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 SCENES 
 FROM EVERY LAND 
 
 PICTURING THE PEOPLE, NATURAL PHENOMENA 
 
 AND ANIMAL LIFE OF ALL PARTS 
 
 OF THE WORLD 
 
 THIRD SERIES 
 
 EDITEn 15V 
 
 GILBERT H. GROSVENOR 
 
 DIRECTOR AND EDITOR OF THE 
 
 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC 
 
 SOCIETY 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 U. S. A.
 
 Copyright, li»07, 1909, and 1912, 
 
 by the 
 
 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
 
 THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 
 
 THE National Gfo<^raphic Society, which publishes this volume, is by many 
 thousands the lar<i;est scientific society in the world and the most iniiciue 
 educational association in existence. 
 
 The National Ge()<rraphic Society was founded in January, 1«S8. by a small 
 group of explorers and research students in Washington, "to promote the increase 
 and diffusion of geographic knowledge." For the first ten years its membership 
 was limited exclusively to technical geographers. They were aml)itious that tiie 
 Society should conduct explorations and researches of its own, and that it should 
 also strive to make the study of geography more interesting in our schools and to 
 the public at large. But to achieve these laudable purposes more funds were 
 necessary than were provided by the small annual fees of several hundred mem- 
 bers. Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, who became president of the organization in 
 1898, suggested that both objects might be secured if the Society could develop a 
 geographical magazine of sufficient interest to be supported by the public ; tliat 
 a magazine of large circulation would earn a revenue for the Society which could 
 be devoted to explorations and research, and at the same time the magazine, by 
 reaching many thousands of readei*s each month, would also accomplish the second 
 object of the society, namely — popularize geographical study. 
 
 The Society adopted Dr. Bell's suggestion and opened its doors to all who 
 desired to promote geographical science — teachers, lawyers, bankers, agricultur- 
 ists, engineers, physicians. Every worthy man or woman who wished to study the 
 world upon which we live was admitted to its membership rolls — the only limi- 
 tation being that he or she be nominated by one already a member — and at the 
 same time the journal of the society, which had hitherto been strictly technical, 
 and which the Society had with difficulty supported, was changed so as to appeal 
 to every thoughtful, but not necessarily technical, reatk . The scientific standard 
 of the magazine was maintained, but many popular features were added and the 
 articles were designed to be of interest to every one. 
 
 The plan has proved most successful. To-day the Society has a membership of 
 150,000, an income of more than $350,000 a year, and after payment of all 
 expenses for its very handsome magazine, has an annual sum of S50.0()() 
 to $60,000 available for geographical research and exploration. Thus the 
 National Geographic Society, unlike every other scientific society, is supported 
 in luxury by its magazine, instead of being cramped to support its journal. 
 
 The popularity and success of the National Geographic Magazine are justified 
 by its contents. No magazine in the world prints so many wonderfully uni(|ue 
 illustrations, such large, useful, and distinctive maps, or so many stimulating and 
 instructive articles by prominent men as the National Geographic Magazine. In 
 its educational value we believe the magazine is unequaled by any other periodical. 
 
 Explorers in the most remote corners of the earth are identified with the 
 National Geographic Society and this magazine. Its truthful narrati\es rival in 
 interest the fables of old. and the wonders of photography are revealed in its 
 illustrations. 
 
 The magazine each year makes a volume of 1,300 pages, containing more than 
 eleven hundred pictures, several large colored maps, and several panoramas. 
 Some special features of the magazine, besides its maps and illustrations, are : 
 
 1. Timely information about those parts of the world most prominent in 
 the public eye. It has recently published a China number, with V20 illustrations, 
 and a map of China, 16x5^4 inches, in colors; a Panama Canal number, with 
 forty-eight illustrations: a Russia-Siberia number, with 100 illustrations, fifty 
 
 [3]
 
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 SCENE S FROM E V B R V LAN D ] s 
 
 being in colors; a National Parks number, with ninety illustrations; a Mexico 
 number, with a map in five colors, llxil-i/, inciies, and titb-t'oiu- illustrations; 
 a Philippine number, with 102 illustrations ; a North Africa number, with articles 
 on Morocco and Tunis, etc., with fifty-five illustrations; a Portugal number 
 with fifty-two illustrations of Portugal and its colonies ; a mountain numlK-r, with 
 forty pictures of the world's most beautiful and famous peaks ; an Alaska numl)er 
 with superb illustrations of the migiity mountains of our northern territory ; an 
 Africa nund)er. with a large map; an Arctic number, with a map 18 x 18 inches 
 in nine colors, showing routes of all explorers, etc., and three wild game numbers, 
 each containing over seventy extraordinary photos of bull moose, caribou, deer, 
 pelicans, wild geese, man-o'-war birds, etc., by Hon. George Shiras, 5d. 
 
 2. Wonderfully illustrated articles of foreign travel and foreign people. 
 
 A recent number contains sixty superb pictures illustrating the peoph- and 
 marvelous temples of India; the most remarkable series of Indian photographs 
 yet published. Another luunber contains seventy full-page illustrations of scenes 
 in fascinating Ceylon. Another nund)er, sixty full-page pictures of the most pro- 
 fusely and richly carved group of buildings in the world, in Cambodia. 
 
 3. A popular and authentic record of the marvelous geographic work of the 
 United States Government. The Government Reclamation Service, for instance, 
 has a fund of $100,000,000, which is being invested in irrigation works. The 
 United States Forest Service has charge of 134,606,058 acres of forest land, 
 worth $1,500,000,000; the United States Department of Agriculture has 
 explorers scouring the earth for new plants and new fruits with wliich to enrich 
 our country. 
 
 The National Geographic Magazine is sent to every member of the National 
 Geographic Society free of charge. As stated above, it is printed by the Society 
 for the sole purpose of increasing and diffusing geographic knowledge. It is not 
 published to make a fortune for any individual, but is the property of a great 
 national organization which reinvests practically all receipts from the Magazine 
 in the publication itself, or in research work by the Society. 
 
 The National Geographic Society is conducting explorations in many regions. 
 In 1912, in co-operation with Yale University, it has maintained a large expedi- 
 tion in Peru, making geographical, geological, and arclueological investigations 
 around Cuzco, in a region which is generally believed to have been the birthplace 
 of the famous and little-known Inca race. It also has an expedition in Alaska investi- 
 gating the recent eruption of Mount Katmai, this study being j)riliminary to a 
 comprehensive investigation of what is perhaps the most stupendous volcanic belt 
 on the earth. Another party is making a biological survey of the country east of 
 Hudson Bay. The Society has just concluded a series of investigations, extending 
 over three years, of the glaciers of Alaska, one of the most important fields of 
 geographical research in America. Its earlier expeditions to Alaska did much 
 pioneer work in the exploration of that territory. In 1902, the Society sent an 
 expedition to Mount Pelee and La Souffriere to study the terrible erui)tions of 
 these volcanoes. The Society has assisted various Arctic expeditions. notal)lv tl:e 
 last expedition of Robert E. Peary, which discovered the North Pole, April 6, 
 1909. In 1909, it sent to Sicily a trained geologist to investigate the Messina 
 earthquake. A popular account of all expeditions is printed in the Magazine, while 
 the technical results appear in separate monographs published by the Society. 
 
 Other activities of the Society include the maintenance of a geographical 
 library at its headquarters in Washington, the award of gold mi-dals for achieve- 
 ments in discovery and geographical research, and an annual series of addresses 
 at the National Capital by prominent men. During the jjast several years tiie 
 
 [7]
 
 SCENES FROM EVERV LAND 
 
 [8]
 
 c 
 
 SCENES FROM EVERY LAND 
 
 Society's pro^nuu has included President Tail, President lloosevelt, C"ol. Cieorge 
 W. Goethals, Chief Engineer Panama Canal, Robert E. Peary, Sir Harry Johnston, 
 Sir Ernest H. Shackleton, Ambassador Bryce, Ambassador Jusserand, itoald 
 Anunidsen, President Cliarles \V. Eliot of Harvard University, (iitford Pinchot. 
 Sir Wilfrid T. Grenfell, George Kennan, Dr. H. VV. Wiley, Dr. L. (). Houard, 
 etc. The addresses are published in the Magazine. 
 
