UC-NRLF 216 *B 171 077 | A SUMMARY VITAL. STATISTICS OF THE MEW ENGLAND STATES CARRIAGES, DIVORCES, BIRTHS, f DEATHS IN THE six M:\V ME DIKEC OARDS01 :i!RE, : CU I 1 HAM, (the ' THE NEW ENGLAND STATES. The small circles show the location of the sixty-seven cities and towns having populations of more than 10,000 in each by the U. S. Census of 1890. The figures within the circles refer to the first column in the table of cities and towns near the close of the book. VICINITY OF @ @ BOSTON. A SUMMARY OF THE VITAL STATISTICS OF THE NEW ENGLAND STATES FOR THE YEAR 1892. BEING A CONCISE STATEMENT OF THE MARRIAGES, DIVORCES, BIRTHS, ^ DEATHS IN THE SIX NEW ENGLAND STATES, COMPILED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARIES OF THE STATE BOARDS OF HEALTH OF MAINE, NEW HAMPSHIRE, VERMONT, MASSACHUSETTS, RHODE isi ! A SnV-AtfD 'CONNECTICUT. BOSTON : DAMRKLL & UPHAM, (the Old Corner IJook Store). LONDON : P. S. KINO & SON, 12 King St., Westminster. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1895, by SAMUBL W. ABBOTT, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. INTRODUCTORY. The object intended in publishing this summary, is to present in a condensed form, the Vital Statistics of the New England States as a whole. At any time previous to 1894 the publication of such a summary would have been impossible, in consequence of the fact that no compilation of the Vital Statistics of Maine was made until 1894, when the First Registration Report of that state for the year 1892 was issued. At a meeting of the Secretaries of the Boards of Health of the six New England States, held in Montreal, in September, 1894, during the session of the American Public Health Association, it was decided to publish a summary of the Vital Statistics of these states. The objects to be secured by such a publication may be stated briefly as follows : 1. The securing of better and more uniform methods of the presentation of material collected in the Registration Returns. 2. The stimulation of attention to this important branch of public work in other states, where registration has hitherto been neglected. In New England the importance of registration of Vital Statistics has been acknowledged from the earliest periods of the existence of the colonies, a law having been enacted in 1639, in the Massachu- setts Colony, providing for the keeping of a record " of every marriage, birth, and death of every person within the jurisdiction". This was followed soon afterward (1644) by similar legislation in Connecticut. It was not until 1842 that any published report embracing these facts was made. 6 The six New England States have now published such reports for the stated periods as follows : Maine, ..... beginning with 1892 New Hampshire, ... " " 1880 Vermont, .... " " 1857 Massachusetts, ... " 1842 Ehode Island, . ' . " 1853 Connecticut, . . " 1848 The importance of the subject of Vital Statistics as the basis or ground work of Public Hygiene is universally acknowledged, and the intimate connection of the one with the other is shown by the action of nearly every state government in uniting the Department of Registration of Vital Statistics with that of Public Health. An unusual stimulus has been given to the progress of such work by the organization of general societies for the study and publica- tion of statistics, of which the Royal Statistical Society of Great Britain, the International Statistical Institute, and the American Statistical Society are among the flourishing examples. It is proposed to issue this summary at intervals of about five years, the second issue to embrace the statistics for 1895, since, in a portion of New England (two states embracing half the population) an intermediate census is taken, once in five years. No account is taken in this summary, of the county as a division of the population, since this grouping or division has but little significance in New England, aside from its importance in connec- tion with the administration of the courts of justice, the inquest laws, the control of highways and a few minor matters. The admin- istration of the municipal affairs of the town or city, considered as a unit is a matter of far greater sanitary importance than that of the county. That the thorough and careful administration of such affairs, in such important matters as the introduction of pure water sup- plies, and efficient sewerage systems, the management and control of infectious diseases, the supervision of public institutions, the inspec- tion of food, etc., has a perceptible effect upon the vital statistics of municipalities has been fully demonstrated, both in Europe and America, and we may add, in the distant cities of British India. For this reason the vital statistics of the principal towns are presented as fully as the limits of a summary of this character will admit. A. G. YOUNG, Secy. State Board of Health and .Registrar Vital Statistics, Maine. I. A. WATSON, Secy. State Board of Health and Registrar of Vital Statis- tics, N. II. J. H. HAMILTON, Secy. State Board of Health, Vt. SAML. W. ABBOTT, Secret^ State Board of Health of Massachusetts. G. T. SWARTS, Secy. State Board of Health and Registrar of Vital Statis- tics, R. I. C. A. LINDSLEY, Secy. State Board of Health and Superintendent of Registra- tion of Vital Statistics, Conn. A SUMMARY OF THE VITAL STATISTICS OF THE NEW ENGLAND STATES. POPULATION. " Population is the basis of Vital Statistics, and hence demands preliminary consideration in any work bearing upon this subject." (Dr. Farr.) The statements of population in this summary are those of the United States Census of 1880 and 1890, together with esti- mates made for the intercensal years, and for the years 1891 and 1892. The method of estimating is that which is employed in the annual reports of the Registrar General of England (the geometric rate of increase). Since short census intervals are preferable to long ones, the five year period is adopted for estimating, in those states where a- quinquennial census is made. (Massachusetts and Rhode Island.) In populations having a rapid growth, the results obtained by the arithmetric and geometric methods of estimating differ considerably, but in small communities, and especially among those of slow growth the difference is only slight, and scarcely affects the ratios representing the marriage, birth, and death rates to an appreciable degree. Hence, in estimating popula- tions the geometric rate in this summary is only applied to the States, and in the table of cities and towns, to those cities which have a population larger than 20,000. The population of the six states is shown in table I, by which it appears that the total population of the district in 1870 was 3,487,924 (U. S. Census), and this had increased to 4,010,529 in 1880, and 4,700,745 in 1890. 