P A 
 
 4002 
 
 A4 
 
 1892^ 
 MAIN 
 
THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 IN MEMORY OF 
 
 PROFESSOR WILLIAM MERRILL 
 
 AND 
 MRS. IMOGENS MERRILL 
 
. A 
 
 
SELECTIONS 
 
 FROM 
 
 HERODOTUS 
 
 WITH INTRODUCTION, NOTES, AND A MAP 
 
 W. WALTER MERRY, D.D. 
 
 Rector of Lincoln College 
 
 Qyfort 
 
 AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 
 
 MDCCCXCII 
 
HENRY FROWDE 
 
 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE 
 AMEN CORNER, E.G. 
 
 MACMILLAN AND CO. 
 
 112 FOURTH AVENUE 
 
f A Vort 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 THESE stories from Herodotus have been reprinted 
 from the larger Fourth Greek Reader to meet a request 
 for a small volume more suitable for general use in 
 Schools. The text has been revised, and a few ad- 
 ditional notes inserted, with an Introduction. 
 
 W. W. M. 
 
 OXFORD, Feb. 1880. 
 
 M.691180 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Introduction vii 
 
 Story of Solon and Croesus .... i 
 
 ,, Fall of Croesus 6 
 
 Cyrus 10 
 
 Cambyses in Egypt 26 
 
 Poly crates 35 
 
 ,, Zopyrus ....... 40 
 
 Darius in Scythia 43 
 
 ,, the Peisistratidae . , . . .49 
 
 the Battle of Marathon . . . . 55 
 
 Thermopylae . 61 
 
 Notes 71 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 HERODOTUS was born in 484 B.C., six years after the 
 battle of Marathon, and four years before the battles of 
 Thermopylae, Artemisium, and Salamis. In his childhood 
 began the period of Athenian ascendancy, and Pericles 
 commenced his career as a statesman while Herodotus 
 was still a boy. A native of the Dorian colony of 
 Halicarnassus, and inheriting, we may believe, from his 
 uncle Panyasis a taste for Epic poetry and an enthusi- 
 astic love for the heroic legends of the past, he transferred 
 his home to Samos, and there perfected himself in the use 
 of the Ionic dialect, the most appropriate , vehicle for 
 the History, which, at a very early time of his life, he had 
 determined to compose. 
 
 In the half century which preceded his birth, Prose 
 Composition had begun its first essays in Greece; and 
 the chroniclers (\oyoy pdfat), such as Cadmus, Dionysius, 
 and Hecataeus of Miletus, Hellanicus of Lesbos, and 
 Scylax of Caryanda, had written, in a simple, inartistic 
 form, various annals of contemporary events, genealogies, 
 and descriptions of places they had visited. 
 
 The genius of Herodotus found a way of investing 
 such annals and such descriptions with all the charm of 
 poetry, and all the living interest of romance. 
 
 It is for this reason that he has been styled the ' Father 
 of History.' 
 
Vlll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 But ' History,' in the sense in which Herodotus uses the 
 word, signifies ' researches ' (faro/not) ; for he intends it to 
 be the collected results of his extensive travels. 
 
 Before he reached middle life, Herodotus had explored 
 Egypt as far as Elephantine", Libya, Phenicia, Babylon, 
 and Persia. He had penetrated northward as far as the 
 mouths of the Dniester and Dnieper; he had coasted 
 along the southern shores of the Euxine, and the sea- 
 board and islands of the Aegean ; and finally had visited 
 the colonies of Magna Graecia, having made a home for 
 himself in Thurii. 
 
 But instead of contenting himself with merely reporting 
 the results of his travels, he weaves them into his history, 
 as part of a distinct plan. He proposes to narrate the 
 varying fortunes of the struggle between Asia and Europe 
 the ultimate triumph of Greece over the barbarian 
 power. 
 
 To this central thought everything is made subservient; 
 or, everything is so arranged as to show a connection 
 with it. It is because Croesus is known to have com- 
 mitted acts of hostility against the Greeks that his history 
 and that of the kingdom of Lydia is so fully recorded. 
 The history of Cambyses introduces the description of 
 Egypt ; the expedition of Darius against the Scythians 
 gives a propriety to a description of Northern Europe ; 
 and the spread of the kingdom of Persia to Gyrene makes 
 an opening for the account of that country and of Libya. 
 Meanwhile the revolt of the lonians has brought the 
 quarrel between Persia and Greece to a head, and, after a 
 notice of the rise of Athens, and a digression upon the 
 government of Sparta, the many parallel streams of this 
 history unite in one broad channel, that marks the course 
 of the so-called Persian War. Herodotus carries his 
 
INTRODUCTION. IX 
 
 account of this war up to the taking of Sestos by the 
 Greeks, and there his work abruptly closes. 
 
 But while this even flow of narrative may justly be 
 called Epic in its character, there is another point of view 
 in which the work may be more strictly styled Dramatic. 
 
 It is no mere description of a struggle between two or 
 more nations : it is a picture of human action subject to 
 the controlling influence of a moral law. It is intended 
 to be the constant exhibition of the truth that ' pride goeth 
 before a fall.' The fates of Croesus, of Cyrus, of Poly- 
 crates, of Xerxes, are only so many representations of the 
 insolence engendered by prosperity bringing down upon 
 itself the jealous wrath of heaven as a Greek would say, 
 the picture of vfipis followed by arr). The stories given in 
 this book will afford sufficient illustration of this. 
 
 DIALECT OF HERODOTUS. 
 
 It has been already noticed that Herodotus, though by 
 birth a Dorian, adopted the Ionic dialect, as more suitable 
 than Doric to the easy and flowing style of narration. 
 In this he did but follow the lead of the older logogra- 
 phers. 
 
 Pherecydes, Hecataeus, Hippocrates, and Democrilus, 
 are probably the representatives of the purest Ionic prose ; 
 but we do not possess a sufficient amount of their writings 
 to decide the question with anything like certainty. The 
 Iambics and Elegiacs of Archilochus, Simonides of 
 Amorgos, and Hipponax, are reckoned as the purest 
 specimens of Ionic in poetry (aKparos 'ids). The dialect 
 of Herodotus is described as TJ-OIK/XT/, the ' variegated tex- 
 ture ' of it being seen in the interweaving of many Epic 
 
X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 words and phrases, with some Attic, and a few Doric 
 forms. Yet, after making allowance for this admixture, 
 the Greek of Herodotus will serve as the best representa- 
 tive of Ionic. It is not without reason that he is called 
 by Dionysius of Halicarnassus, ' the best model of Ionic/ 
 (rrjs 'IdSos apia-ros KCU/WZ/), as Thucydides was of Attic prose. 
 Analogous to the Greek of Homer, the dialect of Hero- 
 dotus is a literary product that grew up with the growth 
 of prose writing, and is doubtless different from any of 
 the spoken varieties of Ionic. 
 
 In softness and harmoniousness Ionic stands pre-emi- 
 nent, forming a marked contrast to the roughness and 
 concentrated strength of the Doric ; and thus it shows 
 itself as furthest removed from the original character of 
 the Greek language. The strongest evidence of this 
 tendency to softness is the almost uniform substitution of 
 /7 for a, which must have been an early change in the 
 language ; but we have not the means of deciding whether 
 the lonians brought this usage with them from their home 
 in Greece or whether they picked it up from their Asiatic 
 neighbours. In the Ionic dialect, as we find it in the 
 writings of poets and prose authors, there is a general 
 dislike of spirants, the Digamma has fallen out of use, and 
 the rough breathing is frequently toned down to the 
 smooth. The older Ionic, in spite of its tendency to 
 diaeresis, still retained many diphthongs which the younger 
 Ionic not unfrequently replaces by the long vowel only. 
 The concurrence of vowels is a constant feature in the 
 dialect, while contraction is but sparely used, though there 
 are instances of a distinct Ionic contraction as in oySoDKoira, 
 6j3u<rc, etc. The freedom of usage respecting the aug- 
 ment may come from the great influence of Epic poetry 
 upon Ionic prose. 
 
INTRODUCTION. xi 
 
 PRINCIPAL PECULIARITIES OF THE IONIC DIA- 
 LECT AS COMPARED WITH THE ATTIC. 
 
 i. The Consonants. 
 
 (a) Dropping of the aspirate, as aTriweW&u, eVopav, 
 vTricrrdvai, KaraTrep, Kara for /ca$* a, eV a>, OVK VTTtp, avns, 
 
 d/KOfUU, OVKL. 
 
 (3) Interchange of aspirates, as IvOavra, KI@W, ftdtipaKf.s 
 
 for fVTavOa, xircoi>,j3arpa;(oy. 
 
 (c) Substitution of K for TT, as Kolos, KOO-OS-, ovVco, 6/coVepos : 
 of ^ for (TO-, as Si^o?, rpit-os, for Sicro-os-, rpia-tros. 
 
 2. The Vowels. 
 
 (tf) Substitution of /; for a, as Tip^o-o-co, rpij^vsj ^L^KOVOS, 
 vtrjvirjs, Ka.6a.pr], rotJ]Se. 
 
 (^) Substitution of e for a, as reVo-fpey, par]v 9 fcepeos, and 
 the converse as //e'yotfos-, ra/zi/co, rpaTroj. 
 
 (f) Substitution O/ a for 77, as Xao/uat, a/z(/)to-/3area). 
 
 (</) Substitution of 77 for a, as o-^prjyis, 7ro\\cnr\r)crios. 
 
 3. The Diphthongs. 
 
 (<2) Substitution of at for a, as aid, aieros. 
 (fi) ,, a) for au, as &o/ia, rpw/za. 
 
 (<T) ,, 1 for 6, aS ^el^OS, tvKV, <TTlv6s. 
 
 (d) ,, e for 6i, as p*a>v t cada, iTiTrjd(os, 
 
 {BaOea, eSe^a, C&6&S. 
 
 (e) }> ov for o, as juo0i>os>, i/o{}(roff, ovpos, 
 
 ovvofj-a, yovvaros. 
 
 (f) ,, co for ov, as coy, roiyapiov. 
 
Xll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 4. Contraction, Diaeresis, Crasis, and Elision. 
 
 (#) Contraction of OTJ to o>, as oyScoKoi/ra, /3a)$j^(rav, fWaxrar. 
 co tO ff, as TrXeCWs". 
 
 ($) Diaeresis of ei to 774, as /Sac-iX^/?;, /ivq^toi/, 01*7710?. 
 
 [NOTE Proparoxyton nouns in ta as fityaXoirpeireia @aai\ia 
 (queen}, a\rj0ia retain .] 
 
 (c) Elision of prepositions, etc., as eV e/ioC, air dvdpunav, 
 
 afM 77/ze/j/7, e^ot/i' civ. 
 
 (d) Crasis, On the Attic System, as raXXa, ravra, raX 
 
 on the Ionic system, as <^7P, T 
 
 (e) Crasis Of eo auroi) tO ecouroC, e/ze'o atiroC tO e'ft 
 
 creo avrou tO (recovrou, 6 auro? to wuroy. 
 (/") Special contracted forms, O/JTJ? for foprf), Ipov for 
 
 cepov, OLKQS for eoi/coy. 
 
 5. The Declensions. 
 FIRST DECLENSION. 
 
 (#) Feminine nouns terminating in 5 change the a to 
 rj except in accusative plural, as fi^'pr], x^P 1 !^ io-Toply. 
 Nouns terminating in a keep the a in nominative and 
 
 accusative cvvoia, fvvoirjs, cvvoirj, cvvoiav, 
 
 (d) Nouns masculine in as as z/eawas-, 'A/t^ra?, take the 
 termination 77?, as i/e^V- The genitive is formed by fo>, 
 as 5eo-7roT6oa, vtrjvUu), and the accusative in rjv as well as ca. 
 
 (c) The genitive plural ends in ewi/, as yX<oo-<reW. The 
 genitive plural of feminine adjectives and participles also 
 ends in eo>i/, but only when in Attic the accent would be 
 
 perispomenon, as for 7ra<ro)i>, 7rao-ea>i> : Xe^0eio-aii>, Xe;$eio-a>i>. 
 
 (d) The dative plural ends in 770-1, as r^o-t, Seo-Trdrjyo-t, 
 
INTRODUCTION. Xlll 
 
 SECOND DECLENSION. 
 
 (e) The dative plural is in oto-t, as Ao'yottn. 
 
 (/) The so-called 'Attic' 2nd declension is used by 
 Herodotus only in proper names, as Meve'Aeoo?, 'A^mpecos-. 
 For Afo>?, i/co?, Ka'Ao)?, Aayws- he gives the Ionic forms ATJO'S, 
 i/r/off, KciAo?, Aayd?, and for TrAecoy, lAeojy, aio'xpea>s the forms 
 TrAeof, etc. 
 
 THIRD DECLENSION. 
 
 (g) Neuters in o?, substantives and adjectives in rjs, vs, 
 or v leave all cases uncontracted. Neuters in as (except 
 yrjpas) decline with e instead of a, as Keptos. Kepii. 
 
 (h) Words in cvs decline as follows 
 
 fiacri\vs Aeos- Act A/a Afu . . . Ae'es \<*>v AeOcri Aea?. 
 
 In is mostly as follows 
 
 TToAt? IDS 1 IV 1 . . . LS [t?] ItoV IGl ICIS [ts]. 
 
 Cp. 2apts ace. plur. Attic6 SdpSeu. The nom. is variously 
 
 2pSt? and 2ap8ie?. 
 
 The word ^0? (ravs) declines thus 
 
 vrji/Sj ^eos, vrji, vea, vtcs, vewv, vyvat, veas. 
 
 6. Pronouns. 
 
 (<z) Personal. Besides c/uco, o-co, eo, we have eV ^> " e ^> 
 
 eu. For aura) Ol* aur/J We have ot, for CLVTOV, avTTjV, nvro, 
 
 frequently /zii/ ; for avrols or auraT?, o-^t, and for cavrois or 
 cauraT?, a(f>i(n. The form o-^>e serves as the accusative of all 
 genders and numbers, and there is a special neuter plural 
 
 form (7(/>ea. 
 
 (3) The nominatives foels, ty^Is-, cr^a? are always con- 
 tracted, but in the oblique cases we have fjpfav, {^eW, 
 
 o-(eo>i> : rjfJLeas, v/ueaj, <r(j)eas. 
 
xiv INTRODUCTION. 
 
 (<:) The relative pronoun is declined, os, 9, TO ot, at, TO, 
 all oblique cases have the initial r, but this rule does not 
 apply to the declension of oans. For the Attic 6Vov, 6Vo>, 
 
 oroto-t, aTLva, HerodotUS USeS orev, oreft), 6reoio-t, aarcra. 
 
 (d) In the declension of T/S-, for r^W, nw, TtVo>i>, nVc, 
 
 HerodotUS Uses reo [rcC], Te'o>, recoi/, reo7t. 
 
 CONJUGATION. 
 
 7. Augment. 
 
 (0) The use of the syllabic and temporal augment 
 in Herodotus, though not constant as in Attic, is more 
 governed by rule than in the Homeric poems. It is 
 regularly absent from certain words of poetical or of 
 distinct Ionic form, nor is it used with verbs beginning 
 with at, av, ei, cv, 01, nor with the iterative tenses in O-KOV, 
 
 (TKOfJirjV. 
 
 8. Terminations. 
 
 (a) The third person plural in arat, aro for vrai, vro 
 is found, (i) in Perfects and Pluperfects of the o> con- 
 jugation, as TTi>$>aTai, oViWro, jSfjSXearat (with shortening 
 
 of rj tO e), wpjLiearo. (2) In Optative, as /Sot'Xoiaro, cnriKoiaTO. 
 
 (3) In Pres. and Imperf. Pass, of verbs in fit, as TrapeTidcaro. 
 
 dvvearai. 
 
 (3) Uncontracted form of Pluperfect Active, as IvOea 
 eas ee. 3rd Pers. Plur. -fa-av. 
 
 (c) Uncontracted form of 2nd Pers. Sing. Indie. 
 
 Passive and Middle, as Ol^eac, eVeat, aVtKeo, eye'yeo, cdeao, 
 VTreBrjKao, Trei^eo [Imperat.]. 
 
 [NOTE. The second person of all these forms is contracted in the 
 Conjunctive.] 
 
INTR OD UCTION. XV 
 
 (d) In Aor. I. II. Passive Conjunctive, and Aor. II. 
 Conjunct, of verbs in fu the contracted vowel & is opened 
 
 into eo>, as mpe$eo), e^ayaorecojuez/. 
 
 9. Contracted Verbs. 
 
 (a) In verbs in eo>, Herodotus leaves open many of the 
 forms contracted by Attic rule, e.g. icaXfo/*ei/oy, icaXei?, 
 K(i\eov, <pi\o<To<pa)v. In a few verbs in eo>, the vowels eo 
 and cov contract into ev, to avoid the concurrence of three 
 or more vowels, as TTO-I e o n*vos t becomes Troievpcvos, 
 The impersonal Set is contracted, but the form of the 
 Imperfect is e'6'ee. 
 
 (3) The same rules apply to the contracted future of 
 
 verbs, as for /xei^'ouo-i, KaraTrXouneen', ga/HCttrdcu. But a 
 
 similar contraction into eu (see above) takes place with 
 
 SOme ' Attic ' futures, as KOjLueu/ze$a, avTay^v^v^vos. 
 
 (c) In verbs in aa>, the Attic contraction into w is 
 generally left open, but instead of the diaeresis appearing 
 as aw, ao, aov, it mostly follows the analogy of verbs in ecu, 
 
 and appears as eo>, eo, eov, as O/KG), 6peo^v t wpeov, 6pecofJLv f 
 
 etc. But the Attic contraction a or a remains undisturbed, 
 as opa?, 6pacr6ai. Xpaa> and ^pao/xat however do not con- 
 tract into 77 but n. 
 
 (^) Verbs in oo> generally follow the Attic rules of con- 
 traction, but in verbs in which a vowel precedes the letters 
 liable to contraction, oo and oov are mostly contracted to 
 
 ev, as eSiKai-fvv, a^ievvrai. 
 
 10. Verbs in JJLU 
 
 (a) The 2nd and 3rd Pers. Sing, and 3rd Pers. Plur. of 
 riQrjfjn, lo-r^jui, and d/dco/ze follow the forms of the con- 
 
 ju'^ation as ridels, TiQii, nBtivi j iarrqs, tora, tVraa-t * dtdols, 
 StSoi, ^tSouo-t. The imperf. of rlBr^ii is eVi^ea, criQeeSj crtQec. 
 
 Particip. Perf. of tcrr^t, cWfcoy. 
 
xvi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 () Dialectical forms of clpi (sum] are For eV/ucV, cluw; 
 for elev, c'lrjvav for &v and ouo-a, ecof and eovva, etc. ; for j}f , 
 
 ZCTKOV, or sometimes ea, eay, earf. 
 
 (<:) Forms from ol8a are oiSa? tfyzez> ot'Sao-t. Conj. e?8e'a>. 
 
 Opt. l$ir]v. Imperf. ^'Sea f;Sf6 rj8eare f/Secrai/. 
 
 (<^) Forms of f^t (tbo) Imperf. fjia ^ fjio-av. 
 (e) diKi>v}jii and fevyvv/jn follow partly the conjugation in 
 pi and partly that in . 
 
SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 [The small figures and letters refer to the table of 
 Dialectical forms, page xi foil.] 
 
 THE STORY OF SOLON AND CROESUS. 
 
 (B. i. chaps. 29-31 ; 84-87. 
 
 The history of Herodotus is an account of the great feud 
 between Asia and Europe. There were many stories told on 
 either side about the various acts of violence that led to the 
 quarrel, such as the rape of lo, of Europa, and of Helen : 
 a woman, as usual, figuring in them, as the causa teterrlma 
 belli. Herodotus evidently considers the blame lay with the 
 Asiatics ; and he proceeds to tell the story of Croesus, king 
 of Lydia, the first historical aggressor (rov irp^rov virap^avra 
 aS/Kcoz/ cpyuv cs rovs *E\\r)vas). Croesus, son of Alyattes, 
 made himself master of most of the countries west of the 
 river Halys. Like Solomon, in wealth if not in wisdom, 
 he lived in magnificent state, and his court was visited by 
 great men from all parts, to partake of his splendid hospitality 
 and gaze on his priceless treasures. Among the most famous 
 of his guests was Solon, the Athenian. 
 
 I. INTERVIEW OF CROESUS AND SOLON. 
 I. i. 
 
 aXXoi re ol iravres Vc rrjs e EAAa8o? o-o< terra t, ot roi;- 
 rov TOV \povov zrvyyjzvov oVres lob , a>s eKaoro? avr&v 
 9a ' KCU Sr) KCU 2oXcoz;, avrjp 'AQrjvcfios, 05 
 B 
 
1 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 5 ' A.OrjvaioKn VOJJLOVS KeXewracrt Troirjcras, 
 erea 5g 6e/ca, Kara flecoptrys 1 6a 7rpo<acrtz> 
 6r) //?7 rtra r<2z; z/o/xa)z> avayKao-dfj \vo-ai rwz; 6c e#ero. 
 aurot yap OVK otot re ?7(raz> avro Trotr/crat 'Aflrjz^atot* 
 opKmLart, 6e yap /xeyaXotcrt KaTix.ovTo s 8eKa crea X/ 37 ?" 
 10 creo-Oai vopoicri TOVS 6c az; (7</)t 6a 2oAcoz> Orjrai... AVT&V 
 brj )v 3f TOVT&V Kal rfjs 0ta>pir)s Kbr]fj,ri(ras 6 2oAcoz; 
 etre/cez/, Is AtyvTrroz; aTrtKcro Trapa v A/xacrtz;, Kat 6r) Kal 
 es 2ap6ts 6h Trapa Kpotcroz>. aTTtKo/xez/oy Se, e^etvt^Ero 
 ez; rotcrt /SacrtXrytotcrt 4b I^TTO roO Kpoicrov. 
 
 (B. i. 29, 30.) 
 
 After Solon had been taken round the royal treasure- 
 houses, Croesus asked him who was the happiest man he had 
 ever known, and Solon, to the surprise of his host, answered, 
 " Tellos, the Athenian." 
 
 I. 2. 
 
 Mera 6e, f]^pr] 5a rptrrj 77 reraprr;, KeAe^(raz>ros Kpot- 
 croi;, roz; 2oAa)z;a OepaTrovres Trepifjyov Kara rovs Orjcrav- 
 povs, Kat tTrebetKWo-av navTa eoVra 10b juteyaAa re Kat 
 o\fiia. 0rjr](raiJLvov 6e /xtz^ ra Traz^ra Kat (TKe\/ra/xez>oz/ 
 5 (os ot 6a Kara Kcupbv j\v^ etpero 6 Kpotcros ra6e* 
 ^z^ate, Trap' ?yju,e'as 6b yap Trept o-eo 6a Xoyos 
 -TToAXos, Kat cro<^)ti]r ( f (vKV rfjs (rrjs Kat 
 
 XvOas. vvv S)V t/xepos eTretpecrflat /xot eTTTJXfle, et rtz^a 
 10 "iby TraVrcozJ eT8e9 oXjQtwraror;" e O /xez/, eXTTtfcoz; etz^at 
 av9p(x>TT(tiv oX/3twraros > , rai5ra eTretpcora. 
 o^Sez; vTtoOcoTTtva-as, aXXa r<5 eoVrt 101 * 
 Xeyef " 9 12 ^Sao-tXeu, TeXXoz> 'AOrjvalov'" 'l 
 eras 3b 8e Kpoto-oy ro Xe)(^^> etpero e7rt<rrpe</>ecos' 
 Te'XXoz^ etz^at dX/3to)raroz^;" C O 8e 
 
SOLON AND CROESUS. I. 3. 
 
 enre* "Te'XXo) TOVTO /xez;, rrjs Tro'Xtos- 5h e# 
 
 ](raz/ KaXot re Kaya0ot, Kat crc^t e?6"e 
 eKyez/ofzez^a, Kat TraVra 7rapa/xetz;az>ra' TOVTO be, 
 
 TOV PIOV V JJKOVTl, O)S TCL Trap' ^JUUZ/, reXei>ri) rOl> /3lOV 
 
 \afJL7rpoTaTr] eTreye^ero. yevonevrjs yap *A6r]vaioi(Ti 20 
 fxax 7 ?^ Trpos 1 roi)? aoruyetroras' ez; 'EXevcrtz^ 
 (ra9 4a , Kat TpoTrrjv TTOLTjo-as T&v -JToXe/xtcoz^, 
 KaXXtara. Kat jutty 'AOrjvaioi br]fJioo-iri re eOatyav avTOV 
 
 TjJTTtp 6c eTrecre, Kat ertft^crai' jueyaXcos 1 ." 
 
 (B. i. 30.) 
 
 Croesus, hoping he should at least come second on the list, 
 asks Solon whom he considered next happiest. Solon gives 
 that place to Cleobis and Bito of Argos, and tells their story. 
 
 I. 3. 
 
 'll? e ra Kara roz> TeXXou Trpoerpei^aro 6 2oXcoz/' roi> 
 Kpouroi;, etTray TroXXa re Kat oX^Sta, eTretpaira rtra 
 
 ya>z; 3f ot(reo-^at. 6 6e etTre" " KXe'ojStz; re Kat Btrcora. 
 TOVTOKTL yap, eoi;o-t yero? 'Apyetotcrt, /3to? re dpKecoz; 9 * 5 
 VTrrjv, Kat Trpo? roirra>, pw/xr] (rcojixaroy rot?}6e 2a * de^Xo- 
 </>opot re djLic^orepot 6/xotcos ^craz/, Kat 6r) Kat Xeyerat o6e 
 6 Xo'yos. ovcrri$ 6pr?j5 4f rr} f 'Hprj rotcrt 'Apyetoto-t, e6ee 9a 
 Trdz^rco? r?)z; /xr/repa CIVT&V (^tvyti KO^Krdrjvai es ro lpov* f ' 
 ol b cr(pL /3oe9 eK roi; dypoi; ov irapeyivovTO ev 
 ot verjviai, 
 
 d^e'ero 77 jut7jrr/p. orra6tovs 6e -TreVre Kat 
 StaKOjutto-az^re?, CLTTLKOVTO ts TO ipov TCLVTO, 8e (r^)t TTOLTJ- 
 cracrt, Kat d^>^et(rt VTTO rijs Tra^ryyvptoy 511 , reXevrr) roi; 15 
 /3tou apiCTTr] eTreyez^ero. 6te6e^e /3d re ez/ TOVTOKTL 6 Oebs, 
 &s afjitivov elrj dz^^pajTrw TtOvavai /xaXXoz; r) 
 B 2 
 
4 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 'Apyetot fjizv -yap TreptoraWes' ejmaKapifoz; r&v 
 
 rr]v pw/xrjz;* al be 'Apyetat, rrjv pjre'pa avr&v, ol 
 
 20 T&KV&V KVpr]CT. 1) 6 jUtT^r^p f npl\OLpJ]^ kovva TO) T 
 
 epyo) /cat rr/ (priori , crracra avriov TOV dyaAjutaros 1 , 
 KAeo/3t re Kat Btrwz/t, rotcrt Icourijj 46 TKVOKTL, ot 
 Tifjirj(Tav juteyaXco?, bovvai rrjv Oebv ro 6c av6pu>7T(*> 
 apio-Tov eart. jutera Tavrrjv 6e r^y tvyj\v, a>s lOvtfiv re 
 25 /cat vu>yjiQTr}<rav, KaraKOiiJirjOevTes Iv CLVT& r<5 tpa> ot 
 Vivian, OVKZTI avto-rrjo-av, dAA.' ez^ re'Ae't* rovra) HO-^OVTO. 
 'Apyetot 6e (r^ecoz; 6b et/coz/a? iroLrjardfj.evoL, av0(rav $ 
 ovs, ws avbp&v dptorco^ 
 
 Croesus is vexed that he is thus passed over, but Solon tells 
 him that no one can be called happy till he has ended his days 
 happily, and that great prosperity is jealously watched by 
 heaven: the higher a man's estate, the more liable it is to 
 a sudden fall. Then Croesus dismisses Solon for a fool. 
 
 I. 4. 
 
 SoAooz; jutei; 8r) evbaifjiovirjs 6et>Tepr/ta 4b eWjute TOVTOLO-L. 
 Kpota-os 6e (T7repx0et?, etTre* " 9 & etz>e ^A^r^z/ate, ^ 6e 
 finrfn\ vbaL{jLovir] OVT& rot aTrepptTrrai es ro p,r]bv, 
 wore o^^e t6tcorea)z; 5c avbp&v aiov$ ^juteas 6b 7TOir}(ras ;" 
 5 C O 8e ctTre* " 9 >fl Kpoto-e, k'nio-ra^vov /xe ro 
 ov re Kat rapa)(ai8e9, eTretpcoras dz 
 ?rept ; ez; yap rw fiaKpw xpov<*> 
 ecrrt tSeetz; ra ft?] rts e^eAet, TroAAa 8e Kat 7ra0eetz>* e/xot 
 8e (ri> Kat TT\ovTLv jj,v /xeya <^at^eat 8c , Kat J3a(n\v$ 
 10 etz/at TToAAwy av6pu>77a)V eKetz/o 8e ro etpeo 8c /ixe, O#KO> IC 
 <re eya> Ae'ya), -Trptz; az> reAevrTJo-az/ra KaAws roy atwz^a 
 i. ov -yap rot 6 /txe'ya TiAo^crtos /xaAAoz; roi) eTr' 
 ecrrt, et /m?{ ot rvx 
 
SOLON AND CROESUS. I. 4. 5 
 
 o-TTOtro, TtdvTa KaXa fyovra reXevrr/o-at v TOV ftiov. 
 TroXXot IJLZV yap ait\ovToi av0p(&7T(*>v, avoXfiioi etcrr 15 
 
 cos" X. OVTS /3tou, evrvx^lts 58 . 6 |mez; 677 
 ya TT\ov(rio$, avoXfiios be, . 6voun Trpoe'xet TOV ZVTV- 
 //.owotcn, 36 * oSro? 6, roi; TrAoixrtov /cat avoX/Biov 
 -t. 6 ftez;, 7Ti6viJLir]v eKreXeVat, Kat arr^z; /xeyaXr^z; 
 
 ez/etKat bvvaT&repos' 6 6e, TOicribe Trpo- 20 
 arr\v juez/ Kat 7riOv}Jiiriv OVK o/xouos 
 raura 6e 77 evrvyjir] ol a7TpVKi* 
 be ea-rt, arovo-oj 36 , aTraOys KCIK&V, evirais, tvtibrjs' et 6e 
 Trpoy ro^rot(rt crt reXevr^cret roz/ jStoz^ e), o^ros eKetz^os', 
 roz^ 6c o-v f?]rt9, oX/3to? KK\r)(r6aL agios eart. Trpti^ 25 
 5' az; reXetrr^crT/, eTTtcr^eetr, /xr^Se Ka\iv KO) IC oX/3tozJ, 
 dXX' c^n;xa 5g . ra Traz^ra /jtez; z/vz; ravra 
 av6pa)TTOv eozra aovvarov eort, cocrTrep ^pr] 
 KarapKi TtdvTa ccour^ 49 iraptyjovcra, dXXa aXXo jotez; 
 e'x^t, trtpov be eTTtSeeraf ^ 6e az; -ra TrXetora ex//, 3 
 apicrrr] avrr]. a>y 6 Kat avOptoirov <r<S/xa ez/ ovbzv avrap- 
 K$ ecrrr TO /xer yap ex et * aXXou 6e ez^Sees eart. 09 
 6' az/ avr&v TrXetora excoz/ StarcXe'rj 9 *, Kat eTretra reXev- 
 r?7(rr/ tvyjipicrTas rbv fiiov, OVTOS 'nap 6/xot ro o&o/xa 3e 
 roi;ro, S /Sao-tXeS, biKaios cort ^epeo-^at. o-KOTreetz/ 6e 35 
 
 TJ]V T\VTr)V K.fj lc 
 
 7roXXot(7t yap 677 t>7roas 3d o\j3ov 6 Oebs, irpoppi&vs 
 Taura Xeycoz/ rw Kpoto-o), ov KCOJ oiJre 
 oi/re Xoyov juttz/ / Trot?]cra/X6ros > ovbevbs CLTTO- 
 Kcipra boas d/xa$ea ctz/at, 09 ra irapeovra 40 
 
 ayaOa /xrets la , TT^Z; TtXtvrrjv Travrbs 
 
 (B-i. 32, 330 
 
SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 II. THE FALL OF CROESUS. 
 
 Solon's warning was soon to come true. Croesus first loses, 
 by an untoward accident, the son whose life he had guarded 
 as the apple of his eye: then, deceived by the ambiguous 
 answer of the Delphic oracle, he resolves to attack Cyrus, for 
 he was uneasy at the growing power of Persia. But he has 
 to fall back upon Sardis, his capital city, and after an obstinate 
 battle the aggressor finds himself besieged. 
 
 Sardis was deemed impregnable ; but a skilful climber found 
 his way up to the citadel by an undefended path. The troops 
 of Cyrus followed him, and the city was stormed. 
 
 II. 1. 
 
 
 f][Jipr] -TroAtOpKeOfXeVc*) 9 * Kpo{<T(p, KvpOS Tfl (TTpCL- 
 
 rifj rfj (*>VTOV, bia^^as iTnrtas, TrpoeiTre, ra> Trpcora) 
 tTU/BdvTi, TOV ret'xeos 5<Spa 6<ocretz/. ftera 6e TOVTO, 
 5 Tretprjo-ajueVrjs' rrjs orpart?Js, cbs ov Trpoex^pee, v6avra lb 
 aAAcoz; TreTrav/jtez/cor, avrjp MapSoj eTretparo Trpocr- 
 T<5 ovvo^a BQ j\v Tpotd6rys, Kara TOVTO Trjs dxpo- 
 r^ ovbels ereraKro <^i;AaKos' o^ yap ?}z> bivbv, 
 Kara TOVTO /xr) aX(3 Kore lc . aTroro/xos' T yap ecrn TOUTy 
 10 f) aKpoTToXts, Kal a/xaxos* 'O S^ 3f brj 'TpoLafys OVTOS 6 
 s 1 , Ib&v Trj 7rpoTpairi 5a> T&V TWO, Avb&v Kara TOVTO 
 aKpoirokios KaTajBdvTa ITTI Kvv<=r]v avu>6tv 
 
 Kat aveXofjievoVj typao-drj KCU zs Ov^bv 
 rore 8e 6^ avTos re ar/36/37]Ke 8b , Kat Kar' a^roz; 
 [ 5 ITepo-eco^ 50 avefiaivov. Trpoo-jBdvTtov 6e vvyv&v, ovrco 
 6r) 2ap8tes re f)\(&K(rav 3 Kal TTCLV TO CHTTV eTrop^eero. 
 
 (B. i. 8 4 .) 
 
 The son of Croesus, who was dumb, seeing his father on 
 the point of being slain, regained his speech in the agony of 
 the moment. 
 
FALL OF CROESUS. II. 2. 7 
 
 II. 2. 
 
 Kar' avrbv o"e Kpoicrov rd8e eyeVero. ??z> ot Tracy, ra 
 juter dAAa eTrtetfa)?, a^avos 8e. eV rf} z; 3f Trap eA0 oven? 
 eveorot 6 Kpouros ro 7ra> es auroz; eTreTroi^Kee 81 *, aXXa 
 re tinffrpaCoiJievos, Kal by Kal es AeX(/)OV9 Trepl cwroi; 
 
 ot eiTre rdSe* 5 
 AvSe -yevos, TroXXSv ^ao-iXeC, /xeya I^TTIC Kpoicre, 
 
 /Ltj) j3ou\V 4a 7TO\VVKTOV ITjV CLVCL Sto/ZaT* ClKOVflV 
 
 Traidos (f)dyyop,vov. rode trot TroXv Xoatoi/ ap.<p\s 
 i, av$f](TL yap eV ij/ucm Trpwroi/ aj/oXjSa). 
 
 Se ro rtx. 60S> j ^ t ^ lod 7P ^^ ^S 1 Ilepcrecoi/ 10 
 Kpouroy ws a7TOKrei'0)i' 9b , Kpotcros /xez; vvv 
 ITUOVTCL^VTIO TTJS Trapeowrjs o-ujuu^opr}? Traprj- 
 8b , ov6e rt ol Ste^epe ^A^yeWt avoOavitiV o 6e 
 1 oiiro? 6 d^co^os", a>9 et8e ZTTLOVTCL TOV Tleporqv, vno 
 beovs re Kal KCLKOV eppr)e (fxt^v^v, e^Tre 6e* " v H^^pa)7re, 15 
 /tx,r) Kret^e Kpotoro^." Ovroy /xez; 6?) rouro Ttp&TOV e^)^ey- 
 
 \povov rfjs 
 (B. i. 85.) 
 
 Croesus was taken prisoner. His conqueror cast him in 
 chains upon a pile of wood to be burned alive. Then Croesus, 
 in the bitterness of his soul, remembered the warning words 
 of Solon, and called three times aloud upon his name. When 
 Cyrus learned the meaning of the cry, and heard the story, 
 touched with pity and fear he ordered the fire to be quenched. 
 But the fire was too fierce, and had the mastery. 
 
 II. 3. 
 
 Ot Se Ilepo-cH rds re 6r) 2dp5ts 5h eo^ov, KOL amov 
 Kpouroz/ t^toypYicrav, apavra erea TecnrepecnccuSe/ca, Kal 
 
 TCT(7pO'KaibKa T}}JLpaS TToXlOpKTjOtVTa, KttTtt TO 
 
 re KaTCLTravcravTa rr]V ecovroi; 46 
 
 Xafiovres 6e avrov ol ITepcrcu tfyayov Trapa Kvoov. 6 5 
 
SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 o"e, (Tvvvrj(ra$ Trvprjv /zeyaArjz;, av [3 i fiacre eV avrr\v TOV 
 KpotcroV re v TTbri(TL bebejJLcvov, Kat bis 67TTa Avb&v 
 Trap' CLVTOV TratSa?. Tc3 be KpotVo), 60T6a>Tt 10a 67r TT/S 
 irvpTJs, eo-e\0elv 9 Kat Trep ev KaK(3 tovn rocro^ra), ro rou 
 
 10 2oAcoz/09, a>s ot etr] crw 0ea> etpryjuteroz/, TO " 
 etWt rwz; ^oooVrcoz; 8\fiiov" a)? 6e apa 
 TOVTO, avVLKa^i'6v T KOL ava(TTv 
 fjcrvxLrjs, $ rpls ovopacrai 2oAa)ra. KOL TOV Kvpov CLKOV- 
 aravTa, K\vcrai TOVS Ip/x^z/eas 5h 7retpecr0ai rbv Kpotcrov, 
 
 15 rtra TOVTOV 67rtKaA.otro* Kat roi)y Trpoo-eXOovras 
 
 be, a)? ^ayKa^ero, etTrei^* i (f To^ 6c av 6ya> Tracrt 
 TvpdvvoiCTL Trpoercjutr/o-a /xeyaAcoz; -^p^^aTcov e$ Xoyovs 
 
 20 ra Xeyo/xez^a. XnraptovT&v 8e avr&v, Kat o^Xov Trape- 
 v, lAeye 6r), a>5 7?A0e ap^v 6 EoAco^, ewz; 'AOrj- 
 Kat OrjrjcrdiJizvos TiavTa TOV k<*>VTOv o\/3ov CLTTO- 
 ola brj etTra?, c5s re a^ra) iravTa a7ro/3e/3?}Kot 
 
 K6t^09 1776, o6e'z; Tt }JLa\\OV 69 ttoVTOV XtytoV, fj 
 
 TO av6 pair LVOV, Kat /xdAtcrTa TOV? Trapa o~^)tort 
 avTolcrL boKtovras 6A/3tov? 6tVat. Toz; jotez; Kpottroz; 
 Ta^Ta aTTrjyeecrBaL' Trjs be irvprjs tfbrj a/ 
 Ta 7T6pt6(T)(aTa. Kat TOZ; K^poz; aKOvaravTa T&V tp 
 Ta 6t7T6 Kpoto-os 1 \AtTCLyv6vTa T, Kat evvtocravTa 4 * OTI Kat 
 30 a^Toy avOpwTTOS 6&>^, a\\ov avOptoirov, yevo^evov ttoVTov 
 evbaifjiovirj OVK lAacrcra), ^cooz^Ta Trupt bibotr]' Trpos T 
 TOVTOICTI, beicravTa TJ\V Ticriv, Kat 67 
 
 vvvai TJ\V Tayj.<TTit]v TO Kaio^evov nvp, Kat 
 35 Kpotcroz; Te Kat TOV? /x,6Ta Kpotorof Kal TOT)? 
 6Tt TOI; irvpbs 67rtKpaT^crat. 
 
 (B. i, 86.) 
 
FALL OF CROESUS. II. 4. 9 
 
 Then Croesus prayed to Apollo, and suddenly the clouds 
 gathered in the clear blue sky, and the flames were extinguished 
 by a torrent of rain. 
 
 II. 4. 
 
 'Ei>0a{>ra lb Aeyerat VTTO Avb&v, Kpolaov p,a66vTa Tr\v 
 Kvpov jJLtTdyvaxriv, &s copa 9c TTCLVTCL p,ev avbpa crflevvvvTa 
 TO Trvp, bvva^vovs 8e ovKtTi KaraAa/Seu^ eT 
 TOV 'ATToAAcoz/a eVtKaAeo//,ez>oi', et TL ol 
 avTov eScop?^, TrapacrTrjvai, KOL pvaao-Oai ynv IK TOV 5 
 TrapeoVros KCLKOV. TOV /utez/, baKpvovTa eTTtKaXeecr^at TOV 
 Oeov K be aWpiris re KCU vrjve^Crjs (rvvbpajJLeeiv ea- 
 TTivrjs vtffrta, KOL \i^&vd re Karappay?Jz/at, KCU vcrai 
 vbaTL \a/3poTCLT(d, KaTCHr/Bto-Orjvai re rr)i> Trvprjv. OVTU> 
 br] fjLaOovTa TOV Kvpov, &s elrj 6 Kpolcros Kal 
 KCU avqp aya6bs, Kara/3tj8acra^ra CLVTOV aTro Trjs 
 etpecr^at ra6e* " K/)ot(re, T'IS ere 
 yr\v TTJV }jir]v o m TpaTVcra^vo 
 Karacrrr/rat ;" *O 6e etTre* "^Q /BacrtXeu, eyw rai;ra 
 TTprja 2a> TJJ err) joiez; evbaL^ovirjy TTJ e/xecovroi; 46 6e KaKO- 15 
 atrto? 6e TOVTMV eyez^ero 6 c EAA?]z;oozJ ^eoy, 
 e//e crrpareveo-^at. oi8et9 yap oi;rco avorjTos 
 ecrrt, os rty TroAe/xoz/ ^rpo dprjvrjs atpeerat. ez; ftez; yap 
 r?J, ot Traces' roi/s Trarepa? QaTrTowc V bz rw, ot ?ra- 
 repes roi's TratSas 1 . dAXa ravra Sat/xocrc KOI> IC <pfaov r\v 20 
 otfrco yez/eV^at." (B. i. 87.) 
 
 Cyrus not only pardoned his royal prisoner, but took him 
 for his friend and adviser. And when Croesus sent to 
 reproach the Delphic god for having brought ruin upon him, 
 he learned how in his case the sins of the fathers had been 
 visited upon the children ; how his own interpretation of the 
 oracle had drawn him to his doom, and, lastly, how the god 
 had done the best he could for his worshipper ; but there is 
 a power stronger than the gods themselves the power of Fate. 
 
10 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 III. THE STORY OF CYRUS. 
 
 The last king of the Medes was Astyages, son of Cyaxares. 
 He had given his daughter Mandane in marriage to a Persian 
 named Cambyses, " a peaceable man, of good family " (OLKL^S 
 pelt fovra ayaQfjs, rpoirov Se Tycru^/oi;, b. i. 107). But Astyages 
 dreamed that a vine grew from the body of his daughter and 
 overshadowed the whole of Asia, so, as the dream seemed to 
 threaten his sovereignty, he ordered the child that was born 
 of her to be put to death. His vizier, Harpagus, was to carry 
 out the order, but not having the heart to kill the child, 
 he passed it on to Mitradates, one of the royal herdsmen, 
 bidding him expose it upon the mountains. 
 