 The handsome building which the association occupies was erected bv the 
 family of its first president, Hon. (Jardiner Greene Hubbard, as a memorial to 
 him, and given to the Society for its home. 
 
 Thus the ambitions of the founders of the National Geographic Society are 
 being fuUilled and a splendid force for the study of the world on which we live 
 has gradually been created. More than one million people each month are reading 
 the geographical matters which the Society distributes through its Magazine, an(l 
 the study of our own land, of other peoples and other countries, is being con- 
 stantly encouraged. 
 
 Probably no other mental pursuit is at once so entertaining and so l)eneficial, 
 because of its broadening influence and practical value, as the study of geography. 
 One reason that ex-President Roosevelt has such a keen appreciation of the needs 
 of all sections of the United States is that he has made it his business to study the 
 geographical conditions of every section. From geographical history he knows 
 that ruthless devastation of forests and reckless overgrazing are followed by 
 deserts, and that, therefore, forest reserves and grazing restrictions are necessary 
 to protect our future prosperity. His devotion to the Isthmian Canal, to the go\- 
 ernment irrigation works, involving millions of dollars, to the development of our 
 unrivaled waterways, and to the preservation of our natural resources, are largely 
 inspired by his constant study of the map and geographical history and geo- 
 graphical relations. 
 
 Great Britain's success in acquiring the choicest portions of the globe is par- 
 tially explained by the fact that her statesmen have usually kept a good map and 
 secret reports of reliable explorers before them when a "partition" or adjustment 
 of boundaries was in progress ; while the rapid development of Germany's foreign 
 commerce in recent years emphasizes the truth that a knowledge of other natiojis 
 and other peoples is as essential to the success of a nation nowadays as an under- 
 standing of other men is necessary to the success of the individual. 
 
 But geography has also its lighter side. The returned traveler always finds 
 at home an audience appreciative of his tales of strange sights in foreign lands. 
 That same trait in human nature which makes gossiping about our neighbor's 
 family so popular makes us eager to hear about the customs and manner of life 
 of other peoples. The world has become so small that we are now a "family of 
 nations," who gossip about one anotiier, and if we cannot exchange visits, we can, 
 at least, read about each other, and, better still, barter photographs. 
 
 The First and Second Series of "Scenes From Every Land" were received 
 with so much favor, the entire edition being almost immediately disposed of, that 
 the Third Series is now presented. The illustrations in this new volume are all 
 different from those contained in the First and Second Series. All the pictures in 
 this collection have previously appeared in the National Geographic Magazine, so 
 that those who desire further information about them can turn to the original 
 
 number of the Magazine. 
 
 Gilbp:rt H. Guosvkxou, 
 D'lrrclor and Editor, Nitt'wiitd (icog-nip/iic Socicti/. 
 
 t!']
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 THE HOME OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 
 
 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 
 
 UrBBAKD MEMORIAL HALL 
 81XTEENTII A\D M .STREETS, WASHIXGTOX, D. C. 
 
 Hknhv (JANNKiT Presulcnf 
 
 i.). I*. ArsTiN Secretary 
 
 (liLHKKT H. (Jrosvenor, . Director and Editor 
 John Oi.ivek La Gorce, . . . Assistant Editor 
 
 O. H. TiTTMANN Vice-President 
 
 John Joy Edson Treasurer 
 
 E. B. Ku'HELBERfJEK, . . . Assistant Treasurer 
 Geo. W. HrTfHixsoN, . . . Assistant Secretary 
 
 Alexander Graham Bell 
 
 Inventor of the telephone. 
 
 C. M. Chester 
 
 Rear Admiral U. S. N.. foriiior- 
 ly Supt. U. 8. Naval Observa- 
 tory. 
 
 F. V. Coville 
 
 Pre.sident WashiiiKton .\carlemy 
 of Sciences. 
 
 Rudolph Kauff.mann 
 
 Managing lOditor, The livening 
 .Star. 
 
 T. L. Macdonalo, M. I). 
 Franklin K. Lane 
 
 .Member Interstate Commerce 
 Commission. 
 
 S. N. I). North 
 
 Formerly Director U. .S. Bureau 
 of Census. 
 
 Henry F. Blount 
 
 Vice-President American .Secur- 
 ity and Trust Co. 
 
 T50ARD OF MANAGI':RS 
 
 O. p. AU.STIN 
 
 Chief U. S. Bureau of Statistics. 
 
 Charle.s J. Bell 
 
 President American Security 
 and Trust Co. 
 
 George R. Putnam 
 
 Commissioner U. S. Bureau of 
 Lighthouses. 
 
 Grant Squires 
 
 New York. 
 
 John Joy Ed.son 
 
 I 'resident Washington Loan A: 
 Trust Co. 
 David Fairchild 
 
 In Charge of .Agricultural Ex- 
 plorations, Department of 
 Agriculture. 
 
 Georck Shikas, 3d 
 
 Formerly Member of V. S. Con- 
 gress, Fautial Naturalist ami 
 Wild tiame Photographer. 
 
 C. Hart Merriam 
 
 Chief U. S. Biological .'Purvey. 
 
 \. W . Gueely 
 
 .\rctic Explorer, Major-tieneral 
 U. S. Army. 
 Henry Gannett 
 
 Chairman U. .S. Geographic 
 Board. 
 
 J. Howard Gore 
 
 Formerly Professor of Mathe- 
 matics, The George Washing- 
 ton University. 
 
 Gilbert H. Grosvenor 
 Editor of National Geographic 
 Magazine. 
 
 John K. I'illsbury 
 Rear-Admiral, U. S. N. 
 
 Georce Otis Smith 
 
 Director of U. S. Geological 
 
 .Survey. 
 O. H. TiTTMANN 
 
 Superintendent of U. S. Coast 
 
 and Geodetic Survey. 
 
 John .M. Wilson 
 
 Brigadier-(ieneral U. S. .\rmy, 
 formerly Chief of Engineers. 
 
 1(1
 
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 [18]
 
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 JD 
 
 IL'DDHIST M NS, NEAR SEOUL, KOREA 
 Photograph by William Wisner Chapin. 
 
 19
 
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 [20]
 
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 [211
 
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 [22]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 AN ANGLER FISH. NOTE THE FILAMENTS OR BAIT WHICH LURE 
 
 OTHER FISH 
 
 When the angler is hungry it hunts out a convenient place in shallow waters, where its 
 color and markings make the fish indistinguishable from the sea-bottom. Here it lies quietly, 
 often as if dead, while its floating filaments, kept in motion by the tide, decoy other fish, 
 which never discover their mistake until too late to escape from the angler's merciless jaws. 
 
 A FISH WHICH CARRIES A LANTERN 
 This fish lives at a depth of more than a mile beneath the surface. As no light penetrates 
 so far, nature has given it a phosphorescent bulb which illuminates its way. The tiny fish 
 shown in this picture was dredged in the Indian Ocean at a depth of more than a mile (7.200 
 feet). The bulb-like upper figure is an enlargement of its torch. The fish is one and one-half 
 inches long (excluding the rod and bulb). It swims with the rod and torch pointed straight 
 forward, and is a most .successful forager. Not only the curiosity of the little deep-sea fishes, 
 but their appetite is appealed to by the worm-like objects close to or in relief against the 
 phosphorescent bulb of the anglers. 
 
 Photographs from Dr. Theodore Gill, U. S. Naiioyial Miiseum. 
 
 [23 1
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 FEMALE HOUSE-FLY RESTING ON GLASS AND SEEN FROM ABOVE 
 The house-fly swallows many kinds of germs and spores, and deposits them all day long 
 at intervals of a few minutes in its excreta, the "fly specks." These germs and spores pass 
 through the fly in less than an hour, and come out in the fly specks alive and uninjured. Flies 
 spread more germs in this way than in any other. The house-fly sticks clo.se to man and 
 is a dangerous agent in the spread of human diseases. Di.seases of animals and plants are 
 spread in the same way. The hairs on the back of a fly are not a haphazard arrangement, 
 but correspond in number and location on all house-flies. — Photograph by N. A. Cobb. 
 
