle of the street as at 
 present, might be objected to as a nuisance. 
 
 The preceding premises, and some tenements and land adjoining the bar, or 
 gate as it is termed in one of the deeds (also the property of the hospital,) 
 formed the extremity of the north-east boundary. Of the land beyond it 
 westward, and next to Bloomsbury, the hospital grants make no mention ; our 
 account can therefore only describe its, comparatively, modern state. 
 
 Gray's Inn, and Red Lion Fields. 
 
 The ground between Gray's Inn and Bloomsbury, appears to have been Gray's Inn, 
 totally unbuilt on in the reign of Elizabeth, and to have remained so for some geids. 
 
 B b 'iJ years 
 
188 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Boundaries 
 of fifth and 
 sixth divi- 
 sions. 
 
 Hospital es- 
 tates at boun- 
 
 years afterwards, except on the Holborn side, which was completely formed 
 into a street about the year I6OO. The first approach towards rendering it 
 habitable, seems to have been in the laying out of a bowling green and erecting 
 a house of entertainment near it, called the " Bowling Green House." This 
 stood on the site of the present Red Lion-square, which was then called Red 
 Lion-fields. The ground beyond it, eastwards, was denominated Gray's 
 Inn-fields. 
 
 From various entries in the parish books, it appears that St. Giles's parish 
 antiently included a part, if not the whole of the ground called Red Lion- 
 fields, though the same was afterwards reckoned to be in St. Andrew's 
 parish ("). Much of it is now formed into the parish of St. George the 
 Martyr, Queen-square. 
 
 FIFTH AND SIXTH DIVISION BOUNDARIES. 
 
 North-west End, and North Side of the Parish. 
 
 The hospital possessed no estates on the land forming the boundaries of the 
 north-west extremity of the parish, excepting one or two which lay at as great 
 a distance from it as Tyburn ; we know nothing more therefore of the antient 
 state of it, than that it was mere common fields, and remained so until of late 
 years. Oxford-street, called in different old plans of London, " The waye to 
 Oxford," " The waye to Uxbridge," and sometimes " The road to Tiborn," 
 was literally a road skirted with hedges and ditches almost within memory ; 
 and nearly the whole of the neighbourhood adjoining its north side is of 
 comparatively late erection. 
 
 The northern boundary included the prebend of Tottenhall, part of which 
 
 seems 
 
 (") Vestry minutes, 1676. — " Whereas 
 Vestry minutes the bowling grcen ill Red 
 ""''• Lion-fields, hath been claimed 
 
 and for sometime wrongfully enjoyed by 
 and as part of the parish of St. Andrew, 
 Holborn, whereas the same is indeed 
 within and ])art of the parish of St. Giles 
 in the Fields. It is ordered that the in- 
 habitants thereof paying their dues to this 
 parish, shall be indemnified against paying 
 them to any other parish." 
 
 Ditto 1777.— " Mountjoy Harwood, and 
 
 several other inhabitants, dwelling in the 
 bowling green house, near Red Lion-fields, 
 having been distrained on by St. Andrew's 
 parish ; it is ordered that actions on their 
 behalves be forthwith brought against the 
 collectors for having so distrained." — 
 
 A subsequent entry shews that the spot 
 was then beginning to be built on : 
 
 " A meeting is appointed with the pa- 
 rishioners of St. Andrew Holborn, about the 
 bowling green in Gray's Inn-fields, and the 
 houses near thereabouts built." 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— BOUNDARIES. 189 
 
 seems to have been antiently in St. Giles's parish, and where the hospital had daries of fifth 
 some estates. The following are abstracts of a few of the grants relative to visions. 
 them ; but they do not acquaint us with the precise line of separation 
 between this parish and St. Pancras, though in other respects interesting : — 
 
 " Tyricus Sokelyng grants to William Dispenser, three quarters of an acre Names of an- 
 of land, lying between a messuage of him the said Tyricus, and a messuage of J™ ^^"^ *"^ 
 Jacob Saligur, and extending from the king's highway on the north, towards 
 Fikattesfeld." 
 
 This estate, from its being said to extend towards or over against Fikat- 
 tesfeld, on the south, probably lay somewhere near the site of the present 
 Euston Square, having an antient road to St. Pancras on its north side, or 
 back. Fikattesfeld in that case would, though at a distance, nearly face it, and 
 being a well known spot, and the intervening ground probably nameless, is 
 referred to, to distinguish the situation. 
 
 " Robert, the son of William Dispenser, grants to St. Giles's hospital, 
 one penny per annum quit rent, arising from half an acre of land near the 
 land of Tyricus Sokelyng." 
 
 This quit rent was probably from the land granted in the first deed. The 
 estates mentioned in the following grants, seem to have been all situated 
 near it. 
 
 " Water Dispenser grants to Richard Loreng an acre of land of the 
 prebend of Tottenhall, lying between land of Tyricus Sokelyng and Matthew 
 Mansel." 
 
 (Anno 1260.) — " Agnes Attewell grants to Hamond, her son, half an acre of 
 land, with its ditches and appurtenances, situate in the parish of St. Pancras." 
 
 " Tyricus Sokelyng grants to John de Cruce, two acres of land of the fee 
 
 of Tottenhall, lying in the field called Frowescroft." 
 
 In the early hospital grants, the inhabitants of Tottenhall, two or three „ , „ 
 . . . iottenhall 
 
 of whom occur as parties or witnesses, are always mentioned as of Tottenhall in supposed to 
 
 the parish of St. Giles, as " Willino de Tottenhall in poch sci Egidij," clearly J^Yte aX ''" 
 
 implying, that if not the whole, the greater part of that lordship was then entlymSt. 
 considered to be in the parish of St. Giles ( '' ). And later authorities concur ' ^*^P"'* • 
 
 to 
 
 (^*) See Act. " To subject and charge a of Tottenham Hall, otherwise Tottenham 
 competent part of the manor and lordship Court, in the county of Middlesex, and the 
 
 lands 
 
190 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 to prove, that not only such was the case, but that the prebendal mansion of 
 Tottenhall itself was included ; as will appear from the account of it hereafter 
 given under the head of " Distinguished Buildings." It was at the period 
 alluded to a place of public entertainment. 
 
 lands and hereditaments thereunto belong- 
 ing, with the payment of a perpetual yearly 
 rent charge to Dr. Richard Browne, and his 
 successors ; and for diverting the fee simple 
 and inheritance of the same premises out of 
 him and his successors ; and for vesting the 
 
 same in trustees, to the use of Charles Fitz- 
 roy, esq. and Anne his wife, and their issue, 
 with such powers and authorities as therein 
 are mentioned. — Private Act 8 Geo. Ill, 
 (58-) 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 191 
 
 CHAP IV. 
 
 ACCOUNT OF DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS, VIZ. 
 
 St. Giles's Church ; decayed State and Demolition of the Original or Hospital 
 Church, with Architectural Description of it ; Preparations for building of the 
 Old or Second Church, including an Account of Contributors to Consecration of-^ 
 Description of its Interior, Ornaments, ^c. ; Vestry Minutes concerning, and 
 Particulars of its Painted Glass Windows ; Notices relative to building of the 
 present Church, with a Description of it ; Churchyard, an Account of, and of 
 Interments and Monuments, in the First as well as in the Old, or Second Church-^ 
 Parsonage House. Buildings for Confinement, Punishment, Sfc. viz. Pound and 
 Cage, Round House, Watch House, Stocks and Whipping Post, and Gallows. — 
 Chapels, and Places of Worship, as Southampton, Bloomsbury, Queen-street, 
 and Bedford Chapels, and Bloomsbury Church. — Charitable Buildings, as 
 Almshouses, Workhouse and Hospital, Pest House and Free Schools. — Places 
 of Amusement, viz. Cockpit and Phcenix Theatres. — Inns, and Houses of Enter- 
 tainment, as, the Croche Hose, Swan-on-the-Hop, White Hart, Rose, Vine, 
 Maidenhead, Tottenhall, ^c. ; and Mansions of Nobility and Gentry, viz. 
 Dudley, Southampton, Warwick, and Drury Houses ; Montague House, 
 Thanet, Brownlow, and Dyot Houses ; Weld House, Newcastle House, An- 
 caster House, Paulet, Conway, and other Houses, in Great Queen-street, S^c. 
 
 THE early history of St. Giles's church, has been given in the account of Original 
 its hospital. This building, whatever alterations or additions might afterwards pj^^^ 
 be made to it, there is every reason to suppose was the same which was demo- Church. 
 lished in the year 1623, and of which a competent idea may be formed from 
 the following extracts ( ' ). 
 
 •' 1617. Four persons appointed by vestry to inspect the account of Repairs, &c. 
 
 Mr. Bigg, concerning the charges of building the steeple and casting the bells, " ' '" 
 
 as also the buying of some new bells ; when £.125. 19s. 5d. due to him for 
 
 money expended thereon was ordered to be paid." And at the next vestry, 
 
 " the upper churchwarden was ordered to be assistant to the late churchwarden 
 
 in the hanging of the said bells in the nexv steeple." 
 
 From 
 (') Vestry minutes of St. Giles's parish. 
 
192 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 From existing representations of the original church here, ( * ) it seems 
 before the erection of the new steeple just spoken of, to have had merely a 
 small round bell tower, with a sort of conical top at its western entrance. The 
 parish, however, now becoming more populous, a larger and more ornamental 
 steeple was judged necessary, and was accordingly erected and furnished 
 with additional bells, so as to make probably with the old bells (which were re- 
 cast) a full peal ( ' ). The church itself was, notwithstanding, in too decayed 
 a state to admit of repair ; and accordingly, four years afterwards (viz. an. 1623,) 
 an order of vestry was made for pulling down " divers parts of the said 
 church, the same being ruinous and decayed j as also for the building and re- 
 Its ruinous edifying of the same." The preamble of this order sets forth, that " whereas 
 upon diligent view taken by men of skill, the walls of the north and south 
 aisles, together with the main roof of the middle aisle and walls thereof, as well 
 as all the pillars in church and chancel, were found so rotten and decayed as to 
 be in manifest danger of falling down. It was by general consent agreed 
 upon, that the said north and south aisles, together with the main roof of the 
 middle aisle, should be wholly pulled down and re-edifyed with all conve- 
 nient speed." 
 
 But upon a further inspection, a second vestry was called, when it clearly 
 appearing — 
 
 " That the parts of the church before determined to be pulled down and re- 
 built, viz. both the side aisles, and the mayn wall over the arches ranging through 
 church and chancel, unto the crown of the arch, and no further," would be in- 
 sufficient, " the general pillars, as well within the chancel as within the 
 church, being found to be so decayed and ruined in their very foundations, as 
 by the opinion of surveyors and workmen, no further building might be raised 
 Ordered to upon them without eminent danger to the whole frame of the church ; — It 
 taken °do\vn. was ordered, that all the pillars both in the church and chancel, should be 
 wholly taken down and raised up again of free stone, from the foundation to 
 the crown of the arches," 
 
 In pursuance of the above resolution, collectors were appointed to 
 collect the money which should be assessed, and regulations agreed on for con- 
 ducting the repairs. But it being afterwards upon a stricter scrutiny, found 
 
 impracticable 
 
 (•) See the views of it in the preceding hospital times had only one bell, wliich 
 account of the hospital. Stowe says, was usually the number in hos- 
 
 (^) It is probable that the church, in the pital and friary churches. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 193 
 
 •impracticable to repair it, " and that the whole must of necessity be rebuilt, 
 order was taken for that purpose," and the whole fabric was demolished. 
 
 From the preceding extracts it appears, that the church which was pulled Architectural 
 down consisted of a body and choir, or nave and chancel ; and that it had a ^f jj ^ 
 middle aisle as well as side aisles ; that the middle aisle was divided by pillars 
 and arches, above which arose walls, probably lighted by clerestory windows, 
 called in the minutes " the mayn wall over the arches ;" and which wall ran 
 the whole length of the church, or ranged through church and chancel unto 
 the crown of the arch ; and that the arches sprung from " pillars," extending 
 also to an equal length. The nave was divided from the choir or chancel, by its screen 
 a screen erected at the expence of lady, afterwards duchess Dudley, who, ^^y^^'e'^^ 
 (*) "when the former church of St. Giles's "(/. e. the hospital church,) Dudley. 
 " which was decayed by age, lay in rubbish," there being a void space at 
 the upper end of the chancel, which was stored with lumber, as the boards 
 of coffins, &c." added that becoming ornament. — From these several parti- 
 culars, we may conclude that this first church was a structure of some 
 magnitude and beauty, though not of the largest class. Whether it was built 
 with the round or j^ointed arch, is no where hinted at in the minutes from 
 which we have quoted, otherwise we might have guessed at its general style 
 of architecture ; but if actually the church erected by Matilda, of which 
 there seems no doubt, it must have been of that kind usually termed 
 Norman. After the dissolution of the hospital, the antient partition wall 
 or screen being removed, the whole church was formed into the parish 
 church, and a new steeple was built, with a ring of bells, &c. as has been 
 shewn, to accommodate the increase of parishioners. We proceed to describe 
 the preparations for building a second church. 
 
 Second Church, (anno 1624.) — A petition was addressed to the king, second 
 stating the necessity of wholly rebuilding St. Giles's church ; that the pgl/^j^^'^;, 
 expence would, according to estimate, amount to at least fifteen hundred build a new 
 pounds more than the parish could raise ; and humbly praying his majesty to ' """"^^'^ 24. 
 recommend to the right rev. the bishop of London, to write to the clergy of 
 his diocese, to raise contributions in their respective parishes for the finishing 
 thereof, which the king by an order dated at the court at Greenwich (9 June 
 1624,) was pleased to do. In consequence of this sanction, the bishop 
 (George Abbot) by letter dated from his palace of London, on the l6th of the 
 
 following 
 (* ) Funeral serrnou of duchess Dudley, preached by Dr. Boreman. 
 
 C c 
 
ja4 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Bishop following July, directed his clergy to "move their several congregations 
 
 ^arg*e^o his liberally to contribute all in their power towards so good a work, and the 
 clergy as to. rather to do it with all possible expedition, for that the winter coming on, the 
 parishioners (to the number of two thousand souls) would be utterly desti- 
 tute and deprived of spiritual comfort." The preamble of this letter states, 
 " That through the injury of time and weather, as also for want of due reparations 
 in ages past, there had a general wrack befallen the antient parish church of 
 St. Giles-in-the-Fields, where not only the roofe and walls of the said church, 
 but also the arches and pillars throughout church and chancell were, upon 
 view taken by men of skill, found to be so ruinous and decayed, that of neces- 
 sity the whole structure of the same was to be, and had been pulled down and 
 demolished to the very foundation ; for the re-edifying whereof in part, the 
 parishioners and inhabitants having strained their abilities beyond example, 
 did nevertheless find that the whole work would much exceed their power to 
 finish, the charge of the whole being in estimate for the sum of ^.2,500 ;" 
 Account to be *"d be concludes (after some further directions) with ordering that " all monies 
 ''^P'^*'^'"°"^y collected should be entered in a vellum book, to be provided by the parish of 
 St. Giles for that purpose, as a perpetual memorial of the benevolence of 
 each individual contributor." This was accordingly done in a register still 
 remaining, intitled, 
 
 .. Doomes- " Liber Domus Dei Anglice, or Doomes-day Booke." ( ' ) 
 
 day Booke," From which, as containing various curious particulars, as well relative to this 
 
 a record as to . '■ 
 
 old church. busmess, as to the parish generally, we shall make a few extracts. The title 
 continues : — 
 
 " Treasure deposited in Heaven, or the book of God's house, of things 
 worthy to be remembered in this parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields ; — and in the 
 first place — of the church now lately restored — some account touching the 
 same." ( * ) ^ 
 
 (') " Doomsday Book, or Dom Boc', (the meaning the Doombook or Register from 
 
 Judicial Book,) a name appiied to the two whence judgement might be given in the 
 
 Doomsday Hook, inquisitions of Alfred and Wil- tenure of estates. The addition of dai/, or 
 
 explanation of . n^j^ tijg Conqucror. It isa rffy, to doom, making Doomsrfaj/ Book, sig- 
 
 trifling derivation to impute this name to nifies not any measure of time, but judge- 
 
 DoMUs Dei, as if so called from the church ment; and even now in the north, a deies- 
 
 (Winchester cathedral) in which Alfred's man, or days-man, is an arbitrator, an um- 
 
 survey was first reposited : nor is it any pire, or judge." — Kennet. 
 
 wiser conjecture to ascribe it to Doomsday, (") In the original Latin, as follows: 
 
 or the final day of Judgemeat; it only " Thesaurus cselij Reposit'—Sive liber Dom» 
 
 Dei 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 
 
 195 
 
 It then gives an Inscription, commemorating the great liberality of lady 
 Dudley towards the new church, and which, after its rebuilding, was engraved 
 on a Marble Tablet, and fixed against the North Gate of the Church-yard, 
 as follows : — 
 
 
 Quod Foelix Bonumque Sit 
 
 
 
 Posteris 
 
 
 
 Hoc Templum Loco Veteris ex Annosa 
 
 
 Surgere Caepit, 
 
 Vetustate 
 
 
 an. 1623. 
 
 Collapsi, Mola et Splendore Auctum 
 
 
 
 Multo Paroecorum 
 
 Heus Viator an: 
 
 Adumbelicos 
 
 CHARITAS INSTAURAVIT 
 
 effectunt est 
 
 Deducts, 1625. 
 
 Inquibus Pientissimas Heroinae 
 
 Bonis Operibus 
 
 
 D. Alicia Duddeley 
 
 Hoc Seculum. 
 
 Muro undiquaq' 
 
 Munificientia Gratvm Marmoris Hujus 
 
 
 valuta, 
 
 Meretur Eloquium 
 
 
 1631. 
 
 Huic etiam accessit benefica aliorum Quorundam 
 
 Pietas 
 
 Quibus ProvisEe in Coelo Sunt Grates. — (') 
 
 
 After this commencement, the record proceeds to state various particulars 
 as to the mode adopted in collecting the contributions, the names of the con- 
 tributors, and the several sums subscribed, with the treasurer and wardens, or 
 overseers, appointed to overlook the progress of the building, &c. under the 
 following heads : — 
 
 " Money to rebuild the present church, how collected and applied, namely, 
 
 from the parishioners and others, with the particulars of the collection made 
 
 in the churches of this diocese towards this work." 
 
 *' Names 
 
 Dei res memorata dignas parochiam banc 
 Sci Egidij in campis, Et imprimis: Nupera 
 tempii hujus instaura eo'em tangentes (bre- 
 viter complectus.) 
 
 (') " With respect to this stone, and 
 
 lady Dudley's munificence in rebuilding 
 
 the church, Dr. Boreman, in 
 
 Duchess Dudley. 1 /« , 1 /• 
 
 her Juneral sermon, berore 
 quoted, has, among others, the following re- 
 m;irks : — " When the foresaid church was 
 fallen" (the hospital church,) " with the 
 fall whereof that screen was demolished," 
 (lady Dudley's screen just mentioned,) 
 " God moved the hearts of the parishioners . 
 
 to erect a new church in the room or place 
 of the former, which was in a few years 
 effected and finished, many hundreds of 
 good christians in other parishes contri but- 
 ing to so good and glorious a work. She 
 most liberally (for she had a magnificent 
 large soul) gave to the advance and finishing 
 of it, together with the wall that encom- 
 passed it, many hundreds of pounds ; of 
 which her magnificent bounty, the then 
 grateful parishioners erected a monument, 
 which is placed over the great gate on the 
 north side of the church." 
 
 CC 2 
 
 Marble tablet 
 
196 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH 
 
 Names of 
 superintend- 
 ants in build- 
 ing old 
 church. 
 
 " Names of those who, during the time of rebuilding the present church and 
 the vestry-house, constituted the vestry : — First, Roger Manwayring, D. D, 
 chaplain to the most serene prince Charles, king of Great Britain, a man of 
 probity of manners and singular erudition, and treasurer for the money 
 collected." 
 
 Then follow the names of the other persons in office, with the several 
 departments they took in conducting the work ; one of whom was sir William 
 Segar, knight, garter king at arms. A second treasurer was afterwards 
 appointed to assist Dr. Manwayring. And in addition to the vestry, there was 
 a committee formed, consisting of the two late churchwardens, two overseers, 
 and various gentlemen of respectability in the parish. The book proceeds to 
 give an index of names of benefactors who were at this time parishioners of 
 St. Giles's. ( ^ _) Among these are several persons of note, the particulars of 
 whose contributions are added, and frequently with some little comment, viz. 
 
 MS. Book as C) A second book is among 
 to building old the parish records, containing 
 a furtlier list of the names and 
 residences of every inhabitant, with tiie 
 sums they were assessed at; to which is pre- 
 fixed this notice, viz. — " The inhabitants of 
 the parrish of St, Gyles in the Fields, in 
 the countie of Middx. beeinge at sundrie 
 times warned and summoned both publi- 
 quelie at divine service by the parson, and 
 particularlie at their howses by the church- 
 wardens and others of the parish, to as- 
 semble themselves for the ratinge and asses- 
 singe of themselves, and the rest of the said 
 inhabitants, towardes the reedifieinge and 
 buildinge of ther church, beeinge then fallen 
 in parte, and judged necessarie to be wholly 
 pulled downe, the charge whereof was esti- 
 mated by the view and survey of skilfull 
 workemen, to be likelie to amount to the 
 sume of £.2,000, and upwards. Uppon the 
 
 Parishioners, 
 
 xxiij day of September 1623, and upon 
 severall daies after, the said parishioners 
 did accordinglie meete and assemble, and 
 did rate and assesse themselves and the rest 
 of the said inhabitants of the said parrish 
 towardes raisinge of the same, as fol- 
 loweth :" — 
 
 N. B. — This assessment was unauthorized 
 by law. It was made and signed by many 
 of the then principal inhabitants, and con- 
 tains the name of every individual inha- 
 bitant, as well householders and inmates, as 
 servants ; with such sums affixed against 
 their names, as in the opinion of those sign- 
 ing the assessment, they respectively ought 
 to pay towards the new church. But the 
 payment or subscriptions were voluntary, 
 at least optional. Some in their subscrip- 
 tions exceed the amount expected; others 
 give not half the sum expected for them to 
 pay, and many give nothing. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 
 
 197 
 
 Parishioners, Contributors towards rebuilding the Church in 1623. 
 
 ".] 
 
 " The right hon. the duchess 
 Lenox, her grace - . - - 
 
 Lawrence Whytaker, esq. one of the 
 surveigho" of the said church, besides 
 his great care and pains and solicitac'on 
 of his friendes and acquaintance 
 
 Abraham Speckart, esq. (besides his ^ 
 extraordinary care and paines in soli- 
 citing and p'curing from his friendes 
 and acquaintance above the sum of 
 £. 200) the sum of - 
 
 £, s. 
 40 — 
 
 d. 
 
 • 25 10 
 
 23 6 8 
 
 £. ,. 
 
 Mr. Jeremy Cocke, clarke of the"l 
 
 Prince's councell - - . -J 
 
 Dr. Roger Manwayring, rector of 
 the said parish, besides his exceeding 
 labour and paines both in the pulpitt 
 and with his private friendes abroade 
 
 Eminent pa- 
 rishioners 
 contributors 
 to old church. 
 
 Sir Anthony Ashelye, knight 
 Sir John Cotton, knight 
 The lady Ann Duddelye 
 The lady Frauncis Duddelye 
 
 7 4 — 
 
 10 
 
 10 — -^ 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 The hon. the lady Alice Duddelye, (besides the paving of the 
 church and chauncell with freestone, the charge whereof 
 appeareth in the end of the booke) - - - - • 
 
 The plaiers of the Cockpitt Plaiehouse - - - 
 
 20 — 
 
 The whole collection, thus made, amounted to the sum of £. 1 ,065. 9 s. 
 which sum was subscribed by 415 householders, exclusively of inmates ; and 
 among whom are persons of almost every rank in life. The first donation 
 entered in the book is £. 250, by duchess Dudley (' ), the last is two- 
 pence, given by " mother Parker." The total number of souls in the parish at 
 this period did not exceed, perhaps not reach, 2,000. The subscriptions there- 
 fore, upon an average, exceeded ten shillings and sixpence for each parishioner, 
 old and young ; at a time when ten shillings and sixpence was equal to forty 
 shillings of our present money. An example of liberality and munificence 
 rarely equalled ! 
 
 The second class of benefactors consisted of persons not resident in 
 St. Giles's parish ; from 106 of whom was collected the sum of si. 4:55. lOs.^d. 
 Among the most distinguished names and sums, are the following: — "sir 
 
 Henry 
 
 (' ) " Besides all this, she was at the 
 charge of paving the upper end of the church 
 with marble stones, and gave the great bell 
 in the steeple, which as oft as it rings 
 sounds her praise ; and was at the charge 
 of casting and hanging the other five bells." 
 — Funeral Sermon of Duchess Dudley, p. 23. 
 
 Players of the 
 Cockpitt — 
 contribution 
 to old church. 
 
 Other distin- 
 guished con- 
 tributors. 
 
 — In addition to these acts of munificence, 
 she caused great part of the antient wall 
 surrounding the church which had become 
 ruinous (and had belonged to the hospital) 
 to be re-edified. Her gifts of plate, and 
 church ornaments, will be found in another 
 place. 
 
19.8 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Henry Martin, of money assigned for pious uses, 40 U. ; the lady D'anvers, 
 QOli.; the lord's grace of Canterbury (Geo. Abbot,) lO/j; the duchess of 
 Richmond, her grace, 10 It. ; the right hon. the earl of Somersett (Rob. Car,) 
 10 //. ; the hon. countesse of Somersett, 5 H. ; the hon. earle of Bristowe, 
 10 li. ; the hon. earle of Bath, 5 It. ; the hon. countesse of Bedford, 5 li. ; 
 sir Paul Banninge, knight ; the lord Chychester, barron of Belfas, 5 li. ; lord 
 Digby, barron of Gerly, and sir Lewes Dives, 5 li. ; countesse dowager of 
 Devon, 5 li. ; from the society of Graise Inn, 5 li. ; lady countesse dowager 
 of Wai-wicke, 4 U, ; sir Julius Caesar, master of the rooles, 2 li. 4 5. ; sir Ran- 
 dall Crewe, 2li.; sir Thomas Coventry, 2/j.; certaine namelesse persons of 
 the Reete, 2 li. 9 s. 6 d.; sir George Croke, 1 li. j Mr. Ducke of St. Martin's 
 field, 1 li. ; and Mr. George Etheridge (afterwards sir George) of St. Clement 
 Danes, 1 li." 
 Contribu- 'pjjg third class of donations, consists of gifts from various parishes in the 
 
 tions towards , , _ ° *^ 
 
 building diocese of London, there particularized, the amount of whose subscription 
 
 their^amount. Collectively amounted to £.236. 19 s. 1 d. The aggregate receipts are cast up 
 as follows: — " Received from parishioners the some of s^. 1,065. 9*.; received 
 of strangers 5^.455.10*. Qd.; received collections from parishes, £.236.19 s. Id.; 
 borrowed uppon interest, £^. 200; received by collections at the church, 
 ^.44. 10«. 9c?.; received oute of the box there £.4. lis. 9 d. ; received for 
 ould materials, £.9. lis. 9 d. Sum total is a^.2,0l6. 12*. 6d.;" and the 
 whole of the above sum was, at a vestry held November 12, 1633 (nono Caroli,) 
 acknowledged to have been expended by the treasurer " for and towards 
 the building of the parish church of St. Giles-in-the-fields," exclusively of 
 " an additional advance made by them of £. 51. 14*. 8 d. towards the finishing 
 of the said church ;" so that the whole expence of building the second 
 CHURCH appears to have amounted to a^. 2,068. Js.Qd. The most singular 
 item in this account is the produce from the sale of the old church materials ; 
 the small amount of which must, at the present day especially, excite surprize, 
 considering the great quantity of articles, wood, stone, iron, &c. that there 
 must have been in such a fabric. It is not improbable, however, and the con- 
 jecture receives some support from particulars which will be hereafter stated, 
 that only the most useless part of the materials of the old church were dis- 
 posed of for the trifling sum stated, and that the most valuable part of them 
 was retained towards building the second church. 
 
 The 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 199 
 
 The hew church being finished, and a day appointed for its consecration, it Old church 
 was agreed that the bishop of London (W. Laud,) who was to perform that conseSaS. 
 ceremony, should be entertained at the parish charge, at Mr. Speckart's 
 -house, which nearly adjoined the church. To make the festival the more 
 imposing, a committee was selected from the principal inhabitants, including 
 the following eminent persons, whose subscriptions are annexed to their 
 names, viz. " The duchess of Lenox, her grace, 3U. ; the hon. countesse of Gifts of emi- 
 Shrewsbury, Qli.; the hon. lord Morley, Hi; the lady Alicia Dudley, "owLdrcon- 
 2 li ; the lady Coxe, 1 IL ; sir William Segar, knight, 1 U. ; and sir John secration of 
 Cotton, knight, Hi." The bishop's mandate for the consecration is dated 
 January 26, 1630 ( '"), on which day this ceremony took place, (and judging 
 from the preparations as particularized in the vestry orders,) with a con- 
 siderable degree of splendor. They direct, among other things: 1. "Two 
 tables to be provided, sufficient to receive at each table 16 persons, and four 
 leading gentlemen of the parish to provide a book, and make a bill of fare, 
 to be presented, with an estimate, to vestry. 2. A fence of deal boards to be 
 hired for making up the breach in the church wall ; and the three constables, 
 with their headboroughs, to be appointed to bring with them every one eight 
 substantial wardens, with bills or halberds, to keep the church gates, walls 
 and fences. 3. A raile to be made at the greate west door, to keep off the Ceremony of 
 press of people. 4. The church to be made very cleane. 5. The communion {j^p &c.'^^* 
 table to be very handsomely adorned with the best damask table cloth, th? 
 greene velvet cushion, and all the plate ("); and, 6. three Turkey carpets 
 
 with 
 
 ( " ■) It states the same historical parti- altar, a rich greene velvet cloth, with three 
 
 culars as the bishop's letter to his clergy, letters in gold, I. H. S. embroidered on it. 
 
 given, in part, in a former page, viz. the Item, two service books in folio, embossed 
 
 foundation of the old church by Matilda, with gold, a greene velvet cloth, with a 
 
 its ruinous state, demolition, and the build- riche deep gold fringe, to cover the altar over 
 
 ing of a new church on its site ; announces with on Sundays. Item, a cambrick altar 
 
 the approaching consecration, &.c. cloth, with a deep bone lace round about, 
 
 (")" The communion plate of all sorts. Another fine damask altar cloth, two 
 
 in silver, and gilt, for that sacred use ; and cushings (cushions) for the altar, richly em- 
 
 which is as large and rich as any in the broidered with gold ; a large Turkey 
 
 city or suburbs, was also her (lady Dud- carpet, to be spread on the week days 
 
 Duche$s Dud- ley's) gift." — Funeral sermon, over it ;" and likewise, " very costly hand- 
 
 ley. Herfuneral p. 23. " And she also gave, some rails to a;uard the altar or Lord's table 
 
 $ermm. ,, , ,.,1. „ „.,,,., 
 
 among others, the followmg from profane uses." Ibid. 
 church ornaments, viz. for the back of the 
 
200 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 with cushions, to be provided for the body of the church, with desks upon 
 stools, or little tables under them ; and three mats with Turkey -work cushions 
 on them to kneel upon. And the churchwardens and sidesmen to take care, 
 when the church doors are opened, they be carried into the vestry. Mr. 
 Bethel and Mr. Whitaker to assist the churchwardens in the invitation of the 
 lord bishop." 
 
 Vestry Minutes. — Transactions relative to the Second Church. 
 
 Extracts 1627. (May 22.) " Agreed at a vestry, That Robert Johnson should go on 
 
 rn^vAesSia ^'^^ ^^ pews in the chauncell, as he had before done in the body of the 
 old church, church ; and that Mr. Tennant, who made the clock, have the keeping 
 of it. 
 
 1629. " Ordered, That the one hundred pounds, borrowed of Mr. Matthew 
 Bateman, of Tottenhall-court, towards finishing the church, be repaid 
 him. 
 
 1637. " Repairing some decays in the church," are mentioned as necessary 
 thus early after its building. 
 
 (Same day.) " Ordered, That the organist's salary, of £.'2.0 a year, be 
 paid to him quarterly." 
 
 The ascendancy of puritanical principles, which, about the time of the last 
 order, began to manifest itself in various parts of the kingdom, was soon dis- 
 played in St. Giles's parish ; and the first consequences were, as usual, an attempt 
 to despoil the church of every decent ornament, under the idea of their being 
 superstitious. " A petition and articles," purporting to be the act of the parish - 
 ioners, but in fact the representations of a party, in pursuance of this object, 
 were, in 1640, accordingly exhibited to parliament, against the then rector. 
 Defaced by j)j.^ Heywood, " In whose parish church," it stated, " were set up crucifixes, 
 and divers images of saints ; and likewise organs, with other confused mu- 
 sicke, hindering devotion, which were maintained to the great and needlesse 
 charge of the parish." In one of these articles, intituled, " Dr. Heywood's 
 superstitious and idolatrous manner of administration of the sacrament of 
 the Lord's Supper, in the parish church of St. Gyles aforesaid ;" these 
 " Popish reliques," as they are termed, are enumerated, and appear to 
 have consisted principally of the gifts of lady Dudley, just mentioned. 
 The beautiful screen, given by her, seems to have become, at this time, 
 
 particularly 
 
 the puritans 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 201 
 
 particularly obnoxious. The whole article affords a good idea of the then state 
 and appearance of the church (which it thus describes,) with its ornaments : — 
 " 1. The said church is divided into three parts : the Sanctum Sanctorum, Second 
 being one of them, is separated from the chancell by a large skreene, in the interior in 
 figure of a beautifuU gate, in which is carved two large pillars, and three large ^^fo de- 
 statues : on the one side is Paul, with his sword ; on the other, Barnabas, 
 with his book ; and over them, Peter, with his keyes. They are all set above 
 with winged cherubims, and beneath supported by lions." — " Seven or eight Communion 
 foot within this holy place is a raising by three steps ; and from thence a long 
 raile from one wall to the other, into which place none must enter but the 
 priests and subdeacons. This place is covered before the altar with a faire 
 wrought carpet ; the altar doth stand close up to the wall on the east side, 
 and a deske raised upon that with degrees of advancement. This deske is 
 overlaid with a covering of purple velvet, which hath a great gold and silke 
 fringe round about ; and on this deske is placed two great bookes, wrought 
 with needle-worke, in which are made the pictures of Christ, and the Virgin 
 Mary with Christ in her armes ; and these are placed on each side the deske : 
 and on this altar is a double covering, one of tapestry, and upon that a fine 
 long lawn cloth, with a very rich bone lace. The walls are hanged round 
 within the rayle, with blue silke taffita curtaines." ('*.) 
 
 The effects which followed this petition, appear from the churchwardens Church or- 
 accounts afterwards, which contain the prices at which most of the above 
 ornaments were sold, and the expences of alterations consequent thereon. 
 An inventory of the church goods being taken, at the foot of which it is 
 stated, " That the surplesses had been given away by ordinance of parliament, 
 before such inventorie was made," the greater part of them were disposed 
 of (")» a^ii'i other acts of pretended reformation took place, which sufficiently 
 
 mark 
 
 C) " The church being finished (which ('» ) " All the forenamed ornaments 
 is a goodly fabricke) that the inside of it (only the plate and great bell excepted) 
 Vuchm Dud- might Correspond with that being counted superstitious and popish, 
 Ity'sgifts to old w'hich is without, she (lady were demolished and sold (out of a pretense 
 Dudley) gave hangings of of relieving the poor out of the money re- 
 watched taffity to cover the upper end of ceived for them) by the deforming reform- 
 the chancel, and those bordered with a ers, as they were called, in the late bloody 
 silke and silver fringe." — " Also she gave a rebellious times. But the church since, by 
 beautiful skreene of carved wood, which was our care, is beautified, though not in the 
 placed where the former one in the old same high degree and manner as before 
 church stood." — Funeral sermon, p. 23. specified." — Ibid. 
 
 Dd 
 
202 ST. GILES'S PARISH ; 
 
 mark the temper of the times. The first items of charge that occur, are for 
 defacing the organ-loft, and removing the fine painted glass windows ; viz. 
 
 Old church 1643. To the painter, for washing the twelve apostles off"! ^ _ 
 
 further de- the organ-loft J _Z____ 
 
 (Same). To the glazier, for taking down the painted glasse in"! i n « 
 the chancell and church, and fitting up new glasse J 
 
 Lady Dudley's screen follows, respecting which is the following memo- 
 randum : — 
 
 " Also wee the auditors of this account, doe find that the accomptant, 
 Edward Gerrard was commanded, by ordinance of parliament, to take downe 
 the screene in the chancell, it being found superstitious ; which was accord- 
 ingly done, and it sold for fortye shillings ; and that fortie shillings, with xx' 
 that Mr. Cornish gave, and three pounds tenn shillings given by the accomptant, 
 of their own proper moines, was given to the poore on Christmas eve follow- 
 ing, 1644. — Allowed by the auditors. Signed, Hen'' Cornish, minist'." 
 Money re- Qut of the receipts from the church goods ("which sold for £. 17. '7s. Id.") 
 
 ceived by sale . , <j \ . . • 
 
 of church Were paid, " The bricklayer for mending the walls on both sides the chanceU, 
 
 a°°hcation where the screen stood ;" and, " For the covenant, and a frame to putt it in 
 
 to hang upp in y* church ;" also five shillings " To Thomas Howard, pewterer, 
 
 for a new bason, cut square on one side, to baptize in, more than the old 
 
 bason came to." 
 
 And, April 8, 1645, " It being agreed upon by the inhabitants (not the 
 vestry) on the choice of officers, that the blew velvet carpet, and taffitie blew 
 curtaines that did formerly hang in the chancell, with the embroidered 
 cushions, and two embroidered books, should be sold to the best advantage, 
 and the money employed for the use and benefit of the church and parish," 
 they were sold accordingly ; and the following year an order was made, that 
 " The railes that stood about the communion table be sold to major Walter 
 Bigg." 
 
 Possibly, to atone to lady Dudley in some degree for the barefaced injustice 
 of selling her gifts to the church in her very presence (for her house adjoined 
 the church,) we find an entry of new fitting up her pew at the parish charge, 
 viz. — 
 
 " 1647. P"*. for lyning the honble lady Dudlye's pew w"". greene base 
 & o'. materials, 2 straw matts & workmanship, £.3. 2s." 
 
 The downfall of royalty having succeeded that of the church : — order was 
 
 given 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OP— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 303 
 
 given (anno 1650), " For putting out the Idng's arms," probably those King's arms 
 painted in the body of the church ; and a payment is entered to the glazier, j,^ church." 
 " For taking down the kinge's arms ('*) and new glazing the window;" 
 which it appears by a subsequent entry was replaced by a sun-dial j viz. 
 " 1651, Paid Mr. Sutton for a sunne dyal in the south window over y'. south 
 church door •" And the organ, " Whose confused musicke hindering devotion, 
 had given the reformers so much offence, having been previously disposed of, 
 it was ordered (an. 1654) " That the organ loft be let as a seat." 
 
 The restoration of Charles II was weh^omed by three days ringing ; Put up again 
 namely, " on the voting the king in," — " proclaiming him," and " coming ^g^y beauti- 
 to London;" for which the ringers were paid ten shillings. Soon after an fiedatResto- 
 
 ^ . , , .,,. p . , 7 1 1 • , • , ration. 
 
 entry of eight shilhngs occurs, " for varnishing the king s arms m the vestry." 
 And the next year (l66l) sixteen shillings is paid " to Mr. Sutton, the glasse 
 painter, for new painting the window wherein is the king's arms, over the 
 great arch in the quire, which was formerly the gift of s'. William Segar" (''). 
 
 The following are entries chiefly concerning repairs and additions to the 
 church, from near the above period downwards. A few of them relate to 
 the providing of church goods : — 
 
 1657. Collected the sum of £. 70 towards repairing the church. Repairs and 
 
 1664. Ordered, that a petition be prepared to the bishop of London, for jJJ^nte^hi old 
 the erecting of galleries for the better accommodation of the nobility and S,^"""*;^' ^^'8" 
 gentry coming to church. 
 
 ' 1670. The bishop of London's seal to be obtained for erecting galleries 
 in the church ; and care to be taken for mending of the paving of the great 
 church gate and stepps, and the water tables about the church, now defective. 
 
 A brasse branch to be provided for the church, containing sixteen candle- 
 sticks. 
 
 An houre glasse to be bought for the pulpitt, and an iron frame to be 
 made for the same to stand in." 
 
 Orders of vestry — " That the care of strengthening the steeple for erecting Steeple and 
 the turret, be left to the churchwardens ; and that the clock be made to strike 
 on a bell therein to be hanged, and the dyalls painted; also two deske 
 
 cloths 
 
 ('*) Beautifully executed in stained glass repair. The window evidently was taken 
 
 in the south window, and given by sir Wil- down and preserved only, which was the 
 
 liani Segar; as see below. case with the other stained windows in the 
 
 (") This new painting simply means a church, as will be seen hereaftei. 
 
 D D 2 
 
201. 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Bells. 
 
 (Jalleries. 
 
 New door to 
 accommodate 
 the gentry. 
 
 Other re- 
 pairs, &c. 
 
 Rails and 
 
 ballisters. 
 
 Tenor bell. 
 New branch. 
 
 Sacrament 
 plate, &c. 
 
 cloths to be bought, suitable to the pulpitt cloth, and cushion of purple 
 velvet." 
 
 " 1672. The frames of the bells being found very defective—ordered, that 
 contracts be made with workmen for the repairing or new making thereof ; 
 care also to be taken that the terret of the steeple be fastened, if the same 
 should be found to require it ; also contracts to be made with workmen for 
 the fixing of such monuments as are taken down, and putting up such stones 
 for demonstration of gifts given to the poore, as should be thought fitt, and 
 whatever else might be found necessary to be done. 
 
 Gift by William Bainbridge, esq. of ^.300, towards building galleries 
 in the church. 
 
 1673. The old rayle at the lower end of the church, near the gallery stairs, 
 to be removed, and the place to be paved with free-stone ; also a door-way to 
 be made out of the church porch, for the more convenient passage of the 
 gentry goeing to and from the galleries ; and also the passage to be paved. 
 
 1677' Various repairs, &c. to the church ordered to be done ; viz. the 
 south gallery to be taken down, and made uniform with the north ; portals 
 to be made at the three doors to keep out the wind ; the pews to be made 
 uniform ('*) ; the windows to be new glazed where needful, and cleaned ; the 
 frames of the oval windows in the north gallery to be made of stone ; and the 
 whole inside of the church to be white-washed. 
 
 1685. Convenient rails and ballisters to be made to the stairs up to the 
 pulpit ; and a good clock to be provided, in case it shall not be thought fit 
 to amend the old one ; care to be taken to get the tenor bell to be new cast ; 
 and a new branch for the church instead of the old one, now decayed, to be 
 made ; and ordered at same vestry, " That the churchwardens do provide a 
 silver flaggon and cup, both for the service of the holy sacrament, both to be 
 guilt -, and the little cup and silver patin to be also guilt ; also sarcenet for the 
 two palls ; and two surplices for the use of the parish." (") 
 
 A committee 
 
 ( '" ) In the regulations for the disposal of 
 the pews, about this time, a number of entries 
 occur, in which the names of distinguished 
 persons are mentioned ; an evidence of the 
 increase of parishioners of rank and con- 
 sequence ; as see under the head. 
 
 ( " ) The following entries of charge for 
 some of the above, occur among the dis- 
 
 bursements in the churchwardens accounts : 
 — " Paid Mr. Fells for a new silver gilt 
 flaggon, a cup and cover, and for gilding 
 several other pieces of plate, £.60. 1 5 s. 5 d." 
 — " 1686. Paid for a silver gilt flaggon 
 weighing 99 ounces, at "js.Sd. £.37. ps. 6d." 
 
 — " 1687. Paid for two small chalyces of 
 
 silver gilt, £. 7. 15s. 6d." 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 205 
 
 A committee desired to take the opinions of Mr. attorney general. Inquiry as to 
 sir John Holt, sir Francis Pemberton, and Mr. PoUexfen, Whether (the steeple. 
 steeple being already in good repair) it be in the power of the major part of 
 the parish to lay and levy a rate, in order to the raising of the steeple higher, 
 both for ornament and the convenience of the parishioners ? 
 
 1691. The middle isle in the church to be raised and made level, it being Middle isle to 
 very uneven ; also ordered, that the churchwardens do pay the proportion of 
 the parish towards a lamp light, set up in the street near the church. 
 
 1697' Fifty shillings allowed for repairing the injury the engine hath 
 sustained at the fire at Whitehall. 
 
 1699. Paid £. 200 to Mr. Christain Smith (as -^ his receipt^ appears,) for Organ built 
 
 bv ** old 
 
 making and setting up the organ in the church ("). Smith." 
 
 1702. Paid Mr. PoUett, for painting and gilding the iron chest in y'. 
 vestry, £. 2. 
 
 1705. A new sun dial ordered to be set up on the south side of the New dial on 
 church, and a good wire before the king's arms window. ' 
 
 1706. The cupulo upon the steeple to be put in good and sufficient repair. Repairs to 
 and also a good new vane set up ; and the battlements to be repaired, and all ^^^^^ ^' 
 other work belonging to the upper part of the steeple. 
 
 1714. Ordered, that an account be taken of the repairs wanting to the 
 church. 
 
 1716. To the church goods before specified, the following valuable addi- Gift of a gold 
 tion was made this year : — •" A gold cup, 45 oz. at £A. 8s. per oz. «8.198. — cup'to" 
 Engraving the glory, and writing, 5 s. -^ — a case for ditto, 15 s. — Total cost, <=^""=' 
 a€. 199." This purchase was made pursuant to the will of Thomas Woodville, 
 a parishioner, who dying the preceding year on shipboard, bequeathed £.500 
 to the parish he was born in (found on search to be St. Giles's,) two hundred 
 pounds whereof was to be expended on " a communion cup," and three 
 hundred pounds on the poor. This beautiful utensil, unique as a piece of 
 church plate for its workmanship and material, was, with the rest of the 
 sacramental and other plate, stolen from the vestry room in the year 1804<. 
 
 1701. A good large oval table ordered to be provided for the vestry 
 room. ("). 
 
 The 
 
 ( '" ) This is the same organ that is now in the church, and is not inferior to any, by 
 this famous old maker. 
 
 ( " ) The same now in use there. 
 
 communion 
 
206 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Description 
 of the old, 
 or second 
 church. 
 
 Chancel, 
 pulpit, &c. 
 
 The accompanying plate (which is a correct view of the exterior of this 
 church) supersedes the necessity of a description of its general appearance. 
 The walls and tower were built of brick, surmounted by battlements coped 
 with stone, and stone dressings. The architecture was of the mixed kind ; 
 the pillars and arches of the interior composed of the modern Gothic and 
 Tuscan orders, the large windows an imitation of the Tuscan only. The 
 whole structure was roofed with timber, and had galleries on the north, west, 
 and south sides, with neat fronts, which (as will be seen by the preceding 
 extracts) were not a part of the original design, but erected long subsequent 
 to the building of the church ; viz. the south gallery, at the expence of 
 William Bainbridge, esq. in IG72, and the north gallery in I677. The whole 
 church was well pewed with oak. In the chancel was a handsome door case, 
 with pilasters and entablature of the Corinthian order ; and a very ornamental 
 pulpit, with enrichments of cherubims, festoons, &c. both of right Norway 
 oak ; the gift of the rector, Dr. Sharpe (afterwards archbishop of York.) 
 " The wainscot," says the author of the New View of London, " I can say 
 little of, nor is there any altar-piece, here being only these two things deficient, 
 to render this one of the neatest churches." 
 
 The great ornament, however, of the former church of St. Giles, was its 
 fine stained glass windoies, which would have been a real embellishment to, 
 and it is to be lamented were not set up again, in the present church ( " ). The 
 principal of these was the great east window. This consisted of four great 
 lights or compartments, filled with historical subjects and figures from Holy 
 Writ, the size of life, with the tracery at top enriched with glories. Each 
 light being contributed by a different donor, had his arms painted beneath. 
 The first, given by Mr. Abraham Speckart (who has been before mentioned,) 
 was Abraham offering up Isaac, probably an allusion to his own name of 
 Abraham ; the second, was Moses with the tables of the law, and was the 
 gift of Hamo Claxton, esq. ; the third, contributed by sir John Fenner, knight, 
 was David playing on the harp ; and the fourth and southmost division was 
 
 Solomon 
 
 (*°) These windows, it has been noticed, 
 were fortunately not destroyed during the 
 reign of fanaticism, though some of them 
 were removed. The whole of those de- 
 scribed above, were remaining in 1708, and 
 are mentioned in the New View of London, 
 from which this account of them is copied. 
 
 Mr. Flitcroft, by his contract for building 
 the present church (which follows) was to 
 have all the glass of the old one, which pro- 
 bably included these fine windows. It 
 would be desirable to know whether they 
 are still in existence. 
 
I 
 
 "■■■' ''^ ■'■ 'I t ''^''■'' - -'-I 
 
 i\ f/ririri ofirftii'-i/fir- 
 
ft .••<:..:.•••."»• 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 207 
 
 Solomon offering his prayer at the dedication of the Temple ; and was given 
 by Lord Mountnorris. This was illustrated by appropriate inscriptions, and 
 was put up in the years 1627 and 1628. Besides the above, the north and 
 south windows were also of painted glass, as well as those terminating the 
 aisles, and at the entrance of the choir. The subjects of these were Faith, 
 Hope, and Charity, The effigy of our Saviour, with the words, " Come unto 
 me ye that labour," &c. The arms of London, with motto and supporters ; and 
 those of the Fishmongers company, who gave the north window. The choir 
 window, called " The King's Arms Window," had, says a writer describing 
 this church, "the royal arms exquisitely painted." Some of the stained glass, 
 of which there was originally more, was destroyed by the fanatics during the 
 interregnum. 
 
 The dimensions of the church are stated to be ; — length, 123 feet ; breadth. Dimensions 
 57 feet ; height of the chancel, 26 feet j and that of the nave or body, 
 42 feet. The altitude of the steeple or turret, was 75 feet ; viz. the tower, 
 60 feet high ; and the turret, 15 feet. It contained a good ring of six 
 bells ("). 
 
 Present Church. — In less than a century the second church, from what Present 
 
 CHURCH * 
 
 cause is doubtful, (") was found, notwithstanding the many repairs it had its decayed 
 undergone, to be in a total state of decay ; and so low, from the accumulation state in 1715. 
 of earth around it, as to be completely damp and unwholesome. By a reso- 
 lution, therefore, made in 1715, it was recommended to " take the opinions of 
 the members of parliament inhabiting the parish, concerning the petitioning 
 parliament to have the church entirely rebuilt at the public charge." And a 
 paper was drawn up, intitled, " Reasons humbly offered, for a bill to re- "Reasons" 
 build the parish church of St. Giles's in the Fields, at the public charge, as new'^churcb * 
 one of the fifty new churches ; in which it was stated, as to the then con- 
 dition of the old church, " That it was built of bricks, and coin'd and 
 cop'd only with stone, was very old and ruinous, and upon a moderate com- 
 putation would cost ^.3,000 to put it into good repair and order. That the 
 ground about it being higher, the flore or body of the church lay lower than 
 the street by eight feet, at least, and thereby (and by the great number of 
 burials within it) is become very damp and unwholesome, as well as incon- 
 venient 
 
 (*') New View 1708. one, as has been hinted at in account- 
 
 ( " ) Possibly from the materials of the ing for the small sums they are stated to 
 old church being worked up in the new have sold for. 
 
Sd8 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Expences of 
 poor and pa- 
 rish in 1715. 
 
 General ina- 
 bility of pa- 
 rishioners on 
 this account 
 to rebuild 
 their church. 
 
 venlent to the gentry and others, who were obliged to go down several steps 
 into the church. That being built long since, it was ill contrived, and was 
 inconvenient for hearing, and in divers other respects ; and that these incon- 
 veniences could only be remedied by an entire new building, and would 
 remain still the same though the church should be repaired by the inhabitants 
 at the expence above mentioned ; nor could it be thought proper (as was 
 conceived) to lay out so great a sum in repairing a church under such cir- 
 cumstances." 
 
 As inducements to rebuild it at the public expence, or as one of the 50 new 
 churches, it was urged — " That the church stood at the farthest end of that 
 part of the town, and fronted St. Giles's High-street, which was the great 
 thoroughfare for all persons who travelled the Oxford or Hampstead roads ; 
 and a good church there, would be as great an ornament, and as much ex- 
 posed to view, as any church which could be built in town. That St. Giles's 
 being one of the out-parishes and very large, was so overburthened with 
 poor, that the expence of maintaining and relieving them, amounted commu- 
 nibus annis, to £. 3,300 at least, though their allowance was very small in 
 proportion to other parishes, and the poor's rate was constantly fifteen pence 
 in the pound, besides sixpence to the scavenger, and the rates to the high- 
 ways, windows and lamps." It was allowed, " That there were several noble- 
 men and gentlemen in the parish ; but if the church was to be repaired or 
 rebuilt at the parish charge, the rate for it must be laid on all, by a pound 
 rate, according to the rents of the houses ; which would also fall so heavy on 
 the trading and meaner sort of people, that it must very much impoverish, if 
 not ruin many of the most industrious part of the parish, the number of 
 tradesmen and poor inhabitants, being above ten to one in proportion to the 
 nobility and gentry, as was represented in 1711> by the then rector and 
 vestry, upon an exact survey given to the commissioners for the new churches, 
 in pursuance to an order from them given to that purpose ; and when the 
 parish should be divided into three or more, on building new churches (one 
 of which was then building,) the inhabitants, who would in all probability be 
 left to the old church, would be those that dwelt nearest to it ; and they 
 almost wholly tradesmen or others of less substance ; and then the expence 
 of keeping so old and crazy a church in repair and decent order, and in due 
 time of new building it, (which it must want in some years,) being added to 
 the other taxes of the parish, would be an unsupportable burthen to them, 
 
 especialy 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 209 
 
 especially when charged with the loss which would happen by the sinking of 
 the rents of the pews in the galleries, now taken and used by the nobility and 
 gentry, who would then belong to other parishes and churches." 
 
 It was further urged, " That by making this one of the 50 new churches, Proposal to 
 
 , 1111 make new 
 
 the charge of purchasing a site for the church and church-yard, and also the church one 
 maintenance for the minister, would be saved to the public ; and if three or ^^f^^^g^ 
 more of these churches were designed for the parish (as was presumed,) it churches. 
 would be very difficult and even impossible, without giving extravagant prices, 
 to find proper scites within this parish for more than two new churches ; and 
 if scites could be found, yet three churches in all were as many as were 
 wanted, there being then but one church, and two little chapels, and those 
 sufficient." ("). And finally, it was stated, " That this parish was already 
 loaded with a heavy quota to the land taxes, which obliged them every second 
 or third year at farthest to make a re-assessment of sixpence in the pound, 
 above the common pound rate intended by parliament, although all the houses 
 were taxed to the utmost of their rents and values, and no scite for a new 
 church and church-yard had, or could be bought in this parish, where there 
 was no waste or void ground, without pulling down £. 200 a year in houses, 
 which would still further sink the land-tax (as well as all other taxes,) and 
 raise the deficiencies and re-assessments." 
 
 By a vestry order, dated two years later (viz. 1717») these "Reasons" were " Reasons" 
 directed to be printed ; and were distributed among the different members of ^""^ bu'Wing 
 parliament, and other persons who had interest with government. And in ordered to be 
 the December of the same year, it was agreed, " That Dr. Baker and Mr. Milner ^"" 
 should be desired to prepare a petition to parliament, for appointing the church 
 of this parish to be one of the fifty new churches." A petition being pre- 
 pared accordingly, was presented to the house of commons, stating, " That 
 the church was built of brick, and had become extremely ruinous, and that a 
 
 sum 
 
 ( " ) It appears from the above, and other church, on the diminished population of 
 
 passages in this statement, that it was at first the mother parish, consisting chiefly of the 
 
 intended to divide St. Giles's parish into poorer sort, and to have brought on all the 
 
 three parishes, and to erect besides Blooms- other inconveniences mentioned. But whe- 
 
 bury church (here said to be building,) one ther these objections or other causes ope- 
 
 or more new churches at the public ex- rated, this design was abandoned, and 
 
 pence. The effect of this would have been, Bloomsbury church only was built, leaving 
 
 as truly observed, to have thrown the the parish undivided in effect, as it still 
 
 burthen of repairing or re-edifying the old remains. 
 
 Ee 
 
210 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH 
 
 Petition to 
 Parliament 
 as to. 
 
 sum of £. 3,000 would be required to put it into repair ; that the ground 
 surrounding it was much higher than the pavement, which rendered it con- 
 stantly damp and unwholesome ; that the parish paid £. 3,300 per annum 
 poors rates, and were therefore themselves unable to rebuild, &c. ;" concluding 
 with a prayer, that St. Giles's might be rebuilt as one of the fifty new churches. 
 And a bill, founded upon it, was passed in the February of the following year, 
 notwithstanding a considerable opposition in the house of lords (**), which, 
 after reciting these various reasons, concluded with enacting, " That it should 
 and might be lawful for the commissioners appointed in pursuance of two several 
 recited acts of parliament (9th and 10th of Anne,) and they were thereby 
 empowered to cause the said church of St. Giles in the Fields to be rebuilt 
 in such manner as they, or so many of them as were empowered by said acts, 
 in their discretion should think fit ; and to allot such sum and sums of money 
 as should be necessary for that purpose, and the same to be deemed and taken 
 
 to 
 
 (") It was strenuously supported by the 
 duke of Newcastle, the lord ohancellor, and 
 Proceedings in Other then eminent parishion- 
 
 partiamentasto. ^,.5,^ ^^.j^^, jj^j ^^^^^ ;„ p^^^. 
 
 liament, to whom the thanks of the parish 
 was voted, for " the extraordinary pains 
 they had taken in getting the above favour." 
 The archbishop of York, and five bishops, 
 with eleven temporal peers, protested against 
 the bill on the grounds following, viz. — 
 1. " Because it doth not appear to us from 
 any declaration in his majesty's name, to 
 either house of parliament, that his royal 
 leave was given for bringing in said bill, as it 
 ought." — 2. " Because this bill, in our opi- 
 nion, manifestly tends to defeat the ends 
 and purposes of two acts of parliament for 
 building fifty new churches ; and yet at the 
 same time asserts, that the intention of the 
 said acts would be hereby answered."— 
 3. " Because this bill further asserts, that 
 the parish of St. Giles is in no condition to 
 raise or pay the sum of £. 3,000, and up- 
 wards, for the repairs of its parish church, 
 which we apprehend to be evidently false, in 
 fact ; and, if true, to be no leason for re- 
 building the said church out of the fund 
 given for building fifty new churches." — 
 
 4. " Because this bill moreover asserts, that 
 the said church, when rebuilt, and the 
 church which is now building in the said 
 parish, by virtue of the acts for building 
 fifty new churches, will be sufficient for the 
 inhabitants of the said parish ; whereas, we 
 are credibly informed, and upon the best 
 calculation do believe, that there are about 
 40,000 souls in the said parish, and do 
 think, that three new churches, together 
 with the present church, will be barely suffi- 
 cient for that number." — 5. " Because, if 
 this precedent of rebuilding old churches 
 out of the fund appropriated for building 
 7iew ones, should be followed, and the ends 
 of the aforesaid acts should be thereby in 
 any great measure defeated, we are appre- 
 hensive that many thousands of his ma- 
 jesty's good subjects, in and about these po- 
 pulous cities, will be left unprovided of 
 churches, whereunto they may resort for the 
 public worship of God ; and will thereby 
 remain destitute of the necessary means of 
 being instructed in the true christian reli- 
 gion, as it is now professed in the church of 
 England, and established by the laws of this 
 realm." 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF- DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 211 
 
 to all intents and purposes as one of the fifty new churches appointed to be 
 built in pursuance of the said acts of parliament ; and generally to do all 
 other necessary acts, &c." — " And whereas William Baynbrigg, esquire, at his 
 own costs and charges, did erect the south gallery in the said parish church 
 of St. Giles, and gave the profits that should arise thereby for the benefit of 
 the poor of the said parish, in order that the charitable intention of the said 
 William Baynbrigg might not be frustrated, it was further declared and 
 enacted, that when the said parish church of St. Giles should be rebuilt, a 
 SOUTH GALLERY should be built (out of the monies thereby directed to be 
 applied for the rebuilding of said church) instead of the said south gallery 
 then in said church ; and that a certain sum of money, sufficient for building 
 thereof, should be set aside for that purpose ; and that the profits arising 
 from the said gallery so to be built, should go and be applied to such and the 
 same uses as the profits of the said south gallery were then applicable." 
 
 Notwithstanding the passing of this act, no measures were immediately Further pro- 
 taken for rebuilding the church, and it remained for several years afterwards j^ klilding* 
 in a ruinous state. In the year 1729, however, the commissioners having new church. 
 caused Bloomsbury church to be erected, but without making any provision 
 for the maintenance of a minister, and the church itself remaining un- 
 consecrated, a proposal was made by the churchwardens and vestry of St. Giles, 
 for settling a yearly income of £.850 on the rector of the new parish, 
 provided such commissioners would then new build their church, as directed 
 by the act, or allow them a sufficient sum for so doing. 
 
 This proposal being accepted, measures were immediately adopted for Act for 
 expediting the work ; and a second act being passed for providing the minister "' '"^ ° ' 
 of the new built church of Bloomsbury with a maintenance, it was at the 
 same time enacted, that the commissioners authorized to act by the said former 
 and present acts, should appropriate out of the funds which had been raised 
 for building the fifty new churches, the sum of £. 8,000, which was to be 
 paid into the hands of a treasurer, who was to pay or cause to be paid, after 
 the 24th of June 1730, such sum of money (not exceeding £. 8,000 in the 
 whole) upon the order of the rector for the time being, unto certain trustees 
 therein named (being members of the vestry,) who were to lay out and manage 
 the same for the rebuilding or repairing of the said church. 
 
 In consequence of this arrangement, articles of agreement (dated 9 June Agreement 
 1731) were entered into with Mr. Henry Flitcroft, architect; who contracted prf^f'^'tj, 
 
 E E 2 with architect. 
 
212 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 with the trustees for the considerations therein mentioned, " at his own costs 
 and charges, by or before the 31st of August then next ensuing, to pull and 
 take down the east and west ends, and the steeple of the said church, to the 
 bottom of the foundation thereof, and as low as a foot below the plinth or water 
 table on the north and south sides thereof, or lower, as shall be directed ; and also 
 at his own like charges, in a substantial! and workmanlike manner, to erect and 
 build on the ground where the said church then stood, one substantial! new church 
 and steeple of brick and stone, in such manner and form, and of such height, 
 width, length, thickness of walls, &c. as were expressed of and concerning same, 
 in such draughts or plans thereof, and the proposals thereof respectively an- 
 nexed, as also the model thereof made and delivered by the said Henry Flitcroft; 
 and that the said church and steeple respectively should be erected and built of 
 and with such stone, brick, timber and other materials, to be used and applied 
 in such manner and with such workmanship, as was more particularly men- 
 tioned and expressed in and by such draughts, proposals and models as afore- 
 said (*^). And that he would in like manner build contiguous to the church 
 
 a good 
 
 ( *' ) These " proposals," as well as the ori- 
 ginal agreement from which the above is 
 Mr. Fiitcroft's quoted, are still remaining 
 proposals. among the parish records, (as is 
 likewise the model of the church itself, in the 
 vestry-room). The proposals contain aminute 
 specification of all the various descriptions of 
 work to be done in the church, under the se- 
 veral heads of »na«onry, both inside and with- 
 out ; brickwork ; carpenter's work ; ceiling of 
 thechurch; joi/ner's work; plaisterer, plumber, 
 painter, smith, and glazier's works ; and also 
 the particulars relative to building the 
 vestry room. It would be tedious in this 
 place to give all the technical enumeration 
 of materials, workmanship, &c. contracted 
 to be used, but as matter of curiosity, a 
 slight summary of the whole may amuse. 
 In the plinth or base of the building, Port- 
 land stone onlj' was to be used, and no 
 stones were to be less than 8 inches in 
 thickness ; the steps were to be made of 
 the best Purbeck stone ; the rustic base- 
 
 ment, with the rustic doorwaj's and quoins 
 above them, the large rustic windows, and 
 the Venetian window, with their ornaments, 
 8ic. were to be of solid Portland stone, as 
 were also the steeple and bell tower, except 
 part of the inside of them which was to be 
 of Bath or Oxfordshire stone; and were all 
 to be answerable in form to a card model of 
 4 feet to the inch. The inside of the church 
 was generally to be paved with Purbeck 
 stone; the 8 columns and 14 pilasteis, were 
 to be of solid Bath or Oxfordshire stone; 
 the masonry of the other parts of the inside 
 was to be suitable, and no old stones were 
 to be used. The brickwork was all to be 
 done with good hard burnt bricks, and good 
 mortar, and was to answer in goodness with 
 the masonry. In the carpenter's work, the 
 best maiden English oak was only to be 
 used, and yellow Christiana whole deals, 
 where required, particularly in the roof and 
 ceiling. Fifty pews in the gallery, and one 
 hundred pews below in the church, were to 
 
 be 
 
« • • *• . 
 
 I 
 
 O 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. SIS 
 
 a good and substantial vestri/ roome, with a waiting room and passage, Kewvestry- 
 agreeably to model. That he would, at his own charge, clear and remove t'^^- 
 from the church and churchyard all the old stuff and rubbish, carry away and 
 drain off all superfluous water necessary to lay the foundations; and that the 
 said new church and steeple, vestry-room, &c. should be in all respects com- 
 pletely built and finished, and the church-yard, streets and avenues leading to 
 the same entirely cleared, on or before the 25th day of December 1733." 
 
 The sum to be paid the architect for this work was £. 7,030, which he was Expence of 
 to receive by six instalments of £. 1,000 each, during the progress of the church^ "^* 
 building, and the remaining i€. 1,030 on its completion ('*). Exclusively of this 
 sum, Mr. Flitcroft was by agreement " to have and take to his own proper 
 use, all the stone, bricks, timber, lead, iron, pews, wainscot, galleries, doors, 
 and other materials of the said old church, as also the glass, (including the old glass, 
 fine stained windows,) except monuments." And was not to be at the monuments, 
 expence " of taking down and replacing the bells and organ, or the removing 
 of coffins and corpse." And all alterations or additions to the proposals and 
 models delivered in, were to be paid such additional sums for as the trustees 
 should fix. 
 
 As a piece of architecture, St. Giles's church has met with the general Architectural 
 approbation of critics. The interior corresponds in elegant simplicity with the ^description 
 
 outside, church. 
 
 be made of the best joyner's work, and should weigh 6oo lbs. ; 3,500 lbs. weight of 
 for the most part with right wainscot ; as iron, at least, was to be used for chain bars 
 were the altar-piece and rails, with enrich- and cramps for the stone work, and 2,000 lbs. 
 ments according to model ; the old pulpit in other parts of the church, exclusively of 
 was to be used again, but new fitted up; 150 lbs. to the pews. A copper hall and 
 and two Doric and two Ionic columns of vane gilt, with an iron spindle, were to be 
 right wainscot also, with other appendages, made, of £.35 value. The glazier was to 
 were to be made to support the organ loft ; glaze the windows with the best crown 
 the door-cases, staircases, 8cc. were in ma- glass. The vestry room was to be made 
 terial and workmanship to correspond. The 20 by 25 feet, with a waiting room 15 by 
 plaisterer, plumber, and painter's work, were 18 feet, and a passage 6 feet wide, and all 
 each to be the best of their respective kinds, to be 12 foot high in the clear. Its mate- 
 but contain in their descriptions no par- rials and workmanship were to correspond 
 ticulars of interest. In the smith's work, it in goodness, in all respects, with those of 
 was contracted that the iron window frames the church. 
 
 and casements of ten smaller and sixteen C*) This estimate, however, v/as ex- 
 large windows in the body of the church, ceeded by upwards of £. ],ooo, Mr. Flit- 
 should at least weigh 500J lbs. weight ; and croft's receipt being for £.8,436. 19s. 6d. 
 that the iron work of the east window 
 
2ri4. ST. GILES'S PARISH j 
 
 outside. Amodern writer (1803) says, "The inside of St. Giles's is very chaste, 
 and the contour is grand and finely proportioned. Six pedestals, on each side of 
 the church, support four pilasters and two pillars of the Ionic order, with gilt 
 capitals ; the arches from which (ornamented by bands) intersect those of the 
 nave and side aisles, forming one of the best ceilings in London ; enriched with 
 elegant square pannels, enclosing circles, and centre flowers, &c." And the 
 same writer, speaking of the steeple, says, " The steeple is one of the hand- 
 somest in London (*')." It should be observed, that since this was written the 
 whole interior has been re-decorated, in a style highly tasteful and elegant. 
 Old church- Church Yard. — The church-yard, there is little doubt, was in antient 
 yard (1628.) ^|jjjgg ^}^q place of interment of the hospital, as well as the parish, and occu- 
 pied, in part, its present site ; but what was its precise extent then does not 
 appear (*'). The first mention of it in the parish books occurs in 1628, when 
 it was agreed in vestry, " That whereas for many years, till of late time, there 
 were standing upon the church-yard glebe certain cottages, to the number of 
 three tenements, out of which there did issue a yearly rent due unto the 
 parson, in the right of his rectory, to the value of six pounds ten shillings 
 yearly : And the said parson having agreed, upon entreaty made to him, that 
 the said three cottages should be demolished, as well because they were an 
 annoyance to the church-yard, as an hindrance to the burial ground, of which 
 latter the parish stood in great need ; said vestry should consider of a re- 
 compence answerable to such annual rent, as the said parson should lose by 
 the said tenements being removed." A second vestry, called soon afterwards, 
 agreed therefore, " That Dr. Manwayring, the rector, in consideration as 
 abovesaid (and also of a constant supply of preaching in the forenoons and 
 catechizing in the afternoons on Sundays,) should be allowed £.84) per annum, 
 to be collected proportionably by a tythe book." 
 Old church- The old hospital wall, much of which remained till the above period, and 
 pftal'walL°*' inclosed the north side of the church-yard, having from age in part fallen, 
 and otherwise become dangerous, order was made in 1630, " That the work- 
 men should view the ruins of the church -yard wall, latelt/ fallen doivn, and 
 consider whether the rest of the wall was not likely to fall ;" and they were to 
 
 make 
 
 ( *' ) Male. Lond. Rev. Vol. III. p. 491. 
 
 (*') It will be seen among the interments, that parishioners were buried in the present 
 church-yard, as early as the hospital times. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 215 
 
 make an estimate of the expence of taking it down, " and new building a 
 
 brick wall round about the church-yard, with the building in and inclosure of 
 
 the piece of ground intended to be given by Mr. Speckart." Some years, Enlarging of 
 
 however, appear to have elapsed before the new wall alluded to was finished, ^^^ ^jj-j ^f 
 
 if we may judge from an entry in 1639, which directs " the paving against ground to- 
 
 the church wall on the south side to be new paved," and which probably took 
 
 place in consequence of this improvement being then completed. 
 
 Mr. Speckart's ground had been previously taken into the church-yard, and 
 walled ; and himself was allowed the privilege, in return for his gift, of a 
 private entrance from his back premises that way to church, which accommo- 
 dation had also been granted to lady Dudley and two other particular bene- 
 factors before. That these entrances might not thereafter be claimed as 
 matter of right, an order was made in vestry, in 1637, " That the four private 
 doors opening into the church-yard, one of which was that wherein lady 
 Alice Dudley cometh into church, and another belonged to Mr. Speckart, 
 should on the death or removal of either of the parties, be immediately 
 stopped up." A payment is afterwards entered in the churchwardens 
 accounts, " for amending the lady Dudlie's gate," which seems to have been 
 kept in repair at the parish expence. 
 
 The great and rapid increase of the parish soon after the Restoration, ren- Further 
 dering the still further enlargement of the church -yard a matter of positive ^"'^""S^- 
 necessity, a petition was in 1664 ordered to be prepared and presented to the 
 bishop of London, praying for a commission to make an assessment for taking 
 from the then tenant " a parcel of ground bounding upon the church, upon 
 the south, for a burial ground." And (1666) it was ordered, " that the land 
 lately inolosed as a church-yard, be purchased of Sir Richard Stiddolph, if he 
 please ; and that £. 60 be proffered him for the inheritance." But this sum 
 being refused, Dudley Short, esq. and other members of the vestry, were 
 appointed to treat for the same ; and the sum of £. 70 being finally offered 
 and accepted, the said Sir Richard Stiddolph, by deed dated January 24 and 
 25, 1667, conveyed the same to the said Dudley Short, &c. by the description Ground 
 of, " all that peece of ground, parcell of a certain garden plott, as the same c""!!'*^'^ j 
 was then fenced off from the rest of the same garden plott, and lying next Stiddolph. 
 adjoining the church-yard of the said parish" («. e. of St. Giles,) " containing 
 by estimation a quarter of an acre or thereabouts, in trust to permitt the 
 churchwardens to use and employ the said premises as they should think fitt, 
 
 for 
 
216 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Part of 
 church-yard 
 enlarged 
 by it. 
 
 Church-yard 
 Gates. 
 
 for the sole benefit of the poor, and not anyways for the benefit or advantage of 
 the parson or his successors." 
 
 The ground here conveyed forms that part of the church-yard which is 
 bounded by Corapton-street in part, and Phoenix-street ; and which had ori- 
 ginally been part of the precinct or inclosure for St. Giles's hospital. The 
 garden plot from which it is mentioned to be separated, was afterwards let to 
 a gardiner of the name of Brown, and was from him called " Brown's 
 Gardens." Some question respecting the right of disposal of this, and the 
 rest of the church-yard, seems to have existed previously to the execution of 
 the above deed, which might have occasioned the particular specification in the 
 trust, of its being to be employed for the sole benefit of the poor. This appears 
 by a resolution of vestry (March 24, 1666,) " That the ground of the church 
 and church-yard (except the chancell,) was to be at the disposal of the 
 churchwardens, for the opening of graves ; and they were ordered to defend 
 their right in behalf of the parish." And by a subsequent resolution 
 (May 30, 1668,) it was ordered, " That the appointment of grave-making 
 (except in the chancell,) should be at the sole direction of the church- 
 wardens." (".) 
 
 Church-yard Gates. — Anno 1686, it was directed, " That a view be taken 
 of the way by the church, in order for the more convenient standing of the 
 coaches of gentlemen coming to church." To effect which, the next vestry 
 made an order, " That a substantial gate, out of the wall of the church-yard 
 near the round-house, should be made, and also a door answerable to it out 
 of the church, at the foot of the stairs leading up to the north gallery." 
 
 The 
 
 (*') The following are miscellaneous entries 
 as to ihcchurch-yardjof a subsequent date : 
 
 " 1669. Paid Mr. Bayley, the bricklayer, 
 for building tlie church-yard wall, 8cc. 
 f.54. Gs." 
 
 " 1670. The sexton having petitioned 
 that the lights by him made into the church- 
 yard (from his additional building to his 
 dwelling-house) be allowed to remain, 
 during pleasure only, it was agreed to, 
 on condition that he do give as an acknow- 
 ledgment to the rector and churchwardens 
 yearly, on the Tuesday seven'night after 
 paster, two good fat capons, ready dressed." 
 
 " Ordered, that the doorway or passage, 
 late Mr. Speckart's, be stopped up." 
 
 "1681. Agreed, at the request of the 
 inhabitants of Cock and Pye Fields, that 
 they, at their own charge, be allowed to 
 make a door in the wall out of Cock and 
 Pye Fields, to come that way to church, by 
 or through an entry or passage there left. 
 And that they, at their own cost, either 
 gravel a causeway for people to pass that 
 way across the church-yard, or pay the 
 churchwardens two guineas towards doing 
 the same." 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 
 
 217 
 
 The gate, built in pursuance of the above resolution, was completed the 
 following year (I687,) and adorned with the curious and well known piece 
 of sculpture of the Resurrection, still existing, and which ornaments the 
 principal entrance to the church and church-yard, and has hence received 
 the denomination of — 
 
 " The Resurrection Gate." 
 
 The erection of this gate, (") and the et cceteras connected with it, cost 
 the parish £. 185, and upwards ; out of which, £. 27 was paid for the carving 
 work. The several other items of charge, which are rendered interesting by 
 the celebrity this ornament has acquired, are as follows ; viz. 
 
 d. £. s. d. 
 
 Mr. Sands (plumber) - *- 16 
 
 Gravel for walk - - _ _ 25 — 
 
 Spreading ditto, and rubbish — 19 6 
 
 Love, the carver's bill - - 27 
 
 " The new gate — 
 
 £. s. 
 
 Mr. Hopgood's bill - - - 
 
 11 10 
 
 — Wheatley's bill - - - 
 
 67 ~ 
 
 — Woodman, the mason - 
 
 23 — 
 
 — Bailey, bricklayer - - 
 
 31 — 
 
 — Townsend, painter - - 
 
 7 — 
 
 Expence of 
 Resurrection 
 gate and 
 tablet. 
 
 Total- - - £.185 14 6' 
 
 The " New View .of London " (I7O8,) speaking of this gate and wall, 
 says, " The church-yard is fenced with a good brick wall ; and under a large 
 compass pediment over the gate near the west end is a prodigious number of 
 carved figures, being an emblem of the Resurrection, done in relievo, very 
 curiously, and erected in the year I687." This specimen of carving, has Description 
 been recently cleaned and refixed, and is now in good preservation. The °'- 
 composition, which has been generally noticed and admired, is partly bor- 
 rowed, but with various alterations and additions, from Michael Angelo's 
 Last Judgement ( " ). 
 
 The gate being finished, it was ordered the following year, " To pave with 
 
 flat stones the passage between the church gates, and to put up new posts ; 
 
 and also, that the pavement at the great west door of entrance, and the 
 
 church wall, should be speedily raised." And 1689, it was further ordered. Alterations 
 
 " for care to be taken to have the little west door into the church-yard inchurch- 
 
 . , yard, gates, 
 repaired &c. 
 
 ( '° ) N. B. — The original gate stood 
 eastuard of its present site. 
 
 (^') A grand piece of sculpture of a 
 similar nature is said to exist over the gate 
 of the church of St. Sepulchre in Paris. 
 
 Another piece like the present, is also 
 placed over the church-yard gate of St. 
 Stephen, Coleman-street, but very in- 
 ferior in all respects. 
 
 Ff 
 
218 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH 
 
 Interments in 
 old church. 
 
 repaired and raised." — Anno 1693. A penthouse was ordered to be made ovef 
 the gate leading out of the church-yard into " Brown's Gai-dens " ('*). 
 
 Anno 1765. The north wall of the church-yard was taken down from gate 
 to gate, and in lieu thereof the present dwarf wall and iron pallisadoes were 
 erected. 
 
 Interments. (") 
 In the Second Church, were monuments to the memory of the following persons: 
 
 John Byrch, Esquire, 1581. 
 
 Dame Catherine Cope - . - .. 1646 
 Francis Widdrington, esq. - - - 1649 
 Jane Whetstone ------ 1653 
 
 1654 
 1656 
 1660 
 1663 
 1664 
 1667 
 
 Elizabeth Conyers 
 
 Phil. Lord Stanhope - - - - 
 
 Christ. Dudley, esq. - - - - 
 
 Lady Frances Kniveton - - - 
 Susan Wynne ------ 
 
 Dame Frances Cotton - - - 
 
 John Lord Bellasyse ----- 1670 
 
 Serj' (ThoO Widdrington 
 John Pearson, et Ux. 
 
 Judith Bayley, &c. - - 
 
 PleydelHale - - - - 
 
 Margaret Beaw - - - 
 
 Tho' Cornwallis - - - 
 Sir Roger L'Estrange 
 
 William Thorold - - - 
 
 Francis Bacon - - - - 
 
 William Styddulfe, esq. - 
 
 1674 
 1682 
 1683 
 1694 
 
 1703 
 1704 
 
 These monuments were mostly of marble ; and several of them of considerable magni- 
 tude 
 
 ('*) This was the gate now leading to Compton- 
 street, on the south side of the church-yard. The 
 gate on the opposite side, N. E. was beautified 
 1704. — New View of London. 
 
 (^^) In a MS. remaining in the hands of a 
 gentleman of the parish, intitled, " Inscriptions 
 Otherintermenu taken from monumental stones in 
 in old church, St. Giles's church ; with the arms 
 i'^^-) belonging to each, as they stood in 
 
 their respective places in and about the church 
 in 1731 ; those of any value or note are pre- 
 served in a vault or repository under the church, 
 since it was rebuilt." By Jos. Saunders, — are ac- 
 counts of the following additional monuments, 
 and which have not generally appeared in any 
 printed authorities ; viz. 
 
 1. Benjamin Bradburn, gent. 1676. y small 
 black marble monument in a corner at the east 
 end of the south aisle. English inscription. Arms. 
 
 2. Arthur Newman, gent, and wife, &c. 1659. 
 A monument next the above. Arms. 
 
 3. The bon. Mrs. Catherine CUfford, 1708. 
 A marble tablet upon one of the pillars at the 
 west end of the south aisle. English inscription. 
 Arms. 
 
 4. Nathaniel Brakenbury, architect, and wife, 
 
 1665. A small black marble monument at the 
 east end of the north aisle. Latin inscription. 
 Arms. 
 
 5. Lady Anne Bellasyse, wife of John lord Bel- 
 lasyse, 1662. A black marble slab under the 
 communion table. English inscription. Arms, 
 coronet, &c. 
 
 6. Dorothy Wankford, 1690. A white marble 
 slab near the last. Inscription. Arms. 
 
 7. RalphBucknall, esq. and wife, 1710. A black 
 marble slab in the middle aisle, a little west from 
 the pulpit. Latin inscription. Arms. 
 
 8. Mr. John Herbert, aged 13 months ; died 
 1718. A black slab near the last. 
 
 9. Mrs. Elizabeth Downing, 1713. A marble 
 tablet on a pillar on the north side of the middle 
 aisle. Inscription. Arms. 
 
 10. Judith Heneage, widow; died 1709, aged 
 80. A tablet opposite the last. 
 
 11. Dame Frances Anderton, 1709-10. A 
 black marble slab in the middle aisle. 
 
 12. Alicia, wife of Alex. Sheppard, LL.D.1631. 
 A small black marble monument at the east end 
 of the north isle. Latin inscription. Arms. 
 