10 (M O CO o CO CO 02 .2 NEW HAMPSHIRE. w^ fli TH TH CM OS OS CO O CO 1~* fcA O SI 5l CO O >O CO OS OOSOO^J OS r^ cT COiICOCMt O CO CM TH ^T OS CO gp ^ O TH iH CM CM CO "* O CO 2^ t- CO Ed "^ ^"^ CO H t> o ^^ ^> *O CO (^ C^l TH CO CO ^ TH QJ^ O TH 2 oS^^g ? ^oT w "^ ^ ^rot^os~r-r ^ J2j ^ A-, J CO CO CO CO CO t t t^ 2 O i WQ CO TH CMCO^OS^ ^* 5 g S ^||S ^^c^oow aia COCO CO CO ^Jj CO i CO CO HH -^ v A ,^r\ T-H OO GO CO _jj Jt^* C^ CO *-O ^4^ CO Oi 1 SB H c^ eo rH^irp(N I 00 C - ^ 00 ,. ^ ^ t>. THiHTHrH^j, THCM ? i (M -^ i^(d crj^ co o ' co co o S! co ^ 55 CO CO CO CO ' * ?5 00 GO 00 GO i 11 The sum of the estimated populations for 1892 was 4,886,405. The percentages which the population of each state bore to the total population of New England at each of the census enumerations of 1870, 1880 and 1890 were as follows : PERCENTAGES OF TOTAL POPULATION. STATES. 1S70. 1880. 1890. Maine, 17.97 16.18 14.06 New Hampshire, 9.13 8.65 8.01 Vermont, 9.48 8.28 7.07 Massachusetts, 41.78 4446 47.63 Rhode Island, 6.23 6.90 7.35 Connecticut, -15.41 15.53 1588 New England, 100.00 100.00 100.00 The annual rate of growth of each state (geometric) and that of the total population for the period 1880-1890 are expressed by the following figures : Maine, .0018+ Massachusetts, .0230+ New Hampshire, .0082+ Rhode Island, .0225+ Vermont, .00004 Connecticut, .0183 New England, .0160+ The rates of growth of Massachusetts and Rhode Island for the short intercensal period 1885-1890 were respectively .0288+ and .0257+. Sex. The ratios of the sexes in the different states at the two census enumerations (1880 and 1890) are shown in table 2, wherein it appears that the number of females was greater than that of the males in the whole district at each census, the excep- tions being Vermont in each census and Maine in 1890. The most uniform distribution was in Maine in 1880 (1000 males to 1003 females), and the greatest excess of females was found in Rhode Island in 1880 (1000 males to 1079 females). In England and Wales the ratio of males to females at the last census (1891) was as 1000 to 1063. 12 H O 1 O I 12-1 |oS S O T* Oi CO T-t O CO <>1 - t- O lO CO oT co" oT CO GO CD CO rH r-l O5 GO i 1 CD O rH t- Oi CD 25 SJ r {r $2 O O5 O O O rf CD" (M tr- CO TH co" CD" T*< r-( iH CO .r> ^** 3 r^ 13 Density of the Population. Density of the population usually bears quite a definite relation to the condition of the people, and especially manifests its influence in the death rate. The population of New England exhibits extreme variations of density, from the sparsely settled Aroostook region of Maine to the densely populated wards of the large cities. In table III. is presented the density of New England as a whole, and separately by states. The extremes of density were 21.7 persons per square mile in Maine, and 254.9 per square mile in Rhode Island in 1880, and 22.1 per square mile in Maine and 318.4 in Rhode Island in 1890. The mean density of the whole district (New England) had increased from 64.7 per square mile in 1880 to 75.8 in 1890. In the foregoing estimates, water surfaces amounting to 4460 square miles or 6.7 per cent, of the total area are excluded, leaving a land area of 62,005 square miles. TABLE III. Density of the Population. Census of 1880 and 1890. Area in Square miles. Population in 1SSO. Persons to Square mile 1880. Population in 1890. Persons to Square mile. 1890. Maine 29,895 648,936 21.7 661,086 22.1 New Hampshire. . 9,005 346,991 38.5 376,530 41.8 Vermont 9,135 332,286 36.4 332.422 36.4 Massachusetts 8,040 1,783,085 221.8 2,238,943 278.5 Rhode Island 1,085 276,531 254.9 345,506 318.4 Connecticut 4,845 622,700 128.5 746,258 154.0 New England. . . 62,005 4,010,529 64.7 4,700,745 I 75.8 Total area 66,465 miles, of which 4,460 or 6.7 per cent is water. 14 INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS. The value of statistics is greatly enhanced by comparison, not only of the statistics of one state with those of neighboring states, but also with those of large populations embracing entire countries. The usefulness of the well-arranged tables published in the preliminary portion of the Registrar General's Reports of Eng- land is everywhere acknowledged. In table IV the marriage, birth and death rates of the New England States are presented for a period of twenty years, and for the years 1891 and 1892. By this table it appears that the marriage rate of New England, as a whole, for the year 1892 (18.5 per 1000) was greater than that of any of the Transatlantic countries quoted in the table, the highest of any of these countries being that of Hungary (18.4) and the lowest, that of Ireland (93).* The birth rate of New England in 1892 (24.9 per 1000 of the population) was less than those of any of the other countries except France and Ireland. Hungary had a birth rate of 40.3 and France 22 1. The death rate of New England in 1892 (19.9) was less than those of Italy, Hungary, Austria, Germany, France, Holland and Belgium, and greater than those of the British Islands, Den- mark, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. * NOTE. In the previous year (1891) Hungary had a marriage rate of 17.2. 15 J8AO 8TB[ O CO GO ocoqOCOCo ci co t^ . . a o o co CO "^ CO "^ t'* *~^ O C^ CO "^ C^ 00 *O T^ "^ H " e *> H fe 9 *x 1 2 o ^3 o O Hc 2 ^ s S 63 18 the month of November, as well as for each one of these states, except Rhode Island, in which the greatest number occurred in June. The months having the next greatest number were December in Maine, October in New Hampshire and Rhode Island, and June in Massachusetts. For these four states the month having the least number was March, and for the separate states, January in Maine, and March in each of the remaining states. For the sake of comparison, these figures are reproduced according to the method employed in the Registrar General's Report of England (1892) by quarters of the year. PERSONS MARRIED TO EACH 1,000 LIVING. England 55 years, England, New England, Quarter Ending. 1838-1892. 1892. 1892. March, 13.2 11.7 14.7 June, 16.4 16.4 20.2 September, 15.6 15. 1 179 December, 19.1 17.8 23.0 Mean of whole period, 16.1 15.4 18.5* * This average refers to all New England : for the four states embraced in this monthly table the average was 18.9. In summing up this subject, in a recent work, Dr. Leffingwell says : " Religious and social customs intervene in most civilized countries, and create prejudices for or against the celebration of marriage during particular seasons of the year. In France and Italy the majority of nuptials are in February. In Ireland, particularly in the west and south, more than half the Catholic marriages are celebrated between Christmas and Shrovetide. In Scotland there is a strong prejudice against marrying in May. Agricultural populations object to the season of harvest and defer such ceremonies till October and November. In Russia more than three-fourths of all marriages occur in autumn and winter." " Influence of seasons on Conduct." LEFFINGWELL. 