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FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 A CATALOGUE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PELENOGAMOUS AND VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMOUS 
 
 PLANTS OF WORCESTER COUNTY, 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 BY JOSEPH JACKSON. 
 
 SECOND EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED. 
 
 WORCESTER : 
 
 1894. 
 
WORCESTER : 
 
 PRIVATE PRESS OF FRANKLIN P. RICE. 
 MDCCCXCIV. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 IN the autumn of 1883 I prepared for publication the first 
 Catalogue of the Plants of Worcester County, Massachusetts, 
 containing eight hundred and twelve species and well-marked 
 varieties. In the meantime, by the kind and generous help of 
 many friends, all of whom will understand, I hope, that whether 
 their names appear in these pages or not, my sense of obliga- 
 tion to them is here fully acknowledged and gratefully remem- 
 bered, more than two hundred additions have been made. 
 
 This Catalogue, revised and enlarged, is now issued in the 
 hope that it may serve as a basis for still further additions, so 
 that, in due time, our county may have its flora as fully re- 
 corded as possible. Its main purpose is to help and to 
 encourage the beginner and to afford pleasure to those who 
 take an interest in untamed and unpruned Nature. 
 
 Much yet remains to be done. The mosses, lichens, fungi 
 and algae furnish a wide field for the cooperation of workers 
 in different parts of the county for some years. The yearly 
 increasing interest in such work and the greatly increased 
 facilities for prosecuting it are hopeful signs of its accomplish- 
 ment. 
 
4 PREFACE. 
 
 The arrangement and the nomenclature of this Catalogue 
 are those of Gray's Manual of the Botany of the Northern 
 United States, Sixth edition, 1890 the book most readily 
 accessible to all persons interested in the study of our local 
 flora. In the present state of botanical nomenclature, and for 
 the purpose for which this Catalogue is intended, I have not 
 thought it wise or necessary to adopt proposed changes not 
 yet generally accepted. The student interested in such mat- 
 ters can easily adapt himself to changing conditions. 
 
 Introduced species, so far as I have been able to determine 
 the fact of introduction, are indicated by a *. 
 
FLOKA OF WORCESTER COUNTY, 
 
 SERIES I. PH^NOGAMIA. 
 CLASS I. DICOTYLEDONE^E. 
 
 SUB-CLASS I. ANGIOSPERM^:. 
 DIVISION I. POLYPETAL^E. 
 
 RANUNCULACE^E. 
 
 CLEMATIS, L. Virgin's Bower. 
 
 Virginiana, L. Common. 
 
 ANEMONE, Tourn. Anemone. 
 
 cylindrica, Gray. Long-fruited Anemone. 
 
 Virginiana, L. Common. 
 
 nemorosa, L. Anemone. Very common. 
 
 HEPATICA, Dill. Liver-leaf. Hepatica. 
 
 triloba, Chaix. Common. 
 
 ANEMONELLA, Spach. 
 
 thalictroides, Spach. Rue-Anemone. Not rare. 
 
6 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 THALICTRUM, Tourn. Meadow-Rue. 
 
 dioicum, L. Early Meadow-Rue. Rocky woods, 
 
 polygamum, Muhl. Tall Meadow-Rue. , Common, 
 
 purpurascens, L. Purplish Meadow-Rue. Grafton. 
 
 RANUNCULUS, Tourn. Crowfoot. Buttercup. 
 
 aquatilis, L., var. trichophyllus, Gray. White Water- 
 Crowfoot. Worcester, Gardner, 
 multifidus, Pursh. Yellow Water-Crowfoot. 
 Flammula, L., var. reptans, E. Meyer. Lancaster. 
 
 F. L. Palmer. 
 
 abortivus, L. Small-flowered Crowfoot. Common, 
 
 recurvatus, Poir. Hooked Crowfoot. Woods, common, 
 fascicularis, Muhl. Early Buttercup. Dry hills. 
 
 " " var. Sunnyside, Worcester. 
 
 Prof. Eaton. 
 
 septentrionalis, Poir. Worcester. 
 
 Pennsylvania^, L. f. Bristly Buttercup. Barre. 
 
 Miss Sara Lane. 
 
 *bulbosus, L. Bulbous Buttercup. Common. 
 
 *acris, L. Tall Buttercup. Very common. 
 
 CALTHA, L. Marsh Marigold. 
 
 palustris, L. Cowslip, but not of literature. Common. 
 COPTIS, Salisb. Goldthread. 
 
 trifolia, Salisb. Three-leaved Goldthread. Common. 
 AQUILEGIA, Tourn. Columbine. 
 
 Canadensis, L. Wild Columbine. Common. 
 
 , L. Baneberry. 
 
 spicata, L., var. rubra, Ait. Red Baneberry. In copses, 
 alba, Bigel. White Baneberry. With the last. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 7 
 
 MAGNOLIACE^E. 
 
 LIRIODENDRON, L. Tulip-Tree. 
 
 Tulipifera, L. Rare. G. E. Stone. 
 
 BERBERIDACE^E. 
 
 BERBERIS, L. Barberry. 
 
 *vulgaris, L. In eastern and southern parts of the county. 
 CAULOPHYLLUM, Michx. Blue Cohosh. 
 
 thalictroides, Michx. Pappoose-root. Worcester, 
 
 Princeton. 
 PODOPHYLLUM, L. May- Apple. Mandrake. 
 
 peltatum, L. West Boylston. Arba Pierce. 
 
 BRASENIA, Schreber. Water-Shield. 
 
 peltata, Pursh. Common. 
 
 NYMPH./EA, Tourn. Water-Lily. 
 
 odorata, Ait. Sweet-scented Water- Lily. Common. 
 
 " " var. minor, Sims. Rare. 
 
 NUPHAR, Smith. Yellow Pond-Lily. 
 
 advena, Ait. f. Common. 
 
 Kalmianum, Ait. Southbridge. Z. E. Ammidoivn. 
 
 SARRACENIACE^E. 
 
 SARRACENIA, Tourn. Side-saddle Flower. 
 
 purpurea, L. Pitcher-Plant. Common. 
 
 PAPAVERACE^E. 
 
 SANGUINARIA, Dill. Blood-root. 
 
 Canadensis, L. Common on rocky hillsides. 
 
8 
 
 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 CHELIDONIUM, L. Celandine. 
 
 *majus, L. Celandine. 
 PAPAVER, Tourn. Poppy. 
 
 *somniferum, L. Common Poppy. 
 
 FUMARIACEJE. 
 
 Climbing Fumitory. 
 
 Waste grounds. 
 
 Sutton. 
 
 Dr. G. C. Webber. 
 
 ADLUMIA, Raf. 
 
 cirrhosa, Raf. 
 DICENTRA, Borkh. Dutchman's Breeches. 
 
 Cucullaria, DC. Dutchman's Breeches. Barre. 
 
 Miss Sara Lane. 
 
 Canadensis, DC. Squirrel Corn. 
 CORYDALIS, Vent. Corydalis. 
 
 glauca, Pursh. Pale Corydalis. 
 
 aurea, Willd. Golden Corydalis. 
 
 Rare. 
 
 Barre, Winchendon. 
 
 In dry woods. 
 Winchendon. 
 F. R. Hathaway. 
 
 FUMARIA, Tourn. Fumitory. 
 
 *officinalis, L. Common Fumitory. 
 
 CRUCIFER^E. 
 
 Waste places. 
 
 Miss E. M. Reed. 
 
 Wet meadows. 
 Wet places. 
 
 DENTARIA, Tourn. Pepper-root. 
 
 diphylla, L. North Brookfield. 
 CARDAMINE, Tourn. Bitter Cress. 
 
 rhomboidea, DC. Spring Cress. 
 
 hirsuta, L. Small Bitter Cress. 
 
 parviflora. A form answering to this is found on Mt. 
 
 Wachusett. 
 ARABIS, L. Rock Cress. 
 
 Canadensis, L. Sickle-pod. Sutton. 
 
 perfoliata, Lam. Tower Mustard. Sutton, Worcester. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 9 
 
 
 ALYSSUM, Tourn. Alyssum. 
 
 *calycinum, L. Occasional. 
 
 CAMELINA, Crantz. False Flax. 
 
 *sativa, Crantz. Occasional. 
 
 NASTURTIUM, R. Br. Water-Cress. 
 
 *officinale, R. Br. True Water- Cress. Common. 
 
 palustre, DC. Marsh Cress. 
 
 * " " var. hispidum, DC. Not rare. 
 
 *Armoracia, Fries. Horseradish. Escaped. 
 
 BARBAREA, R. Br. Winter Cress. 
 
 vulgaris, R. Br. Common Winter Cress. 
 SISYMBRIUM, Tourn. Hedge Mustard. 
 
 *officinale, Scop. Hedge Mustard. Worcester. 
 
 ' Prof. Eaton. 
 BRASSICA, Tourn. Mustard. 
 
 *nigra, Koch. Black Mustard. Waste places. 
 
 CAPSELLA, Medic. Shepherd's Purse. 
 
 *Bursa-pastoris, Mcench. Very common. 
 
 THLASPI, Tourn. Pennycress. 
 
 *arvense, L. Field Pennycress. Waste places. Rare. 
 LEPIDIUM, Tourn. Peppergrass. 
 
 Virginicum, L. Wild Peppergrass. Common. 
 
 *ruderale, L. Not common. 
 
 RAPHANUS, Tourn. Radish. 
 
 *Raphanistrum, L. Wild Radish. Lunenburg. 
 
 Mr. Kilburn. 
 
 *sativus, L. Garden Radish. Occasionally spontaneous. 
 
 CISTACE^E. 
 
 HELIANTHEMUM, Tourn. Rock-rose. 
 
 Canadense, Michx. Frost-weed. Common in dry grounds. 
 
10 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 LECHEA, Kalm. Pinweed. 
 
 major, Michx. Templeton. V. P. Parkhurst. 
 
 minor, L. Dry and sterile grounds, 
 
 tenuifolia, Michx. With the last. 
 
 VIOLACE^E. 
 
 VIOLA, Tourn. Violet. 
 
 pedata, L. Bird-foot Violet. Common in sandy soil. 
 
 palmata, L. Common Blue Violet. Common. 
 
 " " var. cucullata, Gray. Low grounds, common. 
 
 sagittata, Ait.. Arrow-leaved Violet. Dry grounds, 
 
 common, 
 blanda, Willd. Sweet White Violet. Common in wet 
 
 grounds. 
 
 primulsefolia, L. Worcester. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 lanceolata, L. Lance-leaved Violet. Wet grounds, 
 
 common. 
 
 rotundifolia, Michx. Early Yellow Violet. Cold woods, 
 pubescens, Ait. Downy Yellow Violet. Common, 
 
 striata, Ait. Pale Violet. Leicester, 
 
 rostrata, Pursh. Long-spurred Violet. Fitchburg. 
 
 canina, L., var. Muhlenbergii, Gray. Dog Violet. Common. 
 *tricolor, L. Pansy. Occasionally spontaneous. 
 
 CARYOPHYLLACE^;. 
 
 DIANTHUS, L. Pink. 
 
 *Armeria, L. Deptford Pink. Dry pastures. 
 
 *deltoides, L. Maiden Pink. Rare. 
 
 *barbatus, L. Sweet William. Princeton. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. II 
 
 SAPONARIA, L. Soap wort. 
 
 *officinalis, L. Soapwort. Naturalized. 
 
 SILENE, L. Catchfly. 
 
 *Cucubalus, Wibel. Bladder Campion. Meadows, not 
 rare. 
 
 Pennsylvania, Michx. Wild Pink. Not abundant. 
 
 antirrhina, L. Sleepy Catchfly. " " 
 
 *noctiflora, L. Night-flowering Catchfly. Rare. 
 
 Dr. G. C. Webber. 
 LYCHNIS, Tourn. Cockle. 
 
 *vespertina, Sibth. Evening Lychnis. Occasional. 
 
 *Githago, Lam. Corn Cockle. 
 
 *Flos-cuculi, L. Ragged Robin. " 
 
 ARENARIA, L. Sandwort. 
 
 Groenlandica, Spreng. Mountain Sandwort. Ashburn- 
 ham. Prof. Vose. 
 
 lateriflora, L. Sandwort. Not rare. 
 
 STELLARIA, L. Chickweed. 
 
 *media, Smith. Common Chickweed. Very common. 
 
 longifolia, Muhl. Long-leaved Stitchwort. Common. 
 
 borealis, Bigel. Northern Stitchwort. In shaded places. 
 CERASTIUM, L. Mouse-ear Chickweed. 
 
 *viscosum, L. Mouse-ear Chickweed. Not common. 
 
 *vulgatum, L. Larger Mouse-ear Chickweed. Common. 
 
 arvense, L. Field Chickweed. Dry places. 
 
 SAGINA, L. Pearlwort. 
 
 procumbens, L. In shaded pastures. Rare. 
 
 BUDA, Adans. Sand-Spurrey. 
 
 rubra, Dumort. Common in dry soil. 
 
12 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 SPERGULA, L. Spurrey. 
 
 *arvensis, L. Corn Spurrey. Not rare. 
 
 PORTULACACE^E. 
 
 PORTULACA, Tourn. Purslane. 
 
 *oleracea, L. Common Purslane. Common in gardens. 
 CLAYTDNIA, Gronov. Spring-Beauty. 
 
 Caroliniana, Michx. Worcester, Holden. 
 
 HYPERICACE.E. 
 
 HYPERICUM, Tourn. St. John's-wort. 
 
 ellipticum, Hook. Wet places. Common. 
 
 *perforatum, L. Common St. John's-wort. Fields. 
 
 Common. 
 
 maculatum, Walt. Common in damp places. 
 
 mutilum, L. In low grounds. 
 
 Canadense, L. Common in low grounds. 
 
 nudicaule, Walt. Pine-weed. In dry grounds. 
 
 ELODES, Adans. Marsh St. John's-wort. 
 
 campanulata, Pursh. Common in swampy grounds. 
 
 MALVACEAE. 
 
 MALVA, L. Mallow. 
 
 *rotundifolia, L. Common Mallow. Common. 
 
 *sylvestris, L. High Mallow. Waysides. 
 
 *crispa, L. Curled Mallow. Sparingly escaped. 
 
 *moschata, L. Musk Mallow. " " 
 
 TILIACE^E. 
 
 TILIA, Tourn. Basswood. 
 
 Americana, L. Basswood. Common. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 13 
 
 LINAGES. 
 
 LINUM, Tourn. Flax. 
 
 *usitatissimum, L. Common Flax. Occasionally 
 
 spontaneous. 
 