 13. Thomas Lewis, 1652. A black marble 
 near the last. English inscription. 
 
 14. James 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 
 
 '^19 
 
 tude and elegance. The following description will afford a general idea of their nature 
 and situation : — 
 
 Body of the Church. 
 
 A grey marble flat grave-stone near the pulpit, plated with^ 
 brass, with arms on a brass plate ; viz. a chevron wavy between 
 Johannes ) three eagles displayed : the inscription much obliterated. — 
 
 Interments in 
 body of old 
 church. 
 
 Byrch. j N. B. This stone, from the date on it, must have been removed / 
 I from the first church, where it probably, as here, formed part 
 V. of the pavement. English inscription, verses. J 
 
 ( A pretty small white marble monument, on a south pillar,"! 
 'almost fronting the pulpit, adorned with urns, leaves, fruitjj- 
 I &c. English inscription, verses. J 
 
 (A small monument fixed on one of the south pillars of the"! 
 church, with the face of the monument fronting the north l 
 aisle. No arms. English inscripti 
 
 Judith 
 Bayley. 
 
 Jane 
 
 Middle 
 aisle. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 ion, verses. 
 
 Elizabeth 
 Conyers. 
 
 Susan 
 Wynne. 
 
 r A handsome black and white marble monument, fixed in"! 
 
 J the south wall of the church Arms ; azure a mauncb, or» I South aisle. 
 
 I ornaments, 8cc. Latin inscription. J 
 
 iA small monument fixed in the south wall towards the west."! 
 Arms; a chevron between three flower de lis, impaled with I Ditto. 
 ^ a lion rampant. English inscription. J 
 
 An 
 
 14. James Morgan. A stone near the last. 
 Inscription imperfect. 
 
 15. Mrs. Anne Mannyngham, 1675. A slab 
 at the west end of the north aisle. 
 
 16. Richard Scarth, 1709. A stone at the 
 west end of the middle aisle. Inscription. 
 
 17. John Hawford, of Clements-inn, gent. &c. 
 1712. A neat polished white marble monument 
 upon a pillar in the north aisle. Inscription. Arms. 
 
 18. Elizabeth Bacon, wife of Francis Bacon, 
 of Gray's-inn, and several of their children, 
 1663. Small white marble tablet on one of the 
 south pillars. Arms. 
 
 19. Peter Reggio, musician, 1685. A monu- 
 ment on the left-hand pillar of the porch of the 
 south entrance. Long encomiastic Latin inscription. 
 
 20. George Dormer, esq. 1717. A monument 
 under the north wall. 
 
 21 Lady Wortley and her 2 daughters, 1683-4. 
 A small black marble monument on the north 
 side of the altar. English inscription. 
 
 22. John Harley, 1721. A stone in the south 
 aisle. English inscription. Verses. 
 
 23. Thomas Hercules, gent. 1697. A small 
 white marble tablet in the south aisle-wall. 
 
 24. Edward lord Herbert of Chirbury, 1648. 
 A plain stone before the altar rails on the south 
 side of the choir. Latin inscription. Arms. 
 
 25. John Herbert, esq. 1707. A flat stone in 
 the middle of the choir. 
 
 26. Maria, countess of Coventry, 1702. A 
 flat stone on the south side of the altar rails. 
 Arms, &c. 
 
 27. Anne, only daughter of dean Hayley, rector, 
 1721. A handsome white veined marble monu- 
 ment on the north side of the choir, above sir Tho. 
 Widdrington's. Inscription. Arms. 
 
 28. Hester Barron, 1717. A white marble 
 monument against a pillar of the middle aisle. 
 
 29. Rhoda Amcotts, 1659. A small black 
 monument near the altar. 
 
 30. Ursula Hutton, 1649. A small white 
 marble monument behind the choir door-case. 
 
 31. Dorothy Widdrington, 1649. A monu- 
 ment on the south side of the choir. Latin inscrip- 
 tion. 
 
 F F 2 
 
220 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Lady 
 
 Frances 
 Kniveton. 
 
 Jn" & Alice 
 Pearson. 
 
 Francis 
 
 Bacon, 
 
 &c. 
 
 Margaret 
 Beaw. 
 
 ^ An extraordinary spacious monument, next to the last, 
 mostly marble ; adorned with cartouches, cornish, pediment 
 mantling, festoons, &c. On the pediment is a death's head, 
 having a laurel chaplet, and the word " Resurgamus," between 
 two boys, supporting a large mantling, supposed to be let I „ , 
 down and cover the whole monument. Arms ; ruby a chevron f '* ^* 
 
 verry, on a canton pearl, a sinister hand of the first, impaled 
 with topas, a lion rampant diamond, three crescents topas in 
 chief, two birds rising diam. Long English inscription; 
 
 Uffigies, &c. ('*) 
 
 {A small white marble monument, fixed on one of the south"! 
 pillars fronting N. W. Arms; party per fess embattled, !■ 
 azure and gules, three suns proper. English inscription. J 
 
 f A very curious though small marble monument, fixed on^ 
 I the same pillar as above. Arms ; gules on a chief argent, two I 
 < mullets sable ; quartered with sable on a bend cottized argent, ( 
 
 three laurel leaves or, with a crescent for difference. English 
 ^inscription. ' 
 
 A small neat marble monument in the south-east corner,' 
 adorned with cherub, urn, &c. and arms. Azure a lion ram- 
 pant or impaled proper, impaled with ermine on a fess 
 sable, three mullets or. The crest a dexter head holding 
 a curtelax (or cutlass) proper. Long Latin inscription. 
 Latin motto, &c. 
 
 > 
 
 William 
 Thorold. 
 
 William 
 Styddulfe. 
 
 Pleydell 
 Hale. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 North 
 aisle. 
 
 ■ ) Ditto. 
 
 A very neat marble monument by the north door-case." 
 Arms ; sable, three goats springant argent, impaled with 
 gules on a chevron argent; three mullets, sable. English 
 inscription. 
 
 A spacious monument near the above, adorned with a half 
 length upright effigy, holding in the right hand a book, and 
 resting the left hand on a scull. Arms ; four coats, quarterly. 
 Ji.Or, on a chief sable; two griffins heads erased argent. 
 yi. Gules, two lions passant, or. 3. Argent, a chevron be- 
 tween three eagles displayed, sable. 4. Or, a brass argent, 
 with a mullet for a difference ; also these sable. A brass flory, 
 jjr, between fom- escalop shells, argent. English inscription. 
 
 A very small polished white marble monument on one of 
 the north pillars, towards the west end fronting S. E. Arms ; 
 three broad arrows pointing towards the base of the escut- 
 cheon. No colours. Latin inscription. Verses. 
 
 (' ) This monumentis now fixed at the entrance Kniveton, in white marble, and the tablet and in- 
 
 of the north aisle of the present church, having scription above it, seem to be all that remains of 
 
 been preserved after the demolition of the old the original monument. The other parts were 
 
 church ; buta/Zthe ornaments mentioned are gone, probably supplied upon setting it up where it nov; 
 
 as well as the arms. The beautiful effigies of lady stands. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 
 
 221 
 
 Sir Roger 
 L' Estrange. 
 
 Dame Fr. 
 Cotton. 
 
 A handsome white marble monument, adorned with car-"! 
 touches, leaves, fruit, &c. on the next north pillar to the I 
 above. Arms; gules, two lions passant, argent. English j 
 inscription. J 
 
 West End of the Chuech. 
 
 r A small stone monument. Arms ; an eagle displayed witlT 
 a crescent for a difference, impaled with three stirrups ; and 
 
 < 
 
 also higher four escutcheons crossways, each charged with 
 as many annulets within a border bearing seven castles ; on 
 a cartons under a sinister hand, the word "largiter," and 
 ^under a flaming heart, " sarsum." 
 
 ) 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 Interments 
 west end of 
 old church. 
 
 Francis 
 Widdrington. 
 
 Thomas 
 Widdrington. 
 
 Phil. Lord 
 Stanhope. 
 
 
 Dame 
 Cath. Cope. 
 
 Christopher 
 Dudley. 
 
 Chancel. 
 
 A spacious white marble monument on the south side of 
 the altar rails. Arms; quarterly, a bend with a crescent for 
 a difference, impaled with — three bars jettant; a lion ram- 
 pant. Colours not painted. Long Latin inscription. 
 
 A neat white marble monument on the north side of the' 
 altar, nearly opposite to the above. Arms ; quarterly, sur- 
 tout, a bend with a crescent for a difference. Long Latin 
 .inscription. 
 
 A large black and white marble monument on the south "\ 
 side, with pilasters and entablature of the composite order ; 
 enrichments of seraphims, coronets, cartouches, &c. Arms ; 
 ]8 coats quarterly. The first, more particularly his lordship's. 
 Quarterly, ermine and ruby. The rest various. English in- 
 l. scription. J 
 
 A plain black and white marble monument, near the last." 
 Arms ; her paternal coat. Argent a fess, three lozenges in 
 chief, sable, impaled severally with those of her three husbands ; 
 viz. 1st. husband, gules, a bend between three martlets, or, 
 for the name of Henry. 2d. D" gules, a chevron between 
 three estoiles, or, by the name of Chetwin. 3d. D° argent, 
 on a chevron between three roses slipt gules, as many flowers 
 de lis, or, by the name of Cope. English inscription. 
 
 A handsome white marble monument on the south side,] 
 adorned with cherubims, cornucopias, &c. and arms, or, a I 
 lion with a double rampant vest ; impaled with argent, a fret 
 gules. English inscription. Verses. 
 
 
 Interments 
 in chancel of 
 old church. 
 
 South 
 Side. 
 
 North 
 Side. 
 
 South 
 Side. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 A black 
 
222 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH 
 
 John Lord 
 
 Bellasvse. 
 
 
 Thomas 
 Cornwallis. 
 
 (A black and white marble monument, with columns and -\ 
 entablature of the Ionic order, and arms. A chevron between 
 three flowers de lis, with a crescent for a difference; im- 
 paled with three swords in pile ; also there arms ; a fess be- 
 tween three cross croslets. Very long English inscrip- 
 tion (^') 
 
 A neat blue veined marble monument on the south side ;^ 
 arms eight coats, quarterly ; : . sable gutte de I'eau, on a 
 fess argent, three blackbirds ; 2. sable, three bars gemelis 
 argent on a canton, or, a crescent gules ; 3. a lion rampant 
 gules ; 4. gules to crescents 4, 3, 2, and 1 ; 5. sable, a cross 
 flory, or ; 6. argent, a chevron sable between three blackbirds, 
 with a border engrailed gules, charged with entoir 1 1 besants, 
 &c. Long English inscription ('"). 
 
 North 
 Side. 
 
 South 
 Side. 
 
 Monuments 
 in old and 
 present 
 church- 
 yards. 
 
 John Thorn- 
 ton, 1611. 
 
 CHURCH-YARD. 
 
 Having stated various particulars as to the church-yard, and its enlargement 
 at different periods, we shall close our account of it by noticing a few of the 
 more remarkable funeral memorials, &c. which were there. The remainder 
 will be found described in the various histories of London. 
 
 The oldest monument remaining in the church-yard in I7O8, was dated 
 anno I6II, and is thus described in the New View of London. " In the 
 cemetary or church-yard, close to the wall on the south side, and near the west 
 end, this inscription on a tombstone, 
 
 " Johannes Thornton, &c. In memory of his deare wife." 
 
 This lady is described in the English lines which follow as having died in 
 childbirth. The husband was the builder of, and gave name to Thornton's alley, 
 which was probably his estate. The family was originally from Yorkshire, and 
 from the following lines " round the margent of the stone," had been 
 parishioners as early as the hospital times : — 
 
 " Full south this stone four foot, doth lye 
 His father, John, and grandsire, Henry ; 
 Thornton, of Tliornton in Yorkshire bred. 
 
 Where lives the fame of Thornton's being dead." 
 
 George 
 
 {") This monument is still remaining, 
 and is on the outside of the church, against 
 the east wall of the chancel. 
 
 (^'') We forbear to insert the inscriptions 
 on this and the other monuments described. 
 
 as they would take up much room, and are 
 all printed, (exclusively of those from the 
 MS. just mentioned) in the New View of 
 London, 1 708. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 228 
 
 George Chapman, poet, anno 16 . The inscription on this monument, in George 
 antient roman characters, was as follows : — poet^i6^"'. 
 
 " Georgius Chapman, poeta, MDCXX. Ignatius Jones, architectas, 
 Regius, ob honorem bonarum literarum familari 
 Sub. hoc mon, D. S. P. F. C." 
 So given in the plate of this tomb in Smith's " Antiquities of London," 
 who has copied it from one of the Histories of London, but certainly erroneous, 
 if we may believe the MS. account of monuments, &c. in the old church, just 
 quoted, which contains a drawing of this tomb, and a fac-simile of the muti- 
 lated inscription as it then (1731) remained, with the following remarks ; " It is 
 said this stone was taken out of a vault on the south of the church, where it 
 now stands above ground, against the wall ; but it seems impossible, the stone 
 being fixed in a manner to the wall of the church, and has stood so many 
 years. There has been a fair inscription on this stone, but it is so much 
 defaced, that the letters (most of them) are invisible. See the next page.'* 
 — Here he, the writer, gives the following defaced inscription : — 
 "DO 
 Georgivs Chapmannvs 
 Poeta .... ricvs Philosophvs 
 
 Ovin 
 
 Salv . . 
 
 OC MDCXXXIV 
 H S' E 
 
 Ignatius Jones Architectvs 
 Bonarvm 
 
 P V C." 
 From the above (the correctness of which there seems little reason to doubt) 
 it will be seen that Smith's print only gives a small part of the original 
 inscription ; and that the dates also differ. The monument (the writing on 
 which is now totally defaced) resembles a Roman altar ; and from its singular 
 shape, and being a work of Inigo Jones (rather than the celebrity of the poet 
 whom it commemorates,) has occasioned various drawings and engravings 
 to be made of it, and must excuse our saying so much about it. In the 
 accompanying plate we have copied it, inscription and all, from the MS. 
 -""dedto(-) ^^^^^^^ 
 
 ( '^ ) The great resemblance of this tomb mistaken for such ; but there seems no other 
 to a Roman altar, has occasioned it to be reason for this opinion than its form. It was 
 
 undoubtedly 
 
'224 
 
 Richard Pen- 
 drell, pre- 
 server of 
 king Charles 
 II, 1671. 
 
 Pendrell 
 
 family — 
 account of. 
 
 Eleanor 
 Stewart, 
 1725- 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Richard Pendrell, died I67I. This monument stands a little south-east 
 of the church, and has the following inscription on it : — 
 
 " Here lies Uichard Pendrell 
 Preserver and conductor to his sacred Majesty king Charles the second, of Great Britain 
 after his escape from Worcester fight, 1650, who died Feb. 8, 1671 
 Hold passenger, here's shrouded in this herse 
 Unparallel'd Pendrell thro' the universe ! 
 Like when the eastern star from Heav'n gave light 
 To three lost kings, — so he in such dark night 
 To Britain's monarch lost by adverse war. 
 On earth appear'd a second eastern star ; 
 A pole, a stem, in her rebellion's main 
 A pilot to her royal sovereign came : 
 Now to triumph in Heaven's eternal sphere 
 He is advanc'd for his just^teerage here. 
 Whilst Albion's chronicles with matchless fame 
 Embalm the story of great Pendrell's name." 
 
 It should be observed, that the tomb of Pendrell now seen is modem ; the 
 late raising of the church-yard having so far buried the original one, as to 
 render the erection of a new monument to preserve the memory of this 
 singular character necessary. The black marble slab of the old tomb, at 
 present, forms the base of the new one. 
 
 At the time of the king's escape the Pendrells resided in Staffordshire, but 
 afterwards became parishioners of St. Giles's. It is probable that Richard 
 Pendrell might have followed the king up to town at his restoration, and then 
 settled in this parish as being near the court. Certain it is that Pendrell's 
 descendants continued inhabitants here for years afterwards, as the name 
 of William Pendrell occurs in 1702-3, as overseer of the poor. The great 
 grand-daughter of Richard Pendrell is, or was lately living, in the neighbouring 
 parish of Covent-garden, and is said to have enjoyed a small pension, part of 
 the one granted to her ancestor. 
 A stone in the church-yard against the east end of the north aisle of the church : 
 
 " Near this place lyes the body of Eleanor Stewart, who dyed 
 The first day of May 1725, aged 123 years, and above 5 months. 
 She lived in this parish near 60 years, and received £. 1 50 by 
 A pension of 4 s. a week in the last 15 years of her life." -p 
 
 undoubtedly the work of the classical ar- 
 chitect whose name it bears, and who con- 
 secrating it to the memory of his friend, hit 
 on that appropriate shape as most expressive 
 
 of his design in erecting it. An account 
 of Chapman may be found inGEANGEK, 
 but the date of his death agrees with 
 neither of the preceding descriptions. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 225 
 
 Earl of Derwentwater, &c. — James RatclifFe, third earl of Derwent- EarlofDer- 
 
 WGntWcitcr 
 
 water, beheaded 24th January 1715-16, for being concerned in the rebellion of 1715-16. ' 
 that year, had a temporary interment in St. Giles's church-yard in the fields ; 
 from whence his body was afterwards removed and deposited in the family 
 burial place in the chapel of his mansion, at Dilston, in Northumberland. His 
 son also, Charles Ratcliffe, esq. for taking part in the succeeding rebellion 
 of 1745, and who was beheaded 8th December 1746, was buried in the 
 church-yard of St. Giles ( " ). 
 
 The two following inscriptions, commemorating the munificence of the 
 duchess Dudley, and Mr. Abraham Speckart, are noticed by Strype, as 
 remaining in the church, and church-yard, in I72O. 
 
 Duchess Dudley. — A monument set up in St. Giles's church, inscribed Duchess 
 
 " Alice duchess Dudley, nument in 
 
 A lady of a vast charitable mind, and who did many good deeds to this old church, 
 
 1669. 
 parish. She died anno 1669, third daughter of sir Thomas Leigh of Stoneley, 
 
 Warwickshire, knight and baronet. Her mother was Catherine, daughter of 
 sir John Spencer of Wormleighton, knight, and great grandfather to earl Sun- 
 derland. The foresaid sir Thomas Leigh, had by the said Catherine, John 
 Leigh, knight, who was the father of the lord Leigh, baron of Stoneley. 
 There is her funeral sermon preached by Dr. Boreman, minister of St. Giles ; 
 and a narrative of her hfe and death, which was published after the sermon. She 
 was the relict of sir Robert Duddeley, knight, son to Robert late earl of Leicester; 
 and for his excellent merits created a duke by Ferdinand II, late emperor of 
 Germany. She was by letters patent, bearing date at Oxford, the 20th of May, 
 20 Car. I, advanced by him to the title of a duchess ; being by the foresaid 
 Robert, the mother of five daughters, Alice Douglas ; Frances, wife of sir 
 Gilbert Kniveton, knight ; Anne, wife of sir Robert Holburne, late of 
 Lincoln's-inn ; all these deceased ; and Katherine, the only surviving picture, 
 in piety and goodness, of her lady mother, and widow of sir Richard Levison, 
 knight of the bath. She was born in the town of Stonely. There is a cata- 
 logue of her charities, to the reparation and rebuilding of this church, and the 
 ornaments of the altar. Besides her charities to Stonely, where her body lies 
 entombed, and many other charities and augmentations of poor vicarages, she 
 purchased a fair house and garden, near the church of St. Giles, for the 
 incumbent there ; and many other charities, which are all set down in an 
 account of her good deeds in her life and at her death." 
 
 Mr. 
 (*') Gentleman's Magazine, Feb. 1749, pp. 110, m. 
 
 Gg 
 
226 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Mr.Abraham 
 
 Speckart, 
 
 1630. 
 
 Censure of 
 St. Giles's 
 church-yard. 
 
 Parsonage 
 House. 
 
 Its gift by 
 Duchess 
 Dudley, 
 1646. 
 
 Extract from 
 her will as 
 to. 
 
 Mr. Abraham Speckaet.-— An inscription set up in the middle of the 
 south wall of the church-yard, 
 
 " Laus Deo, 
 In cujus, he. Christianae Sepulturae, honorem, minis victi olim caemeterij fines, 
 novi hujus, 128 pedes longi, & I7 lati, donatione Abrahamus Speckart, arm. 
 & Dorothea uxor ejus ampliarunt, anno dom. 1630." 
 
 Pennant (Account of London, p. 157) speaks of a neglect formerly in 
 the conduct of this church-yard, which has since been remedied. His words 
 are strong. 
 
 " I have in the church-yard (St. Giles's) observed with horror, a great 
 square pit with many rows of coffins, piled one upon the other ; all exposed 
 to sight and smell. Some of the piles were incomplete, expecting the 
 mortality of the night. I turned away disgusted at the view, and scandalized 
 at the want of police, which so little regards the health of the living as to 
 permit so many putrid corpses, tacked between some slight boards, dispersing 
 their dangerous effluvia over the capital. Notwithstanding a compliment paid 
 to me in one of the public papers, of my having occasioned the abolition of this 
 horrible practice, it still remains uncorrected in this great parish. The reform 
 ought to have begun in the place just stigmatized." ( " ) 
 
 Parsonage Hotise. 
 
 This building, which was called the White House, and stood on the site of 
 the present Dudley-court, near the church, was with the garden attached to 
 it, purchased by duchess Dudley in the year 164<6 ; " who gave it," says 
 Dr. Boreman in her funeral sermon, " for a perpetual mansion for the incum- 
 bent after three lives, whereof two are expired." And Mr. Cornish, the minister, 
 having the same year taken proper legal steps for securing the same, there 
 was ordered by a vestry minute "to be paid ^.9- 15*. which he had disbursed 
 for sueing the pardon of alienation, and clearing the title of the parsonage 
 house." [It is thus noticed in the duchess's will, Nov. 2, 1668 :] " "Whereas 
 I have made a lease in trust to the most reverend father in God WiUiam lord 
 archbishop of Canterbury, &c. the right reverend father in God Matthew 
 lord bishop of Ely ; Thomas Turner, D. D. and dean of Canterbury ; George 
 Johnson, of the Middle Temple, London, esq. ; Henry Carte, of St. Giles- 
 
 in- 
 
 C) In 1805, anew burial ground having 
 been obtained and consecrated, the burial 
 of the poor, as well as of other inhabitants, 
 
 (except in particular cases) was discontinued 
 in the church-yard. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. «27 
 
 in-the-Fields, upholsterer, and John Haywood, master of arts (**), of a 
 messuage or tenement called the White House, with the appurtenances, in the 
 parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, &c. to the use and benefit of and for a 
 dwelling-house of the parson of the said church of St. Giles, and his successors, 
 as by the said lease appeareth." And the will goes on to request " her heirs 
 from time to time to make such lease, or any other conveyance of the inherit- 
 ance of the said house, with the appurtenances, as at any time thereafter 
 should be devised, advised or required, by the parson of the said church of 
 St. Giles for the time being, for the use and benefit of the parson of the said 
 church and his successors, for ever ; and to such intents and purposes as are 
 explained and declared in and by the said lease." And her intent and meaning 
 is declared to be, " that the said house should be and remain as a dwelling- 
 house for the parson of the said church of St. Giles, and his successors for 
 ever, as a free gift from her." 
 
 The pardon of alienation above-mentioned, is enumerated among the church Pardon of 
 goods in 1690, by the description of " a pardon of alienation under the great ^^i^n^^o"- 
 seal of England, to the duchess Dudley, of a house commonly called the 
 White House, near St. Giles's church, 1 Junij, anno 22° Car. primo" (*' ). 
 
 The White House must, soon after this mention of it, have been taken 
 down ; for on the l6th March, 1722, a committee was appointed by the 
 vestry to treat with Dr. Baker, the rector, for the purchase of Dudley-court 
 (which was built on the ground it had before occupied) for a workhouse. 
 It was, there is little doubt, as well as Dudley House which adjoined it, once 
 part of the antient hospital. The rector of St. Giles's for the time being is 
 still entitled to receive the rents, &c. of Dudley-court, where this residence 
 stood. 
 
 Buildings for Confinement, Punishment, ^c. 
 
 This parish seems to have been amply provided in former times with places Places for 
 for the correction and punishment of vice, even from its first to its ulterior antiently*iii 
 stages. Some of these do not strictly come under the denomination of P^"^!"- 
 " buildings," but will be best noticed here. They consisted of the pound 
 and cage, round-house, watch-house, stocks, whipping-post and gallows. The 
 ducking-stool (which we find no where mentioned) would have made the hst 
 complete. 
 
 Pound 
 
 (*°) The lease above referred to was been unnecessary upon granting the lease 
 probably granted between 1643 and 1646. above-mentioned. 
 
 (*') Pardon of alienation would have 
 
 C G ^ 
 
228 • ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Pound and PouND AND Cage. — These originally adjoined each other, and stood in the 
 
 '^^^' middle of the High-street, from whence they were removed in the year 1656, 
 
 to make way for the almshouses which were afterwards built there. The 
 pound, it is probable, existed from a very early period, as a necessary appen- 
 dage to the parish, while a village and abounding in pasture lands, though it is 
 unnoticed in the parish books, till lord Southampton's grant of the ground on 
 "which it stood for the almshouses, where it is described as occupying a space 
 of 30 feet square, which was to be the dimensions of the nexv pound therein 
 directed to be removed to the end of Tottenham-court-road (*'■). 
 
 The cage appears to have been used as a prison, not merely of a temporary 
 Jcind, and to judge from the following entries in the churchwarden's accounts, 
 with no great lenity : 
 
 Persons anti- 1641. P*". to a poor woman that was brought to bed in the cage Qs. Od. 
 
 fined in'cage. — For a shroud for a poor woman that dyed in the cage - 2*. 6</. . 
 1648, (July 9.) To Ann Wyatt in the cage, to relieve her and| ^ ^ , 
 buy her a truss of straw j " * 
 
 — (July 12.) Paid for a shroud for Ann Wyatt - - 2*. 6d. 
 
 The death of this latter unfortunate creature three days after the relief 
 stated to have been afforded her, leaves too much reason to fear that she died 
 .of want. The cause of the former's death is, to say the best of it, doubtful. 
 
 The exact site of the pound was the broad space where St. Giles High- 
 street, Tottenham-court-road, and Oxford-street meet, where it stood till 
 within memory. A spot, the vicinity of which was so notorious for the low- 
 ness and profligacy of its inhabitants, as to have been formerly proverbial ; 
 AS is evidenced by a couplet of an old song, written in the true style of that 
 
 region — 
 
 " At Newgate steps Jack Chance was found, 
 
 And bipd up near St. Giles's Pound." 
 
 It was finally removed about the year 1765, since which gi'eat improvement 
 
 has been made in the neighbourhood, particularly by the erection of the great 
 
 brewery 
 
 (**) The charge of removing and re-erect- paid his bill for paving work done at the 
 
 jng the pound and cage, including some re- pound." The spot appears previously to that 
 
 pairs done to the almshouses on this occasion, period to have been un paved. Ten years 
 
 amounted to £.11 8. i6.s. 5(/. as per entry : — later; a second order occurs, "that the 
 
 '' 1656. Paid for carpenter's work done to roads from the pound be paved, from the 
 
 ihe almshouses, and for the removing of the paving belonging to the corner house, the 
 
 poundandcage, £. 118. 16 s. 5rf." In 1690, Crown^ to the boundary posts," 
 Mr. Tucker was ordered by vestry " to be 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 229 
 
 brewery of Messrs. Meux & Co. There' is notice taken in the parish books 
 of the demolition of the cage, which did not exist as a companion of the pound 
 after the erection of the second watch-house. 
 
 The RouND-HousE. — Whether this building was used as a watch-house or Round house, 
 place of confinement, or both, does not appear. It seems, from the few entries 
 that occur respecting it, to have been situated near the west end of the church 
 against the church-yard ; as in 1686, a gate is ordered " to be made out of 
 the wall of the church-yard, near the round-house." And the same year it is 
 further ordered, " that care be taken to have a wall erected at the west part 
 of the round-house for the security thereof, in regard the old buildings 
 adjoining are taken away." 
 
 It is extremely probable, that the " old buildings" here alluded to were 
 remains of the hospital (for there were no other buildings of any age near the W 
 
 church,) or they might have formerly belonged to Dudley House. The pre- 
 caution recommended as a security however, either seems to have been 
 ineffectual, or it was, for some other reasons, judged more expedient to 
 demolish the round-house altogether, as a vestry minute, dated I69O, advises, 
 " to consider of the disposal of the round-house of this parish." And subse* 
 quently an order occurs, " for Mr. Wiseman to be treated with about the 
 round-house." It was succeeded four years afterwards by the — 
 
 Watch-House— which was built by Mr. Rathbone (from whom Rathbone- Watch- 
 place is named) in 1694, as appears from an order of vestry, made that year, ''"^®' 
 to pay him the sum of £. 8, " due in part for building the watch-house." 
 
 This first watch-house stood in the middle of Holborn, exactly opposite the 
 end of Newton-street, and a little to the west of Southampton-street, leading to 
 Bloomsbury-square. The ground on which it was situated was given to the parish 
 for the purpose by the duke of Bedford. It should seem from the following 
 vestry minute, that it was either rebuilt or enlarged a few years after its 
 erection, viz. " I716 — ordered, that the watch-house in Holborn be viewed, 
 and an estimate made of the expence to make a watch-house, and other 
 conveniences for the keeping of prisoners." 
 
 From the latter part of this entry, " conveniences for the keeping of pri- 
 soners," it may be inferred, as has been just hinted, that the cage was about 
 this period removed from the pound to the watch-house, in which it has usually 
 been customary since to erect it. The present situation of the watch-house 
 •w^th the round-house or cage, is in Smart' s-buildings, near Drury-lane. 
 
 Stocks 
 
230 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Stocks and 
 
 whipping 
 
 post. 
 
 Gallows. 
 
 Executions 
 at. 
 
 Stocks and Whipping-Post. — In'what part of the parish these instruments 
 of punishment stood does not appear, nor do we know the exact period of 
 their being first set up ; only two entries occur concerning them among the 
 existing parish records. The first of these regards the erection of a new 
 whipping-post ; the second, the painting of that and the stocks, and are as 
 follows : — 
 
 1683. Paid the workman's bills for the whipping-post - £.'J. I7. 6. 
 
 0. 
 
 1703. Paid Mr. PoUett for painting the stocks, whipping-*! ^ „ 
 post and shed -.--.-_ 
 
 
 0. 
 
 It is probable, from their having stood under a shed or covering, that the 
 situation of the whipping-post and stocks was somewhere in the broad part of 
 the High-street, perhaps near the almshouses ; or they might have adjoined 
 tlie pound and cage. They were doubtless, as objects of terror, placed in as 
 public a spot as possible ; and most likely (as is still the case in country 
 places) at the entrance of the parish or village either coming to, or going 
 from, London. 
 
 On the gradual improvement of the parish by building, these offensive 
 objects were destroyed or taken away to less conspicuous stations, and 
 consequently no further mention made of them. 
 
 The Gallows. — Some mention has been before made in the account of the 
 hospital, of the place of execution in this parish, and the custom of the 
 St. Giles's bowl. To this it may be added, that from Fox and other antient 
 chroniclers, it appears that the gallows were new made previously to the 
 execution of lord Cobham, in the reign of Henry V. Fox's words are — 
 *' Upon which record and processe it was adjudged that hee (lord Cobham) 
 should be taken as a traitor to the king and the realme ; that he should be 
 carried to the Tower of London, and from thence drawen through London 
 unto the new gallows in St. Giles, without the Temple Barre (bars of the Old 
 Temple) and there be hanged and burned hanging" (*'). 
 . The expression of the " new gallows," used here, does not mean that the 
 place of execution was new, but that there was a new gibbet erected on this 
 occasion ; agreeably to what Bale, a still more antient writer, says in his 
 account of this event : — 
 
 " And upon the daye appoynted was he (sir Johan Oldcastle the lord 
 Cobham) broughte out of the Tower with his armes bounde behynde him, 
 
 havynge 
 (*') Acts and monuments, p. 59U 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 
 
 231 
 
 havynge a verye cheereful countenance. Than was he layd upon an hurdle, 
 as though he had bene a most heynouse traytour to the crowne, and so drawne 
 forth into Saynct Giles's Felde, where as they had set vp a newe payre of 
 gallowes. Then was he hanged up there by the myddle in cheanes of yron, 
 and so consumed alyve in the fyre." 
 
 The last execution that took place here was that of Babington and his 
 accomplices, in the reign of Elizabeth. But this seems to have been on 
 account of the conspirators having met to organize their plot in St. Giles's 
 Fields, and not in consequence of the common place of execution being 
 then here, it having been removed several years before that event to 
 Tyburn : (**). — See more in the next chapter. 
 
 Chapels and Places of Worship (*'). 
 
 Southampton Chapel.— The private chapel attached to Southampton chapel!'"^'"" 
 House is the first additional place of worship to the parish church, of which 
 there is any account. It is mentioned in an entry in the churchwardens book. 
 " 1669 — received of the r. honble the countesse of Southton, money given in 
 her chapel at the holy communion, si. 8." 
 
 The next was more properly a chapel of ease, and is so called. 
 
 Bloomsbury Chapel. — " 1684, Joseph Read's meeting-house in Blooms- Bloomsbury 
 bury, taken as a chapel of ease to the parish ; rent, £. 30 per annum." 
 
 This chapel was occupied upwards of twenty years, when it was by an 
 order of vestry directed to be given up ; viz. " I7O8, the chapel at Bloomsbury 
 to be given up." Queen-street chapel, of which an account follows, was not 
 considered a chapel of ease. 
 
 Queen-street Chapel.- 
 gentry in Lincoln's-inn fields to be enquired of, which of them will take pews 
 in case a new chapel should be erected in the neighbourhood of Lincoln's-inn 
 fields." — •' 1704, subscriptions to be solicited for a new chapel." — " I706, 
 
 ordered 
 
 -Entries from the vestry minutes : " 1692, the ^^^g""^""^^* 
 
 (♦*) " On the removal of the gallows 
 from the elms in Smithfield, about the year 
 J 413, they were erected at the north end of 
 the garden wall belonging to the hospital of 
 St. Giles, where since the pound is situate, 
 between the end of St. Giles's High-street, 
 and Hog-lane, and opposite to the Crown 
 tavern. Here they continued until the 
 place of execution was removed to Tyburn." 
 — Maitland. • 
 
 ( ♦^ ) " Chapels of Ease, called capdla, 
 were built within the precincts of a parish, 
 for the benefit of one or more families, who 
 lived remote from the parish church, and 
 were made subservient to the said mother 
 church. Such a chapel was often granted 
 in the court or mannour house of the pa- 
 tron, as a privilege to himself and family." 
 — Kennet. 
 
chapel. 
 
 «32 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 ordered to advise about the new chapel in Queen-street, and treat about the 
 purchase of the same." 
 
 The treaty here alluded to was afterwards broke off, and the chapel, 
 according to Strype, got into private hands and became a subject of consider- 
 able dispute. His words are, " There is a chapel in Great Queen-street, lately 
 erected by the means of one William Raguley (Baguley) pretending to be a 
 minister of the church of England ; wherein for some time he preached with- 
 out licence or authority, consecrated the holy sacrament, and administered the 
 same. Wherefore in this chapel the bishops of London and Peterborough 
 caused two declarations, December 22, I706, to be read." &c. 
 
 Further particulars of this, and the chapels above, will be found hereafter. 
 Bedford BEDFORD Chapel. — This chapcl is a neat modern structure, which was first 
 
 opened for divine worship in the year 1771> and is situate on the west side of 
 Charlotte-street. It was erected by Mr. Samuel Meeke, bricklayer, on a piece 
 of ground demised for the term of 101 years, from Lady-day, I768, by the 
 late John duke of Bedford ; and is described, together with the site on which 
 it stands, as " all that piece or parcel of ground, with a chapel thereon erected 
 and built, called Bedford Chapel, situate on the west side of a new street 
 called Charlotte-street, &c. containing in front from north to south, on Char- 
 lotte-street, about 65 feet in depth ; on the north side from Charlotte-street to 
 Dyot-street, about 97 feet in depth on the south side along the north side of 
 Phoenix-street to Dyot-street, about 85 feet j and in breadth on the west 
 side, along Dyot-street, about 65 feet 6 inches." The covenants of the lease 
 specify. That the said chapel shall not be put to any use whatsoever other than 
 a chapel to perform Divine service in, according to the rites and ceremonies 
 of the church of England j That no clergyman officiating therein shall pray 
 by any sick person, or marry or christen, or church any woman or women, or 
 do any parochial duty in the said chapel except preaching, reading prayers 
 and psalms in the common prayer-book, and administering the sacrament ; 
 nor shall permit the said chapel, or any part of the said demised ground, to 
 be consecrated. The salary of the clergyman officiating was by the covenants 
 of the same lease fixed at £. 100 per annum ; or if two ministers should 
 perform the duty, the one officiating in the morning was to be allowed £. 60 
 a-year, and the other doing the afternoon's duty, £. 40 a-year. This chapel 
 is well attended by the respectable part of the neighbourhood, and the service 
 performed with much decency and decorum. The reverend Dr. John Trusler 
 was its first clergyman, and a party in the lease above-mentioned. 
 
 Bloomsbury 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. g33 
 
 fetooMSBURY Church. — The church of St. George, Bloomsbury, stands on the Bloomsbuiy 
 north side of Hart-street, and though a separate parish as to Ecclesiastical af. '^^"''<="- 
 fairs, may be reckoned among the auxiliarly places of worship. It is an edifice 
 of a nearly coeval date with the present St. Giles's church, being one of the fifty 
 new churches which were built in pursuance of the act of parliament of queen 
 Anne. It is a substantial building of stone, capacious and handsomely fitted up, 
 but as a piece of architecture is. by no means to be admired. Horace Walpole 
 styles its steeple, " a master-piece of absurdity." The portico, however, is in 
 a better taste. This church is not built east and west according to the antient 
 custom, but stands due north and south ; a circumstance owing probably to 
 the nature of the site upon which it is erected. The ground plot somewhat 
 resembles a cross. It is in all respects inferior to the mother church. 
 
 The formation of the church and parish of St. George, Bloomsbury, con- 
 stituting an important epoch in the history of St. Giles's, will be found further 
 treated of under the head " Bloomsbury Manor." 
 
 Charitable Establishments. 
 
 Almshouses. — " There is an almshouse," says Strype (**), " in St. Giles, Almshouse*. 
 not far from the church, in the middle of the street, which hath this inscrip- 
 tion, ' Saint Giles Almshouse, ann. dom. 16.56.' This ground was granted 
 unto this parrish by the right honourable the earl of Southampton, for the 
 term of .500 years, for the only and sole use of almshouses for aged widows, 
 
 and for no other use ; whereupon there was built these five almshouses, and <f 
 
 enclosed within the bounds of the same ground, which fabrick was erected at 
 y' costs of y' said parrish the year above written." 
 
 These almshouses originally stood near the centre of the main street, facing 
 the entrances to Monmouth-street, King-street, &c. and consisted of five 
 small brick tenements, of two rooms each. They were removed in the year 
 1783, and are at present situated at the bottom of the Coal-yard, being 
 augmented in number as well as considerably increased in revenue. The 
 present buildings have nothing about them remarkable. 
 
 Workhouse and Hospital. — The workhouse of this parish is a building of Workhouse, 
 
 considerable extent, and encloses within its walls all the usual conveniences 
 
 of similar establishments. It consists of a fore, and back front ; the former 
 
 situate in Vinegar-yard, and the latter in Short's-gardens, with a connecting 
 
 pr side wing towards the east, the whole nearly filling up three sides of a 
 
 square j, 
 £■") Survey of London, ed. i7?o 
 
 Hh 
 
S34 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Pest House. 
 
 Charity 
 Schools. 
 
 square ; the area and west side, form the yard. The hospital (so called in 
 the parochial records) is on the north side of Vinegar-yard, and is to be 
 understood of the sick ward, or infirmary here, and not as any portion of the 
 antient hospital of St. Giles. 
 
 Pest House. — A structure denominated the Pest House, was erected in some 
 part of the parish during the great plague of 1665, which was afterwards 
 pulled down, and the materials sold. From the small sum they produced it 
 was probably only a temporary building, and might have been of timber. 
 A similar erection was fitted up during the infection of 1640, 
 
 Charity Schools. — The parish has two of these buildings ; the one situate 
 next to the church, but which formerly stood in Parker's-lane, and thence 
 called Parker's-lane School ; and the other in Museum-street, which is pro- 
 perly the parish school. Further accounts of these, and of the other charitable 
 establishments mentioned above, will be found under the head " Poor." 
 
 Cockpit and 
 Phoenix. 
 
 The Players 
 
 subscription 
 
 in 1623 
 
 towards 
 
 rebuilding 
 
 <hurch. 
 
 Places of Amitsement. 
 
 Cockpit and Phcenix. — The celebrated " Cockpit Theatre " was one of the 
 remarkable antient buildings in this parish, and is frequently mentioned from 
 the year 1623 to I66O. It stood near the middle of Drury-lane, on the site 
 of a small court, lately called " Cockpit-alley." 
 
 The precise date of the erection of this theatre is uncertain ; but it is on 
 record that it was destroyed by the mob in I617 (for what offence we know 
 not,) and all the dresses torn to pieces (♦^ ). It was again built, and in a 
 flourishing state in 1623, as that year the company acting there liberally 
 gave £. 20 towards rebuilding the church, as we have shewn. This sum, 
 (which seems to have been the gift of the performers, J not exempting the 
 theatre itself from being assessed. We subsequently meet with an entry in the 
 assessment book of the sum of ^.8. 14s. 56?. received from the house, but 
 which is there termed the " Ph(enix," viz. " the Phcenix playhouse, 
 viij". xiiij'. v^ rece** by Mr. Speckart ; and this contribution being probably 
 thought too small, the house is immediately afterwards credited (in the hand- 
 writing of Dr. Ma}Tiwaring) for the further sum of £. 10. 7*. in terms which 
 seem to leave no doubt as to the Cockpit and Phoenix being one and the 
 same theatre (♦'), viz. " Rec' more, by Dr. Mayn from y' Cockpitt x". vij'." 
 
 the 
 
 (*') "1617, March 4.— The playhouse 
 lately erected in Drury-laiie, was pulled 
 down by the mob, and all the apparel torn to 
 
 pieces." — Note in Davis's edit, of Downes's 
 Roscius Anglicanus, 
 (*•) The Phanix is mentioned in Ran- 
 dolph's 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 99^ 
 
 the receipt of which sum is afterwards more regularly acknowledged as 
 follows : — 
 
 " Receaved from Mr. Biston, as from y" Cockpitt, for and-, 
 towards y" building of y' church, y' sfii of tenn pounds [ ^^.10. 7 s." 
 
 & seaven shillings J 
 
 So that the company and theatre contributed together on this occasion no less 
 a sum than £. 39. 1 *. 5 d. 
 
 The following are such further historical particulars of this theatre, as we 
 have been able to collect : — 
 
 The Cockpit was one of the six theatres licenced by government in the 
 reign of Charles I, and continued acting, with the others, until suppressed 
 by ordinance of parliament in 1648. It seems, however, before that event, to 
 have been partly disused as a playhouse, and to have been converted into a 
 schoolhouse for the education of the parish children, from the following entry 
 in the churchwardens accounts : — 
 
 " 1646. P*. and given to the teacher at the Cockpitt of the children, 6d." Supposed to 
 
 In 1658, sir William D'Avenant, who had then recently removed from u^eT i!^T647 
 Rutland House, Charter-house square (where he had been permitted to play ^^ * school- 
 operas by the then ruling powers,) opened the Cockpit, theatre with an enter- 
 tainment, entitled " The Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru ;" expressed, as 
 the advertisement sets forth, " by vocal and instrumental musicke, and by 
 art of perspective in scenes ; represented daily at the Cockpit in Drury-lane, 
 16.58." 
 
 The following year, Rhodes, a bookseller and theatrical manager, who had 
 been wardrobe keeper to king Charles I's company of comedians in the Black 
 Friars, got a licence to fit up, for acting, "the house called the Cockpit, in 
 Drury-lane," where he first introduced to public notice his two apprentices, 
 Kynaston and Betterton, afterwards so highly celebrated as actors. Sir William Kynasioii 
 D'Avenant soon afterwards obtained a patent from Charles II, creating '^^^ r)eUer- 
 Rhodes's company the duke of York's servants, and engaged them for his 
 new built playhouse near Clare-market. Killigrew had likewise, in 1663, a 
 second patent for erecting a new theatre " on the site of the Cockpit," then 
 deserted by D'Avenant, " or elsewhere in the neighbourhood, as might be most 
 
 convenient j" 
 dolph's Muses Looking Glasse, 1630, where other licenced theatres, but omits the Cock- 
 one of -the sanctified preachers of the day is pit, which he evidently therefore means 
 made to wish that the " Phanix was burnt under the denomination of the Phcenix. 
 to ashes." He puns also on all the five 
 
 HH 2 
 
236 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Entries as to 
 Cockpit, &c. 
 
 Daily pay- 
 ment for 
 playins at 
 Cockpit. 
 
 convenient ;" who chose the spot where the present Drury-lane theatre stands, 
 where he erected the first playhouse on that site, which soon became con- 
 spicuous for the superior excellence of its company, and which first brought 
 before the public, as a performer, the well-known Nell Gwyn, At what 
 period after this removal, the Cockpit was demolished, does not appear ; it 
 was, however, probably pulled down on the building of Weld-street, which 
 happened near the time, when its site was converted into the passage called 
 Cockpit-alley. 
 
 The following are other entries which occur in the parish books, relative to 
 the Cockpit theatre : — 
 
 " 1650. P'. Edw"* Greene for keeping of a childe found oni 
 the backside of the Cockpitt, from the first of Janry to ourel s£.l — 6" 
 Lady-day, 1651 J 
 
 This back part of the Cockpit was then a common field or close. The next 
 entry concerns the payment of fines, exacted after the shutting up of the 
 playhouses, from persons acting, or being found as spectators there : — 
 
 " 1659. Rec'' of Isack Smith, which he received at the"] 
 Cockpitt playe-house, of sev'all offenders, by order of the[ ^.3 8 6" 
 justices - ___.J 
 
 " Paid and spent about seeking money of Mr. Wadlowe, for"! ^^ 
 
 the parish, in relation to the Cockpitt playhouse - - -J 
 
 The last notices respecting the Cockpit, in the parish books, acquaint us 
 with the curious fact of this theatre being subject to the payment of a fine of 
 two-pence a day to the parish poor, for each day there was acting there. 
 
 " 1660. Rec' from Mr. Roades, off the Cockpitt play ehouse," 
 for playing, att the rate of 2 c?. a day for every day the' play'd> 
 till the 28th of July I66O, and from that time it was pd" — 
 (illegible) 
 
 " Paid in expences in receiving Westminster and Cockpit") 
 money - - -- - J 
 
 Of the form of the Cockpit theatre we have met with no memorial ; but 
 there is every reason to suppose that it resembled the Globe and other play- 
 houses of that period, of which there are various representations. Its enter- 
 tainments are described, about the year 1642, as being of an inferior kind, and 
 its audiences of a lower degree than some of the other theatres, its rivals. 
 
 £A 6 — ' 
 
 — 1 3' 
 
 Inns 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 23? 
 
 : Inns, and Homes of Entertainment. 
 
 ■ Croche Hose. — One of the earliest inns in the parish bore this sign, and is CrocheHose. 
 mentioned in the hospital grants, " Ann R. Edw' viginti 1""°," by the descrip- 
 tion of " a messuage and appurtenances in the parish of the said hospital, 
 called Le Croche Hose." The spot where this inn stood is not particularized 
 in the grant, but from information elsewhere obtained, it appears to have 
 been situate near the north-east corner of the Marshland, or opposite the 
 present entrance to Monmouth-street. This house belonged at the time above 
 specified to Herbert de Redemere, the hospital cook, who gave it to that 
 establishment. The time of its continuing an inn is no where hinted at in 
 any of the parish records, but it had probably been destroyed, or ceased 
 to be known as such before the reign of Henry VIII, as no mention of it is 
 made in the exchange with Radcliff, although the Vine, Rose, and other inns 
 in the parish are specially named ; and in the old plans of Elizabeth's time, 
 no dwelling whatever is to be seen on this site (*" ). 
 
 Swan on the Hop. — This was another house of entertainment of very Swan on le 
 antient standing, but of which we know nothing more than the name and °^' 
 situation. In a demise of the master and brothers to John de Pol ton and wife 
 (34 Edw. Ill,) this inn is described as " Le Swan on le Hop," then in the 
 tenure of William le Garboner, and is said to stand south on land of the said 
 hospital, and north on the king's highway (Holborn,) and must from that, and 
 subsequent mention, have been situate somewhat eastward fromDrury-lane end, 
 and on the south side of Holborn, but its exact site is only to be guessed at. 
 Like the Croche Hose, this inn, it is probable, was either destroyed, or had 
 changed its name prior to the reign of Henry VIII, as it is not noticed in 
 the deeds of that date. 
 
 White Hart. — In the exchange with Henry VIII, this inn is described White Hait. 
 as " one messuage called the Whyte Hart, with eighteen acres of pasture to 
 the same messuage belonging." It stood on the north-east corner of 
 Aldewych, or Holborn end of Drury-lane ; and was occupied as an inn or 
 public-house, until the commencement of the last century, being mentioned 
 in the New View of London (I7O8,) and in the plan of St. Giles's parish in 
 Strype's Stowe (1720,) under the name of the " White Hart Inn." 
 
 In the plan of St. Giles's, after Aggas (1560,) the site of the White Hart 
 
 is 
 
 (*') The Croche Hose, or Crossed Stock- and exhibits a red and asAiVe stocking crossed 
 ings, is still retained as a sign by the hosiers, in the manner of a St. Andrew's cross. 
 
 J 
 
iSS 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH 
 
 Rose inn. 
 
 is marked by a cluster of buildings standing at the corner of Holborn and 
 Drury-lane, surrounded on three sides by a wall. Attached to them is pasture 
 land, which might be the eighteen acres described ; being bounded on the 
 west by Drury-lane, on the east by the way now called Little Queen-street, 
 and on the north by Holborn ; from which last it appears fenced by an 
 embankment. The court called White Hart-yard, where the White Hart inn 
 stood, has been but recently demolished ('"). 
 
 The Rose. — This, and the messuage next mentioned, the Vine, were 
 other inns or houses of entertainment, enumerated amongst the hospital pos- 
 sessions in the exchange with Henry VIII, and are described to have then 
 stood in the "village of St. Gyles." The Rose is granted, but without name, 
 
 in 
 
 ('") By the act 47 Geo. Ill, c. 38, after 
 olledging that there were within tlie limits 
 White Hart of that act (viz. wltliin the pa- 
 Yard. rishes of St. Giles and St. George 
 
 Bloomsbury,) certain courts, alleys, and 
 places, which, without inconvenience to the 
 public, " might be disused and stopped 
 up ; and which from their private and con- 
 fined situation, and by being harbours or re- 
 ceptacles for filth and rubbish, were noisome 
 and offensive ;" two justices in special ses- 
 sions (with the consent of the joint vestries 
 of those parishes, and of the owners and 
 occupiers of the tenements adjoining to 
 four parts in five in length of such courts, 
 &c.) are authorized by order under their 
 hands, to discontinue and stop up all such 
 courts, &c. 
 
 At the time of passing the above act, the 
 west end of Holborn, and north end of 
 Drury-lane, were very narrow and inconve- 
 nient, and White Hart inn or yard, had 
 long been converted into a public thorough- 
 fare, running parallel with Holborn, and 
 was crowded with small tenements occupied 
 in general by very poor people. The site of 
 the inn, and the front of the south side of 
 Holborn, down to the second house west 
 of Smart's buildings, belonged to the Crown, 
 whose leases were then just expiring. 
 
 On the 3tst of December, 1807, in con- 
 icquence of a previous understanding be- 
 
 tween the joint vestry and the Crown, an 
 application was made to the vestiy by 
 Messrs. William and Edward Cleaver, al- 
 ledging that they had agreed to take for a 
 long term of years, the whole of the houses 
 and buildings in While Hart yard, and on 
 the south side of Holborn, from the corner 
 of Drury-lane to the house occupied by 
 George Coffee, (two houses west from 
 Smart's buildings,) with the view of giving 
 up to the public part of the ground whereon 
 the same stood, so as to widen the west end 
 of Holborn 15 feet, and to run off at a 
 point at Coffee's house ; and so as to widen 
 the north end of Drury-lane seven feet, 
 upon condition of the vestry's giving its 
 consent, and procuring the thoroughfare of 
 White Hart yard to be stopped up and dis- 
 continued, and upon being permitted to 
 build upon the site thereof. 
 
 To this proposal the vestry readily agreed • 
 the consent of the Crown, and other parties 
 interested, was also obtained, and the tho- 
 roughfare was stopped up accordingly, and 
 the site covered with large and commodious 
 houses, which are set back according to 
 Messrs. Cleaver's proposal. Thus, was ac- 
 complished without expence, one of the 
 greatest improvements in the public ac- 
 commodation, and in the respectability of 
 the neighbourhood, that has taken place in 
 these parishes for the last century. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 239 
 
 in a deed of the time of Edward III, by the description of " a certain tene- 
 ment situate in poch sci Egidij ;" but is identified by a note, in a later hand, 
 in the margin of the book of grants, as follows : — " Cart. Thomfe Brapton de 
 ten' vocat le Rose, xiij'. iiij''." Neither of these documents mention its situation ; 
 but this we learn by a deed of bargain and sale, dated I667, wherein Edward 
 Tooke conveys to Luke Miller, " all those two tenements, with the yards, 
 gardens, or backsides thereto belonging, situate in Lewknor's-lane in the 
 parish of St. Giles, which said two tenements doe abutt on the tenement for- 
 merly known by the sign of the Rose, late in the tenure of Walter Gibbons." 
 
 From this description, we may fix the situation of the Rose Inn on the 
 south side of Holborn, not far eastward from the White Hart. It is only 
 once mentioned afterwards, in a lease. from the same Luke Miller in I675. 
 It had some pasture land adjoining, which with the site of the house itself, is ' 
 now covered with dwellings. 
 
 The Vine. — The Vine was, till September 1816, a house of public accom- The Vine, 
 modation. It stood on the north side of Holborn, a little below the end of 
 Kingsgate-street. It is only described as " a messuage or tenement called 
 the Vyne ;" and was originally a complete road-side house, having nothing at 
 its back but fields and country. In some of the entries in the parish books it is 
 called " the Kingsgate Tavern," from the circumstance, probably, of its standing 
 near the king's gate, or turnpike, at the entrance of the adjoining road. In 
 I8I7 this house was taken down, and two others were erected on its site. 
 
 ToTEN, or ToTTEN Hall. — Tottcu Hall, or as it is sometimes written, Tottenhall. 
 " Totnam Hall," and from which Tottenham-court-road took its name, — was 
 once, in all probability (as noticed under the head " Boundaries") antiently 
 included in this parish, as well as a considerable part of the prebend of 
 Totten Hall. 
 
 It is mentioned, or at least its then supposed owner, William de Tottenhall, 
 as early as the reign of Henry III, at which time it seems to have been a 
 mansion of eminence, probably the court-house of the manor of the same 
 name. Its appropriation as an inn, or house of entertainment, took place 
 many ages later, it not being noticed in that character in the parish books till 
 164.5, when the following entry of a fine for drinking there, occurs : — 
 
 " 1645. Rec' of Mr. Bringhurst, constable, wh''' he had of Mrs.T 
 Stacye's maid and others, for drinking at Tottenhall court on the > — 3 — " 
 Sabbath dale, xij*" a piece ------..J 
 
 At 
 
'240 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Maidenhead. 
 
 An inn of 
 great respect- 
 ability, temp. 
 Car. II. 
 
 Infamous of 
 late years for 
 the resort of 
 beggars, &c. 
 
 Turnstile 
 Tavern. 
 
 At this period, and from thence to the Restoration, if a judgment may be 
 formed from entries of similar fines, it was a place of much resort on Sundays 
 for drinking, but we do not find any other particulars of it. 
 
 Part of this antient mansion is still occupied as a public-house, called 
 " The Adam and Eve." 
 
 The Maidenhead Inn. — An inn of this name existed on the same spot 
 (Dyot-street) at least as early as the reign of Elizabeth, when it formed part of 
 the estate of lord Mountjoy, as will be seen in the account of St. Giles's manor. 
 It is described in a deed of that time as " one large tenement called the Maiden- 
 head, sithence divided into two tenements ;" and if not then, was afterwards 
 for many years, the house at which most of the parish meetings were held. 
 
 It seems most to have flourished in the reign of Charles II, when the parish 
 books frequently notice those meetings. At the commencement of the last 
 century, it had become distinguished, as we are informed, in a contemporary 
 publication, " as a house of great resort for mealmen, and countrymen." 
 At what period afterwards, it lost its respectability, does not appear ; but it has 
 for considerably more than half a century been well known as a public-house 
 and liquor-shop of the very lowest description, and the haunt of beggars, and 
 desperate characters. The Maidenhead, though now in a rapid state of 
 decay, bears evident marks of having been once a large handsome building, and 
 country carts, &c. still continue to put up in the yard and stables at the back 
 part of it, and remind one, notwithstanding the revolting filth and wretchedness 
 of the place, of its better days. We have given two views of this house, in 
 the annexed plate, as likewise one of the antient part of Tottenhall, subjects 
 which time may hereafter render curious. 
 
 Turnstile Tavern. — This was a tavern of considerable celebrity for many 
 years, but as well as the others which follow, was not of equal antiquity 
 with those we have described. It was situate at the corner of the turnstile 
 or footpath leading into Lincoln's-inn fields, and thence called Turnstile 
 Tavern, 
 
 Anthony Bayley, a parishioner, by will dated 1640, gave an annuity of 
 £. 4 to the poor of St. Giles's, issuing from this and an adjoining house, 
 therein described as " his messuages or tenements situate at or near Turnstile 
 in Holbom," which was to be paid to the churchwardens at Christmas and 
 Midsummer, and which annuity is now appropriated towards the better 
 
 support 
 ('°) New View, 1708. 
 
ClSac^JzAeW'o/'i^^ JPuu€i/&rtAeuc/^ 
 
 
 ^c^te/nAa^t 9. 
 
• / • J ». •*: .•■•••• . . 
 
 ' J » • ■> ,* J •• , • • , • • • • . 
 
 # 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. Ui 
 
 support of the almswomen. The premises (which are the same called Turnstile 
 Tavern,) are now occupied by Mr. Smith, linen draper. 
 
 It seems, by the following entry, to have ceased being a tavern before 
 1693 :— 
 
 " Received at the house Jbrmerli/ the Turnstile tavern, in"i ^ „ „ g,„ 
 clear rent, taxes allowed J 
 
 The Cock and Pye. — The Cock and Pie public-house stood, according to Cock and 
 tradition, at the south-west corner of the Marshland, now the junction of ^^' 
 Little St. Andrew-street, West-street, and Castle-street ; and afterwards gave 
 the name of Cock-and-Pie Fields to the spot since called the Seven Dials. 
 
 The original sign of this house seems to have been the Cock only, to which, 
 we may suppose, was afterwards added the Pye, or Magpie. It is noticed in 
 the survey made during the Interregnum, before mentioned in the account of 
 Elm Close, &c. as, " all that tenement called by the name of the Cocke, being 
 the north-west corner house of the west range of buildings, in the occupation 
 of Peter How, worth per annum 61." 
 
 On the erection of the Seven Dials, the house being deprived of its former 
 rural attractions, appears to have sunk into obscurity, as no mention of it 
 afterwards occurs. Its site is now occupied by the Two Angels and Crown, 
 a respectable modern public-house. — See further under the head of Cock-and- 
 Pie Fields. 
 
 The Crown.— There were two taverns or public-houses of this sign for- The Crowu. 
 merly in the parish ; — one at the corner of Hog-lane, facing the Pound ; and 
 the other situate in Greyhound-court, nearly on the site of the present work- 
 house. The first appears to have been originally called the Crooked Billet, or 
 to have adjoined a house so called, judging from situation, as expressed in the 
 following entry :^ 
 
 " 1662. Paid for the ditch at the Town's-end, by the Crooked Billet." 
 
 This was the ditch at the north-west corner of the Marshland, afterwards 
 called Cock-and-Pye Ditch, which then probably extended along part of 
 Hog-lane. 
 
 In 1700, it is ordered by vestry, " That the roads by the Pound be paved^ 
 from the paving belonging to the corner-house, the Crown, to the boundary- 
 posts." The Crown public-house still exists on this spot. 
 
 The second Crown public-house is described in the demise of ground and 
 premises for building a new wing to the workhouse (I707,) as, " all that 
 
 I i messuage 
 
242 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 messuage or tenement, with the appurtenances, &c. then or theretofore com- 
 monly called or known by the name or sign of the Crown; fronting 
 northwards upon the street called the Old Town, and southwards upon Grey- 
 hound-court, and then or then late being in the tenure of Robert Dards (*^) 
 (formerly of Thomas Mason,) to whom it was demised by Dudley Short, esq. 
 
 This house, with a number of adjacent buildings, was purchased and demo- 
 lished to make additions to the workhouse. It gave name to Crown-court, 
 which formerly stood on this spot ( " ). 
 
 The Bowl. The Bowl. — The name of this public-house is still commemorated by Bowl- 
 
 yard, on the site of which it stood. It is described in a deed dated 1654, as, 
 " a messuage or tenement, with the appurtenances, called the signe of the 
 Bowie, late in the tenure holding or occupation of John Merritt. 
 
 ^ It appears to have given place to other buildings soon afterwards, as in 
 
 another deed relating to the same premises, dated I66I, mention is made of 
 Bowl-yard only, and none of the Bowl public-house itself. The spot on 
 which it stood was, in 1623, called Canter's-alley. 
 
 ^^^'^^.L^™'^ Black Lamb, and Black Jack. — The Black Lamb was a public-house situate 
 
 and Black ^ 
 
 Jack. near the Bowl, and part of the same estate. It is described in the above- 
 
 quoted deed (1654,) as, "a messuage known by the signe of the Black Lamb, 
 late in the occupation of Thomas Gunston ; " and is afterwards similarly 
 noticed in a subsequent deed, dated I68O, as " all that messuage containing 
 nine roomes, a yard or backside, and an house of office," called as before, and 
 then occupied by Judith Gunston, widow, " situate on the south side of 
 the old town of St. Giles's in the Fields, leading towards the church ;" and 
 was leased to the said Judith Gunston for forty-one years, from I672, at 8 L 
 per annum. 
 
 The Black Jack was a third public-house a little way from the former, and 
 is described, in the same deeds, to have stood opposite a messuage called 
 " the Alley-gate," meaning the gate leading to Sharper's-alley. 
 
 Black 
 
 ('*) Mealman, whose token, see in the anditssite, with many deductions therefrom, 
 
 plate of coins, as also an account of. is now added to the workhouse. The latter 
 
 (") The passage leading from Broad- is called Vinegar-yard, from having been 
 
 street into Short's gardens, was in 1720 the vinegar manufactory of Richard Gre- 
 
 called Crown-alley ; and that leading from gory, from whom part of the ground for the 
 
 it to Bowl-yard, Crown-court. The former workhouse was purchased, a name which it 
 
 was in 1808 discontinued as a thoroughfare, still retains. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 243 
 
 Black Beau. — This was a house of considerable antiquity, and is several Black Bear, 
 times noticed in entries in the parish books. It stood in Black Bear-yard, to 
 which it probably gave name. The latter is one of the places assessed in 
 1623, when it is said to have contained twenty-nine householders. 
 
 In 1629, the churchwardens were ordered by vestry " to repair to the 
 landlord of the Black Bear, in Black Bear-yard, and to deal with him con- 
 cerning the opening and cleansing of a 'voell in the street at the Black Bear- 
 yard, according to an order from the Privy Council." 
 
 It does not appear at what time this house ceased to be a public-house, but . 
 it was probably towards the end of Charles the Second's reign, as its name no 
 where occurs in entries of a subsequent date. 
 
 Of the following houses of public resort, scarcely any thing more is men- 
 tioned than the name. A slight notice of them shall close this article. 
 
 Horseshoe. — This is simply named, in the assessment of 1623, as standing Horseshoe. 
 on the north side of the town, or somewhere in Bloomsbury. The situation 
 of the next is not described. 
 
 Fortune Tavern. — This is mentioned among the houses fined for suffering Fortune 
 tipling on Sundays, in the following entry :— Tavern. 
 
 " 1655. ReC of two men, for drinking at Mr. Walter Leigh's, at the 
 Fortune Tavern, 10s. — And received of Mr. Leigh, for that 
 offence, 5 s." 
 
 Hampshire Hog. — This stood where Hampshire Hog-yard is, opposite Hampshire 
 St. Giles's church, A sum of 3/. a-year, issuing from the ground-rent of this ^°^' 
 house, was, in I677, given to the poor by Mr. William Wooden, a vestryman 
 of the time, of which an account will be found under the head " Donations." 
 
 Maid in the Moon. — A public-house, with this singular sign, stood near Maid in the 
 Prince's-street, Drury-lane, in I7O8 j but nothing more is mentioned of it than ^^°*'"- 
 the name and situation. 
 
 Mansions of Nobility and Gentry. 
 
 Dudley House. — Dudley Houses tood to the west of St. Giles's church, and Dudlet 
 was for many years the residence of the duchess Dudley, who was buried from ^°'^'*^- 
 it in the year 1669, after having lived there with great splendor and hospitality 
 more than half a century. It originally (See Chap. 1 .) fonned part of the hospital 
 buildings, and was converted into a mansion by Dudley lord Lisle, on thq 
 
 112 gcant 
 
^ ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 grant made to him at the Dissolution, and from whom it probably received 
 the name of" Dudley House. Lord Lisle appears to have resided there only 
 till the year 1539, when he conveyed it, with the rest of the hospital site, to 
 Wymond Carew, esquire. In the licence to convey, it is described as, " all 
 that his (lord Lisle's) mansion place or capital house, late the house of the dis- 
 solved hospital of St. Giles in the Fields ; with the houses, edifices, gardens, 
 stables and orchards, pertaining to the said capital place or house of the 
 said hospital." 
 
 Whether it was pulled down on the death of duchess Dudley, does not appear, 
 but it should rather seem not, ('* ) as the lords Wharton had a residence 
 on the spot for many years afterwards. This, in a plan of the parish in 
 1720, is called " the lord Wharton's," and appears, with its grounds, to have 
 occupied a space nearly resembling a triangle, the three sides of which were 
 formed by Denmark-street, Hog-lane, and Lloyd's-court. As it stood on the 
 precise site of Dudley House, it is not improbable but that Wharton House 
 might have been that building, though perhaps altered or modernized ( " ). 
 SouTHAMP- Southampton House, &c. — Southampton House was originally the 
 TON ousE, jjj^j^Qj. house of Bloomsbury, and stood on the site of the present Bedford- 
 place, on the north side of Bloomsbury-square. It received its name from its 
 founder, the earl of Southampton, lord of the manor in the reign of 
 Henry VIII, and retained it until the marriage of the daughter and heiress 
 of the last lord Southampton, (who died lord treasurer to Charles II,) with 
 William lord Russell, by which means being conveyed unto the Bedford family, 
 it came afterwards to be called Bedford House. 
 
 William Blemmund, the ancient lord of Blemundesbury, had, in the reigns 
 of Henry III, and Edward I, his manorial residence nearly on this site, which 
 
 is 
 
 ('*) The spot where it stood is, in the standing of coaches, &c." which might oc- 
 assessment of 1623, called " Midle Rowe," casion a curtailment of the buildings or 
 and in the entries of contributions, besides grounds of Dudley House, 
 the duchess (then lady Dudley,) is enu- (") The title deeds for laying out and 
 merated her daughter, lady Frances Dud- building Denmark-street in 1687, describe 
 ley, and twelve domestics, which was pro- its south side to abut on the " lord Whar- 
 bably not all her household, as those ton's gardens." And an order of vestry is 
 who subscribed are only named. On the existing, of a subsequent date, allowing his 
 duchess's death, her door into the church- lordship to board up one of the belfry win- 
 yard was ordered to be stopped up ; and dows, that he might not be annoyed by the 
 the way by her house, in i686, was directed ringing of the bells. 
 " to be enlarged for the more convenient • 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. «45 
 
 is described in the hospital grant, as, " the capital messuage of William 
 Blemund." — It was then separated from Holborn by the ditch called in later 
 times Bloomsbury Ditch, but then Blemund's Diche. 
 
 At the north end of Southampton House garden, there was remaining, 
 when Maitland wrote, one of the Parliament's forts, consisting of two batteries 
 and a breast-work, which is engraved in the plan of London, as fortified by 
 Parliament, in his History of London. 
 
 Warwick House. — This noble mansion stood in Holborn, without the Warwick 
 bounds of this parish, on the site of the present Warwick-court, and was the 
 town residence of the Warwick family. The only memorial we know 
 of it as a building, is in the scarce plan of London and Westminster by Porter 
 (temp. Car. I,) which represents it as enclosing a <;ourt-yard, or square, and 
 seemingly of considerable magnitude. An account of the lords Warwick, and 
 of their connection with this parish, will be found in the biographical part of 
 this work, and under the head of " St. Giles's Manor." 
 
 Drury House. — This seat has been mentioned in the account of Drury-lane, Drurt 
 and, strictly speaking, has no right to a place here, having been as there noticed, 
 out of the parish ; but we insert a passing notice of it, merely to accompany 
 the annexed view. The authority from which it is taken will be seen in the 
 plate, as well as of the other houses which accompany it, and which have 
 just been described. 
 
 Montagu House. — Mr. Evelyn, in his Diary (1683,) thus describes the Montague 
 original state of this magnificent residence: — ouse. 
 
 " I went to see Montague House, a palace lately built by that gentleman, 
 who had married the most beautiful countess of Northumberland. Within 
 it is a stately and ample palace. Sig' Verrio's fresco paintings, especially the 
 Funeral Pile of Dido, on the staircase ; the Labours of Hercules ; Fight with 
 the Centaurs ; Effeminacy with Dejanira, and Apotheosis, or Reception 
 amongst the Gods, on the walls and roof of the grand room above, I think 
 exceed any thing he has yet done ; both for design, colouring, and exube- 
 rance of invention, comparable with the greatest of the old masters, or what 
 they so celebrate at Rome. In the rest of the chambers are some excellent 
 paintings of Holbein, and other masters. The garden is large, and in good 
 air, biit the fronts of the house not answerable to the inside. The court at 
 entry and wings for offices, seem too near the street ; and that so very narrow 
 and meanly built, that the corridore is not in proportion to the rest, to hide 
 
 the 
 
24G 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Burnt 1686. 
 
 Re-edified. 
 
 Thanet 
 House. 
 
 the court from being overlooked by neighbours ; all which might have been 
 prevented, had they placed the house further into the ground, of which there 
 was enough to spare. But, on the whole, it is a fine palace. It is built 
 after the French pavilion way, by Mr. Hook, the curator of the Royal 
 Society." 
 
 The same author, in another part of his Diaiy, thus relates the unfortunate 
 catastrophe of this fine building, in these words: — 
 
 ♦' 19 Jan. 1686. — This night, was burnt to the ground my lord Montague's 
 palace in Bloomsbury, than which, for painting and furniture, there was 
 nothing more glorious in England. This happened "by the negligence of 
 a servant, airing, as they call it, some of the goods by the fire, in a moist 
 season. Indeed, so wet and mild a season had scarce been seen iij man's 
 memory." 
 
 The present Montague House (well known as the British Museum,) was built, 
 like the former, on the French plan, and by the same nobleman, (then duke 
 of Montague, who had been ambassador in France.) Of a building so well 
 known, a description would be needless. There is much of magnificence within, 
 particularly in the grand staircase, which has been generally admired; and 
 many of the rooms are truly noble apartments. Itis extremely well adapted, with 
 the recent additions which have been made to it, to its present use. The gar- 
 dens have been greatly altered from what they are represented in Kip's Views. 
 
 The second duke and duchess of Montague lived in one of the wings only 
 of Montague House, till their house at Whitehall was finished ( '* ). 
 
 • Thanet House. — This house was contemporary with the one just 
 described, and was, in the seventeenth century, the town residence of the 
 Thanet family, who will be found noticed in the biographical part of this 
 work. It is a large brick building, in the taste of that age, and is now divided 
 into two houses; part of it was inhabited, until his decease, by the late 
 alderman Combe. It stands on the north side of Great Russell-street. 
 
 Brownlow 
 
 '( '• ) The second wife of the founder (the 
 first duke of Montague,) says Mr. Pennant, 
 Mad duchess of " was the mad duchess of Albe- 
 Aibemarie. marie, widow to Christopher, 
 second duke of that title. She married her 
 second husband, as emperor of China; which 
 gave occasion to a scene in the play of Cib- 
 
 ber's ' Sick Lady Cured.' — She was kept in 
 the ground apartment during his grace's 
 life, and was served on the knee to the day 
 of her death, which Ijappened in 1734, at 
 Newcastle House, Clerkenweli, at the age 
 of 96." 
 
1 
 
 i 
 
 HI 111!'^'^^ 
 ■ ■-#■■ 
 
 ^..M/r^a^Ov7tmm4on^e^Xew^)iy^n.£r7^^ .^Jy^t cn^occ<y^^. 30^u^>^ jf/'e^a 
 
 a 
 
 
 S:EJiL£.iikni_^ 
 
 
 ^Aa^n^e^t <^/7^ote<:i^. O^ye/x/: .^y^.^^^^^^ cS^^^tsr^S? 
 
 {r.Jcfuuf Litha/. 
 
• • •• • • •« 
 
House. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 247 
 
 Brownlow House. — This house has been noticed in the account of Brownlow 
 Brownlow-street, and Gardens : we merely mention it again in this place, °^^^' 
 from having given a view of its remains among the buildings in the accom. 
 panying plate. The part, now Brownlow-street Hospital, seems to have been 
 only the centre of a larger edifice, which, no doubt, had wings, if not 
 offices, attached ; express mention being made in the parish books (and from 
 which we have given extracts) of parts of it being pulled down, to make way 
 for improvements when the site was built on. 
 
 Dyot House. — Like the above, Dyot House has been already noticed in the Dyot 
 account of the street wherein it stands. It is doubtful, whether the antiquity of 
 this residence is as remote as the time of Richard Dyot ; but it certainly was 
 inhabited for many years by his son, the late Philip Dyot, esq. This house 
 ("see plate J is only a moderate sized building, and possesses no curiosity but 
 "what it derives from its former owners. It is at present converted into 
 a chandler's shop, and is environed by dwellings and neighbours of a very 
 different character to what we may suppose it was when first built. 
 
 Weld House. — This house stood on the east side, about the middle of the Weld 
 present Weld-street, or Wild-street, to which it gave name ; and was so called 
 from its owner, Humphrey Weld, esq. before mentioned, a parishioner, and 
 ancestor of the Welds of Lulworth Castle, Dorsetshire. It was built in the 
 early part of the reign of Charles I, on the spot then called Oldwick Close, by 
 sir Edward Stradling, and was sold to Mr. Weld, in 1651 C^). 
 
 It is described in deeds of a coeval date with its erection, as " a fair large 
 mansion-house, with stables and outhouses.*' And in the year 1639, in a deed 
 of conveyance then made, as, " a capital mansion-house, with barns, stables, 
 coach-houses, and other buildings ;" and must, from the hints afforded in the 
 extracts from legal documents, which we are about to quote ( " ), have been 
 
 a building 
 
 ( " ) See an account of this mansion, and House, and part of its grounds, were first 
 
 as to the early state of the site on which it sold by sir Edward Stradling to one George 
 
 stood, under the head " Oldwick Close." — Gage, in 1632 ; who the following year dis- 
 
 The Weld family appear to have been in- posed of the same to lady Alice Dudley for 
 
 habitants of the parish previously to Hum- 1,050/. subject to redemption on payment 
 
 phrey Weld's purchase, and to have dwelt to her of a life-annuity of 150/. The re- 
 
 hereabouts ; as Mr. Edward fVeld is men- mainder of the land, not before sold to 
 
 tioned in the assessment of 1623, and then Gage, was leased by sir Edward Stradling 
 
 j-esided in Drury-lane. to Dr. Gifford in 1638, at a pepper-coni 
 
 (") Stradling House, afterwards Weld rent. Gage dying that year, devised his 
 
 interest 
 
24S 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Inhabited by 
 
 Portuguese 
 ambas- 
 sador; 
 
 Countess of 
 Exeter, and 
 
 Spanish am- 
 bassador. 
 
 a building of considerable magnitude ; having, besides a centre or body, two 
 wings or projecting ends, sufficiently capacious to become, in after times, 
 separate residences for tenants of the first eminence. 
 
 In 1665, one of these wings was inhabited by the Portuguese ambassador, 
 and the other by a Mr. Pickering, the middle or centre building being formed 
 into a distinct mansion ; and are enumerated as Weld House ; the Ambas- 
 sador's House, and Saunders's House or Wing. The three dweUings are 
 afterwards described as " all that capital mansion called Weld House, situate 
 in Weld-street ; and also all that other messuage, with its stables, coach-houses, 
 and buildings, situate in Weld-street aforesaid, then in the possession of the 
 Portugal ambassador, and of Augustin Carosel, merchant ; and all that 
 other messuage adjoining to Weld House, on the side next Queen-street, and 
 then in the tenure of Edmund Pickering, gentleman. 
 
 In 1673, mention is made of the two wings, by the description of "the wing 
 of the said great house, late in Mary Saunders's possession ; and another house 
 in the possession of the widow Reeve, being the other wing house." 
 
 In 1688, the south wing (which had before been inhabited by the Portuguese 
 ambassador) was occupied by the Spanish ambassador ; the part thereof once 
 belonging to Mary Saunders, and afterwards to Augustin Corosal, being taken 
 in to enlarge it. The north wing was shortly before, the residence of the countess 
 of Exeter. The buildings of Weld House are described at this time as " all 
 that capital messuage called Weld House, lying in or adjoining to Weld- 
 street ; the said messuage, late in the possession of the Portugal ambassador, 
 and then of his excellency Don Pedro Ronquillo, the Spanish ambassador ; 
 
 adjoining 
 
 interest in the part sold to lady Dudley, for 
 payment of his debts ; and it was subse- 
 quently sold to dame Frances Weld, in 
 trust for her son Humphrey Weld, esq. and 
 conveyed to him in 1651. In 1665 Hum- 
 phrey Weld leased the premises, redeem- 
 able to trustees, to secure to his wife (one 
 of the daughters of the lady Ann Arundel!) 
 the repayment of 2,300/f. And in 1669 he 
 mortgaged them for 3,000/. as also in 
 1673, certain parts for 700/. And in 1679, 
 in consideration of a marriage between his 
 daughter Clara and Nicholas earl of Car- 
 lingford, he assigned to Martin Folkes^ esq. 
 
 and another, trustees, to hold in trust for 
 the said Clara Weld, " all the said premises 
 called Weld House," &c. 
 
 In 1680, sir Edward Atkins, baron of the 
 Exchequer, bought for 6,000/, together 
 with certain tenements in Dorsetshire, the 
 mansion called Weld House (that is to say, 
 the centre building.) And the same year 
 the wings were again mortgaged to Edward 
 Capel, gent, for 1,000/. They afterwards 
 passed through various hands, as Hientioned 
 above, until the house came to be finally 
 demolished, and the site of it and the gai^ 
 dens completely built on. 
 
• ••••• • 
 
« 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 249 
 
 adjoining to and being part of the said Weld House, on or towards the south 
 side thereof; the house formerly in the occupation of Mary Saunders, 
 adjoining north on Weld House, and then laid into, and used with the said 
 house in the possession of the Spanish ambassador. All which houses adjoin 
 to each other in or near Weld-street." 
 
 In 1695, was demised to Ralph Lister, plaisterer, " all that part of the 
 said mansion-house called Weld House, with its gardens and appurtenances, 
 containing, from east to west, on the north and south parts, 360 feet ; and on 
 the middle part thereof, from north to south, 75 feet ; and at the back or east 
 part thereof, from north to south, 44 feet." This admeasurement makes the 
 centre of Weld House 7-5 feet broad ; and, taking the two wings at the same 
 breadth (37^ feet each,) which is probably under the mark, the street front of 
 the whole fabric must have been 150 feet wide, and the depth of it, with the 
 garden behind, 360 feet. 
 
 The lessee. Lister, soon demolished Weld House, and built on its site; as Site of Weld 
 we find that the next possessor of the estate, Isaac Fox croft, in 1698, gives to on°"^^ " ' 
 his son, by will, " all his lands, tenements, rents, &c. whether freehold or 
 leasehold, being formerly Weld House, and the gardens and grounds to the 
 same belonging." 
 
 Seven years later (I702,) mention is made of " all that part of the capital 
 messuage called Weld House, as it was then built upon ; and subsequently, 
 viz. in 1713, was leased to Hugh Jones, of St. Martin's in the Fields, " all 
 that parcel of ground, part of the garden then late belonging to Weld House, 
 being the second piece of ground, eastwards, and all timber, buildings and 
 materials thereon erected." — And the same year, the final exit of Weld House 
 is recorded by a demise of " all those parcels of ground whereon Weld House 
 formerly stood, and the fourteen houses thereon built," &c. — And, 
 
 In 1717. was leased, " all that messuage formerly used as the ambassador's 
 chapel, and the vestry thereto adjoining." 
 
 Newcastle House. — Newcastle House is a well-known building. It was Newcasti.e 
 erected in I686, by the then marquis of Powis, from whom it received the ^°us'=^- 
 oame of Powis House ; but being afterwards sold to the duke of Newcastle, 
 the well-known minister of George II, it was called Newcastle House. It 
 stands at the north-west corner of Lincoln's-inn fields, part of it also forming 
 the south side of Great Queen-street. 
 
 Kk It 
 
250 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Ancaster 
 Housu. 
 
 Paitlet 
 House, &c. 
 
 Bristol 
 House. 
 
 It is a lofty and noble building of brick, with stone quoins and dressings," 
 ascended to by a grand double flight of stone steps, and its centre rising in the 
 form of a pointed pediment. Want of room, as is evident from the expedient of 
 supporting its north side on arches, has occasioned a curtailment of breadth in 
 front, by no means favourable to its appearance. It has of late years been 
 divided and occupied as a double house. The architect is said to have been 
 a captain William Wynde. 
 
 Government, we are told, had once an intention to have bought and settled 
 Newcastle House officially on the Great Seal. At this time it was occupied by 
 the lord keeper, sir Nathan Wright. 
 