 [24]
 
 SCENES FROM EVERY LAND 
 
 FRONT VIEW OF THE HEAD OF A HOUSE-FLY 
 The fly is one of the most highly organized of insects. The two large areas studded with 
 thousands of facets or lenses are the compound eyes. The three simple eyes are seen at 
 the top of the head in the middle. The two large pendant organs with "peacock feathers" 
 on them are the antenna?, or "feelers." A fly can see in all angular directions.— P/zo/oprap/i 
 by N. A. Cobb. 
 
 [25]
 
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 [27]
 
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 [28]
 
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 23 
 
 
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 [31]
 
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 [32]
 
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 33 ]
 
 ^1 c: r- R N E S F FLQ^ B V ~E RV LAN D 
 
 A Hol'i BELLE, DRESSED FOR THE SNAKE DANCE 
 Photograph by P. G. Gates, of Pasadena, California. 
 
 [34 3
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 TAAL VOLCANO fPHILIPPINE ISLANDS) FROM BANADERO THE MORNING 
 
 AFTER THE GREAT ERUPTION OF JANUARY, 1911 
 
 Note at the left the black mud belching from the crater. 
 
 Photograph by Charles Martin and from Dean C. Worcester. 
 
 [35]
 
 SCENES 
 
 FROM EVERV LAND 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
 [3G]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 
 PEASANT IN RAIN-COAT AND HAT, SEOUL, KOREA 
 
 The raincoat is made of several overhanging layers of straw, like a thatched roof. 
 
 Photograph by William Wisner Chapin. 
 
 [37
 
 SCENES FROM E V E RVLANJD 
 
 A HUili-CLASS WOMAN'S CHAIR, SEOUL, KUKEA 
 
 Women of the wealthy class never venture on the street except within a closely-curtained 
 
 chair, borne by coolies. 
 
 A I'l.NLllAL CAR, SLul L, 1vI;111:A 
 Photographs by William Wisner Chapin. 
 
 [38]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 [39]
 
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 [40]
 
 SCENES FROM EVERY LAND 
 
 
 THE WILD DANCERS AT BONTOC, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 
 Photograph from Dean C. Worcester. 
 
 [41]
 
 SC EN E S FR.OM E V E R V LAND 
 
 
 
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 [42]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 -/ * 
 
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 THE HEADMAN OF LUBO AND HIS WIKK, lillLlPPINE ISLANDS 
 Photograph from Dean C. Worcester. 
 
 43 ]
 
 SCENES FROM~~EVERV LAND 
 
 
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 [44]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
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 [45]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 THE SI.AI'riNG GAME OF THE BONTOC IGOROTS, PHILIPi'lM-; ISI.ANDh 
 The striker puts every ounce of strength which he possesses into a stroke deHvered with 
 the flat of his hand full upon the rigid thigh of his opponent. Knots of muscle spring out on 
 his arm, back, and legs as he strikes, and the blow cracks like a revolver shot. The recipient 
 endeavors, .sometimes with rather poor success, to preserve an expression of contemptuous 
 indifference. — PhotograpliH from Dean C. Worcester. 
 
 [4r, ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 BONTOC IGOROT SLAPPING GAME 
 Just after the blow. The man struck does not look happy. The judges examine his 
 thigh. If the blow has been hard enough, blood will show just beneath the skin, and he will 
 not have the satisfaction of taking a whack at his opponent ; but, if this result has not been 
 achieved, his opponent must take his place on the bench and be smitten. The contest con- 
 tinues until one succeeds in producing the })lo()f]y m;irl< on the other 
 
 SUBSTITUTES FOR HEAD-HUNTING. THE START OF A BONTOC ICCJROT 
 
 MEN'S FOOT-RACE 
 
 There is no beating the pi.stol at the start, no tripping or holding, "no pocketing. " 
 
 Photographs by Dean C. Worcester. 
 
 [47]
 
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LANP" 
 
 rt S S 
 
 [48]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
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 [49]
 
 D 
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND K 
 
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 [51
 
 SCENES FROM E V E FL V LANDj:^ 
 
 [52]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 [53
 
 ^r^r- RNES FROM E V E FL V LAND K 
 
 A MANCHU MAN AND WIP^E 
 This photograph gives excellent examples of the Manchu race, which, after centuries of 
 sway, has recently been shorn of its power by the long-subject Chinese.— Photograph and 
 Copyright liy Vnderirood & Underwood. 
 
 [ r.4 ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 OUR FRIEND, THE PILGRIM 
 A little old man on a pilgrimage to the shrine on the sacred mountain of Koyasan, Japan. 
 As he slowly makes his way along the lonely path, he tinkles the little bell which hangs from 
 his neck and chants the invocation: "May our six senses be pure and the weather on the 
 honorable mountain be fair." — Photograph by William Wisner Chapin. 
 
 [55]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 -< 
 
 
 
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 [56]
 
 SCENES FROM EVERY LAND 
 
 DRAGON NING-PO. CHINA 
 Photograph and Copyright by Underwood & Underwood. 
 
 [57]
 
 F^^Hm^^^eVe RV LAND_J^ 
 
 THK DIUM-TOWER AND THE EXTRAORDINARY SIGN-POSTS IN THE 
 
 PRINCIPAL STREET OF MUKDEN, MANCHURIA 
 There is a keen rivalry among the shopkeepers as to which can put ^^.J^e most georgeous 
 and striking advertisement of their wares. The posts seriously impede traffic but the public 
 never complain.— P/io<ogmp/i and Cop/yr/f//// ha r ndmrood <.^ Lnderwood. 
 
 [ 58 ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND p 
 
 PEKING, A TYPICAL GATEWAY 
 Photograph and Copyright by Underwood & Underwood. 
 
 [ 59 1
 
 SCENES FROM E V E RV LAND 
 
 
 
 -■ .^v.f 
 
 ^ijr- 
 
 A MEMORIAL ARCH TO THE MEMORY OF A VIRTUOUS WIDOW, A 
 
 COMMON WAYSIDE FEATURE IN WESTERN CHINA, 
 
 NEAR KIUNG-CHOU 
 
 Pliolograph hi) E. H. Wilson. Arnold Arboretum. 
 
 GO ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 4-.-V 
 
 i 
 
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 ^•i--- ••j^*^>«|lB!Mi«iter?:W-- ^ »'»**.^ **H.^ 
 
 i'-.-V 
 
 ->>■ <«»3^ii^M'J*-*»*' '*^'^l*f*'*'**** 
 
 
 
 A REMARKABLE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREEN {Xylmma ractmusufn Miq. i. 
 
 TREE FIFTY-FIVE FEET BY SIX FEET, AMONG THE SNOW-COVERED 
 
 GRAVES, NEAR ICHANG, CHINA 
 
 China possesses a greater variety of trees than the whole of North America, and of orna- 
 mental shrubs has more varieties than are to be found in the temperate flora of all other lands. 
 Many of her ornamental trees and shrubs are suitable for cultivation in the parks and gardens 
 of the United States. The broad-leaved evergreens of China, of which a wonderful example 
 is shown in the above photograph, would add immensely to the beauty of our landscape. It 
 is hoped that several varieties will be found able to thrive in our American climate. — Photo- 
 graph by E. H. Wilson, Arnold Arboretum. 
 