 III. 1. 
 
 O p,ev ''ApTrayo? avriKa ayyeXov eirejjiTre cirl T&V /3ov- 
 KoXcoz; T&V 'Ao-Tvdyebs rbv ^Trtoraro ro/xdy re eTTirr^ea)- 
 rdras 3d vepovTa, Kal ovpea 36 ^ptcoSecrrara, r<5 ovvo^a 
 fjvMiTpabdTr]s, crvvoiK.ee be rrj ecourov crvvbov\(j>* 
 5 8e rfj yvvaiKl j\v rfj crvvoiKte, Kvva, Kara rr\v C I 
 yXGxTa-av' Kara be TJ]V M^6tKr)z/, 2^aKco' TT\V yap KVVO. 
 Ka\eovcn (TTrd/ca Mrjboi. 
 
 'Eire! S>v 6 /3oi>KoAos > cnrovbf) 
 Kero, eXeye 6 "Apirayos rdbe* ' 
 10 TO Traibiov TOVTO Xafiovra, Oelvai ey ro eprj^oTaTov r&v 
 v, OKCO? IC av rd)(tcrra bLa(f)0apeirj. Kal Tabe rot 
 rjv fjirj aTTOKTeivys a^ro, aXXd rea> 6d 
 oAe$pa) rw KaKtcrro) ere bia^rj- 
 
 (B. i. 1 10.) 
 
 Now the herdsman's wife had just had a child still-born, 
 and when she saw the babe brought in, clothed in royal ap- 
 parel, she could not bear to think that it should die ; so she 
 put the dead child on the mountain instead of the living, and 
 reared the little changeling at home. 
 
STORF OF CFRUS. III. 2. II 
 
 III. 2. 
 
 TavTa aKov&as 6 /SovKo'Aos, Kat avaXafltov TO naibiov 
 ^fte lod rr)z; avTrjv OTTtcro) obbv, Kal a7rtKz>e'erat es rr]v 
 7rav\iv. rep b 3 apa Kal avr& fj yvvi], rore KCOS Kara 
 baifjiova rtKret, ol\op,vov TOV POVKO\OV e? TTO\IV. yvav 
 6e iv ^>poz/rt8t a^orepoi dXX^Xcoz/ WC/H" o /xe^, roi; 5 
 TOKOV rijs yvvaiKos appcoSecoy* ^ 8e yv^, o rt OVK 
 ea)0a>s 3d 6 ''ApTrayos /xra7Tjut\/ratro a^rrj? roz/ 
 C7T66 re 6e aTToroor^o-as 1 eTreorr;, ota e deATrroi; 
 ^ yvz;^ etpero Trporepr], 6 n \LIV OVTM TrpoOv^s "Apira- 
 yos /^eraTre/x^atro. 6 6e etTre* U ^H ywat, eT8oz/ re 69 10 
 
 /core tvivOai es 6ea-7roras 
 
 ecra). w? 8e ra^tora IcrriXOov, 6pea> 9c Ttaibiov irpo- 
 v, acmaipov re Kat Kpavyavo^evov, KeKoo-p.rj^vov 15 
 re Kat eo-0r)rt TrotKtAr/. f/ Ap7rayos 6e a>s ete jute, 
 
 vaXapovTa TO Traibio 
 a, Kal Oelvai v6a ^ptcoSecrraroi' etr; T&V o^p 
 
 TOV raura eTTt^e/xez/oz; />tot, TroAAa 
 et JUITJ crc^ea 6 * 7rot?}(ratjutt. Kal eya> avaXafivv 20 
 
 (j)pOV t boK0)V T&V TIVOS OLKT(dV cIvaC 0V yap CLV KOT 
 
 ye ?fz;. e^a/x/3eoz/ 8e opeW XP V0 "^ re Ka ' 
 Trpoy 6e, Kat K\av9^ov Kareore- 
 Zv 'ApirdyoV Kal irpoKa re 6^ Kar' 
 68oz> TTwO avo^ai TOV TtdvTa \6yov OepdvovTos, bs e/xe 25 
 
 S", V\LpL(7 TO f3p(j)OS, O)S apa 
 
 re etr; Trats rijs 'Ao-rfayeco OvyaTpbs, Kal 
 rou K?;pou, Kat jtxtz; 'Aorvayrjs ez^re'AAerat 
 L. vvv re o6e ecrrt." "A//a 6e rai;ra eAeye 6 
 
 KKa\v\l/a$ aTreSetK^ve. ^ 8e, a>s et6e ro 30 
 Lov jjiya re Kat evetdes eoz;, 8aKpwa(ra, Kal Aa/3o- 
 
SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 pevrj T&V yovvaT(t)v ge TOV avbpbs, 
 
 eKdelvai JJLLV. 6 be OVK e<r? otos- re ttvai aXXcoy avra 
 
 TtOLeeiV eTTL^oiTTja-eivyap KaTdCTKOiTovs e*Ap7rayov eTTO- 
 
 35 iffOfjievovs' a7ro\e'ea-0at 9b re KaKtcrra, rjv ^r\ cr<pea TrotTjo-?/. 
 a)? 8e OVK eireiOe apa TOV avbpa, btvTtpa Aeyet rj yvvj\ 
 ra8* " 'ETTet roivvv ov bvva^ai ere TTtiOeiv (JLTJ eK^et^at, 
 crv be (56e TTOL-TJO-OV, et 6r) Tracra ye avdyKrj d<p6ijvai K- 
 Kifjivov' reroKa yap Kal eya>, reVoKa 6e re^^eoy* roi)ro 
 
 40 jutez; (jf>e'pcoz> irpoOes, TOV be Trjs 'Aoruayeos OvyaTpbs nalba 
 
 owe 
 
 \Vjj,eva eorat. o re yap re^eaK j8ao-tXr/tr7? 4b 
 Kvprf(ri, Kal 6 Treptecbz; OVK aTroXeet rr)z; tyvxyv" Kapra 
 45 re e'Soe ra) /BovKoXy Trpbs ra irapeovTa ev Xeyet^ 77 
 , /cat avTiKa eTiotee TCLVTCL. TOV pJev e^epe ^ararw- 
 a, rouroz> ftez; 7rapa8t6ot 10a r?J ecovrou yvvctiKL' 
 TOV be eaiVTov, eovTa veKpbv, Xafi&v eOrjKe e$ TO ayyos 
 ev ro> e<pepe TOV eTepov' Kocr^rfcra^ be ro> KO'OT^O) Tiavri 
 50 rou eTepov iraibbs, </>e'po)z> ey ro eprjjjLOTaTOv T&V ovpea>v 
 rt^et 10a . wy 6e rptrr; rj^epr] rcS 7rat6to) eKKet/xeVa) eye-? 
 rero, ^te ey TtoXiv 6 /3ovKO\o$, T&V TLVCL irpopoa-Kdov 
 <j)v\aKov CLVTOV KaraXtTrcoz^. e\6<>)v be e$ TOV ^Apirayov, 
 aTrobeiKVVvai etyrj erotjutos eti^at rot) ircubiov TOV veKW. 
 55 Tre'jut^a? 6e 6 f/ Ap7rayoy r<3i> ecouroi; bopv<p6pa)v TOVS 
 TTKTTOTaTovs, elbe re 6ta ro^rcoy, Kat e9a\jse TOV /3ov- 
 KO\OV TO iraibiov. KOL TO pJev eTeOaiTTo' TOV be vo-Tepov 
 TOVT&V Kvpov ovo^acrQevTa TTapaXaf3ov<ra erpe(/>e f] yvvrj 
 TOV POVKO\OV, ovvopa a\\o KOV TI Kat ov Kvpov OejAevr]. 
 
 (B. i. 112, 113.) 
 
 The young Cyrus is so imperious towards his play-fellows, 
 that the father of a child whom he had beaten makes a com- 
 plaint, and Cyrus is brought before Astyages. 
 
STORY OF CYRUS. III. 3. 1$ 
 
 III. 3. 
 
 Kat ore brj ^v o'eKae'rrjs' 6 Traty, TrpTJyjuia 2 * I? airroz; 
 rotoVSe ytvoptvov e^e^rjz/e fjuv. eTratCe Iv rfj KCO/IMJ 
 ravrr] ev rfj fjo-av Kal al /3ouKoAtat arat, eTratfe 8e 
 per dAAcoz> f]\iKtoV tv 66(5* Kat 06 -Traces- Trai&vTts 
 etAouro lcoi;r(3i> jSao-tXea etz/at TOUTOJ; 6r) roz^ roi; j8ov- 5 
 Ko'Aou TTiK\r](nv TraTSa. 6 8e avr&v Stera^e rois fxez; 
 otKta? otKoSo/xeetz;* rois 6e bopv<popovs etz^ar roz^ 6e KOV 
 rti^a CLVT&V, dc^OaX^bv /3aa-tXeos eti^at* ra> 6*e rti't, ra? 
 dyyeXtaj Icrfylptiv tbibov yepas' a>s eKaara) i-pyov TTpocr- 
 el? 6r) TOVTGOV rwz; iraibitov crvjutTrat^a)^, ewz; 1 
 eos Trat?, avbpbs boKtpov tv M?]oi(ri, ov yap 
 6^ 67Totr]cr TO Trpoora^Oev K TOV Kvpov, e/c^Aeue amov 
 
 z/, 6 Kvpos roz; 77at8a rprj^ecoy Kapra 
 jutao-rtyeajz; 9a ' 6 Se, errec re jueret^ 1 * rdxto"Ta, cos ye O"T) 15 
 avaia ZMVTOV 7ra0a>z;, jutaAAoV rt Treptr^juteKree' KareA^wz; 
 5e e? TroAt^, Trpo? roz/ Trarepa aTrotKrcfero rwz; T^TTO Kvpou 
 z, Aeycoy 6^ ov K^pov, (ov yap KCO ^y rovro rov- 
 L,) dAAa Trpos roi; fiovnoXov TOV 'Ao-rvdyeo? TratSos. 
 C O 6e 'Apreju./3ap^s opyr; a>? e?^e eA0a>z/ ?rapa roz^ 'Ao-rvd- 20 
 yea, Kat a/xa dyo/xei^os 1 roi/ Tratda, di^dpcrta 7rp?]yjuiara 6^)77 
 t, Aeycor* " 9 H ^SatrtAei), VTTO roO croft 
 
 rois w//ovs.) 'AKOi;o-as 6e Kat tSwi; 6 ^ 
 rt/xcop7J(rat ra> TiatSl rtfxrj? rrjs 'Apreju/Sdpeos 25 
 a, jutereTre/^Trero rdz; re /BovKO\ov Kat roz; TratSa. 
 eiret re 6*e Traprjo-av a^oTtpoi, /3Ae^as Trpos roz^ Kvpov 
 6 'Acrrvdyr;?, ec^r?* " 2v 6^, ea)^ rouSe TOLOVTOV zovros 
 ais, ero'Ajutrjo-as roz> roi;8e TratSa, eorros -Trpcorou Trap* 
 t, aetKetr; rotrjSe TTtpicnT&v ;" *O 6e d/xet/3ero coe* 30 
 eya> 6e ravra 
 
14 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 OL yAp JU,e K TT]$ K(&fJLr]S TTCLlbtS, T&V KOI 6'6e fjv, TTCit- 
 
 OVT$, o"<eo)i; 6b avT&v ecrTrjcravTO /3a<7tXea. eboKtov yap 
 cr<pi eivai Is TOVTO eVtrr^ecoraros 3 *. ot ^v vvv aXXot 
 35 Traibes ra eTTtraoW/xez/a e7rereXeoz>* OVTOS be avrjKov- 
 oree re, KOL \6yov eT^e ovbzva, $ o IXa^Se rr)z/ biKrjv. 
 et Sz; 8r) ro{56e elW/ca a^tos ri> 6d Ka/coi; et/xt^ a>6e rot 
 
 (B. i. 114, 115.) 
 
 Astyages recognises Cyrus, and having extorted a confession 
 from the herdsman, charges Harpagus with disobedience ; but 
 he makes no show of anger, only he bids Harpagus to dinner 
 with him. 
 
 III. 4. 
 
 Tavra Xtyovros rov Ttaibbs, TOV 'Aoruayea ecnfte ava- 
 yvuxris avrov' KCLL ol o re x a / )aKT ^/ ) 
 Trpoor<ppe(r6ai, boK e? kavrov, K.OL f) viroK 
 flepooreprj etrat' o re \povos -Trjs eK^ecrto? 511 rfj f]\tK.iri 
 
 5 TOV iraibbs eSoKee <rvn/3aiviv. eKTrXayets 1 6e rovrotcrt, 
 eTTt \povov a<p6oyyos rjv. /utoyts 6e 617 Kore az/euet)(0ets > } 
 etTre, 6e\a)v eKTTejuti/rat roy J Apre///3apea, tVa roz; /3ovKO\ov 
 jjiovvov Xa/3a>zj pao-avio-y " 'Apre/x^Sape?, ya> raura 
 TTotrycra), wcrre (re Kat ror 7rat6a roy croy i^rjbev eTTt/xe/x- 
 
 10 <p(r6ai" Tbv jutez/ 6r) 'Apre/x/3apea 'Tre/xTref roz^ 6e 
 Kpoz; ^yoy ecrco ot OtpaTTOVTts, KtXevcravTos TOV 'AcrTva- 
 yeos. e?ret 6e vTreXeXetTrro 6 jSovKoXoy JJLOVVOS, fxowa)- 
 OtVTa Tabe CLVTOV etpero 6 5 Ao"ruay?79, KoOev Xa/3ot ro^ 
 7rat6a, Kat rts etr; 6 Ttapabovs ; 6 6e e^ ecouroiTre e^r; 
 
 15 yzyovtvai, Kal TT]V TKOV<TCLV CLVTOV ert etz/at Trap' ea>vra>. 
 
 avdyKas /uteydXa? aTTtK^eeo-^af a/xa re Xeycor ravra, 
 roto-t bopvtyopOKn Xa/x/3a^etz; CLVTOV. 6 be, ayo- 
 ray dz^ayKay, ovrco 6r) efyaive TOV eoVra Xo'yoz-. 
 
STORY OF CFRUS. III. 4. 15 
 
 rrj a\r]0r]ir] XP ( ^ VOS ' 20 
 Karepaivz h Xtrds re Kat cruyyv^rjv ea>i>ra> 
 
 Orjirjv K(f>rivavTOS, \6yov i]br] Kal eXdcrcrco 
 'ApTrdyo) 6e Kal juteydAws ^^o^vos, KaXeeiz; airoz; 
 rovs Sopvtyopovs eKeAeue. &>s 6e ol iraprjv 6 ''Apirayos, 25 
 etpero juttz; 6 'Aoruayrjs' " f/ A/37ray6, rea) 6 * 6^ /mo/30) roz; 
 TTaiba Karexp^ao 80 , rd*' rot TrapeScoKa e/c Ovyarpbs 
 yeyovora TTJS 6/^79;" *O 6e f/ Ap7rayoj, a>9 t8e TOV fiov- 
 KO\OV Vov tovra, ov TptTrerai, 7rt ^evea 660^, tva JUITJ 
 \y^6iJiVO$ aXicTKrjTaL' dAAa Xeyet rciSe* " 9 vll /BacriXtv, 30 
 7Tt re 7rape\aj3o^ ro Traibiov, /3ov\vov CTKOTTO)^ OKCOS 
 (rot re TTOI^O-CO Kara ro'oz;, Kat eya> -Trpoj o-e ytvopevos 
 Sy /x?]re ^uyarpt r^ crrj jut^re aira) (rot etr^z; 
 teco Sr) c58e. KaXecras 1 roz/ POVKO\OV roz;8e, 
 7rapa8t6a)jott ro Trat^tor, (/>as o~e re eT^at roz/ KeXe^oz^ra 35 
 airoKretyat airo. Kat Xe'yco^ roro ye O^K k^v^o^v 
 CTV yap ez^ere'XXeo 8c ovrco. TrapabibtofJLi JJLZVTOI r(56e Kara 
 ra6"e, e^retXdjuteros OelvaC jottz/ es prj^ov ovpos, Kat Trapa- 
 fjLtvovra (frvXdcrcrtiv a\pi ov reXei;r?7(ref aTretX^a-a? Trai^- 
 rota rwSe, T)^ fxrj ra6e eTrtreXe'a 7rotr]o-7/. eTret re 6e, 40 
 7rot?]oraz;ros rovrov ra KeXevo/xez^a, ereXe^rr;(re ro ?rat6to^, 
 
 VVOV^O)V TOVS TTUTTOTaTOVS, Kttt et6*OZJ 6t' 
 
 V, Kat !0ai/ra jLttr. oi;ra)s eo-^e, S /3acrtXe, -zrept 
 rod TTpriyp.aTO$ TOVTOV' Kat roto^ra) /xopw e^p^craro 6 
 Trats." 45 
 
 ''ApTrayos 1 jotez/ 6^ roz> t^iz; <-<pat,V \6yov. 'Ao"ri>dyi]s 
 Se, KpVTTTtov TOV GG ot ez^et^e xoXoz; 6ta ro yeyoz^os 1 , -TrpcSra 
 jixezj Kara7rep la ^Kouo"e avrbs irpbs TOV /3ovKo\ov ro 
 TTpfjyfjia, 7ra\Lv d^yeero rw 'ApTrdyw' /xera 6e, wy ot 
 eTraXtXXoyr^ro, Kare/3atz/e Xeycoz/, a>s " Trepteo-rt re 6 5 
 Kat ro yeyovbs e\et KaXcas. Ta> re yap 
 
l6 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 ), </>TJ Xeycoz;, es roz/ TraiSa TOVTOV tKafjivov /uteydXco?, 
 Kat Ovyarpl rfj fyrj 6"ta/3e/3XT7/xez;o OVK eV eXa$p<S eVot- 
 VjjLT]V. &s S)V rrjs rvyj]$ V /xereoTeoocrrys 1081 roi;ro juiez;, 
 55 roz/ crecouroi; 7rat8a airoire^ov Ttapa rov 7rat8a ro^ vr\- 
 \vba' TOVTO 6, (o-<3ar/)a yap roi; TratSo? /xcAA.0) ^vetr 
 rt/x?) ai)V^ Trpoo-Keerat,) irdpLo-Oi /xot em 
 
 (B. i. 116-118.) 
 
 But Astyages meanwhile slew the son of Harpagus, and 
 made savoury meat of his flesh, and after the dinner he 
 showed the horror-struck father what he had been feast- 
 ing on. 
 
 III. 5. 
 
 per, o>s T]Kov(r Tavra, Trpo&KVvria-as, Kal 
 ^ on re fj a/xapras ol $ beov eye- 
 b , Kat on em rux]l<rL 5d xprjo-rfio-L tirl beiirvov 
 
 TO> OtKttt. (TX0(*)V 6e TT]V 
 
 5 yap ot -Trat? ts JJLOVVOS, erea rpta Kat 6eKa KOV 
 yeyoz^a)^ ro^roy eKTre'/nret, teWt re KeXevcoz; e? ' 
 yeos 1 , Kat Troteetz^ o rt ai> K.eivos K\vrj. avrbs be 
 \apris <*)v, (ppa^i rrj yvvaiid ra (rvyKVprjcr 
 yrjs 6e, a>9 ot aTrtKero 6 *Ap7rayoi> 7rat9, cr^afas 1 avrov, 
 10 Kat Kara juteAea SteXa)^, ra /xez^ wTrrrycre, ra 6e eS/nycre 
 rwr Kpewz^. e^ruKra 6e TtoirjoraiJLevos, et}(e lrot//a. eTrei 
 re 6e, r?}? aipT]? ytz^o/xe^? roi; btiirvov, iraprjcrav ot re 
 aXXot SatriYxoVes" Kat 6 f/ Ap7rayo9, rotcrt /xez; aXXoicn Kal 
 a^rw 'Aa-rvdyet 7rapert0earo 8a rpa7refat eTrfTrXeat /otr;- 
 ^5 Xetcoy Kpe&V 'ApTrdyw 6e, roi; 7rat8o9 roi; ecovroi;, 7rXr)v 
 KttyaXfjs re Kat aKpcoz; ^etpwz; re Kat 7ro8<3z>, ra aXA.a 
 a' rai;ra 6e \a)pls eKetro e?rt Kaz^ea) KaraKeKaXv/x- 
 ws 8e rcS 'ApTrdyw e6oKee aXty e'x^t^ rrjs fiopfjs, 
 etpero' jmty, e fjo-Qtirj rt r^ ^ot^r/' <j)ap,vov 6e 
 
STORF OF CYRUS. III. 6. 17 
 
 'Apirayov Kal Kapra f)o-6r)vai, 7rape</>epozJ, roun irpocre- 20 
 /cetro, Trjv KetyaXrjv TOV TTaibbs KaTaKeKaXv^evriv, Kal 
 ras \etpas Kal TOVS Trobas* "Apirayov be eKeXevov Trpo- 
 oraWes' aTTOKaAuTrreiz' re Kal Xa/3elv TO /3ouAera& avT&v. 
 6e 6 "Apirayos, KOL airoKaXviTTtov, opa rov 
 ra Act/x/xara* t6a)i/ 8e, ovre teir\ayr], tvros re 25 
 oi; yt^erat. etpero 6e avrbv 6 'Aoruayr]?, et 
 
 6r]piov Kpca ^^p(&KOi. 6 be KOL 
 ], Kal apeo-rbv elvai TTCIV TO &v fiacnXevs epbrj. TOV- 
 TOLCTL be afjLL\l/dfji,evos, KOL avaXafitov ra Xoma T&V Kpe&v, 
 file 69 ra ot/aa. evQevTev 1 * be e/xeAXe, a>s cyw boKea, aXt- 30 
 a-as 0d\lseiv ra Tra^ra. (B. i. 119.) 
 
 Meanwhile Harpagus nursed his revenge, and when Cyrus 
 was grown up, he sent him a secret letter, calling on him to 
 put himself at the head of the Persians, and revolt from 
 Astyages. 
 
 III. 6. 
 
 To) 6e Kvp(p Statrco/xeVo) ev Hepo-ycn /3oi>Ao/xei>os 6 
 Ap?rayos brjX&crai TJ]V eo&VTOv yv<6p,r]v, aAAco? p,ev ovba- 
 fxais elx.*y ^Te T&V ob&v 
 TQ.I TOLovbe. \aybv 5f 
 TOVTOV Tr\v yacrrepa, Kal ovbev aTrortAas 1 , &s be el\e, 5 
 ovrco eo-eOrjKe /St/SAfou, ypa\jsa$ ra ol eboKee. airoppd^as 
 be TOV \ayov Tqv yaorepa, Kal biKTva bovs, are 
 rwz; otKerecoz; rw Trto-rorara), aTreVreiAe es TOVS 
 erretAa/xero? ol aTro yAaSorcrr/s 6t6orra roy \aybv Kvpa 
 eneme'iv, avTo\ei,pir] ^iv 6teAetz/, Kal nrjbeva ol ravra 10 
 TioievvTi Trapewai,. Tai;ra 6e 6"r) 3>v eTrtreAea eytVero* 
 Kat 6 Ki^os TtapaXafltov TOV \aybv dz/eo-;(Kre. evp&v 
 be ev avTto TO fiipXLov evebv lol) , Aa/3wz; evreAeyero. ra 
 6e ypd/x/xara eAeye rciSe* "*& ^at Ka/z^^o-eco, o-e yap 
 eTTOpeaxrt 90 ' ov yap ay Kore ey TOOTOVTOV TVXJIS 15 
 C 
 
1 8 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 amKei> 4a . cry vvv 'Aoruayea roz> crecouroi) <povca rural. 
 Kara /xez> yap TTJV TOVTOV TTpoOvufyv T0vr]K.as' TO be Kara 
 Oeovs re Kat e/ixe Treptets. ret ere Kat TrdXat 6oKeco TraVra 
 eK/xe/xa^KeVat, o-e'o re a^rou Trept a)? eTrpi^x^ 2 % Kat ota 
 20 eyw TTTTO 'Acrrvayeos TreTrovOa, on ere OVK cnreKreira, 
 dXXa e8a)Ka r(5 /3ovKo\(j). crv vvv TJV j3ov\r] e/xot -rret- 
 
 ap^et?. ITep(ras yap avaTtzio-as aTTicrTao-Oai, crrparrj- 
 Xciree e?rt M^Sov?' Kat ^z; re eyo> VTTO 'Ao-riayeo9 aTro- 
 25 5ex0e'a> 8d o-rpaTrjybs avrta vtv, eort rot ra aa> /3o7;Xeat 8c ^ 
 ^y re ra>z; rts 6oKt/xa)z/ aXXoj MT^COZ/. Trpcorot yap ovrot 
 aTTOcrra^re? aTr' eKeivov, Kal y^vo^voi Trpoy creo 'Ao-rva- 
 yea Karatpeet^ la Tretp^o-orraf ws Sz^ erot/xou rov ye 
 v6ab ovros, Trotee raOra, Kat Trotee Kara raxo^-" 
 
 (B. i. 123, 124.) 
 
 Astyages was mad enough to send Harpagus to suppress 
 the revolt which ensued, but he deserted to the side of the 
 Persians, who then made an easy conquest of the Medes. 
 
 Then follows a long list of the triumphs of Cyrus. Har- 
 pagus, having been appointed his general, reduces the Lydians 
 and lonians who had revolted, while Cyrus pursues his con- 
 quests in Upper Asia, and declares war against Labynetus 
 King of Babylon. 
 
 On his march he must cross the river Gyndes, and he wastes 
 a whole summer in dividing its waters into 360 petty stream- 
 lets, because one of the sacred horses was washed away by its 
 rapid current. 
 
 III. 7. 
 
 'E^ret re 6e 6 Kvpos Tropevo'/xezw err! rr)z; Ra/BvXQva 
 
 eytz/ero ITT! Tvvbri Trora/xo), rot) at /xez> wiryal ev Martrj- 
 
 z/ota-t o#peo-t, pe'et Se 6ta Aap5az>eW, eKSt6ot 10a 8e e? 
 
 erepoz; irora^bv Ttypty. TOVTOV 8r) rbv Tvvbr]v TTOTCL^OV 
 
 K ws biaj3aivLv eTietparo 6 Kvpos, eoz/ra vr\v(r\ 
 
STORY OF CYRUS. III. 8. 19 
 
 ot r&v rts Ip&v "TTTTMV T&V XevK&v VTTO vfipios 
 <r/3a$ es rbv 'nora^ov^ ftiafialveiv ejretparo. 6 be IJLLV 
 vTrofipv^Lov ol\toKee sl) <pepa>v. -Kapra re by 
 ra> 7rora/>t(p 6 Kvpos TOVTO vfiptcravTL, Kat 
 ot eTrryTretX^cre, ovru> brf fjav ao-Qevea Trot^cret^j coare rot; 10 
 AOITTOI; KOL yvvoLKas piv e^Trerecoy, ro yovv ov j3p\ovcras, 
 ai. /xera 6e rrjv a7ret\r)y, /xerel? 1 * rrjv 7rt 
 (Trpareva-iv, biaipee TTJV OTpart^v bi\a. 6te- 
 
 Kal ZKCLTOV -Trap' tKareppv TO \l\o 
 ro{5 F^SfO) Trdira rpotrov. biaTaa$ be TOV crrpa- 
 6pv(T(TLV K.e\V. ola be 6/xtXou TToXXov cpya^o- 
 ?jvTo juter TO epyov, ojutcos HCVTOI rrjv Oepeirjv 
 7ra(rav avrov ravrr] b^rp^av epyafo/ixez/ot. 
 
 (B. i. 189.) 
 
 The Babylonians are driven within their massive walls, 
 prepared to stand a siege, if need be, for years. But Cyrup 
 diverted the water from the Euphrates, and the Persians, 
 entering by the river-bed, surprised the careless citizens in 
 the midst of their revels. 
 
 III. 8. 
 
 'Us 6e TOV Tvvbrjv iroTa^bv erto-aro Kvpos, Is rpirj- 
 Koo-tay Kal kr\K.ovTa JJLIV OLtopv\as diaAa/Swz/, KOL TO 
 beuTpov lap ^TreXajutTre, OVTO> brf tfXavvt tm TYJV Ba/3v- 
 \&va. ol be Ba/3vXa>^tot eKorparevo-ajute^ot, epevov CLVTOV. 
 7766 6e eyeveTO e\avvu>v ay\ov Trjs TroXtos^ (ruvefla\6v 5 
 re ot Baj8i>Xcoz;tot, Kat ecrorcoOevTes TTJ paxy* KaretX^- 
 6r](rav es ro aarv. ota 6e e^eTrtora/^ez/ot Irt TtpoTepov 
 TOV Kvpov OVK drpe/xtforra, dXX' 6peoz;r6s 9b CLVTOV Trarrl 
 e^z/t ojLtotco? eTTix.i,peovTa, 7rpo(raavTO <rma erecoz; 
 Kcipra TToXXwz/. 'Er^ai;ra oroi jutez; Xo'yoz; ctx. ^ T^S 10 
 ovbeva* Kvpos be cbropt'r/crt evei\eTo, are 
 C 2 
 
20 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 Xpovov re eyytz/o/xeVou vvxyov, dz/corepo) re ovbtv rwz; 
 
 7rp77yju,dra)z> TrpOKOTrro/jteVcoz/. Eire brj 3>v dAAos o& diro- 
 
 ptovTi vntOriKaTO, ere KCU avrbs e/xa0e ro 
 
 15 01 ^, e-Troiee 6*7) roioV6e. rd^as rr)z> aTparir)z> 
 
 eg ^/3o\rjs rov Trora^ov, rfj es r^V TroAtr ecr/3aAXet, Kat 
 avrt? r^y Tro'Aios ra^ay erepovy, rr; e^tet e/c rrj? 
 6 TTora/xos* TrpoetTre rw o-rparw, oraz; bLaparbv 
 TO pttOpov t6coz^rat yevo^vov, ea-tez/at rcwrrj ey r^ 
 20 TToXiv* ovrco re 6^ rd^ay, Kal Kara raOra 
 
 vi'e avrbs orvv rw axprji^ 4 ^ TOV crTparov. 
 6e e?rt r^y Atjuu^zj, ^y ^ Ba^SvAcoz^tcoz; 
 
 Kal roz/ TroTapov b^pv^L e(rayaya>z; es r^z/ 
 \(liVT]V eovcrav e'Aos, ro apyjalov petOpov bia/Barbv etz/at 
 25 7roir]cr, virovoQ-TrjcravTOs TOV Trora/xou. yevo^ivov 6e 
 ro^rou roto^rou, ol ETepcrat, otTrep ererdxaro 8a e^r' a^rw 
 ro^ra), Kara ro pp6ov TOV E^p^reco -Trora/xoO, VTTO- 
 vevocTTr] KOTOS avbpl &s e? fjL<rov p,r]pbv /xaAicrra KTJ, Kara 
 rovro ecr77to-az; lod es rr)z/ Ba/3t>Aa)z;a. Et jutez; zw Trpoe- 
 30 TTV00VTO, rj fj.a6ov ol Ba/3i;A&jz/toi ro eK ro(5 
 7roiVfJivov, ovb* av TrepubovTes Tovs Tlp(ras 
 es rrjz; TroAtz; bityOeLpav KaKto-ra. KaraKA^tVaz/res yap 
 az> 7rd(ras raj ey roz> Trora/xoz/ TrvAtSay exowa?, Ka6 
 airot eTrl ray at/xacrtas ava(3dvT$ ra? ^rapa ra x i\a 
 35 rov TTOTafjiov eA^Aa/xe^a?, eAa/3oz; dz^ o-<ea? ws ez; KvpTrj. 
 vvv 6 ef CLTT poo-bo KTJTOV <r<pt, TrapecrTTjo-av ol Ilepom. 
 s 2b rr/s '?roAtos > , a>s Aeyerat VTTO r&jz/ ra^rr/ 
 V 9 T&V 7Tpl TO, ecr^ara r^y TroAtos eaAcoKoVcoi', 
 ro [Jio-ov otKeoz^raj ra>y Ba/3vAcoz>iW o^ pavQavtiv 
 40 eaAcoKoras' dAAa (rv^etz; yap o~0t eoOcra^ 6prr)z; 4f ) 
 yopevtiv re rouroz/ roz^ ^povov, Kal v e^Tra^etr/crt eivai, 
 s o brj Kal ro Kapra tTtvOovTO, Kat Ba^SuAcbz; /xez; o#rco 
 rore irp&Tov dpatpr^ro. (B. i. 190, 191.) 
 
STORY OF CYRUS. III. 9. 21 
 
 Intoxicated by his successes, Cyrus desired to annex Scythia 
 to his empire. He made an expedition against the Massa- 
 getae, and their widowed queen Tomyris. 
 
 Tomyris is quite willing to risk a battle with him ; she will 
 either let him cross the Araxes into her country, or will 
 advance with her army into his. 
 
 III. 9. 
 
 Hz; 6e, TOV avbpbs airoOavovTos, yvvrj T&V Mao-era- 
 yTcov /3acrtAeta* Topvpis ol j\v ovvo^a. TavTrjv Tre/xTrcozj 
 6 Kvpos p,vaTO TO) Xoyo). f] be Tofjivpis (Tvvielva OVK 
 fjiiv fJivdfjievov, aXXa rr]v M.acr(TajeT^v (Bao-iXrjtrjv, 
 
 rrjv irpoo-obov. Kvpos 6 jutera roOro, a$j ot 5 
 ov Trpoextoptz, cXao-as enl rbv 'Apa^ea, eTroteero 
 /c TOV fycfraveos tirl TOVS Macro-ayera? o-rparrjirjv, ye- 
 (pvpas re vyvvu>v lo& 7rl TOV Trora/xoi;, 
 crrpara), Kat Trvpyov? ITT^ TrXotcoz; r5z; 
 TOV TTOTa^jibv otKoSojoteojoteroy. 10 
 
 e 01 TOVTOV TOV TTOVOV, irefjityacra f) TO'JUU>/HS 
 a, e\"/ Tabe* ((<f l pa&iXev M^coz;, Ttavcrai (nrev- 
 
 TCL 0-7TVOl$' OV "/CLp CLV et6et7]S 10c 66 TOL S KaLpOV 
 
 TavTa TeXevfJitva**" Traucrajixez/oy 6e, /3acrtAei>e rwz/ 
 i;, Kat ^//eas av^V opeav ap^ovTas T&V irep 15 
 
 OVK 3>v 6^eX?](r6t5 ^770^^770-6 Trjoribz \paa-6ai, 
 aX\a TTdvTa p,aX\ov rj bi f)<rv\[r]s etvai, o-v be el //-e- 
 TpoGv^teai 8c Macrcrayerecoz/ TTi,pr]6fjvat,, (frtpe, 
 
 JLV 9 TOV fytlS VyVVS l0& TOV TTOTafJiOV, a(jf)6S* 
 
 cri) 6e, f]fji(dv ava^prjcrdvTo^v aTro roi; Trora/xou TpL&v 20 
 z/, bid(Baiv es TT^Z; fjp,Tpr]v. 66 6 
 aXXov 6? rr)z/ vjJitTtprjv, o~v 
 roi;ro 7ro6 / 66." Tawra 6 d/cowa? 6 K^po?, crvv 
 
 ttov TOVS Trpcorovj* (rvvayeipas be TOVTOVS, $ filcrov 
 
 TO 7Tp^y//,a, (TV^povXtVO^tVOS OKOTpa 25 
 
22, SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 'TTOter/. T&V be Kara T&VTO al yr<S/xat crvv 
 Ke\evovT(*)v ecrbeKecrOaL la Topvpiv re Kat rov arparov 
 
 avrrjs es TT)V \<6pr]v. 
 
 (B. i. 205, 206.) 
 
 Croesus, who was still in attendance on Cyrus, is urgent on 
 him to follow Tomyris into her own country, recommending 
 him to leave his camp stored with savoury meats and wine in 
 abundance, that the Massagetae might become an easy prey 
 after a long debauch. 
 
 III. 10. 
 
 Tlapttov be Kat i^e^o^evos TJ]V yv&\vr\v Tavrrjv Kpot- 
 cros 6 Avbbs, airebeiKwro evavriliv rrj TrpOKetjute 
 Xcycov rdbe' "*l /3acrL\V, elirov /xez/ Kat 
 rot, ort eTret /xe Zei)? e6a)Ke rot, ro av 6p&) cr^aX^a tbv 
 5 O^KO) r<5 <r(5, Kara ^vva^iv anoTptyeiv. ra 6e /xot 77a07)- 
 /xara, tovra a^dpira, juta^ftara ey6yo^ 8b . Et jmi; 
 aflcbaros 6oKts eTi'at, Kat o-TpaTirjs ToiavTrjs apyjeiv, 
 ovbev av t?] 7rp?}y/xa yz;a>/xa5 e/xe o-ot aTro^at^ecr^at. et 
 6e ly^coKay ort av6pu>7to$ Kat o~i) ets 1 , Kat erepa)!; rotate 
 
 10 apX.6t9, 6KtZ^O TTp&TOV }J,a0, &$ t KVK\OS T&V avOptoTTrjitoV 
 
 ecrrt Trpr^yjuidrcoy Treptc^epo/xe^os 6e, O^K ea atet roi)? 
 . rjbrj 3>v eya) yz/co/xryz; Ix^ 'Trepl ro 
 TTp^yjotaro? ra IjutTraXtz; ?) ovrou el yap 
 (rbeaar6at. rovs iroXe^Covs e? rr)z; X^P 7 ?^ 
 15 o6e rot IT; a^ra> Kivbvvos eve eo-(ra>6els i** 
 X?;6t9 'Traoraz; r^ apyr\v bfj\a yap 6r), ort 
 Maora-ayerat ov ro OTrto-co fyev^ovrai, dAA' / TT > dp^a? ra? 
 o-as IXwo-t. z;tKcSz; 8e, ov z/tKas roo-oroz;, 00-02; ct bia/3as 
 es rr)v eKeivav, VIK&V Mao-o-ayeray, eTroto <pevyovcri' 
 20 ra)i>ro 4e yap avTiOrjcrto) Ketz>a>, ort z/tK^o-ay rovs avT(,ev- 
 lA.as t^i) r^y dpx^s TTJS To/xvptos. Xcopty re rou 
 v, ai&yjpov Kat OVK avavyjtTov, Kvpov ye TOV 
 
STORY OF CYRUS. III. n. 23 
 
 Ka/z/3vcreco ywai/d eifa^ra viroxopwai rrjs 
 Nw Si; fxot So/ceet, biafiavTas 7rpoeX0eiz> ocroz; az; 
 6e ra8e TroteOz/ray, Treipac 
 yap eya> TtwOavo^ai, Macrcrayerai 
 ayaO&v re ITepcrtKcSz; a-rretpot, Kat KaX& 
 TOVTOIVI Siv rotcrt avftpacri, r&v 
 TroXXa KCLTCLKO^ auras, KGU crKvacraz;ray, Trpo- 
 Oelvai tv rco oTpaTOTre'So) rw Ty/xerepa) 6atra* Trpos 6e, 3 
 Kal Kprjrrjpas a<ei8eoos otz/ov aKprjrov, Kal criria itavrola. 
 TTOLTjo-avras 6e rai5ra, VTroXenroiJitvovs TTJS crrpart^? ro 
 <f)\avpoTaTov, TOVS XOLTTOVS avTL$ Ia> e^ava^p^eiv eTTt ro^ 
 Trorajotoz;. r)z; yap ya> yz^a)//,r;s JUIT) a/xaprco, Keti^ot t6o- 
 /xerot ayaOa TroXXa, rpi^ovrai re ^po? avra, Kat ^jutt^ 3 = 
 ro zvdevTev lb Xetirerat aTro6ef 6? 3d epycoz; /xeyaXcoz;." 
 
 (B. i. 207.) 
 
 Cyrus follows the advice of Croesus, crosses the Araxes, 
 and defeats the Massagetae in battle. Among the captives 
 was Spargaplses, son of Tomyris. 
 
 III. 11. 
 
 aSrat orz/e'crracrai;. Kpos 6e, Berets r?/z/ 
 V) ri)v Kpotcrov 6e eXojutez^os', irporjyoptve 
 >y avroi; bia/Brjo-o^vov e?r' eKet- 
 1^971;. ^ /xez; 6r) e^az/ax^pee, Kara la VTreVxero Trpcora. 
 Ki;po9 6e, Kpotcroz; e? ras \elpas ecr^et? ra> ecovroi; TratSt 5 
 > ?rep rr)z; /3a(n\.r]Lr]v e6t6ov, Kal ?roAA.a 
 ol ri^av re avroz; /cat ev Troteetr, ^z; ?/ 
 6ta/3acris ^7 e^rt MacrcrayeVa? /XT) opOaOfj' ravra ez/retXa- 
 pevos, Kat, aTTOcrret'Aas ro?;roD9 es ITepcras, avros 6ie'/3atz;e 
 roz; TTorajotoz;, /cat 6 crrparoy avrov. 10 
 
 KiJpoy 6e 7rpoeX0wz; aTro rov 'Ap^eco rj^prjs obbv, 
 eTrotee ras Kpotcrou vTroOrjKas. /xera 6e rai;ra, 
 
24 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 T Kal TltpffttoV TOV KaOapOV (TTpCLTOV a7T\a(TaVTOS O7TL- 
 
 crco 7rt TOZ> 'Apdea, XeityOtvTos be TOV a\pr]iov, eTreA- 
 1 B Oovcra T&V MaaxrayeTecoz; rpirrj/xopts TOV o~TpaTov t TOVS 
 
 T \L(j)0VTaS T7JS KvpOV (TTpaTLTJS (j)6vV dAefojUte^OUS, 
 Kal TrjV TTpOKllJLVr]V lboVTS 8(UTa, O)S t\lp&<TaVTO TOVS 
 S, K\10VT$ bdlVVVTO* TT\r]pU>0VT$ 6 
 
 olvov, evbov. ol 8e Hepcrat TT\06vTS 
 
 Kal aAAovy, /cat TOV Trjs /Ba(ri\ir]s Topvpios 
 iralba, orpar^yeozra Macrcrayerccor, r(3 ovvopa rjv 
 2,7rapyaTTi(rr]s. (E.i. 208, 211.) 
 
 Tomyris sends a bitter menace to Cyrus, and taunts him 
 with his dishonourable and unsoldierlike victory. Spargapises 
 prays that his hands may be unbound, and instantly uses his 
 liberty to destroy himself. 
 
 III. 12. 
 
 C H 6e, 7rv6o[ji,vri TOL T Trepl rr\v or/xmrjz; ycyo^ora 
 Kat ra Trept TOV TratSa, TT^irovcra KTjpvKa irapa Kvpov, 
 eAeye rd8e* ' cV A7rArycrr at/xaroy Kvpe. jjirjbev eirapOfjs 
 ra) yeyo^ort ra)8e Trp^yftart, 6 d/xTreAtz/a) KapTrw, rw 7Tp 
 
 5 avrot jjL7rnrXd}jLVoi lAaivto-Qe OVTU> ware KaTiovTos TOV 
 olvov 9 TO (rwfxa, 7rava7r\toiv vjuv eTrea Ka/ca, roto^ra) 
 ^>apjutaK&) 6oAa>(7a9, eKpdri^cra? TratSos rou e/xoi;, dAA' ov 
 /xd^r] Kara TO KapTepov. vvv >v pev V frapaivovo-r]s 
 i>7r6\a/3 TOV Xoyov. airobovs jutot Toy 7rat8a, a7rt^6 AC 
 
 10 r^o-8e TTJs 1 X^P^s d^/xto?, Macro-ay Tcoz; TpiTrjjjLopibi TOV 
 (TTpaTOv KaTvfipio-as 1 *. i be /xr) TawTa (ri> irot?7(r6t9, 
 rj\iov 7r6fJLVVjj,i TOL TOV Macro-ay eTecoy ^ea-TroTryi', ^ ju,r)z> 
 o-e lyot), Kal aTT\rjo-Tov coWa, at/xaTos Kopecrco." Ki;p05 
 fxez; uiw T<Si' ZTretov ovbeva TOVTMV avVi 
 
 <5 \6yov. 6 6 T?J9 /3ao-tAetr;s Topvpios nals 
 
STORY OF CYRUS. III. 13. 25 
 
 do? fjiiv o re otvos avrJK, Kal e/xafle tva fjv KCLKOV, 
 Kvpov K T&V beo-fji&v XvOfjvai, ert^e* &$ 8e eXvflrj re 
 ra^tora /cat T&V yjzip&v eKpdrrjcre, Stepyaferat ecouroy. 
 Kat 6^ ovros /xez; rpoTra) rotovra) reXevra. 
 
 (B. i. 212, 213.) 
 