 Ancaster, or Lindsey House (once the seat of the earls of Lindsey, and of 
 their descendants the dukes of Ancaster,) is situated a little way from 
 Newcastle House, and on the west side of Lincoln's-inn square. It is chiefly 
 remarkable from having been the work of Inigo Jones ; and is an elegant 
 stone building, now divided and occupied as two private houses. 
 
 Paulet House, &c. — " Queen-street," observes Mr. Pennant, (Account of 
 London, p. 149,) " was, in the sixteenth century, the residence of many of 
 our people of rank. Amongst others was Paulet House, belonging to the 
 marquis of Winchester ; Conway House, the residence of the noble family of 
 that name ; — and the house in which lord Herbert, of Chirbury, finished his 
 romantic life. The fronts of certain houses, probably these, or others of the 
 nobility, are distinguished by brick pilasters and rich capitals." 
 
 The earls of Bristol had also a house in this street, of which Mr. Evelyn thus 
 speaks, in his Diar)' : — 
 
 " When the Board of Trade and Plantations was first established in I67I, 
 the earl of Bristol's house, in Queen-street, was taken for their use. It had 
 seven rooms on a floor ; a long gallery, gardens, &c. and was furnished with 
 rich hangings of the kings." 
 
 The annexed plate represents some of the houses here mentioned. The 
 appropriation of each to its respective inhabitant, is however a matter of 
 uncertainty ; no clue whatever being to be found among the parish records, 
 or indeed any mention made of them to guide our inquiries. It is certain, 
 notwithstanding, that the noble persons said to have lived here were 
 parishioners, as the names of the marquisses of Winchester and Worces- 
 ter, lord Herbert, and other noblemen, are mentioned as the occupants 
 
 of 
 
Cn-fiyvz^nce &>.Qicee^zy^-'^Aa^ie/'. 
 
 arCotcf^ ^TTTTie'r^ o^'c^c^/?c'it''^:^ra/naeJ' 
 
 Ji-JJcnUJcci/::M/y. 
 
 a^0ouj^.^7va^^^^lu^s»n^ h^y>!<^. 
 
 O Sdhjcirf Lv^t^:, 
 
• ••• 
 
TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 251 
 
 of pews in the church, or as donors to the poor, in various parts of the 
 parish books. 
 
 Other Houses. — There are several other houses of eminent persons noticed Otherhouses. 
 in the parish books ; as Louch House, Chesterfield House, and the houses of 
 Dudley Short, esq. and sir Richard Stiddolph ; but we know nothing of them 
 as buildings. 
 
 K K 
 
S52 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH J 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 Sir John 
 Oldcastle, 
 
 Wickliffe. 
 
 HISTORICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Sir John Oldcastle and the Lollards. — Babington^s Plot. — Burning of the 
 King's Stables at Bloomsbury. — Of Montagu House (1685-6). — Execution 
 of Lord William Russell. — Account of the Plague at different periods.- — 
 Dr. Heywood (Rector). — Parish Concerns, viz. Names of Places, Fines, 
 Sacrilege, Robbei-y. — Political Events. — Vestry, an Account of. — Parish 
 Officers. — The Church and Burial Grounds. — Extra Chapels. — Perambula- 
 tions and Boundaries. — Highways, Paving, Lighting, ^x. — Poor, different 
 Sorts of— Estates given to them, and by whom — Establishments for their 
 relief, viz. Workhouse, Almshouses, Free Schools, Shelton's School, Parish 
 School. — Manors of St. Giles and Bloomsbury, Account of, and of the forma- 
 tion, <§T. of Bloomsbury Church and Parish. 
 
 THE first known historical occurrence of importance, in which the name of 
 this parish is conspicuous, is the pretended conspiracy of the Lollards, and cruel 
 execution of their leader, Sir John Oldcastle, which latter event took place in 
 St. Giles's Fields in the year 1418. An account of this transaction is to be 
 found in the Martyrology of Fox, and the annals of various contemporary 
 writers ; a slight account therefore, and that chiefly with respect to local parti- 
 culars, will be necessary in this place. 
 
 The tenets of Wickliffe, first propagated in the reign of Edw. Ill, his expo- 
 sition of the vices and ignorance of the clergy, and his discovery of a purer 
 theology, had promoted a spirit of inquiry, highly inimical to the then reli- 
 gious establishment. The proselytes to the new system, who were denominated 
 by their adversaries, Lollards, continued to increase in the succeeding reigns, 
 and had become so formidable, in point of numbers, about the time of the 
 accession of Henry V, that the church took a serious alarm, and determined to 
 crush the growing schism, by some examples of severity. Sir John Oldcastle, 
 Lord Cobham, a man of rank and family, and a great favourer of the sect, had 
 rendered himself particularly obnoxious by his boldness and zeal, and was, on 
 that account, thought the fittest to begin with ; but as he ranked high in his 
 
 sovereign's 
 
HISTORICAL, &c.— SIR JOHN OLDCASTLE. 253 
 
 sovereign's estimation, the matter required some address ; a simple charge of 
 difference of opinion, it was considered, might not be judged sufficiently weighty 
 to procure the prince's consent to his destruction ; something must be added. 
 The Lollards, it appears, to avoid persecution, were in the habit of holding their 
 religious meetings in fields and bye places ; and those in and near London, 
 with Sir John Oldcastle at their head, selected Saint Giles's Fields (then all 
 country) to assemble in. An occurrence so favourable to the views of their 
 enemies, was not lost sight of ; the king was made to believe in the existence 
 of a treasonable plot j the secrecy of their proceedings, the number of persons 
 met together, and the vicinity of the spot to the court, seemed to justify the 
 accusation. Preparations were made for immediately suppressing the supposed 
 rebellion ; and though on the Lollards being surprized, but few in comparison 
 of what had been said, were found, and those unarmed and peaceable; no less 
 than thirty-six innocent persons, chiefly gentlemen, and therefore adjudged to 
 be ringleaders, with Sir Roger Acton, Sir John Beverley, Sir John Oldcastle, 
 &c. were condemned and suffered cruel deaths, on this misrepresented and 
 melancholy occasion. 
 
 Such is the brief outline of one of the earliest events which distinguished 
 St. Giles's Fields j the more minute particulars we will give in the words of 
 some of the old chroniclers. Walden, a Carmelite monk, and king Henry's con- Walden, 
 fessor, says (according to the information of Bale,) that an actual crusade was confessor! 
 made against these poor devotionists, headed, such are the prejudices of super- 
 stition, by tlie king himself in person : — 
 
 " The complaynt was made unto the Kynge of them, that they " (the Lol- 
 lards) " had made a great assemblye in Saynct Gyles Felde, at London, pur- 
 posynge the destruccyon of the lande, and the subversyon of the common 
 welthe. As the Kynge was thus informed, he erected a banner, sayth Walden, 
 with a crosse thereupon (as the Pope doth commonlye by his legates, when he 
 pretendeth to warre agaynst the Turke,) and with a great numbre of menne 
 entred the same felde, whereas he founde no soche companye : yet M'as the 
 complaynt judged true, bycause the Bysshoppes had spoken yl at the infour- 
 mation of their prestes. All this hath Thomas Walden, in dyverse of his 
 workes, whych was at the sametyme a Whyght or Carmelyte fryre, and the 
 Kynges confessour ; and partlye it is touched both by Robert Fabyane and by 
 Polydorus Vergiluis, in theyre Englyshe Chronycles, but not in all poyntes 
 ryghtlye. In the mcane season, Syr Johan Oldcastele, the Lorde Cobham, 
 
 escaped 
 
254 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 The play of 
 Sir John 
 Oldcastie. 
 
 Picket's 
 Field. 
 
 Passages 
 from the 
 play. 
 
 escaped out of the Towre of London in the nyght, and so fledde into Walys, 
 where as he continued more than four years after." 
 
 The play of " Sir John Oldcastie," falsely ascribed to Shakespeare, but cer- 
 tainly written about his time, has adopted the ill-founded calumny fastened on 
 the Lollards by their enemies, of treasonable practices, and not religion, being 
 the object of their meeting in St. Giles's Fields ; a charge disproved by the best 
 historians, and evidently only propagated at first to bring them into disgrace. 
 This drama (whatever might be the motives of its author for taking the side he 
 has done) has a number of passages, which not only describe in lively colours 
 the progress of the pretended plot of this sect, and the part taken in it by their 
 leaders, but afford much local information as to St. Giles's itself, which its 
 antiquity renders valuable. The place of rendezvous for Sir John and his 
 followers, is there stated to be " Picket's Field," and to lay ^' behind St. Giles's, 
 near Holbom." As Ficket's Field, or Fikattesfeld (according to old deeds) 
 was the name properly, of that part of the parish now called Lincoln's-inn 
 fields, only ; which does not lay behind, but on the side of St. Giles's («. e. of 
 the Church or Hospital ;) it is probable that Ficket's Field was a denomination 
 applied then generally to the whole district, and that the meeting took place 
 somewhere to the south of the hospital, the fields of which joined those of 
 Westminster, the immediate seat of royalty. This justifies an expression put 
 into the King's mouth, on Ficket's Field being named to him as the halting 
 place of the rebels, of; — "What, so near our presence?" — This, however, is 
 only matter of conjecture. Some extracts from the play alluded to follow : — 
 
 PASSAGES FROM THE PLAY OF SIR JOHN OLDCASTLE. 
 
 Acton. — There are of us, our friends and followers. 
 
 Three thousand and three hundred at the least: 
 
 Of northern lads four thousand, beside horse ; 
 
 From Kent there comes with Sir John Oldcastie 
 
 Seven thousand : then from London issue out. 
 
 Of masters, servants, strangers, 'prentices, 
 
 Forty odd thousand, unto Picket Field. 
 Murley. — \^' here's thai Ficket Field, Sir Roger? 
 Acton. — Behind St. Giles in the Field, near Holborn. 
 Murley. — Newgate — up Holborn — St. Giles in the Field, and to Tyburn; — an old say — 
 
 Fiiday next and Ficket Field! — I have half a score jades y' draw my beer 
 
 casts — and every jade shall bear a knave — and every knave shall wear a jack — 
 
 and every jack shall have a scull — and every scull shall shew a spear — and every 
 
 spear shall kill a foe at Ficket Field — at Ficket Field — all my knaves shall fight 
 
 like men at Ficket Field on Friday next. 
 
 SCENE 
 
HISTORICAL, &c.— BABINGTON'S PLOT. ^5 
 
 SCENE— Picket Field.— Enter Butler. 
 
 Butler. — It's break of day. — 
 
 And, as I scouted near to Islington, 
 The grey-ey'd morning gave me glimmering 
 Of armed men coming down Heygate Hill, 
 Who, by their course are coasting thitherward. 
 
 SCENE— Heygate.— Enter Acton, &c. 
 
 AfMr/ey.— Where's our army, Sir ? — 
 Acton. — Dispers'd in sundry villages about 
 
 But our chief strength must be the Londoners ; 
 
 Which, er'e the sun to-morrovr shine, i 
 
 Will be near fifty thousand in the field. 
 
 This night we few in Heygate will repose ; 
 
 With the first cock we'll rise and arm ourselves, 
 
 To be in Ticket Field by break of day. 
 
 And there expect our general. 
 
 The state of the parish, or that part of it here denominated Picket Pield, 
 well agree with the nature of the spot in Elizabeth's reign, near which time this 
 play was written. The armed men are descried by the morning light from Remarks on 
 Picket Field, coming down Heygate Hill. This would have been possible, ^® P'^y- 
 looking from the fields on the South side of St. Giles's, when Bloomsbury was 
 unbuilt. The number of Londoners expected to join the rebel standard, 
 would demand no small space to assemble in ; Lincoln's-inn fields (the antient 
 Fikattesfeld) must have been too confined ;-^nor could room be found in any 
 other part of the parish, except behind the hospital, which communicating with 
 the fields of Westminster, and an extensive tract of country, would, in all 
 respects, be convenient. It may be safely inferred therefore, that the meeting 
 of the Lollards took place there. The manner of Sir John Old castle's death 
 has been noticed, in speaking of the new gallows set up on that occasion at the 
 common place of execution, opposite the hospital garden. 
 
 The conspiracy against queen Elizabeth, known by the name of " Basing- Babington's 
 ton's Plot," is the next public occurrence in which we find St. Giles's men- P'°'- 
 tioned. The particulars of it will be found in Carlton's Thankful! Remem- 
 brance of God's Mercies. This event took place in the year 1586 ; and was 
 one of the numerous attempts made by the Catholics of the time to dethrone 
 
 and 
 
256 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 and murder that princess. The head conspirator being named Babington, 
 occasioned the plot to be called after him. " They conferred," says the 
 bishop, " in St. Giles's Fields, in Paul's church, and in tavernes, in which 
 they had their daily feasts ; and so infatuated were they, that those who should 
 strike the queen they had pourtrayed in lively pictures, and in the midst of 
 them Babington, with this verse, ' Hi mihi sunt comites, quos ipsa pericula 
 ducunt.' These pictures were brought to the queen." 
 
 This formidable treason was discovered partly through the confession of one 
 of the conspirators. Babington, and two or three others, for a time escaped ; 
 during which they hid themselves " in St. John's Wood, neare to the citie. 
 Here they cut off Babington's hayre, and defaced his native beauty, with 
 rubbing his face over with the greene huskes of walnuts. And being forced 
 by hunger, they got neere to Harrow on the Hill ; where, after being hid in 
 barnes, and fed, and clothed in rustical apparell, they were in about ten dayes 
 found and brought to London." 
 
 " The 13th of September, seven of the conspirators being brought to 
 judgment, confessed themselves guilty, and were condemned of treason. 
 Other seven came the next day, who denied that they were guiltie, and com- 
 mitted themselves to God and the country ; yet were they condemned by 
 their former confessions." 
 
 " The 20th of that month, the first seven were hanged and quartered in 
 St. Giles's Fields, where they used to meet. Ballard, the contriver of all the 
 mischiefe, asked at the place of execution pardon of God, and the queen, 
 conditionally, if bee had sinned against her. Babington (who without fear 
 beheld Ballard's death, while the rest were upon their knees in prayer) freely 
 confessed his sinnes ; and after he was taken downe from the gallowes, cried 
 out in Latin, Parce mihi Jesu. The rest in their order likewise were hanged 
 and quartered." 
 
 The events which follow are chiefly of a domestic nature, but relate more 
 
 strictly to the parish than the preceding. They are mostly extracted from the 
 
 parish books, and concern a variety of subjects. The first occurrence we 
 
 notice merely to correct a mistatement. It is related by Stowe. 
 
 Fire at the "Of later time K. Henry VIII, having faire stabling there for horses," 
 
 stabfes at (^^^ is to say, at the mews, Charing Cross, of which the author has been speak- 
 
 Bloomsbury. vag,') " in the year 1534, the 28th of his reign, it was burned with many great 
 
 horses, 
 
HISTORICAL, &c.— MONTAGUE HOUSE BURNT. 25? 
 
 horses, and much hay therein ; but was again re-edified in the reign of king 
 Edward VI, and 9 Mary." — Thus I restore it, says Strype, according to 
 Stowe's first edition, but altered in the second in these words : — 
 
 " In the year of Christ 1534, 28 Hen. VIII, the king having faire stabling 
 at Lomsbury, (a mannour in the farthest west part of Holbourne,) the same 
 was fired and burnt, w"" many great horses, and good store of hay. After 
 which time the forenamed house, called the Metices, was new builded, and 
 prepared for stabling for the king's horses, in the reign of Edward VI, and 
 Mary ; and so remaineth to that use." 
 
 This second statement, which is palpably an error as to place, has been 
 followed by Maitland, Pennant, and other writers ( ' ). The next fire did 
 really happen at Bloomsbury. The account of it is from Lady Rachel Russell's 
 letters : — 
 
 " Southampton House, 22d January 1685-6. 
 
 ** If you have heard of the dismal accident in this neighbourhood, you will fuming of 
 easily believe Tuesday night was not a quiet one with us. About one o'clock House, 
 in the night, I heard a great noise in the square, so little ordinary, I called up 
 a servant, and sent her down to learn the occasion. She brought up a very 
 sad one, that Montague House was on fire ; and it was so indeed ; it burnt 
 with so great violence, the whole house was consumed by five o'clock. The 
 wind blew very strong this way, so that we lay under fire a great part of the 
 time, the sparks and flame continually covering the house, and filling the 
 court. My boy awaked, and said he was almost stifled with smoke, but being 
 told the reason, would see it, and so was satisfied without fear. Took a strange 
 bedfellow very willingly. Lady Devonshire's youngest boy, whom his nurse 
 
 had 
 
 (') The variation in this second statement happened at the Mews, Charing Cross. The 
 
 originates in an error of Stowe's transcriber, former says : — 
 
 Anthony Munday. There is no evidence " The xiiij day of August," (i 534,) " was 
 
 whatever of the royal stables, or mews, being a great fyer at Temple Barre, and divers 
 
 at any time situated at Bloomsbury. The houses brent: and the xvi daye of the same 
 
 manor in which the accident happened was moneth, was burned the Kynge's stable at 
 
 St. James's manor, which was situated at the Charyng Crosse, otherwise called theMeuze; 
 
 farthest west part of Lortrfow, instead of Hoi- wherein was brent many great horses, and 
 
 born. This agrees with the fact, and also great store of haye." — And Grafton (Chron. 
 
 withStowe'saccount in his annals. Hall and ed. 1569, fol. 1225,) relates the circumstance 
 
 Grafton also describe this accident to have in almost the same words, and with a yeij 
 
 slight variation of orthography only. 
 
 Ll 
 
258 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 had brought wrapt up in a blanket. Lady Devonshire came towards morning 
 and lay here. Thus we see what a day brings forth, and how momentary the 
 things we set our hearts upon." 
 Execution of The execution of Ix)rd William Russell, who was a parishioner, and owner 
 Lord William of Bloomsbury manor, took place in Lincobi*s.inn fields, July 21, 1683. The 
 subject is variously noticed by different writers. Pennant's account will 
 suffice : — 
 
 " Here," says he, speaking of Lincoln's-inn fields and its theatre, *' on 
 another stage of a different nature, was performed the sad tragedy of the death 
 of the virtuous Lord Russell, who lost his head in the middle of the square, 
 July 21, 1683. Party writers assert, that he was brought here in preference 
 to any other spot, in order to mortify the citizens with the sight. In fact, it 
 was the nearest open space to Newgate, the place of his lordship's confine- 
 ment : otherwise dragging him to Tower Hill, the usual concluding scene on 
 these dreadful occasions, would have given his enemies full opportunity of 
 indulging the imputed malice." 
 
 " The Duke of York descended so low in his revenge, as to desire that this 
 innocent lord might be executed before his own door in Bloomsbury -square : 
 an insult the king himself would not consent to. An order was signed for his 
 execution in Lincoln's-inn fields ; and a respite of only two days being at last 
 asked, was refused." — Oldmixon ( '■ ). 
 Plagues here The Plague, which formerly committed great ravages in St. Giles's, is the 
 periods!^^" Subject of numerous entries in the parish books : — They afford an interesting 
 picture of the nature and effects of this dreadful calamity. 
 
 In an interval of less than eighty years, there were, it appears from the 
 bills of mortality, five great mortalities or plagues in London. The first 
 began in 1592 ; the last in 1665. The intermediate plague years were, 1603, 
 when there died more than 30,000 persons in London j 1625, when there 
 was a still greater number of deaths ; and 1636 and 1640, in which last years, 
 although less, the mortalities were still very dreadful. St. Giles's parish 
 
 i§ 
 
 (*) In March 1688-9, an act for reversing 2d November 1689, the house of com- 
 
 the attainder of the late Lord Russell,received mons appointed a committee to examine 
 
 His attainder tlic royal assent. In the pream- who were the advisers and promoters of the 
 
 reversed. ^le to the bill, (which was the murder of Lord Russel.— (/6iW.) 
 
 second King William passed,) his execution 
 is called a murder. — (Ralph.) — and 
 
HISTORICAL, &c.— THE PLAGUE— WRITERS ON. 26d 
 
 is only twice mentioned by name in these bills, viz. in the years 1592 and 1625 ; 
 when there died as follows : 
 
 1592. — Of the plague, 596. — Total number of burials in the parish this 
 year, from all disorders (the plague inclusive,) 894<. 
 
 1625. — Of the plague,. 947. — Total number of burials in the parish this 
 year (plague as above inclusive,) 1,333. 
 
 The plague of 1665, is very entertainingly described by De Foe, in his Writers on 
 journa* of the plague year ; which, however, is mixed with some fiction. ^ ^ ^^^^' 
 Dr. Mead, Dr. Brown, Hodges, and others, have also written on this subject ;, 
 Dr. Mead says, that it was generally thought that this contagion came with 
 cotton imported from Turkey. Other opinions differ as to its origin : all, how- 
 ever, acknowledge its malignity to have been unparallelled, it having swept 
 away, in London and its suburbs alone, in ten months time, 97.306 persons. (') 
 
 The effects of this, and some of the preceding visitations on St. Giles's 
 parish, will be seen by the following extracts : — 
 
 " 1627. Ordered by vestry, that Jane Brackley, widow of Joseph Brackley, 
 be paid a&. 10, disbursed by, and left unpaid, to her late husband when in 
 office, he having expended that sum for the poor, during the visitation." And 
 Mr. Biggs was also ordered to be paid £.8. 3 s. " the balance of money dis- 
 bursed by him at the same time." 
 
 The visitation' here mentioned, was that of 1625; the debt due to Mrs. piagueof 
 Brackley, was for money paid by her husband that year while churchwarden, 1625. 
 ever and above the collections of which he had the disposal ; and which were 
 assessed on the parishioners by act of parliament, 1603, for supporting such 
 poor as might be shut up with the infection. Mr. Biggs's arrears were for 
 money expended in a similar manner. 
 
 There is no other mention of this plague in the books. The next are 
 
 entries 
 
 (') The regulations in this, and preceding shut up, and attended with watchmen to keep 
 
 plagues, may be seen in the Tracts of the the inhabitants in, and administer necessaries 
 
 Day, and are very curious. Examiners, to them, at their own or the parish charge, 
 
 searchers, watchmen, keepers and bearers, as might be needful. The keepers, buriers, 
 
 were appointed for the persons and places and medical attendants, were to carry red 
 
 infected. In 1665, every house visited via.s rods in their hands, in the streets. The 
 
 to be marked with a red cross, in the burial of the dead was to take place before 
 
 middle of the door, with the words, " The sunrising, or after sunsetting only, and to be 
 
 Lord have mercy upon us," above. The unaccompanied by friends or relations. All 
 
 constables were to see every visited house public meetings were prohibited, &c. 
 
 LL 2 
 
260 ST. GILES'S PARISH? 
 
 Plague of entries as to the pestilence of 1636, when, by an order of vestry, " a treasurer 
 
 *^^^' was appointed for the visited poor, for one year." And subsequently (the 
 
 beginning of the year 1637) it was 
 
 " Ordered, — That Mr. Speckart, and eleven more gentlemen, vestrymen, 
 
 with the collectors for the visited poor, and three constables, should meet in 
 
 the vestry thenceforward at six o'clock in the morning, to give their assistance 
 
 in collecting such monies as were in arrears, for the visited poor. And if a^.SO 
 
 was not gathered within four days from their first meeting, Mr. Nurse was to 
 
 disburse the same to Mr. Baseley, and to stay proceedings against Mess" Hope 
 
 and Gardner " (churchwardens in 1635,) " at the suit of Bartholomew Piggot, 
 
 out of the monies remaining in his, Mr. Nurse's hands, for the use of the 
 
 visited poor." 
 
 There is no information why the suit alluded to was commenced against the 
 
 then late churchwardens. The next year, 1638, the plague having, for a 
 
 while, ceasedj 
 
 , " Auditors were ordered to be appointed to audit the accounts of the 
 
 visited poor." 
 
 Pest House. During the preceding infections, this parish, as well as others, made use of 
 
 a general hospital, called " The London Pest House," (*) stated to have 
 
 stood "forth of Mr. Higgons's house at Bloomsburi/." This Pest House, on the 
 
 approach of the next partial plague in 1640, seems to have been engaged by 
 
 this parish on its own separate account. 
 
 " 1639. Ordered, — That the landlord of the Pest House, be contracted 
 
 with for a lease of the ground, for as long time as it can be gotten. And 
 
 thai the said Pest House afterwards be viewed, and an estimate made by the 
 
 advice of workmen, what the charge will be to make it fit for poor people to 
 
 dwell in. 
 
 This treaty seems to have been successful, as we may infer from the next 
 
 mention of the Pest House (which is the following year,) when a sum of 
 
 fi&.2. 10*. is debited in the churchwardens accounts, as " the rent of the Pest 
 
 House for one whole' year;" which sum, from its smallness, doubtless means 
 
 the ground rent. An entry of relief sent " to the poor at the Pest House," 
 
 occurs 
 
 (*) This Pest House in the general bill St. Giles in the Fields. It probably was the 
 
 of mortality for 1625, is called, " The Pest same building occupied afterwards as a ge- 
 
 House for the nine out parishes adjoining neral workhouse, of which see more under 
 
 London;" and among which parishes was that head. It stood near Coldbath-fields. 
 
HISTORICAL, &c.— PLAGUE OF 1640. 261 
 
 occurs the same year. And also a disbursement of £. 1 to Oulde Powell, for 
 looking to the Pest House a whole year. 
 
 It should be noticed, that this plague of 1640, for which the Pest House was Plague in 
 now fitted-up, was less destructive than those which had preceded, only 1,450 ' 
 persons being stated in the bills to have perished of it in the city and suburbs. 
 It revived however afterwards, and continued to prevail more or less till 1648, 
 during which time 13,581 persons in all, died of it. This continuance of the 
 malady, is evinced by the following entries, which occur at different dates 
 between those two years. 
 
 On the first appearance of the disease, and while the Pest House was making 
 ready, the vestry appears to have taken every prudent precaution to confine 
 and eradicate it, as well as to provide for the necessitous poor who might be 
 afiiicted. Most of the wealthy parishioners having fled into the country, to 
 avoid the contagion, it was found useless to make an assessment which could 
 not be collected. The churchwardens therefore were obliged to borrow 
 money for the immediate use of the sufferers. The vestry also appointed, 
 agreeably to the act, two examiners to inspect the visited houses, as they had 
 done in former plagues ; and also a treasurer. The choice of the above officers 
 is thus noticed in the minutes : — 
 
 " 1640 (August) Mr. William Pritchard was chosen treasurer for the 
 visited poor during the sickness time ; and Messrs. Lamb and Bishop 
 were chosen examiners of visited houses for one month ensuing." 
 
 The calamitous effects of the disorder near this time (the middle of summer,) Calamitous 
 
 are strikingly marked in various of the disbursements ; among which are — effects of 
 
 ° •' r ., this infection. 
 
 «< For a shroude for a poor Irishman that died at the brickils"! 
 
 (brick kilns) - - - -/** 
 
 " — a shroude for one that died in Longsfield - - - 2** 6«?. 
 " — 10 shroudes for persons dying in the fields - - - 9,s. 6d." 
 Having partly subsided by the approach of winter, we find an order of vestry 
 dated in the December following ; for — 
 " Mr. Pritchard, the treasurer, with three of the constables, to demand and 
 receive of the landlords, whose tenants had been visited and chargeable 
 to the parish, the money disbursed to such tenants during their visita- 
 tion, this present year 1640." 
 An order was also made to repay the money borrowed by Mr, Pratt, the 
 churchwarden, as before noticed, in the following words : — 
 
 " Whereas in the year 1640, it pleased Almighty God to visit divers of the 
 
 poore 
 
Q6^ ST. GILES'S PARISH J 
 
 poore people of this parish, with the infection of the plague ; and because divers 
 of the gentry and p'sons of estate were then out of towne, there could not be 
 an assessment made, and money collected amongst the p'shioners for the p'sent 
 rdiefe of the said infected — wherefore Mr. William Pratt, &c. borrowed of 
 Theodore Coltey, Esq, £.50. Which sum appearing to have been faithfully 
 disbuTsed to the said visited poore, it is ordered that the same be repaid." 
 
 The revival', or rather continuance of the disorder, for it appears only to 
 have slept during the winter months, is proved by various disbursements to 
 infected persons, among which are the following : — 
 
 *' 1641. To John Parker, in Parker' s-lane, visited - - - 3^4 
 
 — To Tindall, the carpenter, for mending the Pest House - 18*." 
 Plague of In 1642, the entries indicate an increase in the virulence of the disease, as 
 
 '^ ' the dormant practice of shutting up the infected houses, was then first 
 
 resorted to. The deaths likewise had become so numerous, that the bodies 
 could no longer be buried in the usual way, but were obliged to be collected 
 in carts, and thrown into pits or graves of large dimensions, by torch light. 
 
 " 1642. P"* for two padlocks and hasps, for visited houses - 2*. 6d." 
 
 These were to fasten in the infected, and to prevent any one entering into, or 
 coming out of the house, without the consent of the warder, or watchman, 
 stationed at the door, who kept the key, and under a severe penalty was to 
 admit the medical attendants only. 
 
 " — P"* to Mr. Hyde, for candles for the bearers - - . 10*. 
 
 — To the same for the night cart and cover, the summe of £.7- 9*. 
 
 — To Mr. Mann, for links and candles for the night bearers 10s." 
 The candles mentioned were for the bearers, who were accustomed to search 
 
 such infected houses, as did not return an answer to the cry of " Bring out your 
 dead !" Where it was not unusual to find the whole household had perished. 
 In these cases, or otherwise, such bodies as they collected were thrown into 
 the covered cart which attended them, and taken to the different churchyards ; 
 and when they were full, to fields and other places, where pits were dug for the 
 purpose. The persons doing this duty (which was always performed at mid- 
 night) carrying links to light them, and generally smoking to prevent infection. 
 
 Plague of In 1643, we find there further entries as to the plague of that year. 
 
 1643. 
 
 " To the bearers for carryeing oute of Crown-yard, a woman that dyed of the"! ' g' 
 plague --.. J 4-. 
 
 " Sent to a poore man shut up in Crown-yard, of the plague - - - - 1. 6. 
 '* P"" for a book, and two orders concerning the visited houses - - - -1.6. 
 
HISTORICAL, &c.— GREAT PLAGUE OF 1665. 263 
 
 ?1 
 
 " P* Mr. H3'de, for padlocks and staples for a house - - - - ». 2. 
 
 " P* the sexton for making lo graves, and for links as, per bill - - - 5. 6. 
 ** P* & geven Mr. Lyn, the bedle, for a piece of good service for the pisshe, inl 
 
 conveying away of a visited household out of y* pisshe to Lond' Pest House, 
 
 forth of Mr. Higgons's bouse at Bloomsbury - _ - - - 
 " Rec* of Mr. Hearle, Dr. Temple's gift to be given unto Mrs. Hockey, a mini-"! ^^ ^ „ 
 
 ster's widow, shut up in the cracheyard, of the plague . - - -J 
 
 At the commeBcement of the plague in the year 1646. It was ordered by Plague of 
 vestry — 
 
 " That an assessment be made for the visited poore. To be y* 4th part of 
 the poor's book for one month ; and the money collected to be paid to 
 Mr. Gerrard, the treasurer, for the visited poor. And the said treasurer to 
 distribute it to the constables, and others to be named, to give it away 
 as necessity may be and require. 
 
 " Rec* of Mr. Cornish, for the reliefe of the visited poor - - £. 10." 
 
 And the following year (1648,) in Mr. Bringhurst, the treasurer's account of 
 money received and disbursed for the visited poor, it is stated that he had 
 received £.14>0. 6s. lid.; and disbursed to searchers, bearers, and wardens, 
 £. 108. 5s. ; and in addition that he had paid for " building the pest-house." 
 
 The plague of 1665, as it was the last calamity of the kind known in Great plague 
 England, so it was by far the severest. The opinions as to its origin were "f 1665. 
 various ; but Dr. Mead's assertion, before noticed, that it came in cotton from 
 Turkey, was most generally credited. All writers concur in giving a most 
 frightful picture of its ravages; (') Maitland, speaking of it at its height, says, 
 
 "All 
 
 (') " London might well be said to be all I mean bye-streets, and have seen nobody to 
 
 in tears ; the mourners did not go about the direct me but watchmen, set at the doors of 
 
 , streets indeed, for nobody put such houses as were shut up. — And one day 
 
 account of the on black, or made a formal dress I particularly observed, that even laHolbom, 
 
 dreadful effects of mouming for their nearest the people walked in the middle of the street, 
 
 friends; but the voice of mourn- and not at the sides, not to mingle, as I sup- 
 
 ing was truly heard in the streets; the shrieks posed, with any body that came out of in- 
 
 of women and children, at the doors and fected houses, or meet with smells and scents 
 
 windows of their houses, where their dearest from them." — (Journal of the Plague Year.) 
 
 relations were dying, or perhaps dead, were " In the streets might be seen persons 
 
 enough to pierce the stoutest heart. At the seized with the sickness, staggering like 
 
 west end of the town, it was a surprizing drunken men : here lay some dozing, and 
 
 thing to see those streets which were usually almost half dead ; there others were met 
 
 thronged, now grown desolate; so that I have fatigued with excessive vomiting, as if they 
 
 sometimes gone the length of a whole street, had drank poison: in the midst of the 
 
 market 
 
264 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 « All the houses were shut up, the streets deserted, and scarcely any thing to 
 be seen therein, but grass growing, innumerable fires for purifying the infected 
 air, coffins, pest carts, red crosses upon doors, with the inscription ' Lord have 
 mercy upon us!' and poor women in tears with dismal aspect, and woeful 
 lamentations, carrying their infants to the grave, and scarcely any other sounds 
 to be heard than those incessantly emitted from the windows, of ' Pray for us!' 
 and the direful call of ' Bring out your dead!' with the piteous groans of 
 departing souls, and melancholy knells for bodies ready for the grave." 
 First began in St. Giles's parish has the melancholy distinction of being the place at which 
 St. Giles's. ^j^jg dreadful plague begun. {^) De Foe (the truth of whose statement, as to 
 this point, is corroborated by other writers) tells us, that the first deaths from 
 this disorder happened at the upper end of Drury-lane. " This," says he, 
 " turned peoples eyes pretty much to that quarter, and the weekly bills, shew- 
 ing an increase of burials in St. Giles's parish, it began to be suspected, that 
 the plague was among the people at that end of the town." He proceeds to 
 state, that the ordinary number of burials in that parish, were from 10 or 12 
 a week to 15 or 16; but that after the plague had commenced, the weekly 
 bills shewed an evident increase; the number that died amounting at the end 
 of the first six or seven weeks, to 24, and in some weeks afterwards to 30, so 
 that by the middle of May, the disease had spread beyond all power to conceal 
 Its gradual it. " In the parish of St. Giles," says he, " it had gotten into several streets, 
 there^*^ and several families lay sick altogether; and accordingly in the next weekly 
 bill, the thing began to shew itself; there was indeed but 14 set down of the 
 plague, but this was all knavery and collusion, for in St. Giles's parish they 
 buried 40 in all; whereof it was certain most of them died of the plague, 
 though not so set down. And in the next bill, from May 23 to May 30, the 
 burials in St. Giles's were 53, a frightful number! of whom they set down but 
 9 of the plague; but on a strict investigation it was found there were 20 more, 
 
 who 
 
 market persons in full health fell suddenly Manningham says, " It was most generally 
 
 down, as if the contagion was there exposed reported to have began in St. Giles's, by 
 
 to sale. — It was not uncommon to see an flax." — (Discourse concerning the Plague.) 
 
 inheritance pass to three heirs within the " This plague (which the eminent Dr. 
 
 space of four days. The bearers were not Sydenham calls in his practice of cures by 
 
 sufficient to inter the dead," &c. — (Dr. the name of a mortal fever) discovered at 
 
 Hodges on the Plague.) first its malignity among the poorer sort of 
 
 (*) Dr. Hodges's account of it makes it people in St.Giles'inthe. Fields, towards the 
 
 begin at Westminster; in the fields of which latter end of the year 1664." — (Practical 
 
 part of St. Giles's parish then lay. Sir Rich, method for the cure of the Plague, 1665.) 
 
HISTORICAL, &c.— GREAT PLAGUE OF 1665. ^65 
 
 who were really dead of the plague in that parish, but had been set down of the 
 spotted fever, or other distempers, besides others concealed. The second week 
 in June, the parish of St. Giles's (where still the weight of the infection lay) 
 buried 120, whereof, though the bills said but 68 of the plague, every body 
 said there had been 100 at least, calculating it from the usual number of funerals 
 in that parish, as above." 
 
 After describing the consternation and effects produced from the rapid pro- 
 gress of the calamity, he adds the following particulars, as to its further increase 
 and consequences in this parish. 
 
 " It was now mid July, and the plague which had chiefly raged in the 
 parishes of St. Giles and St. Andrew, Holborn, began to come eastward. Yet 
 though there died that week 1,268, of all distempers, whereof it might be 
 supposed above 900 died of the plague, yet there was but 28 in the city, within 
 the walls, and but 19 in Southwark, Lambeth parish included, whereas in the 
 parishes of St. Giles's and St. Martin's in the Fields, alone, there died 421." 
 
 He continues (after some extraneous description) — 
 
 " And now the justices of peace for Middlesex, by direction of the secretary The houses 
 of state, had begun to shut up houses in the parishes of St. Giles's, &c. and it * " "''' 
 was with good success; for in several streets where the plague broke out, upon 
 strict guarding the houses that were infected, and taking care to bury those 
 that died, immediately after they were known to be dead, the plague ceased in 
 those streets. It was also observed, that the plague decreased sooner in those 
 parishes, after they had been visited to the full, than it did in others, till at last 
 it nearly disappeared in them altogether, as may be seen from the bills of 
 mortality for the weeks towards the close of autumn ; taking St. Giles's parish 
 for instance, where the numbers were; — from 12th September to 19th, 140; — 
 from 19th September to 26th, 119; — from September 26th to October 3d, 95; 
 while in the eastern parishes they proportionably increased." (^) 
 
 The entries in the parish books commence on the visited houses being 
 ordered to be shut up. 
 
 " 1665, (August.) — Ordered, that an additional rate be levied for the use of Parish raises 
 the visited poor, to the amount of ^.600; and that the inhabitants of the ^°^^^' 
 parish be rated accordingly." 
 
 (') In "Reflections on the Bills of Mor- — " 1665. There died in St. Giles's parish 
 tality," 1665, the deatlis in St. Giles's parish in this year, in all, 4,457; whereof^ of the 
 during the plague year, are stated as follow : plague, 3,216." 
 
 M M 
 
266 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Gifts towards 
 relief of 
 visited poor. 
 
 Regulations. 
 
 Watching of 
 
 visited 
 
 houses. 
 
 £. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 lo. 
 
 0. 
 
 0. 
 
 50. 
 
 0. 
 
 0. 
 
 40. 
 
 0. 
 
 0. 
 
 16. 11. 
 
 And it was, at the same time, further directed by vestry — 
 
 " That the constables and overseers do take an account what pensioners 
 
 and parish children have deceased (of the plague) since Lady-day last, until the 
 
 present time." 
 
 In addition to the £. 600 raised by the rate, various sums were subscribed 
 
 by eminent persons, not parishioners, which are entered in the churchwardens 
 
 accounts, as under: — 
 
 " Rec' of Mr. Williams, from the Earl of Clare, (gift-money) - - - 
 " Rec' of Mr. Justice Godfrey (Sir Edmonbury,) from the Lord Treasurer 
 " Earle Craven towards the visited poore _.-___ 
 " Rec' from Earle Craven and the rest of the justices, towards the visited"! 
 
 poore (at various times) - - -- - - - __/"* 
 
 During the height of the disorder, the same measures appear to have been re- 
 sorted to as in former plagues, as well to relieve the afflicted, as to prevent the 
 spreading of the infection ; but the cases being nearly similar to those already 
 given, it would be useless to repeat them. The appointment of searchers, 
 shutting up of infected houses, &c. are noticed in the following entries: — 
 
 " 1665. — Aug'. Paid the searchers for viewing the corpse of goodwife"! 
 
 Phillips, who dyed of the plague - - - - - - -J 
 
 " Laid out more for goodman Phillips and his children, being shut"! 
 
 upp and visited __-- .-_.-/' 
 
 {Same date.) — " Laid out for Lylla Lewis, in Three Crane-court, being shutT o 18 o' 
 
 upp of the plague ; and laid out for her, and for the nurse and burial -J 
 
 The disappearance of the disease is indicated by various entries in the 
 churchwardens accounts, relative to the expense of building the pest house ; 
 rent of ground on which it stood; amount received for the sale of its materials, 
 &c. for instance : ' »• 
 
 " 1666.— P* the warders for warding at those houses which were visited in| ^^ ^^ g" 
 to Egabond's wife for looking to the Pest-house -J 
 
 o. 
 
 o. 5- 
 o. 18. 
 
 d. 
 6. 
 
 o. 
 
 the year 1665; and to Egabond's wife for lookmg 
 Paid for oates and beanes for the horse at the Pest-house 
 
 9- 6." 
 " dead 
 
 The horse here mentioned was probably used to draw the parish 
 cart." The next entry shews the complete extinction of the plague in the 
 parish, and the precautions which were taken to prevent its recurrence. 
 
 " 1666, (July.)— Ordered, That the constables, &c. do take an especial 
 account of all inmates, coming from other parishes ; and to take security that 
 they be not burdensome. And also to take care to prevent the spreading of 
 
 the 
 
HISTORICAL, &c.— PURITANICAL INNOVATIONS. 267 
 
 the infection for the future, by a timely provision for them that are, or here- 
 after may happen to be visited." 
 
 Dr. Heywood. 
 The following are extracts from a scarce tract, printed in 1641, intitled. Dr. Hey- 
 
 wood 
 
 " The Petition and Articles exhibited against doctor Heywood, by the Parish- 
 ioners of St. Giles in the Fields." The petitioners (who were merely a party 
 in the parish) state : — 
 
 " That they live under the pastoral charge of one William Heywood, doctor Accused by 
 of divinity, who had lately published in sundry sermons, by him preached in 
 his parish church, most damnable and erroneous doctrines, full of grosse popish 
 tenets, and whilst he was house chaplain to the archbishop of Canterbury, did 
 licence a book, intitled, 'An Introduction to a devout Life,' containing the like 
 popish doctrines, and tending to the upholding and advancing of the popish 
 religion; whose practice in church discipline is superstitious and idolatrous; 
 manifested by strange and anticke jestures of cringings and bowings. In 
 whose parish church are set up crucifixes, and divers images of saints ; and 
 likewise organs, with other confused musicke, hindering devotion, are main- 
 tained to the great and needless charge of the parish." 
 
 And they, in conclusion, pray for his removal, and Pray fo' l*'* 
 
 " They may thereafter enjoy a faithful pastor, who may dispence unto them 
 God's word and sacraments in their parish, without the superstitious mixture of 
 human inventions." (') a, 
 
 (*) The articles which follow, contain move to the middle of the ms way of ceU- 
 various extracts from the doctor's book, church, where they all ducke beating Divine 
 
 1-1 -1 • • T • 1 11 1 Worship. 
 
 Dr. Heywood' s which certainly Was an mjudici- down towards the east; then 
 
 *'"'''• ous publication for those times, they all advance to the beautiful gate," 
 
 The description of his " superstitious and (the altar screen described in the account 
 
 idolatrous manner of administration of the of the church,) "where they stand; then 
 
 sacrament of the Lord's supper in the parish every one bowing to the ground three 
 
 church of St. Gyles aforesaid," is rather severall times as they goe, they enter into 
 
 ludicrous. — " In the exterior acts of admi- the sanctum sanctorum" (within the altar- 
 
 nistering the sacrament; for a preparation to rails,) in which place they reade their second 
 
 this duty, the said doctor, and three sub- service; and it is divided into three parts, 
 
 deacons, doe all goe from the body of the which is acted by them all three, with 
 
 said church unto the west end, being there change of place and many duckings before 
 
 cloathed, according to their order, some in the altar, with divers tones in their voyces, 
 
 scarlet, silke, and fine linnen. They then high and low, and many strange actions by 
 
 bend their course towards the east, every one their hands, now up, then down. This being 
 
 at their first entrance saluting the church ended, the doctor takes the cups from the 
 
 dore with low congies."— Then they " all altar, and delivers them to one of the sub- 
 it M 2 deacons, 
 
268 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Reasons. 
 
 Lady Dud- 
 ley's screen. 
 
 At the hearing of the business relative to these and other charges against 
 the doctor, before a committee appointed for that purpose, it is added, — 
 " Many other things, as bad as these, could have been proved ; but what was 
 then heard, appeared sufficient cause for his removal ; which, the petitioners 
 trust, that honourable assembly, (the House of Commons,) will cause to be 
 done — 
 
 " Especially, when those other weighty affaires of more general concernment 
 are settled ; and particularly in regard, he (Dr. Heywood) doth still persist in 
 his old manner, not reforming any considerable thing : — his altar stands deck't 
 continually, week dayes and all, and mewed up within the screene and rayles 
 as before ; some of the parishioners desiring to receive the sacrament in their 
 pewes, were denied it, and sent away without it ; and hee forceth all to come 
 up to the rayles still as before. In divers of his sermons, since the hearing of 
 this businesse, hee hath, with much bitternesse, inveighed against the petitioners, 
 and at those that goe from their owne parish church, although hee hath so 
 weake a voice, that hee cannot be heard by the one halfe of those that come to 
 church." — " All which premises, well knowne and seriously considered, there 
 can no reason be given by any well affected protestant, to desire his con- 
 tinuance." 
 
 It is worth while, before proceeding to notice the consequences which fol- 
 lowed this complaint, to observe with what ingenuity the petitioners have 
 contrived to pervert and misrepresent facts. The beautiful screen, given by 
 Lady Dudley, being carved with figures of the apostles, is said to have con- 
 tained " crucifixes, and divers images of saints ;" and the organ, which had 
 been sanctioned by immemorial usage, to be " confused musicke, hindering 
 
 devotion." 
 
 deacons, who placeth them upon a side 
 table ; then the doctor kneeleth to the altar, 
 but what he doth we know not, nor what 
 he meaneth by it. This dumbe devotion 
 being ended, and the altar more holy, the 
 cups are returned to him in the same manner 
 as he gave them, which the doctor receives 
 kneeling, &c. The bread being set upon 
 a plate, and some of the wine poured into 
 a bowle, all are covered with a fine linnen 
 cloth, which cloth hath the corners laid in 
 the figure of « a crosse." This being ended, 
 he continues in his dumbe devotion on his 
 knees towards the east, his backe being to- 
 
 wards the people. He then taketh money 
 out of his pocket, and laieth it on the ground 
 for a time, and then he taketh it up and 
 oflFereth it, being on his knees, with a very 
 great bending of his body towards the altar, 
 which gift is reserved in a bason ouely for 
 that use. In tliese dumb devotions of his, 
 the organ plays in a doleful low tune. When 
 this is finished, the doctor begins the conse- 
 cration ; which being ended, the number 
 of beck ings, bowings and bendings, by him 
 and the sub-deacons, before the altar, are 
 impious, ungodly, and abominable to be- 
 hold." 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— PARISH CONCERNS. 269 
 
 devotion." But their infuriate zeal against the doctor is most remarkable in 
 the conclusion of the petition, in which he is censured for inveighing in his 
 sermons against them, although it is added, with a laughable earnestness, to 
 finish the climax of offence, " hee hath so weake a voice, that he cannot be 
 heard by the one halfe of those that come to church." 
 
 Parish Concerns. 
 The following are some of the most curious items, selected from a great Entries from 
 
 Dci,i*isii books 
 
 mass of matter, as to occurrences of a domestic and local nature in the parish, as to various 
 We shall arrange them under different heads. matters. 
 
 £. s. d. 
 1644. — (Dec^) P'' to the coroner for sitting upon the bodye of William Belt - o. 3. o. 
 
 To the man that digged his grave in the highway, and who carried himl ^ 
 
 thither -J"'' 
 
 thither 
 hanged himself 
 
 1647. — P'' the bearers for making a hole, and burying Geo. Chilsay, who"! 
 
 Names of Places. 
 The following entries of premature death, preserve the early names of 
 several places in the parish : — 
 
 1648. — P"* Thomas Brooks, deputy coroner, for viewing the corpse of Eliza--| £_ g^ j, 
 
 beth Otley, and one Grace, who were killed by the fall of the chimney in > o. 6. 8. alley. 
 
 Partridge-alley ------ _____J 
 
 P** the coroner his fee, for viewing one Farmer's child in the Cole-yard,'] ^ „ Cole-yard. 
 
 drowned in a tub of water -------- -j 
 
 1650. — P** the coroner his fee, and other charges, for viewing the corpse ofl 
 
 goodwife Deane, that was stabbed _..--_-/ 
 P*" unto the coroner for sitting upon a dead man, being thrust in the eye"! ^ ^ 
 
 by a footman ------- .--.j 
 
 1652. — P** Mr. Guy, the coroner, for viewing the bodie of one Goddid White,") o fi 8 
 
 that drowned herself ----------J 
 
 P** the same, for sitting on a soldier, that was killed in the watch one night o. 6. 8. 
 
 1657. — P* Mr. Guy, the coroner, for viewing the bodie of a girle in Hogg-lane,\ - _ Hogg-lane. 
 
 that hanged herself --------- -J**' 
 
 P"" and geven to Ann Kinnaston, on whome thehowse fell, and killed one"| 
 
 of her children, for several weekes until she was well - - - -/ ' ' ' 
 1660. — P"* in charge, in inquiring about the deathe of a chikle that p'te of the-| ■. ^ , , 
 
 iimbes were bitt off by a dog or cat, at my Lord of Southampton's house, [> o. 2. 2. 
 
 in Long fields -..-.------} 
 
 iG6i. — P** Guy, coroner, for viewing the bodye of a male childe murthered,\ _ King's Head. 
 
 and layed at the backside of the King's Head inne - - - .j ' ' ^' 
 
 N. B. — This inn was situated in Princes-street. 
 
 1663. 
 
*70 
 
 White Hart. 
 The Beare. 
 
 Maslyn's 
 Pond. 
 
 Smith's and 
 
 Capper's 
 
 Ponds, 
 
 Various 
 ponds in the 
 parish for- 
 merly. 
 
 The Catt. 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 i66s.—F^ Evans, the coroner, for viewing the bod}- which died in the stable"! q' g g 
 
 at the White Hart _._-_---- -J 
 pd White, the coroner, for viewing the body of a man, which received"! ^ fi S 
 
 his death's wound att y' Beare door, in Drury-lane - - _ _/ 
 iGg^. — P*" for return of the coroner's inquest, and for bill of indictment against"! 
 
 Priscilla Owen, for biting her husband's finger, which occasioned his deathJ 
 1644. — Paid to the coroner, for viewing of a body found drowned in Masli/n's-'\ 
 
 porid -------------J 
 
 1695. — Mary Maycock is mentioned to have been drowned this year in 
 Smith's Pond. An entry also occurs of payment to the coroner, "for viewing 
 the body of a child found drowned in Capper's Pond." 
 
 The three ponds here mentioned, were no doubt part of the premises of the 
 respective persons whose names they bear ; but their situation is not to be 
 exactly ascertained. Maslyn's Pond stood in a place called Maslyn's Fields, as 
 appears by an entry of the year 1656. Of Smith's Pond, we know nothing 
 but the name. Capper's Pond was probably situated where part of Bedford- 
 square now stands, as a vestry minute in I7O8, directs, " posts, with spars, to 
 be set up, to range with the posts at Russell-street end, and the post at the 
 gate between Mr. Capper's, and Mr. Hartles." Mr. Capper, who had 
 a meeting-house in the parish (which has been noticed,) must, according to this 
 entry, have lived in Tottenham-court road, between Caroline and Bedford- 
 streets. A number of these ponds or pieces of water, seems to have existed 
 here formerly. Mrs. Doulman's Pond, is mentioned in an entry in the church- 
 warden's accounts in the year 1648. 
 
 Fines; Offences. 
 
 £ s d 
 1640. — (Ocf) P* the coroner for his fee for the escape of a murtherer, the jury"! ' ^' .' 
 
 finding the partie to be slayne in our p'ish - - - _ . _J 
 1641. — Rec' of the vintner at the Ca« in Queene-street, for p'mitting of tipling"! ^ ^^ ^ 
 
 on the Lord's day __»_-_--- -J 
 
 1644 — .Rec' of three poore men, for drinking on the Sabbath dale at Totten-"! q . „ 
 
 ham-court ----------- -J 
 
 Rec' of Mr. Hooper that he had of defaulters in a suspected bawdie"! 
 
 house, on the fast day - - - - - - - - -J 
 
 Rec' of Mr. Richard Bigg, for a fault done by his servant John Roberts o. 1.0. 
 
 1645. — Rec' of John Seagood, constable, which he had of a Frenchman, for\ _ „ „ 
 
 swearing three oathes ----------J''" 
 
 Rec' of Mrs. Thunder, by the hands of Francis Potter, for her being"! 
 
 drunke, and swearing seaven oathes - - - - - - _J ' ' ' 
 
 1645- 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— SACRILEGE— ROBBERY. 
 
 271 
 
 o. 
 
 o. 
 o. 
 o. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 3- 4. 
 
 6. 
 o. 
 
 4. 
 
 5- o. 
 
 o. 11. o. 
 
 o. 
 o. 
 
 o. 
 o. 
 
 5- 
 2. 
 
 4- 
 
 7- 
 
 1645. — P"* to Lewis Dixon, surgeon, for searching a childe founde murthered"! 
 
 in the street ------------J 
 
 1646. — Rec' of Mr. Hooker, for brewing on a fast day _ - _ - 
 ■ Rec' of four men, travelling on the fast day - _ - - - 
 
 Rec' of Mr. Wetherill, headboro,' which he had of one for an oath - 
 
 1648. — Rec' from the citty marshal, sent by the lord mayor, for one that"l 
 
 was drunke at the Forts in our parish ------ -J 
 
 1652. — Rec' of Mr. Huxley, and Mr. Morris, who were riding out of town \v\ 
 
 sermon time on a fast day ._--_-.- -J 
 1654. — Received of William Glover, in Queen-street; and of Isaac Thomas,"! 
 
 a barber, in Holborn, for trimming of bearde on the Lorde's day - -J 
 1655. — Rec' of a mayd taken in Mrs. Jackson's alehouse on the Sabbath day 
 
 Rec' of a Scotchman drinking at Robert Owen's on the Sabbath 
 
 1648. — Rec' from Isabel Johnson, at y° Cole-yard, for drinking on the Sab-"l 
 
 bath day ------.-----J 
 
 1656. — Rec' of Hen. Colewist in Maslyn Fields, for breach of y" Sabbath 
 1658. — Rec*" of Joseph Piers, for refusing to open his doores to have his house"! 
 
 searched on the Lorde's dale ---------J 
 
 1659. Entry of " one Brooke's goods sold for breach of the Sabbath." (The"! 
 
 sum not set down) -_-___-__-/ 
 
 These entries afford no ill specimen of the sort of liberty enjoyed during the 
 reign of puritanism. To drink, ride, or almost walk, seem to have been 
 reckoned criminal, not only on the Lord's-day, but on the fast days appointed 
 by the then ruling powers ; though the latter were mere political regulations, 
 and mostly set apart for invoking Heaven against the Royal cause. 
 
 The following entry does not come strictly under the above head, but may 
 
 be admitted for its quaint and ludicrous character : — 
 
 1648. — " P"" the 17th of Oct' to Justice Killaway's clarke, for the depositions" 
 of Mrs. Greene, midwife, and fower other women, about the Earle of Mon- 
 mouth's cooke, for a bastard childe begotten on the body of a scullery 
 wench." 
 
 o. 10. o. 
 
 d. 
 o. 
 
 Sacrilege ; Robbery. 
 
 1648. Paid to two men, to carry the piece of the pipe of lead, which was"! 
 stolen off the vestry back to church. It was found in Mrs. Doulman's pond J 
 Disburst about the theeves that stole the lead off the church porch - 4. 4:0. 
 
 This robbery appears to have been trifling to the one noticed below, and 
 
 which happened about thirty years afterwards (' ) : — 
 
 1677. 
 
 (') From the London Gazette, from Jan. 
 6 to Jan. 10, 1675 — " Stolen Jan. 4, out of 
 the vestry of the parish church 
 
 Deicription of. 
 
 of St. Giles's in the Fields, four 
 
 neat silver flaggons embossed, double gilt ; 
 two silver plain cups and covers, likewise 
 gilt ; one silver Norway cup embossed, with- 
 out a cover, likewise gilt; one bread chalice 
 
 of 
 
 The Forts. 
 
 Maslyn 
 Fields. 
 
 Puritanical 
 liberty during 
 the Intereg- 
 
272 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Robbery of 
 church plate. 
 
 Transpor- 
 tation of a 
 boy to Bar- 
 badoes. 
 
 Robbery in 
 the hundred 
 of Ossulton. 
 
 The Cove- 
 nant. 
 
 Poll Money. 
 
 Assessment 
 for general 
 Fairfax to 
 nuse troops 
 against the 
 king. 
 
 1677. — Laid out at the Old Bayley when the men were tried wch stole the1 £. s. d. 
 church plate, £.1. 13.7. P"* several expences when Thomas Pitts was 
 taken, which bought the church plate, £. 2. 10. 8. And p"* at the Old Bay- 
 ley when the aforesaid Thomas Pitts took his trial, £. . . . 
 
 Given Elizabeth Meare, by order of vestry, being the party which made\ 
 
 discovery of the fellows which stole the plate ----- -J 
 
 The next are entries as to robberies, in which the parish prosecuted, or was 
 otherwise concerned : — 
 
 1. o. 
 
 1657. — Paid to Mr. Robert Panton the elder, for transporting of one William"! 
 
 Connewag, a boye, to the Barbadoes; and for charges about him - J 
 1667. — P* John Cromwell, being so much rated upon the parish for a robbery"! 
 
 committed in this county - - -- - - . _ -J 
 
 1690. — P* on the account of this parish, which it had to raise and pay as its! 
 
 share, assessed on it in satisfaction of £. 1,000 and upwards, a certain person I 
 
 £. 
 1. 
 
 d. 
 o. 
 
 was robbed of in the hundred of Ossulton 
 
 I 
 
 o. 17. 4. 
 
 59. :o. o. 
 
 Political Events, ^c. 
 
 1642. — Paid for four books of New Orders, made by the Convocation House - 
 
 Paid for coppeing and ingrossinge 3 books of the names of the con-"l 
 
 victed recusants within the parish, and o' charges incident - - _J 
 
 P* for coppying and ingrossing the names of those that tooke the late"! 
 
 protestation ---------- _J 
 
 1645. — Paid for the Covenant, and a frame to put itt in, to hang up in the"! 
 
 church ._-_---___-./ 
 
 1647. — Paid for a board to hang on a declaration ; also for a frame for the"! 
 
 penal statutes for the church --------.) 
 
 1642. — P* to the ringers when his Ma"' came from Scotland _ . _ 
 
 The next two entries regard political events which followed : — 
 
 1642. — P* for writing several books of the poll money, for statute books,"! 
 
 proclamations, and orders concerning of the same, &,c. - - - -J 
 
 1645. — Paid to John Powell, for writing our division of the assessment for Sir"! 
 
 Thomas Fairfax 
 
 -; 
 
 £. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 0. 
 
 2. 
 
 8. 
 
 0. 
 
 10. 
 
 3- 
 
 0. 
 
 4- 
 
 0. 
 
 0. 
 
 4- 
 
 3- 
 
 0. 
 
 3- 
 
 0. 
 
 0. 
 
 6. 
 
 8. 
 
 £. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 0. 
 
 4- 
 
 0. 
 
 0. 
 
 2. 
 
 0. 
 
 This assessment was raised towards supporting the army under Fairfax, sent 
 out to oppose the King's Irish troops, chiefly composed of Roman Catholics, 
 and who were completely routed, with great slaughter. The battle of Naseby, 
 which followed soon after, destroyed the last remains of the Royal authority. 
 
 1646. 
 
 of silver, likewise gilt. — If any person can 
 make discovery of the aforesaid plate, and 
 give speedy notice thereof to Mr. Henry 
 Rogers, or Mr. William Matthews, church- 
 
 wardens of the aforesaid parish of St. Giles 
 in the Fields, they shall have forty pounds 
 for their reward." — N. B. The church plate 
 was again stolen, May 3, 1804. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— EMINENT PREACHERS. 273 
 
 1646. — P* at Westminster for drawing a petition to the army to have the divi-\ ' ^' ' thVannv* 
 dend for taxes abated ----------J 
 
 This application, and the receipt noticed in the next entry, were made 
 during the interval that the army usurped the powers of government, and 
 ordered the city to be fortified : — ■ 
 
 .16—. Rec' of Richard Bigg, Esq. (formerly paid by Mr. John Hyde, then-j £. «. d. 
 churchwarden) for taking off and seting up againe the chaines and locks 
 froin the poust (post,) for the fortification, by order of the committy of " *• ^' °' 
 militia, the some of--- ------- 
 
 The fortification, here mentioned, stood at the west end of St. Giles's Parish for- 
 High-street. The Restoration is thus noticed in a subsequent entry : — 
 
 1659. — P** for ringing on the day that the excluded members returned to the"l ' ' * 
 
 house -------------J 
 
 Eminent Preachers. 
 
 From Mr. Evelyn's Diary, I672, Oct. 27.] — " I went to hear that famous Mr. Evelyn, 
 preacher. Dr. Frampton, at St. Giles's. This divine had been twice at Jeru- Dr. Framp- 
 salem ; and was not only a pious and holy man, but excellent in the pulpit." ^°"* 
 
 Dr. Frampton, here mentioned, was afterwards Dean of Gloucester, and 
 subsequently its bishop. As chaplain to the Earl of Elgin, he preached the 
 funeral sermon of that nobleman's sister, the Countess Dowager of Devon, 
 widow of William, the third Earl. 
 
 1675. — Ordered, by a session of the peace for the county of Middlesex, 
 groun?tfcd. on a petition of the Right Hon. the Marquis of Winchester, and 
 many of the gentry and others, inhabitants of the parish of St. Giles's, that 
 a survey be taken of the yearly value of houses in that parish. 
 
 1()98. — Vestry ordered certain damages to be repaired at Bloomsbury chapel, 
 occasioned by a violent storm of wind this year. 
 
 1704. — Ordered, that Dr. Gibson (afterwards Bishop of London,) with other Dr. Gibson, 
 candidates, should preach for the lectureship of this parish. 
 
 1702. — A committee appointed to wait on Dr. Lambert, and to return him the 
 thanks of the inhabitants of this parish, for his sermon preached on the last 
 thanksgiving-day in our church ; and to desire him to print it. 
 
 1726. — A complaint was made this year, of the clerk of the market of the 
 King's household, for extortion, in receiving extravagant sums of money, 
 under the pretence of examining weights and measures. 
 
 N N 1670. 
 
27-* 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Church bell 
 at 5 o'clock 
 in the morn- 
 ing. 
 
 Antiquity 
 and nature 
 of vestry. 
 
 Regulations 
 as to. 
 
 Protest of 
 a vestryman. 
 
 1670. — Ordered, tliat the sexton, for the future, do cause a bell to be rung-i 
 exactly at the hour of 5 o'clock in the morning, and 9 at night, and to have \ — ^ 
 ios. quarterly for such duty ---------J 
 
 Vestry. 
 
 The management of this parish is intrusted to a vestry, which is select by 
 prescription ; and consists of the rector, churchwardens, and thirty-six other 
 persons, being resident householders therein. 
 
 Its existence and powers are confirmed by episcopal mandate, 27 April 1628, 
 which contains the various regulations as to their constitution, qualifications, 
 and government, and by which they were empowered " to doe and exercise all 
 thinges belonging to vestriemen, for the good and benefit of their church, and 
 parish." The nature of the parish business they had to direct, their mode of 
 managing it, and other particulars, are subsequently set forth in an answer to 
 the Bishop's mandate, dated 1635. Vacancies, in case of death or removal, are 
 filled up by the surviving or continuing members. 
 
 1637.— Messrs. Hopes, the churchwardens, being requested to " consult of 
 and propound to vestry, certain orders for the better governing of the vestry 
 busyness and meetings ; " — a set of directions were drawn up and agreed 
 on, as well for their own internal regulation, as for the conduct of the parish 
 officers in general. The following are entries as to the rules &c. to be ob- 
 served by the vestry itself : those as to the different officers, will be seen when 
 we come to treat of them. 
 
 1630. — Vestrymen, not attending on notice left by the clerk, or sending lawful 
 excuse, to forfeit 6 s. 8 c?. 
 
 1637. — Any vestryman blaspheming the holy name of God, cursing, swearing, 
 or otherwise indecently behaving himself, to have, for the second fact, the 
 penalty of the lawes imposed upon him. 
 
 1664. — Every vestryman to subscribe ten shillings towards buying a velvet 
 pall for the use of the poor ; which pall themselves and their families should 
 be intitled to have the use of at their deaths ; and such as refused to subscribe, 
 to be denied the benefit of the same. 
 
 1665. — Rec' of Mr. Drurye, for the use of the pall - - AOs. 
 
 1713. — The minutes of a former vestry not having been signed at the time, 
 were confirmed at this vestry. 
 
 1760. — A protest of three vestrymen not permitted to be entered on the 
 minutes. 
 
 1783. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— ACCOUNT OF VESTRY. 27^ 
 
 1783. — A protest of Dr. Smythe, rector, not permitted to be entered on 
 the minutes. 
 
 1785.— Mr. Charles Harris having ceased to be a householder, another was 
 this year elected vestryman in his stead. 
 
 1806. — Opinion of vestry : That in future no gentleman become a vestry- 
 man of this parish, during the time of his serving the office of churchwarden 
 thereof. 
 
 The following are the names of some distinguished inhabitants, and the Appointment 
 dates when they were appointed vestrymen : — ^ 
 
 {Names of Vestrymen.'} 
 
 1618. (Sept. 9.) — Sir Lewis Lewknor. See Lewknor's-lane. 
 
 Sir William Segar, Garter King at Arms, &c. 
 
 Hamond Claxton, Esq. the donor of one of the fine painted windows 
 
 to the church. 
 
 1622. (Aug. 29.) — Lawrence Whiiaker, a liberal contributor towards 
 building the second church. 
 
 1623 (July 22.) — Abraham Speckart, Esq. a liberal benefactor to the parish, 
 to which he gave ground to enlarge the church-yard. For further particulars 
 of the above, see account of rebuilding the church, &c. 
 
 1661 (May 16.) — John Fotherley, Esq. the proprietor of the garden after- 
 wards converted into King-street, Drury-lane. 
 
 1669 (Dec. 23.) — Henry Holford, son of the donor of the Princes-street 
 estate. 
 
 1669- Humphry Weld, Esq. See Art. " Weld House." 
 
 I66-. — William Shelton, Esq. the devisor of the Parker-lane estate, and 
 founder of the free-school there called after his name. 
 
 1682. — Sir William Geery, and Sir Clement Armiger, Knts. ; many years 
 magistrates for the county of Middlesex. 
 
 1692. — The Earl of Tlianet, of Thanet-house, Great Russell-street. — 
 N. B. Chosen instead of Sir Thomas Kensey. 
 
 1699. — Richard Dyot, Esq. proprietor of the estate on the site of Dyot- 
 street ; to which latter he gave name. 
 
 I7SI. (May 3.) — Messrs. Benbrig and Buckridge; gave name to Bainbrig 
 and Buckridge-streets, of which they were owners. 
 
 N N 2 
 
276 
 
 Sequestra- 
 tion of ves- 
 trymen. 
 
 Historical 
 account of 
 vestry. 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 [^Sequestration of Vestrymen.~\ 
 
 iQ^j. John Larchen sequestred from the vestry until such time as he 
 
 should be there called again. The cause is not stated. 
 
 1691. (April 22.) — Sir Clement Armiger, a member of this vestry, being 
 superannuated, and having lost his sight, and being incapable of attending 
 
 the vestry ; — 
 
 Thomas Owen, gent, was elected a vestryman in his stead. 
 1691. (Nov. 12.) — The last election was mentioned, and Sir Clement Armi- 
 ger thinking himself prejudiced thereby, had desired the same might be 
 annulled, which was done. (") 
 
 During the Usurpation, it does not appear that any appointment of vestry- 
 men took place. This is not extraordinary, when it is considered that 
 the then vestry were by the puritans honoured with the title of the rector's 
 (Dr. Heywood) creatures, who had no doubt sufficient difficulty in protecting 
 their parochial rights against the violence of those reformers ; but which they 
 appear to have done, except as to the spoliation of their church ornaments, 
 and filling up vacancies in their own body. Upon the Restoration, their first 
 care was to fill up and perfect their numbers, and to re-elect a sexton, who, 
 a few years before, had, as they conceived, been irregularly elected by the 
 influence of their obtrusive rector, Thomas Case. 
 
 Dec. 21, 1681. — By the following entry in the minutes, it appears that some 
 of the inhabitants at this time, were not quite satisfied with the number and 
 constitution of the vestry : — 
 
 " Whereas Mr. John Morris, and Mr. Nathaniel Chandler, in behalf of 
 themselves, and divers other inhabitants, have requested of the vestry, that 
 some addition or alteration may be made to the present vestry ; the vestry upon 
 debate thereof, doe order, — That the said John Morris and Nathaniel Chandler, 
 and the rest, do give in writing their desires touching the premises at the next 
 vestry, to be considered of. And it is further ordered, that there be a summons 
 for timely notice to Mr. Dean Sharpe, and likewise to all vestrymen, to desire 
 them to meet at a time certain at the vestry house ; and that intimation be 
 given in the summons, of the occasion of that meeting." 
 
 Whether 
 
 ('") N. B. — There not being any piece- removal, the said election of Thomas Owen 
 dent in the minute-booi<s of the vestry was revoked and vacated, and Sir Clement 
 dismissing any member, but in case of was reinstated as a vestryman. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— ACCOUNT OF VESTRY. 277 
 
 Whether these advocates for innovation afterwards discovered that the 
 vestry, which had, as shewn, been time out of mind by custom and established 
 usage invested with extensive authorities for the government of the parish, 
 could neither increase their original number of thirty-six, nor with safety make 
 any other alteration, does not appear. But some such reason did, in all proba- 
 bility occur, for they did not afterwards make any further application to vestry 
 on the subject. 
 
 The commissioners for building fifty new churches, caused one to be erected Separation of 
 near Bloomsbury-market ; and on the 8th of March a select vestry was buMng"* 
 appointed for the new parish, consisting of an equal number of members with ^jj^^^""^ 
 that of St. Giles. From this period the powers of the vestry of the old parish 
 were narrowed ; but how far was a subject of doubt for many years afterwards. 
 The provisions contained in the several acts of Parliament, and other instru- 
 ments giving authority to the vestry of the new parish, as also the proceedings 
 of its vestry, will be noticed hereafter. 
 
 1733. (April 27.) — A committee was appointed to treat with a committee of Proceedings 
 the vestry of the new parish, on any matters that might occur relative to the ^ *°* 
 two parishes. The matters then referred to were productive of repeated dis- 
 cussion, and which, in the year 1739, assumed a hostile shape. For, on the 
 23d of April that year, an application was made by the vestry of the new 
 parish, to the vestry of the old one, for a formal meeting of the two vestries, in 
 order to ascertain the monies and rates to be assessed within the limits of the 
 old parish, pursuant to a clause in the act 10 Anne. But the vestry of the old 
 parish declined such meeting ; being of opinion, that the officers and vestry of 
 that parish were not obliged to meet; for that the clause alluded to in such act, 
 seems only to give them power, iftJiey should think Jit to iLse it. And directions 
 were given for appointing the officers, and making the rates (over both 
 parishes) as usual. 
 
 The vestry of St. George Bloomsbury having resolved to resist the scaven- Bloomsbury 
 ger's rate, made by the vestry and officers of St. Giles's, and to try by a feigned '^^*""y- 
 issue the point in debate between the parishes ; the vestry of the latter parish, 
 under the advice of Serjeant Wynne, declined such trial, and ordered that all 
 officers of that parish who should assist in collecting and levying the scaven- 
 ger's rates in St. George Bloomsbury, should be indemnified at the charge of 
 the parish of St. Giles. And a rate for that purpose was accordingly made 
 
 on 
 
378 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 on the inhabitants of St. Giles, including that part of the parish then called 
 Bloomsbury. 
 
 On the 13th Dec. 1739, a committee was appointed to treat with a committee 
 of the vestry of St. George Bloomsbury, and to settle about the scavenger's 
 rates, and also as to considerable demands made on behalf of the latter parish 
 on the joint stock ; — when, after long discussion, all matters in difference were 
 (for that time) amicably adjusted to the satisfaction of both vestries ; and the 
 scavengers, and other rates, were agreed to extend over both parishes, as 
 usual. 
 
 The construction of the several acts of Parliament, by virtue whereof the 
 parish of St. George Bloomsbury was created ; — the powers of each vestry, 
 whilst acting in its own separate capacity ; — and the separate interest of each 
 parish (or rather portion of the old district,) were for nearly forty years the 
 subjects of frequent discussion, which was not always carried on in the most 
 amicable manner ; the object of the mother parish appearing to be, to keep the 
 daughter in leading strings, whilst the latter, like other young ladies, sighed 
 for emancipation. 
 
 3d Dec. (1771.) — A proposal was received from the vestry of St. George 
 Bloomsbury, for a partial separation of the two parishes, relative to the nightly 
 watch, which was referred to the joint vestry. 
 
 17th Dec. (same year.) — Upon a proposition of St. George Bloomsbury's 
 vestry, in their separate capacity, it was resolved, by St. Giles's vestry, 
 unanimously; — 
 
 " That any meeting of the vestries in separate capacities, for the purpose of 
 considering of any application to Parliament for powers to rate the inhabitants 
 of their parishes to any parochial rate, is contrary to the customs and usages 
 of these parishes, and to the intent and meaning of the statutes for establishing 
 their united interests." 
 
 1772. (Jan. 3.) — The vestry of Bloomsbury having resolved to proceed in an 
 application to Parliament, to obtain an act for establishing a nightly watch 
 within that parish, it was by the vestry of St. Giles resolved, — " That any 
 attempt of a select vestry to separate two parishes united by law, is dishonour- 
 able and unjustifiable." Other resolutions of a like import, couched in strong 
 terms, were passed ; and a committee was appointed to oppose the intended 
 application. 
 
 17th 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— ACCOUNT OF VESTRY. 27d 
 
 17th of July, same year, the committee reported, "That upon an investigation Further pro- 
 into the customs and usages of the two parishes, by a committee of the House ^* 
 
 of Commons, it was resolved, that in levying the watch-rate, the two parishes 
 should be considered as one parish, in like manner as they are in collecting the 
 the poor and church-rates. And that the bill had been altered accordingly.'* 
 
 The several acts for the support and management of the poor, and for 
 paving, cleansing, watching and lighting the two parishes, having removed all 
 doubts as to the powers of the separate vestries, and the probability of their 
 interests being separated, and it appearing to vestry, that the estate in Parker's- 
 lane, with other estates and donations, were given tOj or in trust for, this 
 parish, long before the passing of certain acts of Parliament, made in the 9th 
 and 10th years of the reign of Queen Anne, by virtue whereof the parish of 
 St. George Bloomsbury was, (so far as relates to spiritual purposes only,) taken 
 out of and separated from the rest of this parish, it was resolved, " That at the 
 " times of such devises and donations being made, and at this time, the parish 
 " of St. Giles-in-the-fields, and that of St. George Bloomsbury, were and are 
 " one parish or district, for all temporal purposes j and that the said devises 
 •' and donations were intended to be for the benefit of the whole district, 
 " which before the passing of the said acts, did form the parish of St. Giles- 
 •* in-the-fields." This vestry is therefore of opinion, and do hereby 
 " declare, — 
 
 " That all devises, donations and bequests whatsoever, made to or in trust for Regulations 
 the poor, or for any other parochial purposes of the parish of St. Giles-in-the of st. Giles 
 fields, previously to the passing of the said acts, were so made, and are for the '^"^ Blooms- 
 benefit and advantage of this parish, and that of St. George Bloomsbury, in 
 such and the like manner as if the said acts had not been passed : — And 
 
 " Resolved, That the said several estates, funds and donations, with the 
 rents, interest, dividends and produce thereof, be in future under the manage- 
 ment of the said joint vestry j due caution being observed to prevent rever- 
 sions and forfeitures." (") 
 
 (") The following are miscellaneous en- " 1650. — Paid to John Hewine, 
 tries, as to the vestry. — The first, which is for dressing of meate, and for 
 for a vestry dinner, in 1650, is curious, as bread beer and rost beafe for 
 shewing the then comparative cheapness of the vestry - - - 
 provisions :— Xh 
 
 £. s. d. 
 — 6 6" 
 
280 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH J 
 
 Church- 
 wardens. 
 
 M 
 
 Parish Officers. 
 
 Churchwardens.— Their duties, &c. are set forth in a visitation made 
 1498, which enjoins them to be "wel chosen every yere, aftyr the maner of 
 the chirche," and to make " every yere a ful and playne accompte of the 
 receptys and paymentys by them during their wardenship ; and also to render 
 compte at the tyme of chesyne other wardeynes of the landys, tenementys, 
 juellys and money longyng to holy chirche." For this purpose " a ful and 
 clyere inventory of the goodys and landys" entrusted to their care, was to be 
 furnished by them to their successors, on their quitting office, that it might be 
 seen " that the chyrch goodys were wel kept, and that ne londys nor tenementys 
 were let to certayne persones, frendys or kennesfolke, for lesse somme than 
 they be worth yerly," &c. They were also to see that " good provysyon was 
 made for the prestyes and clarkys that ben retayned for the chyrche, that none 
 of them attended in foul and unclenly surplesys," and generally they were to 
 look to "the due mayntenyng of Goddy's servyce." 
 
 Among the additional duties and charge which have devolved on these 
 officers in more modern times, as mentioned in the regulations for this parish, 
 are the following : — 
 
 1638. — The upper warden to disburse to the monthly officers all monies 
 ordered to be disbursed for parish prosecutions. Same year, their consent, 
 with that of vestry, declared necessary before the overseer can enter the 
 names of any new pensioners on the pension book; and all gift money ordered 
 to be paid over by the overseers to them, and they to account to parish for 
 same. 
 
 1697. — It was ordered, that " no work should be done about the church 
 
 by direction of the churchwardens, amounting to above 40*. without notice 
 
 given to at least three members of vestry." 
 
 1724. 
 
 The next entries are of a similar na- 
 ture: — 
 
 " 1662. — Paid Mr. Bray for bread 1 
 and drinke, and other accoin- £ 
 modation for the vestrymen, at 
 the times they have been rating ~ 
 the parish books, for the whole 
 year - . . . ,^ 
 
 d. 
 4 
 
 "1662. — PaidandexpendedatMr."! 
 Glover's, forbreade and drinke I ^• 
 and wine, and other accommo \ 
 dations forthe vestrymen, when 
 the three months tax was sealed-' 
 
 " 1663. — Paid at a dinner, when! 
 they went to Hickeshail about J^— 
 thehouse in the Bowling-greenJ 
 
 s. d. 
 
 12 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— PARISH OFFICERS. «81 
 
 1724. — It was declared, " that no churchwarden should be capable of being 
 a vestryman till after his accounts be examined and approved by vestry." 
 
 N.B. — Mr. Marriot (master of the workhouse here,) in 1729, left a sum of 
 money to buy gowns for the use of the churchwardens, if they would wear 
 them, which we do not find, however, that they ever did. 
 
 Sidesmen. — 1638. — The two sidesmen (elsewhere called swornemen and Sidesmen, 
 synodmen) are directed " to attend with the churchwardens at the communion, 
 to carry up the wine, that the bearers and other mean persons be not employed 
 in so high an office." They were also, with the churchwardens (the parson 
 consenting thereto,) to collect the dutyes for burialls, and to pay the parson 
 and clerk their dues out of the same ; also " to go along with the clarke, each 
 in his turn, to assist him in taking the names, for the purpose of collecting the 
 Easter offerings." 
 
 1717- — It was ordered, that no person should be chosen sidesman without 
 the approbation of vestry. They are, in fact, chosen by the past warden from 
 their own body. 
 
 OvERSEEUs OF THE PooR. — These are first directed to be so called by the act Overseers. 
 43 Eliz ; though in this parish they are not named as overseers till after 1620. 
 A vestry minute of that year notices the appointment of them under the deno- 
 mination of •' four collectors of the poor," and who were to be renewed annually. 
 In 1631 they are termed "overseers." 
 
 1638. — Agreeably to regulations made by vestry for their government, it 
 was ordered, " that the overseers of the poor, should receive only such monye 
 of the inhabitants of the parish, as they are rated at in a book confirmed by his 
 Ma"" justices of the peace, and should pay the pensions of the poor according 
 to such book ;" and other monies they were to pay over to the church- 
 wardens according to a former order ; and if they refused to perform such 
 order, " the disposeing of such monies should not be allowed upon their 
 accounts." ('*) 
 
 1649. — The whole receipts of the overseers, for this now great parish, were 
 only £. 176. 5 s. 9d. out of which they disbursed £. 173. 3 s. 4)d. in various 
 items, agreeably to their office. The amazing increase in the receipt and ex- 
 penditure for the present day may be easily imagined. 
 
 In 
 
 ('*) And in 1689, £.3. 12s. 6d. was ac- been paid by the overseers without the 
 cordingiy disallowed in an account present- knowledge of the churchwardens." , ' 
 
 ed by them to vestry ; " so much having 
 
 i 
 
 Oo 
 
 , 
 
 ■^ 
 
282 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 In 1673, siT overseers were appointed ; in I678, seven ditto j in 1680, eight 
 overseers were appointed j and in 1682 their number was increased to nine ; 
 they were still further increased to eleven in I690j reduced to nine again in 
 1691 ; and in 1693 were once more raised to eleven. Their number at present 
 is, for the two parishes, twelve. 
 
 1692. — It was ordered, that the overseers should make a return of persons 
 chosen to serve such office for the next year, that only those properly qualified 
 might be elected. And, 1709, it was forbidden to chuse any tradesman to 
 serve the office of overseer, who had not previously passed through those of 
 surveyor'of the highways, scavenger, or headborough. 
 Head- Headboroughs AND CONSTABLES. — The number of constables for this parish, 
 
 boroughs and jj^ ^}jg yg^r 1630, seems to have been only three ; it being ordered by vestry, 
 on account of the entertainment to be given to bishop Laud, at the consecra- 
 tion of the new church, that " the three constables, with their headboroughs, 
 be appointed, and to bring with them, every one, eight substantial wardens, with 
 bills and halberds, to keep the church gates and fences from the presse of 
 people." 
 