 [01]
 
 c;r-F, TSJF.S FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 [ ('>2 ]
 
 sc 
 
 [63]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 [r,4]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R. V LAND 
 
 
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 65]
 
 CENES FROM EVER.V LAND 
 
 [66]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 [fi7
 
 SCENES FROM E V E FL V LAND |s 
 
 
 
 ^■m 
 
 MEN LADExN WiTli ■BRICK TEA" FUR THIBET 
 One man's load weighs 317 pounds avoirdupois, the other's 298 pounds avoirdupois. Men 
 carry this tea for hundreds of miles, accomplishing about six miles per day, over vile roads. 
 To the Thibetans and kindred tribesfolk tea is a necessity of life, and with most of their 
 trade with China this commodity is taken in barter for their wool, skins, gold dust, medicine, 
 etc., and the Chinese carry on an extensive and profitable trade with these people. The tea 
 supplied by China to Thibetans is all grown in western China, and is of the roughest and poorest 
 quality. — Photograph by E. H. Wilson, Arnold Arboretum. 
 
 68]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 MAIN ROAD FKUAI CHINA TO LHASSA (CAPITAL OF THIBET), HEREABOUTS 
 
 BLASTED OUT OF HARD ROCKS, VALLEY OF THE TUNG 
 
 RIVER, 4,000 FEET 
 
 Several men laden with "brick tea" appear in the left foreground.— P/fo/ograp/t by E. H. 
 
 Wilson, Arnold Arboretum. 
 
 69
 
 SCENE S FROM E V E FL V LAND |s 
 
 
 
 
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 [70]
 
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 [71
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 m4 1 m 
 
 ii 
 
 A LIANA BRIDGE IN THE LAND OF THE CROSSBOW, SHOWING 
 
 APPROACHES AND FASTENINGS 
 
 Photograph by George Forrest. 
 
 [72]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 A SHINTO PROCESSION IN KYOTO, JAPAN 
 
 The marching ceremonies of the lower class of Shintoists suggest to the tourist the clown part 
 of a circus street parade, so grotesque is the appearance of many of those taking part. It is 
 possible that the display is most impressive to the faithful, but it conveys no religious significance 
 to others. 
 
 THE WOOD MARKET, SEOUL, KOREA 
 
 Note the bulls which are the beasts of burden in Korea ; also the huge hats of the peasants. 
 
 Photographs by William Wisner Chapin. 
 
 [73]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 [74]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 A SHOE SHOP IN MUKDEN, CHINA 
 Photograph by Eliza R. Scidmore. 
 
 A GROUP OF CHINESE WOMEN AT SHIH-MEN KAN. YUNNAN. CHINA 
 
 Married women who have borne children have their hair done up on top of the head in the 
 shape of a horn. — Photograph from China hiland Mission, Toronto. 
 
 C75]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
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 76
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 [77]
 
 THE GREAT TEMPLE AT BUDDHA GAYA. INDIA 
 The Great Te.p.e of Maha Bodhi at Buddha '^y^ ;^^^Z!^:^::^i:2;Z^ 
 
 ?i-L'':„L7iir'oi=Xdir.T:4rh:rtt^^^^ 
 
 W. M. Zumbro. 
 
 [78]
 
 SCENES FROM EVERY LAND 
 
 
 ONE OF THE FOUR GATEWAYS IN THE STONE RAIL SURROUNDING THE 
 
 GREAT MEMORIAL MOUND COVERING THE RELICS OF 
 
 BUDDHA AT SANCHI, INDIA 
 
 The mound is 106 feet in diameter and forty-six feet in height, and was once entirely faced 
 with sculptured stones. The mound is seen in the background of the picture. The stone rail 
 was pierced by four gateways or Torans, each being a mass of wonderful carving, unequaled by 
 anything of later date in India. This tope (mound) is believed to have been erected two 
 centuries before Christ, its carved rail and Torans probably later. Three of the gateways 
 remain in place. (See pages 80 and 8L) — Photograph by W. M. Zumhro. 
 
 [79]
 
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 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 THE MOST UNIQUE SANSKRIT LIBRARY IN INDIA, AT TANJORE 
 
 About 18,000 manuscripts are stored here, 8,000 of them being wood-bound volumes, like 
 these, consisting of long talipot palm leaves engraved with a sharp metal stylus. About 
 2, .500 volumes are shown on these shelves. 
 
 [87]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 [88]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E Ft V LAND 
 
 JD 
 
 ^^^' .'^i-^—^'^'^0*!Mt^:^^'''^^'^''^^-^ **■ 
 
 *i- ^ i-f I.- .'■ 
 
 THE GREAT TOWER OVER THE ENTRANCE TO THE HINDU TEMPLE 
 
 AT SIRI RANGAM 
 
 The tower is 152 feet high and is covered with course after course of gods, warriors, men, and 
 horses carved in stone. (See also page 88.) — Photograph by \V. M. Zumhro. 
 
 8'J ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E RV LAND 
 
 
 im 
 
 Mm 
 
 THE MOST LABORIOUSLY WROUGHT STONE CARVING IN THE WORLD, 
 THE TEMPLE OF CHENNA KESAVA AT BELUR, INDIA 
 
 It was built in the twelfth century to celebrate the conversion to Vishnuism of a Jain ruler. 
 Fergusson says of this particular porch: "The amount of labor which each particular facet 
 of this porch displays is such as never was bestowed on any surface of equal extent in any 
 building in the world." — PJiotograpJi by W. M. Zumhro. 
 
 !»0 ]
 
 SCENES FROM EVERY LAND 
 
 A VIEW OF ARAKAWA RIDGE, JAPAN 
 
 Many years ago this double row of cherry trees formed a delicate lace-like edging for the 
 highway, which extended seventy miles, being even more beautiful than it is to-day. — Pho- 
 tograpli by William Wisner Chapin. 
 
 [91]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 THE GREAT TURII AT MIYAJIMA, JAPAN, AT HIGH TIDE 
 
 Rising from the sea, a quarter of a mile from the shore, stands this old emblem. As the 
 traveler sails into the beautiful harbor of Miyajima, he will be impressed by the sight, and 
 reminded that not only is the ground sacred upon which he is about to stand, but the sparkling 
 waters of the beautiful bay as well. — Photograph by William Wisner Chapin. 
 
 [ 92 ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAN D^ 
 
 ANOTHER MASTERPIECE OF SCULPTURED STONE, HULLABID, INDIA, TEN 
 MILES FROM BELUR, SHOWN ON PAGE 90 
 It is greatly ruined now and many of its gems have been removed to the Museum at Ban- 
 galore When intact it was the finest specimen of Indian art in existence This column is 
 one "of the most marvelous exhibitions of human labor to be found even in the patient Last, 
 * * * "far surpasses anything in Gothic art. The effects are just what the medieval 
 architects were often aiming at, but which they never attained so perfe^ctly as was done at 
 HuUabid." Fergusson further says, placing this Hullabid Temple and the Partheiion as the 
 two extremes of architecture: "It would be possible to arrange all the buildings of the^orld 
 between these two extremes, as they tended toward the severe mtel ectual purity of the one 
 or the playful, exuberant fancy of the other; but perfection, if it existed, would be somewhere 
 near the mean."— Photograph Inj W. M. Zumhro. 
 
 [93]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 ^V^ 
 
 •J 
 
 A HOLY MAN WITH AN ARMFUL OF PEACOCK FEATHERS AND HIS HEAD 
 
 IN AN IRON CANGUE THAT PREVENTS HIM FROM LYING 
 
 DOWN OR LEANING BACK 
 
 ANOTHKll lAKIK OR HOLY MAN LYING ON A BED OF 
 POINTED NAILS, INDIA 
 
 Pholograplis 1)1/ W. M. Zumhro. 
 
 <t4
 
 SCENES FR-OM EVERY LAND 
 
 T 
 
 
 FANATIC ROLLING AROUND THt: ROCK AT SECIM )ERAMALAI 
 
 Penitents and fanatics may be seen fulfilling the most absurd vows at all the sacred places 
 of India. This fanatic is rolling over and over on the road that makes the circuit of the rock 
 at Secunderamalai, a distance of three miles. 
 
 -^4^^ 
 
 m:-^ 
 
 'K.^^ 
 
 EXTORTING ALMS FROM PASSERS BY IN INDIA 
 
 The parents of this child are not doing penace for their own sins by placing this crushing rock on 
 
 the body, but are merely trying to move the sympathetic to give alms. 
 