 Tomyris is victorious after an obstinate fight, and insults 
 the dead body of Cyrus. 
 
 III. 13. 
 
 Tojjivpis 6e, cos ol 6 Kvpos OVK &rifjcov<rc, o-vXXe^acra 
 Tracrav Tr]v u>VTrj$ bvvafjiiv, cruz;e/3aXe Kvpa). ravTrjv 
 rr\v naxjiv, ocrat 6r) /3ap/3apa)y avbp&v ^a\a 
 Kpiva lo^ypOTarrjv ytvevQaC Kal brj Kal 
 oi;ra) TOI;TO yevojjitvov. -Trpwra /xez; yap Xeyerat airov? 5 
 
 a\\ri\ov$ rogevew fx,era 8e, co? cr^t ra 
 e^erero^evro, oru/xTrea-o^ra? rr}(rt alyjjycri re Kat 
 rotcrt eyxetpiStotcri (TW\(rOaC -^povov re 6^ err! TroXXoz^ 
 (rvvzcrravai ^a^o^vovs, Kal ovberepovs e^eXetr <f)V"/LV' 
 reXo? 8e, ot Mao-crayerat Trepteyeroz^ro. ^f re 6r) TroXX^ I0 
 r^? nepa-t/c?}? orpartT)? avroi; ravrry bLecfrOaprj, Kal 8r) 
 Kat avrbs Kvpos reXeura, /3a(rtXei;cras > ra 7rai/ra ero? 
 btovra rpiriKOVTa erea. ao-Kov 8e TrXTjcracra at/xaro? 
 avOpamrjiov Tojutvpty, e6tf^ro ez; rotcrt TtOve&crt, T&V 
 
 Kvpov VZKVV. a>5 8e evpe, eVaTTTJKe 1 * avrov T 5 
 
 s TQV CHTKOV' XvjjLaLvofjievrj 8e ra> z/eKpa), 
 eTreXeye ra8e* ff 2v /xez; e/xe ^coovo-az; re Kat znK<3(7az> ore 
 /uta)(^ aTTcoXecray, TratSa roz/ ejmoz; eXa)^ 8oA.a)* ere 8' eya>, 
 
 Kara7rep la ?]7retXT](ra, at/xaro? Kopecrco." 
 
 (B.i. 214.) 
 
26 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 IV. CAMBYSES IN EGYPT. 
 
 Cambyses, son of Cyrus, marches against Amasis, King 
 of Egypt, either from the mere lust of conquest, or because 
 Amasis palmed off another woman upon him when he had 
 asked his daughter in marriage. Gambyses, having got a safe 
 conduct from the Arab chiefs, made his way to Egypt and 
 found Psammenitus, son of King Amasis who had lately died, 
 awaiting him. 
 
 After an obstinate battle, Gambyses takes the city of 
 Memphis, and the Egyptians and their neighbours surrender 
 themselves. 
 
 IV. 1. 
 
 'Ez; be rco HrjXovcrLto KaAeo/xero) oro/xcm TOV NetAou 
 eorparoTreSeuero ^a/z/x^inros 1 6 'Ajutacrtos Trots, v7ro/xeVa>z; 
 KaufBvcrea. Ol be Ilepo-ai, eTret re Siee'Aao-az> TTJV 
 avvbpov, tfopro TreAas ra>z; AtyuTmooz; <yy 
 5 ovTS gb . l*-ayj] s ^ ye^o/xez/rys 1 Kapreprjs, KOL 
 z afjL<poTp(t>v T&V crrparoTreScoi' 7rXrfOl 7ro\\&v, erpa- 
 
 TTOZ/TO OL AlyVTTTLOL. 
 
 Ol $ AlyVTTTLOL K Tr)$ M^X 7 ? 9 ? ^ 
 
 ovbevl /coV/xo). KdTL\r]6VTa)V be 
 
 10 ava TTorajjibv KajjL/3vcrr]s Va 5h M.vri,Xr]vair]v, Krjp 
 ayovarav avbpa TLepo-rjv, $ ofJLO^oyirjv TrpOKaXeofjLevos 
 AlyvTTTiovs. ol be, eirei re TJ\V vea etbov (T\6ov(rav es 
 rr]v Me/>t^)tr, KXuOVTS aXees K TOV ret'xeoy, TTTJV re 
 yea bi(f)0Lpav, Kal TOVS avbpas Kpeovpyrjbbv bLacnrd- 
 
 15 cravres, etyopeov es ro ret^os. Ka^ AtyvTmot fjJev /utera 
 rovro 7fo\LOpKV^VOL, XP V( ? f nap(TTr](Tav. Ot 6e Trpocr- 
 e)(e'es AtySves, beio-avres ra Trept rrjz; AtyuTrroz; ye- 
 yoz^ora, irapeboo-av o-<e'as avrovs a/xax^rt* Kat 
 re eraaz>ro, /cat 6<Spa eire^irov. a>s 6e KvprjvcuoL 
 
CAMBYSES IN EGYPT. IV. 2. 27 
 
 BapKatot, beicravTts 6/xotcos a Kat ol At/3ves, erepa 20 
 rotai>ra 7roirj(rav. (B. iii. 10-13.) 
 
 Psammenitus, sitting at the gate of Memphis, watched with 
 dry eyes his daughter go into slavery, and his son being taken 
 to execution such sorrow lay too deep for tears. But he 
 broke down on seeing the beggary and distress of an old 
 friend. Cambyses restored the king to favour, but he was 
 found fomenting a revolt, and was put to death, by being 
 forced to take a draught of bull's blood. 
 
 IV. 2. 
 
 'H/xep?? 6"e beKaTrj aif rjs TrapeXape TO ret^os TO kv 
 M[ji(pL Kajjipvo-rjs, KaTicras 1 * es TO irpoacTTZLOv eTrt 
 TOV /3ao-tA.ea T&V AlyvnTi^v ^ajut/x^troz 
 IJLijvas e^, TOVTOV KartVa? (rvv a\Xoi(n 
 6t67Ttparo avTov TTJS iffvxys, Trotecoi; rotate. oretXas 5 
 avTov Tr)v Ovyarepa <r6f]Ti bov\r]irj, efeTre/XTre CTT' vbcop 
 vbprjLov' (ruveTre^Tre be KCU aAXas TtapOtvovs 
 s avbp&v T&V Trpcorcor, 6/>tota)j eo-raXfxe^as TTJ 
 TOV j3acn\os. a)? 6e ^80^ re KOL K\av6fj,<*> Ttapriicrav at 
 
 Trapa TOVS Trarepay, ot ^\v aAXot mirepes ave- 10 
 re Kat CLvreKXaiov, opeovTes TO, TZKVO, KeKCtKco/zez/a' 
 6 be ^a/xjot^tros 1 , TrpotSwy Kat /xa#a)z;, KV\f/e es r^z; y^. 
 6e ro>z; vopocfroptov, btvTtpa ol TOV 
 /xer' aXAcoz; AlyviTTLaiv 6t(7)(tXta)z; rr]Z> 
 e^ovToov, TOVS re av^evas KaA&) 5f 6e6e- 15 
 s, Kat ra crro/xara eyKexaAt^oo/xei/ouy. ^yoz>ro 6e 
 TL(rovT$ MvrtAr/z/atcoz; rotcrt ez/ Mejut(/)t aTroAonxe- 
 i/otcrt criw r?j vr]i 5h ' raura yap tbiKao-av ol /3a(rtA7]tot 
 6tKaa-rat, i^Trep avbpbs eKacrrov 6eKa AtyuTrrtcoz; r<S// 
 Trpwrcoz; avTairoXXvcrOai. 6 be, Ibav Trapc^toVras', Kat 20 
 fjia6<i)v TOV Ttalba ayiveo^evov evrt OCLVCLTOV, T&V aXXav 
 T&V 7reptKarr7/xez/o)i' la CLVTOV, K\aLovTO)v Kat 
 
38 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 beiva TroievvTcov, T&VTO eTroirj&e TO Kat em rfj Ovyarpi. 
 TrapeXOovTtov be Kal TOVTMV, crvvrjveiKe coore r&v crujui- 
 25 Trorecoz; ot avbpa d7rr;XtKcrrepoz/ la , iKTreTmoKo'ra IK r<3i> 
 eovTow, e%ovTa T ovbev, el /XT) ocra Tmoxos, Kat Ttpoa-- 
 aiTeovTa rrjv arrparLr]v, TrapievaL ^ajut/x^troz; re rov 
 'A/xacrto?, Kat TOVS v ra> Trpoaoreta) Karrjfjievovs r&v 
 AlyviTTitov. 6 6e ^a^rjVLTOs W9 6t66, avaK\avcras fxeya, 
 30 Kat KaXeVa? ovvo^an rbv traipov, TrXi]aTO TTJV Ke</>a- 
 X?]z;. 9 Hcraz/ 6' apa CLVTOV <pv\aKOL, ol TO TTOLV^VOV TTCLV 
 Kivov ITT' K.dcrTri 6^o5o) Kafjiftvcrr] karn^aivov. ^co/xxi- 
 cras 3b 6e 6 KajjL/3vcrrj$ ra TTotev/xez/a, Trends ayytXov, 
 tpa>ra CLVTOV, Xeycov ra8e' ff AecriTror^y ere Ka/x^wrys 1 , 
 35 ^a/x/XT^tre, etpcora, Stort 6^ TTJZ; //,z/ OvyaTtpa opeaiv 
 v t Kat TOZJ 7rat6a l-TTt OCIVCLTOV (TTi\ovTa, OVTZ 
 a , owe aireKXavcras' TOV 8e TTTaybv, ovbzv (rot 
 s aXXcov 7rvv0dvT(u, crt/x^o-as ; "'O /xa> 
 6^ ravra e^etpcora, 6 8' d/xet/Sero rotcr^e* " 9 Q Trat 
 40 Ki;poi>, ra /xez/ otK?]ta 771; />i6^a) 3d KaKa ^ cocrre avaK.XaUiv % 
 TO 8e roi; eratpov TreVflos, a^toz; ^y baKpvw oy IK 
 re Kal evbai^ovcov eKTreo-a)!/, e? 
 y?7/)ao9 5g 0^80)." Kat raOra &>s aT 
 v, eS SoKeetz; ot elprjo-Oai. ws 1 8e Xeyerat VTT' 
 45 AtyuTrrtcoz/, baKpveiv p,v 'Kpolcrov, erer?;x e8b 7P Ka ^ 
 ovro? 7ncnroiJivos Ka^fBvcrri ITT' AtyuTrroz^, ftaKpveiv be 
 FTe/Kreo)!/ rovy irapeovTas' ara> re Kan/Briery eo-eXOelv 
 TWO,, Kat avTLKa KeXevew TOV re ot Traiba IK rwi' 
 crco^et^ Kat avTov IK ro Trpoao-retou dz^a- 
 50 (TTricraLVTaSj ayeiv Trap' ewuroV. Toy fxe^ 8?) TratSa evpoz; 
 ot [jieTLOvTes ovKtTi TTepieovTd, aXXa irptoTov KaraKOTre^ra" 
 CLVTOV be ^awfiviTov avao-TricravTes, rjyov Trapa Ka/ut- 
 fivarea' ev6a TOV XOLTTOV 6tatraro, excoy oiiSez/ /Biaiov. el 
 be Kat r)TTL(TTrjOr] jut^ TroXvirprjyiJLOveeLV, aireXafie &v At- 
 
CAMBYSES IN EGYPT. IV. 3. 29 
 
 yvTtrov, wore eTTtrpoTreveti/ avrrjs. e7ret Tipav ecoflacrt 55 
 Ilepo-at T&V /SacrtXecoz; TOVS iraibas, T&V, r\v feat crfatov 
 a7roo-rea>Grt 8d , o/xo)? roicrt ye 7rato-t avr&v a7ro6t6o(n 10a 
 rr)z/ apxtfv* vvv 8e ^rj-^av^evos KCLKO, 6 
 lAa/3e TOZJ jJuo-OoV aTTto-ra? yap AtyvTrrtous TjfAa>. 
 re 6e eTratoro? eye'i/ero wo Kajm/Sweco, at/xa ravpov 60 
 ma>y, aTteOavz irapayjpriiMi. OVTOD 6"r) ovro? IreXevr^cre. 
 
 (B. iii. 14-16.) 
 
 After this, Cambyses entered on that career of impiety 
 which was sure to bring down the vengeance of heaven. He 
 sacrilegiously burned the body of his old enemy Amasis, and 
 began to plan wild schemes of conquest. 
 
 He sent spies men of the tribe of Ichthyophagi, because 
 they understood the Ethiopian language to report upon the 
 power of the Ethiopians, and to carry gifts to the king, 
 a robe of purple dye, a golden necklace, bracelets, a box 
 of perfume, and a cask of wine. But the king sent him back 
 a taunting answer. 
 
 IV. 3. 
 
 'E? TOVTOVS 6r) 3>v TOVS avbpas o>? dm/coiro 06 'Ix#vo- 
 t, bibovres ra 6a>pa rco /3acrtX6 avT&v, eAeyozJ rdoV 
 6 Ilepo-eW Kafji/Bv(rr]s, /3ot>Xo/xe^o5 <tA.os rot 
 ^elvos ytvevQai, ^/jteas re a7re7re/x\^e, ej Aoyoi;? rot 
 KCU 6(Spa ravrd rot 6t6ot 10a , rotcrt Kat 5 
 ^'Serat Xj 06 ^^ 6 ^ ^" *O ^^ Al6io\l/, 
 on KaroVrat rJKOiev, Xeyet Trpos a^roi;? rotate* 
 6 riepcrea)^ ^ao-tXevs 1 StSpa v^eas e7re/x,\/re ^>e'- 
 povras, Trport/xecoz; 'TroXAoi; e/xot elvos yV6(T0aL' OVT 
 ets Xeyere dXr^^ea, ^icere yap KaroTrrat r?j9 e/x^s 10 
 
 oiJre tKtivos avrjp ecrrt StKatos* et yap' 771; 6t/cato?, 
 r' ai> eTre^/xrycre \<&pi]s aXXqs rj rrjs ecouroi;, oiJr' az; ey 
 vXocn^TjzJ av0p(&7TOV$ r\y vif &v jj,rjbv rjbiKrjrai. vvv 
 aira) TOOV ro6e 8t6o^re9, ra6e eTrea Xeyere' Bao-tXei)? 
 
30 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 15 O AWiOTT&V (TV}JL/30V\VL TO) Hep(T(t)V 
 
 ovTM euTrerecos- Ajca><n TO, Toa Ilepom eoVra /xeyd0ei' 2b 
 roo-airra, ro're CTT' AWtOTras rov? Ma/cpo/3t'oi>s TrX^e'i 
 VTTp/3a\XofJivov (TTpaTV(r6ai. ^XP L ^ TOVTOV, Otolcri 
 etSez/ai yjipiv, ol OVK em rooz; rpaTrofo-t 215 Atflio'moz; 
 20 'Trato't y^z/ a\\.r]v irpocrKTacrOaL rfj ecourwz;. 33 Ta(;ra 6e 
 y, Kat d^et? ro ro^ov, Trape'Sco/ce rot(rt rJKOva-i. Xa/3a>z; 
 TO et/xa ro Trop<pvpov, etpcora o rt etr;, Ka6 o/cco? 
 
 7Tpl TTJS 7rop(f>vpr]s KOL rr/9 
 
 25 roi)s avOptoirovs e^>r/ eTrat, boXepa b% avr&v ra et/xara. 
 bevrepa 6e, roz; XP V(T0 ^ V etpwra CTT^TTTOV rov 
 z^tor, Kat ra \j/\La. e^yeo/xe^wz; 6e ra>z; 9 l\0 
 TOV KOCTfAOv avT&v, yeAaVcis 6 jSao-tXei)?, Kat 
 zlvai (T(f)a 7re6ay, etTre wy Trap' Icourotcrt ctcrt pc 
 
 30 repat TOVTMV 7re6at. rpirov be, etpwra ro pvpov. el- 
 TravTMv 6e rij? Trot^crtos 1 Trepi Kat aA-en/ao?, roy avTov 
 \6yov TOV Kal Trepl rou tfyaros etTre. a>s 6e es roz; oTz^oz; 
 at Tru0To avrov T7]v 7foir](riv, virtprjcrOels ra> 
 eTretpero o rt re crtreerat 6 /BacriXevs, Kal \povov 
 
 35 OKOO-OZ; IC (jLdKpoTCLTOV avrjp Hepo-rys fcoet. ot Se crtreecr^at 
 jutez; roz; aprov enraz/, l^yT/o-a/xe^ot raiz; Ttvp&v rrjv 
 oySwKoz^ra 6' Irea fo^s 7rAr}pa)/xa dz^5pl 
 7rpoK(r6ai. irpbs ravra 6 AlOio 
 feti> 3b , et (7treo/x6z;ot KOTrpoz/, erea 
 
 40 yap az> ro(rai;ra bvvao-6ai ^coety ax^ea?, et jut^ rco Trd/xart 
 av<j)pov, (frpafav rotcrt 9 l^dvo(j)dyoL(n TOV olvov* TOVTO 
 yap Icovroi)^ VTTO IlepcreW eo-(roi;o-^at. (B. iii. 22.) 
 
 Cambyses, transported with anger, sent against the Ethiq- 
 pians an army so ill supplied that in the terrible stress of 
 famine they had to turn cannibals. Another host sent against 
 the Ammonians perished in a sand storm. 
 
CAMBYSES IN EGYPT. IV. 4. 31 
 
 IV. 4. 
 
 AVTLKCL b'e 6 Kajot/3vo-r]9, opyrjv TroiTjcrajuiezw, eorpa- 
 revero em TOVS AWioTras* ovre Trapao-Kevrjv CTLTOV 
 ovbepiav TrapayyetXas, OVTZ Xoyoz> ICODTCO bovs, on es 
 ra Icr^ara Trjs yrj? e/zeXXe o-Tpareveo-Qai. ota 8e eju- 
 juta^j re Icbz; Kal ov (f)pvripris, a>s ^KOVC rwz; 'Ix^oc^a- 5 
 ycor, (TTpaTVTO, < EXA?]z/coi' /X6Z/ roi? Trapeovras avrov 
 ravrrj raas vTrofjizveLV, rov 6e ire^bv iravra a//a dyo- 
 fjitvos. 'E7T66 re 6e o-rpar^vo^vos eye^ero 6Z^ QrjjBrjcn, 
 a7tKpiv rov crrparov a>? irevre jjivpiabas* KOL TOVTOICTI 
 jtxey IrereXXero, 'A/xjutcoi'tovs' e^avbpairobLcraiJievovs TO 10 
 ^prja-TTjpiov TO TOV Atoy 6/X7rpr}o-af a^ro? 6e Toy XOLTTOV 
 ayozv (rrparbv, ^te 776 TOVS At^toTra?. riptz/ 6e TT}? 6oi; 
 TO Tre/xTTToz/ jutepos bieXrjXvOevai rj]v o-TpaTirjv, avriKa 
 avrovs ra ix ov CTLTLGOV e^o^eva 7reXeXonree 8b * 
 6e Ta crtTta, /cat Ta vTiofyyia 67reXt7T6 KaTeo-^tojutez/a' 15 
 yvy fjiaOtov ravra 6 Ka^vcr^ 
 oTrtcra) TOZ; o-Tparbv, eirl rfj ap\7J0V 
 
 r 7\v av crofyos awfjp' vvv be ovbtva Xoyov 
 s', r/te ate! 3a es TO Trpoo-o). ot 6"e o"TpaTto>Tat, eco? 
 etxoz> 6K T^S y^? Xapfiaveiv, 7roii]<payovTS 6te- 20 
 7Tt o"e es Tr)y ^a/xjutoy aTrtKoz^TO, bzivbv zpyov 
 avr&v Ttz/es lpyao~a^TO* e/c 6Ka6o5 yap eW cr<p(i)v avr&v 
 a,7TOKXr]pw(ravT$, KCLT<payov. 7rv66^vos be TCLVTO, 6 
 s, btia-as TJ]V aXXryXo^ayfyzj, a7rets la TOZ; ITT' 
 
 oTo'Xoy, OTrtcroo eTropeveTO, Kal ainKveeTcu $ 25 
 0?]/3a?, TroXXois aTroXecra? TO crrparov. K QrijBeoov be 
 Kare/Bf] $ Mcp,<piv. 6 fxez; 7r' At^ioTras o-To'Xoy OVTO) 
 ot 6 J CLVT&V CTT' 'Ajutfxcortous cnrooraXei/Te? 
 a^iK.6^evoi p,ev <f>avpoi eiVi es y Oao*tr 
 TO i>0e{>Tez/ 6e, OTI fx?] a^Tol 'Ajutjuta>z/to6 Kal ol 30 
 TOVTMV aKOVcravres, aXXot ovbeves ovbev \OVCTL eiT 
 
32 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 Trept CLVT&V* ovre yap I? TOVS 'Ajutjuiooznoi;? airiKOVTo, o#re 
 v6o"Tr](rav. Aeyerat Se KCU raSe VT avr&v 'A/x- 
 zj* eTretSr) e/c r^s 'OaVios rat/r^s 1 tez/at o*ta rr/? 
 35 ^dfj,[jiov irl a^eas, yez>ecr0a& re avrou? [Jieraffl KOV 
 avr&v re feat r^s 'Oao-to9, a/ncrroz; atpeo/jtez/oto-6 
 
 VOTOV jueyaz; re Kat ef aiariov, 
 oi/ra 6e ^tz/ay r^y ^a^fjiov, Kara^wcrai crc^ea?, Kat 
 rotoi;r&> a<pavi,(r6r)vai. (B. iii. 25, 26.) 
 
 When Cambyses reached Memphis he found the people 
 celebrating the avatar of the calf Apis. Thereupon he put 
 the priests to death, and stabbed the sacred calf. 
 
 IV. 5. 
 
 'A-TTiy/jieVou Se Kajut/3vo-eo> es Me/Ltc/uz;, (f)dvr] Alyvir- 
 TIOKTI 6 "Aius, tTTKfraveos 6e rovrou yevo^vov, avriKa ol 
 et/xara re {(popzov ra KaXXtcrra, Kat ^(raz/ ez; 
 Ib&v 6e rawra roi>s AtyvTrr^oi;? Trotevz^ras' 6 
 5 Kajji/Bv (TTjs, 7rdy\v o-c^eaj Karaoofas", ecourou KaK<3? -Trpry- 
 y, ^apfjiocrvva ravra Troteet^, eKaAee rois eTrtrpo- 
 ^s Me/x^tos' aTrtKO/xez^ous 6e es o\/rti;, etpero ".o 
 rt irporepov fj,v, ZOVTOS avrov v Me/x</>t, 7roivv TOIOVTOV 
 ovbev AlyuTTTLOL* rore 6e, eTrel avro? Trapetr; r?Js crrpart?}? 
 (6v ; " ot 6e e^pa^oy, coy o-0t ^eos etr? 
 TTO\\OV eco^ws em<atz;ecr0ai' Kat a>s 
 e-Treaz; 0az^f} rore 7raz;res ot Atyv'Trrtot Kexap^Korey opra- 
 fotez; 4f . ravra aKOVo-a? 6 Ka^/Bvo-rjs (f>rj 
 (rc^eay Kal a>? ^vbo^evovs, Oavdrto e^Mtov. 
 15 i>as 6e rowovs, btvTepa TOVS tpeas eicaAee e? m/^tz;. Ae- 
 yoz^rcoz; 6e Kara roi avra rwz^ tpecor, ov A-Tycretz; $77 avrbv, 
 i Otos TLS \tipori6T}S aTTty/xeroy etr; Atyi>7rrtotcrt. rocraura 
 6e etTray, eTrayetz/ eKeXeve roz; "Amu roi>s tpeay ot /xez^ 
 6*77 fJifrrjio-av ayoz/rey. '12s 6e r\yayov TOV "Ainv ol tpees, 
 
CAMBYSES IN EGYPT. IV. 6. 33 
 
 6 Kaju/3 verbs', ota &v vTro/xapyorepos", cnrao-a/xeros TO 20 
 eyxetpt'Stoz;, 0eAcoz/ ntyat TJ]V yaorepa ro "Amos, Tratet 
 roz> jutrjpoV yeAao-as 1 8e, enre Trpoy row? ipeas* "'12 
 Ke</>aAai, rotoirrot 0eol yivovrai, eVat/xot re Kal 
 s, Kat 7ra'tovT$ o-tS^ptcor; atoy /^ey AtyvTmW 
 oy ye 6 ^eoj* drap rot v/xets ye ov x.atpoures yeAcora 25 
 6r)(T(T6" Tavra e^Tray, ei'eretXaro rotcrt raOra 
 TOVS y&v tpea? aTrojutaartywcrat, Alyvnri^v 
 az; Aa/3coo-t 6prafo^ra 
 AtyuTrrtoto-f ot 6e tpee? 
 6 6e "Am? TreTrX^y/xei'o? roz; wpov, (pOLV ez> rco tpco 30 
 /cat roz/ //,ez/, reAeur^o-arra e/c roi; rpw- 
 v ot tpees XdOprj Ka/x^a-eco. 
 
 (B. iii. 27, 29.) 
 
 After this sacrilege Cambyses began to show all the frenzy 
 of a raving madman. He caused his brother Smerdis to be put 
 to death. Then he killed his sister because she mourned, and 
 shot the son of his minister Prexaspes through the heart to 
 prove his own sanity and steadiness of hand. 
 
 IV. 0. 
 
 Ta8e 6' es roi>? a\\ovs Hepo-as efe/xaz/rj. Xeyerat 
 yap etTrety avrbv Ttpbs Hprj^dcnrea, rbv ert/ixa re jutd- 
 Atora, Kat ot ras dyyeAtay e^o'pee ouro?, TOVTOV re 6 
 olvoxoos r\v rw KajjLpvo-y, rt/xr) 6e Kat avrr] ov 
 rj' etTretz; 6e Xeyerat ra6e* " Hprja(T7r$, Kolov /xe 5 
 rtz^a vo^i^ova-i ITepo-at elz/at avbpa ; rtvas re Ao'you? 
 'Trept e/xe'o Trotewrat ; " Tbv be etTretz;' " 9 f2 6ecr7rora, ra 
 fxez/ aAAa Trdz^ra jueyaAcos eTratz^eeat r^ 8e ^tAotz^tr/ (r^ 
 (|)ao-t TrAeoz^cos 1 Trpoa-Keecr^at." Toz/ />iez; 6^ Aeyetz/ ravra 
 Trept Oepcrecoz/. roz^ 6e, ^u/xco^erra, rotate d/>ietj8eor^af jo 
 
 apa jute c^acrt Ilepo-at otz^a) Trpoo-Ket/xez/oz; Trapa- 
 eiv, Kat OVK etrat vormova ; ovtf apa o-<pea)v ot 
 D 
 
34 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 Trpo'repot Aoyot fjcrav dArjfle'es." ITpoYepoz; yap r) apa, 
 
 Ilepo-ecozJ ol crvvebpav ZOVT&V Kat Kpotcrov, etpero Ka/x- 
 
 15 fivo-rjs, KO toy rts boKtot, avjjp etz>at Trpoy TOV Trarepa. ot 
 
 6e d/xet/Soz'ro, a>s etrj d/xetz>a)z> TOV irarpos* ra T ya/> 
 
 KLVOV TTGLVTa tyjtlV CLVTOV, KOI TTpO(TKTJ]O-Qai AlyVTTTOV 
 
 re /cat rrjv OaXacrcrav. Ilepo-at jutei' 6r) ravra 
 Kpotcros 8e irapttov re Kat OVK dpe(TKo/xei'os > TT; 
 
 20 etTre Trpoy TOZJ Ka/jtj3wea rae* <f 'E/xot jutez; z;w, S Tra? 
 Kvpou, oi So/ce'ety 6/xotos etz/at ra> -Trarepf o yap KO> 
 rot eo-rt wos otoV o~e eKetz/os KareAtTrero." ^fo-^i] re 
 ravra d/cova-as 6 Ka^/3vcrr]s f Kal e7ratz;ee r^ KpotVov 
 Kpi<riv. TOVTMV 6r) Sy eTTtjut^o-^ei'ra, opy?J Xeyet^ Trpo? 
 
 25 roz; ripr/^ao-Trea' "2i> z;u^ juta^e avroy, et Xeyovcrt Depo-at 
 a\r]0^a 3 etre a^rot Aeyoz^re? raura Trapac^poi'eoixrt. et 
 jutez; yap rot) 7rat8o? rou o-o roi;6e, eo-rewros 1 ez^ rotcrt 
 
 s, Ilep(rat 
 t ITep- 
 
 30 o~as re Xeyet^ dAr/^ea, Kat e/xe /xr) o-totypovetiv" Taura 
 6e etTToz^ra, Kat Staretz;az;ra ro ro^ov, /3a\iv TOV 7rat8a* 
 Trecroi'ro? Se ro? Trat^oy, avavyji&iv CLVTOV KeAevetzJ, Kat 
 
 ro jSA^/xa* ws 6e ez; rrj Kapbirj 
 , TOV oicrTov, etTietz/ Trpos roz; Trarepa rou 
 
 35 yeAacraz;ra, Kat TrepL)^apa yevopevov, " rTp^aaTres, (is" 
 /mez; eycoye o /xatz/ojutat, ECepa-at re Trapa^poz^eovcrt, 
 rot yeyoz^e. z;i5z; 6e /xot et^re, rtz/a et6e? ^ 
 avOptoiroov oijTuts eTrto-KOTra TO&VOVTCL ;" ITpr;fdo-7rea 8e 
 opeoz/ra avbpa ov (^pe^pea*, Kal Trept ecovrw 8et/xatz/ozJra, 
 
 40 etTretz^* " AecrTTora, ov6' az^ avTov eycoye SoKeco roz/ ^eoi' 
 ovrco az^ KaAws /3aAetz>." 
 
 (B. iii. 34, 350 
 
STORY OF POLYCRATES. V. I. 35 
 
 THE END OF CAMBYSES. 
 
 The brutal excesses of Cambyses wearied out his Persian 
 subjects. The Magians seized the opportunity to regain their 
 powers, which had been curtailed by the two last kings. 
 They brought forward an impostor to represent the dead 
 Smerdis, and fostered the spirit of revolt in all the provinces 
 and in the army itself. 
 
 Cambyses hastened back from Egypt to punish the pre- 
 tender and his followers, but in mounting his horse he 
 wounded himself with his own sword in the thigh, just as he 
 had once wounded Apis, and within a month he died at a 
 Syrian village, Agbatana, in literal fulfilment of an oracle. 
 
 V. THE STORY OF POLYCRATES. 
 
 Polycrates was tyrant of Samos (532-523 B.C.). Famous 
 in arts and in arms, he seemed to afford another example of 
 the danger of exceeding prosperity. His friend Amasis, 
 King of Egypt, wrote a letter to him, praying him to 
 sacrifice something that he held most precious, if by so 
 doing he might avert the jealous wrath of heaven. 
 
 V. 1. 
 
 'Ei> xpoz;a> be oAiyo> CLVTLKCL rov YIoXvKpdreos ra irpriy- 
 /xara rjv^ero, Kal yv /3/3a)fxez;a 4a avd re Trjv 'lavtrjv, Kal 
 rrjv a\\r)v 'EAAaSa. OKOV yap Wvo-eie 
 
 OL )(a>pee VTV\(tiS. KTr)TO b 
 
 ovbeva. T<5 yap 
 
 Xov airobibovs ra eXa/3e, ff apxyv p^rjbev \a(3(6v. 
 IJLZV br) T&V vr\(T<&v apatp^Kee, 7ro\\a be Kal rijs 
 acrrea* ev be brj Kal Aeo-/3iovs, Travo-Tpanfj 
 MtXr^ortotcrt, vav^a^irj Kpar^o-ay etAe, ot rrjv rdtypov Trepl 10 
 TO rtx? T O & 2)aju,o> Trao-av beb eleven, &pvav. Kat 
 KCOS rbv "Apaorw evrvxeav fteyaAcoy o YIo\VKpdrr]s OVK 
 D 2 
 
36 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 \avOav, a\\a ol TOVT r\v eTTt/xeAes. -rroAAo) be ert 
 TrAeiWs 4a ot evrv^iris ytz'o/xeVrjs', ypa\jsas es /3t/3Atoz> 
 15 rdde, e7re<rretAe es 2a/xoz;* "'A/xacrts rioAuKparct <56"e 
 Aeyet. e H8i /xez> irvvQavto-Qai avbpa (j)i\ov Kat dvov 
 v 7Tprj(T(70VTa. fjiol 8e at crat /xey^Xat tvrvyjiai OVK ape- 
 -t, ro ^eto^ 67rto-ra/xez/a) ws eart (f)0ovpov. K.ai KCO? 
 t, Kat avrbs, Kal T&V av K7]6co/xat, ro /xtz; rt 
 
 20 VTV)(t,V T&V Ttpr] y[LVJT(>V y TO 6e 7TpO(T7rTailV' KOL OVTti) 
 
 6ta<epeiz> roz/ at<3^a va\\a 7rpr)cr<r(i)v, rj VTV)(iv ra 
 TTCLVTCL. ovbeva yap KO> Aoya> o?6a aKOVo-ay, oaris 6? 
 reAo? ov KaK<Ss T\vrr](T 7rpoppios, tvrvyjEtov ra 
 Tra^ra. 2,v S)V vvv fyol Tret^o/xez^o?, Troirjcrov vpbs ra? 
 
 25 VTv\ias rotate* fypovrLaras ro ay eii/p^s !oV rot 
 ai^iov, Kat 67r' w en) aTroAo/xe^o) ptciAtcrra 
 o-ets 1 , roi;ro aTro/BaXe oii;rco, OKCO? /xr^Kert 
 r\v re /XT) eva\\a ijbr] ra> < n'o 4d TOVTOV at VTV\aL rot r?(rt 
 Tradrjo-L 7Tpo(T7rt7rra)0"t, rpOTra) rw e^- l/xei; V7roK6t/xer&) 
 
 30 aKo 8c ." (B. iii. 39, 40.) 
 
 Therefore Polycrates cast into the sea a costly emerald 
 ring. But it soon came back to its master in the belly of 
 a fish. When Amasis saw from this that sentence had gone 
 forth against Polycrates, he wrote to him renouncing such 
 dangerous friendship. 
 
 V. 2. 
 Tavra 7rtAea/xez;os 6 IToAi>Kparr]9, Kat z>o<*> XafBav 
 
 ot ev VTTtTiOero "A/xacrts-, cblgrjTO ZTT* 
 
 6 s evpi(TK. robe. r\v ot o-^>pr]yt5 2d rr)z; epopee \pva-6- 
 6ero5, (TfxapaySou /xez; XiOov Zovcra, tpyov be j\v 0eo6aj- 
 poif roi; Tr^AeKAeos 2a/xtou* e-Tret >z> Tavrrjv ol 
 , 7rot'ee rotade. TTtvTrjKovrepov 
 
STORY OF POLYCRATES. V. 2. 37 
 
 avbp&v, ecre/3r] es avrriv' /xera be, avayayelv eKeAeve es 
 TO -TreAayos* ws 6e cnro 7719 ^crov eKas eyeVero, TrepteAo- 
 
 TTJZ; a<ppr)y'iba, TravTMV opeovTav T&V (Tt>/x7rAoa)z>, 10 
 
 TO TTeAayOS* TOVTO be TTOtTJO-aS', a7T7T\. 
 
 be $ ra otKta, crvntyopr) ^prjro. H^TTTYI 
 rj tKTri ^jotepr/ aTro ro^ra)!/, ra8e ot cru^z/etKe yez^ecr^at. 
 r)/) aXteis 1 , Xa/3a>z; fyOvv neyav re KCU KaXbv, fj^iov \LIV 
 
 tL 6a>po/; boOrjvai' (frtpav brj e?rt ray 6vpas, 15 
 cl* (77 IQtXtiv kXQtiv ts o^riv. 
 e ot ro^rov, eAeye, 8t6oi>s ror t^Oto, "^1 
 oVSe eAcbz/, ov/c eStKatcoa-a c^epeii; ey dyopr)^, Kaiirep ye 
 AXci jutot e6oKee (re re etz^at afto? 
 $* <rol by fj,iv ^epcoz; 6t6a)/xt." C O 6e, 20 
 fjo-Oels rotcrt e7reo"t, a/xet^8era6 roto-e' "Kapra re ev 
 7roLr]cra$, KOL X^P LS StTrXer; rwz; re Xoywz; Kal rot; bvpov* 
 Kat ere eVt SetTrz^oz; KaXeojutez/." C O fxez/ 6r) aXtevy, /xeya 
 zs TO, otKta* roz> 6e lyQvv rapt- 
 ot ^epaTTo^res 1 , vpi(TKOVcrL lv rfj vrjbw avrov 25 
 tveovcrav rrjv IIoAuKpareos o-^prjylba' j&s be elbov re Kat 
 e\a/3ov ra^ta-ra, e^epoy Ke^aprjKores Trapa roz/ ITo- 
 ot r^y cr^)pr]yt8a, eAeyoz/ orea) 6c 
 evplOrj. Tbv be a>y eo-rj\0e Oeiov elvai TO TTpfjyjJia, 
 ypdcfrei. es fiifBXiov TraVra, ra 7rotr/(raz;ra juttz; ota Kara- 30 
 e* ypa\^as 6e, es AtyuTrroz; eireOrjKe. 'ETrt- 
 6"e 6 v A/xaa-t9 ro pifiXiov TO irapa TOV 
 HoXvKp&Teos fjKov, ejJiaOe ort eKKo/xterat re abvvaTOv 
 elrj d^^pcoTTO) avOptoirov eK TOV p,e\\ovTos yivecrOai 
 
 s, Kat ort OVK eS .reAevrrJa-etz; jLt^AAot IToAi;- 35 
 s, evTv^ecov ra -Trai^ra* 6? Kat ra a7ro/3aAAet, ei5- 
 pto-Ket. Trep,\jsas be ot KrjpVKa es 2a/xoz/, biaXveo-Qai 
 Trjv eivir]v. Tovbe be etVeKa ravra eiroiee, Iva 
 o~vvTV\irj$ bewrjs re Kat /xeyaArjy IToAi>Kparea Kara- 
 
SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 40 \apovo-rjs, avros dAyrjcrete rr)z> "(ffvyjiv &s ?rept 
 avbpos. (B. iii. 41-43.) 
 
 Yet Fortune still seemed to smile on Polycrates ; but the 
 end was now drawing near. Oroetes, satrap of Sardis, laid 
 a snare for him, offering to deposit all his wealth in Samos 
 with Polycrates, as he feared the grasping hands of Gambyses. 
 
 V. 3. 
 
 'TTTO Kvpov KaracrTaQtls rjv SapStW virapxos 'Opotrrj?, 
 
 avrjp Hepcrr)?, OVTOS eTre&^cre Trp^yjutaros 1 OVK ocrtou* 
 
 OVT yap TL TraOtov OVT CLKOVcras fjidraiov ITTOS irpbs 
 
 YIokuKpartos TOV 2a/xtoi>, ovre Ibuv Trporepoy, eTre^/xee 
 
 5 A.a^8a)y CLVTOV anoXiaaC ws jjitv ol TrXevves** Aeyovcrt, 
 
 Karri fj,vov la> TOV re 'OpoiVrjz; Kat a\\ov 
 
 tlvai Mtrpo/3area, ro/xou ap^ovra TOV ev Aacr- 
 
 10 6e 7T6pt aper^s 1 , etTretz; roz; Mtrpo/3ara r<3 'Opocrr/, Trpo- 
 * " 2i) yap ez; avop&v Aoya), os /3acrtAet vrjcrov 
 'Trpos ra) era) z/o/^(5 TrpocrKetjLtei'i]^ o^ 7rpocreKr?Jcrao 8c , 
 677 T 
 
 J'w avTrjs TvpavveveL." C O 6^ Sz; 'Opomj?, tfo/xe^os 
 rtr/ rrj VTrep Mataz^Spoi; iroTa^ov ol 
 
 ), avbpa Avobv, e 
 av TOV HoXvKpaTeos TOV voov. 
 yap eort Trpwro? rwy ^/X6t9 t8/xez> *EAX7jz;a)^, oy OaXacraro- 
 20 KpaTtiv ZTrevoriOr], Trapef Mt^coo? re ro Kycocro-toi;, Kat 
 et 6?] rts aXXo? Trporepos ro^rov ?fpe rr?s OaXacro-rfS' TTJS 
 be av6pa)7rriiri$ AeyojuteVr?? yez/e?}? rioXvKpar^y ecrrt 7rpa>- 
 roy, eXTrtSa? TroXXa? ex^oz; 'Icoz^t^y re Kat vr}<ra>v apfetz^. 
 
 6 'Opotrrjy, 7re 
 
STORF OF POLYCRATES. V. 4. 39 
 
 z;, eXeye rd8e* "'OpotrTjs rioXi>Kpdret (S5e Xe'yet. 25 
 
 eTTL/BovXtveiv o~e TrpTjyjuiao-t juieyaXoto-t, Kat 
 rot OVK et^at Kara ra (^povrj^ara. crv zn;z> a>6"e 
 tocrtis fjiev o-ecouror, o-cocrets de Kat e/xe. e/xot 
 yap [3a<TL\cvs Ka^fByo-r]^ TiifiovXevei Odvarov, KCIL fxot 
 rovro e^ayyeXXerat crac^rjfeco?. crv rvz/ e/xe eKKOju-tcra? 30 
 avrov KOL )(pr]ju,ara, ra /xey avr&v avrbs \ y ra 6e Ijue 
 ea exetz;. r iVKev re \pr}^ar(jctv, ap^et? CLTTOLO-^S rr)? 
 e EXXa6os* et 6e juot aTTto-reety ra Trept ra>z; \pruj,aTu>v, 
 OCTTLS rot mcrroraros ruy^a^et a)i^, ra> eya> 
 3d ." (B. iii. 120-122.) 35 
 
 Polycrates was easily caught by the offer, and, in spite of 
 the warnings which came to his daughter in a dream, he 
 sailed for Sardis to fetch the treasure. No sooner had he 
 landed than Oroetes seized him and put him to a horrible 
 death. 
 
 V. 4. 
 
 Tara a/cowas 6 TIoXvKpaTrjs, fjcrOr) re /cat e/3owXero* 
 Kat K0)9, tjutetpero yap xP 7 ?M ( * ra)z; ju-eyctXa)?, aTTOTre/xTrei 
 7rp<Sra Karo^o^evov Matd^Sptoz; avbpa T&V ao-r&v, os ol 
 r\v ypajutjutarto-r^s* *O 6e 'Opotrr]?, fjiaOav rov KaracrKOTrov 
 eoVra TTpoo-SoKt/xoz;, erro tee- rotate. \dpvaKas oxro) 77X77- 5 
 pcoa-a? XiQav, TrXrjv /copra /Spaxe'o? rou Trept a^ra ra 
 XetXea, eTrtTroX?]? rwz; \i0(*>v \pv<rov eTrc^aXe* 
 6e ras XdpraKaj, e?x^ erotjuta?. e\0o)v 6e 6 
 Kat ^7]r](ra/xero9j aTTTyyyetXe rcS rioXi>Kpdret. C O 6e, TroXXa 
 /otey rwz; iiavritov aTTayopzvovT&v, TroXXa 8e ra>^ (^tXcoz;, 10 
 ecrreXXero avrbs airitvai' Trpbs 6e, Kat l$ovo-r]s rfjs 
 Ovyarpbs otyiv tvvnviov rotTpoV e6o r Kee ot roz; Trarepa ez; 
 ra> ?7pt juterecopoz; eoz/ra, Xoo-0at /xez^ VTTO roi) Atoy, 
 Xpte<r0at 6e T^TTO roi; f)\iov. TCLVTYIV Ibovcra rrjv O\J/LV, 
 
 eytVero ^77 airobriiJifj<raL rbv IToX^Kpcirea Trapa 15 
 
40 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 TOV 'Opotrea* Kat by Kat IOVTOS avrov ITT! rr]V 
 Kovrepov l7re<?]ju,tero. 6 8e ol ^TretXrycre, 171; era)? 
 CL770vocrTri(rrf 3 TroXXoz; juuz/ \povov TrapOevtvzo-Oat.. 77 8e 
 rjpr'io-CLTO iTrtreXe'a TavTa ytV(r6aC /3ovXeo-0at yap Trap- 
 so OevevtcrOai. 7rXea> \povov r) TOV Trarpos earep^o-^at. 
 IloXvKpaTr;? Se, Tracr?]? (rvfjiftovXirjs dXoy^cras, 7rXee 
 Trapa roy ^Opotrea, a/xa ayopevos a\Xov$ re 7roXXoi>? 
 rwy Iratpcoi', ez/ 6 67) Kat Ar^joioK^ea roi> Ka\\i(j)>vTos> 
 KpoT(dVLrjTrjv avbpa, Irjrpov re eo'^ra, Kat r^z; Teyvr\v 
 25 ao-Ktovra aptora raiy Kar' IcouroV. 'ATrtKOjute^oy Be Is 
 r^z; Mayz^o-trjz; 6 HoXuKparr;?, bitffrdapr] KCLK&S, o#re 
 ecovroi) d^tco? ovre rw^ ecourou ^po^jutarcoz;* ori yap f/,r) 
 ot 2vprjKO(TLtt)V yevofJievoi Tvpavvot, ov8e els r<Sz> aAXco^ 
 'EXX^z^tKWz; Tvpavvav atos ecrrt FloXv/cparet juteyaXoTrpe- 
 30 7reiaz; 4b crvfJipXrjOfjvai. airoKTetvas 6e /xtz; oi/c d^tcos 
 a7rrjy?]o-to? 'Opotrr??, avecrTavpuxre. r&v 6e ot eTrojutez/ooy 
 oo-ot jutey Tyo-az; 2a/xtot, aiTTJKe, KeXe^coz; cr^eas ecovra) 
 ^aptz; et6ez^at, eoVras eXeufle'pour oo-ot 6e T^a-az; ^etz/ot re 
 Kat Soi)Xot rwz; eTro/xez^a)^, ez/ dz/8pa7ro8a)y Xoya> Troaev- 
 35 juiezw etx^- IToXvKparr]? 8e d^aKpe/xajutez^os, eVereXee 
 Trao-az; rr)z; o\/rtz; rijs Ovyarpos* eXoOro jotez; yap I^TTO rou 
 Atos OKCOS vot, exptero 5e wo rou ^Xtou, dz^tets avros IK 
 roi; o-w/^aros tKjutaSa. IToXuKpareos 1 />ter 8^ at TroXXat 
 VTvyj.ai Is roOro IreXevrTjo-a^ r?} ot "A/xaa-ts 6 AtyvTrrov 
 40 jQacrtXei/s Trpoe/xa^rewaro. (B. iii. 123-125.) 
 