 1706. — The foreman of the leet jury is desired to move the court, that 
 another constable and two headboroughs be added, for the first and second 
 divisions of the parish ; and the vestrymen of those divisions to set out those 
 divisions in three parts. In I7O8, the "New View of London" states the 
 number of headboroughs for this parish to be eight. 
 
 The following are some of the names of some of the persons holding the 
 office of high constable, with the dates of their appointment : — 
 
 1645. — Mr. Bringhurst, (the first mentioned in the books) ; I66O, Robert 
 Bessy ; 1662, Mr. Nelson, on the resignation of Bessy ; he was also in office in 
 1685 and 1687; 1 688, Mr. Harris ; 1692, Mr. Lynnej and 1695 and I70O, 
 Mr. Nathaniel Chandler. 
 
 Watchmen. Watchmen. — These appear to have been formerly armed with halberds, 
 instead of staves, and rattles, as per the following entry : — 
 
 " 1646. — P* and given to Lyn, and two watchmen, in consideration"! a^. *. d. 
 of their paines, and the breaking of ij halberts, in taking the twoj' 1. 4. 0." 
 
 drunkards and swearers y' p** J 
 
 1673. — Divers regulations were made this year about the number and pay 
 
 of watchmen, and about accounting to the parish for any overplus. The 
 
 same 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— PARISH OFFICERS. 283 
 
 same year fifteen walking, and five standing watchmen, were ordered for the • 
 the division of the old town only. 
 
 1684. — The standing watchmen ordered to attend, and assist with the engine, 
 at all fires ; and to convey the engine home again ; " they being most proper, 
 as always ready." — See more under head " Watching." 
 
 Beadles. — The principal object of the beadles attention in this parish in Beadles, 
 former times was, to notice and report the introduction of the numerous strange 
 poor, who flocked from Ireland and other countries hither. This will appear 
 from the following entries : — 
 
 1637. — Ordered, that the beadles do present every Sunday fortnight, the 
 names of all new comers, undersitters, inmates, divided tenements, per- 
 sons that have families in cellars, and other abuses. — To be dismissed for 
 neglect. 
 
 1638. — To bring into vestry every month, the names of such persons as have 
 watched every night the month before ; and also of such as have made default. 
 And to bring in the names of the sev'rall ^sons they receive monies from quar- 
 terly, that due warding may be kept. 
 
 But more as to the duties and office of beadle, and also as to the appointment 
 of an assistant beadle, will be seen in the account of the poor. 
 
 1749. — It was ordered, that no more than 31. 15s. should be allowed yearly 
 for the beadle's hat, coat and stockings. 
 
 Sexton. — The first mention of the sexton, by name, in the existing parish Sexton. 
 records, is during the plague year, 1643 ; but it was of all offices one of the most 
 antient, and no doubt existed immemorially in the parish. 
 
 1670. — The following curious agreement was made, as to the sexton's resi- 
 dence next the churchyard, this year ; viz. " The sexton having petitioned 
 that the lights made by him into the churchyard from his additional building 
 to his dwelling house, be allowed to remain (during pleasure only ;) it is agreed 
 to, on condition that he give, as an acknowledgement to the rector and church- 
 wardens, yearly, on the Tuesday se'nnight after Easter, two good fat capons, 
 ready dress' d." 
 
 1683. — A particular account was ordered to be made of the profits of the 
 sexton's place, and they were estimated at 5^. 135. I75. 6d. per annum. Several 
 payments were in consequence ordered out of his money, to the amount of 
 551. per annum ; and four additional pew openers to be kept from it. 
 
 O o 2 Parish 
 
 4 
 
284 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Vestry Clerk. 
 
 Parish Clerk. PARISH Clerk, ("). — 1623.— James Robinson, parish clerk, was this year 
 chosen clerk of the works in building the new church. His duties as such are 
 specified in the vestry minute, 1638. — Among other regulations, clerk was 
 not to take bond of any pson or ^sons for discharge of the parish, without 
 acquainting the churchwardens therewith ; nor to collect his wages in vestry, 
 but to go to the sev" houses of the pisshioners to receive same, unless they 
 please to pay it him. 
 
 Vestry Clerk. — The time of the first appointment of a vestry clerk for this 
 parish seems uncertain. An order in vestry, in 1630, directs the vestrymen 
 to be fined for non-attendance, if duly summoned by " the clerk ;" but it is 
 not said, whether the parish or vestry clerk is meant. Perhaps there was not 
 then any regular appointment. 
 
 Anno 1640. — The sum of 35. 6d. is entered as paid to "Mr. Smyth, the 
 scrivenor, for writing some parish business." And as will be seen by what 
 follows, it is probable payments were only made at first for business done. 
 
 1657, — No vestry clerk appointed. — Mr. Robinson, the parish clerk, is men- 
 tioned this year as being paid for copying of bonds and indentures. Entries 
 for writing parish business also occui' afterwards. 
 
 1659. — Mr. Chomley is mentioned as being paid for copying schedules for 
 the parish, writing a copy of the poor's book, and other parish business this 
 year. 
 
 1666. — Mr. Stanislaus Bowes. He is first mentioned as being paid for 
 writing the parish business, but afterwards signs himself "vestry clerk." 
 
 N.B. — There have succeeded to this situation eight gentlemen, from the 
 death of Mr. Bowes to the present time. 
 
 Surveyors of Highways. — 1654. — Nine persons were chosen as " surveyors 
 for the highways of Gyles-in-the-Fields, according to the direcon of an 
 ordinance made by his highness the Lord Protector, and his councell." 
 
 Scavengers, &c. — I67I. — Ordered, that a committee, with a scavenger of 
 each division of the parish, do attend the right honourable William earl of 
 
 Craven, 
 
 Surveyors of 
 Highways. 
 
 Scavengers. 
 
 ("') ClericusSacerdotis. — This office is very 
 antient. By the old constitutions a parish 
 clerk was to take au oath to the parish priest ; 
 and was sometimes maintained as a menial 
 servaDt to the vicar. They were formerly to 
 
 be men of letters, and to teach school in the 
 parish ; and were sometimes elected by the 
 parishioners, on whose contributions they 
 were to live. — Kennet. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS— PARISH OFFICERS— CHURCH, &c. 285 
 
 Craven, and the rest of the commissioners, concerning the scavengership 
 of the parish. 
 
 1679. — Windsor Sands was agreed with for the scavengership, for eleven 
 years at 6^.700 a-year. Nothing said of taking away house dirt, dust, &c. ; 
 and Cock and Pye Fields not then built. 
 
 1687. — Sir Thomas Rowe, and others, were agreed with to clean the streets, 
 having the whole rate after the poor were struck out. 
 
 1690. — Another agreement was made with Mr. Burrard for a^.740 
 a-year ; and 
 
 1699. — A second agreement with the same, and one Scaife, for £ 900 
 a-year. — See more under head " Cleansing" 
 
 Of the other parish officers here, which include the organist, medical attend- Organist, &c. 
 ants, bearers, door-keepers, belfry-keepers, &c. we find nothing sufficiently 
 curious for insertion, except the following entries as to the apothecary : 
 
 1728. — John Ball, chosen apothecary, but to give bond to hold three years. Doctor. 
 
 1729. — " Ball turned out, for cutting off and carrying away the arms and 
 breast-bone of a poor woman, who dyed in the workhouse, to one who finishes 
 skeletons : — And it was declared by vestry, that all such offenders, without 
 leave first obtained, should be immediately discharged, and a reward of £A0 
 paid to the informer." 
 
 The Church, ^c. 
 
 1678. — William Wheatly, carpenter, ordered to survey the church. Portals Church, &c. 
 to be made to its three doors, to keep out the wind and rain. The windows 
 to be cleaned, church whitewashed, &c. 
 
 I68O. — a^.200 ordered to be raised by an Easter book, towards repairs. 
 
 1687. — A case was directed to be drawn up, for the opinion of Mr. Attorney 
 General, whether a rate could be made for raising the steeple higher, as well 
 for conveniency as ornament ? 
 
 1711. — The first representation made to the commissioners of churches, 
 as to the decayed state of St. Giles's church. And 12 April 1715, a state- 
 ment of the reparations wanting to be done, was drawn up, preparatory to an 
 application to Parliament, for assistance towards such needful reparation, or to 
 rebuild it. 
 
 The further particulars as to the building of the present church, have been 
 
 already 
 
286 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 already given. — N.B. It was last repaired and furnished in 1820, at an expence 
 of £. 1,640. 
 
 Pews, Vaults, Pews, Vaults, &c. — 1673 and I676. — Vestry made two orders of these dates, 
 *^' as to the providing of a minister to supply the place constantly, {query, the 
 
 lectureship?) in order to induce the gentry, who absented themselves from 
 church, to return to their pews : and also, to the enlarging and improving of 
 the galleries, for their better accommodation. Various entries occur after this 
 period, of payments for pews let to great people. 
 
 Rector's As to the rector's pews, it was ordered, 167-5, "That the benefit of the 
 
 ^^*" pews in the middle isle of the church, from the step or rise of the pulpit to 
 
 the chancel, and of the burials within or under the same, should be given to 
 Dr. Sharpe, as long as he should continue rector." This order was in I69I, 
 repeated in favour of his successor, Dr. Scott ; and 1694, vestry ordered, that 
 the clerk and sexton should account to Dr. Scott's widow, for the pews and 
 funerals given to the rector ; apparently recording the profits thereof as a gift 
 emanating from them, and continuable only during pleasure. This custom 
 gave rise to a dispute afterwards, in the case of Dr. Baker, when five vestry- 
 men protested against it, for the following reasons : 1st, Because of right they 
 don't belong to the rector ; 2d, Because vestry, being select, had no right to 
 give them away ; and, 3d, Because those revenues were applicable to church 
 purposes only, and could not by order of vestry be diverted to any other use. 
 — We may presume, however, that this protest had no effect, from an order of 
 vestry made the following year — 
 
 " That on rebuilding St. Giles's church. Dr. Baker should have the same 
 pews and privileges as in the old church j and also the like in Bloomsbury 
 chuich, until the old one be rebuilt ; and also to be satisfied by the parish out 
 of the pews or otherwise, in Bloomsbury church, for his loss of burials in the 
 chancel, whilst the old church is rebuilding." And 1734, on the new church 
 being built, it was further ordered, " That on account of part of the ground 
 which did belong to the rector, in the old church, and of same being left out 
 in the new one, that part of the vaults next the east end, and extending to the 
 outside of the second pillar westward, should be apportioned off, at the cost of 
 the rector, for the property of him and his successors." 
 
 Church Plate Church Goods. — 1622. — Upon request of the lady Dudley, that special care 
 
 Lady Dudley, should be had from time to time by the vestry, of the church goods given for 
 
 holy 
 
MISCELLANEOUS— CHURCH GOODS, &c. 28? 
 
 holy uses, and most part whereof were the said lady's gift, so that they might 
 be preserved to future ages, it was ordered, " that the churchwardens should 
 thenceforward be bound to two of the vestry, in a sufficient sum, with a con- 
 dition to the said bond annexed, for the safe and decent keeping of the church 
 goods, not putting them to any common use ; and for their re-delivery without 
 wilful waste, spoyle or loss, into the vestry of the church, upon reasonable 
 request to them for that purpose." 
 
 1640. — P* for a new coffin (i. e. chest,) for the church, 10^. Church 
 
 1663. — P"" to George Durant, for gilding the hour glasse and branch, 185. sooils. 
 
 The use of the hour glass in the pulpit, was continued later than this period, 
 as an entry occurs in I67O, of a charge for " one houre glass for the pulpitt, 
 and an iron frame for the same to stand on." The circumstance of gilding 
 the hour glass is curious. 
 
 1670. — In the inventory of church goods this year, is mentioned, " Two in- 
 struments of parchment concerning the dutyes of the church ; the one dated 
 1527, the other dated 24th August I627." 
 
 It is to be regretted that both these documents are lost, as they would, more 
 particularly the earliest dated one, have acquainted us with many things con- 
 cerning the original hospital church. 
 
 1676. — A new pulpit ordered to be built this year with all possible expe- 
 dition. 
 
 1729. — A new clock was set up on the church steeple, the expence of which, 
 with fixing, was £. 102. 5 s. The former church clock had been set up in 
 1686. 
 
 1698. — The sum of a^. 166. 145. \d. was collected towards repairing the 
 organ; and the celebrated Smith, who had built it, offering completely 
 to set it to rights for £. 200, was employed, and finished the same this year, 
 — N. B. This is the present organ. 
 
 Church Worship. — 1698. — Messrs. Tate and Brady's new version of the Church 
 Psalms, recommended to the use of the parish, by the rector and vestry. Worship. 
 
 1709. — A perpetual fund agreed to be settled for reading daily prayers at 
 church ; and the curates to be paid £. 20 per annum for that service. 
 
 1663. — Order of vestry as to the cai-e and disposal of the sacrament money. 
 
 1670.— Ordered, that for the future Tent be provided for the sacrament. 
 
 1707.— Order as to lending the church sacramental plate to Bloomsbury and 
 Queen-street chapels. 
 
 Churchyard. 
 
288 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Old Church- Churchyard.— 1640.— P" for digging and levelling the church-|^- *• ^' 
 
 >:;;'"'l-L^^«^- yard, cutting grass, &c. - - J . 7- • 
 
 ingo, c. 1(354 _jror a lock to the " ifew ^-ate " of the churchyard - -0,6.10. 
 
 1664.— A committee of the vestry desired " to treat with the present tenant 
 
 for a pcell of ground bounding vpon y' churchyard of St. Giles's, upon the 
 
 south, for a burial ground." 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 1665. — P"" for fensing the new churchyard, the sume of - - 1. 5. 0. 
 
 ■ Mr. Hicks, the bricklayer, for worke done aboughte"! i q q 
 
 the new churchyard - _-J 
 
 1666. — Paid for mowing the churchyard 0. 2. 0. 
 
 1667.^ To sir Richard Stiddolph, for the freehold of the! -^ ^ ^ 
 
 ground called the new churchyard ... - - J 
 
 1669.— P** Mr. Bayley, bricklayer, for building the churchyard") ^^ q q 
 wall - - - " - - J ■ ' ' 
 
 1669. — P"* Mr. Brown, the gardiner, for spoyle of his goods when! 1 1 q 
 the wall was built _.---- ---J 
 
 1670. — Ordered, that the drawing up of an order, between sir Richard 
 Stiddolph and the parishioners, concerning the new churchyard wall, be re- 
 ferred to the consideration of a part of the vestry. 
 New Church- The new churchyard here mentioned, was the slip of ground purchased, as de- 
 ^^^ ' scribed, from sir Richard Stiddolph, and of which notice has been before taken. 
 
 177-5. Mr. Henry Broadhead, vestryman, (and owner of the estate in Brown's 
 gardens,) having formerly made several encroachments on the churchyard 
 wall, by striking out lights, &c. being waited on for an acknowledgement, 
 proposed to give the parish a little piece of ground adjoining the churchyard, 
 the latter being too small. 
 
 1777. (Febry.) — In a report relative to encroachments on the wall of the 
 churchyard, the committee was of opinion, that if a line was drawn from the 
 N. W. corner of the angular wall upon the east side of the churchyard, wherein 
 some workshops had been erected, to a projected point of the wall on the west 
 side, at the back or south part of the vestry-room, the ground granted by sir 
 Richard Stiddolph, would form that part of the churchyard southwards of the 
 said line, towards what was Brotvne's Gardens, then New Compton-street. 
 
 NfB. — The gate made in 1681 into Cock and Pye Fields, was then called 
 <• Brown's Gardens Gate." 
 
 1785. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS-BURIAL GROUNDS. 2^9 
 
 1785. — Directions given for enclosing the west boundary of the churchyard 
 with a wall. 
 
 1800. — The Resurrection Gate ordered to be removed, and a new entrance 
 and gate to be erected at the north-west corner of the churchyard. 
 
 1717. — A treaty ordered to be made for the purchase of a piece of ground Additional 
 in St. Pancras parish, near St. Giles's, for the use of this parish as a burial Ground, 
 ground. Also a piece of ground in Crabtree-fields, for other parochial pur- 
 poses. 
 
 Of the necessity of this new cemetery, we are informed by an observation 
 in the New View of London, (I7O8,) which speaking of the enlargement of 
 St. Giles's churchyard by sir Richard Stiddolph's ground, observes — " And yet 
 it appears to me to be not half big enough for this very spacious parish, where 
 they have often eight burials, and upwards, in an evening." 
 
 Workhouse Burial Ground. — This burial ground is distinct from the Workhouse 
 former. It adjoins the workhouse, and is appropriated only to such as die Ground 
 there. It was purchased and consecrated in 1722, having before been called 
 Vinegar-yard. Barracks have been removed therefrom 40 years. 
 
 By an order in 1729, it was directed, " that no person be buried in the new 
 burial ground (of the poor house) but such as die in the workhouse." 
 
 New Burial Ground. — This cemetery adjoins the Adam and Eve tea- Second 
 gardens, by Pancras church; and was purchased and fitted up in 1802, in Ground"." 
 consequence of the preceding burial grounds being found insufficient, from 
 the increase in its population, for the use of the parish. It has a handsome 
 chapel and vaults, as an appendage to it, and cost altogether the sum of 
 *e. 10,000. 
 
 Funerals. — 1658. — A black cloth, given by Mrs. Foot, for the poor and pen- Funerals. 
 sioners, ordered to be kept strictly for their use. In 1 66 1, a velvet pall, was 
 bought at an expense o£ £.Q9. 2*. 6d. for a parish pall; and which in 1665, 
 was ordered " to be the only pall used at all burials within the parish. And 
 Richard Robinson, the parish clerk, was to be warned by the churchwardens, 
 not to presume as formerly, to use his pall." And I666, it was further ordered, 
 " that no other pall or herse-cloth, but those of the parish, should be used for 
 interring corpses, on any pretence whatsoever." I667. — j^.lO was paid by 
 Mr. Glover, for the pall for the use of the poor. 
 
 1635. — In the tables of burial fees for this and some following years, a dis- 
 tinction is made for burying persons coffined, and uncqffined. Persons coffined 
 
 P P were 
 
290 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 were allowed to be buried in the church ; but those uncqffined could only be 
 interred in the churchyard. 
 
 1666. — Put to the question, and carried in the affirmative, that the ground 
 of the church and churchyard, is at the disposal of the churchwardens for 
 graves. And 1668, the graves-making ordered to be solely under their direc- 
 tion, reserving to the doctor his fees and rights, together with the time of 
 burials. 
 
 1703. — No tombstone to be set up in the churchyard, but by order of vestry. 
 
 Extra Chapels. 
 
 1698 (Febry.) — Ordered, that the churchwardens do repair what damage was 
 done to the chapel on Tuesday last by the violent wind, and a stack of 
 chimneys which fell upon the same. 
 
 The intention of building a new chapel of ease for the parish, is first men- 
 tioned in 1693, but the scite of it, as will be seen by the entries which follow, 
 was not fixed on for some years. 
 
 1693. — Ordered, to inquire of the gentry in Lincoln's-inn fields, which of 
 them will take pews, in case a chappell should be erected in the neighbourhood 
 of Lincoln's-inn fields, and report to be made to the next vestry. 
 
 1705. — Persons to be appointed to go from house to house, to take subscrip- 
 tions for a new chapel and schoolhouse, to be built on ground near Hart- 
 street, given by lady Russell. 
 
 1706. — Whereas it is agreed by vestry, that the ground now belonging to 
 Mr. Fletcher, in Parker's-lane, and to Mr. Cooper, on the north side of his 
 houses in Great Queen-street, is a very convenient place for erecting and 
 building a new chapel for the use of the parish ; It is ordered, that a com- 
 mittee be appointed to treat, contract and agree, for purchasing the freehold 
 of the said ground for the use aforesaid ; and also, that the said committee 
 have power to treat with such other persons as they shall think convenient, 
 for erecting or taking a chappell in any other convenient place ; — the parish 
 to ratify any contracts, &c. 
 
 The treaty for this ground was broken off, in consequence of the rector 
 (dean Haley) refusing his consent ; but he agreed to admit such person as 
 vestry should chuse, to be morning preacher at Bloomsbury chapel ; and one of 
 two candidates proposed by vestry, was accordingly admitted by him to that 
 situation. 
 
 1728. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS— PARISH BOUNDARIES. 291 
 
 1728. — A complaint was made this year of 14 s. 6 d. sacrament money, col- 
 lected at Mr. Capper's meeting, being detained from the poor ; and resolutions 
 to prevent the like in future were entered into by vestry. 
 
 1731. — Mention is made of taking the " French chapel in West-street, as 
 a tabernacle, for celebrating divine worship in for the parishioners, during the 
 rebuilding of the church. 
 
 It appears that there was an intention several years previously to rebuilding 
 St. Giles's church in 1731, to erect a new church in Queen-street ; as in 1712, 
 the answer of the churchwardens to the commissioners under the act of Anne, 
 recommends — 
 
 " That a proper place for the site of a new parish church, and a house for 
 a minister, would be at the great house in Great Queen-street, commonly called 
 by the name of the Land Bank." 
 
 1681. — Joseph Read, having commenced several suits on the parish account, 
 " against conventicles and vnlawful assemblys, ^suant to sev'all orders of ses- 
 sions," &c. is ordered to be paid his reasonable expences. 
 
 The following extracts contain various acts and orders of vestry, as to 
 numerous objects of parochial management. We shall arrange them under 
 their respective heads. The first respects the annual 
 
 Perambulations, Boundaries, ^v. 
 
 1642. — Spent on the perambulation day, for bread and cheese and beere, for Perambu- 
 the meaner sort, the boyes and poore. Also for poynts for the boyes, and *''°"'**^' 
 laying open the passages ; and afterwards a collation for the auncient inhabi- 
 tants that went in the procession S&.2. 18. 9. 
 
 1650. — P"" at the Maidenhead in charges for the curatt, clerk, andi Parish treat 
 
 other ancients of the parish that went in the perambulation - j at the 
 
 The money expended on these perambulations, which was apparently at first 
 very moderate, continued to increase afterwards so much, that vestry found it 
 necessary to limit the expence. Accordingly an order was made in 
 
 1678. — " That the churchwardens do spend no more than 10/. on a peram- 
 bulation." And it was further, in the year 1705, ordered, " That the provision 
 for the boyes be as usuall ; but the dinner, after the boyes are served, to be 
 left off." 
 
 Some of the occasional disputes, which happened formerly respecting the 
 parish boundaries, are noticed in the following entries : — 
 
 P P 2 The 
 
892 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 South East 
 Boundary. 
 
 North 
 Boundary. 
 
 The boundary line between St. Giles's and St. Clement Danes parishes, which 
 extended from the extremity of Oldwick Close, or back of Princes-street, 
 behind Portugal-street, and finished with the new buildings at Lincoln's Inn, 
 commonly called Lincoln's Inn New Square ; appears to have been a subject 
 of contention for several years. The entries respecting it are not of an earlier 
 date than the time when building generally commenced on the site ; which 
 seems to infer, as indeed is most probable, that that circumstance in a great 
 measure gave rise to the disagreement. 
 
 1(393. — Aug. 15. — Ordered by vestry, that boundary stones be fixed in all 
 proper places, particularly in Lincoln's-Inn fields, against St. Clements 
 parish : And that a committee be appointed to meet the churchwardens of that 
 parish, about placing boundary stones at Portugal-street end, adjoining the 
 new buildings in Lincoln's-Inn fields. 
 
 This meeting did not end satisfactorily, and a contest, which appears to have 
 lasted ten years, was the consequence. During this interval a trial took place 
 between the two parishes, in which we may presume St. Giles's lost, from 
 a subsequent vestry order to the following effect : — 
 
 I7OS— Janry 1 — Ordered that a motion be made for a new trial between 
 St. Giles and St. Clements, about the houses at the east end of Portugal row. 
 
 Preparatory to this second trial, Capt. Rathbone was directed to make a 
 plan of the ground and houses in Portugal row, " from the west end to 
 Lincoln's-Inne :" and Mr. Hicks, the parish surveyor, " to measure Mr. 
 Griffiths's ground" (called Grifiith Field), " and to draw maps of the same ; 
 and Mr. Crossfield to pay him 7*' Gd. for so doing." And a committee was 
 further appointed to view the said houses. We are not acquainted with the 
 result of their proceedings. 
 
 1703. — Ordered, that a committee be appointed to view the boundary stone, 
 lately set up by St. Pancras, and also the houses at the upper end of Kingsgate- 
 street. 
 
 This seems to have been merely a precautionary measure, and not followed 
 by any dispute between the parishes. 
 
 TJie Highways — Paving — Cleansing — Watching — Lighting of— 
 
 Fire Engine, <§t. 
 
 The antient acts for paving the main street of St. Giles's have been slightly 
 
 mentioned. The following are additional notices on the subject: — 
 • • As 
 
MISCELLANEOUS— PAVING— CLEANSING, &c. 293 
 
 As late as the reign of James 1, (notwithstanding the act of Henry VIII, 
 and the other acts of a prior date,) great part of the parish appears to have 
 remained unpaved, or had been so neglected as to have become nearly im- 
 passable. This applied particularly to the whole of the High-street, Drury- Paving of the 
 lane, and Tottenham-court road, as well as the Old-street, or Hog-lane. In High-street, 
 the 3d year of that king, an act passed for paving " the Towne of St. Giles &c. 
 in the Fields, and that part thereof which leadeth to Holborne ; and the lane 
 called Drury-lane, leading from St. Giles in the Fields towardes the Strand and 
 New Inne," which are therein described to have become of late years " by 
 reason of the continual rode there, deepe foul and dangerous to all who pass 
 those ways." 
 
 The paving of other streets in the parish followed the above, but they seem 
 to have been, for more than a century afterwards, so much neglected as to have 
 been the cause of several indictments. The first on record was in 1640, when 
 there occurs this entry in the churchwardens accounts : 
 
 1640. — Spent that day that our parish and St. Martin's met "1 /^ ^ aj 
 about the indictments -------J 
 
 A subsequent entry in the vestry minutes directs Mr. Whitcombe " to look 
 after the business depending in the Exchequer about y' pavement," and orders 
 Mr. Hastings to be retained as the solicitor. On this indictment judgement 
 was obtained against St. Giles, which endeavoured to get discharged from the 
 fine, as appears by an entry the next year. 
 
 1641. — July. — P** to the clarks of the Crowne Office, and to^ 
 the officers of the court of Exchequer, and to counsel for mo- 
 tions to discharge this pish of e^. 46, for which judgement and 
 execon was obtained agst the inhabitants thereof, upon sevr" 
 presentments concerning their defective highways, in the 
 Crowne Office, as per bill ------- 
 
 These motions, &c. it would appear were not successful, £.50 being 
 obliged to be raised to pay this £. 46, and expences, as per the following 
 entry of a somewhat later date : — 
 
 Spent at Paul's, about the parish business, when the £.50 was taken 
 up, 4*. 
 
 In 1639 the pavement on the south side of the High-street, against the 
 churchyard wall, was ordered to be new paved at the parish expence ; and 
 Mr. James Hooker was afterwards contracted with to repair " such highwayes, as 
 
 the 
 
 Action for 
 
 defective 
 
 Highways. 
 
 ) £.6. 7s. 6d. 
 
294* 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH 
 
 £.4<. 0. 0. 
 
 Parish first 
 paved 
 
 the parish was liable to be indicted for not keeping up ;" but notwithstanding 
 we find the following notice a few years afterwards : — 
 
 1647. — P** and geven to Mr, Snape, a counsellor, to make a- 
 motion and to plead at the King's Bench, to quash 4 indict- 
 ments agst the pish for not repairing the highwayes £. 1 ; also 
 paid Mr. Southwell for taking off the issues of £. 6, and a 
 mark, estreated in the Checquer agst the pish ; and for a ge- 
 neral warrant under baron Atkins his hand for discharge of the 
 court ; j^. 3, in all - 
 
 And in 1651 a rate was ordered to be made for raising "a sura for the tak- 
 ing off of sevr" issues charged upon the upper bench, for default of not mending 
 the public highwayes leading to the city of London." 
 Places iti the The following places in the parish were paved at the periods mentioned 
 under : — 
 
 I68I. — Hog-lane. — The parish was indicted the preceding year, " for not 
 repairing a certain lane, called Hog-lane, which never was repaired by the 
 parish," and defended the action, but appears to have been afterwards obliged 
 to pave it. The inhabitants of Cock and Pye Fields were allowed the 
 same j'ear, to " gravel, at their own expence, a causeway to come to church," 
 which proves that place to have been then unpaved ; in which state it probably 
 remained until the Seven Dials were built. 
 
 1698. — Mr. Tucker was ordered to be paid his bill, "for paving work done 
 at the end of Denmark-street;" and the next year a contract was made to keep 
 other adjoining streets in repair, at £. 30 per annum. 
 
 1700. — The broad space before the entrances to Tottenham-court road and 
 Oxford-road were first ordered to be paved this year, by the description of 
 " the road by the Pound, from the paving belonging to the corner house, the 
 Crowne, to the two boundary posts." An agreement was also entered into at 
 the same time, between St. Giles and St. Pancras, as to the future repair of 
 Tottenham-court road ; such agreement, " if any of the said way should 
 come thereafter to be paved, to be void." And 
 
 1704. — A committee was appointed, to inquire the price of stone and other 
 materials, for the paving of Tottenham-court road, as also to agree with 
 workmen, &c. And 
 
 1705. — The same was began by Messrs. Tucker and Leonard, who were 
 to be allowed 8s. per ton for the paving stones, 2s. per load for gravel, 3d. 
 
 per 
 
MISCELLANEOUS— PAVING— CLEANSING— WATCHING. 295 
 
 per yard for paving, 9d. per load for carrying away the dirt and dung from 
 the Pound, and £. 14 for levelling the ground and digging the sewer. ('*) 
 
 In 1744, Thomas Leaper made a proposal to the parish, which was ac- 
 cepted, to pave the parish for 21 years at £. 22 per annum. The places to 
 be paved and kept in repair are named as follows : " In Tottenham-court road> 
 and at the Pound ; before St. Giles's church, and the round house ; before 
 the almshouses ; before the watchhouse in Holbom j and before the two sides 
 of the church in Bloomsbury." 
 
 N.B. — The first appointment of commissioners for paving was in 1771. 
 
 Cleansing. — Scavengers are spoken of as part of the parish establishment Cleansing. 
 as early as 1638, but no act of Parliament for regularly cleansing it appears to 
 have been obtained until after the Restoration, when we find the following 
 entry relative to it in the churchwardens accounts : — 
 
 1661. — P*" to the messengers in the House of Lords, when -1 
 we petitioned Parliament for an act for cleansing the streets, I £.1. 8 s. 
 and for printing the petition - - - - - -J 
 
 The partial cleanings, or removal of nuisances from particular parts of the 
 parish, which took place before, seem from an entry before quoted to have been 
 directed by special orders from government ; the landlord of the Black Beare 
 in Black Beare-yard being required in 1639 to open and cleanse a well in the 
 street at the Black Bear-yard," according to an order from the Privi/ Council." 
 
 Agreements and regulations as to cleansing other places occur as follows, 
 viz. the Old Town division in I67I — "All the streets, lanes, alleys, &c. within 
 the parish, now built and finished, or hereafter to be built and finished," in 
 1679; and again the agreement already noticed to the like purport with sir 
 Thomas Roe in 1687; and in 
 
 1689 — It is ordered, that John Reynolds, vestry clerk, do get a petition 
 preferred to Parliament, on behalf of the parish, to revive that part of the 
 statute, made in the 13 and 14 Car. II, which relates to the cleansing of the 
 streets ; and that he follow up said petition. — See under head " Scavengers." 
 
 Watching. — The " city watch" is mentioned as an antient establishment. Watching. 
 but the watch for the suburbs seems to have taken place much later, and per- 
 haps 
 
 O In 171°' thP answer of the rector, to maintain a pared A/gtoaj^ from St. Giles's 
 
 churchwardens, &c. to the commissioners Pound towards Hampstead, which costs at 
 
 for building the fifty new churches, states, least £.80 per annum." 
 as to this street, " That the parish is obliged 
 
296 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 haps is not to be traced, as a regular thing, further back than the reign of 
 EHzabeth, in whose €8th year (1586) it was resolved, " That for the better 
 taking up of all masterless and suspicious persons, strong watches should be set 
 in every town and place about London, in the city and liberties of Westminster, 
 and in the Hundred of Ossulton." The persons watching were to be " able 
 men, well armed, and furnished with sufficient armour and weapons." Of the 
 nature of their costume at this time, and afterwards, some hints have been given 
 under the head " Watchmen." And it further appears, by an act of com- 
 mon council, 4 Anne (I7O6,) that the use of the halbert instead of the staff, 
 was continued till that late period, it being then directed, " That a sufficient 
 watch should be kept in the city and liberties, with men of strong and able 
 bodies, provided with candles and lanthorns, and sufficiently armed with 
 halberts'* 
 
 The following are additional particulars to those before given, as to the 
 appointment of watchmen in this parish : — 
 
 1637. — Ordered by vestry, "That due warding (watching) be kept throughout 
 the parish, by one or more sufficient person or persons, in the nature of 
 a provost marshall, according to the order of the lords of his Maj"" most 
 hoiible privy council." 
 
 1672. — An order of vestry of this year AirQci?, Jifteen watchmen to be hired 
 to watch every night in the year ; and the following year it is further ordered, 
 " for that whereas of late many bowses have been in the night time broken open 
 " and robbed, by neglect of due watches kept." — " That the constables and 
 headboroughs do bring a just account of all persons who pay for watching ; 
 and likewise the names of persons fitting to watch, to prevent such mischief in 
 future." And in pursuance of this order, towards the close of the same year, 
 the following heads of an agreement, as to this subject, between the high 
 constable and vestry, appear among the minutes, viz. 
 
 " Thomas Harris, high constable of the Old Town division, agrees with 
 Thomas Forth, a member of vestry, with vestry's consent, to provide and hire 
 fifteen men to watch every night for one year ; to be set and stand at such 
 places, within the said division, as should be appointed, and to pay to them 
 their respective salaries of sf. 10 a year a piece, and 10*. a piece in lieu of 
 candles ; and to pay to the beadles of the same division the salary of £. 60, 
 for one year, in such proportion to each as shall be agreed on ; and to appoint 
 jive other men, every night for one year, to be a guard to watch, to walk with 
 
 the 
 
MISCELLANEOUS— WATCHING— LIGHTING. 297 
 
 the constable or headborough, whose watch night it should happen to 
 be," &c. CO 
 
 Lighting. — The practice of lighting the streets in a regular and uniform Lighting, 
 manner, is an improvement of comparatively late years, and only existed in an 
 imperfect manner in London and its suburbs, as recently as the reign of 
 George I, as appears by the following extract from an act of common council 
 of that period, viz. — 
 
 1716. — " Every housekeeper, whose house, door or gateway, does front any 
 public streets or passages in the city or liberties, shall on every dark night, that 
 is to say, every night between the second night after each full moon, and the 
 second night after each new moon, from Michaelmas to Lady-day, yearly, set 
 or hang out one or more lanthorn or lanthorns, with sufficient cotton wick 
 candles lighted therein, on the outside of such house, door or gateway ; such 
 light or lanthorn not to hang higher than one story in height, and to continue 
 burning from six o'clock in the evening until eleven." 
 
 And it was at the same time ordered ; — 
 
 " That there should be set or hung out one or more lanthorn or lanthorns, 
 with sufficient cotton wick candles lighted therein, on the outside of all parish 
 churches, public halls, schools and other public buildings or places, situated as 
 aforesaid." 
 
 N. B. — Poor persons, whose rent was less than £. 10 a year, were to be 
 excused from this regulation. 
 
 The first reference to a lamp light in the parish records, occurs in a vestry 
 minute of 1691, in which it is — 
 
 Ordered, That the churchwardens do pay the proportion of the parish 
 towards a lamp-light, to be set up in the street opposite the church. ('*) 
 
 In 
 
 (") The following are further particulars, watch-house, and report the fittest place to 
 
 as to the watch-house of the parish :— rebuild the same. 
 
 1679. — Order for Thomas Smith, beadle, 1732. — Reported, that a grant had been 
 to appear before vestry, that it may be con- obtained from his grace the duke of Bed- 
 sidered why he should not pay an annual ford, of the ground whereon the old watch- 
 rent for inhabiting the watch-house. house stood, and that a sum of money was 
 
 1712. — Constables coiit-ctions for pay- collecled for rebuilding the same, 
 
 ment of watch, &c. to be equally divided. N. fi. — In 1604, Mr. Rathbone had £ 8 
 
 1720. — Consideration of the watch house paid him," for the buildiugof theold watch- 
 being pulled down, postponed. house." 
 
 , Cominittee to view the state of ('*) The practice of suspending lamps or 
 
 Q Q lanthorns 
 
298 ST. GILES'S PARISH J 
 
 In a subsequent entry, dated I709, it is ordered ;~ 
 
 " That £. 40 a year be applied for lamps." 
 Fire Engines, FiRE ENGINES, &c. — An order for the churchwardens to provide an engine, 
 buckets and hooks, " to help the inhabitants of this parish when any danger 
 should happen by fire," first occurs in the year 1639. 
 
 In 1671.— An allowance of 10*. a year is made to John Pollard, one of the 
 beadles for looking after the engine ; and — 
 
 In I68I. — The standing watchmen of the parish are ordered to attend with 
 the same at fires, and to give assistance, &c. ; and — 
 
 1697. — " The old engine (the same having been damaged at the fire at 
 Whitehall) is ordered to be sold to the best advantage, and a new engine to 
 be provided in lieu thoreof, for the use of the parish." 
 
 In I7O8. — Fire pluggs are ordered to be put up in the parish, "agreeably to 
 the late act of parliament ;" and — 
 
 In 17dl.— It is recommended to Mr. Princock, "to place fire cocks in the 
 
 room of fire plugs, in such places in the great streets as should be thought 
 
 proper." 
 
 Poor. 
 
 Beggars— I" t^G remote times of its hospital, St. Giles's parish contained no greater 
 Their sup- ^ proportion of paupers than other parishes of a similar extent and population, 
 troduction. The introduction of Irish, mendicants, and other poor of that description, for 
 which it afterwards became so noted, is not to be traced farther back than 
 the reign of Elizabeth, in whose time, says Strype, (Ed. Stowe's Survey, 1720,) 
 " when London began to increase in populousness, there was observed to be 
 a confluence here out of the countries, of such persons as were of the poorer 
 sorts of trades and occupations j who, because they could not exercise them 
 within the jurisdiction of the city, followed them within the suburbs, therefore 
 the queen, as well as forbidding the further erection of new buildings, ordered 
 all persons within three miles of any of the gates of the city, to forbear from 
 letting or setting, or suffering any more than one family only to be placed in 
 any one house." 
 
 This is further set forth by proclamation, dated 1585, which states the reason 
 
 of 
 
 lanthorns before churches, was in existence of lod. stated to be paid for two new 
 
 however long prior to the above date. In lanthorns to hang over St. Michael's ally- 
 
 the churchwardens accounts of St. Michael, gate, and in the cloister. 
 in Corahili, under the year 1557, is an entry 
 
MISCELLANEOUS— ACCOUNT OF POOR. 299 
 
 of the prohibition to be " That thereby great multitudes of people were brought 
 to inhabit in small rooms ; whereof a great part were seen very poor, yea, such 
 as must live by begging or worse means ; and they heaped up together in one 
 house or small tenement ; wherefore, for offences of this sort, namely of in- 
 crease of manyindwellers, or as they be commonly called inmates or undersitters, 
 which had been suffered within the last seven years, the proper officers were 
 to see the same redrest." 
 
 To this description of persons resorting from the country to town, a second 
 proclamation issued soon afterwards, and calculated expressly for the suburbs, 
 adds; — 
 
 " That it was found in and about the city of London, and in parts in and 
 about her majesty's court, that there did haunt and repair a great multitude of 
 wandering persons, many of whom were men from Ireland, with whom were 
 also many others like vagrants and persons of that nation ; many of whom 
 haunted about the court under pretence of suits, &c. and who, mixed 
 with disbanded soldiers from the Low Countries, and others imposters, did 
 infest the city by day as common beggars, or did commit at night robberies and 
 outrages ;" — which were ordered as before to be suppressed. 
 
 When the language of these proclamations is compared with extracts from Proclama- 
 the parish books, which we shall quote ; and when it is considered that St. *'*"^ ^ ^ 
 Giles's stood in the immediate vicinity of the court, being then separated from 
 it merely by a few fields, it will easily be seen that it must have been in a par- 
 ticular manner annoyed by the sort of persons described. The fact however is 
 put beyond doubt by what is afterwards stated in the same author ; — 
 
 " By the care of Fleetwood, the recorder, and other the magistrates, 
 acting under these proclamations, there were few or no rogues in gaol ; and 
 Westminster and the Dutchy, St. Giles's, High Holbom, St. John-street, 
 and Islington, great harbours for such misdemeaned persons, were never so 
 well or quiet, for rogue nor masterless man dared now once appear in those 
 parts." CO 
 
 These 
 
 (") The terms rogue and beggar, appear evening towards Islington, to take the air, 
 at this time to have been considered syno- (which seemed to put her to into some dis- 
 nimous, how justly will be seen by the fol- turbance,) notice was given to Fleetwood, 
 lowing anecdote : — " Upon occasion of a the recorder, who did that night send out 
 great parcel of rogues encompassing the warrants into those quarters, and into West- 
 queen," (Elizabeth,) " while riding out one minster and the Dutchy ; and in the morn- 
 
 Q Q 2 ing 
 
Aliens. 
 
 ^ ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 These measures appear, from subsequent orders, to have only stopped the 
 evil for a time, as it is elsewhere added ; — 
 
 " But such flocking there was nevertheless, and such numbers of people, and 
 they for the most part idle vagrant persons, harbouring themselves and filling 
 the houses with inmates, that James I was obliged, in the 1st of his reign, to 
 issue his proclamation also against inmates, and multitudes of dwellers in 
 straight rooms and places in and about the city of London ; as well as for 
 raising and pulling down certain newly erected dwellings," &c. 
 
 We see here the origin of the settlement of a numerous poor in St. Giles's, 
 and the cause ; viz. its vicinity to the court, which made it a convenient resi- 
 dence for persons pretending to have suits there ; and which was also of itself 
 the great magnet of attraction with strangers. We find likewise the descrip- 
 tion of poor to have been exactly such as has infested the parish ever since, viz. 
 Irish and aliens, beggars, and dissolute and depraved characters. We shall 
 proceed to notice these under their different heads ; adding such particulars as 
 to the legitimate poor of the parish, as we have been able to meet with. 
 Irish; Irish — Aliens. — Neither the Irish or other strangers are mentioned by 
 
 name, until the year 1640, when the earliest of the churchwardens accounts 
 now remaining commence ; but they are certainly intended, among others, 
 under the general denomination of inmates, undersitters, new-comers, &c. 
 The vestry minutes contain repeated orders, as to persons thus named, from the 
 year 1629 (a few years after they begin,) until the reign of Anne ; and were 
 not those of a prior date lost, we should probably find them noticed much 
 earlier. The following are some of the most interesting entries of this 
 nature : — 
 
 " 1629. — Ordered, that the beadles do attend every Sunday, to give an 
 account of inmates, and who take them in ; and to take up all idle persons. 
 And on pain of neglect, for the first offence to lose their arrears of salary y 
 and for the second offence to be turned out, and to be incapable of being 
 rechosen." 
 
 1630. — On consideration of the statute 43 Eliz. which directs the raising of 
 a stock to set the poor to work ; and that the churchwardens and collectors of 
 the poor should once every month resort to church, and there, on the Sabbath 
 
 day 
 
 ing he went out himself, and took seventy- all examined together at Bridewell, and re- 
 four rogues, some of whom were blind, and ceived there subtantial payment." — Strype's 
 yet great usurers and very rich ; who were Stowe. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS— ACCOUNT OF POOR. 301 
 
 day in the afternoon, take some good order for the relief of the poor ; it was 
 admitted^ " that the relief of the poor is much lesse than it would be, if so many 
 new-comers into the parish did not find entertainment as they doe, being most 
 of them dwellers, or inmates or lodgers ; — 
 
 And it was ordered — " That the constables, and their deputys, should give 
 notice to the churchwardens and collectors every month, of all manner of per- 
 sons likely to become any ways chargeable to the parish ; as well of such lately 
 come, as of those that might thereafter come, and also the name of their 
 landlords ; in order that they might be dealt with according to law." 
 
 1637. — " To prevent the great influx of poor people into this parish, or- Impossible to 
 dered that the bedles do present every fortnight, on the Sunday, the names of pTOr^aJayf^ 
 all new-comers, undersitters, inmates, divided tenements, persons that have 
 families in cellars, and other abuses." 
 
 This is the first mention of cellars, as places of residence ; and for which this 
 parish afterwards became so noted, that the expression of " a cellar in St. Giles's" 
 used to designate the lowest poverty, became afterwards proverbial ; and is 
 still used, though most of these subterranean dwellings are now gone. The 
 term cellar-mates, mentioned in the next and following entries, proves the Described as 
 
 c 1 J J cellar-mates. 
 
 increase 01 persons so lodged. ^^^ ' 
 
 1639. — Ordered, " That special chardge be given to the constables, beadles, 
 &c. to search diligently for women great with child, that they be either removed, 
 or good security got by the churchwardens for the discharge of the parish." 
 And further ordered, " That six persons be appointed to assist the church- 
 wardens in discovering and avoiding inmates, sellar-mates, and new-comers." 
 
 The following year (1640,) in the receipts and expenditure on account of 
 poor, the Irish are expressly and repeatedly mentioned by name ; and from 
 the number of entries on the subject, it may be inferred, that they then began 
 to abound in the parish. We select a few of the most curious items : — 
 
 1640. — P' to a poore Irishman, and to a prisoner come over from Dunkirk - 
 
 P"* to John Brewer, a poore man travelling into Ireland - - . 
 
 F* to John Read, a poore distressed man from Ireland - - - 
 
 P"" to an oulde soldier, press'd out of this parish, to convey him toT 
 
 his own countrie, having lost all he had in Ireland - - - - -J 
 . P"* for a shroude for an Irishman that dyed at Brickils - - - o. 2, 6. 
 
 Whether this person died of want, or of the plague, which was then raging, does 
 not appear ; most probably it was from the latter cause. 
 
 1640. 
 
 £. 
 0. 
 0. 
 
 s. 
 1. 
 1. 
 
 d. 
 0. 
 0. 
 
 Relief to 
 Irish poor, 
 
 0. 
 
 1. 
 
 6. 
 
 
 0. 
 
 2. 
 
 6. 
 
 
302 
 
 Plundered 
 Irish. 
 
 French and 
 other aliens. 
 
 ' ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 1640. — P"" to a poore gentleman vndone, by the burning of a cittie in Ireland,! 
 
 having licence from the Lords to collect - - - - - - -J ' ' ' 
 
 P'' to Mr. Smith, his goods cast away comeing from Ireland - - o. 1.6. 
 
 1642. — P"* to foure Irishwomen, and to four poore women and sixe children"! - 
 
 that came oute of Ireland, passing to their own countrie - - - -J ' * ' 
 P*" to two porters, for carrying two loads of cloathes to be sent into! 
 
 Ireland j" o. 3. o. 
 
 P* to a poore Irish minister - - - - - - - - o. 2. o. 
 
 P"" to John Waters, his wife and two children, being very sicke, thatl 
 
 came oute of Ireland - - - - - - - - - -/.* 
 
 Some of the items of relief appear to have been in consequence of the 
 troubles in Ireland, obliging vast numbers of the natives to take refuge in 
 
 England. The following were no doubt of that description : — 
 
 £. s. d. 
 1647. — P"* and geven one Hey cock, a plundered Irish - - - - o. o. 6. 
 
 P"' and given a plundered Irish minister's wife - - - - o. 1. o. 
 
 P"* to poore plundered Irish - - - - - - - - o. 2. o. 
 
 ^ P'' and given to James Burges, a plund' Irish, per certificate - - o. 2. o. 
 
 P'' and geven Mrs. Renzi, a plundered Irish - - - - - o. 1. o. 
 
 A great number of similar entries occur about the same period, but the cases 
 having nothing curious in them, we forbear to quote more instances. After 
 1648, the Irish are seldom mentioned by name, and probably became incorpo- 
 rated with other poor. Though that numbers of fresh comers continued to 
 arrive, is evidenced by the appointment of an assistant beadle in 1653, whose 
 express business it was to search out and report such to the parish officers j as 
 also by an entry afterwards, as follows : — 
 
 1659. — Agreed on, that there be a meeting of vestry the first Tuesday in 
 every month, to acquaint themselves from the constables and beadles, of in- 
 mates and other persons come into the parish, and likely to become chargeable 
 to the same. 
 
 The subsequent orders and regulations of vestry, though they do not mention 
 them by name, seem to allude to the introduction into the parish of French 
 and other foreigners : — 
 
 1675. — " Whereas the charges of the poor do daily increase by the frequent 
 resort of poore people from several countries and places, for want of due care 
 to prevent the same ; it is ordered, that Giles Hanson be elected an assistant 
 beadle, with a salary of 40/. a year, to find out and notice all new-comers, 
 inmates, &c. ; and that a coat and badge be provided for him, that he be the 
 better known in his office." 
 
 In 
 
£. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 o. 
 
 1. 
 
 o. 
 
 Droll names 
 
 o. 
 o. 
 o. 
 
 ]. 
 1. 
 o. 
 
 o. 
 o. 
 
 6. 
 
 of some of 
 the ancient 
 ones here. 
 
 o. 
 
 2. 
 
 6. 
 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS— ACCOUNT OF POOR. SOS 
 
 In 1679, 1680, 1690, and 1(592, orders to a similar effect, namely, the search- 
 ing out of new-comers, &c. are repeated. And the answer of the churchwardens 
 to the commissioners for building the new churches, anno I7IO. states, " that 
 a great number of the inhabitants of St. Giles's are French protestanls." Their 
 dress and other peculiarities, some years afterwards, are admirably satyrized 
 by Hogarth, in his Four Times of the Day. 
 
 Vagrants. — It is difficult to separate the entries as to this class of poor Vagrants, 
 from others, professional mendicants, being no where expressly named. The 
 following payments, however, were probably made to persons of this descrip- 
 tion : — 
 
 1640. — Gave to Tottenham-court Meg, being verie sicke - - - 
 1642. — P'' and given to Guy, a poore fellow - _ - - - 
 
 ■ Gevea to the Ballet-singing Cobler - - - 
 
 1646. — Gave to old Friz-wig -------- 
 
 1657. — P** the collectors for a shroude for oulde Guy, the poet 
 
 From the familiar way in which these persons are mentioned, they were 
 probably all well known beggars of the time, though we are unacquainted 
 with any particulars of them, further than what may be gathered from their 
 names. 
 
 Tottenhan Court Meg was certainly of that class, and most likely received .Tottenham- 
 
 the appellation from her usually begging in Tottenham-court Road. The real '^''"'^' ^^''S- 
 
 caUing of the other three is doubtful. Old Frizuig might have been some oidFrizwig. 
 
 decayed tonsor, so nicknamed, who was reduced to ask charity. The Ballet, Ballad-sing- 
 
 or Ballad singing Cobler, if he was not a street musician who sung and vended '"^ ^ "' 
 
 his " four-and-twenty songs in a book for a halfpenny," was probably some 
 
 once chearful mender of souks, whose notes, while he worked in his stall. 
 
 delighted his neighbours. Old Guy the Poet (who from the two entries con- old Guy, the 
 
 cerning him, appears to have lived and died in distress,) was some unhappy P°^'- 
 
 son of Parnassus, who if not actually a mendicant, ranked little higher, 
 
 and made his exit in true characteristical poverty. 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 1657. — P* for a lodging for distracted Bess - - - - - - o. o. 6. 
 
 Paid for a shift for Affl</ Bess - - - - - - - o. 3. 6. Mad Bess. 
 
 1658. — P* & year's rent for Mad Bess - - - - - - -1. 4. 6. 
 
 This female appears to have been only lodged, and provided with occasional 
 
 necessaries at the parish expence, and not to have been maintained by it; 
 
 which being the case, and not being placed in any professed receptacle for 
 
 lunatics. 
 
SOi 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH 
 
 Purcel's can- 
 tata of Mad 
 Bess. 
 
 Old Osborne. 
 
 The lame 
 glazier. 
 
 The old mud- 
 wall maker. 
 
 Poor's box. 
 
 lunatics, we may reasonably conjecture that she derived her support from 
 casual charity in the street. Is it too much to suppose, that some tra- 
 ditional memory of this maniac might have furnished Purcell with the idea 
 for his admirable cantata of " Mad Bess ;" the coincidence of names is 
 striking? 
 
 The following entries appear also to be of sums disbursed to beggars or 
 vagrants, but not of equal notoriety with the foregoing : — 
 
 1642. — P^ to one Thomas, a traveller - - _ . 
 
 -To a poore woman and her children, almost starved 
 
 -To William Long, almost starved, and to Charles Powell — xij''. a peece 
 
 1645. — For a shroude for Hunter's child, the blind beggar man 
 1646. — P** and given to a poore wretch, name forgot 
 
 Given to Old Osborne, a troublesome fellow _ - _ 
 
 P"* to Shotton the lame glazier, to carry him towards Bath 
 
 1647. — To Old Osborne and his blind wife - _ - - 
 To the Old Mud Wall Maker - - - - 
 
 £. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 0. 
 
 0. 
 
 6. 
 
 0. 
 
 1. 
 
 6. 
 
 0. 
 
 2. 
 
 0. 
 
 0. 
 
 1. 
 
 6. 
 
 0. 
 
 1. 
 
 0. 
 
 0. 
 
 1. 
 
 6. 
 
 0. 
 
 3- 
 
 0. 
 
 0. 
 
 0. 
 
 6. 
 
 0. 
 
 
 
 6. 
 
 " The Old Mud Wall Maker," should probably be excepted from this list 
 of mendicants, and also " the Lame Glazier," both appearing to have been 
 distressed artizans only. The former might have been a useful workman in 
 making and keeping up the embankments in the parish, when the greater part 
 of it was yields. The other miserable beings seem to have been paupers in the 
 very last stage of poverty and want. 
 
 1663. — An order was made " for prevention of great disorders and abuses 
 which did arise from a mix't company of poore upon communion days, who 
 were accustomed to stand in and about the church, vestry, and church gates, 
 begging the charity of the communicants." And a box is directed to be pro- 
 vided to deposit such donations in, which are to be distributed to the most 
 deserving on the following day. But this appears not to apply to professional 
 beggars only, but rather to be the origin of establishing a poor's box. The 
 following order, however, relates to actual beggars and vagabonds : — 
 
 1679. — " Ordered, that the beadle do take up all idle persons wandering in 
 the parish, within their respective divisions, that cannot readily give an account 
 of their courses of life ; and bring them before the justices, that they may be 
 dealt with according to law : — that by so doing the increase of the poor in the 
 parish may be prevented in the future." 
 
 There are various subsequent vestry orders as to vagrants, but they are not 
 generally interesting. 
 
 The 
 
MISCELLANEOUS— ACCOUNT OF POOR. 305 
 
 The general corruption of manners among the lower orders, owing to the con- 
 tinual influx of poor here, (and which has only of late years been in a measure 
 restrained,) is noticed by Hogarth in his prints. The scene of his Harlot's 
 Progress is laid in Drury-lane ; Tom Nero, in the Four Stages of Cruelty, is 
 a St. Giles's charity boy, and is shewn with other vicious boys, tormenting 
 a dog near the church. His Gin Street, is situated in St. Giles's ; and in a night 
 cellar in the same parish, the Idle Apprentice is supposed to be taken up for rob- 
 bery and murder. Fielding, also strictly agrees with the truth of these represen- 
 tations, in a pamphlet published a few years afterwards, (") where he mentions to 
 have had it as information from Mr. Welch, then high constable of Holborn, — 
 " That in the parish of St. Giles's, there were great numbers of houses set 
 apart for the reception of idle persons and vagabonds, who have their lodging 
 there for two-pence a night : That in the above parish, and in St. George's, 
 Bloomsbury, one woman alone occupies seven of these houses, all properly 
 accommodated with miserable beds from the cellar to the garret, for such two- 
 penny lodgers : That in these beds, several of which are in the same room, 
 men and women, often strangers to each other, lie promiscuously, the price 
 of a double bed being no more than three-pence, as an encouragement for them 
 to lie together : That as these places are adapted to whoredom, so are they 
 no less provided for drunkenness, gin being sold in them all at a penny a quar- 
 tern ; so that the smallest sum of money serves for intoxication : That in the 
 execution of search warrants, Mr. Welch rarely finds less than twenty of these 
 houses open for the receipt of all comers at the latest hours : And that in one 
 of these houses, and that not a large one, he hath numbered fifty-eight per- 
 sons of both sexes, the stench of whom was so intolerable, that it soon com- 
 pelled him to quit the place." 
 
 Legitimate Poor. — Under this head is to be considered such poor, as by Legitimate 
 legal settlement have a claim to parish relief. The information respecting P"*"^" 
 them may be variously classed, and includes, besides an account of the early 
 methods of supporting and regulating them, particulars of such gifts as have 
 been left for their use, and also of the establishments for their employrnent, 
 instruction, &c. 
 
 The 
 
 ('") An enquiry into the causes of the late posals for remedying this evil.— London, 
 encrease of robbers, &c, with some pro- 1751. 
 
 Rr 
 
£. s. 
 
 d. 
 
 - 55 13 
 
 - 82 2 
 
 3 
 8 
 
 - 41 6 
 
 3 
 
 -123 16 
 
 7 
 
 - 96 19 
 
 6 
 
 - 26 17 
 
 1 
 
 S06 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 The number and expences of the poor of this parish at different periods, 
 are only to be estimated by circumstances, except in occasional instances. In 
 the year 1642 — 
 
 The whole disbursement of the poor, amounts only to the sum of 
 The total of money received on account of church and parish, is 
 The disbursement for church and parish the same year, is 
 
 The whole amount of money received for church, parish and poor, is 
 
 And the total of all disbursements for church, parish and poor, is 
 
 So that there remained in the accountants hands, surplus - - _ 
 
 Gifts to. In 1649, there was disbursed for the poor, £, I73. 3s.4id. In I676, there 
 
 was distributed to the poor, by the churchwardens, a^. 446. 12*. ^ d. and by 
 the overseers, £. 1,320, making a total of £. 1,766. 12*. 7rf. And the follow- 
 ing year, the whole money expended in supporting the poor was 4^.2, 163. Ss. lOd. 
 Its amount for the same purpose in I8I7, was no less than the enormous sum 
 of j^. 39, 11 6. 9 s. — Something will be said as to their supposed numbers in 
 different years, in'speaking of the workhouse. 
 
 Among the entries of donations to them in the parish books, are the fol- 
 lowing : — 
 
 £. s. d. 
 S' W.Waller. 1646. — Rec' of Mr. Cornish, S' Wm Waller's gift to set the poore to worke 10. 0.0. 
 
 Gen. Fairfax. Rec' the Lo. Fairfax's gift to the poore - - - - - 2. o. o. 
 
 Rec' of Mr. Hale, counsellor^ of Lincoln's Innc, his gift to the poore 2. o. o. 
 
 1648. — Mr. Branch, clerk of St. Load' brought .£.30 at three different] 
 
 times from a gentleman unknown, all of wch he presently gave away with \ 30. o. o. 
 his owne hands - - -- - - - - - - -J 
 
 TheProtector The Protector having given the sum of £. 40, to be distributed among the 
 poor of St. Giles's parish during the hard winter of 1654, it was ordered — 
 
 " That the £. 40 given by his highness the L"" Protector, be laid out in 
 coals for the use of the poore." 
 JndgeHaie. 16.55. Rec* of Judge Hale, for the use of the poore, on the 11th of June, £. 1. 
 — This was doubtless the great sir Matthew Hale, whose donation of £. 2, 
 by the description of " Mr. Hale, counsellor, of Lincoln's Inne," is noticed 
 above. 
 L'Eftran'e I67O.— Rec' for the poor, of the gift of Sir Roger L'Estrange, £. 5. 
 
 This distinguished character was a parishioner, and has been noticed as 
 being buried in the church. 
 
 • 1691. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— POOR—ESTATES, &c. GIVEN TO. S07 
 
 1691.— Rec' for the poor, the gift of my lord Herbert, #€.10. — See memoir LordHerbert 
 of lord Herbert of Cherburj', in the next chapter. 
 
 The Bell at Raynham. — This estate is described in I6I8, to have consisted Estates given 
 of " Twoe messuages or tenements, lying and being at Rayneham in Essex ;" ^°' ^~~ 
 and was given that year by will, by Wriothesley Danvers, a parishioner, " unto 
 the only use of the poor people of the parish of St. Gyles in the fields, for ever." 
 Its produce, which was at first very small, was after the year I66I increased, 
 by converting the two houses into one, and is now appropriated towards the 
 better support of the almswomen. It is a well-accustomed public-house, 
 known by the sign of the Bell. 
 
 1640. — The annuity of Anthony Bayley to the poor, issuing from a messuage Anth. Bay- 
 at Turnstile in Uolhom.—See Turnstile Tavern. ^^^' ^^^'^^■^ 
 
 1668. — Alicia dutchess Duddeley, by will bequeathed the full sum of e€.400, Dutchess 
 " to purchase £.^0 a year, or more, lands of inheritance for the use of the poor (1668.)' 
 people that should be in the almshouses of St. Giles's-in-the-fields, for ever ; " 
 and directed the same to be paid within six months next after her decease, to 
 the parson and masters of the said parish ; and that the yearly profits should 
 be equally divided between the said poor, for and toward their maintenance 
 upon two days in the year, namely, Christmas-day and Whitsunday. 
 
 This legacy was in January 1669, paid to thirteen of the vestrymen ; who, 
 the following March, bought for ^.360, from William Quintine and Richard 
 Quintine, certain pieces of ground, in the parish of St. Michael, near Whitting- 
 ton college, London ; " where, on or before the dreadful fire of London, stood 
 four messuages or tenements, and then let to Richard Adcock for ^.18 
 a-year." The churchwardens subsequently, by desire of vestry, purchased 20^. 
 per annum more than they had agreed for with the money left by the dutchess, 
 and afterwards a farther ground rent of £.2 from the said Adcock, making 
 together £.21; which was charged upon the buildings erected by him on 
 such ground. The whole purchase money, and expence of conveyances, 
 
 amounted to 5&. 430. 95. 
 
 This estate, which is vested in trustees, is now let on repairing leases for 
 terms that will expire at Lady-day 1827, at net rents amounting to £.69 per 
 annum, and which are applied as directed by the testatrix. 
 
 Richard Holford, esq. (by feoffment before-mentioned) left in 1657, an estate Richard Hol- 
 
 R R 2 situate ^'''^- 
 
308 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 W. Wooden, 
 (1677,) called 
 " The Hamp- 
 shire Hog." 
 
 Margaret 
 
 Boswell, 
 
 (1720.) 
 
 Elizabeth 
 
 Cummins, 
 
 (1735.) 
 
 France* 
 Batt, (1736.) 
 
 situate in Princes-street, Drury-lane, consisting of two houses, one of which 
 was lately known by the name of the Key Bagnio. These houses are on lease 
 for two several terras, one of which will expire at Lady-day 1829, at net rents, 
 amounting to £.&0 per annum. The rents are applied by the vestry as 
 follows : — 
 
 To 20 old men, and 20 old women, on Christmas-day, 205. 
 
 To 20 ticket women, 7*. per quarter each. 
 
 And the remainder towards the better support of the almswomen. 
 
 1677. — William Wooden, a vestryman, gave by will " to the poor widows, 
 inhabitants of the almshouses, the sum of £. 3 per annum for ever, arising 
 from ground rent of the messuages, situate over-against the church of St. Giles- 
 in-the-fields ; " afterwards denominated the Hampshire Hog Alehouse. This 
 rent charge has since been converted into j&. 100 three per cent reduced 
 annuities. 
 
 1720. — Margaret Boswell, gave by will unto the parish of St. Giles, &c. 
 a£*.100 capital stock in the South Sea Company, " in trust that the income 
 thereof yearly should be applied and given to ten poor sick and distressed 
 families, housekeepers and become necessitous by misfortune, and not by 
 extravagancy or losseness." 
 
 This stock has been converted into £.\S3. 6s. 8 d. South Sea annuities of 
 1751 ; and stands in the names of the rector and churchwardens. The divi- 
 dends are payable to either of the churchwardens, and laid out in bread for 
 the poor weekly. 
 
 1735. — Elizabeth Cummins, widow, by will gave af.200, the interest whereof 
 to be distributed by the directions of the minister and churchwardens in bread, 
 monthly for ever, to the industrious poor of St. Giles-in-the-fields, not taking 
 alms of the parish. 
 
 This legacy was converted into j^.203. 6s. New South Sea annuities, and 
 stands in the name of the Accountant General of the court of Chancery. The 
 dividends are received by the rector and churchwardens for the time being. 
 
 1736. — Frances Batt, by will gave to the minister and churchwardens for the 
 time being, of the parish in which she should reside at the time of her decease, 
 £. 100, to be put out upon land, or other good security ; and directed the 
 interest thereof to be annually divided among the poor of the said parish. — 
 The testatrix died in 1744-5, in Holbom-row, Lincoln's-inn fields. 
 
 This 
 
MISCELLANEOUS— POOR— DONATIONS TO. 3(B 
 
 ' This legacy was converted into £. 100 new South Sea annuities, and stands 
 in the names of the rector and churchwardens. The dividends are applied in , 
 like manner as those on Mr. Boswell's legacy. 
 
 The following donations have ceased, or did not take effect : — 
 
 1647. — Bartholomew Ivery, alias Overbury, gave by will three tenements in Bartholomew 
 Great Ambrey (Almonry,) Westminster, for the use of the poor. These were ^^""y'^* ^"^"^ 
 subsequently sold, and the receipts carried to the churchwardens account for 
 the poor. — See more of him in the next chapter. 
 
 1676. — Henry Carter, gave this year £.5Q to the churchwardens, " for them HenryCarter 
 to distribute 5s. every monthly sacrament ; and the like sum on every Christ- (^"'^'^ 
 mas and Good Friday yearly for ever, among the poor in the almshouses." 
 The principal to be kept for ever in the churchwardens hands. 
 
 1677' — The Honourable Robert Bertie, gave £.50 for 60 dozen of bread, to Hon. Robert 
 be distributed yearly by the churchwardens at their discretion, on certain ^'^'^^'l' 77) 
 appointed days. The principal always to be preserved entire, and every 
 churchwarden was for that purpose to give credit for this £.50 as received in 
 his accounts. 
 
 16 — . — Mr. Scudamore, by will gave to the poor of St. Giles-in-the-fields Mr.Scuda- 
 parish, twenty shillings a-year for ever, payable from the Vintners Company, 
 London. It is not mentioned how this sum was to be employed. 
 
 1685. — John Butler, gave by will, " all that his messuage or tenement, John Buder, 
 situate at Pye-corner, in the parish of St. Sepulchre, London, known by the ^^ ^'' 
 sign of the Bell, and all his term of years therein." The rents and profits to 
 be applied to the benefit of the most necessitous poor of the said parish. The 
 lease (which was renewed by the parish,) expired in 1738. 
 
 1686. — Robert Hukup, a vestryman, left this year a legacy of £.4:0 per Robert Hul- 
 annum, charged on "certaine messuages or tenements, late of captain William "P'^^ '' 
 Whitcombe, situate neare unto Drury-lane," to the use of the poor of 
 St. Giles's parish. 
 
 1690. — Mr. Sowerby, gave ^.50 for 50*. per annum, to be paid to Mr.Sowerby, 
 Mr. Merydale, churchwarden, for the use of the poor ; he giving security for ^^ ^°'' 
 the same j" which seems to have been accepted, though no declaration or 
 order occurs relative to it subsequently. — N. B. The index to the vestry 
 minutes, 1719, says — " Query, what is become of this?" 
 
 1694. — In this year credit is given in the churchwardens accounts for 
 
 £.1.13s.4>d. 
 
310 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Rd. Leech, 
 (1706.) 
 
 JohnPearson, 
 (17070 
 
 Ann Wilson, 
 (1746-) 
 
 Estates 
 claimed by 
 parish, but 
 not recovered 
 
 Premises in 
 
 Turnmill- 
 
 street. 
 
 ^.1. 135. 4id. as having been received of one Par^«ter, for houses the back side 
 of Holborn. This Mr. Pargiter was a parishioner and vestryman in the reign 
 of Charles II. The houses were called " Pargiter's-rents," and afterwards 
 " Feathers-court." The last rent received was in the year 1714i, when it is sup- 
 posed the term for which the same was payable expired. 
 
 1706. — Richard Leech, late lecturer, gave by will " his interest in two 
 houses in Plumbtree-street, St. Giles's, to the rector and churchwardens ; 
 the rents, &c. to be applied towards the education of the poor children in the 
 two schools lately erected for boys and girls, in the same street. 
 
 This lease has long since expired. — See " Charity Schools." 
 
 1707. — JohnPearson, gave by will an exchequer annuity of a€. 50 for 99 
 years; of which £.25 was yearly distributed among the almswomen, and the 
 remainder was expended in binding out apprentices, providing coals for the 
 almswomen, &c. The annuity expired in 1805. 
 
 17'i5. — Ann Wilson, gave by will £.600, to be lent out at interest; and the 
 produce thereof to be paid for causing public prayers in the church every 
 morning during eight months in the year, at six o'clock ; and the other four 
 months at seven o'clock. But if the parish should not think proper to accept 
 the legacy upon such terms, then the same to be null and void. 
 
 N.B. — This legacy was not accepted. 
 
 There were also several yearly payments of small sums for building upon the 
 churchyard wall, opening lights, &c. but which have been discontinued upwards 
 of a century. Various particulars respecting these, as well as relating to the 
 afore-mentioned donations, will be found in other parts of this work ; as also 
 notices, among others, of the following donations which have ceased, or were 
 only of a temporary nature, viz. — The bequest of dutchess Dudley to the poor 
 at her funeral ; together with legacies given by her daughters, lady Leveson, 
 lady Ann Holborn, &c. bequests of the lords Falconberg, Bellasys, and various 
 other antient and eminent parishioners. 
 
 The following are estates left to the poor, and which were formerly claimed 
 by the parish, but do not appear to have been recovered: — 
 
 " Certaine tenements in Turnmill-street, St. Sepulchre's," left by will by 
 Jane Savage of Highgate, in I678, to the poor of St. Giles in-the-fields 
 parish, and those of St. Sepulchre, St. Martin, and St. Giles, Cripplegate ; and 
 
 about 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— POOR— ENTRIES OF RELIEF TO. SI 1 
 
 about which disputes having arisen, order was made for this parish to seek to 
 recover its right to tne same, and to treat with the other named parishes upon 
 the subject. 
 
 N'. B. — This estate was claimed by the heirs at law. 
 
 1681. — Vestry order for "a piece of ground to be considered of, situate in Ground near 
 or near Shoe-lane, Holborn, and which was lately given to this parish by one °^' *"*" 
 
 Ashman, and the same to be reported." 
 
 1685. — A piece of ground, lying in or near Green Dragon-yard, and said Ditto, near 
 to belong to this parish, to be enquired about and reported. go^n-yard!^^ 
 
 1719. — For Mr. Cheevley, clerk in chancery, to be paid his bill of £.55. YJs. 
 in a cause depending between this parish and others, about a certain piece of 
 ground, situate in Crabtree Field. 
 
 Entries of Reliefs 8^c. to Poor. 
 
 We proceed to the mode of relieving, maintaining and employing the poor, Reliefof poor, 
 before the erection of the parish workhouse, as exemplified in different entries ^^^''y^'i™^"^ 
 in the parish books ; and which contain some of the more curious items as to 
 casual relief, pensioning a.x\d Jarming them out, management and apprenticing of 
 children, regulations for their better government, &c. 
 
 £. St a. 
 1640. — P* to poore Slater, in Queen-street, and his sicke children - - o. 2. 6. 
 1641. — To a poore woman brought to bed of two children in the Back-lane - o. 2. o. 
 
 For a shroude for a poore child that dyed in Rider's-buildings - - o. i, 6. 
 
 1642. — To Mis, Mabbs, a poet's wife, her husband being dead - - - o. 1. o. 
 
 Mr. Mabbs is the second unfortunate poet of this parish, mentioned about 
 this time. Old Guy has been already noticed. They were probably little above 
 the rank of ballad-makers. Chapman, buried in the churchyard in 1620, and 
 most likely a parishioner, was a poet of a superior order. 
 
 1647.- P*" and geven to Gooeli/ Paret, to buy her boy ij shirts ; (Charles, his"! £. s. d. Goody Paret. 
 father, is a waterman at Cheeswick, and he is to keepe him at 205. a yeare I o. 3. o. 
 from Xtmas) _---.--.---J 
 
 1 648.^Cave to the X/«<^yPigof, in Lincoln's-inn-fields, poore and desirvinge relief, o. 2. 6. LadyPigot. 
 
 The books afford no information as to this lady Pigot, but from the place of 
 her residence, she was probably once a parishioner of consequence. It is not 
 unlikely, from the date of tlie entry, but she might be the widow of some par- 
 tizap of the royal cause, whose affairs had been ruined by his loyalty, and which 
 
 induced 
 
312 
 
 Lady Thorn- 
 bury. 
 
 Casual relief 
 to foreigners. 
 
 To poor, at 
 fire of Lon- 
 don. 
 
 Slaves. 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 induced her to accept the wretched pittance mentioned. We also kno>r 
 
 nothing of the lady mentioned to be relieved in the next article. 
 
 £. s. d. 
 1670.— Given to the Lady Thornbury, being poore and indigent - - - 0.10.0. 
 
 1640. P"* to Mr. Hibbs's daughter, with childe, and like to starve - - o. 1. o. 
 
 Gave to buy young ^nes, a pair of shoes - - - - - o. o. 6. 
 
 N. B. — The natural son of a Sir John Aries, whose will is afterwards ordered to 
 be searched for by vestry, to see if they could recover any indemnification for 
 his maintenance. 
 1641 . — To oulde Goodman Street, and olde Goody Malthas, very poore - - — 
 1645. — To Mother Cole, and Mother Johnson, xij*. a peece - - - - 
 
 1646.— To William Burnett, in a sellar (cellar) in Ragged Staff-yard, being"! 
 poore and verie sicke ----------J 
 
 1648. — To Goody Sherlock, in Maidenhead-field — lent our lynnen wheel, and"l 
 gave her to buy flax _-------- -J 
 
 ^To Goody Paret, in Bore's Head-alley, in Queen-street — lent and\ 
 
 gave as above -----------J 
 
 The following are entries of casual relief to foreigners and strangers, reduced 
 by various means, redemption of persons out of slavery, &c. 
 
 o. 2. o. 
 
 o. 1. 6. 
 
 o. 1. o. 
 
 o. 1. o. 
 
 1640. — Gave to Signor Lefcatha, a distressed Grecian - - - 
 
 To a poore Yorkshireman, vndone by fire - - - - 
 
 To Mr. Jacob, a poore distressed gentleman - - - - - 
 
 1642. — ^To Lazhie Melchitaire, of Chimaica, in Armenia, to passe him to his\ 
 owne couutrie, and to redeeme his sonnes in slavarie under the Turkes -J 
 -P* and given to a plundered minister 
 
 d.: 
 
 o. 5. 0. 
 
 - o. 
 
 1. o. 
 
 1654.— P"* towards the relief of the marriners, maimed soldiers, widowes and\ 
 orphans of such as have dyed in the service of parliament - - -J 
 
 i666. — Collected at severall times towards the reliefe of the poore sufferers,"! 
 burnt out by the late dreadful fire of London _._-./ 
 
 4- 11. o. 
 
 8.4. 
 
 1670, — Total of money collected this year from the parishioners towards 
 the redemption of slaves, a^. 154. 15*. 9d. Various entries occur previously 
 of sums given by the churchwardens for this purpose. 
 
 1679. — By an order made this year in special sessions, for the relief of 
 casual poor, a paymaster was directed to be appointed annually, who was only 
 to pay by the authority of a note from two overseers ; and which note or notes 
 were to express the name and place of abode of the party relieved ; and were to 
 be examined at the next Sunday meeting. 
 
 I687. — Ordered by vestry, for that " Whereas Mr. Blake, now a prisoner in 
 the Fleet, did some time before his imprisonment give severall suits of apparell, 
 
 to 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— POOR— REGULATIONS AS TO. 313 
 
 to be by the then churchwardens and overseers given to sev" poor children of 
 this parish ; and the said Mr. Blake having now made his application to vestry 
 for something towards his enlargement, &c. That Mr. Merydale the church- 
 warden do give, from the parish money in his hands, a^.lO unto the said 
 Mr. Blake." 
 
 As to Pensioned Poor. — Ordered, 1638- " That the overseers do pay ac- Pensioned 
 cording to the direction of a book, to such poor children and pensioners as are ^°°^' 
 entered in the said book ; and if any pensioner die, they not to admit any new 
 ones, without the approbation of the churchwardens and vestrymen, by order 
 from them," &c. 
 
 1646. — Churchwardens ordered to view the pensioners, and determine what 
 yearly pension should be settled on them. 
 
 1656. — Regulations as to pensioners frequenting church on Sundays, being 
 catechized and instructed, &c. 
 
 1675. — Order for the pensioners to wear brass badges. 
 
 1685. — The parish claimed the effects of a deceased pensioner, who was found 
 to have left £. 40 in cash. 
 
 1697- — Second order for pensioners to wear brass badges on red cloth. 
 
 Farming out Poor. — 1641. — P*" to Hart for nursing of a poore chylde almost Farmin'^out 
 starved to death by the mother in Maypole-lane, 9*. 9d, of poor. 
 
 " 1647 (Ap" 1.) — Phihp Reynolds and Elenor his wife ag' the Star Tavern 
 in Field-lane, in St. Andrew's parish, Nicholas Austin, kept by them three 
 quarters of a year. It was borne, as they say, in one Buntine's house, in y° 
 litle alley in Bloomsbury. The parents put this childe to this Reynolds, and 
 none of them have bin dwellen in Gyles's parish this ij yeares." 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 1658. — P** to Constance Bolton, for keeping of John Chries, two weekes, att\ q „ ^ 
 \^d. per week ------_-_-./'■' 
 
 P"" to Mary Blake, in Drury-lane, for lodging of Goody Hayes, 39"! ^ 
 
 weekes, at 4d. the week, is 13s.; and for a quarter, is/*. 6rf. - -J ' ' * 
 
 J 709. — Ordered that Richard Dyot, esq. be paid three j'ears rent of Mary"! ^ 
 
 Colicot -------__._./■■' 
 
 Children, Apprenticing, &c. of.— 1646. — " Ordered, that the monies Apprenticing 
 voluntarily given to set the poor to work be given to the churchwardens, for of children. . 
 putting forth of poor parish children apprentices, and otherwise to be disposed 
 of as the churchwardens should think fit." 
 
 1670. — (June 30.) — " This day appeared in vestry 20 boys, placed out 
 
 S s apprentice 
 
Su ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 apprentice by the gift of her grace the late dutchess Dudley, 19 whereof were 
 born within our parish of St. Giles-in-the-fields, but the twentieth boy does 
 not appear to us to be born therein. The sev" names of their respective 
 masters, and the monies repayable to them at the expiration of their appren- 
 ticeships, are hereinafter pticularly set down as followeth." . . 
 
 We omit the list for brevity sake. 
 
 16 — . — Ordered that 2 s. 6d. per week be laid out in bread, to be allowed 
 to the parish children, in order to encourage them to come to church. — 
 N. B. In 1679, this custom was done away with as an unnecessary charge. 
 
 I7I8. — Severall parish children having perished for want of due sustenance, 
 
 18s. p quarter having been found too small to pay to the parish nurses under 
 
 whose care they have been placed ; 24 s. p quarter ordered to be paid to them 
 
 for the future, until such children attain 8 years of age. . 
 
 Small Pox 1728. — Permission given to inoculate three children of the small pox, and 
 
 Innoculation. ° 
 
 no more, and to be shewn to the workhouse committee. 
 
 1656. — Pensioners to come every Lord's day to church ; and once a fort- 
 night at 3 o'clock in the afternoon to be catechized and instructed in the 
 principles of religion. 
 
 1675. — To be distinguished by wearing brass badges ; and 1697. a second 
 order, " that the churchwardens doe provide 400 brass badges, and set the 
 same upon pieces of red cloth, for the pensioners to wear, pursuant to act of 
 Parliament lately made for that purpose." 
 
 N.B. — The vestry minutes contain many other similar regulations, but not 
 of sufficient interest to be copied here. 
 
 Establishments, ^c. for. 
 Establish- WoRKHOusE. — [Somc slight notice of the workhouse, as a building, has been 
 
 workhouse, taken in the last chapter ; as also of the almshouses, schools, and other paro- 
 chial establishments here for the relief of the poor. The following entries, 
 and documents will be found to supply a number of curious particulars re- 
 specting them, which are there omitted :] 
 
 Thir parish, in common with many others, seems at first to have used 
 a general workhouse, which is mentioned in the following entry : — 
 
 1662. — Paid and expended a going to Hixeshall for to petition-i ^' 
 
 for the corporation and workhouse | 0. 8. 0. 
 
 The 
 
 i 
 
£. s. d. 
 ■30. 16. 9. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS.— POOR— ESTABLISHMENTS FOR. 315 
 
 The "corporation" here mentioned, was a union of several parishes to The first, or 
 erect a dwelling for their poor ; in which business St. Giles's took the lead Workhouse. 
 by first collecting money, petitioning, &c. as appears by this and after en- 
 tries, viz. — 
 
 1663. — Paid in collecting the money for the workhouse booke,"! 
 and going to the workhouse by order of warrant - - - "J 
 
 The necessary funds for establishing a suitable building (which according to 
 these extracts, St. Giles's parish endeavoured to collect the year after obtaining 
 their petition,) from some obstacles we are unacquainted with, seem not to have 
 been raised j and a lapse of nearly six years took place without any thing 
 effectual being done, an indictment in the mean time, having been laid 
 against the accountant or collector, for neglect, the parish determined for the 
 reasons set forth in a subsequent vestry order, to defend him. 
 
 1669. — P"* and expended in defending the accomptant ag" an indictment for 
 not collecting the money assessed for the workhouse, he not being able to 
 do the same ; and the parish having formerly paid the sum of £.995, or 
 thereabouts, and little or no benefit accrued ------ 
 
 1670. — Ordered, that the travers of the indictment against Mr. Morris, con- 
 cerning the workhouse, be defrayed at the parish expence. 
 