19 H CM GO as 3 op ^4* * cj op l^ O * t" J"7 *T ff -* ?.j -' ^ OP jj O -t t O t- ^ ? *. o^ H. CO of si 00 TH O OS Jt- i 1 "*! O O TH rH 1 "o C ^ ^ 1 S 5 Five States 20 Marriages by Ages Table VII. Of the whole number of men married ia New England in 1892, whose ages were known, 97 per cent, were between the ages of 20 and 60 years. Of the whole number of women, whose ages were known, 80.8 per cent, were between the ages of 20 and 60 years. Sixty-eight and four tenths per cent, of the men and 64.9 per cent of the women were between the ages of 20 and 30 years Early Marriages. Two and four tenths per cent, of the men who were married, whose ages were known, and 18.8 per cent, of the women were under 20 years of age. The highest per cent, of men married (4.5), who were under 20, was in New Hampshire, and the lowest (1.8) was in Con- necticut. The highest per cent, of females married under 20 (27.6) was in Maine, that of New Hampshire for the same class being nearly the same (27.3); and the lowest per cent of females married (of the same class, 15.4) was in Connecticut. Late Marriages. One and five tenths per cent, of the men marrried, whose ages were known, and less than five tenths of one per cent, of the women married were over 60 years of age. The highest percentage of men married, who were more than 60 years of age, was 2.36 and was in New Hampshire; and the lowest percentage of the same class was in Massachusetts (1.23). The highest ratio of females of this class who were married was seven tenths of one per cent, and this percentage prevailed both in New Hampshire and in Connecticut, and the lowest (two tenths of one per cent.) was in Rhode Island. Marriages by Nativity Table VIII. Considerable importance, possibly an undue amount, has been attached to the term " nativity " as employed in American 21 PQ CM 05 GO Si ^ pq ig I ' 03 ** O r- i-t t cfj -t ^ |s S 8 ^ i-t 5i rH -hi -t CO CO Is f 1 O CO Ci CO O-l CO Ci ?! I 1 ~f O' o o ~sj r OO tr- 00 O O O 0'^ H * tO ^ >O !" 7*1 tC oj i'* o o o cr* 1 ons married birth, and 2 i& I a || I ^H IT -M rH 1 rH 1 '" sH ^o JM Q l U 8 * 8 5 g CO 'N tu - j*0 Is I W "2- * J * iO t- (M (M Ci O CO CO 1 Ol -* 000 CO -M ^ rH CO P 1 n | 8> S 8? B 2 w 1-? ^ m ! Ill d 03 .S s >. s < "^ cj fl j? > i g o L ="3 a-s gl X * The stat ence to the nun unknown. The unkn 22 StatisticalfDocuments. It should be borne in mind, however, that nearly the entire population of New England is derived from races foreign to the soil. Those whose ancestry in this country dates back to the early history of the colonies count but nine or ten generations at the longest. The term " nativity", therefore, conveys but little meaning, when applied to percentages comprising portions of the popula- tion, since it has reference to the persons of a single generation, without regard to their parentage or ancestry, immediate or remote. The term u parent-nativity " embraces only one more generation, while there are no statistics which include generations earlier than the parents. In the statistics of marriages on page 21 the term <4 nativity " is employed with reference only to the persons married and has no relation to their parentage. The statistics embraced in this table show that the total number of marriages in New England in 1892 was 45,310, or 90,620 persons. Of this number, the nativity of 2640 was un- specified ; 55,303 were natives, or 62.9 per cent, of those whose nativity was specified ; and 32,677, or 37.1 were of foreign birth. The percentages in the last two columns of table VIII. show that the highest ratio of persons of native birth married in 1892 was in Vermont, and the least in Massachusetts. DIVORCES. This portion of the summary will necessarily be less complete in detail than those portions which relate to vital statistics, prop- erly so-called, in consequence of a greater want of uniformity in the methods of collection of the returns of divorces in the different states. Divorce statistics were not introduced into the Registration Reports of any of the States until a comparatively recent period, but they now form a part of these reports in each one of the New England States. The whole number of divorces granted in New England in 1892. 1891. 1892. 1891. 552 347 167 * 412 165 Massachusetts Rhode Island . Connecticut . 790 296 501 799 275 475 Totals . . . 2,653 2,126 23 1892 was 2,653, and these were distributed as follows. The numbers for 1891 are also presented, except those of Maine : Maine . . . . New Hampshire . Vermont Relative Distribution. In the following table Column 1 presents the number of divorces granted in each 10,000 of the population in 1892. Column 2 presents the number granted as compared with each 100 marriages in 1892 ; and the same ratios for 1891 are given in Column 3 : Divorces in New England Relative Distribution. 1 2 3 Number in each Number in Number in 10,000 of 100 100 STATES. population. marriages. marriages. 1892. 1892. 1891. Maine 8.3 9.6 New Hampshire . . . . 9.0+ 8.5 10.5 Vermont 5.0 5.7 5.9 Massachusetts .... 3.3 3.5 3.7 Rhode Island 8.1 8.4 8.3 Connecticut 6.5 7.6 7.3 New England .... 5.4 5.8 5.6 By this table it appears that the highest number granted in 1892 as compared with the population was in New Hampshire (9.05 per 10,000), and the lowest was in Massachusetts (3.3.) As compared with the number of marriages the highest per- centage in 1892 was in Maine (9.6), and the lowest percentage was in Massachusetts (3 5.) 24 Sex of Libellants in Cases where Divorces were Granted. This is presented in four states only, Maine, New Hamp- shire, Vermont and Massachusetts. The figures are as follows : Ratio of men to 100 STATES. Men. Women. Total. women. Maine 142 410 552 35 New Hampshire ... 103 244 347 42 Vermont 53 114 167 46 Massachusetts 246 544 790 45 Total 544 1,312 1,856 41 The mean ratio of male to female libellants was -11 to 100. The greatest difference in the numbers of the sexes of libellants was in Maine (35 men to 100 women), and the least difference was in Vermont (46 men to 100 women.) Legal Causes of Divorce. The following table presents the statutory causes for which divorces may be granted in the New England states. Some of these causes are very rarely presented for the purpose of obtain- ing divorce : Causes for which Divorces may be granted in the New England States. The following are the principal causes for which divorces may be granted in the New England States : Maine. Adultery ; extreme cruelty ; impotence ; utter deser- tion for three years next prior to filing of libel ; gross and con- firmed habits of intoxication ; cruel and abusive treatment ; gross or wanton neglect or refusal to provide maintenance for wife ; nullity of marriage. New Hampshire. Divorce may be granted to either party for adultery ; impotence ; extreme cruelty ; conviction of crime punishable by imprisonment for more than one year and actual 25 imprisonment; treatment injurious to health, treatment to en- danger reason ; absence for three years together and not heard from ; habitual drunkenness for three years ; joining a religious sect which professes to believe the relation of husband and wife unlawful ; refusal to cohabit ; abandonment for three years ; nul- lity of marriage ; also to the wife if husband has been willingly absent for three years without making provision for support of wife ; to the husband, if wife has willingly absented