 GERANIACE^E. 
 
 GERANIUM, Tourn. Cranesbill. 
 
 maculatum, L. Wild Cranesbill. Common. 
 
 Robertianum, L. Herb Robert. Mt. Wachusett, 
 
 Prof. Eaton; Worcester, G. Coult. 
 
 Carolinianum, L. Cultivated grounds. 
 
 *pusillum, L. Waste places. Rare. 
 
 ERODIUM, L'Her. Storksbill. 
 
 *cicutarium, L'Her. Occasionally in meadows. 
 
 OXALIS, L. Wood-Sorrel. 
 
 Acetosella, L. Common Wood-Sorrel. Northern part of 
 
 the county, 
 violacea, L. Violet Wood-Sorrel. Northern part of the 
 
 county, 
 corniculata, L., var. stricta, Sav. Yellow Wood-Sorrel. 
 
 Common. 
 IMPATIENS, L. Balsam. 
 
 pallida, Nutt. Pale Touch-me-not. Not rare, 
 
 fulva, Nutt. Spotted Touch-me-not. Common. 
 
 RUTACE^E. 
 
 XANTHOXYLUM, L. Prickly Ash. 
 
 Americanum, Mill. Northern Prickly Ash. Millbury. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 ILICINE^. 
 
 ILEX, L. Holly. 
 
 verticillata, Gray. Winterberry. 
 
 laevigata, Gray. Smooth Winterberry. 
 NEMOPANTHES, Raf. Mountain Holly. 
 
 fascicularis, Raf. 
 
 CELASTRUS, L. 
 scandens, L. 
 
 CELASTRACE^:. 
 
 Bitter-sweet. 
 Climbing Bitter-sweet. 
 
 RHAMNACE^E. 
 
 RHAMNUS, Tourn. Buckthorn. 
 
 *cathartica, L. Common Buckthorn. 
 CEANOTHUS, L. New Jersey Tea. 
 
 Americanus, L. New Jersey Tea. 
 
 VITACE^E. 
 
 VITIS, Tourn. Grape. 
 
 Labrusca, L. Northern Fox-Grape. 
 
 cordifolia, Michx. Frost Grape. 
 
 riparia, Michx. 
 AMPELOPSIS, Michx. Virginian Creeper. 
 
 quinquefolia, Michx. 
 
 SAPINDACE^E. 
 
 ACER, Tourn. Maple. 
 
 Pennsylvanicum, L. Striped Maple, 
 spicatum, Lam. Mountain Maple, 
 the county. 
 
 Common. 
 Swamps. 
 
 Swampy woods. 
 
 Common. 
 
 Naturalized. 
 Common. 
 
 Common. 
 Not uncommon. 
 G. B. Emerson. 
 
 Common. 
 
 Common. 
 Northern part of 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 Common. 
 Northern part of 
 
 Common. 
 
 Common. 
 
 saccharinum, Wang. Sugar Maple, 
 dasycarpum, Ehrh. White Maple. 
 
 the county, 
 rubrum, L. Red Maple. 
 
 ANACARDIACE^:. 
 
 RHUS, L. Sumach. 
 
 typhina, L. Staghorn Sumach, 
 glabra, L. Smooth Sumach, 
 copallina, L. Dwarf Sumach, 
 venenata, DC. Poison Dogwood. 
 Toxicodendron, L. Poison Ivy. 
 
 " var. radicans, L. 
 
 POLYGALACE^:. 
 
 POLYGALA, Tourn. Milkwort. 
 
 paucifolia, Willd. Fringed Polygala. Common, 
 
 polygama, Walt. Dry sandy soil. Auburn, 
 
 sanguinea, L. Common in moist places. 
 
 Nuttallii, Torr. & Gray. Dry soil. Not common, 
 
 verticillata, L. Dry soil, common. 
 
 LEGUMINOS^E. 
 
 BAPTISIA, Vent. False Indigo. 
 
 tinctoria, R. Br. Wild Indigo. Abundant. 
 
 GENISTA, L. Woad-Waxen. 
 
 *tinctoria, L. Dyer's Green-weed. Rare. 
 
 LUPINUS, Tourn. Lupine. 
 
 perennis, L. Wild Lupine. Quite common. 
 
1 6 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 TRIFOLIUM, Tourn. Clover. 
 
 *arvense, L. Rabbit-foot Clover. Old fields, common. 
 
 *pratense, L. Red Clover. Common in meadows. 
 
 *repens, L. White Clover. 
 
 *hybridum, L. Alsike Clover. Worcester. 
 
 *agrarium, L. Yellow Clover. " 
 
 *procumbens, L. Low Hop-Clover. Millbury. 
 
 MELILOTUS, Tourn. Melilot. 
 
 *om"cinalis, Willd. Yellow Melilot. Not common. 
 
 *alba, Lam. White Melilot. Common. 
 
 MEDICAGO, Tourn. Medick. 
 
 *sativa, L. Alfalfa. Spreading. 
 
 *lupulina, L. Black Medick. Waste places. 
 
 *maculata, Willd. Spotted Medick. " " 
 
 *denticulata. 
 TEPHROSIA, Pers. Hoary Pea. 
 
 Virginiana, .Pers. Goat's Rue. Dry soil, not rare. 
 
 ROBINIA, L. Locust-tree. 
 
 Pseudacacia, L. Common Locust. Naturalized. 
 
 viscosa, L. Clammy Locust. " 
 
 CORONILLA, L. 
 
 *varia, L. Rare. 
 DESMODIUM, Desv. Tick-Trefoil. 
 
 nudiflorum, DC. Dry woods, not abundant, 
 
 acuminatum, DC. Rich woods, 
 
 rotundifolium, DC. Dry woods, not rare, 
 
 canescens, DC. Southbridge. L. E. Ammidown. 
 
 paniculatum, DC. Copses, common. 
 
 Canadense, DC. Common on roadsides. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 Barre. 
 
 rigidum, DC. 
 
 ciliare, DC. 
 
 Marilandicum, F. Boott. 
 LESPEDEZA, Michx. Bush-Clover. 
 
 procumbens, Michx. 
 
 violacea, Pers. 
 
 Stuvei, Nutt. 
 
 polystachya, Michx. 
 
 capitata, Michx. 
 VICIA, Tourn. Vetch. 
 
 *sativa, L. Common Vetch. 
 
 *hirsuta, Koch. 
 
 Cracca, L. 
 LATHYRUS, Tourn. Vetchling. 
 
 ochroleucus, Hook. 
 APIOS, Boerh. Ground-nut. 
 
 tuberosa, Moench. 
 PHASEOLUS, Tourn. Kidney Bean. 
 
 perennis, Walt. Wild Bean. 
 AMPHICARP^EA, Ell. Hog Pea-nut. 
 
 monoica, Nutt. 
 CASSIA, Tourn. Senna. 
 
 Marilandica, L. Wild Senna. 
 
 Chamaecrista, L. Partridge Pea. 
 county. 
 
 nictitans, L. Wild Sensitive-Plant. 
 
 ROSACES. 
 
 PRUNUS, Tourn. Plum. Cherry. 
 
 pumila, L. Dwarf Cherry. Winchendon. 
 
 Common. 
 
 Dry hills, not uncommon. 
 Copses. 
 
 In dry soil. 
 
 In dry copses. 
 (t it 
 
 Dry hills. 
 With the last. 
 
 Waste places. 
 Miss Sara Lane. 
 Not abundant. 
 
 Barre. Miss Sara Lane. 
 
 Low grounds, common. 
 Not common. 
 Common in copses. 
 
 Not common. 
 Southern part of the 
 
 With the last. 
 
 A. S. Allen. 
 
1 8 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 Pennsylvanica, L. f. Wild Red Cherry. Common in woods. 
 
 Virginiana, L. Choke-Cherry. Copses. 
 
 serotina, Ehrh. Wild Black Cherry. With the last. 
 
 SPIRAEA, L. Meadow-Sweet. 
 
 salicifolia, L. Common Meadow-Sweet. Pastures, etc. 
 
 tomentosa, L. Hardhack. Low grounds. 
 
 PHYSOCARPUS, Maxim. Nine-bark. 
 
 opulifolius, Maxim. Worcester. Miss E.J. Seaver. 
 
 RUBUS, Tourn. Bramble. 
 
 odoratus, L. Purple Flowering-Raspberry. Northern 
 part of the county. 
 
 triflorus, Richardson. Dwarf Raspberry. Low grounds. 
 
 strigosus, Michx. Red Raspberry. Copses. 
 
 occidentalis, L. Black Raspberry. " 
 
 villosus, Ait. High Blackberry. " 
 
 Canadensis, L. Low Blackberry. Dry fields. 
 
 hispidus, L. Running Swamp-Blackberry. Low grounds. 
 DALIBARDA, L. Dalibarda. 
 
 repens, L. Northern part of the county. 
 
 GEUM, L. Avens. 
 
 album, Gmelin. Borders of woods. 
 
 Virginianum, L. 
 
 strictum, Ait. Moist meadows. 
 
 rivale, L. Purple Avens. Moist meadows, common. 
 
 WALDSTEINIA, Willd. 
 
 fragarioides, Tratt. Barren Strawberry. Winchendon. 
 
 F. R. Hathaway. 
 FRAGARIA, Tourn. Strawberry. 
 
 Virginiana, Mill. Fields and woodlands, common. 
 
 vesca, L. Less common than the last. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 1 9 
 
 POTENTILLA, L. Cinque-foil. 
 
 Norvegica, L. Pastures. 
 
 argentea, L. Silvery Cinque-foil. Common. 
 
 palustris, Scop. Marsh Five-Finger. Rare. 
 
 fructicosa, L. Shrubby Cinque-foil. Eastern part of the 
 county. 
 
 tridentata, Ait. Three-toothed Cinque-foil. Mt. 
 
 Wachusett. 
 
 Canadensis, L. Common Cinque-foil. Common. 
 
 AGRIMONIA, Tourn. Agrimony. 
 
 Eupatoria, L. Common Agrimony. Copses. 
 
 POTERIUM, L. Burnet. 
 
 Canadense, Benth. & Hook. Canadian Burnet. 
 ROSA, Tourn. Rose. 
 
 blanda, Ait. Wild Rose. Not common. 
 
 Carolina, L. " " Borders of swamps. 
 
 lucida, Ehrh. " " 
 
 humilis, Marsh. Princeton. W. W. Bailey dr* J. F. 
 
 Collins. 
 
 *rubiginosa, L. Sweetbrier. Pastures. 
 
 PYRUS, L. Pear. Apple. 
 
 *Malus, L. Apple Occasionally self-sown. 
 
 *communis, L. Pear. " " " 
 
 arbutifolia, L. f. Choke-berry. In huckleberry pastures. 
 " var. melanocarpa, Hook. Common. 
 
 Americana, DC. American Mountain-Ash. Mt. 
 
 Wachusett. 
 
 *aucuparia, Gaert. European Mountain-Ash. Henshaw 
 Pond, Leicester, spontaneous. 
 
20 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 CRATYEGUS, L. Hawthorn. 
 
 coccinea, L. Scarlet-Thorn. Common. 
 
 " " var. mollis, Torr. & Gray. Fitchburg. Rare. 
 
 punctata, Jacq. Worcester. 
 
 AMELANCHIER, Medic. June- berry. 
 
 Canadensis, Torr. & Gray. Shad-bush. Common. 
 
 SAXIFRAGACE^E. 
 
 SAXIFRAGA, L. Saxifrage. 
 
 Virginiensis, Michx. Early Saxifrage. Common. 
 
 Pennsylvanica, L. Swamp Saxifrage. " 
 
 TIARELLA, L. False Mitre-wort. 
 
 cordifolia, L. Abundant in northern part of the county. 
 MITELLA, Tourn. Mitre-wort. 
 
 diphylla, L. Common. 
 
 CHRYSOSPLENIUM, Tourn. Golden Saxifrage. 
 
 Americanum, Schwein. Common in wet places. 
 
 PARNASSIA, Tourn. Grass of Parnassus. 
 
 Caroliniana, Michx. In low grounds. 
 
 HYDRANGEA, Gronov. Hydrangea. 
 
 arborescens, L. Wild Hydrangea. Barre. Miss Sara 
 
 Lane. Spontaneous. 
 RIBES, L. Currant. Gooseberry. 
 
 Cynosbati, L. Wild Gooseberry. Rocky woods. 
 
 rotundifolium, Michx. Wild Gooseberry. Princeton. 
 
 oxyacanthoides, L. Wild Gooseberry. Copses. 
 
 prostratum, L'Her. Fetid Currant. Mt. Wachusett. 
 
 floridum, L'Her. Wild Black Currant. Tatnuck. 
 
 rubrum, L., var. subglandulosum, Maxim. Red Currant. 
 Winchendon. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 21 
 
 CRASSULACE^E. 
 
 PENTHORUM, Gronov. Ditch Stone-crop. 
 
 sedoides, L. Common in low lands. 
 
 SEDUM, Tourn. Stone-crop. 
 
 ternatum, Michx. Worcester. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 *acre, L. Mossy Stone-crop. Established. 
 
 *Telephium, L. Live-for-ever. " 
 
 DROSERACE^E. 
 
 DROSERA, L. Sundew. 
 
 rotundifolia, L. Round-leaved Sundew. Bogs, common, 
 intermedia, Hayne, var. Americana, DC. " " 
 
 HAMAMELIDE^E. 
 
 HAMAMELIS, L. Witch-Hazel. 
 
 Virginiana, L. Copses, common. 
 
 HALORAGE^E. 
 
 MYRIOPHYLLUM, Vaill. Water-Milfoil. 
 
 spicatum, L. Ponds. 
 
 verticillatum, L. Ponds, common. 
 
 PROSERPINACA, L. Mermaid- weed. 
 
 palustris, L. Brooks. Not rare. 
 
 CALLITRICHE, L. Water-Starwort. 
 
 verna, L. In brooks. Millbury. 
 
 MELASTOMACE^E. 
 
 RHEXIA, L. Meadow-Beauty. 
 
 Virginica, L. Sutton. Dr. G. C. Webber. 
 
22 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 LYTHRACE^:. 
 
 LYTHRUM, L. Loosestrife. 
 
 *Salicaria, L. Spiked Loosestrife. Not common. 
 
 DECODON, Gmel. Swamp Loosestrife. 
 
 verticillatus, Ell. Swamps. Not common. 
 
 ONAGRACE^:. 
 
 LUDWIGIA, L. False Loosestrife. 
 
 alterni folia, L. Seed-box. Swamps. 
 
 palustris, Ell. Water Purslane. Swamps, common. 
 
 EPILOBIUM, L. Willow-herb. 
 
 angustifolium, L. Fire-weed. Common in clearings. 
 
 lineare, Muhl. In low lands. 
 
 strictum, Muhl. " " " 
 
 coloratum, Muhl. In low lands, common. 
 
 adenocaulon, Haussk. Wet grounds. 
 
 CENOTHERA, L. Evening Primrose. 
 
 biennis, L. Common Evening Primrose. Common. 
 
 " " var. grandiflora, Lindl. Rare. 
 
 pumila, L. Dry fields. Quite common. 
 
 fruticosa, L. Sundrops. 
 GAURA, L. Gaura. 
 
 biennis, L. Southbridge. Z. E. Ammidown. 
 
 CIROEA, Tourn. Enchanter's Nightshade. 
 
 Lutetiana, L. Common in thickets. 
 
 alpina, L. Sutton, Spencer. Miss A. E. Tucker. 
 
 CUCURBITACE^. 
 
 SICYOS, L. One-seeded Bur-Cucumber. 
 
 angulatus, L. Thickets. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 ECHINOCYSTIS, Torr. & Gray, 
 lobata, Torr. & Gray. 
 
 FICOIDE^E. 
 
 MOLLUGO, L. Indian-Chickweed. 
 *verticillata, L. Carpet-weed. 
 
 UMBELLIFER^E. 
 Carrot. 
 
 Wild Balsam-apple. 
 
 Rich soil. 
 
 Common. 
 
 DAUCUS, Tourn. 
 
 *Carota, L. 
 ANGELICA, L. Angelica. 
 
 atropurpurea, L. 
 HERACLEUM, L. Cow-Parsnip. 
 
 lanatum, Michx. 
 .PASTINACA, L. Parsnip. 
 
 *sativa, L. 
 THASPIUM, Nutt. Meadow-Parsnip. 
 
 aureum, Nutt. Common in low meadows. 
 
 CRYPTOIVENIA, DC. Hone wort. 
 
 Canadensis, DC. 
 SIUM, Tourn. Water Parsnip. 
 
 cicutsefolium, Gmelin. 
 
 Carsonii, Durand. 
 ZIZIA, Koch. Zizia. 
 
 aurea, Koch. 
 CARUM, L. Caraway. 
 
 *Carui, L. Caraway. 
 CICUTA, L. Water-Hemlock. 
 
 maculata, L. Musquash Root. Common in swamps. 
 
 bulbifera, L. Worcester. H. H. Kingsbury. 
 
 Common. 
 In low grounds. 
 In low grounds. 
 
 Common. 
 
 Worcester, Southbridge. 
 
 In wet places. 
 Swamps. Sutton. 
 
 Upland meadows. 
 Common. 
 
24 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 CONIUM, L. Poison Hemlock. 
 
 *maculatum, L. Not rare. 
 
 OSMORRHIZA, Raf. Sweet Cicely. 
 
 brevistylis, DC. Worcester. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 longistylis, DC. 
 HYDROCOTYLE, Tourn. Water Pennywort. 
 
 Americana, L. Common in damp woods. 
 
 SANICULA, Tourn. Sanicle. 
 
 Marylandica, L. Common in copses. 
 
 " " var. Canadensis, Torr. . Worcester. 
 
 ARALIACE^E. 
 
 ARALIA, Tourn. Ginseng. 
 
 racemosa, L. Spikenard. Occasional, 
 
 hispida, Vent. Wild Elder. Common in clearings, 
 
 nudicaulis, L. Wild Sarsaparilla. Common, 
 
 quinquefolia, Decsne. & Planch. Ginseng. Not common, 
 trifolia, Decsne. & Planch. Dwarf Ginseng. Common. 
 
 CORNACE^:. 
 
 CORNUS, Tourn. Cornel. Dogwood. 
 
 Canadensis, L. Bunch-berry. Common northwards. 
 
 florida, L. Flowering Dogwood. " southwards. 
 
 circinata, L'Her. Round-leaved Cornel. Not common. 
 
 sericea, L. Silky Cornel. Common. 
 
 stolonifera, Michx. Red-osier Dogwood. Sutton. 
 
 paniculata, L'Her. Panicled Cornel. Common. 
 
 alternifolia, L. f. Alternate-leaved Cornel. " 
 
 NYSSA, L. Tupelo. 
 
 sylvatica, Marsh. Tupelo. Occasional. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 25 
 
 DIVISION II. GAMOPETAL^E. 
 
 CAPRIFOLIACE^E. 
 
 SAMBUCUS, Tourn. Elder. 
 
 Canadensis, L. Common Elder. Common in rich soil. 
 
 racemosa, L. Red-berried Elder. Rocky woods. 
 
 VIBURNUM, L. Arrow-wood. 
 
 lantanoides, Michx. Hobble-bush. Common in the 
 
 northern part of the county. 
 
 Opulus, L. Cranberry-tree. Rare in the southern 
 
 part of the county. 
 
 acerifolium, L. Maple-leaved Viburnum. Common. 
 
 dentatum, L. Arrow-wood. Common in wet grounds. 
 
 cassinoides, L. Withe-rod. Swamps, common. 
 
 Lentago, L. Sweet Viburnum. Occasional. 
 
 TRIOSTEUM, L. Fever-wort. 
 
 perfoliatum, L. Boylston. 
 
 LINN^A, Gronov. Twin-flower. 
 
 borealis, L. Gardner, Templeton. 
 
 SYMPHORICARPOS, Dill. Snowberry. 
 
 racemosus, Michx. Snowberry. Farnumsville. Miss 
 
 K. I. Fish. 
 LONICERA, L. Honeysuckle. 
 
 ciliata, Muhl. Fly-Honeysuckle. Common. 
 
 cxrulea, L. Mountain Fly-Honeysuckle. Boylston. 
 
 hirsuta, Eaton. Hairy Honeysuckle. Bigelow's 
 
 Fl. Bost. 
 
 glauca, Hill. West Boylston, North Brookfield. 
 
 DIERVILLA, Tourn. Bush-Honeysuckle. 
 
 trifida, Moench. Common in copses. 
 
26 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 RUBIACEyE. 
 
 HOUSTONIA, L. Houstonia. 
 
 caerulea, L. Bluets. Common. 
 
 CEPHALANTHUS, L. Button-bush. 
 
 occidentalis, L. Button-bush. Common in swamps. 
 
 MITCHELLA, L. Partridge-berry. 
 
 repens, L. Partridge-berry. Common. 
 
 GALIUM, L. Bedstraw. 
 
 *Mollugo, L. Princeton. W. W. B. & J. F. C. 
 
 circaezans, Michx. Wild Liquorice. Rich woods. 
 
 lanceolatum, Torr. Wild Liquorice. Dry woods. 
 
 Worcester. Miss Sargent. 
 
 trifidum, L. Small Bedstraw. In we.t grounds. 
 
 " var. pusillum, Gray. " " " 
 
 asprellum, Michx. Rough Bedstraw. " " " 
 
 triflorum, Michx. Sweet-scented Bedstraw. Rich woods. 
 
 DIPSACE^E. 
 
 DIPSACUS, Tourn. Teasel. 
 
 *sylvestris, Mill. Wild Teasel. Worcester. 
 
 COMPOSITE. 
 
 VERNONIA, Schreb. Iron-weed. 
 
 Noveboracensis, Willd. In swampy meadows. 
 
 MIKANIA, Willd. Climbing Hemp-weed. 
 
 scandens, L. Tatnuck. Mr. Kinney. Rare. 
 
 EUPATORIUM, Tourn. Thoroughwort. 
 
 purpureum, L. Joe-Pye Weed. Common. 
 
 rotundifolium, L., var. ovatum, Torr. Worcester. G. Coult. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 2J 
 
 perfoliatum, L. Thoroughwort. Common. 
 
 ageratoides, L. White Snake-root. Rich woods, common. 
 
 aromaticum, L. Southbridge. Z. E. Ammidown. 
 
 LIATRIS, Schreb. Blazing-Star. 
 
 scariosa, Willd. Sterling. Miss E.J. Seaver. 
 
 SOLIDAGO, L. Golden-rod. 
 
 squarrosa, Muhl. Southbridge. Z. E. Ammidown. 
 
 caesia, L. Rich woodlands, common. 
 
 latifolia, L. " " " 
 
 bicolor, L. White Golden-rod. Common. 
 
 puberula, Nutt. Princeton. W. W. B. & J. F. C. 
 
 uliginosa, Nutt. Swamps. 
 
 speciosa, Nutt. Barre. Miss Sara Lane. 
 
 odora, Ait. Sweet Golden-rod. Copses. 
 
 patula, Muhl. Swamps, not rare. 
 
 rugosa, Mill. Very common. 
 
 ulmifolia, Muhl. Southbridge. Z. E. Ammidown. 
 
 Elliottii, Torr. & Gray. Swamps. 
 
 neglecta, Torr. Gray. " 
 
 arguta, Ait. Copses. 
 
 juncea, Ait. Copses and banks, common. 
 
 serotina, Ait. Copses and along fences, " 
 
 " " var. gigantea, Gray. Near the last. 
 
 Canadensis, L. Very common. 
 
 nemoralis, Ait. Dry sterile fields, " 
 
 lanceolata, L. Moist soil, " 
 
 tenuifolia, Pursh. Southbridge. Z. E. Ammidown. 
 
 SERICOCARPUS, Nees. White-topped Aster. 
 
 conyzoides, Nees. Dry grounds, common. 
 
 solidagineus, Nees. Worcester, Boylston. 
 
28 
 
 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 ASTER, L. Aster, 
 corymbosus, Ait. 
 macrophyllus, L. 
 Novse-Angliae, L. 
 patens, Ait. 
 undulatus, L. 
 cordifolius, L. 
 sagittifolius, Willd. 
 laevis, L. 
 ericoides, L. 
 multiflorus, Ait. 
 dumosus, L. 
 vimineus, Lam. 
 diffusus, Ait. 
 Tradescanti, L. 
 paniculatus, Lam. 
 salicifolius, Ait. 
 Novi-Belgii, L. 
 prenanthoides, Muhl. 
 puniceus, L. 
 umbellatus, Mill, 
 linariifolius, L. 
 
 ptarmicoides, Torr. and Gray, 
 acuminatus, Michx. 
 
 Woodlands, common. 
 Moist woods, " 
 Moist grounds, not rare. 
 Dry grounds, common. 
 
 Copses, 
 
 Dry woodlands, " 
 Pastures, etc., " 
 Borders of woodlands, " 
 Southbridge. L. E. Ammidown. 
 Dry sandy soil, common. 
 Copses, 
 
 Waste grounds, " 
 (( (i a 
 
 Low " " 
 
 Shady moist banks, " 
 Pastures and low grounds, " 
 Moist grounds, " 
 Grafton. Misses Putnam. 
 Low grounds, very common. 
 Moist thickets, common. 
 
 Dry grounds, " 
 Barre. Miss Sara Lane. 
 Rich woodlands. 
 
 ERIGERON, L. Fleabane. 
 
 Canadensis, L. Horse-weed. Common, 
 
 annuus, Pers. Daisy Fleabane. Waste places, 
 
 strigosus, Muhl. " 
 
 " " var. discoideus, Robbins. Millbury. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 29 
 
 bellidifolius, Muhl. Robin's Plantain. Common. 
 
 Philadelphicus, L. Common Fleabane. " 
 
 ANTENNARIA, Gsertn. Everlasting. 
 
 plantaginifolia, Hook. Pastures, common. 
 
 ANAPHALIS, DC. Everlasting. 
 
 margaritacea, Benth. & Hook. Pearly Everlasting. 
 
 Common. 
 GNAPHALIUM, L. Cudweed. 
 
 polycephalum, Michx. Common Everlasting. Common. 
 
 decurrens, Ives. Everlasting. " 
 
 uliginosum, L. Low Cudweed. Low grounds. 
 
 purpureum, L. Purplish Cudweed. " " 
 
 INULA, L. Elecampane. 
 
 *Helenium, L. Roadsides and low pastures. 
 
 AMBROSIA, Tourn. Ragweed. 
 
 artemisiaefolia, L. Roman Wormwood. Very common. 
 XANTHIUM, Tourn. Cocklebur. 
 
 *Strumarium, L. Worcester. J. Coulson. 
 
 HELIOPSIS, Pers. Ox-eye. 
 
 Ixvis, Pers. , Worcester. G. Coult. From the West. 
 RUDBECKIA, L. Cone-flower. 
 
 laciniata, L. Leicester. H. H. Kingsbury. 
 
 hirta, L. From the West. Meadows, common. 
 
 HELIANTHUS, L. Sunflower. 
 
 annuus, L. Common Sunflower. Escaped. 
 
 divaricatus, L. Thickets, not rare. 
 
 strumosus, L. " common. 
 
 decapetalus, L. Copses, not common. 
 
 tuberosus, L. Jerusalem Artichoke. " " 
 
30 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 BIDENS, L. Bur-Marigold. 
 
 frondosa, L. Common Beggar-ticks. Waste grounds. 
 
 connata, Muhl. Swamp Beggar-ticks. Low " 
 
 cernua, L. Smaller Bur- Marigold. \Yet places. 
 
 chrysanthemoides, Michx. Larger Bur-Marigold. Swamps. 
 
 Beckii, Torr. Water Marigold. Lake Quinsigamond. 
 GALINSOGA, Ruiz & Pavpn. Galinsoga. 
 
 *parviflora, Cav. Worcester, Millbury. 
 
 ANTHEMIS, L. Chamomile. 
 
 *Cotula, DC. May-weed. Roadsides, common. 
 
 ACHILLEA, L. Yarrow. 
 
 Millefolium, L. Common Yarrow. Common. 
 
 CHRYSANTHEMUM, Tourn. Ox-eye Daisy. 
 
 *Leucanthemum, L. Ox-eye Daisy. Very common. 
 
 *Parthenium, Pers. Feverfew. Barre. Miss Sara Lane. 
 TANACETUM, L. Tansy. 
 
 *vulgare, L. Common Tansy. Quite common. 
 
 * " " var. crispum. G. E. Stone. 
 
 ARTEMISIA, L. Wormwood. 
 
 *vulgaris, L. Common Mugwort. Worcester. 
 
 Prof. Eaton. 
 
 *Absinthium, L. Wormwood. Worcester. " " 
 TUSSILAGO, Tourn. Coltsfoot. 
 
 *Farfara, L. Fitchburg. E. A. Hartwell. 
 
 SENECIO, Tourn. Groundsel. 
 
 aureus, L. Squaw-weed. Very common. 
 
 ERECHTITES, Raf. Fireweed. 
 
 hieracifolia, Raf. Common in burned clearings. 
 
 ARCTIUM, L. Burdock. 
 
 *Lappa, L., var. minus. Roadsides and waste places. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 31 
 
 CNICUS, Tourn. Thistle. 
 
 *lanceolatus, Hoffm. Common Thistle. Common. 
 
 horridulus, Pursh. Southbridge. L. E. Ammidown. 
 
 altissimus, Willd., var. discolor, Gray. Not rare. 
 
 muticus, Pursh. Swamp Thistle. Worcester. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 pumilus, Torr. Pasture Thistle. Southbridge. 
 
 L. E. Ammidown. 
 
 *arvensis, Hoffm. Canada Thistle. Common. 
 
 KRIGIA, Schreber. Dwarf Dandelion. 
 
 Virginica, Willd. Upland woods and pastures. 
 
 CICHORIUM, Tourn. Chicory. 
 
 *Intybus, L. Roadsides, not rare. 
 
 LEONTODON, L. Fall Dandelion. 
 
 *autumnalis, L. Meadows and roadsides. Common 
 
 in southern part of the county. 
 HIERACIUM, Tourn. Hawkweed. 
 
 *aurantiacum, L. Winchendon. A. S. Allen. 
 
 Canadense, Michx. Copses, common. 
 
 paniculatum, L. " " 
 
 venosum, L. Rattlesnake-weed. In dry woods. 
 
 scabrum, Michx. Dry open woods. 
 
 Gronovii, L. Hairy Hawkweed. Common. 
 
 PRENANTHES, Vaill. Rattlesnake-root. 
 
 alba, L. White Lettuce. Rich woods, common. 
 
 serpentaria, Pursh. Lion's-foot. G. E. Stone. 
 
 altissima, L. Rich woods, not rare. 
 
 TARAXACUM, Haller. Dandelion. 
 
 *officinale, Weber. Common, Dandelion. Everywhere. 
 LACTUCA, Tourn. Lettuce. 
 
 Canadensis, L. Wild Lettuce. Rich soil, common. 
 
32 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 hirsuta, Muhl. Southbridge. L. E. Ammidown. 
 
 leucophsea, Gray. Low grounds, not rare. 
 
 SONCHUS, L. Sow-Thistle. 
 
 *oleraceus, L. Common Sow-Thistle. Waste places. 
 *asper, Vill. Spiny-leaved Sow-Thistle. " " 
 
 *arvensis, L. Field Sow-Thistle. " " 
 
 LOBELIACE^:. 
 
 LOBELIA, L. Lobelia. 
 
 cardinalis, L. Cardinal-flower. Low grounds, 
 
 "syphilitica, L. Great Lobelia. " " 
 
 spicata, Lam. Moist sandy soil, 
 
 inflata, L. Indian Tobacco. Low grounds. 
 
 Dortmanna, L. Water Lobelia. Borders of ponds. 
 
 CAMPANULACE^:. 
 
 SPECULARJA, Heister. Venus' Looking-glass. 
 
 perfoliata, A. DC. Dry open grounds. 
 
 CAMPANULA, Tourn. Bellflower. 
 
 *rapunculoides, L. Naturalized. 
 
 rotundifolia, L. Harebell. Winchendon. A. S. Allen. 
 
 aparinoides, Pursh. Marsh Bellflower. Wet meadows. 
 
 ERICACEAE. 
 
 GAYLUSSACIA, HBK. Huckleberry. 
 
 dumosa, Torr. & Gray. Dwarf Huckleberry. North- 
 
 borough. Arba Pierce. 
 
 frondosa, Torr. & Gray. Dangleberry. Copses, common. 
 
 resinosa, Torr. & Gray. Black Huckleberry. Pastures, 
 common. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 33 
 
 VACCINIUM, L. Blueberry. Cranberry. 
 
 Pennsylvanicum, Lam. Dwarf Blueberry. Common. 
 
 Canadense, Kalm. Winchendon. A. S. Allen. 
 
 vacillans, Solander. Low Blueberry. Common. 
 
 corymbosum, L. High Blueberry. " 
 
 " " var. atrococcum, Gray. " 
 
 Oxycoccus, L. Small Cranberry. Bogs, " 
 
 macrocarpon, Ait. Large Cranberry. " " 
 
 CHIOGENES, Salisb. Creeping Snowberry. 
 
 serpyllifolia, Salisb. Swamps. Auburn. 
 
 ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, Adans. Bearberry. 
 
 Uva-ursi, Spreng. Bare hills, not common. 
 
 EPIG^EA, L. Trailing Arbutus. 
 
 repens, L. Woods and pastures, common. 
 
 GAULTHERIA, Kalm. Wintergreen. 
 
 procumbens, L. Checkerberry. Common. 
 
 ANDROMEDA, L. Andromeda. 
 
 polifolia, L. Formerly found in Westborough ; now 
 
 in Whitehall Pond, just over the line into Middle- 
 sex County. It will undoubtedly be found again 
 in this county. 
 
 ligustrina, Muhl. Copses, common. 
 
 LEUCOTHOE, Don. Leucothoe. 
 
 racemosa, Gray. Millbury. Not common. 
 
 CASSANDRA, Don. Leather- Leaf. 
 
 calyculata, Don. Swamps, common. 
 
 KALMIA, L. American Laurel. 
 
 latifolia, L. Mountain Laurel. Common. 
 
 angustifolia, L. Sheep Laurel. " 
 
 glauca, Ait. Pale Laurel. Swamps, not rare. 
 
34 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 RHODODENDRON, L. Rose Bay. Azalea. 
 
 viscosum, Torr. White Swamp-Honeysuckle. Common. 
 
 nudiflorum, Torr. Swamp Pink. 
 
 Rhodora, Don. Rhodora. Swamps, 
 
 maximum, L. Rhododendron. Auburn, Sturbridge. 
 
 LEDUM, L. Labrador Tea. 
 
 latifolium, Ait. Worcester, Hubbardston. 
 
 CLETHRA, Gronov. White Alder. 
 
 alnifolia, L. Sweet Pepperbush. Wet copses, common. 
 CHIMAPHILA, Pursh. Pipsissewa. 
 
 umbellata, Nutt. Prince's Pine. Dry woods, common. 
 
 maculata, Pursh. Spotted Wintergreen. With the last. 
 MONESES, Salisb. One-flowered Pyrola. 
 
 grandiflora, Salisb. Abundant in northern part of the 
 
 county. F. L. Palmer. 
 PYROLA, Tourn. Wintergreen. 
 
 secunda, L. Copses, not common. 
 
 chlorantha, Swartz. Woods, common. 
 
 elliptica, Nutt. Shin-leaf. " 
 
 rotundifolia, L. Copses, " 
 
 MONOTROPA, L. Indian Pipe. 
 
 uniflora, L. Indian Pipe. Rich woods, common. 
 
 Hypopitys, L. Pine-sap. With the last. 
 
 PRIMULACE^E. 
 
 TRIENTALIS, L. Chickweed-Wintergreen. 
 
 Americana, Pursh. Star-flower. Woods, common. 
 
 STEIRONEMA, Raf. Loosestrife. 
 
 ciliatum, Raf. Low grounds, common. 
 
 lanceolatum, Gray. Low grounds, not " 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 35 
 
 LYSIMACHIA, Tourn. 
 *vulgaris, L. 
 quadrifolia, L. 
 stricta, Ait. 
 
 Loosestrife. 
 
 Bolton. Miss J. M. Nichols. 
 Thickets, common. 
 Low grounds, " 
 
 *nummularia, L. Moneywort. 
 thyrsiflora, L. Tufted Loosestrife. 
 
 ANAGALLIS, Tourn. 
 *arvensis, L. 
 
 Escaped. 
 Northborough. 
 
 Arba Pierce. 
 Pimpernel. 
 
 Waste grounds. Southbridge. 
 
 OLEACE^E. 
 
 FRAXINUS, Tourn. Ash. 
 
 Americana, L. White Ash. 
 sambucifolia, Lam. Black Ash. 
 
 APOCYNACE^E. 
 
 APOCYNUM, Tourn. Dogbane. 
 
 androsaemifolium, L. Spreading Dogbane, 
 cannabinum, L. Indian Hemp. 
 
 ASCLEPIADACE.E. 
 
 ASCLEPIAS, L. Milkweed. 
 
 tuberosa, L. Butterfly-weed, 
 purpurascens, L. Purple Milkweed, 
 incarnata, L. Swamp Milkweed. 
 
 " " var. pulchra, Pers. 
 
 Cornuti, Decsne. Common Milkweed, 
 obtusifolia, Michx. 
 phytolaccoides, Pursh. Poke Milkweed. 
 
 Common. 
 Not rare. 
 
 Not rare. 
 
 Millbury. 
 
 Roadsides. 
 
 Swamps. 
 
 With the last. 
 
 Common. 
 
 Not common. 
 
 Moist copses. 
 
 quadrifolia, L. 
 
 Millbury, Worcester. 
 
36 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 ACERATES, Ell. Green Milkweed. 
 
 viridiflora, Ell. In the western part of the county. 
 
 GENTIANACE^E. 
 
 GENTIANA, Tourn. Gentian. 
 
 crinita, Frcel. Fringed Gentian. Common. 
 
 Andrewsii, Griseb. Closed Gentian. 
 MENYANTHES, Tourn. Buckbean. 
 
 trifoliata, L. Sutton, Paxton, etc. 
 
 LIMNANTHEMUM, Gmelin. Floating Heart. 
 
 lacunosum, Griseb. Lake Quinsigamond. Crystal 
 
 Lake, Gardner. F. L. Palmer. 
 
 POLEMONIACE^:. 
 
 POLEMONIUM, Tourn. Greek Valerian. 
 
 reptans, L. Rare. Miss G. Hakes. 
 
 BORRAGINACE^:. 
 
 CYNOGLOSSUM, Tourn. Hound's-Tongue. 
 
 *officinale, L. Common Hound's-Tongue. Waste 
 
 grounds. 
 
 Virginicum, L. Wild Comfrey. Millbury, Princeton. 
 
 ECHINOSPERMUM, Lehm. Stickseed. 
 
 Virginicum, Lehm. Beggar's Lice. Common. 
 
 MYOSOTIS, Dill. Forget-me-not. 
 
 laxa, Lehm. Spencer, Lunenburg. 
 
 LITHOSPERMUM, Tourn. Gromwell. 
 
 *arvense, L. Corn Gromwell. Occasional. 
 
 *officinale, L. Common Gromwell. Miss E.J. Seaver. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 37 
 
 SYMPHYTUM, Tourn. Comfrey. 
 
 *offtcinale, L. Common Comfrey. Escaped. 
 
 ECHIUM, Tourn. Viper's Bugloss. 
 
 *vulgare, L. Blue-weed. Southbridge. Z. E. Ammidown. 
 
 CONVOLVULACE^E. 
 
 CONVOLVULUS, Tourn. Bindweed. 
 
 spithamaeus, L. Not rare. 
 
 sepium, L. Hedge Bindweed. " " 
 
 *arvensis, L. Old fields. 
 
 CUSCUTA, Tourn. Dodder. 
 
 Gronovii, Willd. Wet places. Common. 
 
 SOLANACE.E. 
 
 SOLANUM, Tourn. Nightshade. 
 
 *Dulcamara, L. Bittersweet. Common. 
 
 nigrum, L. Common Nightshade. Southbridge. 
 
 PHYSALIS, L. Ground Cherry. 
 
 Virginiana, Mill. Roadsides. Not common. 
 
 NICANDRA, Adans. Apple of Peru. 
 
 *physaloides, Gsertn. Waste grounds. G. E. Stone. 
 
 DATURA, L. Thorn- Apple. 
 
 *Stramonium, L. Waste grounds. Not rare. 
 
 *Tatula, L. " " " " 
 
 SCROPHULARIACE^E. 
 
 VERBASCUM, L. Mullein. 
 
 *Thapsus, L. Common Mullein. Fields. Common. 
 *Blattaria. Moth Mullein. Roadsides. Not common. 
 
38 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 LINARIA, Tourn. Toad-Flax. 
 
 Canadensis, Dumont. Sandy soil. Common. 
 
 *vulgaris, Mill. Butter and Eggs. " 
 
 CHELONE, Tourn. Snake-head. 
 
 glabra, L. Wet places. Common. 
 
 PENSTEMON, Mitchell. Beard-tongue. 
 
 pubescens, Solander. Worcester. Miss E. F. Brown. 
 MIMULUS, L. Monkey-flower. 
 
 ringens, L. Wet places. Common. 
 
 GRATIOLA, L. Hedge-Hyssop. 
 
 Virginiana, L. Lake Quinsigamond. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 aurea, Muhl. Sandy swamps. Common. 
 
 ILYSANTHES, Raf. False Pimpernel. 
 
 riparia, Raf. Wet places. 
 
 VERONICA, L. Speedwell. 
 
 Anagallis, L. Water Speedwell. 
 
 scutellata, L. Marsh Speedwell. Bogs. Common. 
 
 officinalis, L. Common Speedwell. Dry hills. 
 
 *Cham3edrys, L. G. E. Stone. 
 
 serpyllifolia, L. Thyme-leaved Speedwell. Common. 
 
 *arvensis, L. Corn Speedwell. Rather rare. 
 
 *agrestis, L. Field Speedwell. Southbridge. 
 
 Z. E. Ammidown. 
 GERARDIA, L. False Foxglove. 
 
 pedicularia, L. Woods and thickets. 
 
 flava, L. Downy False Foxglove. Common in dry 
 
 woods. 
 
 quercifolia, Pursh. Smooth False Foxglove. With the 
 first. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 39 
 
 purpurea, L. Purple Gerardia. In low grounds. 
 
 tenuifolia, Vahl. Slender Gerardia. Southbridge. 
 
 CASTILLEIA, Mutis. Painted-Cup. 
 
 coccinea, Spreng. Scarlet Painted-Cup. Occasional. 
 SCHWALBEA, Gronov. Chaff-seed. 
 
 Americana, L. Southbridge. L. E. Ammidown. 
 
 PEDICULARIS, Tourn. Lousewort. 
 
 Canadensis, L. Common Lousewort. Common. 
 
 lanceolata, Michx. Rather rare. 
 
 MELAMPYRUM, Tourn. Cow- Wheat. 
 
 Americanum, Michx. Open woods. Common. 
 
 OROBANCHACE^E. 
 
 EPIPHEGUS, Nutt. Beech-drops. 
 
 Virginiana, Bart. Ashburnham. Prof. Vose. 
 
 CONOPHOLIS, Wallroth. Squaw-root. 
 
 Americana, Wallroth. Ashburnham. Prof. Vose. 
 
 APHYLLON, Mitchell. Naked Broom-rape. 
 
 uniflorum, Gray. One-flowered Cancer-root. Common. 
 
 LENTIBULARIACE^E. 
 
 UTRICULARIA, L. Bladderwort. 
 
 inflata, Walt. Ponds. Not rare. 
 
 vulgaris, L. Greater Bladderwort. Ponds, common, 
 
 minor, L. Smaller " Ponds. G. E. Stone. 
 
 gibba, L. Ponds. Miss E. J. Seaver. 
 
 intermedia, Hayne. Pools. G. E. Stone. 
 
 purpurea, Walt. Lake Quinsigamond. " " " 
 
 cornuta, Michx. Lunenburg. F. L. Palmer. 
 
40 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 PEDALIACE^;. 
 
 MARTYNIA, L. Unicorn-plant. 
 
 proboscidea, Glox. Worcester. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 VERBENACE^E. 
 
 VERBENA, Tourn. Vervain. 
 
 urticaefolia, L. White Vervain. Waste grounds. 
 
 hastata, L. Blue Vervain. " " 
 
 PHRYMA, L. . Lopseed. 
 
 Leptostachya, L. Open woods. Not abundant. 
 
 LABIATE. 
 
 TRICHOSTEMA, L. Blue Curls. 
 
 dichotomum, L. Bastard Pennyroyal. Sandy fields. 
 
 COLLINSONIA, L. Horse-Balm. 
 
 Canadensis, L. Stone-root. Rich woods. 
 
 MENTHA, Tourn. Mint. 
 
 *viridis, L. Spearmint. Not rare. 
 
 *piperita, L. Peppermint. Common. 
 
 *aquatica, L. Water Mint. Winchendon. A. S. Allen. 
 
 *arvensis, L. Corn Mint. Southbridge. L. E. Ammi- 
 down. 
 
 Canadensis, L. Wild Mint. 
 LYCOPUS, Tourn. Water Horehound. 
 
 Virginicus, L. Bugle-weed. In low grounds. 
 
 sessilifolius, Gray. Not common. 
 
 sinuatus, Ell. In low grounds. Quite common. 
 
 PYCNANTHEMUM, Michx. Mountain Mint. 
 
 lanceolatum, Pursh. Spencer. /. C. Lyford. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 41 
 
 linifolium, Pursh. G. E. Stone. 
 
 muticum, Pers. Mt. Wachusett. Mrs. G. B. Stearns. 
 THYMUS, Tourn. Thyme. 
 
 *Serpyllum, L. Creeping Thyme. Worcester. 
 
 CALAMINTHA, Tourn. Calamint. 
 
 Clinopodium, Benth. Basil. Millbury. 
 
 MELISSA, L. Balm. 
 
 *officinalis, L. Common Balm. Escaped. G. E. Stone. 
 HEDEOMA, Pers. Mock Pennyroyal. 
 
 pulegioides, Pers. American Pennyroyal. Not rare. 
 
 NEPETA, L. Cat-Mint. 
 
 *Cataria, L. Catnip. Near dwellings, common. 
 
 *Glechoma, Benth. Gill-over-the-ground. Quite 
 
 common. 
 SCUTELLARIA, L. Skullcap. 
 
 lateriflora, L. Mad-dog Skullcap. Wet places, common. 
 
 galericulata, L. Wet places. With the last. 
 
 BRUNELLA, Tourn. Self-heal. 
 
 vulgaris, L. Common Self-heal. Common. 
 
 LEONURUS, L. Motherwort. 
 
 *Cardiaca, L. Waste places, common. 
 
 LAMIUM, L. Dead-Nettie. 
 
 *amplexicaule, L. Waste grounds. Miss A. H. Tucker. 
 
 *purpureum, L. Not common. 
 
 *maculatum, L. Escaped. R. C. Manning. 
 
 GALEOPSIS, L. Hemp-Nettle. 
 
 *Tetrahit, L. Waste places. 
 
 STACHYS, Tourn. Hedge-Nettle. 
 
 palustris, L. Wet grounds. Tatnuck. Mr. Kinney. 
 
42 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 PLANTAGINACE^E. 
 
 PLANTAGO, Tourn. Plantain. 
 
 major, L. Common Plantain. Very common. 
 
 Rugelii, Decaisne. Princeton. W. W. B. & J. F. C. 
 *lanceolata, L. Ribgrass. Very common. 
 
 Patagonica, Jacq., var. aristata, Gray. Southbridge. 
 
 L. E. Ammidown. 
 
 DIVISION III. APETAL^:. 
 
 ILLECEBRACE^:. 
 ANYCHIA, Michx. Forked Chickweed. 
 
 dichotoma, Michx. Open grounds. 
 
 SCLERANTHUS, L. Knawel. 
 
 *annuus, L. Worcester. J. Coulson. 
 
 AMARANTACE^E. 
 
 AMARANTUS, Tourn. Amaranth. 
 
 *hypochondriacus, L. Fitchburg. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 *retroflexus, L. Cultivated grounds, common, 
 
 albus, L. Tumble Weed. Waste grounds. 
 
 CHENOPODIACE^:. 
 
 CHENOPODIUM, Tourn. Pigweed. 
 
 *album, L. Very common, 
 
 hybridum, L. Maple-leaved Goosefoot. Waste places. 
 *Botrys, L. Jerusalem Oak. Lunenburg. Mr. Kilburn. 
 
 PHYTOLACCACE^E. 
 
 PHYTOLACCA, Tourn. Pokeweed. 
 
 decandra, L. Common Poke. Copses. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 43 
 
 POLYGONACE^. 
 
 RUMEX, L. Dock. 
 
 *crispus, L. Curled Dock. Common. 
 
 *obtusifolius, L. Bitter Dock. Worcester. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 *conglomeratus, Murray. Smaller Green Dock. Moist 
 places. 
 
 *Acetosella, L. Field Sorrel. Common. 
 
 POLYGONUM, Tourn. Knotweed. 
 
 aviculare, L. Common in yards and waste places. 
 
 erectum, L. Waysides, common. 
 
 tenue, Michx. Worcester. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 Pennsylvania m, L. Royalston. " 
 
 amphibium, L. North Worcester. 
 
 Muhlenbergii, Watson. " " 
 
 *orientale, L. Prince's Feather. Escaped. 
 
 *Persicaria, L. Lady's Thumb. G. E. Stone. 
 
 Hydropiper, L. Common Smartweed. Common. 
 
 acre, HBK. Water Smartweed. Wet places. 
 
 Virginianum, L. Thickets. 
 
 arifolium, L. Halberd-leaved Tear-thumb. Low grounds. 
 
 sagittatum, L. Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb. " " 
 
 *Convolvulus, L. Black Bindweed. Worcester. 
 
 Prof. Eaton. 
 
 cilinode, Michx. Low grounds. Quite common. 
 
 dumetorum, L., var. scandens, Gray. Gardner. 
 
 Prof. Eaton. 
 FAGOPYRUM, Tourn. Buckwheat. 
 
 *esculentum, Mcench. Spontaneous. Occasional. 
 
 POLYGONELLA, Michx. Joint-weed. 
 
 articulata, Meisn. Mendon, Gardner. 
 
44 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 PODOSTEMACE^:. 
 
 PODOSTEMON, Michx. River-weed. 
 
 ceratophyllus, Michx. Shallow streams. 
 
 ARISTOLOCHIACE.E. 
 
 ASARUM, Tourn. Wild Ginger. 
 
 Canadense, L. Millbury. Not common. 
 
 LAURACE.E. 
 
 SASSAFRAS, Nees. 
 
 officinale, Nees. Rich woods. Common. 
 
 LINDERA, Thunb. Wild Allspice. 
 
 Benzoin, Blume. Spice-bush. Common. 
 
 THYMEL^EACE^E. 
 
 DIRCA, L. Leatherwood. 
 
 palustris, L. Damp woods, common. 
 
 DAPHNE, Linn. Mezereum. 
 
 *Mezereum, L. Southbridge. Z. E. Ammidown. 
 
 SANTALACE^:. 
 
 Comandra, Nutt. Bastard Toad-flax. 
 
 umbellata, Nutt. Dry grounds. Common. 
 
 EUPHORBIACE^E. 
 
 EUPHORBIA, L. Spurge. 
 
 maculata, L. Roadsides, common. 
 
 Preslii, Guss. Millbury. 
 
 corollata, L. Southbridge. L. E. Ammidown. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 45 
 
 *Esula, L. Rare. Miss K. /. Fish. 
 
 *Cyparissias, L. Escaped. Common. 
 
 ACALYPHA, L. Three-seeded Mercury. 
 
 Virginica, L. Fields and open places. 
 
 URTICACE^E. 
 
 ULMUS, L. Elm. 
 
 fulva, Michx. Slippery Elm. Rare. 
 
 Americana, L. American Elm. Common. 
 
 CELTIS, Tourn. Nettle-tree. 
 
 occidentalis, L. Hackberry. Rare. 
 
 CANNABIS, Tourn. Hemp. 
 
 *sativa, L. East Worcester. 
 
 HUMULUS, L. Hop. 
 
 Lupulus, L. Common Hop. Low grounds. 
 
 MORUS, Tourn. Mulberry. 
 
 *alba, L. White Mulberry. Spontaneous. 
 
 URTICA, Tourn. Nettle. 
 
 gracilis, Ait. Waste places, common. 
 
 *dioica, L. Waste places. Rather rare. 
 
 LAPORTEA, Gaudichaud. Wood-Nettle. 
 
 Canadensis, Gaudichaud. Rich soil. Rather rare. 
 
 PILEA, Lindl. Richweed. 
 
 pumila, Gray. Moist places, common. 
 
 BCEHMERIA, Jacq. False Nettle. 
 
 cylindrica, Willd. Rich soil. Quite common. 
 
 PLATANACE^E. 
 
 PLATANUS, L. Buttonwood. 
 
 occidentalis, L. Common. 
 
46 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 JUGLANDACE^:. 
 
 JUGLANS, L. Walnut. 
 
 cinerea, L. Butternut. Quite common. 
 CARYA, Nutt. Hickory. 
 
 alba, Nutt. Shag-bark Hickory. Common. 
 
 porcina, Nutt. Pig-nut Hickory. " 
 
 amara, Nutt. Bitter-nut Hickory. Not " 
 
 MYRICACE^E. 
 
 MYRICA, L. Bayberry. 
 
 Gale, L. Sweet Gale. Wet borders of ponds, 
 
 cerifera, L. Bayberry. Dry sandy soil, 
 
 asplenifolia, Endl. Sweet Fern. Pastures, common. 
 
 CUPULIFER^E. 
 
 BETULA, Tourn. Birch. 
 
 lenta, L. Black Birch. Common. 
 
 lutea, Michx. f. Yellow Birch. " 
 
 populifolia, Ait. Gray " 
 
 papyrifera, Marshall. Paper Birch. Rare in southern 
 part of the county. 
 
 nigra, L. Red Birch. Fitchburg. E. A. Hartwell. 
 
 ALNUS, Tourn. Alder. 
 
 incana, Willd. Speckled Alder. Common. 
 
 serrulata, Willd. Smooth " " 
 
 CORYLUS, Tourn. Hazel-nut. 
 
 Americana, Walt. Wild Hazel-nut. Common. 
 
 rostrata, Ait. Beaked Hazel-nut. 
 OSTRYA, Micheli. Hop-Hornbeam. 
 
 Virginica, Willd. Not rare. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 47 
 
 CARPINUS, L. Hornbeam. 
 
 Caroliniana, Walter. Common. 
 
 QUERCUS, L. Oak. 
 
 alba, L. White Oak. Common. 
 
 macrocarpa, Michx. Bur Oak. Worcester. 
 
 bicolor, Willd. Swamp White Oak. Not rare. 
 
 Prinus, L. Chestnut-Oak. Common. 
 
 " " var. monticola, Michx. " 
 
 prinoides, Willd. Not rare. 
 
 rubra, L. Red Oak. Common. 
 
 coccinea, Wang. Scarlet Oak. " 
 
 " " var. tinctoria, Gray. Black Oak. " 
 
 ilicifolia, Wang. Scrub-Oak. " 
 
 CASTANEA, Tourn. Chestnut. 
 
 sativa, Mill., var. Americana, Michx. Common. 
 
 FAGUS, Tourn. Beech. 
 
 ferruginea, Ait. Common. 
 
 SALICACE^E. 
 SALIX, Tourn. Willow. 
 
 nigra, Marsh. Black Willow. Not rare. 
 
 lucida, Muhl. Shining Willow. Common. 
 
 *fragilis, L. Crack Willow. Worcester. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 *alba, L. White Willow. Not common. 
 
 * " . " var. vitellina, Koch. Southbridge. 
 
 L. E. Ammidown. 
 
 rostrata, Richardson. Princeton. W. W. B. &J. F. C. 
 
 discolor, Muhl. Glaucous Willow. Common. 
 
 humilis, Marsh. Prairie Willow. Not " 
 
 tristis, Ait. Dwarf Gray Willow. Uxbridge. 
 
 Thos. Morong. 
 
48 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 sericea, Marsh. Silky Willow. Common, 
 
 cordata, Muhl. Heart-leaved Willow. Worcester. 
 
 Prof. Eaton. 
 
 myrtilloides, L. Leicester. 
 
 POPULUS, Tourn. Poplar. 
 
 tremuloides, Michx. American Aspen. Common. 
 
 grandidentata,,Michx. Large-toothed Aspen. " 
 balsamifera, L., var. candicans, Gray. Balm of Gilead. 
 
 Spontaneous, 
 monilifera, Ait. Cotton-wood. Rare. 
 
 CERATOPHYLLACE.E. 
 
 CERATOPHYLLUM, L. Hornwort. 
 
 demersum, L. Slow streams. G. E. Stone. 
 
 " " var. echinatum, Gray. " " " 
 
 SUBCLASS II. GYMNOSPER1VLE. 
 CONIFERS. 
 
 PINUS, Tourn. Pine. 
 
 Strobus, L. White Pine. Common. 
 
 rigida, Mill. Pitch " . " 
 
 resinosa, Ait. Red " Templeton. V. P. Parkhurst. 
 PICEA, Link. Spruce. 
 
 nigra, Link. Black Spruce. Not rare. 
 
 TSUGA, Carriere. Hemlock. 
 
 Canadensis, Carr. Quite common. 
 
 ABIES, Link. Fir. 
 
 balsamea, Miller. Balsam Fir. Northern part of the 
 
 county. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 49 
 
 LARIX, Tourn. Larch. 
 
 Americana, Michx. Hackmatack. Not rare. 
 
 CHAIVLECYPARIS, Spach. White Cedar. 
 
 sphaeroidea, Spach. Swamps, common. 
 
 JUNIPERUS, L. Juniper. 
 
 communis, L. Common Juniper. Not rare. 
 
 Sabina, L., var. procumbens, Pursh. " " 
 
 Virginiana, L. Red Cedar. " " 
 
 TAXUS, Tourn. Yew. 
 
 Canadensis, Willd. Worcester. G. Coult. 
 
 CLASS II. MONOCOTYLEDONE^:. 
 
 HYDROCHARIDACE^E. 
 
 ELODEA, Michx. Water-weed. 
 
 Canadensis, Michx. Ponds, common. 
 
 VALLISNERIA, L. Eel-grass. 
 
 spiralis, L. Ponds, common. 
 
 ORCHIDACE^:. 
 
 MICROSTYLIS, Nutt. Adder's Mouth. 
 
 monophyllos, Lindl. Spencer. H. H. Kingsbury. 
 
 ophioglossoides, Nutt. Auburn. 
 
 LIPARIS, Richard. Twayblade. 
 
 liliifolia, Richard. . Millbury. Rare. 
 
 Lceselii, Richard. Spencer. Miss A. E. Tucker. 
 
 CORALLORHIZA, Haller. Coral-root. 
 
 innata, R. Br. Swamps. Millbury. 
 
50 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 odontorhiza, Nutt. Southbridge. L. E. Ammidown. 
 
 multiflora, Nutt. Dry woods. Not rare. 
 
 SPIRANTHES, Richard. Ladies' Tresses. 
 
 latifolia, Torr. Southbridge. Z. E. Ammidown. 
 
 cernua, Richard. Wet places, common. 
 
 praecox, Watson. Wet grassy places. Rare. 
 
 gracilis, Bigelow. Pastures. Quite common. 
 
 simplex, Gray. Winchendon. A. S. Allen. 
 
 GOODYERA, R. Br. Rattlesnake-Plantain. 
 
 repens, R. Br. Woods, mostly under evergreens. 
 
 pubescens, R. Br. " " " u 
 
 ARETHUSA, Gronov. Arethusa. 
 
 bulbosa, L. Bogs. Not rare. 
 
 CALOPOGON, R. Br. Grass Pink. 
 
 pulchellus, R. Br. Bogs. Not rare. 
 
 POGONIA, Juss. Pogonia. 
 
 ophioglossoides, Nutt. Common in southern part of 
 
 the county. 
 
 verticillata, Nutt. Woods. Rather rare. 
 
 ORCHIS, L. Orchis. 
 
 spectabilis, L. Rich woods. Rare. 
 
 HABENARIA, Willd. Rein-Orchis. 
 
 tridentata, Hook. Worcester. G. Coult. 
 
 virescens, Spreng. Wet meadows. Millbury. 
 
 bracteata, R. Br. Mt. Wachusett. 
 
 obtusata, Richardson. Mt. Wachusett. M. Pratt. 
 
 Hookeri, Torr. Damp woods. Not rare. 
 
 orbiculata, Torr. Rich " " " 
 
 ciliaris, R. Br. Northborough, Dr. Bigelow; Uxbridge, 
 Miss Goldthwaite. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 51 
 
 blephariglottis, Torr. Westminster. Miss E. J. Seaver. 
 leucophaea, Gray. Bolton. Miss C. Knapp. 
 
 Only one specimen was found, July, 1894. 
 lacera, R. Br. Ragged Fringed-Orchis. Quite common, 
 psycodes, Gray. Purple Fringed-Orchis. " " 
 
 fimbriata, R. Br. " " " " " 
 
 CYPRIPEDIUM, L. Lady's Slipper. 
 
 parviflorum, Salisb. Smaller Yellow Lady's Slipper. Rare, 
 pubescens, Willd. Larger " " " u 
 
 spectabile, Swartz. Showy Lady's Slipper. Ashburnham. 
 
 Prof. Vose. 
 acaule, Ait. Stemless Lady's Slipper. Common. 
 
 H^EMODORACE^E. 
 
 ALETRIS, L. Colic-root. 
 
 farinosa, L. Grassy places. Not common. 
 
 IRIDACE^E. 
 
 IRIS, Tourn. Flower-de-Luce. 
 
 versicolor, L. Larger Blue Flag. Common. 
 
 SISYRINCHIUM, L. Blue-eyed Grass. 
 
 angustifolium, Mill. Moist meadows, common. 
 
 anceps, Cav. Spencer. H. H. Kingsbury. 
 
 AMARYLLIDACE^:. 
 
 HYPOXIS, L. Star-grass. 
 
 erecta, L. Meadows, common. 
 
 LILIACE^. 
 
 SMILAX, Tourn. Greenbrier. 
 
 herbacea, L. Carrion-Flower. Quite common. 
 
52 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 rotundifolia, L. Common Greenbrier. Common. 
 
 ALLIUM, L. Onion. 
 
 tricoccum, Ait. Wild Leek. Tatnuck. 
 
 Canadense, Kalm. Wild Garlic. Not rare. 
 
 ORNITHOGALUM, Tourn. Star-of-Bethlehem. 
 
 *umbellatum, L. Escaped. 
 
 HEMEROCALLIS, L. Day-Lily. 
 
 *fulva, L. Princeton. W. W. B. & J. F. C. 
 
 POLYGONATUM, Tourn. Solomon's Seal. 
 
 biflorum, Ell. Woods, common. 
 
 ASPARAGUS, Tourn. Asparagus. 
 
 *officinalis, L. Escaped. 
 
 SMILACINA, Desf. False Solomon's Seal. 
 
 racemosa, Desf. False Spikenard. Quite common. 
 
 trifolia, Desf. Bogs. Rare in southern part of the county. 
 MAIANTHEMUM, Wigg. False Solomon's Seal. 
 
 Canadense, Desf. Moist woods, common. 
 
 STREPTOPUS, Michx. Twisted-Stalk. 
 
 amplexifolius, DC. Mt. Wachusett. M. Pratt. 
 
 roseus, Michx. Woods, common. 
 
 CLINTONIA, Raf. Clintonia. 
 
 borealis, Raf. Cold moist woods, common. 
 
 UVULARIA, L. Bellwort. 
 
 perfoliata, L. Rich woods, common. 
 
 OAKESIA, Watson. Wild Oats. 
 
 sessilifolia, Watson. Low woods, common. 
 
 ERYTHRONIUM, L. Dog's-tooth Violet. 
 
 Americanum, Ker. Rich moist grounds, common. 
 
 LILIUM, L. Lily. 
 
 Philadelphicum, L. Wood Lily. Not rare. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 53 
 
 superbum, L. Turk's-cap Lily. Southbridge. 
 
 L. E. Ammidown. 
 
 Canadense, L. Wild Yellow Lily. Moist meadows. 
 
 Common. 
 
 *tigrinum, Ker. Tiger Lily. Escaped. 
 
 MEDEOLA, Gronov. Indian Cucumber-root. 
 
 Virginiana, L. Rich woods, common. 
 
 TRILLIUM, L. Wake Robin. 
 
 erectum, L. Purple Trillium. Rich woods, common. 
 
 grandiflorum, Salisb. Barre. Miss Sara Lane. Rare. 
 
 cernuum, L. Wake Robin. Moist woods, common. 
 
 erythrocarpum, Michx. Painted Trillium. Common. 
 VERATRUM, Tourn. False Hellebore. 
 
 viride, Ait. Indian Poke. Common. 
 
 PONTEDERIACE^E. 
 
 PONTEDERIA, L. Pickerel-weed. 
 
 cordata, L. Shallow water, common. 
 
 XYRIDACE^E. 
 
 XYRIS, Gronov. Yellow-eyed Grass. 
 
 flexuosa, Muhl. Bogs, not rare. 
 
 " var. pusilla, Gray. " " 
 
 JUNCACE^E. 
 
 JUNCUS, Tourn. Rush. 
 
 effusus, L. Common Rush. Very common, 
 
 marginatus, Rostk. Moist sandy places. 
 
 " " var. *paucicapitatus, Engelm. 
 
 Princeton. W. W. B. & J. F. C. 
 
54 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 tenuis, Willd. Common, 
 
 pelocarpus, E. Meyer. Westminster. Miss M. B. White. 
 militaris, Bigel. Bogs and streams. Uxbridge. 
 
 acuminatus, Michx. Common. 
 
 Canadensis, J. Gay. Common. 
 
 " " " var. coarctatus, Engelm. 
 
 Princeton. W. W. B. & J. F. C. 
 LUZULA, DC. Wood-Rush. 
 
 vernalis, DC. Mt. Wachusett. 
 
 spadicea, DC., var. melanocarpa, Meyer. " " 
 
 campestris, DC. Woods, common. 
 
 TYPHACE^E. 
 
 TYPHA, Tourn. Cat-tail Flag. 
 
 latifolia, L. Common Cat-tail. Marshes, common. 
 
 SPARGANIUM, Tourn. Bur-reed. 
 
 eurycarpum, Engelm. Borders of ponds, common, 
 
 simplex, Huds. Southbridge. L. E. Ammidown. 
 
 " " var. androcladurn, Engelm. G. E. Stone. 
 
 " " " angustifolium, " " " " 
 
 ARACE^E. 
 
 ARIS^EMA, Martius. Indian Turnip. 
 
 triphyllum, Torr. Jack-in-the-Pulpit. Common. 
 
 PELTANDRA, Raf. Arrow Arum. 
 
 undulata, Raf. Shallow water. Sutton. 
 
 CALLA, L. Water Arum. 
 
 palustris, L. Cold bogs, common. 
 
 SYMPLOCARPUS, Salisb. Skunk Cabbage. 
 
 foetidus, Salisb. Moist grounds, common. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 55 
 
 ACORUS, L. Sweet Flag. 
 
 Calamus, L. Moist grounds, not rare. 
 
 LEMNACE^E. 
 
 LEMNA, L. Duckweed. 
 
 minor, L. Stagnant waters, common. 
 
 ALISMACE^:. 
 
 ALISMA, L. Water- PI an tain. 
 
 Plantago, L. Shallow water, common. 
 
 SAGITTARIA, L. Arrow-head. 
 
 variabilis, Engelm. In water or wet places. Common, 
 var. *obtusa. G. E. Stone. 
 
 11 " " *angustifolia. " " " 
 
 " " " *diversifolia. Princeton. 
 
 W. W. B. &J. F. C. 
 
 " " " gracilis, Engelm. G. E. Stone. 
 
 graminea, Michx. " " " 
 
 NAIADACE^E. 
 
 POTAMOGETON, Tourn. Pondweed. (By the late Rev. Thos. 
 
 Morong.) 
 natans, L. Very common. 
 
 " " var. *prolixus, Koch. 
 
 Oakesianus, Robbins. Uxbridge. 
 
 Pennsylvanicus, Cham. Common in streams and ponds. 
 Vaseyi, Robbins. Lake Quinsigamond. 
 
 Spirillus, Tuckerm. Common, 
 
 hybridus, Michx. " 
 
 fluitans, Roth. Worcester. Miss E. W. Sargent. 
 
56 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 amplifolius, Tuckerm. Lake Quinsigamond. 
 
 heterophyllus, Schreb. " " 
 
 " " var. myriophyllus, Robbins. 
 
 Lake Quinsigamond. 
 
 obtusifolius, Mertens & Koch. Beaver Brook, Worcester, 
 pauciflorus, *Pursh. Lake Quinsigamond. 
 
 pusillus, L. Common. 
 
 " " var. tenuissimus, Koch. " 
 
 gemmiparus, Robbins. " 
 
 Tuckermani, Robbins. Shockalog Pond, Uxbridge. 
 
 Robbinsii, Oakes. Lake Quinsigamond. 
 
 NAIAS, L. Naiad. 
 
 flexilis, Rostk & Schmidt. Lake Quinsigamond. 
 
 T. Morong. 
 
 Indica, Cham., var. gracillima, A. Br. Lake Quinsigamond. 
 
 T. Morong. 
 
 ERIOCAULE^E. 
 
 ERIOCAULON, L. Pipewort. 
 
 septangulare, With. Borders of ponds, not rare. 
 
 CYPERACE^;. 
 
 CYPERUS, Tourn. Galingale. 
 
 diandrus, Torr. Low grounds. 
 
 filiculmis, Vahl. Dry soil. 
 
 dentatus, Torr. Margins of ponds, not rare. 
 
 strigosus, L. Swamps. 
 DULICHIUM, Pers. Dulichium. 
 
 spathaceum, Pers. Swamps. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 57 
 
 ELEOCHARIS, R. Br. Spike-Rush. 
 
 ovata, R. Br. Swamps. 
 
 palustris, R. Br. Ponds. 
 
 intermedia, Schultes. 
 
 tenuis, Schultes. Margins of ponds. 
 
 acicularis, R. Br. Worcester. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 pygmaea, Torr. G. E. Stone. 
 
 FIMBRISTYLIS, Vahl. Fimbristylis. 
 
 autumnalis, Roem. & Schultes. Low grounds. 
 
 capillaris, Gray. Dry soil. 
 
 SCIRPUS, Tourn. Bulrush. 
 
 subterminalis, Torr. Slow streams. 
 
 lacustris, L. Great Bulrush. Ponds and streams. 
 
 sylvaticus, L. Brooks. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 atrovirens, Muhl. Wet places, common. 
 
 polyphyllus, Vahl. Worcester. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 ERIOPHORUM, L. Cotton-Grass. 
 
 cyperinum, L. Swamps, common. 
 
 alpinum, L. Eastern part of the county. 
 
 vaginatum, L. Worcester. G. Coult. 
 
 Virginicum, L. Low meadows, common. 
 
 polystachyon, L. " " " 
 
 " " var. *latifolium, Gray. Bogs, not rare. 
 
 gracile, Koch. " " " 
 
 RHYNCHOSPORA, Vahl. Beak-Rush. 
 
 glomerata, Vahl. Low grounds, not rare. 
 
 CAREX, Ruppius. Sedge. 
 
 folliculata, L. Quite common. 
 
 intumescens, Rudge. Meadows. 
 
58 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 lupulina, Muhl. Swamps, 
 
 monile, Tuckerm. Meadows, 
 
 bullata, Schkuhr. 
 lurida, Wahl. 
 
 Pseudo-Cyperus, L. Fitchburg. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 " " " var. Americana, Hochst. Millbury. 
 
 vestita, Willd. Meadows. 
 
 filiform is, L. Worcester. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 " " var. latifolia, Boeckl. " " " 
 
 trichocarpa, Muhl. 
 
 riparia, W. Curtis. Swamps, 
 
 fusca, All. Bogs. Southbridge." 
 
 stricta, Lam. " 
 
 prasina, Wahl. Meadows and bogs. Not common, 
 
 crinita, Lam. Bogs, common, 
 
 virescens, Muhl. Copses. 
 
 " " var. *costata, Dewey. Princeton. 
 
 W. W. B. &J. F. C. 
 
 triceps, Michx., var. hirsuta, Bailey. Woods, 
 
 longirostris, Torr. Princeton. W. W. B. & J. F. C. 
 arctata, Boott. Woods and copses, 
 
 debilis, Michx., var. Rudgei, Bailey. Swamps, 
 
 gracillima, Schwein. Woodlands, common, 
 
 grisea, Wahl. Moist grounds, 
 
 flava, L. Worcester. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 pallescens, L. Glades and meadows, common, 
 
 conoidea, Schkuhr. Grassy places, 
 
 laxiflora, Lam. Grassy places, common. 
 
 " " var. *latifolia, Boott. Princeton. 
 
 W. W. B. &J. F. C. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 59 
 
 digitalis, Willd. Dry woods. G. E. Stone. 
 
 platyphylla, Carey. Southbridge. L. E. Ammidown. 
 plantaginea, Lam. " " " " 
 
 tetanica, Schkuhr. Wet meadows, 
 
 varia, Muhl. Dry woods. 
 
 Pennsylvania, Lam. Dry fields, common, 
 
 umbellata, Schkuhr. Grassy knolls. Not common, 
 
 pubescens, Muhl. Copses. G. E. Stone. 
 
 Willdenovii, Schkuhr. Worcester. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 polytrichoides, Muhl. Swamps, 
 
 stipata, Muhl. Roadsides. Not rare, 
 
 teretiuscula, Gooden. Worcester. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 vulpinoidea, Michx. Meadows, 
 
 rosea, Schkuhr. Rich woods. 
 
 " " var. *radiata, Dewey. Princeton. 
 
 W. W.B. &J.F. C. 
 
 sparganioides, Muhl. Meadows. 
 
 *muricata, L. Princeton. W. W. B. & J. F. C. 
 
 Muhlenbergii, Schkuhr. Open sterile soil, 
 
 cephaloidea, Dewey. Wet meadows, 
 
 cephalophora, Muhl. Dry soil, 
 
 echinata, Murray, var. cephalantha, Bailey. Rare, 
 
 var. *microstachys, Bceckl. 
 
 Princeton. W. W. B. & J. F. C. 
 canescens, L. Swamps. 
 
 " " var. vulgaris, Bailey. Common, 
 
 trisperma, Dewey. Swamps. 
 
 Deweyana, Schwein. Worcester. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 bromoides, Schkuhr. Swampy woods. 
 
60 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 tribuloides, Wahl., var. cristata, Bailey. Worcester. 
 
 Prof. Eaton. 
 
 scoparia, Schkuhr. Meadows, 
 
 straminea, Willd. Dry fields. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 " " var. mirabilis, Tuckerm. 
 
 Princeton. W. W. B. & J. F. C. 
 
 GRAMINE^E. 
 
 PASPALUM, L. Paspalum. 
 
 setaceum, Michx. Pastures. 
 
 laeve, Michx. G. E. Stone. 
 PANICUM, L. Panic-Grass. 
 
 *glabrum, Gaudin. Pastures. 
 
 *sanguinale, L. Common Crab-Grass. Common. 
 
 capillare, L. Old-witch Grass. " 
 
 agrostoides, Muhl. Sandy margins of ponds. 
 
 xanthophysum, Gray. Princeton. 
 
 latifolium, L. Moist thickets. 
 
 depauperatum, Muhl. Dry hills. 
 
 dichotomum, L. Common. 
 
 *Crus-galli, L. Barnyard -Grass. " 
 
 *miliaceum, L. East Worcester. 
 SETARIA, Beauv. Bristly Foxtail Grass. 
 
 *glauca, Beauv. Foxtail. Not rare. 
 
 *viridis, Beauv. Green Foxtail. " " 
 
 *Italica, Kunth. Hungarian Grass. Rarely spontaneous. 
 CENCHRUS, L. Bur-Grass. 
 
 tribuloides, L. Sandy soil. 
 LEERSIA, Swartz. White Grass. 
 
 oryzoides, Swartz. Rice Cut-grass. Swamps. 
 
FLORA* OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 6 1 
 
 ANDROPOGON, Royen. Beard-Grass. 
 
 furcatus, Muhl. Dry soil. Not rare. 
 
 scoparius, Michx. Poor soil. Common. 
 
 Virginicus, L. Princeton. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 CHRYSOPOGON, Trin. Broom-Corn. 
 
 nutans, Benth. Wood- Grass. Quite common. 
 
 PHALARIS, L. Canary-Grass. 
 
 *Canariensis, L. Canary-Grass. Waste places. 
 
 arundinacea, L. Reed Canary-Grass. Wet grounds. 
 
 ANTHOXANTHUM, L. Sweet Vernal-Grass. 
 
 *odoratum, L. Meadows, common. 
 
 STIPA, L. Feather-Grass. 
 
 Richardsonii, Link. Mt. Wachusett. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 ORYZOPSIS, Michx. Mountain Rice. 
 
 melanocarpa, Muhl. Princeton. W. W. B. &J. F. C. 
 
 asperifolia, Michx. Mt. Wachusett. 
 
 Canadensis, Torr. West Boylston. Prof. Eaton. 
 
 MUHLENBERGIA, Schreber. Drop-seed Grass. 
 
 glomerata, Trin. Southbridge. L. E. Ammidown. 
 
 Mexicana, Trin. Princeton. W. W. B. & J. F. C. 
 
 sylvatica, Torr. & Gray. Copses, common. 
 
 W T illdenovii, Trin. " not rare. 
 
 diffusa, Schreber. Drop-seed. Dry hills. 
 
 BRACHYELYTRUM, Beauv. 
 
 aristatum, Beauv. Copses. 
 
 PHLEUM, L. Cat's-tail Grass. 
 
 *pratense, L. Timothy. Common. 
 
 ALOPECURUS, L. Foxtail Grass. 
 
 *pratensis, L. Meadow Foxtail. Common. 
 
62 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 geniculatus, L., var. aristulatus, Torr. In very wet places. 
 SPOROBOLUS, R. Br. Drop-seed Grass. 
 
 vaginseflorus, Vasey. Dry fields. 
 
 AGROSTIS, L. Bent-Grass. 
 
 *alba, L. White Bent-Grass. Common. 
 
 * " " var. vulgaris, Thurber. Red Top. 
 
 perennans, Tuckerm. Thin-Grass. Damp places. 
 
 scabra, Willd. Hair-Grass. Dry places. 
 
 CINNA, L. Wood Reed-Grass. 
 
 arundinacea, L. Woods, not rare. 
 
 pendula, Trin. Princeton. W. W. B. & J. F. C. 
 
 CALAMAGROSTIS, Adans. Reed Bent-Grass. 
 
 Canadensis, Beauv. Blue-Joint Grass. Meadows. 
 
 Nuttalliana, Steud. Moist grounds. 
 
 ARRHENATHERUM, Beauv. Oat-Grass. 
 
 *avenaceum, Beauv. Meadows. 
 
 HOLCUS, L. Meadow Soft-Grass. 
 
 *lanatus, L. Velvet-Grass. Moist meadows. 
 
 DESCHAMPSIA, Beauv. Hair-Grass. 
 
 flexuosa, Trin. Common Hair-Grass. Mt. Wachusett. 
 AVENA, Tourn. Oat. 
 
 *sativa, L. Occasionally spontaneous. 
 
 striata, Michx. G. E. Stone. 
 
 DANTHONIA, DC. Wild Oat-Grass. 
 
 spicata, Beauv. Pastures. 
 
 PHRAGMITES, Trin. Reed. 
 
 communis, Trin. Westborough. A. N. Randlett. 
 
 ERAGROSTIS, Beauv. 
 
 *major, Host. Waste places. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 Purshii, Schrader. G. E. Stone. 
 
 pectinacea, Gray. Pastures. 
 
 DACTYLIS, L. Orchard Grass. 
 
 *glomerata, L. Common. 
 
 BRIZA, L. Quaking Grass. 
 
 *media, L. Pastures. 
 
 POA, L. Meadovv-Grass. 
 
 *annua, L. Low Spear-Grass. Common. 
 
 serotina, Ehrh. False Red-top. " 
 
 pratensis, L. June Grass. 
 GLYCERIA, R. Br. Manna-Grass. 
 
 Canadensis, Trin. Rattlesnake-Grass. Wet places. 
 
 obtusa, Trin. " " 
 
 nervata, Trin. Fowl Meadow-Grass. Moist meadows. 
 
 fluitans, R. Br. Shallow water. 
 
 acutiflora, Torr. Wet places. 
 
 FESTUCA, L. Fescue-Grass. 
 
 ovina, L. Sheep's Fescue. G. E. Stone. 
 
 nutans, Willd. Princeton. W. W. B. &> J. F. C. 
 
 *elatior, L. Meadow Fescue. Rich grassland. 
 
 " " var. pratensis, Gray. Princeton. 
 
 W. W. B. &J. F. C. 
 BROMUS, L. Brome-Grass. 
 
 *secalinus, L. Cheat. 
 
 *racemosus, L. Upright Chess. 
 
 ciliatus, L. 
 
 *asper, L. Princeton. 
 
 *tectorum, L. 
 LOLIUM, L. Darnel. 
 
 perenne, L. Common Darnel. Fields, etc. 
 
 Waste grounds. 
 
 (( 1C 
 
 River banks, etc. 
 
 W. W. B. &J. F. C. 
 
 Waste grounds. 
 
64 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 AGROPYRUM, Gaertn. Wheat- Grass. 
 
 repens, Beauv. Quitch-Grass. Common. 
 
 ELYMUS, L. Wild Rye. 
 
 Virginicus, L. Wet places. 
 
 Canadensis, L. " " 
 
 ASPRELLA, Willd. Bottle-brush Grass. 
 
 Hystrix, Willd. Moist woodlands. 
 
 SERIES II. CRYPTOGAMIA. 
 
 CLASS III. ACROGEN^E. 
 SUBCLASS I. PTERIDOPHYTA. 
 
 EQUISETACE^E. 
 
 EQUISETUM, L. Horsetail. 
 
 arvense, L. Common Horsetail. Gravelly soil, 
 
 sylvaticum, L. Moist shaded places, 
 
 limosum, L. In shallow water, 
 
 hyemale, L. G. E. Stone. 
 
 scirpoides, Michx. Southbridge. Z. E. Ammidown. 
 
 FILICES. v 
 
 POLYPODIUM, L. Polypody. 
 
 vulgare, L. Rocks, common. 
 
 ADIANTUM, L. Maidenhair. 
 
 pedatum, L. Rich moist woods. 
 
 PTERIS, L. Brake. 
 
 aquilina, L. Common Brake. Thickets, common. 
 
 ASPLENIUM, L. Spleenwort. 
 
 Trichomanes, L. Rare. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 65 
 
 ebeneum, Ait. Common. 
 
 thelypteroides, Michx. 
 
 Filix-fcemina, Bernh. " 
 
 PHEGOPTERIS, Fe"e. Beech Fern. 
 
 polypodioides, Fee. Damp woods. 
 
 hexagonoptera, Fe"e. 
 
 Dryopteris, Fe"e. 
 ASPIDIUM, Swartz. Shield Fern. 
 
 Thelypteris, Swartz. Woodlands, common. 
 
 Noveboracense, Swartz. " " 
 
 spinulosum, Swartz, var. intermedium, D. C. Eaton. 
 
 Common. 
 
 cristatum, Swartz. Quite " 
 
 " " var. Clintonianum. Worcester. 
 
 Goldianum, Hook. Spencer. Miss A. E. Tucker. 
 
 marginale, Swartz. Rich woods, common. 
 
 acrostichoides, Swartz. Christmas Fern. " 
 
 CYSTOPTERIS, Bernh. Bladder Fern. 
 
 fragilis, Bernh. Worcester. 
 
 ONOCLEA, L. Onoclea. 
 
 sensibilis, L. Sensitive Fern. Very common. 
 
 " " var. *obtusilobata. Princeton. 
 
 W. W. B. 6-/. F. C. 
 
 Struthiopteris, Hoffm. Ostrich Fern. Worcester. 
 
 WOODSIA, R. Br. Woodsia. 
 
 Ilvensis, R. Br. Spencer. Miss A. E. Tucker. 
 
 obtusa, Torr. Miss Wheelock. 
 
 DICKSONIA, L'Her. Dicksonia. 
 
 pilosiuscula, Willd. Moist shady places, common. 
 
66 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 LYGODIUM, Swartz. Climbing Fern. 
 
 palmatum, Swartz. Uxbridge, Oxford. Rare. 
 
 OSMUNDA, L. Flowering Fern. 
 
 regalis, L. Swamps, common. 
 
 Claytoniana, L. Low grounds, " 
 
 cinnamomea, L. Cinnamon Fern. " 
 
 OPHIOGLOSSACE^:. 
 
 BOTRYCHIUM, Swartz. Moonwort. 
 
 lanceolatum, Angstroem. Princeton. IV. W. B. &J. F. C. 
 
 matricarisefolium, Braim. " " " " 
 
 ternatum, Swartz. Pastures. 
 
 " " var. lunarioides. " 
 
 ." " u intermedium. " 
 
 " dissecturn. 
 
 Virginianum, Swartz. Rich woods. 
 OPHIOGLOSSUM, L. Adder's Tongue. 
 
 vulgatum, L. Worcester. Spencer, Miss A. E. Tucker. 
 
 LYCOPODIACE^:. 
 
 LYCOPODIUM, L. Club-Moss. 
 
 Selago, L. Mt. Watatic. 
 
 lucidulum, Michx. Staghorn Moss. Common, 
 
 inundatum, L. Sandy shores, 
 
 annotinum, L. Leicester. G. Coult. 
 
 obscurum, L. Moist woods, common, 
 
 clavatum, L. Common Club-Moss, 
 complanatum, L. Ground Pine. " 
 
 " " var. *Cham8ecyparissus. Leicester. 
 
 G. Coult. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 67 
 
 SELAGINELLACE^E. 
 
 SELAGINELLA, Beauv. Dwarf Club-Moss. 
 
 rupestris, Spring. Worcester. G. T. Rignel. 
 
 apus, Spring. Southbridge. Z. E. Ammidown. 
 
 ISOETES, L. Quillwort. 
 
 lacustris, L. G. E. Stone. 
 
 echinospora, Durieu, var. Braunii, Engelm. " " " 
 
 riparia, Engelm. " " " 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 THE names of the following species were either accidentally 
 omitted or received too late to be inserted in the. proper 
 places indicated below : 
 
 PAGE 12. 
 HYPERICUM, Tourn. 
 
 Canadense, L., var. *majus, Gray. Princeton. 
 
 W. W. B. &J. F. C. 
 ABUTILON, Tourn. Indian Mallow. 
 
 *Avicennse, Gaertn. Velvet-Leaf. Escaped. 
 
 Southbridge. Z. E. Ammidown. 
 HIBISCUS, L. Rose Mallow. 
 
 *Trionum, L. Bladder Ketmia. Southbridge. 
 
 Z. E. Ammidown. 
 PAGE 14. 
 VITIS, Tourn. 
 
 sestivalis, Michx. Summer Grape. Common. 
 
68 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 9 
 
 PAGE 17. 
 LATHYRUS, Tourn. 
 
 palustris, L. Berlin. Miss J. M. Nichols. 
 
 PAGE 21. 
 CALLITRICHE, L. 
 
 heterophylla, Pursh. Mt. Wachusett. W. W. B. &J. F. C. 
 
 PAGE 34. 
 RHODODENDRON, L. 
 
 viscosum, Torr., var. *glaucum, Gray. 
 
 Princeton. W. W. B. & J. F. C. 
 
 PAGE 47. 
 QUERCUS, L. 
 
 palustris, DuRoi. Pin Oak. In the southern part of 
 
 the county. 
 
 The hope expressed on page 33 concerning Andromeda 
 polifolia, L. has been fulfilled since that page was printed. 
 October 18, 1894, Mr. G. S. Newcomb of Westborough re- 
 ported to me the finding of this shrub in a swamp close by 
 that village, and a few days later I had the pleasure of visiting 
 the locality and of finding it in abundance. 
 
 %* I shall be glad to receive any. information as to the 
 discovery of species hitherto unrecorded within our limits, or 
 any facts concerning the distribution of our rarer species al- 
 ready recorded. 
 
 The preceding list contains 1,098 species and varieties, of 
 which 55 are cryptogams. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 THE trees, shrubs and evergreen flowering plants growing 
 without cultivation in Worcester County. 
 
 Coptis trifolia, Salisb. 
 Liriodendron Tulipifera, L. 
 Berberis vulgaris, L. 
 Tilia Americana, L. 
 Xanthoxylum Americanum, Mill. 
 Ilex verticillata, Gray. 
 
 laevigata, Gray. 
 
 Nemopanthes fascicularis, Raf. 
 Celastrus scandens, L. 
 Rhamnus cathartica, L. 
 Ceanothus Americanus, L. 
 Vitis Labrusca, L. 
 
 sestivalis, Michx. 
 
 cordifolia, Michx. 
 
 riparia, Michx. 
 
 Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx. 
 Acer Pennsylvanicum, L. 
 
 spicatum, Lam. 
 
 saccharinum, Wang. 
 
 Goldthread. 
 
 Tulip-Tree. 
 
 Barberry. 
 
 Basswood. 
 
 Northern Prickly Ash. 
 
 Black Alder. 
 
 Smooth Winterberry. 
 
 Mountain Holly. 
 
 Climbing Bitter-sweet. 
 
 Common Buckthorn. 
 
 New Jersey Tea. 
 
 Northern Fox-Grape. 
 
 Summer Grape. 
 
 Frost Grape. 
 
 River Grape. 
 
 Virginian Creeper. 
 
 Striped Maple. 
 
 Mountain " 
 
 Rock " 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 dasycarpum, Ehrh. 
 
 rubrum, L. 
 Rhus typhina, L. 
 
 glabra, L. 
 
 copallina, L. 
 
 verienata, DC. 
 
 Toxicodendron, L. 
 
 " " var. radicans, L. 
 
 Genista tinctoria, L. 
 Robinia Pseudacacia, L. 
 
 viscosa, Vent. 
 Primus pumila, L. 
 
 Pennsylvania, L. f. 
 
 Virginiana, L. 
 
 serotina, Ehrh. 
 Spiraea salicifolia, L. 
 
 tomentosa, L. 
 Physocarpus opulifolius, Maxim. 
 
 White Maple. 
 
 Red " 
 
 Staghorn Sumach. 
 Smooth 
 Dwarf 
 
 Poison Dogwood. 
 Poison Ivy. 
 
 Dyer's Greenweed. 
 Common Locust. 
 Clammy " 
 
 Dwarf Cherry. 
 Wild Red 
 Choke " 
 Wild Black " 
 Common Meadow-Sweet. 
 Hardhack. 
 Nine-bark. 
 
 Rubus odoratus, L. 
 
 strigosus, Michx. 
 
 occidentalis, L. 
 
 villosus, Ait. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 hispidus, L. 
 Potentilla fruticosa, L. 
 Rosa blanda, Ait. 
 
 Carolina, L. 
 
 lucida, Ehrh. 
 
 humilis, Marsh. 
 
 Purple Flowering-Raspberry. 
 Wild Red 
 
 Thimbleberry. 
 High Blackberry. 
 Low 
 Swamp 
 
 Shrubby Cinquefoil. 
 Wild Rose. 
 
LIST OF TREES AND SHRUBS. /I 
 
 rubiginosa, L. Sweetbrier. 
 
 Pyrus arbutifolia, L. f. Choke-berry. 
 
 " " " var. melanocarpa, Hook. " 
 
 Americana, DC. American Mountain-Ash. 
 
 aucuparia, Gaertn. European " 
 
 Malus, L. Wild Apple. 
 
 communis, L. " Pear. 
 
 Crataegus coccinea, L. White Thorn. 
 " var. mollis, Torr. & Gray. " 
 
 punctata, Jacq. " " 
 
 Amelanchier Canadensis, Torr. & Gray. Shad-bush. 
 
 Hydrangea arborescens, L. Wild Hydrangea. 
 
 Ribes Cynosbati, L. Gooseberry. 
 
 rotundifolium, Michx. " 
 
 oxyacanthoides, L. " 
 
 prostratum, L'Her. Fetid Currant. 
 
 floridum, L'Her. Wild Black 
 
 rubrum, L., var. subglandulosum, Maxim. Red " 
 
 Hamamelis Virginiana, L. Witch-Hazel. 
 
 Decodon verticillatus, Ell. Swamp Loosestrife. 
 
 Aralia hispida, Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla. 
 
 Cornus florida, L. Flowering Dogwood. 
 
 circinata, L'Her. Round-leaved Cornel. 
 
 sericea, L. Silky " 
 
 stolonifera, Michx. Red-osier Dogwood. 
 
 paniculata, L'Her. Panicled Cornel. 
 
 alternifolia, L. f. Alternate-leaved " 
 
 Nyssa sylvatica, Marsh. Tupelo. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 Sambucus Canadensis, L. 
 
 racemosa, L. 
 Viburnum lantanoides, Michx. 
 
 Opulus, L. 
 
 acerifolium, L. 
 
 dentatum, L. 
 
 cassinoides, L. 
 
 Lentago, L. 
 
 Linnaea borealis, Gronov. 
 Syinphoricarpus racemosus, Michx. 
 Lonicera ciliata, Muhl. 
 
 caerulea, L. Mountain 
 
 Common Elder. 
 Red-berried " 
 
 Hobble-bush. 
 Cranberry- tree. 
 Arrow-wood. 
 
 Withe-rod. 
 
 Sweet Viburnum. 
 
 Twin-flower. 
 
 Snowberry. 
 
 Fly-Honeysuckle. 
 
 hirsuta, Eaton. 
 
 glauca, Hill. 
 
 Diervilla trifida, Mcench. 
 Cephalanthus occidentalis, L. 
 Mitchella repens, L. 
 Gaylussacia dumosa, Torr. & Gray. 
 
 frondosa, Torr. & Gray. 
 
 resinosa, Torr. & Gray. 
 Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum, Lam. 
 
 Canadense, Kalm. 
 
 vacillans, Solander. 
 
 corymbosum, L. & vars. 
 
 Oxycoccus, L. 
 
 macrocarpon, Ait. 
 Chiogenes serpyllifolia, Salisb. 
 Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, Spreng. 
 Epigsea repens, L. 
 Gaultheria procumbens, L. 
 
 Hairy " 
 
 a 
 
 Bush Honeysuckle. 
 Button-bush. 
 Partridge-berry. 
 Dwarf Huckleberry. 
 Dangleberry. 
 Huckleberry. 
 Dwarf Blueberry. 
 Canada " 
 Low 
 High 
 
 Small Cranberry. 
 Large 
 
 Creeping Snowberry. 
 
 Bearberry. 
 
 Trailing Arbutus. 
 
 Checkerberry. 
 
LIST OF TREES AND SHRUBS. 73 
 
 Andromeda polifolia, L. Water Andromeda. 
 
 ligustrina, Muhl. Andromeda. 
 
 Leucothoe racemosa, Gray. Leucothoe. 
 
 Cassandra calyculata, Don. Leather- Leaf. 
 
 Kalmia latifolia, L. Mountain Laurel. 
 
 angustifolia, L. Sheep " 
 
 glauca, Ait. Pale " 
 
 Rhododendron viscosum, Torr. White Azalea. 
 
 " var. glaucum, Gray. 
 
 White Azalea. 
 
 nudiflorum, Torr. Swamp Pink. 
 
 Rhodora, Don. Rhodora. 
 
 maximum, L. Rhododendron. 
 
 Ledum latifolium, Ait. Labrador Tea. 
 
 Clethra alnifolia, L. Sweet Pepperbush. 
 
 Chimaphila umbellata, Nutt. Prince's Pine. 
 
 maculata, Pursh. Spotted Wintergreen. 
 
 Moneses grandiflora, Salisb. One-flowered Pyrola. 
 
 Pyrola secunda, L. Wintergreen. 
 
 chlorantha, Swartz. " 
 
 elliptica, Nutt. Shin-leaf. 
 
 rotundifolia, L. Wintergreen. 
 
 Fraxinus Americana, L. White Ash. 
 
 sambucifolia, Lam. Black Ash. 
 
 Sassafras officinale, Nees. Sassafras. 
 
 Lindera Benzoin, Blume. Spice-bush. 
 
 Dirca palustris, L. Leatherwood. 
 
 Daphne Mezereum, L. Mezereum. 
 
 Ulmus fulva, Michx. Slippery Elm. 
 
 Americana, L. American " 
 
74 
 
 FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 Celtis occidentalis, L. Hackberry. 
 
 Mr. G. A. Cheney assures me that he has found it grow- 
 ing in Sturbridge and elsewhere in the county. 
 
 Morus alba, L. 
 Platanus occidentalis, L. 
 Juglans cinerea, L. 
 Carya alba, Nutt. 
 
 porcina, Nutt. 
 
 amara, Nutt. 
 Myrica Gale, L. 
 
 cerifera, L. 
 
 asplenifolia, Endl. 
 Betula lenta, L. 
 
 lutea, Michx. f. 
 
 populifolia, Ait. 
 
 papyrifera, Marshall. 
 
 White Mulberry. 
 Buttonwood. 
 Butternut. 
 Shag-bark Hickory. 
 
 Pig-nut " 
 Bitter-nut " 
 
 Sweet Gale. 
 Bayberry. 
 Sweet Fern. 
 Black Birch. 
 Yellow " 
 Gray " 
 Paper " 
 Red " 
 Speckled Alder. 
 
 Smooth " 
 Wild Hazel-nut. 
 Beaked 
 
 Hop-Hornbeam. 
 Hornbeam. 
 White Oak. 
 
 Bur " 
 I am indebted to Mrs. H. G. Waite for the addition of 
 
 this species. 
 
 bicolor, Willd. Swamp White Oak. 
 
 Prinus, L. Chestnut " 
 
 " " var. monticola, Michx. Rock " " 
 
 mgra. 
 
 L. 
 
 Alnus incana, Willd. 
 
 serrulata, Willd. 
 Corylus Americana, Walt. 
 
 rostrata, Ait. 
 Ostrya Virginica, Willd. 
 Carpinus Caroliniana, Walt. 
 Quercus alba, L. 
 
 macrocarpa, Michx. 
 
LIST OF TREES AND SHRUBS. 75 
 
 prinoides, Willd. Dwarf Chestnut Oak. 
 
 rubra, L. Red " 
 
 coccinea, Wang. Scarlet " 
 
 " " var. tinctoria, Gray. Black " 
 
 palustris, DuRoi. Pin " 
 
 Miss A. H. Tucker in Trees of Worcester. 
 
 ilicifolia, Wang. . Scrub " 
 
 Castanea sativa, Mill., var. Americana, Michx. Chestnut. 
 
 Fagus ferruginea, Ait. Beech. 
 
 Salix nigra, Marsh. Black Willow, 
 
 lucida, Muhl. Shining " 
 
 fragilis, L. Crack " 
 
 alba, L. White " 
 
 " " var. vitellina, Koch. " " 
 
 rostrata, Richardson. Beaked " 
 
 discolor, Muhl. Glaucous " 
 
 humilis, Marsh. Prairie " 
 
 tristis, Ait. Dwarf Gray " 
 
 sericea, Marsh. Silky " 
 
 cordata, Muhl. Heart-leaved " 
 
 myrtilloides, L. " 
 
 Populus tremuloides, Michx. American Aspen, 
 
 grandidentata, Michx. Large-toothed " 
 balsamifera, L., var. candicans, Gray. Balm of Gilead. 
 
 monilifera, Ait. Cottonwood. 
 
 Pinus Strobus, L. White Pine, 
 
 rigida, Mill. Pitch " 
 
 resinosa, Ait. Red " 
 
 Picea nigra, Link. Black Spruce. 
 
FLORA OF WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 Tsuga Canadensis, Carr. 
 Abies balsamea, Mill. 
 Larix Americana, Michx. 
 Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea, Spach. 
 Juniperus communis, L. 
 
 Sabina, L., var. procumbens, Pursh. 
 
 Virginiana, L. 
 Taxus Canadensis, Willd. 
 Smilax rotundifolia, L. 
 
 Hemlock. 
 Balsam Fir. 
 Hackmatack. 
 White Cedar. 
 
 Common Juniper. 
 tt 
 
 Red Cedar. 
 Ground Hemlock. 
 Common Greenbrier.