 The same year also, a charge of £. 6. 12*. is booked for " defending the 
 overseers " in the same business. And the matter appearing not to have ter- 
 minated satisfactorily to the parish in a court of law, a petition according to 
 the next entry on the subject, was presented to Parliament, viz. — 
 
 1670 (December.)— Ordered, that the expences be allowed for the petition 
 depending in Parliament against the workhouse. 
 
 These disputes seem to have subsided soon afterwards, and the workhouse 
 in question, (if the different entries refer to the same building,) to have been 
 peopled, to judge from the following minute : — 
 
 (January.) — Ordered, that a committee be appointed to treat with the 
 
 adjacent parishes, who were comprehended in the late act of Parliament con- 
 cerning the workhouse, in order to their contributing towards the fees and ex- 
 pences paid in p'curing the said act. And 
 
 The nature of the act of Parliament here mentioned, and the share St. Giles's 
 parish took in getting it passed, is further explained in an entry dated 1694, 
 which states, that " whereas the p'isshioners of the p'ish of St. Giles-in-the 
 fields have been at the very great charge of p'curing or obtaining an act of 
 
 s s 2 Parliament 
 
316 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Clerkenwell 
 Green. 
 
 Second work- 
 liouse. 
 
 Brass badges, 
 for workhouse 
 poor. 
 
 Parliament to passe concerning a certaine 'workhouse, near Clerkenwell Green, 
 built at the costs and charges of the inh'itants of divers parishes in the county 
 of Midd'x : And whereas the churchwardens and inh'itants of the parish of 
 Stepney, al's Stebonheth, have agreed to pay to the ch'w'd'ns of this p'ish the 
 sume o{ £.S5 for and towards the same; — Ordered, that such sum of £.35 be 
 accepted," &c. 
 
 Second Workhouse. — ^Having provided an asylum for their aged and 
 impotent poor, (for the above appears to have been procured for that purpose 
 rather than for labour,) it remained to purchase or erect a second place which 
 might be properly called a workhouse. It was accordingly, in 
 
 1674 — Ordered, — " That the churchwardens should treat with the landlord 
 of a certaine tenement, in order to the taking of the same for to set the poor 
 on tvorke." . 
 
 And the next week the churchwardens report — 
 
 That in pursuance of the last vestry order they have taken, " a certaine 
 
 tenement in Browne's Gardens, to sett the poore on worke ;" which was ap- 
 proved on by vestry, 
 
 Robert Freshwick, carpenter, having undertaken to prepare the tenement so 
 engaged, for the reception of the paupers, and submitted his estimate of ex- 
 pence to vestry, it was, in January 
 
 Ordered, that " The articles, which are approved of, be sealed, between 
 
 the churchwardens and Robert Freshwick, undertaker of the workhouse." 
 
 By the following May (I675), the building appears to have been got ready, 
 or nearly so, as it is then further 
 
 " Ordered, that the churchwardens do buy formes and tables for the work- 
 house, necessary for the employment and use of said house, for setting the poor 
 on worke." 
 
 And 1676, — It is ordered, that the poor on this establishment, like the pen- 
 sioners, do " wear brass badges." 
 
 In I68O, a removal of this workhouse was contemplated, probably in conse- 
 quence of the building just mentioned being to be pulled down on the destruc- 
 tion of Brown' s-gardens, and the building of the Seven Dials. We know not 
 how otherwise to account for the following entry, viz. — 
 
 " Ordered, that inquiry be made of certaine houses in or neare a place 
 
 called Whetstone-park, within the aforesaid parish, in order to the same being 
 taken as habitations for the poor." 
 
 College 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— POOR— ESTABLISHMENTS FOR. 
 
 317 
 
 College fok Infants. — This, and the building which follows, were not 
 properly parochial establishments, being neither exclusively devoted to the use, 
 or situated in St. Giles's parish ; but, as shewing some of the plans proposed for 
 bringing up the infant poor before the erection of a regular parish workhouse, 
 are noticed in this place. The following are vestry orders relative to them : 
 
 1682. — " Whereas Mr. Blake hath made his request to this vestry, to give 
 encouragement to an hospital at Highgate ; it is therefore thought fit, and 
 ordered that Ralph Bucknall, esq. Mr .James Parthenike, &c. and the two ^sent 
 churchwardens, be a committee appointed, or any four of them, to inquire into 
 the proposals of the said Mr. Blake, and to make report thereof." 
 
 And it was further ordered — 
 
 " That if upon the report of the said committee, the vestry shall be satis- 
 fied with the said proposals, that the twenty parish children shall be placed 
 in the said hospitall, at six pounds per annum each, at the parish charge." 
 
 1688. — Ordered, that it be left to the discretion of the psent churchwardens 
 and overseers of the poor of this parish, to consider of some poor parish chil- 
 dren, not to exceed ten in number, to be sent to Sir Thomas Rowe's College 
 for Infants. 
 
 Present Workhouse. — The first proposition for building a regular parish 
 workhouse, is noticed in the following entry : — 
 
 1717. — Mr. Innocent's proposals about a workhouse, ordered to be consi- 
 dered ; and a committee to be appointed to treat with him. 
 
 This treaty did not take effect, as a subsequent vestry order directs, " the 
 churchwardens to find out and treat with the owners for such houses for the 
 sicke poor as they may see convenient." And it was afterwards ordered, 
 " that a committee do meet at Joe's coffee-house, Bloomsbury-market, to view 
 the houses in the Coal-yard, for an hospitall." 
 
 And towards the latter end of the same year (1717>) the Coal-yard not 
 answering the purpose, it was ordered — 
 
 " That another committee should be appointed, to make inquiry about 
 a piece of ground in Tottenham-court-road, for an hospitall;" and they were 
 also directed to view and measure the same ground, described in an after entry 
 to be then in the possession of Mr. Pestall, apothecary, and to make and 
 return a plan thereof to the next vestry. 
 
 This ground was not taken, and the matter rested 'till I72I, when the 
 subject of a suitable parochial workhouse was again revived, and a committee 
 
 College for 
 infants. 
 
 Highgate. 
 
 Sir Thomas 
 Rowe's col- 
 lege. 
 
 Present 
 ■workhouse. 
 
 Coal-yard. 
 
 Ground at 
 Tottenham 
 court-road» 
 
 wa» 
 
318 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Dudley 
 court. 
 
 Vinegar- 
 yard. 
 
 Number and 
 expence of 
 poor. 
 
 was appointed to treat with Dr. Baker (the rector) for the purchase of Dudley, 
 court, (wliere the parsonage-house stood, and which had been probably pulled 
 down or abandoned,) for a workhouse. But this negotiation like the former, 
 did not succeed, and another committee was appointed — 
 
 " To view and take a plan of a piece of ground, called Vinegar-yard, and to 
 treat with Mr. Richard Gregory for the purchase thereof, for a burial ground, 
 hospital, and workhouse, for the use and service of the parish." 
 
 An agreement was afterwards made for the purchase thereof for a€. 2,252, 10*. ; 
 and a Mr. Harriot having in the mean time given in proposals for managing the 
 poor to be placed in the intended new building, a printed Case, for pecuniary 
 assistance, was submitted to the parishioners. Stating — 
 
 " That the poor of the parish to be relieved, then amounted to upwards of 
 840 persons, the expence of whom amounted to above e^. 4,000 a-year. ('') 
 That vestry had purchased at a great expence a piece of ground near Bowie- 
 yard, sufficient for a workhouse and hospital, as well as for an additional bury- 
 ing place ; and had received and approved of a proposal of Mr. Matthew 
 Marriot, for employing the able, and maintaining the impotent poor, in a regular 
 and proper manner, agreeably to what he was certified to have done at Tring, 
 Berkhampsted, Luton, &c. But that to execute this scheme, a large house 
 or houses, must be built by the parish, sufficient for the reception of all such 
 poor as were relieved ; where they were to be one family, supplied with meat, 
 drink and lodging, and employed in such work as they were capable of; to be 
 cloathed where wanting, and lodged in a cleanly manner, and the produce of 
 their labour sold for the benefit of the parish ; proper work being found for all 
 above five years of age." It proceeds to^detail the advantages of this plan, and 
 solicits contributions, &c. 
 Mr. Marriot. This appeal being successful, and vestry having caused it to be signified to 
 Mr. Harriot, — " that his proposal for maintaining and employing the poor was 
 
 accepted," 
 
 ("') The}' were classed as follows : 
 
 £. 
 
 162 All above seventy years"! 
 
 of age - - - -J 
 
 126 Parents, overburthened"! 
 
 with children - -J 
 
 183 Children, parents dead,^ 
 
 or run away - - -J 
 
 s. d. 
 750 
 
 600 
 
 800 — — 
 
 £. 
 
 600 
 
 s. d. 
 
 70 Sick at parish nurses - 
 300 More, lame, blind, mad, 
 infirm, &c. of different 
 ages . _ _ 
 Incident charges, assurgeons,-j 
 apothecaries bills, cloaths > 
 for hospitalls, &c. at leastJ 
 
 £. 4,200 
 
 ''I 
 
 t> 1,200 
 
 250 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— POOR— ESTABLISHMENTS FOR. 31J) 
 
 accepted," the deeds of purchace were prepared, trustees named, and 
 Mr. Hucks, (the brewer,) was appointed treasurer for the subscriptions. A com- 
 mittee was also agreed on to sit weekly during the progress of the building, 
 and all other things arranged for the due proceeding with the work. 
 
 The ground and buildings so agreed to be purchased, were described as com- site of work- 
 prizing " all that messuage or tenement, with the land thereunto belonging, ^""^^j *'' 
 situate in Bowie-yard, &c. then in the occupation of the said Richard Gregory ; 
 and all that messuage or tenement, with the land thereunto belonging, situate 
 in Bowie-yard aforesaid, in the occupation of Richard Box, cordwainer ; and 
 also, all that messuage or tenement, with the land thereunto belonging, situate 
 in Bowie-yard aforesaid, in the occupation of John Kempe, woodmonger, with 
 their appurts, &c. To which was added, an entrance of ten feet wide out of 
 Short's-gardens. They were bounded on the east by the backs of houses in 
 Crown-court, afterwards purchased by the vestry of Stephen Clarke ; on the 
 north by the line of houses on the south-end of Lasselles-place, and the back of 
 the present infirmar}', (then Kempe's house and yard,) including the broad 
 space opposite Gregory's house, now part of the workhouse : on the west, as 
 at present, by houses and the stable-yard, late Mr. Mountain's, and on the south, 
 by the backs of houses in Short's-gardens, lately purchased. (") 
 
 A committee being appointed in 1723, to consider of the best manner of Report of 
 applying this ground, &c. to its intended use, taking down the brewhouse, *^°'"'"'"^^- 
 stopping up lights, and doing other necessary things preparatory to building, 
 reported on the 30th of March 1724 — 
 
 That, in pursuance of the order of vestry, they had caused the brewhouse to 
 t)e pulled down for enlarging the burial ground ; and they recommended for 
 fencing in the same the erection of a proper brick wall, as also certain regu- 
 lations respecting the making of graves near it, &c. As to an hospital for the 
 sick poor, they were of opinion that " a long room one pair of staires in the old 
 building, at the east end of Mr. Gregory's buildings, would make a very con- 
 venient hospital for women ; and the square room within it for men :" and 
 
 they 
 
 (*°) 1723. — (Jan" 7th and 8th.) — Richard by the order of vestry; and in the mean 
 
 Gregory, the son of Richard Gregory, the time to apply and dispose of said premises, 
 
 ■vendor, in 1603, with his trustees, conveyed and the rents, &c. thereof, for the use and 
 
 the premises to five of the vestry and their benefit of the said parish and the parishioners 
 
 heirs, upon trust, to convey the same to thereof, as should from time be directed by 
 
 such person or persons, and for such uses, such order or orders of vestry. 
 Sac, as should from time to time be directed 
 
320 ' ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 they recommended it to be fitted up according to the estimate of Mr. Wood- 
 ward, a carpenter ; also, that Mr. Gregory's late dwelling-house be appro- 
 priated for the two nurses, except the parlour and dining-room, which may 
 be reserved for meetings, &c. And they observe, that in this house there 
 would also be a room besides for two or three poor people, who might not be 
 proper to lie in the common hospital rooms, on account of their distempers and 
 condition. In regard to the workhotise, they state, that the two rooms under 
 the hospital would be proper for this use, with certain alterations and additions 
 which they suggest as necessary to be previously made. 
 
 This report was confirmed, the estimates mentioned therein agreed to, and the 
 alterations made accordingly ; and in July following, directions were given for 
 erecting a wing next Mr. Clarke's ("). 
 
 The buildings and alterations were finished before March 1725, for on the 
 
 second day of that month, an additional rate was ordered to be made for the 
 
 relief of the poor, " to make good the monies laid out in building and furnishing 
 
 the workhouse, and buying stock to set the poor to work." 
 
 Expence of The sums so laid out were, as appears by the churchwardens accounts, as 
 
 building 
 
 workhouse. folloWS : — 
 
 1725. 
 
 Purchase-money, as before stated - - £. 2,252 10 — 
 Paid towards building the workhouse this year - 1,461 16 4 
 Towards furnishing the same with all necessaries 423 5 — 
 
 Original cost - - - £.4,137 11 4 
 
 The accommodations thus provided were soon found insufficient, for in the 
 year I727 the present iirftrmary was erected upon the site of Kempe's house 
 and yard; the expence of which was £.531. 7s. 10 d.; and the part of the 
 
 house 
 
 (*') The ground purchased for the erection part of an estate also before noticed under 
 of this new wing has been partly described the same head, which was granted in 1654, 
 in the account of ShortVgardens and adja- and is described as consisting of various 
 cent estates, head " Aldwych, West." The pieces of ground, on which stood fourteen 
 deed of sale, dated 1707, states it to lie on tenements, with two acres of land, abutting 
 the south side of the street called the Old west on a parcel of ground called Noselings ; 
 Town, next Greyhound-court, &c. It com- together with a chamber called the Gate- 
 prehended (amongst various other pieces of house, two messuages known by the signs of 
 Mulberry land) the garden ground called the Bowie, aud Black Lambe, &c. all situate 
 Garden. ti,g '^Mulberry Garden," the in the parish of St.Giles-in-the-fields, and 
 site of Dudley Short's house, part of Grey- theretofore the inheritance of William Bar- 
 hound-court, &c. The ground on which ber, Anne Barber, and Thomas Barber, &c. 
 the old part of the workhouse was built, was 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— POOR— ESTABLISHMENTS FOR. 321 
 
 house originally fitted up as infirmaries, was converted into wards for the con- 
 valescent poor and those able to work. And the next year, the further sum 
 of £.680. 7 s. was expended on account of additional buildings and repairs at 
 the workhouse. 
 
 We have described the workhouse as a building, in the topographical part of 
 this work, and shall, as matter of curiosity, finish this account of it with a few 
 memorandums and estimates, as to its early management, and the successive 
 increase of expence in its maintenance to the present time. 
 
 1724 (April 23.) — Matthew Marriot, the projector, was appointed the first 
 master ; and on the 22d of December, in the same year, the first workhouse 
 committee was appointed. 
 
 1726 (October 25.) — It was referred to the said committee to grant, if they 
 think fit, eight certificates. 
 
 1727 (Nov. 6.) — The first report from the workhouse committee. 
 
 1755 (July 18.) — The burial ground at the workhouse being full, and the 
 rector of Bloomsbury refusing to bury persons dying there, though belonging 
 to Bloomsbury parish : — the opinion of the attorney general to be taken on the 
 subject. 
 
 Almshouses. 
 The origin of these has been stated. The almspeople are elected from time Almshouses. 
 to time by the inhabitants. 
 
 On the grant of the ground by lord Southampton, (?*) two gentlemen of the 
 
 parish 
 
 (**) His motives for the gift are thus set tion of this present Pound,) may be erected 
 
 forth in the deed : — " Whereas I, Tiiomas upon the extreeme part of St. Giles afore- 
 
 earle of Southampton, am informed, that said, abutting upon the highway within the 
 
 the inhabitants of my manor of St. Giles-in- p'isslie of Marybone, in the said county. — 
 
 the-fields, in the county of Middlesex, are And that to give furtherance to so good 
 
 desirous to erect an almshouse for the main- a worke, &c. said earl doth grant such 
 
 tenance of aged impotent persons; and do ground as aforesaid, amounting in the whole 
 
 conceive, that within the said mannor and to 75 foote in length and 30 foote in breadth, 
 
 parish there is not any place more commo- for the term of 500 years, at an annual rent 
 
 dious than upon that part of the great street of i2d. if demanded; upon condition, that 
 
 called the Old Town of St. Giles-in-the- said inhabitants, Sic. should before Mich 'as 
 
 fields, neere the church of the said parish, 1657, erect and build thereon five several 
 
 where the Cage and Pound now stand ; and houses, each house containing 1 5 foote in 
 
 80 much more land thereout adjoining, as breadth, and as much in length ; and one 
 
 shall be requisite to be employed for the story in height, &c. for such poor as afore- 
 
 purpose aforesaid. And that another Pound siiid." 
 containing 30 foote square (being the propor- 
 
 Tt 
 
322 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Bequests to 
 almshouses. 
 
 Case as to 
 removal of 
 almshouses. 
 
 parish were chosen for surveying and erecting the intended buildings. " Mr. 
 
 Blythe was employed for the brickwork, and Mr. Seagood for the carpenters 
 
 work, jointly ; and the frame work was to be finished and completed by the 
 
 1st of November," (1656). 
 
 The following are the items of expence for removing the pound, &c. and 
 
 erecting the almshouses, as set down in the churchwardens accounts : — 
 
 £. s. d. 
 1656 (Nov.) — Paid for carpenters work done at the almshouses,"! ^-j, ^ 
 
 and for the removing of the pound and cage - - -/ 
 
 P*" for making the leases from the R' hble the earle of 
 
 } 
 
 2 
 
 Soutbton of the pound, whereon the almshouses are built 
 N.B. — The whole sum disbursed about the almshouses amounted to 296 12 10 
 
 The bequest of the duchess Dudley of j€.400 to these almshouses, and the 
 manner in which it was appropriated, has been just mentioned, as also the 
 following gifts, viz. — 
 
 1674. — The gift of Henry Carte for the almshouses, to buy land, ^^.50. 
 
 1707. — An exchequer annuity of £.50, left by John Pearson. — And 
 
 The gift of William Wooden, of £. 3 per ann. issuing from the mes- 
 suage called the Hampshire Hog, 
 
 Pearson's gift was ordered by vestry, to be commemorated by " a marble 
 stone, to be set up in memory of Mr. John Pearson, who has left a€.50 per 
 annum to the poor almswomen, and for putting out five children apprentices." 
 
 1686. — The almshouses were ordered to be repaired j and again in 1704, 
 together with the shed at the great gate. 
 
 1782 (August.) — A case was made out for the opinion of the attorney gene- 
 ral (afterwards ch. just. Kenyon,) as to the expediency of removing the alms- 
 houses. It stated, that " The said almshouses being situate in the middle of 
 the High-street, rendered the passage adjoining very narrow and inconvenient ; 
 and the buildings being in a ruinous decayed state, the vestry (which is select) 
 was desirous to take them down, and lay the ground into the public way for 
 accommodation. That his grace the duke of Bedford was heir at law of the 
 late earl of Southampton, and was lord of the manor of St. Giles w"" Blooms- 
 bury ; but during his grace's minority, the legal estates and manerial rights 
 were vested in his trustees, who would consent that the ground should be made 
 p* of the public highway." 
 
 That the vestry intended building other almshouses in a more convenient 
 
 situation. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— POOR— ESTABLISHMENTS FOR. 323 
 
 Mtuation, as soon as a piece of ground could be procured for that purpose ; 
 and were ready in the mean time to provide a residence for the women, and 
 pay them their usual allowances. But a doubt had arose, how far the vestry 
 could carry their intention into execution with safety to themselves, and with 
 safety to the several charities, without an act of Parliament ; and they asked, 
 *• Whether the bequests in favor of the almswomen, might not be forfeited, 
 and revert back to the heirs at law of the donors, if the then building was 
 destroyed, although it should be built in another place." 
 
 To these queries the Attorney General returned as answer : — 
 
 " I am of opinion, that the vestry may carry their intention into execution, Attorney Ge- 
 without risking a reversion of the charitable donations. The gifts do not con- "pralsopi- 
 tain any condition," (they were particularized in the case,) " as to the place 
 where the almshouses shall be situated j and therefore I have no doubt, but the 
 income of the several funds will be properly applicable to the almshouse people, 
 although the almshouses shall be removed to another situation." 
 
 In pursuance of this opinion, Mr. Robertson, the then vestry clerk» under the 
 directions of the vestry, agreed for the purchase of a piece of ground, with 
 certain ruinous buildings thereon, situate on the north side of Lewknor's-lane, 
 which was deemed a suitable site for the intended almshouses ; and 1783, 
 (Sept. 25 and 26,) the said premises were, in consideration of £.560, conveyed 
 to Philip Dyot, and other trustees, Cint. alia J by the description of — 
 
 " Certain messuages, tenements and premises, which according to a then 
 late survey thereof, contained in front next Newtoner's (Lewknor's) lane, 30 
 feet on the south j on the west 70 feet ; on the north next the Coal-yard and 
 Swordbearers-alley, 46 feet ; and on the east, to a break, 24 feet ; then running 
 west 14 feet, and then running south again so Newtoner's (Lewknor's) lane 
 46 feet," agreeably to a plan thereof drawn in the margin of the indentures. 
 
 On the 3d of October in the same year, Philip Dyot and the other trustees, 
 by their deed declared, " That the consideration money mentioned in such 
 indentures, was the proper monies of the persons composing the joint vestrys 
 of the parishes of St. Giles-in-the-fields and St. George Bloomsbury, and the 
 rest of the inhabitants of the said parishes, arising from public rates and assess- 
 ments, made by the said vestrymen ; and that the said messuages and here- 
 ditaments were so conveyed to them upon trust, at all times hereafter to per- 
 mit the same to be used and enjoyed by such person and persons as the said 
 vestry of the said parishes should appoint." And provision was made in the 
 
 T T 2 same 
 
S21 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 same deed for perpetuating the trusts, by conveying the premises to seven or 
 more new trustees, to be appointed from time to time, when the trustees for 
 the time being should be reduced to three in number. 
 
 Charity Schools. 
 
 Free schools. There appears to have been an establishment in this parish for teaching poor 
 children gratis, at least as early as the time of King Charles the First, as may 
 be seen under the head " Cockpit and Phcenix ; " but what was the nature of 
 this institution (which was then held at the deserted theatre of the Cockpit), 
 we are not told. It must be matter of conjecture, therefore, whether this can 
 be properly termed the original of the present parish free schools. 
 
 About fifteen years after this mention of the Cockpit School, the foundation 
 and endowment of a regular place of instruction for poor children, took place 
 through the benevolence of a parishioner. This establishment still exists, and 
 is called — 
 
 Shelton's Shelton's School. — Mr. William Shelton, (the founder) in I66I, purchased, 
 
 school. gj. ^jjg price of j^. 458. 10^. apiece of ground with certain erections, &c. on it, 
 
 situate on the south side of Parker' s-lane, and described to have been then late 
 in the occupation of the Dutch ambassador, which by his will, dated 5th July 
 1672, he devised to certain trustees and their successors, who from the rents 
 and profits thereof, were (int. alia J to lay out £A5 yearly upon Michaelmas 
 day, for buying twenty gowns for twenty old men and women of St. Giles's 
 
 His will. parish : and also for ever " to hire and provide a fit schoolmaster to teach school, 
 in the school and room he had appointed in Parker's \a.ne, Jifty children of the 
 poorest sort, 35 to be of St. Giles's parish, 10 of St. Martin's, and 5 of Covent- 
 garden ; and out of the said rents to pay the schoolmaster yearly £. 20, and 
 20s. to buy him a gown, provided he would wear the same ; and also £. 15 
 yearly for a coat for each of the said fifty scholars : and to provide yearly in 
 the summer two chaldrons of coals for a fire for the said children in winter ; 
 all the aforesaid coats and gowns to be of a green colour. The surplusage of 
 all the said rents to be employed to the binding forth of some of the said 
 scholars apprentices. With a provisoe that if there should chance to be any of 
 the kindred or relations of the testator or his wife, such kindred or relation to 
 be preferred." And the testator also directed, that the schoolmaster and 
 scholars should be elected, the gowns and coats purchased, and the rents 
 received by Ann his wife, during her life. 
 
 This 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— POOR— ESTABLISHMENTS FOR. 325 
 
 This will was proved the 30th of May I678, and the widow appears to have 
 died in or about the year 1681 ; for in 1682, the trusts of the will devolved 
 upon the rector and churchwardens of St. Giles, under the superintendence of 
 the vestry, as guardian of the parish interests. The premises at that time 
 appear to have consisted of coach-houses and stables in the occupation of 
 Lord Halifax ; and of several small old houses, partly let out in tenements to 
 paupers and other poor people, at rents amounting in the whole to between 
 «&.50 and e€.60 a year. 
 
 In consequence of the insufficiency of the funds, gowns were not provided 
 more than twice ; and the heir at law, in I687, agreed to accept £.'^ 10*. instead 
 of a€lO, as his portion of the rents. In I7OO the whole premises were upon 
 lease to two persons, at £.S^ per annum ; and afterwards, the buildings being 
 totally decayed, the whole were let for long terms, at ground rents amounting 
 to £.\5. 105. per annum. 
 
 The school was continued till the death of Mr. Read, the schoolmaster, in School shut 
 1763, when a considerable sum being due to the churchwardens, and the rents "f fundT^hi 
 being quite inadequate to the expence, it was discontinued ; and Mr. Richard 1766. 
 Remnant, churchwarden for I766, laid out a^.76. Os. lOd. of the monies 
 arising from this estate, and which was the accumulation to that time, in the 
 purchase of £. 83. 6 s. 8d. three per cent consols ; ^' it being the intention of the 
 vestry, that the rents should be laid out in the funds, to accumulate till a suffi- 
 cient sura should be raised for the purpose of recommencing the school, and 
 carrying the donor's will into effect. 
 
 In January 1769, the vestry named three trustees, in whose names the said 
 stock should stand ; and a regular account of the receipts and payments of 
 such trustees and their successors (likewise appointed by the vestry) was 
 kept and audited annually, till the 13th of February I8O6, when the vestry of 
 St. Giles declared, " That this, among other donations given to that parish, 
 
 before 
 
 (*^) The three per cents so accumulated, had then lately been received a year's rent to 
 amounted to £.6,758. 4s. 5^. producing Michaelmas last, being £.35. io«.; two years 
 yearly £.222. 14s. gd. The rent of premises property-tax on dividends, £.31. lis. io<f. ; 
 comprized in Cox's (one of the tenant's) lease, three years do. remaining due, £.53. igs.Hd.; 
 was £.27 per annum; and the then produce, half a year's dividend, due in January then 
 exclusive of Bromley's (another of the les- next, £.101. js. 4d. ; and in hand, and ex- 
 sees) premises, which might be moderately es- pected to be received in two months, 
 timatedat £.21 perann. was£.229. 14s. 9c?. £.222. 8s. lod. 
 In addition to the sums so invested, there 
 
326 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 before the creation of Bloomsbury as a parish, were so given for the benefit 
 of the whole district, now called St. Giles-in-the-fields, and St. George 
 Bloomsbury." 
 
 In pursuance of the above declaration, the joint vestry appointed new 
 
 trustees, and the account of their receipts and payments was audited in June 
 
 annually, by the committee appointed for auditing the parish accounts, down 
 
 to 1815, when a report as to the charity was made, which stated — 
 
 Proceedings That the rent charge of a^.lO devised to the heir at law of the devisor, was 
 
 towards re- supposed to have been released, for it had not been claimed for upwards of 
 
 opening it, m * * , '■ 
 
 1815. 70 years. That the estate was then let to various tenants, for different terms 
 
 of years, at rents amounting to £55. 10s. one of which terms would expire at 
 Midsummer then next ; and that for many years then past, the vestry had looked 
 forward to the expiration of the last-mentioned lease, as a period when, by 
 the accumulation of the funds, aided ty the rents, the school might be 
 re-commenced. 
 
 Upon the foregoing statement, which formed the substance of a report made 
 to vestry on the subject in 1815, it was thought expedient to inquire, 1st — what 
 annual sum would be necessary at that time, to re-establish and continue 
 the school, and other trusts, upon a permanent basis, and if the trust funds 
 should appear sufficient for that purpose ; 2d — whether any, and what, 
 arrangement could with propriety be made, for establishing the school upon 
 part of the trust estate, pursuant to the donor's will. 
 
 With respect to the first head of inquiry, the vestry, from an estimate given 
 in, and the report, came to a resolution, that the funds were then sufficient to 
 re-commence the said school, and other trusts mentioned in Mr. Shelton's 
 will (**). And a committee was appointed to fix on a proper place for re-esta- 
 blishing the school in, upon part of the trust estate, or otherwise, regard being 
 had to the local convenience of the several parishes interested in the same ; who 
 
 gave 
 
 ( ) The rents and dividends to the year would lake from the annual dividends there- 
 
 1815, as before-mentioned, with Bromley's of £.50, there would then remain to carry 
 
 premises, (estimated at £.21.) amounted to into effect the trusts of the donor's will, the 
 
 £.250. 14s. 9 d. per annum. Butasitmight annual sum of £.200. 14s. gd. This sum, 
 
 be necessary to erect or purchase a school- it was calculated, would be more than suffi- 
 
 room, with a residence for the master, and cient to support the school, (allowing for 
 
 supposing the expence thereof (after apply- the difference of prices in the present day,) 
 
 ing the money in hand,) should require the as well as to provide the apparel for the poor 
 
 sale of as much of the funded property as men and women. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— POOR— ESTABLISHMENTS FOR. 327 
 
 gave it as their opinion, that the re-establishment of the school on any part of 
 the trust estate, should the access be through Parker's-lane, would by their 
 being continually exposed to bad example, rather corrupt than improve the 
 morals of the children ; and that on these grounds it would not be expedient 
 to have the school there, but to sell the materials of the old buildings, and 
 establish the school elsewhere. And a part of Lloyd's-court, adjoining the Rebuilt and 
 west end of the church, being afterwards to be disposed of, and found to be in ^6^"°P^°^ • ^ 
 all respects suitable to the purpose, a lease thereof was taken, and a new school- 
 room (or rooms) was erected. This building, which is finished in a neat and 
 appropriate style, is the present Shelton's school, and the establishment itself 
 is now in a flourishing state. 
 
 Parish School. — This school owes its endowment chiefly td the reverend Parish 
 Richard Leech, who, as just noticed, gave by will, anno 1704, " two houses in ^ °° "' 
 Plumbtree-street, formerly called Newton's houses, in trust, for the instruction 
 and good education of poor children of the parish, whose parents were not 
 able to pay for the same." 
 
 This will was read in vestry, April 22, I7O6, when it was agreed upon, 
 " That the rents, issues and profits of the said houses, should be applied for 
 the instruction and education of the poor children in the two schooles,' 
 (i. e. school-rooms,) " lately erected and sett upp for boyes and girles in 
 Plumptree-street ; and that Mrs. Leech be desired to make an assignment 
 thereof pursuant to the said will, and that such deed or instrument should be 
 prepared accordingly." 
 
 These schools now stand in Museum-street, and like the one last mentioned, 
 are in a flourishing state. — The following are additional notices relating to 
 them : — 
 
 1705. — " The churchwardens were ordered to consider of setting up and 
 making two new seats in the church, for the children of the new charity 
 scoole, one for the boyes, and another for the girles." 
 
 1706.—" A gift, by will of Mr. John Pearson, of £.25 yearly, (part of 
 a legacy of £. 50, for 99 years,) to apprentice five boys or girls, out of the said 
 schools yearly, during the said term."— Alluding to the above and Shelton's 
 schools, Strype (Ed. Stowe's Survey, 1720,) says,—" There are four charity strypi 
 schools in St. Giles's parish, cloathing 128 boys, and 60 girls not cloathed. "^"""^ °^ 
 The voluntary subscriptions, i€. 90 per annum; collections at sermons, about 
 per annum £.32 j gifts from the beginning, per annum ^.40 ; and 12 girls put 
 
 out 
 
 e s ac- 
 of 
 Schools here. 
 
328 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH 
 
 St. Giles and 
 Bloomsbury. 
 
 St. Giles's 
 Manor. 
 
 First vested 
 in hospital. 
 
 Antient 
 grants. 
 
 out apprentice." Hogarth sarcastically hints at the defective state, as to 
 cloathing, of the parish schools in his time, by representing Tom Nero in his 
 four stages of cruelty, as a St. Giles's charity boy, and literally in rags. This 
 defect as to apparel, has however long been done away with. 
 
 Manors of St. Giles and Bloomsbury. 
 
 The manors of St. Giles and Bloomsbury (which were antiently divided by 
 the great foss or ditch before mentioned, called Blemunde's Diche) are butted 
 and bounded by the following other manors, viz. — on the south-east, by the 
 manor of Holbom ; on the north-east, by the manor of Portpole ; on the south, 
 by the liberty of the dtichy of Lancaster ; on the south-west, by the manor of 
 St. James, Westminster ; on the north-west, by the manor of St. Mary-le-bone ; 
 and on the north, by the manor or prebend of Tottenliall. 
 
 The manor of St. Giles, immediately subsequent to, and probably before the 
 conquest, was in the crown ; the eight acres given by queen Matilda to found 
 St. Giles's hospital (which were part of it,) being expressly stated to have been 
 a portion of the royal domains (''). 
 
 With the grant of the hospital site the remainder of the manor was most 
 likely included ; but of this, not having the foundation charter of Matilda, we 
 are uncertain. That it was afterwards vested in the hospital, is evident from 
 (amongst others) the following documents (^®). 
 
 A grant by Robert Lonecote to Thomas Stoke, reg. Hen. Ill, of a mes- 
 suage, &c. in Aldewych, in St. Giles's parish, the consideration of which is 
 a yearly rent of 5s. " to be paid to the chief lords of the fee, the brethren of 
 St. Giles's hospital." (Same reign) — a grant from Roger de Clare, master 
 and the brothers and sisters of St. Giles's hospital, to Walter Cristmasse, of 
 " a plot of land of their fee, situate on the hyde (Aldewych) in the parish 
 of St. Giles," subject to an annual payment at their court of sixpence. 
 
 A grant from Adam de Stoke to Richard Champnum, of a messuage in 
 St. Giles's parish ; rent yearly " to the chief lords of the fee, the master and 
 brothers and sisters of St. Giles's hospital, at their court of St. Giles's," half 
 a mark. — Also, 
 
 (Reg. Edw. 1.) — Grant from the master and brothers and sisters of hos- 
 pital, to William Richard and wife, of certain land in Aldewych, to hold by 
 homage and service. 
 
 The 
 
 (*') See confirmatory charter of Henry II. 
 
 (*°) See grants at the end of Account of Hospital. 
 
holders. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS.— MANORS OF ST. GILES, &c. 329 
 
 The persons holding land under the hospital, about the period of these 
 grants, were numerous, and comprehended most of the population of the 
 parish. One or two acres, and often less, was the usual quantity of ground 
 occupied by one tenant, and contained his cottage and garden. Of those 
 holding larger portions, accounts will be found among the hospital deeds. 
 Exclusively of these, the escheats, temp. Edw. I, and Edw. Ill, mention the 
 following persons, as being very considerable landholders here at the different 
 periods they bear date : 
 
 (Esch. 30. Edw. 1, 31.) — "William de Kirkeby, master of St. Giles's hos- Great Land- 
 pital, died seised without the bars of Holborn, of one messuage and six acres 
 of land, held of Richard de Gloucester, at a rent of 3s. 2d. per annum ; 
 a house held of Juliana de Gayton, at a rent of 4id. per annum; and one acre 
 of land held of John de Cherryng, at 12 d. per annum; and fifty-three acres 
 of meadow, and six acres of ditto, held of the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, 
 at a rent of 6s. 6d. per annum ('') ; and which said messuage was worth per 
 annum 2s.6d.; and the said fifty-nine acres of meadow land were worth per acre 
 6d. making together the sum of £.3. 2 s. per annum ; and the same six acres, and 
 one acre, were worth per annum 9*. ; and the said house, which the said 
 William held, with a certain garden belonging thereto, were worth per annum, 
 half a mark. And the same William held four acres of vineyard Cvinece,J 
 worth 26s. and four acres of meadow, worth per annum, 126?; and three acres 
 of meadow, which was William Grymbald's, and which after his decease should 
 go to Roger, and Isabella his wife, and to William, and to the heirs of the said 
 William and Isabella. 
 
 (Esch. 43. Edw. Ill, p. 2. 2nd. No. 35.) — John Padbury, and Alice his 
 wife, enfeoffed William de Olney and others, of one messuage and one hundred 
 and forty acres of land, and fifteen acres of meadow, and three marks rent, 
 situate in the parish of St. Giles of the Lepers, without the bars of the Old 
 Temple, held of the king in capite, and worth (after all outgoings) the sum of 
 10 marks per annum. 
 
 The ground held as above by John Padbury (who must have been the pro- 
 prietor at this time of great part of the parish, and have had numerous tenants 
 
 under 
 (*') This latter estate was probably situate in Tottenhall prebend. 
 
 Uu 
 
sso 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Manor 
 granted to 
 Lord Lisle. 
 
 Wymond 
 Carewe. 
 
 Lord 
 
 Mountjoy. 
 
 under him,) came much of it in after-times to be the property of the hospital, 
 by grants from the holders, in way of charity to that foundation ; and was, 
 with other portions of the hospital estates, exchanged, as has been shewn, with 
 Henry VIII. But the manor continued in the hospital till the dissolution, when 
 it was granted with the hospital and other premises, to lord. Lisle ; — who two 
 years afterwards conveyed to Wymond Carewe, "the hospital mansion, or 
 manor-house of St. Giles, with other adjoining buildings and land ;" — but not, 
 as appears from any words in the licence, the manor itself j which probably 
 continued in lord Lisle's own hands, till by his attainder and execution, in 
 the reign of Mary, it reverted to the crown. 
 
 On the reversal of the attainder, and restoration of the estates to Ambrose 
 Dudley, son and heir of the duke of Northumberland (formerly lord Lisle,) the 
 manor of St. Giles, we may presume, came again into the possession of the 
 Dudley family ; but does not appear to have continued in it long, as in the 
 year 1565, (5 Eliz.) it was held by the lord Mountjoy, in right of his wife 
 Katherine, whether by descent or purchase, we know not. 
 
 (Ehz. 13. c.c. 15, 52.) — By bill in Chancery, for performance of trusts as to 
 this manor, Charles Blounte, esq. v. sir Cotton Gargrave, bart. it is stated 
 (int. alia) that the right honourable James Blount, bart. late lord Mountjoy 
 deceased, (father and mother of the said Charles Blounte, administrator, &c.) 
 were in their life-times seised (int. alia) in their demesne as of fee and right, 
 of the manor of St. Giles, in the county of Middlesex, as well as of rents, 
 lands, and tenements, situated at Hoggesdon (Hoxton,) and in the city of 
 London ; — and that they, the said lord Mountjoy and wife, about the fifth year 
 of the reign of Elizabeth, did grant and to farm let unto Thomas Hemminge- 
 waye, all that their messuage or tenement called the Maidenhead, parcel of the 
 said manor, situate in the same parish of St. Giles, with its appurtenances, to 
 hold for 90 years ; — and the same year did grant to Thomas Ampthill, all 
 those eleven messuages or tenements, with the appurtenances, situate in the 
 same parish, on the south side of the town, also parcel of the same manor, to 
 hold for 99 years; — and (7 Eliz.) did further demise for 1,100 years, unto the 
 said sir Cotton Gargrave and Thomas Cotton, certain premises in the county 
 of Dorset, to hold to the use of the said lady Katherine Mountjoy; provided 
 the said James lord Mountjoy did exonerate and discharge, so much of the 
 
 said 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— MANORS OF ST. GILES, &c. 331 
 
 said manor of St. Giles, as the said lord Mountjoy and lady Katherine had 
 mortgaged for £.'2,800, unto Robert Browne, and Thomas Browne his son; 
 which condition was not discharged : — 
 
 That one master Cope, citizen of London, knowing of the said leases to 
 Hemingewaye and Ampthill, did afterwards take a mortgage of the said pre» 
 mises in St. Giles's, of the said lord Mountjoy, and had the same forfeited for 
 a trifle in respect of the value thereof; and neither complainant nor his mo- 
 ther, lady Mountjoy, were lawfully able to enter on account thereof; 
 
 And prays relief, &c. (*') 
 
 In consequence of this mortgage to master Cope, or by other means we are Master Cope, 
 unacquainted with, the manor of St. Giles (as appears by documents of a later 
 date) was transferred from lord Mountjoy and his heirs, into the possession of 
 the Copes, who ranked for several years afterwards amongst the most distin- 
 guished inhabitants of the parish, and was next held by sir Walter Cope ; who Sir Walter 
 dying left it with his other estates, to his sole daughter and heiress, Isabella 
 Cope. Isabella Cope marrying sir Henry Riche, knight, (second son of the LordRiche. 
 lord Riche of Kensington,) the manor in her right became the property of her 
 husband; and was, 14 Jac. I, by indenture between the said sir Henry Riche, 
 dame Isabella Riche, and dame Dorothy Cope, (mother of the said Isabella, 
 and relict of the said Walter Cope,) sold to Philip Gifford and Thomas Risley, 
 
 esquires, trustees for Henry earl of Southampton, " in consideration of the sum Henry Earl 
 ^ > -^ ^ ' of South'toii. 
 
 of 
 
 (") The following (as appears by a sub- viz. " One then entire great messuage or tene- 
 
 sequent bill) were other premises, part of mente, now sithence being divided into two 
 
 this manor; and account, with the foregoing sev"" messuages or tenements, and now or 
 
 statement, for the Cotton family becoming late being in the sev'all tenures of Thomas 
 
 parishioners of St. Giles's : — Stafford and Margery Evans : And also, of 
 
 (Eliz.c.c. 51,28.) — Robert Cotton, ». Tho- and in four other messuages or tenements, 
 
 mas Grasty, William Parry, &c. — Claim by scituate in HigheHolborne,late in the tenure 
 
 lease of messuages in High Holborne, parcel of Miles Goulty, being also leased by a lease 
 
 of the manor ofSt. Giles, late y' inheritance of thereof, made and dated 5 Eliz. (1565) for 
 
 lord Mountjoy. — States, that James late lord divers years, of which five years were then 
 
 Mountjoy, and the lady Katherine his wife, (1 598) to come and unexpired ; to bold for 90 
 
 did on the nth of May (8 Eliz.) lease unto years, at a rent of four marks per annum ;" 
 
 Thomas Cotton, knt. father of Robert Cot- Complains that the aforesaid premises are held 
 
 ton, of Gray's-inn, esq. complainant, the from him, the said Robert Cotton, as heir 
 
 following premises, of which the said lord of his father Thomas Cotton, by the afore- 
 
 Mountjoy was seised in right of his wife, named defendants, and prays relief, 8cc. 
 the same being their demesne, as of fee, &.c. 
 
 u u 2 
 
332 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISHj 
 
 of £.600, paid by the said most noble Henry earl of Southampton," &c. by 
 the description of — 
 
 " All that the manor and dissolved hospital, commonly called the manor or 
 dissolved hospital of St. Giles-in-the-fields, without the bars of London, in the 
 county of Middlesex, with all their rights, members, and appurtenances ; and 
 all and singular messuages, mills, houses, edifices, structures, gardens, orchards, 
 &c. situate in the villages, hamlets, parishes, and fields of St. Giles-in-the-fields, 
 St. Pancras, Kentish Town, Maribone, St. Martin-in-the-fields, Holborne, High 
 Holborne, and Paddington, in the county of Middlesex, or elsewhere in the 
 same county ; except the tythes of a certain parcel of land called Bloomsbuky, 
 sold to one Samuel Knowles." (*') 
 
 From Henry earl of Southampton, the manor of St. Giles (together with that 
 of Bloomsbury, which was before in the same family) descended to his son 
 Thomas Earl and heir, Thomas Wriothesley, fourth earl of Southampton, and lord-treasurer 
 to Charles II, who held it till his death in 1668, when it became the property 
 of his daughter and co-heiress lady Rachel Russell, the wife of the celebrated 
 William lord Russell, who by her marriage brought it into the Bedford family, 
 the present holders of the manor of St. Giles with Bloomsbury. ('") 
 
 Bloomsbury Manor. — This manor is bounded on the south by the manor 
 of St. Giles, (from which it was formerly parted by Blemunde's diche ;) on the 
 north, by the prebend of Tottenhall ; on the east, by the manor of Portpool, 
 or Gray's-Inn j and on the west, by that of Mary-le-bone. Its name has 
 been before accounted for. 
 
 The successor of the Blemunde family, is stated in the hospital deeds, to 
 have been a Sir William Belet, knight, of Chigwell, who in a grant, 19 Edw. I, 
 from William Wetheresfeld, master of the hospital, to Gervase de Sco Egidio, 
 
 (see 
 
 Bloomsbury 
 Manor. 
 
 Its antient 
 owners. 
 
 (•') Trin.Term, 15 Jac. I, Rolllxiiij.— 
 In the Lord Treasurer's office in the Exche- 
 quer, " D. Pho. GifFord, ar. et Thomae Ris- 
 ley, ar. occonat ad ostend' quare maner' et 
 Hospital', sci Egidij in Campis, cu p'tinin 
 in com. et Civit' p'd in man' Dni R. nam 
 racone alienaconis inde capi et seisi non 
 deb'." 
 
 C°) The following places in St. Giles's 
 parish^ are in the manor of St. James; viz. 
 
 The whole of its southern side or half, 
 reaching in length from Hog-lane or Crown- 
 street, west; to Lincoln's-inn-fields, east; 
 and in breadth from the hospital walls, and 
 the line formed by St. Giles's-street and Hol- 
 born, to Elm-close or Long-acre, in part, 
 and St. Clements parish, in other part ; and 
 including Marshland, Aldwych west and east, 
 Lincoln's-inn-fielfJs, and the land anliently 
 called " Spencer's Lond." 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— BLOOMSBURY CHURCH AND PARISH. 333 
 
 (see Chap. IV, Account of Hosp.) is said to be then lord of the fee. Of the 
 intermediate holders from this early period, to its coming into the possession of 
 the Southampton family, we have no account. 
 
 In 1611, Henry, third earl of Southampton, demised certain land in Blooms- 
 bury to one George Collins, who also held other premises in the parish, as 
 appears by a bill in chancery of that date, which states — • 
 
 " That the said George Collins was seised of divers edifices, messuages and 
 buildings ; and one parcel of ground, containing by estimation, twelve acres, 
 situate in the parish of St. Giles-in-the-fields, by virtue of a lease to him thereof 
 made by the right honorable Henry earl of Southampton, bearing date the 8th 
 day of July, in the 8th year of his majesty king James, at the yearly rent or 
 sum of £. i5. And also of an estate in fee simple of and in a certain messuage 
 
 in the same parish, then late in the tenure or occupation of one Odiard, 
 
 widow : and of and in divers closes or parcels of land, called or known by the 
 name of Colmanhedge-Jield, containing together, by estimation, 35 acres, situate 
 in the parishes of St. Giles and St. Martin' s-in-the-fields ; by virtue of leases to 
 him thereof made by the king's majesty (James I,) sealed with the seal of his 
 highness' court of exchequer, dated 19 July, an. reg. sui. 4, granted to Francis 
 Bristowe, gent, for forty years, at a rent of fifty-two shillings and sixpence, and 
 sixteen shillings for the price of a shepe." 
 
 1649. — Thomas earl of Southampton, in his gift of the ground to found 
 the almshouses on, describes himself as " lord of the manor of St. Giles 
 with Bloomsbury ;" but the ground given is said to be part of his manor of 
 St. Giles. 
 
 Bloomsbury manor came into the possession of the Bedford family at the Bedford 
 same period, and by the same means with St. Giles's manor, to which it was at ^^^''y* 
 that time united. — We proceed to some account of 
 
 Bloomsbury Church and Parish. 
 
 This church and parish was erected on account of the great increase of Bloomsbury 
 inhabitants in the mother parish, as has been shewn in speaking of the rebuilding ^^^J^^ ^""^ 
 of St. Giles's church. 
 
 By the act 10 Anne, commissioners were authorized to separate and take a 
 particular district, or part, out of any of the large parishes in and about London 
 and Westminster, where any new church should be erected, &c. " provided 
 
 (with 
 
S3* ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 (with reference to this parish) that nothing in said act should extend or be con- 
 strued to extend to deprive alter or take away any rights or dues whatsoever, 
 which the then present rector of St. Giles-in-the-fields should or might, during 
 the time of his being rector thereof, be legally intitled to out of the said new 
 parish, (Bloomsbury,) after the consecration of the said new church," &c. and 
 by act 1st George I, it was further enacted, that until an effectual separation 
 and division of the parishes of St. Giles-in-the-fields and Bloomsbury could be 
 had and obtained, according to the powers, &c. given for that purpose by the 
 act 10 Anne, the officers of the said new parish of Bloomsbury, from and after 
 Proceedings the 25th of March 1731, were to be chosen annually, at such times as the 
 preparatory churchwardens overseers and other officers were chosen annually for St. Giles's 
 
 to Foundation _ •' 
 
 of. parish ; and all rates for the relief of the poor of both the said parishes, 
 
 were to be made by the overseers of both parishes jointly, and levied, accounted 
 for, and disposed of, the same as if this act had not been made. The work- 
 house of St. Giles's also was declared to be for the joint use and benefit of 
 both parishes, and was to be repaired, supported, maintained and managed 
 from time to time, as should be thought necessary by the vestries, and at the 
 joint expence of both parishes ; provided, that all rights titles and claims 
 whatsoever, were and should be saved to the most noble Wriotliesley duke of 
 Bedford, &c. 
 
 The act 3 Geo. II, states in continuation, " That pursuant to the acts of 
 10 Anne, &c. a scite for a church had been purchased, and a new church built 
 thereupon, near Bloomsbury market, in the parish of St. Giles-in-the-fields, &c. 
 and a scite for a house for a minister had also been purchased, and a house built 
 accordingly thereupon, near the said new church ; and a district or division for 
 a new parish to the said new church had been laid out, and the bounds and 
 limits thereof described ; that the said new parish was taken out of, and part of 
 the parish of St. Giles-in-the-fields ; and as yet the said new church had not 
 been consecrated, nor any provision made for the maintenance of the rector 
 and his successors ; — enacts therefore, that towards raising such maintenance, 
 &c. the sum of jg. 3,000 should be allotted and appointed, and be laid out 
 in purchasing lands, for the use of such rector, and for and towards his 
 maintenance, &c. 
 
 The act then further proceeds to state a proposition of the parishioners of 
 St. Giles, provided their own church should be rebuilt as one of the intended 
 
 fifty 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— BLOOMSBURY CHURCH AND PARISH. 335 
 
 fifty new churches, viz. that they were willing to pay £. 1,250 towards the better 
 maintenance of the rector of such new church, (") states that such sura was Maintenance 
 accepted, and directs the same to be laid out in purchasing land % and enacts, " '"^'^'*"^' 
 that the annual rent of such land so to be purchased with the said two sums of 
 ^.3,000 and ^.1,250, be deemed and taken to be the annual maintenance of 
 the rector of the new church, over and above such fees and dues as should 
 belong to him, and the house for his habitation; and over and above all such 
 gifts and bequests as should not exceed in the whole the yearly value of ^.200. 
 Enacts that a cemetery or churchyard be appointed for the new parish; that 
 the commissioners (with the consent of the vestry of such new parish) have 
 power to affix the sums to be paid to the rector and officers for burials ; and 
 that all vaults under the church, (except those belonging to the rector's 
 dwelling house,) as also the vestry-room, seats, pews, &c. be at the disposal of 
 the churchwardens, with the rector's consent, &c. 
 
 The scite of the intended new church was purchased for the sum of e&. 1,000, S<=''* °f 
 of lady Rachel Russell and the duchess of Bedford, by the description of 
 "All that piece or parcel of ground, situate lying and being within the 
 manor or reputed manor of Bloomsbury, and parish of St. Giles-in-the-fields ; 
 containing, in front, towards the south, on Hart-street, 106^ feet of assize, 
 or thereabouts; and from south to north, 165 feet, or thereabouts; and in 
 front, towards the north, on Little Russel-street, 106^ feet of assize, or there- 
 abouts," agreeably to a plan annexed to the deed of sale. And it was declared 
 in the same deed, that such ground was so purchased for the building of a new 
 church, and that there should not be any person buried therein. 
 
 The church was erected previously to the year 1724. For on the 8th of Church 
 January in that year, five of the commissioners, by deed poll under their consecrated. 
 
 hands 
 
 (") The vestry and churchwardens state, and intreat the commissioners in consider- 
 in making this proposition, a scheme for ation of their so doing to rebuild St. Giles's 
 raising a yearly income of £.350, for the church, or if that be not thought proper, that 
 rector, as follows : — £.8,000 may be given towards enabling the 
 
 " The Easter offerings, £.100; burials parishioners to rebuild it. And add as a fur- 
 and register fees as rec"* by y« p'sent rector, ther reason, that the old parish by the pro- 
 £.70; marriages, christenings and church- jected division, which takes from them the 
 ings, £.30; Out of y= publi'ke money, of far greater part of the rich inhabitants, and 
 £.2,500, £.100; The [lartsli to purchase in leaves them almost all the poor, will be to- 
 South Sea annuities, £.50, making £.350 tally disabled from rebuilding or supporting 
 per annum;" and offer, in case of deKciency it themselves, &c. These inducements, it 
 or miscalculation to make good such amount; will be seen above, were successful. 
 
S36 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Commis- 
 sioners ap- 
 pointment of 
 a parish. 
 
 hands and seals, did declare and appoint, that the said church should from and 
 for ever after the enrolment of that deed, and the consecration of the said church, 
 be made a parish church. And by the same deed, the commissioners did de- 
 scribe, set out and appoint, a certain portion of the parish of St. Giles-in-the- 
 fields, as and for the limits of a new parish for the said church ; but either from 
 the want of funds or some other cause, the commissioners did not make any 
 provision for the rector, until after the before-mentioned proposition, and 
 passing of the act of 3 George 11. ('*) 
 
 The commissioners appointment of a parish for the new church of St. George, 
 Bloomsbury, dated 8 January 1724, after reciting the purchase of the ground 
 to build the church on, from lady Russell, &c. and that such church had been 
 erected and built on the piece of ground so purchased, states, that said com- 
 missioners did declare direct and appoint the said church to be a parish church, 
 and also that there should be a parish to the said church. The bounds or 
 limits of such parish, according to the same deed, were to be as follow: — ■ 
 
 " At and from the stone called the old boundary stone, towards the north- 
 east side of the parish of St. Giles, and within 18 J perches of the north-west 
 corner of the new burying ground there, by the Pindar of Wakefield, and from 
 thence proceeding to the north-west angle of the said burying ground, at 1 ^ 
 perch distance from the same ; then proceeding in a straight line southwards, 
 unto the footway that leads from Red Lion-street to Hampstead, being over- 
 
 against 
 
 d. 
 
 ('*) In a printed paper of the time, enti- 
 tled, " The Case of the New Parish of 
 Bloomsbury," &c. it is stated, That the re- 
 venues of the new parish of Bloomsbury will 
 consist of the following articles, and amount 
 to the undermentioned sums ; viz. — 
 
 Easter offerings for 6,ooo souls,^ 
 at 4d. per head, exclusively *• 
 of the higher sums which may ) i oo 
 be given by the nobility and | 
 gentry ... .J 
 
 Burials, upon an average, allow-l 
 ing 300 yearly, at 616 each, 1 100 
 fees - - - _ _J 
 
 Marriages and christenings, ex- 
 clusively of extra sums given ). 60 — 
 by the rich - . _ 
 
 40 
 
 Yearly produce of about i,34o/.'\ 
 
 being the 50th part of 67,000^. I £• s. d. 
 
 allotted out of the coal fund, \ 60 
 
 to maintain the ministers of I 
 
 the new church - - -J 
 Yearly value of the house allow-"! 
 
 ed to the rector - - -J 
 
 £.360 
 
 This computation is stated to be exclu- 
 sively of many lesser sources of income which 
 the rector would have, or be likely to have, 
 and is pleaded as a reason for not burthen- 
 ing the parishioners of the new parish with 
 a pound-rate, as had been intended ; and 
 the amount of which, according to se- 
 veral calculations therein made, would, if 
 levied, be more than sufficient and proper 
 for the rector's maintenance. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.— BLOOMSBURY CHURCH AND PARISH. 337 
 
 against the west door of the said burying ground, and 5| perches west from 
 the said doorj and from thence proceeding in a straight line cross Lamb's 
 Conduit Fields, to an antient conduit called the Devil's Conduit ; and from 
 that conduit drawing by the ends of the gardens in the eastward of a street 
 called Southampton-row, to two houses in the possession of Mr. Robins, one 
 on the north side of Southampton-row passage, and the other on the south side 
 
 of the said Southampton-row passage, late in the occupation of , through 
 
 and including the houses, keeping still on the back of the houses cross the 
 gardens, to the north-west angle of Kingsgate-street; thence making a turn to 
 the eastward, till it falls into the channel or middle of Kingsgate-street; and 
 thence running south, down to the end of Eagle-street, and thence turning 
 east into the middle of Eagle-street, about 8^ perches or thereabouts; 
 then turning square southwards, and going through two houses, one in the 
 possession of Mrs. Moore, and the other in the possession of Mr. Purchase; 
 and thence into the middle of Holborne, to the centre stone there, which is 
 commonly accounted the antient boundary of the said parish of St. Giles next 
 to the parish of St. Andrew in Holborne ; and then from the said centre 
 stone in the middle of High Holborne, proceeding westward down the middle 
 of Holborne, into the street called Broad St. Giles's, and going all along 
 the very middle of the said street, as far as the corner or middle entrance into 
 Dyot-street; turning square into the said street towards the north, and going 
 up the middle of the side street into Great Russell-street, and directly crossing 
 the said street through a house in the possession of Mrs. Harbour, including 
 the said house on the north side of Russell-street aforesaid, and thence going 
 north to a place commonly called the old boundary line, parting the said 
 parish of St. Giles and the parish of Pancras, where a boundary stone is 
 placed or intended to be placed and set up ; and thence going towards the 
 east, along the line called the old boundary line, reaching to the first men- 
 tioned boundary stone, by or near the said new burying ground adjoining 
 to the Pindar of Wakefield, and there ending from whence this description 
 first began." 
 
 " And the said commissioners did appoint the said several limits and bounds 
 before mentioned, to be the limits and bounds of the said new parish, on the 
 respective sides thereof abutting as aforesaid. And that all the houses (being 
 in number ) and all the buildings, ground and hereditaments, situate 
 
 lying and being within the limits and bounds aforesaid, which are more plainly 
 described by red lines in the scheme or ground plot to the said deed annexed, 
 
 Xx to 
 
338 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 to be the district and division of and for the new parish for the said church ; 
 and the said church should be, and it is thereby appointed to be the parish 
 church of and for such district and division.'* 
 Bloomsbury March 8, 1730, the commissioners by another deed, reciting in part the 
 vestry. former, and also reciting that the lord bishop of London, ordinary of the place 
 
 wherein the said new church did stand, had on the 28th of January then last 
 consecrated the said church, and that said church had thereby become a parish 
 church, and the district allotted to it had also become a new parish, by the 
 name of The Church and Parish of St. George Bloomsbury ; did nominate 
 and elect, with the consent of the said bishop of London, ordinary as afore- 
 said, certain persons therein named, as and for vestrymen of the new parish ("), 
 together with the rector and churchwardens for the time being, being suflB- 
 cient inhabitants, &c. And did further appoint that the number of persons 
 whereof the said vestry should consist, should not any time exceed thirty-six 
 persons, besides the rector and churchwardens, who should be always of such 
 vestry during their continuance in office. 
 
 These vestrymen and their successors, by the act 10 Anne, were to have and 
 exercise " the like powers and authorities for ordering and regulating the 
 affairs of the new parish, as the vestrymen of the parish out of which such 
 new parish, or the greater part thereof, should be taken, had and exercised." 
 And it was therein declared, " That all parochial customs, usages, bye laws 
 and priviledges, then in force or use within any present parish which should 
 be divided, might at all times after, and notwithstanding such division, con- 
 tinue and be in force, as well in and for every new parish of which the whole 
 or the greater part should be taken out of such present parish, as in and for 
 such parish as should remain to the present parochial church, and be used 
 enjoyed and observed by the inhabitants thereof respectively, as far as the same 
 should not be repugnant to the laws of the realm, and the intent of said act." 
 — And certain powers are given for making an effectual and perpetual division 
 of such parishes or districts so divided, as to the <;hurch rates, relief of the 
 poor and other parish rates ; but as these powers have not been acted upon, 
 
 and 
 
 ( " ) Among these names were the follow- Henry Featherstone, sir William Humphries, 
 
 ing distinguished persons, who formed part sir Hans Sloane, and Mr. serjeant Baynes, 
 
 of this first vestry :—Wriothesley duke of William Hucks, (the brewer,) &c. The rest 
 
 Bedford, chief justice Eyre, baron Thomp- were mostly gentlemen or tradesmen of high 
 
 son, sir James Hallet, sir Conrade Springel, respectability. 
 
 John duke of Montague, sir John Cope, sir > 
 
MISCELLANEOUS.—BLOOMSBURY CHURCH AND PARISH. 339 
 
 and are blended with certain provisions for the government of the parishes, 
 they are comprized under that head. 
 
 The commissioners having regard to the number of vestrymen in the old 
 parish, appointed, as has been seen, the same number of thirty-six for this, 
 exclusively of the rector and churchwardens. And by the act 3 Geo. II, 
 the choice of lecturer or afternoon preacher is, contrary to the custom of the 
 old parish, vested in the rector and vestrymen of the new parish. 
 
 The parochial customs, uses, &c. of the old parish being communicated to, 
 and directed to continue and be in force in, the new as well as old parish, 
 (except where altered by the said late act,) the number of vestrymen at present 
 necessary to constitute a vestry is thirteen at the least. At their first meeting. Their first 
 which was on the 17th of March 1730, (nine days after their appointment,) ^ '°^' 
 they elected and appointed a vestry clerk, parish clerk, lecturer, sexton, six 
 pew openers, three bearers in ordinary, and bearers extraordinary. And at 
 their second meeting, which was on the 24th of the same month, the rents 
 payable for seats and pews in the church, were ascertained and settled. And 
 it was resolved that prayers should be read twice every week day in the 
 church ; and that the reader should be allowed for such service £. 20 per 
 annum, to commence on the day following. 
 
 By the authority of the same act, 10 Anne, the commissioners purchased in 
 1713 a piece of ground for a churchyard, which was afterwards appointed to 
 be the churchyard of this parish. It is described in the deed of sale as — 
 
 " All that piece or parcel of meadow or pasture ground, part of a certain 
 field, containing by estimation 16 acres, as the same was then staked out and 
 divided, containing in the whole three acres or thereabouts ; abutting east 
 partly upon the queen's highway leading from Gray's Inn to Highgate, and 
 partly upon the said field south ; and west upon a certain field or fields of the 
 
 right honourable the countess dowager of Salisbury, and Bennett, or one 
 
 of them, and then in the occupation of Thomas Fuller ; and north upon part 
 of the Sixteen Acre Field," as more fully described in a plan annexed to the 
 said indenture. 
 
 And it was thereby declared, that the said piece of ground and premises, Bloomsbury 
 were purchased and intended for the making of two churchyards or cemeteries '""""^^ 
 for the burial of the dead ; one whereof lying to the southward, and con- 
 taining about one acre and a quarter, was to be laid to the new chapel situate 
 in Queen-square, then called St. George's-square, but which was intended to 
 
 X X 2 be 
 
340 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 'be made a parochial church : And the other, containing likewise nearly an acre 
 and a quarter, and adjoining the former, was designed to be a churchyard, and 
 was to be appropriated to some other new church to be erected, as should 
 be thereafter appointed by the said commissioners. And the remaining part 
 of the said purchased premises, containing about half an acre, was to remain 
 for a common passage to the said churchyards respectively. And 
 
 March 24, 1730, a committee was appointed by vestry to view this latter 
 churchyard, then appropriated to St. George Bloomsbury, and to give such 
 directions for the management thereof as they should think proper. And 
 1 April 1731, it was resolved, that an application by petition should be made 
 to the said commissioners, for the purchasing oi s. foot passage to the said burial 
 ground, and that the vestry of St. George the Martyr should be requested to 
 join therein. 
 
 The freehold and inheritance of the new churchyard, with the mansion or 
 dwelling-house of the rector, are by the same act of Anne, vested in such 
 rector and his successors ; who are declared to be seised thereof as in his and 
 their demesne as of fee in right of the church, in such manner as other rectors 
 are seised of their respective churches and glebe. 
 Vestry The following few notices are from the vestry minutes of this parish : — 
 
 1 April 1731. — The duke of Bedford presented the parish with one hundred 
 guineas to buy communion plate. 
 
 It appears by the minutes of the same vestry, that the commissioners had left 
 the church without a pulpit ; for a moving desk or pulpit was ordered, in order 
 to try in what part of the church the minister would be best heard. 
 
 3d Dec. 1731. — A rate of sixpence in the pound was ordered to be made on 
 the inhabitants of this parish, towards defraying the charges already incurred 
 in and about the new church and churchyard. And a committee reported, that 
 they had caused a gallery to be built on the west side from north to south, at an 
 expence of £. 140, which was paid by Mr. Milner, who would wait for repay- 
 ment thereof, with interest, until the rents of the pews in such gallery should be 
 sufficient for that purpose. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— ANTIENT PARISHIONERS. 341 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 ANTIENT PARISHIONERS. 
 
 Names and Particulars of the principal Families resident in Parish, as preserved 
 in the Hospital Records, from the Reign of Hen. I and II, dotmiioards ; 
 including Notices of the Pincerna, Blemonte, Russell, Spencer, Cristmasse, 
 Sackville, and other Families. — Noble and eminent Parishioners, from 
 Hen. VIII to end of Reign of Charles I. — Ditto from Charles II to the 
 Revolution ; with an Account of Tradesmen's Tokens, ^c. — Eminent 
 Parishioners from 1688 to 1731. 
 
 RECTORS, &c. 
 Chronological List, with Accounts, of Rectors, Curates, and other Ministers of 
 this Parish, from Hen. VIII to the present Time. — List, with occasional 
 Notices of Churchwardens, from I6I7 to \76l.— Ditto qf Vestry Clerks, from 
 the first Appointment, reg. Car. II. to 1790. 
 
 Principal antient Families and Parishioners. 
 
 THE few notices that exist relative to the very early inhabitants of this 
 parish, are to be found in the hospital grants, and may be seen in the account 
 of that foundation. Chap. IV. p. 191. 
 
 Of the several persons who antiently held estates in St. Giles's, it is difficult Residents, 
 to ascertain which were residents there. That some proprietors did not them- ^^ ^fXnds 
 selves occupy the premises they owned, seems likely from two or three pieces &c. 
 of ground, with the tenements on them, being stated to be the property of 
 citizens of London. Alketun, the goldsmith, named in one of the grants, had 
 land here, which his widow, Marsilia, sold to GeofFery de Hoddesdon, and 
 which the latter gave to St. Giles's hospital. Estates of Alan, citizen of Lon- 
 don, and of Richard de Rothinges, also citizen and burgess of London, are 
 described as situate in other parts of the parish ; and Adam de Basinge, custos 
 of the hospital, and mayor of London, had houses and ground next adjoining 
 Spencer's land, by Fikattesfeld. The most probable conjecture is, that these 
 
 estates, 
 
342 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 estates, or at least some of them, were gardens and pleasure houses, which 
 Fitzstephens tells us, the wealthier Londoners had then in great numbers in 
 the suburbs. 
 
 Pincerna PiNCERNA. — William le Pincema (butler) a descendant of the first William 
 
 family. ^^ Albini Pincerna, who came over with the Conqueror, (and from whom and 
 
 his younger brother, Nigel de Albini, sprung the earls of Arundell,) has been 
 noticed to have been among the first proprietors of land in this parish, four 
 acres of which, sold by him to St. Giles's hospital, are confirmed to that 
 charity by Henry II 's charter j but whether he lived in the parish does not 
 appear. The like doubt, as to residence, attaches to two other persons, Geoffery 
 the son of Fredesaud, and Brungarro le Stepne, landholders here, and whose 
 grants of premises are recognized in the same charter. The following seem to 
 have actually dwelt in the parish : — 
 
 Blemonte. Blemonte. — This family was the first as well in point of time as of impor- 
 
 tance, of whom mention is made, and appear to have been seated here nearly 
 as early as the conquest. Of these very antient parishioners, an account has 
 been already given. — See Chap. Ill, Account of Hospital — head, Anniver- 
 sary Obits, &c. 
 
 Russell. Russell Family. — Contemporary with the Blemontes, and holding estates 
 
 in or near Bloomsbury, was another eminent family, of the name of Russel ; 
 but whether any way related to the present noble owners of the manor of the 
 same name, does not appear. Seman Russel, William Seman (Russel,) his son, 
 and Henry Russel, the grandson, grant various pieces of land, described in 
 the deeds as abutting " on the way leading to Totten hall (Tottenham-court- 
 road), and which must have stood on the scite, or nearly so, of the present 
 Great Russell-street. William Russel, another of the family also, witnesses 
 several of the hospital deeds. These Russels were inhabitants of the parish 
 during the reigns of Henry III, Edward I, and Edward 11. 
 
 Spencer. SpENCER. — The " Dispensators," or Spencers (probably ancestors of the pre- 
 
 sent noble family of the same name,) held land near Fikattesfeld, which from 
 them was called " Spencer's Lond," and a ditch by which it was bounded, was 
 named Spencer's Dig, and Spencer's Dyke or Diche. William Dispensatory or 
 Dispenser, the elder, Robert Dispenser, William Dispenser the grandson, and 
 Militent and Roysia Dispenser (wives of the two latter,) are mentioned, 
 either as proprietors of, or witnesses to transfers of estates, in various deeds 
 of Edward the First's time. 
 
 ClIRISTEMASSE, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— ANTIENT PARISHIONERS. 343 
 
 Cristemasse, Sackville, &c. — The family of the Cristemasses, of which Cristemasse, 
 Alan, William, and Nicholas Cristemasse are mentioned in succession ; — the ^^ ^' ^' 
 first as donor of an annual sum of twelve pence, to buy lights for the hospital 
 church, and the others afterwards ; and of which Walter Cristemasse, a de- 
 scendant, was parish priest of St. Giles's, in the time of Edward I, flourished 
 here for a number of years. Sicca-villa, or Sackville ('), was another name of 
 consequence among the early parishioners, the head of which might be an 
 ancestor of the Dorset family (*). 
 
 An Adamle Drineri, (Query, whether an ancestor of the Drurys who gave Le Drineri, 
 name to Drury-lane ?) also held lands here about the same period with the fore- ^'^' 
 going. The other names of most note near this time were j — 
 
 Ralph and Serlo de Wenningtone, or Wenningtun, who were proprietors of Wennington. 
 that district in the parish called " Socha de Wennington," on the west side of 
 Aldewych. 
 
 Hugh de Blundi, another considerable landholder, whose estate lay opposite Blundi. 
 the Soc' de Wennington. 
 
 Thomas de la Hak, and Isabel Spretton. They gave name to the croft of De la Hale 
 land called La Hale ; and Sprettony, a slip of land adjoining it ; each sepa- Sprettony. 
 rating St. Clements and St. Giles's parishes, and partly situated in both j and 
 were parishioners of the former about the reign of Edward II. 
 
 Cliderotce, &c. — Sir Robert de CHderowe had a seat near the site of Little Cliderowe 
 Queen-street, or between that and Lincoln's-inn-fields ; and the capital mes- ^ndThurke- 
 suage of William de Tkurkeby, is also mentioned in grants of Edward the First's 
 time, who was himself a considerable landholder, and makes diJGTerent transfers 
 of ground in the old deeds. 
 
 Many other persons, whose names it is needless to repeat, and whose pro- 
 perty evidently was considerable, will be found mentioned as Parishioners in 
 the grants of this time. 
 
 From the reign of Edward III, to that of Henry VIII, a chasm occurs from 
 
 want of documents, in the history of the inhabitants of this parish, which can 
 
 only 
 
 (') The Sackvilles were long before the (*) The descendants of this family were 
 
 Conquest, lords of the signiory of Sackville, great merchants, as late as the reign of 
 
 in Normandy, which was antiently written Edw. IV, and are mentioned in the will of 
 
 Solchevilla, Salcavilia, and Sicca-villa, and sir John Crosby, of Crosby-house, Bishops- 
 
 from whence this faihily was denominated, gate-street, to whom they were then related, 
 
 — CoUins's Peerage. —^ee Cough's Fun. Monuments. 
 
344 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 only be very imperfectly supplied. In fact, except the residents at the manor 
 house of Bloomsbury, and possibly a few of the persons connected with the 
 hospital establishment, there seems to have been scarcely any other inhabitants 
 in the parish, during this long interval, than shopkeepers and peasants. Some of 
 these shopkeepers and tradesmens names are preserved in the hospital grants, as 
 well as their professions. Many of these were denominated from the places they 
 Names, &c. jjygj jn, or the trades they followed, as Gervase le Lyngedrap' (linen draper,) 
 tradesmen, Reginald le Tailkur, Robert le Mower, Robert le Crieur, Bartholomew, Clamatoris, 
 &c. (crier of the court of King's Bench,) Roger le Fol (minstrel or jester,) 
 Robert de Sco Egidio, &c. The spot the above dwelt in, for the most part, was 
 the main street ; the peasantry, and what few gentry there were, occupied the 
 less public situations. An account of Eminent Parishioners of a later date 
 follows : — 
 
 Eminent Parishioners Jrom Hen. VIII to end of reign of diaries I. 
 
 Lord Lisle. LoRD LisLE. — This nobleman we have seen resided in part of the hospital 
 buildings, on receiving the grant of them from Henry VIII. He was the 
 eldest son of Edmund Dudley, executed with Empson, in 1509, and well 
 known as the rapacious agents of Henry VII. His mother was Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Edward Grey viscount Lisle, who five years after her husband's 
 death married Arthur Plantaganet, natural son of Edward IV, by lady Eliza- 
 beth Lucy ; and which Arthur Plantagenet was afterwards in her right 
 created viscount Lisle. John Dudley was born in 1502 ; was, on the reversal 
 of his father's attainder, created viscount Lisle, subsequently made lord high 
 admiral, and was left one of the sixteen executors of Henry Vlllth's will. 
 Anno 1547, he was created earl of Warwick, and had the office conferred on 
 him of great chamberlain of England ; he was next made a knight of the 
 garter ; and in 1551, to complete his high honors, was advanced to the dignity 
 of earl marshal of England, and created duke of Northumberland. 
 
 On the death of the duke of Somerset, uncle of Edward VI, who fell through 
 his intrigues, he became head of the council ; and vested with this authority, 
 had the address to prevail with the youthful Edward, to violate the order of 
 succession, in order to set the crown on the head of his daughter-in-law, the 
 lady Jane Grey, who after the king's death was accordingly proclaimed queen. 
 The accession of Mary, and the events which followed, are well known. 
 Arrested for the part he had taken in this transaction, he was with his son, 
 
 the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 84>5. 
 
 the young lord Dudley, convicted of high treason, and on the 22d of August 
 1554, fell like his father, Edmund Dudley, on the scaffold, in the 52d year of 
 his age, unbeloved and unpitied ('). 
 
 Lords Southampton.— The settlement of the earls of Southampton in this First Lord 
 parish, was probably owing to their ownership of the manor of Bloomsbury, to„ 
 and afterwards that of St. Giles. Thomas Wriothesley, lord chancellor to 
 Henry VIII, seems to have been the first of his name that inhabited the 
 manerial mansion, afterwards called from him, Southampton house ; at which, 
 and Southampton house, Holborn, he resided alternately. He, like the pre- 
 ceding nobleman, after passing through various promotions, became one of 
 Henry's executors ; and three days before the coronation of Edward VI, was 
 created earl of Southampton. He died 20 July 1550, at his house in Holborn, 
 and was buried beneath the high altar of St. Andrew Holborn church. 
 
 He was succeeded by his second son, Henry earl of Southampton, who was Second and 
 implicated in the intrigues of Mary queen of Scots, and narrowly escaped the 
 block. He left issue a daughter, married to Thomas lord Arundell of War- 
 dour, and an only son, Henry third earl of Southampton, and the munificent 
 patron of Shakespeare. He was the purchaser, as before stated, of St. Giles's 
 manor, which he united to Bloomsbury. His son was earl Thomas, lord Fourth ditto 
 treasurer to king Charles the Second, and the father of lady Rachel Russel. ^^^^ 
 
 Wymond 
 
 (') Sir Robert Dudley, who was styled Dudley, his brother, was created baron 
 
 earl of Warwicke and dulic of Northumber- Denbigh, and earl of Leicester, and was lord 
 
 Sir Robert land, appears to have been the Icgi- steward of the household to queen Elizabeth, 
 
 D>"iley. timate son of Robert Dudley, earl but is better known as the favorite of that 
 
 of Leicester, (3d son of the above John duke princess. He died 1588. 
 of Northumberland,) by the lady Douglas Sir Robert Dudley, before-mentioned, was 
 
 Sheffield, though he was declared illegitimate born 1583, and after being treated as legiti- 
 
 by his father. He was the husband of Alice mate 'till the age of five years, was declared 
 
 duchess Dudlei/. His uncle and father were by his father's will to be a bastard. He 
 
 Ambrose, and Robert Dudley; Ambrose married his wife, Alice, in 1620, but quitted 
 
 Dudley (second son of the said John duke of her and went abroad ; was made a duke of 
 
 Northumberland) was born in 1530, or 31, the Roman empire, and advanced to other 
 
 and in his favor the attainder of his father foreign honours, and died 1649, aged 66. 
 
 was reversed, anno 1557, and himself and His widow (duchess Dudley) secured to 
 
 brother restored in blood. He was created herself and her daughters, the remainder of 
 
 earl of Warwick, anno 1562 (4 Eliz.) and the great fortune left by the earl of Leicester, 
 
 died anno 1 589, at Bedford house. Robei t his father. 
 
 Yy 
 
346 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Wytnoiid 
 Carewe. 
 
 Doctor 
 Borde. 
 
 Lord 
 Mountjoy. 
 
 Henry 
 Holford. 
 
 Alan Cotton, 
 
 Wymond Cakewe. — This gentleman was the purchaser of the hospital site 
 and buildings from lord Lisle, and probably occupied them after him. He 
 presented, as patron of St. Giles's church, the first rector on Newcourt's list, 
 anno 1547- Another resident, near the same period, on part of the hospital 
 precincts, was the celebrated 
 
 Dr. Andrew Borde, — Whose dwelling is mentioned in lord Lisle's licence 
 to convey to Wymond Carewe, " Andrew Borde," (says Mr. Granger,) " in 
 Iktin Andreas Perforatus, was physician to Henry VIH, and an admired wit 
 in his reign." He was author of " The Breviary of Health," " Tales of the 
 Mad Men of Gotham," and of the work intitled " The Introduction of 
 Knowledge, the whych dothe teache ai man to speak al manor of languages, 
 and to know the usuage and fashion of al maner of countries : Dedycated to 
 the right honorable and gracious lady Mary, daughter of king Henry the 
 Eyght." Black letter, imprinted by William Copeland, without date. — See 
 for a further account of him, Hearne's Appendix to his Preface to Benedictus 
 Abbas Petroburgensis. 
 
 The name of " Merry Andrew," since so familiar, is said to have been first 
 given to Dr. Borde on account of his pleasantries. In the latter part of his 
 life he grew serious, and took upon him the order of a Carthusian monk, in 
 the Charter house at London. It does not appear how long he was a pa- 
 rishioner of St. Giles. 
 
 Lord Mountjoy.— Blount lord Mountjoy, was lord of the manor of St. Giles, 
 in right of his wife Catherine ; he was also owner of the large tenement called 
 the MaidenJwad, and of various other estates in the parish, of which men- 
 tion has already been made in the account of St. Giles's manor ; but we have 
 no positive evidence that he was a parishioner. He was a celebrated character 
 in the reign of Elizabeth. 
 
 ' Henry Holford, — Ancestor of the family of the same name, and whose 
 descendants inhabited in this parish for more than a century, and were among 
 its best benefactors. He owned, jointly with sir Henry Drury, the estate 
 called Oldwick Close. This gentleman also lived in the reign of Elizabeth, as 
 did the person next mentioned. 
 
 Alan Cotton. — He was the owner of an estate in Holborn, and the father 
 of sir Robert Cotton, the great antiquary. There were other persons of this 
 family inhabitants of St. Giles's, as will be presently noticed. 
 
 Rich, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 34,7 
 
 Rich, Lord Holland, was the second son to Robert, the first earl of War- Rich, lord 
 wick of this family, and brother to Robert earl of Warwick, who diedinl6l8. (♦) ° ^ ' 
 He was made a knight of the bath at the creation of Henry prince of Wales, in 
 the year I6II ; and in 15 Jac I, was constituted captain of the king's guard 
 (on the resignation of viscount Fenton ;) and March 8, 1623, was advanced to 
 the dignity of a baron of the realm, by the title of lord Kensington. Imme- 
 diately he received this honour he was sent on a special mission to Spain, 
 where Charles prince of Wales, afterwards king Charles I, then was, in order 
 to assist in negotiating his marriage with the Infanta. And after the failure of 
 that treaty, was the ensuing year sent into France on a like errand, in respect 
 to the prince's union with Henrietta Maria, the daughter of Henry IV. 
 
 On the S-ith of September 1625, he was created earl of Holland in Lincoln- 
 shire, was afterwards installed a knight of the garter ; and in 1630, he was 
 made constable of Windsor castle ; and upon the first insurrection of the Scots, 
 was constituted a general of horse, in the expedition undertaken against them. 
 Espousing the king's cause, he was taken prisoner at Kingston-upon-Thames, 
 July 7, 1648, and after some montlis confinement in the Tower, was con- 
 demned and beheaded before Westminster hall, March 9, 1648-9. 
 
 By Isabella Cope his wife, daughter and heir of sir Walter Cope of Ken- 
 sington, (com. Middx.) he left, among other children, a son, Robert, who suc- 
 ceeding as earl of Holland, married the daughter of sir Arthur Ingram, knight, 
 (a parishioner of St. Giles's,) and which Robert died 1675. This earl Robert, 1 
 
 like his father and uncle, was an inhabitant of this parish, and is noticed in an 
 entry in the churchwardens accounts in the plague year 1665, as follows : 
 
 " 1665.— Rec' of Dr. Boreman from the lord Ritch, the sume of a£.10, guift 
 money." 
 
 Earl OF March. — This nobleman lived in Drury-lane, in 1628, and con- Earl of 
 tributed £.4^ by the hands of Mr. Speckart, towards rebuilding the church. 
 He was the younger brother of Lodowick duke of Richmond, and son of 
 Elsme Stuart duke of Lennox. He was, under the name of Elsme Stuart, 
 lord Aubigny, raised to the earldom of March, anno 1620 ; was subsequently 
 created duke of Lennox, and died in 1624. His successor, James, was 
 created duke of Richmond, August 8, 1641. 
 
 His 
 
 (*) At Warwick-house, Holborn. — This of the family of Rich, or at least of this 
 appears to have been then the town mansion branch of it. 
 
 y y 2 
 
 March. 
 
348 •' ' ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 His widow, Catherine duchess of Lennox, continued to reside in the parish 
 after her husband's death, and was one of the committee (with lady Dudley 
 and other females of rank) appointed to regulate the entertainment given to 
 Laud, bishop of London, at the consecration of the church in 1630 ; and 
 towards which she was also a contributor. She was the sole daughter and 
 heir of Sir Gervase Clifton, afterwards created lord Clifton, of Leighton 
 Bromswold, in the county of Huntingdon ; a branch of which family were 
 also parishioners of St. Giles's. (Q 
 
 Earl of Nor- Earl OF NORTHUMBERLAND. — The evidence of this great peer having resided 
 
 thumberland. j^g^.^ jg^ ^^^ entries in the churchwardens accounts of the year 1640, of money 
 paid by his steward, Mr. Carthony, for his flesh licence in Lent ; and for 
 " money gathered at his house at a communion." He was Algernon Percy, 
 the tenth earl of Northumberland ; was born 1602, and died October 13, 1668. 
 By his second wife, Elizabeth, daughter of the earl of Suffolk, he became 
 in 1642, possessed of Suffolk house in the Strand, since called Northumber- 
 land house, to which he then probably removed from St. Giles's. His son, 
 Joceline, eleventh earl of Northumberland, married the lord Southampton's 
 daughter (sister of Lady Rachel Russel, and afterwards wife of Ralph first 
 duke of Montague;) and one of his daughters (the Lady Anne Percy) 
 married the first earl of Chesterfield, who lived in Bloomsbury-square, where 
 she died in child-birth, aged 21 . 
 
 Earl of Bath. Earl OF Bath. — The earl of Bath's residence in the parish, is noticed in 
 an entry in the year 1640, thus — 
 
 " 1640 — P** for a shroude for a poore woman that dyed under the earl of 
 Bath's wall Qs. 6d." This was Henry Bourchier, son of Sir John Bourchier, 
 knight, second son of John the second earl of Bath ; and who succeeded his 
 cousin Edward in the earldom. He was lord privy seal to K. Charles I ; and died 
 without issue on the 15th of August 1654. He became earl in 1636. We are 
 unable to ascertain in what part of the parish this nobleman's residence was. 
 
 Earls of Earls OF CHESTERFIELD. — Both the first and second earls of Chesterfield 
 
 were parishioners of St. Giles's. The family (Stanhope) resided here pre- 
 viously to their advancement to the earldom. Lord Herbert (of whom see 
 
 after) 
 
 (') Sir Gervase Clifton, who was created sir Gervase Clifton, who died 1675; as a 
 
 a baronet, 1612, married a daughter of Rob. " Lady Clifton" is mentioned as occupying 
 
 Rich, earl of Warwick, (mentioned before,) a pew in the church in 1680. 
 and was probably a parishioner, or his son 
 
Herbert. 
 
 ,<* 
 
 BlOGRAPHrCAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 349 
 
 after) mentions in his " Life," having met with Sir George Villiers, after- 
 wards Duke of Buckingham, at the " Lady Stanhop's" a circumstance which 
 gave rise to his own after promotion. This was about the middle of the reign 
 of James I, when Philip, first earl, her husband, was Lord Stanhope of 
 Shelford, only. The family residence at this period, and afterwards for more 
 than a century, was in Bloomsbury-square. From the mansion here both the 
 above nobleman were buried; the first earl in 1656, at the age of 7^. (who 
 was interred in St. Giles's church under a handsome white marble monument); 
 and the second earl in 1712, aged 80. The latter, is the only one of the 
 family noticed in the parish books, he having rented a pew in the gallery of 
 the church in 1684. Accounts of both these earls will be found in the dif- 
 ferent " Peerages." 
 
 Lord Herbert of Chirbury. — The Herbert family (different branches Lord 
 and descendants of which appear to have inhabited this parish for a number of 
 years) were originally from Wales. Edward, the first Lord Herbert of Chir- 
 bury, of whom we are now speaking, was descended from a younger son, and 
 was the first person of that branch that was ennobled. The earls of Pem- 
 broke (afterwards marquisses of Powis) sprung from the elder brother. Both 
 branches were parishioners, lord Herbert and his family, inhabiting the 
 mansion in Great Queen-street, and the marquis of Powis, living at Powis 
 house, afterwards Newcastle house, (which he built,) and on the site of, or 
 riear which, his ancestors had probably resided before him. Ample particulars 
 of lord Herbert will be found in the account of his romantic and very inte- 
 resting life, written by himself. He was born in 1581 ; was married at the 
 very early age of 15 j was created lord Herbert of Chirbury in May 1629, 
 and died at his house in Great Queen-street, anno 1648. He was buried in 
 St. Giles's church, under the south wall, having over his grave a flat marble 
 stone with an inscription in Latin. His eldest son, Richard, second lord 
 Herbert, succeeded him, and died in 1655. Edward lord Herbert was the 
 author of a history of Henry VIII, and of a much esteemed treatise, intitled, 
 " De Veritate"(*). 
 
 Lord 
 
 (*) The following gift to the parish, as buted." A like gift, noticed in a subsequent 
 
 entered in the churchwarden's accounts, was entry, was from Henry, 4th and last lord 
 
 probably on the occasion of lord Herbert's Herbert, and took place at his lordship's 
 
 funeral. " 1648. The lord Herbert's brother funeral, April 1691 ; viz. "1691, (April) 
 
 sent £. 10, to be presently given to the poore, Rec'' the lord Herbert's gift of £.10." 
 and sent one with the money to see it distri- 
 
350 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Lord Keeper 
 Coventrj-. 
 
 Countess of 
 Shrewsbury 
 
 Lord Keeper Coventry. — This great legal character lived in Lincoln's^ 
 Inn-fields, a spot where many of his professional successors have since fixed 
 their abode, from its proximity to the inns of court. He was the son of judge 
 Coventry, who died in I6O6, was born in 1578, elected recorder of London, 
 anno I6I7, was made attorney general in I6I8, and advanced to the high 
 office of lord keeper in 16^5. Three years afterwards he had the title of 
 lord Coventry conferred on him. He died at Durham house in the Strand, 
 January 14, 1639. 
 
 ( His son, Thomas, second lord Coventry, was also a parishioner, and died 
 at his house in Lincoln's-Inn-iields, October 7> 1601. By his wife, Mary 
 Craven (sister to William Lord Craven,) he had George, third earl of Coventry, 
 who married lord Thanet's daughter, of Great Russel-street, Bloomsbury. 
 Henry, third son of the lord keeper, died at Coventry house, Haymarket, 
 anno I686. 
 
 Countess of Shrewsbury. — The only mention of this lady in the parish 
 books is, as one of the committee for conducting the consecration feast 
 before-mentioned, which is sufficient evidence of her being a parishioner. 
 She was the wife of John Talbot, tenth earl of Shrewsbury, and the daughter 
 and coheir of sir Francis Fortescue, of Salden hall, in the county of Bucks, 
 knight of the bath. George lord Talbot, one of her sons, married into the 
 Herbert family. 
 
 It is probable that the Shrewsbury family were parishioners here several 
 years, though only this lady is mentioned, as Anna Maria, wife of Francis 
 the 11th earl of Shrewsbury, her eldest son, was buried in St. Giles's church, 
 in 1702. This Anna Maria was mother of Charles, the twelfth earl, and only 
 duke of Shrewsbury. 
 Lord Morley. LoRD MoRLEY. — This nobleman is only noticed as one of the above-named 
 committee, with lady Coxe, lady Dudley, the countess of Shrewsbury, 
 duchess of Lennox, &c. He was Henry lord Morley, son of William lord 
 Morley and Monteagle, to whom the intercepted letter which discovered the 
 gunpowder plot was addressed, in 1605. He succeeded his father in 1622, 
 and died 1655. 
 
 Countess of Oxford. — This lady rented a pew in the church in 1648, but 
 the part of the parish in which she resided is not mentioned. She was probably 
 the widow of Robert de Vere, slain at Maestricht in 16.32, and mother of 
 Aubrey de Vere, the next and last earl of that family, who died in I702 j and 
 
 upon 
 
 Countess of 
 Oxford. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.- EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 
 
 S51 
 
 upon whose death the title became extinct. The entry in which she is 
 noticed, states her to have paid £.3 per annum for her pew rent. 
 
 The following were other parishioners of title, near this period, but of infe- 
 rior rank. They are mentioned, with the places where they lived, in the 
 assessment of 1623 : — 
 
 Residents in Driiry-lane. 
 
 Sir John Cooper, 
 
 Son-in-law of sir Anthony 
 Ashley, (of whom see here- 
 after,) and father of the 
 celebrated Anthony Ashley 
 Cooper, earl of Shaftesbury. 
 
 Sir Edmund Lenthall. 
 
 This was probably an an- 
 cestor of the speaker Lenthall, 
 but we know not the degree 
 of relationship. 
 
 Sir John Sydnam. 
 
 Sir Philip Sydenham, of 
 Brimpton, com. Somerset, 
 who died 1739, appears to 
 have been the last of this 
 family. 
 
 Sir Lewis Tresham. 
 
 We have no information as 
 to this gentleman, further than 
 as to the circumstance which 
 places him in this list. 
 
 Ladj/ Margaret Brocas, 
 
 Probably of the family of 
 the Brocas's, of Beaupaire, of 
 which sir Bernard Brocas, be- 
 headed in the reign of Edward 
 III, and buried in West- 
 
 minster Abbey, was an ances- 
 tor. — See Kimber's Baronet- 
 age. 
 
 Sir Francis Kynaston. 
 
 We have met with no ac- 
 count of this gentleman, be- 
 yond the circumstance of his 
 having contributed towards 
 building the church ('). 
 
 Sir Anthony Bugg. 
 
 Frances Bugg, author of 
 " The Pilgrim's Progress, from 
 Quakerism," &,c. who died 
 1698, might be related to this 
 person. The name is by no 
 means common. 
 
 Lady Henidge, 
 
 Widow of sir Thomas 
 Henage, and mother-in-law 
 to sir Moyl Finch, from whom 
 sprung the earls of Winchelsea 
 and Nottingham. 
 
 See " Finch," lord Chan- 
 cellor, &c. 
 
 . Lady Duncombe. 
 
 Lady Duncombe, gave 22 s. 
 towards rebuilding the church, 
 but is no otherwise mentioned 
 in the books. 
 
 Sir Gilbert Houghton. 
 
 He was knighted in 1606 ; 
 succeeded his father sir 
 Richard, as baronet, 1630; 
 and died April, 1647. 
 
 The son of sir Gilbert 
 Houghton, married a daugh- 
 ter of the earl of Chesterfield, 
 who lived in Bloomsbury- 
 square. 
 
 Sir Thomas Finch, 
 
 Son of sir Moyl Finch, bart. 
 and afterwards earl of Win- 
 chelsea. More as to his fa- 
 mily will be found hereafter. 
 
 Sir Anthony Henton. 
 
 The parish books furnish us 
 with no information of this 
 person, beyond the single 
 circumstance of his subscrib- 
 ing towards building the 
 church. 
 
 Sir Edward Peto. 
 
 This name should probably 
 be spelt " Peyton." He was 
 son of sir John Peyton, the 
 first baronet. Sir Edward 
 died in 1657; he married the 
 daughter of Robert Livesay, 
 esq. — See " lady Peto." 
 
 Lady 
 
 Residents in 
 Drury-lane 
 in 1623. 
 
 (') In 1657, an entry of a payment of 
 £.4. 2s. occurs in the churchwarden's ac- 
 count, to " Ann Kynaston, on whome the 
 
 house fell and killed one of her children, for 
 several weeks, until she recovered of her 
 sickness." Query, If related to the above.'' 
 
852 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Partridge- 
 alley. 
 
 Bloomsbury, 
 
 Middle-rows. 
 
 Lady Lambert. 
 Query.— Was this lady re- 
 lated to the celebrated general 
 Lambert? The parish books 
 afford no clue to a knowledge 
 of her family. 
 
 Sir William Segas, 
 Garter king at arms, in the 
 reign of James I; and author 
 of a Treatise on Heraldry, to 
 which his portrait is prefixed. 
 He was a vestryman in 1618; 
 and gave a fine painted win- 
 dow to the church. 
 
 Sir Thomas Elliott- 
 The Elliotts, of Port Elliott, 
 Cornwall,migbt be descended 
 from this gentleman. The 
 late lord Elliott, was the first 
 of the family that was en- 
 nobled. 
 
 Lady Susan Lawley. 
 She was the mother of sir 
 
 Sir John Cotton. 
 Alan Cotton, and sir Ro- 
 bert Cotton, his son, (the an- 
 tiquary ,)have been noticed as 
 holding an estate in Holborn. 
 We know not whether this sir 
 
 Partridge- Alley . 
 
 Thomas Lawley, created a 
 baronet 1 7 Car. [. ; and gave 
 £.15 towards rebuilding the 
 church. She was an inmate 
 in the family of sir Thomas 
 Darnell, noticed in the next 
 column. 
 
 Sir Jtichard St. George. 
 
 He is mentioned only in the 
 assessment, as giving £.5 to- 
 wards the chnrch. 
 
 Lady Margaret Thurling. 
 
 She is only noticed like 
 the above. We have not 
 found any other of her fa- 
 mily. 
 
 Residents in Bloomsbury. 
 
 John was related to the above, 
 or was of the Cottons of 
 Landwade (another branch of 
 the family). He was vestry- 
 man in 1623. 
 
 Sir Thomas Darnell, 
 Was created a baronet ig 
 Jac. I, anno 1621, by the de- 
 scription of, Thomas Darnell, 
 esq. of Heyling, com. Line. 
 The title was extinct before 
 1700. His lady is separately 
 named in the assessment, as 
 giving £.5. 
 
 Lady Ann Ingelsby, 
 Was the wife ofsir William 
 Ingelsby, created a baronet 
 1 Car. J; and was the 10th in 
 descent from sir Thomas In- 
 gelsby, knight, temp. Ric. IL 
 He married Ann, daughter of 
 sir James Bellingham, knight, 
 the lady here mentioned (*). 
 
 Sir Robert Moore, Knight. 
 He is mentioned in the assessment only, 
 as giving 40*. towards the church. There 
 were several families of this name, but we have 
 no clue to guide us as to which he belonged. 
 
 Ladi/ Elizabeth Enfield. 
 The information respecting this lady in 
 the parish books, is as scanty as that of the 
 person just mentioned. 
 
 Middle Roive. 
 
 Sir Edward Fisher. 
 This is the only person of title mentioned as resident on this spot, 
 excepting lady Dudley, and one or two more, who will be spoken of 
 hereafter. " Sir Thomas Fisher, of the parish of St. Giles, Middlesex," 
 was erected a baronet, 3 Car. 1 . 
 
 To these may be added the following persons (also of title,) who, as 
 
 possessing 
 ( ) In 1641, an entry of payment of 2 s. paving Mr. Ingelsby's grave : probably one 
 occurs in the churchwarden's account, for of this family. ^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 353 
 
 possessing large property in the parish, giving name to streets in it, or taking 
 an active share in the management of its concerns, demand a more lengthened 
 notice. 
 
 Sir Lewis LewJcnor, 
 Gave name to Lewknor's-lane, on the site of which he had a house and Sir Lewis 
 grounds. He was a vestryman in I6i8, and a subscriber towards the ^^ *"^* 
 church in 1623. It does not appear at what time, precisely, his estate first 
 began to be built on, but it was probably early in the reign of Charles I, as 
 " Lewkner's-lane " is mentioned by name long before its close ; a t which 
 period we may presume he had either removed out of the parish, or was dead. 
 Mary Lewknor, great grand-daughter of sir Lewis, married about the year 
 1687, sir Horatio Townsend, whose descendant, George Townsend, was raised 
 to the earldom of Leicester in 1784. Sir Lewis Lewknor was the author of 
 a small volume of poems, which was printed anno 1 6 — , and which has now 
 become very scarce. 
 
 Sir Edward StradUng. 
 He was the builder and owner of the great mansion in Oldwick-close, Sir Edward 
 afterwards called Weld house, of which an account has already been given. "^ ^"^' 
 He was of the family of sir John Stradling of St. Donats, knight, who was one 
 of the baronets created by king James I, in the year I6II. Dr. George 
 Stradhng, dean of Chester and prebendary of Westminster, in the reign 
 of Charles II, (and whose portrait is engraved by White,) was of the same 
 family. 
 
 Sir Kenelm Digby, 
 , Was the neighbour of Sir Edward Stradling, and with him occupied part of Sir Kenelm 
 Oldwick-close, where he had a house and gardens. The life of this great '^ ^' 
 character is so well known, that it is enough, in this place, to mention his name. 
 He had removed to Covent-garden at the time of his death, (11th June 1665.) 
 The Digbys, earls of Bristol, (also parishioners,) were related to him ; of whom 
 see hereafter. 
 
 Lady Catherine Cope. 
 The family of which this lady was a member, has been mentioned as owning Lady Cathe- 
 the manor of St. Giles. She was a parishioner during the reigns of James I ""^ *^°P®* 
 and Charles I ; and besides liberally subscribing towards the church in 1623, 
 was, on various other occasions, a good benefactor to the parish. She resided 
 in " Midle-rowe," probably in some splendor, as the names of nine of her 
 
 Z z servants 
 
S54 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Sir Anthony 
 Ashley. 
 
 Sir Richard 
 Minshull,&c. 
 
 Honourable 
 Mr. Herbert. 
 
 Sir Peter 
 Temple. 
 
 servants are set down in the assessment, as contributing also towards building 
 the church ; besides Mr. Fernando Cope and wife, and " sir George Hastings, 
 his lady, and people," (') who were then inmates with her. Lady Catherine 
 Cope was buried in St. Giles's church. 
 
 Sir Anthony Ashley, /might. 
 
 A parishioner and subscriber in the assessment of 1623. His residence was 
 in Thornton 's-alley, where he kept a numerous household, in the list of which 
 is mentioned his son-in-law Sir John Cooper, before spoken of. Sir Anthony 
 was highly famous in the reign of queen Elizabeth, and was knighted for his 
 bravery at the taking of Cadiz in 1596, at which time he was secretary at war. 
 He was created a baronet in 1622, and died on the 13th of January 1628. 
 
 Anne Ashley, the daughter and sole heir of Sir Anthony, married the above 
 named sir John Cooper, who was created a baronet in 1622, and afterwards 
 knighted, by the title of sir John Cooper, knight and baronet, of Rockburne, 
 com. Hants. In 1628, he was member of parliament for Poole, in Dorsetshire. 
 He died March 23, 1631, and was buried at Rockburne aforesaid. 
 
 By inquisition he was found to have died possessed of (int. alia) " a messuage 
 in Holborn called the Black Bull," probably part of the fortune he had with 
 his wife, Anne Ashley ; to all which his son, Anthony Ashley Cooper, after, 
 wards earl of Shaftesbury, was found to be his heir. 
 
 Sir Richard Minshull, &c. — Was a parishioner in 1630, and perhaps 
 earlier. He was one of the conductors of the consecration feast at that time. 
 A legacy to the poor from sir Richard MinshuU's house, is noticed in the 
 churchwarden's account for the year 1640. A sir Thomas Heatley, knight, is 
 also mentioned among the conductors of the entertainment above alluded to. 
 There is no account where either of these parishioners lived. 
 
 Hon. Mr. Herbert. — He was brother to lord Herbert of Chirbury, and gave 
 a€.10 to the poor on his lordship's funeral, as has been noticed in the account 
 of that nobleman. A legacy of Mr. Chaworth Herbert to the parish, is spoken 
 of in after entries. 
 
 Sir Peter Temple, had a house, and probably gardens attached, somewhere 
 in the parish, about the year 1648, in which year his residence is thus noticed 
 in an entry in the churchwarden's account : — 
 
 " 1648. 
 
 (•) Sir George Hastings, was the son and 
 heir of Henry, second son of George, 4th 
 
 earl of Huntingdon, and died in 1651, 
 aged 63. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 355 
 
 " 1648.— P"* Thomas Hampton the warder (watchman,) for keepinge the 
 childe found at Sir Peter Temple's gate." 
 
 Sir Peter was the eldest son and successor of sir Thomas Temple, the first 
 baronet of the family, who was so created in I6l2. He married to his first 
 wife, the daughter of sir Arthur Throgmorton, knight; and to his second wife, 
 the sister and co-heir of sir Richard Levison, K. B. (the husband of one of 
 duchess Dudley's daughters ;) sir Peter Temple died anno 1653. Sir Richard, 
 his grandson, was created baron and viscount Cobham, by George I. Dr. 
 Thomas Temple, the brother of sir Peter, is mentioned in the churchwardens 
 accounts of i646, as the donor of a sum of money " to Mrs. Horsey, shut up 
 in Crane-yard of the plague." 
 
 Ladies Weild, Petoe, S^c. — Lady Weild and lady Petoe, are mentioned in Ladies Weild, 
 separate entries, as renting a pew which had been formerly occupied by lady ' 
 
 Coape, viz. — 
 
 " 1646. — Rec' for placing the lady Elizabeth Petoe in the pew where the 
 lady Coape sat, £.5." And 
 
 " 1648. — Rec-" of the lady Weild, for a pew that was lady Coape's, £. 3." 
 
 There is little doubt but that lady Petoe was the widow of sir Edward Petoe, 
 or Peyton, mentioned in the assessment of 1623, as residing in Drury-lune. 
 A Mr. Humphrey Petoe is also named in the same assessment, and might be ; 
 
 a relation. 
 
 Of lady Weild we know nothing, unless it may be supposed she was the 
 mother of Humphrey Weld, esq. of Weld house, in this parish, and that the 
 name is mis-spelled. The title of lady was perhaps given out of compliment. 
 
 Whether the lady Cope, who first occupied the pew mentioned, was lady Ca- 
 therine, just spoken of, or not, is doubtful. Sir Anthony Cope, the first baronet, 
 married to his second wife, Anne, the daughter of sir William Paston, a pa- 
 rishioner here, and left a son and successor, named William, who died 1637 ; and 
 whose widow was Elizabeth, the daughter of sir George Chaworth, knight. This 
 Elizabeth might possibly be the lady Cope meant. Sir John Cope, a descendant, 
 was a parishioner at the separation of Bloomsbury parish from St. Giles's 
 in 1731. 
 
 A Colonel Grantham is also nam^d in an entry of the time alluded to, as Colonel 
 i^enting a pew next the lady Cope's, viz.—" 1646. Rec" of Col. Grantham the ^'"^"'^'^ 
 some of £. 3, he promised, to be put into the pew next unto the lady Coape's 
 pew." 
 
 z z 2 Sir 
 
356 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH 
 
 Sir Arthur 
 Ingram. 
 
 Sir William 
 Paslon, &c. 
 
 Mr.Abraham 
 Speckart. 
 
 Sir Arthur Ingram rented the organ-loft pew at this same period (1646,) 
 and was an inhabitant of St. Giles's. His daughter married Robert, second 
 earl of Holland, son of Henry Rich, earl of Holland, before mentioned. 
 
 Sir William Paston. — Sir William Paston, and his lady, are mentioned in 
 the two following entries, viz. — •' lG58. P** and expended at the sessions, 
 
 about sir William Paston's complaynt, of his being double rated, £. .'* 
 
 And--'* 1670. Rec^ of 'squire Stroud, being a legacy given by the lady 
 Dorothy Paston, £. 9." 
 
 Sir William Paston was created a baronet, 17 Car. I, (1641,) by the description 
 of William Paston of Oxnead, in the county of Norfolk, esquire ; and was ancestor 
 of the noble family of the earls of Yarmouth ; his son, Robert Paston, being 
 created, anno 1673, baron Paston and viscount Yarmouth, and finally earl of 
 Yarmouth, 30th July I679. He died 8th March 1682, and was succeeded by 
 William lord Paston, his son and heir, who was the second earl of Yarmouth, 
 and died in the year I7O8. Sir William Paston was related to the Copes, and 
 several other distinguished parishioners here. 
 
 Gentry, &c. — The following were contemporaries with the above, and of 
 considerable eminence in the parish. They were all members of vestry in 
 1623. 
 
 Abraham Speckart. — This gentleman, whose benefactions and useful services 
 to the parish place him at the head of the inhabitants of his day, has been 
 already mentioned. He resided near the church, in what was then termed 
 Midk-row, (not the present buildings of that name,) which appears to have 
 been at the time one of the most respectable parts of the parish j and was one 
 of four parishioners living on that spot, to whom the favour was granted of 
 a private entrance from their houses into the churchyard. Mrs. Dorothy 
 Speckart, the widow, seems to have died some years after her husband, as 
 a vestry minute of I67O, directs, " the late Mrs. Speckart's door into the. 
 churchyard to be shut up." Mr. Speckart's name, in the parish books, has 
 always the addition of " esquire " put to it, which was a title not then pros- 
 tituted as now, and seems to infer that he was rather a private gentleman, than 
 a merchant or trader ; his domestic establishment also, as enumerated in the 
 assessment of 1623, was extensive. A greater proof however of this being the 
 fact, and also of his opulence, was the circumstance of the consecration feast, 
 before mentioned, being held at his house, which must have been no ordinary 
 mansion, to have accommodated so large and brilliant a company as assembled 
 
 on 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 3.57 
 
 on that occasion. — In the account of the church, and other parts of this work, , 
 will be found various additional particulars of him. 
 
 Alderman Bigge. — This gentleman was churchwarden in 16 17, and re- Alderman 
 sided in Rose and Crown-yard, west of the church. He probably, like ^'^S^' 
 Mr. Speckart, kept a large ho^se, as the names of eleven of his servants are 
 set down as contributors towards the rebuilding of the church, besides himself, 
 wife, and kinswoman. He is mentioned simply as Mr. Richard Bigge, in the 
 earlier dated vestry minutes, but is afterwards styled " Mr. Alderman Bigge," 
 a distinction he appears to have attained late in life. 
 
 Zachary Bethell. — He was overseer and surveyor of the church, while Mr. Zachary 
 building, with the person next mentioned. He lived in Midle-row, near 
 Mr. Speckart's. 
 
 Laurence Whitaker. — Chosen vestryman in 1622, and an associate with Mr. Laurence 
 the above in the business of rebuilding the church. Mr. Whitaker resided in "^ ^^' 
 Drury-lane. 
 
 Homo Claxton, — Called " Homo Claxton, senior, esq." (for there was also Homo, 
 a son of the same name, who was a housekeeper in another part of the parish) Claxton. 
 was chosen vestryman in I6I8, and appears to have been a highly respectable 
 inhabitant of the parish for several years. Besides giving £. 20 towards the 
 church, he presented to it, on its being finished, a fine painted window, as has 
 been already noticed. He lived in Partridge-alley. 
 
 Of the following persons, also respectable parishioners and vestrymen, we 
 find little more than the names : — 
 
 Jeremy Cooke, esquire, — Styled " Clerk of the prince's counsell." He lived Jeremy 
 in Princes-street, Drury-lane, and gave s^. 10 towards the church. Cooke, esq. 
 
 Patrick Drumgold and Robert Johnson, churchwardens in 1623. Mr. Drumgold 
 Drumgold resided in Thornton's-alley. Robert Johnson was probably a car- ^ Johnson. 
 penter and joiner, as a vestry order, dated 1627, directs, " that Mr. Robert 
 Johnson do go on with the pews in the chauncell, as he had before done in the 
 body of the church." He lived in Swann-alley. 
 
 Robert Hope gave himself ^.11, and was personally instrumental in col- 
 lecting various sums towards the building. He lived in Drury-lane, and was 
 afterwards churchwarden. A George Hope, probably his son, was church- 
 warden in 1630. 
 
 John Larchin, resided in Thornton's-alley. He was sequestered from the 
 vestry, as see in the account of vestry before given. 
 
 Philip 
 
358 
 
 PhilipParker. 
 
 Mr. William 
 Stiddolph. 
 
 Mr. William 
 Barber. 
 
 Mr.Bartholo- 
 mew Overy. 
 
 Thomas 
 Sheppard. 
 
 Major Walter 
 Bigg. 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISHj 
 
 Philip Parker, gave name to Parker's-lane or street, Drury-lane. He is 
 first noticed in the parish books in 1620, as one of the collectors for the poor. 
 In 1630 he was chosen a vestryman. Before 1641 he was probably dead, or 
 had left the parish, as " Parker's-lane " is mentioned that year. Sir Gilbert 
 Houghton and lady, are mentioned as his inmates in the assessment of 1623. 
 
 William Stiddolph. — He was related to Sir Richard Stiddolph, of whom 
 the ground to enlarge the churchyard was purchased in 1669. In the assess* 
 ment just mentioned, he is described as living in Princes-street, but had 
 removed to Drury-lane before 1652, his house there being thus described in 
 the survaie of Elm close, of that year : — " All that faire house or tenem' 
 adjoining to ano' tenem', consisting of one hall, w'" a parlour behind the same, 
 w"" a sellar, kitchin and wash-house underneath the same ; and above staires, 
 in the first story, 2 chambers ; and in the 2"' storie, 2 more chambers, and 
 2 garr" over them ; and behind the said house is 2 roomes, and a small gar- 
 den plott, w"" a coach-house o're the west corner of the same, now in the 
 occupation of William Stiddolph, Esq", and is worth per ann. xxj"." He was 
 buried in St. Giles's church, where was a monument to his memory, which 
 may be seen described in the account of the church. 
 
 William Barber, was a vestryman in 16 18, and then resided in CanterV- 
 alley. He was owner of the estate in Bowl-yard, on the site of part of which 
 the workhouse was afterwards erected. 
 
 Bartholomew Overy, or Ivery, as he is sometimes called, with his wife 
 " Jone," were donors of the estate in the Almonry (of which see an account 
 p. 309). They lived in 1623, at Town's End, St. Giles, but afterwards 
 removed to Westminster, where Overy died in 1647- The churchwarden's 
 accounts of that year thus notice the circumstance : — 
 
 " 1647. — P' for the buriall of Barth" Overy, who died at "Westminster, and 
 desired to be buried at St. Giles's ; who by will, dated fith of Jan'ry, 1647, hath 
 given to the poor of this p'rish Cafter the decease of his wife Jone), " three 
 tenements in the Great Amery (Almonry) West', being college land." 
 
 Thomas Sheppard, was churchwarden in 1631, and was, on his election, 
 directed by vestry " to begin the foundation of the brick-wall about the 
 church, and on the south side of the church, between the garden and the 
 churchyard." He has been before noticed in the account of vestry. 
 
 Walter Bigg. — This was probably a relation of alderman Bigges, be 
 fore noticed. He is first mentioned in 1041, as overseer, by the name of 
 
 Mr. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 359 
 
 Mr. Walter Bigg. In 1643, he appears to have obtained the rank of captain in 
 the parliament army. An entry occurring in the churchwarden's accounts that 
 year, and again in iG-i-l', of money "pd to the ringers at the return home of 
 capt. Bigg and his soldiers ; " and " when capt. Bigg came from Basing." 
 In 1645, he served the oflSce of churchwarden, when he is styled major Walter 
 Bigg; and the next year he purchased of the parish, for the sum of £.2 
 only, the communion rails, deemed superstitious by the then ruling powers. 
 
 A second "Richard Bigg," churchwarden in 1646, is also much noticed in Sheriff Bigg. 
 the parish books, and is subsequently called " Mr. sheriff' Bigg." The 
 alderman, sheriff, and major, were most likely all members of the same 
 family ("). 
 
 Mr. John Hyde. — A name very frequently noticed in the parish books Mr. John 
 during the time he lived ; was overseer in 1638, and churchwarden in I647. ^ ^' 
 In the plague year, 1642, he performed a very active and useful part in the 
 parish, as one of the " Inspectors of the Visited Poor," as may be seen from 
 numerous entries in that year. Two persons of his name, Robert Hyde, 
 and William Hyde, were parishioners in 1623 ; from one of whom he might 
 be descended. Hyde-street, Bloomsbury, received its name from a member 
 of this family. 
 
 Mr. John Seagood. — He was parish carpenter, and in that capacity was Mr. John 
 employed in erecting the almshouses, and removing the pound and cage, in ■"^"^°° * 
 1657. He was churchwarden in 1656, and was chosen vestryman in 1665. 
 He is repeatedly mentioned in the parish books. Henry Seagood, his father 
 lived in Pepper-alley, in 1623. 
 
 Mr. William Hooper. — Generally styled "captain Hooper," was chosen Mr. William 
 churchwarden in 1645, and was afterwards elected of the vestry. He died ^^'"P^''- 
 before the year I675, as appears by a vestry minute of that year, allowing 
 Mr. Wooden " to erect a grave-stone on a pedastal of brick, in the church- 
 yard, like captain Hooper's." 
 
 Mr. Francis Baker. — Churchwarden in 1644. The election of this gen- Mr. Francis 
 tlemen was singly protested against by Thomas Sheppard, esq. a member of S^*''- 
 
 the 
 
 (■•) InaMS. listoflord mayors, sherifFs, Thomas Vyner. This Phillips kept his 
 
 &c. of London, which we have seen, sheriff sherifalty very miserably. Mr. alderman 
 
 Biggisthusnoticed.—" 1653. Richard Bigge, Bigge kept howse iu St. Giles-in-the- 
 
 gheriff, with James Phillips ; mayor, sir fields." 
 
360 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Mr. Isaac 
 Bringhurst. 
 
 Mr. James 
 Hearnden. 
 
 Mr. Thomas 
 Blythe. 
 
 Dutchess 
 Dudley. 
 
 the vestry at the time. He was under churchwarden this year, and did not 
 succeed as upper churchwarden. 
 
 Mr. Isaac Bringhurst. — Overseer 1633, chosen vestryman 1635, appointed 
 treasurer to the visited poor during the plague, year 1636-7, and chosen 
 monthly officer in 1638, and churchwarden in 1649. The various offices he 
 served prove him to have been a valuable member of the parish. 
 
 Mr. James Hearnden. — Succeeded Mr. Bringhurst as churchwarden in 
 1650. An entry of expenditure in the accounts of year 1651, mention 
 Mr. Hearnden as " the mason who erected the stone whereon the gift of 
 Richard Holford, esq. of £.^9 yearly to the poor is engraven, at the west end 
 of the church, under the vestrie window." 
 
 Mr. Thomas BlytJie. — In 1646, one of the constables for collecting the 
 money for the visited poor, for the old town and Bloomsbury divisions. Over- 
 seer in 1649, and churchwarden in 1656. He is often mentioned in the parish 
 books, and seems to have been an active and useful parishioner. 
 
 Nobles, ^c. Parishioners from Charles II to the Revolution. 
 THE restoration of Charles the Second, and the interval which succeeded, 
 down to, or perhaps a little after the Revolution, may be termed the most bril- 
 liant epoch in the history of this parish, as to the number of its eminent in- 
 habitants ; and was owing to causes which have been explained, in speaking of 
 the progress of building here. One of the most distinguished of them, though 
 she also belongs to the reign of James I, and Charles I, was — 
 
 Dutchess Dudley ("). 
 
 This lady, (whose name and charities must be familiar to the reader, from 
 the many times they have been mentioned in the course of this work,) was 
 a parishioner altogether more than half a century. We refer, for an ac- 
 count of her birth, family, and connections, to the heads, " Church," 
 " Churchyard," &c. and shall give only such further particulars of her as we 
 have met with. 
 
 Dr. Boreman, speaking of the Duchess's character, in his funeral sermon 
 on her death ('*), says — " She was a magazine of experience, the fruit or 
 
 benefit 
 
 (") Dr. Boreman, in her funeral sermon, 
 says, she herself always spelt it " Daddeley," 
 but we adhere to the common spelling. 
 
 ('*) Entitled, " A Mirrour of Christia- 
 nity, and a Miracle of Charity ; or a True 
 and Exact Narrative of the Life and Death 
 
 of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 361 
 
 benefit of age, and the proxime cause of prudence. Her vast memory, which 
 was strong and vigorous to admiration, was the storehouse and treasury of 
 observations, and knowledge of occurrences for many years ; so that I have 
 often said, what I truly found by her rare discourses, that she was a living 
 chronicle, bound up with the thread of a long spun age. And in divers 
 accidents and things relating to our parish, I have oft appealled to her stu- 
 pendous memory, as to an antient record." (p. 9). — " An enlargement of her 
 estate she never desired by the addition of a joynture, but mooving in the sphere 
 of her own fortune, and contenting herself with the portion God had given 
 her, she clave only to him." (p. 5). — " She also refused a second time to marry, 
 declaring thereby, that though many great persons wanted her, or rather (as 
 the fashion of the world is) her money, yet she had no need of any to be 
 joined with her in a conjugal society." (p. 13). — " In short, I would say to 
 any desirous to attain some degree of perfection, vade ad sancti Egidij oppi- 
 dum et dtsce Ducissam Dudley am. Come to St. Giles's, and inquire the cha- 
 racter of Dutchess Dudley." — She is thus further mentioned in the Patent 
 20 Car. I, Maij 23, as given in the Biographia Brittanica, 1812, the preamble 
 of which states — • 
 
 ■ " That in the beginning of the reign of James I, there was a suit com- 
 menced in the Star Chamber, against Sir Robert Dudley, knight, and others, 
 for pretending himself to be heir to the houses and lands of the earldom of 
 Warwick and Leicester, as son and heir of Robert late Earl of Leicester, by 
 
 lady 
 
 of y« most vertuous Lady Alice Dutchess (1655,) bears this further testimony to Dr. 
 
 Duddeley; published after the sermon in Boreman's: — "The whole parish is by your 
 
 thechurchof St. Giles-in-the-fields,by R.B. munificence laid under many and deep 
 
 (Robert Boreman) D.D. rector of the said obligations. Your transcendent bounty at 
 
 church, on Sunday the 14th of March, the rebuilding of the church edifice; the 
 
 MDLxix. Printed 1669. Dedicated to the rich vessels of plate, wherewith your lady- 
 
 vertuous and most religious lady Katherine ship hath furnished the Lord's table; your 
 
 Levison, the relict of sir Richard Levison, purchase of the reversion of an house, for the 
 
 knight and baronet, and the only surviving successive ministry of this place; and in the 
 
 daughter of the illustrious dutchess, whose interim, your charge in buying off a consi- 
 
 just encomium is published in the ensuing derable part of the rent, during the present 
 
 treatise." owner's life. These, with many other publick 
 
 The puritanical rector, Thomas Case, (for exhibitions of your pious charity, will stand 
 
 this lady's goodness seems to have obtained as so many monuments of your goodness to 
 
 the praise of all parties,) in the dedication posterity, and render your name honourable 
 
 of one of his " Morning Exercises," to her to after generations." 
 
 3 A 
 
362 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 lady Douglas, his wife ; and that divers witnesses were examined in support 
 of such claim. Whereupon by full testimony upon oath, partly made by the 
 said lady Douglas, and partly by other persons of quality and credit who 
 were present at the marriage by a lawful minister, And that the said Sir 
 Robert and his mother, were owned by the Earl as his lawful wife and son, 
 as by many of such depositions appear. But a special order being made for 
 sealing up the said depositions, did cause the said Sir Robert to leave the 
 kingdom ; whereof his adversaries taking advantage, procured a privy seal to 
 be sent requiring his return ; which he not obeying because his honours and 
 lands were denied, all his lands were seized to the king's use." 
 
 " That Prince Henry purchased Kenilworth Castle, with the chases, &c. which 
 upon great under value amounted to j^. 50,000, for £AA',500, and upon pro- 
 mise of his princely favor ; and that the inheritance thereof was conveyed to 
 the prince accordingly. But that no more than £. 3,000, if any, the purchase 
 money had been paid. And upon the death of the prince (the now king) his 
 brother and heir, came into possession thereof." 
 
 " That lady AHce, his wife, having an estate of inheritance in the same 
 castle, &c. descendible to her posterity, by virtue of an Act, 19 Jac. I, in 
 consideration of e^. 4,000, and for payments yearly, did alien the same to the 
 king, but which payments had not been made for many years. That the late 
 king not knowing the truth of the lawful birth of Sir Robert, granted away 
 the titles of the said earldoms to others" ("). 
 
 " The 
 
 ("') Sir Robert's motives for quitting Eng- duke of Northumberland, left England be- 
 
 land, do not appear to have arisen entirely cause he could not be suffered to enjoy a 
 
 from a sense of his being ill-treated in re- second wife, his first wife then surviving." — 
 
 spect to his estates and titles, but to have " This Dudley," he adds, " now enjoyeth 
 
 sprung in part, from an illicit attachment, his second wife, by a dispensation from his 
 
 Accordingly, on his going abroad, he not holiness, and is in great esteem with the 
 
 only abandoned his wife, the lady Alice, and duke of Florence, in regard of his art in 
 
 his children by her, but he secretly carried contriving and fabricating ships," &,c. Sir 
 
 with him (dressed in the habit of a page) Robert died at Carbello, near Florence, 
 
 the daughter of sir Robert Southwell, whom anno 1649, and was buried at a nunnery at 
 
 he afterwards (notwithstanding his prior en- Boldrone, near that place, 
 
 gagement) married in Italy. An author " This Robert Dudley," says Anthony 
 
 (James Wadworth, in his " English Spanish Wood, " was a compleat gentleman in all 
 
 Pj'Zgnm," &c. printed 1630,) tells us, "that suitable employments; an exact seaman; 
 
 sir Robert Dudley, who styleth himself a good navigator; an excellent architect, 
 
 mathematician, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 368 
 
 " The king having a deep sense of the great injuries done to sir Robert 
 Dudley, lady Alice his wife, and their children ; and being of opinion that, in 
 justice and equity, the possessions so taken from them, do rightly belong to 
 them. And holding himself obliged, in honour and conscience, to make them 
 satisfaction, and far as his present ability will enable him ; and also taking into 
 consideration the great estate sold by lady Alice, at Kenilworth, at a very 
 great undervalue, and that not yet performed, to many thousand pounds 
 damage. Also in consideration of the services of sir Richard Levison and 
 Robert Holborne, esquire," (who married two of lady Alice's daughters,) 
 " the king doth grant to the lady Alice Dudley, the title of dutchess Dudley, 
 for her life ; and to her daughters, the places, titles and precedences of duke's 
 daughters, for their lives ; conceiving himself obliged to do much more for 
 them, if it were in his power, in these unhappy times of distraction." 
 
 Dugdale in a letter to Anf Wood, (published in the Gentleman's Magazine 
 for April 1820, p. 309, et seq.) and written expressly to inform him of this 
 lady's death, charities, &c. mentions her funeral as intended " to be solemnized 
 in very great state, about ten days hence," i. e. from the date of his letter, 
 (8 Martij 1669,) " whereat," he adds, " myselfe, with three or foure more of 
 my fellow heraulds, are to attend," after giving an account of her, her family, 
 charities, of a monument for her, which cost £.'i>00, Sec. he says, — "The corps 
 lyes now in greate state at her house in Holburne ; the roome wherein it is 
 being hung with velvet, and a chayre of state, cushion and coronet, according 
 to her degree, and a great banner of her armes, empaled with her husband ; ai 
 also eight banner rolls, with empaleraent of matches above him, as is proper 
 in such cases." Duchess Dudley died at her house near the church, January 
 22, 1669, aged 90. 
 
 Earl of Bristol. — St. Giles's parish claims this nobleman as a parishioner. Earl of 
 from his having resided during the latter part of his life in Great Queen- ^"**'''* 
 street ; at the house there, called Bristol house, as see p. 250. This mansion, 
 whose grounds must have run back into Oldwick close, might have been part 
 
 of 
 
 mathematician, physician, and what not. to catch partridges." Sir Robert, was the 
 
 He was a handsome personable man, tall of author of several well written treatises upon 
 
 stature, red haired, and of admirable com- various subjects ; for a list of which and 
 
 port ; and, above all, noted for riding the also a further account of him, see Atheaae 
 
 great horse, tilting; and for his being the Oxoniensis, vol. ii. p. 126. 
 first of all that taught a dog to sit in order 
 
 3a2 
 
se-i 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Countess of 
 Exeter. 
 
 Countesses of 
 Dorset and 
 Devon. 
 
 Countess of 
 Southamp- 
 ton. 
 
 of the premises in which his relative, sir Kenelm Digby had before lived. He 
 was the second earl of Bristol, and is a character well known in English his- 
 tory, as the steady adherent of Charles I, in his troubles. He was bom in 
 1612; in 1640, returned member of parliament for Dorset. In 1653 he suc- 
 ceeded his father as earl of Bristol ; and in 1661 was installed a knight of the 
 garter. From that period he became a frequent speaker in parliament, wrote 
 several letters, speeches, &c. And having lived to the age of 64 years, died 
 at Chelsea, March 20, I676, and was buried there. He married the lady Anne 
 Russell, second daughter to Francis earl of Bedford, and had by her ladyship 
 (who died I696) two sons and two daughters ; of his son, John, the eldest 
 succeeded him as third earl of Bristol, but died without issue, anno 1698. 
 
 Countess of Exeter. — The countess of Exeter is mentioned as occupy- 
 ing one of the wings of Weld House in 1680. This was probably the 
 relict of John Cecil, earl of Exeter, who died I678, and whose son and 
 successor (John Cecil the 5th earl of this family) died I7OO. She had removed 
 from Weld House before 1688. 
 
 Countesses of Dorset and Devon. — These ladies are both mentioned in 
 the year I67O, as the donors of different sums to the poor ; and from the manner 
 in which their names are entered, were, it is to be presumed, parishioners. 
 The first was the mother of Charles Sackville, earl of Dorset, who succeeded 
 his father in I677 ; and who, vita patris, (I674,) was created earl of Middlesex 
 and baron Cranfield, and died 1705. The Sackville family, it has been seen, 
 were landholders here in very early times. — The countess of Devon meant, 
 was probably the wife of William Cavendish, the last earl but one before the 
 erection of the dukedom, who became earl in 1625, and died anno 1628; 
 Her daughter married Henry Rich, earl of Holland. The countess was an 
 active royalist, and contributed much to the restoration of Charles II, a ser- 
 vice for which that monarch always paid her the highest attention and respect. 
 She was also a most excellent woman.— /See more of her in CoUins's Peerage, 
 vol. I. p. 305 et seq. She died I674. 
 
 Countess of Southampton.— This lady was the second wife of the lord 
 treasurer Sputhampton, before noticed, and appears to have survived him 
 some years, and to have resided at Southampton house, Bloomsbury-square^ 
 being mentioned in an entry in the churchwardens accounts as follows, viz. 
 ~" l667.~Rec' of the R' Hon'ble the Countess of South'ton, money given 
 in her chapel at the holy communion, £.8." —She was the lady Elizabeth 
 
 Leigh, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 365 
 
 Leigh, daughter of Francis Leigh, lord Dunsemore, created earl of Chichester, 
 20 Car. I, ('♦) and the mother (by lord Southampton) of his second daughter 
 Elizabeth Wriothesley, (who was a co-heiress with his other daughter, lady 
 Rachel Russell, by his first countess Rachel de Massay). This Elizabeth, the 
 daughter, married first to Jocelino Percy, the eleventh and last earl of North- 
 umberland, CO and afterwards to Ralph earl, and in I706, duke of Montague, 
 the founder of Montague house, ('*) by which means the ducal families of 
 Bedford and Montague became nearly related. 
 
 Earl of Nottingham, &c. — Lady Heneage, or Heindge, has been noticed pinch and 
 as a parishioner here, and contributor towards building the church in 1623; fj^jj^g 
 as has also Sir Thomas Finch, an inhabitant at the same time. The connection 
 between the two families of these names will be seen by what follows. 
 
 The house of Finch (of which there were several branches) derive them- 
 selves from Herbert Fitzherbert, called Finch, who was in ward to the king, 
 in 28 Ed. I, and lineally descended from Henry Fitzherbert, chamberlain to 
 king Henry I. Sir Moyl Finch, of Eastwell, in the county of Kent, knight, 
 a direct inheritor from these (being a gentleman of ample fortune,) was one 
 of twenty in number, as to precedence, whom king James I, made baronets 
 in 1612; and his unexpected death only, is supposed to have prevented his 
 rising to higher honours. 
 
 This gentleman's widow was Elizabeth, the sole daughter and heir of sir 
 Thomas Henage, knight, (husband of the lady Henage just mentioned,) 
 treasurer of the chamber, &c. and of the privy council to queen Elizabeth ; 
 in consideration of which, and other causes, she was successively raised to the 
 dignities of viscountess Maidstone, and countess of Winchelsey. From this 
 lady sprung the earls of Winchelsey and Nottingham, and from her they 
 assumed the additional name of Henage. She died March 13, 1633, and was 
 buried with her husband at Eastwell, under a noble monument, which still 
 remains. 
 
 By 
 
 ("*) He was the first of his family who (") Son of Algernon Percy, lord admiral, 
 
 bore that title, and dying without issue male, an inhabitant of this parish, and of whom 
 
 it was conferred on Charles Fitzroy, natural an account has already been given, 
 
 son of Charles II, by the duchess of Oeve- ("')0f whom, see an account here- 
 
 land, who was created baron of Newbury, after, 
 earl of Chichester, and duke of Southamp- 
 ton, 10 Sept, 27 Car. II. 
 
S66 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 By sir Moyl Pinch, lady Finch had seven sons and four daughters; of the 
 sons, two were distinguished inhabitants of this parish, viz. sir Thomas Finch 
 just noticed, and sir Henage Finch, (father of the subject of this memoir) ; sir 
 Thomas succeeded to the earldom of Winchelsey on his mother's death (when 
 he probably removed from St. Giles's parish,) and died at his house in Gharter- 
 house-yard, Smithfield, anno 1639, leaving his eldest son, Henage, his heir. 
 Lord Chan- who became second earl of Winchelsey. Sir Henage, 4th son of sir Moyl, was 
 ceUor Finch. j.g(,Qj.jgj. ^f London, and speaker of the house of commons, anno 1625, and 
 father to sir Henage Finch, afterwards lord high chancellor, and earl of 
 Nottingham. ('0 ""•■' ' ' 
 
 Elizabeth, his eldest daughter, married Samuel Grimston, son of Sir Har- 
 
 bottle Grimston, bart. whose descendant, sir William Grimston, bart. was 
 
 a parishioner here in 1717- 
 
 Daniel, 2d Daniel, his son, who was second earl of Nottingham, was a parishioner of 
 
 tingham." ' ^*' Giles's for some years after his father's death. He is noticed in the parish 
 
 books (as well as the lord Chancellor) as the occupier of a pew in the church. 
 
 Dr. Sharpe, afterwards curate and rector here, and archbishop of York, was the 
 
 domestic chaplain of lord Finch, while lord keeper ; from which circumstance 
 
 probably originated his connection with the parish, as its minister, if not his 
 
 subsequent promotion. " '-; 
 
 Marquis of MARftuis OF WINCHESTER. — The residence of the marquis of Winchester, 
 
 Win'ton. ^^g a^ Paulet House, Great Queen-street. At what time this family settled 
 
 there, we have no direct evidence, but it certainly was not earlier than the 
 
 reign of James I, as Oldwick-close, and the south side of Queen-street, 
 
 remained in great part unbuilt on, until about that period. The marquis, of 
 
 whom we are about to speak, is first noticed as a parishioner in an entry in the 
 
 vestry minutes, for regulating the pews in the church, anno 1680, and he is 
 
 afterwards mentioned in other entries there. This was Charles Paulet, sixth 
 
 marquis of Winchester, and first duke of Bolton, who was the eldest son of John 
 
 the 
 
 C^) This family was distinguished for This John Finch was the son of sir Henry 
 
 producing great lawyers; besides Henage Finch, of the Mote, in Kent, who was the 
 
 Finch, the father, who was recorder of second brother to sir Moyl Finch. He was 
 
 London, and speaker of the house of com- advanced to the dignity of a baron, by the 
 
 mons, and the above lord chancellor Finch, title of lord Finch, of Fordwiche, 15 Car. I, 
 
 was John lord Finch, of Fordwiche, who and died 1660. 
 succeeded lord Coventry, as lord keeper. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 867 
 
 the fifth marquis, who died anno 1674, at the age of 77 years, and who was 
 
 the premier marquis of England : — ■ 
 
 " He who in impious times untainted stood, 
 And midst rebellion durst be just and good : 
 Whose arms asserted, and whose sufferings more 
 Confirm'd the cause, for which he fought before." 
 
 These lines of Dryden, allude to this nobleman's most exemplary loyalty to, 
 and sufferings in the cause of Charles Ij and during which, among other great 
 losses, his magnificent seat of Basing was destroyed, with a property of more 
 than j&. 200,000. He died February 6, 1698-9, and left two sons, Charles, 
 his successor, (called in the life-time of his father, lord Wiltshire,) and William, Lord 
 C) and three daughters. Lord William, the youngest son, was one of the ^^ Lord 
 supporters of the pall at the burial of Prince William of Gloucester, anno William. 
 1700, was afterwards elected a knight of the bath, and advanced to other 
 honours, and died Sept. 25, 17^9, in the 63d year of his age. 
 
 Charles (called in the entry quoted below " the lord Wiltshire,") succeeded 
 his father as second duke of Bolton. His grace had three wives. By the 
 first, who was daughter of lord George Coventry, (a parishioner of this parish,) 
 he left no issue ; by the second (Henrietta Crofts) he had a son, who married 
 one of the earl of Thanet's daughters (also a parishioner) ; Charles, his eldest 
 son, and third duke of Bolton, married Polly Fenton, the actress. 
 
 Marquis of Worcester. — This family, like that of Pawlet, had a mansion Marquis of 
 in Great Queen-street, and apparently was contemporary with it. The mar- '""tester. 
 quis of Worcester is mentioned in the vestry minutes in a similar way with the 
 marquis of Win'ton, as renting a pew in the church, and in the same year with 
 him. The marquisses of Worcester were a branch of the Herberts, as were 
 the marquisses of Powis ; and like them, probably, became parishioners about 
 the period of the Restoration ; an era when a number of great families settled 
 in the parish, as has been shewn in the preceding pages (''). 
 
 Henry, 
 
 (") Vestry Minutes. — " 1680. The right we are now speaking, was probably the only 
 honourable the lord marquis of Win'ton, to person of that branch who inhabited in this 
 hold and enjoy one fore pew, and two back parish ; the heads of his family having re- 
 pews for his own life, and the lives of the sided as late as the time of the civil wars, at 
 lord Wiltshire and lord William, his sons, Worcester house, in the Strand, and where 
 on paying £.50, and the rent in arrear." Edward, the 4th earl, died in 1627-8. After 
 
 (•") The marquis of Worcester, of whom the Restoration, Worcester house, (which 
 
 had 
 
368 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Henry, third marquis of Worcester, and first duke of Bolton (of whom we 
 are now speaking), was the son of Edward, second marquis of Worcester, well 
 known as the author of that highly ingenious treatise, entitled, " A Century 
 of the Names and Scantlings of such Inventions," &c. This Edward died 
 anno I667. Henry, his successor, was first constituted lord lieutenant of 
 Gloucestershire during his father's life ; and also (167'2) lord president of the 
 council in the principality of Wales j and he was afterwards, on his father's 
 death, appointed lord lieutenant of twelve of the principal counties of North 
 and South Wales. He was also subsequently appointed lord lieutenant of the 
 county and city of Bristol, sworn of his majesty's privy council, and installed 
 a knight of the garter ; " and having been eminently serviceable to the king," 
 (as is expressed in the patent), " since his most happy restoration ; in con- 
 sideration thereof," he was, by letters patent, dated December 2, 1682, 
 (34 Car. II), advanced to the title of duke of Beaufort, with remainder to his 
 heirs male. 
 
 He exerted himself against the duke of Monmouth in 1685 ; and in 1688, 
 endeavoured to secure Bristol against the adherents of the Prince of Orange ; 
 upon whose elevation to the throne, his grace refusing to take the oaths, was 
 obliged to go into retirement, where he died, January 21, 1699, in the 70th 
 year of his age, and was buried in Beaufort chapel, St. George's chapel, 
 Windsor, with his ancestors ("). 
 
 By Mary, his duchess (who died in 1714> aged 85), the duke had four sons 
 and five daughters ; of the latter, lady Anne Somerset (the 4th daughter) 
 married Thomas, first earl of Coventry, a parishioner of this parish. Charles 
 lord Herbert, his second son, married the daughter of Josiah Child (part of 
 whose family also inhabited this parish). The rest not being any ways inte- 
 resting to this account, it is needless to mention. The other intermarriages 
 of the duke's family with parishioners of St. Giles's were, that of his aunt, 
 
 Elizabeth 
 
 had been deserted by its owners in the inter- been much altered and improved in his ab- 
 
 regnum,) was let to lord chancellor Claren- sence,) and it assumed the name of Beaufort 
 
 don, who paid a rent of £.600 per annum house. Beaufort buildings, Strand, now oc- 
 
 for it, until Clarendon, or Arbemarle house, cupy the site of this mansion. 
 Piccadilly, was finished. This, apparently, C°) See a print of his very magnificent 
 
 was the interval during which the marquis of monument, with its inscription, in Pete's 
 
 Worcester became a parishioner of St.Giles's. Windsor, p. 381; also for the same, and a 
 
 On his being created duke of Beaufort, he further account of him, ice Ashmole's Berjcs, 
 
 returned to Worcester house, (which had vol.iii, p. 162. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— NOBLE PARISHIONERS. 369 
 
 Elizabeth Somerset, with William Herbert, earl and marquis of Powis (who 
 built Powis, now Newcastle house, Lincoln's-irin-fields) ; and that of his 
 grandfather, Henry the first marquis, who married Ann Russell, grand-daughter 
 of Francis earl of Bedford. His grandson, Henry, succeeded him as second 
 duke of Beaufort. 
 
 Earl of Leicester. — The evidence of this nobleman's having been a Earl of 
 parishioner, and of the time of his living in the parish, is the authority of a ®'*^^^ ^'^' 
 vestry minute relative to his occupancy of a pew in the church, viz. — " 1680. 
 The right hon'ble the earl of Leicester, and two of his family, to have pews 
 assigned to them." 
 
 The earldom of Leicester was a title of dignity enjoyed at different periods 
 by no less than nine noble families, viz. Saxon ; the family of Leofrick, whose 
 son Algar died in IO7I : Norman ; the Bellamontes : and English, &c. the 
 Montforts, Plantagenets, Quinceys, Dudleys, Sidneys, Shirleys, and Townsend 
 families. Of these great houses, St. Giles's can reckon four belonging to her 
 parish ; the Bellamontes or Blemontes, often before mentioned, the Dudleys, 
 the Sidneys, and the Townsends. The subject of the above entry was Philip, 
 the second earl of the Sidney family, and the 19th from Leofrick, the first earl. 
 This Philip was the grandson of Robert Sidney, who succeeded to the earl- 
 dom in I6I8, after Robert Dudley, the last earl of his family, who died 1588, 
 since which time the title had been in abeyance. From the Sidneys (the last 
 male heir of which family was extinct in I7 — ), the earldom of Leicester, 
 went in 1784, to the Townsends, the first earl of which name, George 
 Townsend, Baron de Ferrars, of Chartley, &c. was so created by George III, 
 and was also a parishioner here. 
 
 Lord and Lady Russell. — The introduction of the Bedford family into Lord and 
 this parish, seems to have been owing to the union of the noble persons we Lady Russell. 
 have now to speak of, and of whom some account has already been given. 
 As the present owners of the manors of St. Giles and Bloomsbury, we shall 
 add a few particulars of this great family. 
 
 Francis, earl of Bedford, in the reigns of James I, and Charles I, and the Bedford 
 fourth earl in lineal succession from John Russell the first earl, (temp, ^^^^y- 
 Hen. VIII,) had four sons and five daughters. His sons were, William, his 
 successor ; Francis, who died unmarried ; John, a colonel in the civil wars 
 for King Charles I ; and Edward, whose son Edward went over to the Prince 
 of Orange in the time of James II, and was afterwards the famous admiral 
 
 S B Russell. 
 
370 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Russell. The four daughters were, lady Katharine (the eldest), who married 
 Robert lord Broke ; the lady Anne, afterwards wife to George earl of Bristol ; 
 the lady Margaret, married to James Hay earl of Carlisle ; and the lady Diana, 
 marred to Fi'ancis lord Newport. 
 
 William succeeded his father Francis, in 1641, and was the fifth earl of 
 Bedford. He was general of the Parliament's horse at the battle of Edge-hill, 
 but afterwards joined the king at Oxford. He afterwards, during the several 
 contests which followed, lived retired, but heartily concurred in the restoration 
 of Charles II. In I672 he was elected a knight of the garter ; and on the 11th 
 May 1694, he was created marquis of Tavistock, and duke of Bedford. 
 He died September 7» 1700. By Anne, daughter to Robert Carr, earl of 
 Somerset, and Frances Howard, he had seven sons and three daughters : of the 
 
 Lord William former, the eldest was the celebrated lord William Russell, who married, as 
 has been stated, Rachel, daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Wriothesley, earl 
 of Southampton, by whom he left issue one son, and two daughters. 
 
 Lady Rachel Russell, the eldest daughter, was married to William lord 
 Cavendish, afterwards duke of Devonshire ; and the second, lady Katherine, 
 married John Manners lord Roos, afterwards duke of Rutland. Wriothesley, 
 the son, married Elizabeth, only daughter of John Howland, esq. succeeded 
 his grandfather as duke of Bedford, in I7OO, and died of the small-pox, May 26, 
 1711, aged 31. He was succeeded in the dukedom by Wriothesley his son, 
 who married lady Anne Egerton, daughter of Scroop duke of Bridgewater ; 
 but dying without issue, Oct. 3, 1733, his only surviving brother, John (born 
 Sept. 30, 1710), became duke. — John, the fourth duke of Bedford, married to 
 his second wife, lady Gertrude, daughter of John earl Gower, and had issue 
 one daughter, named Caroline (afterwards duchess of Marlborough), and one 
 son, named Francis, who succeeded his father as duke of Bedford, and was the 
 grandfather of Francis the late duke. 
 
 Lady Russell. Lady Russell, after the death of her lord, removed to Woburn, where she 
 mostly resided for upwards of a twelvemonth after that event. Her return to 
 Southampton house, Bloomsbury, and the melancholy reflections it occasioned, 
 are thus mentioned in one of her published letters (to Dr. Fitzwilliam) ; it is 
 dated October 1, 1684 (") :— 
 
 " I have 
 
 (*') From a passage in another letter, ford house, (Covent garden,) was at that time 
 
 dated 11th Oct. 1685, it appears that Bed- theresidenceof her husband's family, and not 
 
 the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— NOBLE PARISHIONERS. S7I 
 
 " I have to acquaint you with my resolve to try that desolate habitation of 
 mine at London, this winter. The doctor agrees it is the best place for my boy, 
 and I have no argument to balance that ; nor could I take the resolution to 
 see London till that was urged ; but by God's permission, I will try how I can 
 endure that place — in thought, a place of terror to me !" 
 
 Of the Chapel at Southampton house, she thus speaks in the same letter : — 
 
 " I have thought how to supply the chapel ; — so short a warning as 1 had 
 given myself," (in regard to her removal to London,) " could never secure 
 my being supphed as I desire ; and I considered one of your order not to be used 
 as other domestics, so that if unhappily I should have entertained one not 
 agreeable to me, it would have been hard to have relieved myself; so lighted 
 on this expedient : — To invite an old acquaintance of your's to pass this winter 
 with me ; and if her husband, Mr. Hanbury, could dispense, for some weeks, 
 with officiating at Botley, I would be willing he should supply my chapel, 
 being at present unprovided." 
 
 Earl of Thanet. — The Thanet family were not only parishioners them- Earl of 
 selves, but allied by marriage to various other noble families in St. Giles's. Thanet. 
 The first peer was Nicholas Tufton, son of sir John Tufton, kt. and bart. who 
 died iGS-i. This Nicholas, being one the gentlemen who went to meet 
 James I, in his progress to England, after queen Elizabeth's death, was 
 knighted by that monarch at Newcastle. April 13, 1603. And in the year 
 16^6, was advanced to the dignity of a baron, by the title of lord Tufton, of 
 Tufton in Sussex ; and in 1628 was created earl of Thanet. This earl had 
 several children, among whom the following may be more particularly noticed, 
 as connected with this parish : — Cecil Tufton, his second son, who was a pa- 
 rishioner, and died at his house in Lincoln's-inn-fields, anno 1682, aged Q3 ; 
 
 and 
 
 the mansion in Bloomsbury-square, which is and Southampton house, Bloomsburj'. Old- 
 denominated in all her letters, Southampton mixon says, " The duke of York descended 
 house, and seems to have been occupied by so low in his revenge against lord Russell, as 
 herself and establishment only. On lady to desire this innocent lord might be exe- 
 Russell's demise in 1723, Bedford house, cuted before his own door in Bloomsbury- 
 Covent garden, was deserted, and the house square; an insult the king himself would not 
 at Bloomsbury became the ducal residence; consent to." In his way to execution in 
 which then in consequence changed its name Lincoln's-inn-fields, he is said to have looked 
 from Southampton house to Bedford house. towards Southampton house, (Holborn,) and 
 Lord Russell, in his life-time, resided al- to have wiped a tear from his cheek, at the 
 ternately at Southampton house, Holborn, reflections it occasioned. 
 
 3 B 2 
 
3y2 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 and whose eldest daughter, Elizabeth, married sir Edward Deering, also an in- 
 habitant of St. Giles's ; and John, his eldest son, and second earl of Thanet, 
 four of whose sons, Nicholas, John, Richard and Thomas, succeeded to the 
 earldom after their father, and were all parishioners ; as were two of his 
 daughters, by intermarriages with the families of Coventry and Grimston. 
 
 Thomas, the youngest of the four sons just mentioned, succeeded his brother 
 Richard, as sixth earl of Thanet, in 1683-4; and married the same year 
 Catherine, daughter and co-heiress of Henry Cavendish, duke of Newcastle, 
 who dying in 1712, was buried at Raynham. They had issue, three sons and five 
 daughters. The three sons, who were severally born in the years 1686, 1690 
 and 1691, singular to relate, all died on the respective days of their birth ; 
 the first at Thanet house. Great Russell-street, the second at Hothefield, and 
 the third at Leeds Castle ; the daughters all arrived at age and were married. 
 Earl Thomas himself died July 30, I7I8, without issue male, by which means 
 the earldom of Thanet, and estates in Kent, Sussex, Yorkshire and Westmor- 
 land, descended to his nephew Sackville Tufton, eldest son of his brother 
 Sackville Tufton, fifth son of John, second earl of Thanet. This earl was 
 born in I688, and died in 1753. 
 
 Besides Thanet house in Great Russell-street, which was the town mansion 
 of the earls of Thanet, there was a second residence in Aldersgate-street, 
 called also Thanet house, where George Tufton (the brother of earl Thomas) 
 died in I67O, aged 20, who was the sixth son of John, the second earl. 
 
 Earl Thanet's autograph, as a vestryman of St. Giles's, occurs in the parish 
 books, between the years 1684 and I69O. 
 The Lords LoRDs Wharton. — The Lords Wharton, were inhabitants here several years, 
 
 '*"* and resided at their mansion opposite the west end of the church. This resi- 
 dence (of which mention has been made before) stood exactly at the south 
 east corner of Denmark-street ; and if not the same dwelling, was another 
 built precisely on the site of Dudley house. It is thus noticed, with its then 
 occupant, in a vestry order dated 1607. " Col. Wharton to have leave at his own 
 proper costs and charges, to make 2 half windows to the west window of the 
 church steeple, to shutt when the bells ring." This was to lessen the annoy- 
 ance of their sound on ringing days, arising from their being so near to Wharton 
 house. 
 
 The colonel Wharton here mentioned, was Thomas, afterward lord Whar- 
 ton, and first marquis of Wharton. He was the son of Philip lord Wharton, 
 
 imprisoned 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— NOBLE PARISHIONERS. 373 
 
 imprisoned by Charles II, " a presbyterian in politics, an atheist in religion !" 
 William III, who found him at the head of a party in the house of commons, 
 and the avowed enemy of the Stuarts, made him a privy councillor, and pro- 
 moted him to various offices of high trust. On queen Anne's accession he was 
 dismissed from most of his places, but she afterwards named him a commis- 
 sioner for the Union, created him earl of Wharton in I706, and viscount 
 Winchenden ; in I7O8 she appointed him lord lieutenant of Ireland, but he 
 was recalled in I7IO. George I. made him lord privy seal, named him 
 a privy councillor, and afterwards created him marquis of Wharton, &c. He 
 died April 12, 1715, aged 66, and was succeeded by his son Philip, afterwards 
 created duke of Wharton, and well known from his eccentricities. 
 
 Duke of Montagu. — Ralph, first duke of Montagu, was the founder and Duke of 
 inhabitant of Montagu house. He was the son and heir of Edward lord Mon- °° *^* 
 tagu. In 1683, he became a peer by the death of his father, having previously 
 married Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of the lord treasurer Southampton, 
 and widow of Joceline Percy, the eleventh and last earl of Northumberland! 
 by which he received a great accession to his fortune. He was created by 
 William III, marquis of Monthermor, and by queen Anne, duke of 
 Montagu. 
 
 Being a widower, in I69O, he solicited the hand of the heiress of Henry 
 Cavendish, duke of Newcastle, and relict of Christopher Monk, duke of Albe- 
 marle. There seemed two inseparable bars to this union ; the lady was insane, 
 and she determined to marry no other than a monarch. However, he 
 addressed, prevailed, and married her, in 1691, as emperor of China; and so 
 firmly fixed was the rank she had attained as a reality, in her deranged mind, 
 that until her death, which happened at Newcastle house, Clerkenwell, 
 August 20, 1734, she would never suffer any one to approach her but as 
 empress, and she was accordingly always served upon the knee. The duke died 
 at his house in Bloomsbury, March 9, I7O8-9. By his first lady he had John 
 his successor, and other children ; but he had no issue by the empress of 
 China. 
 
 John, duke of Montagu, continued a parishioner for some years after his 
 accession to the dukedom, and was, with his relative, the duke of Bedford, 
 appointed a vestryman of St. George, Bloomsbury, at the first vestry held for 
 that parish in 1731 ; but in 1733, he removed, with his duchess, from Mon- 
 tagu house, (of which they had only occupied one wing), to his residence at 
 
 Whitehall. 
 
374 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Marquis of 
 Powis. 
 
 Sir John 
 Carewe. 
 
 Lady Erwin, 
 &c. 
 
 Whitehall. Montagu house was afterwards purchased by government, and 
 became the British Museum. 
 
 Marquis of Powis. — He was the founder of Powis house, at the north- 
 west corner of Lincoln' s-inn-fields, in which he resided until it was purchased 
 from him by the duke of Newcastle, when it received the name of Newcastle 
 house. This nobleman was William Herbert, lord Powis, only son of Percy, 
 created earl of Powis, 26 Car. II ; and viscount Montgomery, and marquis of 
 Powis, 3 Jac. II. His lordship died in France, anno 1696, outlawed. He 
 was of the same family with lord Herbert of Cherbury. 
 
 [Besides the preceding noble characters, all of the peerage, there were 
 within the period we are treating of, also parishioners here : — The lord 
 chief justice Glynn, lord Bronkard, lord Rich, (a descendant from Henry 
 Rich earl of Holland,) the right honorable lady Montagu, and the lord 
 Bellasys, (") exclusively of the ambassadors from Holland, Spain, and 
 Portugal, and several others of equal rank, whose names not occurring 
 in the parish books, we are unable to mention.] 
 In other parts of the parish there were living at this time, besides numerous 
 gentry and tradesmen of opulence, the following eminent persons : — 
 
 Sir John Crewe. — He resided in the parish in 1670, in which year he is 
 noticed in the books as the donor of the sum of one pound to the poor. 
 Though spelt " Crewe" in the entry, it is probable the name should be Caretve, 
 an ancestor of which family, (Sir Wymond Carewe,) bought long prior, as has 
 been shewn, the hospital site. There were two baronets of the name of Carewe, 
 viz. Richard Carewe of Anthony, in the county of Cornwall, so created 17 
 Car. I ; and Thomas Carewe of Haccomb, in the county of Devon, the patent 
 of whose creation is dated 13 Car. II, (l66l,) but in what way related to this 
 Sir John, does not appear. Nathaniel Crewe, bishop of Durham, and the last 
 of the barons Crewe, was allied to this Carewe family. 
 
 Lady Erwin, &c. — Ladies Erwin, Brumley, Carre, and Mounteyne, are all 
 mentionod as renting pews in the church in I676, and were probably from 
 
 that 
 
 (") A long account of this nobleman will 
 be found in the inscription from his tomb, 
 given in the New View of London, and 
 Strype's Stowe, speaking of St. Giles's 
 church, where he was buried in 1670. He 
 gave to the poor of this parish £.50. He 
 
 was an active loyalist during the civil wars. 
 The family was ennobled 18 Car. I, by the 
 titles of viscount Falconberg, of Hench- 
 knowl, and baron Falconberg, of Yarom, 
 com. York. The title was extinct in 1700. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 375 
 
 that circumstance parishioners ; but we have met with nothing further respect- 
 ing them than their names. Lady Brumley, or Bromley, might have been 
 the wife of Sir WiUiam Bromley, of Baggington in Warwickshire, K. B. whose 
 son, the right honorable sir William Bromley, was a great leader of the tory 
 and Jacobite interest, and died 1732. There were also the Bromleys, baronets, 
 of Stoke Hall, Nottinghamshire. Of the name of Carre, there were two 
 baronets, (an English and an Irish one,) viz. sir Edward Carre, of Sleford 
 com. Lincoln, kt. created 9 Jac. I, (l6ll,) and Charles Henry Carr, of the 
 Queen's county, Ireland, made a baronet 1627- Query. — Was the above lady 
 related, and how, to either of these ? 
 
 Sir Thomas Millinoton is mentioned, in 1690, as renting a pew in the Sir Thomas 
 church, but his name, like the above, occurs no otherwise in the parish books, ' ""S'on. 
 we are therefore unable to give any particulars of him. 
 
 Sir Richard Holford. — The Holfords were originally of " Holford juxta Sir Richard 
 Nether Tabley in Cheshire," and have been for many ages, and still continue, holford. 
 a family of high respectability. The precise period of their first becoming in- 
 habitants of this parish, does not appear ; but it will be seen, from what is 
 about to be stated, that they must have been landholders, if not parishioners, 
 very soon after the dissolution of St. Giles's hospital. The earliest parish re- 
 cords mention the name, and it stands conspicuous, in those of an after date, 
 for more than a century ; though this by no means determines the length of 
 their residence, as these records extend no farther back than the reign of 
 James I. How many years they might have lived in the parish before that 
 time, can only be conjectured from circumstances. The information we have 
 been able to gain, warrants the conclusion, that it could have been little less 
 than a second century, in which case they are to be numbered amongst the 
 oldest inhabitants of the parish. The occasion of their first settling here, seems 
 to have been in consequence of their purchase of that part of the hospital 
 estates, called Aldewych close, adjoining Drury-lane. This land, of which an 
 account has already been given, was held in the reign of Ehzabeth, by Henry 
 Holford, esq. (jointly with sir Henry Drury) ; Henry Holford, his son or 
 grandson, held it in the reign of Charles I. 
 
 Richard Holford, of whom we now speak, was the next successor to this Holford 
 estate, and flourished during the interregnum, and great part of the reign of ^™' ^' 
 Charles II, and was a great benefactor to the parish. The first mention of him 
 in the books is anno 1653, as the donor to the poor of £A per annum, for ever; 
 
 and 
 
376 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 and in 1655-6, he is again mentioned as to the same gift, and the sum stated 
 to be £.5 yearly, instead of £.4>. In 1659 his principal donation (the Princes- 
 street estate) was secured by a deed of feoffment from him, therein described 
 as Richard Holford of the parish of St. Giles-in-the-fields, to the then minister, 
 Thomas Case, and others, trustees. The particulars will be found under the 
 head " Donations." Oldwick close (of which this was part) is said in the 
 deed, to have theretofore belonged to the hospital of St. Giles, and to have 
 lawfully descended and come to him from his ancestors. This estate still be- 
 longs to the parish. The name of Richard Holford again occurs in 1660, in 
 the churchwardens accounts, where credit is given him for six and eight-pence, 
 for his licence to eat flesh in Lent. He is not again mentioned, and probably 
 died soon afterwards. His monument was in the old St. Giles's church. 
 
 Sib Richard Holford, the son, was born anno 1033, and died in the year 
 1714, at the great age of 81. An engraved portrait of him by Vertue, from 
 a painting by Richardson, (a private plate,) still remains in the hands of the 
 family. Sir Richard was a master in Chancery in 1693. His relict died 
 March 20, 1722-3. There are descendants from sir Richard ; one of these, 
 Peter Holford, esq. (lately deceased,) was also for many years a master in 
 Chancery. Besides the above, there was a Henry Holford, also an inhabitant 
 of the parish, and chosen vestryman in 1669. (*') 
 Lady Anne Lady Anne Holborne was one of the daughters of the duchess Dudley, 
 and resided with her mother at Dudley house, in l62S, and gave £.5 towards 
 rebuilding the church, under the name of lady Anne Dudley. She after- 
 wards became the wife of sir Robert Holborne, of Lincoln's-inn, knt. who, in 
 the patent of nobility granted to her mother by Charles I, is styled " Robert 
 Holborne, esquire," and whose services, with those of sir Richard Leveson, 
 who married another daughter, is made one of the considerations for bestowing 
 that patent. Lady Anne died in 1668, having previously bequeathed £.50 to 
 the poor of St. Giles's, (of which she appears to have continued a parishioner 
 until her death,) and was buried in St. Giles's church, with a monument and 
 inscription. Sir Robert Holborne, the husband, was a lawyer of considerable 
 
 eminence, 
 
 (") " Query. What relation to sir Richard Leicestershire, another contemporary, mar- 
 was sir James Holford, buried at Chelsea, lied Frances, daughter of James Cecil, earl 
 Nov. 17, 1713; and the right honble lady of Salisbury, (the third earl). She certainly 
 FrancesHolford,alsointerred there April 16, is the person buried at Chelsea." (Noble's 
 1698 ? Sir William Holford, of Welham, ia Contin. of Granger.) 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 377 
 
 eminence, and solicitor general to Charles I ; and is said, in the patent 
 alluded to, to " have much served his majesty, by his learned pen and other- 
 wise." He also was buried at St. Giles's, with an epitaph. 
 
 Lady Catherine Leveson, the sister of Lady Anne Holborne, was the only Lady Cathe- 
 one of the duchess Dudley's daughters which survived her, and at her death ""'""^ 
 was likewise buried in St. Giles's church. She died in iGjit, and emulated her 
 mother, the duchess, in munificence and charity. 
 
 Ladies Middleton and Yelverton. — These ladies are both noticed as Ladies 
 donors of different sums to the poor, in the churchwardens accounts for I67O; ^^^^ 
 but we can only conjecture as to their families. There were four baronets of Yelverton. 
 the name of Middleton, created at different periods, viz. George Middleton, of 
 Leighton, com. Lincoln, esq. 18 Car. 1 ; and which family title was extinct in 
 I7O8 ; and Thomas, William, and Hugh Middleton, all created baronets by 
 Charles II. It is most probable (unless a knight's wife only) that this lady 
 Middleton was the widow of the first of the Yelvertons ; there was William 
 Yelverton, of Rougham, com. Norfolk, created a baronet, 18 Jac. I. Two 
 other baronets are also mentioned of this name, who were afterwards advanced 
 to the peerage, viz. Christopher Yelverton, created a baronet by Charles I ; 
 and Talbot Yelverton, bart. (2 Will, et Mar.) both of whom took the titles of 
 viscount Longueville. 
 
 Rt. Hon. Lady Montagu. — This lady, and her attendants, are mentioned Right Hon. 
 as occupying two pews in the church, in I68O. From the addition of " Right jyioiftagu. 
 honorable," prefixed to her name, there is little doubt but that she was the 
 first wife of the lord Montagu, afterwards duke of Montagu, of whom an 
 account has already been given. 
 
 Hon. Robert Bertie. — He was the occupier of a pew in the church in Hon. Robert 
 1681, and the donor of a sum of £.50 to the poor. He was the son, and fifth 
 child of the great Robert Bertie, earl of Lindsey, slain 1642, at the battle of 
 Edge-hill, and was born 1619. His elder brother, Montagu, succeeded to 
 the title, and was afterwards (as his ancestors had been) lord great chamber- 
 lain of England, and whose grandson, in I706 (5 Anne,) was created marquis 
 of Lindsey. This family, afterwards the ducal family of Ancaster, resided for 
 many years at the mansion, called Lindsey, and subsequently Ancaster House, 
 Lincoln's-inn-fields. 
 
 Sir Edmund Turner is mentioned, with his lady, as parishioners about the sir Edmund 
 same time with the above. He was the youngest son of sir Christopher Turner. 
 Turner, of Milton Ernest, Bedfordshire ; whose family was distinguished for 
 
 3 C loyalty 
 
378 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH 
 
 Sir Thomas 
 Jones. 
 
 Sir Edward 
 Deering. 
 
 Sir William 
 Osborne, &c. 
 
 loyalty and eminent lawyers. His lady was the daughter of sir John Harrison, 
 of Ball, in Herts. Sir Edmund was a commissioner of the Cursitors office, 
 first commissioner of the Alienation office, and surveyor of the Out-ports ; and 
 died 1707* aged 88. His father, sir Christopher Turner, was a baron of the 
 exchequer. Sir Edmund's portrait, by Varelst, has been engraved. 
 
 Sir Thomas Jones.— Sir Thomas Jones occupied a pew in the middle aisle 
 of the church, in 16S2. He might be a descendant of sir Henry Jones, knight, 
 of Albemarle, com. Carmarthen, who was created a baronet 19 Car. I, (1643,) 
 and which family, as to the title, was extinct in I7O8. Or, Query, Was he 
 related to the Ranelagh family, whose surname was Jones ? 
 