 VI. THE STORY OF ZOPYRUS. 
 
 The story of Cambyses ended with the usurpation of the 
 throne by the false Smerdis, through the influence of the magi. 
 The imposture was soon discovered, and seven of the prin- 
 cipal men of Persia formed a conspiracy and assassinated the 
 pretender in his palace, along with the magi his accomplices. 
 
STORY OF ZOPYRUS. VI. I. 41 
 
 Darius, son of Hystapes, succeeded to the throne of 
 Persia, and thoroughly organised his kingdom by a system 
 of satrapies. 
 
 But the satrapy of Babylon was soon in revolt, and Darius 
 laid siege to the city, which held out for twenty months, till 
 Zopyrus, a noble Persian, proposed a stratagem for gaining 
 admission into the town : like the trick by which Tarquin 
 became master of Gabii (Livy, i. 53). 
 
 VI. 1. 
 
 O, e 
 
 TroAAou Kapra Trote'erat TTJV Ba/3i>A<3z;a eAety. f nvB6- 
 be o)S 7ioX\ov rt/xwro, aAAo e/3ot>Aevero, OKCOS 
 CIVTOS T ecrrat 6 eAobr avTr\v, Kdt kavTov TO epyov eoraf 
 Kapra yap Iv roicri Ileporr/crt at ayafloepytai I? TO 7rpo(ra) 5 
 
 vvv OVK 
 
 LVCLL JJLIV VTTO^LpirjV iroifjcrai, t 
 
 \(ti/Br]crdiJLvo$ atTo/xoA^o'ete es avrovs. 
 
 trjcrajotei'os kavrov Aco/3ara6 XcojBrjv avr)K(rTov' 
 yap ecovrov TT)Z; ptz^a Kal ra Sra, Kal rr)y 10 
 
 TreptKetpa?, Kat /xao-rtywa-ay, ?}A^e Trapa 
 Aapctoz/. Aapeto? 6^ Kapra /3apecos ^retKe, t6a>z/ avbpa 
 boKijJL(&TaTOv \\a>j3r]iJLVov' K re rou Opovov avaTrrjbrj- 
 cras, d^6/3cocre 4a re Kal etpero juttr, ocrrts" etr] 6 \(&j3r]cra- 
 fxe^oy, Kat o rt Trot^o-a^ra. 6 6e etTre" " OVK ecrrt ovroy 15 
 dr^p ort ft^ (rv, ra> ecrrt 8iWjuu? Toa-avrrj e/xe 6^ w6e 
 6"ta$eti>at* o^Se rt? dAAorptcor, S /3a<7tAe, ra8e epyacrrat, 
 dAA' airos 1 eya> e/^ecovroz;* 6et^oz; rt Trotev/xe^os 1 'Acr- 
 crvpiovs Ilepcrr/crt KarayeAaz/." *O 6' d/xet^ero* "^12 
 cr^erAtcorare avbp&v, e'pya) roj atcr^tcrro) ovvofjia TO KaA- 20 
 
 8ta0eti>at' rt 8', S /xarate, AeAco/Sry/xeVov 
 ol TroAe/xtot Trapacrrrjcroi/rat ; Kwy OVK e^e 
 
 ; " C O 6e etTre" * f Et 
 
42 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 25 jUieV rot V7TpTL0a l0a ' TO, JJL\XOV TlOl^^lV, OVK. CLV fX6 
 
 s* vvv 6' TT' e/xecouroS /SaA.o'juez'OS', eTTpr^a. 17877 
 e^cnj, atpeo/xeu Ba/3vA(3z;a. J Eya> 
 
 yap, o>s ex<o, auro/AoA?70-co e? ro 
 
 ws VTTO (rei; ra6e TrtirovOa* KOL 
 30 Treio-a? o-(f)a$ ravra fyeiv oi/rco, Teuecr0ai 
 
 (TV be, aif fjs av f)fjipr]s eyw ecreA^a) es ro retx.0^ ^o 
 $ $KCLTr]v rjfjipr]v f rfs (recovroi) a-rpartrj?, rrjy 
 ecrrat wpr] airo\\viJ,vri$ ) TCLVTYIS -)^ 
 Kara ras 2ejuttpa/xtos KaXeo^evas TtvXas* //era 
 35 aTTo r^9 SeKcmjs es l/38o/xr;y, aXXovs jutot rao 
 Kara ray Ntz>tcoz> KaAeo/xe^as- TrvAas* aTr 
 
 ra)i' etKO(rt ^/xepay, 7retrez> a\\ov$ Kar 
 ayaycoz/ Kara ras XaASatcoz; KaXeo^vas irvXas, rerpa- 
 
 40 a^vvovvT(jv, fjLT}T ovTOi, 7r\r]V y)(tpt8ta)i'* roi;ro 8e eai^ 
 . \ziv. juera 8e r^z; etKOcrrr/i; fjjjLeprjv, t^ecoy rrjz; juter 
 a\\rjv crTparirjv K\veiv irept^ Trpocr/SaAAet^ TTpoy ro 
 
 e /xoi TCLOV Kara re ra? 
 ivAas 1 Kal Ktcrcrta?. a>9 yap lya) 
 
 45 l)ut0 juteyaAa Ipya a7ro8efa/xei>ov 3d , ra re aAAa eTTtrpa- 
 \lfovTai ejjiol Ba/3v\(&vioi, KOL br) Kal r&v TTV\O)V ras 
 /SaXavaypas. ro 8' tvOevrev, eftot re Kat Hepo-^o-t /xeA?]- 
 
 o-et ra 5et Troteetz;." 
 
 (B. iii. 154, 155.) 
 
 The stratagem succeeded, and Zopyrus was welcomed by 
 the Babylonians. 
 
 VI. 2. 
 
 TaOra tvTeiKaptvos, ^te ITU raj Tr^Aaj* eTTto-rpe^o'- 
 )? 8r) dAr^^e'co? a^ro'jutoAos. 6peoi>res 8e d-Tro rwy 
 ol Kara roiJro rerayjuterot, KaT^rp\ov Kara)* Kat 
 
STORY OF ZOPYRUS. VI. 2. 43 
 
 oXtyoz> rt 7rapaK\tvavTs TT]V tTepqv TtvXriv. etpcoreoz; 
 TLS re etrj, Kat orev beopevos rJKOL. 6 be ox|>t ^yopcue, 5 
 o>s etr; re ZcoTrvpos, Kat avro/xoXe'ot es CKC'LVOVS. fjyov 
 brf IMV ol irvXovpol, ravra &s TJKOVO-CLV, 7rt ra KOLVCL T&V 
 Karacrra? be CTT' avra, KarotKTtfero, (^>a? 
 Aapetou TTtTTOvOevat, ra K7r6v0 VT? kavTov* 
 t'iv be ravra 6 tort (rvjJipovXtvo-ai ol anavicrTavai TTJV 10 
 
 ovbels Tropos 1 <pa(vTo rrjs 
 
 " NiJz; re, <pr] Xeycoi^, eyw vjmtr, S Ba/3i>Aa!z>tot, 
 /xcytcrroz; ayaObv, Aapetw 6e Kat rrj crrpartrj Kat Ilepo-rjcrt 
 /xeytcrro^ KCLKOV. ov yap Sr), e/xe ye w8e Aco^^cra/xei'o?, 
 Kara7rpot'erat* eTrto-ra/xat 6' avroi; -Tratras ras 6te^o'6o7;? 15 
 rw^ f3ov\ViJiaT(*)v'* Totara eXeye. ot 6e Ba/3i;X&)i;tot 
 opeoi^res ai/6pa rwy ez; ITepcrr](rt boKifJitoTCiTov pt^os 1 re 
 /cat wrcoy ecTTtprjiJLevov, JJL&O-TL^L re Kat atjutart avaiTetyvp- 
 TtivavTzs Xeyetz; juttz; dXry^ea, /cat o"<^>t 
 eTrtrpaTrecr^at erot/xot ^craz; rwz; eeero 20 
 a-^ecor. e6eero 6e orpartr}?. C O 6e, eTret re CLVT&V 
 TOVTO 7rapeXa^3e, eTrotee rci Tiep rco Aapetw ( 
 efayaycoz; yap rrj SeKarry fl^py TTJV o~rpartr)zj 
 Kat KVKXcocrajoteroy roi;? x.tXtou?, rov? 
 ereretXaro Aapeta) rafat, ro^rous 1 KaTtcfrovevcrz. 25 
 res 6e juttz; ot Ba/3uXooz;tot rotcrt eTrea-t ra epya Trape- 
 \6jjitvov ojutota, Trayx^ 7reptxp^es eoVres, Tray 6?; erot/xot 
 VTrr]pTiv. 6 6e, StaXtTrwz; ^juepa? ras oruyKet/xe- 
 rtXeajutez/09 r<3y Ba^SuXcortcoi' e^yaye Kat 
 &V Aapetov (rrpartcorea)^ roi>9 6to^(tXtou9. 30 
 t8oVres 6e Kat roi;ro ro epyov ot Ba/3vXa)i/tot, Traz/rey 
 ez; crro/xacrt alveovres. 6 6e, avrts 6ta- 
 ra? crvyKLfjLvas ^/xepa?, e^yaye ey ro Trpoetprj- 
 fxez/oz;' Kal KfKXcoo-a^ero? Kare0oVewe roi? rerpaKtcr- 
 \i\iovs. wy 6e Kat roOro Karepyao-ro, Traz^ra 6"r) ^ ez; 35 
 
44 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 roicri Ba/Bv\o)VLOL(TL Ztoirvpos, Kal or paraphs re OVTOS 
 cr<i Kat TL\o<pv\a a7re6e6e/cro 3d . (B. iii. 156, 157.) 
 
 So when Darius made his attack, Zopyrus admitted the 
 Persian troops into the city, and 'Babylon was taken. But 
 Darius used to say that he would rather that Zopyrus was 
 whole, than that he himself were master of twenty Babylons. 
 
 VI. 3. 
 
 IIpo(7/3oX?)z; 6e Aapeiou Kara ra crvyKetfltva iroitv- 
 
 fJiVOV TTpl TO TL\OS 9 V0aVTCL b^ TTClVTa TOV b6\OV 6 
 
 ZtoTrvpos ee</>atz;e. ol p,v yap Ba/3vXcoznoi avafBavres 
 
 7Tt TO Ti\0$, r^JLVVOVTO TT]V AapiOV <TTpaTlJ] 
 
 5 paXXovcrav' o 6e ZcoTrupoy rds re ,Kt(T(rtas' Kal 
 
 7tv\as d^aTreracras, (TTJK TOVS Tlepa-as es TO 
 V $ Ba/37Aama>i> ot JJLCV elbov TO Troirjdev, 
 
 OVTOL (j)VyOV S TOV AlOS TOV B?]Xoi> TO IpOV* CH 6 O^K 
 
 elbov, fytvov Iv Trj ecourou rat 5h Ifcacrro^j h o by Kal 
 10 OVTOL na6ov TTpobeboiJLtvoi. 
 
 Ba/3vXa)z/ fxez; vvv oi/rco ro bevTtpov alpeOr]. Aapetos 
 
 6e eTret re eKpar^cre r<3u Ba/3uXa)z;ta)^ roSro jutez^, cr^ecoz; 
 
 ro retx? TreptetXe, Kat ras irv\as Trdcras aTrecrTracre* ro 
 
 yap Trpo'repov eX&>^ Kupo? TTJZ; Ba^SfXcSz^a, 7roir)(T 
 15 TovTwv ovbtTepov TOVTO be, 6 AapeTo? rwz; avbp&v TOVS 
 
 KOpvcpaiovs /xaXt(rra es 1 rptcr^tXto?;? dz/ecrKoXo7rt(re, rotcrt 
 
 6e ovSet? ayadoepyirjv Hepo-eoov vi7p/Sd\To 
 Trapa Aapeta) Kptrr/, oi;re ra>z/ varTepov ytvo^tvav, ovre 
 20 r<Sz; TTpoTepov, OTI IM] Kvpos povvos* rovro) yap oi6ety 
 ITepcrecoz/ fiC(tw4 KGO ecouroy o-vpfiaXtlv. ZIoXXaKtS 1 6e 
 Aapelou Xeyerat yv&\M\v r^6e airob^ao-Oai, ws flovXoiTo 
 av ZtoTtvpov elvai a7ra0ea r^y detKetr^? jutaXXoz;, ^ Ba- 
 jBv\a>vd$ ol ttKoari irpbs Trj ov<rrj TTpoa-ytvtcrOai. 
 
 (B. iii. 158, 159.) 
 
DARIUS IN SCYTHIA. VII. I. 45 
 
 VII. DARIUS IN SCYTHIA. 
 
 Cyrus had conquered Asia: Cambyses, Africa: Darius felt 
 that he must complete the conquest of Europe. Therefore 
 he planned a vast expedition against the Scythians, a nomad 
 people living in the steppes north of the Black and Caspian 
 Seas. Having bridged the Thracian Bosphorus and the 
 Danube, he left his bridge over the river in charge of his 
 Ionian fleet, while he pushed on with 700,000 men of different 
 nationalities from all parts of his kingdom, and penetrated 
 the northern wilderness. But the Scythians slipped away 
 before his advance, and drew him on and on in pursuit. 
 
 At last Darius appealed to the Scythian king to stand and 
 give battle or else to send presents of earth and water in 
 token of submission. 
 
 The Scythian king said he would make no tender of sub- 
 mission, but would send some presents much more to the 
 purpose. 
 
 VII. 1. 
 
 Aapeios tTTTrea Trapa rov 2/a;$ea)z/ 
 
 Xeye ra6e* " Aat/xoz;te avbp&v, ri 
 atet 3 % eoz; rot T&vbe ra erepa Trote'etz; ; et jotez; yap 
 dio'xpeos 5f SoKcets eu/at o-ea>t>ra> rotcrt e/xot<rt irprj-y^ao-i 
 i,, <rv 6e aras re KCLL iravo-afjievos TrXdvrjs 5 
 
 6e crvyyivtoCTKeaL tlvai rjorcrav, (TV 6e Kal 
 Ttavo-diJievos TOV bpdfjiov, becnroTri ra> era) 6wpa 
 <f)tpu>v yijv re /cat vbap, eX^e es 1 Aoyous." ITpos ravra 
 6 2,KvOtov pa<rL\tv$ 'IbavOvpcros eAeye ra6e* "Oi/rco 
 ro fybv \i, 3) Ilepcra' eycb ovbzva KCO avOptoTt&v Setcras 10 
 
 (j)VyOV, OVT 7TpOTpOV, OVT VVV <T (f>Vy(ti' OV$ Tl 
 
 VtoTpov et/xt 'Trotrycras' vvv rj KOL kv iprjvri ew^ea 8b 
 z;. o rt 6e OVK CLVTIKO, i^a\p^ai rot, eya> Kat TOVTO 
 jfjitv OVT aa-rea, o^re yrj TT<pvTVfjLj)r] tcrrl, 
 T&V Trept deuraures ftr) aAwr; 17 Kapr} rayvTtpov crv/x/xto-yot- 15 
 
46 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 av ts poyjiv vfuv et be Se'ot TravTas es TOVTO Kara 
 cr6ai,,Tvy\dvov(nf]ijJiv eoWes 1 rdc^ot Trarpcotot. 
 <f)pT, TOVTOVS avtvpovTes, (rvy\tiv 7Tetpacr0e CLVTOVS' 
 Kal yvtoo-ecrOz rore, elfre vjuv ^a^jicro^da Trept T&V 
 20 rdtytov, etre Kal ov /xa^cro^e^a. irporepov 6e, fjv //r) 
 ^juteay Aoyos atper/, ov ovfipt&iUv rot. djut</>t /xez; /xdx?7 
 rocra{)ra zlprio-Oa). Aeo-Troras 1 5e efjiovs Ata re eya> 
 fa, TOV fybv Trpoyovov, Kal ^larriiqv rj]v 
 
 povvovs tlvai. 
 
 25 re Kat i/6aroy, Swpa Trejut^co rota{5ra old o~ot 
 avrl 6e ro or 
 A.eyco. w C O jute 
 rawra Aapeta). (B. iv. 126, 127.) 
 
 The Scythian policy reduced Darius to great straits, and 
 understanding the menacing meaning of the Scythian presents 
 which had reached him, he was glad to take the advice of 
 Gobryas, and make a hurried retreat before his communica- 
 tions were cut off by the breaking up of the bridge over the 
 Danube. 
 
 VII. 2. 
 
 TeXos 6e Aapetoy re v aTropLrjcn tfytro, Kal ol 2/cu- 
 
 0u>v /SacriAees f^aOovres TOVTO, eVe/x^ro^ KTjpvKa, 6a>pa 
 
 Aapetw tyepovTa, opviOa re, Kat pvv, Kal pd6paKOv ll> , 
 
 Kal otarovs 7tVT. Ilepcrat 6e roi> <f>epovTa ra 6a>pa 
 
 5 eTretpcoreoi/ roz^ voov T&V bibo^vo^v' 6 6e o^6e^ e<^r; ot 
 
 e7reordA.0at dXXo ^ 6ofra Trjv Ta^icrTrjv aTraXXdcrcrea-^af 
 
 avTovs 6e rovy nepcray eKeXeve, et crofyoi etcrt, yv&vai TO 
 
 e^e'Xet ra 6<Spa Xeyetr. rai5ra aKOVo-az^res ot fle'po-at, 
 
 e/3ouXe*Wro. Aapetov /otei/ z^vz^ 17 yv&\M\ r\v 
 
 10 ewurw 6t6oVat o-</>ea? re avTovs, Kal yfjv re Kat 
 
 etKafcoz; rrJ6e, ws /xi;? jutey ez; yfj yt^erat, Kapirbv TOV 
 
DARIUS IN SCYTHIA. VII. 2. 47 
 
 be fxdAtora o?Ke tTTTra)' roi/s 6e otoroiy, &>s rrjv 
 aXKyv irapabibovcTL. avrrj }j,ev Aapeta> ^ yyco/xr] aTtebe- 
 8eKro. Swecrr^Kee Se ravrrj rfj yz/co/xrj ?? FcojSpveco, r<Sz> 15 
 avbp&v r&v eTrra eroy raiz; Tor Mayoz; /careXoVrcoz;, 
 fo^ro? ra 8wpa XtyeiV "*Hi; jut^ opviOt 
 ava7TTrj(T0 es roz; ovpavbv, S Hepcrat, ?) /x^es ytvo^tvoi 
 /cara r^s y^s Kara^^cr^re 77 fiaOpaKOL ytvoptvoi $ ras 
 Xifjivas cr7rr;6^crr;re, O^K aTroi'oorr^o-ere OTTtcra), VTTO rooi'Se 20 
 
 de, /xera ra Scopa ra eXOovra 
 ol ^Kvdai Trefa) Kat tTTTrotcrt, w 
 
 icri 6e rourt ^KvOrjcn Xaybs 5 s TO 
 IJL<TOV bLTfL^ T&V 6 w? e/caoToi wpeoi; 19c roz; Xaybv, 25 
 
 tov be r&v ^KvOtoov, KCU /3ofj XP ea) - 
 v, etpero 6 Aapetoy rwr arrtTroAejuttcoz; roi^ 66pv[Sov' 
 7tv66[jivo$ 6e o-ffreas rov Xaybv bitoKOVTas, ctTre apa 
 
 TOV(TTTp 0)^66 Kttt Ttt aAAtt XtytiV ts OvTOl W^6p9 
 
 TroXXbv KaTatypoveovW Kai poi vvv fyaivtrai 30 
 
 )V 
 
 ayaOijs 6et, OKCOJ dcr^aAecos ^ K0ftt6r) T/JUUZJ eorat ro 
 ITpos ravra Ttofipvijs zinc " 9 i2 /BacnXev, 
 o^ ftez; Kal Aoyw ^moraju^z; TOVTGW r&v avbp&v 35 
 r)i> aTropirfv' tXOvv be /xaAAoi/ ee//,a0oz/, opeav avrovs 
 
 z;i)^ CTreA^r^, eKKavcravras ra Trvpa, a>9 Kat aAAore eco- 
 0ajuiez> TTOieeiv, T&V o-rpartcorecoz; rovs dcrflez/ecrrarous e? 
 ra? raAatTTwp^as ^a7rar?](raz;ras > ^ Kat roi>s ovovs TTCLVTCIS 40 
 Kara?]o-ai;ra9, aTraAAaoro-eo-^at, Trptr ^ Kat 67rt roz; *l<rrpov 
 IQvcrai 2,KV0as XVGTOVTCLS TJ]V yefyvpav, fj Kat rt v lcoo~t 
 Sofat ro fjjjieas olov re Icrrat e^epyacracrOai" Twfipvris 
 jotez/ rai5ra (rvvefiovXtve. (B. iv. 131-134.) 
 
48 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 Retreat of Darius. 
 
 vii. e. 
 
 Mera be, vv re eyeVero, KOI Aapaos e\paTo rfj 
 to^ri TavTy. TOVS pJev Ka^aTrjpovs r<3z/ avbp&v, Kal 
 \d\i(TTOs ai:o\\v^iv(dv \6yos, Kal TOVS ovovs 
 Travras KaTabrj(ras, KareAtTre CLVTOV TCLVTTI ev rco orparo- 
 5 7766(1). /care'AiTre 6e rovs 1 re o^ovs 1 KCLL TOVS aa-Otveas 
 Trjs 0-TpaTi.fjs, T&vbe etVeKez;' IVa ot jmez; OVOL fioijv 
 TrapextoVTai, ol be av6pu>7roL ao-6Virjs jotey etVe/cez; Kare- 
 At7roz/ro, TTpotydorios be Trj(rb br]\ab't] a)? avTos i&v crvv 
 rco Ka0apa) rou crrparou eTTt^a-eo-^at /xeAAot rourt SKT;- 
 10 ^^(rt, oi>rot 8e ro (rrparoTreSo^ roOroy roy y^povov 
 
 pVOiaTO Sa> . TCLVTCL Tol(Tl VTToAetTTO/XeVotOrt VTTo6fJLVOS 
 
 6 Aapetoy, Kat Trvpa KKavcras, Trjv Tayj.<TTr]v eTretyero 
 em roz; "Icrrpoz;. ol 6e oi^ot, eprj/xcofleWes roi; 6/xtAoi>, 
 oi;ra) jme^ 6?) fjiaXXov 7roAA(3 tecraz; r^s (f)U>vr)s' aKov- 
 15 cra^res Se ol 2/cv^at r<3z; ora)z/, Trayx^ Kara 
 rj\TTiov TOVS Ileporas etz>ai. e H/xepr]s 6e 
 
 yVOVTCS ol V7TO\l(f)6VTS &S TTpobebo^VOL lV V7TO 
 
 Aapetov, x.^^^ r 7rpoeret2;o^ro rotcrt 'SiKvOyo'i, Kal 
 eAeyoz; ra /car?]Koz;ra. ot 8e SK^at a>s qKovcrav raOra 
 20 eStcoKoy rois Ilepcras t^i rou "Icrrpou. 
 
 (B. iv. 135, 136.) 
 
 The Scythian horsemen reached the bridge before Darius, 
 and urged the lonians to destroy it. The Athenian Miltiades, 
 then tyrant of the Thracian Chersonese, called on his country- 
 men to seize this chance of throwing off the Persian yoke, 
 but he ' was overruled by Histiaeus of Miletus ; so Darius 
 brought back into Asia the remnant of his great army. 
 
STORF OF THE PEISISTRATIDAE. VIII. i. 49 
 
 VIII. STORY OF THE PEISISTRATIDAE. 
 
 Athens was divided between different political parties ; the 
 men of the Plain, headed by Lycurgus ; the men of the Coast, 
 represented by Megacles, and a third party, the men of the 
 Mountains. Peisistratus, son of Hippocrates, espoused the 
 cause of the Mountaineers, and having by a stratagem got 
 leave to keep an armed band of retainers, he seized the 
 citadel and made himself master of Athens. 
 
 VIII. 1. 
 
 ^racria^ovTtov T&V TrapaXav KOL rS>v e/c rov ir&iov 
 ' A6r]vaia>v 9 /cat r<3z/ IAZV 'Trpoeorewros 1 Meya/cAeos 1 rov 
 'AA.K/xauoz/os', ra>z/ 8e e/c rov vtbiov AvKovpyov 'Apioro- 
 Aai'6ea>, 6 JJLZV ITetcrtoTparo? Karac^poz^tra? rj]v rvpav- 
 viba, rjyip Tpirrjv O-TCLCTLV. crvAXe^as 1 Se crrao-twras', 5 
 Kol rcS Aoya) r&v VTrtpaKpitov Trpocrray, fJL^avaTaL rotate. 
 rpcojuiartcras 3b kwmov re Kal fjjJiLovovs, ^Aacre e? ri]v 
 ayop-f]v TO fet'yos, w? e/cTre^efya)? TOT)? \6pov$, ot /xti^ 
 tXavvovra es aypov rj6^Xr](rav aTroAecrat bijOtv 9 e^eero 
 re ro br^jiov <f>v\aKrj$ TWOS irpos avrov Kvpfjo-aL, 10 
 
 KUJLTjo-as tv rfj Ttpbs Meyap^a? 
 t?/, Ntcratdz/ re eAcoi^, Kat aAAa a7 
 a epya. C O 6e brj^os 6 T&V 'AOqvaito 
 ot r<3y dcrrwz; KaraAe^a? avbpas TOVTOVS, (ft 6opu- 
 (popoi /xer o^/c kytvovTQ IIei(rtoTparou, KOpvvrjffropoi, 8e. 15 
 ^vAa)i> yap KOpvvas UXOVTZS tfaovro ol O7rto-0e. (ri;re- 
 6e oi>ro6 d/xa ITetortcrrpdro), ecr^oz; r^r 
 tvQa 8r) 6 Iletcrto-rparos ^PX 'AtfrjzWcozj, 
 oi/re rt/xds rd? ^otfo*aj crvvrapa^as, ovre ^ecr/xta /xeraA- 
 Adas* em re roto-6 Karecrrewort ez^ejme rr)z> TroAtz^, KOO-- 20 
 /xe'coz; AcaA<3s re Kat ev. (B. i. 59.) 
 
 Ere long however he was driven from the city by a coalition 
 of his enemies, but he managed to return in triumph once 
 
 E 
 
50 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 more, accompanied by a woman of great beauty to imper- 
 sonate Athene. The sham goddess bade the citizens welcome 
 Peisistratus back, and they did so. 
 
 VIII. 2. 
 
 Mera be ov TtoXXbv \povov T&VTO (ppovrjcravTes ol re 
 
 TOV MeyaKXeovs orao-iwrat Kal ol TOV AvKovpyov, ee- 
 
 Xavvovcri JJLIV. OVTU> nev neKriarparos 1 ecr\e TO irp&Tov 
 
 'AOrjvas, Kal TJ\V TVpavviba OVKM Kapra eppifanevr]v 
 
 5 Ix^oz;, a7re/3aXe. ol 6e e^eXacra^rey HeKricrTparov, avris 
 
 rfj orao-i 6 MeyaKXe?]?, eTreKrjpVKevtTO ITetcrto-rpara), et 
 ol Tr]i> Qvyarepa e\eiv yvvaiKa em rfj Tvpavvibi. 
 be TOV Xoyov Kal opoXoyricravTos eirl TOV- 
 10 rot(rt TLeicrKTTpaTov, p,r}\av&vT<u by em rfj Karo'6a) la 
 TOL&be. 'Ez; TO) 6^0) ra> Ilataz/tet ^ yvz^r), rrj ovvojjia fjv 
 CLTTO reoW/ocozJ 2b Trr]\ea)v aTroXeiTrovcra 
 s'j Kat aA-Xcoy evetS?}?. TOVTTJV TJ]V yvvalKa 
 (TKevdcravTes 7raz;o7rXtr/, ey ap/xa eo-fiilBacravTes, Kal irpobe- 
 15 azres 3d cryjma, olov TL 1/xeXXe evTtpeTrea-Tarov 
 a, yXavvov es TO CLVTV, Trpobpo^ovs 
 s, ot ra evTeTaX^eva yyopevov es TO CLCTTV 
 it XeyovTes rotate* " 9 Ii 'AOrjvatoi, 
 to v6<p Ileta-tcrrparoz/, roz^ avTrj rj 'AOrjvairj 
 20 av6ptoiT(*)v /xaAtcrra, Kardyei es r^y etoVTrjs a 
 
 Ot /xez^ 6?) TavTa biatyoiTeovTes eXeyov avTiKa be es 
 re TOVS br^Jiovs Carts' cbrtKero, wy 'AOrivairj Heia-icrTpaTov 
 Kardyef Kal ol ei/ rep acrrel* TreiOopevoi rr)y yvvalKa 
 elvai avTrjv TTJV 6ebv, Trpo(rev\pvT6 re rr)y avOpaTrov, Kal 
 25 ebeKOVTO TOV TleiarldTpaTov. (B. i. 60.) 
 
 He then married the daughter of Megacles, his old oppo- 
 nent, to whom he had been reconciled, but he afterwards 
 offended his father-in-law, and was obliged to quit Athens 
 
STORY OF THE PEISISTRATIDAE. VIII. 3. 51 
 
 with his sons. After long preparation the Peisistratidae 
 marched upon Athens and secured Marathon ; and having 
 conquered the troops sent out to oppose him, Peisistratus 
 for the third time entered Athens, and resumed his power. 
 
 VIII. 3. 
 
 TriiJLas Se 6 ITeto-to-rparos rr\v TOV MeyaKAe'os Ovyartpa 
 OVK v Trepiet'Tre am^V 6 6e MeyaKAe'^s opyrj a>s eixe 
 KaraAAaVcrero TJ]V \0pr]v rolcri crracrtwrrycrt. Ma0a>ZJ 
 6e 6 neKricrrparos 1 aTraAAdcnrero e/c ri}s X^/ 07 ? 5 r ^ Kapa- 
 TTCLV, airiKoiJievos 6e Is* 'Eperptaz; e/3oi>Ae^ero a/xa rotcrt 5 
 
 CLTTLKOVTO OTTtCTO), Kttt TTp&TOV TrjS 'ArTLKTJS 
 
 MapaO&va. tv 8e rovrw ra> x^P*? " ( / ) 
 
 fJLevoKn, ol re K TOV a(rTOS (rracrtwrat CLTTLKOVTO, 
 
 re CK raiz^ brj^v Trpoo-eppecw, ol(76 ^ rvpavvls Trpb 10 
 
 rjv dcrTraororepoz^. oSrot /xezJ 6^ (rvvr]XiovTo. 
 
 8e ot K roi; aareoy, ecos jLtez> neto-tVrparoy ra 
 ^yetpe, KCU /xera{;rts la o>s e^xe Mapa^wz^a, 
 \6yov ovotva i\ov. e^ret re 8e lirvOovro e/c rov 
 
 avrbv TioptvtcrQai eTTt ro aorv, o#ra> 6^ 15 
 if avrov. Kal ovroi re TravcrTpaTifj fiia-av 
 tirl TOVS KariovTCis' Kal ol ap^l Ileto-to-rparor, a>? 
 op/xr/^ei'res e/c Mapa^wros jjio-av eTrt ro aorv, ey rcovro 
 crvviovres aTtiKveovrai, em naAA7]^t6oy 'AOrjvairis Ipbv, 
 Kal avria HOtvTo ra o?rAa. IvOavra fletr? Tro^Trfj XP ~ 20 
 /utez^os Traptcrrarat Hetcrtflrrparo) 'A/x^tAvroy, XP^^oAoyos 
 d^r)p, oy ol Trpoo-to)^ x/ 3 ? ^ a/^i-pa> ro'i^a), rd6e Aeycoi;' 
 
 ^EppiTrrat 6* 6 jSoXos, ro 5e SIKTVOV eKTreTreracrrat* 
 Bvvvoi 6* olfJiTja-ova-i <T\r)vair)s dia VVKTOS' 
 
 C O jutez; 0*7? ol tvOtafav \pq rdSe* IletoriVrparos 6e, 25 
 
 TO xP r 1" J "npi'OV> Kol </>ay 6eKeo-^at ro 
 rr)y crrpart^. 'AOrjvalot. Se ol eK ao-reoy 
 E 2 
 

 52 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 apicTTov rerpa/zjmeVot tfcrav brj TrjviKavra' Kat //era 'TO 
 apLcrTov jutere^e'repoi avr&v, ot fjitv T7pbs Kufiovs, ot 6e 
 
 30 7T/30? VTTVOV. ot 6e djLi<t ITetcrtaTparoi' eo-TrecroVres, TOI>S- 
 'AOrjvaiovs TptTrovcri. favyovrav 8e Tourcor, ftovXrjv 
 evOavra (ro^torarryz; neto-tarparo? eTTtre^^arat, OKCOS- /x^re 
 aXia-Qtltv ZTL ol 'A6r]vaioi, 6t6o-K6ao-fte^ot re etez/. di'a- 
 pi/Bdcras TOVS Ttaibas lirt iTTTror;?, TrpoeTreju-Tre* ot 6e 
 
 35 Kara\afjL/3dvovTS TOVS fytvyovTas, eAeyoz^ ra ez/reraXjoteVa 
 1)770 ITetorto-rjOarov, Oapcretiv re KeXe^oz^re?, Kal 
 
 K.CL(TTOV 7?l TO, (&VTOV. HlOo^V(tiV $ T&V 
 
 ovTto 6r) ITetcrtoT/DaTos ro rpirov oy&v 'AOrjvas, 
 r^z; Tvpavvfoa eVtKovpotcrt re TroAAota-t, Kat 
 40 <nW8oto-t, rwz^ jtxei', avroQev, T&V 6e, aTro 
 
 TTora/xoi; crvviovTuw. Kat ITeta-tcrrparos /xez; trvpavveve 
 5 AOrjvaitov 9 ' A6rjvai(*>v 6e ot /xez; ez; rry /xax?? eTreTrra)- 
 Kcrav, ot 6e avr&v /xera 'AAKjutaia)zn6"ea) tcfrtvyov e/c r?Js 
 olKrjirjs. (B. i. 61-64.) 
 
 Peisistratus retained the sovereign power till his death, and 
 transmitted it to his sons Hippias and Hipparchus. Two 
 Athenian friends, Harmodius and Aristogeiton, sought to 
 assassinate Hippias, but they killed the wrong brother by 
 mistake, while he was conducting the sacred procession. 
 
 VIII. 4. 
 
 'E?ret "iTTTrapxoz; roy IletcrtaTparov, 'iTTTrtea) Se row 
 rvpavvov dSeX^eoz;, t8oz^ra o\/^tz/ evvwiov ez;apyeoTar7]z>, 
 KTtivovo-L 'Apto-royetrcoz; Kat ? Ap/xo6tos, /xera raura erv- 
 pavvevovTO 'AOrjvalot, eV erea recro-epa 2b oi6ez; rjo-crov, 
 5 dXXa Kat jutaXXoz/, r) Trpo roi;. *H fjtez^ rvz; ox/a? ro{> 
 evvTtviov fjv rySe. ez; rr; Trporepr? ruKrt r<Sz> 
 eSo'Kee 6 f/ l7T7rap)(os > avbpa ol \TSIVTQLVTOL 
 Kat evet8ea alvi(T(To-6ai rd6e ra eTrea* 
 
STORY OF THE PEISISTRATIDAE. VIII. 5. 53 
 
 co)!/ arXrjra TtaBav TCT^TJOTL 
 ovdcls avOpairav adiKcov ricriv OVK a7rori(reu 
 
 TCLVTCL 6e, a)? f]^prj lyeVero ra^tora, (fravepbs fjv 
 
 oVetpOTro'AotoV jutera Se, aTretTra/xe^oy rr)z> o^iv, 
 TTJV -TTO/XTT^, ez^ rrj 6^ reAevra. 
 
 (B. v. 55, 56.) 
 
 During the despotism of Hippias the Alcmaeonidae begin 
 their intrigues against the Peisistratidae, first of all gaining 
 over to their side the Delphic oracle. 
 
 VIII. 5. 
 
 vaioun bia TOV 'I7nrap')(ov Oavarov, 'AXK/xatcoz/tSat, 
 
 'AOrjvaioi, Kal fyevyovTes netcrtorpartSas 1 , 7766 re 
 
 Kara TO Icryvpov ov 77pO^p Karobos, dXXa TrpocreTrratoz; 5 
 /xeyaXcos, 7Ttpco/xe^ot Kartez^at re Kat \v6epovv ras 'Adrf- 
 vas, AL\lrvbpiov TO vvep ITatoz;tr;s retxtcra^res' IvQavra ol 
 'AAK/xatcoznSat TTCLV m rolcri ITeto-to-T-partS^a-i jur/xa^w- 
 p,voi, nap* ' AntyiKTVovtov TOV vrjbv iJua-QovvTai TOV lv 
 AeXc^otcrt, roz/ z;{;z; eoz^ra, rore 6e OI/KO), roi;roz; ^OLKOOO- 10 
 ola 6 \pri^aTMV e5 rJKOirrcs, Kal OVT$ avbpes 
 ert, roz; re ^oz; t^pyacravTo TOV 
 Ka\\iov, ra re aAAa, Kal, 
 
 0-(f)L TTtopLVOV \L00V KOllV TOV VYJOV, TldplOV TCL efJL 
 
 o-0 ev avTov ^77o[rj(rav. (B. v. 62.) 1 5 
 
 The Pythian priestess had her cue given her to impress on 
 every Spartan worshipper, who came to the oracle, the duty 
 of delivering Athens from slavery. The Spartans accepted 
 the duty, and when their first expedition failed, they sent 
 a second under King Gleomenes, who drove the Peisistratidae 
 within the walls of their fort. 
 
54 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 VIII. 6. 
 
 '&$ S)v br] ol 'AOyvaioi Xeyowi, OVTOL ol avbp$ V 
 AeXc/xmrt KaTrjiJLvoi av7Ti0ov rrjv IIv0ir]v x/ 07 7l uta(rt J 
 OKCOS eX0otez> 2iTrapTir] recoi^ avbpes, el re i6io> oroXo> etre 
 brjiJLOcrtto ^pf](r6^vo^ Trpo^epeiz; o-<pi ray ' 
 5 0povv. AaK^bai^ovLOL Se, cos (?(f)i atet rwvro 
 yVTO, T7fjL7TOVcn y Ay^ji^oXiov Tov 'Acrrepo?, eoi/ra rcou 
 CLCTT&V avbpa 6o/ct/xor, cri)^ orpara), e^eXSz/ra ITet(rt(rrpa- 
 'Aflrjz/ecor, o/xco? Kal &IVLOVS o-<pi eoVras ra 
 ra yap roi; ^eoi; TrpecrfivTtpa ZTTOLZVVTO rj ra 
 10 rwz/ avbp&v. 7re/X7roixrt 6 roi;roi>j Kara 6a\acr<rav 
 TrXototcrt. 6 jutez; 6r) irpoffcryjAV e? <&d\r]pov 9 TJ]V (TTpanrjv 
 ot 6e IT6t(rt(rrpart8at 7rp07Twdav6fjLvoL TCLVTO,, 
 K OecTcraXt^s 7TiKOVpir]v' 7T7roir]TO yap 
 vpos CLVTOVS. 0(r<raXot fie o-$i fieojutez^ota-t 
 15 aTreTrejuti/raz/, KOIUTJ yz^w/xr/ ^pecojutez^ot, ^iXirfv re "TTTTOV, KOL 
 TOV /BacTL\a TOV cr</>e'repoz; Kweyv TOVS tirei re eVxozJ 
 crvfji^a^ovs ol Iletcrtcrrpartfiat, e/xry^arearo 8a rotate. Ket- 
 parres r<3z^ ^aXrypeco^ ro irtbiov, KOL LTrTracriiJLOV Trot^o-az^re? 
 ro'Voz/ roz; yj&pov, ZTrrJKav rc5 (rrparoTrefiw rr)z/ 'LTTTTOV' 
 20 fJL7T(Tov(ra 6e bi<p0ip aXXov? re TroXXoi? rwz; AaKeSat- 
 v, KOL by Kol TOV 'Ayxt/xoXtoz/* rovs 6e Treptyez/o- 
 CLVT&V es ras re'as Karep^ar. C O /xez; 6r) 
 ex AaKeSatjutoroj ovrco aTT^XXa^e* Kat 
 et(76 TCLCJHU Trjs 'ArrtK^? 'AXcoTreKr/crt. Mera 6e 
 25 AaKtbaifJiovioi jute^co 3d crroXoz/ aretXayrey, aTreTre/xi/raz; eTTt 
 ras 'A^^a?, o-rparrjyoz; r^s o-rpartrjs a7robeavT$ /3aort- 
 Xea KXeo/xez/ea roz; ' Ara^arSptSeco, OVKCTL Kara 0aXaa-craz> 
 crre^Xaz/res, aXXa Kar' rjTreipov. Tolcri 6e ar/3a\ovcrL e? 
 rr)z; 'ArrtK^r \<*>pv]v f] T&V 0e(nraX<Sz> ITTTTO? Trpwrr; 
 30 Trpoo-e'juttfe, Kal ov jutera 77.0X1; erpaTrero Kat cr^ecoz; e7re(roz/ 
 reo-o-epaKOz^ra avbpas, ol 6e 7reptyerop,e^ot diraXXao-- 
 
STORF OF THE PEISISTRATIDAE. VIII. 7. 55 
 
 IQvs eTT 
 
 $ TO acTTV afjia 9 A6r]vaia>v roicrt /3ov\o- 
 tlvai eAevflepoicrt, eTroAtop/cee rovs rvpawous, 
 
 vovs tv rep IIeAa(7yiKa> ret'xeV. 35 
 
 (B. v. 63, 64.) 
 Expulsion of Hippias. 
 
 VIII. 7. 
 
 Kat ovbev rt TraVrcos 1 a# e^etXoz/ rois 
 ot AaKeSaijutoutor ovre yap eTTtbpriv 19 ' 
 <ra(T0ai, ol re riet(rt(7rpart6at criroicri K.OL Trorotcrt ev 
 TrapecrKeva^aro 8 *. 7roA.iop/c?](raz>rs re ay ^//.epay oAtya? 
 a7raAAa(nrozrro e? rr)z; 2,TrapTr]v. vvv 6e crvvrvyjir] rotcrt 5 
 jotey Ka/crj iTyVTo, Tolan 6 17 airr) atrnj OTJU,- 
 juta^os' V7TKTL0fjiVOi, yap ea) r^9 X^P 7 ? 9 ^ ^ a ^f? 
 raiz; ricto-to-rpart^ecoy fjXaxrav. TOVTO be &s eyerero, 
 Tra^ra CLVT&V ra Trp^yjLtara crvveTtTapaKTo. Trapeorr;- 
 craz; 6e, 67rt juttcr^w rotcrt reK^otcrt, ITT' olcri /3ov\.ovro 10 
 ot 'Aflrjuatoi, wore Iz; TreWe r]jjipr](n Kx^pwai K TTJS 
 y. Mera 6e, f^\(&pr]crav es Styeto^ ro 776 rc5 
 apavTS i&v 'AOrjvaiav ITT' erea e^ re /cat 
 
 (B. V. 65.) 
 
 IX. THE BATTLE OF MARATHON. 
 
 Aristagoras, tyrant of Miletus, having failed in an expedition 
 against Naxos, on which he had been sent by Darius, sought 
 to hide his failure and escape its consequences in the con- 
 fusion of a general revolt. His first step was to proclaim 
 democracy through the whole Greek confederacy. First, 
 he applied for aid to Sparta, but the King was too cautious. 
 Then he tried his fortune at Athens, just at the moment 
 when the Persian satrap, Artaphernes, had demanded the 
 restoration of Hippias. The Athenians wanted but a spark 
 to set them on fire, and Aristagoras had brought it. Twenty 
 ships were at once sent to sea, 'the beginning of sorrows,' 
 
56 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 as Herodotus says (ap^rj KdK&v cyevovro *E\X 770-1 re Kal ^ap- 
 /3apoio-i, B. v. 97.). Joining the troops of the other revolted 
 towns they march upon Sardis, storm and burn it. 
 
 IX. 1. 
 
 Hopev6{jiVOL be Trapa iroTa^bv Kava-rpiov, evOevTev 
 re VTrepflavTes TOV T/xo>Aoz> aTtiKOVTo, alp f overt 
 Sts, ovbevos o~<pi avTLa>0evTos' alpeovon be ^copts TIJS 
 s raAAa TtavTa' TT\V 6e aKpoitoXiv tppvero 
 5 avros 9 ApTa<j)tpvr]s, \(JL>V bvvafjuv avbp&v OVK d\i-yr]v. 
 To 6e/X7] \r]XaTrjcrai \6vras (r^eay rr\v Trokw 
 ficrav tv ryan 2dpbt,ori ot/aai, at jj,V irXevves 
 ocrat 6' avretov Kal TrXivQwai ^crav /caA.a/xoi> cfyov ras 
 dpo^as*. TOVTMV bq jj,iav T&V rts orparwore'cop w? l^e- 
 
 10 7Tpr]Or, CLVTiKCL ttTr' OLKLr]S $ OlKirjS LOV TO TTVp 7TV^TO 
 
 TO CLCTTV ciTrav. Kaio^vov be TOV aoreos, ot Avboi re Kat 
 OCTOL Htpcriav zvrjcrav v TTJ TroXt, aTroAa/xc^^eWes' Tra^ro- 
 ^ez/, a>crre ra TrepteV^ara vcpopfvov TOV irvpbs, KOL OVK 
 )(OVTS zr\\.V(Tiv K TOV aoTeos, avveppeov Is re TTJV 
 
 15 ayopr\v Kat eTTt rou ITaKrcoXo^ iroTajJiov' 6s crfyi \jsrjy pa 
 Xpvorov KCLTCHpopltoV K TOV TjutwAov, bio, fJi(rr]S TTjs ayopijs 
 peet, Kat eVetrez; es roz^ *Ep//,oz> iroTajjibv eKt6ot 10a , 6 6e, 
 es OaXacrcrav. eTTt rouroz; 6r) roz; HaKrcoAoz; Kat es TTJV 
 ayoprfv a^potfojute^ot ot re AuSot Kat ot Heporat, rjvayKa- 
 
 20 QVTO a{j,vvecr6ai. ot 6e "leases, opeoz/res roi>9 jutez; a^vvo- 
 fjievovs T&V TroAejuttcoz;, roi)s 6e <z; TrA^et TroAAw 
 Trpocr<ppoiJLtvovs, t^avex^topricrav beicravTes Trpoy ro ovpos, 
 TOV T^&Xov KaAeojute^oy* V0VTV be VTTO VVKTCL aTraAAao-- 
 CTOVTO eirl ray z>eas. Kat 2dpts 5h /xez; eveTTprjo-Orjcrav, ev 
 
 25 6e avTrjo'i Kat tpor eTTt^coptijs ^eo{5 Kvj3ri[3rjs' TO O-K^TTTO- 
 ftez^ot ot Ilepa-at vcrTepov avTeveTTi^irpao-av ra ez/ f/ EAA?](rt 
 tpa. (B. v. 100-102). 
 
 Anger of Darius against the Athenians. 
 
THE BATTLE OF MARATHON. IX. 2. 57 
 
 IX. 2. 
 
 BacrtXei' Se Aapeiw a>s $nyy&9r) 
 
 fJL7T77prj(TOaL V7TO T ' AOrjVCLLMV KOL 
 
 ?7ye/xoVa yevecrQai rrjs crv\Xoyf)$ rov MtArjcrtoz; 'Apiora- 
 yoprjv, Tr/xSra /xey Xeyerat avrov, &s fTrvOero ravra, 
 'Iwi'coz; ovbeva Xoyov Troirjo-diJitvov, v et^ora ws oiirot ye 5 
 ov KaTaiTpo'iovT(u anocrTavTzs, etpecrflai otrtz/es ete^ ol 
 'A^^atot* ftera 6e, 7Tv06fj,Vov, atr^crat TO TO^OV, Xa/Bovra 
 be Kal einOtvTa 3i<rrov, ava) es ro^ ovpavov aTret^at, KC^I 
 jutty es roi^ ?5epa fiaXXovra etTretz;* <{9 vQ< Zev, 6/cyez;eV0cu 
 /otot 'A^Tj^atous 1 Tio-acrOaL." t'LTravra be TCLVTCL, TrpocrTa^ai 10 
 
 l^t T<3z> OepCLTTOVTtoV, btLTTVOV TTpOKL^VOV a^TW, 5 TptS 
 
 iKaarore etTiety* <f AeVTrora, jutejutz/eo rwi' 'AOrjvaioov. 
 
 (B. v. 105.) 
 
 But the Athenians, discouraged by a defeat, had already 
 retired, leaving the brunt of the war to the lonians, who soon 
 found themselves abandoned by Aristagoras as well. At 
 length, betrayed by the Samians, they were defeated in a 
 battle at sea, which decided the issue of the war against 
 them. Artaphernes pressed them hard on every side ; 
 Miletus fell; and the Greek cities submitted once more to 
 the Persian yoke. 
 
 The pacification of Ionia failed to satisfy Darius. The 
 intervention of the Athenians in the affairs of Asia seemed 
 to furnish him with a pretext for declaring war on Europe. 
 He entrusts his son-in-law Mardonius with an army for the 
 subjugation of Greece. But the army suffered heavy loss in 
 crossing Thrace, and the fleet was almost wholly wrecked off 
 the stormy headland of Mount Athos. A new army and 
 a new fleet were despatched at once under Datis and Arta- 
 phernes. Under the guidance of the traitor Hippias, the 
 Persian forces land on Attica and advance as far as Marathon. 
 At the approach of danger the Athenians sought the help of 
 the Spartans ; but the aid was not forthcoming. Accordingly, 
 on the day of battle, the troops of Athens, numbering 10,000 
 
5 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 men, and 1000 from Plataea, stood face to face with the 
 110,000 men of Persia. 
 
 The ten Athenian generals were not of one mind. Mil- 
 tiades, Aristides, and Themistocles were ready to risk a 
 battle: the decision was to be referred to the polemarch 
 Gallimachus; and Miltiades having sought an interview with 
 him, addressed him thus : 
 
 IX. 3. 
 
 "'Ev crol vvv, KaAAtjuoaxe, * (TTL V KaraSouAwo-at 'AOrf- 
 vas, 77, eAeu#epay Trot^crayra, fjiv^^ocrvva At7reV0at ey 
 fbv airavra avOptoitav /Siov, ola ov<)e e Apjmo5toy re KCLL 
 'Aptaroyetrtoz/ Aetiroixrt. vvv yap brj, e ov zytvovro 
 5 *A0i7z;atot, es 1 Kivbvvov rJKOVcn ptywrTov. /cat TJV piv ye 
 ribouTL, 6e6oKrat ra Treto-orrat ?rapa- 
 rjv 8e ?reptyez;r;rat avrrj rj TroAty, olr\ 
 re eo-ri Trp^rrj T&V 'EAA^^tScoz/ TroAtcoz; yez/eV^at. Ka>s 
 Sz/ 6^ rawra olci re eo-rt yerecr^at, Kal KoSy $ (re rt 
 10 ro^rcoz; ai^/cet rwz; 7rpr/y)utara)z; ro Kvpos exetr, ^z; ep- 
 
 6t)(a yivovrai al yv&pa 
 
 etz/, rwy Se, ov or/x/SaAeetz;. 171 
 
 eATTO/xat rtz;a orracriz; /xeydAr^z; k^<rov(Tav 6tao-et(rety ra 
 
 15 *AOr]vaiu>v <^>/)o^/xara, cocrre i/,rjbio-ac rjv be o-^jut/SaAco/xe^, 
 Trpt^ rt /cat craOpbv ' A6r]vaLu>v fxereerepot(76 eyyez>eV0at, 
 ^ewz; ra t(ra z/e^oVrcor, otot re et/mez; 10b Treptye^eV^at rr/ 
 <rujut/3oAr/. Tai;ra Sz^ Traz^ra ey <re vdv retz^et, Kat eK creo 
 ijprrjTaL. fjv yap crv yzxojutrj rrj e//rj TTpocrOfj, lort rot 
 
 20 Trarpty re eAev^epr;, /cat TroAty 'Trpcorr; r<3z; ez; rij c EAAd6f 
 ?)z/ 6e r^i; raiz; aTrocrTrevSorrcoy r^z; (rvp/BoXrjv e'Ary, 
 ^Trdp^et rot rwi' eya> KareAe^a ayaO&v ra evavria" 
 Taura Aeycoz; 6 MtArtdSryy, -Trpoo-Krarat roz/ 
 
 25 (Tt;/x/3dAAeti'. Mera 6e, ot (rrparryyot, 
 
THE BATTLE OF MARATHON. IX. 4, 5. 59 
 
 ec^epe oTju/3aXXeiz/, a>y l/caarov avr&v kyivtro 
 TTJS f}fjLp7]s, MiAriaSrj Traptbiboo-av* 6 be, 
 ov TL KCO (ru^/3oX.riv eTroteero, irpiv ye 6?) avroi; 
 eyeVeTO. (B. vi. 109.) 
 
 Athenian order of battle. 
 
 IX. 4. 
 
 rou jutez; 
 
 6 TToXcjutap^o? KaXXtjtxa^os* 6 yap ro/xos Tore 
 oi5ra> rotcrt 'A^^atotcrt, roz; TroXejLtapxoz^ e^et^ 
 Kepa? ro be^Lov. ^yeo/xeroi> Se rovrov, e^eSeKO^ro a>s 5 
 al <pv\al, e^oj^erat a\\r]\0)V reXeuratot Se 
 exoz^re? TO V(&WIJLOV /cepa?, ITXaTatees. 'ATTO 
 yap OX/H T?J? Mxr;y, Ovvias 'AOrjvaiav avayovrav 
 navriyvpias ras Zv Tycri irevTeTrjpicn. yivofjitvas, 
 
 6 Kripv^ 6 'A^rato? ff ajua Te 'A^z/atoto-t, 10 
 Xeycoz;, ylvevQai ra aya6a Kal ITXaTatevcri." ToVe 6e, 
 T&V 'AOrjvaiav kv TO> Mapa^wrt, eytz/eTo 
 
 Tt. TO (TTpaTOTTtboV k^LCTOV^VOV TO) Mr/66K(t) 
 
 0TpaT07re6*a), TO /xez; a^Toi) /xecroz; tyivzro e?ri Ta^ta? 
 oXtya?, Kal ravrrj rjv ao-OevecrraTov TO (TTpaToirebov' TO 15 
 6e Kepa? K&Tpov eppcoTO TrX^ei*. (B. vi. in.) 
 
 Rout of the Persians. 
 
 IX. 5. 
 
 '12? 6e o-(/>t 6*teTeYaKTo, Kal Ta o-^ayta eytz/eTO KaXa, 
 V0avTa &s aTTtiOrjcrav ol 'AOrjvaloi, 6po//o) tez^TO es Toi)? 
 /3ap/3apoz;?. ^o-az/ 6e o-Ta6tot OVK eXa<ro-oz>es TO juteTatx- 
 avTQv rj OKTCO. oc 6e Ilepo-at, opeoz^Te? 6po/xa> 
 
 ?, 7rap(TKvdovTO a)? Seo/xez;ot" jjLavirjv Te Totcrt 5 
 *A0T]vaioi<n eTre^epoz^ Kal Trayxv dXe^ptryr, opeoz/Te? av- 
 eoz/Tas dXtyovy, Kal TO^TOVJ 6po/xa> 
 
60 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 OVT tTTTTOi; V7Tap)^OVCrr]S OT<pl, OVT 
 
 piv vvv ol fidpfiapoi K.aTtiK.aov. 'AOrjvoiOL 8e, eTm re 
 10 aOpooi Trpoo-efjLL^av rotcrt /3ap/3apot(rt, e/xd)(oz>ro duos 
 Aoyov. Ttp&TOL juiez; yap 'EAA^z/coz; iravT&v, T&V f^tls 
 tbfjitv, bp6fj,(t> $ TToXe/xtous ^prjo-avTo t TT/xSrot 6e avzcr- 
 \OVTO ecr^ryra re M.r]biKrjv optovres, Kal TOVS avbpas 
 ravTrjv ^o-Orj^evov^ recos 6e rjv rolcri ^EAXrya-t KOL TO 
 15 ovvofjia TO Mr}oa)v <po/3o$ aKOva-ai. Ma\ojjLvu>v be ev 
 ra> M.apaO&vi,, \povos eytz;ero TroAXos 1 . Kal ro pev ^o~ov 
 TOV crTpcLTOTTtbov VLKOV ol f3dp/3apOL, Trj Htpcrat, re 
 a^rot KOL SaKat erera^aro 8a . Kara roro ftey brj 
 ol /3a/) 
 
 20 ro Se Kepas eKarepoz^ eviKeov 'A^z^atot re Kat IlAaratees. 
 viKovT$ Se ro jmei; TtTpanfJLtvov T&V /3apj3apa)v favytiv 
 ea)i>* rotcrt 6e ro /xeVoz> p^acri CLVT&V, crvvayayovTts ra 
 Kepea 2b 
 
 e rotcrt nepa-^crt elVoz/ro Ko'Trroz/res, ej o e?rl 
 25 rr)z; 6aXa<T(rav aiTLKo^evoL) irvp re atreoz;, Kal eT 
 VOVTO T&V vt&v. 
 
 Kal rof;ro /xei/, ez; rovra> rw 
 KaAAtjuta^os* 6taqf)^etperat, d^p yez^ojutei'oy ay ad 6s' CLTTO 
 6' <-6av T&V (rrparryya)^ 2r7]o-tAea)s 6 0paa-?;Aea)* rouro 
 30 6e, Kvz/atyetpoj 6 Eti^optcoi'os' ZvOavTa, 
 a(j)\d(TTa)v vrjbs, Trjv X W 
 
 roro 6e, aAAot *A0r]vaia>v TroAAot re Kal oz>o- 
 /xacrrot. c E7rra /xez> 6^ rwz/ z^ewi' 7TKpaTr](rav rpoVw 
 rotovrw 'A^^z^atot. rrjcrt 6e AoiTnjcrt ol j3ap/3apot 
 35 ^avaKpovo"djj,VOL TrepteVAcooz; SOVVLOV, ^ovXo^evot, 
 (pOrjvai TOVS 'AOrjvatovs airiKOfjievoi, ts TO affTV. atruj 
 6e eo-)(e ez; ' A6r]vaioi<ri, ef 'AAK/xatcoz/tS 
 avTovs TavTa 7TLVor)0rjvac TOVTOVS yap 
 Tolcn ITepa-ryo-t dra6e^at 3d ao-jriba, eoucrt ^8*7 ez/ rrj 
 
THERMOPYLAE. X. T. 6l 
 
 vrjvcrL OVTOL /xez; brj Tre/ne'TrAcooz; Sovviov. 'AOrjvaioL 4 
 5e ws TTob&v i\ov ra^tora /3(&0Ov ey TO aoru, Kal 
 <p6r]crav re CLTTLKO^VOL irplv rj rovs fBapfiapovs rJKtiv, KOL 
 
 TOV v 
 ot 
 
 6e fidppapoi rfjo-t, vrivcrl vTTpaiu>pr]6VT$ QaXripov, TOVTO 45 
 yap yv Tnvr]iov rore T&V 'AOrjvaitov, VTrep TOVTOV 
 avaKCo\V(TavT$ ray vfjas, aTreTrAcooy OTrtcra) e? rr)z/ 
 'Ao-tr;^. 'Ez> ravrri rrj kv Mapa0&VL /jtX?7 a-TttOavov r&v 
 fiap/Bapoov Kara ^aKicrx^ovs Kal TTpaKO(riov$ avbpas' 
 
 be, ZKCLTOV tvvzvr\K.ovTa. Kal bvo. eTrecrov i&v 5 
 roaovTOL. (B. vi. 112-117.) 
 
 X. THERMOPYLAE. 
 
 Xerxes inherited the ambition and the enmities of his 
 father Darius. An army consisting of two millions of men 
 from the forty-six nations under the Persian king was con- 
 centrated on the plains of Cappadocia. The promontory 
 of Athos was cut across by a ship-canal ; the Hellespont 
 spanned by a bridge of boats, over which the troops kept 
 marching without intermission for seven days and seven 
 nights. The king sat on a marble throne and saw with 
 swelling pride this mighty armament, but he could not 
 restrain his tears when he thought that within a few years 
 every man of that mighty host would have passed away. 
 
 Demaratus, the exiled king of Sparta, was in the train of 
 Xerxes, who called him to his side, and questioned him upon 
 the chance of resistance being offered to this army. 
 
 X. 1. 
 
 " Arj/maprjre, vvv /xot ere f)bv n lor! eTreipecrflcu ra 
 0eA.a>. (TV ets f 'Et\\rjv re KCU, a>s !ya> TrvvQ&voyiai (rev 
 re Kal rwz; aXXcoz; ^X\.r\vtov rcoz; e/xol e? \6yovs am/co- 
 TToAtos ovr eXa^tcrrr]?, OVT do-^e^ecrrdrrjs 1 . vvv 
 
62 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 5 Si; fjioi Tobt c/>pdcroz>, el ff Et\\rjvS VTro/xezJeovcrt 9b 
 e/xot dz/raetpo'/xezjot. ov yap, a>s eya> 6oKe'a>, ov6' et 
 ''EAArjz/es Kat ot Xonrol ol irpbs to-TTtprjs otKeWres- 
 <rv\\\6ir](rav, OVK dfto/xaxot etcu e/xe tinovTa 
 i, /XT) Zovres ap^/xtot. e^eAco ^vroi Kal TO airb 
 10 (rev, OKOtoV rt Xeyets Trepl avr&v, TivQtcrOai" *O fxez; 
 etpcora. 6 6e VTroXafivv tyy 
 
 rpos ere, ^ fjbovfj ; " *O 
 eKeAeve, ^)as o^SeV ot 
 ecrecr^at 17 Trporepov yv. (B. vii. 101.) 
 
 Answer of Demaratus. 
 
 X. 2. 
 
 'lls Se raOra ^Koixre Ary/xcip^ros', eAeye ra6e* " Bacrt- 
 Aeu, eVei^r) a\r]6r]ir) xPW a(T ^ aL ^a^rcos /xe KeAevetj, 
 raura Aeyoira ra jmr) ^evSojute^o? rts vcrrtpov virb (rev 
 dAwo-eraf rrj EAAa8t irevir] ^ikv atet Kore <ruvTpo<po$ 
 5 earf dperr) 6e eTraKros ecrrt, aTro re cro^tT]? Karep- 
 yacr^vr] Kal VOJJLOV Icrxypov* rfj Staxp^w/xeVr; ?y *EAAas 
 rr/r re irzvirjv aTra/xwerat Kal rr)i> becnrooijvrjv. alvta 
 (JLV VW TTCLVTCLS "EAAry^as rows Trept KZLVOVS TOVS Acopt- 
 KOVS x^P ^ olKrintvovs' epxo/xat 6e Ae^coz; ov Trepl 
 
 10 TrdvTtov rovcr^e rovs Aoyous, dAAa Trept AaKe8at/xo^tco^ 
 fjiovvW Ttp&TCL /xer, ort OVK ecrrt OKCOS Kore crovs 1 6e- 
 ovrai Xoyovs bov\o(7vvr]v (ptpovras rfj c EAAd6t" avris 
 6e, ws avTitovovTai rot es nayj]v y Kat T)Z; ot aAAot f/ EA- 
 Xrjves Ttdvres ra era c/>poz;ecocrt. apiOfjiov 6e Trept, fxr) 
 
 15 Trv^r? ocrot rti'es eoz/res ravra Troteeti^ otot re etcrt' ^r re 
 yap rv^cocrt eecrrparev/xeVot )(tAtot, ovrot 
 rot, $1; re eAacrcro^es rovrco^ r/i' re Kat 
 
 (B. vii. 102.) 
 
THERMOPYLAE. X. 3. 63 
 
 When the Greek states who refused homage to the Persian 
 king held their council of war at the Isthmus of Corinth, 
 Leonidas, King of Sparta, was chosen generalissimo, and 
 marched with 5000 men into Thessaly to guard the pass of 
 Thermopylae, the key of Greece. Meanwhile the Greek 
 fleet under Eurybiades lay off the island of Euboea. 
 
 Xerxes arrives with his army at the entrance of the defile, 
 where he finds Leonidas and his troops awaiting him. 
 
 The troops engage. 
 
 X. 3. 
 
 Te(r<repas 2b jmez; brj irape^r/Ke ^/xepas 6 Eep?7?, eA- 
 ma>z> atet (n^eas a7ro6p?}(re(r0ai. TrejUTrrry 6e, a>s OVK 
 Oj dAAa ol t<paivovTo aratSetr/ re /cat 
 ir] Staxpecojuterot /xeWiz/, 7re/x7ret eV avrovs Mrjbovs 
 re Kat Kicnrtous OvfJLtoOtls, e^retAajutez/o? crc^eas 
 cravras ayeiv e? o^iv Trjv ecouroi). C 1 
 <epo/xeroi es rois f/ EXXr;^as ol MrjSot, J-TTITTTOV 
 aXAot 6' eTrecnyKrazJ, Kat O^K aTnfjXavvov, KatVep 
 
 SryXoz; 6' litoitw Ttavrl rea>, Kat OVK 
 /3a(rtXet, 6Vt TroAAot /utei' avOpwTroi ete^, 10 
 oAtyot 6e avbpes. eyfcero 6e 17 cn;/>i/3oA.^ 6Y fj^prjs. 
 'Eiret re 6e ot M^8ot rpr]\(ti$ TreptetTroz/ro, IvOavra 
 oSrot fxey VTre^taai/, ot 6e Ilepcrat eKe^ajute^ot tTrrjio-av, 
 rovs 6c aOavarovs eKaAee fiacnXevs, r&v ^p^e 'Tbdpvrjs* 
 a>s 6r) oSrot ye evTrerecos Karepyacro/xez^ot. C 12s 6e Kat 15 
 ovrot (Tvv^io-yov rotcrt f/ EAAr/(7t, oidez; 7rAeoz> <ppovTo 
 rrjs crrpart^s r?Js Mr^tK^s 1 , dAAa ra avra. are ez; 
 re X^P^ ^\o^evoi 3 Kat 8opao-t 
 ^?rep ot f/ EAAi]z;es, Kat OV 
 
 t. AaKeSat/xoz^tot 6e p,a\ovTo aftcoy Aoyov, 20 
 aAAa re d'rroSetKzwjuiez'ot, ez/ OVK e7rt(rra/x,eVotcrt 
 
 t, Kat OKCOS ez;rpe\^etaz; ra z><3ra, aAees 
 ol 6e /3ap^3apot opiovrts 
 
64 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 re Kat Trardyo) tirrjicraV ol b* av, 
 i>7re / crrpe(oz> avrioi tlvai rotcrt /3apy3dpoi(rt' 
 
 25 /xez;ot 6e, Kare'/3aXXoz> TrXrjOti avapiOfJiriTovs r&v IlepcreW. 
 ITUTTTOV be Kal CLVT&V T&V STraprtrjreW tvOavTCi dXtyot. 
 'ETrel 6e ot'Se^ eSvz/earo 8 * TrapaXa^lv ol Hepo-at rrjs 
 eo-o8ov Tretpeco/xe^ot, /cal Kara re'Aea Kat iravToias Trpocr- 
 /3a\\ovT$, CLTtriXavvov OTTto-co. 'Ez; ra^rrycrt rrjo-t Trpocro- 
 
 30 6ota"6 r?Js /^ax 7 ? 5 Aeyerat /3ao-tXea Orjev^vov rpt? 
 avabpapt'iv ZK TOV Opovov, beio-avra ntpl rr/ orpartf/. 
 rore /xez; o#ra> rjytovia-avTO. Tr/ 6' vo-Tpairj ol fBapfiapoi 
 ovbtv apeivov atQXtov. are yap oXtycoz; eoWcor, 
 
 35 re ecrecr^at ert \lpas avTatipacrOai, crvvefiaXXov. ol 
 be ''EXXrjvzs Kara rd^ty re Kat Kara HOvea KeKO(r/xr//xez/ot 
 Tja-az/, Kat ez; /xepet eKaa-rot e/xdxoz/ro, 7rXr)y <f>a)Ke'a)zr 
 oi/rot 6e e? ro oi/po? erdx^cra^, (f)V\dovT$ rrjv arpairov. 
 Us 8e ovbtv evpiorKOv dXXotorepoz; ot Hepcrat ^ r^ 
 
 40 irporepafy ercopeoz/, aTrrJXav^o^. (B. vii. 210-212.) 
 
 But Ephialtes the Thessalian pointed out a mountain path 
 by which the Greeks might be taken in the rear. 
 
 X. 4. 
 
 6e ^Sao-tXeo? o rt \pria-Tai rw Trapeoz^rt 
 t, 'ETrtaXr?]? 6 E^p^S^/xov, d^p Mr/Xtei)?, ??X0e 
 ot e? Xoyoi;?, a>? /xe'ya rt Trapa ^SacrtXeos boKwv ot(reo-0ar 
 e^pacre re r^y arpa^bv TTJV bia TOV ovpzos (j)pov(rav es 
 5 0ep/xo7n;Xa9, Kat 6t(/)^etpe roi)? ravrrj vTrojuet^a^ras 1 
 Eep^r]9 Se, e?ret ot 7/pecre ra UTreVxero 6 
 Karepyda-ecr^at, avTLKa Treptxapr/S 1 ye^o/xeroy 
 6dpz;ea, Kat r<3z/ ecrrpari^yee c T6dp^s* a>p- 
 Trept 
 
THERMOPYLAE, X. 4. 65 
 
 be <55e 77 aTpairbs avTYf. apxerai fxez; cnro TOV 'Ao-coTroi; 10 
 TTOTdfjiov TOV Sta rrjs biacrcfrayos plovTos' ovvo^a be r<3 
 ovpe'i TovTto Kat rr) drpaTra) T&VTO Keirat, 'Az-'OTrata. 
 retz>et Se rj 'AvoiraLa avrrj Kara pax^ TOV ovpeos, \r\yti 
 6e Kara re *A\7rr]vbv troXiv, TrpvTrjv tovcrav rwv AoKpt- 
 Scaz; Trpos r<Sz/ MrjAtea)^, rf} Kat ro (TTeivorarov eort. 15 
 Kara ravTrjv brj rrjv arpa^bv KOL oi^rco exovcrav ol Tlepcrai, 
 TOV 'ACTCOTTO^ biafiavTes, eTtoptvovTO Tracrav Trjv VVKTCI, tv 
 tv \OVT$ ovpea ra Otratco^, ev aptorepr} 6e ra 
 (jov' 770)9 re 8t^>atye, Kal eye'z/orro eTT* aKpa)- 
 
 ta) rov cwpeos 1 . Kara rowro rou o#peos e^Aacrcroz/, 20 
 
 Kat 
 
 re rz; o-( 
 
 aTpairov. rj p.v yap Kara) o~[3oXri ecjbuAda-crero 7;7ro r<Sz; 
 etpr^raf r^y Se 8ta roi; ovptos aTpairbv efleAozrrat 4>a)Kee? 
 
 yap eAaz;- 
 
 Oavov ol TTepcrat, ro ovpos TTCLV tbv bpv&v TTLTT\OV' r\v 
 iirjj \jso<pov be yivopivov TTO\\OV, a>5 OIKOS 
 rotcrt Troo-t, dz/a re ebpafjiov 
 ol ^coKeey, Kat tbvvTO ra oTrXa* Kat avTiKa ol j8ap/3apot 30 
 iraprjcrav. a>s 6e et^oz/ avbpas tvbvofjitvovs oTrAa, ez^ 
 
 yap ovbev <T<$I <pavr](Tar0ai 
 crrparw. 'Er^ai;ra 'TSap^y Karap- 
 pco8?]cra5 /u,?) ot ^coKees e'cotrt AaKe6at/>to^tot, etpero roz; 
 'ETTtdArea Trobairbs elrj 6 (rrparos* 7rv66[jLvo$ 6e drpe- 35 
 Kecos", Ste'racrcre rois Ilepa-ay wy e? ^a\r]V. ol 8e 4>a)Ke r e9, 
 a) 5 e/3dAXoz^ro rourt rofe^/xacrt TroAAotcrt re Kat irvKvolcri, 
 
 <f)VyOVT$ m TOV OVp0$ TOV KOpVfJLfBoV, e7Tt(T- 
 
 wy e?rl crc^e'ay ^p^rjOrjarav ap\i]V, Kal Trapecr- 
 
 &)? a7roXeo/>te^ot 9b . oSrot /xez; 8r) ravra 40 
 V ol b ajji<j)l 'ETrtaXrea Kal 'Tbdpvea 
 
66 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 v ovbeva Xoyov eiroievvTo, ol be Karefiaivov 
 TO ovpos Kara races'. (B. vii. 213-218.) 
 
 Leonidas dismisses his allies, and prepares to hold the 
 ground with 300 Spartans. 
 
 X. 5. 
 
 Tourt 6e ev 0ep/xo7rvA??.(rt eovcri 'EAA?]ra)z/, Trp&rov 
 Hev 6 IJLCLVTIS MeytoTtT/s 1 , 6(rt8a>2/ e$ ra tpa, ec^pacre rov 
 ecrecr^at a/xa fjol (T(j)L Oavarov irl 6e KOL 
 , -tjicrav ol e^ayyetAaz/rey T&V Tlepa-ztov TJ]V 
 5 Trepiooov* OVTOL fjiv TL WKTos <rrnjir}vav rpiTOL be 
 
 OL fuJLepOCTKOTTOL, KCLTabpa[Ji6vT$ Curb T&V CLKptoV, 7]br] 
 
 bia<paivovcrri$ 77/^779, evQavra /3ov\VovTo ol ''EAA^^es', 
 KCU (r<^6a)z^ ecryji^ovTO at yrw/xat. ot /xei' ya/3 ov/c ecoz; 
 Tjjv ra^iv KAf7TtP, ot 8e avrereivov. i^era be TOVTO 
 
 ro biaKpiOevres, ol fjiev aTraAAaa-o-orro, Kat biacrKebao-OevTes 
 Kara TroAty Ixadroi erpaTTovTo' ol be CLVT&V a/xa Ae^vibrj 
 fjLevew avrov irapa(TKevabaTo. Aeyerat 6e &>s airo? 
 o-(f)eas aireTrefji^/e Aeavibrfs, jutr; aTroAcoi^rat KybofJievos' 
 avTM 8e /cat 2,TTapT(.r]Tea>v rotcrt itapeovcri OVK e\eiv 
 
 15 evTTpeTreas eKAtTrety rr)^ rdtz> ey TT^V y\6ov (frvXa^ovres 
 apyjiv* Ot /xei' ^vi; crvima\oi ol a^OTre^o^evoi ofyovro 
 re ainovTes, Kal eireiOovTO Aeavibr}. 0e(T7rte? 6e Kat 
 0?7/3atot Karefjieivav povvoi Trapa AaKebaifJiovioiorL. TOV- 
 T(JOV be, 0r]^atot /xez; aeKovres epevov, Kal ov 
 
 20 Karet^f yap crtyeas Aecoz/tSrys 1 , ey 6/x?ypa)^ Aoyw 
 
 be, eKOvres jutaAtora' ot o/c e<pa(rav aTroAt- 
 Aea>vibr]v Kal TOVS ^er avrov aTraAAafeo-^at, 
 dAAa KarafJieivavTes crvvaireOavov. ecrrpar^yee 6e avr&v 
 Ar;/xo^)tAo5 Ata6po/xeco. (B. vii. 219-222.) 
 
 Death of Leonidas and his companions. 
 
THERMOPYLAE. X. 6. 67 
 
 X. 6. 
 
 66, 67766 rjXiov avareiXavTos o~7rovba$ ITTCWJ- 
 <raro, 67rt(Txa)z; y^povov, S ayopijs KOV 
 
 TTpOCTOboV 67TOt66TO* Ktt yap 
 
 oirrco. aTro yap roi; oTjpeos 77 Kara/Baais crwrojutcorepT] T6 
 60-rt, Kat fipaxyrepos 6 x&pos iroXXbv, tfnep fj 7T6pto6os5 
 T6 Kat avdfiaarLS. Ot re 6^ (3ap[3apoL ol ap^l Hep^6a 
 ot a^(f)l Attovibrjr f/ EAX^r69, cwj TT\V 67T6 
 
 7TOt6VjUt6rOt, ^7] TToXXw p,a\\OV rj K.OLT 
 
 $ TO VpVTpov TOV afytvos. TO p,V 
 yap tpvfjia TOV TL\OS (f>v\ao-(rTO, ol bz ava TCLS Trpo- i 
 repay f)iJipas VTT^LOVT$ 6? ra 
 Tor6 61), cr^ju/xto-yoire? 6^a) 
 7T\rj0i iroXXol T&V flapfBaptov. oTncrOe yap ol fj 
 T&V r6X6co^, 6^0^769 jutaoTtya?, tppainCov KavTa avbpa, 
 
 at6t 6 TO TrpOOTCO 7TOTpVVOVTS. 7TO\\ol }JiV by (T77L77- 15 
 
 roz; avT&v 69 rr)z/ QaXao-vav, Kat bietyOeipovTo' TroXAco 
 
 6' Irt 7rX6vz;6S Kar67rar6oz;ro ^coot VTT' dXXrJXwz;' 771; 66 
 
 Xoyos onsets' rov aTToXXv^vov. are yap 
 
 ro^ /^eXXo^rd ox^t 6(76o-^at Qavarov 6K rwz; 
 
 TO ovpos, aTrebeiKvvvTo 10 * pco/xr;? 6Voz> 6?xo^ /x6 / ytoroi' 6? 20 
 
 rovs /3ap/Bdpov$, Trapaxpfw/merot T6 Kat aTzovTes. Kat 
 
 Aeco^tSrys T6 6z; TOT/TO) rw TroVw 7Tt7rr6t, di 
 
 dptoros 1 , Kat 6T6pot jot6r' airoi; oz/ojutaorot 
 
 rwy 6ya> wy dvbp&v d^tcoz/ yvofjiva)v 
 
 jutara* e^vOdfjLrjv be Kat airavTo^v T&V Tpir)KO(ri(dv. Kat 25 
 
 677 Kat n6po-eW TrtTrroixrt hOavTa aXXot r6 TroXXot Kat 
 
 ovo^acrToi' tv bz brj Kat Aapetov 6vo 7rat869. Hep^w r6 
 
 67) 8vo db\(f)ol zvOavTa TTLTTTOVO-L ^a^o^voi, virep TOV 
 
 vtKpov TOV AecortSea), Ilepcreco^ r6 Kat AaK66at/zoi'tco^ 
 
 6y6z/6ro TroXXoy 6s 6 TOVTOV T dpeTrj ol ff E\\t]VS 30 
 Tps\j/avTo TOVS tvavTiovs r6rpaKts. 
 r 2 
 
68 SELECTIONS FROM HERODOTUS. 
 
 ^ * < V ' 
 
 o. &$ be TOVTOVS 7JKiv tTTvOovTo ol 
 
 v6tVTV erepOtOVrO TO VIKOS. S T jap TO CTTtlVQV TTJS 
 
 35 obov avXP v diTLora), K.OLL Trapa/xen/fajuiezJot TO 
 
 \0OVTS I^OVTO 7Tt TOV KoXtoVOV TTCLVTZS CL\S OL 
 
 7T\rjv r]ISa(u>v. 6 be KO\U>VOS eort h rrj ecroSo) OKOV 
 
 vvv o \i6ivos Aecoz; ZOTTJKG 7rl Aeco^tSry. tv rovro) 
 
 cr^eaj rw X^P^ a^eojuiez/oi>sr jutaxatpryo-t, rotcrt CLVT&V 
 
 40 tTvy\avov ZTL irepizovo-aL, KOL X 6 P"' K 
 
 ol /3a/)/3apot /3a\\ovTs* ol jJiv 
 t, Kat ro epujuta rot) retx eo? 
 
 Ot 6e, 7Tpl\66vT$ TTCLVTodeV 7TpiO"Tab6v. 
 
 AaKtbaiiJiovitov be /cat 0ea7riea)i> TOLOVTMV yero/xez/cor, 
 
 45 o/xros Xeyerat dz;r)/) aptoro? yevtvQai 27Taprt7yrr]5 Atr;- 
 
 z;K?]j. roz; ro6e <acrl eiTrat ro ITTOS Trpty r) 
 
 us, tTTtav ol pdpfiapoi, aTrtecoa-t ra ro^/xara, ro^ ^'Xtoz; 
 ^TTO rod TrA^eos raiz; dtarcoz; airoKpVTTTOvcn' TOCTOVTO TL 
 50 TrX^os CLVT&V zlvai* TOV 8e, ov/c K7rXaye^ra TOVTOLCTI, 
 etTrat, ez; oXoyir\ TTOIVIJLVOV TO T&V M.rjb(t)v irXfjOos, a>? 
 " Traira o-</)t dya^a 6 Tprj^vios tlvo$ dyyeXXot, t 
 
 CLTTOKpVTTTOVTtoV T&V MT]8a)Z; TOi' T]XlOV, VTTO (TKlfj <TOITO 
 
 55 aXXa rotovro'rpoTra errea (^ao-t Atr]z;eKea roz/ Aa/ce6ai- 
 jutoznoz/ \nrto-0ai nvrjfjLoo'vva. 0a0^etcrt 6e o~06 avrov 
 ^rrj rf/Trep eTreo-oz;, Kat rotcn vpoTtpov T\VTYjcra(n fj 
 
 rat ypajutftara Xeyoz^ra rd8e' 
 
 Mvpiao-ti/ Trore T t ^ TpirjKoa-iais e/xa^oi/ro 
 e*K IleXoTroyvaorou ^tXiaSe? reropey. 
 
 raura /uiez; 6^ rotcrt irao-t eTrtyeypaTrraf roto-t 6^ Sjrap- 
 
THERMOPYLAE. X. 6. 69 
 
 *Q ^cti'', dyye\\iv AaKfbaifjLOVLOtfy on rjJSe 
 
 Kiju$a, rot? KeiVa)i> pf^fj-aai 7Ti66[jLVOi. "5 
 
 Aa,K$ailJLOVLOl(Tl fJLV brj TOVTO' TO) 6 fiQLVTl, To8e* 
 
 ode KXeiJ/oio Mfytaria, oy Trore M^Sot ^ 
 
 fidvTioS) os Tore Krjpas eVep^o^ez/as 1 (ra^)a eiSa)?, 
 
 ou/c eVA.?/ <L7rdpTT]s rjycfjiovas TrpoXiTreii/. 7 
 
 Ot juier 6^ -Trept ep/xoTrvAas 1 "EAA^es" oi)Va) rr/tovtcravTo. 
 
 (B. vii. 223-228, 234.) 
 
NOTES. 
 
 I. SOLON AND CROESUS. 
 
 1. 
 
 1. 2. aXXoi re ot iravTs, literally, 'both others, viz. the whole body 
 of the sages from Hellas;' we might translate, 'not only all sages 
 besides . . . but also Solon.' 
 
 o-o<f>icrTal had not yet acquired any of the meaning that belongs to 
 the word in later Greek, and in the ordinary English use of ' sophist.' 
 Pythagoras is called aotyiarrts by Herodotus. 
 
 1. 3. us KaorTOs . . . dmKVoiTO. The optative is used here with the 
 meaning of indefinite repetition, (Curt. 558. obs. i), 'as each one 
 of them happened to arrive:' meaning that the ot iravrts did not come 
 all at once. 
 
 1. 4. 56\wv. This interview can hardly have taken place. Solon's 
 legislation belongs to 594 B.C. and his ten years of absence from Athens 
 lie between 593-583 B.C., but Croesus did not come to the throne till 
 563 B.C.; or, if an interview did take place, it must have been a different 
 one from the story given here. 
 
 1. 6. OecopLTjs. See note below, on yrjv iroXXrjv. 
 
 1. 7. dvcryKaa-Ofj (so inf. Of^rat). The op tat. (after d-jrcS^/i^crc) would be 
 more usual ; but cp. Curt. 531, 532, and obs. 
 
 1. 8. oloC re rjo-av, ' were able,' lit. werejas/ the sort to do it. TC here 
 is the Epic TC of emphasis. 
 
 avro iroi^aai, sc. \vaai. 
 
 1. 10. avTiov . . . civKv. ' Solon having left home for these very 
 reasons' (sc. that no change should be made), 'and for the sake of 
 seeing (new sights).' eiixKfv governs both genitives. 
 
 1. ii. OccopiTjs has the defining article, because it has been already 
 mentioned. 
 
 1. 12. v Ap.curis. For his history see later, in the Story of Polycrates. 
 irapd "Afxao-tv, ' to visit Amasis.' 
 
 2. 
 
 1. 3. iT8iKvv(rav. This verb is conjugated in Herodotus both from 
 5eifcvvtv and Stiicvvvai, so that we find IStiicvvov as imperf. and 
 or e8io (sometimes e'Sea, lonicfe) as the I aor. 
 
72 NOTES. 
 
 1. 4. 0T]Y]<ran.vov. The Attic form would be Oeaffapwov from 0aojjLcu. 
 We also have Orjevfjievos, and Orj^ao^ai. 
 
 1. 5. ws oi, = t quemadmodum ei,' the enclitic ot throws back the accent. 
 Kara icaipov TJV =' commodum erat? 
 
 1. 6. Trap' T]|ieas "yap. The word 7a/> explains ipepos cirrjXOc /not, the 
 clause giving the reason being thrown first, as often in Homeric syntax : 
 ' since many stories have reached our ears concerning you, therefore the 
 wish has come upon me.' 
 
 1. 8. -y^v 7roX\T|v ir\T|\v0as. There is something Homeric in the 
 language used to describe the journeying of Solon, 6fojpirjs tivcwv, ' to 
 see what was to be seen.' Cp. Uvai iroXXty k-nl yaiav, Od. 2. 364, and ib. 
 I. 3, where it is said of Odysseus, 6s jj.d\a iro\\d irXayxfy wXXtav 8' 
 avOpwtruv i8ev dffrea KOI voov Zyvco. 
 
 1. 10. \mcov civai oXjSnoTaros. By common Greek usage, predica- 
 tive qualifications referring to the principal subject are in the nominative: 
 cp. 'A\avbpos <f>aff/cv ivai A.IOS vios. In Latin, * Uxor invicti lovis esse 
 nescis ? ' or, 'Phaselus ille quern videtis, hospites, Ait fuisse navium celerri- 
 mus* See Curt. 571. 
 
 1. 12. TO> ovrt xp-t]<ra.\Lvos, literally, * adopting what really was [the 
 case],' i.e. frankly speaking the truth. 
 
 1. 13. T\\OV. The accusative assimilated to the form of Croesus' 
 question, et TWO. ?Ses oXftitirarov ; as though the full form of the sentence 
 were, T\\OV ewpafca 6\.6iuraTOV ovra. 
 
 1. 14. in<rTp<f>Ci>s. An adverb of doubtful meaning, generally 
 rendered ( earnestly/ In Hdt. 8. 62 ITTCCTT -papniva %mj seem to be 
 'earnest words;' because they are energetically 'brought to bear,' 
 irio'Tp(f>Tat, on the subject. 
 
 1. 15. KoiT), i.e. iroi'a, 'In. what respect?' The termination of the 
 feminine dative is a frequent form of the Greek adverb, as in ravry, TTT), 
 Kowrj, etc. 
 
 1. 1 6. TOVTO p.V . . . TOVTO 8^, like TO niv ... TO S = 'in the first 
 place ... in f .he second.' 
 
 u TjKovo-qs, similar in meaning to eu ex^iv, 'to be in a good state;' 
 only, ev ijicetv contains the notion of having reached a high position, 
 and cS %x iv merely denotes the state without this picturesque addition. 
 See below, TOU &iov *v TJKOVTI, and in B. 5. 62 xprniarcav fv TJKOVTCS, 
 where the genitive may be taken as the ordinary case of reference, or 
 perhaps better with a local meaning. 
 
 1, 1 8. iravTa irapajjicivavTa, sc. Tf/cva, 'all of them surviving. 7 Tellos 
 lived to see his sons with their children growing up round them. 
 
 1. 19. ws rd irap' -qfJitv, 'as circumstances are among us.' Solon 
 means to contrast Athenian simplicity with the extravagance of Lydian 
 society. 
 
 1. 21 ixax-qs. This battle at Eleusis was probably against the 
 
SOLON AND CROESUS, I. 2, 3. 73 
 
 Megarians. The Megarid was originally one of the divisions of Attica, 
 but after the return ot the Heraclidae it passed to the Dorians. Hence 
 there was a constant jealousy between the Athenians and the Megarians. 
 1. 23. STJJJLOO-CTJ. See note above on 1. 15. 
 
 avrov rfjirep, * there, where ; ' i.e. just where. 
 
 3. 
 
 1. i. rol Kard TOV TeXXov, 'when Solon, in the case of Tellos, had 
 urged Croesus on (to further questionings), by describing so many 
 happy points in it, Croesus asked further.' ra /card TOV TcAAov may be 
 taken as here translated, or may be considered as governed by a word 
 like \yojv, suggested by the participle fiiras (from aor. tlira) that 
 follows. 
 
 1. 5. yevos, accusative, 'by birth.' 
 
 1. 6. xiirfjv, ' was theirs to enjoy.' faretVai , in this sense resembles the 
 use of virapxetv. dptcecov (a/we?*), 'sufficient.' 
 
 ToiTjSc, 'of such a kind as this.' The particular kind or amount 
 of their strength is given in the expression a.0^o<p6poi rjvav, and, more 
 generally, in the story that follows, how they drew their mother in 
 the car. 
 
 1. 9. jjiTjTpa. Their mother was a priestess of Hera, whose temple 
 stood some six miles away from Argos. 
 
 1. 10. o-(f>t belongs to ov TrapcyivovTo. The insertion of the enclitic in 
 this unusual place shows that the definite article (ot 8i) had not the mere 
 force of an article, as in later Greek ; otherwise, it would be quite 
 necessary to construe ot 6e o*<t /3oes closely together. Cp. TO 5c ot ofyopa 
 tlvai 'low, Hdt. I. I ; TOV be ol Traidwv TOV irpeafivTCpov eiirctv, Hdt. 3. 3. 
 
 1. ii. KK\T]i6fJivot, * barred by the (shortness of) the time' from 
 adopting any other course. 
 
 1. 1 6. 6 0os does not mean any particular god, but is equivalent to 
 our general phrase ' heaven.' 
 
 1. 17. |AoA\ov is superfluous, as there is already a comparative 
 (ajufti/oz/) in the sentence. So in B. I. 2. we find o ft7a -nXovatos jiaXXov 
 TOV ITT' fjftfprjv exovTos 6X|3uoTpos. 
 
 1. 19. ottuv TKvoov KvpT]o-, ' to think what noble sons she had 
 gotten.' The Argive men praise the strength of the youths ; the women 
 their filial devotion. 
 
 1. 21. TOV d-yaXjxaros. The statue of Hera in her temple. 
 
 1. 23. Sovvai TT|V Ocov, ' prayed that the goddess would give to Cleobis 
 and Bito.' The aorist infinitive, expressing here only the action of the 
 verb, derives its apparent future sense from the force of cvx^ro, which 
 implies a looking forward to a fulfilment. 
 
 Join dpio-Tov-Tvxiv, the infinitive being quite analogous here to the 
 Latin supine in u with an adjective, = ' best-to-have.' 
 
74 NOTES. 
 
 1. 26. vT\i <TXOVTO, ' tetiebantur in hoc exitu vitae, 1 a further descrip- 
 tion of the foregoing words OVKCTI dvco-TTjo-av. 
 1. 27. iroM]o-dp,vov, 'having had made,' Curt. 481. 
 
 4. 
 
 1. 2. f| 8^ T|p,TfpT], ' Is owr prosperity, then, thus flung away by you 
 into mere nothingness ?' suggests an antithesis between the prosperity 
 of Croesus, and that of Tellos and of the two Argive youths. 
 
 1. 4. WO-T . . . iroCT)o-as, Curt. 565, obs. I, * put us on a par with.' 
 
 1. 5. ImoTdficvov JJL, ' thou art questioning about human affairs me 
 who know that heaven is altogether jealous and works confusion.' The 
 same thought occurs again in the Story of Polycrates, (see Chap. V). 
 What we express in such words as, ' he that exalteth himself shall be 
 abased,' the Greeks put in another way, that the powers of heaven 
 could not brook anything that seemed to rival their greatness or their 
 prosperity. The huge animals that walk the earth are stricken by the 
 thunderbolt, for the god will not suffer them to vaunt themselves ; and 
 the same bolt singles out the tallest trees and loftiest houses ; <piAe yap 
 6 0(bs ra virfpexovra iravra KoXovciv, Hdt. 7. 10. 
 
 1. 7. ev T< p.aKpw XP OV $- Notice the article, ' the long period ' of the 
 world's history. 
 
 1. 10. Kivo . . . Xe-yw, 'but as to the question thou didst put me,' (sc. 
 whether thou wast happy), ' I say not yet that thou art.' 
 
 1. 12. jjiaXXov 6XpuoTpos. See note on sup. 3. ir' fjfxepTjv exovros, 
 * that has enough for one day.' 
 
 1. 14. TeXeurfjo-cu TOV PIOV, * that he end his life well.' The infinite is 
 added as an explanation of the * fortune that accompanies him.' 
 
 1. 15. d-TrXovTOi. The prefix {"a, as in the Homeric tirifatyeXws, 
 {CLKOTOS, etc., comes from StcL (through the j sound of the iota, i.e. 8/a) 
 and means ' thoroughly.' 
 
 1. 16. ptov, genitive of reference, depending on the adverb (jicTpicos. 
 
 1. 17. irpoXt TOW uruxos, ' is ahead of the lucky man in only two 
 points.' 
 
 1. 19. 6 |XV = o irXovffios. 6 8^ = 6 fjicrpiajs t\(av (3iov. 
 
 1. 20. TourtSc, 'in the following points;' the enumeration of these 
 begins with airTjpos, for the sentence opening with arrjv JACV introduces 
 some limitations rather than advantages. ' While indeed he is not better 
 able to endure calamity and accomplish ' (supply /cr\(rai from sentence 
 above) ' his desire ; but these things his good luck keeps off from him ; 
 yet is he sound of limb,' etc. 
 
 1. 24. irpos TotJToun,, ' besides this.' 
 
 1. 25. TOV o-v T]TIS belongs closely to oXpios, 'that man deserves to 
 be called the happy being whom thou seekest. 1 
 
FALL OF CROESUS. II. i. 75 
 
 1. 26. 4iri<rxiv, 'wait!' Curt. 577. Similarly KaXcav. 
 
 . 27. <rvXXa(3iv, 'to unite in himself.' 
 
 .31. us 8, even so, no one individual man is all-sufficient.* 
 
 .33. fx<ov 8taT\Tj, 'continue to hold.' 
 
 . 34. irap* jxol, 'in my judgment.' 
 
 . 35. SIKCUOS <TTI 4>pcr0ai, ' deserves to win.' 
 
 . 36. Kr\ diropT|o-T<u, ' in what way it will turn out.' 
 
 . 37. V7ro8as oXpov. Notice the force of VTTO in composition, 
 ' having given a glimpse of prosperity.' 
 
 . 38. dvTpi|>, for this use of the aorist see Curt. 494. 
 
 . 39. 4xapCTo, ' he showed Croesus no favour, and having made 
 him of no account, Croesus dismisses him from his presence ' (notice 
 the force of the middle voice), 'having judged that he was ignorant 
 who,' etc. In OVTC . . . iroiTjadjxcvos the negative only qualifies the 
 participle, and is not carried on to cLiro-nenTmai. The change of subject 
 in the sentence is very awkward ; but unless we could venture to read 
 dpaOrjs, and refer only to one subject, Solon, this arrangement is un- 
 avoidable. Xo-yov ouSevos may be called a genitive of price, or value, 
 Curt. 421. 
 
 II. FALL OF CROESUS. 
 
 I- 
 
 1. i. T<r<rpcrKai8KaTT]. The formation of the ordinal number 
 shows that the cardinal, Tcaacpcfftcaifeica, is regarded by Herodotus 
 as indeclinable. Thus we have TffapGKai5Ka erea. 
 
 1. 2. YV6TO KpOlCTCp. Cp. SiTl)s XP VOS fy*"fOVC* TCLVTa TCp TTOl^Vl 
 
 irrfffaovTi, Hdt. 2. 2. Also Luke i. 36 'This is the sixth month with 
 her that was called barren,' nty ZKTOS karlv avry. 
 
 1. 5. ws ovi 7rpoxwp, ' when it did not succeed.' The subject to the 
 verb is not o-Tpa/m), but TO -rrp^Yjxa, if it be necessary to supply a subject 
 at all ; it is, however, better to take the verb as impersonal. 
 
 1. 6. M<ip8os. The Mardi, or Amardi, were a nomad Persian people, 
 who followed the regular army of Cyrus, as the Kalmucks accompany 
 Russian troops. 
 
 1. 8. <{>tXaKos, the regular form in Herodotus for <i/Aa. 
 
 1. II. TWV rtva AuSecov, for nva rwv Av8uv. So in 2 infra, TUV 
 TIS Hfpfftouv. 
 
 1. 12. eni KVVOJV, 'to recover a helmet.' 
 
 1. 13. dvcXojxevov, 'having picked it up.' 
 
 4s OVJJLOV epdXcTO, like the Homeric phrase \v OvpZ 0d\\aQat, ' let 
 it sink into.' 
 
 1. 14. icar' avrov, 'after him,' not identical with JUCT' avrbv, 'post 
 ilium,' but rather, secundum ilium,' that is, 'ad eius exemplum.' 
 
76 NOTES. 
 
 2. 
 
 1. I. TO- jJiev aXXa liriciKYjS, * cetera quidem non ineptus? 
 
 1. 3. V<TTot, from nom. euco-ra;, 'during his past happiness.* 
 Trav Is avrov, ' had done all he could with regard to him.' 
 aXXa T . . . 7T-n-6}ji $. We should naturally expect TTCTTO^^S to 
 match m4>pa6iJivos, but the finite verb is substituted. 
 
 1. 6. |XYa vfyiric, so jjieya vrjmos is applied to the foolhardy Patroclus, 
 II. 16. 4 6. 
 
 1. 7. ITJV, 'voice.' 
 
 1. 8. d|ju|>is c|xjjivai, 'longe tibi melius est, hoc procul a te abesse? ajjityls, 
 lit. 'separated,' and so 'afar.' 
 
 1. if. aXXo-yvwo-as. d\\oyvo(Tv is properly to 'take a man for some 
 one else;' so, generally, = ' ignorare' Join TJIC ws diroKTVov, 'was 
 coming up to slay.' For this form of sentence introduced by yap see 
 note on Chap. I. 2. 1. 6. 
 
 1. 12. IITTO, 'by reason of/ as below, vrro Scovy. 
 
 1. 13. ov8 . . . diro0avtv, ' it was no matter to him to be smitten and 
 killed.' 
 
 1. 15. ppir]e, 'gave vent to,' of something pent up. So ' rumpere vocem^ 
 Virg. Aen. 2. 129. See Curt. 400. 
 
 1. 1 7. jJLTa Be is the antithesis to irpwrov. 
 
 1. 1 8. 0^5, Ion. form of fafjs. 
 
 3. 
 
 1. 2. T0-<Tp(TKai8ICa T6tt, SC. 560-546 B.C. 
 
 1. 3. xp T J" T ' i np lov ' Croesus had been deceived by an ambiguous 
 utterance of the Pythia, and induced to go to war with the Persians, on 
 the promise ' that he should ruin a great empire.' For he forgot that 
 that empire might be his own. The words of the priestess are said 
 to have been, Kpotffos "A.\vv SmjSas fjLyd\r]v dpx^ KaraKvatt. This is 
 like the oracle given to Pyrrhus, ' Aio te, Aeacida, Romanos vincere posse? 
 
 1. 6. o-uvvTjaas (ffvvvffiv}, ' having heaped up.' 
 
 1. 8. TW 8c KpoCo-co. The construction here changes to oratio indlrecta, 
 some word like \eycrai being understood. co-eXOelv, ' animum subiisse? 
 
 1. 10. ws . . . ipT]jjiVOv, ' quemadmodum ipsi divinitus esset enunciatum? 
 i. e. in accordance with the will of heaven. 
 ol = Kpoiffa). 
 
 1. ii. ws 8^ apa, 'and that when this [thought] came upon him.' 
 Commentators generally take irpoo-Tfjvat here as equivalent to irpocr- 
 o-TTjvai, from -npoaiarrj^i, as TrpoiVrTy^ does not seem to give the required 
 sense. For the omission of one ff cp. irpo-ax < -> yTas , from irpoatx 03 , 
 Hdt. i. 2. 
 
 1. 12. dvVtK<i|Xvov. See Buttmann's Lexil. s. v., 'having sighed 
 deeply,' lit. 'having drawn up a deep breath,' from dvatytptaOai. Then 
 
FALL OF CROESUS. II. 2-4. 77 
 
 vagavTo. gives the next stage, viz. the audible groan, after the long 
 silence. 
 
 1. 15. TtVa TOVTOV TTlKa\OlTO = TIS OVTOS lfj OV !TlfCa\OlTO. 
 
 Kal TOVS, not to be taken immediately with irpoacXOovTas, but, 
 ' and that they . . . having gone up to him/ 
 
 1. 17. TOV dv . . . \06iv. Equivalent to irtKa\OfJuii TOVTOV ov iraai 
 Tvpavvoiffi 4s \6yovs lA.#e(V [tfpo] fj-eyaXow \prj^aTOJV irpoer'nirjaa av. The 
 meaning being ' whom I would have given anything to see conversing 
 with princes.' XP T 1H >< * TC|)V * s governed by the comparatival force in 
 irpoTip/r)<ra. 
 
 1. 20. oxXov irapx6vToav, lit. 'causing him trouble/ i.e. distressing 
 him by their importunities. 
 
 I. 21. dpxrjv, use d adverbially, 'to begin with/ 
 
 1. 22. a/Tro<|>Xaupi<Ti. The mood looks like a reminiscence of the 
 oratio indirecta of the last paragraph. 
 
 1. 23. ola STJ etiras, 'having said so and so;' this is not a part of 
 Croesus' speech, but a remark put in by the writer to remind us of 
 Solon's saying without quoting all his words again. 
 
 ws T avTw. The construction is carried on from the sentence 
 before ; els 7yA0e Kal aTro<t>\avpiffei t &s T, K.T.\., ' and how everything 
 had turned out for him.' 
 
 1. 24. ovoe'v TI jxdXXov, * speaking not so much with reference to 
 himself as to the whole human race.' CCOVTOV refers to Croesus, the 
 main subject of the passage. The actual translation of the words is, 
 ' not at all more with reference to himself than ' etc., but the sense of 
 the words is that which is given above ; for it is a common Greek 
 idiom to use words that actually express less than is meant. For 
 example, ovx tftcio-Ta often stands in the sense of /xdAtara. 
 
 1. 25. irapd <r<j>Ccri avrotai, 'in their own eyes.' 
 
 I. 27. djjL|jLVT]S, perf. pass, from OLTTTCIV. TO. ircpico-xara, ' the edges.' 
 
 1. 32. TriX^djjLvov, 'having considered.' 
 
 1. 34. TTJV Taxto-TTjv, ' as quickly as possible.' Supply 65o*>, Curt. 
 405, obs. 2. 
 
 1. 36. TOV trvpos ImKpaTfjorat, ' to master the fire.* 
 
 4. 
 
 1. 4. i TI ol . . . 8cop^0T], ' if anything acceptable had been given him 
 at his hands.* 
 
 1. 7. $ al0pii]s. The preposition is not local. The meaning is not 
 that clouds gathered 'out of' the blue calm sky; but that 'after,' or 
 ' with a sudden change from ' calm, the clouds gathered. So in 3. 
 supra, dvaaTva.a.VTa K iro\\f)S jycri/xfy*' 
 
 L 12. dvYvwo-, taught' or 'persuaded you.' The 1st aor. has a 
 
7 8 NOTES. 
 
 factitive sense, as seen in tfirjffa from fiaivo). avtyvow means only ' re- 
 cognized.' See Curt. 329. 
 
 1. 15. TTJ o-fj p.v 6tj8cu|i,ovLY], i.e. urged thereto 'by thy good-luck, 
 and mine own ill-luck.' He speaks as if their respective fortunes had 
 been like powers of fate driving him on into mad and reckless acts. 
 
 1. 17. OVTCO dvoijTos tarn os TIS alpTau This is equivalent to ' nemo 
 est tarn demens qui bellnm malit;* os TIS has a qualitative force. 
 
 1. 1 8. V p.V -yap TJJ, sc. elprjvr). 
 
 1. 20. ravra, subject to ycveaOai. 
 
 III. THE STORY OF CYRUS. 
 
 1. 
 
 1. I. circ|j,ir lirl [TOVTOV~\ TWV pouKoXoov . . . TOV YJiricrTaTO . . . vl- 
 povra, ' he sent to that one of the herdsmen whom he knew to be 
 pasturing,' etc. 
 
 1. 2. mTT]8coTa.Tas, ' the most suitable,' for the purpose of Harpagus. 
 That is, ' most lonely/ or, * most dangerous ; ' where the child would be 
 sure to die speedily. 
 
 1. ii. OKOOS civ ... 8ia4>9ipeiT). This phrase is properly not a final 
 but a modal sentence. That is, it is not exactly equivalent to ' in order 
 that he may perish most quickly,' but, ' in the way in which he might 
 perish most quickly.' 
 
 1. 1 2. K\vcr cliTetv, ' he bade me tell thee.' 
 
 1. 13. TT6pnrotT|crT)s, ' spare it.' irepiiroieiv is equivalent to irotcTv nva 
 iTpiivcu t i.e. 'cause anyone to survive.' So we have biafyOetpai teal 
 ireptiroiTJaai, Hdt. 7. 52. 
 
 <r 8taxpTjo'a-0ai,, 'that thou shalt endure.' So in c. 167 OVTOI JAW 
 TWV QojKaiOJV Toiovra) fjiopa) SicxpfoavTo. Others render, K\va ti-ntiv, 
 6\0pa> [avTov~] ff dtaxprjfftffOai, ' that he (the king) will slay thee.' 
 
 1. 14. 7TOpdv KKt}Xvov, ' to see him exposed.' 
 
 2. 
 
 1. 3. TW 8* apa Kal avrw, now his own wi f e, just at that time, as fate 
 would have it, is delivered of a child, as the herdsman was gone away to 
 the city/ 
 
 1. 6. TOKOV dppco8ov. This verb is generally construed with an 
 accus., as d/>/xu5eW ou5ei> irprjyjjia, Hdt. 7. 51. But the genitive may be 
 used with it, as the thing about which one fears, on the analogy of deiaas 
 TWOS, Soph. O. T. 234. 
 
 1. 8. irrrr), ' stood by her.' 
 
 1. ii. TO IJUJTC ISciv 6<j>\ov. In this clause TO is object to itieiv, 
 4 which I fain would neither have seen.' In the second it seems simpler 
 
STORY OF CFRUS. III. i, 2. 79 
 
 to make it the subject to otyeXc, supplied from 6<p\ov. ' And which 
 never ought to have fallen.' Another way is to make rb, (ist), object 
 to -ideiv, and, (2nd), subject to ycvtffdai, both constructions being in 
 government with o<e\oi/. * Which I would I had never seen which I 
 would had never befallen.' 
 
 1. 19. TOV Tcuhra irt0jjLvov JJLOI, 'who had laid these injunctions on 
 me.' 
 
 1. 21. TWV rtvos oiKT(ov iv<u, ' that it belonged to one of the house- 
 servants.' 
 
 1. 23. icXcujfyjiov . . . 'Apirdyov, 'the open exhibition of mourning in 
 the house of Harpagus.' \v 'Apirdyov, sc. oi/cy. 
 
 1. 24. irpoKa re, ' at once.' irpoKa is always followed immediately in 
 Herodotus by TC, so that many editions write irpo/tare as one word. 
 
 1. 25. OepdirovTos, governed by nvvOdvo^ai. 
 
 1. 26. VXipt(7, ' put in my arms.' 
 s apa CIT], ' saying how he was,' etc. 
 
 1. 29. o8 coTTi, 'here he is.' Cyrus, it will be seen, was thus named 
 after his grandfather. 
 
 a|ia 84 \-y Kal direSciKwc. This use of /cal serves to point the 
 close or immediate coincidence of \eyeiv and dTrofeucvvtw. Cp. xpovos 
 8t<f>v KCU irdvTa. a<f>i tT]pTVTo, Hdt. i. 6i. Translate, 'even as he spoke 
 he uncovered and showed the child.' 
 
 1. 33. OUK (j>T] otos re tvcu, 'said he was not able. 1 
 
 1. 35. airo\cr0(H, that he shall perish.' The subject changes. 
 
 1. 38. <rv 8c wSc TTOITJO-OV, ' Do thou do thus.' Here Se introduces the 
 apodosis to the protasis that begins with tirei. This construction is 
 common in Homer, and is probably an imitation of poetical usage when 
 found in Herodotus. In Hdt. 5. 40 we find circl roivvv Trepiexoptvov <rc 
 6pop.V rfjs X IS yvvaiKC)?, ffv 8e ravra Trotee. See Curt. 628, obs. 
 
 1. 39. TCTOKO, T0veos, (sc. TKVOV\ have brought forth a still bora 
 child.' 
 
 1. 41. a\w<r(u d8iKwv, 'will be detected cheating.* 
 
 1. 42. ppov\vjxva. Herodotus frequently uses this plural of the 
 adjective or participle, as vofju^o^va can, 7. 2. So 5^Aa, ddvvaTa, etc., 
 and, in Homer, <f>vKTa, mard, in the sense of 'escape,' and ' trust.' 
 
 1. 44. Join Kapra with t Xeyeiv. 
 
 1. 47. TOVTOV jiv irapaSiSoi. Here fjtw introduces the apodosis to 
 the protasis rbv fj.lv etycpc. * The child which he was carrying, intend- 
 ing to put it to death, this he hands over to his own wife ; but his own 
 son,' etc. 
 
 1. 49. 4v TW ?<|>p, ' in which he had been carrying.' 
 
 1. 51. rpiTTj Tjp.p7], 'the third day after the child had been exposed.' 
 But the Greek idiom, literally, is, ' the third day had come for the child 
 exposed.' 
 
8o NOTES. 
 
 1. 52. TtoV TtVO, irpopoCTKCOV ! SCC SUpra TWV TlVa OiKTOt}V. 
 
 ! 53- *s TOV 'ApTrdyov, sc. oT/cov, as above,, ev 'Apirayov. See Curt. 
 4" 
 
 1. 56. i8e Sid TOVTCOV, lit. ' saw by their means.' The phrase may be 
 compared with the name given in the next section to the king's principal 
 officer, 6(f)0a\fjibs jSacnAeo?. 
 
 1. 57. vaTpov TOVTOOV, ' subsequently.' 
 
 3. 
 
 1. 3. avrat, i. e. the fiovrcoXicu mentioned above, in the earlier part of 
 the story. 
 
 1. 6. tmKXTjo-iv, 'they chose as their own king the so-called child of 
 the herdsman.' With ciriicXrjffiv may be supplied /cateojjitvov, the noun 
 then standing as cognate or adverbial accusative to the participle. So 
 in Homer, lirix\^ffiv Ka\ovai, ' they call by the sur-name,' or krbt\iftri9 
 without a verb, as 'here, = ' nominally.' See Curt. 404. The force of 
 m is that the name is properly an additional or extra title, given for 
 some particular reason. 
 
 1. 9. ws tKao-Tco tpyov irpocrrao-orcov, ' appointing to each one severally 
 his duty.' This use of ws to bring out the distributive force of Jfjcaaros 
 depends upon some such completion of the sentence in the mind, as 
 irpoffraffffcuv tKaarq) Hpyov us kKaara) Trpoffrdaaoi, ' mandans cuique opus 
 faciendum ut cuique mandabat? So Hdt. 6. 31 OKWS 5e Xa/3ot riva T&V 
 vrjffojv us kKaarr]V aipcovTes ol fiapfiapoi kaayrjvevov rovs avOp&Trovs, 
 which is equivalent to ot fiapfiapoi aipovTS ras vrjaovs, us /cdffrrji/ 
 aipeoiev, K. r. \. 
 
 1. 10. is 8T\ . . . eK\V a^Tov. The sentence would naturally run 
 eva . . . ffvp.TraiovTa . . . trceXcve, but it begins with the nominative case, 
 as though els were the subject to eiroirjffc, which of course is impossible, 
 as iroir)(T is really in a parenthesis introduced by yap. 
 
 1. 13. 8iaXa|3tv, 'to arrest,' lit. = tKarepoodev XafieaOat, 'to seize hand 
 and foot,' or, ' to seize round the waist.' 
 
 1. 14. irpinr, aor. 2. (from ircpuTro;), infin. irepiffTrew, imperf. 
 
 TTpllTTOV. 
 
 1. 15. |jLTi0T], aor. pass, from ptrifjiu, (jtfOhjfu). CTTCL T . . . Tdxto"Ta 
 
 = ' quum primum' 
 
 1. 16. fjidXXov TI, 'he was more wounded by the disgrace (avaia) than 
 by the bodily pain.' 
 
 1. 17. <xiroiKTiTO, 'he complained of what he had suffered at the 
 hands of Cyrus.' r\vrr\a- (ai/raca} lit. ' met with.' 
 
 1. 1 8. ov Kvpov, i. e. oi>x VTTO Kvpov, ' not saying he had suffered it at 
 the hands of " Cyrus," but from,' etc. 
 
 1. 20. cpyfj ws ix ' uf eraf > i ra percitus* Similar uses of the verb 
 are eu cx e ' a<r<t>a>XeoJS X IV * W& ^ v ws ex /* 6 ^ Ko^v^Qa. is 2,'tpiv, etc. 
 
STORY OF CYRUS. III. 3, 4. 8 1 
 
 1. 36. Xo-yov *x ovScva (r&v cTriraaaoutvuv), 'made no account of 
 them.' \yciv properly means to ' reckon/ ' count/ 'tell/ and so \6yo$ 
 keeps up this sense in its meaning of ' account/ 
 cs o, as in Homer, els o KC, * until/ 
 
 1. 3. upocr<{>po-9ai es ICOVTOV, 'to resemble himself;' that is, as we 
 say, ' to resemble his own/ 
 
 \u0po>TpT], sc. ^ Kara SovAov iraida, ' more independent/ than a 
 slave's child would utter. 
 
 1. 6. 4m xpovov, 'for a while/ 
 
 8t] KOTC = ' tandem aliquando' dvcvcix^^is. See on dvevcifcdfjicvov 
 (Chap. II. 3). Perhaps here with the implied sense of 'having re- 
 covered from ' his astonishment (krcTrXayeis). 
 
 1. 10. ir|iiri, 'dismisses/ 
 
 1. 12. jJiovvwOevTa, 'after he had been left by himself.' 
 
 1. 17. dvd-yicas jtc-ydXas, 'a great strait/ An euphemism for torture. 
 Cp. Tac. Hist. I. 2, ' Supremae clarorum virorum necessitates* 
 
 1. 19. TOV lovra Xoyov, ' the real story/ 
 
 1. 21. KaTJ3aive es XITCIS, 'went on to entreaties/ Kara&aivfiv (only 
 expressing the opposition to apx^^ros), is here construed both with 
 h Atrdy and with KeXcvcov. With the later construction cp. /caT@aiv 
 aurij irapaiTo[j,vos, Hdt. I. 90. 
 
 1. 23. Xo-yov TJ8t], ' from that moment made much less account of him/ 
 His only interest in the herdsman was his desire to get the truth out of 
 him; when that was done (77877), he had served his purpose. 
 
 1. 32. irotT|crco is probably the i aor. conjunct., as it is not uncommon 
 to have in final sentences, after a past tense, the conjunct, first (TTOI^(TQJ\ 
 followed by the optative (cn;*'). The former mood denotes the primary 
 object or design. 
 
 1. 35. <j>ds ere T tvai. Here we should expect <f>as re, coupling 
 KaXccras with <pas, but the order of words is inverted. The Gram- 
 marians call this figure Hyperbaton (virep-fiaivav). 
 
 1. 37. Kara rdSc, 'in the following way/ Then cvreiXajjicvos follows 
 to explain what way that was. 
 
 1. 39. axpt o\> TXVTT|<rt, ' till he shall die/ 
 
 1. 40. iTLTXa TTOLTJCTTJ, equivalent to ZmTcXeffri. 
 
 1. 42. t5ov 81' KLVCOV. See above 2 ad fin. 
 
 1. 43. OVTCOS lo-xc, 'such was the case/ 
 
 1. 47. TOV oi evctxc xoXov, = ' quam in ipsuni intus habebat iram. 9 
 
 1, 48. KaTOLirep = fcaQ' dVep, * quemadmodum' 
 
 1.50. iraXiXXoYTlTO. ira\i\\ojiv = Tra\iv Xeyeiv. ' When the story 
 had been repeated by him/ sc. TO irprjyfj,a. 
 
 KaTJ3cuve Xcycav. See above, fcar^aivc ks kiras. 
 G 
 
83 NOTES. 
 
 1. 52. <|>T) Xfywv is a pleonasm not uncommon in Herodotus. It is 
 usually found at the point of change from oratio obliqua to directa. ' He 
 went on to say.' 
 
 Kajj,vov fxeyaXcos, ' I was sore distrest, and I reckoned it not as a 
 light matter being put at an enmity with my daughter.' 
 
 1. 54. TOVTO JA^V . . . TOVTO 8c. See above (Chap. II. 2). 
 
 1. 56. or<rTpa, ' thank-offerings for preservation to those of the gods 
 to whom this honour is due.' 
 
 5. 
 
 1. I. irpo(ncvvT|<ras. The Oriental salutation, as frequently in the 
 Bible, 'bowed down with his face to the earth.' 
 
 I. 2. |A'Y<5Aa' iroiTjadjjLcvos, ' thinking it a great matter.' 
 
 f| djxap-) as ... YY V ' his disobedience had turned out so well 
 for him, and that under such lucky circumstances he had been bidden.' 
 
 1. 5. rpia Kai Beica KOV jxaXiaTa, * near about thirteen.' 
 
 1. 10. Kara fjicXea, 'limb by limb;' like the Homeric 5ta/*eA.ei'(m 
 
 1. 15. rot) iraiSos, genitive after ra d\\a ir&vra. 
 
 1. 20. Kal KapTa f|a0T)vai, ' that he had been very much delighted.' 
 KOL goes directly with fcapra, as above, Kal jjiyd\Qj$, etc. 
 
 Totcri Trpoo-KLTo, the antecedent to roiai is the unexpressed subject 
 to TTap<pepov : ' illi quibus erat mandatum.' 
 
 1. 22. irpoo-TclvTCS or irpoffaTavTes. See note on Chap. II. 3.!. u. 
 
 1. 25. ovre . . . YVT<U. This combination of ovre ... re is unusual: 
 we might expect ov/c kgeirXdyrj, d\\d . . . yiverai, or perhaps cure le- 
 irXdyrj oijre ercrbs kwvrov yiverai. But cp. otcws JJLTJTC d\ia0tV en oi 'A6rj~ 
 vaioi, diaffK5afffiyoi T6 tier. Translate, ' He showed no horror, but 
 refrains himself,' lit. becomes within himself, i. e. in his own control. 
 
 1. 27. pcpptoKoi, from PifipuffKu. 
 
 1. 30. 4vTv0v Be, ' and after that, he was going, I suppose, to collect 
 all (the remains) together and bury them.' e/*eA.\, ' was likely,' ex- 
 presses the writer's notion of what would probably happen. 
 
 6. 
 
 1. 2. a\\cas . . . *X, sc. fyX&ffcu, ' was able (to show it) in no other 
 way.' There were guard-houses and patrols at all the bridges and 
 passes on these roads. 
 
 1. 4. Xayov jjiT]xavTjo-dp.vos. The way in which he ' prepared ' the 
 hare, was by slitting it up, and ' plucking off none of the fur, but [leav- 
 ing it] just as it was;' then he inserted his letter, and 'sewed it up 
 again.' We should expect after ovdev dirortAas [aTTOTtAAa/j, to find 
 another participle like Icwras Sc uaircp e?xe. 
 
STORY OF CYRUS. III. 5-7, 83 
 
 1. 7. arc 0T)pvrfj, ' as though to a huntsman.' 
 
 1. 9. Join diro y^"' <ri is with cirenrelv, ' to bid Cyrus by word of 
 mouth.' Kvpov is the subject to SteXeiv, p,T]8va to irapeivai. 
 
 1. 13. ir\YTo, 'read it over/ lit. pondered its meaning; cp. II.- 3. 
 1.32. 
 
 1. 14. <T -yap 0oi. This sentence really gives the reason for the 
 imperative rtcrat, the force of yap here being, ' " inasmuch" as the Gods 
 regard thee, " therefore " avenge thyself upon/ etc. 
 
 1. 17. Kara (lev -yap, 'for, as far as his intention went, thou art a dead 
 man/ The full form of the sentence would be TO \itv yap Kara TTJV 
 rovrov irpoOvjjLirjv . . . TO 8c tcara Ocoiis, 'for on the one hand . . . but on the 
 other, thanks to the gods and me, thou livest/ But TO plv is not expressed. 
 
 1. 1 8. Kal TrdXai, 'long, long ago.' 
 
 irdvTa is here subdivided into ' both what you suffered and what I 
 suffered/ 
 
 1. 22. T-fjO-rrcp, ' cuius terrae dominus est Astyages, huius tu eris dominus.' 
 
 1. 26. 4jv re . . . MTjScov, 'or if any one else of the notable Medes ' be 
 chosen general. 
 
 1. 27. irpos o-co -ysvojAtvoi, 'taking your side.' So irpos TWOS emu. See 
 Curt. 467. 
 
 1. 29. TOO) -ye 6v0d8, 'matters here being all ready.' 
 
 7. 
 
 1. 2. Fvv8T|. Gyndes is probably the modern Diyalah for Cyrus was 
 on the march from Ecbatana. Otherwise the Gangir, which is actually 
 divided at Mendalli into a multitude of petty streams, might seem to 
 have a better claim. 
 
 1. 3. cicSiSot, 'empties/ 
 
 1. 4. TOVTOV STJ. The original construction of the paragraph beginning 
 with TTiT is forgotten after the parenthetical description of the Gyndes, 
 and is taken up again in an altered form by els Siafiaiveiv t-rreipaTo, the 
 apodosis to which is introduced by IvBavra. 
 
 1. 6. tpwv ininov. These horses were dedicated to the sun (Mithras), 
 and drew the sacred chariot of Zeus (Ormuzd). 
 vpptos, ' petulantia? ' skittishness/ 
 
 1. 8. o-vjjLvJ/Tio-as, (^acw), ' having swept him away/ carried him off 
 under its waters, <f>pcw [uv virofipvxiov. 
 
 1. 9. TO-UTO rppio-avTt. See Curt. 401. 
 
 1. 10. TOV XOLTTOV. See Curt. 426. 
 
 1. II. Kal -yvvaticas, ' that even women should cross it/ 
 
 1. 12. |iTis, (ut0ir]iM\ ' having abandoned.' 
 
 1. 14. Ko,TTiv . . . 8io>puxas, ' he marked out and drew 1 80 channels 
 by the straight line.' It seems simpler thus to take viro8^as as merely 
 meaning, ' designans ducendas, sc. fossas ; ' others make O-XOIVOTVIS a 
 
 G 2 
 
84 NOTES. 
 
 predicate both with Kartreive and vTroSe^as. This use of a cord to trace 
 a straight line is found in Homer, though under different circumstances, 
 where Odysseus squares his balks of timber KOI kwl araO^v 'iOvvtv. 
 
 1. 16. -rravTa Tpoirov, ' in every direction.' As there were 180 channels 
 branching from either bank of the river, the total number was 360. 
 
 1. 17. ola, like are, = ' quippe' ' utpote? is often used with participles 
 and genitives absolute. See Curt. 587. 6. 
 
 1. 18. IJVCTO, from avetv, Ionic form of dvvciv. Cp. Horn. OcK 5. 243 
 Oows Se of TJVVTO epyov. 
 
 TT)V 06pl1T]V, SC. &prjV, SO TTJV XClpfplVT)V, Hdt. I. 2O2. 
 
 1. 19. cunrot) raiJTT), lit. ' there in that place ' = ' in that same place.' 
 So often in Homer, avrov T<5' 
 
 ^8. 
 
 1. 3- t>ircXa|jnr, properly used of the break of day ; here applied to 
 spring, as the dawn of the year. In Hdt. 8. 130, we have eapos 
 
 1. 6. cr<reo0VTs, from effaooo, a dialectical form of the ordinary rjffadoj. 
 
 1. 9. irpo-cr-a,avTO, Ionic I aor. from Trpoeadyopai, ' brought before- 
 hand into the city.' 
 
 1. 10. Xoyov ov8va. See above, 3. 1. 36. 
 
 1. 12. dvo)Tpeo . . . irpoKoiTTO|jLva)v, 'and since his affairs were ad- 
 vancing not one whit the farther/ The metaphor in irpoKoirTiv is from 
 pioneers cutting and clearing away in front of an advancing army. 
 
 1. 14. TO ironr]TOv ol TJV = ' quid sibi erat faciendum? 
 
 1. 1 6. c (jipo\^s, 'just off the inlet/ where the river flows into 
 the city. 
 
 1. 17. omo-06, as we say ' below;' the city is regarded as facing up the 
 stream. The combination of curao-av with Irepovs seems inaccurate ; 
 the difficulty may be avoided by supplying erepovs before the words ! 
 l/ijSoA-T/s, ' he posted all his serviceable troops, some at the inlet, others at 
 the outfall.' 
 
 1. 24. \ifxvrjv lovaav \os. This was a lake or reservoir which had 
 been dug by the Babylonian queen Nitocris, as part of her engineering 
 works on the channel of the Euphrates. This reservoir was now 
 a marsh. 
 
 1. 25. {nrovoorTT|<ravTOs, 'having sunk down.' 
 
 1. 28. Join ws with (xaXwrrcL KTJ, to which it adds a general or 
 indefinite force = ' as near as may be to a man's mid-thigh.' 
 
 Kara TOVTO resumes Kara TO p&Opov, after the parenthesis virovevo- 
 ffTTjtcoTos . . . KTj, * along it, I repeat.' 
 
 1. 31. ov8' olv.. 8t4>0ipav, ' the Babylonians, having not so much as 
 suffered the Persians to enter the city, would have destroyed them 
 utterly.' This literal translation shows that the whole sentence is an 
 
STORF OF CFRUS. III. 8, 9. 85 
 
 affirmative one, and that the negative ouSe belongs only to Trpu86vTs. 
 The position of the av may be accounted for, because it belongs to 
 TrcpudovTes as well as to di<pQipav, the sentence really consisting of two 
 clauses (though blended into one by the use of the participle), ovb' av 
 TrcpiciSov . . . xdttiffTCL &v Si<f)0ipav. In the next sentence we have KCLTO.- 
 K\7jicravTs av . . . \af3ov av fftycas. Here the first av serves as a signal 
 to show that the form of the sentence is conditional, and the particle is 
 repeated, when, after the long parenthesis, the principal verb occurs. 
 
 1. 33. rets iru\l8as 4s TOV troTafAov xot(ras, the participle used with 
 intransitive sense, as we say, 'giving on the river.' The river flowed 
 through the city, dividing it into two main sections. Along each bank 
 of the river ran a low brick wall (aifiaairj). The city intersected by 
 streets at right angles to each other ; some of them, parallel to the 
 river, the others leading directly down to it, and ending in a wicket 
 (jrvXis). 
 
 1. 36. vvv 8c, the antithesis to el pev vvv, above, line 32. 
 irap<TTT]crav <r<j>i, 'were upon them.' 
 
 1. 38. oiKT]jAvcov, equivalent in sense to the more usual OIKCOVTQJV. 
 
 TCOV . . . laXwKoTojv, ' after that the parts about the outskirts of the 
 city had been taken.' There is nothing surprising in the story that the 
 inhabitants of the central part of the city knew nothing of this, when we 
 consider the dimensions that Herodotus gives us of the city of Babylon; 
 describing it as a square, each side of which was 120 stadia, or 480 
 stadia in all, representing a circuit of about 55 English miles. 
 
 1. 39. fjLav0dviv, the infinitive is made to depend upon the verb in the 
 parenthetical sentence, cts \eyerai viro rwv ravry otter] ptvow. So in Hdt. 
 l. 65 ws 8e avrol \tyovffi Avrcovpyov kfc Kprjrrjs dyaytaOai ravra, where 
 the infinitive stands as if Xe^ovai and not &s Xeyovai had preceded. 
 
 1. 42. Kal TO Kapra, lit. ' found it out very much indeed/ that is, 
 learned it in terrible earnest. 
 
 1. 43. TOT irpwTov. Babylon was taken a second and a third time 
 by Darius Hystaspes. 
 
 dpcupTjTo, Ionic form of the pluperf. pass, of alpioi. In Attic the 
 perf. and pluperf. are yprjpai and yprj^v respectively. 
 
 9. 
 
 1. I. Mcur<raY6T6<ov. The Massagetae lived eastward of the Caspian, 
 probably on the most southern portion of the Steppe region, the deserts 
 of Kharesm. Kizilkhoum, etc. 
 
 1. 3. TCO \6-yco, * in pretence.' He was not wooing her for herself, but 
 for her kingdom. 
 
 1. 4. |xtv = Kvpov, not to be joined with avrrjv. 
 
 1. 5. dimiraTO, ' forbade him.' 
 
86 NOTES. 
 
 1. 6. irpocxwpce, used impersonally, ' seeing that he got no advantage 
 by guile/ lit. that it did not advance for him. 
 
 'Apdgrjs. Probably we must understand by the Araxes, in this 
 passage, the Jaxartes (Sir), and not the historical Araxes or Aras ; or 
 else the Oxus (Amoo). Possibly the name Aras or Rhawas given by the 
 natives to all streams, which would account for Herodotus' perplexity. 
 
 1. 8. 8id|3a(nv, in predicative apposition to yt<pvpas, ' to afford a 
 passage/ The ' towers ' built upon the boats that ' served to ferry them 
 across,' were to prevent the bridge being attacked and broken up by the 
 enemy. 
 
 1. 12. MTjScwv. In the time of Herodotus the distinction between 
 Median and Persian was hardly recognized. 
 
 iravaui . . . orovScis, * stop busying yourself with your present 
 business.' This form of sentence is like XP^J V ^7 ff iroitetv rci iroietis, 
 'facere quae fads' 
 
 1. 13. 4s Kaipov, ' to thine advantage.' 
 
 1. 15. f|p,as dvxv 6pwv, ' endure seeing ' (that is, ' endure to 
 see') 'us.' 
 
 1. 16. OVK wv. In Attic prose we should expect the sentence to run, 
 Trel OVK (Oe\r)(Tis, ' since thou wilt not choose * . . . av be, <f>fpc, poxQov 
 d(f>s, ' therefore give up the toil.' But here, instead of the one part of the 
 sentence being made dependent on the other, the meaning is given 
 in two separate clauses, ' thou certainly wilt not choose ; ' ' do thou 
 then/ etc. 
 
 1. 1 7. dAAcl . . . ivai, * but anything rather than keep quiet.' 
 81' TIO-VXITJS is like 5t' dpyrjs, dici $6&ov elvat. See Curt. 458 c. 
 
 1. 25. o-vp,j3o-u\v6}jievos . . . iroteT), 'consulting with them which of 
 the two he shall do.' TTOICTJ, deliberative conjunctive. 
 
 1. 26. crvvm'nTOv, ' the opinions of them all coincided together.' 
 The metaphor in avv-c/c-TriirTeiv is from the tyrjtyoi or voting pebbles 
 being emptied out of the urn. Here it is easily applied to -yvw^a-i, that 
 word being equivalent to i/;rj<poi in its general sense. 
 
 10. 
 
 1. 3. tirov . . . on . . . diro(rTp4iv. Sometimes in Greek, though 
 the dependent sentence begins with on, the infinitive mood follows 
 instead of a finite tense. It is more common when a long parenthesis 
 comes in between, during which the force of on has been, it may be 
 said, forgotten. Here there is no such reason, and the construction 
 must be accounted for on the ground that on serves only as a mark to 
 show where the quoted words begin. What Croesus had said irporfpov 
 to Cyrus was, eTm re /zc Oeoi eoouKav oov\6v aoi, SIKCUO), d n tvopcca 
 ir\eov, ffrjfjiaiveiv 001, Hdt. I. 89. 
 
 1. 5. TraOTjjjLara jxa0TjjJiaTa. Appearing in Aeschylus in the shorter 
 
STORY OF CFRUS. III. ro, n. 87 
 
 form 7ra0oy, /mflos. In English, 'pain* and 'gain' would give some- 
 thing of the intentional jingle. 
 
 1. 7. TOiavrTjs, i.e. dOavarov. 
 
 1. 8. ouScv irp-rj-yiJia, ' no good/ 
 
 1. 10. KVK\OS. The same idea as in the Wheel of Fortune. 
 
 1. 12, i]8Tj wv, * without more ado then.' " V H5?7 introduces the 
 application of these remarks to the present case. Its use implies that 
 the opinion of Croesus which follows is the immediate consequence of 
 the views stated above." Woods, note ad loc. 
 
 1. 13. Td SjJiiraXiv t), 'the very contrary to.' Adverbial accusative 
 with yvwi*r)v ZXQ). 
 
 1. 15. irpocrairoXXiJCis, ' thou losest therewith.' 
 
 1. 1 7. ir* dpxds, the plural expressing ' provinces,' or perhaps ' satra- 
 pies.' 
 
 1. 1 8. 4Xai<ri,, fut. contracted from cXavvcu. So below lA.as. 
 
 1. 19. VIKUV Maoraa-ycras comes in awkwardly here. It is a sort of 
 echo of vuctiav Se at the beginning of the sentence, and it serves to limit 
 the vagueness of VIKO.V to the special hypothesis of ' supposing you to 
 conquer the Massagetae.' But,' after all, the clause is superfluous. 
 
 1. 20. TWVTO -yo-p, ' for against that notion I will set this (as an alter- 
 native).' TOJVTO is explained by the words on . . . Topvpios. In Kivo> 
 he refers to his previous words VIK&VTSS MafffferytTeu ov rb oiriaoj <j>cv- 
 OVTCLI, aAA' ITT* dpxas Tas ffds \uffi. 
 
 1. 21. TTJS a-px^s, genit. after lOu. 
 
 1. 22. d7nr]YT]fJiVov, from a deponent verb, but with a passive force, as 
 elsewhere in Hdt. fJLefJuprjfjLtvov, Karp^aa^ov. 
 
 1. 24. Siapdvras is the accusative because it forms the subject to infin. 
 irpocXOctv, 'that we having crossed the river, advance over as much 
 [ground] as they pass through [in their retreat before us].' 
 
 1. 25. TciSe irouOvras, * acting as follows.' rd8 is explained by the, 
 paragraph beginning rovroiai >v roiffi dvdpdffi. 
 
 1. 29. irpo0iv(u is in the same construction as the infinitives TrpoeXOeiv 
 and Treipdadai above, namely, after dotceci. ' My view is that we having 
 with lavish hand killed many of our sheep, should set before these men 
 a feast.' 
 
 1. 32. TO <j>\avpoTaTov = that part of his army which is called above 
 TO dxprjtov TOV arparov. 
 
 1. 36. diroSi^is. So Hdt. I. 59 pya dirofegdfjLWOt (a7roSe///t;/-) 
 
 11. 
 
 1. i. o-vvco-Tcwrav, 'were at variance,' ' clashed together.' 
 
 1. 4. KaTd = /ca0 J &, ' prout' 
 
 1. 6. 48C8ov. Notice the force of the tense, ' was giving ; ' i.e. pur- 
 
88 NOTES. 
 
 posed to give. This custom of the Persian king, to name a successor 
 before he took the field, is mentioned by Herodotus, 7. 2 dfi iuv 
 dnodegavra @affi\a Kara rov Hcpfftow vopov OVTCU ffTpa.Tvecr6ai. 
 
 1. 13. KaOapov,' 'able-bodied:' lit. 'clean' or 'clear,' without the 
 hindrance of TO dxpfjiov. 
 
 1. 1 6. ci\^o|jLvovs, from pres. dAeoyucu, 'though defending them- 
 selves,' i.e. notwithstanding their resistance. 
 
 1. 17. l86vTs, agreeing by a constructio ad sensum with the noun of 
 multitude Tpnrjuopls, Curt. 362. 
 
 12. 
 
 1. 3. jjujS^v lirapOfjs ... el ... cicpdrqaas, ' Be not elated . . . that 
 . . . you have overmastered.' The words TOIOVTU (papnaKw resume and 
 explain diweXiva) Kapmo). 
 
 1. 6. 7ravair\a>iv, ' come bubbling up to the lips.* 
 
 1. 8. ica/rd TO KapTpov is the antithesis to SoXcoo-as. 
 
 1. 9. vitroXapc TOV Xoyov, ' accept my proposal.' 
 
 1. ii. KaTvpptaas TpiTK]fjiopi8i. For this unusual construction with 
 dative cp. a^aX^an tearayeXdv, Hdt. 3. 37. 
 
 1. 14. cir&>v dvV6ix0VT(ov, 'verborum quae renuntiabantur? from 
 dva<f)piv. 
 
 1. 1 6. civfjKc, 'set him free,' i.e. by its effects passing off. dviwai is a 
 picturesque word, analogous to the expression drjaas Qptvas owy. 
 iva TJV KaKoO. See Curt. 638. i. 
 
 1. 17. TVX sc. rov XvOrjvat, 'obtained [his freedom].' 
 
 1. 1 8. TWV x^ipwv Kpdrrjo-, 'got the use of his hands.' 
 
 13. 
 
 1. 3. com, sc. ravTrjv rty fJLax7]v [iracrecav] offai. 
 
 1. 5. OVTCO TOVTO -yv6jivov, ' that the affair took place as follows.' 
 
 1. 8. <rvvxeo-0ai, they closed.' 
 
 1. ii. avrov TavTQ. See above 7 ad fin. 
 
 1. 12. T<X irdvTa, 'in all,' sc. from B.C. 558-529. 
 
 1. 14. ISi^'HTO. The verb 8t'-eti/ is really a reduplication of the same 
 root that appears in ij-TTv (77 = 8/77). In the middle voice the forms 
 mfaaOai and fii(rjff$ai are both used by Herodotus. 
 
 1. 1 7. 6TTXY, ' uttered them over (ewt) the body.' 
 
 IV. CAMBYSES IN EGYPT. 
 
 1. 
 
 1. i. Hr]Xou<r(p. The Pelusiac mouth of the Nile was the most 
 easterly of the seven branches. It was so called from the city of 
 Pelusium on its right bank. 
 
CAMBYSES IN EGYPT, IV. i, 2. 89 
 
 1. 3. TYJV avvBpov, sc. yrjv. 
 
 1. 6. irXT|0'C iroXXwv. So we find Hdt. I. 51 fjLlyaOei fjLya\ovs. 
 
 1. 9. KaTi\T]0VTa)V, (/ttiTCiAccii'), ' cooped up.' 
 
 1. 10. dvd iroTajAov, 'up the river/ sc. the Nile. The fleet of Cam- 
 byses contained Phoenician, Cyprian, and Ionian ships, as well as ships 
 from Lesbos, the chief city of which is Mytilene. 
 
 1. 13. d\S, (from d\?)s), 'all together,' ' en masse.' The same root 
 appears in the word tixifav, but d\ijs does not occur in Attic writers, 
 who use dOpoos instead. 
 
 1. 1 6. irap&TTYjcrav, * in deditionem venerunf.' 
 
 irpo(TXS, 'adjoining the Egyptians.' This includes the various 
 communities of Libyans settled between the Egyptians in the East and 
 Cyrene and Barca in the West. See Hdt. 4. 168-172. 
 
 1.19. TdavTo. Notice the force of the middle voice, = ' tributum 
 sibi ipsis imposuerunt / 
 
 1. 20. CLOUDS Kal, as in Lat. 'deque ac. 9 
 
 Tpa Toiaura takes up the words above, from irap&oaav to 
 
 irfJl1TOV. 
 
 2. 
 
 1. i. Ttxos, ' the citadel/ or ' fort.' So the forts in Scythia are 
 spoken of as OKTCO rtix^a neya\a, Hdt. 4. 124. 
 
 1. 2. Kario-as eirl XtifiTj, 'having made him sit there, by way of 
 degradation.' So in Soph. Aj. Im \&0a. 
 
 1. 5. 8iiTipaTo T-fjs vj/vx-qs, 'put his courage to the test/ 
 <rriXas goes with o-0Tyrt, ' having equipped/ 
 
 1. 6. ir s v8(op, as we say, ' for water/ 
 
 I. 8. diroX^jjas must not be taken directly with dvSpwv, but ira/>- 
 B&vovs is to be supplied again, in the sense of 'virgin daughters/ or 
 else oi7roAe'as may stand as a parenthetical sentence, ' having selected 
 them/ 
 
 1. 9. irapYjurav, (vapt&ai), ' passed by/ 
 
 1. ii. dvTKXaiov, 'wept responsive to their daughters' tears/ 
 
 1. 12. Kv\|/. This means that his head was bowed so that his 
 features were not seen, as the procession passed. 
 
 1. 1 3. 8VTpa, adverbial, = ' next/ 
 
 1. 15. SeSejJicvous. The participle agrees, by a construct ad sensum, 
 with rov iraT8a fj.fr' d\\(av, because these words are really equivalent to 
 a plural, i.e. rov iraida /cat d\\ovs. 
 
 1. 1 7' MvTiX-rjvaicov is genit. after roTai diroXofifvoiai. 
 
 1. 23. ivd irottlvT(ov, 'sore distrest at it,' lit. making a terrible 
 thing of it. 
 
 TWVTO . . . Otryarpl, ' he only did the same that he had done at his 
 daughter ['s passing]/ 
 
 1. 24. <rwrjviK, ' it fell out/ ' happened/ W<TT follows with infini- 
 
90 NOTES. 
 
 live, as in Hdt. I. 74 ovrtjfcilff &ffT TTJS pax 1 ! 5 ffvvcarfuffrjs rty - 
 egamvojs VVKTCL yweaOai. 
 
 TWV crv|AiroToav ol avSpa, 'a man of his boon companions.' For 
 this use of of, the ethical dative, see Curt. 432 foil. 
 
 1. 25. d<j>-f]Xi is properly one who has passed the prime or fj\iKia,= 
 us diro rrjs TjXifcias wv. 
 
 eKTrcTTTeoKora K TWV IOVTCOV, ' qvi ex bonis exciderat* 'who had 
 been deprived of his property,' lit. of what was [his] ; cp. the expression 
 17 ove'ia. 
 
 1. 26. ocra iraoxos, sc. x t t ^ e supplied out of xovra. 
 irpooxuTcovTa, ' begging an alms of the army.' 
 
 1. 30. TT\T)aTO. Notice the middle voice, as expressing an action 
 done upon one's self. 
 
 1. 31. <J>vXaKoi. See on II. 1. 1. 8. 
 
 1. 32. IKCIVOV, so TO \K Kvpov Ttpoaro.yQkv. 
 
 ir* 4i<do-Tfl 68w = 'each time the procession passed,' lit. at each 
 going forth. 
 
 1. 38. irpoo-TjicovTa, ' related.' 
 
 1. 40. dvaK\aiiv, supply \i*.k as subject. 
 
 1. 43. cm yt\paos ovSw, the same words in II. 24. 486. 
 
 Kat ravra . . . Kpourov. In this sentence, both SOKCCIV and SaKpveiv 
 depend really, though not grammatically, on \-yTai. It is said that 
 these things pleased him; it is said that Croesus wept;' but this con- 
 struction is confused by the insertion of us before \cycrcu. See for 
 same construction III. 8. 1. 39. Then there is a difficulty about us 
 drrveixOevTa. On the analogy of similar sentences in Herodotus, we 
 might supply ijKovffe, 'when [he heard] these things reported by the 
 messenger, [it is said] that they seemed to him to have been well said.' 
 Or perhaps, ' [it is said] that these things, as reported by the messenger, 
 seemed,' etc. 
 
 1. 46. 7runr6|Xvos, from tiriffnecrOai, in its simplest sense, 'following,' 
 ' accompanying.' 
 
 1. 47. o-\0iv, ' stole into his heart.' 
 
 1. 48. TOV TC ot irat8a, like rtav GVIJLTTOT&QJV ol dvSpa sup. 
 
 ol TWV diroXXv(jivwv. The present tense keeps its full force ; ' those 
 who were in the way of death ; ' or actually ' being slain,' for the 
 massacre had begun. 
 
 1. 49. dvao-TTjo-avTas, agreeing with nvas, the subject to dyftv, under- 
 stood. 
 
 1. 51. oi fjtTi6vTs, 'those who went for him.' Cp. the common use 
 of jj.6Tpxe00ai- 
 
 1. 53. cvOa, i. e. irapd Ka^varf. TOV XoiiroO. See Curt. 426. 
 exwv ov8cv Piaiov, ' enduring no severities.' 
 
 1. 54. iroXvirpT)'yH' ov LV <to be over-busy/ This is a sort of euphe- 
 
CAMBYSES IN EGYPT. IV. 2, 3. 9! 
 
 mism for 'promoting revolt/ like the familiar phrases, vcarcpifav, 
 ' novas res struere? 
 
 (vn-e'paXe dv, 'would have got back.' diro\afji(3aveiv, of taking 
 again what is your own. There was once a dispute, in the time of 
 Demosthenes, between Philip and the Athenians, turning on the point 
 whether he should be said 8ovvai or airoo'ovvai, in the case of certain 
 possessions to which they laid claim and which he was willing to cede ; 
 but here Psammenitus would only have been a satrap, for he was not 
 said (3affi\Viv but ZiriTpoirevctv. 
 
 1. 56. T<OV, ( = $iv @acri\Qjv), depends upon roTffi *yc iraial, but the 
 relative was forgotten after the parenthesis, and so the demonstrative 
 aurwv is introduced. 
 
 1. 59. amo-ras v\\w, 'was caught disaffecting/ 
 
 3. 
 
 1. 6. 6 AlOiovJ/, ' the Ethiopian king/ So we find, in a corresponding 
 sense, o AvSoy, o M^5os. 
 
 1. 7. KaroTrrai, predicate, ' as spies.' 
 
 1. 9. Tro\\oO irpOTi|Jic)v, 'valuing very highly:' lit. preferring beyond 
 much; the genitive is used because of the comparative force in the 
 verb. See on I. 3 TOV av TTQLGL Tvpavvoun irpoeTtjjujcra jxe^yaAcov XP 1 !" 
 jjidrcav Is \6yovs tXBtlv. 
 
 1. 1 6. OVTCO cvTrcTccos, * as easily as this.' Here we must suppose the 
 Ethiopian king draws the bow with scarcely an effort. 
 
 1. 17. ir\T|0t inrppa\X6}jLvov, sc. rovs AlOioTras. So -jrdvras vzrep- 
 pa\\6jj.fvos T> vipi, Hdt. 2. 175. 
 
 1. 19. irl voov Tpaimv TIVI is used by Herodotus in the sense of 'in 
 animum inducere alicui,' ' to put it into any one's mind.' So iroiteiv km 
 voov, Hdt. I. 27. 
 
 1. 20. TTpoo-KTclo-Oat TTJ coovTwv, ' to acquire in addition to their own.' 
 
 1. 21. Toto-t ^KOVO-L, sc. the messengers who had come, and who were 
 then in his presence. 
 
 1. 25. eliravTcov. Notice the ist aor. forms etna, clTrajjirjv, as well as 
 the 2nd aor. commonly in use, elirov, d-no^v. 
 
 1. 24. 8o\povs, 8o\pd, = ' unreal/ 'sham;' the garment had not its 
 natural colour. Cp. the Latin use of 'fucatusS 
 
 1. 26. TOV xpva-ovv oTTpTrr6v elpcora, [sc. avrovs], 'he asked them 
 about the necklace/ Double accusative is used with verbs of asking, 
 Curt. 402. 
 
 1. 28. TOV KOO-JXOV seems to mean here, 'the way of wearing them.' 
 
 1. 34. iripTo, from TreipoOai, used for the more common word 
 tfrtporrav. 
 
 ! 35- p.aKpoTaTOv, a predicative addition, = ' at the longest/ Cp. 
 
 OTCOlffl TUV eOvtOJV d\KL[JLOtO-t VTVyX ave t Hdt. 2. IO2. 
 
92 NOTES. 
 
 1. 36. irvpwv. We should gather from this that the Ethiopians were 
 unacquainted with the cultivation of corn. They lived on Kpta t(f)6a KO.I 
 
 1. 39. Koirpov. They must have explained to the king about the 
 manuring of crops. 
 
 1. 41. ctv<J)pov, quite literally, 'picked [themselves] up.' 
 
 TOVTO ItrcrovcrOai, ' were beaten in this point.' TOVTO is equivalent 
 to the ' internal object/ sc. Trjvfe r^aaav ffff. See Curt. 400 foil. 
 
 4. 
 
 1. 3. Xo-yov ICOVTW Sovs, = ' having considered,' lit. rendered account to 
 himself. 
 
 1. 5. ola. Curt. 587. 6. 
 
 1. 6. 'EA\T|vcov, who formed, as was stated above, his marine. 
 
 1. 9. o/TTKpiv, ' separated,' ' drafted off.' 
 
 1. 10. 4av8pairo8icra|jivovs. The case i of the participle does not 
 follow that of the object of Ij/ereAAero, but is attracted into the case of 
 the subject to IjjnrpTJom. 
 
 1. ii. xp 1 l" Ti np tov ' The famous temple of Jupiter Ammon was built 
 in the Libyan desert, in the Oasis of Sywah, as it is now called. 
 
 1. 14. CTITICGV XH- va differs very little from erma, = ' every thing in 
 the way of food/ ' connected with food.' So ra ovcipdrcw Ixojuez/a, Hdt. 
 i. 120. Here ImXctimv is joined with a personal accusative, as vdcap 
 Hiv a-rrfrnre, Hdt. 7. 21. * All that they had in the way of food had 
 failed them.' 
 
 1. 15. Kal TO. tm-ovYia, 'even the beasts of burden failed.' 
 
 1. 16. y vtocrt | JLa X^ l ' v 5 'priori ' suae sententiae repugnare? The transla- 
 tion, 'changed his mind/ gives the general sense, but it loses the 
 graphic expression that implies the struggle with the previous opinion. 
 
 1. 17. em, 'after.' 
 
 1. 21. vj/ajxp-ov, = the sands of the Libyan desert. 
 
 1. 22. CK ScKaSos, 'from every ten.' 
 
 1. 29. v Ocuriv iroXiv. The word "Oaais is probably nothing more than 
 an attempt to express in Greek letters the Egyptian word 'Wah,' a 
 ' dwelling ' or ' inhabited spot.' The city and its surrounding scenery 
 probably lay near the modern El Kharjeh in the larger and more 
 southerly of the two Oases, in the desert of Sahara. 
 
 1. 30. on |jn\ = ' nisi.' See Curt. 633 b. 
 
 1. 33. XYT(U . . . Tri8-q . . . Uvat. In or alto obllqua it is not un- 
 usual for temporal conjunctions to be followed by an infinitive, instead 
 of by a finite verb. 
 
 1. 35. |ATo|ti KOV (AaXto-ra, 'had got pretty nearly between.' 
 
 1. 36. apurrov, 'breakfast.' 
 
CAMBYSES IN EGYPT. IV. 4-6. 93 
 
 5. 
 
 1. 2 . v Ams, the sacred calf at Memphis, was peculiarly consecrated to 
 Phthah, the Egyptian God of Light, and was worshipped in a splendid 
 court of his own. The appearance of the sacred calf, which was recog- 
 nised by certain marks or distinguishing features, was the signal for a 
 festival of great rejoicing. The calf was supposed to enshrine the soul 
 of Osiris, which, when one calf died, migrated into the body of another. 
 We may suppose that there had been a long period during which no 
 sacred calf had been found to satisfy the requirements of the priests, 
 and now the citizens of Memphis were just celebrating his appearance. 
 
 1. 5. Join irayxv with Ko,Ta86as, 'being strongly of opinion.' 
 
 1. 6. xa-PFocrvva, ' were making these demonstrations of joy because 
 of his ill-success.' 
 
 1. 7' o TI, = ' why.' 
 
 1. 9. TOTS 8c, ' but were doing so then.' 
 
 1. ii. 8id xpovo-u. See Cu.rt. 458 c. 
 
 1. 1 6. ov \Tjo-iv, 'it should not escape his notice,' that is, 'he would 
 soon see, whether a tame god had come among the Egyptians.' The 
 Persians, who neither built temples nor erected statues of their gods, 
 would have little sympathy with so gross a form of animal-worship as 
 this. 
 
 1. 22. ye\&<ras, 'with a burst of laughter.' See Curt. 496, obs. for 
 the force of the aorist participle. 
 
 1. 23. TOIOVTOU, predicative. 0ol is the subject of the verb. 
 
 1. 24. -rratovTS, here alaOav6^voi t 'feeling.' 
 
 1. 25. yeXwra, ' a laughing-stock.' 
 
 1. 26. Totcri TCUJTO, irpT|o-<rovo-i, ' those whose business is to do this.' 
 
 1. 29. 8tKaivvTo, ' were punished,' lit. got their deserts. 
 
 1. 32. AaOp-rj Kap-Pvaco). See Curt. 415 ad fin. 
 
 6. 
 
 1. 2. TOV Ti[xa . . . KaC ot. Cp. Hdt. 3. 31 dSeX^e^, rrj ml ffwot/cte 
 /cat r\v ol O.TT dfjupoTtpctiv dd\<p7j. When to a relatival sentence a second 
 clause is appended which requires a different case of the relative, the 
 construction sometimes changes from the relatival altogether to the 
 demonstratival. See Curt. 605 c. obs. 
 
 1. 9. irAeovws irpo<rico-0ai, ' art over and above devoted.' 
 TOV jiV, = Prexaspes ; TOV 8, Cambyses. 
 
 1. 14. ot o-W8pu>v COVTCOV, ' tpsi adsidentium.' 
 
 1. 15. irpos TOV iraTpa, 'in comparison with his father.' 
 
 1. 1 7. Kivov, i. e. all his father's possessions. 
 
 1. 1 8. T-iJv OdXao-o-av must mean the S. E. portion of the Mediter- 
 
94 NOTES. 
 
 ranean; and the reference is to the successes of Cambyses on the 
 Syrian and Phoenician coasts, and in the island of Cyprus. 
 1. 29. <}>dv<u. imperatival infinitive, 'Say.' 
 
 1. 33. WS 84 . . . VVp0T]VCH. See SUp. 4. 1. 33. 
 
 1. 38. cmo-KO'ira, ' truly,' ' accurate,' lit. on the mark. 
 1. 40. TOV 0ov, perhaps Apollo, god of archery. 
 
 V. THE STORY OF POLYCRATES. 
 
 1. 
 
 1. 2. pJ3o>(jLva. So Kal OVTOJ 'AAtfyucucuwScu J3a>ar0-r]o-av dvd rrjv 'E\- 
 \d8a. Similar to this is the use in Attic of Trepifiorjros. 
 
 1. 3. i0vcri, = ' pergeret.' Cp. Horn. II. 6. 2 lOv&c fidxrj. 
 
 1. 5. (J>p KCU -fj-yc. I* 1 this common phrase, expressive of the 
 various ways of 'annexing' the property or persons of enemies, it will 
 be seen that d-yciv belongs strictly to animals that are driven off; <f>piv 
 to inanimate things. 
 
 1. 6. Siaicpivtov, ' making no distinction with regard to,' and so ' ex- 
 empting.' 
 
 TCO -yap <J>tXcp, ' for he said that he should gratify his friend all the 
 more by giving back to him what he had taken, than by not having 
 taken anything at all.' So ovrc dpxty, in the same sense, Hdt. 1. 16. 
 
 1. 8. dpatpTjK, the corresponding form in the passive in Ionic is 
 dpaipr]fia.i for yptjfjiai. 
 
 1. 9. 4v 84, ' and besides,' = ' atque in his etiam' Frequent in Sophocles, 
 as O. T. 27 kv 8' 6 irvp(popos Beds ffttrjif/as kXavvei. 
 
 1. ii. 88c|jLvoi. They worked, as prisoners, * in chains.' 
 
 Kat KOOS, ' and somehow or other the great prosperity of Polycrates 
 was not unnoticed by Amasis, but it was a matter of anxiety to him,' 
 lit. Polycrates prospering did not escape the notice of Amasis. Curt. 
 
 59- 
 
 1. 1 8. <J>0ovpov. See the remark of Solon, I. 4. 1. 5, on the jealousy 
 with which the gods regarded excessive power or prosperity. 
 
 .icai KCOS Pot>\o|jiai, ' and indeed I would prefer for myself (as well 
 as for those for whom I care) to have a measure of success (ZVTVX&IV 
 rt), in part of my fortunes, but in another part to meet with failure, and 
 in such wise to live out my days, with alternations of luck rather than 
 with uniform prosperity/ Notice in this sentence rb JJL\V and rb 8 a 
 accusatives of reference with evrvxeeiv, and the use of f) after ftovXonai 
 as implying a preference ; so in Homer II. I. 117 J3ov\op,' 70; \abv GWV 
 fj,jj,vat fj diroXtaOcu. The words Kal TWV v KT)Sa>p,ai are added quite 
 parenthetically without affecting the construction, as we see by the use 
 of TTprjaacav in the next clause, which can only refer to avrfc. 
 
THE STORY OF POLFCRATES. V. i, 2. 95 
 
 1. 22. Xo-yw, 'by report,' 'in story.' 
 0180, aKoiJO-as. Curt. 591. 
 
 1. 25. <|>povTicras TO &v, ' having considered whatever you may find to 
 be most precious in your eyes [TOI], and over the loss of which you will 
 be most sorry at heart.' In the mood of d\YT|<7ts the idea is expressed 
 that the selection has been made and the loss accepted. 
 
 1. 27. OKCOS |JL1f]KTl TJ^Cl. Curt. 5OO. 
 
 1. 28. TW-TTO TOVTOV, ' henceforward,' a further explanation of ijdrj. 
 
 1. 29. Tpoircp TW, 'in the way suggested by me, apply some remedy.' 
 He talks as if the CUT^X"? was excessive, or plethoric, and actually re- 
 quired ' curing.' 
 
 2. 
 
 1. 3. d<T7]0iT], from aaaca, (affrj = ( loathing'). 
 
 1. 5. XiOov. Curt. 408. 3. 
 
 1. 8. dvaYo/yctv, ' bid them launch out [sc. Va] into the open sea.' 
 
 1. 9. Trpt\6|jLvos, 'having taken off;' properly of removing some- 
 thing that envelopes. Thus the gold that was removable from the 
 Phidian statue of Zeus is called by Thucydides ircpiaiptTOv. 
 
 1. 12. <rup,<{>opfj cxpTJTO, 'treated it as a calamity.' 
 
 1. 1 6. X^P^O^VTOS ot TOVTOV, (more commonly x< y / )e "' cvrvxecus), 
 1 when this had succeeded for him,' sc. the granting of his request. 
 
 1. 22. 8ur\T), is an irregular feminine from SiirXoos. 
 
 1. 28. TOV 81 ws (7T]\0, ' but when it came into his mind.' 
 
 1. 30. TO. TroiT|ouvTa juv ota KaTa\\apT|K. A double relative sen- 
 tence = ' quae facienti qualia sibi accidissent ;' in English idiom, 'what he 
 had done and what had befallen him.' Cp. Soph. Elect. 751 ot' epya 
 Spdffas ola Aa7xai/i KO.KCL. Notice the form AcXajSij/cee as distinct from 
 the Attic efarjQa. 
 
 1. 31. Is Ai'-yvnTov lirlOTjKc, 'put it into [the messenger's hand] for 
 Egypt,' i. e. to go to Egypt. So Hdt. 5. 95 'AXtcaios tv /-ic'Aei' iroirjffas 
 winder Is Mvrt\r]vr]v. 
 
 1. 33. KKop.CcraL, = ' eripere' ' to rescue.' Cp. Ps. 49. 7 ' No man may 
 redeem his brother, nor give to God a ransom for him.' 
 
 1. 36. Kal TO, dTTopd\\t, = ' eticim quae proiicit? 
 
 1. 37. 8ia\vo-0at gciviirjv. Like rats leaving a sinking ship, Amasis 
 begs to break off friendship with a doomed man. This selfishness was 
 exhibited by Greek gods as well ; for we read how a protecting power 
 would withdraw his aid from a chieftain in the field when he knew the 
 day was going against him. The apology made for Amasis will hardly 
 carry conviction with it. Grote (vol. iv) suspects that the truth of the 
 story is that Polycrates, with characteristic faithlessness, broke off his 
 friendship with Amasis, finding it suitable to his policy to court the 
 alliance of Cambyses. 
 
NOTES. 
 
 3. 
 
 1. I. vrrapxos, equivalent to 'satrap.' 
 
 1. 3. jidraiov, means properly ' random/ ' thoughtless/ and thus 
 stands, by a sort of euphemism, for 'abusive/ 
 
 1. 8. MiTpopdrca, is the accusative in apposition with otivojia, ' whose 
 name was " Mitrobates." ' 
 
 VOJAOS, (notice the accent), is the technical term for a satrapy. 
 Dascyleion is on the Phrygian coast of the Propontis. In Hdt. 3. 90 
 this satrapy is called voftos dtvrepos. 
 
 1. 9. TOVTOVS resumes again the two accusations 'Opoirqv and Ueparjv. 
 This construction is called kTravaX^is, ' resumption/ 
 K \6-ycov, ' the quarrel arose from their talk/ 
 Kpivop,vcov, gen. absol., ' as they disputed/ 
 
 1. 10. irpocf^povTa, ' challenging him/ 
 
 1. u. crv y&p. See Curt. 626. 6. d. 'What! art thou in the 
 number of brave men ? ' 
 
 Xoyos = the ' reckoning ' or ' tale/ 
 
 1. 13. TWV TIS tmxwptcov. See note on II. i. 1. n, and elsewhere. 
 The insurgent is of course Polycrates. 
 
 1. 16. TT) tnrp MaidvSpov, sc. in Caria: to distinguish it from the 
 Magnesia in Phrygia, on Mount Sipylus. 
 
 I. 18. voos. His design is told in the following words. 
 
 1. 20. MCvcoos. With regard to Minos of Crete, (Cnossus or Gnossus 
 being a famous and ancient city in that island), Thucydides says, (i. 4), 
 'Minos was the earliest known possessor of a navy; and he made him- 
 self complete master of the sea about Greece ; and had control of the 
 Cyclades, and was the first colonist of most of them/ 
 
 1. 22. dvOpcoTnjiTjs YVf k s serves to mark off the mythic age, to which 
 Minos belonged, from the 'historical times' of Polycrates. Minos 
 passed as a demi-god*; at any rate he claimed Zeus for his father. 
 
 1. 27. icard, ' on a par with/ 
 
 1. 30. KKO|jLicras, ' having got me and my treasures safely away, keep 
 some of them thyself, and some of them suffer me to keep/ 
 
 1. 32. ivKv xp^^drcov. Like the common phrase TOVTOV 7' &Ka t = 
 ' as far as money is concerned/ 
 
 4. 
 
 1. 2. KaC K<OS. See sup. i, 11. n, 18. 
 
 1. 5. ovra irpoo-SoKijjtov, 'was expected/ 
 
 1. 6. irX-qv Kdpra (3paxos, from neuter (3paxi>, used as a substantive, 
 ' except a very shallow [piece] just round the extreme edges/ 
 
 1. 8. KaraS-qo-as. Before the invention of locks for boxes, they were 
 usually corded and secured with a knot. Odysseus (Od. 8. 447) is said 
 
THE STORY OF POLYCRATES. V. 3, 4. 97 
 
 to have fastened his treasure-chest with a knot which Circe taught him 
 how to make. 
 
 1. 10. iroXXd, adverbial, 'though the prophets, and his friends too, 
 vehemently dissuaded him.' 
 
 1. 11. CUJTOS dmvat, his own journey is thus distinguished from the 
 mission of Maeandrius. 
 
 Trpos 8^, ' and, what is more,' (' praeterea'). He did so ' although 
 his daughter had seen a vision.' 
 
 1. 15. iravToit] IYIVCTO, lit. 'became of every sort:' like Proteus, 
 turning himself into various shapes to effect his purpose. A graphic 
 phrase to express * tried every means, 5 ' nihil non tentavit.' We might 
 render it by a metaphor, equally graphic, though of very different 
 origin : ' left no stone unturned.' The sense of the phrase thus being 
 equivalent to, ' she tried,' or, ' she entreated,' the infinitive [AT] diroSTj- 
 H/fjom follows naturally. 
 
 1. 1 7. TT4>t]jiieTo, ' uttered her boding words after him.' $17^77, ' a 
 voice,' has also the meaning of the omen connected with any utter- 
 ance, whether bad or good. The adjectives cvQrjjjiot and dvff^rjfjLos 
 illustrate this. 
 
 1. 19. ImTcXca Tavra, viz. his safe return, although it implied her 
 enforced maidenhood. 
 
 Join povXeo-Oai ... 4] IcrTcptjcrOai, the clause introduced by ^ follows 
 directly upon @ov\a0ai in the sense of ' malle, 3 and not upon irX&>. We 
 should rather expect iroXXoi/ than ir\&v, as there is no real comparison 
 between two different periods of time : but ir\ou here takes its colouring 
 from the general tone of the sentence, which is the comparison between 
 virginity and orphanhood, with a preference for the former. 
 
 1. 23. cv 8^ STJ, like irpos 5e, sup. ' atque in his etiam' 
 
 1. 25. TWV Kar* ICOVTOV, ' of his contemporaries.' See Curt. 459. B.b. 
 
 1. 27. on }ir\ = t nisi.' Curt. 633 b. The Sicilian despots alluded to 
 are the brothers Gelo and Hiero. 
 
 1. 29. ^YaXoirpcimav, accusative of reference, Curt. 404. 
 
 1. 30. OUK o|icos dirrj-yiqcnos, ' in a way not fit (i.e. too horrible) to 
 recount.' 
 
 1. 33. eovras Xv0povs. The participle gives the reason, ' that they 
 were free.' 
 
 1. 34. irotijjxvos *x. One might say, \v avSpairoSajv \6ycu irotTo, 
 or flx - But here cfxe gives rather the sense of ' continuing to do it : ' 
 as, above, ttx troikas. 
 
 1. 37. dviis avros, ' as he himself exhaled moisture from his body.' 
 The drops which the sun drew from the surface of the exposed body 
 served as a sort of anointing (x/>io"0at), and thus the warning of the 
 dream came true. 
 
98 NOTES. 
 
 VI. THE STORY OF ZOPYRUS. 
 
 1. 
 
 1. 2. 7Tp! iro\\oti iroiTat, ' sets great store on,' lit. places above 
 much, Curt. 466 B b. 
 
 1. 3. iroXXov TtjJiwTO, genitive of price. 
 
 1. 5. es TO irpoo-co, lit. ' are honoured up to an advance of greatness ; ' 
 this is really equivalent to two ideas ; sc. ' honorantur, et ad insignem 
 magnitudinis gradum evehunlur.' 
 
 1. 7. l 8' CWVTOV, ' unless he should go over to them as a deserter, 
 having disfigured himself.' This may serve for a translation, but gram- 
 matically i 5* introduces a fresh protasis, the apodosis of which is not 
 expressed. ' He did not think he could gain the city in any other 
 way; but z/he should desert to them [he thought he might succeed]/ 
 
 1. 8. cv \a(j>pa> iroiTjo-djJicvos, ' making light,' sc. of the self-sacrifice 
 and pain. 
 
 1. 9. \a>p<xT<u Xioptjv. See Curt. 400. a. This particular use of the 
 verb with accusative of identical form is called by grammarians 'jfigura 
 etymological 
 
 1. II. jJiao-Ti-ycoa-as. We might expect ^aaTiycaad/jLcvos, as the action 
 was performed on himself; but the participle is assimilated in voice to 
 airoTajJiwv and ircpiiccipas. 
 
 1. 15. o TI TroiTjoravTa, as we should say, ' For what deed?' lit. having 
 done what ? The accusative is governed by \Qj@rj<raiTo, to be supplied 
 from 6 Xo)(3i]crafji.vo5. 
 
 otiK <TTI OVTOS dvT]p, * such a man exists not, save thee.' Cf. Horn. 
 Od. 6. 20 1 OVK eaO* OVTOS dvr)p, ow5* taatrai, ovSe ffvrjTai. For this force 
 of on nr) see above, V. 4. 1. 27. 
 
 1. 16. wSe 8ia0ivai, ' so to treat/ lit. to put in such a condition. 
 
 1. 1 8. auros l-yw IJJLCCOVTOV, sc. ra5e epyaafMi. 
 
 1. 19. KaTa-y\dv, not uncommonly used in Herodotus with the dative. 
 Elsewhere it is found with the genitive. 
 
 1. 23. irapao-Ti^o-ovTat, 'surrender themselves/ lit. come over to 
 our side. 
 
 1. 24. |ir\o)cras, lit. ' sailed away from/ We may translate, ' taken 
 leave of your senses/ 
 
 1. 26. irepieiScs, sc. iroi^ffavra, 'wouldest not have suffered me to do 
 it/ irepiopav gets this notion from the idea of looking round or beyond 
 something, instead of looking straight at it : so * to be careless about,' 
 * make light of,' ' overlook/ 
 
 ITT* IJJLCCOVTOV paXofJievos. This phrase is supposed by some to mean, 
 ' having taken it upon myself,' i.e. on my own individual responsibility. 
 It is more likely an extension of the expression ts 0vj*6v TI @d\\a0cu, 
 
STORY OF ZOPYRUS. VI. i, 2. 99 
 
 common in Herodotus, and resembling the Homeric \v fyptal 
 0-770-1, II. i. 297. Translate then, * having pondered it with myself alone.' 
 Schweighauser renders, ' Secum solo deliberare. Rem in animo suo ultra 
 citroque iactare* 
 
 1. 27. -qv pq TWV <rwv 8Tj<rfl, 'unless there be a want of thy (co- 
 operation).' * Nisi ea quae sunt tuarum partium mihi defuerint' The 
 same construction is seen in the common phrase iro\\ov Set. 
 
 aip6ojjiv, he speaks as if the taking of Babylon were already 
 beginning. 
 
 1. 28. ws x, 'just as I am.' 
 
 1. 31. diro Taurus es SeKotTrjv, ' on the tenth day from this.' 
 
 I. 32. TTJS d'jToXX'ujxevTjs, lit. ' of which perishing there will be no 
 account,' i. e. that part of the army which can best be spared, * the loss 
 of which is of no importance.' 
 
 I. 37. iriTV, the Ionic form for cTretra. Cp. &CKCV and eVc/ra. 
 
 KOLTUTOV. Herodotus uses Karifav both transitively and in- 
 transitively. 
 
 1. 39. IXOVTCOV, imperative, = ' gerant? 
 
 TWV djJwvovvToov (oTrAcyv), * defensive weapons.' Fut. particip. act. 
 from dpi*. 
 
 1. 40. TOVTO, sc. TO yx l P^ lov ' *- v ^ as the force of an imperative, 
 Curt. 577- So K\veiv below. 
 
 1. 47. paXavdyp-r) is a key which catches (d-y/>e?) the pin (jSdXavos), 
 that passes through the door bolt (/ioxA-os). When the pin is lifted the 
 bolt can be moved backwards or forwards. 
 
 2. 
 
 1. i. 4mo-Tp<|)6|jLvos, i.e. turning round, like a man who fears that he 
 is being watched or pursued. 
 
 1. 3. Kara TOXJTO, * at that spot,' sc. rwv irvpycw. 
 
 1. 5. TLS ttj . . . OTV Scofxevos. This combination of direct and 
 indirect interrogative pronouns is common in Homer. Cp. Od. I. 171 
 TIS ir60v ts avfipwv, troQi trot iro\is ??5 TOKTJCS | oiriroiTjs S' irl vrjos 
 \r]\v6a.s; 
 
 1. 7. rd Koivd, ' the general assembly.' Cp. ra r&rj, meaning ' the 
 magistrates/ 
 
 1. 8. KQToiKTiTo, ' made his complaint.' 
 
 1. 10. SIOTI (rv|JLpovXt)o-ai. The infinitive follows SIOTI because the 
 sentence is in oratio obliqua. Cp. Hdt. 3. 55 Tipav ^apiovs e<f>rj Sion 
 Tatyfjvai ol rbv ira,Tnrov 8rjfj.oairi VTTO ^afjiicav. 
 
 I. ii. iri T. Notice the Epic use of re, which is here not copula- 
 tive, but only emphatic. Cp. olos re in Attic. 
 
 1. 12. TJKCO \Ltyurrov d-yaOov. Cp. for a similar expression, Horn. Od. 
 3. 306 ry Se of 6ydoa.T<p KaKov fj\v0 bios 'OpfffTijs = ' came as a curse.' 
 
100 NOTES. 
 
 1. 15. 8i68ovs, 'ins and outs.' The whole of the sun's track is called 
 17 fj\iov 5teo5os, Hdt. 4. 140. So here Ste^oSoi ^ovK^v^aroiv mean 'Viae 
 et rationes consiliorum* 
 
 1. 20. TWV 48&TO cr<|)cov, ' what he asked of them.* SteaOai is used 
 with genitive of person and thing. Cp. /cat 0ev Seo/xat pr) SteaOai avofjLow, 
 Hdt. I. 8. 
 
 1. 24. TOVS x i Mus, those thousand men that Darius was to post on 
 the tenth day at the gate of Semiramis. 
 
 1. 26. irapx6|Xvov, ' making his deeds as good as his words.' 
 
 1. 29. m\d|Avos, ' having picked out ' some of the Babylonians : 
 partitive genitive, Curt. 412. 
 
 1. 32. 4v o-Tojxao-i cixov, 'had his name ever on their lips.' alvcovrcs 
 is a necessary addition, for the phrase kv aro^aai tytw may be used 
 where the subject of conversation is in disfavour : as, e.g. Miltiades, Hdt. 
 6. 136 'AOyvaToi 8 \K Tlapov WLiXTiadtjv dirovoffTrjffavTa ix v * v fff6fttufl. 
 
 1. 35. iravra TJV Zwirvpos, as we say, ' Zopyrus was everything ' or ' all 
 in all.' 
 
 1. 37. dircScScKTO, ' constitutus erat* (airodeiKvvvai). 
 
 3. 
 
 1. 6. <rqice, from talrjfjii. 
 
 1. 8. Zcvs BfjXos. Bel (Baal) was the name of the Sun -god worshipped 
 by the Babylonians. Herodotus gives a description of his temple in B. 
 i. 181. 
 
 1. 10. (xa0ov irpoSeSojJicvoi, * learned that they had been betrayed.' 
 
 1. ii. TO Bcvrepov, B.C. 519. The first capture by Cyrus (B.C. 538) is 
 described above, III. 8. 
 
 1. 12. TOVTO jxev . . . TOVTO 8^, see note on I. 2. 
 
 1. 13. irpvi\, ' diruit,' lit. ' circumcirca sustulit.' 
 
 VII. DARIUS AND THE SCYTHIANS. 
 
 1. 
 
 1. 3. IJ 6v rot . . . iroiceiv, when it is in thy power to do the opposite 
 of this .' rwv8 is equivalent to TOU met <j>evyiv. 4dj/, absol. accus., see 
 Curt. 586. 
 
 1. 5. <rO 8J . . . [L&\(rQa,i, apodosis to d ptv yap. So below ei 5e 
 avyyiyvwffKeai . . . av S^ l\0e. fiax^ffOai has the force of the imperative. 
 
 1. 8. yfjv T Kai vScop. To bring presents of earth and water was 
 equivalent to making complete submission, symbolising the surrender of 
 every possession. 
 
 1. 12. vctoTepov rC cljjtt iroiTjaas, 'have I done anything more 
 unusual.' 
 
DARIUS AND THE SCYTHIANS. VII. T, 2. 1OI 
 
 1. 13. o TI 8^, ' but the reason why I do not at once give battle.* 
 
 1. 15. oXo>T], (dAtVtfo^cu), refers to d'orca, and Kapfj, (iceipoa), to 77} 
 ir<f>vTVfti>T). ' In fear for which, lest they be taken or ravaged, we might 
 lose no time in joining battle with you.' raxinrcpov (in Attic Odaaov) 
 means ' sooner ' than we otherwise should. 
 
 1. 1 6. cs TOVTO, i. e. to battle. 
 
 1. 20. IT Kal ov, and not /*i), because ov is closely bound up with the 
 single word naxqo'o^Oa. So el Se ravra ov iroir)o~ovo~i, Hdt. 7. 9 
 
 ijv \ir\ {||Xas Xo-yos cup^fl, ' nisi nobis ratio suaserit* Similar formulas 
 in Herodotus are cJs I/*?) yvwfjLrj aipeti, and ou8 A 6yos alptti followed by 
 accusative and infinitive, aipey = lit. * catch/ or, ' convince/ 
 
 1. 23. 'JO-TIT], ('Eo-Tia, Vesta), possibly in the cult of this goddess the 
 Scythians show themselves as fire-worshippers in some shape or other. 
 
 1. 26. dvTi 8^ TOV, ' and in return for thy saying that thou wast my 
 master, I bid thee " go hang/ 1 ' K\aiiv Xryco is like x a ' L P* iV A.y. Cp. 
 Horace, Sat. I. 10. 91 ' iubeo plorare* 
 
 2. 
 
 1. i. T\OS, used adverbially, like apxty, ' at last/ 
 
 1. 5. TOV voov, 'the import/ 
 
 1. 8. TO 0\t, what the gifts intend to tell/ Cp. Hdt. 6. 37 ri tfe'Act 
 TO 7roy ivai ; ' Quid sibi vult hoc verbum ? ' 
 
 1. ii. iKacov. This participle can agree neither with Aapeiov nor 
 yvaj}ir], but it follows a constructio ad sensum, as though the words had 
 run Aaptios Zyvca. 
 
 TOV avrov dvGpwTTcp, Curt. 436 b. 
 
 1. 13. otK, Ionic form for ZOIKC, (el/coo). 
 
 Totis 8c OIO-TOVS, ' and the arrows they surrender, as (representing) 
 their own means of defence.' 
 
 1. 14. AapLco, 'by Darius.' More usually, virb Aapciov. 
 
 1. 15. orwo-T-fiK, ' clashed/ See III. n ad init. 
 
 1. 1 6. TWV TOV Mdyov KaT\6vTcov. See Introd. to Chap. VI. (Story 
 of Zopyrus). 
 
 1. 23. TTcry|JiVouri, not to be confounded with the gen. absolute. It 
 is the so-called dativus commodi. ' A hare ran right through into the 
 midst for the Scythians;' or, as we should say in familiar language, 
 ' the Scythians had a hare run down the middle of their lines/ The 
 same dative is used even of inanimate things in Homer. Cp. Od. 9. 
 149 fceXcraarjcri Se vqval KaOi\ofj.ev io~Tta -navra. 
 
 1. 24. 8iTji|;, from Siaiffaoj. 
 
 1. 25. pofj xpoop.vcuv = poajvTcav. A favourite periphrasis in Herodotus, 
 so fcojfjia) \p9jaBai and apnayrj \prjaOai. 
 
 1. 28. irpos TovKriTp, sc. his nearest attendants, with whom he com- 
 monly conversed. 
 
102 NOTES. 
 
 1. 30. ws wv OUTCOS, * since then these things do now seem so to be in 
 
 my judgment also.' With SOKCOVTCOV supply TOVTWV. 
 1. 34. Xoycp T|m<rrdjjnr]v, ' knew by report.' 
 
 diropiTjv TWV dv8pv. Not, as it would ordinarily mean, 'the 
 
 difficulties these men are in,' but the impracticable nature of ' or 
 
 ' difficulty of dealing with/ So Hdt. 4. 46 2/0cu a//axot T /cat diropot 
 
 irpoffjjiiffyetv. 
 
 1. 37. cKKaiJo-avras, 'having lighted up.* 
 
 1. 38. TOVS d<r0V<rraTOvs 4s, ' feeblest for enduring.' 
 
 ! 39- ^ctirarrjo-avTas. The full meaning of the word must be, 
 
 ' leaving them behind under some false pretence.' 
 
 1. 42. TO ijjjuas olov T <TTai IjjepYacrao-Ocu = ' quod nos possit perdere.' 
 
 1. 3. TWV -TJV . . . \6yos. Almost the same phrase as in VI. i 
 ffTpaTtfjs rfjs ovdffjLia carat wpr] diTO\\vfjivrjs, where see note. 
 1. 8. trpo(j)dcrios, still in the government of civeKev. 
 1. 9. Tto KaOapw TOV o-Tparot), ' the effective part of the army.' 
 L 14. OVTCO STJ . . . <|>cov?js, 'raised a far louder noise.* TTJS </>cwi/^? 
 seems to be a partitive genitive; and the construction must be dis- 
 tinguished from the ordinary Uvai tywiiv. 
 
 1. 15. ico/rd x&pv\v, 'in the same place,' ' on the [original] ground.' 
 1. 19. rd Kar-qKovra, 'suitable words/ of explanation and entreaty. 
 
 VIII. STORY OF THE PEISISTRATIDAE. 
 
 1. 
 
 1. I. TWV irapdXwv. The men of the coast, consisting mainly of 
 merchants and sailors, were led by the Alcmaeonid Megacles, son-in- 
 law of the Sicyonian tyrant Cleisthenes; Lycurgus was the leader of 
 the men of the plain, the occupiers of land on the banks of the Cephisus ; 
 Peisistratus espoused the cause of the men of the mountains, who were 
 for the most part tillers of the soil, vinedressers, or shepherds. 
 
 1. 4. Ko,Ta<|>povT|cras has not here its usual force of ' despising,' but 
 stands simply as a stronger form of<ppovtv, as KaradoKceiv (in Herodotus) 
 of 8orciv. Translate, ' pondering over,' and so ' forming designs upon.' 
 
 1. 6. TW Xo-yco, ' avowedly/ He pretended to be the champion of the 
 mountaineers ; he really was aiming at the sovereignty. 
 
 1. 9. 8n0v, like Lat. ' scilicet,' has an ironical force = ' forsooth.' 
 
 1. n. Mcyapeas. The Megareans had possessed themselves of 
 Salamis, and the expedition here alluded to was undertaken for its 
 recovery. Nisaea was the harbour of Megara. 
 
STORY OF THE PEISISTRATIDAE. VIII. 1-3. 103 
 
 1. 19. Ttp,ds, 'offices,' 'magistracies.' 
 
 1. 20. tirl Toun KaTo-Tw<ri, ' maintaining the existing institutions.' 
 
 2. , 
 
 I.I. TWVTO <j>povq<ravTS, * consentientes ; ' * having made agreement 
 together.' 
 
 1. 3. OVTW jjtv crx > 'this is the way he got possession of;' referring 
 to his first success. 
 
 1. 6. IK VT]S, = ' demto? So we have l uoTe/^s, l dirpocrdoKrjTov. 
 
 1. 7. ircpieXcun'op.evos, ' hard driven,' ' agitatus? 9 
 
 1. 8. ot TTJV QvyoiTcpa, his daughter.' The enclitic is drawn out of its 
 natural place by the influence of the verb, 
 exciv yvvaiica, ' to have to wife.' 
 liri rfj TtipawCSi, ' on the condition of [holding] the sovereignty.' 
 
 1. 10. em TQ KaTo8co, ' with a view to his return,' sc. from banish- 
 ment. So ol Ka.TlOVTS. 
 
 1. ii. Ilaiavui' The hamlet Paeania belonged to the Pandionid 
 tribe ; it was situated on the eastern side of Mount Hymettus. 
 
 1. 12. jjieyaOos, 'in height wanting only three spans from four cubits,' 
 lit. leaving short three spans. 
 
 1. 14. irpo8avTS . . . cxovcra, 'having shown her, i.e. taught her 
 how to assume a carriage, such as she was sure to look most attractive 
 with.' 
 
 1. 15. otov TI is governed directly by exoutfct, and ciirpe'ireo-TaTOv is 
 an adverb qualifying ^aveeaOat. 
 
 1. 22. STJJJLOVS, the outlying hamlets, in contradistinction to ol Iv r 
 darfi. 
 
 3. 
 
 1. 2. 7Tpiiir, ' treated.' So rprjxfoos irepieffirovTo. 
 
 1. 4. diraXXdo-o-cTO. This took place 549 B.C. The first exile belongs 
 to the year 555 B.C., the return to 550 B.C. 
 
 1. 9. ol CK TOV do-Teos. We might expect ot \v TO) aart'C, but the 
 word diriKovro is to follow, and the writer wishes to speak about the 
 Athenians in the city, coming out of the city, which would be expressed 
 in full, ol \v rq> darfi K TOV aareos OLTTLKOVTO. But the Greek idiom is 
 able to make a sort of concentrated form of these two statements, by 
 shifting a clause that should naturally go with the verb into close 
 connection with the article. As a result of which we get ol etc rov 
 dffTo$ ffTaaiojTat* Cp. Hdt. 7. 37 6 ij\ios K\ITTWV rfjv \K TOV ovpavov 
 edpijv d(j>av7)s ty. 
 
 1. 10. irpo \v0ptiris, where we should expect the conjunction ij. 
 See Curt. 454 c. 
 
 1. 17. Kanovras, 'the returning exiles.' Cp. sup. 7rt T /mro'So;. So 
 aT/)x o A* ai * m Arist. Ran. 1165. 
 
104 NOTES. 
 
 1. 1 8. Is TWVTO <ruviovTs, ' eundem in locum congressi, (sc. cum hosts)' 
 'meeting them.' 
 
 1. 19. IlaXVqviSos, 'of Pallene;' this was one of the hamlets in the 
 neighbourhood of Athens, near Acharnae, between Pentelicus and the 
 northerly spur of Hymettus. 
 
 1. 20. 0vro oirXa, 'piled arms;' equivalent to 'took up a position.' 
 
 1. 23. poXos, ' the cast of the net' has been made. 
 
 1. 24. ol^Tjorovcri, 'will sweep in.' oipdv is used for the swoop of a 
 hawk upon a dove in II. 22. 140. 
 
 1. -26. <ruXXapoov, exactly corresponding to the Latin equivalent, 
 ' having comprehended.' 
 
 1. 28. api<rrov. The mention of dice-playing and the siesta (VTTVOS) 
 makes it probable that apiarov is here not the early Homeric breakfast, 
 but the mid-day lunch, which became the practice in later times. The 
 early breakfast was called aKpanfffjios. 
 
 1. 29. |ATTpoi, some of them ; ' this is further divided into of p\v 
 and 01 8e. 
 
 1. 32. |rfJT . . . T, equivalent in meaning to 'non solum non . . , sed 
 etiam? With this use of the conjunctions cp. Hdt. 5. 49 OVT yap ol 
 fiapftapoi d\KifjLoi t<n, v^ufs T cs ra neyiara dvrjKerc dpfTrjs. Here, the 
 design of Peisistratus is not only that the Athenians should never rally 
 again, but, more than that, that they should be dispersed. The optative 
 which follows lirtrex^Tcu must be explained from the fact that niTx~ 
 vdrai is really the historic present. 
 
 1. 34. revs iraiSas, three in number. 
 
 1. 40. TWV jjiv avr60v, sc. from the silver mines at Laurium ; the 
 revenues that came in OTTO ^Tpvpovos must be the proceeds of the gold 
 mines in Thrace. 
 
 1. 43. "AXK|xauovC8G>, sc. Megacles. The Athenians who had fallen 
 were, of course, from the number of the ol e/c TOV aarios. 
 
 4. 
 
 1. 2. vap-y(TT(i'n]v, most vivid,' used in Homer, Od. 4. 841, of 
 visions that were clear and unmistakably real. 
 
 1. 4. Tcro-pa, sc. B.C. 514-510. Herodotus evidently does not adopt 
 the popular view, celebrated by the Greek lyrists, that Harmodius and 
 Aristogeiton were really the deliverers of Athens. He would rather 
 credit the Alcmaeonidae with that work. 
 
 1. 6. irpoTepfl governs the genitive navaOqvaicw, * in the night before 
 the Panathenaea.' 
 
 1. 7. IIava07]vaiQ)v. The greater Panathenaea, celebrated every four 
 years, was the grandest of the Attic festivals, and was held in honour 
 of Athena Polias. It was said to have been instituted by Erichthonius, 
 and remodelled by Theseus, on the occasion of his uniting the scattered 
 
STORF OF THE PEISISTRATIDAE. VIII. 4, 5. 105 
 
 commonalty of Athens. The feast lasted four days, and the most 
 splendid feature in it was the grand procession on the last day. 
 
 oi ImardvTa, ' standing over him.' 
 
 1. 9. T\fj0i. Notice the intentional jingle in the first line, which has 
 thus been rendered in Latin, 'Fortiter haec leo fer, quamvis fera, 
 quando ferendum est.' 
 
 1. ii. 4>avp6s TJV virpTi0[Jivos, ' he openly submitted it.' 
 1. 12. aim'jrajjLcvos, ( having sought to avert,' lit. having refused, or 
 said No ! to, viz. by performing expiatory sacrifices. The details of the 
 whole story are given in Thuc. 6. 54-58. The time of the Panathenaea 
 was chosen, because then the citizens might carry weapons. 
 
 5. 
 
 1. 3. 4>tJYovTs. See 3 ad fin. 
 
 1. 4. Join -n-ipwjjLvoto-t Kara TO icrxvpdv, ' though trying with might 
 and main.' 
 
 1. 5. irpoafirraiov, 'met with sore disaster.' 
 
 1. 7. AcuJ/vSpiov was an insignificant place, on one of the spurs of 
 Mount Parnes, that separates Attica from Boeotia, and near the hamlet 
 of Paeania. It was, no doubt, an eiriTeixi<rpds, like that of Agis at 
 Decelea. 
 
 1. 9. s A|A<j>iKTt;6vcov. This word is probably the same as a/jujyiKTioves, 
 or the ' dwellers round about.' These associations of neighbouring 
 tribes, to promote mutual intercourse and to protect a common temple, 
 were of very early origin. The most famous of these associations was 
 the Amphictyonic League, that had its meetings near Thermopylae in 
 the autumn, and at Delphi in the spring, at which meetings representa- 
 tives from various states, called Pylagorae and Hieromnemones, attended. 
 Besides pledging themselves to certain acts of international comity, the 
 representatives undertook to protect and preserve the temple at Delphi. 
 This temple had been burned down in B.C. 549, and the Alcmaeonidae 
 TOV vqov |iur0ovTai oiKo8ofvr)om, ' contract for the building of the 
 temple : ' * templum conducunt aedificandum? 
 
 1. ii. XP T 1H' < * TC|)V ^ TJKovTs. See on I. 2. 1. 17. 
 
 1. 1 3. 7rapd8iYiAa is the ' specification/ which the contractors had to 
 carry out. 
 
 T<i T a\\a, Kal . . . c iroiT]<rav, lit. ' both in other respects . . . and 
 also they built its front,' etc. This is a short way of saying, ' they 
 exceeded the specification in many points and also in this that they 
 built,' etc. It is worth while comparing with the form of sentence, Hdt. 
 6. 21 3 A9rjvaToi inrcpaxQe<rQevTS rrj MiXiyTOU dAwtret, rrj r d\\r] TroAAaxj?, 
 Kal dr) feat iroirjffavTt &pwix<*> Sparta MiXrjrov aXuaiv . . . fi?ft/a><rtb' /juv. 
 
 o-vyKcC^icvov <r<j)i, when it had been agreed on between them,' 
 accus. absol., Curt. 586. 
 
IO6 NOTES. 
 
 1. 14. mopivos XC0os seems to have been a common kind of marble, 
 greatly inferior to the Parian. 
 
 6. 
 1. 3. OKCOS \0oiv = * quotles advemrent. OKOOS being equivalent here to 
 
 O KOT. 
 
 1. 4. xpfJo'oH'Svoi. The middle voice means ' oraculum consulere* ' to 
 get an oracle uttered for oneself; * the active XP^ V * s ' oraculum edere ; ' 
 of which the direct passive is used. Cp. fJLavTfv^ara a rovd' 
 
 irpo<|>piv = ' obiicere? 
 
 1. 5. -irpo^avTov is used here as a noun, in the sense of the more 
 ordinary Xoyiov or Qeoirpomov. 
 
 1. 9. irpo-|3vTpa, ' more important.' Similar is the use of the verb 
 np(T0VffOai, and with it may be compared the Latin ' antiquiuz.* 
 
 direp-rjcre, transitive aorist, ' disembarked.' * Phalerum is the most 
 ancient, as well as it is the most natural, Harbour of Athens. It is nearer 
 than Piraeus to the city, and the Cephisus and Ilissus, between which 
 Athens is placed, lead into it. The Piraeus seems not to have been used 
 as a port till the time of Pericles.' Rawlinson. 
 
 1. 14. O.VTOVS is equivalent to 0ercra\ovs, suggested by caffaXirjs. 
 
 1. 15. Koivfj -yvcojAT), 'a public vote.' 
 
 ITTTTOS, fern., in the collective sense = ' cavalry.' 
 
 1. 17. fjiir]xa,VaTO, so Herodotus gives l/SovXearo for !/3ovA.oi/To and 
 d-rriKecLTo, eyivearo, etc. 
 
 1. 22. KaTpav is, 'cooped them up into,' i.e. drove them back 
 upon. 
 
 1. 23. aiTT|\\a[;, ' so fared/ lit. came off. 
 
 1. 24. Ta<{>ai, in the plural, is sometimes used for the burial place 
 of one person : so "Ajjtaffts era^r] kv rrjffi ra<pf,at, Hdt. 3. 10. Cp. Soph. 
 Aj. 1090 Is ratyas. 
 
 'AXwircKal, one of the hamlets of Athens, on the N.E. of the city. 
 
 1. 35. ws *xov = 'e vestigio,' 'at once.' 
 
 IXcXacryucw, i.e. the Acropolis, which the Pelasgi were said to have 
 fortified for the Athenians. 
 
 7. 
 
 1. i . Kal . . . 4i\ov = ' neutiquam eiecissent Pisistratidas Lacedaemonii.' 
 
 1. 2. iT8pTf], Attic <f>e8pa t = t obsidio. t 
 
 1. 4. Join v diraXXdo-o-ovTO, 'after a few days' siege they would have 
 departed, had not an event occurred.' This would be the most natural 
 way, viz. t w avvrvyi-r] eireytvero, instead of which a new sentence is 
 begun, vvv Se avvrv^irj K. T. \. 
 
 1. 6. vnreKTiOcjjicvoi, * in the act of being removed.* 
 
BATTLE OF MARATHON. IX. . i. 107 
 
 1. 9. em (juo-00) TOUTI TCKVOICTI. The construction seems very uncer- 
 tain : apparently m governs reKvoiai, and iua6a> is in predicative appo- 
 sition ; the whole clause meaning, ' they surrendered themselves on 
 condition of [recovering] the children as their pay, on those terms 
 which the Athenians liked, viz. that they should quit/ Cp. ITT* 'Arapvct 
 fua0a>, Hdt. I. 160 ; irl iua0a> rpi-f]Kovra raXavroiai, ib. 8.4. 
 
 JJTT' olai is neuter, and does not agree in any way with TCKVOKTI. 
 
 1. 13. TpiTjKovra. Peisistratus seized the sovereignty B.C. 560, and died 
 B.C. 527, having reigned nearly seventeen years out of the thirty-three. 
 Hippias reigned fourteen years before the death of Hipparchus (B.C. 514), 
 and four afterwards. He was expelled B.C. 510. 
 
 IX. THE BATTLE OF MARATHON. 
 
 1. 
 
 1. I. Kavo-rpiov. The Cayster rises in Mount Tmolus, and, passing 
 through the fertile plain between Tmolus and Messogis, empties itself 
 into the sea by Ephesus. 
 
 1. 2. o/iriKovTo, sc. at Sardis. 
 
 1. 6. TO 8c |XT| Xc-rjXaTqcrai. The subject to the sentence is roSc, 'this 
 prevented their sacking the city after having taken it.' 
 ?<TX has the force of ' cohibuit* 
 
 1. 7. KaXajxivai. * In Eastern capitals the houses are still rarely of 
 brick or stone. Reeds and wood constitute the chief building materials. 
 Hence the terrible conflagrations which from time to time devastate 
 them.' Rawlinson. 
 
 1. 10. !irV|ATO, ' spread over.' In Aesch. Ag. 485, used of * growing 
 encroachment.' In Hdt. 3. 133, of ' a spreading and devouring ulcer/ 
 
 1. 12. airoXa|Ji<j>0VTS. The Ionic forms from Xa^avoi retain the p 
 in several instances, instead of changing to 77, as Aa/^ojucu, AeAaft^at, 
 \.ajj.<f>0r]v. Translate here, ' cut off on all sides/ 
 
 1. 13. For wcrre with participle (as here wore vcfjLojj.&ov), see Curt. 
 558. There is a similar use with cJs and waircp. 
 
 1. 15. ITaKTcoXov. The gold-dust of Pactolus was celebrated at an 
 early period ; cp. Soph. Philoct. 393 opcarcpa Fa, a rbv ntyav IlaKTouXdv 
 evxpvffov i/efjieis. By the time of Augustus it appears to have been 
 exhausted. 
 
 1. 17. 6 8^, sc.^Epjuo?, ' empties into the sea/ 
 
 1. 23. -UTTO VVKTO,, = ' sub uocfem.' 
 
 1. 25. Kvprjp-r]. This 'great' or 'sacred' mother of the gods was 
 worshipped in various places and under different forms. She was the 
 representative of the generative powers of nature, and the orgies that 
 accompanied her worship were notorious for licence and excess. In 
 
T08 NOTES. 
 
 Phrygia she was known as Ma. In the times of Hannibal she found her 
 way to Rome under the title of Magna Mater. 
 
 TO o-KTjtrrojAevot, 'making a pretext of which.' So Hdt. 5. 30 
 GKrityiv iroiedfjievos. Herodotus probably misinterprets the motives of 
 the Persians here. No doubt the destruction of Greek temples was 
 dictated by the true iconoclastic spirit of the Persian religion. 
 
 2. 
 
 1. 3. o-vXXoY-fj, 'coalition;' properly, 'collecting of troops.' 
 
 1. 4. XeycTat, impers. ' it is said.' 
 
 1. 6. KaTairpoi<r0(u, from 7r/>ot, 'a free gift;' TrpoiKa, 'freely,' i.e. 
 with nothing to pay. ' Knowing that the lonians would not get scot- 
 free,' ' would pay dear.' 
 
 I. 7. |ATo. 8c takes up irpura ^iv. ' And next, when he had learned 
 it.' 
 
 1. 8. o/imvai, ' shot,' (d^fy/u). The idea was that the arrow carried a 
 message up to heaven. By Zcvs Herodotus means the Persian Ormuzd. 
 ' The Greeks identify the supreme god of each nation with their own 
 Zeus. Cp. Hdt. i. 131 ; 2. 55, etc.' Rawlinson. 
 
 1. 9. K-yVcr0<u JJLOI, ' mihi contingat* The Greek idiom sometimes 
 employed a sort of exclamatory infinitive in an optatival sense. Cp. Horn. 
 Od. 17. 354 Zeu dVa, Trj\fjLa^ov pot ev dvdpdffiv oX&iov etvai, | /cai ol 
 iravra -ytvoiO' oaaa typtalv yai pevoivq, Aesch. S. c. T. 253 Oeol iroXirai, 
 
 1. 12. |i}ivo. A form of the imperative implying a present, not in 
 use, fiffJU'ojj.ai. Cp. peiivwiieQa, Hdt. 7. 47, Horn. Od. 14. 168. 
 
 3. 
 
 1. i. Iv cro lorn, 'it lies with thee/ 
 
 1. 2. \iTreo-0ai, middle voice, ' to leave a memorial for thyself.' 
 1. 4. Xciirovo-i, the present tense, because the effect is still lasting of 
 what they left behind them. 
 
 t ov = 'ex quo,' 'from the time when.' 
 . 6. BeSoKTcu, ' it has been decided,' sc. by the Persians. 
 , 7. oit] T ICTTL, ' it is able ;' lit. it is just the sort [of cityj as to, etc. 
 , 9. 4s cr4 TI, ' to thee in a way,' ' to thee more or less.' 
 . 10. irpif]YjJLciTCDv is genitive after Kvpos, which is the object to X iy - 
 . 14. cXrrojjiai, ' I expect/ used of fear as well as of hope. 
 
 15. r\v 8e a-ujjtpdXcojjLev, 'but should we engage before any unsound- 
 ness finds its way among some of the Athenians, if the gods give us fair 
 play, we are able to be victors in the engagement.' 
 
 1. 19. irpoo-0f), 'give your adhesion.' Cp. Hdt. 2. 120 TO) \6ya) TQ> 
 
 \XOVTI TTpOffTl6fJ,ai. 
 
 1. 21. diro<nrev86vTa>v, ' dissuadentium ; ' TQV TWV dirotrrrcvSovTcov, sc. 
 
BATTLE OF MARATHON. IX. 2-4. 109 
 
 1. 22. TOJV ty& KaT\^a d-ya0wv. Curt. 598. 2. 
 
 1. 24. KKupam>, ' it was settled.' 
 
 1. 25. TJ yvwjXT] (j)pe, f sententiaferebat* * eo tendebat.' 
 
 1. 26. TrpvTav-rjiT] Ttjs f|p.pir]s, ' the presidency of the day/ sc. * cfos quo 
 quis praesidet concilia? The command in chief devolved each day upon 
 a different general. 
 
 1. 27. 8K6}xvos 5 concessive, 'though he accepted it.' 
 
 4. 
 
 1. I. irpif|X0, ' it came round,' in rotation. 
 
 1. 2. 8ct6v. The right wing was the special post of honour; the 
 danger of the position consisted particularly in the defenceless condition of 
 the right side, the shield being carried on the left arm. The Polemarch 
 took the post as representative of the King, whose place it had been in 
 ancient times. 
 
 1. 5. C^SCKOVTO at 4>vXai, ' the tribes came in succession as they were 
 numbered, keeping close to one another.' <*>s dpiOjjieovTo, refers to the 
 order assigned every year by ballot to the tribes, according to which 
 they were to furnish the prytanies for the year. It was the prytany of 
 the tribe Aeantis on that day, so that they occupied the right wing. 
 'The democratical arrangements of the Cleisthenic constitution pre- 
 vailed in the camp no less than in the city itself. Not only was the 
 army marshalled by tribes, but the tribes stood in their political order.' 
 Rawlinson. 
 
 1. 7. d/rro Tavrrjs -ydp. The meaning implied by 70^ is something 
 like this, ' the Plataeans must have rendered signal service in this battle, 
 FOR from that day forth,' etc. The enclitic <r<J>i, which is thus put early 
 in the sentence, belongs grammatically to Karev\^rai. 
 
 1. 9. irVTTT]pCo-i. The allusion is probably to the great Panathenaic 
 festival. The use of ovaytiv in the sense of ' celebrating ' seems to come 
 from the ' leading up ' of processions, etc., to the temples, which were 
 commonly built on ' high places.' 
 
 1. II. yivtarQai, depends upon Karevxfrai. 
 
 1. 13. TO o-TpaTOircSov Igurov^vov. The word TO arparotr^ov repre- 
 sents here the whole, of which TO* p.V (niaov and TO Sc /cepas are the sub- 
 divisions. Accordingly, instead of using the genitive absolute TOV 
 ffTpaTOTreSov etcrou/*eVov, the writer, by an anticipative apposition, at- 
 tracts the main subject into the same case as the two subdivisions, 
 which are the subjects to kytvero and tpporro respectively. For a similar 
 apposition cp. Hdt. 3. 95 TO 5e -^pvaiov rpLffffatdcKaffraffiov \oyi(6fj,vov 
 TO i^riy/M tvpifftcTai eov K. r. \. Translate, ' The Athenian army being 
 made equal in length with the Persian, the centre of it was but few ranks 
 deep ; and here the army was weakest : but each wing was strengthened 
 with a depth of many ranks.' That is to say, the Athenians and 
 
no NOTES. 
 
 Plataeans, with only 11,000 men, had to present a front all along the 
 Persian line ; and as the principle of all Athenian tactics was to throw 
 their main strength upon the flanks, it followed of necessity that the 
 centre of the army was very shallow. They seem to have entertained 
 the English notion of meeting the enemy with ' the thin red line/ 
 
 5. 
 
 1. I. o>s 8iTTo,KTO, * when [the battle] was set in array.' An im- 
 personal passive. 
 
 1. 2. dirt0T](rav, * emissi sunt? (cufiirjfjii). 
 
 1. 3. -fjcrav. The verb is attracted here into the number of the pre- 
 dicate GTaSiot, instead of being in direct concord with the subject, r& 
 
 1. 6. 7T<|>epov, * charged them with,' ' attributed to them.' 
 
 1. 7. The use of Kal before trayxy is not copulative, but merely 
 emphasises irayx v > as elsewhere in Herodotus KOL /capra, or frequently 
 in Attic Kal iravv. Cp. Horn. Od. I. 318 /cat /*dAa KaXbv t\6jv. 
 
 It has often been doubted whether it was possible for troops to run 
 for a mile before engaging; and we may doubtless regard it as a 
 singular piece of perilous daring. But it must not be forgotten that, 
 owing to the constant practice of gymnastic exercises, the Greeks may 
 be said to have been always 'in training.' Miltiades saw that the 
 quicker his troops got over the intervening ground, the less they would 
 be likely to suffer from the rain of arrows poured upon them by the 
 Persian archers. 
 
 1. 15. MTjScov. Herodotus uses this word often as convertible with 
 4 Persian.' With the sentiment here expressed cp. Aesch. Pers. 23 rayol 
 Hcpawv . . . (poftcpol JJLCV tSefj/, ib. 48 tyoficpav ofyw TrpoffiSeaOcu. But the 
 statement of Herodotus is a plain exaggeration. 
 
 1. 1 8. 2aKai. The system of the Persians seems to have been to mass 
 their strongest troops in the centre. The Sacae, inhabitants of the N.E. 
 of Bactriana, were famous horsemen and archers. 
 
 1. 22. ewv, from Idcw. They joined their two wings, their centre hav- 
 ing been, as it were, cut out and driven inland, and with these combined 
 troops they fell upon the centre of the Persian army. 
 
 1. 25. irvp ai'Tov. So Hector cries to the Trojans, II. 15. 718 oiffere 
 Trvp, ajj.a 8' avTol doAAees opvwr dvTrjv. \ vvv fj^iv iravTojv Zevs aiov Tipap 
 eSooKC | vrjas tXew. 
 
 1. 28. diro 8' <f6av, tmesis for aircOave Se. 
 
 1.31. The a<j)\acrTov, (' aplustre '), was the sweeping curve with 
 which the wood-work of the stern ended. This curve rose considerably 
 above the vessel's level, and was generally richly decorated. 
 
 TT|V x ?P a diroKoircCs. Curt. 404. Cynaegirus was a brother of 
 Aeschylus the tragedian. 
 
THERMOPYLAE. X. i. Ill 
 
 1. 35. avaKpouo-d[jivoi, * having pushed off from land.' The verb 
 cannot have its more usual meaning here of ' backing water,' as Cynae- 
 girus would have been unable to seize the a.q>\aarov of a ship, unless 
 the stern had been pointing landwards. 
 
 1. 36. <f>0TJvai, ' to get the start of.' Sunium is the south promontory 
 of Attica. 
 
 aiTii] ccrxc, 'the charge was maintained;' &TX, 'held good,' Lat. 
 ' obtimdt.' 
 
 1. 37. 'AXK|x,aiu>viSca>v. This partisanship would be due to the con- 
 nection of the Alcmaeonidae with Hippias. 
 
 1. 38. avTovs 4mvoT]0T]vai, ' that they, sc. the Persians, hit upon this 
 device.' The method of signalling with the surface of a polished 
 shield was the same as the modern practice of sending a flash from a 
 mirror to a distance. 
 
 1. 41. ws TroSwv ixov, ' quantum pedibus valebant.' Cp. Hdt. 8. 107 
 us rdxeos e?x ticaffTos. 
 
 1. 43. e HpaK\T)iov. Their camp at Marathon had been pitched in 
 a precinct of Heracles ; and again, after marching the twenty-six miles 
 between Marathon and Athens, they encamp in another precinct sacred 
 to the same hero, in Cynosarges, a grassy spot on the south-east side of 
 the city towards the Ilissus. 
 
 1. 45. -iTTpaicopT]0VTs ^a\T|pov, * lying to off Phalerum/ A graphic 
 word for ships out at sea ; lit. ' floating above/ 
 
 1. 47. dvaKo>xtJiv, (sc. rcis vrjas), seems to mean lit. ' having checked 
 the course of their ships out at sea.' We may render, ' hove to/ 
 
 THERMOPYLAE. 
 
 1. 
 
 1. i. Air|(ji(ip < r)T. Demaratus, king of Sparta, had been banished 
 through the intrigues of his colleague Cleomenes, and welcomed by 
 Darius with a friendliness that was not altogether disinterested. He- 
 rodotus represents him as sincerely attached to the Persian cause ; but, 
 according to Justin, his patriotism made him but a false friend to his 
 patron ; inasmuch as he kept the state of Lacedaemon informed of the 
 projects of the Persian king. Justin calls him ' amicior patriae post 
 fugam qnam regi post beneficia.' 
 
 1. 5. With tiirojjicveovo-i supply jie. 
 
 1. 6. ov -yo-p . . . ou8^ . . . OVK. Notice the repetition of negatives 
 with an accumulative force. 
 
 1. 7. irpos 4<nrpT]S. Curt. 467 B b. 
 
 1. 9. jjiij IOVTCS dpfyuoi, = * if they be not agreed,' * nisi /uerint inter se 
 Concordes.' 
 
NOTES. 
 
 TO a/rro <rv, 'the [opinion] coming from you,' i.e. your view. 
 
 1. 12. TjSovfj is used by a sort of zeugma with \pfiaoiuu. We should 
 rather expect irpbs fjdovty Xtyciv, or some such phrase. 
 
 1. 13. ovSev oi dirjSeo-Tepov, meaning, 'he should experience no loss of 
 favour.' 
 
 2. 
 
 1. 2. limSir] d\T)0T]iT), ' since thoti biddcst me keep wholly to the truth, 
 speaking in such a way as that one may not hereafter be detected by thee 
 of lying.' 
 
 1. 3. TO, is the accusative of 'internal object,' Curt. 401, equivalent 
 to & favfea i//vS6[Jivo5. The use of |AT|, instead of the simple negative 
 ov, may be accounted for by the fact that the passage has somewhat the 
 character of a final sentence ; as though the words had run OVTOJ Xeyoi/ra 
 
 &GT fJlf) \^V^6fJLVOV TlVd dXufffffOai. 
 
 1. 8. Totis AcoptKovs x"P ov s. He means those regions of the Pelo- 
 ponnese where the Dorian race preponderated. 
 
 1. 9. Jfpxojjuu Xc^cav, so tpxopai (ppdffouv, Hdt. 3. 102. Cp. the French 
 *je vats dire.' 
 
 1. ii. OVK corn OKCOS, 'it is not possible that.' 
 
 1. 13. Kal T]V . . . <J>povooT, 'even though all the rest of the Greeks 
 join thy side.' Cp. Hdt. 9. 99 oi 2,afjuoi ra ''EXXtyuv k^poveov. 
 
 1. 15. TJV T -yelp rvx^cri, 'for should they happen to take the field, 
 only a thousand in number.' 
 
 3. 
 
 1. I. irapcl-fiKC, 'let pass.' 
 1. 2. diroBpTjcrcaOai, from airofiiSpao'KCtJ. 
 
 1. 7. <EmiTTOv, iT6<rf|icrav, a/rriqAauvov. The force of these tenses is to 
 suggest repeated attacks and defeats. But the Medes 'were unable to dis- 
 lodge them, though they suffered terrible losses.' This means that not even 
 the most reckless expenditure of life enabled them to take the position. 
 
 1. 10. avOpco-rrot . . . avBpes- Cp. Livy 27. 13 ' Ita concio dimissa 
 fatentium sese increpitos, neque illo die virum quemquam in acie Rom ana 
 fuisse praeter unum ducem.' 
 
 1. 1 1 . 8t' TjjjLtpirjs, ' right through the day.' 
 1. 12. TpT)X>s irpitirovTo, ' were roughly handled.' 
 1. 14. dOavarovs. The 'Immortals' were 10,000 picked Persian 
 troops ; so called, because their number was always kept up exactly to 
 that sum ; and if one man died, his place was instantly filled. 
 1. 15. Ko,TpYacr6}jivoi, 'sure to make short work of them.' 
 1. 16. ovScv irXcov 4<|>lpovTO, 'gained' no more success than,' etc. 
 1. 19. irXTjOci' xpT|<ra<r0ai, ' to gain any advantage from their numbers.' 
 1.21. d\\a TC diTo8iKvti|JLVot Kal <|)VYcrKov, i.e. ' among other 
 exhibitions . . . they pretended to take to flight.' We should rather 
 
THERMOPYLAE. X. 2-5. 
 
 expect the parallel to be given by two participles or two finite verbs, 
 than by a combination like this. 8-i]06v gives the sense of ' pretence.' 
 
 1. 22. OKWS, with the independent optative, ha? the meaning of 
 indefinite frequency. 
 
 1. 23. KaTaXafJLpav6|jivoi, 'just as they were being caught.' 
 
 1. 24. \nr<TTp<j>ov dv. See Curt. 494, obs. I. 
 
 1. 27. Join ovScv irapoXapetv, 'to secure nothing;' so that rrjs IcroSov 
 is left dependent on TrcipfcufjLcvoi. 
 
 1. 28. Kara rcXca, ' by divisions.' 
 
 1. 29. TTpoo-oSouru, * assaults.' 
 
 1. 33. OVTWV refers to 'E\\rjvo}v, as does also <r4>as, but IXirio-avres 
 to the Persians. 
 
 1. 37. V |xepi, 'in tum,' = 'swa quisque vice* 
 
 4. 
 
 1. i. o TU xpT|< r Tat, 'how he shall deal with.' 
 
 1. 9. ircpl Xvxvcov cujxxs. Before the invention of clocks, the times of 
 day or night were named by various phrases like this. So in Homer, 
 'dinner-time,' for midday; 'ox-loosing time,' for evening, and below 
 6 ks ayopfjs irXrjO&prjv. 
 
 1. 10. o,Tpair6s. The localities may be best seen by reference to 
 accompanying sketch map, and the course of the path Anopaea traced 
 from the Asopus to the town of Alpenus, ' the first Locrian town on the 
 side of the Malians.' 
 
 1. 13. Anopaea (avco) means only 'high-pass.' The change of coast 
 line, and the altered course of the rivers must be taken into account if 
 we are to understand how Thermopylae was a narrow pass. 
 
 1. 20. <j>vXao-<rov. See 3 ad fin. 
 
 1. 23. 11 Ko,TO) 4crpoXT| is the pass by the shore. 
 
 tiro TWV ipT]Tai, ' by those by whom it was said [to be guarded].' 
 
 1.25. V'iro8(i|jivoi, 'having pledged themselves,' or, 'promised to 
 Leonidas.' 
 
 <r<j>as, sc. the Persians. Join (jxaOov w8c. 
 
 1. 29. dva T tSpajxov, tmesis, ' started up.' 
 
 1. 38. Kopvjjipos, ' crest,' * rounded top.' 
 
 4irurnifjivoi, in a sense frequent in Herodotus, ' believing that the 
 attack was directed principally (a/)%^ = originally) against them.' 
 
 1. 43. ot 8^, i. e. the Persians, took no further notice of the Phocians, 
 but passed by them and began the descent. 
 
 5. 
 
 1. 2. rcl tpd, more commonly ra a<payia, 'the victims.' 
 1. 3. lirl 8^, ' and besides,' or, ' and next ; ' taking up trpuTov fjiw. 
 1. 5. CTI VVKTOS, 'brought the news while it was still night.' 
 
 12 
 
I 14 NOTES. 
 
 1. 5. rpuroi 8, Tptros generally introduces a climax = ' third and last.' 
 
 1. 8. OVK ecov, 'were not for permitting.' 
 
 1. 10. 8iaicpt0VTs, ' having separated ' = * soluto concilia? 
 
 1. 15. OVK uirpTTo>s X tv ' This construction follows from some 
 participle like vapifav, easily supplied from Krjd6p.vos. ' Thinking that 
 it was not seemly for him and his Spartans,' etc. 
 
 1. 16. dpxt|V, adverbial; as above, 4. 1. 43. 
 
 1. 18. 0T]|3aioi. The Thebans had been the first to offer earth and 
 water to Xerxes, and they were probably unwilling combatants at 
 Thermopylae, and thus they are described as being detained as hostages. 
 Perhaps the eager readiness of the Thespians was not unconnected with 
 their jealousy of the Thebans, in whose possible disgrace they may have 
 seen their own chance of heading the Boeotian confederacy. 
 
 6. 
 
 1. I. o-TTovSds. Xerxes is described, B. 7. 54, as pouring these 
 * libations from a golden cup to greet the rising sun. 
 
 1. 2. irAtjOtopTjv. See note on \vx v<av a<pal, 4 ad init. 
 
 1. 10. cpvfxa. This wall was at the eastern end of the defile. The 
 Phocians had built it to resist any encroachment from the Thessalians. 
 
 1. 12. <rv|jL|Aicj"yovTS is in exact parallelism with VTT^IOVTCS, but 
 having been assimilated to it in case it causes a violent anacoluthon, 
 for it refers only to the *E\\rji/s and not at all to the iroXXol rwv @ap- 
 fiapcav. A genitive absolute would have removed the difficulty. 
 
 1. 1 8. Xo-yos TOV diroXXvjjievou, 'reckoning of the lost.' 
 
 With mo-Tap,voi the Greeks become once more the subject of 
 the sentence. 
 
 1. 21. irapaxpax|Xvoi, sc. roiffi aw^aaLv, 'recklessly sacrificing them- 
 selves in their desperation.' 
 
 With dTcovres (dre'cu, Attice draco) cp. Horn. II. 20. 332 AtVc/a, ris 
 a' &$ Oewv CLTtovTa K\evct \ dvria Tlr]\iwi'os virepOvfJLOio paxtaQai ; 
 
 1. 24. iru06|ju)v. These names were all inscribed on a pillar at 
 Sparta, which was still standing, 600 years after the event, in the time 
 of Pausanias. 
 
 1. 32. <rvvo-TT|K, ' was still being waged ;' ' committebatur* 
 
 1. 39. Toto-t . . . Trpiov<rcu, those of them who still had them (sc. 
 m p.a-xa.ipa.1) remaining.' 
 
 1. 41. vavTtt]S Trto"rr6|Jivoi, = ' ex adverso invadentes* 
 
 1. 51. v aX<rytT) irotijjjivov, 'making 'of no account.' 
 
 1. 56. avrov TavTT| TTjircp, 'just on the very spot where.' 
 
 1. 57. irpoTpov 4\, 'who had fallen before those who were dismissed 
 by Leonidas had gone.' 
 
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