herself for three years ; if wife has gone out of state and remained away for three years ; to the wife, if wife of an alien has lived in New Hampshire for three years, and husband has left the United States to become a citizen of some foreign country and has not returned. Vermont. To either party for adultery ; imprisonment for life, intolerable severity ; wilful desertion for three years, or for seven years, and not heard from. To wife, if husband, being able, grossly or wantonly and cruelly neglects to maintain her. Massachusetts. To either party for adultery ; impotence ; ex- treme cruelty ; utter desertion for three consecutive years next prior to filing of the libel ; gross and confirmed habits of intoxi- cation ; cruel and abusive treatment. To the wife, when the husband, being sufficiently able, grossly or wantonly refuses or neglects to provide suitable maintenance for her. Also, when either party has separated from the other without his or her consent, and has united with a religious sect or soci- ety that professes to believe the relation of husband and wife roid or unlawful, and has so continued for three years, and meantime refuses to cohabit. Or when either party has been sentenced to imprisonment at hard labor for life, or for five years or more. Gross and con- firmed drunkenness from opium and other drugs. Rhode Island. To either party for adultery ; impotence ; ex- treme cruelty ; wilful desertion for five years ; or for a shorter time in the discretion of the court ; continued drunkenness ; 26 when either party is deemed to be (on account of punishment for crime), civilly dead, or is presumed to be naturally dead, for other gross misbehevior, or wickedness of either party. To the wife, for neglect or refusal, on the part of husband, being able, to provide for her. Connecticut Adultery ; fraudulent contract ; wilful desertion for three years with total neglect of duty ; seven years' absence ; during which period the absent party has not been heard from ; habitual intemperance ; intolerable cruelty ; sentence to impris- onment for life ; any infamous crime involving a violation of conjugal duty. In the following table are presented the statistics of divorces granted in New England by causes for the year 1892, for the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut. CAUSES OF DIVORCE, 1892. Per- Causes. Maine. N. H. vt. Mass. Conn. Total. ce't'ge. Adultery 70 75 27 166 82 420 17.8 Desertion 181 143* 78* 376 219 997 42.5 Intoxication or habit- ual drunkenness . . 82 22 104 105 313 13.3 Cruel and abusive treatment .... 115 86 201 85 Extreme cruelty . . 89 42 18 69 218 9.2 Neglect to provide for wife 17 11 29 57 2.4 Imprisonment ... 2 1 4 7 3 Nullity of marriage . 4 2 6 12 .5 All other causes* . . 83 14 8 1 26 132* 5.5 522 347 167 790 501 2,357 100.0 NOTE. New Hampshire. These 143 cases included in the title " Desertion " include 14 classed as granted " for three years' absence." Vermont. Seventy- eight divorces for u desertion and wilful desertion ;" 42 divorces for " intoler- able severity. The title, " All other causes," embraces several divorces in which a combination of causes was alleged in the application. 27 Marriages of the Divorced. The following additional information is contained in the re- ports of New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Connecticut : MARRIAGES OF THE DIVORCED, 1892. Men. Women. Total. New Hampshire .... 86 90 176 Rhode Island 59 78 137 Connecticut 151 159 310 296 327 623 BIRTHS. In accordance with common practice, the term births in this summary means living births. Still-births are, therefore, con- sidered in a separate category, since they form no addition to the living population. Likewise, as deaths they subtract noth- ing from the living population ; hence they are not included in the death-rate. The term birth-rate also means the ratio of children born alive to the living population for the same reason. The number of births registered in New England in 1892 was 121,353, and the birth-rate was 24.8.* The highest birth-rate was in Massachusetts (27.8) and the lowest (19.1) was that of New Hampshire.* *NOTE It is probable that in the two states, Maine and New Hampshire, in which Registration has been operative for a shorter time than it has in the four other states, the registration of births is considerably defective. For example, the registered births in the thriving manufacturing cities of Manchester, Dover, Portsmouth, Portland and Auburn, having a population of over 114,000 in 1800, were only 2,445 in 1892, while the deaths in the same year were 2,543. Making due allowance for growth of population these indicated a birth-rate of about 20.5 and a death-rate of about 21.5. A population of this character should have had a birth-rate of not less than 27 per 1000, and there was probably a deficiency in registration of not less than 800 births in these cities. Making due allowance for increase of population there was probably a deficiency of about 3,300 births in Maine and 2,000 births in New Hampshire. The addition of these numbers would raise the birth-rate of Maine to 23.4 and that of New Hampshire to 25.1 and the combined birth-rate of New England to 25.9. 'UAVOU>1' a ;," s s : 1 02 4 I e,.^ s 2 1 S 1 ! ( ' q j et 2 S i | a 5. cf c n -,B,OX g g 1 i g ! UAVOUJl : S : : i s ^no s s s s LEGIT -, W H s 1 s S M 'l^Il B 8 g 05 UAVOU>[ 50 - i i i " GO i w >tra 8 * 1 * 1 s e,W S I s s 8 g bd ^ (S W ox S S S | 1 | eo S- n s T""1 HI t/5 i P8 S 8 O3 CM * CO 1 J 02 i M O jaqiUjj i i i r* . pQ LIVIN EKTAGI SS?H H M v I i | "SSS 4 O l>- * 10 C^l O ^ C 1 ^ Oi Ci O ^ t^ ^ *"1 ^ cJ of J ^ > ' 9 uir/ eo~ 55" tC UM.OU31 -un 8 s . s is I. H 02 ,,^ CD" co" co" j^ 1 -jT oT 2 1 , eo i Whole Number. CO b- 00 Tj< OS l> 1C 01 10 1 OS 00 t CO^ l^ CO GO O eo 1 > to g to to S STATES. 3 1 1 , w S S p 2 T; s ! i 1 11 *' S OS ^3 g g K > % & 8 29 The following table presents the births and birth-rates in New England in 1892 : BIRTHS AND BIRTH-RATES IN NEW ENGLAND IN 1892. Registered living Birth-rates, Birth-rates, States. births, 1892. 1892. 1891. Maine 13,758 20.7 New Hampshire . . 7,327 19.1 19.2 Vermont 6,558 197 20.0 Massachusetts .... 65,824 27.8 27.4 Rhode Island .... 