 Sir Edward Deering. — A vestry order of I68O, directs 'squires Hampden 
 and Vaughan to have sir Edward Deering's pew, and to pay therefore yearly 
 £A2^ piece. Sir Edward, on the authority of Hasted, in his History of Kent, 
 was the 15th in descent from Dernigus de Morinis, whose ancestors came over 
 with the Conqueror. He was knighted I6I8, and created a baronet 1620. His 
 first wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Nicholas Tufton, afterwards earl of 
 Thanet. His son, sir Edward (who succeeded him while a minor,) died 1684. 
 He was also a parishioner, for in 1084, " the pew in which the earl of Notting- 
 ham sat," is appropriated to his use, by a like order of vestry. 
 
 Sir Wilriam Osborne. — The right worshipful sir William Osborne, and 
 " Mr. attorney general," are noticed in two entries in the vestry minutes for 
 the years 1680 and 1681, as occupying pews in the church. The first directs 
 " The right worshipful sir William Osborne to be placed in Mr. Hinton's 
 pew, but with room therein only for himself and daughter; and to pay yearly 
 405. being the third part of the rent of the said pewj" the second minute 
 orders that " Mr. attorney general be placed in the pew wherein the late 
 lord chancellor was seated." These, and the eminent characters after named, 
 (as well as several of which we have just given an account,) are all mentioned 
 about this time as renters of pews and seats in the church, and are an evidence 
 what great numbers of nobility and gentry then inhabited the parish (^*). 
 
 Lady 
 
 (**) The number of people of rank who 
 became parishioners about this time, or a 
 tew years earlier, evidently occasioned the 
 alterations and additions in the church, no- 
 ticed in the following vestry orders, viz. 
 1664 — " Ordered, That a petition be pre- 
 pared to the bishop of London, for the erect- 
 
 ing of galleries, for the better accommo- 
 dation of the nobility and gentry." — And 
 again, 1672 — " Ordered, That a door-way 
 be made out of the church porch, for the 
 more convenient passage of the gentry." — 
 And 1686,— "Ordered, That the way by the 
 church be enlarged, for the more convenient 
 
 standing 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 379 
 
 Lady Littleton. — Sir Edward Littleton, the first baronet of this family, Lady 
 (and who was so created 3 Car. I,) married Hester, the daughter of sir William 
 Courteen, of London, knight; and died 16'74;. The lady Littleton here 
 mentioned was, from the date she occupied a pew (1680,) probably his widow. 
 There were also the Littletons of Worcestershire and Shropshire (both baronets 
 families,) but she does not seem to have belonged to them. 
 
 Sir Stephen Langham. — The family of the Langhams descended from Sir Stephen 
 William, son of Henry de Langham, who held land in Langham, in Rutland- ^^^ ^'"' 
 shire, 10 Edw. I. Sir John Langham, of Cottesbroke, Northampton, (alderman 
 and lord mayor of London,) was created a baronet oh the restoration of Charles 
 II, and died anno I67I, leaving three sons, James, William, and Stephen. 
 Sir James who succeeded his father, and died 1699, was a parishioner as well 
 as his brother Sir Stephen. His third wife was the daughter of John, earl of 
 Clare. Sir James was chosen a vestryman in 1674. The honorable Langham 
 Booth (possibly related to this family) was also chosen a vestrymen in I72O. 
 
 Sir Thomas Chicheley. — A " Madam Chicheley," of whom there is an Sir Thomas 
 engraved mezzotinto portrait, and who was of the same family, was an ^^ ^^•'' 
 inhabitant here in the year I7OO, but we know not how related. Sir Thomas 
 held a pew in the church, anno I68O. 
 
 Hon. Russel, esq. — He is simply mentioned as renting a pew in I69O, Hon. 
 
 and was probably related to the Bedford family. 
 
 Sir Paul Whichcott. — This parishioner was the son of Sir Jeremy Sir Paul 
 Whichcott, of the Inner Temple, created a baronet 12 Car. II. He is mentioned ^^'^"^<=''t*' 
 in 1692, as the occupier of a pew, wherein the Lady Byram had been seated. 
 The family was originally of Whichcott in Shropshire ; from thence denomi- 
 nated De Whichcote, for several generations, as appears by two inquisitions, 
 taken 2 Edw. II, and 44 Edw. III. Sir Paul married the daughter and co-heir 
 of Sir Nicholas Gould, bart. and died 1734; leaving only one child, who 
 succeeded him, and was named Sir Francis Whichcott. 
 
 Lady Clifton. — The Cliftons, to whom this lady was allied, appear to have Lady Clifton. 
 been long parishioners, or connected by marriage with parishioners here. The 
 family took their name from Clifton, a vill in Nottinghamshire; and are de- 
 scended from Alveredus de Clifton, a knight, who lived soon after the Conquest^ 
 The eighteenth in descent from him was Sir Gervase Clifton, made a knight of 
 
 the 
 standing of tlie coaches of gentlemen com- orders of a similar import, but these will 
 ing to church." There are various other suffice. 
 
 3c 2 
 
380 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH J 
 
 Ladies 
 
 Skipwith and 
 By ram. 
 
 Major Gen. 
 Egerton. 
 
 Sir Clement 
 Armiger. 
 
 Sir Heneage 
 Fetherstone. 
 
 the bath at the coronation of James I, and afterwards advanced by him to the 
 dignity of a baronet. Sir Gervase's first wife, was Penelope Rich, daughter of 
 Robert earl of Warwick, and niece to Henry Rich, earl of Holland, (both 
 parishioners,) by whom he left a successor. Sir Gervase Clifton, who died I675. 
 The lady Clifton here mentioned, might be his widow ; she rented a pew in 
 the church in 1680. Sir Clifford Clifton, who has been noticed, married the 
 daughter of lord chancellor Finch. 
 
 The Lady Skipwith. — There were two baronets of this name, but it is 
 not easy to say to which this lady belonged, or whether to either of them. Sir 
 Thomas Skipwith, of Metheringham, in the county of Lincoln, so created 
 SO Car. II, (I678,) and Fulmar Skipwith, of Newbold Hall, in the county 
 of Warwick, made a baronet 22 Car. II, (I67O). Lady Skipwith occupied 
 a pew in 1690. 
 
 A Lady Byram is mentioned this same year as renting a pew, but we know 
 nothing more of her. 
 
 Major Gen. Egerton is entered in the churchwardens accounts (I68O,) 
 as the renter also of a pew in the church. Query, If of the Bridgewater 
 family? — The hon. Thomas Egerton, of that family, married a daughter of the 
 marquis of Newcastle. 
 
 [The following persons (mostly of title) were either parishioners and 
 vestrymen during the period we are treating of, or held estates in the 
 parish, the sites of which have since been built on, and bear their 
 names.3 
 
 Sir Clement Armiger. — For several years one of the magistrates of this 
 district, was vestryman from 1674 to 1695 ; in which year he died. In 1692, 
 being blind, and deemed superannuated, he was sequestered, but afterwards 
 recovered his sight, and was reinstated as one of the vestry. He subscribes the 
 vestry minutes while blind, by making his mark. Before, and afterwards, he 
 signs his name. 
 
 Sir Heneage Fetherstone. — Sir Heneage Fetherstone (one of the baronets 
 created by Charles II, on his restoration, and then described as " Heneage 
 Fetherstone, of Blakeware, Herts,") appears to have become a parishioner of 
 St. Giles's soon after his attaining that dignity. He was a member of vestry 
 for the long period of forty-three years, namely, from I669 to I712, in which 
 latter year he died. Sir Henry Fetherstone, his successor, was a vestryman 
 also, being elected I717, and remaining so till I731, when he vacated his 
 
 place 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.- EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 381 
 
 place on account of the separation of the parishes ; and was one of the mem- 
 bers of the first vestry of St. George Bloomsbury. Fetherstone buildings, 
 Holborn, was part of the estates of this family. 
 
 Sir Thomas Byde was a fellow magistrate with sir Clement Armiger. He Sir Thomas 
 was admitted of the vestry in 1674, and continued a member of it until 1693, ^ ^' 
 when he removed into another parish. A vestry minute of 1680, orders that 
 " Sir Thomas Byde do pay £.5 for his pew in the gallery, at the rate of £.5 
 a year; out of which to be allowed £.5 for his pew in the body of the church, 
 by the said sir Thomas formerly paid." From the frequent mention of him in 
 the books, he appears to have taken a leading part in parish affairs. 
 
 Sir Thomas Geert. — Sir Thomas Geery was chosen a member of vestry. Sir Thomas 
 Nov. 6, 1682, and continued such until his decease, in 1689. He first signs ^'"^^* 
 the parish accounts as one of the county magistrates, in I678. He is styled, 
 " sir Thomas Geery, bart." in the list of vestry in 1682, but we do not find 
 his name in the baronetages, and he was probably, therefore, only a knight. 
 
 Sir Cane James, was created a baronet 34 Car. II, (1682,) being described Sir Cane 
 in the patent as " Cane James, esq. of Crishull, in the county of Essex." He ^™^*' 
 was elected a vestryman, Jan. 26, I686. On the 3d of March, in the same 
 year, he was nominated one of a committee appointed to view and enlarge the 
 highway near the church, and for treating with Mr. Wiseman about removing 
 the round house, and other old buildings, which stood at the west end of the 
 church, for more convenient accommodation of the gentry who came to 
 church C). Sir Cane James only continued a vestryman until 1692, when he 
 removed out of the parish. 
 
 Sir Thomas Kinsey. — This gentleman was elected a vestryman in I676. In Sir Thomas 
 1673 he is credited for a fine of £. 21. 105. to be excused from all parish '^'"'^^'' 
 ofiices, and is then styled " Mr. Thomas Kinsey, vintner." In 1686 he appears 
 to have obtained the honour of knighthood, being then, and afterwards, named 
 " sir Thomas Kinsey." Anno I69I. it is ordered by vestry, that in consider- 
 ation of £.1. \s. 6d. paid by sir Thomas Kinsey to the churchwardens, for 
 the poor, he should have the free use of half the pew wherein he sate, without 
 paying any further yearly rent for the same. In 1693, he had removed 
 out of the parish, when the earl of Thanet was chosen vestryman in his 
 stead. 
 
 Sir 
 
 (*') It is not improbable but some remains of the antient hospital might be removed 
 on this occasion. 
 
382 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Sir Thomas 
 Rol)inson. 
 
 Sir Gervase 
 Elwys. 
 
 Sir John 
 Brownlow. 
 
 Sir Richard 
 Stiddolph. 
 
 Humphrey 
 Weld, esq. 
 
 - Sir Thomas Robinson, one of the county magistrates, and a vestryman alsa 
 of this parish, was created a baronet 33 Car. II, (1681,) being then described 
 as " Thomas Robinson, of Kentwell hall, in the county of Suffolk, esq." He 
 appears to have been a magistrate several years, and active in the parish con- 
 cerns, as an entry occurs among the items of expenditure in the church- 
 wardens accounts for 1656, of " 3*. paid for coach-hire for justice Robin- 
 son, and justice Pepys, they having sate late in the vestry about parish 
 business." 
 
 Sir Gervase Elwys, like the above, was for several years one of the county 
 magistrates. He was chosen vestryman previously to his advancement to the 
 baronetage, being then styled Gervase Elwys, esq. He was created a baronet 
 12 Car. II, by the description of " Gervase Elwes, of Stoke juxta Clare, com. 
 Suffolk." He was descended from sir Gervase Elwys, lieutenant of the Tower 
 in the reign of James I. 
 
 Sir John Bkownlow, was a parishioner during part of the reign of 
 Charles II, and has been mentioned in speaking of Brownlow-street. He was 
 created a baronet 17 Car. I, by the description of " John Brownlow, of 
 Belton, prope Grantham, com. Line', esq." which title was extinct in I7O8. 
 His daughter, Jane Brownlow, married Peregrine Bertie, second duke of 
 Ancaster (a parishioner). — See Brownlow House. 
 
 Sir Richard Stiddolph. — He was the proprietor of the estate on the south 
 side of the church, where New Compton-street, &c. now stands, which was at 
 first called from him " Stydulph-street." The particulars of his grant of land 
 there to enlarge the churchyard, in I667, has been mentioned under its 
 proper head. This estate, with great part of the Marshland, or Seven Dials, 
 sir Richard enjoyed by a lease from the crown ; and probably resided himself 
 on the spot. Much of it was afterwards called Brown's Gardens. The Styd- 
 dolph family appear to have been parishioners long previously to sir Richard's 
 purchase, his ancestor, WiUiam Stidolfe, being one of those who contributed to 
 the rebuilding of the church in 1623. Lady Stiddolph occupied a pew in the 
 church in 1684('*). 
 
 Humphrey Weld, esq. {see " "Weld House,") was chosen a vestryman 
 Dec. 13, 1669. He appears to have become an inhabitant of the parish about 
 
 the 
 
 (*•) Sir Richard was created a baronet at Richard Stiddolph, of Norbury, com. Surry, 
 the Restoration (x66o,) by the description of —The title was extinct before 170S. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 383 
 
 the year 1648, when he purchased his house and premises from sir Edward 
 Stradling. 
 
 Dudley Short, esq.—" Short's Gardens," Drury-lane, received name from Dudley 
 this gentleman, who resided on their site, and was a contemporary pa- ^'^'^^l- 
 rishioner and vestryman with Mr. Weld. — A further account of him will be 
 found under the head " Short's Gardens." 
 
 William Shelton, esq. founder and endower of the free school which bears his William 
 name, was a vestryman, and served the office of overseer in 1689. He was Shelton, esq. 
 owner of a piece of ground, on which the parish, during the plague of 1665, 
 erected a pest-house. He died in the year 1673. 
 
 Messrs. Benbrig and Buckridge, two gentlemen of the vestry, who gave Messrs, 
 names to streets built on the sites of their estates, viz. Bainbridge and Buck- 3„"J^j|j ^""^ 
 ridge streets. Mr. Bainbridge, (or Benbrig, as he is called in the vestry 
 minutes,) has been before mentioned as the donor of £. 300 towards building 
 a gallery in the church. He was chosen a vestryman in 1669. Of Mr. Buck- 
 ridge we find no particulars, farther than his being a parishioner and 
 vestryman. 
 
 Messrs. Whetstone, Dyot, and Pargiter. — These parishioners gave name to Messrs. 
 different places in the parish, viz. William Whetstone, to Whetstone-park, on ]y^^j*'^°"j' 
 the north side of Lincoln's-inn-fields. He was overseer in 165.5, and was Pargiter. 
 buried in St. Giles's churchyard. Richard Dyot, esq. (as has been already 
 noticed) resided in, and gave name to the well known Dyot-street. He was 
 chosen a vestryman in 1699. Mr. Pargiter was a nearly contemporary pa- 
 rishioner, and gave name to Pargiter' s rents, running out of Whetstone-park 
 into Holborn. 
 
 Vestrymen, 8^x. continued. * 
 
 [There are few particulars of interest in the short notices we have been 
 able to collect of the following vestrymen, further than the length of time 
 some of them were in office.^ 
 
 Joh?t Cannon was, for upwards of forty years, a member of, and constant johnCannon. 
 attendent, at the vestry. He is noticed in the books, as a parishioner, as early 
 as the year 1665, by an entry which mentions him to have paid 10*. as the 
 rent of a pew for himself and wife, in the south aisle of the church. In I672, 
 he fined for overseer, and was on the 20th of April, in the same year, chosen 
 vestryman. He died in 1712-13, at a very advanced age. 
 
 James 
 
384 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 James 
 Parthericke. 
 
 William 
 Wooden. 
 
 Ralph 
 Bucknall. 
 
 John 
 Merydale. 
 
 Nathaniel 
 Stratton. 
 
 James Parthericke, a still older vestryman than John Cannon, having con- 
 tinued such from his admission in 1666, till his death in 1717> a period of more 
 than half a century. He was overseer in 1664, and churchwarden in I67O. 
 The continual occurrence of his name in the books, on all occasions of parish 
 business, through that long period, and his regular attendance, speak him to 
 have been an actively useful parishioner. His son, Joseph Parthericke, was 
 chosen a vestryman in 1699. 
 
 William Wooden, the donor to the poor of the rent-charge issuing from the 
 Hampshire Hog, was churchwarden in the plague year, 1665. He was elect- 
 ed a vestryman in I672, but only continued such until I675, when he vacated, 
 probably from age, or an idea of his approaching death, as he obtained an 
 order, that year, to erect a grave-stone for himself in the churchyard, similar 
 to Captain Hooper's, though his will is dated two years later. He had been 
 a parishioner some years, having served as overseer in 1653; and might have 
 been the son of an Edward Wooden, who lived in 1623, in Painter-alley, and 
 is set down as a subscriber towards rebuilding the church. 
 
 Ralph Bucknall, an eminent parishioner, and for several years one of the 
 county magistrates, was chosen of the vestry in 1675, and took the lead in 
 almost all the parish business of consequence from that period, until his death, 
 which happened in I7IO. He first signs the parish books, as a justice of the 
 peace, in 1692, but he probably acted as a magistrate much earlier. Mr. 
 Bucknall was by trade a brewer, and had his house and premises near those of 
 Dudley Short, esq. 
 
 John Merydale. — The residence of Mr. Merydale adjoined the churchyard, 
 as appears by a vestry order of 1684, allowing him " to rebuild, his tenement 
 adjoining the churchyard ; -and to enlarge the same in a straight line, so far 
 as the rails did stand ; and to make use of the churchyard wall adjoining, as a 
 party wall to said tenement ; and to make convenient lights, &c. upon paying 
 £.5." He was churchwarden in I687, and died 1695. 
 
 A Timothy Meryday {query, Merydale ?) is mentioned in the assessment of 
 1623, as living on the south side of the church, and might be his father. 
 
 Nathanel Stratton, churchwarden in I675, with Henry Hapgood, and a 
 member of vestry for many years. He was probably descended from Henry 
 Stratton, to whom the estate called " Noselings " was conveyed, by Mr. John 
 Lambe in 1654, and which, in a subsequent conveyance, is termed " Bowl-yard 
 and Great Garden." Mr. Stratton died in 1693. 
 
 Giles 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— VESTRYMEN, &c. 385 
 
 Giles Riddle, overseer in I687, churchwarden in 1693, and for several years Giles Riddle. 
 an eminent member of vestry. Possibly Mr. Riddle might be a builder, as 
 a vestry ojder in I69S, directs that " Mr. Giles Riddle, the p'sent church- 
 warden, do make a penthouse over the gate leading out of the churchyard, 
 towards Brown's gardens. 
 
 Mr. John Bayley, overseer in I676, chosen vestrymen I68O, and church- JohnBayley. 
 warden in 1685. Mr. Bayley was employed for several years on various works, 
 as parish carpenter. He was dead in 1697' Anthony Bayley, that gave 
 Turnstile tavern to the parish, might be related to him. 
 
 Robert Hulcup, esq. — This gentleman appears to have been a parishioner of Robert 
 much respectability, and besides his personal services, as one of the directors "'^"PjS*'!- 
 of the parish concerns, was also a considerable benefactor to the poor at his 
 decease. He was chosen a vestryman I667, and continued such until 1682. 
 He served churchwarden in I67I, having previously filled the offices of over- 
 seer, &c. and was on most committees for the conducting of parochial business. 
 His legacy (which amounted to ^^.80,) was, after some trouble, recovered for 
 the use of the poor, in I686. 
 
 Thomas Done, esq. — Mr. Done was chosen a member of vestry, Nov. 6, Thomas 
 1682, along with sir Clement Armiger and sir Thomas Geery. In the same *'"^' ^^^' 
 year he was appointed one of a committee (of which was Dean Sharpe, Ralph 
 Bucknall, Edward Guise, and others,) to treat with Dr. Tennison, rector of 
 St. Martin's, respecting the boundary stone between that and St. Giles's parish. 
 May 6, 1682, it was ordered by vestry, that "Thomas Done, esq. and his lady, 
 should be seated in the pew in the north gallery, with the lady Stiddolph." 
 And in 1684, that the same lady and gentleman should be seated in the pew, 
 late the earl of Nottingham's, and to admit Sir Edward Deering to sit with him, 
 &c. In 1686, he is styled " Mr. auditor Done." He appears to have been 
 an active and useful member of vestry, and of the first respectability. 
 
 Edward Guise, esq. named above, was a contemporary vestryman, but of Edward 
 whom we have been able to glean no particulars, further than that he was one simon Parry 
 of the county magistrates. — Simon Parry, esq. (a brother magistrate) was of 
 the vestry at this time, and seems to have been on most committees. He is 
 styled in I686, " major Parry." — Another vestryman of eminence, of whom 
 our information is equally scanty, is a " sir Charles Lee," admitted in I68I, SirCharles 
 and whom we merely mention, with the above, to shew the respectability of the ^^^' ''"'S^t. 
 vestry of this time. 
 
 3 D Robert 
 
386 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH} 
 
 Robert 
 Bessie. 
 
 Robert Bessie, distinguished in the annals of this parish by many years 
 residence, and serving a variety of offices, appears to have been the son of 
 Thomas and Elizabeth Bessie, who, in 1623 lived in Drury-lane, and contri- 
 buted 20*. towards rebuilding the church. This son, Robert, and a daughter, 
 Mary, are mentioned in the assessment, as being then inmates of their parents. 
 Robert Bessie was chosen of the vestry in 1666, and died some few years 
 afterwards. 
 
 Tradesmen's 
 tokens. 
 
 William 
 Wtitcombe. 
 
 Henry 
 Powell. 
 
 [Of the following tradesmen, some were vestrymen, and some not. Their 
 names, except in two or three instances, are only preserved on their 
 tokens, a series of which may be seen in the annexed plate. They are 
 all but one (No. 4.) of a metal resembling brass, and, for the most part, 
 very thin, and light in weight.] 
 
 No. 1. — Inscription, " W. K. Whitcombe, brewer, in Parker' s-lane, 1659." 
 Reverse, the initials W. W. surrounded by four circles, or rings. 
 
 William Whitcombe. — Mr. Whitcombe, called in some places in the parish 
 books, " captain William Whitcombe," was the proprietor of a considerable 
 brewery which stood on the south side of Parker's-lane, on the spot afterwards 
 called Whitcombe-alley. The ground for erecting Shelton's school, purchased 
 in l66l, and which is stated to have been 105 feet wide next the street, and 
 50 feet deep, and to have been then in the occupation of the Dutch ambassador, 
 and others, must have nearly adjoined it. After serving some of the minor 
 parish offices, captain Whitcombe was, in 1665, (the plague year,) chosen 
 churchwarden. He was afterwards elected a vestryman, and seems, in that 
 situation, to have been selected to negotiate all such parish business as required 
 a person of trust and talents, and, in consequence, is often mentioned in the 
 "minutes." He was dead in 1686, as, in that year, a bond, which he had 
 given to the parish, as security for Mr. Hulcup's and Carter's legacies, (and 
 which legacies had been lent to him on interest,) are ordered to be delivered 
 up to his executor, Mr. Longland, churchwarden, on Mr. Longland's exone- 
 rating the parish from a debt it owed to him. 
 
 No. 2. — Inscription, " Henry Powell, in Saint Giles Feildes, cheesemonger." 
 Date 1662. 
 
 We find nothing of this parishioner beyond the information here given on 
 his token. 
 
 No. 3. 
 

 
 "^■^ 
 
 
 
 J^uke Mansard. &: SoiisJi'mters. 
 
• • • 
 
 • •< • 
 
 • * • 
 
 • * 
 
 
 • • • 
 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— TRADESMEN, &c. 387 
 
 No. 3. — Inscription, " Robert Derds, mealman in St. Giles, His Halfepeny, 
 1666." Reverse, the initials R. D. I. 
 
 Robert Derds. — Robert Derds, or Deard, as he signs his name in the vestry Robert 
 books, is first mentioned in I676, as overseer, and was the next year, elected 
 a member of the vestry. We find no notice when he died, or any other par- 
 ticulars of him. 
 
 No. 4. — ("Copper token,) Inscription, " William Smith in Lvmber Streete, His WiUiani 
 
 ^ ' "^ Smith. 
 
 Halfpenny I666." Reverse, the royal oak. 
 
 The royal oak, with three crowns in it, (an emblem of Charles's restoration 
 to his three kingdoms), was a fashionable loyal sign at this time. Lumber- 
 street, in some old plans called Lombard-street, was the present Lumber-court, 
 Seven Dials. It is not intimated however, whether Mr. Smith was a dealer in 
 fish, a commodity for the sale of which, that court has since become so noted. 
 
 No. 5. — Inscription, " Robert Starkey in St. Giles y' Feilds. His Half Robert 
 Penny." Initials R. S. A. Reverse, a spotted dog. Starkey. 
 
 There are no particulars of this tradesman. 
 
 No. 6. — Inscription, " W. R. D. at the Mearmayd in St. Giles y* Feilds, 
 against y' Colyard." Reverse " His ^," with the figure of a mermaid holding 
 a glass, &c. 
 
 No. 7- — Inscription, " John Bavet in Hog Lane." Initials " J. R. A." 
 Reverse, a dog leading a horse to water. 
 
 This singular sign would countenance a conjecture, that John Bavet's pro- john Bavet. 
 fession might be that of the keeper of an inn or livery stables ; which the 
 situation would well have suited, it being then a mere country lane. 
 
 No. 8. — Inscription, " Thomas Greene in St. Giles y' Feildes, 57." Initials Thomas 
 " T. G. M." Reverse, a bear chained. 
 
 No. 9. — Inscription, " Philip Wetherell, in S. Giles in Fieldes." Initials, Philip 
 " P. W. I." Reverse, three lions passant gardant. ^ 
 
 Mr. Wetherell was headborough in 1646, and was chosen overseer in 1653. 
 He does not appear to have been of the vestry. 
 
 No. 10.— Inscription, " L S. M. y' Swan & Whithart, S' Gieles y' Fielde." 
 Reverse, a swan. 
 
 The inscription on this token expresses the proprietor's sign to have been the 
 Swan and Whitehart, yet it has only the figure of a swan on it. No trade or 
 particular spot of residence is mentioned, nor is any name given. As the 
 identifying of this coin is left to conjecture, might it not be probable that the 
 
 3 D 2 two 
 
388 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Thomas 
 Chapman. 
 
 Andrew 
 Pashley. 
 
 Edward 
 Smith. 
 
 Elizevs 
 Southern. 
 
 two antient inns in the main street, the Swan on the Hop, and the White 
 Hart, might be here intended, whose businesses as well as signs, were then 
 united under one owner. — See account of those two inns. 
 
 No. 11. — Inscription, " E. B. at the Black Boy in Gileses in the Feilds." 
 Reverse, a naked black boy, with a roll of tobacco under his arm, and hold- 
 ing a spring of tobacco in his hand. 
 
 This was, there is little doubt, the token of a tobacconist, but we are left 
 without the means of ascertaining either his name or residence. 
 
 No. 12.— Inscription, " H. I. The Talow Chandler in S' Giles Fieldes." 
 Reverse, a man dipping candles. 
 
 No. 13. — Inscription, " Thomas Chapman, in Bloomesbury, 1664, His 
 Half Peny." Reverse, a crown. 
 
 No. 14. — Inscription, " Andrew Pashley, at the Bull and Movth in Bloom- 
 erbvry. His Half Penny." Reverse, a bull and mouth. 
 
 This sign is represented exactly as it is at the present Bull and Mouth inn, 
 situated in the street of that name leading from Aldersgate-street. Pennant 
 tells us this sign originates from a ludicrous corruption of the name of 
 " Boulogne Mouth," or harbour, popular in the time of Henry VIII, from 
 that monarch's expedition against it. This Andrew Pashley might be related 
 to a James Pashley, who was overseer in 1684. 
 
 No. 15. — Inscription, " Edward Smith, in Bloomesbvry Market." Initials, 
 " E. S. S." Reverse, a horned animal, but of what species is doubtful from 
 the imperfect way it is represented. 
 
 No. 16. — Inscription, " Elizevs Southern, I667, in Bloomesbvry Market, 
 His Halfe Penny." Reverse, the initials, " E. S. S." 
 
 Of all these latter tradesmen we find no information beyond what is contained 
 on their coins. 
 
 Duke of 
 Newcastle. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle succeeded the marquis of Powis, as a parishioner and 
 the occupier of Powis House, (which thence came to be called Newcastle 
 house). The character and eccentricities of this nobleman are well known, 
 and are admirably portrayed by Smollet, and other writers of his day. He 
 was the maternal nephew of John Holies, duke of Newcastle, who by his 
 marriage with Margaret Cavendish, third daughter and coheir of Henry duke 
 of Newcastle, became one of the richest subjects in Britain. It was generally 
 supposed that his only child, Henrietta, would have inherited his vast pro- 
 perty, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 389 
 
 perty, but his grace adopted his nephew, Thomas Pelham, to whom he signed 
 a deed of gift, and confirmed it by his will. This fortunate person, however, 
 having no child, the ducal honour of Newcastle upon Tyne, which George I 
 had renewed in his favor, being to expire at his death, he obtained the title of 
 duke of Newcastle under Lyne, with remainder to his nephew, Henry Clinton, 
 earl of Lincoln, whose descendants still bear the title. 
 
 Of his grace's public life there are abundance of accounts. He filled the 
 most important ofiices in the cabinet and the palace, from the accession of the 
 house of Brunswick almost to his death, among which for several years was 
 that of prime minister of state ; and is supposed at one time or other, during 
 the long course of his political life, to have been possessed of almost every 
 place of honour or profit that his sovereign could bestow. Of his connection 
 with this parish, we find only one memorandum in the books. It is a vestry 
 minute, anno 1717> ordering, — " that thanks be returned to his grace, the 
 duke of Newcastle, and to the lord chancellor, for the extraordinary pains 
 they had taken in parliament, in getting St. Giles's church to be one of the 
 fifty new churches." This favor, it has been before observed, was obtained 
 for the parish principally through the duke's influence and exertions. He died 
 November 1764, at the age of 64. 
 
 Duke of Ancaster. — Lindsey house, Lincoln's-inn-fields, (afterwards An- Duke of 
 caster house,) of which an account has been given among the distinguished 
 buildings in this parish, continued to be inhabited by the ducal family of 
 Ancaster, as late as the year 1770- The second duke. Peregrine Bertie, was 
 the contemporary, as well as near neighbour of the duke of Newcastle above 
 named, and died 1742. He married Jane, one of the four daughters and 
 coheirs of sir John Brownlow, of this parish ; from which circumstance, his 
 third son, (afterwards the fifth duke of Ancaster,) was named " Brownlow 
 Bertie." 
 
 Sir Godfrey Kneller resided in Great Queen-street, during the greater Sir Godfrey 
 part of the reign of William and Mary ('^). This distinguished artist, of whom, 
 as well known to the public, a slight mention will suffice, for a long time flou- 
 rished with unrivalled fame. Eight monarchs are said to have condescended 
 
 to 
 
 (*') He is thus noticed in the rate book annum. Rent, double received to single for 
 of 1717 ;" Drury-lane division, sir Godfrey the last half year." 
 Knelier, knight, to be charged 100/. per 
 
^ ST. GILES'S PARISH J 
 
 to sit to him for their portraits, and the beauties of his day still survive in his 
 colours. Few men (in any line, but particularly in his own) have exceeded 
 him in the distinction he received, as he was knighted, created a baronet, and 
 a knight of the Roman empire. He was received with the utmost honour in 
 our palaces, and the university of Oxford conferred on him the degree of 
 doctor of laws ; at his own seat he acted as a magistrate ; had he remained 
 £tt Lubeck (even if he had inherited his grandfather's estate at Hall, and 
 his office of surveyor general of the mines,) he would probably never have 
 obtained the eminence he possessed in England. He died possessed of great 
 health, Octobers?, 1723. 
 
 Dr.Radcliffe, Dr. Radcliffe was the next door neighbour of sir Godfrey ('*) ; a curious 
 anecdote connected with which, is told, as follows : — Kneller allowed the doctor 
 a door into his garden, but discovering that the latter's servants had stolen 
 many beautiful flowers from him, he, exasperated, sent him the following mes- 
 sage : — " I will shut up the door to prevent the doctor's going into it ;" to 
 which Dr. Radcliffe replied, " I care not what you do, so you do not paint the 
 door ;" and Kneller rejoined, " Doctor, I can take any thing from you but 
 physic" This celebrated character was a native of Yorkshire, and practiced 
 early in life at Oxford ; but circumstances rendering his situation there un- 
 pleasant, he settled in London, where he became equally celebrated for his 
 wit and his prescriptions ; the former blazed forth with native frankness, without 
 respect to place or persons : he told king William, " I would not have your 
 two legs for your three kingdoms ;" and queen Anne, by a messenger who had 
 been sent to him, " Her majesty was as well as any woman in England, if she 
 would think so." — He died November 1714, and was buried with the utmost 
 magnificence at Oxford, where he had previously erected to his memory that 
 noblest of monuments, the " Radcliffe library." Dr. Radcliffe's portrait, by 
 Kneller, was in the possession of his friend. Dr. Mead. 
 
 Sir Hans SiR Hans Sloane. — Sir Hans Sloane, one of the greatest ornaments of the 
 
 age in which he lived, honoured this parish by residing in it several years ; and 
 on the separation of St. George, Bloomsbury, was one of the members of its 
 
 first 
 
 (") Dr- Mead was another eminent inha- sites of the gardens and houses of these 
 
 bitant, in the medical line, of this parish, threegreat men had been part of the grounds 
 
 and resided also in Great Queen-street, near, of Weld house, before described, 
 or a little subsequent to this period. The 
 
 Sloane. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 
 
 391 
 
 first vestry, along with other distinguished persons, mentioned in the account 
 of that parish. 
 
 This eminent physician and philosopher is too well known to require more 
 than a mention of him in this place. 
 
 His collections, bequeathed to, and which justly entitle him to the honour of 
 being the founder of the British Museum ; and his various gifts for the advance- 
 ment of natural history, to the Royal Society, the Apothecaries Company, the 
 Physic Garden at Chelsea, rank him amongst the best benefactors of mankind. 
 He died at the advanced age of 90, January 1, 1750. 
 
 Sir John Cope was the son of sir John Cope, who died 1721 ; and was the 
 sixth baronet in descent from sir Anthony Cope, who was advanced to that 
 honour by James I. He married Alice, daughter of sir Humphrey Monnoux, 
 of Wootton, Bedfordshire, by whom he left a son (sir Monnoux) who suc- 
 ceeded him, and died 1749. His family has been already noticed. 
 
 The following gentlemen were also members of the same vestry, of whom 
 we know only the names, viz. sir James Hallet, sir William Humphreys, sir 
 Conrade Springe], and Mr. serjeant Baynes. The next are mentioned in the 
 rate book, anno 1717> as then parishioners of St. Giles : — 
 
 Ladies Lemon and Pullaston. — All the information we have respecting 
 these two ladies, is, that they were parishioners in 1717> and resided, the former 
 in the second part of the old town division, and the latter in the Drury-lane 
 division. Lady Lemon is said, in the rate book, to have rented a house of 
 efe'. 60 a year. And lady Pullaston is charged " £. 200 personal estate," 
 
 Madaini Elizabeth Herbert. — This lady was probably of the family of 
 lord Herbert of Chirbury, different branches of which inhabited the parish for 
 nearly a century. She is charged £. 300 personal estate, and described as 
 residing in Great Queen-street (possibly in Chirbury house). Nathaniel Her- 
 bert, named as overseer in 1695, might be a relation. 
 
 Madam Gamlin. — " Madam Martha Garalin," is rated at £. 70 per annum 
 for her house, situate in the Drury-lane division. We have no further parti- 
 culars of this lady. 
 
 Madam Nichols. — The portrait of this lady, holding out her left hand to 
 a parrot on a tree, is engraved in mezzotinto by Faithorne, jun. The print is 
 mentioned by lord Orford, in his catalogue of engravers, who says, " This 
 " madam Nichols is, I believe, the same with Mrs. Plowden." Mr. Noble 
 (Supplement to Granger) assigns some reasons for believing these to have been 
 
 different 
 
 Sir John 
 Cope. 
 
 First vestry- 
 men of 
 Bloomsbury. 
 
 Ladies 
 Lemon and 
 Pullaston. 
 
 Madam 
 Herbert. 
 
 Madam 
 Gamlin. 
 
 Madam 
 Iv'ichols. 
 
S92 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Madam 
 Goodfellow. 
 
 Sir Richard 
 Steele. 
 
 Sir Roger 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 Sir Nathan 
 Wright. 
 
 William 
 Hucks. 
 
 different persons, though he acknowledges the extreme resemblance of the two 
 portraits. 
 
 Madam Goodfellow. — The family of Goodfellow (from whom this lady 
 might have been a descendant) seems to have been resident in this parish as 
 early as 1623, the name of Mr. Goodfellow being among the subscribers at that 
 period toward rebuilding the church. She is described as living in the Drury- 
 lane division, and is charged £.300 personal estate. 
 
 Sir Richard Steele. — Sir Richard Steele's residence in Lincoln's-inn- 
 fields, from which circumstance this parish claims him as an inhabitant, pro- 
 bably took place in consequence of his connection with the adjoining Portugal- 
 street theatre, of which he was for some time a part proprietor, and 
 manager (^'). — Accounts of him are to be found in various biographical 
 works. 
 
 Sir Roger L'Estrange. — The only evidence we have of this well known 
 literary character's being a parishioner is, an entry in the books of a gift from 
 him, in I67G, of £.5 to the poor, and also the circumstance of his being buried 
 in the church, where, he had, says the New View of London (I7O8,) " a very 
 neat polished white marble monument, adorned with cartouches, leaves, fruit," 
 &c. — See Account of the Church. 
 
 Sir Nathan Wright. — Sir Nathan Wright succeeded lord Somers as lord 
 keeper, and resided during the period he held the seals, viz. until 1705, in 
 Newcastle house, Lincoln's-inn-fields, being the interval between its abandon- 
 ment by the marquis of Powis, and its occupation by the dukes of Newcastle. 
 A clergyman's son ; he was bred to the bar ; April 1692, he received the coif; 
 and December 30, was made king's serjeant. Lord Somers, one of the 
 greatest characters that the age produced, resigning the seals, they literally 
 " went a begging." Wright was knighted, and they were placed in his hands, 
 and he presided in Chancery until 1705, when he is said to have been fairly 
 hooted out of it, and Cooper, a luminary succeeded him. Sir Nathan died at 
 Cancot hall, in Warwickshire, August 4, I721. His lady died at Powis house, 
 in Lincoln's-inn-fields, Oct. 21,- 1705. 
 
 William Hucks. — William Hucks, esq. was an opulent brewer of this 
 parish, and a character well known to the public of his day. He was many 
 
 years 
 
 (* ) Vide Colley Gibber's Apology, who given in that work many particulars of his 
 was a co-proprietor with him, and who has character and conduct whilst patentee. 
 
.• : •. : 
 
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 • ••'.•. 
 
 gf^^^^'^WWP'P^f'^ 
 
 ■ '''-'■">,o„.„ucm«i^'^' Autographs 
 
 cccAem 
 
 ''^u. 
 
 cW^^ 
 
 fcms. 
 
 QH^ccS^t^ 
 
 
 ST GILES'S Parish. \ 
 
 'CC/mo'. 
 
 Vestrymen 
 
 F- cLlnr«fc;;:i) ^^jr^^xf 
 
 Jleciors 
 
 mll'4^ 2t^rA:^:^s. 
 
 
 
 woccl Jv^chor 
 
 
 5^ 
 
 i^ 
 
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 I 
 
 
 %en/^% 
 
 •er's Quto 
 
 
 f^^^-^n^ 
 
 tar^ 
 
 
 WHej-berf'M 
 
 3 Howktt ^c 
 
 Xvie Ransard &: SoTts-Frmters. 
 Sre^ JvmsUle Meihom. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL.— EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 393 
 
 years a member of parliament, and also brewer to the royal household. It is 
 -said to have been him who was taken notice of, when mounted on a beautiful 
 hunter, by Lewis XV, and accompanying that monarch in the chace. The 
 king inquired who it was so excellently horsed ? a witty nobleman replied, 
 " un chevaHer de malt ;" thus punning upon the French pronunciation of 
 Malta, and malt, used in brewing. We find Mr. Hucks's name in the parish 
 books, as filling a variety of offices. In 1689, he was overseer with Mr. George 
 Cope; and in 1699, he fined for surveyor. He was chosen vestryman, 
 21 Jan. 1708, and continued so until the separation of the parishes in 1731. 
 His eminence as a parishioner, occasioned him to take an active part in most 
 of the parish business of his time. In 1724, he was receiver of the subscrip- 
 tions for building the workhouse ; and it was afterwards " referred to William 
 " Hucks, esq. to settle about Mr. Allen, the solicitor's bill, concerning the 
 new building of St. Giles's church, as he should think fit and reasonable." 
 
 Mr. Hucks gave the statue of George I, on the top of Bloomsbury church 
 steeple. He died Nov. 4, 1740, and was succeeded by his son, Robert Hucks. 
 He had a brother, also a brewer, and a partner with the rich miser. Smith 
 Meggot, esq. son of colonel Meggot. Mr. Meggot, who took the surname 
 of Elwys (and to whom the late John Elwys, esq. was related,) was the 
 heir of Mr. Smith's wealth and avarice. Joseph and Benjamin Hucks, of this 
 family, but we know not the precise degree of relationship, were also vestry- 
 men of St. Giles's, the one in 1715, the other in 1720. 
 
 We find the names of sir Francis Child, and Richard Snow, esq. {query, if Francis 
 the bankers, or related to them ?) in the list of vestrymen near this period j ' ' 
 
 as also those of chief justice Eyre, lords chancellors King, Talbot, Yorke, 
 Camden, and Northington ; lords Leicester and Malton ; and later, those of 
 the following judges, viz. sir Robert Burnet, Vaughan, Gould, and the cele- 
 brated author of the " Commentaries," judge Blackstone, of whom a bare 
 mention here will suffice. 
 
 Rectors, Curates, ^c. 
 
 The patronage of the parish church of St. Giles, was in the hospital before 
 its dissolution ; and it appears to have presented to the rectory until the grant 
 to lord Lisle, who afterwards conveyed it, with the hospital site, to Wymond 
 Carew, as has been shewn. The hospital records do not affi)rd any instances Early 
 of presentation, from which the names of the early incumbents can be gathered, ''®'^*°''*' '^' 
 if we except two or three persons accidentally mentioned as parties or witnesses 
 
 iiE to 
 
so-t 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Sir William 
 Rowlandson, 
 
 Geoffery 
 Evans. 
 
 William 
 Steward. 
 
 to the antient grants, and of which we have taken notice in speaking of the 
 hospital chaplains. The parish priests, between the Dissolution, and the first 
 rector, mentioned by Newcourt, (if there were more than one in that interval,) 
 are equally unknown to us ; unless, which is not improbable, the person named 
 Thomas Magnus, clerk, (mentioned in lord Lisle's licence to convey, as occupy- 
 ing the Pitaunce Croft,) was the intermediate rector. The subsequent rectors, 
 as furnished in the " Repertorium," and by the parish records, were as 
 follow : — 
 
 Sir William Rowlandson, Clerk, 
 20 April 1547. 
 . Newcourt informs us, this is the first person whom he could find instituted 
 to this church as parochial, and a rectory, which was on the 20th April 1547, 
 (1 Edw. VI,) at the presentation of sirWymond Carew, as true and undoubted 
 patron thereof; and not being able to find any earlier institution, he concludes, 
 that the church belonging to the hospital, must have been the place to which 
 the inhabitants of the parish " did in those days resort to perform their religious 
 worship. ('°) 
 
 In the declaration of the commissioners, for ascertaining the value of col- 
 leges, free chapels, brotherhoods, &c. made 1 Edw. VI, (and partly quoted in 
 p. 99,) this sir William Rowlandson, and his rectory, are thus mentioned :-— 
 
 " St. Giles in y' Felde, memor*. — 
 
 " Ther is of howseling people w'tin the said p'isshe, the nomber of cccv. 
 
 " Sir Willi'm Rowlandson is p'son, and his p'sonage is worthe by yere viij". 
 who sarveithe the cure hymselfe." 
 
 Geoffery Evans, Clerk, 
 8 Nov. 1571, per mort' Rowlandson. 
 On the death of Rowlandson, Geoffery Evans, clerk, was instituted as his 
 successor, 8th Nov. 1571, at the presentation of queen Elizabeth, as true and 
 undoubted patroness ; since which time, the advowson of this rectory hath 
 continued down, all along in the crown, to the present day. Evans held the 
 living only eight years, viz. until 1579, when he resigned. 
 
 William Steward, Clerk, 
 3d August 1579, per resig. of Evans. 
 
 (^°) See as to this, account of the hospital church, pp. 53 & 54. 
 
RECTORS, CURATES, &c. 895 
 
 Nathaniel Baxter, S. T. P. 
 
 19 Aug. 1590, per mort' Steward. 
 
 His name was also spelt " Backster." He had previously held the livings Nathaniel 
 of Redburn, in Hertfordshire ; and of St. Margaret Lothbury, London. He 
 resigned in little more than a twelvemonth. 
 
 Baxter. 
 
 Thomas Salisbury, Clerk, 
 24 Dec. 1591, per resig. Baxter. 
 
 Thomas 
 
 He resigned after a possession of less than nine months. Salisbury. 
 
 Joseph Clerke, A. M. 
 l6th Sept. 1592, per resig. Salisbury. 
 
 It seems uncertain how long this clergyman held the living ; Newcourt says, Joseph 
 he resigned in favour of Roger Manwayring, but in what year he cannot tell. ^ ^^^^' 
 In referring to another part of the same author's work, (the Repertorium 
 Parochiale,) we find Clerke to have held the living of St. Mary Mounthaw, 
 London, from 1594, until 1603 ; and the rectory of St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, 
 until the year 1604, when his successor in that rectory is stated to have been 
 instituted therein, on his death. Now, according to Anthony Wood, (i\thena3 
 Oxoniensis,) Manwayring was, in 1604, only entered a student at Oxford, con- 
 sequently there must be here an error in dates, or there must have been some 
 intermediate rector, whose name has been omitted in Newcourt's list. 
 
 Roger Manwayring, D. D. 
 
 Or Maynwaringe, as he spells his own name in the parish books, was rector Roger 
 during the building of the second church ; to the expence of which he liberally ^'^"'^^y: 
 contributed, both by his purse and preaching, as has been noticed in speaking 
 of that fabric. He was a native of Strotton, in Shropshire, and received his 
 education at Oxford ; he was afterwards appointed chaplain in ordinary to the 
 king, and rector of St. Giles. The most remarkable circumstance which dis- 
 tinguished his incumbency, was a prosecution commenced against him by 
 parliament, for preaching and publishing two sermons, called " Religion and 
 Allegiance J " and for further handling the subjects there treated of, (and 
 which were deemed highly offensive,) in a third sermon, preached in the parish 
 
 3e2 church 
 
396 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Gilbert 
 Dillingham. 
 
 Brian 
 
 AValton. 
 
 church of St. Giles, May 4, 1628. For this he was fined £. 1,000, imprisoned, 
 and declared incapable of enjoying any ecclesiastical preferment. He was, 
 besides, obliged to make his submission to the house, the form of which may 
 be seen in the journals of the house of commons ('' ). 
 
 Dr. Maynwaringe received some compensation for the above severe sentence, 
 in a short time afterwards, being presented by the king to the church of Stam- 
 ford Rivers, Essex ; with licence to hold that of St. Giles with it ; and a pardon 
 on the 9th of January following, (1629.) In 1633, he was elected dean of 
 Worcester; and was consecrated bishop of St. David's, February 28, 1635. 
 During the civil war which ensued, he had his share of persecution ; and died, 
 perhaps a martyr to it, July 1, 1653. He was buried in the collegiate church 
 church of Brecknock, near the high altar ( '* ). 
 
 Gilbert Dillingham, 
 per promot' Roger Maynwaring. 
 We have met with no particulars of this rector, nor are we positively 
 acquainted with the time when he was instituted to the living. He died 
 1635. 
 
 Brian Walton, A. M. 
 15th January 1635, per mort' Dillingham. 
 This very learned and distinguished clergyman (of whose birth, education, 
 preferment, sufferings, and indefatigable labour and care, in publishing the 
 celebrated Polyglot Bible, and other works, a full account will be found Ath. 
 Oxon. V. II, p. 730, et sec.) was presented to the rectories of St. Giles-in- 
 the-fields, andof Sandon (Essex,) by king Charles the first, (being at the time, 
 Newcourt supposes, one of his majesty's chaplains,) to both which he was 
 admitted January 5, 1635, and was then only master of arts, (Registr. Lond.) 
 
 He 
 
 ('■) Also in Malcolm's Londinum Redi- 
 vivum, art. " St. Giles." 
 
 ( ^*) He was born in Shropshire, but of a 
 Cheshire family, which Lloyd says, was 
 a noble one. His two sermons were preached 
 before Charles !,• during his attendance on 
 him as chaplain. In i6io, he was on the 
 old grudge of his two sermons, as Lloyd ex- 
 presses it — " apprehended suddenly, con- 
 fined severely, fined heavily, plundered vio- 
 
 lently, and persecuted from place to place 
 continually." Walker describes him as an 
 excellent critic in the Greek tongue, of a 
 pious life and conversation, charitable and 
 humane, particularly as to the redeeming of 
 captives. That though he laboured under 
 a severe character, with the puritans, yet he 
 was much esteemed by the royalists, and of 
 great zeal for the church of England. — See 
 also Wood, Athense Oxoniensis. 
 
RECTORS, CURATES, &c. 397 
 
 He was afterwards doctor of divinity, and rector of St. Martin Orgar, London; 
 but was persecuted, and forced to resign all his preferments at the beginning 
 of the civil warj and did not regain them until the restoration, when (Aug. 
 14, 1666) his two livings of Sandon and St. Giles, were restored. He was 
 promoted to the bishoprick of Chester, Dec. 2, l660; and died Nov. 29, l66l, 
 at his house in Aldersgate-street, from whence he was buried on the 5th of the 
 same month, in St. Paul's cathedral, under a noble monument. 
 
 William Heywood, S.T.P. 
 1636, per resig' Brian Walton, ult* rector. 
 
 Dr. William Heywood, " a most excellent preacher of his time," was born in William 
 the city of Bristol ; brought up in St. John's college, Oxford, where he was ®y woo . 
 elected scholar in I6l6, and soon after made fellow of that house. Dr. Laud, 
 who highly respected him and his learning, made him one of his domestic 
 chaplains. He was afterwards made chaplain in ordinary to king Charles I ; 
 and November 21, 1631, had the prebend of Chamberlain Wood conferred on 
 him ; and on the 8th of December following, the church of Langdon, cum cap* 
 de Basildon, in Essex. In 1636, he was made doctor of divinity, about which 
 time he became rector of St. Giles j and in 1638, was made canon of the 
 eleventh stall in the collegiate church of Westminster. " But he being" (says 
 Newcourt) " esteemed by the puritans a licencer of popish books, a purger of 
 orthodox passages against popery, papists, arminianism, a creature of arch- 
 bishop Laud's, and a practicer of popish ceremonies," was, upon the petition 
 and articles exhibited against him in the long parliament, (") thrown out of 
 his living of St. Giles's, &c. imprisoned, forced to fly, and being reduced to 
 great distress, was constrained to keep a private school, in Wiltshire, until the 
 Restoration ('♦). 
 
 On 
 
 (") See account thereof, pp. 200 & 267. by one R. M., which answer 1 have not yet 
 
 ('*) Wood says, that Dr. Heywood was seen." Dr. Heywood, was the author of 
 
 a cooper's son, of Ballance-street, in the city various sermons, in print, and others of his 
 
 of Bristol ; and was elected fellow of St. sermons still remain in M.S. There are 
 
 John's college, by the endeavours of John various entries respecting him in the parish 
 
 Whitson, alderman of that city, and an en- books, chiefly of donations from himself, or 
 
 courager of his studies. The " articles" others, by his procurement. He appears 
 
 exhibited against him by his parishioners, likewise to have left something to the parish 
 
 {see p. 267) " were," says Walker, "answered at his death. 
 
398 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 On the return of king Charles II, he was restored to his living of St. Giles, 
 his canonry, and other preferments, which he enjoyed in quietness until his 
 death. He was buried in the collegiate church of Westminster, near the 
 bottom of the stairs leading up to the pulpit, July 7> 1663, leaving behind him 
 the character of an excellent tutor (whilst he was a fellow of St. John's college,) 
 a general scholar, and a meek man in temper and conversation ("). 
 
 Henry Cornish, 
 Incumbent from 1641, to the year 1648. 
 Henry Henry Cornish, was chosen " minister," on the expulsion of Dr. Heywood, 
 
 Cormsh. ^y ^ ruling party among the parishioners, and continued to hold the living 
 until 1648. The following are entries respecting him in the parish books: — 
 
 " 1643. (9 Mar.) Upon a motion of the churchwardens, and serious con- 
 sideration of that part of the vestry who had subscribed the order, it was 
 resolved, " That before the first day of the ensuing May, the names of all the 
 parishioners should be fairly written in a book." — " And that such person as 
 Mr. Cornish should appoint, be empowered to aske of the said parishioners and 
 receive of them, such several sums of money, as they might be disposed 
 voluntarily to contribute to Mr. Cornish for a lecture once a week ; and for the 
 better enabling him to maintain a preaching curate for the said parish." 
 He is mentioned in the following entry respecting the parsonage house : — 
 " 1647 — P*" unto Mr. Cornish, by the parishioners, order, y' did remayne due 
 unto him of the some of a^.17. 15 s. y'he disburst aboute y° parsonage house, 
 which some is j^.9. 155."j as also in various other entries in the parish 
 books ('*). 
 
 Arthur Molyne, Clerk, 
 Incumbent from the year 1648 to 1651. 
 Arthur Mr. Molyne, appears to have succeeded Henry Cornish, some time in the 
 
 Molyne. 
 
 year 
 
 C) Newcourt. £. s. d. 
 
 (") " 1646.— Given to Mr.|£. s. d. « 1647. Rec'of Mr. Cornisli, sir! ^ ^ ^ 
 
 Babthorpe, a minister, by Mr. r o. 2. o. Willliam Waller's gift to the pooreJ 
 
 Cornish and Mr. Hyde's appointm'-' " Rec' from Mr. Cornish] 
 
 " 1647. Rec' of Mr. Cornish,! -r.^ru... xxr_,i-_,. _:<-. ._ .u„ ..-. 1 
 
 monyes collected in the Olde 
 Town Division, voluntarily given 
 to the putting of the poore to work 
 
 i6. 6. o. 
 
 s' Willm Waller's gift to the vi- 10. o. o. 
 sited poore . . - — ' 
 
 Churchwardens Accounts. 
 
RECTORS, CURATES, &c. 399 
 
 year 1648, as an entry in the churchwardens accounts of that date, notices 
 a payment of rent to him for the countess of Oxford's pew, viz. " 1648. P* 
 Mr. Molyne, a moietie of the countesse of Oxford's pew, £.1. 10s." And 
 another entry, in the same year, acknowledges the receipt from him of a sum 
 of money given for the use of poor, and with which he had been intrusted as 
 rector or minister, viz. " 1648. Rec' of Mr. Molyne, JOA. 6s. given by Mr. 
 Crofton." 
 
 In 1650, a collection, similar to that which had before been made for 
 Mr. Cornish, was ordered to be made for Mr. Molyne, for preaching the 
 Sunday afternoon lecture, according it is said to " antient custom," viz. 
 
 " 1650 (October 31). — Ordered, that a collection be made for Mr. Molyne, 
 for preaching the Sundayes afternoons lecture, for the half year preceeding. 
 And that the benevolence of the inhabitants so collected, according to antient 
 custom of the parish, be paid him with all convenient speed." And a short 
 time afterwards, " it was agreed at a meeting of parishioners, in the vestry 
 room, that there be a lecturer chosen. And that a yearly collection be made 
 for him, the third part of which to be paid to Mr. Molyne, our nolo minister, 
 for an augmentation of his means, arising out of his Easter book, and other 
 casualties" ("). 
 
 Mr. Molyne appears to have held the incumbency not more than a twelve- 
 month after this entry, when he was succeeded by — 
 
 Thomas Case, A.M. 
 
 Incumbent from the year 1651 to 1660. 
 
 Thomas Case, the next, and last incumbent during the Interregnum, con- JJ°™^ 
 
 tinned to occupy the place of the expelled rector. Dr. Heywood, until the 
 
 Restoration. The name of Thomas Case stood foremost in the list of violent 
 
 reformers of his age, which made him a desirable person in the eyes of that 
 
 part 
 
 (") "Agreed that the other two parts inhabitants, (public notice being given 
 of such collection, be paid to the lecturer thereof in the church in the afternoon be- 
 so intended to be chosen, for preaching fore such collection is made). And it was 
 every Sunday afternoon." And a committee further agreed, that such committee, or any 
 of twelve of the vestry, with the two church- nine or ten of them, should meet every 
 wardens, were " to present four able mini- Monday in the vestry room, at two o'clock 
 sters, to preach on four successive Sunday in the afternoon, to nominate and provide 
 afternoons," out of which the lecturer was a minister, to preach the Monday following 
 to be chosen by a general consent of the Vestry Minutes. 
 
400 ST, GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 part of the parishioners, who held similar sentiments, and who had now usurped 
 the right of election. Anthony Wood's account of him, (which is to be taken 
 however with some allowances,) is as follows : — 
 
 " Thomas Case, son of George Case, vicar of Boxley, in Kent, was born in 
 that county, and became a student of Christ Church, Oxon*, upon the recom- 
 mendation of Toby Matthew, archbishop of York, in the year 16 16, at the age 
 of 17 years, or thereabouts. He took the degrees in arts, holy orders, &c. and 
 preached for some time in those parts, and afterwards in Kent, at or near the 
 place of his nativity. On the turn of the times, in 1641, he closed with them ; 
 and being schismatically addicted, he became an enemy to the bishops and 
 liturgy, a great firebrand in the church, and a leader and abettor of the pre- 
 tended reformation, and what not, in the city of London ; and so consequently 
 to get preferment and wealth, which before he wanted, and was therefore 
 discontented. About the same time, he was minister of St. Mary Magdalen 
 church, in Milk-street, London, upon the sequestration of a loyalist ; where it 
 was usual with him, at his invitation of the people to the Lord's table, for the 
 receiving of the sacrament, to say — ' You that have freely and liberally contri- 
 buted to the parliament, for the defence of God's cause and gospel, draw 
 near;' — instead of, * You that truly and earnestly repent,' &c. (as see 
 Mercurius Rusticus) ; to the rest he threatened damnation, as coming unwillingly 
 to the holy sacrament. In 1643, he, as a great lover of the cause, was made, 
 by ordinance of parliament, one of the assembly of divines; being then as 
 before, and after, a frequent preacher before the members of the said parlia- 
 ment ; and about that time, he was the Thursday's lecturer at St. Martin' s-in- 
 the-fields. He was so zealous a covenanter also, that he published a sermon 
 about the solemn league and covenant ; advised all to take it, and was angrjr 
 with those who did not, though they understood it not. 
 
 " He was, during the civil war, (as most of his brethren were,) a common 
 preacher of rebellion. At length, he and they, being cozened of their king 
 and the design they had upon him, by the Independents, he became a bitter 
 enemy to that party; plotted with Love, Jenkins, &c. and with the Scotts, to 
 bring in his son, Charles the Second, anno 1651 ; Case, being about this time, 
 minister of St. Giles-in-the-Jields, near London. But upon this plot being dis- 
 covered, and Love, the conspirator, suffering for the rest, he, with the rest of his 
 brethren that were of the conspiracy, made a petition to Oliver, by way of ap- 
 knowledgement and submission for what they had done. 
 
 " In 
 
INCUMBENTS, RECTORS, &c. 401 
 
 " In the year 1653, he made it his endeavour to be one of the triers for the 
 approbation of ministers, appointed by OHver, but was rejected ; yet when the 
 presbyterians began to Hft their heads, in the latter end of the year 1659, upon 
 the generous proceedings of general Monk, he was constituted by act of 
 parliament, dated the 1 ■Ith of March, of that year, one of the ministers for the 
 approbation and admission of ministers, according to the presbyterian way. 
 But that foppery being soon laid aside, he himself, upon the coming out of the 
 act of conformity, anno 1662, was laid aside also; yet, ever after, so long as he 
 lived, in conventicles, he was not wanting to carry on the beloved cause, for 
 which he sometimes suffered. At length, after he had lived in continual 
 agitation, for carrying on the cause he professed, he died in 1682 ; whereupon 
 his body was buried at the upper part of Christ church, Newgate-street, 
 London ; and had soon after, laid over his grave, a large white stone, with a 
 Latin inscription thereon, just below the steps going to the altar." 
 
 Thomas Case was the author of a volume of sermons, and other works, a list 
 of which may be seen. — Ath' Oxon' v. II. p. 707 ("). 
 
 Robert Boreman, Clerk, 
 Rector 18 Nov. 1663, per mort' Hey wood. 
 
 On the death of Dr. Heywood, (who, as has been mentioned in the account Robert 
 of him, was restored to this hving in 1660, and died in 1663,) Dr. Boreman ^o""^™*"- 
 succeeded to the rectory. The family of the Boremans, of which Dr. Boreman 
 was a younger brother, were, according to Wood, residents in the Isle of 
 Wight. His brother, sir William Boreman, filled the respectable situation of 
 clerk of the green cloth to king Charles II, and was one of the distinguished 
 
 servants 
 
 (") An establishment of preaching in the preached at St. Giles in the Fields, in the 
 
 forenoons, which was called "The Morn- month of May 1655. Lond. 1655." And 
 
 iNG Exercise," took place in St. Giles's in the churchwardens accounts, is the fol- 
 
 church, during the incumbency of Case, at lowing entry as to establishment :—" 1654. 
 
 which himself, and various other ministers, P** unto Thomas Bray, for the minister's 
 
 of the same persuasion, assisted. An ab- entertainment at the vestrie, every morning 
 
 stract of the lectures, or sermons, delivered dureing the month of May, att the morning 
 
 during the continuance of this custom, was exercise, for the said moneth, w"" bread, 
 
 published under the title of " The Morning beer, and sugar and ale, w"" butter, and other 
 
 Exercise ; or some short notes taken out of necessaries, for the minister's entertainment 
 
 the Morning Sermons, which divers mini- there, the some of £.2." 
 sters of the gospel, in the city of London, 
 
 3F 
 
402 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 servants of that prince. Robert Boreman, being designed for the church, 
 received a regular preparatory education for that purpose, and at a proper 
 age was sent to Cambridge, where he became a fellow of Trinity college, and 
 afterwards entered into holy orders. After some intervening preferments, he, 
 in 1663, was presented to the rectory of St. Giles-in-the-fields, in which he 
 continued twelve years. He died in the winter of the year 1675, at Green- 
 wich, in Kent, having passed his life in celibacy. He published, among other 
 things, the following pieces, viz, 1. The Churchman's Catechism, or the 
 Churches Plea for Tythes, Lond. 1651. — 2. The Triumph of Learning over 
 Ignorance, and of Truth over Falsehood : being an Answer to Four Queries ; 
 first, whether there be any need of Universities, &c. Lond. 1653. — 3. The 
 Life and Death of Freeman Sonds, esq. — 4<. Relation of Sir John Sonds Nar- 
 rative of the Passages on the Death of his two Sons ; both printed at London. 
 N. B. The said Freeman, son of Sir John, was hanged for murthering his 
 brother. — 5. A Mirrour of Christianity, and a Miracle of Charity, &c. ('') — 
 And, 6. A Sermon on Philip, iii. 20. Lond. 1669. 
 
 It seems, from different entries in the parish books, that sir William Bore- 
 man, the doctor's brother, was the owner of premises in St. Giles's, and was 
 most probably also a parishioner ; " his tenants," as well as himself, being 
 noticed as giving money for the use of the poor. His residence, however, is 
 not mentioned. 
 
 John Sharpe, A. M. 
 Sd January 1675, per mort' Boreman. 
 
 Archbishop Dr. Sharpe, afterwards archbishop of York, was a native of Bradford, in 
 *^^' Yorkshire, and educated at Christ's college, Cambridge. He was first 
 
 appointed domestic chaplain and tutor to the four sons of Sir Henage Finch, 
 attorney general, which led to his further promotion. Sir Henage afterwards 
 obtained the highest office in the law, and recommended his friend Sharpe to 
 Charles 11. The first fruits of this powerful application in his behalf were, the 
 archdeaconry of Berkshire, I672, and a prebendal stall at Norwich, which was 
 added by his patron ; and in I675, he was presented by the king to the rectory 
 of St. Bartholomew, Exchange, London. The profits of these enabling him to 
 marry, he left the chancellor's house, where he had resided five years j and 
 
 the 
 (" ) See memoir of duchess Dudley, p. 360. 
 
RECTORS. 403 
 
 the rectory of St. Giles becoming vacant by Dr. Boreman's death (to whom 
 he had previously been curate), he was, on the king's presentation, instituted 
 thereto as above. Dr. Sharpe enjoyed the friendship of the most eminent 
 divines ; but that of his neighbour rector. Dr. Tillotson, (*°) was procured by 
 one of those singular circumstances which often mark the lives of eminent men. 
 Dr. Sharpe's father was a dry-salter, as was Mr. Joshua Tillotson, uncle of the 
 latter ; the two brother tradesmen dealt together. The son and nephew had 
 only to know, to esteem each other, and the result was, a friendship that only 
 ended with death. 
 
 The lectureship of St. Lawrence was given to Di*. Sharpe, and the deanry 
 of Norwich in 1681. Before the death of Charles II, (to whom, among his 
 other preferments, he had been made chaplain,) he wrote the address of the 
 city and grand jury of Norwich. He afterwards attended the coronation of 
 James II, which monarch he soon offended by his refutation of the idle pre- 
 tensions of the church of Rome, to be the only visible Catholic church. 
 Bishop Compton, his diocesan, was ordered to suspend him, and was himself 
 suspended for refusing so to do (*'). Dr. Sharpe read his notes to chancellor 
 Jefferies, who endeavoured to screen him ; but it was judged proper he should 
 retire, and not preach until leave was given. He modestly acquiesced, and 
 removed to Norwich, where he amused himself in forming a collection of coins, 
 chiefly British, Anglo-Saxon, or English. He was recalled in less than 
 a twelvemonth, and returned with joy ; but refusing to obey the ecclesiastical 
 commissioners, remained in disgrace to the end of that reign. 
 
 After the arrival of king WiUiam, he was appointed to preach before him, 
 was named one of the revisers of the liturgy, and offered the vacant mitre of 
 one of the deprived prelates ; but this he nobly refused. He was, however, 
 made dean of Canterbury, upon the removal of Dr. Tillotson, and subsequently 
 dean of St. Paul's, in November, 1689. His friend, archbishop Tillotson, at 
 
 length 
 
 (*°) He was then rector of St. Martin's- doctrines of the Roman Catholics. The 
 
 in-the-fields. (He is called in the vestry bishop having consulted the civilians, was 
 
 minutes before this, " Mr. John Sharpe," told by them, that he could not by any law 
 
 but afterwards " Mr. Dean Sharpe.") proceed against Dr. Sharpe, without pro- 
 
 (*') "8 Sept'. — The bishop of London ducing witnesses, and impleading according 
 
 was on Monday suspended for not silencing to form ; but it was over-ruled by the chan- 
 
 Dr. Sharpe, of St. Giles's, for something of cellor, Jeffries, and the bishop sentenced." 
 a sermon, in w'*" he zealously reproved the Mr. Evelyn's Diary. 
 
 3 f2 
 
4M ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 length proposed, and the king acceded to his wish, that Dr. Sharpe should 
 succeed Dr. Lamplugh in the see of York ; and that prelate dying soon after, 
 he was, July 5, 1691, consecrated, and elevated at once to the archiepiscopal 
 dignity. (*') Queen Anne made him lord almoner, a privy councillor, and 
 a commissioner for the Union. He presided at York for more than twenty 
 years, equally admired and beloved. Piety and virtue seemed matured in 
 him. He died at Bath, February 2, 1713-14, without an enemy, and was 
 interred in his own cathedral of York. By Elizabeth, youngest daughter of 
 William Palmer, of Winthorpe, in Lincolnshire, esq. he left a family, who 
 justly gloried in so good a parent. His sermons, which have been collected, 
 and published in several volumes, are well known to the public. 
 
 John Scott, S.T.P. 
 7th Aug. 1691, per promot' Sharpe ad Arch'' Ebor. 
 
 Dr. Scott. This excellent divine, was the son of Thomas Scott, a sufficient grazier, of 
 
 Chippenham, in Wilts. Not being intended by his father for the church, he was, 
 at first, placed out as an apprentice in London, and reluctantly served three years 
 in that situation ; but being inclined, says Wood, " to virtue and good letters," 
 he abandoned the trade to which he was being brought up, and retired to 
 Oxford. While here, he became a commoner of New Inn, under the tuition of 
 Mr. Christopher Lee, (viz. in 1657, being then about 19 years of age,) and 
 making great proficiency in logic and philosophy, he departed, not having 
 taken any degree, but had received holy orders ; and after some intervening 
 appointments, became minister of St. Thomas's, in Southwark. He subse- 
 quently became rector of St. Peter le Poor, Broad-street, London, and lecturer 
 of a church in Lombard-street, and at length, rector of St. Giles in the Fields, 
 as above. In 1685, he had proceeded in divinity ; and on the coming in of 
 William and Mary, became a canon of Windsor, in the place of Dr. John Fitz- 
 
 william, 
 (**) Hislast sermon, in St. Giles's church, do attend the most reverend father in God 
 appears to have been preached on Sunday, John, lord archbishop of Yorke, and, on the 
 June 28, 1691 ; a minute being entered in behalfe of the vestry, and of all che inhabi- 
 the vestry book, to that effect, dated the tants of this parish, do give his grace humble 
 succeeding Wednesday, July i, in the fol- thanks, for his pious care formerly taken ia 
 lowing words :— " It is desired, that Ralph this parish, and earnestly to intreat him 
 Bucknall, esq. Peter Lugge, esq. capt. Can- that he would, in addition to his former fa- 
 non, capt. Partherick, &c. and the church- vors, print the sermon preached by his grace, 
 wardens of this parish, or any five of them, in this church, on Sunday last." 
 
RECTORS. 405. 
 
 William, a nonjuror, which promotion took place in April 1691 ; and he might, 
 adds his biographer, have been a bishop, had not some scruples hindered him. 
 He was rector of St. Giles only three years, dying suddenly, on Sunday, March 
 10, l694i ; " and was buried in the rectors vault, as 'tis called, under part of 
 the said church of St. Giles, on the 15th of the same month ; leaving behind 
 him, the character of a good and learned man^ an excellent preacher, and one 
 that had done much good in his calling." 
 
 Dr. Scott published a number of pieces, a list of which may be seen. — Ath. 
 Oxon. V. II, p. 921. But his most celebrated work, is his " Christian Life." 
 
 William Haley, Clerk, 
 4th April 1695, per mort' John Scott. 
 
 William Haley, or Healy, says Anthony Wood, was a student of All Souls ^^^ Haley. 
 College, Oxford; and on quitting that university, went as chaplain to an 
 embassy to Constantinople, or the Ottoman Porte. He was author of a ser- 
 mon, preached before the right honourable George earl of Berkeley, governor 
 to the company of merchants trading to the Levant seas, at St. Peter's church, 
 in Broad-street, London, January 30, I686, on Prov. viii, 18. — Lond. 1687(+'). 
 He was afterwards made dean of Chichester, and chaplain in ordinary to the 
 king ; and on the death of Dr. Scott, had the rectory of St. Giles bestowed 
 on him, as above. He died 17th of October, 1715. He is always called in the 
 parish books " Mr. Dean Haley." 
 
 William Baker, D. D. 
 
 October 7, 1715, per mort' William Haley. 
 
 Dr. Baker succeeded dean Haley ; he was elected warden of Wadham col- Dr. Baker. 
 lege, in Oxford, in 1719 ; bishop of Bangor, in 1723 ; and in 1727, bishop of 
 Norwich. He died in December, 1732. He signs his name in the parish 
 
 books, 
 
 (♦') He published seven sermons, be- manners, 1699; a fourth, at the funeral of 
 
 tween 1687 and 1702; viz. the one men- Dr. Conner, 1699 ; aspital sermon, preach- 
 
 tioned above, preached before the governor ed 1701, Concio ad Synodam, 1701; and 
 
 and company of the Levant merchants ; a a sermon preached at the consecration of 
 
 second, preached before the house of com- Dr. John Evans, bishop of Bangor, and 
 
 mons, on the fast, 1695; a third, preached published 1702. 
 before the society for the reformation of 
 
406 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 books, on his first^coming to the rectory of St. Giles, " William Baker, rector ;" 
 but afterwards " William Bangor j" and " William Norwich." 
 
 Henry Galley, D. D. 
 December 1732, per mort' Dr. William Baker. 
 
 Dr. Galley. Dr. Galley's appointment is thus noticed in a minute in the vestry books : — 
 " 1732, 20 December. First attendance of Dr. Galley." At the time of this 
 appointment, he was chaplain in ordinary to George II. Dr. Galley married 
 in 1737, Miss Knight, of Brooke-street, Grosvenor-square, who had a fortune of 
 5^.30,000. In 1760, he had a trial at law with the vestry of St. Giles, before 
 lord Mansfield, and a special jury, respecting the right of appointing the parish 
 clerk. The verdict was in favour of the vestry, who proved that they had 
 exercised the right for 125 years. Dr. Galley died in the month of August 
 1769, and was succeeded by— 
 
 John Smyth, D. D. 
 August 1769, per mort* Dr. Henry Galley, 
 
 Dr. Smyth. He was chaplain to the great seal, and a prebendary of Norwich ; he died 
 March I788 ; his successor was, the 
 
 Right Reverend John Buckner, L L. D. 
 Bishop of Lord bishop of Chichester, who was presented 1797> and who is the present 
 
 Chichester. , 
 
 rector. 
 
 Lecturers and Curates. 
 
 The office of lecturer appears to be an appointment of comparatively late 
 date in this parish ; the earliest mention of it, in the vestry minutes, occurring 
 (as before noticed) no further back than the year 1628, when the arrangements 
 mentioned below were made respecting it. Previously to that period, the 
 duty of afternoon preacher, seems to have been performed by the incumbent, 
 but without any extra allowance. 
 
 " Dec. 1628. — It was agreed upon, by vestry, in consideration of Dr. Man- 
 waring relinquishing for himself, and successors, a yearly rent due to the parson, 
 in right of his rectory, of six pounds ten shillings, which did issue from three cot- 
 tages, standing upon the churchyard glebe; and which cottages (being an annoy- 
 ance to the churchyard, and a hindrance to the burial ground, of which the 
 parish had great need) he had consented should be removed ; that said vestry 
 
 should 
 
LECTURERS AND CURATES. 407 
 
 should consider of a recompence answerable to such annual rent, as the said 
 parson should lose by such tenements being removed." (♦♦) "Who was the first 
 lecturer chosen in consequence of this agreement, does not appear ; but some 
 years afterwards, viz. in 1643, an order occurs for "a voluntary contribution to 
 be taken for Mr. Cornish, the minister, for a lecture once a week ; and for the 
 better enabling him to maintain a preaching curate." This situation appears to 
 have been first filled by — 
 
 Arthur Molyne, 
 
 (Just noticed.) — His appointment is thus noticed in the vestry minutes: — Arthur 
 " 1650.— Ordered that a collection be made for Mr. Molyne, the lecturer." ° ^"^' 
 In the January of the following year, in consequence of Mr. Molyne being 
 
 chosen " minister," the inhabitants nominated four candidates for the vacant 
 
 office; and July 7, 1651, they elected — 
 
 Mr. GODDARD, (+0 
 
 Who was lecturer only one year, when 11th May, 1652, the parishioners Mr.Goddard. 
 appointed as their lecturer — 
 
 Thomas Case, 
 
 Who being elected " pastor, or minister," on the death of Arthur Molyne, Thomase 
 the parish probably chose a successor to the vacant lectureship, but whose name ^^^' 
 we are unacquainted with, (for we find no appointment afterwards for some 
 years,) and who continued in the office, until the expulsion of Thomas Case, in 
 1660, when Dr. Heywood, being restored to his rectorship, and things having 
 been returned into their former channel, another clergyman was put into his 
 place : — This minister, it appears, from the vestry minutes, was — 
 
 Mr. 
 
 (♦*) And in a second vestry, it was re- afternoon, the vestry consented that the 
 
 solved — " That Dr. Manwaring, the rector, voluntary benevolence of £. 84 per annum, 
 
 in consideration as aforesaid, and also of a should be continued ; the same to be di- 
 
 constant supply of preaching in the fore- vided into two portions, the greater whereof 
 
 noons, and catechizing in the afternoons, on (£.44), should remain to the doctor for his 
 
 Sundays, should be allowed £.84 per annum, own care and pains of preaching every fore- 
 
 to be collected proportionably, by a ty the noon, &c.; and the £.40 to be paid yearly 
 
 book." — And subsequently it being repre- to such afternoon preacher, until the doctor 
 
 sented, "That Dr. Mainwaring, (at the shouldhimself choose to do that duty." 
 request of several of the parishioners,) being (*') 1651, (July 7,) Mr. Goddard, having 
 
 willing for a certain lime, to admit of ano- made his probatioa sermons, was chosen 
 
 ther preacher to supply his place in the lecturer. 
 
408 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Mr. 
 Slaughter. 
 
 Mr. Slaughter. 
 
 A subscription being ordered to be made for him, under the name of lecturer, 
 as well as for Dr. Hey wood, in 1662, possibly in consideration of the losses 
 they had sustained during the inter-regnum. The next lecturer was 
 
 Mr. Hore. 
 
 Mr. Robert 
 Osbaldeston. 
 
 Mr. Hore. 
 
 This gentleman appears to have continued in the lectureship from 1665 to 
 1672, (at least no other name occurs in that interval). In I672, reasons were 
 ordered to be given in to vestry " why Mr. Neast did not officiate on the 
 Sunday forenoons, according to the choice of the inhabitants:" and on the 
 churchwardens attending the bishop, he blamed them for electing a Mr. Alsop, 
 being an improper person, Mr. Neast, probably from neglect, (as also in conse- 
 quequence of a note from the rector. Dr. Boreman,) having been put by, and 
 the name of Alsop having been improperly substituted; and it further appearing, 
 " that the said Alsop was a very scandalous and ill-liver, and not fit to officiate 
 in that place," — 
 
 Mr. Robert Osbaldeston 
 
 was chosen in I672, and held the lectureship four years only; for January 
 1676, " It was ordered by vestry, that Mr. Horneck (♦*) and three others, 
 should stand in nomination for the lectureship of this parish, and should preach 
 on the particular days appointed ; and that one of these be chosen lecturer by 
 the inhabitants, according to custom, on the 18th of February, after evening 
 prayer." 
 
 The four gentlemen, of which Dr. Cave was also one, (*') were to preach on 
 four successive Sundays, and the election appeared to be be going on according 
 to custom ; but the parishioners, who had increased in number, and it seems in 
 violence, were so far divided in their choice, that some popular tumults ensued 
 in consequence. Wherefore, March 2, I676, " The vestry having taken into 
 consideration, the obstructions and differences which had happened in chusing 
 a lecturer for this parish ; and which might again, in all likelihood, happen, if 
 they should proceed to a new election ; to the end that they might might have 
 
 time 
 
 (*•) Author of the " Crucified Jesus." 
 
 (*') Author of the " Lives of the Fathers." 
 
LECTURERS AND CURATES. 409 
 
 time to settle such matters, it was ordered, and the said vestry did accordingly 
 desire, Mr. John Sharpe, the rector of the said parish, would provide such 
 sufficient and able persons, from time to time, on every Sunday, during one 
 half year, to commence at, and from Sunday then next, to preach in the said 
 parish church, as he should think fit ; and 40*. should be allowed for each , 
 sermon, to be raised by collection," &c. This mode of providing casual 
 preachers, probably being found less agreeable, on trial, than was supposed, 
 and the parishioners also desiring a stated lecturer, five persons were put in 
 nomination for that office, and appointed to preach successively, as candidates; 
 of these the parish nominated two, and Mr. Sharpe three ; Mr. Calamy, minister 
 of Aldermanbury, was one of the two nominated by the parish, the names of 
 the others are not mentioned. Neither of these gentlemen, however, appear 
 to have been chosen, for in the January of the following year (I677,) it was 
 ordered by vestry, " That four ministers, (two named by the parish, and two 
 by the rector,) should preach on the four following Sundays for the lectureship j 
 and the election to take place on Sunday afternoon, the 3d of February;" and 
 July 19, 1677» the situation continuing still unfilled, owing to the disputes of 
 the parishioners, it was further ordered, " That Mr. Hughes and Mr. Ivery do 
 stand for lecturer ; and if Mr. Ivery refuse, Mr. Kenel, of Oxon, to be sent 
 for, and to preach thrice, and if approved, to be chosen ; if not, the inhabitants 
 to chuse Mr. Hughes, without further disputes." 
 
 Messrs. Hughes, Ivery, or Kenel. 
 Which of these gentlemen was elected, in consequence of the above resolu- Messrs. 
 tion, does not appear, or whether either of them; though, from only one name ivery, or 
 appearing as lecturer for a period of twenty-seven years, from the above date, Kenel. 
 it is highly probable that one of the three was chosen. The name alluded to 
 was that of a former candidate — 
 
 Richard Leech. 
 
 This gentleman has been mentioned as a benefactor to the charity schools. Richard 
 He had put up for the lectureship in I677, with Mr. Calamy, &c. but, it '^ ' 
 appears, did not then succeed. He died in I704. 
 
 Thomas Knaggs 
 
 Was elected on the decease of Mr. Leech, and was one of four candidates, Thomas 
 whereof two, Dr. Gibson (afterwards bishop of London) and Dr. Jacques, were ^"^ss*- 
 
 3 G named 
 
410 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 Mr. Riddle, 
 
 Mr. Smith. 
 
 Mr. Sellon. 
 
 Mr. Elisha 
 Faulkner. 
 
 Rev. John 
 Shepherd. 
 
 named by the rector, and himself, and Mr. Thomas Haley by the parish. At 
 this, and the next election, in 1729, the vestry made several regulations as 
 to the qualifications of the electors, &c. Mr. Knaggs was lecturer twenty 
 years. 
 
 Ma. Riddle. 
 