 Photographs hy W . M. Zumhro. 
 
 [ 9r> 1
 
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 !)(;
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 A TYPICAL SINHALESE GIRL OF CEYLON, IN ORDINARY 
 
 STREET COSTUME 
 
 Photograph from Dr. Alexander Graham Bell. 
 
 li»7]
 
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 [101]
 
 SCENES FFLOM E V E R V LAND 
 
 BUDDHIST TEMPLE AND DAGOBA, WITH SINHALESE NUNS AND 
 
 PRIEST, CEYLON 
 In leafy suburbs there are dazzling white dagobas, or reliquaries, and flower-scented tem- 
 ples, where the Buddhist priests wear the same yellow robes, with bared shoulder, and teach 
 the same pure tenets as when Asoka, the Indian Emperor, sent his son and daughter as mis- 
 sionaries to convert the island people. 
 
 [102]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 SINHALESE GIRLS AND WOMEN; KANDYAN JACKETS, CEYLON 
 Note the wonderful luster of the hair. The Sinhalese women, with their brilliant eyes, 
 nice teeth, gentle manners, and smiles, are most attractive. — Photograph and Copyright by 
 Underwood & Underwood. 
 
 [103]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 A TAMIL WOMAN OF CEYLON. NOTE THE RINGS ON HER TOES 
 Photograph from Dr. Alexander Graham Bell. 
 
 104 ]
 
 SCENES FROM EVERY LAND 
 
 TAMIL GIRL, EASTERN PROVINCE OF CEYLON 
 Photograph from Dr. Alexander Graham Bell. 
 
 [ 105
 
 CENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
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 [ 106 ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 r 107
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 
 ,^,33aa33'^._ 
 
 A PORTION OF THE ENTABLATURE IN THE TEMPLE AT ANGKOR WAT, 
 SHOWING GREAT RICHNESS OF ORNAMENTAL DETAIL 
 There are seven bands of designs separated by narrow ribbons scarcely less ornamental. 
 These bands appear to be conventional yellow pond lilies, which abound in that locality, and 
 two are lotus-leaf designs, all carved in stone. The buildings contain literally thousands of 
 square stone columns and pilasters, every one of which is richly carved on all .sides, at top 
 and bottom. — Fournereau Collection. 
 
 [ 108 ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 
 THE IMEiUUK Ui-~ A JAl'AXESE HOME 
 
 This glimpse of the interior of a bamboo-and-paper house gives an idea of how Japanese ladies 
 enjoy their cup of tea. It is second nature for the natives to sit in this position, and they are per- 
 fectly comfortable, but Europeans find it a very different matter. — By permission of F. C. Hicks. 
 
 THREE LITTLE MAIDS FROM SCHOOL 
 The Japanese maidens are so natural and graceful in choosing their own postures for pictures 
 that it is unnecessary to pose them to obtain artistic results. — Photograph by William Wisner 
 Chapin. 
 
 [ 109 ]
 
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 [110]
 
 SCENES FROM EVERY LAND 
 
 
 
 
 
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 A QUEEN WITH FIVE TIARAS. WALL DECORATION IN THE CENTRAL 
 TOWER, ANGKOR WAT, CAMBODIA 
 
 These are the principal decorative figures in the most conspicuous parts of the temple. 
 The feet had to be put on somehow, so the sculptor turned them sideways. (See pages 106, 
 108, and 112 to 115.) — Fournereau Collection. 
 
 [Ill]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 EXPLOIT OF HANAMUNT, KING OF THE MONKEYS, ANGKOR WAT 
 By means of his great strength he is able to seize two dragons, holding them in a position 
 where they are powerless, and strangle them by wrapping his legs around them. The most 
 interesting of all the marvelous decorations at Angkor are the processional bas-reliefs. Some 
 of these ba.s-reliefs are 324 feet long, all of them being carved in stone. Perhaps the mo.st 
 extraordinary is that depicting the battle between Men and Monkeys, a favorite subject with 
 Cambodian artists. — Fournereau Collection. 
 
 [112 1
 
 SC EN E S FROM E V E R V LAND R 
 
 BATTLE BETWEEN MEN AND MONKEYS, ANGKOR WAT 
 
 This represents the center of the combat, where the opposing forces are joined. The 
 antagonists are so crowded in the melee that there is no background left. This is the best 
 of the bas-reliefs, and is 160 feet long. The part here represented is no more than ten feet in 
 width. The panorama contains more than 1,000 figures of men and monkeys, and, like all 
 the bas-reliefs, is carved in stone. — Fournercau Collection. 
 
 [113]
 
 SCENES 
 
 FROM EVERV LAND |s 
 
 JD 
 
 1114]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 p 
 
 ONE OF THE FIFTY-THREE TOWERS IN THE STRUCTURE KNOWN AS 
 
 THE BAYON, CAMBODIA 
 
 Showing the enormous Buddha faces looking toward the four cardinal points of the com- 
 pass. Not only in the fifty-three towers, but in many other parts of this ruin, these same 
 faces are found. The Bayon, conjecture says, was the Royal treasury of the Khmers, and 
 formed part of Angkor Tom, a huge stone-carved group of buildings, nineteen times larger 
 than the Wat shown on pages 106-114. It was surrounded by a great wall. To-day it is a 
 mass of ruins, from which lofty trees reach high in the air. — Fournereau Collection. 
 
 [115]
 
 
 "^ 
 
 iJiiK.^ 
 
 UXE UF THE :(h>; UAS-RELIEFS CJE THE TEMl'EE AT EUlU) EOEDOER, JAVA 
 
 This temple is one of the largest, if not the largest, Buddhistic edifice in the world. "Its 
 prominent position on the summit of a hill, above which it towers to a height of 120 feet, 
 lends additional dignity to this marvelous pyramid. Stairways lead to the top from each 
 of the four sides. Rising from the summit is a dagoba, which contains a gigantic image of 
 Buddha. 
 
 "An idea of the magnitude of the structure may be gained from the fact that there are over 
 988 bas-reliefs in a good state of preservation, illustrating the life story of Buddha, while 441 
 images of Buddha, each within a small dagoba or shrine of its own, are still in existence." 
 (Ed. Stanford.) — Photograph and Copyrighf hy C. H. Graves, from Henry G. Bryant. 
 
 [ 11'!]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 THREE DYAK BELLES OF BORNEO, DRESSED IN THEIR FINERY 
 
 The rings round their bodies are made of hoops of cane, round which little brass rings 
 are arranged close together, so that none of the cane is visible. These hoops are worn next 
 to the body, above the waist and over the petticoat below. The silver coins fastened to this 
 brass corset, and worn as belts around it, are the silver coins of the country. The petticoat 
 is a broad strip of cloth, sewn together at the ends and having an opening at the top and bot- 
 tom. The girls on the right and left wear collars worked with beads and colored threads. — 
 From "Seventeen Years Among tite Sea Dyaks of Borneo." by Eduin H. Gomes. J. B. Lip- 
 piticoit Co. 
 
 [117]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 UYAK (URLS OF BORNP^O 
 
 Each wearing the tight brass corset which fashion dictates. (See page 117.) 
 
 Photographs from Ed^vin H. Gomes, Courtesy of J. B. Lippincott Co. 
 
 [118]
 
 SCENES FR-OM E V E Ft V LAND 
 
 
 WOMEN IN THE SHAN HILLS OF UPPER BURMAH 
 
 The women in this part of the world aspire to have a long neck. Beauty is estimated 
 from the extended head pivot. From childhood women wear tight rings of brass about the 
 neck, an additional ring being added at the slightest suggestion of relief from .strain. The 
 weight of the rings, added to those which they carry on their legs, must be most unpleasant. 
 — Photograph by Alfred J. Smith. 
 
 [119]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R- V LAND 
 
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 [ 121 ]
 
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 [124]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 SKINS FILLED WITH WATER 
 
 Zinc buckets are unknown in Arabia, hence the necessity for the water skin. These are 
 used all over the land ; they are home-tanned and if cared for and handled carefully will last 
 a long time. — Photograph by Archibald Fordcr. 
 
 [ 125 ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E FL V LAND 
 
 NATIVE WOMEN OF OMAN, ARABIA 
 
 The heavy silver anklets, ear-rings, bracelets, and nose jewels are typical, as is also the 
 peculiar veil worn over the face. — Photogrdph hy Rev. S. M . Zurmer. 
 
 [ 126 1
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 ^!i^a0' 
 
 THE NATIVE AMBULANCE, JAPAN 
 It would be uncomfortable enough for a person in robust health to be carried for any distance 
 in this tomb-like contrivance; therefore the effect on one weakened by disease of being shut 
 within such narrow confines can readily be imagined. 
 
 A DRUG STORE 
 No sound of a sizzling soda fountain is heard as one approaches a drug store in Japan. Owing 
 to great danger in drinking unboiled water, hot tea is the staple beverage usually served through- 
 out Japan in drug stores and elsewhere. It is also served in many of the large stores, the pro- 
 prietor sipping a cup of tea with his prospective customer before the shopping begins. 
 
 Photographs by William Wisner Chapin. 
 [127]
 
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 [1281
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 .^^^ 
 
 A SICILIAN BELLE 
 Photograph hy Von Gloeden. 
 
 [ 12;t ]
 
 =D 
 
 CBNES FROM E V E R V LAND |; 
 
 [130]
 
 SCENES FROM EVERY LAND 
 
 CHILDREN OF SOUTH BEVELAND. AN ISLAND ADJACENT TO 
 WALCHEREN, HOLLAND 
 
 These two islands form part of the province of Zealand, the greater portion of whose sur- 
 face is below the level of the sea. The province is protected by more than 300 miles of dikes. 
 — Photograph from Hugh M. Smith. 
 
 [ 131 ]
 
 SCENES FROM EVERV LAND 
 
 A TEAM OF NINE YOKE OF OXEN DRAWING A BLOCK OF MARBLE 
 THROUGH THE STREETS OF CARRARA, ITALY 
 
 Carrara owes its fame and prosperity to the marble hills which surround the town; fj.OOO 
 men are employed in the neighboring quarries to cut and ship the beautiful white Carrara 
 marble, which is sent to all parts of the world to be carved into exquisite statuary. 
 
 I 132]
 
 SCENES FROM EVERY LAND 
 
 THE DOLLS OF CUERNAVACA, MEXICO, WHERE PROBABLY THE SMALLEST 
 
 DOLLS IN THE WORLD ARE MADE. ENLARGED SLIGHTLY 
 
 IN THE riCTT^RE 
 
 THE CHEESE MARKET IN FULL SWING, ALKMAR, HOLLAND 
 
 A part of the golden field as seen from a window in the weigh-house tower. Each of the 
 piles contains from 500 to 900 cheeses. — Photograph by Hugh M. Smith. 
 
 [133]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 fjjjjf^j^^^'^'i^'i^itutmtmsiimmM0mmm^Uimtmmmm0^ 
 
 THE P^ACADE OF A MOORISH HOUSE IN TUNIS 
 
 Photograph hif Lchnrrt and Landrork. from Frank Edward Johnson. 
 
 [ 134 ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAN D ^ 
 
 STATUETTE SHOWING THE CAKEWALK OF THE GRECIANS 2,000 YEARS 
 AGO AND THE HOBBLE-SKIRT OF ANCIENT ATHENS. REVIVED 
 BY THE PARISIAN DRESSMAKERS IN IDll 
 This picture is a photograph of one of the Greek bronzes found in a sunken galley of! the 
 coast of Tunis recently. The galley was wrecked nearly two thousand years ago while on 
 its way from Greece to Rome carrying a load of Grecian marbles to decorate the villas of 
 wealthy Romans. Greek sculptors admired form in line so much that one rarely found ugly 
 or comical works of art among them. The Romans at the time this .statuette was made 
 enjoyed watching the antics of dwarfs, male and female, and grotesque jesters at their ban- 
 quets, and this statuette was doubtless a life-like copy of some well-known entertainer. 
 — Phoioqraph from Frank Edward Johnson.
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 136 1
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 A 
 
 [137]
 
 GENES FROM E V E FL V LAND 
 
 
 H 0^ tJ CI, 
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 138 ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 SCENE IN A DATE GARDEN OF NORTH AFRICA 
 Dates grow in large bunches which contain hundreds of the fruit. Some of the clusters 
 are so heavy that the fruit must be straddled on the nearest leaf stalk (as in this illustration) 
 to prevent the stem of the cluster from being broken by the weight.— Photograph hy Thos 
 H. Kearney. 
 
 L 131)
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
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 [140 1
 
 SCENES FROM EVERY LAND 
 
 INTERIOR OF AN ARAB HOUSE, KAIROWAN, NORTH AFRICA 
 Photograph by Lehncrt and Landrock, from Frank Edward Johnson. 
 
 [141]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E FL V LAND 
 
 •I .->. 
 
 
 
 ,v. :#i 
 
 
 [ 142
 
 SCENES FROM EVERY LAND 
 
 TROGLODYTE COURTYARD, OR PATIO OF THE SHEIK OF MATMATA, 
 SHOWING ENTRANCES INTO VARIOUS CAVES 
 
 The holes vary in depth and width, but average nine meters deep by fifteen meters in 
 circumference. This great hole is used as a "patio." or courtyard. Numerous caves dug in 
 the sides of the hole serve as living-rooms and storehouses. One enters these dwellings by 
 means of a passage tunneled through the earth or rock. Some of the ceilings are roughly 
 ornamented with Arabic designs cut in bas-relief in the rock and the dates when the 
 dwellings were dug. None of them seem to go back more than 100 years. — Photograph by 
 Soler, from Frank Edward Johnson. 
 
 [ 143 1
 
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 144 ]
 
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 A \v\^sll>l; ri:,\ noi'si-; 
 
 Tea houses in Japan are most welcome and opportune resting ijlaces in the day's journey. Visitors are usu- 
 ally served by young women, who not only fill the place of waitresses but are charming hostesses. At the 
 wayside inn in the picture the old couple were most considerate of our comfort. 
 
 M NS SOl.lClTlNc; ALMS, .lAl'AN 
 In the right hand of each nun is a little hammer, which is used to strike the small metal gong attached to 
 the belt to give notice of their approach, so that a i)erson may be prepared to make a contribution. If the 
 coin is forthcoming the nuns deposit it for the time being in the box hanging at their side. 
 
 Photographs by William Wisner Chapin. 
 
 [145]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 146
 
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 [ 147
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R. V LAND |s 
 
 WOMEN AT A WELL IN MEDENINE 
 
 (See pages 144 and 147.) 
 
 WOMEN OF MEDENINE, SOUTHERN TUNISIA 
 Photographs hy Marie Helms. 
 
 [148]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R_ V LAND 
 
 •a|^j«^i«: —i "■iii'^e*j 
 
 COSTUME OF ARAB WOMEN, WHITE HAIKS AND BLACK FACE-VEILS. TUNIS 
 Pliotograph by Lehnert and Landrock, from Frank Edward Johnson. 
 
 [ 149 ]
 
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 [ l-'JO ]
 
 SCENES FROM EVERY LAND 
 
 LIBERIAN NATIVE SPINNING THE GYROSCOPIC TOP 
 The top can be seen in the air above the Golah man's head. The top is kept in the air by 
 repeated strokes of the small whip in his right hand. To start the top the lash of the whip 
 is wound around the body of the top, making a little more than one turn. The top is then 
 placed on the ground with the stem to one side. The whip is given a quick upward motion, 
 throwing the top into the air at the same time, imparting to it a spinning motion. As the 
 top drops within reach, but before it touches the ground, it is struck with the whip in such a 
 manner that the lash winds around the stem close to the head. The stroke is immediately 
 followed by another upward motion, which again throws the top up and makes it revolve 
 still faster. This operation is repeated rapidly, the top going faster and faster with each 
 stroke, until it begins to emit a low musical note. Skilled performers have no difficulty in 
 keeping the top in the air for any length of time desired.— Photograph by G. N. Collim. 
 
 [151]
 
 V-FISIRS FROM EVERV LAN D Is 
 
 HAND-DRUM ORCHESTRA OF THREE PLAYERS IN THE ZAMBESI DELTA, 
 IN PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA 
 Both the bare hand and a short drumstick are used in producing the weird but highly- 
 variable "music." A carved image on a post presides over the occasion.— Photographs by O. 
 W. Barrett. 
 
 [ L-.2 ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 THE CHAMPION HIGH JUMPER OF AFRICA 
 
 While exploring German East Africa, the Duke of Mecklenburg was much impressed by 
 the agility and ease in jumping hedges displayed by the natives of the Ruanda district, and 
 determined to test their jumping powers by American and European methods. Accordingly 
 a line, which could be raised or lowered at will, was stretched between two slender trees stand- 
 ing on an incline. The athletes had to run up to this and jump from a small termite heap 
 a foot in height. De.spite these unfavorable conditions, exhibitions were given which would 
 place all European efforts in the .shade. The best jumpers — slender but splendid figures, 
 with an almost Indian profile — ■ attained the incredible height of 2.50 meters (8 feet .") inches), 
 and young boys made the relatively no less wonderful performance of 1.50 to 1.60 meters 
 (5 feet). — From "In the Heart of Africa," by Adolphus Frederick. Duke of Mecklenburg. (Cassell 
 &Co.) 
 
 [ 153 ]
 
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 [ 154 ]
 
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 [ 157 ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 
 KAFIR DRUMS AND RATTLES. THE ROAR OF THESE HUGE DRUMS 
 BE HEARD TEN MILES AWAY. PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA 
 Photograph by 0. W. Barrett. 
 
 CAN 
 
 RHINOS FEEDING 
 
 Note the birds on their backs. These birds eat the ticks which infest the beasts. They 
 also act as sentinels, by their fluttering warning their companions of approaching enemies. — 
 Photograph by A. Radcliff Dugmore, from "Camera Adventures in the African Wilds." Copy- 
 right by Doubleday, Page & Co. 
 
 [158]
 
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 [ 159 ]
 
 SCENES FROM EVE RV LAND 
 
 Photograph by J. Akion Loring Copyright by Charles Scribner's Sons. 
 
 No. 1. TOWING BULL HIPPO ASHORE, LAKE NAVAISHA 
 This huge beast was shot by Theodore Roosevelt in 1909 and forms part of the unpar- 
 alled zoological collection made by Ex-President Roosevelt for the U. S. National Museum 
 at Washington. 
 
 'fWif^ 
 
 Photograph by Kermit Roosevelt. Copyright by Charles Scribner's Sons- 
 
 No. 3. SKINNING THE HIPPO 
 Photographs from "African Game Trails," by Theodore Roosevelt. 
 
 [ 160 j
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 I'liotouraph hy J. Aldcn Lorin;,' ( (i|)> ri'-hl hy cliaiir 
 
 rrilmers Sons 
 
 No. 2. BULL HIPPO HAULED ASHORE AND READY FOR SKINNING. 
 LAKE NAVAISHA, BRITISH EAST AFRICA 
 
 
 "%. -^. 
 
 Photograph by l\rriiiii Km, ,-(,,/ , .[. , hy Charles Scribncr's Sons. 
 
 No. 4. PREPARING THE SKIN FOR SHIPMENT TO U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 
 
 There is no African collection in Europe or America equal in numbers or quality to the 
 remarkable series of big and little game which Mr. Roosevelt obtained for the U. S. 
 National Museum. 
 
 Photographs from "African Game Trails," hy Theodore Roosevelt. 
 
 [161]
 
 SCENES FROM EVERY LAND 
 
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 [162]
 
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 164 ]
 
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 [ 165 ]
 
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 168 ]
 
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 » 
 
 ONE OF THE CARVED MONOLITHS OF QUIRIGUA, GUATEMALA 
 None of these remarka})le monoliths at Quirigua contain any carving or representation 
 of a weapon of war, which is a proof of the advanced civilization and culture of the unknown 
 people who constructed them. 
 
 [169]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 MARKET SCENE AT SAN CRISTOBAL. MEXICO 
 The streamers on the man's hat indicate he is unmarried and has a sweetheart. 
 
 170 ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 =JD 
 
 THE TRUNK OF A CACAO (CHOCOLATE) TREE. PICHUCALCO. MEXICO 
 Showing the peculiar position in which the fruit grows. Cacao beans are still used as 
 money in the primitive parts of Southern Mexico.- Photograph by G. X. Collins and C. B. 
 Doyle. 
 
 [171]
 
 $! SCENES FROM E V E R V LANd" 
 
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 [172
 
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 [174]
 
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 [ 175 ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 A ( u:\.S1i.N.MI;N I (.)1'' l-KillTLXU CUL'KS, A1KXU'() 
 
 Note the specially constructed basket, with its padded sides. Only specially bred cocks are 
 treated with such consideration. — Photngraph from Mri^. Harriet Chalmers Adams. 
 
 [17G]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 A MASSIVE TREE-CACTUS IN THE DESERT NEAR TEHUACAN, MEXICO 
 
 (Pilocercus fulviceps) 
 
 Several hundred gallons of water are stored in its fiber. Some desert plants have cisterns 
 which they fill with water against the days of drought, just as the ant stores its cellar with 
 grain and choice morsels in preparation for the days when it is imprisoned by the rain and 
 snows of winter. Another species will spend many years to gather the force to send upward 
 a single stalk of flowers and then immediately die as if contented, after years of labor, to 
 perpetuate itself by this single blossoming. Other plants have developed hairy coverings 
 and resinous coatings which protect them from the burning sun's rays and also prevent the 
 evaporation of the water they have secreted. — Photograph by D. T. MacDougal. 
 
 r 177]
 
 ROM EVERV LANdH^ 
 
 
 2 C & O) of O) 
 
 05 3 t3 -^ %2 
 
 [ 178 ]
 
 SC EN E S FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 SCENE IN THE DESERT OF LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXiro 
 
 This desert contains the richest and most extraordinary desert flora in the world (see also 
 pages 180-5). Mr. E. W. Nelson of the U. S. Biological Survey writes: "Although familiar 
 with the varied types of plant life, from the stunted growth of Arctic tundras to the exuber- 
 ant foliage of the humid tropics, I have never seen such a fantastic riot of extraordinary forms 
 as that afforded by the flora of Lower California. The combinations of species were often 
 wonderfully picturesque and gave the landscape an individuality unlike anything to be found 
 elsewhere. The cirio {Idria columnaris) is peculiar to this region and one of the most abundant 
 and unusual of them all. It has a tall, tapering trunk twenty to fifty feet high, with pale 
 yellowish bark, many extremely thorny branchlets along its entire length, and tufts of .small 
 yellowish flowers on the end of long, slender stalks at the extreme tip. Thin forests of these 
 pole-like trees cover hundreds of miles of the interior." 
 
 The pole-like trees are the "cirio" (Idria (•olumnaris) ; the many-branched shrub on the 
 left is an "ocotilla" (Fouquiern splendev.s). which bears a brush-like mass of brilliant red 
 flowers at the tips of the stalks. Small oval leaves grow along the stems. — Photograph by 
 E. W. Nelson. 
 
 I i7;t 1
 
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 FROM EVEFLV LAND 
 
 
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 [181]
 
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 [182]
 
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 [ 183
 
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 [186]
 
 SC EN E S FR OM E V E R. V LAND 
 
 RECEIVING THE CONCRETE, PANAMA 
 
 Note the men standing on top of the wall on the extreme left. Nowhere else in the world 
 has there ever been such a vast amount of masonry constructed on any single engineering 
 project as is being built in the locks and spillways of the Panama Canal. In times gone by 
 the masonry of all great projects, like the Pyramids of ancient times and the Assuan Dam of 
 to-day, was made of natural rock; at Panama they make artificial rock, and make it so fast 
 that one scarcely can believe his eyes. The concrete required on the whole project amounts to 
 more than four and a half million cubic yards. This is enough to build up an airline street 
 from New York to Washington, with six-room houses on both sides. Expressing the magni- 
 tude of the project in another way, it would make a regulation .sidewalk nine feet wide by six 
 inches thick, reaching more than twice around the earth. The Panama Canal must go down 
 into history as the greatest effort man ever has made and perhaps ever will make to .simulate 
 the processes of geologic ages and do in days what nature required unreckoned years to 
 accomplish. 
 
 [ 187
 
 GENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
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 188]
 
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 190 ]
 
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 [191]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R. V LAND 
 
 THE TEVIS BAMBOO GROVE OF BAKERSFIELD, CALIFORNIA 
 This is the first grove of any size to be estabUshed in America. Mr. William Tevis, of 
 San Francisco, the owner, bought a single plant of the "Giant Japanese Bamboo" from a 
 Japanese nurseryman in San Francisco about twelve years ago, and from this single plant 
 has grown a grove which is so strikingly beautiful that those who have seen it declare it to 
 be one of the most fascinating things in the country. The graceful, plume-like stems rise 
 over fifty feet in the air, and cast an enchanting shade on the carpet of brown dead leaves 
 below. Some variety of bamboo can be grown in almost every part of the United States. 
 No plant or tree can be put to so many uses as the bamboo. — PhotograpJi by P. H. Dorsett. 
 
 [ li'2 ]
 
 SCENES FROM EVE R_V LAN D 
 
 A COON TAKING HIS OWN PICTURE BY PULLING A STRING BAITED 
 
 WITH CHEESE AND FISH. (See pages 196 and 197.) 
 
 Picture shows he preferred the cheese to the fish. Note how he holds the cheese in his 
 
 paws, eating like a monkey.— Photograph by George Shiras, 3d. 
 
 AN ALBINO PORCUPINE WHICH WAS BOTH BLIND AND DEAF 
 
 Photographed by George Shiras. Zd. for six successive years. (See page 194. ) 
 
 [ 193 ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 [ 194
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 D 
 
 PHOTOGRAPH OF THE STAGHOUND "RANGER," FROM WHOSE FACE, 
 
 HEAD AND MOUTH 600 QUILLS WERE EXTRACTED AFTER 
 
 HIS FIGHT WITH A PORCUPINE 
 
 The porcupine had taken a position beneath a log. As the dogs attacked him he turned 
 and struck them terrific blows in the face with his short clubbed tail and at every stroke he 
 left a mark like a cushionful of barbed needles. The dogs that could reach the porcupine 
 bit him in the back and tail till mouth and tongue were a quivenng mass of barbs. Mr^t oville 
 states that the porcupine would have killed half the pack if they had not come to the dogs 
 assistance. Notwithstanding such an experience, the hghtmg dogs are always ready to 
 attack a porcupine again.— Photograph by Frederick V . Coville. 
 
 I 195 1
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R- V LAND 
 
 THE STRING WAS CONNECTED WITH THE FLASH IN SUCH A WAY AS 
 
 TO SHOW THE ANIMAL FULL LENGTH 
 
 The author varied the arrangement of the bait and flash so as to secure portraits of the 
 
 coon in different positions. This coon was photographed almost every night during an entire 
 
 summer ; the flash in every case being sent off by the coon itself.— Photograph hy George 
 
 Shiras, M. 
 
 [ 1% ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 A FRONT VIEW OF THE COON, OBTAINED BY THE SAME METHOD AS 
 
 EMPLOYED TO SECURE THE PRECEDING PICTURE 
 Though fully thirty pictures were made of this one coon, with several cameras set at 
 different angles, Mr. Shiras never saw the animal. The wide distribution of the coon and 
 his abundance in the more settled portions of the country, together with his voracious appe- 
 tite often makes him a nuisance to farmers. The coon shown here, and on pages 193 and 
 196' in a single night killed sixty young chickens. "While the coon is cunning, he is not 
 only very inquisitive, but extremely daring when after a choice meal. Possibly, a miUion 
 coons are trapped every year, and yet few are shot, except at night with the aid of dogs. 
 The coon is almost wholly nocturnal," says Mr. Shiras, "for I have been on islands in the 
 Gulf of Mexico which harbored untold thousands, and yet. although they were not molested, 
 I seldom saw one in daytime."— P/fo/ogrrop/i by George Shiras, 3d. 
 
 [ 197 1
 
 SC EN E S FROM EVE RV LAN D 
 
 [ 198 ]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 CHINESE HIGH-CLASS FUNERAL, PEKING 
 A Chinese proverb is: " The most important thing in Ufe is to be buried well." 
 
 WEDDING CHAIR OF A BRIDEGROOM, PEKING, CHINA 
 Photographs by William Wisner Chapin. 
 
 [199]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R. V LAND 
 
 
 [200]
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
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 THE SENTINEL EWE 
 
 After a long stalk on all-fours Mr. Shiras got within fifty feet. Note the extremely long 
 legs of the ewe. The short black horns and white body have led many of the Alaskan miners 
 from the Rocky Mountain States to mistake the ewes of these sheep for white mountain goats. 
 
 A BICx RAM FH(>TU(iRAPHED AT Fll-TY i'EEi 1 IUkM AMBUSH 
 
 He jumped the instant after the shutter revolved, but left his picture behind him. Note 
 the fine and graceful horns. (See page 1!»8.) 
 
 Photographs hij (ieorge Shiras, 3d.
 
 SCENES FROM EV E RV LAND 
 
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 [ 202 ]
 
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 L 203 1
 
 SCENES FROM E V E R V LAND 
 
 ANOTHER VIEW OF THE RAINBOW ARCH IN UTAH 
 
 PItotograph and Copyright by S. M. Young. 
 
 [ 204 1
 
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 ONE LIMB OF THE RAINBOW ARCH PHOTOGRAPHED FROM THE BASE 
 
 OF THE OPPOSITE LIMB 
 
 This picture brings out, perhaps, more than any other the imposing proportions of the 
 structure. It is not the size alone, though this far exceeds the greatest masonry arches con- 
 structed by engineering skill; nor is it solely the graceful lines or curvature of maximum 
 stability, but rather all of these, that combine to make this the most remarkable single arch 
 now known. It would easily span, with room to spare, the dome of the Capitol at Washington ; 
 or, if hung over the Flatiron Building of New York, its limbs would come within a few feet of 
 the ground, though to the west of Fifth Avenue on the one hand and to the east of Broadway 
 on the other. The arch is carved from a buff-colored, fine-grained sandstone, brick-red upon 
 its surface and stained with vertical streaks of a darker shade. — Photograph by Joseph E. 
 Pogue. 
 
 [ 205 ]
 
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 [207]
 
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 =D 
 
 GLACIERS OF THE SOUTHWEST SLOPE OF MOUNT RAINIER 
 In the center of it (the Rainier National Park) there is a lonely mountain capped with 
 ice; from the ice-cap glaciers radiate in every direction, and young rivers from the glaciers; 
 while its flanks, sweeping down in beautiful curves, are clad with forests and gardens and 
 filled with birds and animals. Specimens of the best of nature's treasures have been lovingly 
 gathered here and arranged in simple symmetrical beauty within regular bounds. — John 
 MuiR. — Photograph by A. H. Barnes. 
 
 20S
 
 SCENES FROM EVERV LATSI D 
 
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 ICE FIELDS ON THE WEST SLOPE OF MIDDLE SISTER. OREGON 
 On steep inclines the climbing-rope and ice-ax are essential to a reasonable degree of safety. 
 
 Photograph by George M. Weister. 
 
 [ 209 ]
 
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 [215]
 
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 THE WORLD'S GREATEST WATERFALL 
 
 Kaioteur Falls, in British Guiana. The drop is 741 feet, or about five times as high as Niagara. 
 
 At the brink the falls are 369 feet wide.— Photograph by Leonard Kennedy. 
 
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