8,899 24.5- 25.8 Connecticut 18,987 24.5+ 23.5 121,353 24.8 25.2 Births by Sexes Table IX. Of the whole number of living births, in which the sex was known, 62,050 were boys and 58,919 were girls, being in the ratio of 1,053 males to 1,000 females. The ratios^ in the dif- ferent states were as follows, to 1,000 females in each: Maine, 1,061 ; New Hampshire, 1,031 ; Vermont, 1,056 ; Massachusetts, 1,057 ; Rhode Island, 1,045 and Connecticut, 1,047. In England, for the period of 54 years, 1838-'91, the ratio was 1,043 males to 1,000 females, but the difference has diminished with considerable uniformity from 1,052 in the five- year period (1841-'45) to 1,036 in the period (1886-'90). The proportion of male to female births in other foreign countries was as follows for the ten-year period, 1870-'79 : (Newsholme.) Males born to every 1000 females born: Italy, 1,071 German Empire, 1,062 Austria, 1,068 Holland, 1,061 France, 1,064 Belgium, 1,059 Switzerland, 1,063 Scotland, 1,057 Ireland, 1,056. Births Parent Nativity. Out of 113,484 registered births in the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode 30 Island and Connecticut, 44,981 or 39.7 per cent, were of native parentage, 47,013 or 41.4 per cent, were of foreign parentage, and 21,490 were of mixed parentage (foreign father and native mother, or native father and foreign mother.) [The returns of Rhode Island and Connecticut are not strictly comparable in this particular, with those of the other states, but the discrepancy (which cannot readily be eliminated) would only affect the result to a very slight degree.] In the returns of Vermont, not included in the foregoing figures, no account is taken of births of mixed parentage, and the figures are as follows for births, the parentage of which was known: American, 5,090 or 78.2 per cent; foreign, 1,423 or 21.8 per cent. The proportion of children born of native and of foreign parentage differed considerably in the different states, the figures being as follows : Parentage of Children Born Alive. Percentages. Of Native Of Foreign Mixed Parentage. Parentage. Parentage. Maine 66.3 19.8 13.9 New Hampshire . . .' 48.8 36.5 14.7 Massachusetts. . . . 33.4 45.7 20.9 Rhode Island .... 33.2 47.2 19.6 Connecticut .... 42.4 40.9 16.7 New England . . . 39.7 41.4 18.9 No true estimate of the relative fecundity of the native and foreign-born population can be made from these figures since, as Dr. Newsholme shows, the 'two classes are not strictly conj- parable. Still births Table IX. The total number of still-births regis- tered in New England in 1892 was 4,353, being in the ratio of 35.9 per 1,000 of living births, that of 1891 being 34.8 for all of the states except Maine. 31 In the different states these ratios were as follows : Still Births, Ratio per 1000 Living Births. 1892 1891 1892 Maine, 19.6 Massachusetts, 34.8 New Hampshire, 54.1 29.2 Rhode Island, 41.7 Vermont, 36.1 37.3 Connecticut, 40.2 1891 35.3 29.7 37.0 34.8 New England 35.9 Of the whole number 2,528 were males and 1,656 were females, while the sex of 169 was not stated. The ratio of males to females was as 153 of the former to 100 of the latter. The least variation in sex was in Vermont, which had a ratio of 123 still-born males to 100 still-born females, and the greatest in Massachusetts, where the ratio was 162 to 100. Similar variations are known to prevail elsewhere. Those of France, Italy, Belgium, Sweden and Russia being respec- tively, 144, 140, 135, 133 and 129 males to 100 females for the period 1865-1875. Plural Births Table IX. The number of registered plural births in New England in 1892 was 1,153 and the product of such births was 2,316 children, of which number 2,286 were twins, and 30 were triplets. This was equivalent to one twin birth in 106 cases. Of the whole number, 1,177 were boys, 1,131 were girls, and the sex of eight was unknown. The ratio of males to females differed but little from those of all births, being in the propor- tion of 1,041 males to 1,000 females. Of the cases of triplets one occurred in New Hampshire, one in Connecticut, and eight in Massachusetts. Illegitimacy. Table IX. The facts in relation to illegitimate births are presented in the registration returns of four states Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut. In these states returns were made of 1,348 illegitimate births, which was in the ratio of 13.4 per 1,000 living births in these states. 32 The ratio in the different states was as follows : In Vermont, 10.2 per 1,000 births. In Massachusetts, 15.0 per 1,000 births. In Rhode Island, 10.7 per 1,000 births. In Connecticut, 10.3 per 1,000 births. Of the whole number, 660 were males and 610 were females. I/legitimate Birth- Rates in Other Countries. Illegitimate Illegitimate births per births per Countries. 1,000 births. Countries. 1,000 births. Ireland .... 25 Norway .... 82 Russia .... 28 Scotland .... 84 Holland .... 30 German Empire . 89 Switzerland ... 47 Denmark .... 101 England and Wales 48 Sweden .... 101 Italy 73 Saxony .... 127 France .... 74 Bavaria .... 132 Belgium .... 77 Austria .... 143 (From Bertillon.) o Births by months. In table X are presented the number of registered births by months in each of five states to- gether with the aggregates for New England. By this table it appears that the greatest number of births occurred in July (10,220) and the next greatest number was in December ; the least number occurred in February and the next lowest number was in June. In order to estimate the actual intensity of the birth-rate at different seasons of the year, the effect of the inequalities in the length of the months has here been eliminated by comparing the births in each month with a daily mean for the whole year and reducing this to a standard mean of 100. For example, the lower line should read as follows : For each 100 births which occurred in New England in 1892, in a mean monthly period of uniform length, there were 95.1 births in January, 98.3 in February, etc., in a similar period. 33 S i i i s CO t O OS GO l-H UMOUitUfl S S ' * s 1 a> j P jaqraaoaa w -to O^ Qo O o ^j Ci > Ct|> O^ -tc^ oj C os CIO Gi TH ^ o ^ T-H" o" rt ^^ s p, i 1 ^ t-(M ^C'** i (C 1 O A ? uaqmaAOK Ci CO C Oi .7 O i" O !7 O p uaqo^oo T ( O> ^t O*O Ot- ^00 O So I O I rH^ 10 rl cT I cx T 2 < o ^suSny ii II IS si i Hi ? TH^ 10^ ^ rH-" 3T : M g eg 1 3 O 8 H ^> to H "W 5 -S 5 ^in/ 1 S ^S c^8 o? 1 o" ^8 Ol S itensity < mean of J kS M ^ <1 ! H > " 5> " IP* ^> 1 fcj t3 ,un f ^OJ O>0 Ol'H CO>0 i-ilO ^s cT 11 H ' 3 v^/ 3 v 1 oo OW CM oo O'-" ^^ j Q a A'Bpf c>i 1-1 co 1-1 cc oj i 04 i.T S OK -s .ti H *> T I >O T 1 Oi SP-S P H )2 S H S Oo ooo ooo ,-10 -Mr-i S5 n ^ JS p: } IP V S-- *- S* s S- 01 oT & * TJMtH 1 lO (MO GO>O &l *D CCt> 11 eo ^J2 52^" ^S ^?? ii fa. 2 ^^ ^ T-l~ aT 1 " 1 ^w teiuq^ oo So 3c? Sol S Ii 1" r-r^ ^o T-T^ GO ~>A AM,nu^r 23 1 |g gi 11 sS ?8 l-H 06 S ^2 8 : : : t : j JB i^ g -s rt 1 S -2 o 2 H * e ,d tt -g CJ W rt 1 1151 ! TH * ! - 1 1 i oJ A H -8 2 w i g | S ^ ^ S W O Deaths by Nativity. The comments made upon the subject of Nativity under the head of Marriages and Births, apply also to the subject of Deaths. From the registered deaths in Maine, New Hampshire, Massa- chusetts and Connecticut (table XI) it appears that 62,671 deaths, or 74.5 per cent., were those of persons of native birth, and, 18,899, or 22.5 per cent., were of persons of foreign birth, and the nativity of 2,497 was unknown. The highest ratio of deaths of persons of native birth in these four states was in Maine, (83.5) and the lowest (71.8) was in Massachusetts. Deaths ly Ages. Of the whole number of deaths registered in New England in 1892 (97,345), there were 96,838 whose ages were known and are stated in Table XII. Of this number, 19,089 were under 1 year of age, or 19.71 per cent. There were also 8,025 deaths or 8.29 per cent, in the next class or period of life, 1-4 years. The remaining percentages may be found in the