 " 16 May 1724. — By consent of the rector, Messrs. Capper, Riddle, and 
 Whittingham, were nominated to stand candidates in the room of Mr. Knaggs. 
 The election to begin on Monday the 18th of May, at 9 o'clock, and to 
 continue until Thursday, at 1 o'clock, and no longer." 
 
 Mr. Riddle was chosen on this occasion, and continued lecturer five years, 
 viz. until 1729, when dying, he was succeeded by — 
 
 Mr. Smith. 
 
 On this occasion Mr. Capper, a candidate at the last election, again put up, 
 and was the only opponent of Mr. Smith. The election began on Wednesday, 
 at 9 o'clock, and closed on the following Saturday, at 2 o'clock, when 
 Mr. Smith was returned by a majority of the parishioners. He was lecturer 
 29 years. 
 
 Mr. Sellon 
 
 "Was chosen in 1758, and continued lecturer until 1790 j when he was 
 succeeded by ' 
 
 Mr. Elisha Faulkner, 
 Who held the lectureship only eight years. His death took place in 1798 ; 
 when he was succeeded by — 
 
 The Rev. John Shepherd, 
 The present (1821) lecturer. 
 
■ CHURCHWARDENS. 
 
 411 
 
 Churchwardens from 1617 to 1761. 
 
 1617. 
 
 Richard Bigge, esq. 
 
 1633- 
 
 Turpin, with 
 
 1653- 
 
 Thomas Richardson. 
 
 i6i8. 
 
 George Collins, 
 
 
 William Edmonds. 
 
 1654. 
 
 Samuel Harris. 
 
 
 John Amy, and 
 
 1634. 
 
 William Edmonds, 
 
 ^^5S- 
 
 John Bradley. 
 
 
 John Brewer, (chosen 
 
 
 George Gardner. 
 
 1656. 
 
 Thomas Blythe. 
 
 
 instead of Collins, 
 
 1635- 
 
 George Gardner, 
 
 1657- 
 
 John Seagood. 
 
 
 who died in his war- 
 
 
 George Hope. 
 
 1658. 
 
 Francis Breade, 
 
 
 denship.) 
 
 1636. 
 
 George Hope, 
 
 
 John Hooker. 
 
 1620. 
 
 Thomas Turpln, 
 
 
 George Nurse. 
 
 1659. 
 
 Thomas Stephens, 
 
 
 Richard Eckold. 
 
 1737- 
 
 George Nurse, 
 
 
 Francis Kitchin. 
 
 1621. 
 
 Matthew Quire. 
 
 
 John Jones. 
 
 1660. 
 
 Francis Kitchin, 
 
 1622. 
 
 Matthew Quire, 
 
 1638. 
 
 John Jones, 
 
 
 John Belford. 
 
 
 Patrick Drumgold. 
 
 
 Thomas Harrison. 
 
 1661. 
 
 Symon Marshall, 
 
 1623. 
 
 Patrick Drumgold, 
 
 i%9- 
 
 Tliomas Harrison, 
 
 
 Roger Flower. 
 
 
 Robert Johnson. 
 
 
 William Pratt. 
 
 1662. 
 
 Roger Flower, 
 
 1624. 
 
 Richard Syre, esq. 
 
 1640. 
 
 William Pratt, 
 
 
 John Glover. 
 
 
 Robert Hope. 
 
 
 Charles Southwell. 
 
 1663. 
 
 John Glover. 
 
 1625. 
 
 Richard Syre, 
 
 1641. 
 
 George Hope, 
 
 1664. 
 
 Edward Hodges, 
 
 
 Joseph Brackley. 
 
 
 William Atkinson. 
 
 
 Nathaniel Harding. 
 
 1626. 
 
 Robert Johnson, 
 
 1642. 
 
 Wilham Atkinson, 
 
 1665. 
 
 William Whitcnmbe, 
 
 
 John Gethin. 
 
 
 Edward Laurence. 
 
 
 Richard Bed well. 
 
 1627. 
 
 Thomas Lawson; he 
 
 1643. 
 
 Edward Laurence, 
 
 1666. 
 
 Richard Bedwell. 
 
 
 was chosen Aug. 3, 
 
 
 Francis Baker. 
 
 1667. 
 
 William Wooden. 
 
 
 1626, instead of Ge- 
 
 1644. 
 
 Edward Gerrard, 
 
 1668. 
 
 John Collins. 
 
 
 thin, who was dead. 
 
 
 William Hooper. 
 
 1669. 
 
 John Morris, 
 
 
 or had left, but dying 
 
 1645. 
 
 William Hooper, 
 
 
 John Andrews. 
 
 
 himself before his 
 
 
 Major Walter Bigge. 
 
 
 
 
 year was out, Robert 
 
 1646. 
 
 Richard Bigge, esq. 
 
 
 Upper Wardens. 
 
 
 Hope was again 
 
 
 John Hyde, esq. 
 
 1670. 
 
 John Hooker (*»). 
 
 
 chosen in his stead. 
 
 1647. 
 
 John Hyde, esq. 
 
 1671. 
 
 Cap°John Parthericke 
 
 1628. 
 
 William Okey, 
 
 
 Robert Pan ton. 
 
 1672. 
 
 Richard Hulcup. 
 
 
 William Chapman. 
 
 1648. 
 
 William Shawe. 
 
 1673. 
 
 Nathaniel Stratton. 
 
 1629. 
 
 William Chapman, 
 
 1649. 
 
 Isaac Bringhurst, 
 
 1674. 
 
 Henry Hubgood. 
 
 
 Thomas Harrison. 
 
 
 John Bishop. 
 
 1675- 
 
 Henry Rogers. 
 
 1630. 
 
 Richard Bigge, esq. 
 
 1650. 
 
 Edmund Wilmot, 
 
 1676, 
 
 William Mattiiews. 
 
 
 Thomas Sheppard, esq. 
 
 
 John Baker. 
 
 1677. 
 
 Robert Longland, 
 
 1631. 
 
 Thomas Sheppard, esq. 
 
 1651. 
 
 John Baker, 
 
 1678. 
 
 Geoffery Bayley. 
 
 
 Jeremy Turpin. 
 
 
 James Hearnden. 
 
 1679. 
 
 JohnBurnham. 
 
 1632. 
 
 Jeremy Turpin, 
 
 1652. 
 
 Edward Ives, 
 
 i68o. 
 
 Setphen Burke. 
 
 
 Edward Alley n. 
 
 
 Thomas Richardson. 
 
 1681. 
 
 Edward Harris. 
 
 1682. 
 
 (*•) He lived in Drury-lanein 1682, and from 
 the following description of his Louse, was pro- 
 bably a vintner, viz. — " All that tenement, com- 
 monly called or knowne by the came of the 
 
 Three Blackbirds, consisting of a seller, ■vHth a 
 hall, kitchen, and four other chambers over the 
 same, now in the occupation of Mr. Hooper, and 
 worth per annum xij li." 
 
 3g2 
 
41« 
 
 ST. GILES'S PARISH; 
 
 1682. 
 1683. 
 1684. 
 1685. 
 1686. 
 1687. 
 1688. 
 1689. 
 1690. 
 1691. 
 1692. 
 1693. 
 1624. 
 
 1695- 
 1696. 
 1697. 
 1698. 
 
 1699- 
 1700. 
 
 1701. 
 
 1702. 
 
 1703. 
 
 1704. 
 
 1705- 
 1706. 
 
 Thomas Harris. 
 William Kilbury. 
 Thomas Barnes. 
 John Bayiey. 
 Robert Sexton. 
 John Merydale. 
 Anthony Wells. 
 NathanielChandlerO. 
 Richard Sheppard. 
 William Phillips. 
 Jolin Twell. 
 Giles Riddle. 
 Joseph Ashead. 
 William May, 
 Thomas Hibbs. 
 Thomas Collinson. 
 Richard Read. 
 Robert Legg. 
 Thomas Smith. 
 Thomas Briggs. 
 William Crossfield. 
 William Shield. 
 James Sargison. 
 Richard Gales. 
 Thomas Priddy. 
 
 707. JohnEvergan. 
 
 708. Richard Kentish. 
 
 709. Bruce Randall. 
 
 710. George Byland ('"). 
 
 711. John Harris. 
 
 712. John Curtis ("). 
 
 713. Joseph Withall ('*). 
 
 714. Joseph Spencer. 
 
 715. Edward Bos well 
 
 716. William Lewis. 
 
 717. Henry Wright. 
 
 718. Edward Liney ("). 
 
 719. Isaac Fielding. 
 
 720. John Prater. 
 
 721. William Whitehurst. 
 
 722. Joseph Wotten. 
 
 723. William Gilmore. 
 
 724. Henry Vaughan. 
 
 725. Josias Oatley. 
 
 726. Francis Goodge, sen. 
 
 727. John Martin. 
 
 728. John Fortescue. 
 
 729. Philip Barron. 
 
 730. John Willson. 
 
 731. James Pinnock. 
 
 1732. Thomas Loe. 
 
 1733. Charles Fairchild. 
 
 1736. Thomas Coging. 
 
 1737. Stephen Le Bas. 
 
 1739. Daniel Jones. 
 
 1740. Joseph Francia. 
 
 1742. Edward Fitz. 
 
 1743. Warburton. 
 
 1744. Robert Cooper. 
 
 1745. James Whittle. 
 
 1748. Reger Franks 
 
 1749. Joseph Purser. 
 
 1750. Francis Hanache. 
 
 1751. Samuel Spencer. 
 
 1752. George Baker. 
 
 1753. William Heritage. 
 
 1754. William Collins. 
 
 1755. Jonathan Jennings. 
 
 1756. John Carpenter. 
 
 1757. Samuel Daiiley. 
 
 1758. William Stables. 
 
 1759. Edward Wren. 
 
 1760. Thomas Davis. 
 
 1761. Herbert Homan. 
 
 Stanislaus 
 Bowes. 
 
 Robert 
 Mayes. 
 John 
 Reynaulds. 
 
 Vestry Clerks. 
 
 Stanislaus Bo'wes was constable in I673, with Edward Harris, but was chosen 
 vestry clerk before 1666 ; as in that year a payment of b^.6 or £."7 was made 
 him as such, " for writing several bookes, and for his attendance." 
 
 N.B.— This is the first appointment on record to that office. — See more as 
 to, p. 284, Art. " Vestry Clerk." 
 
 Robert Mayes succeeded Bowes, and died before 1686. 
 
 John Reynaulds. — Mr. Reynaulds was appointed vestry clerk, January 1686, 
 in the room of Robert Mayes, deceased. He compiled an alphabetical list of 
 vestry orders, still remaining, for which he was paid in I69O. 
 
 John 
 
 ('*) Headborough in 1674, afterwards a vestry- 
 man, &c. In 1681, he petitioned, with John 
 Morris, &c. for an alteration or addition to the 
 
 vestry. In 1695, he was high constable of the 
 Ossulton division. 
 
 (") Glazier. (") Bricklayer. 
 
 (") Carpenter. ("). Parish paviour. , 
 
VESTRY CLERKS. 413 
 
 John Arden was chosen vestry clerk in the room of John Reynaulds, deceased* John Arden. 
 
 Sept. 24, 1710. In 1721, he accepted the sextonship on the decease of George 
 
 Hoskins ; for which he vacated the more respectable (but probably then less 
 
 lucrative) office before-mentioned. He appears to have held the situation of 
 
 sexton until his death, which happened in I726. 
 
 Thomas Powell succeeded on the resignation of John Arden. He is stated Thomas 
 
 . Powell, 
 to have been chosen ^* during pleasure only" but, notwithstanding, held it 
 
 until his death, in 1724. 
 
 Daniel Bolton was chosen on the decease of Thomas Powell, with a condition Daniel 
 to have " £. 80 per annum, as usual." This is the first instance of the amount ° "' 
 of the vestry clerk's salary being stated. Mr. Bolton continued in his office 
 until the year 1757; when dying, the gentleman next named, was chosen as 
 his successor. 
 
 N.B. — Mr. Bolton leaving his family in some degree of want, the parish for 
 several years generously allowed his daughters a decent pension. 
 
 Humphrey Elmes, who had been clerk to Mr. Bolton, was chosen vestry clerk Humphrey 
 " in the stead of his said late master," at an increased salary, (for which he 
 agreed to include certain extra parish business.) He was succeeded by Herbert 
 Mr. Herbert Robertson. Robertson. 
 
 P. S. — Thus far the Author had prepared his copy before the illnesses which 
 terminated his life. — It may not be improper to add. That Mr. William 
 Robertson was, in June 1790, appointed Vestry Clerk in conjunction with 
 Mr. Herbert Robertson. On the 27th August 1800, Mr. William Robertson is 
 stated to be Vestry Clerk, and heir at law of the late Mr. Herbert Robertson. — 
 Mr. William Robertson died in 1814, and was succeeded by our Author ; on. 
 whose death, in September of the present year, Mr. Earle was appointed to 
 this office. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 j^LDEWYCH, the Saxon name given to the 
 land on both sides of Drury-lane, (which was 
 antiently called the " Via de Aldewych," ) 
 loo, 102; more particular description of, no, 
 113 to 115, and 130 to - . - . . 13^ 
 
 — Campum de, (or Oldwick Close), account 
 
 of, 134 to 138 
 
 Alexander (Pope,) his confimatory Bull to Hos- 
 pital, 9 to 11 
 
 Alleys; notices as to some of the principal ones, 
 antiently and at present in parish, viz. Can- 
 ter's, 125, 128; Whitcombe's, 134; Thornton, 
 Partridge, and Turnstile, Alleys, 145; Tich- 
 borne, 150; Flower's, ibid.; Dixon's, and 
 Eagle and Child, 152; Paviours, 127; Grey- 
 hound and Swan, Alleys, 127 and 128; 
 Sharper's, 127; Little Alley, 155 ; Grid- 
 "■on 149 
 
 Alms; custom of collecting them for Lazar-houses, 
 in a clap dish, 5 ; enumeration of those given 
 to Hospital before Henry II ... Q 
 See " Hospital Possessions." 
 
 — Houses; Strype's account of, their original and 
 
 present situation, &c. 233 ; further particu- 
 lars relating to, 321 to 324 
 
 Ancasler, or Lindsey-house, account of - - 250 
 
 — duke of, a parishioner 1770; account of, see 
 
 " Ancaster House.'' 
 
 Apothecary, (the parish,) turned out of his place 
 for dismembering the dead body of a pauper, 
 and declaration of vestry thereon - - 285 
 
 Ashley, sir Anthony, a parishioner 1623; account 
 of, and of his son-in-law sir John Cooper, 
 ancestor of the earls of Shaftesbury .- 354 
 
 B. 
 
 Babington, account of his plot, and execution for, 
 in Picket's Field, 255-56 ; further particulars 
 as to...... "^ 
 
 ----... 230 
 
 Baguley, Wm. his intrusion into the ministry as 
 a preacher in Queen-etreet chapel . . 23a 
 
 Bainbridge, Wm. an eminent parishioner, temp. 
 
 Car. II, gave name to Bainbridge.stieet, 152; 
 
 leaves money for building a gallery in church, 
 
 ibid.; further account of .... 204 
 
 See " Galleries." 
 
 Bath, the earl of, (a parishioner in 1640,) account 
 
 „ °l 348 
 
 Batt, Frances, her gift to poor .... 308 
 
 Bayley, Anthony, his gift to poor of a rent-charee 
 from Turnstile tavern ..... 30^ 
 
 Beadks ; chiefly employed formerly in preventing 
 introduction of strange poor, and vestry orders 
 concerning, 283; allowance yearly for their 
 dress ibid. 
 
 — (Assistant one;) Giles Hanson appointed to the 
 
 situation of, to search out " new comers," 302 
 Bedford Chapel, account of - - - - - 232 
 
 Beggars, or vagrants ; droll names of some of 
 the autient ones in parish, and entries of relief 
 &c. to--------- 303-4 
 
 Bells; the, in antient Hospital Church - 191 
 
 — Ditto, in second Church, 203 and - - 204 
 Bertie, hon. Robert, his gift to poor, 309 ; account 
 
 . *'f 377 
 
 Bigge, alderman and churchwarden iu 1617; ac- 
 count of ......... 3gy 
 
 — Major Walter, churchwarden 1645; account 
 "f 358 
 
 — Mr. Sheriff, ditto in 1646 ; account of - 359 
 Blake, {Mr.) a former benefactor to parish; ordered 
 
 by vestry to have money to release him from 
 prison, 312; further as to - - . - 31^ 
 Blemund, William, or Blenionte, lord of the manor 
 of Blemondsbury or Rloomsbury, 155, 342; 
 anniversary obit for, in St. Giles's Hospital 
 Church ---..-.... 56 
 
 iSee below. 
 Bloomsbvry ; its situation, and how antiently de. 
 scribed; progress of building on, &c. 
 '50 to 159 
 
 — Manor, 328 to-------- 333 
 
 Bloo/nsbury ; 
 
INDEX. 
 
 4»5 
 
 Bloomshury ; Church and parish ; account of the 
 erection and formation of, 333 to 340; sciie 
 of church, 335 ; described as a building, '233 ; 
 boundaries of the parish, 336 to 338 ; further 
 particulars as to parish, and its churchyard, 
 
 340 
 
 — Vestry, disputes of, with St. Giles's vestry 
 
 on its first appointment, 277 and 278; settle- 
 ment of their differences, and become a joint 
 vestry --.----.-- i-jg 
 
 — Square and market ------- 157 
 
 — Chapel -------..-231 
 
 Blundi, Hugh de, an antient landholder so 
 
 named ---------- 343 
 
 Borde, Dr. Andrew, a resident on part of Hos- 
 pital site, 52-3 ; biographical account of, 346 
 
 Boswell, Margaret, her gift to poor - - 308 
 
 Boundaries ; conjectures as to the original boun- 
 daries, extent, &c. of parish, 98 ; particular 
 account of, containing the antient names, and 
 descriptions of various places mentioned in 
 the Hospital deeds, &c. and including ac- 
 counts of Colman's-hedge, Merslade, Longe- 
 mere, and other places in Westminster 
 Fields ; Elm-close or Long-acre ; Covent- 
 garden, via de Aldewych, or Drury-lane ; St. 
 Clements part of Oldwirk-close ; Barram 
 de Holburne, Gray's-inn and lied Lion-fields, 
 Ficket's-field, &c. with the remarkable build- 
 ings,modern streets,&c.on their scites, names 
 of possessors of land ; contests respecting, 
 and other particulars, 160 to . - - 189 
 Further entries from parish books, as to 
 perambulations of - - - - - 291 
 
 Bristol, the earl of, a parishioner reg. Car. II ; 
 account of--------- 363 
 
 British Museum ; see " Montague House." 
 
 " Brothers and Sisters ;" what part of Hospital 
 establishment so called, and account of, 40-50 
 
 Bro'senlow, sir John ; account of, and of his house 
 and garden on site of Brownlow-street, 
 129 and --------- 247 
 
 Building ; different eras of building in parish, and 
 places first built on, 106-7; remarks on, and 
 on the general style of their architecture, 108; 
 acts of parliament restraining - 106 (note) 
 
 Buildings, (distinguished ones,) antiently and at 
 present in parish; account of, viz. Church, 
 &c. igoto 226; buildings for confinement, 
 punishment, &c. 227 to 231 ; chapels and 
 places of worship, 231 to 233; charitable 
 establishments, 233 and 234; places of 
 amusement, 234 to 236 ; inns and houses of 
 entertainment, 237 to 243 ; mansions of nobi- 
 lity and gentry, 24310 ----- 251 
 
 Burial grounds ; account of the workhouse burial 
 ground, 289; ditto, of the new burial ground, 
 
 Pancras --- ibid. 
 
 See further, " Giles, St. Church Yard." 
 
 — Funerals in, regulations and entries as to, 289, 
 and --.----.---. 290 
 
 Burton, his account of the nature of leprosy 2 
 
 Burton St. Lazar, the head hospital in England 
 for lepers ; account of, and of its connection 
 with St. Giles's, 3; its seal, 3 and 38; sub- 
 jection to St. Lazarus of J erusalem denied, 3 ; 
 grant of, &c. to lord Lisle, 33 ; its amount, 
 value, &c. at the dissolution - - - J^g 
 
 Butler, John, gift to poor of rent-charge from 
 estate in St. Sepulchre's parish - - 309 
 
 Byram, lady, a parishioner, reg. Car. H ; account 
 of 380 
 
 C. 
 
 Canterbury, archbishop of; his visitation of hos- 
 pital, 20 ; ludicrous account of his treat- 
 ment of the canons of St. Bartholomew the 
 Great, Smithfield - - . - ibid, (note) 
 
 Carew; effects of the leprosy in Cornwall, as de- 
 scribed by --------- 2 
 
 — Wymonde, purchaser of hospital site, &c. from 
 
 lord Lisle, and patron of St. Giles's rectory, 
 35-6 ; account of, 346 ; presents the first rec- 
 tor on Newcourt's list ----- 354 
 Carter, Henry, his gift to poor - - . - 309 
 Cellars ; great harbour.s for Irish and other strange 
 poor, flocking into parish, 301 ; almost pecu- 
 liar to St. Giles's ------ ibid. 
 
 — Mates, residents in cellars in this parish, so 
 
 called ---------- 301 
 
 Chapman, (poet,) his monument in St. Giles's 
 churchyard -------- 223 
 
 Charily schools ; what and where situate, 234 ; 
 and 324 to ...-.--- 328 
 
 Chapels, and extra places of worship; account of 
 the different ones, formerly and at present in 
 this parish, viz. Southampton chapel, 231 ; 
 Queen-street chapel, 231-2; Reed's meeting 
 house, 231; Capper's ditto, 291; Bedford 
 chapel, &c. 232 ; further particulars as to, 390 
 Church, St. Giles's ; see " Giles St." 
 Churchwarden ; their duties, &c. as antiently set 
 forth, and eniries from vestry minutes as to 
 regulation of, 280 and 281; bequest to buy 
 them goans, '/81; list of, from 1617 to 
 1761, 41] and -..-..- 412 
 
 , Charles 
 
4i6 
 
 I N D E X. 
 
 Charles II; state of parish as to building, in his 
 reign, 107; ringing at his restoration - 203 
 
 Chesterfield, earls of; parishioners, &c. resident 
 in Bloomsbury-square ; account of the 348 
 
 Chicheley, sir Thomas, a parishioner, 1680; ac- 
 count of --------- 3yg 
 
 • Cleansing; first mention of scavengers for parish, 
 295; act of parliament obtained for regularly 
 cleansing the streets ; agreements and regu- 
 lations as to, and other particulars - ibid. 
 See also " Scavengers." 
 Clerk, an officer of hospital ; account of - 40 
 Clement, St. Danes; hospital estate in parish of, 
 
 6, 7, 8 
 
 Clideroue, sir Robert de, an antient parishioner 
 so named -.-..---- 343 
 
 Clifton, sir Gervase, a parishioner, temp. Car. I ; 
 account of --------- 34.8 
 
 — lady, a parishioner, 1680; account of 379-80 
 Cuckpil and Phoenix theatre, situation ; conjec- 
 tures as to date of its first erection, 234 ; 
 mentioned as contributing towards rebuilding 
 church in 1623, 235; entries of payments 
 from it to parish, ibid. ; its history, 235-6 ; 
 miscellaneous entries respecting, 236 ; pays 
 two-pence per day to poor while playing, ibid. 
 
 Cock and Pye; an antient public-house which gave 
 name to Cock and Pye-fields; account of 241 
 
 — Ditch; antiently called Marshland ditch, 101 ; 
 
 when first called Cock and I'ye ditch, 120; 
 entries as to, and indictment against parish 
 concerning; extract from report of a session 
 of sewers, temp. Car. 11, &c. 121 (^note) ; 
 account of arching it over, with particulars 
 of the expence, &c. - - - 122-3 (note) 
 Caiman's Hedge, (Colmanne's hege;) an estate of 
 hospital in St. Giles's parish; its tranter to 
 Henry VIII ---.,--. 31 
 
 — Field ibid. 
 
 Communion ; complaint as to money collected at 
 
 Capper's meeting at the, being detained from 
 the poor, 291 ; receipt for money collected 
 at the, at countess of South'ton's chapel for 
 poor --.---.... 
 
 — Cup; account of a rich gold one, formerly be- 
 
 longing to parish ; see " Church Goods." 
 Conduit Close ; an estate of hospital in St. Giles's 
 
 parish ; its transfer to Henry VIII - 31 
 Co;»e, sir Walter; mortgage of St. Giles's manor 
 
 to 
 
 331 
 
 — sir John, a parishioner, 1721 ; accountof 391 
 
 — Isabella, (marries lord Rich,) and conveys 
 
 manor of St. Giles to, 331 - - . - 3^^ 
 
 — lady Catharine, 353 - - - 7 - - 355 
 
 Cotton, Alan ; a parishioner, temp. Car, I. ; ac- 
 count of, 346; sir John Cotton - - '353 
 
 Coventry, lord keeper ; a parishioner here, temp. 
 Car. I.; accountof, 350; ditto, of Thomas, 
 lord, his son ---.-... i4,,/_ 
 
 Covent Garden, antiently mentioned in hospital 
 deeds, as land of the abbots of Westminster; 
 its state in after times, and formation into 
 a parish, 170 ; lease from earl of Redford of, 
 (1631) 171 
 
 Act 12 Car. II, for making the precinct 
 parochial ---..-. jAf,/. 
 
 Courts; Dudley, 116; Lloyd's, jftjrf ; Neale's, 124; 
 Greyhound, 127, 129; Bull-head, i34;Cock- 
 pit, 138 ; Holford, (now Stewart's rents,) 138 ; 
 Monmouth and Gregory, 150; Pargiter's, 
 ibid.; Sugar-loaf .-...- ^ot 
 
 Couper, sir William, unites with other proprietors 
 to build and layout Lincoln's-in-fields, 142-3, 
 
 146 
 
 Crewe, sir John, a parishioner in 1670 ; account 
 
 .°f 37+ 
 
 Christematse ; account of the family of, (antient 
 parishioners) -----... 34,3 
 
 Croche Hose ; one of the earliest inns in parish ; 
 account of----.-... 237 
 Cummins, Elizabeth ; her gift to poor - . 308 
 Custodes, (guardians of hospital ;) account of, 41 ; 
 names ar.d particulars of the principal ones, 
 viz. Andrew le Uclose, Andrew Bockerel, 
 Thorn, (le Harvyle, and W illiam Hardell, 43 ; 
 Nicholas Bat, Adam de Basings, 44; sir Gre- 
 gory de Ilokesley, sir Ralph Eswy, and Wal- 
 ter Herny ---...... jj 
 
 D. 
 
 Danvers, Wriotliesley, his gift in 1618 to poor, 
 of an estate at Raynham - - - - 307 
 
 D'Avenant, sir William ; rents and performs at 
 Cockpit play-house, 235 ; builds the Duke's 
 theatre, Beai-yard ------ ibid. 
 
 De Foe ; his interesting account of the plague of 
 1665, 259 264-5 
 
 Peering, sir Edward; a parishioner 1680; ac- 
 count of --------- 378 
 
 Dervientwater (Earl of,) his temporary interment 
 
 in Si. Giles's churchyard - - . - 225 
 
 Digby (Sir Kenelm,) a parishioner, temp. Car. I. 
 
 353 
 
 See " Bristol." 
 
 Divisions (Parish,) artificial divisions ; their 
 number, and what portions of parish ihey 
 comprehended at dilTerent periods, 109; 
 
 natural 
 
INDEX. 
 
 4*7 
 
 natural ditto, adopted in describing parish in 
 this work -------- log-io 
 
 Dooniiday Book ; antient parish record so called; 
 account of, 194; explanation of the term 
 doomsday, ib. (note). 
 
 Drury-lane, anliently called Via de Aldewych, or 
 Aldewych road, 113; its appearance in re- 
 mote times, and account of the cross and con- 
 duit which faced its north end, 1 14; its state 
 in the reign of Elizabeth, 115; origin of its 
 present name, and account of the parishioners 
 and inhabitants there in the reign of Charles 
 I, 173 and 251; viz. sir John Cooper, sir 
 Edmund Lenthall, sir John Sydnam, sir 
 Lewis Tresham, lady Margaret Brocas, sir 
 Francis Kynaston, sir Anthony Bugg, lady 
 Henidge, lady Buncombe, sir Gilbert Hough- 
 ton, sir Thomas Finch, sir Anthony Henton, 
 sir Edward Peto, lady Lambert, sir John 
 Cotton, 351 and 352; lady Jacobs, 173; sir 
 Lewis Lewknor, 173 and 353; sir Anthony 
 Ashley 354 
 
 — fl^ouje, account of, and of its founder, sir William 
 
 Drury, 172-3; further described - - 245 
 
 — sir Henry, joint owner of Oldwicb Close with 
 
 Henry Holford, 135 ----- - 175 
 
 Drinm (Drury,) an antient parishioner and land- 
 holder ---------- 3i).3 
 
 Dudley, Duke of Northumberland. See " Lisle." 
 
 — jilice, duchess, 52-3, n6; stone over north 
 
 gale of churchyard, commemorating her libe- 
 rality in rebuilding church, 195; further 
 particulars as to, 197; her gift of plate and 
 ornaments to church, 199, 200, and 201 ; 
 inscription in old church to her memory, 
 containing particulars of her birth, family, 
 connections, charities, &c. 225 ; extract 
 from her will, as to gift of parsonage- 
 house, 226-7 ; her bequest to almshouses, 
 307; extract from patent creating her a 
 duchess, 361 to 363; her death and funeral, 
 363; character -------361 
 
 — sir Robert, (husband of the above,) biographi- 
 
 cal account of, 345; further particulars, 361 
 
 — House, the original hospital mansion, 52 and 
 
 243 ; notices as to the residence there of loid 
 
 Lisle, duchess Dudley, lord Wharton, &c. 244 
 
 Dyot, Richard, an eminent parishioner, temp. 
 
 Car. H, gave name to Dyot-street, 247 and 
 
 383 
 
 — Philip, (son of the above, and alsoaparishoner,) 
 
 account of, 247 and ----- ggg 
 
 ~- House, account of, and of its giving name to 
 
 Dyot-stieet -------- 247 
 
 — further account of Dyot-street - - - 153 
 
 E. 
 
 Edward I, king, his precept to mayor, &e. of Lon- 
 don, commanding him to assist in recover- 
 ing hospital rents, 12 ; ditto appointing 
 GeofferyDe Birston master of hospital, 13, 14 
 
 — II, king, his grant as to hospital estate at 
 
 Feltham, 14, 15; his exemption uf hospital 
 from farming of strangers, &c. - - ~ 16 
 
 — Ill, king, his confirmatory charter to hospital, 
 
 17; second ditto, and grant of additional 
 privileges, 17, 18 ; precept to the mayor, &c. 
 of London, as to voiding lepers from the city, 
 and to admit certain of them into hospital, 18; 
 grant of hospital to Burton St. Lazar, 18, 19; 
 writ of inquirj' as to disorders at hospital, 
 
 19. 20 
 
 — IV, king, mention of hospital in an act of his 
 
 reign ---------- 27 
 
 — VI, number of " houseling people" in the 
 
 parish in his reign ------ gg 
 
 Elizabeth, queen, state of parish in early part of 
 her reign, 99, 105 ------ 106 
 
 Edmonton (Fdelmeton,) hospital estate at, 32; 
 described to be a granary, and granted to 
 William de Dernford ------ 59 
 
 Egerton, major-general, a parishioner, 1680 ; ac- 
 count of ..---_--- 380 
 
 Elephantiasis, the leprosy so called by the Greeks, 
 and why --------- 2 
 
 Enjield, lady Elizabeth, a parishioner, temp. 
 Car. I 352 
 
 Erwiii, lady, &c. a parishioner, reg. Car. II; ac- 
 count of -------- 374-5 
 
 Eustace, bishop of London, his confirmation of the 
 church of Feltham to hospital - - - 6 
 
 Evelyn, Mr. Extracts from his diary as to Seven 
 Dials, 123-4; account of the original Mon- 
 tague house, 245; ditto of its burning, 246 
 
 Exeter, Dorset, atid Devon, countesses of, pa- 
 rishioners, reg. Car. II, account of - 364 
 
 F. 
 
 Feltham, gift of, &c. to St. Giles's, 6 ; mention of 
 in charter Eoward II, 15; charter Edward 
 II, to stop up a way at, 14; its transfer to 
 Henry VIII 31 
 
 Tickets Fields, variously spelt in old deeds, 139 ; 
 passages descriptive of, from the play of sir 
 John Oldcastle ------ 254-5 
 
 Fitzstephen, his description of north-west suburbs 
 of London, (which included St. Giles's,) tern p. 
 Henry II, --------- 104 
 
 3 H Fielding, 
 
41? 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Fielding, Henry, his account of the state of va- 
 grant poor in St. Giles's in 1751 - - 305 
 
 Fines, oflcnces, miscellaneous entries as to - 270 
 
 Fires, fire engine, &c. ordfr in 1639, to provide 
 a parish engine ; yearly allowance for look- 
 ing after it ; and as to watchmen assisting at 
 fires, 958 ; new engine to be bought, and fire 
 plugs, fire cocks, &c. to be provided - ib. 
 
 Flitcroft, Henry, architect, contract with, and 
 specification of particulars for building pre- 
 sent St. Giles's church, 211 to - - - 215 
 
 Framptun, Dr. his sernaon at St. Giles's church, 273 
 
 G. 
 
 Galleries, bishop of London's leave to be obtained 
 for erection of in church, 203; JMr. Bain- 
 bridge's gift of 300/. for builoing of, 204; 
 further particulars as to galleries, t6. and 211 
 
 Gallows, account of, set up anew for execution of 
 sir John Oldcaslle; manner of his death on, 
 &c. 230; Babington's execution there, temp. 
 Elizabeth ---_..... qqj 
 
 Gamlin, madam, a parishioner, reg. Geo. I. ac- 
 count of ---....._ 301 
 
 Gardens, Short's, 128; Brownlow, 129; Mul- 
 berry, ib.; Great Garden, 125, 126; Cotterell, 
 181; the hospital, 58 and - - , . 5g 
 
 Giles, St. hospital of; historical particulars as 
 to, viz. when and by whom founded, 1 ; ac- 
 count of St. Giles, its patron saint, 1 and 2 ; 
 nearly the earliest of its kind in London, 3 ; 
 number on the establishment, and original 
 endowment, &c. for, 5, 25, 26 ; increase of 
 its revenue, 6; Henry Hd's charter to, 6, 7; 
 bull of pope Alexander to, 9,10, 11; first and 
 second charters of Edward 1 to, 12, 13 ; Ed- 
 ward lid's charter to, 14; second charter to, 
 16 ; its great acquisition of property in reign 
 of Edward I and II, i6 ; Edward Illd's char- 
 ter of confirmation, &c. 16, 17; precept as 
 to lepers, 18; Grant of hospital to Burton 
 St. Lazar, ibid. ; writ ad inquirendum as to 
 violences committed at, 19,20; consequences 
 of its sale to Burton St. Lazar, 21; Richard 
 lid's confirmatory charter, ib. ; ditto of Henry 
 IV, and pleadings before, as to hospital, 22 ; 
 reciting Richard lid's gift of custody of hos- 
 pital to different persons, and other particulars 
 as to, 22 to 26 ; Henry Vth's and Vlth's con- 
 firmatory charters, 26; Edward IV farms 
 certain of his menial servants on liospital, ib. ; 
 sale of an estate of hospital in London, by 
 master of Burton, temp. Henry VH, a proof 
 
 of its lost importance, 28; title of hospital 
 to seven houses at Holborn bars, 29 ; ex- 
 change with Henry VIH, by Thomas Rat- 
 cliffe, master of Burton, &c. 29 to 32; disso- 
 lution of, 32; grant of hospital and its estate 
 to lord Lisle, 33 ; licence to lord Lisle to 
 convey hospital, and description of, and its 
 precincts, 35, 36; reflections on fall of hos- 
 pital, 36 and 37 ; " St Giles's Bowl," hos- 
 pital seal, &c. 38; hospital estates in St. 
 Giles's parish, what exchangedand whatomit- 
 ted, 32; Its Possessions; account of them 
 in St. Giles's, with a Plan, and in other 
 parishes and places, 60 to 92. As to its 
 government and officers account of, viz. mas- 
 ters, or wardens, 39 ; clerk, receiver, messen- 
 ger, brothers and sisters, &c. 40; custodes, 
 41; chronological list and particulars of its 
 masters, wardens, custodes, &c. from iioi 
 to 1538, 42 to 49; see heads, " Masters, 
 Wardens, Custodes," &c.; further observa- 
 tions on its government, 50. Hospital build- 
 ings, &c. account of; viz. site and quantity of 
 ground it originally occupied, 51 to 54; prin- 
 cipal mansion, afterwards Dudley-house, 52 ; 
 gate house, &c. ib, ; Dr. Borde's messuage, 53 ; 
 account of hospital church, (including that of 
 parish,) how divided, &c. with view and plan 
 of, 53 and 54. Anniversary obits, 54 to 57 ; 
 chaplains, chauntry priests, &c. 57; hospital 
 gardens, how enclosed, &c. and plan of, 58 
 and 59 ; chronological table of events at, 
 93 96 
 
 Giles, St. Church, demolition of it in 1623, and 
 architectural description, 191 10192; second 
 parish church, preparations for building of, 
 benefactions to, and proceedings respecting, 
 till its completion and consecration in 1630, 
 193 to 200; transactions relative to, after 
 its rebuilding, till 1642, and description of its 
 interior, fitting up, ornaments, &c. with ac- 
 count of its being despoiled of its ornaments 
 by the Puritans, and amount and appropria- 
 tion of the money produced by sale of, 200 
 to 203; re-embellished at Restoration, 203; 
 repairs and additions to, &c. till 1716,203-5 ; 
 view and description of second church, 206; 
 miscellaneous entries as to - - - - 285 
 
 — {Present) or third ditto — decay of second 
 church, and " Reasons" for building a new 
 one, 207-1 1 ; parliament petitioned as to, its 
 proceedings thereon, and act granted to re- 
 build, 209-1 1 ; further proceedings as to, on 
 building Bloomsbury church, and contract 
 with the architect, Mr. Flitcroft, as also his 
 specification how same should be built, &c. 
 
 211-213; 
 
1 N D 
 
 411-213; expence of rebuilding, 213; and 
 architectural description, 214; cost of beau- 
 tifying it in 1820, 286 ; ancient monuments, 
 &c. in second church, 218 to - - - 222 
 
 — Yard, historical particulars of, and of the ori- 
 
 ginal, or hospital walls, surrounding it, 214; 
 Mr. Speckart'i gift of ground to enlarge it, 
 and privilege granted him in consequence, 
 215; further enlargement of by sir Richard 
 Stiddolph's ground, with a description of, 
 215—16; additional particulars, 288-9; its 
 Gates, viz. — " Resurrection Gate," 217; 
 West Gate, ibid. ; Brown's garden gate, 
 218 and 288; Blue gate, 288; burials and 
 monuments in, 218 10 226; miscellaneous 
 entries respecting churchyard, and other bu- 
 rial grounds, 288 to- - - - - - 290 
 
 — Goods, rich gifts of plate, ornaments, &c. of 
 
 lady Dudley to church in 1630, 20 J ; gold 
 communion cup added to the communion 
 plate, but stolen, 205 ; purchase of new organ, 
 vestry table, &c. ibid. ; miscellaneous entiies 
 as to, 285 to 287; hour-glass - - - 203 
 
 — Worship, vestry orders and regulations for 
 
 better conducting of, ..... 287 
 
 — Giles's St. bowl, custom of - - - - 38 
 
 — (light) in hospital church, gift towards main- 
 
 taining of .--.----.54 
 
 Gibson, Dr. preaches for the lectureship of pa- 
 rish -....--.-. 273 
 
 Goodfellow, madam, a parishioner, reg. Geo. I, 
 account of-------.- 39a 
 
 Goate on the Hope, an estate of hospital in 
 Cheapside ..--.--.-28 
 
 Grantham, colonel, a parishioner in 1646, ac- 
 count of --...-.-. 355 
 
 Gregory, Richard, the scite purchased of him for 
 building present workhouse - - 318-19 
 
 Griffith Field, a part of Oldwick Close, so called 
 formerly, 276 and .---.- 292 
 
 ,H. 
 
 Hale, Thomas de la, an antient landholder in pa- 
 rish 343 
 
 Harris, Thomas, (high constable,) his agreement 
 with vestry as to parish watch - - 296 
 
 Hanson, Giles, chosen assistant beadle, to find 
 out new comers, inmates, &c. - - - 302 
 
 Headboroughs and constables ; number of con- 
 stables in different years, 282 ; names of 
 high constables -------- ib. 
 
 Henry II, king, bis charter to hospital - 6, 7 
 
 E X. 419 
 
 Henry TV, king, his confirmatory charter to hos- 
 pital, 21 ; account of pleadings in his reign, 
 as to custody of, 22 to . . - - . 26 
 
 — V, and VI, their confirmatory charters to hos- 
 
 pital 26, 27 
 
 — VII, reduced state of hospital in his reign 28 
 
 — VIII, proceedings as to hospital in his reign, 
 
 98 to 37, viz. inquest as to estates of, at 
 Uolborn bars, 29 ; exchange of hospital 
 estates to, 31, 32; his grant of hospital, &c. 
 to lord Lis-le, 33, 34; licence to convey 
 same, 35, 36 ; reflections on his rapacity and 
 injustice 36, 37 
 
 Herbert, lord (of Chirbury), account of, and of his 
 family, parishioners here - - - - 349 
 
 — honourable Mr. ---...- 35^ 
 
 — madam Elizabeth (1695) .... 391 
 Heywood, Dr. (rector) ; charge against by pa- 
 rishioners of St. Ciiles's - ... - 267 
 
 Heston, hospital estate at, 10; its transfer to 
 lien. VIII 31 
 
 Highways, the ; particulars as to the paving, 
 cleansing, watching, and lighting of, 292 to 
 298. See heads " Paving, Cleansing," &c. 
 
 Hogarth; satirises St. Giles's in several of his 
 prints, 117 303-305 
 
 ^o/t(yr«, hospital estate at, 6, 7, 9, lo; title of 
 hospital to seven houses at, 29 ; its state as 
 to building, temp. Eliz. 140 ; Holborn cross, 
 181; manor house of, 149 - - - - 187 
 
 — Bars, and lands next to, 144 - - - 181 
 Holborne, lady Anne, daughter of duchess Dudley, 
 
 and a parishioner, account of - - 376-7 
 Holford, Henry, an eminent parishioner and be- 
 nefactor to St. Giles's, extract from his will 
 as to the Priuce's-street estate, 135 - 346 
 
 — Richard, his gift to poor, 136; further ac- 
 
 count of the family of - - - • 375- 6 
 
 Holland, Richard, lord, lord of St. Giles's manor, 
 
 account of--------- 347 
 
 Hospitals, account of different ones for lepers, 
 viz. St. Giles, London; St James, ditto; 
 Burton St. Lazar, Leicestershire ; St. La- 
 zarus at .lernsalem ; Careton ; Wyndliam 
 Chapel, Norfolk ; Holy Innocents, near Lin- 
 coln, &c. --------- 2 
 
 Houses, nature of the dwellings, &c. here in the 
 early times of the hospital, with the names 
 and professions of some of their inhabitants, 
 103, 344. See also in account of hospital 
 possession, 63 to 84. See also further, under 
 head '■ First Buildings," 106 to 108; as 
 3 11 2 to 
 
420 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 to their increase and numbers at different 
 periods, remarks on, &c. - . - - 108 
 
 Uucks, William, a parishioner here and of Blooms- 
 bury parish, reg. Geo. I - - - - 392-3 
 
 Jiulcup, Robert, his legacy to poor - - - 309 
 
 I. 
 
 Jnns and houses of entertainment ; account of the 
 most celebrated antienl ones in parish, viz. 
 Croche hose, and Swan on the hop, 237 ; 
 White hart, 237 ; Rose, Vine, and Tot- 
 ten hall, 239 ; Maidenhead, 240 ; Turnstile 
 tavern, 240-1 ; Cock and pye, and Crown, 
 241 ; the Bowl, and Black jack, &c. 242-3 
 
 Interments. See " Monuments." 
 
 Ingram, s\t Arthur, a parishioner in 1646; ac- 
 count of -..------ 356 
 
 Irish, aliens, &c. See as to intruduction of, in 
 this parish, and other particulars respecting, 
 under head " Poor." 
 
 JsZewortA,(Islleworde,) hospital estate at, 6, 7, 9, 10 
 
 Irery (or Overy,) Bartliolomew, his gift of an 
 
 estate in Westminster to poor - - - 309 
 
 J. 
 
 Jacobs, lady, a resident in Drury-lanc, lemp. Jac. I, 
 droll anecdote of her and Gondamor - 173 
 
 Jones, sir Thomas, a parishioner, 1680, account 
 of 378 
 
 — Inigo, employed to lay out Lincoln's Inn-fields, 
 141, 147 to 148; builds Covent-garden and 
 its church, 170 ------- 250 
 
 K. 
 
 Kirkehy, William de, (master of hospital) liis 
 estate in St. Giles's parish ... - 329 
 
 Kneller, sir Godfrey, a parishioner, 1717; ac- 
 count of --------- 389 
 
 L. 
 
 Lanes ; account of the following, viz. Lewknor's, 
 132; Lane (Le), 36, 58; Parker's, 133; 
 St. Thomas's, ibid. ; Drury, see " Driiry ;" 
 Hog-lane, (formerly " Eldestrate," or " Old- 
 street," HI - 118 
 
 Landholders, names, &c. of anticnt landholders, 
 and particulars of their estates in parish, 
 101-2 ; and 63 to ------- 84 
 
 Langham, sir Stephen, account of, and of sir 
 James Langham, &c. parishioners, reg. 
 Car. U 373 
 
 Lambert, Dr. thanks voted for his sermon in St. 
 Giles's church ------- 2^3 
 
 Lateran, council of, their decree as to lepers, 3 
 
 Lecturers, curates, &c. account of, the following, 
 viz. Arthur Molyne, Mr. Goddard, Thomas 
 Case, 407; Mr. Slaughter, Mr. Hore, Robert 
 Osbaldeston, 408 ; Messrs. Hughes, Ivery, 
 or Kenel, Richard Leach, Thomas Knaggs, 
 409; Mr. Riddle, Mr. Smith, Mr. Sellon, Mr, 
 Elisha Faulkner, Mr. John Shepherd, 410 
 
 Leech, rev. Richard ; his gift of estate in Plum- 
 tree-street to found charity schools, 310, 327 
 
 7j€^ff, Roger, indicted temp. Edw. Ill, for placing 
 " caltrappes," a destructive engine, in Lin- 
 coln's-inn- fields - - - - - - -140 
 
 Leicester, the earl of, a parishioner 1680; account 
 of 369 
 
 Lennox, duchess of, a parishioner and benefac- 
 tress, temp. Car. I ; account of - - 348 
 
 Lemon sxiA Pullaston, ladies, parishioners 1717; 
 account of .--------391 
 
 Ltland; his account of foundation of hospital, 1-2 
 
 Leprosy; its origin, and how described, 2 ; sup- 
 posed introduction into England, ibid. ; foun- 
 dations for its relief, 3 ; extinction at present, 
 and why -.-.-.-.- 4. 
 
 Lepers; first mention, &c. of, and loathsome 
 appearance, 2 ; excluded from society, 3; 
 legal disabilities of, 4; number, &c. of, in 
 St. Giles's hospital, and how provided for, 5 ; 
 commanded by proclamation to quit London, 
 18; Hugh Orivalle, bishop of London, 
 (•075); a confirmed one ----- 3 
 
 Leveson, lady Catherine, daughter of duchess Dud- 
 ley, a parishioner (1674) ; account of 377 
 
 Lcrcknor, sir Lewis -.-.--. 353 
 
 L'Estrauge, sir Roger, a benefactor, and buried 
 in church ; account of - - - - - 393 
 
 Lighting; antiquity of, and regulations respecting, 
 &c. 297 ; vestry minute as to, in this 
 parish -- ..------ 298 
 
 Lisle, Dudley, lord, (afterwards duke of Northum- 
 berland,) gram of hospital to, 33-4 ; sells it 
 to Wymond Carewe, 35-6; 244; further 
 particulars of ..--.- 344-5 
 
 Littleton, lady, a parishioner, 1680; account 
 of - - - - - 379 
 
 Lincoln's -Win; when first so called, and its state 
 and appearance, temp. Eliz. 140; a public 
 promenade in reg. Edw. Ill, and account of 
 one Roger Legett committing annoyances 
 
 there, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 42* 
 
 tViere, ib.; progress of building on, 141 ; fur- 
 ' iher improvements and I. uildin^s on, 142-3; 
 plans for adorning in 1698, 143; degene- 
 rated state of, temp. Geo. II, 145^; ugain 
 laid out as a square, 147; parliamentary regu- 
 lations respecting, 146-8 (note); described 
 
 148 
 Lollards; their meeting in Picket's fields, St. Giles's, 
 temp. Henry V, 27 ; further account of, and 
 of their dispersion, &c. 252 to 254; see " Sir 
 John Oldcastle." 
 Long-acre, (antiently Elm-close;) particular de- 
 scription of its antient state, from a survey 
 in augmentation office, 166 to - - - 169 
 
 M. ■ 
 
 Maidenhead, (Dyot-street ;) its antiquity, 240 ; its 
 respectability, temp. Car. II; now a noted 
 baunt for beggars, &c. ----- 16. 
 
 Maillards, hospital at Lincoln so called, and how 
 connected with St. Giles's hospital - 27 
 
 Maitland; his conjectures on endowment of hos- 
 pital -----.-----5 
 
 Mandeville, Geoffery de, a witness to Henry II's 
 charter ---------- 7 
 
 Mansions of nobility and gentry; viz, Dudley- 
 house, 243-4; Southampton -house, 244; 
 Warwick-house, 245; Drury-house, ibid.; 
 Montague-house, 245-6 ; Thanet-house, 246 ; 
 Dyot-house, 247 ; Weld-hcuse, 247 to 249 ; 
 Newcastle-house, 245; Paulet-house, 250; 
 Louch-house, C heslerfield- house, &c. - 251 
 
 Marshland, (Merslade,) an estate of hospital in, 31 
 See " Seven Dials." 
 
 March, the earl of, (a parishioner in 1683 ;) ac- 
 count of --------- 347 
 
 Marriot, Mr. his proposals for managing poor in 
 new work- house, 318; appointed first master 
 of 321 
 
 Matilda, (or Maud,) queen Henry I. ; founds St. 
 Giles's hospital, 1 ; substance of her charter, 
 5 and 25 ; further mention of, 6, 10, 32, 328 
 
 Masters, or wardens of hospital ; account of, and 
 of the first supposed to have filled that office, 
 39 ; sometimes held other places with hos- 
 pital, ibid. ; chronological list and particu- 
 lars of, from its foundation to its dissolu- 
 tion, including accounts of the following per- 
 sons, viz. Johannes Capellanus (1101,) 42; 
 Ralph, son of Ade (1186,) ibid. ; dom. VVil- 
 lielmus Capellanus {1212,) 39 and 42; doiii. 
 Rogerus de Clare (1223,) 42 ; dom. Walterus 
 Capellanus (1230,) 43; Magr. Willmo de 
 
 Kirkes (1253,) ibid. ; Thomas de Kirkeby 
 (1260,) 44; doni. Williem. Capellanus (1270,) 
 ib.; Wm. de Cokefield(i27l,)!iiW. ; Rogerus 
 
 (1278,) ibid. ; Rad. de Septem Fontibns 
 
 (1280,) 45 ; Walterus Capellanus (l283,) 
 ibid.; Frat. Rog. de Sco Antonio (1291,) 
 ibid. ; Frat. Geoffery de Birston (1293,) 46 ; 
 Will, de Wetheresfeld (1300,) - - - ibid, 
 " See Wardens." 
 
 Meilane, Peter, son of; his gift to hospital of rent 
 in St. Clements parish ----- 6-7 
 
 Michael, St. chapel of, in St. Giles's hospital 
 church, 53 ----56 
 
 Middkton and Yelverton, ladies; parishioners, reg. 
 Car. II; account of - 377 
 
 Millington, sir Thomas, a parishioner 1690; ac- 
 count of -.-.----• 375 
 
 Minshttll, sir Richard, a parishioner in 1630; ac- 
 count of --------- 354 
 
 Moore, sir Robert, a parishioner, temp. Car. I, 352 
 
 Montagu, right hon. lady, a parishioner 1680; 
 account of - -------- 377 
 
 — dukes of; account of Ralph, first duke, and 
 
 founder of Montagu-house, 373 ; ditto of 
 John, the second ditto ----- 373~+ 
 
 — house ; Mr. Evelyn's description of, as first 
 
 built, 245-6; account of its burning, 246 
 and 257 ; present Montague- house, or Rritish 
 Museum, 246 -------- 156 
 
 Monuments ; account of in old church and church- 
 yard, including those of Chapman and Pen- 
 drell, &c. ; as also of stone tablets or memo- 
 rials set up in the latter for duchess Dudley 
 and Mr. Speckart, 218-26; and also - 195 
 
 Mountjoy, lord; his estates in St. Giles's, 240; 
 lord of the manor of, &c. 330; account of, 
 
 346 
 
 Morlcy,\oTA, a parishioner, temp. Car. I - 350 
 
 Mowbray, Roger de, ----.-- 3 
 
 Neale, Mr. first contractor and builder on Seven 
 Dials, 122, 124 ------- 125 
 
 Newcastle, duke of, 388. — See below. 
 
 — house ; account by whom first founded and in- 
 habited, 249 ; description of as a building, 
 
 &C. -..-. 250 
 
 Neviland, part of hospital precinct - - - 3'i 
 
 Nichols, 
 
42S 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Nichols, madam, a parishioner, reg. Geo.I ; account 
 of • - 39» 
 
 Nort/iumberland, the earl of; a parishioner, temp. 
 Car. I ; account of ----- - 348 
 
 Nottingham, the earl of; account of, and of the 
 Finch and Henage families, parishioners 
 here ---------- 365-6 
 
 O, 
 
 Obits, anniversary ones, antiently held in St. 
 Giles's hospital church, viz. of William Criste- 
 masse (1200,) 54; John de Gardcroba 
 {\ -100,) ibid ; Henry, son of Ailwin fiioo,) 
 55; William Hostiarij (1218,) rtjrf.; Robert, 
 son of Alicia (1224,) ibid.; llichard de St. 
 Albans, ibid.; Wm. de Blemonte, &c. (reg. 
 Henry III,) 56; Robert de Portepole (1259,) 
 ibid.; Wm.de Westmell, (reg. Edw. II,) ibid. 
 
 Oldcastle, sir John (lord Cobham ;) account of, 
 and of the pretended conspiracy of the Lol- 
 lards in Picket's fields, 252 to 254; account 
 of his execution, 230 and 253 ; passages 
 from the play of ------ - 254 
 
 Organ; obnoxious to the Puritans, and sold (1654,) 
 200-3; 200/. paid to Mr. Smith for a new 
 one -----.---.. 205 
 
 Orivalle, Hugh de, bishop of London; severe ef- 
 fects of the leprosy on him - - . . 3 
 
 Osborne, sir William, a parishioner, 1681 ; ac- 
 count of _---.-..- 3^8 
 
 Overseers ; when first appointed, and so called, 
 281 ; regulations as to, and amount of their 
 receipts and expenditure in 1649, ibid.; num- 
 ber of, in different years, and at present, 282; 
 qualifications of those proper to serve the 
 oflice -------.._ ibid. 
 
 Oxford, countess of, a parishioner during Inter- 
 regnum 350 
 
 P. 
 
 Padbury, John, &c. his large estate in parish, 
 temp. Edw. HI -.--..- 323 
 
 Parish, (St. Giles's;) Plate, containing Plan of, 
 in its antient slate, 63 ; do. as in the reign 
 of Elizabeth -----... 105 
 
 — estates; account of the, given for the benefit of 
 poor, with particulars as to the application of 
 their proceeds, 307 to 31 1, viz. Bell, at Kayn- 
 ham; annuity from Turnstile tavern; estate 
 near Whittinglon college, purchased from gift 
 of duchess Dudley, 307 ; Princes-street estate ; 
 annuities from Hampshire I log ale-house ; 
 legacies of Marg. Uoswell, Eliz. Cummins, 
 and Frances Batt, 308; Overy's estate iu 
 
 Great Almonry, Westminster; annuities, &c. 
 payable from the gifts of Henry Carter, 
 hon. Rob. Bertie, and Messrs. Scudamors, 
 Butler, Hulcup and Sowerby, 309 ; Pargi- 
 ter's rents, rev. Rich. Leech's gift of two 
 houses in Plumtree-slreet, to (nanA charity 
 schools, 310; annuities of John Pearson, Ann 
 Wilson, \c. -------- ibid. 
 
 Parish officers; names and accounts of the princi- 
 pal ones, viz. churchwardens, sidesmen, over- 
 seers, headboroughs and constables; watch- 
 men, beadles, sexton, parish clerk, vestry 
 ditto, surveyors of highways, scavengers, &c. 
 280 to 285. — See more as to each, under its 
 proper head. 
 
 — clerk; order in 1623, as to how he should 
 "collect his wages," 284; antiquity and 
 nature of his office, ibid, note; paid for 
 writing parish business ----- ibid. 
 
 Parishioners ; account of some of the very early 
 ones, 341 to 344; eminent ones, from reign 
 of Henry VHI, to end of reign of Charles I, 
 344 to 360; do. from Charles H, to Revolu- 
 tion, 360 to --.- .... 383 
 
 Parsonage house, (antiently called the White 
 House;) extract from duchess Dudley's will 
 as to gift of to rector, 226 ; Dudley-court 
 now built on its site ----.- 227 
 
 Partridge alley ; distinguished residents in, temp. 
 Car. I. viz. sir \Sm. Segas, sir Thos. Elliot, 
 lady Susan Lawley, sir Richard St. George, 
 lady Margaret 'I'hurling, sir Thomas Darnell, 
 and lady Ann Ingleby - . . - _ 352 
 
 Pastun, sir Wm. (and lady,) parishioners during 
 Interregnum : account of - - - - 356 
 
 Paulet house, &c. Great Queen-street, 250 ; 
 Bristol house, its grand hangings of the 
 kings, &c. ibid,; particulais as toother houses 
 here, ibid.; Louch house, Chesterfield house, 
 &c. ----------- 251 
 
 Paving ; first paving of following places, viz. St. 
 Giles's-street and Drury-lane, 203; part of 
 High-street next church (1639), ibid.; in- 
 dictment against parish for defective pave- 
 ments, 293-4; Hog-lane, and of Denmark- 
 street, and near Pound, 294 ; Tottenham- 
 court road, ibid. ; paving of parish - 295 
 
 Places ; names of early ones in parish, preserved 
 in entries of dill'erent casualties, &c. - 269 
 
 Pearson, John, his gift to poor - - - - 310 
 
 Pendrell, llichard, his monument in St. Giles's 
 church -yard, 224; account of, and of his 
 family ---• ......ii. 
 
 Pews, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 ♦«» 
 
 Pfws, vaults, &c. orders of restry concerning in 
 1673 and 1676,286; Rectors ditto, vestry 
 orders and regulations as to, before, and on 
 building present church, and as to " rector's 
 vaults" 286 
 
 — Openers, four ordered to be kept out of profits 
 of sexton's salary. 
 See" Sexton." 
 
 Perambulations, &c. expences of in 164a and 
 1650, and orders and regulations as to in 
 future, 291 ; entries as to dispute at different 
 tirces about the parish boundaries, &c. 291 
 and 292. See " Boundaries." 
 
 Pest-house, account of, 234. See " Plague." 
 
 Pennant, Mr. his account of neglected state of 
 church-yaid in 1790 ----- 226 
 
 Pitaunce croft, a close of land of hospital opposite 
 church ; account of, 151 ; account of streets, 
 &c. built on -------- 152 
 
 Pincerna (Butler), William de Albini, account of 
 land sold by him to hospital, 6", 7, 10; ac- 
 count of the family of ----- 342 
 
 Plumbtrce, Henry, builder of Plumbtree-street, 
 
 154 
 
 Poor ; supposed first introduction of strange poor 
 into parish, 298 10300; Irish, &c. when 
 first mentioned by name, ibid. ; entries and 
 regulations as to,' and other strange poor, 
 300-1; described as being cellar-mates, or 
 mostly living in cellars, 301 ; entries of re- 
 lief to Irish poor, between 1640 and 1648; 
 French, &c. entries as to from vestry mi- 
 rates, 301-3; vagrants; droll names of 
 some of the antient ones in parish, and en- 
 tries of relief, &c. to, 303-4; poor's box, 
 first mention of, 304 ; general depravity of 
 vagrant poor here, described, 305. {See 
 also head " Dyot-street." 
 
 — legitimate, what, 305 ; expence of main- 
 
 taining at different early periods, and enoj-- 
 mous increase in the, at present day, 306; ca- 
 sual donations of money to from different emi- 
 nent persons, before and during Interregnum, 
 306-7 ; account of estates, &c. given to, 
 307 to 311; see " Parish Estates ;" cu- 
 rious entries of relief to, 311-12; entries of 
 casual relief to foreigners, &c. 312 ; orders 
 as to pensioned poor, 313; ditto as to cAzV- 
 dren, apprentices, ike. - - - - 313-14 
 
 — establishments for, viz. first and second work- 
 
 houseSj 3 1 4 to 3 1 6 ; present ditto, 3 1 7 to 32 1 ; 
 college for infants, 317 ; almshouses, 321 to 
 324 ; charity schools, 324 to 328. See for 
 a further account — separate heads of" WoRK 
 House," " Almshouses," &c. 
 
 Paupers. See " Poor." 
 
 Pool Close, part of hospital precincts, 36 - 58 
 
 Ponds, names, &c. of several antiently in parish, 
 viz. Blosepond, 185; Capper's pond, Maslyn's 
 pond. Smith's pond, Doulnian's pond, 270 
 
 Population ; account of the population of parish 
 at different periods, viz. in the early times of 
 hospital, and till the reign of Eliz. 98-9 ; in 
 1711, 1801, and 1811, nci^e, 99 and - 100 
 
 Political events, miscellaneous entries as to such 
 as were connected with parish, from 1642 
 to 1659 272-3 
 
 Pound and Cage ; original situation of the first 
 pound and cage ; entries as to the antient use 
 of the cage as a prison ; situation of the se- 
 cond pound, 228; final removal, &c. - ibid. 
 
 Powis, the marquis of, a parishioner, reg. Jac. II, 
 account of--------- 374 
 
 Plague ; destructive one in reign Edward III, 18 ; 
 account of the effects, &c. of different plagues 
 in this parish, viz. in 1592, 1623, and 
 1627, 259 and 260; in 1640, 261 — 2; in 
 1C46, 263; great plague of 1665, general 
 account of. parish entries as to, and other . 
 particulars concerning, 263 . - - 266 
 
 Preachers, eminent ones who casually preached io 
 St. Giles's church 273 
 
 Proctor, or Procurator, an officer on hospital 
 establishment; his nature and duties; col- 
 lector of alms for hospital, 5 ; names of some 
 supposed to have been masters - - - 46 
 
 Puritans ; their ascendancy in parish near begin- 
 ing of civil war, 200; petition Parliament 
 for dismissal of Dr. Heywood, ibid. ; describe 
 the church as superstitiously ornamented, 
 201 ; sell the rich church goods given by 
 lady Dudley, 201 — 2; take down and sell 
 the carved screen ; remove the stained glass 
 ■windows, and otherwise deface church, 202-3 
 
 Q. 
 
 Queen's Hythe, (.Aldershethe), London, an estate 
 of hospital ---------6 
 
 R. 
 
 Radcliffe, Dr. a parishioner, 1700 ; account of, 390 
 
 Ratcliffe, Thomas, master of hospital ; his ex- 
 change of hospital estates with Henry VIII, 
 29 - - - 33 
 
 Rathbone, Mr. builder; payment to, for building 
 watch-house, 229, 297 ; ordered to make 
 a plan of ground, dc. in Portugal-street,' 29a 
 
 Head, 
 
4^4- 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Read, Joseph, parish clerk, ordered to be paid his 
 expences for actions brought on parish ac- 
 count against conventicles - - - - 291 
 
 Rectors, list, with biographical notices of, from 
 reign Henry VIII to present time, viz. Thomas 
 Maanus, cler^, (supposed first rector after 
 dissolution of hospital) ; sir William Row- 
 landson (1547); GeofTery Evans (1571); 
 William Steward (l759), 394 5 Nathaniel 
 Baxter, S. T. P. (1590); Thomas Salisbury, 
 rlerk(i59i); Joseph Gierke, A.M. (1592); 
 Roger iSIanwaring, D.D. 395—6; Gilbert 
 Dillingham; Brian Walton, A.M. (1635), 
 396; William Hey wood, S. T. P. (1636); 
 Henry Comish (incumbent from 1641 to 
 1648); Arthur Molyne (ditto, from 164810 
 1651), 397 to 399; Thomas Case, A.M. 
 (ditto, from 1651 to 1660). 399 to 401 ; Ro- 
 bert Borenian, clerk (1663), 401 ; John 
 Sharpe, A. M. (1675), 402 to 404; John 
 Scott, S.T. P. (1691), 404; William Ha'ey, 
 clerk(i695); William Baker,D. 0.(1715)405; 
 Henry Galley, D.D- (1732); John Smith, 
 D. D. (1769) ; right reverend John Buckner, 
 lord bishop of Chichester (1797) - 406 
 
 Receiver, an officer of hospital, account of - 40 
 
 Redmero, late Baldwin de, his gift of land at Hes- 
 toii to hospital .--■.... 10 
 
 Rhodes, master of the actors Kynaston and Bet- 
 terton, rents the Cockpit playhouse, 235 ; his 
 daily payment to parish for performing at, 236 
 
 Richard II, his confirmatory charter to hospital, 
 21; particulars of his grant of hospital to 
 different persons - - - - - 22 to 26 
 
 Roads and ditches; names and description of the 
 antient roads and ditches in parish, viz. 
 Roads — Giles's, or High-street, 99; Hol- 
 borii, Elveshate, or Old-street ; Le Lane ; 
 Via de Aldewych (the present Drury lane), 
 &c. 100; Ditches — Blemund's dyche, ibid.; 
 Pitaunce Croft ditch; Marshland, or Cock 
 and V'ye ditch, Spencer's dig, or ditch; Old- 
 wick close ditch, &c. 100 - - - , 101 
 
 i{oe, sir Thomas, his college for infants - - 317 
 
 Rose (tavern) and land, an estate of hospital in 
 St.Giles's; its transfer to Henry VIII, 31; 
 
 account of 
 
 239 
 
 Round house; its original situation, and conjee- 
 
 tures as to its use; when demolished, &c. 229 
 
 RoTvs, Ilolborn, 145 ; Middle ... 
 
 115 
 
 Rumart, Hawise countess de, her gift of chuich 
 of Feltham to hospital . - 6, 7, id, 32 
 
 Russell, lord and lady, account of, 369 to 371; 
 extract from lady Russell's letters, as to 
 burning of Montagu-house, 257-8; sale of 
 ground to found bloomsbury church, 335; 
 account of lord Russell's execution - 258 
 
 — (family of,) account of antient parishioners 
 
 and landholders of this name - - . 3^3 
 
 — hon. Mr. a parishioner, 1680; account of, 
 
 379 
 
 SAcniLEGE, Robbery, entries as to various acts 
 of, formerly committed in parish, particu- 
 larly of chuich plate in 1677, 272; and 
 afterwards gold communion cup, and other 
 church plate ---...-- 205 
 
 Sackville, family of, antient parishioners of St. 
 Giles's 343 
 
 Scavengers, ordered to attend commissioners in 
 1671, 284; agreements for the scavenger- 
 ship of parish in different years • - 285 
 See head " Cleansing." 
 
 Scudamiire, Mr. his gift to poor - - - . 309 
 
 Sextun, antiquity of; curious agreement of vestry 
 with in 1670, 283; four additional pew 
 openers ordered to be paid yearly from the 
 profits of his place, in 1683, ibid ; the 
 office filled by John Arden, vestry clerk 
 (»72i) 413 
 
 Seven Dials, anciently called Marshland, 112; 
 when called Cock and Pye fields, and why, 
 120; built on, and named the " Seven 
 Streets," or Seven Dials, 122-3; particulars 
 as to the building of, &c. ... - 124 
 
 Sewers; Bloomsbury, or Southampton, sewer; 
 sewer, Lukennr's lane (Spencer's dig), 101; 
 extract from report of a session of sewers, 
 temp. Car. II, describing various connected 
 with parish ..---... 121 
 
 Shelion, William, founder of Shelton's schools, 
 
 324 to 327 
 " See Charity Schools." 
 
 Short, Dudley, his residence in what is now called 
 Short's gardens --.---.128 
 
 Short's gardens. — " See Gardens." 
 
 Shrewsburi/, countess of, a parishioner temp. 
 Car. I ; accoun: of, and of her family - 350 
 
 Sidesmen (otherwise Swornemen), their duties, &c. 
 as specified by order (1638); and how and by 
 whom chosen ----.--. 281 
 
 Simple, Robert, condition of his tenure of part of 
 
 hospital estate at Feltham - - (note) 13 
 
 Skipviith, lady, a parishioner, in 1690 j account of 
 
 380 
 
 Sloanc, 
 
 m 
 
I N 
 
 Sloane, sir Hans, a parishioner reg. Geo. I ; ac- 
 count of ----.--. ggo — 91 
 
 Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, first earl, ac- 
 count of -.--..... 3^5 
 
 — Henry (second earl); his purchase of St. 
 
 Giles's manor, 331 to 333; account of 345 
 
 — Henry, third earl ----.-. 345 
 
 •— Thomas, lord treasurer, extract from his grant 
 of ground to found almshouses on, 321 ; lord 
 of St. Giles's manor ------ 332 
 
 — house, account of, and of its antient situation, 
 
 &c. 244-5 --105 
 
 — chapel, 231,364 371 
 
 — countess of, a parishioner, 1667 ; account of, 
 
 364-5 
 Sowerby, Mr. his gift to poor - - . - 309 
 
 Speckart, Mr. Abraham, an eminent parishioner 
 in reigns of James I, and Charles I, 117, 
 120, 206, 215, 260; further account of, 356 
 
 Spencer, (or Dispencer,) the name of an antient 
 family in parish, owners of the estate called 
 " Spencer's Loud," 144 ----- 342 
 
 Sprettony, an antient estate of hospital, near Pick- 
 et's Fields, account of ----- 150 
 
 Spretton, Isabel, an antient landholder in parish 
 
 343 
 Squares; Bedford, 154; Bloomsbury, 157; Rus- 
 sell and Brunswick, 159; Lincoln's Inn, 148 
 
 Steele, sir Richard, a parishioner, reg. Geo. I 
 and Geo. H, account of - - - - - 392 
 
 Stepne, Brungaro le, an antient owner of land next 
 to hospital -------- 10 
 
 Stiddolph, sir Richard, notices as to ground sold 
 by him for enlarging churchyard, 117; de- 
 mise to him from the crown of Marshland, 
 &c. 119; further as to churchyard, 215, 216 
 
 — William, account of ----- - 358 
 
 Stocks and whipping post ; conjectures as to their 
 situation ; entries as to repairs of; final re- 
 moval of, &c. ..-.-.. 230 
 
 Stradling, sir Edward, his house and estate at 
 Oldwick Close, 137 -.-..-138 
 
 Streets, variation in the breadth of, style of build- 
 ing, &c., 108 ; account of the following, viz. 
 Denmark, 116; Stidwell, 117; Monmouth, 
 tl8; St. Giles's, 127; Helton, 125 and 130; 
 Newton, 133; Queen (Great,) 133; Ditto 
 (Little,) ib.; Brownlow, 129; Bainbridge and 
 
 D E X. 425 
 
 Buckridge streets, 152; Dyot, 153; Great 
 Russell, 156; Kingsgate, 157; Southampton, 
 158; various (in Bloomsbury East,) 158; 
 Weld, or Wild-street, Princes, 138 ; Holbom, 
 see " HoLBORN ;" Church, 152; Plumbtree, 
 154; Charlotte, Gower, &c. - - . 15^ 
 
 Surveyors of Highways ; number chosen in 1654, 
 as ordered by Protector Cromwell and his 
 council --.-..-... 284 
 
 Swan on le hop, antient inn in parish, account 
 of 237 
 
 T. 
 
 Temple, sir Peter, a parishioner, 1648, account 
 of 354-5 
 
 Thanet, earl of, a parishioner, here, reg. Car. H, 
 account of, and of the Thanet family, 371-2 
 See below. 
 
 — House, account of------- 246 
 
 Thurkeby, William de, an antient parishioner and 
 landholder --------- 3^3 
 
 Totten Hall, the antient manor house of Totten- 
 hall prebend, converted into a public house, 
 239 ; entry in parish books as to - - 270 
 
 — William de, supposed antient owner of Toten 
 
 hall, or Tottenham manor - - - - 239 
 
 Tombs, see " Monuments." 
 
 Tradesmen, names of some of the very early ones 
 in parish, 344; account of various, reg. 
 Car. H, with Plate of their tokens, 386 to 
 
 388 
 
 T«r«er ,sir Edmund (and lady) parishioners, reg. 
 Car. H, account of, - - - - - 377-S 
 
 Turnstile (Great and Little), origin of their names, 
 and account of ----... 145 
 
 Valence, R. de Saint, his gift of land at Heston 
 
 10 
 
 Vestry, its constitution and powers, and regula- 
 tions for the better government of, 274 ; rec- 
 tor's protest as to, not permitted to be enter- 
 ed on the minutes, 275 ; attempt to alter 
 constitution of, defeated, 276 and 277; ap- 
 pointment of Bloomsbury vestry, and dis- 
 putes with, as to separate powers of each 
 vestry, 278 ; further proceedings as to, 278-9 ; 
 rights of each vestry settled by Act of 
 Parliament, and final resolutions in con- 
 3 I sequence 
 
426 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 sequence, 279; vestry dinners, &c. ibid, 
 {note). 
 
 Vestry men ; names and notices of some of the 
 most distinguished ones, at different periods ; 
 viz. sir Lewis Lewknor (1618), 353; Houio 
 Claxton, 357; sir William Segar, 275, 199; 
 Laurence Whitaker, (1622), 275, 197; 
 Abraham Spcckart, see " Speckhart;" 
 John Fotherley,( 1661), 275; Henry Holford, 
 see" Holford;" {Humphrey Weld; William 
 Shelton ; the earl of Thanet ; Richard Dyot ; 
 Messrs. Benbridge and Buckridge; John 
 Larchf.n ; sir Clement Armiger, 275 ; and 
 see further as to each under their respective 
 names. Thomas Owen (1691), 276; sir 
 Thomas Geery(i682), 381 ; Zachary Bethell 
 (1623), 357; Jeremy Cocke, 197, 357; 
 Patrick Drumgold, and Robert Johnson 
 (1623), 357; Robert Hope (1623), ib.; 
 William Barber (i6i8), 358; ThomasShep- 
 herd (1631), ib.; John Hyde, 359; John 
 Seagood(i656), J6.; William Hooper (1645), 
 ib. ; Francis Baker (1644), ib.; Isaac Bring- 
 hurst (1635), 360; James Hearnden (16501, 
 16.; Thomas Blythe (1646), ib.; sir Henage 
 Fetherstone, and sir Henry, 380 ; sir Thomas 
 Byde (1674), 381; sir Cane James (1682), 
 ib.; sir Thomas Kinsey (1676), ib.; sir 
 Thomas Robinson (1681), 382; sir Gervase 
 Elwys, ib.; sir John Brownlow, ib. see 
 " Brownlow;" John Cannon (1712), 383; 
 James Parthericke (1717), 384; William 
 Woden (1672), ib.; Ralph Bucknall (1C75), 
 ib ; John and Timothy Merydale, ib. ; 
 Nathaniel Stratton (1675), ib.; Giles Rid- 
 dle (1687), John Bayley (1680), Robert Hul- 
 cup (1667), 385; Thomas Done (1682), ib.; 
 Edward Guise, &c. ib.; Robert Bessie 
 
 (1666), 386 
 
 See " List of Churchwardens." 
 
 — Clerk ; occasional payments made for parish 
 business, before regular clerk, 284; Stanislaus 
 Bowes first appointed after, 1666 ; list, &c. 
 of vestry clerks, 41 2 - - - - - 413 
 
 Fj/ne Tavern, an estate of hospital in St. Giles's : 
 its transfer to Henry VUl, 31 ; account of 
 
 239 
 
 W. 
 
 WarviiQk House, account of 3^5 
 
 Walerico, Bernardo de, his gift of land to hos- 
 pital g 
 
 Watching; orders for watching the hundred of 
 Ossulton, &c. temp. Eliz.; antient costume 
 
 and arming of watchmen, &c. 296; vestry 
 orders as to the number and regulation of. 
 the watch, temp. Car. H - - - - 296 
 
 Watchhouse ; first watchhouse, when, and by whom 
 bult, 229 ; its original and present situation, 
 &c. ibid. ; additional particulars respecting, 
 
 297 [rtute) 
 
 — men ; mode of arming before the use of slaves, 
 
 &c. and entry respecting, 282 ; regulations 
 as to their number and pay, in 1673, 282 and 
 296 ; order to attend with fire engine, 298. 
 
 Wardens of hospital ; brother Richard Leighton, 
 1354. 47; John Crysipn (1358), ib.; Wil- 
 liam de Tytnt, (before 1373), ib. ; Frere 
 Hugh Michel 1373), ib.; William Thomas 
 
 (1375 and 1376), ib.; Robert Hal- 
 
 liday, ib.; Frat' Willm' de Croxton (1380), 
 ib. ; Frat' Walterus de Lynton (1402), 48 ; 
 Frat' Nich' de Dover; John Macclesfield, 
 clerk; Richard Clifford, clerk; Abbot of 
 Tower-hill, (1392), ib. ; sir Geoffry Shrigley 
 (1431) ib.; Frat. William Sutton (1461), 49 ; 
 George Sutton (1491), ib.; Thomas Har- 
 ringwold (1493), ib.; sir Thomas Norton, 
 knight (1508), ib,; brother Thomas Ratcliffe 
 
 (»537) ib. 
 
 See " Masters OF St. Giles." 
 
 Weedon, Cavendish, a fellow of Lincoln's-inn ; his 
 proposal for laying out in a grand style Lin- 
 coln's-inn-fields --.--.- 1^3 
 
 Weld, Humphry, esq. owner of Weld house, on 
 the site of Wild-street, 138 - - . 282 
 
 — house; particulars of its erection, site, &c. 
 
 247-8 ; its wings inhabited by the Portuguese 
 and Spanish ambassadors, &c. 248 ; its his- 
 tory afterwards, to its demolition; dimen- 
 sions of, &c. --..-... 249 
 
 Weild, and Petoe, ladies, parishioners, temp. 
 Car. I; account of --.-.. ggr 
 
 Wennington, (Ralph and Serlo), antient land- 
 holders in parish, account of - - - 343 
 
 Wharton, the lords, parishioners, reg. Car. H; 
 account of---.---.. 0^2 
 
 Whetstone Park, built by, and named from Mr. 
 Whetstone, a parishioner, 145 ; account of, 
 and of its former profligate character, 149,150 
 
 Whichcot, sir Paul, a parishioner, 1692; account 
 ^'f - - - - - - 379 
 
 Whyte hart inn (and land,) an estate of hospital 
 in St. Giles's ; its transfer to Henry VHl, 31 ; 
 account of, and of the late building improve- 
 ments on its scite . - . . . 238 (note) 
 
 Wilson, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 427 
 
 Wilson, Ann, her legacy to poor rejected - 310 
 
 Winchester, the marquis of, a parishioner, reg. 
 Car. II ; account of - - - - - 366-7 
 
 Worcester, the marquis of, a parishioner, reg. 
 Car. II, account of, 367 to - - - - 369 
 
 Windows ; stained glass ones in church removed 
 by the Puritans, 101 ; king's arms window 
 taken down, 203 ; a description of, and by 
 whom given, 20G-7 ; disposal of in building 
 a new church --------213 
 
 Workhouse; description of the present building, 
 233-4; historical particulars as to the general 
 workhouse used for this and other parishes, 
 previously to erecting separate workhouses, 
 314 to 16; tecond ■workhouse; fitting up of a 
 
 regular parochial workhouse in Browne's- 
 . gardens, removal of, and proceedings in con- 
 sequence, 316 ; present workhouse - - 317 
 
 Wooden, William, his gift to poor of rent charge 
 from Hampshire hog - . . . . 308 
 
 Wright, sir Nathan, a parishioner, and resident 
 in Newcastle house -.-.-- 392 
 
 Yards; Rose and Crown, 116; Bowl, 125; Coal- 
 yard, 132; Phillips's, Vine, Red Lion, 150; 
 Black Bear, 115------- 127 
 
 Young (junior), Richard, his gift to hospital of land 
 at Holborn bars, held by Matilda de. Stokes, 
 10. 29 183-4 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 Printed by Luke Hunsard & Sons, 
 near Lincoln's-Iiin Fields^ I.oiiduri. 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 The Reader is requested to correct the following errors (or any others he may meet with,) 
 and which (principally owing to the reasons stated in the Advertisement) have unavoidably 
 crept into the work : — 
 
 p. 16 and 17, lines 6 and 17 (in the notes) for " sustentantis," read susteutandis. 
 
 p. \g, line 6 (note)for " annuarum," rearf annuatim. 
 
 p. 57, lines 15 and 17, and in lines 28 and 30 {note) for " rectore," read rector, 
 and for " sacerdote," read sacerdos; also in lines 23 and 24, instead of 
 " Roberto," " Gerrardo," and ♦' Ricardo," read Robertas, Gerrardus, and 
 Ricardus. 
 
 p. 63. " Plak of the Parish in its antient State." This Plate is referred 
 to in the note, at this page, as being placed in the account of the parish, but 
 has been transferred to this part of the work, as more appropriate. At 
 p. 104 (lines 10 and 11) therefore, instead of " the following Plan," &c. 
 read the preceding Plan. 
 
 p. 101 and 102. In these pages, as also in pages 139 aud 176, instead of" Campo 
 de Aldewych," read Campum de Aldewych. 
 
 p. 189, line 21, for " Water," read Walter. 
 
 p. 190, (head line) /or " Chap. IV." read Chap. III. For the reason of which, 
 
 see note, in the " Table of Contents," p. ix. < 
 
 p. 221, line 11, ybr " sarcum," read sursum. 
 
 p. 321, lines 7 and 8, omit the words, " and estimates," as also, " and the succes- 
 sive increase of expense in its maintenance to the present time," 
 
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