table. It is quite manifest, however, that these figures have but very little value, so long as complete census returns of the living population of this district, classified by ages, were not obtainable at the time when this summary was compiled. The fact, for example, that the deaths in Vermont of in- fants under 1 year constituted but 16 per cent, of the deaths in that state, while those in Rhode Island constituted 22 per cent., or that the deaths of persons between 80 and 90 years in Vermont were relatively more than double those of Rhode Island for the same period of life, has no significance so long as we are ignorant of the number of persons living at those ages in each state. Hence, the only accurate conclusion as to the comparative value of the statistics in this table is that which can be made from the figures in the first column (infants under 1), by com- parison with the births in the same state, and since the returns of births in Maine and New Hampshire are manifestly defective, 37 5 i g I 1 g co wox '7^1 t*~ 00 ^ o T I oT n 3 S 9 s 05 T-H I +001 ;- * ? M O) SS 001-06 T*l (N r1 -H SS 8S % SS S^ COrH . '06-08 88 |$. es 1 ^ j ^- 1 - S8 CO 00 T-T^ co- t- '08-01 70 O O O i-T'"" 1 T-^O 1-- ci T-H~ il T-T '01-09 COW O H Cv ^ 1^* ^ -t (N CiN sg Ii CO ,11 co r PJ ^ -t 1-1 09-OQ ga s !|* T-H OO CO O> Ii 3 T I ** ^ 00 OQ-Ot El Is cc o l--r^ II TH t> ggj O t- CO TH t- Of-08 iO^ 0^ I- CO OW c:S O O ss 28 CO t- co ^ I 'OS-OS co oo :o o i -i o o l ~ c: 06 o 11 il SC co |S THOO -n H 00 m* 'M iM fN S3 53 S3 ^ I! 15 p OI-S Tl 00 O 00 ^ ^ CO *"* 'M c3 rH e>i s || SS S^ <0 CO II TH (M '9-1 ^30 01 10 | *JO Q ?r'S ii 12 C 1 ^ 06 12 ^ ^ 00 '\ .lapitfi t^" ^4 <7<| CO co o 11 Ii 2 IS T-H T-H o i i (N Ci T-H 3 j 1 1 a CO p I Maine New Hampsl Yermont . . . Massachuset Rhode Islanc Connecticut. a a W 1 38 m M CM OS OO 02 /"~N W oo a ^ B aunf C^ rH CO O 00 W Tfi 1 CO_oo J*O o? co" C oo rH O co'* Sal JO >O (N O ^6 I^OT US oooo CO (MOT CO CM is II t OT tOt~ Oil> CO0 S2 wl 8S 8> rH"^ rH^ 55 O^ w S co" S 11 II co o CO(N rH O5 t-^ coo CO 00 CC OT Si M 3 C J KB 1O O< GO " S t- GO 5 00 O i-l 3* 40 the comparison can only be correctly made in the remaining states. In these states the ratio of the deaths of infants under 1 to the births was as follows : In Vermont, 149.6 per 1,000 births. In Massachusetts, 161.8 per 1,000 births. In Rhode Island, 175.5 per 1,000 births. In Connecticut, 152.8 per 1,000 births. Seasonal Mortality. In Table XIII. are presented the statis- tics of deaths by months in each of the five states for the year 1892. By this table it appears that in each state, as well as in the whole group, the greatest mortality occurred in January (the month in which influenza prevailed to its greatest extent.) The percentage of the yearly mortality in this month was 17.5 in New Hampshire, or nearly double that of any other month of the year. The lowest mortality, 6.5 per cent, of the yearly deaths, was in June. This month also had the lowest mortality in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, while the lowest mortality in Maine was in November and December, and in Rhode Island in October and November. In Table XIV. are presented the birth and death-rates for each quarter and each state except Vermont, and the quarterly mar- riage rate for each state except Vermont and Connecticut, and for these states collectively. Causes of Death. It will be impossible in this summary to state with any degree of accuracy the number of deaths in New England, from unknown, unspecified and ill-defined causes, for the reason that in the different states the deaths embraced in these terms, are variously classified. In some states, for example, the deaths registered as due to heart failure are embraced in this term, in another the deaths from sunstroke, in some the deaths from tumor, hemorrhage, etc., so that it is impossible to state the 41 number which should be embraced in these terms, It is also true that indefinite terms like " cephalitis " should be dropped and replaced by some intelligible names. From this cause one person is said to have died in Vermont in 1892 and 1,436 in Massachusetts. No just comparison could, therefore, be made of statistics relating to diseases of such uncertain and indefinite nomenclature. On the other hand, the deaths from specified causes, and especially those from infectious diseases, are undoubtedly quite trustworthy and those of one state are comparable with those of another as well as with those of other countries. For this reason no attempt is here made to present a complete tabular list of all diseases, since, in one state, one classification prevails, and in another state another and more recent classification is in use. That of Dr. Farr is still in use, where it was first adopted, while states in which registration is of more recent date, have made commendable changes. It is quite plain that the rapid progress of medical science demands a change in the nosology in use in some of the states. The plan adopted in this summary is simply that of compar- ing separately the statistics of the causes of death from certain diseases which are recognized as preventable, destructive, and dangerous to the public health, together with certain other causes which are of public interest and importance, or possibly have a local, or temporary, character. Most of the infectious diseases are embraced in the table. The statistics of well-de- fined diseases of this character may be considered as reasonably accurate. In table XV., the figures presented are the number of deaths in each state in 1892 from each of certain causes, together with the ratio per 10,000 of the living population of each state. The totals and means for New England are also given. Small pox. There were only 10 registered deaths from small- pox in New England in 1892. Two of these occurred in Massa- chusetts, 4 in Rhode Island, and 4 in Connecticut. The death- rate per 10,000 of the estimated living population of New England from this cause was .02. 42 . J CO ^ CO O5 O i ^ i-H CO rH (M 10 rH '""' rH r^ CO t rH O5 i co" 1 1 CO <7O 01 Thi cq i | I eC >o" S" 1 ! 1 i 3. co" ^ CO CO CO CO CO O <* CM CO rH CO (N 10 o* CO (M CO ^ rH i-H rH 0} ^ 05 3 rH CD t- rH 00 1 i 5? CD 22 8 S rH rH 1 3 8 1 1 i ^ t- 10 O t- CO O ^ o O5 t- t~- ^ o o o 05 1-1 Ol "t id Oi C5 rH *" 00 t- 1 8 CO rH rH t- CD CO co co 1 i 1 2 1 rH * CO O CO CO t- O5 rH rH C5 10 CO CO vH O5 O5 rH O CO GO 10 10 t- O 1 1 rH CO oi 10* 00 1 1 ^ 1 1 I CO 8 't rH CO s g 1 3 05 CO rH rH CO l_aj CO CO o rH iO rH O CO rH CO CO rH rH 1 I CO O O5 Ol CO rH rH rH O5 CO O CO >0 CO rH' rH i CO O5 rH CO O5 iO CO "08 Vto> fat! |5S slaj fc P4 s ft Q ft^ a 1 Boston, Mass., 418,477 5,315 15,466 11,221 23.3 261 5.5 485 10.2 2 Providence, R. I. , . . . 132,146 1 592 3,953 2,964 21.4 38 2.7 72 5.2 3 Worcester, Mass.,... 84,655 '878 2,853 1,817 19.6 15 1.6 69 7.5 4 New Haven, Conn.,. 81,298 918 2,581 1,779 19.5 44 4.8 84 9.2 5 Lowell, Mass., 77,696 948 2,731 2,229 26.6 13 1.5 28 3.3 6 Fall River, Mass , . . 74,398 872 2,596 1,986 24.0 27 3.3 59 7.1 Cambridge, Mass., . . 70,028 733 2,338 1,523 20.4 16 2.1 53 7.1 8 Lynn, Mass., 55,727 657 1,653 1,086 18.0 3 .5 30 5.0 9 Hartford, Conn., 53,230 633 1,401 1,277 22.9 31 5.5 103 18.5 10 11 Bridgeport, Conn.,. . Lawrence, Mass.,... 48,866 44,654 570 538 1,699 1,311 955 1,246 17 4 26.4 18 44 3.3 9.3 22 28 4.0 5.9 12 13 Springfield, Mass.,. . Manchester, N. H.,. 44,179 44,126 469 739 1,395 1029 995 1,038 21.2 22.2 14 2 3.0 .4 48 11 10.2 2.3 14 New Bedford, Mass., 40,733 515 1,659 991 22.5 4 .9 10 2.3 15 Somerville, Mass.,.. 40,152 426 1,282 718 15.9 13 2.9 8 1.8 16 Portland, Me. 36,425 207 808 782 21.2 3 .8 12 3.2 17 Holyoke, Mass , 35,637 413 1,646 922 23.4 13 3.3 71 18.1 18 Salem, Mass., 30,801 293 890 717 22.5 ' 3 .9 11 3.4 19 Waterbury, Conn. .. 28,646 291 1,210 710 19.4 7 1.9 20 5.5 20 Chelsea, Mass., 27,909 342 918 650 22.5 13 4.5 18 6.2 21 Pawtucket, R. I .... 27,633 331 726 642 21.6 5 1.7 9 3.0 22 Haverhill, Mass.,... 27,412 314 781 495 16.5 5 1.7 2 .7 23 Brockton, Mass., . . . . 27,294 279 711 416 13.7 2 .7 15 4^9 24 Taunton, Mass., 25,448 232 714 595 22.7 8 3.0 12 4.6 25 Gloucester, Mass.,. 24,651 223 652 431 16.6 4 1.5 2 .8 26 Newton, Mass., 24,379 247 639 393 14.8 _ - 8 3.0 43 Norwich, Conn., 23,048 222 584 455 19.4 9 3.8 6 2.6 27 Maiden, Mass , 23,031 244 787 452 17.1 7 2.6 13 4.9 28 Fitchburg, Mass. , . . . 22,037 293 909 445 17.5 2 .8 6 2.4 29 Lewiston, Me , 21,701 250 535 340 15.2 - - 9 4.0 30 Meriden, Conn. , 21,652 244 834 455 17.0 1 .4 13 4.8 31 Woonsocket, R. I.,.. 20,830 220 713 445 19.3 2.6 8 3.5 32 Lincoln, R. I. 20,355 170 701 450 20.7 2 .9 4 1.8 33 Newport, R. I , 19,457 151 488 404 20.8 4 2.0 27 13.9 34 Nashua N H., 19,311 266 698 402 19.6 _ _ 3 1.5 35 Bangor Me., 19,103 211 365 364 18.3 _ 36 Waltham, Mass., ... 18,767 219 575 319 15.7 10 4.9 _ _ 37 Warwick, R. I., 17,761 171 480 381 19.1 2 1.0 8 4.0 38 39 Norwalk. Conn. , Pittsfield, Mass...... 17,747 17,281 155 128 431 502 336 322 18.3 17.5 2 10 1.1 5.4 15 12 8.1 6.5 40 Concord. N. H. 17,004 176 416 415 23.5 3 1.7 3 1.7 41 Quincy Mass. . . . 16,723 148 613 288 15.1 2 1.1 10 5.4 42 New Britain, Conn., 16,519 218 644 353 17.6 3 1.5 17 8.5 44 North Adams, Mass. , 16,074 154 602 345 19.7 8 4.6 34 19.5 45 Stamford, Conn. , 15,700 94 495 378 22.8 29 17.5 28 16.8 46 Northampton. M ass . , 14,990 128 366 267 16.8 6 3.8 9 5.7 47 Burlington, Vt., 14,590 150 396 338 22.2 4 2.6 3 2.0 48 Biddeford, Me. 14,443 151 509 408 27.6 _ _ 20 13.5 49 Chicopee, Mass. , 14,050 232 567 395 26.2 7 4.6 5 3.3 50 Newburyport, Mass. , 13,947 113 338 310 22.2 4 2.8 23 16.4 51 52 Marlboro, Mass , New London, Conn., 13,805 13,757 116 154 444 369 241 287 16.1 19.9 3 6 2.0 4.2 3 2 2.0 1.4 53 Wob urn, Mass., 13,499 95 419 270 19.0 4 2,8 8 5.6 54 Dover, N. H. 12,790 105 296 331 25.4 2 1.5 10 7.7 55 Brookline, Mass.,. . . 12,103 143 364 196 14.8 _ _ 4 3.0 56 Rutland Vt 11,760 104 264 209 16.6 _ _ 19 15.1 57 Auburn M^e 11.250 103 151 182 15.7 3 2.6 5 4 3 58 Medford, Mass., .... 11,079 85 330 207 17.4 3 2.5 3 2.5 59 11,068 123 511 255 19.4 3 2.3 10 7.6 60 Weymouth, M ass. , . . 10,866 80 234 200 18.3 2 1.8 4 3.7 61 Beverly, Mass., 10,821 78 248 206 18.0 _ _ 1 .9 62 Augvista, Me., 10,527 151 206 222 20.4 - 1.0 7 6.4 63 Clinton, Mass., 10,424 122 342 160 14.5 2 .8' 2 1.8 64 Ansonia, Conn , 10,342 89 374 185 16.8 1 .9 4 3.6 65 Hyde Park, Masa.,.. 10,193 81 280 164 15.0 _ - 3 2.8 66 Peabody, Mass., .... 10,158 56 219 156 15.0 1 1.0 _ _ 67 Greenwich, Conn.,.. 10,131 55 214 177 16.7 1 .9 1 .9 All the Cities,. . . . - 25,223 72,456 51,293 21.0 758 3.1 1.552 6.3 OVER 10,000 INHABITANTS IN RACK, FOR THE YEAR 1892. Population by Census of 1890. RATES FROM CERTAIN CAUSES, PER 10,000 LIVING. 6 1! o>Ti 80 , 1" 2 3.2 P33 3 1. || fl . o.S Ss ! 1:1 P >d * _! A 3 "** 3 CM Deaths Typhoi ver. Death fromTj Fever. Deaths Choleri fantum sif ll Q Deaths Phthisi i Deaths Pneum Death from monia. Deaths Broncl: 5 3.2 Q*" 1 ' Number 137 2.9 563 11.9 1,552 32.8 1,144 24.2 643 11.5 1 52 3.8 201 14.5 371 26.8 277 20.0 130 9.4 2 17 1.8 127 13.9 207 22.5 158 17.3 84 9.1 3 26 2.9 142 15.6 168 18.5 146 ie.o 104 11.4 4 77 9.2 229 27.3 231 27.6 215 25.7 114 13. G 8 27 3.3 228 27.5 163 19.7 175 21.2 101 12. '2 6 15 2.0 92 13.3 216 28.9 132 17.7 74 i.9 13 2.2 74 12.3 134 22.2 136 22.6 28 4.6 s 46 8.2 53 9.5 129 23.2 117 21.0 45 8.0 9 7 1.3 61 11.1 93 17.0 98 17.9 '_". i 5.3 10 50 10.6 130 27.6 95 20.1 156 33.1 27 517 11 39 8.3 63 13.4 116 24.6 76 16.1 48 10/2 12 5 1.1 102 21.8 91 19.4 50 10.7 38 8.1 13 15 3.4 72 16.3 125 28.3 84 19.0 29 6.G 14 14 3.1 38 8.4 90 19.9 68 15.1 ;> 7.1 15 6 1.6 29 7.8 80 21.7 107 29.0 20 5.4 16 16 4.1 72 18.3 88 22.4 102 26.0 30 7.G 17 18 5.6 46 14.4 77 24.2 78 24.5 32 10.0 18 29 8.0 75 20.5 80 21.9 65 17.8 31 8.5 1!) 10 3.5 34 11.8 83 28.7 71 24.6 21 7.2 20 15 5.0 71 23.8 54 18.2 41 13.8 46 15.4 21 13 4.3 26 8.6 80 26.6 44 14.6 16 5.3 22 8 2.6 16 5.2 49 16.1 52 17.1 11 3.6 23 9 3.4 30 11.5 61 23.3 67 26.6 M 9.2 24 3 1.1 16 6.1 50 19.3 48 18.5 11 4.2 25 4 1.5 17 6.4 46 17.4 46 17.4 19 7.1 26 4 1.7 38 16.2 51 21.8 44 18.8 6 2.6 43 G 2.3 23 8.7 52 19.7 29 11.0 r 2.7 '27 _ _ 40 15.7 43 16.9 54 21.2 i ) 7.4 28 36 1G.2 47 21.1 30 13.5 32 14.4 11 4.9 29 10 3.7 47 17.5 49 18.3 34 12.7 10 3.7 30 8 3.5 50 21.7 52 22.6 48 20.8 la 5.6 31 10 . 4.5 81 37.1 51 23.5 29 13.7 2S 12.9 32 5 2.6 31 16.0 35 18.0 37 19.0 1$ 9.8 33 7 3.4 36 17.5 26 12.7 55 26.8 ( A 10.7 34 21 10.7 14 7.1 56 28.5 40 20.4 11 5.6 35 5 2.5 7 3.4 59 29.0 46 22.6 15 7.4 36 6 3.0 64 32.1 32 16.1 34 17.1 7 3.5 37 6 3.2 19 10.3 27 14.6 30 16.2 18 !.7 38 6 3.3 9 4.9 37 20.1 51 27.7 13 7.0 39 2 1.1 20 11.3 35 19.8 44 25.0 7 ;; ; 40 7 3.8 11 5.9 51 27.5 17 9.1 6 3.2 41 9 4.5 29 14.5 27 13.5 39 19.5 20 10.0 4'' 11 6.3 26 14.9 41 23.4 41 23.4 5 2.8 44 5 3.0 14 8.4 26 15.7 52 31.4 8 4.8 45 3 1.9 20 12.6 27 17.1 28 17.7 13 8.2 46 3 2.0 37 24.3 41 26.9 17 11.1 3 2.0 47 18 12.2 53 35.8 40 27.0 53 35.8 9 6.1 48 24 15.9 36 23.9 41 27.2 39 25.9 20 13.3 49 3 2.1 14 10.0 42 29.9 23 16.3 13 9.2 50 3 2.0 17 11.3 30 20.0 30 20.0 5 3.3 51 9 6.3 23 15.9 29 20.1 19 13.2 G 4.2 52 8 5.6 12 8.4 35 24.6 25 17.6 <) 6.3 53 5 3.8 18 13.8 37 28.4 30 23.0 5 3.8 54 1 .8 10 7.5 19 14.3 21 15.8 9 6.8 55 2 1.6 21 16.7 25 19.9 25 19.9 1 .8 56 3 2.6 10 8.6 16 13.8 22 19.0 2 1.7 57 2 1.7 15 12.6 18 15.1 14 11.8 8 G.7 58 1 .8 19 14.4 30 22.8 28 21.2 8 6.1 .V.I 4 3.7 8 7.3 20 18.3 17 15.6 14 12.8 80 3 2.6 6 5.2 27 23.6 18 15.7 11 ') (i (ll g 8.3 26 23.8 35 32.1 32 29.4 11 10.1 62 1 .9 23 20.9 13 11.8 12 10.9 10 9.1 63 8 7.2 17 15.5 20 18.2 13 11.8 17 15.5 64 3 2.8 6 5.8 '24 2'2 22 20.2 7 G.4 fid 4 3.8 11 10.6 15 14.4 17 4 8.8 mi 3 2.8 IB 14.2 15 14.2 5 4.7 7 (>. ii C7 955 3.9 3,630 14.9 5,908 24.2 5,019 20.5 2,124 8.7 - 52 From Measles. Deaths per 10,000 of the living population. The deaths from Measles were omitted from the foregoing table for economy of space. In forty-two cities, no deaths from this cause were registered in 1892. Those in the re- maining cities were as follows : Boston, 34 ; Manchester, 18 ; New Haven, 12 ; Providence, 11 ; Lowell, 11 ; Woonsocket, 10 ; Fall River, 8 ; Holyoke, 8 ; Auburn, 5 ; Springfield, 3 ; Cam- bridge, Portland, Newport and Warwick, 2 each ; and Worces- ter, Lynn, Hartford, Bridgeport, Lawrence, Waterbury, Brockton, Newton, Quincy, New Britain and Chicopee, 1 each. The highest death-rates from this cause were those of Woon- socket, 4.3; Auburn, 4.3; Manchester, 3.8; Holyoke, 2.0; and New Haven, 1.3 ; per 10,000 living. From Scarlet-fever. The maximum death-rates from scarlet- fever were as follows : Stamford, 17.5 ; Lawrence, 9.3 ; Hartford, 5.5 ; Boston, 5.5 ; Pittsfield, 5.4 ; Waltham, 4.9 ; Chicopee, 4.6 ; Chelsea, 4.5 ; and there were no deaths from scarlet-fever in the following cities : Newton, Brookline, Rutland, Lewiston, Beverly, Nashua, Augusta, Bangor, Biddeford, Hyde Park. From Diphtheria and Croup. The maximum and minimum death-rates from diphtheria and croup were as follows : North Adams . . 19.5 Hartford . . . 18.5 Holyoke . . .18.1 Stamford . . 16.8 Newburyport . . 16.4 Rutland . . 15.1 Newport . . . 13.9 Biddeford . . .13.5 Boston . . . 10.2 Springfield. . . 10.2 Nashua . . .1.5 New London . 1.4 Beverly . . .9 Greenwich . .9 Gloucester . .8 Haverhill . .7 Lynn ... .5 Bangor . . Waltham . Peabody . . 53 16.2 15.9 Portland . Rutland . . 1.6+ . 1.6 12.2 Newton . 1.5 10.7 10.6 Bridgeport Gloucester . 1.3 . 1.15 9.1 Concord . . 1.1 8.3 Manchester . 1.07 8.3 Clinton . 1 . .9 8.2 Brookline . . .8 8.0 Everett .8 Typhoid Fever. The maximum and death-rates from typhoid-fever were as follows : DEATH-RATES PER 10,000. Lewiston Chicopee Biddeford . Bangor Lawrence . Lowell Springfield . Augusta Hartford Waterbury . Cholera Infantum. The maximum and minimum death-rates from cholera infantum were as follows : . 7.5 . 7.3 . 7.1 . 6.4 . 6.1 . 5.5 . 5.2 . 5.2 . 4.9 . 3.4 Phthisis. From consumption the maximum and minimum death-rates were as follows : Lincoln . 37.1 Brookline Biddeford . . 35.8 Weymouth Warwick . 32.1 Bangor Lawrence . . 27.6 Newton Fall River . . 27.5 Gloucester Lowell . 27.3 Hyde Park Burlington . . 243 Brockton Chicopee . 23.9 Beverly Augusta . 23.8 Pittsfield Pawtucket . 23.8 Waltham Boston . 32.8 Medford . 15.1 Augusta . 32.1 Norwalk . 14.6 Newburyport . 29.9 Peabody . 14.4 Waltham . . 29.0 Brookline . . 14.3 Cambridge . 28.9 Greenwich . . 14.2 Chelsea . 28.7 Auburn . 13.8 Bangor . 28.5 New Britain . 13.5 Dover . 28.4 Lewiston . 13.5 New Bedford . 28.3 Nashua . 12.7 Lowell . 27.6 Clinton 11.8 64 It is worthy of notice that all of the following cities lying on or quite near the southern sea-coast of New England had death-rates from Phthisis considerably below the mean : Fall River, Newport, Warwick, New London, New Haven, Bridge- port, Stamford, Norwalk, Greenwich. Pneumonia. The maximum pneumonia were as follows : Biddeford . . 35.8 Lawrence . . .33.1 Stamford . . . 31.4 Augusta j . . 29.4 Portland . . . 29.0 Pittsfield . . . 27.7 Nashua . . . 26.8 Holyoke . . . 26.0 Chicopee . . . 25.9 Lowell 25.7 and minimum death-rates from Pawtucket Lincoln . New London Ansonia . Medford . Burlington Maiden . Clinton . Manchester Quincy . 13.8 13.7 13.2 11.8+ 11.8- 11.1 11.0 10.9 10.7 9.1 Bronchitis. The maximum and minimum death-rates from bronchitis were as follows : Ansonia Pawtucket Lowell Chicopee . Lincoln Weymouth Fall River . Boston New Haven Nashua The following figures present the combined death-rates from these three diseases phthisis, pneumonia and bronchitis in those cities which had the highest and lowest mortality from these causes in 1892 : 15.5 Brockton . 3.6 15.4 Warwick .3.5 13.6 Marlboro' . 3.3 13.3 12.9 Quincy North Adams . 3.2 . 2.8 12.8 Maiden . ' . 2.7 12.2 Norwich . 2.6 11.5 11.4 Burlington . Auburn . 2.0 . 1.7 10.7 Rutland .8 55 Phthisis, Pneumonia and Bronchitis. DEATHS PER 10,000 POPULATION. Augusta Biddeford Boston Lowell Chicopee Chelsea Waltham Salem . Taunton 71.6 68.9 68.5 66.9 66.4 60.5 59.0 58.7 58.1 Brockton Warwick Peabody A uburn Medford Maiden Lewiston Clinton Greenwich 36.8 36.7 34.6 34.5 33.6 33.4 32.8 31.8 25.5 The death-rates of each of the remaining bities from the fore- going causes may be found in table XVI. Interesting results are obtained by grouping the cities in this table according to their populations. While such a classification cannot be considered as an exact division of the cities according to the density of their popula- tions, it may be taken as an approximate grouping of this nature. Four groups are made, the first embracing the two cities having more than 100,000 inhabitants in each. Boston and Providence, with a total estimated population in 1892 of 612,298. The second group includes those cities having more than 50,000, but less than 100,000 in each, the total estimated popu- lation being 535,238. The third group includes those cities having more than 25,000, but less than 50,000 in each, with a total estimated population of 570,230. The fourth group embraces the remaining cities and towns having more than 10,000, but less than 25,000, in each, with a total estimated population of 723,652 in 1892. This general division of the whole district may fairly be compared with the remainder of the district comprising a 56 nearly equal population, the estimated population of the urban population in 1892 being 2,441,418, and that of the rural population being 2,444,987. The marriage, birth and death-rates of these two principal groups of population were as follows for 1892, still bearing in mind the probable deficiency of birth registration in Maine and New Hampshire : Marriage-rates. Birth-rates. Death-rates. Urban Group 1. . . 20.66 29.68 21.01 Rural Group 1 16 42 20 00 18 72 Reducing these figures to a standard of 1,000 for the total population the rank of these populations would stand as follows : Married Persons. Births. Deaths. I Urban Group 1114 1195 1058 New England. .1 1OOO 100O 1000 Rural Group . . 886 805 943 The foregoing may be read as follows : For each 1,000 persons married in New England as a whole, there were in equal numbers living in the urban population, 1,114 persons married, and in the rural population 886, &c. For the diseases mentioned in table XVI. a similar method of presentation gives the following results, in this case the number 100 for New England as a whole being taken as the standard of comparison, four divisions, a In this grouping the cities are presented in already suggested : 57 GENERAL MORTALITY AND MORTALITY FROM EIGHT DISEASES BY GROUPS. 1 ee {, I | * 13 & . % ? T3 Cj M Pi c ' Groups. || * 4d li 1 if a 3 t i | S| 1 pi 1 s| 3 4 March April 29.91 30.00 29.7 44.8 1.8 fl.8 &.20 1.02 0.75 2.1:; Mav 29.97 53 6 1.4 5.28 + 1.7'.) Jllll6 29.96 68.1 + 1.7 8.92 + 0.42 July 30.02 70.0 +0.6 2.91 1.03 August September October 30.01 30.13 29.93 67.8 58.5 44.6 +0.1 0.7 0.3 5.45 2.24 1.50 1-1.22 1.17 2.3S November December. 30.04 29 98 37.7 M '.) 0.3 2.2 5.10 1.32 + 1.10 2.15 Mean 30.01 45.85 +0.2 0.48 Total 39.79 ' 14 DAY TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED LOAN DEPT. RENEWALS ONLY 1 books are Abject to immediate recall. o> LD 21A-40m-2, Ui7 (J6057slO)476 A-32 .General Library University of California Berkeley THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY