J N & GABii/iHl WHOLESALE :«•§ U 1 11 ;■ LUi \S\\y.' mm mm. Nos. 55, 57, 59 and 61 HUDSO " STREET. OANAL STREET f • ';■"• V V ;j:'f)s, '\ i-.U!' mutual Insurance Co., SI n^ALI. STREET, cor. William, INSURANCE AGAINST MARINE AND INLAND ' NAVIGATION RISKS. Reserved Capital, Over $2,500,000. ASSETS, OVER SIX MILLIONS DOLLARS, VIZ. : Stocks of the United States, of the State of New-York, and of Kew-York City Banks. $2,587,021 01 Loans secured by Stocks, Bonds and Mortgages, and otherwise, 755,510 00 Real Estate, 200,000 00 Dividends on Stocks, Interest on Bonds and Mortgages and other Loans, sundnr Notes, Ke-Insurance, and other claims due the Company, esti- mated at 115.407 48 Premium Notes and Bills Keceivable, 2,r81,999 53 Cash in Bank, '. 182,794 65 Total Amount of Assets, $6,002,732 67 The WHOLE PROFITS of the Company revert to the Assured, and the profits of each year are divided upon the Premiums terminated during that year, and for which Certifi- cates are issued, bearing interest until redeemed. Dividend of Profits declared Jantfary, 1860, 35 per cent. : Total Profits for 17K years, $10,428,470 60 Of which there has been redeemed by Cash, 6,619,220 00 TRUSTEES John D. Jones, Hbnry Coit, Lowell Holbrook, Edward H. Gillilan, Lkrot M. Wiley, Geo. C. Hobson, IIenky K. Bogert, Joseph Gaillard, Jr., Watts Sherman, Benj. Babcock, Charles Dennis, Wm. C. Pickersgill, Robert C. Gooduce, Royal Phelps, Daniel S. Miller, David Lane, A, A. Low, William Wood, Edward R. Bell, Fletcher Westray, Wm. II. n. Moore, Lewis Curtis, P. A. Hargous, Caleb Barstow, S. T. NiCOLL, James Bryce, William E. Dodge, J. Henry Burgy, E. E. Morgan, C. A. Hand. JOHN D. Thomas Tilleston, Charles H. Russell, Meyer Gans, A. P. PiLLOT, Joshua J. Henry, Wm. Sttjrgis, Jr., Dennis Perkins, Cornelius Grinnell, B. J. How LAND, JONES, PreMdent. Charles Dennis, Vice-President. W. H. H. Mooke, 2d Vice-President. BALL, BLACK & CO., ^67 and 4i09 Broadway^ (S. W. COR. OF PRINCE STREET,) MANUFACTUTtllsra AND IMPORTERS OF ^^ CLOCKS, BRONZES, GAS FIXTURES, RICH FANCY GOODS, MARBLE STATUARY, PAINTINGS, AND WORKS OF ART AND LUXURY, Wc have opened this establishment to the public with an entire new and magnificent stock of goods, to which we have added an extensive department for the sale of GAS FIXTURES, 111. all their varieties. The building being of the most solid materials, and fire-proof, and fitted up yith steam power and all the modern improvements, expressly for the manufacturing of Silver Ware in all its branijhes, and the fabrication of Each department being furnished with an experienced artisan for designing and modelling, thus rendering it one of the most complete workshops in the United States. All orders, however extensive, will be executed on the premises, and under our own supervision. HENRY BALL, WM. BLACK, EBENEZER MONROK TODD ^ REYNOLDS, MANUFACTURERS OF Tlieir Celebrated c Q BEST' Gold and Silver Pencils^ 166 BKO^nJV^l^^ New-York. These Pens are used by the principal Bank and Insurance Officers, Book-Keepers, Clerks, &c., in New- York, Boston, Philadelphia and other large cities, all of whom testify that they are the *' Best Fens they have ever used^ They will be sold by only one house in a town, aiid we will correspond with any responsible party who may wish to secure the exclusive sale of them in their place, stating prices, terms, &c. TODD A llEY»rO£l>S. University of California • Berkeley The Peter and Rosell Harvey Memorial Fund WM. F. HARNDEN, THE ORIGINAL EXPRBBSMAN. <^vwtitMa ] '(. .3^. JS07. -)^ u-'o^rfi ^/ .J.J. Adams X? Co. a4/'y,r^f^^j/?/4^^ e/iyaae^//r/yy^^/^ ' '///.//r ^/.J//Y// j/r///Vi: Jvn^/j ^/J^ A vr/fy/i-i'^ A^/^t/:u ?>^iif T .T..1. Adams & Co. yf/jf ^/>///r//^y4r^/A^ //a/// /'///y/j y/ ' A^yr/y^^^iryy/ayz/^Ury/i^ ^yy/^i^.i^ j^^ r//y//y/^ a /y/f^y yy/^y''/Zm^nZ^yyyy^a^^iiytymy/f'^^^^ yr/yyr^y. y/y/ij. // y//yy/ /y// /y yyyyy rr yy/y yyyyyyy y/r yyw //yYy/^/y;f y// //,/ury .C/y/'f/ ry//y yy /yy/y// yy/ //yyyyiyy/ y/ A y r/y.]^/^/^ // / //. ///y// ///< St H V "^i^.j^^^m^ AW: :^ ' /r/ //r///.J f ^aae t/ --i*ib^. ^•■ DRUG ST^ItIlS,,^^^'a4/'argy 6^^/^j, <^^ttt^t^^a , HOUSE FURNISHING STONES. Grocery' Stores, WoodenWare Stores, p/^///a a////^/aAj//w^ o^o^ and omoe (2)tx>ted, SLOT STORES, AvOTHEVAlUES,cSr/Yi/Y4:m/^4J, Printers andType Founders , HA IE DRESSER St KAILKOADSp stables & HORSES, r^^^l^^, Curriers, SILVER SMlTn^,fi^rr/ua?^ COTTOX,WOOLEX and PAPER MILIiS, EXPORT, i^c.&(. leoo. EXPRESS OFFICE HAND-BOOK AND DIRECTOEY, FOR THE USE OP 1,200 EXPRESS AGENTS AND TBEIR CUSTOMERS, BEING THE HISTORY OF THE EXPRESS BUSINESS AND THE EARLIER RAIL-ROAD ENTERPRISES IN THE UNITED STATES. TOGETHER WITH SOME REMINISCENCES OF THE OLD MAIL COACHES AND BAGGAGE WAGONS. BY A. L. STIMSON. INTERLEAVED WITH IT WILL BE FOUND THE ADVERTISE- MENIB OF NUMEROUS MERCANTILE AND MANU- FACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS. [see index.] PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY JOHN K. STIMSON, STJLTIONEB, No. 77 Ckdab Stb4kt. 1860. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1860, by A. L. STIMSON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New-Yorl£. ADVERTISEMENT. In issuing, for the use of the Express Companies and their customers, the present edition of the Express History, (corrected and revised, and written up to the present time,) the Editor has sought to augment its utility as an Express Office Hand-Book, by appending a list of all the Express Stations of any importance in the United States and Canada, together with a list of the Agents' names ; an addition that cannot fail to be constantly referred to, not only by Express employes, but by those patrons throughout the country who have inquiries to send to offices at a distance, in which case it is an advantage to know the Express Agents' address. To advertisers in the work the price of the book is $1 ; to all others, (except the 1,200 Agents, to whom it is sent voluntarily by the publisher,) the price is $1 50. KIDDER BROTHERS, 161 Chambers Street, NEW-YORK, Manufacturers of Woollen and Union Kerseys. KERSEY, WOOLLEN AND LINEN HORSE COVERS MADE UP IN THE GREATEST VARIETY. Enamelled and Patent Leather Work, Russet Heins, Web * Halters, Bridles^ Martingales, Surcingles, Black and Russet Covered Buckles, Ribbon and Silver Rosettes, Pads and Gig Saddles. OF ALL KINDS. Also, importers and dealers in Pkiid Linen Sheetings, Burlaps, Bagging, Horse Blankets, Whips, Combs, Harness Loops, Blue and Scarlet Cloth, Rein, Girth, Roller and Boot Web, Worsted Bindings, Blanket and Shoe Threads, Tomp- kins' Gig Trees, Fly Nets, &c. IW LOW FOE CASH OB APPROVED CREDIT, H. A. KIDDER & CO., No. 161 Chambers Street, Near Hudson River Rail-Road Depot O. T^. BEHSTEDICT, ' WHOLESALE DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF Paper and Twine, 64 JOHN STREET, (COKNER OF WILUAU,) JVew-lTork. ALL SIZES, WEIGHTS AND QUALITIES OF MANILLA, HARDWARE, PRINTING, TISSUE, TEA AND STRAW Suitable for Hatters, Confectioners, Druggists, Shoe Dealers, Grocers, Dry Goods, Silk Merchants, Tobacconists, Printers and others, constantly on hand, at the LOWEST FRIGES. Lit f Ei, iiP ill NIL PiPEiS, Grlazed Papers, etc. For 'the accommodation of Printers and others, I sell parts of reams at the wholesale price. IS^ Orders by Express promptly and satisfactorily filled. OSBORN ^ SWAN, Importers and Dealers in HARDWARE, CUTLERY, £c. ]\os. 33 and 34 Fulton Street, Between Pearl and Water Streets, *^'1j^ *^S^^» HORTON'S, ALBERTSON'S AND BARTON'S TRUSS UOOPS, RiraS, BICK IRONS, HOWELS, CROZES, COOPERS' MORSES. WINDLASSES, ANVILS, VICES, SHio-\rels, Sx3»'des, If'orls.is, CUT AND WROVtiUT NAILS, SPIKES, &e., &e. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Frontispiece. — A portrait of William F. Harnden, from a likeness in the possession of his widow. A Steel Engraving of Alvin Adams, (prepared expressly for this work, by A. H. Ritchie, 442 Broadway,) page 72. A portrait of Henry Wells, President of the American Express Com- pany page 106. Picture of the " Harnden " and " National " Express Office . . .page 62. Little Falls, on the American Express Route page 165. A California Scene on Wells, Fargo & Co's Route page 201 . The Old Mail Stage and Baggage-Wagon Business — Curious Rem- iniscences — The Origin of Rail Roads in New England — The Earlier Charters — Wm. F. Harnden starts the first Package Ex- press page 40. gart ^mU. Biography of Harnden — His Express Enterprises in America and Europe — His Decease — Subsequent Extension of the Harnden Express Business, and its present Condition page 40 to 60. Rise and progress of the second Express firm, Adams & Co. — Bio- graphical notice of Alvin Adams — An Express in a Hat! — Suc- cess of his firm — Extension of Route to Philadelphia — Sanford and Shoemaker's connection — Creation of joint-stock Company — Present operations, East, South and West, by the Adams Ex- press Company page 61 to 76. ii PINCHOT, BRDEN & SEABUKY, 8acccs8«r8 to Israel miner & Co*, No. 214 Fulton Street, JKT. Y-, Wholesale Dealers iii Orupjs, Medicines, Paints, Oils, Dj e Stuffs, Patent Medicines, Alcohol, Burning Fluid, &Ct The Subscribers invite attention to the following POPULAR MEDICINES, »nd other articles of which tbey are the SOLE PROPRIETORS, and which they offer to the trade on liberal terms: SEABURY'S OLEAGINOUS OPODELDOC,- a celebrated remedy for Rhen- mati^ia, Burns, Wounds, Bruiifes, «tc.; also, an invaluable Uorse Liniment Retails for 25 cents. SEABURY'S COUGH BALSAM; a very popular remedy for all diseases of the Throat and Lungy. For Whooping Cough and common Colds it has no equal. Its rapid growth in public favor is an evidence of its real merit. Price, 15 and 30 cents. SEABURY'S HIVE SYRUP is a most reliable medicine in Croup— no family, where there are young children, shmld be without it. Price, 12 cents. SEABURY'S WORM DESTROYER is a safe and certain exterminator of in- testinal Worms. Price, 25 cents. SEABURY'S RUBEFACIENT is very valuable as a counter-irritant ia Rhea- matism, Neuralgia, fe American Watch Co Alt, CharleM Ply-leaf American Clock Co. »• Adam.H, Union 150 An-et C^impany 163 Beiij.imii:. J. K 16 IJrown. II. A. A Ok 13 Ualley, S. T ltcuuetl,J. A 39 Backua. K. A Co 160,161 B<-eH!ey, Joaepli 1*1 Boeclic-r, A, P Bacon ManufacturtBKOo 107 Blakeulee, K. 139 Bromley, J. S. *K US BildKM, A k Co 13 Bowles. S.B Ba>;arilui<, Jamoa SO Bale. 'I'iiomas M 9 Benedict, a W Fly-leaf Baxter. C. U. * A. T. * Co lOa Berry, T. S. B<^als t Ureeue, (Boston Post) . ... 97 Boniiey, Z. IB Buitman. II. A Co 127 Butlertleld, A. t> 13!) Berrieu. U. A Co 115 Continental Ins. Co vlll Clerk, Oiten * Baker TO Couover Jc Woolley 76 Clark, James A 100 Cory, W. U 37 Couroy, J. J 39 Cook, James xvl OhadwUk. M. C lOJ CunnlnKli-ini, J. F. 113 Coleman, W. T. * Co 68, 69 Coni-an, J. P Chevalier, J. D Clark. D. W , Cilstadoia 3 Ciiamlwi lain H. S 77 Commeirial Ailvertlser 9j Colt's Mduufacturlug Company En. U 16 Diiiiham J. B 36 DoMttt, C M Deakyue k Howe 83 IiidKi", Ihos. II SO Diivis. Tlionias 7:. DabhK, O * Co 117 Dickinson, W. tJ la^ Ouhmc k Coi. UO Kvans, (J. O XV KhkHsIi * Mersick 176 Karlf. T. K. k Cc 110 Kilney, J. W 10 Evens. P , Jr. 13^ Klllott * Patten 81 KvMis * Watson ir<3 BvenluK Post 90 Field, C. W. . . . Fairbanks k Co. Francis k Louti FAOK. Fiinston k Scofield 159 Foley, John 6 FraSLT, John M. 76 Foul.is. K. P., Jr 31 Pal. child. I^ W • 67 Piazler, Mills * Co 122 Poster, J. Jr. 4 Co 129 Gilbert, S. B 1 Ouruey Jk Son K" Oruber, J. P 2:) Galbralth, H a OilchtUt k Daniels U7 Q.>eilecket . Klein A Co 8 Gouraud, T. F in Home Insurance Comp«nv 9.T Ut-nick, W. k v.. K 156 Kowlaul Jt FrotbinKham 61 He^emaii k Co I4r< Hall Dixon k Co 3 HIckcox.T. N 19 Hopp.!, Jiilm K 43 Hedges Jk Mois« 36 Humor, Keller k Co .'.l Hull. J. C. k Sons 33 Hedenberg, P. I.,, Jt Sou 47 Hampton, Adam 2'.' Hills k Benton 177 Hu.-lbnit.C. T U Hall X Waldron »(• Homans J. S .'>9 Hartford ftliknufacturini; Company Hall. CaiT'dl k Co. 134 Hunt Jk Wearl 65 PAOM. New Haven Wheel Company 158 New York Spectator 9* Osborn k Swan i Onion Jt Wlicelock 48 Orr, N. 4 Co. 69 Pinchof, Briien k Seabury ill I'ji.vuii & Cai'hart Cover Peck Biotheis IT Price, E. B SO Phelps k Kluj^nmns U Park, J. D ISl Pase, W. H. k Co 6« Peck, Mllo k Co 143 Ridley k Co 34 Klchardson, Boynton k Co FIy4<«f KeaKles. E 43 KItchie k Ci US Kitcl.io, A. H l.-iS RuliHon, Dunne 131 Kodney k Aikin» ISS lioscY* Brotheis MauulactuiiuK C0...ISS Sun Mutual Insurance Company.... 01 Stimson, Valentine k Co US Suftou 4 Co 308 Sands, A B. A C C S<^'hienrolln Brothtua A Co 4 Stout 4 He;;eman SS >»OHleyA lA-e 5S I33'8iri-ell, Lrf-ni. W «T >eailes A WilUania 41 Sudth, Dr. S. B 7J Stewart 4 Co a .«u, Natli'l Jai-ksim. W. 4 S Leconipie, L 1 I.MUK-e, J. 4 Bro 14 LyoD 4 Brown lOi Mercantile Mutual Insurance Co 92 Mui^s, H. Jr. 4 Smith oa Mason 4 Ely «;i McMurray, J. O. 4 Co 40 .Many, Baldwin 4 Many 41 Moss, GeoiKe A *> Marks. A. A 7 McLellaii, D. 4 J xvl MiuKlc, P. B. 4 Co 79 Murphy, K 15.. filler. D. D 146 .Mendum, G. K. 9". Me.rlam, B. W 16 Mayher, A. F. 4 Co lo7 .Hiller 4 Coates 84 Meiviu, R 119 Mowry, S 66 Moore. Wilsl>ach, Keys 4 Co 143 .Men/.el, O. A. A Co I40 Malilcr, Loid A Queicau 96 Maltby, C. S 130 New England Life Insurance Co. Nlcolay, A. H Noyes, William -■"loss k, Lane 17T Simmons, W 160 n. Jolin, Raymond A Co 17S Sllnuon, John K. & Brn 338 Sullivan A Hyatt 169 Syracuse House IM Tiffany k Co Covei' i'a.-.lor 4 Brother 68 rill k Knevels 7T Todii k Ueynolds Fly-leirf rracy, Oeoree M 174 Dldinger, W. P. k Co 118 United States Hotel 1S4 Van Vleck, J. T 64 Van Horn. C 48 VaKt, J. O U Van Antweip k Co 62 West, J. D. 4 Co vi Woodward, Eugene sltr Wihier. B. G. k Co ii» Woerner k Mneale. 149 Walling, H. F 31 Wells, B. G ST Wilde. 8, k Son Fly-Ienf Wilson. D. C. k Co M Williams. C. F 46 Woodman, OeorKe «I Whiton, A. >. k A. G 61 Willard. J. W. k Co n Winch, A 106 Warne, K. A lU. Ware, H IS* Wdetler k Dixon 106 Worcester Wire Works 88 Vll THE INSURED PARTICIPATE IN THE PROFITS, Without incurring any Liability whatever. (mTlNENTAL l^^SU.RANCE CO, CITY OF NEW YORK. OFFMCE, J%^o. 18 irvil/l. STREET. STOCK CAPITAL, (all paid in, and securely invested,) $500,000 SURPLUS, 450,000 Insures Buildings, Merchandise, Household Furniture, Rents, Leases, and other Insurable Property, against FIRE, at rates charged by other solvent Institutions. Three-fourths of the net profits of the bufinesa of this Company are divided annually to holders of its Policies. FlTKt Annual Division to Policy Holders, declared Jaly 9(h, 1857, - - 33i percent. Second «« «< »( July Sth, 1 58, - - 50 '' Third <( (( (< July Ufb, 1859, - - 50 «« Foortb (( «< wiU occur <« 1&60, DIRECTORS. GEORGE T. HOPE, President. A. A. I/)W, ..of the firm of.. A. A. Low & Brotlier WllUAM V BRAIiT. Thomas 'Dlkstd.v, (Pres. Phenix Bank,) SpofTurd, Tilestou A: Co. Gw>. Griswoij), of the firm of.N. L. & G. Griswold JAIHS Frkkla\d Wm. H. Cary 1. H. BRiaaAM Sam'lD. Baro)ck .. Adrriius B. Hull... A. SrVDWBLL JoH» H. Eari.r Cbas. M. CoNNOixy, . Wm. H. Swa.\. Damrl W. Tkixkr,.. Shkppard Gandy, . . John Fa ink. Co*-*. H. BAWRKNCK TeR.\UHK, BiramBarnky, .. Freelaiid. Squires X Co. Gary. Howard, ^^ange^ & Co. Urighain A: I'arson.s . . Babcock, Brothers & Co. B. A. Fahnestock. Hull* Co. A Slu.hvell &Co. ...J'mallwood, Earle & Co. ..Chas. .VI. Connolly & Co. . . Galwey. Casado & Teller .Robert &WiIUaiu8 nth & Tuttle Thomas Smull & Sons Booth A: Kd^ar .. Mo.se8 Taylor & Co. .Barney, Butler &. I'ar.sons ^VII^o^• G. Hu.vr.of the firm of Wilson G. Hunt ft Co. B>^Al)Isu JoH.vsux, .. Thomas Fraskr, .... S. B. Chittk.vpkn, .. JoH.v Caswkli. Edmund M. Young.. Wklu.ngio.v Clasp . . ..Wm. M. John.son'M Son. .. .Thos. Eraser & Brother ... S. B. ( hittenden & Co. John Casweli & Co. . . . .Young. Hiultz & Co. Clapp & Kent CYRUS PEOK. Assiatant Secretary. Lycirgus EiKikRTox, ' L.Edger ton, Rogers & Hatch ....C. H. Marshall & Co. I). & A Dows & Co. . . . Boweu. Holmes & Co. . .Ricbardx. Haight & Co. Geo. S. btepbenson k Co. Wrijjht. Gillett & Rawsoo . . Sawyer, Wallace & Co. Geo. W. Lane & Co. Adams & Hawthorn .. . . Claflin, Melleu & Co. I). H. Arnold, (Pres. of .Mercantile Bank) J. H. Ra-\S(»m, " J. H. Ransom & Co. Hknrv Eyre. JoshPH Battkli., " . . Eagleston. Battell k Co. RoBT. H. McCukdy,. " . .late McCurdy, A.'drich & Spencer H. H. LAMPORT, Secretary. (.'harlks i.ampox, ... John I>. Maiks HK.NRY C. riOWKN, . Wm. M. Richards,.. GKO. S. STEPHK.VSO.V, . JoH.v H. Wright. . . Samuki. a. Sawyer,. Gbo. \V. L.\nk RoBr. H Hawthorn, HOKACK B. Clafu.\, Till BUiSlJNJiiSS INDEX. AUCTIONEERS OF STOCKS. Albert H. Nicolay, 52 Wall St., N. Y. .p. 109 ACCOUNTANTS. Wheeler & Dixon 108 Hiram Dixon & Son 108 AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, &C. A.F. Mayher&Co 1G7 ARCHITECTS. B. G. Wells 67 ARTIFICIAL LIMBS. William Selpho 94 A.A.Marks 7 ARTIFICIAL EYES. Thomas Davis 75 AUSTRALIA AND CALIFORNIA PACKETS. W. T. Coleman & Co 09 Mailler, Lord & Qiiereau 9s Sutton «fc Co. ... 206 ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS. Bloss .V Lane, St. Louis 177 J. P.Conraii d-i lOl Henry Morgan, Albany, Ga BANKERS. H. Meigs, Jr.. «t Smith 63 W. T. Coleman & Co t)« J. T. Van Vleek U Van AntwiTp & Co 65 T lylor Brothers 65 BEDS AND BEDDING. W. S. Di'kiuson 128 Martin Willard 168 • BOOKSELLERS. G. G. Evans, Philadelphia xv A. Winch 106 R. Mclvin 119 D. W.Clark I'-'O BOOTMAKERS. Joseph Beesley 171 BROKERS. Custom House, John K. Stimson & Bro. . 228 BUG AND ANT POISON. Killam's Exterminator 172 BRUSHES. J. J. Adtims .V. Co See Title Page J. (;. McMirray& Co 40 J. K. Ho. pel 43 D. Berrie.1 «& Co 145 CANDIES. Btewart iV Co 2 Ridley & Co 24 CEMENT. Delafield A- Baxter 86 CHINA AND GLASS. J.G. A. Vagt 11 CLOCKS. American Clork Company 35 E.BIakeslee 139 A. D. Smith 141 CLOTHING. Pavan A Carhart See Cover T. W. Spragne & Co 137 CARRIAGE BUILDERS & WHEELWRIGHTS. Brewster fi Baldwin xi Lawrence, Bradley & Pardee I7ft English k Mersick 176 S B. Gilbert 1 H.S. Chamberlain 77 CORDAGE. Excelsior Patent Cordage (jompany. . . 61 DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS. J. W. Willard & Co DENTAL INSTRUMENTS. J. D. Chevalier 144 Jones & White 101 DRUGGISTS. A. B. Sands & Co 6 SchieRelin Rrothers 4 Hi'geman A Co 148 Pinchot Brnen k Seabury i'i Hall. Dixon it Co 3 C.T.Hurlbuit 62 DIES AND STENCILS. T. H.Hickcox 19 ENCAUSTIC TILES. Miller & Coates 34 ENAMELLED IRON WARE. J. L. Mott Iron Works ENGRAVERS. A. H. Ritchie 15S [For specimen, see portrait of Alvin Adams on page 72.] N Orr.V Co 89 Stout .V Hegeraan 32 C. Reagles 43 FANCY GOODS. Kirtland, North it Piatt xii FIREWORKS. Funston fi Scofield 169 Robert Foulds, Jr 31 FISHING TACKLE. T.H. BateAiCo 9 J.J. C> E. A. Warne WASHING MACHINES. Sullivan & Hyatt ... 140 ... 118 Ifift WIGS AND TOUPEES. Cristadora WINES AND LIQUORS. Geo. Mendnm 96 Linn & Decker . . . . 28 MISCELLANEOUS. S. T. Bailey. Knjbleniatic Signs. . . 8. M<'Wiy s Axles and lSprinj;s W. H. I'age dc Cos Wood Jype. . . B. (L Wells, Architect William No>es, Damper Governor Wone.'^ier \\ iie \\ oi ks .... . ... 60 ... 66 . . . . 66 . . 67 .... 164 5l« Sealey A Lee. Stereoscopes 55 New Haven Whiel Mainiiac tory 158 G. W. Sholl & Co., Patent Burial Cate. 135 P. Evans, Jr.. Seal Pie>ses 138 Empire Sclmol Furniture 49 Hills ,V Benton, Sieain Heaters 177 T. F. Gowraud. C-'smetics, &c 227 George A. Moss, Inks and Soaps 8 S. Wilde & Sons, Cotlee . Fly-leaf H. (Jalbraith. Carriage Trimmings ... 2 Hi '• "^^ OVKR. CHEAPEST STORE IN NEVr YORS CIT7. 27 Cortlandt Street, 2d and 3d Floors, SSW ¥@SS. o (S t I H I I m s 8 I sell best Steel HOOP SKIRTS $2.75 per dozen. I sell PINS for 34 cents per pack. Others sell them for U cents, I sell Willimantic & Clark's SPOOL THREAD for 36 tents per dozen. Othei-s sell it for 4U and 4o cents. I sell J. & P. Coats' SPOOL THREAD for 42 cents per dozeu. utUers sell it for 47 cents. I sell RUBBER COMBS, long or circular, for $1.00 per dozen. Others sell them for $1.50. I sell good Italian SEWING SILK for $3.75 per lb. Others sell it for $5.00. I sell Swan-bill HOOKS AND EYES for 62 cents per great gross. oilieis sell them for 81 cents. I sell LADIES' LEATHER BELTS for 23 cents per dozen. uther^j ^ell them for 50 cents. Please Call, Buy, end Save 20 per cent. 9 (ft u J Gold and Silver Watches. Rings, Bracelets, Breast Pins. Gold Pens and Pencils, Thimbles. Silver-Plated Knives, Forks aud Spoons, 500 kinds of Perfumery uud Soaps, Paini auil Varnish Bru>he8, Whittw.ish, Clothes, Tooih and Hair Biushes, Foolscap aud Note Paper, huvelopes. Ink and Steel Pens, British Lu.^ti'e, Glue, blu- ing, Sieel, brass and lieed Hoops, Woolen Yarn, Zephyr Worsted, Kniiling Cotton, Carpel Bags, Porte Monnaies, Pocket Books, Razor birops aud Razors, Spectacles and Cases; a great variety of Pocket and Table Cutlery, Scissors and Shears. TAILORS' GOODS. Cloths, Cassimeres, Vestings, Paddings, Canvas, Silecia, Coat Lining and Bind- ing, Silk, Twi&t. Thread, Baitous, Batis, Shirts, Bosoms, and Cotton Drawers, Wrap- pers, Stocks aud Cravats. MILLINERY AND SILK GOODS. Bonnets aud Frames, Ribbons, Flowers, Ruches, Feathers, Silks, Shawls, Para- sols and Umbrellas. Linens, Linen Handkerchiefs, Table Cloths, Diapers and Napkins. Carpets, Oil Cloth and Druggets. Lace Goods and Embroideries. pi a Q o o p* I Q P a Great variety of Cotton and Woolen Hosiery. E. WOODWARD, ii..e««orfA.woodw.r4.i 27 Cortlandt St., W. Y. xiv GEOKaB G. EVANS. K"^^ ,ii5»-« j.L.^ )^s A yiim'i^m Ji^^m ^t^^-mm q. m ORIGINATOR OF THE GIFT BOOK EM'ERPRISE. Important to Br)ok buyers ! Owin^ to the extensive patronage bestowed upon the original Gift Book Enterprise, INSTITUTED IN 1854, BY GEORGE G. EVANS, And now permanently located in the large Iron Building, No. 439 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, And from the increased facilities of the establishment, he is now prepared to distrilmte more valua- ble gift" llinn herelofore to all who patronize his liberal method of disposing of New and Standard Works, and to award a larger per cenlage to agents than any olher establishment in the country. IF YOU ARE IN WANT OF BOOKS OF ANY KIND, Send to the Head-Quarters of 6. 6. Evans, Thif oldest uud largest Gift Book Enterprise in the World, IVo. 439 Chestnut Streel, Philadelphia. YOU CAN GET GOOD BOOKS, YOU CAX GET CHOICE BOOKS, YOU CAN GET ALL THE NEW BOOKS, YOU CAN GET ANY BOOKS YOU WANT. LN EVERY DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE. All Bookfl are sold at the Publishers' lowest prices, and you have the advantage of receiving A handsome Presenr, north from 50 ds. to $100, with each Book* GEORGE G. EVANS, the originator of Ihe Gift Book Enterprise, keeps constantly on hand Ihe most exteD!«ive stock, the jjreatest assort meit of Books, and circulates free, to all who may apply, the most complete E:3>J- HOIjIDESnS, discs., cS30. These Superior Pens are recommended and now in use by nearly all the Express Go's, "Banks," Insurance Go's, Merchants, &c., in the United States. Office and Maoufaclory, 163 BIIOADWiiy,ll,y, FRANCIS S. LOW, SOLICITOR FOR AHEBIGAN & FOREIGN PATENTS AND ATT(3)MII 11 FATIIT ^AEM. Interference Cases before the Patent Office, and Infringe- ment Cases before the United States Courts, particularly attended to. 307 BROADWAY, Cor. Duane Street, H^^ MW!^ WILES DOUGLASS iiiiEii, iiWiii iiifii, &fi FREM'S MGERS, BITS, HOLLOW t Square Co's Square, ^l, i"t., ^t THOMAS DOUGLASS, Agent. Warehouse, 68 Beekman St., N. Y", MIRKS' PATBiM AND IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL LIMBS. Long and well known as the best and cheapest. Received an addition- al approval from the American In- Istitute, 1859, as is to be seen by the followingex- tract from the report of (lie Judges. " For the simplicity of its constrnction, the ease with which it may be taken apart for cleaning and repairs, and withal, its far less price, makes it worthy of especial notice from the Institute." ^ ^ D. M. Reese, M.D., ) N.B. A large SILVER MEDAL was awarded. lewis aX'^tre m^d j-^"^^''' still continues to replace AS FAR AS MAN CAN the loss of Leg or Arm, with in- creased improvements, and at reduced prices. " At the old place," 307 Broadway, N.T,, "Near City Hospital," A. A. MiRKS. t EXPRESS HISTORY. 7 engravings, many of which are still extant, in this country as well as abroad, both coach and horses are always represented as fine-looking and creditable to the institution. Probably the Americans, as a peo- ple, have never felt half that love and admiration for horse flesh which have been characteristic of the men and women of old England, but it is due to the proprietors of stage lines in the United States, and more especially in New England, during twenty years or more, prior to the origin of railroads, to record that the change which followed that era in the transportation of passengers, was in no degree owing to any inferiority of their teams to the Eng- lish. Their animals were the best that could be pro- cured for the purpose, and their coaches (we speak from personal knowledge of those then used in Massachusetts) handsome and costly. That they were numerous may be inferred from the fact that, in 1829, there were 77 lines starting from Boston. In 183 '2 the number had increased to 106, and they were all driving a flourishing business at that time, and continued to do several years longer ; for though the railway system was projected in Massachusetts in 1830, it was not in operation until 1834. For list of stage lines we refer the curious to the Mas- sachusetts Register of that period; also Badger & Porter's* Stage Register, 1830-5. An important person was the stage-driver in those days, when locomotives were a class of mon- * They were publishers of the Boston Traveller Porter was a brother to the Editor of the Spirit of the Times. g EXPRESS HISTORY. sters as yet unknown, and the free earth had not felt the iron shackles of the railway. Commonly a portly, florid-faced man, with an air of authority that was most impressive, as he sat upon his box grasping the reins of his four or six-in-hand, he was looked up to by all sorts of people. As a celebrity, he certainly ranked as high as the Squire, or even as the minister ; and this is saying not a little, for hardly a quarter of a century has passed since cler- gymen were reverenced full as much as the magis- trates. That was before locomotives had been dreamed of; and post-roads and turnpikes were thought, by the great body of the people, to be fast enough. Had it been said to that corpulent com- modore-like man, with the whip, reins and fate of fifteen passengers in his hands, that two parallel iron rails and a tea-kettle on wheels would, at some future day, dethrone him from his imperial position, and render staging not only unfashionable, but almost obsolete, he would have stared in astonishment, or smiled in pity, upon the speaker, as either a fool or a madman. The stage-coach he regarded as indis- pensable as we now think the railroad and express. In addition to the conveyance of passengers, the driver had a multitude of other duties to perform upon his route. There were messages to deliver, notes and bills to pay or collect, and nice articles to purchase, beside the business (more important than all the rest) of delivering to banks and brokers packages of money for redemption, deposit, or ex- change. Some of the old stage-drivers, on this G. W. & G. W. LOWERRE, No. 138 CENTRE STREET, Nearly opposite Nciv Hnvcii & Ilarlctu Freight 1>cpot, j|^B«tween White and Walker Sta., IKTo^VCT" TKToxrlE^ Builders Furnished with Newels, Balusters and Plank, MAHOCAKV IOCS, BOARDS, PIANKS ^ VENEERS. Rose, Satia, Zebra and otber Fancy Woods. Black Walnut and Cherry. Geo. W. Lowerre. G. Williams Lowerrb Established, 1850. 0£;ORO£ A. JflOSS, MANUFACTURER OF BLACKING, mi LIQUID BLUING, WASHING FLUID AND 194 nU^J\*JE STREET, Parker XVIills Building* Between Greenwich and Washington Sts., , 'JSTJEm'Sy^T' TT'OHLIBZ Dealer in Saleratus, Cream Tartar, Soap Powders, Sal Soda, Matches, &c. GOEDECKER, KLEIN & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF GILDED AND IMITATION ill ALSO ©raameatedi Qvals, Frames aad M@taiMmgs OF GILD, ROSEWOOD, OAK, WALNUT, &o., No. 63 NE\¥ BOWERY, Near Chatham Square, NEW YORK. All order§ promptly attended to. 8 THOS. H. BATE tt CO., No. 7 Warren St., N. Y. .'Ss^a^ MANUPACTUEEKS AND IMPORTERS OP Fishing Rods, Reels, 0UK% Cinen an^ Cotton £ine0, CHINESE GRASS HS, BiMBOOS iND REEB POLES, and everything connected with the above branches. PATENTEES OP THE CELEBRATED The best Trolling Bait ever invented. Catalogues fhrnished on application. 9 EXPRESS HISTORY. \) account, aver roundly that they were themselves the original expressmen ; but, however similar their ser- vice, it was never known by the name of express business, and was no more entitled to be called so than were the labors of the baggage-wagoners. The profits of the errand business was, we be- lieve, the drivers' perquisites. Many of these per- sons were possessed of some property, and were what is called "well-to-do in the world." They were, in numerous instances, either sole or part owners of their vehicles. They had no system in their errand and parcel business : it was all in their heads, and their hats. A stage-driver's hat — even in those days when the monstrous "bell crown" was the fashion — was usually filled with letters and parcels. Some of them aver that they became pre- maturely bald in consequence. We confess to an amiable curiosity to know what has become of all the good fellows who used to be connected, either as proprietors, drivers, or agents, with these lines, but we cannot hope to have it in our power to refer personally to more than a very few of them. Yet it is our purpose to make mention of many of those, who, before they were crowded out by the railroads, were the most useful and highly valued servants of the public, on the routes now used by the express companies through- out the country. Perhaps we shall be permitted to jot down in this place a few memoranda which we have gleaned from the old files of the Boston Directory, through 10 EXPRESS HISTORY. the politeness of its enterprising and indefatigable proprietor, Mr. George Adams, and from some of the earlier volumes of the Daily Evening Transcript — the latter invaluable journal dating back as far as the summer of 1830, when it was established by Lynde M. Walter, and Dutton & Wentworth. In 1829, just ten years prior to Harnden's enter- prise, " the Albany coach, via Troy and Greenfield, and Boston Union Centre Line," used to leave Bos- ton on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, and arrive in Albany on the third day to dine. Distance 160 miles ; fare $6 0. The "Mail Line" to Albany, via Northampton, left on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and arrived in Albany next day at 7 p. m. Distance 169 miles; fare to Northampton, $4 50 ; to Albany, $8 75. The extra fare by the Mail, is to be ascribed of course to the superior speed of that line. An " Accommodation Line,'' arriving in Albany on the third day, charged a fare of $7 00. Another, foreshadowing the Express perhaps, used to beat the mail by an hour : fare $8 75. There were two or three other lines from Boston to Albany. The stage fare to Worcester in those days was two dollars. It was currently believed, that if there should ever be a railroad on that route, the fare would not exceed fifty cents. "The Boston and New York Mail Coach" left daily at 1 p. m. ; arrived at Hartford next morning at 6, in New Haven at 2 p.m., and in New York at 6 ?. M., second day. Patented Apiil Gth, 1859. vnnuojjT sucTzozr, ixtxthovt r ACKiira. Fig. 1 — Is a perspective view. The Pump is im- mersed ia water, and the handle being given a recip- rocating motion, the T« piece E, receives a similar one through the lods, F. This gives the piston a horizontal back and forth motion, at each of which it takes in a quantitj^ of wa- ter and forces it into tho air-chamber, and thence through the pipe upwards to anj height. To this pipe a hose is here attached to show how it throws water, Ac, &c. This is a Doublk-Act- iMO Force Pump, with but one bore and one piston, worked by a tee piece, hav- ing as much leverage and less friction in its work- ing than any other pump heretofore invented. War- ranted to give satisfac- tion, or the money will be returned ; will not rust, will not freeze; throws wa- ter 40 feet by hose; forces to great heights and dis- tances by hand; simple, cheap, durable; prices from $15 to $G0; works by power also ; raises from 6 to 60 galls, per minute. "The labor ot working it ia very trifling."— iV. Y. Ch. Adv. i£ Jour. »'It brings a continuous stream with littlo or no labor." — .So. Planter, Va. " It took the premium at our State Fair." — Jialeigh Register, N. C. "We never saw one comparable to it." — St. Louis Ch. AdixKale. "We consider it the best we have eTeraeen.' " •, , rything wehave exa">ined "— 6' 5. yoj/r. "The most useful iuvenlion of the day.'—N. 1'. Express. "A boy of 10 years can work jt at 60 tt."—N.r. Independent. "One man forced water 540 ft. and 97 perpendicular."— ^cieW^iAc American. " We have seen one; a roan can work it at 100 feet."— Z>ay Book, N. V. "Those who have used it speak highly of it."— N.y. Observer. "Wo give it our unqualified approbation."— iSpani.»?i Paper, N. Y. "It possess- es many advantages over the ordinary pumps."— i\r. Y. Chron. "It is extensively employed, and is found to be an excellent apparatus for rai.^ing water. "—Prac. Mach., N. Y. " From an examination of the model we should say, that with the aid of such a pump any one could force water anywhere, or to any height." — Am. Agriculturist, N. Y- "This pump will meeta demand never yet supplied." — Merchants Planier, N. Y. "We advise all personn in want of a pump that will raise water 150 feet or less, to buy this."— i/mer's Rural Am., N. Y. "For wells, railroad stations, &c., this pump will be almost indis- pensable and invaluable." — Mer. <£ Manu. Jour., N. Y. "Having seen one of your pumps in operation, we consider it the best we have ever seen for general use." — Galveston News, Texas. Nkw York, April 18, 1860. I hereby certify that a No. 2 "American Pump," which Mr. F.dney put up on my premises, at King's Bridge, forced water upon the first trial, through a three-quarter inch pipe, to a perpendicular eleva- tion of 210 feet, and a distance of 850 feet horizontal, discharging five gallons per minute, with the labor of two men at the handles, working with ease and regularity. WM. 0. GILES, 100 Chambers St. Complete Drawings, Prices, he, Ac, sent free. JAIflES m. BDHKY, 147 Chambers St., J¥. Y. Dealer in Fianos, IMCelodeons, Safes, 6lc, Frices sent free. 49- LIBERAL DISCOUNT TO liXPRESS AGENTS. "«* 10 JOHN G. A. VAGT, 57 John Street, New York, IMPORTER OF FinClillTM.llil&T(IIll!TWm mm AND AlE GLASSES, FINGER BOWLS, BAS TUHBIIBS, CUT AND PLAIN BEEB MUGS, COBDIAL GLASSES, &C. BOHEMI^IST CUT OL^SS, ©able ttJarc an& lancg Colonli ®lo00 ttlare. An" assortment of PIRUN MARBLE AND PAINTED BISQUIT STATDETTES, FRENCH CHINA VASES, Carb ^askds, Canblestitk, Pugs, Spitttrans, JEWEL BOXES, MATCH BOXES, TOILET POWDER BOXES, iCOLOGNE BOTTLES, &c. fffilSl ©M§i ilAMg, With or without Rosewood Stands. Black Walnut and Rosewood Liquor Cases, Glass Shades with Artificial Flowers and Wax Figures; Molasses Jugs with metal covers; a large assortment of Germ«» Fancy China for Etageres, &c. ; Glass Drops, Napkin Rings, and also a very large assortment of 'JEi :ei. Ts/L js^ isr TOTe^s. 11 EXPRESS HISTORY. 11 The fare from Boston to Concord, New Hamp- shire, was $3 00 ; to Portland, Maine, it was $8 UO. "The Boston and Providence Citizens' Stages," used to leave the Marlboro Hotel at 5 a. m. daily, ''to meet the Providence boats; " fare $2 50. In 1830, (the year in which the Boston and Low- ell Railroad was chartered,) there was a line of Boston, Lowell, and Nashua stages, which left the Marlboro Hotel daily, at 7 a. m., for Amherst, New Hampshire; Windsor, Royalton, and Burlington, Vermont ; Montreal and Quebec. Four years after- wards, we find E. W. Lawrence advertising, at Low- ell, the '' North Star Line of Stages," from Boston, to Keene, New Hampshire The ^''Package Express''* of modern times was unknown until Harnden started it, but special ex- presses for the transmission of important private or public intelligence have been in use, occasionally, for hundreds of years past. These expresses were usually conveyed upon fleet horses, with frequent re- lays at intervals upon the route. Life and death of- ten depended upon their speed, and not a few illus- trious political offenders have had to thank the riders for their timely relief from the edge of the axe, or the pressure of the rope. Even whole cities, when about to yield to besieging armies, have been saved by these expresses. A case of this sort was that al- luded to by Browning, in his fine poem of '' How they brought the good news from Ghent to Aix^ As it presents a graphic picture of the Express Rider, and reminds us of some similar equestrianism 12 EXPRESS HISTORY. by Express messengers in California, it will not be inappropriate to insert it here. I sprang to the stirrup, and Joris, and he ; I galloped, Dirck galloped, we galloped all three ; " Good speed !" cried the watch, as the gate bolts undrew ; " Speed !" echoed the wall to us galloping through; Behind shut the postern, the lights sank to rest, And into the midnight we galloped abreast. n. Not a word to each other ; we kept the great pace, Neck by neck, stride by stride, never changing our place ; I turned in my saddle and made the girths tight. Then shortened each stirrup, and set the pique right, Rebuckled the cheek-strap, chained slacker the bit, Nor galloped less steadily Roland a whit. III. 'Twas moonset at starting ; but while we drew near Lokeren, the cocks crew and twilight dawned clear ; At Boom, a great yellow star came out to see ; At Duffeld 'twas morning as plain as could be ; And from Mecheln church-steeple we heard the half-chime, So Joris broke silence with, " Yet there is time !" IV. At Aerschot, up leaped of a sudden the sun, And against him the cattle stood black every one, To stare thro' the mist at us galloping past. And I saw my stout galloper Roland at last, With resolute shoulders, each butting away The haze, as some bluff river headland its spray. And his low head and crest, just one sharp ear bent back For my voice, and the other pricked out on his track j And one eye's black intelligence, — ever that glance O'er its white edge at me, his own master askance ! And the thick, heavy spume-flakes which aye and anon His fierce lips shook upwards in galloping on. A. BRIDGES $( CO.," manufacturers and Dealers in AND MACHINERY OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, 64 COURTL,^J%*DT STREET^ NEW YORK. RAIL ROAD AXLES, SPIKES, NUTS, CAR, SHIP AND WHEELS, CHAIRS, BOLTS, WASHERS, BRIDGE BOLTS, Iron Forcings, of various kinds, &c. STEEL AND RUBBER SPRINGS, PORTABLE FORGES AND JACK SCREWS, LOCOMOTIVE AND HAND LANTERNS, COTTON DUCK FOR CAR COVERS, BRASS AND SILVERED TRIMMINGS. Sole •Igenla for the Jftanufacturers oT We also give particular attention to the purchase of Lumber and all other articles required by RAIL ROAD COMPANIES, CAR BUILD- ERS, and others who may favor us with their orders. AL.BERT BRIDGES. JOEL €. I^AHE. 13 ENRY A. BROWN & CO., 181 Broadway, N. J[. HISTORY OF GOLD PENS. Some sixty years since a Chemist in England discovered the metal now called Irridium, and applied it to the points of a few pens, for his own use. From that time no notice was taken of the discovery for thirty years, when Mr. J. Hawkins, an American by birth, resident of London, and civil engineer, hearing of this metal, obtained it, and applying the same to gold, as a body for the pen, succeeded in making a small number; but being without elasticity, broad-pointed, and not capable of writing fine, they were abandon- ed. American skill and ingenuity were then brought into re- quisition to make (what English Bumbcomb failed to do) a good gold pen. In the year 1837, a gentleman from America hearing of the gold pen, procured of Mr. Hawkins some Irridium, and brought it to the United States. Failing to get them made in New York, he, on his way West, became acquainted, in Detroit, with Mr. Levi Brown, watchmaker, a good workman, and a man of known integ- rity, whom he induced to go to New York, and commence the manufacture of gold pens. Three years^ hard uphill work, and the public were convinced that Levi Brown's gold pens were all in all — -v^hat they claimed to be. In 1840, Henry A. Brown commenc- ed his employment with Mr. Levi Brown, and remained as superin- tendent of his establishment until 185L During this time, by many experiments, and a heavy outlay of money, they succeeded in pro- ducing a perfect gold pen. In 1854, Mr. H. A. Brown bought the stock in trade, tools, and good-will of the business of Mr. Levi Brown, and continues to make the same pens, employing the same workmen that had been engaged in the factory for 17 years. Al- though Mr. Brown has sold his trade mark to another party, who stamps his pens " Levi Brown," yet Mr. H. A. Brown contends, and the public can judge, that he is the only manufacturer of the genuine Levi Brown's gold pen. 13 EXPRESS HISTORY. 13 VI. By Hasselt Dirck groaned; and cried Joris, " Stay spur ! Your Roos galloped bravely, the fault's not in her, We'll remember at Aix" — for one heard the quick wheeze Of her chest, saw the stretched neck and staggering knees, And sunk tail, and horrible heave of the flank, As down on her haunches she shuddered and sank. VII. So we were left galloping, Joris and I, Past Looz and past Tongres, no cloud in the sky ; The broad sun above laughed a pitiless laugh ; 'Neath our feet broke the brittle, bright stubble like chaff; Till over by Dalhem a dome-spire sprang white. And " Gallop," gasped Joris, " for Aix is in sight I" vm. " How they'll greet us !" — and all in a moment his roan Rolled neck and croup over, lay dead as a stone. And there was my Roland to bear the whole weight Of the news which could save Aix from her fate. With his nostrils like pits full of blood to the brim, And with circles of red for his eye-sockets' rim. IX. Then I cast loose my buff-coat, each holster let fall, Shook off both my jack boots, let go belt and all. Stood up in the stirrup, leaned, patted his ear, Called my Roland his pet name, my horse without peer ; Clapped my hands, laughed and sang, any noise, bad or good, Till at length into Aix Roland galloped and stood. And all I remember is, friends flocking round As I sat with his head twixt my knees on the ground. And no voice but was praising this Roland of mine. As I poured down his throat our last measure of wine, Which (the burgesses voted, by common consent,) Was no more than his due who brought good news from Ghent. 14 EXPRESS HISTORY. Special Expresses^ for the conveyance of impor- tant public news were sometimes employed by the enterprising New York Press. In the Boston Daily Eve. Transcript of Dec. 11, 1830, we find the follow- ing paragraph, by Lynde M. Walter, the editor. " President's Message. — Some little idea of the opposition that exists amongst New York Editors may be formed when we mention that so great was the anxiety to get the start of each other, and have the credit of being out first, that three Expresses were em- ployed by the printers of that city. The Courier and Enquirer engaged one to bring on President Jackson's Message to them only ^ the Journal of Commerce received it by special express ; and other papers had a third in common to them all. The Courier and Enquirer^ speaking of it says, " It was delivered yesterday at 12 o'clock, and conveyed from thence to Baltimore by Express. From Baltimore to Philadelphia by steamboat; and from Philadel- phia to this city by our Express in six hours and twelve minutes, notwithstanding the bad situation of the roads. We would have been able to lay it be- fore our readers at an earlier hour had not our Ex- press between Baltimore and Washington lost all his copies. As it is we have incurred an expense of nearly three hundred dollars." It is, perhaps, needless to say, that railroads not being in use at that time these news expresses were conveyed upon fast horses; the relays being fre- quent. The example of the New York Editors was afterwards imitated in Boston, by Richard Haugh- ton of the Atlas^ and others. We now come to a consideration of the origin of PHELPS & KINGMAN, TVhoIesale Dealers and Manufacturers of ROSE WOOD, BLACK WALNUT AND MAHOGANY furniture;, UphoUtrrfd in Hair, Clotli, Brocatelle. Plusb, Delaine, Lasting, &c., &c., Nos. 118 & 120 Chatham Street, New York, Offer for sale, at great reductioQ from former prices, a large assortment, consisting in part of Tete-a-Tetes, Rocking Chairs, Sofas, Office Chairs, Sofa Bedsteads. :Elageras, Mahogany Chairs, jBureaus, Black Walnut Chairs.'Sideboarda, Rose Wood do. I Wardrobes, Easy do. | French Bedsteads, High Post Bedsteads, Common do. Feather Beds, Mattrasses, Card Tables, Extension Tables, Centre Tables, Marble Top Tables, Work Tables, Washstands, Marble Top Wash- stands, Book Cases, Desks, MAPLE, BLACK WALNUT, CANE, RUSH SEAT, and FANCY CHAIRS. Sole Wiiolesale Agents for HOWE'S PREMIUM ELLIPTIC SPRING BED BOTTOMS, Patented July 17th, 1855, and improved in 1859. Over 20,000 have been sold within the past year to the most prominent Md reliable citizens in the Union. These Bed Bottoms will sustain 2.000 pounds weight without injury, and warranted to last a life- time. Can be applied to any description of Bedsteads in ten minutes, and are sold at retail at the very low price of from $3.75 to $6.00 per set. Exclusive Manufacturers of NEEDHAM'S PATENT SOFA BEDS. Hotels, Steamboats, ami Private Fatuilies furnished with all varieties of Furniture, Beds, and Mat- traxBcn, on the most reasonable terms, and at short notice. N. B. Dealers and those enjfaged in Southern, Western, and India Trade, supplied with Cabinet Fur- niture, and all varieties of Cane and Wood .Seat Chairs and Kocking Chairs, (packed in boxes or other- wife,) in any quantitj, at the lowest market price. u DAVID D. DENISON, SUCCESSOR TO JNO. M. PHYFE & CO., 9 1 i muM 9, BILLIARD BALLS, BAGATELLE « PYRAMID POOL BALLS, PIN POOL ROULETTE " RONDO " BILLIARD BLOCKS, BILLIARD CUES, plain and fancy, FRENCH CUE LEATHER, BILLIARD CHALK, " . CUE WAX, " MACES & BRIDGES, " CLOTHS. IVORY FARO CHECKS IN GREAT VARIETY Constantly on band and made to order. m^^M wmmw (^^mm ^(§s@@» CUE KEEPERS, DEALING BOXES, OLOTH LAY OUTS, &c. DOMXNOES, CHESS MEN & IVORT GOODS, IN EVERY VARIETY. PIANO FORTE IVORY and EBONY SHARPS constantlf on hand. All orders promptly executed, received and collected through Express. Office 269 CANAL STREET, NEW YORK. NEAR BROADWAY, 15 EXPRESS HISTORY. 15 an institution, but for which such an establishment as a package Express Office might never have been known. We allude, of course, to the Railway. In Judge Redfield's very valuable " Practical Treatise upon the Law of Railroads^'''' he states the following facts by way of introduction : " Although some of the Roman roads, like the Appian Way, were a somewhat near approach to the modern rail- way, being formed into a continuous plane surface, by means of blocks of stone closely fitted together, yet they were, in the principle of construction and operation, essentially different from railways. The idea of a distinct track for the wheels of carriages, does not seem to have been reduced to practice un- til late in the seventeenth century. In 1676 some account is given of the transportation of coals near Newcastle upon the river Tyne, upon a very imper- fect railway, by means of rude carriages, whose wheels run upon some kind of rails of timber. About 100 years afterwards, an iron railway is said to have been constructed, and put into operation at the colliery near Sheffield. From this time they were put into very extensive use for conveying coal, stone, and other like substances, short distances, in order to reach navigable waters, and sometimes near the cities where large quantities of stone were need- ed for building purposes. "These railways, built chiefly by the owners of coal mines and stone quarries, either upon their own land, or by special license, called way-leave, upon ^■•^o loi-./l of otViora \\9^f\ \\f^nr\-n\c^ nnnnprnns Inner hpforp 16 EXPRESS HISTORY. the application of steam power to railway transpor- tation, f'-^'^^^ ^^ ^^-3 f' ** Some few questions in regard to these railways, or tram-ways^ at common law, have arisen in the English courts. "All railways, or similar corporations, in this coun- try, exist, or are presumed to have originally exist- ed, by means of an express grant from the legislative power of the State, or sovereignty. " The first use of locomotive engines upon railways for general transportation, does not date further back than October, 1829 ; and all the railways in this country, with one or two exceptions, have been built since that date.'* " The celebrated trial of locomotive engines, up^ on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway," (says Judge Redfield, in a concluding note,) for the pur- pose of determining the relative advantage of sta- tionary and locomotive power upon such roads, and which resulted in favor of the latter, was had in Oc- tober, 1829." Another authority, viz. two large volumes de- voted to the Railroad laws of New England, gives us the data of all the railway enterprises of Massachu- setts, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. The earliest use of the railway principle, in Amer- ica, was by the " Quincy Granite Railway Company," (Thos. H. Perkins, Wm. Sullivan, Amos Lawrence, David Moody, Solomon Willard, Gridley Bryant, *' and their associates,") who were chartered by the xsjsi:".A.33XjiXjS3a:£:x> 4X ir^JjAJFLtsi. LOOKiNG O B. W. MERRIAM, 84 Chatham St., Manufactures aud offers fur Sale the following assortment of Looking Glasses, &e« : 1,000 LARGE, RICHLY ORNAMENTED AND PLAIN. 210,000 O. G. BAND POLISHED MAHOGANY, aU sizes, 230,000 BEVELS, of various sizes. 6,000 PLAIN GILT GLASSES, of aU sizes. §1^11 ^i^ fill Wlif 11^^ Picture Glass and Looking Glass Plates, OF EVERY SIZE, FRENCH AND GERMAN, .» ff GILT & OTHER MOULDINGS OF DIFFERENT IVIDTHS, PAINTINGS AND FRAMES OF ALL KINDS. The above Goods are all mostly imported or mannfactured for cash, and will be sold at prices greatly advantageous to city or country close buyers. 16 pece: bsothehs, AND DEALERS IN SKIRT MATERIALS, I Eh o & S td Si £3 61 Chambers Street, Near Broadway, New York, SSTABIiXSBED ZW 1854. Our stock embraces the greatest variety, and largest assortment in the City. 17 EXPRESS HISTORY. 17 legislature of Massachusetts, March 4, 1826. Their capital was $100,000, and their privilege was " the conveyance of stone and other property." By an act passed April, 1846, they were authorized to trans- port passengers between Boston and Quincy, but they did not avail themselves of this liberty. In June, 1828, the legislature of Rhode Island authorized Massachusetts, or any company within that State, to extend to the city of Providence, any railroad which, during the next six years, it might build to the contiguous boundary. In 1829, Massachusetts incorporated *' the Wor- cester Railroad,''^ (S. B. Thomas, Wra. E. Green, A. J. Allen, and others, capital $50,000,) but the terms not being complied with in the stipulated time, the charter was annulled. In the same State, the same year, Francis J. Oli- ver, Wm. Goddard, Nath'l Hammond, "and their associates," were incorporated as the Franhlin Rail- road Company ; but the road was never built. In 1830, H. G. Otis, Jos. Cooledge, Israel Thorn- dike, Wm. Prescott, F. J. Oliver, and Phineas Upham, were incorporated as the '''' Massachusetts Railroad Corporation^'''' to construct a railroad from Boston to Albany or Troy. Its capital was not to exceed three and a half millions, and its charter was to be avoided if 5,000 shares of the stock were not taken and one-third of the road located prior to 1831. We believe that the contemplated enterprise was never begun. The ^^ Boston^ Providence^ and Taunton Railroad 2 IS EXPRESSHISTORY. Company'' (F. Tudor, R. D. Tucker, John S. Boies, T. B. Wales, L. Foster, and Wm. Foster,) were in- corporated March 12th, 1830. The charter was to be avoided if the stock should not have been sub- scribed for by January 1st, 1831, or the road com- pleted as early as 1835. This, we believe, failed to go into effect. The ^''Boston and Lowell Railroad Company^' was chartered in the winter of 1830 : original capi- tal $500,000. I'he founders were John F. Loring, Lemuel Pope, Isaac P. Davis, Kirk Boott, Patrick T. Jackson, G. W. Lyman, and D. P. Parker. In 1831, Massachusetts incorporated the West Stockbridge Railroad Company, which charter was merged, in 1840, in that of the " Hudson and Berk- shire Railroad Company." In June, 1831, the " Boston and Providence Rail- road Co." was chartered by the Legislatures of Massa- chusetts and Rhode Island. John Bryant, Jos. W. Revere, Geo. Halle tt, and B. R. Nichols were the petitioners in Massachusetts, and Sam. Whittemore, John F. Gray, R. P. Bell, and Jos. Goddard in Rhode Island. June, 1831, Massachusetts incorporated the Bos- ton and Taunton Railroad Company ; (Cyrus Alger, Israel Thorndike, T. H. Perkins, David Sears, Sol. Willard, Nathan Hale, Wm. Prescott, Sam. A. Elliot, J. K. Mills, A. Atkinson, Wm. Rollins, Sam. Crock- er, Charles Richmond, and Edmund D wight.) Cap- ital $1,000,000. The time given for the comple- t^oTi was extended from 1836 to 18.^7. FPAL®. This elegant and commodious House is now leased to LOUIS LECOMTE, whose ability as a Cook and Caterer has been well proved. It is situate in the beat and most convenient part of the City of Buffalo, and visitors will find therein every comfort and accommodation. 1860 1860. Cor. Carroll and Washington i^ls., Buffalo, I^. Z. BONNfJY, Proprietor, late of the United States Hotel. 18 Y. T. N. HICKCOX, Proprietor. Eatablislied 1853. HICK COX'S STENCIL MARKING PLATE AND 380 PEARL STREET, between Bcelman and FuJfonSts., IKTo"^^^ 'TtT^JC'^K-m FLOUR BRANDS, from 6 to 8 cents per letter; every description of Mark- ing Plates cut in Silver. Brass, Copper. German Silver, Prince's Metal, and Oxide, from g in. to any given size; Brass Alphabets and Figures in sets; liquid and dry Sten- cil Ink, all colors. Marking Caiis, a superior article, of our own manufacture. Btencil Brushes. Mauufacturer of Machinery Alphabets and Figures. The trade supplied, at retail. DIE SINKING. Steel Letters, Figures, Alphabets. Burning Brands, Envelope Stamps, Door Plates. Brass Checks for Hotels, Restaurants, and Rail Road Companies, &c. TO STENCIL NAME PLATE CANVASSERS. ' We manufacture superior Dies for cutting name plates for marking Clothing of every description. Indelible Ink, Brushes, Frames, Vials. Corks, Brush Ferules, German Silver, Brass Die-Sharpeners, &c., &c. A COMPLETE SET OP DIES put up in a nice Box; 2 sets of Letters; set of Border Tools, bamraer. shears, lignum vita3 block, die sharpener, 1 of bras.s, suffici- ent to make 400 Plate.s— Prices, with box, $25, $30. $35: without box, $20, $36, $30. These Dies are all made by hand, and are cheaper and far superior to any article offer- ed at less price, and one set will last as long as twenty sets of the machine-made Die. Any of the above articles sent by Express to any part of the United States or Cana- das. Three Diplomas and Gold Medal awarded by American Institute, for best Mark- ing Plates. References as to quality of our work: Swift, Hurlbut & Co., Wholesale Hat Manufacturers, 65 Broadway. R R. DouKEE & Co., Dealers in Bi-Carb. Soda, Saleratus, &c., «&c., 181 Pearl Street H. G. Reeve & Co., Dealers in Groceries, &c., 229 Front Street. 19 EXPRESS HISTORY. 19 In the same year, in June, Wm. Sturgis, Amos Birnej, Henry Williams, Geo. Bond, Jos. T. Buck- ingham, and others were incorporated as the Boston and Ontario Railroad Company ; the road to begin at Lowell, and extend to northwest or westerly line of the State. The present Boston and Worcester Railroad Company was projected as early as the summer of 1830. In the Boston Courier of January 12th, 1831, we find the following paragraph : Railroad Meeting. — rA meeting of the friends of a railroad was held at the old Common Council Room last evening. Elijah Morse officiated as Chairman, and Andrew J. Allen as Secretary. A committee consisting of Richard Fletcher, Henry Williams, Eliphalet Williams, Geo. Bond, and Amos Binney, were appointed to aid the Committee of the Common Council to procure an act empowering the city to subscribe a million of dollars for railroad stock, as prayed for by the meeting of citizens held last summer in Faneuil Hall^ This resulted successfully, and the Company was chartered June 23d, 1831. It was the first passen- ger railroad actually in operation in New England, and Wm. F. Harnden was conductor of the first train ever run. It was in the spring of 1834. The "Boston and Lowell" did not go into operation until a year subsequently, when it was finished. The opening of the " Boston and Worcester " was the occasion of much interest and enthusiasm in tho former city. 20 EXPRESS HISTORY. In the Boston Daily Advertiser^ of April 9th, 1834, there occurred the anaexed notice of the commencement of passenger travel upon it as far as Newton ; only about one quarter of the entire dis- tance (which is 44 miles) being then completed. ^''Boston and Worcester Railroad. — The Direc- tors yesterday invited about a hundred and fifty gen- tlemen to make an excursion on the road to Newton. They started at twenty minutes past 4 o'clock, in eight passenger cars. After proceeding a short dis- ance, their progress was interrupted by the breaking of a connecting rod, between two of the cars. This accident caused a considerable delay, in conse- quence of the want of the proper materials for re- pairing it, and unfortunately the same accident oc- curred three or four times during the excursion. In consequence of these delays, and a short stop at Newton, for the purpose of taking refreshment, the party did not arrive at the depot on their return until twenty minutes past 8 o'clock. The cars were all used on this occasion for the first time, after standing several months, and they were in conse- quence in bad order for use. * * * The mo- tion also was much slower than it would have been had the cars been in travelling condition. The load was evidently moved by the engine with less ease, than double the weight of earth on the work- ing cars heretofore used. * * * They will, in a few days, commence running regularly between Boston and Newton, two or three times a day. A second engine was successfully tried on the road yesterday morning." The passenger cars employed were scarcely larger than the smaller omnibuses now in use. D. 0. WILSON & CO., Ifflporters, Manufaetorers and Dealers in TiUlK lATiilAl \M^<^ 172 William Street. Betvreen Beekman and Spruce 8ta. ?: %. xs^'tis^N-.} syiw 'S'iaiEE* Trunk Manufacturers supplied with every description of Goods suitable for the manufacture of Trunks, at the Lowest Cash Prices. team MarHe SStflrks, Nos. 999 AND 1001 Broadway, 14 and 16 37th STREET, iiW YOIE. FMti Mdl Seilptirei Maiitte Fleets, MONUMENTS AND HEAD STONES, OF roREIQN AND DOHESTIC UARBLI, 80 H. F. WALLING'S MAP ESTABLISHMENT, 356, 358 AJVD 360 Pearl Street, Franklin Square, WIM'W '^©MIE- ^11 Imh of f oral ex General Paps ^rtpreJr to $xkL SURVETS conducted in a thoroughly scientific manner for State, County, or Town Maps. COMPILATIONS made from any existing sources. Accurate and elaborate on the most recent scientific and approved Projections, drawn by skillful Topo- graphical Draughtsmen. IMi^PS A.ND lDTtA.yVTNGS of a scientific nature engraved in the best style, on Copper, Steel, or Stone. Tho best qualities of Paper, in all varieties, furnished to order. Including Transferring to Stone, executed to order. COLORING, in every variety, neatly and tastefully done. Maps and Drawings bound in Covers, or backed with Cloth, mounted with Rollers, or on Frames, or Strainers, and Varnished, or other- wise prepared in any style required. Mr. Walling being a thoroughly Scientific Topographer of many years' experience, and having devoted several years to bringing together, into his own establishment, which is the largest of the kind in the country, all the Artists, machinery, and ap- pliances necessary to carry on the business in all its parts, under his own personal in- ■pection, confideutly guarantees complete satisfaction, both in regard to the supe- riority of the work produced and economy in its cost. ^S* Authorities of States or counties, where Surveys or Maps are contemplated, are referred to the prominent Statesmen and Scientific Men of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Vermont, where elaborate Maps, showing the location of every road, build- ing, &c., have recently been constructed under the direction of Mr. Walling. 21 EXPRESS HISTORY. 21 The conductor passed from one to another by hang- ing on to the outside. Nathan Hale, the editor of the Boston Daily Advertiser^ was, for several years. President of this Railroad. He had distinguished himself as the friend of the enterprise, upon its inception, and gave the Railroad movement, in all quarters, not only his own personal co-operation, as far as was in his power, but devoted a large space in his influen- tial journal to its advocacy and development. Eliphalet Williams, Amos Binney, and P. P. F. Degrand, (the latter, a Frenchman, who had passed the most of his life in Boston,) were also very ac- tive and efficient in the same cause. At this time, there was a Boston and Albany line of stages via Fitchburg — through in two days: Horace Brown, agent, in Boston. He was also agent of a line to Albany via Greenfield ; also of lines to Bolton, Lancaster, Leominster, Fitch- burg, Nashua, and Keene. Job Brooks was agent of the Norwich stage, and also of the Middle Road Line to New York, via Hartford and New Haven, and thence by steamboat ; also of the steamboat Peacock, the only boat on the line from Norwich and New London to New York : fare from Boston to New York, $8. Allen & Co. were agents (1834) of the steam- boat Chancellor Livingston, Captain Carter, to Port- land, from Boston, (fare $3 and found,) and on the route J. B. Smith was agent of the steam-packet MacDonough. 22 EXPRESS HISTORY. The *' Boston, Norwich, and New London R. R Company," was incorporated by Connecticut, in 1832. The same State chartered, in May, 1832, the N. Y. and Stonington R. E. Company. The " New York, Providence, and Boston Rail- road," chartered by Rhode Island, in June, 1832, was united, by act of Legislature, with the "New York and Stonington Railroad" in 1833. [In 1832, Massachusetts chartered what was in- tended to be the "■ Hoosac Rail or McAdamized Road Company," and the same year, the " New York and Berkshire Railroad."] In 1833, the same Legislature incorporated Na- than Hale, David Henshaw, Geo. Bond, Henry Williams, Daniel Denny, Joshua Clapp, Eliphalet Williams and others, as the " Western Railroad Com- pany," to build and use a Railroad beginning at the terminus of the Boston and Worcester Railroad in Worcester, and running thence to the Connecticut River, thence to Springfield, Massachusetts, and to Albany, New York. This was an enterprise of im- mense magnitude for a few individuals to undertake, and it received, therefore, assistance from the State Treasury. Fortunately for Massachusetts and Con- necticut, it was seasonably completed, and has been the means of uniting the Eastern States in an indis- soluble social and business union, productive of great good to both sections, but especially to the city of Boston, where the enterprise originated. In 1833, Massachusetts chartered the " Andover A, HAMPTON, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN , EVERY VARIETY OF PLAIN, ENADIELLED, CipiiHAN SILVER, PARLOR & CHAMBER illfl 1 No. 60 GOLD STREET, Between Fulton and Beekman Sts., S5ISW "iTSSISo Having added a nnm- ber of new and very ele- gant patterns of to my already large as- eortmcnt, and being con- stantly manufacturing all styles «f GERMAH SILVEB Soil Coal Grales Purchasers are invited to call and examine my assortment before mak- ing their selections else- where. 22 JOHN P. GRUBER, 170 [in the rear] AJVD 184 ChATHAM SqUARE, AND No. 2 Mott Street, New York, MANUFACTIJRER OF ALL. KINDS OF tab, ®eig|te, l^rasttm, CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING : Assaying, Bank, -Brokers', Jewelers^ and Gold Scales, from 63 cts. to $800. Druggist and Prescription Scales, with marble, brass and iron columns, from $1.2=> to $65 00. Counter and Excelsior Scales, from $1.50 to , $10 00. Gold Weights— from | dwt. to 20,000 dwt., capable of weighing from a $1.00 to $18,000 — in fine Rosewood and Ma- hogany cases. Troy Weights in patent round stands, and boxes, from | to 80 dwt. and ^ to 2,000 dwt. fr., 75 cts. to $14.00 per set. Druggists' Weights which will weigh from the eighth part of an ounce to 8 lbs., from 63 cts. to $10.00 per set. Brass, Iron, and Zinc Weights for Sealess, from \ ounce to 50 lbs., from 3t cents to 60 cents per lb. Iron Weights, from 4 cents to 10 cents per lb. Zinc Weights, from 10 to 18 cents per lb., adjusted to any standard. Also, Yard Sticks of Brass in Mahogany Cases, from $3.00 to $9.00. Patent Pull Beer Pumps of all kinds, warranted for three years, from $10.00 to $250.00. Patent Water Pumps for Ships. Air and Forcing Air Pumps. New Patent Lager Beer Faucets, to be used without opening the top of the barrel, from $1.25 to $7.00. SAfJill MACHINERY OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, AND BRASS PINISHING : ALSO, 23 EXPRESS HISTORY. 23 and Wilmington Railroad," which was subsequently merged in the Maine Railroad. The "Boston and Providence Railroad and Transportation Company," was chartered by Rhode Island in 1834 The " Fall River Mill Road, Rail- road and Ferry Company," was chartered in 1835. In May, 1833, James Brewster, John Babcock, John S. Mitchell, and others were incorporated by Connecticut, as the "Hartford and New Haven Railroad Company." In the spring of 1834, as before mentioned, the Boston and Worcester Railroad was in partial operation ; and in the summer or fall of the same year, the Boston and Providence Railroad ran its passenger trains daily to Dedham, Massachusetts. The Boston and Lowell Railroad was constructed at greater cost, and so thoroughly, that, though th^ work was pushed with vigor by William Sturgis, Patrick T. Jackson, and their associates, it was not completed until May, 1835. The foundation of this railway consisted of blocks of granite embedded in "rubble," the entire distance, 26 miles. The rails were secured to these stone ties, thus making a very firm and substantial road. In the Lowell Courier of May 27th, 1835, we find the foUowmg notice of its first operation : "Lowell Railroad. — The first locomotive car was put on to this road yesterday ; this afternoon steam power has been applied, and the move- ment of the machine tried on short distances. The Railroad is completed through the whole distance. 24 EXPRESS HISTORY. and read J for immediate use. To-morrow, it is ex- pected, the engine with one or two of the cars will go to Boston and return, carrying a few persons, to test the operation. Afterwards, a few trips may be made during the week, but no regular times are yet announced for departure or return passage. Next week, probably, the cars will travel regularly between this town and Boston, and become a pait of the stage line connecting the city with Concord, N. H. In connection with the Railroad, should be mentioned the steamboat on Merrimac River. Three years ago, the project of constructing such a boat to ply on the river above us, was pronounced a wild scheme ; and it was generall}^ believed that our en- terprising townsmen who engaged in it would meet with heavy loss. Last summer the steamboat Her- ald ran from this place to Nashua through the sea- son. * * * During the past year she has been cut in two and converted into a large boat. The proprietors intend that she shall commence running the same day with the Railroad." The stone foundation of this Railway was not found to be advantageous, after a thorough trial. There was no "give" to it, consequently the wear and tear of the rolling stock were much greater than upon other railroads. The rails were taken up a few years ago, and laid upon the common wooden cross-ties. The business of this Company became lucrative almost immediately, arising chiefly, however, from the transportation of immense quantities of cotton, wool, and other materials from Boston to the mills, and the manufactured goods to the city in return. RIDLEir & CO. IDLEY 2c GO. STEAM REFINED CANDY& SUGARPLUMS Co rtxer of GHAMEfEiR S dncl HUDiSON'^'SaeBEETS , KEWrYQ R K . bert A. Ridley. ax. A. Haugrhton, m. Kennedy, m. A. Frits, m. Force. Caxdy, SuciAR Plums. Lozrsgrs, btc, ktc, in all their varieties, made exclusively from trebU refined I^af Sujar without adulteration or admixture of deleterious substances of any kind. Those wishing to purchase a pure article are requested to call and examine our stock, and con- trast them with those offered elsewhere. Boxes of Assorted Candies, for families, put up to or- der, at prices ranging from $5 upwards. Candies, etc., packed in boxes of 25, 50, 100 lbs., suitable for the Southern trade, and shipped to order. Orders by luail promptly executed. Ternui cash. 24 JACOB B. SCHBNCR, E 1^1 ^ No. 96 MAIDEN LANE, NEW YORE, DEALER IN ITl AM limil ^ iSILll » Wood worth Planing Machines; Sash and Blind Machinery; Engine Lathes of every style and size; Iron Planing Machines, from 3 feet to 20 feet long; Heavy Column Drilling Machines; Alden's, Masons', and other styles of Blowers; Circular Saw Mills; Moulding Ma- chines with Side Cutters; Duplicates for Woodworth Planing Machines; Slotting Machines; Portable Steam Engines; Sugar Mills; Bolts, Nuts and Washers; Dudgeon's Hydraulic Jacks; AM® muEU m^^nrnmi. Universal Chucks, of all sizes; Harris's Smut and Scouring Machines; Lace Leather of the best quality; Leather Belting, riveted and cemented, or stitched; and all kinds of Machinery for Working Wood or Iron. ORDERS RESPECTFULLr SOLICITED. Address as above. 25 EXPRESS HISTORY. 25 The " Boston and Old Colony Railroad '' was chartered in 1835. In 1836, George Peabody, Wm. H. Foster, L. Thorndike, and others, were in- corporated as the "Eastern Railroad Company." The same year, the Boston and Maine Railroad was opened to Andover, Massachusetts, 23 miles. The "Nashua and Lowell Railroad Company" was chartered in 1836; and the "Nashua (New Hampshire) and Worcester (Massachusetts) Rail- road," in 1839. In the latter year, the Eastern Railroad was opened for passenger travel from Boston to Salem, Massachusetts, 16 miles. A. Chase was Superin- tendent at that time. In 1840, it was opened to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 56 miles; and to Portland, Maine, 107 miles, in 1841. The Boston and Fitchburg Railroad was char- tered by Massachusetts in 1842. This Company, when it went into operation, obtained a very large and profitable business, and its stock rapidly ad- vanced above par. Its prosperity was unprece- dented; but prodigal management, after a few years of good luck, caused its business to fall off and its stock to decline to half its par value. Nor has the management of this Railroad improved by bitter experience ; yet, under a careful and sensible direction, it could be made one of the best paying stocks in the United States. C. C. Felton was its engineer, and its earliest superintendent. The " Providence and Worcester Railroad Com- pany" was incorporated in 1844, and the "Fall 28 EXPBESS HISTORY. River Railroad Company " in the same year ; also, the " Vermont and Massachusetts Railroad Com- pany." The "New York and Boston Railroad Com- pany " was chartered by Connecticut in 1846. In the same year, Rufus B. Kinsley, and others, were incorporated as the "Newport and Fall River Rail- road Company." Notwithstanding the projection of the three railroads, above named, in 1830, and their steady progress towards completion during the subsequent five years, the old lines of transportation were con- tinued with unabated energy by their very efficient and liberal proprietors, as we well remember, and as any one may satisfy himself was the case, by turning to the newspapers of that eventful period. In the Boston Daily Evening Transcript^ (Vol. I.,) we find an advertisement of the ^^ New York and Boston Steam Packet Line. To New York. Only 40 miles Land Carriage!'''' Then follow vignettes of a steamboat and a handsome four-horse stage-coach, full of passengers, and two or three in a seat behind. " From Providence for New York daily, (Sundays excepted ;) touching at Newport. Fare Five Dollars! " So it appears that the fares were as reasonable then, as now. By this line's " Arrangement for September, 1830, the Benjamin Franklin, Captain E. S. Bunker, leaves Providence, Sept. 1, 6, 10, 16, 21, 25, 29, at 12 M. ; and New York, Sept. 3, 8, 14, 18, 23, 27, at 4 P. M. The Chancellor Livingston, Captain C. Coggeshall, leaves HEDGES & MOESE, m)Mtmmt, AND DEALERS IN EVERY DESCRIPTION OF PAPER MAIFACTURERS' MATERIALS. 208 FULTON STREET, Near Greenwich Street, [5, ®iuinc, ftlts, toire Ollotl), $fC-, $?c-, FOOLSCAP, LETTER, NOTE, ALL GRADES MD SIZES OF PRINT AND TEA PAPER, Also a full and complete assortment of PjllAf LEAF, STRAIV, RAG AND MANILLA PAPER, OF EVERY SIZE AND QUALITY, Constantly on hand in large quantities, and for sale in lots to suit pur- chasers. Paper of every description Made to Order AT SHORT NOTICE. Orders from any part of the country, by letter or otherwise, will be promptly filled for the lowest market price. Land Warrant and Collection Office. GEOKGE WOODMAN, ]¥o. 49 TflLIilAIH STREET, PITEW ITORK, DEALEH IN The highest prices will be paid for Land Warrants, and correspondents can rely upon receiving prompt remittances. Warrants will be sold at the lowest market rates, and will be fully guaranteed. Collections made in all parts of the United States with dispatch. Mr. W. will also attend to the payment of Taxes upon, and to the sale of, Western Lands. REFERENCES : AMERICAN EXCHANGE BANK '. New York. SCHUCHARDT& GEBHARD do. A. L. STIMSON do, GALENA INSURANCE CO .Galena, niinoiB. IOWA COUNTY BANK Mineral Point, Wi«. HON. C. C. WASHBURN La Crosie, Wisconsin. W. JACKSON & SON, J 88 snfiw JtMoMttfmcturert •f Grates & Fenders 246 FRONT STREET, NEAK PECK SLIP, AND 930 BROADWAY, Between 21st and 22d Streets, EXPRESS HISTORY. 27 Providence, Sept. 2, 7, 11, 15, 19, 24, 30, at 12 M.; the President, Captain R. S. Bunker, leaves Provi- dence, Sept. 3, 8, 14, 18, 23, 27, at 12 M. ; and New York, Sept. 1, 6, 10, 16, 21, 25, 29, at 4 P. M. ; the Washington, Captain Comstock, leaves Providence, Sept. 4, 9, 13, 17, 22, 28, at 12 M; and New York, Sept. 2, 7, 11, 15, 20, 24, 30, at 4 P. M. Stages leave Boston daily, (Sundays except- ed,) at 5 A. M., and reach the Packets before their hour of starting. Dinner on hoard ; Meals extra. Dinner^ 50 cents j Breakfast and Tea^ 38 cents." In October following, the fare was increased to $6, — and the land carriage was stated to be 43 miles. In the same journal, under date of October 29, 1830, we find C. B. Wilder's advertisement of aline to New York, via Hartford and New Haven, stages leaving Boston every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, at 7 A. M. ''Sup and lodge at Ashford, and arrive at Hartford at 10 A. M., next morning, before the departure of the steamboats for New York, and in New Haven same afternoon, at 5 o'clock. Fare reduced to $6. Inquire for the Middle Road line of Stages." Another was advertised, by the same Agent, as the " Stage and Steam-Pachet Line^ via Norwich and New London. Only 80 ^les Land- Carriage^ The proprietors of the Boston and Norwich Line of Stages, via Thompson, it appears, had made an " ar- rangement with Captain Davison, of the Steamboat Fanny, to run during the cold season," rendering 28 EXPRESS HISTORY. " the trip to New York about as quick as by the way of Providence." " Stages leave Boston every Tuesday, at half-past 11 o'clock, and Wednesday and Saturday, at half-past 2 A. M ; " and passengers took the boat at Norwich, at 4 P. M. The trip from New York took from 3 P. M. until the evening ^f the next day. Fare *'only six dollars;" from Norwich to New York, $2. In 1834, (April,) the steamer Boston, Captain Wm. Comstock, and steamer Providence, Captain Seth Thayer, were advertised as having been put in complete order, with low pressure engines and heavy copper boilers, to run between Providence and New York, 13 times each way during the month. The Benjamin Franklin, Captain Coleman, an opposition boat, left Providence three times a week for New York. In the Boston Transcript of May 21, 1835, was the annexed notice : — '* New Steamboat. — A letter, dated New York, on Tuesday afternoon, says, * Captain Comstock's new boat, the Lexington, starts on her first trip to Providence, on Friday morning next, (May 22, 1835,) at 4 o'clock. She is intended to run as a DAY BOAT, and will carry passengers to Boston the same day she leaves New York. He thinks she will run 20 miles an hour.' " The melancholy fate of the Lexington is still vividly impressed upon the memory of thousands. The steam-packet Bangor, Captain S. H. Howes, LINN & DECKER, Importers of and Wholesale Dealers in Bj^MBIES^ o-iisrs. & BOURBON, MONONQAHELA, SCOTCH & IRISH WSmwm TS, OZIDES -A.I^I> POffT, MADEIRA, SHERRY, AND OTHER IVINES, mm., (^(D< No. 22 LIBERTY STREET, Between Nassaa and William, KDWARD JIMIS ) N. LINN, ) A. DICKER. ) J; & J. C. COMOY, No. 65 FULTON STREET, MANUFACTURERS, IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN AND The Trade Supplied on Liberal Terms. THE GOLD AND NINE SILVER MEDALS r^-. WERE AWARDEO TO " J. & J. C. CONKOY FOB THE BEST MilFACTURED PISHING RODS MD TICEB OF ALL KINDS. EXPRESS HISTORY. 29 (I. W. Goodrich, and U. W. Green, agents,) was running to Portland. There were still in use two lines of stages from Boston to Albany, one to Worcester, and another to Providence. Stages continued to run from Boston to Amherst, Brattleboro', Bridgewater, Fitchburg, Gloucester, Greenfield, Keene, Lowell, New Bed- ford, Marblehead, Newport, Newburyport, Port- land, Me., Portsmouth, Salem, Woonsocket, and many other places. There were baggage-wagons for the transporta- tion of packages and merchandise, and the execu- tion of commissions, between the same city and Beverly, Fall River, Greenfield, Ilubbardstown, Lynn, Methuen, New Bedford, Providence, Salem, South Reading, Taunton, Bristol, and Wareham. All these were very serviceable. Upon the introduction of railroads, a very audi- ble murmur arose from a numerous body of per- sons, composed mainly of those interested in the staging and stage-tavern business, but including in its ranks very many old-fashioned people, who shook their heads ominously at the innovation, and said it would produce more harm than good. Some did not hesitate to denounce it as an inven- tion of the devil ; others wanted to know, " What was to become of horse-flesh?" and asserted that the new mode of travelling would so depreciate the value of horses and mules, that it would not pay to raise them. The commentary upon this is, that horses have doubled in value since that period ; 3®-* EXPRESS HISTORY. and though many thriving taverns and villages suf- fered materially when the mail-stage lines were withdrawn, many more new towns were built up, and the larger cities became greatly increased in business and population. Take away the railroads now, and what should we do ? The public sympathy for the stage-drivers was universal and hearty. Many of them had served in that capacity from youth to advanced age. Some had driven the stage twenty, thirty, yes, forty years, upon the same route, and had become, as it were, " established institutions." The stage-driver of the olden time was a very different sort of a per- son from those who mount the box in these degen- erate days. He had troops of friends, and was a prodigious favorite everywhere. As a matter of policy, if not of simple justice, the new companies made it a point to give employment to, or in some other way favor, the drivers and agents, whose lines their railway trains had supplanted. Many were made railroad-conductors, depot-masters, and freight- agents; others were given the "freedom of the road," and allowed to travel without charge — a privilege which they turned to good account. While the principal railways in Massachusetts were yet in process of construction, and passenger-trains were run over only a portion of the contemplated route, the stage lines were not entirely relinquished, but would connect with the different temporary ter- mini of the railroads, and piece out the travel to the intended end. Most of the drivers doing this JAMES BOGARDUS, C. E., ARCHITECT IN IRON, ORIGINATOR, CONSTRUCTOR, AND PATENTEE OF Office, No. 207 Canal St., New York. This Efitafelishment offers unrivalled facilities to persons desirous of constructing "IRON riRE-PROOP BUILDINGS," OP ALL DESCRIPTIONS, Iron Fronts, for Stores, Dwelling-Houses, and all Iron Work required in construction of the Interior* Having been the first to enter the new field, which, indeed, he opened, Mr. Bogardus has already established firm and favorable business relations in all parts of the coun- try; and his arrangements being completed in a manner which long experience has proved to be most for the interest of both contracting parties, a uniform success in all past contracts guarantees the same for the future. Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished, and Contracts taken, for every description of Public and Private Build- ings, Bridges, etc., etc., in all parts of the country. All parties Interested in the above are respectfully invited to call at his office, to examine the extensive collection of plans of Buildings already erected, or now being constructed. Especial attention is invited to the superior manner in which Mr. Bogardus constructs his iron buildings, according to bis patent, to evade which, other parties are putting up buildings in an inefficient and dangerous manner, and pro- ducing unsafe structures. All parties are warned against infringers, who will be duly prosecuted according to law. Bogardus' Patent Universal Eccentric Iflill, For Grinding all kinds of Wet and Dry Substances. Omec, 207 Canal St.; }lill Boom in Harlem R. B. Depot, cor. Elm and Wbite Sts. 30 imf't MUD [LiaF MANUFACTURED BY No. 4 Thompson Street, One door from Canal St., adjoining People's Rank, TV E W YORK. Preminms Awarded, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852 and 1853. WARRANTED TO BURNISH. EOBEET FOULDS, Je., Importer and dealer in FIRE WORKS, TOYS, ^ CHINA AND FANCY GOODS, FISHIN^a TACKLE, &C., &C., No. 37 John Street, Near Nassau Street, SSHW '^(SlMSa Depot for J. W. Hadfield's First Premium 3F'X3F1.ES XTCr O 3E1. 3EiL £1 31 EXPRESS HISTORY. 31 kind of business, were partly compensated for their constantly diminishing fares, by being allowed a pass upon the encroaching railroad. For instance, when the Eastern Railroad was in operation only as far as Salem, Mass., the stage-driver, bringing passengers from Portsmouth, N. H., was allowed a pass in the next train to Boston; also, to return free. This enabled him to continue his old errand business between the metropolis and the principal places on his route. Upon the *' Boston and Worcester," and the ** Boston and Providence" Railroads, as they ap- proached completion, this sort of service assumed a different character. The stage-drivers ceased to pass in the cars, and a portion of their parcel and errand business became the perquisites of the con- ductors. The clerks of the different lines of steam- boats plying between New York and Stonington, Providence, New London, and Norwich, were in the custom also of receiving parcels and orders, which, without any record or method of any kind, they passed over to the local Agents of the steam- ers to " put through" when convenient. Three times as many parcels, however, went by private hands, without cost. Merchants and others, now living, who used to travel in those days between New York and Boston, will remember how they used to be burdened by their friends and acquaint- ances with money packages and bundles to deliver upon their arrival. If a person was going to New York, it was usually known a week or two before- 32 EXPRESS HISTORY. hand, and his friends and acquaintances would not only send their own bundles by him, but indicate him to others as a man who would accommodate them also. To such extremes was this practice carried, that strangers, even, used to be expected to afford the like favor, and had they declined, it would have been thought as churlish as for the passenger near- est the driver, in an omnibus, to refuse to pass anoth- er's fare. There must have been more honesty, and more mutual confidence among men, in that age, than now prevail. We have known men who were in the cus- tom of sending parcels of bank notes, drafts, accept- ances and bills of exchange, between New York and Boston — brokers, for instance — to put them in the charge of passengers in the cars, or on board the steamboat, whom they " did not know from a side of sole leather." The broker would rush down, with his money parcel, to the *' John W. Richmond," or the *' Norwich," just as the last bell was ringing, hoping to see a friend bound for Boston. Present- ly he would espy an acquaintance, and inquire if he was going through. If he replied in the negative, he would get him to introduce him to some one that was, and to Mm he would intrust his valuable bun- dle. It is no exaggeration to say, that hundreds of thousands of dollars, in bank-notes and other valua- ble paper, used to make the transit between these two cities, every year, in that unreliable manner. James W. Hale, who came on from Boston, in the spring of 1836, and was employed by Robert E. STOUT ^ HECEMAN'S 565 & 567 BROADWAY, Cermr of Prince Street, MMW ■S"®!^:^. ^SBWk ^'^^^ A«i>.-^ COATS OF ABMS, CRESTS km LETTERS, Beautifully Engraved on Stone, Gold, Silver or Brass. NOTARIAL, CONSULAR, SOCIETY and other SEALS, AT REASONABLE PRICES. SEAL PRESSES COSiSTAlVTlY ON HAND. WEDDING, VISITING, INVITATION AND DIISINBSS CARDS, Engraved and Printed on a Superior Quality of Cards, either fHfecLdLn.Q. and J^udineAA ^niwla/ied. SILVER PLATED DOOR PLATES, The Plate of which is warranted of unusual thiekaess. The finest quality of imported Note Paper constantly on hand. Crests, Initials, &c., Stamped on Cards and Paper. WM. C. STOUT. GEO. HEGEMAX. 32 mm>^ mm ®mm\Lm. J. C. HULL'S SONS, FORMERLY W. HULL & SON, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118 CLIFF STRE5ET, AND 9, 11, and 13 HAGUE STREET, Jfamilg Soaps, f ak Soap, OVER ONE HUNDRED STYLES OP CONSISTING OP VARIEGATED, ALMOND, ROSE, PALM, WHITE, Ac, Ac, Ac. PiESSlD, TillOW IIQ ADlllHTIHE SAHfiLESi STARCH IN EVERY STYLE. SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF / "THE IMPERIAL LUBSICATING OIL," For Rail Roads, Steamboats, Mills, &c. 33 EXPRESS HISTORY. 33 Hudson, at Hudson's News Room, in the old Ton- tine Building, at the corner of Wall and Water streets, subsequently became proprietoi: of that es- tablishment, and styled it the " Tontine Reading Room." He was, also, agent of the steamer John W. Richmond, (the Providence boat,) and was in the habit of going down to her, every day of her leav- ing, to transmit newspapers, and a transcript of the latest intelligence, from his bulletin board, to the Boston editors. As the principal brokers were aware of this fact, and knew that he was acquainted with many Boston passengers, scarcely a day passed that they did not put packets of bank notes, &c., into his hands, with a request that he would intrust them " to somebody luho was going on^^^ for delivery as ad- dressed. Everybody knew *'Jim Hale;" William F. Harnden among the rest ; and when the latter, worn out by working sixteen hours per day in the close confinement of the B. and Worcester Railroad ticket office, either relinquished his situation or obtained a short furlough, and visited New York, the Tontine Reading Room was his favorite place of call. This was either in the latter part of 1838, or in the be- ginning of 1839. Harnden told Hale, one day, that the confined employment at which he had been engaged for the past three years had injured his health, and he was determined to seek some more active business : but what was there for him to do ? The times were wretchedly dull, and situations were not to be had 94 EXPRESS HISTORY. for the asking. Hale replied promptly, advising him to do errands between New York and Boston. There was an urgent want, he said, of a parcel Express between the two places, and he explained to him why he thought so. He believed that he could help him to obtain the patronage of Jacob Little, and the other brokers, and (as its Agent) procure him some facilities on board the John W. Richmond. There is another version of the story, which alleges that Mr. Harnden had conceived the plan in Boston, be- fore visiting New York. Harnden consulted, also, by letter, with Major J. A. Pullen, who was conduc- tor, or agent, at that time, on the Boston and Provi- dence line to New York, and agent of the steamers, and he not only encouraged him to undertake the experiment, but aided him in obtaining a contract on that line of Boats. Harnden next had a talk with Mr. Moore, a conductor upon the Boston and Wor- cester Railroad, in Boston, with a view to enlisting him as a partner in the enterprise. Moore (we are told) required time to consider the matter. On the following day, he went to the Superintendent of the Boston and Providence Railroad, to make a contract for Express facilities, upon his own account ; and was informed that he was a little too late, an agree- ment having been entered into, on the previous day, with Harnden. This was a good lesson to the latter upon the value of decision and promptitude. " Nev- &r put off to the Morrow what may as well be done To-day,'' was an axiom well illustrated by that inci- dent Had Moore obtained the contract, it is quite EMWUSfm it FOR FLOORS. MINTON'S ENCAUSTIC TILES FOR FLOORS, As laid hy the Subscribers in the uwt%t m WAiiiigfii, and in numerous DWELLINGS, CHURCHES. BANKS, And other Buildings in all parts of the Country. PATTERN SHEETS AND DESCRIPTIONS of this durable and beautiful Material may be obtained by addressing as below. — ALSO — Garnkirk Chimney Tops, Drain Pipes, PLUMBERS' M^TERI^LS, &C. For Sale by MILLEH & COATES, 279 Pearl Street, NEW YORK. 34 Cl« CSiMlT, Depot, ZIfo. 3 Courtlandt Street, SBTew York. Factories, I Jf^^ »^^^°' ^«"»- ' 3 Forestville, (C Our Company being composed of the (Formerly Jerome Manufacturing Company,) AND E. N. WELCH, AT FORESTViLLE, CONN., It is not necessary to comment upon the superior qualities of Clocks manufactured by Ute aboTe named parties, as they are already well known. We manufacture every style of Clock, and can furnish them as lo»v as any other cfitablisbment in the country. We will send a circular containing the illustrations of all our styles of Clocks upon application. We have also constantly on hand a large assortment of vbich we are ready at all times to supply in large or small quantities, Those who deal in Clocks are respectfully invited to call and eiamine our stock lyefere purchasing elsewhere. S. M CAUFSVJTEH, Agent. 35 EXPRESS HISTORY. 35 probable that Harnden would never have become an Expressman. As it turned out, he took, that day, the first step in a career that in less than three years was to make him famous throughout the civilized world, and hand his name down to the latest poster- ity as the founder of a new branch of industry, a new source of wealth ; a business constantly increasing and extending, and becoming daily more and more indispensable — a business, the importance and value of which, both to the mercantile and social interests of America, cannot now be over-estimated. Little did either Hale or Pullen, or any other live man, at the outset of Harnden's brilliant career, dream to what immense results his Express was to lead ; nor had he, himself, any conception of it. William F. Harnden was born in Reading, Mas- sachusetts, during the exciting times of the war of 1812. His father was a house-painter, in humble circumstances, and had it agreed with his health, his son would have learned the trade. Diminutive in form, and fragile in constitution, it was thought best that William should not injure his health by application to study ; consequently his education was neglected. Still, he became a superior penman, as is proved by the round, handsome, and very leg- ible chirography of several letters of his, now in our possession. He was inclined to be unobtrusive and taciturn, yet his address was good and business- like. His principles were excellent, his habits reg- ular, his disposition agreeable, and his benevolence always larger than his means. He married a lovely 36 EXPRESS HISTORY. woman, a daughter of John Fuller, Esq., of New- ton, Massachusetts, at the time (we believe) that he was a conductor upon the Boston and Worcester Railroad. In Stimpson's Boston Directory, for the year 1838, we find this address among the rest, '*W. F. Harnden, ticket-master, W. R. R., h. 7 Newton Place." In the Boston Directory of the following year, it is entered as " Express Package Carrier^ 8 Court, res. 16 Za Grange Pl,'^ and his original ad- vertisement occupies a fly-leaf of the book. His matrimonial connection proved to be a happy one; and we have heard it said, that in many a business emergency, his wife was his best adviser. The earliest public mention, that we can find, of the arrangement which he had made with the Superintendent of the Boston and Providence Rail- road, is contained in a Boston newspaper, dated February 23d, 1839. For one or two reasons, it is worthy of preservation, and accordingly we will insert it in this record. BOSTON AND NEW 70EE EXPRESS CAR. IMPOETANT TO MEECHANTS, BROKERS, BOOKSELLERS, AND 0THEE8. W. F. HARNDEN, For the last five years, conductor and passenger-clerk for the Boston and Wor- cester Railroad Company, has made arrangements with the Providence Rail- road and New York Steamboat Companies, to run a car through from Boston to New York, and vice versa, four times a week, commencing on Monday, 4th March. He will accompany a car himself for the purpose of purchasing goods, collecting drafts, notes, and bills. Orders of all kinds promptly attended to. He will take charge of all small packages of goods, bundles, &c., that may be intrusted to his care, and see them safely delivered, and attend to forwarding merchandise of all descriptions, (except that prescribed by the Railroad Com- I XSaitA.l^llflila.ecl. Ixi. Xe34. ^ MANUFACTURER OF THB &TFLTJlSTC3r MANUFACTORY AND WAREROOMS, 75 to»5 East Thirteenth Street, Near Broadway, Sfl^W "STiDISISo The ''Dunham Piano Fortes," both Grand and Square, are distinguished for Their rich, melodious and powerful tone: Their light, elastic and powerful touch: For their strength and durability of construction: And their consequent remarkable power of keeping in tone. These Instruments are made of materials thoroughly seasoned outside, and then kilvrdried; so they are able to stand the test of every climate, and they do not depend upon their iron frames, as most of the other makes. Purchasers may rely upon the excellence of these Instruments; thej are warranted for five years, and the prices are moderate. 36 MACGREGOR'S PATENT Warming and Ventilating Furnaces, FOR HEATING PWUC AlID PRIVATE BUILDINGS. HAU8, STORES, &C. These Furnaces have been in nse several years, and with the recent improvements for econo- my, purity of air, and ease of management, have no equal. They require but little atten- tion; the same fire can be kept np the entire season, without go- ing out. The coal and gases are all consumed; with good coal no clinker is made, consequently sifting coal is dispensed with. There are tec sizes of Portable, or to be set in masonry, of power to warm from 10,000 to 200,000 cubic feet of space. Carpenter's elevated Oven and St Nicholas Ranges. Caldron Furnaces, Registers, Water Coolers, Baths, Toilet Ware, Japanned Tin Ware, &c. Manufactured and for sale, wholesale and retail, by Wm. H. CORY, 117 Beekman Street, N. Y, Successor to Jamea Macgregor, Ji. 31 EXPRESS HISTORY. 37 panies,) if directed to his care. All packages, bundles, ii>j- xese. iii liii if iliilMiif , '■■' a rt irt- JOHN^ G. McMURRAY & CO., Proprietors of the ITansmghitrgtj Steam §rtts| Jfacturj, WAREHOUSE AND SALES ROOMS, No. 277 PEARL STREET, By the aid of Machinery, of which they are the inventors and sole pro- prietors, they are enabled to sell Brushes of all kinds at very low prices, and solicit a thorough examination of the variety, style, quality, and price, feeling confident that they will copviace each buyer that it is for their in- terest to deal with them. 40 MANY, BALDWIN & MANY, 49 JoHK Street, coriver Dutch St., mm ^®mm^ LOCKS of ererj description, pilfer ipiaie^ pinges, IRON AND BRASS BUTTS, Belh and Bell-Hangers' Materials of every kiad, Copjrer Wire, Iran Wirer Steel Wirt, WOOD SCREWS, Brass Screws and Machine Screws of all kinds. MANTJFACT0RER3 OF PORCEli AIID SILVER PLATED DOOR TRIMMINGS, Including Name and Number Plates, BBLL FtTLLS, &c., of the BEST QUALITY, AGENTS FOR GAUTIER'S BLACK LEAD CRUCIBLES, " PIRE BRICKS ANB TILE, '^ GAS RETORTS, " CARBURET OP IRON STOVE POLISH- IMPKOYED WIKE DOOE SPEII^GS, Every article of BUILDING HARDWARE snitable for first class houses kept constantlj an hand. Illustrated Catalogues sent hj piail, on application. FRANCIS MANY, GEO, W, BALDWIN, LEWIS MANT, 41 HISTORY OF THE EXPRESS BUSINESS. History op Wm. F. Haknden, and Harnden & Co., completed. Harnden's ILL IIEA.LTH AND OTHER DISCOURAOEMENTS. HlS HEROISM. NARRATIVE OP THE LOSS OF THE LEXINGTON. MELANCHOLY DEATH OP AdOLPHUS HaRN- DEN, THE FIRST MAN THAT DIED IN THE EXPRESS SERVICE. FrEEZING-UP OF THE Sound. Novel way op Expressing. Harnden establishes Offi- ces IN Philadelphia and Albany. Alludes to the starting of the FIRST opposition Express, (Adams & Co.) Takes a partner and estab- lishes A European business. Characteristic correspondence by Harn- den. Henry Wells as his Agent. Harnden & Co's operations; their progress at home and abroad. Sickness and decease op William F. Harnden. Result op his enterprises. We have described the causes and origin of the Package Express; it now remains for us to relate how Harnden's enterprise stood the test of experi- ence — wherein it failed, wherein it prosj)ered, and how much of the fruits of the noble tree, which he had planted, he was permitted to enjoy before he died. To illustrate how slight a thread the Express line was at that time, Mr. James Cholwell, then a clerk in J. W. Hale's foreign letter office, but subsequent- ly a city money-messenger with Adams & Co., in- forms us that he remembers that one day Harnden came to where his employer was sorting letters, and 42 EXPRESS HISTORY. striking his hand emphatically upon the counter, declared that '* he could not make it go," meaning the Express business. " He had expended," he said, " a thousand or twelve hundred upon it, and had not got half his money back." Hale reminded him that the Cunard hue of steamships was about to go into operation between Liverpool and Boston, and this would necessarily make a multitude of foreign parcels for delivery, in New York and Philadelphia, by express. Harnden saw at once the force of the suggestion, and was encouraged to continue his en- terprise. When the steamships commenced run- ning, the communication between New York and Boston perceptibly increased, and the impetus given by it to the business of the latter city materially helped Harnden & Co. The reader will understand that Harnden, in the struggle for the establishment of his "project," had had the odds very much against him. He had nei- ther health, capital, nor friends to back him. As before stated, the reason of his resigning his situa- tion as ticket-master on the B. and Worcester R. R. was that his slender constitution had been seriously injured by his steadfast application to the duty re- quired of him ; hence he was not physically equal to the fatigue inseparable from the berth of an Ex- press conductor, or messenger ; and it was a subject of wonder, to all who knew him, that he endured it as well as he did. The secret of it was, that he had, under a very quiet, and rather taciturn de- SEARLES & WILLIAMS, No. 57 White Street, NE^V\^ YORK, MANUFACTURERS TO THE TRADE f OF EICHLY OKNAMENTED AND PLAIN E>®©II1S ©MSI fMKSi, IN EVERY VARIETY, OF THE NEWEST STYLES, IN ELLIPTIC TOP, OYAL, OR FANCY SHAPED ; ALSO, ^kl anJr Square portrait anJr '§id\m ixmts, comprising more than a thousand patterns. PICTURE FRAME MOULDINGS AND OVAL FRAMES, of every pattern, ornamented, plain, prepared, or in the wood, as thej may be required. Having been established in the manufacture of Looking Glass and Pic- ture Frames for more than thirty years, and availing ourselves of all the improvements in manufacturing, are prepared to execute orders to any ex- tent in the best manner, and on as favorable terms as any house in the city. May 1, 1860. 42 JOHN K. HOFPEIi, BRUSH fflANUFACTlEER, 829 Pearl Street, (Harpers' Building,) Franklin Square, N. ¥• Brushes of every description at the lowest factory prices. A superior quality of together with the greatest variety of in New York, on hand and for sale. made to order. Painters, storekeepers, druggists, and the public generally, will find it to their advantage in ordering from me. EXPRESS HISTORY. 43 meanor, great hopefulness, a steady zeal, and a strong will. By almost superhuman exertion of the latter faculty, when worn out by a night of harder duty than usual, by which he had been robbed of his needful rest, and exposed to the roughest wea- ther, on sea and land, he would reanimate his e!t- hausted system, and nerve himself to discharge the recurring labor. In these days of progress, it is not so easy to appreciate the severe ordeal which Harnden went through. Unless a man is stimulat- ed by an indomitable spirit, if his body is weak and undermined by disease, he feels privileged to shun fatigue ; but Harnden, on the contrary, resolutely encountered the hardships of his new business, at all times, and often against the remonstrances of his friends, who feared that he had undertaken a work, that would soon destroy him. Among other things, it was his pride to be the first to board the British Mail Steamer, to obtain the Europeafti news for the press ; and even though it should be between mid- night and morning, his office would be illuminated, and he and his men on the alert for the expected arrival. This often occurred, when, instead of such exposure, he ought to have been in bed, and under a doctor's care. His Express had been in operation only a few months, when — it was in the summer or fall of 1839 — O'Hearn, a part of whose little store in the basement of what is now No. 20 Wall Street, at the corner of Nassau Street, we have said was his orig- 44 EXPRESS HISTORY. inal office in this city, requested him to remove, because the receipts of parcels had so increased, that they obstructed the stationer's own business. Harnden acquiesced, and hired an office at No. 2 Wall Street, in a building situated where the Bank of' the Republic now stands. His original office in Boston was in the same room with Staples, the Stage Agent, No 9 Court Street. B. D. & G. B. Earle, Bank Messengers be- tween Boston and Providence, started an Express between those two cities, and occupied a portion of Harnden's Providence office. In August, 1839, E. L. Stone, a native of Lei- cester, Mass., became a clerk in Harnden's service at No. 2 Wall Street. J. W. Lawrence was agent of the Boston office; and Luke Damon and Adolphus Harnden were messengers. This arrangement con- tinued until the 13th of January, 1840, the date of the disaster to the Lexington. On that fatal day, the business of the Express at the New York office seemed even better than usual. Harnden had been intrusted with the delivery of $20,000 to Franklin Haven, President of the Merchants' Bank, and U. S. Pension Agent. Besides that large sum, they had in charge as much more for various other par- ties in Boston; and a considerable quantity of par- cels, &c. The money and valuables were put into the portable safe or iron box as usual, and this was bestowed in the Express crate, with the packages, by Adolphus Harnden, who little imagined, when it J. AGATE « GO'S AND ^entlmen s JfmTO|mg Store, Between Mnrray and Warren Streets, New York, opposite City Hall. STOCKS, SUSPENDERS, AND THE PATENT CORAZZA SHIRTS. Constantly on hand — Scarfs, Cravats, Gloves, Suspenders, Under Garments, Hosiery, Lineo and Muslin Shirts, Pocket Kerchiefs, Buckskin Shirts, Drawers, and Suspenders, &c., &c. A — Measurement around the neck. B to B — " across the shoulders. C to C — " from centre of back to wrist bone. D to D — " around the chest to arm-pits. AtoE— " length. ^^^ Orders accompanied with measurements as indicated above, will alwajs be executed with precision and dispatch, in the best style, and at most reasonable prices. J. AGATE & CO. J. AGATE. F. W. TALKINGTON. CHARLES F. WILLIAMS, ist Water Street, Corner of Fletcher St., SJSW ^©IEBLq MANUFACTURER OF ROUND AND SQUARE T2H € 9 FOR Oil, Yarnish, Turpentine, I^ard, Paint, Puttjr, PoTFder, &e., &e., DRUaeiSTS' TIN WARE, SWCIlHSandmSlolioldfromStolOOQGIILLOIS. HERMETIdALLY SEALING Oil, For putting up Fruits, Meats, Vegetables, Ac. A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF Cash, Deed, Sample, Letter and Cake Boxes, Measures, Funnels, Scoops, Pumps, Water Pails, Water oii8« .i.^ (5i,^ots, Marking Pots, &c., &c., constantly 4»diqiii*i«4£«*v< on hand, or made to order. Orders by Mail promptly and faithfally executed* 45 EXPRESS HISTORY. 45 was done, that he had packed it for the last time. It was a winter's afternoon, but the trip seemed hkely to be safe enough. There were nearly 100 passengers on board, be- sides 37 persons in the capacity of officers and crew. On deck was a large quantity of cotton, in bales. At seven o'clock in the evening, when about five miles east of Eaton's Neck, L. I., and going at the rate of 1 2 miles an hour, the cotton near the smoke- pipe was discovered to be on fire! The wind was blowing very fresh, and all endeavors to extinguish the flames being found inefiectual, the boat was headed for Long Island. Unhappily the tiller ropes were soon broken by straining, and the vessel be- came unmanageable. The consternation was now so universal, that two of the Lexington's boats, and the life-boat, were no sooner lifted out and let down into the water, than a crowd of panic-stricken mortals precipitated themselves on bpard, and swamped them — by this means losing their own lives, and depriving the rest of their only dependence in that terrible emergency. Another boat, which had been lowered very care- fully, and apparently all right, was found, a day or two afterwards, with four bodies in it, and nearly full of water. The engine, also, became useless, and the boat drifted at the mercy of the wind and sea, while the volume of fire from the rapidly-consuming cotton swept over her, and her despairing passengers and 4.6 EXPRESS HISTORY. crew, with a fearfulness that defies description. The conflagration being amidships, cut off necessari- ly all communication from stem to stern, where the passengers were collected; some clinging to each other, some on their knees, and either imploring God to help them, or unavailingly bewailing the horrible doom which gazed grimly into their pale countenances. The blazing wreck, shining far over the intensely cold and heavy waste of waters, exhibited the scene of the catastrophe with terrible distinctness. To remain on board was to incur certain death, and to cast themselves into the sea was the only alterna- tive. It was a desperate resort, but, commending themselves to God, the poor creatures availed them- selves of the wretched privilege of a choice in the manner of their death; for they could hardly have entertained a hope of surviving. A very few, who hesitated to precipitate themselves into the merci- less deep, clung to the sides of the burning hull, in the hope of prolonging for a few moments their limited existence. Only four persons were saved; and 110 men, 8 women, and 3 children are known to have per- ished. If any, upon spars and fragments of the wreck, escaped drowning, it was only to die by exposure. It is possible that a few survived until morning, and drew their last breath in sight of the rising sun. Many of the victims of that awful calamity were I CORNELIUS VAN HORN, 70 Beekman St., I¥ew York, MAXDFACTUKER, IMPORTER k DEALER IN Carriage Jarbfoare ^ Crimmings, Sleigji Materials, ^c. CONSIST INQ OF Springs, all qaalities, Axles numerous kinds, Malleable ('astings, Best Philadelphia Bolts, New York Bolts, Wrought Fifth Wheels, Wrought Axle Clips, Best Fhihuit-Iphia Nuts, Rivets Clamps, Buggy Da.'ihea. Bent Rims. Bent Shafts, finished and unfinished, Bent Poles, finished and unfinished, Bent Seat Rails and Backs, Spokes, Hickory and Oak, Hubs, Turned Neck Yokes, Carved Carriage Be.ls, Carveil Spring Bars, Beat Spindles, Buggy Seats, Buggy Bows, Buggy Wheels, Buggy Bodies, Wagon Hows, Oak and Ash, Coach and Buggy Lamps, Damask, various qualities, Blip Linings, Cloth, all colors and qualities. Curtain Silks, Silk and Worsted Coach Lace, Bilk and Wc.rsted Fringe and Tassels, Brussels and Velvet Carpet, Oil Carpet, Japanned Moleskin, Painted Cloth, 6-4 wide. Enameled Duck, ) Enameled Drills, > various widths. Enameled Muslin, ) Enameled Muslin, fancy colors, Patent Leather, Enameled Leather, Enameled Leather, fancy colors, Oil Top Leather, Buckram, Plushes, Scrims, Seamiug Cord, Patent Thread, Curled Hair, Moss, Curtain Frames, Spring barrels. Whip Sockets, Caleche Fixtures, Top Props. Silver and Brass, Knobs, Silver, Brass and Japanned, Locks, Bands, Tacks, Brads, Screws, Files, Buttons, Door Handles, Stump Joints, Shaft Jacks, Shaft Tips, Plated Slatt Irons, Plate e {^^2*^^ EXPRESS HISTORY. 47 prominent citizens of l^ew York and Boston. The public favorite, the inimitable comedian, the wit, the scholar, and the gentleman, Henry T. Finn, en- acted in that tragedy the last scene in his life. How impressively it stands out in contrast with what we remember of him, as, many a time and oft, at the annual Corporation dinner, he used to ' ' set the table in a roar," or, in some comic part upon the stage, would convulse the audience with a laughter that would tickle the ribs for whole days afterwards, and cause the very mention of his name to excite the risibles of the hearer! Poor Finn! Who of the vast multitude that knew you, has not paid to your memory the tribute of a tear? There is no record of the personal experience of any one of their companions, except that of the four who were saved; and we have none of Adolphus Harnden. That he behaved with courage and forti- tude, we have no reason to doubt. Express messengers have, in numerous instances of disaster by sea and land, distinguished themselves by their presence of mind and intrepidity in seeking to save or serve those in distress around them. In Harnden 's case, any attempt to rescue his fellow passengers would have been futile. His only care was for the safety of the very heavy amount of treas- ure which he had in his charge. He took his iron safe, containing about $40,000, from the crate be- fore the boats were swamped, in the hope of getting it into one of them, after they had done their ofl&ce 48 EXPRESS HISTORY. in conveying the passengers and others ashore. Finding it was too heavy for that, he may have opened it and taken out the packages, for their bet^ ter conveyance. Probably all, or a portion, of the $12,000 in specie belonging to the Merchants' Bank had not been put into the safe, for one who was there says that he saw the boxes used by some per- sons in throwing water upon the flames. The safe was upon castors, and it rolled overboard when the steamer lurched. It has never been found, nor any portion of the money. Fragments of the crate were picked up a short time afterwards, but nothing of any value. The body of the unfortunate messenger was never recovered. On the day following the disaster, Captain Com- stock, accompanied by Dexter Brigham, Jr., and two or three other gentlemen, proceeded with his crew, in the Steamer Statesman, to hunt for such of the poor creatures as might yet be alive upon the icy shores, or afloat upon spars, &c. Crowley, the second mate, was found in good quarters, having floated ashore on a bale of cotton, (which, by the way, he gratefully preserves, in remembrance of its service ;) and three others were saved, but no trace was discovered of the unfortunate Express con- ductor. Early in 1840, Harnden contemplated an exten- sion of his line to Philadelphia, and in the spring of that year he commissioned E. L. Stone to go thither, and act as his agent. Pullen was the Bos- ton Messenger. A-LLEN'S PATENT mwMmmm THE LIGHTEST 11 BEST REVOLVER IN THE WORLD, WEIGHT ONLY 7 OUNCES. The advantages of this Arm over all others, consists in the superioritj of its workmanship, the rapidity of loading and discharging, the ac- curacy and GREAT FORCE with which it shoots, the convenience and safety with which the Arm and Ammunition may be carried. The Cartridges are waterproof, and the pistol may remain charged for any length of time, in any climate, with certainty of fire at all times. FOR SALE BY THE TRADE QENERALLY. ONION & WHEELOCK, Manafacturers. Importers and Jobbers of GUNS, REVOLVERS, RIFLES, PISTOLS, im JUIEEUL tlB SPOBTUG IBTiSLIS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, No. 99 Maiden Lane, 48 EXPRESS HISTORY. 49 In November, 1840, D. Brigham, Jr., became a partner of Harnden, and went to England, to es- tablish a transatlantic express line and foreign exchange business. This step was regarded with favor, and through the energy of H. had become, in 1842, a popular institution, highly creditable to American enterprise. At that date, WiUiam F. Harnden was upon the top-wave of popularity; butwhatare splendid means and wide-spread reputation to a man, if the still greater source of enjoyment, good health, is denied to him ? Though constrained by his failing strength to ride to his place of business in his carriage, Harn- den still labored at his head work with unabated zeal. His Boston, New York, and Philadelphia Express, and his Foreign Express, were not his sole care; He conceived that his influence in Europe could not be better fostered and extended than by Harnden & Go.^s undertaking to afford the most sure and sat- isfactory facilities for the emptying of the overflow- ing population of the Old into the fertile Western valleys of the New World. When Henry Wells had urged upon him, a year or two before, the impor- tance of extending his line from Albany to Bufftilo, and thence Westward, Harnden replied, " Put a people there, and my Express shall soon follow." He did not want to waste time to court the patron- age of unpopulated prairies; and it was this thought, probably, that was the seed of his emigration pro- 60 EXPRESS HISTORY. ject at a later period. With more experience, he might have reaHzed the fact, that Express faciUties may lead as well as follow population. Harnden desired, with all his heart, to have the great West traversed by railroads in every direc- tion. He saw that the "lay of the land" offered no such difficulties to their construction as had been experienced among the rocks and hills of New En- gland; and with comparatively small expense the immense distances, which appalled those who were looking wistfully to the productive and easily culti- vated western prairies, could be overcome, and the vast Yalley of the Mississippi be rendered accessi- ble to the enterprising spirits of the crowded East- ern States, and the starving millions of Europe. There were no exorbitaiit prices to be paid for ** rights of way," no impediment to obtaining mate- rials for construction: the only difficulty was to pro- cure laborers. Great Britain was rich in its numer- ous gangs of experienced navvies, thoroughly ex- perienced in excavating, banking, tunnelling, bridg- ing, &c.; but the demand for similar labor, in this country, vastly exceeded the supply. The more that Harnden thought of this, (and the subject ex- ercised his mind for several months, at the period of which we are writing,) the more confirmed he became in the desire to be himself the means of bringing into the United States the requisite labor- force from the surplus of Great Britain and the Continent. Up to that time, there had been no bmi©1j®m^'^i® ^i^ir Q S. T. BAILEY, IVo. 5 Chatham Square, j^ew York City. I solicit your attention to my especial business (and consequent facilities) for furnish- ing Emblematic Sfgxs. (Carved, Plain or Figured,) always on band and got up to order; such as Horses' Heads, Watehes, Eagles, Spectacles, Mortars, Anvils^ Padlocks^ Guns^ MMats^ Keys^ Pens^ Liberty Caps, Wheat Sheaves. Brokers' Balls, Books, Porte-Monaies, Sad- dles, Boots, Awls and various Mechanical Tools, and other devices. My Watches arc made of two solid pieces only, one of wood, and the entire pea- dant of Iron, making a durable Sign; others of Wood, Iron. Cast and Sheet Zinc, ac- cording to necessity and requirement, all substantially made, faithfully painted, and gilt with the best Gold Leaf, and sent to all parts of the United States, Texas, Cali- fornia and Canada, when ordered; also, on hand, life-size Lions "rampant," with paw upon a Mortar, desirable signs for Druggist.*"; the Eagles can have a Watch suspended from the beak, for Jewelers; also. Gold Pens; small Signs and Cards for Store Win- dows, with various inscriptions on Tin, Glass and Paper; Pictorial Emblematic De- signs on Swing Boards ready painted, for the accommodation of Southern and West- ern Jewelers and other Merchants, Mecbanics and Traders. Pictorial Emblematic and Lettered Store Wlvdow Sh.vdes, with appropriate classic or quaint designs, painted or gilt, with ornamental borders. Plain, white or buff Linen Shades for Parlors, Offices, Ac. SIZES AN-D PB.ICES OF WATCH SZaiTS. For 9 inch $ 4.50 12 U 16 18 20 22 24 26 27 28 30 36 6 .00 6.60 7-50 9.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 16.00 17.00 19.00 25.00 For 9 inch $ 5.50 7.00 8.00 9.50 11.00 13.00 15.00 18.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 2.^.00 30.00 Price of Eacrles. Ist Large Size $60 00 2d " " 50.00 3d " " ^;00 4th " ** 25.00 5th " " 20.00 6th Small Size 7.00 7th " " 5.00 Price of Mortars. 36 inch $40.00 25.00 14.00 10.00 Price of Quns. 12 feet $30.0* 10 " 25.00 8 " 20.00 Daguerrean Baek Grounds, on hand, or painted to order, scenery or plain« 60 HUNTER, KELLER & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF WROUGHT IRON PIPES, AND Finings for Steam, Gas and Water, 144 CENTRE STREET, ^ ^y %M MSk W^ JL ML Mm lyl ^ m Hot Water Boilers for Heating Buildings^ STEAM APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND YEN- TILATING HOTELS, FACTORIES, &c. EFery fariety of Tools and Machinery used by the Trade* STEAM ENGINES ALL FITTINGS REQUISITE FOR GAS OR STEAM WORK. 61 EXPRESS HISTORY. 51 organized and well-regulated system of emigration. If a shipload of foreigners arriA^ed, the chances were that they were the dregs of a Em-opean poor-house, with neither the inclination nor the physical ability for labor; but if, on the contrary, they were of the better class of emigrants, able and anxious to go West and work, there were many hindrances to their getting thither, and little or no means of com- municating with, and remitting money to, the friends whom they had left behind them, in the old coun- try. Wm. F. Harnden determined to remedy, if possible, all these difficulties. He had established, as we have said, his Express offices in the principal cities of England and France. He lost no time in doing the like in Scotland, Ireland, and Germany, and so arranged it that Harnden & Co., at all their offices in the United States, could make bills of ex- change either upon their foreign agents or upon first class bankers in all those cities, for any amount, from one pound, upwards, for the accommodation of emigrants, who, having settled and made a little money, desired to remit it safely and expeditiously to friends at home, to pay their passage to America. Having made this arrangement widely known, the effect of it was soon manifested, agreeably to Harnden's expectation. The Irish and German residents (but especially the former, who are more impulsive) began to buy the bills, and send home to their friends to join them, in this land of plenty. The facility of remittance thus provided by Harn- 52 EXPRESS HISTORY. den & Co. (and so extensively imitated by a host of 6mall bankers since that time) gave a very decided impetus to emigration from Great Britain. It was precisely what was wanted to give it a start. Harn- den's next move was to arrange with Enoch Train & Co., the large packet-ship owners in Boston, for the cheap conveyance of emigrants from Liverpool. His next step was to contract with the owners of the numerous lines upon the N. Y. and Erie Canal for the exclusive use of all their passenger boats. It was an immense monopoly, but never abused, and saved the emigrants and other passengers from being confused by opposition lines, and fleeced by runners and other land-sharks, who, prior to that time, used to fatten upon the plunder of ignorant travellers. Harnden was almost as great a believer in the advantages of publicity as is the very liberal, reso- lute, enterprising, and successful Mr. Robert Bon- ner, of the ''New York Ledger," who has wrought so remarkable a revolution in advertising within the last year or two. Ex. gr. — Young Smith, in H. & Co.'s Boston ofl&ce, received an order from Nat. Greene, at that time, to get a thousand white cards printed, relative to the enterprise; the size of them to be somewhat smaller than his hand. "His hand!" exclaimed Harnden, when he heard of the order, "have them a foot square, five thousand of them, and the color red. If a thing is worth doing at all, it is worth doing thoroughly." Then writing down mm\m exchange fire insuraie oompm, OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. OaisIx OA.x>ita.l, ^200,000. Office, American Exchange Bank Building, cor. Broadway and Cedar Street. Insures buiMings, Merchandise, Household Furniture, Rents, Leases and other personal property, at the lowest rates; returning to the assured a per centage in Cash at the time of elTecting the In- surance, in place of Scrip, as is the custom on the mutual system. Ralph Mead, Jr., firm of E. & R. Mead, Jr., k Co. James L. Jackson, Iron Works, East 28th Street. Goodwin Lowrey, firm of Lowrey, Strang & Co. Henry Owen, Importer, 91 John Street. Hugh N. Camp, firm of Camp, Bruusen & Sherry. Francis Du Boi.s, 89 Fulton Street, ' 4 N. L. McCready, firm of McCready, Mott & Co. jl-saac B. Wellington, " Wellington & Abbott. George W. Mead, ' " Mead & Taft. John Hopper, " Hopper & Emerson. James D. Sparkman, " Sparkman & Truslow. iMoiris Reynolds, "210 Washington Street, Brooklyn. I William K. Belcher, firm of Sackett, Belcher & Co. iJohn R. Graham, " Haws, Graham & Co. iFrederick M. AUes, " Guille & Alles. I Henry Biicking, " H. & C. I'. Bucking. IThos. S. Whitman, " Whitman, Bros, h Co. Samuel Brown, William A. Booth, President of Am. Ex. Bank, Lowell Holbrook, firm of Holbrook ^ Nelson, Amasa S. Foster, Banker, 267 Pearl Street. Wm. C. Langley, firm of W. C. Langley & Co. Wm. M. Richards, " Richards, Haight k Co. Sheppacd Gandy, " Robert & Williams. Samuel Willets, " Willets & Co. Rlwin Thome, " Thorne, Watson & Co. Alexander Studwell, 245 Broadway. Lewis B. Loder, firm of Loder k Co. Wm. Laytin, " Ijiytin, Hurlbut &Co. Prosper P. Shaw, " J*. P. Shaw & Co. Thomas Clark. " Thomas Clark k Co. William W. Rose, 68 Cedar Street. George H. Studwell, firm of Gillespie & Studwell, Charles Kellogg, »' Brumley h Kellogg Elijah T. Sherman, George B. Satterlee, 49 Exchange Place. Cornelius Smith, firm of Clark, Austin & Smith. John S. Jenness, " Jcnness & Watson. Chas. L. Anthony, " Anthony, Whittemore & [Clark. SAJIIJEIi BROIVX, President. Silas C. Herring h Co.'Josiah Jex, 26 Coenties Slip. Edward B Abbott, 47 Water Street. Henry Weil, 134 Fjjsex Street. Marcellus Massey, 105 P»'arl Street. William T. Blodgett, firm of Wm. Tilden * Nephew. Samuel W. Truslow, " William Wall's Sons. JAMES M. BATBS, Secretary. GEO. C. DA VIES, General Agent, "Western Branch, Cincinnati, Ohio. C. T. HURLBURT^S 437 Broome Street, 2d Door East from Broadway, HomoBopathic Medicines, Vials, Cases, &c. PUBLISHER OF Dr. M. Freligh's Homoeopathic Practice of Medicine; Dr. M. Freligh's Homoeopathic Pocket Compan- ion; and also of the United States Journal of Homoeopathy. 62 H. MEIGS, JR., e Cashier Metropolitan Bank. WM. ALEX. SM T For 16 years a Member of the N. Y. Stock Exchanjfe H. ISEieS, Jr., b SmiTH, U^iK DSiKiia No. 39 William Street, BUY AND SELL, ON COMMISSION, STOCKS^ BONDS, &C.y NEGOTIATE lOANS AND PAPEB, ALLOW INTEREST ON DEPOSITS, Hake Advances on Current Securities consigned to thentfor sale« A long and successful experience in financial affairs justifies them in offering to give useful information to their customers. THEY REFER, BY PERMISSJON, TO THE MCTROPOLITAN BANK . . New York, THE MERCHANTS' BANK Do. MOSES TAYLOR, Esq Do. MESSRS. P. HARMONY'S NEPHEWS k CO Do. THE PHH.ADELPHIA BANK Pbiladelphi*. R. MICKLE, Esq., Cashier Union Bank Baltimoro. J, MITTON, Esq. , Cashier, OflBce Northern Bank, Kentucky Louisrille. MESSRS. KINNEY, ESPY & CO Cincinnati, Ohio. T. P. HANDY, Esq. , President Commercial Branch Bank Cleveland, Ohio. MESSRS. COOLBAUGH & BROOKS Burlington, Iowa, 63 EXPRESS HISTORY. 63 the order explicitly, he handed it to Smith; and in two weeks afterwards there was hardly a hotel, steamboat, or depot in the United States in which was not seen one or more of those large showy flam- ing-red placards, announcing, and keeping before the people, the admirable arrangement which Harn- den & Co. had consummated for the passage of emi- grants from Liverpool to New York, Buffalo, Chi- cago, &c. A thousand or more, also, were conspic- uously posted at the railway stations, and other appropriate places, in England, Ireland, Scotland, and on the Continent. Harnden employed, too, numerous passenger agents in Europe, and used every possible means to make the laboring class — and especially those who could be serviceable in the construction of railroads — appreciate that it was for their interest to come and settle in the Western world. Probably no one man ever did more to make the resources of the West, and the induce- ments to emigrate thither, extensively appreciated in Great Britain than William F. Harnden. After his death, his partners were reproached that in their zeal to obtain passengers, they suffered their foreign agents to over-rate the facilities and rewards of emi- gration; but that charge, whether true or false, was never made against Harnden himself. He knew that the Labor of a country was her most certain source of wealth, and never was this unerring law of political economy more manifest than in tho United States. On the one hand, he saw his native 54 EXPRESS HISTORY. atate of Massachusetts, without either agricultural or mining advantages, made rich by the industry of her sons and daughters; on the other, he beheld im- mense prairies in the Western states and territories yielding no support to man, but ready to fill millions of barns and granaries to overflowing with the abun- dance of the earth, as soon as the hand of labor ehould come to develope their endless resources. It was with the most heartfelt gratification, then, that Harnden realized the entire success of what may be not inaptly called his Foreign Passenger Express. At the close of the year 1844, that small-sized, fra- gile man, whose constitution, never healthy, was now wasted by the consumption which was rapidly measuring the little remnant of life yet left to him, had the satisfaction of knowing that he had been the direct means of bringing from the Old World more than 100,000 hard-handed laborers, and de- positing them in that now magnificent portion ,of our country where their work was most wanted, for the cultivation of the soil, and the construction of railways and canals. He had no bodily strength, himself, for that sublime work which has since made the West an incalculably productive farm, traversed in all directions by over ten thousand miles of rail- road, and affording happy homes to millions of peo- ple; but yet (and it was his consolation in the last hours of his brief, but active and eventful career) he had brought more muscle to that prodigious la- bor than any Hercules among them all. HALLET, DAVIS & GO'S CELEBRATED (IRAIND, PARLOR (iRAND & Siii^ IPilf IIMlFliC ST ICI lIMf . ESTABLISHED BY MYRON SHEW, 1846. A. P. BEECHER, Importer, Mannfaetnrer and Dealer in No. 322 Chesivut Street, Philadelphia^ Pa. Always on hand an extensive and complete assortment of 1 MESTli IT m\ IT FAIR Ai IMSIMBII MIS. The Operator or Amateur can here obtain everything that has been found useful in his practice. as well as all the most approved Chemicals used in the art of Photography. PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS THROUGHOUT, on the lowest terms, Consisting of Cameras, Camera Boxes, Plate-Holders, Copying Frames, Paper of the best makers and most approved, Portrait Frames, Passe Partouts, Embossed Bristol Boards for mounting Photographs, Glass Ware, Gutta Percha Goods, la^g (^€c 9 ^^^i'^od and every article wanted by the Trade or Operator. IMPORTER OF THE CELEBRATED JAMIN CAMERAS. Orders attended to with care and dispatch. 58 ^t ganhcrs' ^agape anlr Statistital ^Ifijistcr, Monthly, Five Dollars per annum. From the Bank of Charleston, S. O. The Bank or Cuaklmton, S. C, Charleston, February 23, 1860. J, Smith Homaks, Esq.. Editor, New-York : Dear Sir.— I have duly received the copy of the "Bankers' Register," for 1S60, for which I am obliged. We have been using the work for several years, and I take pleasure in stating Ihat.l regard it as a very useful and valuable book lo bank oflBcera, and one that I would not dispense with willingly. Yours respectfully, J. Chkesboeough, Cashier. From the Cashier of the New- York State Bank, Albany. Nkw-Yokk Statk Bakk, Albany, February 20, 1860. J. Smito Homaks, Esq.: Dear Sir,— I embrace this opportunity to commend the *' Merchants and Bankers' Register," published annually by yon. It contains, in convenient shape for reference, much desirable statistical and other matter. Judiciously selected and condensed ; the work being thus rendered one whoso merits entitle it to perpetuity. Very respectfully yours, J. H. Vak ANTWBBr, Cashier. From the Merchants* Bank, Providence. Mercuantb' Bank, Providence, February 18, 1880. J. SMirn Homaks, Jr., E?q. : Dear Sir,— I have used the " Merchants and Bankers' Register," published by you, for a number of years, and as a book of reference for most matters connected with the details of the business of a bank officer. I con- sider it almost indispensable. I havo always found it very reliable upon all matters about which I have had occasion to consult it Very respectfully yours, ^______^ C. T. RoBBiKS, Cashier. Agricttltueal Bank. IIerkimeb, N. Y. W© prize the work very highly, and are very desirous of having it complete, that it may be bound and pre- served. The information it contains on the subjects of banking and finance is invaluable to Ihe banker, the merchant and the financier. September, 1850. _ CiiiTTBAt. Bank o» Trot, N. Y., February 6, 1853. J. B. IIoMAifB, Jb. : Dear Sir,— I herewith enclose $1 25 in payment of " Bankers' Register" for 1S5S, received on the 8d inst. It is a work of great value, a»d should bb in thk uak os or kvebt business man and bankbb. Kespecifully yours, John B. Kellogo, Cashisr. From the Cashier of the Bank of North America, Boston. Bank of Nouth America, Boston, December 20th, 1859. The *' Bankers' Magazine " is a periodical which is as essential to bank officers, who mean to keep posted in every thing relating to tliclr duties, as Blackstone to a student at law. I have seen copies of the Magazine which contained the decision of cases which was worth the year's subscription. It Is not possible that every number should contain information wanted by all, and because one may not see tho article that suits his case, or upon which he desires information. It may contain what would suit a dozen others. I undertake to say, that any person who has the work bound to refer to, will find any information he may stand in need of coa- corning banks and banking. Please continue my subscription. Respectfully yours, JoBir K. Hau, Cathie, From Messrs. Hurst & Brobston, Notaries Public, Philadelphia. PuiLADKLFniA, January 81, 18(J0. J. SMirn Homans, Jr., Esq.: Dear Sir,— Please find enclosed fl 25 for the Bankers' Register, received by us some dayc since. The only important omission in this numlwr Is the absence of the alphabetical list of Cashiers, which you furnish in the number of last year. I suppose the changes are not frequent enough to require you to repeat it every year, but we would respectfully suggest that it is loo valuable a part of tour truly taluable book to be entirely omitted. Very respectfully, your obedient servants. Hurst ds Bbobstoh. From the Cashier of the Philadelphia Bank. Philadelphia Bank, Philadelphia, February 11, 1860. J. SMmz Homans, Esq., New-York: Dear Sir.— I felt that we could not afford to lose the " Bankers' Register " for 166i>, so, as it did not reach me early, I send for it. I consider it valuable. Probably it would gratify many who use it, if the legal rate of intcre?t in each State, and the custom and law relative to grace on sight checks and drafts, and the liability of the agent who holds time bills twenty-four hours or more without acceptance, were added to it. Yours respectfully, __________^ B. B. COMIOTS. Bajoe or MoBiLB, February 16, 1860. J. Smith Homans, Esq. : Dear Sir,— I have been a reader of the " Bankers* Magazine" for many years, and take pleasure in recom- mending it as eminently useful (I might almost venture to say indispensable) to bank officers, as well as con- taining many articles of interest and mformation (or business men generally. . Yours very respectfully, '^ J. B. Ganx, Cashier. EXPRESS HISTORY. b'J C. H. Valentine, who adhered to it about two years. Dexter Brigham, Jr., sold out in the meantime. Subsequently, Cooledge and Valentine induced Wheeler to sell his interest to them. In 1850, or about that time, J. M. Thompson, of Springfield, Mass., purchased Valentine's interest; and Johnston Livingston and L. W. Winchester negotiated for the purchase of Cooledge 's. The result of it all was, however, that the Harnden Express between Bos- ton and N^ew York became the property of J. M. Thompson, Johnston Livingston, S. M. Shoemaker, E. S. Sanford, and L. W. Winchester, jointly, under the style of Thompson, Livingston & Co. Winches- ter was constituted manager of the New York of- fice. C. H. Valentine afterwards started an Express at St. Louis, but for a year or two past has resided in this city, as New York superintendent of a large Western and South Western freight forwarding business. In the meantime, Messrs. Brigham, Fenno, and Osgood remained in the foreign business, under the style of Harnden & Co. It is only because it was so styled that we again allude to it, for it was no longer anything more than a banking and commis- sion house. Our old Express friend, Luke Damon, however, was a clerk in their Liverpool counting- room, as late, we believe, as 1849 or '50. In 1851, some ill-advised operations in building and starting a line of steamships between Boston and England, and investments in East Boston stock, crippled 60 EXPRESS HISTORY. them completely, and they were obliged to cave in. The failure was for a very heavy amount, and the dividend to creditors was only nominal. Thompson, Livingston, Sanford, and Shoemaker were all experienced, energetic and shrewd Express managers, and Winchester had been familiar with the office routine and customers of Harnden & Co. for more than seven years. With such a force be- hind it, the Harnden Express once more offered a strong competition to the powerful firm of Adams &Co. In 1851, James De Martin, a merchant in Savan- nah, Ga., became associated with L. W. Winches- ter in a semi-weekly Express between New York and that city, which was dispatched regularly by S. L. Mitchell's steamships. Soon afterwards Johnston Livingston obtained an interest in it, and the firm became Livingston, Winchester & Co. It proved a success, and its operation rapidly extended to Co- lumbus, Macon, Montgomery, &c. Nor has it ceas- ed to grow in usefulness and importance. Shortly afterwards, the Harnden Express propri- etors started an Express between New York and New Orleans and Mobile, by steamships, in opposi- tion to Adams & Co.'s business in that quarter, which had been commenced a year or two before by Stimson & Co. Thompson, Livingston & Co. established agencies in New Orleans, Mobile and Texas, and their Express became very useful to the merchants of the South Western states. W. H. LEE & CO. WARE BOOMS ^..^ 199 FultoD Street, r^ N.Y. J. U. OTTER. WAREROOMS. In connection with their present stock of Cabinet Work, they have in their IVarerooms, ]¥o. 199 Fulton St., X. IT., A general assortment of BEDDING of EVERY DESCRIPTION: also Putnam's Spring Beds, Elliptic Spring Beds, all kinds of Cane Seat Lounges, Settees, Arm Chairs, Ac; Enameled Sets in all colors, Office, Bank and Counting-room Furniture, &c. 60 £3:s::oe3Xj s xo PATENT COHDAGE CO., BROOKLYN, N. Y. The subscribers having been appointed Agents of the EXCELSIOR PATENT CORDAGE CO., (Messrs. J. Atkins A Co. relinquishing the agency from this date,) beg to call attention to the superior quality of Cordage made by this Company. The Patent Machines, of which they have the exclusive control and use, are capable of producing '§ap ai all si^es rquto kx S|ip and other purposes, which, after abundant experience, they confidently recommend as possessing in an eminent degree uniformity of lay, which it retains to the end, perfect flexibility and freedom from kinking) consequently combining the greatest possible STRENGTH AND OURABtUTV IN WEAR. This Rope is now exclusively used on several of the largest lines of European Packet Ships, giving in every instance the best satisfaction. An assortment of the different sizes can always be delivered at short notice, and will be sold at the lowest market price, and on liberal terms. HOWLAND & FROTHINGHAM, 106 Wall Street. 61 EXPRESS HISTORY. 61 The Harnden Express is now regarded as a great institution, in the Southern States, as well as North and East. L. W. "Winchester is the able Superintendent, and Geo. Knower the Cashier, at the New York office: A. Sprague has been for some years the Agent at Boston. THE ADAMS EXPRESS COMPANY. When we consider the vast extension of the Ex- press service, both in area and importance, since the death of Harnden, we cannot but wonder that so gigantic a growth should have sprung from the enterprise and persevering energy of a few men who began the good work, with neither capital nor rich relations, nor high social position to back them. Indeed, more than one of them had not enjoyed even the advantages of a first-rate common school education. Several of the most successful com- menced their business with scarcely a dollar to their names, and all have to congratulate themselves that they have attained to their present standing, not by any adventitious aids, but solely by their own per- sonal talents, united to the most indefatigable appli- cation to the work. The labor has not all been manual, as many imagine; they have performed a 62 EXPRESS HISTORY. great deal of head'-wovk, and the result is a degree of harmony in the operation of the Express service throughout the whole country, notwithstanding the different, and oftentimes apparently opposing, in- terests of the numerous proprietors. Mere executive men could never have brought the business to the prominent and influential posi- tion which it now holds in every considerable com- munity. Fortunately for its early success, it was not retarded by faUing into the hands of persons competent only to run of errands and deliver par- cels. Mind, as well as muscle — mental sagacity, as well as physical energy, were demanded for its development. Alvin Adams, happily, united in his own person both of those characteristics. He had the iron constitu- tion, and the aspect of health, which he had brought with him from his native home among the mountains of Vermont, twenty years before, when he came to Boston, a fatherless and motherless boy, to seek his fortune; and he had, too, the clear head and strong intellect for which the people of the Green Hills are famous. His fifteen or twenty years of experience in Boston, before he started in the Express business with P. B. Burke, had been marked by every variety of fortune, but he had never attained to wealth. Beginning it in the humble situation of an assistant in the Lafayette Hotel, his intelligence, regularity, temperance, and habits of industry speedily secured his promotion, and rendered him an invaluable aid F. C. KEMPTON, SUCCESSOR TO JOHN M. DAVIES & CO., 106 WILI^IAITI STREET, cor. JOHi¥, WILL HAVE AT ALL TIMES A FULL ASSORTMENT OF Htfit's Jfurnisljing §mh, OF THE BEST QUALITIES, AS HOSIERY OF ALL KINDS, SCARFS, CRAVATS AND TIES, ROBES-DE-CHAMBRE, &e. SEEIRTS. Particular attention is given to the manufacture of Jfine 6l)irt0 to ox^tx from Ittcaattre, THE FIT AND "WORKMANSHIP GUARANTEED IN EVERY PARTICULAR. DIRECTIONS FOR MEASUREMENT.— Size around the neck; largest part around chest: length of arm from centre of back to end of wristband; size of wrist; height of person, and wishes as regard9 Collar and st^le of Bosom, &c. All orders by Express Companies promptly attended to. 62 * MADE BY THE AMERICAN WATCH COMPANY, AT WALTHAin, IHaiss. Attention is invited to the following statement and the accompanying letters of recommendation and testimonials in tavor of these celebrated Watches. A Gold Medal was awarded the Company by the American Institute at New York in 1857. The Company also received the first premium — a Gold Medal — from the Franklin Institute. Philadelphia, in 1858. These Watches have now been in market for nearly ten years, during which time they have been tested as to accuracy, durability, and reliability in every conceivable manner, and have proved themselves to be the most satisfactory time-pieces ever offered to the public. This result has been brought about by a strict application of mechauical science in the construction of the Watch from its very inception, rendering it, when finished, mathematically correct in all its proportions, and necessarily as perfect a time-keeper aa it is possible to make. The Company have tested their Watches in many instances by actual daily noting, and the result of this test ha^ been that they have exhitited a rate equal in regularity to the best marine chronometer. N. B. — We have just introduced a new style of Watch, elaborately finished, and thinner than any we have hitherto produced, with several improvements calculated to insure the greatest accuracy of performance, aud to prevent the usual accidents and derangements to which foreign Watches are liable. Letter from Paul Morphy^ the celebrated Chess Player. Nkw YoitK. October 5. 1859. Mr. R. E. RoBBiNs, Treasurer American Watch Co. — Dear Sir : The American Watch, No. 9*240, pre- sented me by the New Y<»rk ChenH Club, has proved to be a most reliable and accurate timekeeper — almost unnecesHarily so for ordinary purpones. It i:i now nearly five months since it came into my poa- sessiou, and during that peiicd itH variation from standard time has been but a tritle more than » quarter of a minute. The following is a record of its performance. It was ^et June 3d correctly: June 15 fast 2 sees. ) July 15 fast 6 sees. I August 15.. fast 9 sees. I Sept. 15 fast 14 sees. July 1 " >> " JAugustl... '• 8 " I .-ept. 1 "12 '• | Oct. 1 •' 16 " I give you permission to make such use of this statement aa you may think proper. I am, with respect, yours truly, hAUL MORPHY. R. E. RoBBihs. Esq., Nkw Havkn. Ct., S pt. *J7. Dear Sir: — Yours of the 23d was duly received. In reply I would say that the American Watch, No. 6939, has proved itself one of the best watches for railway purpo.lement by our Agents. Wm. H. Page, ) Samuel Mowry. j W!W. H. PAGE & CO., GreeneyiUe, Connr 66 AND , vn». 12 Centre «f|., ./r. T*. All orders promptly attended to, and warranted to give perfect satisfaction. LEMUEL W. SERRELL, ^ SOLICITOR OP AlERICAI AND FOREIGN PATENTS, Nos. 119 & 121 Nassau Street, Artisan Bamk Buildings, SHIW 'S'OIEISo Prepares Mechanical Drawings, Specifications, Caveats, Assignments, etc. and transacts all other business connected with obtaining Let- TERS Patent in the United States and Foreign Coun- P^ tries with promptness and dispatch. LEROY W. FAIRCHILD, MANUFACTURER OF AND GOLD PEN AND PENCIL CASES, 133 WII.I.IA1II i$TRECT, NETS^ YORK. 61 EXPRESS HISTORY. 67 ticipated, at the outset, that the Express business would ever attain to the importance that it has; and doubtless that was so; but no one can look upon the intelligent countenance and ample fore- head of Alvin Adams without the conviction, that he had the sagacity to look forward to the realiza- tion of far greater results from the enterprise than any other man. It is difficult to believe that a person of his mental power and business experi- ence would have been contented to adopt for an occupation what appeared then to be only that of a messenger or errand-man, between two cities, had he not expected it to lead to something of more extent and consequence. That he had some such foresight, was probably the reason why he adhered to his enterprise through three or four years of the hardest kind of work and the poorest sort of remu- neration. Brainard, for many years past quite famous as an express-wagon builder in Boston, at that time drove a job-wagon. He says that he used to do the little carting that was then required by Adams, gratis; and even at that, gave him the preference to Leonard, of the Worcester Express. " Not that he loved Leonard less, but Adams more." Leonard, who paid well and was willing to pay more, to induce B. to receive his freight as soon as the steamboat train arrived from Worcester at the Boston Dep6t, and hurry with it down to his office, 68 EXPRESS HISTORY. could never understand why he should insist upon waiting to get out Adams' New York trunk when he acknowledged that it was purely a *' labor of love." The fact is, that it was only one of many evidences that we have seen of the genial influence that Alvin Adams has exercised upon the affection of all who have enjoyed his friendship. At the time of Farnsworth's leaving the firm, Adams & Co.'s clerk in New York was a young man, named William B. Dinsmore, and their office "v^as in the basement for many years past occupied by. Boyd's City Post, in WiUiam Street, near Wall. This was in the latter part of 1841, or early in 1842. Dinsmore was then a young man, without capital, but not without experience. He was born in Boston, and had lived there until two or three years before becoming connected with the Express. He had been in the South a portion of the time, engaged in trading, and still later was employed by David Felt, the stationer, in New York, either as a salesman or book-keeper. In the latter capacity he is said to have excelled. We have many pleas- ant recollections of him in his native city before ho located in New York, and remember well that he was regarded by his associates, and others, as a young man of much wit and humor, and superior mental calibre, as well as physical ability. It appears, that when Farnsworth left, and Dins- more was still a clerk, Adams seriously thought of taking for a partner some man of extensive acquaint- VnVE. T. COLEMAN & CO., 88 Wall Street, New York, ILL ii iSSlii, all prime California and other Securities. Buy and sell Exchange on California, Oregon, and Western Cities. Purchase or Collect, California State, or City of San Francisco Coupons. Grant Letters of Credit available in any part of the United States. Receive money on deposit, and allow interest on special deposits, at such rates as may be agreed upon. Make advances upon approved Merchandise, consigned to our San Fran- cisco house. Fill orders for Staple Goods of all kinds, for the California and Oregon markets, and effect Marine and Fire Insurance in the best offices. Make Mercantile Collections on all the principal points in Oregon and California. &^ Manufacturers and Merchants making sales for Cali- fornia, (or Oregon,) can transmit their Bills of Lading through our house in San Francisco, and have the Invoices paid for on the^'arrival of the goods there; thus giving purchasers full benefit of the usual time on sales, and yet the sellers maintaining control of their property, until paid for. WE ARE AGENTS FOR THE E Dispatching two or three First Class Clippers every month for San Francisco. Orders for Merchandise should be accompanied with a remittance of 20 per cent, on the cost, and for Stocks 10 per cent, on the par. WM. T. COLEMAN & CO., COMMISSION MERCHANTS AND EXCHANGE DEALERS, SAN FRANCISCO ^ NEW YORK. 68 Refer to BANK OP AMERICA, AND AMERICAN EXCHANGE BANK. ttme^^ CElif0rraa Jim NEW YORK TO SAN FRANCISCO, Office 88 Wall Street, Fiiif iLiiS iLiPPEi SUPS, Sailing Regularly and Promptly Twice a Month. Goods forwarded from any part of the country will be received with care and put on board free of commission, and all reasonable freight charges advanced and collected in San Francisco, if desired. Freight Entered at the Lowest Rate. INSURANCE EFFECTED IVHEN DESIRED. All Packap^es should be addressed to W. T. Coleman & Co., N. Y. AGENTS IN SAN FBANCISCO, TV^]Vr. T. COLEMA^N & CO., Corner California and Front Sts. 69 I EXPRESS HISTORY. 69 ance in New York, who had influence with the Bos- ton, Worcester and Norwich hne, which carried his express; but Dinsmore ui^ed his own claims so strenuously, and was in truth so useful in the office, and so competent to take charge of it, that he car- ried the day, and became a member of the firm. It is now some sixteen years since that copart- nership was formed, and the two gentlemen still continue associates in the same business, and in charge of the same offices; ever acting harmoniously, yet with vigor and determination, together. In the outset, and for several years subsequently, Adams & Co.'s business was limited to New York, New London, Norwich, Worcester and Boston. When Dinsmore sought and obtained a partner- ship in Adams & Co.'s Express, he removed his office to No. 7 (now 17) Wall Street. There was nothing in the actual proceeds of the business to encourage him in the undertaking. As far as present com- pensation for his labor was concerned, he would have done better in a clerkship, even in the " hard times" of 1842; but he coincided with his partner's ideas of the prospective importance of the enter- prise, and looked to the future for reimbursement. He knew that " Great oaks from little acorns grow," and recognized in the Express the germ that would put forth and become a goodly tree, and in time cover the land with its branches. The entire business of Adams & Co. was done then 70 EXPRESS HISTORY. by. two or three men and a boy. They were kept pretty busy, it is true, but found it hard to pay ex- penses, even with the most rigid economy. Up to 1843, their affairs had not prospered much, nor had business in general materially improved; but, fortunately for them, Harnden & Co., about that time, became so engrossed with the extension of their European operations as somewhat to neg- lect their home Express, and as an inevitable re- sult disaffected some good customers, who on that account gave their parcels to Adams & Co. The latter improved the opportunity to redouble their persevering efforts to secure success. The two Ex- presses were now supplied with horses and wagons. In the fall of 1843, Samuel L. Woodard (formerly ^ stage-man for Col. Staples, from Keene and Fitch- burg to Worcester,) became the driver of Adams & Co.'s Boston wagon, although he was probably worth more money at that time than his employers; and he has continued in that capacity ever since, one of the most faithful, kind-hearted, agreeable, tmd industrious of men; always on hand early and late, and ready for any emergency. Then, an Ex- press driver was as valuable and important as ever the stageman had been in his palmy days, and to his efforts in "bucking for freight '^ his employers were indebted for a very considerable amount of their patronage. Woodard had a clear head, a round, cheerful happy face, a plump person, and a frank, hearty manner, united to a due degree of the CLERK, GREEN & BAKER, Successors to J. & T. "WARRIN, MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF AND '" TMIIl i MRT DEBIPTION J Which they offer to the Trade on favorable terms. C, G. & B. having erected a building on Canton Street, Brooklyn, are now enabled to execute Orders of any magnitude for Fish Hooks, Spears, CRISTADORO'S HAIR DYE! WIGS! HAIR DYE! stands alone and unapproachable in the manufacture of the above-mentioned articles* His Orioin.vl Excelsior Liquid HAIR DYE is the very best in the World; it being com- posed of harmless and vegetable substances, does not burn nor destroy the texture of the Hair, nor blacken nor blister the skin, as is too often the case by using the base and deleterious imitations palmed oflF on the public. His WIGS and TOUPEES are made on entirely new principles, which imitate nuture; they are durable, comfortable, and perfectly easy to the wearer; also his World Renowned Hair Preservative and Beautifier, the best Cosmetic for Invigorat- ing, Softening and perpetuating the Human Hair. The Dye is applied, and the Wigs fitted in private apartments, and sold, whole- sale and retail, at the manufactory, No. 6 Astor Hou.se, Broadway, New York. NOTICE TO EXPREISS AGEIVT8. Prompt attention will be given to orders to forward the above, with bills to col- lect on delivery. The Editor of this Work can fully recommemd Cristadorv's Hair Dye, as equal, if not luptrior, to any in the World. 78 EXPRESS HISTORY. 73 & Go's Railroad and Steamer Express, to New York. Henry B. Plant, (now the indefatigable and excellent Superintendent of the Southern Di- vision,) was Webb's partner at that time, in mer- cantile business. Peregrine Turner, the estima- ble Agent at New London for many years, form- erly had an Express of his own. E. A. Johnson, Gabriel Brush, and W. L. Crane, (now Manager of the New York Department of the New Haven Line,) were early engaged upon the Connecticut division. Hardy served as Messenger. In 1850 or '51, Adams & Co. arranged to send their money and small packages over the New York and New Haven Railroad, then just com- pleted, paying $1,700 per month for the space occupied by them in a car on the express train. In November, 1854, H. B. Plant went to Augusta, Ga., to act as Superintendent of the Harnden Ex- press. Subsequently he took the charge of the routes laid out by Clapp Spooner, a Director in the Adams Express Company, and established agencies at all practicable stations in South Caro- lina, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee and Louisiana. In the latter State, the business started in 1850 by John K. & A. L. Stimson, under the style of Stimson & Co^s New Orleans and Mobile Express, had passed into the hands of Adams & Co. This, too, was the case with the thriving Charleston Ex- press of Hoey & Co., (John Hoey and John K. 74 EXPRESS HISTORY Stimson.) By these accessions to its strength in the South, and still more by the creation of new railroads, and its enterprising and efficient man- agement in that quarter, the Adams Express, like the Harnden, is doing an immense and constantly increasing service, there. In the West, also, where Alfred Gaither is Su^ perintendent, the Adams Express is doing an ex* tensive and prosperous business. C. Woodward, the smart and assiduous Agent at Cincinnati, (Gai- ther's headquarters,) was formerly located at In- dianapoUs. Rhodes is still connected with the Pittsburgh office. One of the best men in the business is Col. John Bingham, Superintendent of the Pennsylva- nia Division. Geo. H. Burns, early employed in the Philadelphia office, is now Agent at Washing- ton, D. C. The Superintendent of the South-eastern Divis- ion, S. M. Shoemaker, is a Director and large Stockholder. E. W. Parsons, Superintendent of the Eastern Division, is indefatigable in his attention to his duties, and is universally esteemed. The very able and popular cashier, and corre- sponding clerk, in the New York office, J. C. Bab- cock, was formerly a boJik, cashier. Hiram Dixoa is still book-keeper. .,'?;': R. P. McCullagh, Superintendent of the Phila- AMERICAN GUANO, FROM JARVIS & BAKEE'S ISLANDS, IN THE SOUTH FJlCIFIC 0€EA1, Under the protectioa of the U. S. Government. IMPORTED BY THE No. 66 William Street, This Guano, far superior to any other Fertilizer known, and of permanent value to the soil, is sold in LARGE or SMALL quantities at the Company's office, at full FOfiTT PER CENT. LESS THAN PERUVIAN GUANO. This Ga&no feeds, but does not stimulate to excess the roots of plants, and they are thereby enabled to withstand the effects of drought to a greater degree, than by the use of any other Fertilizer known ; its application will insure wonderful crops of Cotton, Corn, Wheat, Rye, Oats, Grass, Tobacco, Vegetables, &c. For full particulars and Pamphlets, address, AMERICAN GUANO CO., Wo. 66 WTT.T.T/IM STREET, XV. X. 74 THOMi^S DAVIS, (FROM LONDON,) MANUFACTURER AND INSERTER OF THE IMIPROVED ARTIFICIAL HUMAN ¥ * Has had extensive Practice in the various Eye Insti- tutions in Europe, and is now supplying the New York Eye Infirmary, Second Avenue, corner of 13th Street. Office, 463 Broadway, New York, Where person's deprived of an Eye can be suppUed with an Artificial one, having all the movements and color of the Natural Eye. N. B. Supefior lo anyttiini of the kind made in Europe. fS EXPRESS HISTORY. 75 delphia office, has had the advantage of many years' experience, and is liighly esteemed for the judicious and thorough manner in which he has always dis- charged his laborious and responsible duties. He is every inch a gentleman, and invaluable to the Company. E. S. Sanford is General Superintendent of all the routes of the Adams Express Company. E. Coleman and Harry Gorman, also Messrs. Heath, Lambertson, Bell, Piers, and McKeever, (the latter now Agent at New Orleans,) are old expressmen. Alvin Adams, the father of this great institu- tion, preferring the quiet city of Boston, where he has resided for 30 years or more, remains in charge of the operations and office at that original fountain-head of the business, where he is assisted by his two sons, Alvin, Jr., and Waldo; also Rich- ardson, (who was a pioneer in " expressing'^ away down East, where the sun rises,) and several other just such men as every large office ought to have in its employ. On the first of July, 1854, by the voluntary action of the four or five partners, Adams & Co's rapidly-extending business became the property of some 30 or 40 gentlemen in different sections of the country, under the style of the Adams Ex- press Company. Its capital stock is in 15,000 W EXPRESS HISTORY. shares. Its present organization (June, I860,) is as follows: President — Wm. B. Dinsmore, of New York; Vice-President — Edwards S. Sanford, of Phila.; Secretary — James M. Thompson, of Springfield, Mass.; Managers — Johnston Livingston, W. B. Dinsmore, J. M. Thompson, E. S. Sanford, S. M. Shoemaker, R. B. Kinsley, Clapp Spooner, Alfred Gaither, and John Bingham. KINSLEY & GO'S EXPRESS. This was one of the pioneer institutions, and for the able and thorough manner in which it is stall conducted, is worthy of honorable mention. It was begun in 1842 by James Gay and E. Littlefield, of Boston. R. B. Kinsley afterwards became the senior partner. Their first trip on the Fall River Line, ever since used by them, was in May, 1847/)fh vr :ii'oThat route has always been a popular one, and the Express equally so, both East and South, to which they have now extended. The New York, Philadelphia, and Boston offices are well-manned. E. Littlefield has had charge of the New York department many years. CONOVER & WOOLLEY, 368 CANAI. STREET, Manufacturers and Dealers in every variety of Plain Black Enameled, Electro- Bronzed, and German Silver, Parlor, Office, and Chamber Conover & Woolley have add- ed a number of new and very elegant patterns of GRATES to their already large assortment, and continue to manufacture all styles of German Silver. Electro- Bronzed, Hard and Soft Coal Grates, to order, at short notice; also Grates for Burning Wood. Having been brought up to the business and conducted it at their present location for seventeen years past on their own account, which gives them large experi- ence, they feel confident of givlni? as good work and at as rea-onal le prices as any house in the busi- ness in the country. Purchasers are invited to call and examine their a-ssortmcnt before making their purchases elsewhere. FIRST PREMIUM mwm Corner Reade and Hudson Streets, Storekeepers in want of Show-Cases of any description, will find at this establish- ment a large assortment, consisting of Which, for beauty of style and elegance of finish, are unrivaled by any other estab- lishment in the world. SILVER-PLATED STORE WIIOWS MADE TO ORDER. Show-Cases packed and shipped with care. Orders by mail, with city reference; promptly attended to. 76 Importers and Manufacturers of TAILORS' TRIMMINGS, No. 7 Mercer Street, (FOOT OF HOWARD, FRONTING BROADWAY,) «k^^ ^®^^e Express Agents arc requested to call the atteution of Tailors to this advertisement. H. S. CHAMBERLAIN Would inform his friends and the public, that he has constantly on hand a supply of Carriages, ^uggits ^ ^kigljs, Which he offers for sale as low (and as good) ylS ANY OTHER ESTABLISHMENT OF THE KIND. AU KtKOS or WORK MADE TO OROER» Repairing promptly attended to, and on reasonable terms. The subscriber hopes, by prompt attention to business, to meet a share of public patronage. N. B. The best quality of Express Wagons constantly on hand. Corner of Mohawk and Pearl Streets, BUFFALO, N. Y. 77 EXPRESS HISTORY. 77 THE AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY. In 1841, Henry Wells, at that time, or a little earlier, Agent of Harnden at Albany, suggested to George Pomeroy, a Western Freight and Passen- ger Forwarder, that it would pay to start an Ex- press from Albany to Buffalo. The hint was ta- ken, and Pomeroy made three trips; acting as his own messenger, but never serving again in that capacity. His Express had been relinquished for some time, when Crawford Livingston proposed to Henry Wells that they should join him in re- suming the enterprise. Wells consented, and Pomeroy & Go's Albany and Buffalo Express was established upon an enduring foundation. Its transportation at that time (1841) was by Rail- road to Auburn; thence by stage, 25 miles, to Gen- eva; thence by Auburn and Rochester R. R. to Rochester; thence to Lockport, 60 miles, by stage; thence to Buffalo, 30 miles, by private conveyance; and also from Rochester to Batavia, 34 miles, by Tonawanda R. R. ; and thence to Buffalo, 40 miles, by stage. The trip was made once a week, and occupied four nights and three days. It is now accomplished in about eleven hours each way. The Mohawk and Hudson R. R., the Utica and Schenectady R. R., the Syracuse and Utica R. R., 78' EXPRESS HISTORY. the Auburn and Syracuse R. R., all had been in operation about a year. The Rochester and Au- burn R. R. and the Tonawanda R. R. were only partially built; the Attica and Buffalo R .R. had not been begun. These seven railways now com- pose the great New York Central Railroad, from Albany to Buffalo, under the management of that experienced, wise, and famous Railroad President, Erastus Corning. Wells served his firm as messenger for about 1 8 months, and he informs us that during one year he never missed a trip. In every instance, he paid his fare, and for extra baggage; like any other passenger: say $15 from Albany to Buffalo. In 1842 he carried all his valuable parcels in a carpet-bag. In 1843 the trips were made daily, but it was up-hill work, and one large trunk served to hold all his freight. It was a growing trunk, however, and increased in inches from time to time, until it provoked from a railroad superin- tendent, once, the exclamation, that ''of all the wonderful growths which he had seen in the West, none equalled Wells' trunk .'" The manufacture of all the trunks now used by his Company would keep one establishment busy all the while. In 1842 or '43 the Special Agent of the U. S. Mail Department made overtures to Pomeroy & Co. to do their business by that me- dium, but they declined. PATENT DIRECT AffiG RIM!, Lit T iD MM PiP. The only Pump which is adapted to all purposes of pump- ing from the Well or Cistern to the Steam Fire Engine. Its ingenious arrangement avoids the necessity of using Leather or India-rubber Packing, Yalves, Springs, or other delicate parts liable to become disarranged or to require renewal. Manufactured by the Pishkill Landing Machine Com- pany, New York. For further information, address SAMUEL B. LEACH, 23 Piatt St., N. 7. To whom all orders for Pumpa should be addressed. •78 p. B. MINGLE t, CO., AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS, Wliolesale and Retail, No. 103 Market St. and No. 4 North Front St., PHILADELPHIA. Our business being confined exclufcively to Seeds, and our facilities unequalled by those of any other house in the Country, we are prepared to supply all orders for on the most liberal terms. We give special attention to (Wohr, ®ima%, JerJr aiilr §xt\wc)s §rass Sttbs, and can furnish every variety of Grass Seeds, in large or small quantities, and of the very best quality. We have also constantly on hand a large and superior stock of Garden Seeds, comprising every article in the Vegetable line. As our stock is renew- ed fresh every year, we cannot but give satisfaction in these articles; we sell no old Garden Seeds. Our arrangements with European Houses enable us to furnish mPOKTEB WHE JlTS, of the finest quality, and warranted true to name and description We refer to the many persons who have purchased Imported Wheats from us during the past ten years, and respectfully invite the attention of Agriculturists who are desirous of introducing the best Foreign Wheats, to our large and very superior stock. Orders by mail will receive prompt attention, and prices will always conform to the lowest market rates. F. B. XmNGLS &. CO., No. lOMlBKST STREET aod No. 4 NOBTI FBUNT STREET, FMladeiphia, Pa. 79 EXPRESS HISTORY. T9 Pomeroy & Co. then commenced running a river express, and had for competitors Pullen & Copp. This continued only a few months, when P. & C. gave up the Albany and Western business, and took the Troy and Northern route, acting as Pom- eroy & Co.'s messengers on the river, as it was en- tirely convenient for them to do so. It was in this service that Copp was robbed of his trunk contain- ing $64,000 of money and $500,000 of registered notes, not yet signed by the bankers. The history of that remarkable robbery, and the still more sin- gular recovery of it, is one of the most interesting chapters in express experience, and it will be found in a subsequent part of this work. In the course of a year or two, the style oi " Pomeroy & Co.'^ was altered to Livingston, Wells & Pomeroy, and again to Livingston, Wells & Co., when Pomeroy retired from the business. The second opposition Express on that route was put on in 1843, by Bailey & Howard, of whom we shall speak more fully in our history of N. G. How- ard. It was abandoned after a few weeks' trial. Bailey & Jacobs next put on an Express, but Ja- cobs getting into some trouble with Her British Majesty's officers of the Customs, in Canada, went away; we don't know where, only that after that trip up, he never made another, and the "line" was discontinued. The most important fact in Livingston, Wells & Co.'s history in the year prior to the memorable re- 80 EXPRESS HISTORY. duction in postage by a law of Congress, was the establishment of their Letter Express between New York and Buffalo. The Post Office was then charg- ing 25 cents for a single letter between these places. Livingston, Wells & Co., at the suggestion of Henry Wells, advertised to carry a single letter for six cents, or they would sell twenty stamps for one dollar. This enterprise, in defiance of the Gov- ernment's assumed prerogative to monopolize the conveyance of letters, caused great excitement in the West. Public meetings were called, and reso- lutions passed by the merchants and citizens gen- erally, not to send or receive letters by mail to or from any points where expresses run, until there was a reduction in U. S. postage rates. Livingston, Wells & Co.'s Letter Express was, of course, warmly approved and largely patronized by the public, greatly to the chagrin of the Postmaster General. On the 1st day of April, 1845, the Western Ex- press from Buffalo to Cincinnati, St. Louis, Chicago, and intermediate points, was commenced by Henry Wells, Wm. G. Fargo, and another person, under the style of Wells & Co. There were then no Rail- road facilities west of Buffalo, and Fargo, who had charge of the business, made use of only steamboats and wagons. Wm. G. Fargo, a native of Ononda- ga Co., in this State, had been in the employ of the Auburn and Syracuse Railroad for a year or two, when he entered into the service of Livingston, Wells & Co., as messenger, in which capacity he THOMAS H. DODGE, rri|Mrn AND OFFICE ON SEVENTH STREET, Nearly opposite the Patent and 1 . Post Office Departments. ) VVASHIfiiTOli United States Patent Ofhce, JVbvember 3, 1858. SIR: I have received with emotions of unmingled sorrow your letter of yesterday resigning the office of Examiner, the duties of which you have for years discharged with such distinguished honor to yourself and advan- tage to the public interests. It would have been to me a source of high gratification could I have enjoyed for the future that zealous support which you have so kindly afforded me iu the past. While, however, I feel that your retirement will be a severe loss to the service, as it will be a personal affliction to myself, I cannot be insensible to the weight of the considera- tions which have determined you to seek another and more attractive field of labor. I shall ever recall, with the liveliest satisfaction, the pleasant social and official relations which have marked our intercourse ; and in ac- cepting your resignation I beg to offer you my heartfelt thanks, alike for your personal friendship, and for the high-toned, loyal, and most effective co-operatioD which, in the midst of circumstances of difficulty and embar- rassment, you have constantly extended to me in the administration of this office. In whichever of the varied paths of life it may be your fortune to tread, be assured that you will bear with you my warmest wishes for your success and happiness. Most sincerely, your friend, J. HOLT. Mr. Thomas H. Dodge. 80 AMERICAN AND FOREIGN PATENTS PROCURED, CAVEATS FILED, OBTILID, INTERFERENCES And all business pertaining to PATENTS transacted by m D H o 4 s ° o ^ o O Books of information concerning Patent business sent free, on application. 81 EXPRESS HISTORY. 81 gave great satisfaction, because of his fidelity, en- ergy, good judgment and perseverance under dis- couragements. He was just the man, Henry Wells thought, to overcome the difficulties in the way of establishing a remunerative express business in that untrodden field west of Buffalo. Nor was he des- tined to be disappointed. Fargo worked with ex- traordinary force, industry and tact to accomplish what has proved to have been "his mission," and after some years of persevering effort he succeeded in founding a western express upon a permanent basis. The Letter Express, started by Henry Wells in connection with that of James W. Hale, between New York and Boston, now extended from Chicago, HI., to Bangor, Me. The Government used every means to break it up. At Utica, its officers arrest- ed Wells & Co.'s messengers, daily; but in every instance citizens stood ready with bail-bonds filled out and executed, so that they were enabled to go on with their letter bags without losing a trip. At Buffalo and Rochester, the entire letter mail over the express route was sent by Wells & Co. Offi- cers were upon the track at every point, seeking to thwart the enterprise; suits were instituted against it in various parts of the country, and the Govern- ment was defeated in every case. The conveyance of letters at one-quarter the price charged by the Government, was the most profita- ble part of the Express business; and Henry Wells (speaking for himself and several responsible gen- 82 EXPRESS HISTORY. tleuien who were desirous of co-operating with him in this matter,) made a proposal to Major Hobbie, the First Assistant Postmaster General, to take the entire Mail service of the United States, including the delivery, at the rate of five cents per letter. ** Zounds, sirT replied that energetic and invalua- ble official. " It would throw 16,000 Postmasters out of officer That was so: and what would the Ad- ministration do without its 16,000 Postmasters? They constituted too important an element of party strength to be set aside by any postage reform movement. Of course, Wells's proposition was per- emptorily rejected; but the very resolute and prac- tical opposition which he and Hale, and Harnden, and others had initiated against the U. S. postage rates, was so generally sustained by the people in all sections of the country, that Congress was com- pelled to pass a law at its next session, reducing the rates of postage to about one-fourth of what they had been, though not quite as low as at present. Thus the country owes to the men whom we have named, and to the Express Companies, one of the most important reforms that the mercantile world has ever experienced. As soon as it was accom- plished. Hale, and Wells & Co., and the rest, relin- quished their entirely triumphant competition with the Post Office Department, and, thanks to the light which their demonstration threw upon the cost of carrying the mails ! they have had no occasion to resume it; at least, not in the Atlantic States. In I DEAKYNE & HOWE, COMMISSION DEALERS IN GRAIN, FRUITS, POULTRY, BUTTER, EGGS, AND ALL KINDS OF No. 64 North Water Street, PHILADELPHIA, John Y. Deakyne, Wm. B. Howe. Consignments solicited and promptly attended to. Goods Ship- ped to order to any part of the United States. REFERENCE : J. S. Bewley & Co., 326 South Delaware Avenue. Tflos. Shaw, Jr., 242 S. Broad Street. E. B. Cook, Pritts & Co., 6 Yesey Street, Pier 283 West Wash- ington Market, New York. Oliver N. Shannon, Boston Wharf, Boston. R. H. Ware, 68 S. Town Street, Columbus, 0. E. W. Stearns, Freight Agent, 9th and Green Sts., Philadelphia, 82 GENERAL Commission ^n't|ants, AND DEALERS IN Jersey, Pennsjilifania, Easleni, Wedem and Soiem [p[gi®ii](gip No. 2 North Water Street, Philadelphia. A MOST EXTENSIVE ASSORTMENT OP THE BEST by the barrel or hundred, greened and ungreened, with and without Vinegar; Pickles in Yinegar warranted to keep any desired length of time. Particular attention paid to all orders for any of the above goods; also, for FM, OYSTERS, FOREIGN MD DOMTIC FRIM, ITS, &C,f &Q,y &C. N. B. Oysters in Cans, put up in the best manner. GEO, MASON, the Original Piokle Merchant. JAMES ELY, formerly of Easton, Pa. 83 EXPRESS HISTORY. 8S California, before Uncle Sam had any mail routes; the Expresses performed similar service, until at length post roads being established by Government, though very inefficiently, the Expressmen were harassed by prosecutions, &c., by the Post Office Agent, into abandoning it there also. Still, it is a very common thing for people to put the Govern- ment ten cent stamps upon their California letters, to satisfy the law, and then pay an Express for the conveyance; and this they do because they have more confidence in the express than they have in the post-office delivery. The simple truth is, that the carrying of letters ought not to be a Govern- ment monopoly, but every person should have the privilege of sending his letters by any one who is willing to convey them. If that liberty existed, undoubtedly the most of all the letters, &c., usually mailed, would go by Express. At the time of the postage reform, exchange in Chicago upon New York was from I5 to 3 per cent.; in Cincinnati it was from 1 to 2 per cent.; in Buf- falo, from 1 to I2 per cent. The establishment of responsible Express Companies immediately reduc- ed the rates of exchange to a little over the mere cost of transporting specie, thus saving millions a year to the commercial community, and obviating the necessity of continuing the United States Bank, which had been the regulator for many years pre- vious. The firm of Livingston, Wells & Co, was con- 84 EXPRESS HISTORY. tinued until the latter part of 1846. Just prior to that, Henry Wells sold out his interest in the West- ern Express to Wm. A. Livingston, and that con- cern assumed the style which it still holds, viz., Livingston & Fargo. Wells then removed to New- York, to assist his partner, Crawford Livingston, in the management of Livingston, Wells & Co.'s Express, the business of which, in this city, had very much increased. Wm. A. Livingston acted as their agent in Albany, and has served in that ca- pacity (with a proprietary interest at a later period, we believe,) ever since. In 1846, or thereabouts, Livingston, Wells & Co. commenced their European Express, and establish- ed offices at London and Paris. About that time a concern called "Henry & Co.'s Express," was started upon the Albany and Buffalo route, paying, like L., W. & Co., $100 per day for railroad facilities. If our recollection serves us, this new enterprise was abandoned after the first few trips. The expense was too heavy. Then another opposition was put on by Green & Co., a Baltimore firm, who run it six months, and having sunk sixty thousand dollars, gave it up as a bad job. The fact was, that two harder men to con- tend with could not have been found than Henry Wells and Crawford Livingston. The former has "made himself," and it requires no praise at our hands to add to his reputation. The latter was known only in the earher phases of the business, C. DONAT, Nos. 66 and 68 North Water Street, COMMISSIOIV MERCHAPfT, AND WHOLESALE! DEALER IN AI>I>IIS, Fl AC^IS, FIT OTIIS. BEANS, BERRiESglDRIED FRUITS, m^ lit i, nis, raiLf if , Butter, Eggs, Cranberries, &c., &c. All kinds and varieties of Country Produce received and sold on Commis- sion. Consignments respectfully solicited. Orders for Shipment of Produce to any part of the United States promptly attended to. REFERENCES: J. PRICE WETHERILL, HAGEN & BOYD, C. C. BABBIT. 84 SHEFFIELD & DAVIS, WHOLESALE DEALERS IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC mm & §mm mmi IMXTTPJS, dE30., No. 236 Washijvgton Street, Between Barclay and Bobinson Streets, We are constantly prepared to furnish to the Trade all articles in the Fruit line, in their season. By long and thorou^ experience in the business, we are enabled to give our customers the full advantage of the market. All kinds of Country Produce Sold on Commission. 85 EXPRESS HISTORY. 85 but we have often heard the highest encomiums of his wisdom, abiUty and enterprise as an Express proprietor. Crawford Livingston died in 1847, at his father ^s residence in Livingston, Columbia Co., in this, his native state. Like Harnden's, his disease was con- sumption, (a fell-destroyer of many Expressmen,) and he was about the same age at his death, viz., 34 years. It was his last request, that his partner should allow his interest in the Express to continue for the benefit of his widow and cliildren; and with this Henry Wells religiously complied, but the style of the firm was changed to Wells & Co. Its office at that time, and long afterwards, was at 10 Wall Street, in a block of buildings then occupied by the principal expresses, but which was removed some years ago to make way for modern improvements. Wells, himself, was out of health, when, by the premature decease of his excellent partner, all the labor of conducting their constantly enlarging ex- press operations devolved upon him. Still, he gen- erously continued the Livingston interest for the benefit of the family of the deceased, until 1848, when Mrs. L. voluntarily withdrew it. Shortly af- terwards, Johnston Livingston and Edward C. Wins- low each purchased a one-third interest in Wells' Express, and the style of Wells & Co. was pre- served. Winslow died in 1849. In the fall of that year a formidable opposition Express was started over the New York Central 85 EXPRESS HISTORY. R. R. by Butterfield, Wasson & Co. It was a joint- stock concern, with a capital of $50,000. John Butterfield, who was at the head of it, was no mean competitor. Like one or more of our railroad presi- dents, he had been a stage-driver in his younger days, and a very popular one he was, too. Before long he became a stage-owner, and at length the sole proprietor of all the principal lines in the cen- tre of this state. In 1849, he was engaged in the transportation of freight across the Isthmus of Pan- ama. He was the projector of the Morse Telegraph Line between New York and Buffalo, and, after building the line by contract, put it into successful operation. Enlisting others with him, he founded a splendid line of large and commodious steamers on Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. In 1848 or '49, he projected the joint-stock Express Company, before mentioned. Wasson, who was associated with him in this enterprise, had formerly been a stage proprietor, but was then Postmaster at Albany. Early in 1850, negotiations were entered into by Wells & Co., Livingston & Fargo, and Butter- field, Wasson & Co., for the consolidation of the three into one grand line. The result was, that the property and good will of W. & Co. were put in at a valuation of $50,000, and those of L. & F. at $50,000: Butterfield, Wasson & Co. put in theirs at $25,000, and made up the difference in cash. Two firms were then made of the three, viz: "Wells, ROSEISTD^LE f MANUFACTURED AT THE EXTENSIVE WORKS OF THE SUBSCRIBERS, WHOSE QUARRIES ARE SITUATED IN THE f iWi m iiiiieiLE. ULSTER COUNTY, STATE OF NEW YORK, ON THE LINE OF THE DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL. This Cement possesses superior hydraulic properties ; it has been thoroughly examined and tested by order of the Government of the United States, and is extensively used in the Fortifications and other principal Public Works of the Country. THE OFFICE OF THE MANUFACTURERS IS AT No, 104 Wall Street, New York, WHERE ORDERS WILL BE RECEIVED. DELAFIELD & BAXTER. 86 GMJRlSrEY'S NEW PHOTOGRAPHIC AND FINE ART First Block below the New York Hotel, ITS W 1"®MM.< ESTABLISHED 1840. The particular styles of pictures which Messrs. GURNEY & SON are now producing are as follows : PHOTOGRAPHS, of all sizes, from Miniature to Life size, finished in Oil, Pastel, Water Colors, India Ink, and Crayon, by a corps of talented Artists. IMPERIAL, retouched and Plain Photographs. MINIATURES IN OIL, for Beauty, Delicacy, and Finish, are unequalled. IVORYTYPES,— This new and beautiful style of portraiture (first introduced by Mr. J. Gurney, in New York, and made only at this establishment,) has all the correctness of a plain Photograph, combined with the finish of the most delicate Miniature on Ivory. DAGUERREOTYPES, in the usual artistic styles. PHOTOGRAPHIC VISITING CARDS.-The Ladies especially are requested to call and examine this unique and beautiful style of Visiting Card, the same as now used by the upper circles of society, and is the mode in Paris and London. It is also the most convenient style of Portraiture for the exchange of likeness with friends residing in distant parts, as it is of a convenient size to be inclosed in any ordinary envelope, safely to any part of the world. STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES.— Messrs. Gurney & Son are now prepared to give their attention to making groups of Families, or single persons, at the Gal- lery, or by appointment, to visit private residences, having everything suitably arranged for making groups in the Parlor or Garden. Views of Buildings, Ani- mals, Statuary, or in fact anything in the Stereoscopic line of picture, can be ex- ecuted in the most truthful manner, to suit the most fastidious. N. B. — Old Daguerreotypes of Deceased Persons can be copied by the Photographic process, enlarged to any size, and colored in any style equal to those made from life- The largest collection of Photographs of Statesmen, Divines, Poets, Literary and Military Men, to be seen in the world. Also, on exhibition, the largest collection of Testimonials ever awarded any Artist for Photographic productions. PERFECT SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. Gallery open from 8 A.M. till 9 P.M. for the free inspection of the Public. J. GURNEY & SON, Photographic Artists, TOT BROADWAY, N* Y. 81 EXPRESS HISTORY. 87 Butterfield & Co.," and *' Livingston, Fargo & Co.," but comprised in a joint-stock concern, under the style of " The American Express Company." It was stipulated that this arrangement should last ten years. Henry Wells, then absent in Europe, was elected President of the new Company, and he still serves in that capacity. At the same time, Wm. G. Fargo, of Buffalo, was elected Secretary; John Butterfield, of Utica, Line Superintendent; and Al- exander Holland, of Schenectady, Treasurer. The latter (a son-in-law of John Butterfield,) was ap- pointed New York Agent, and the duties of this important, responsible, and laborious office, as well as those of the treasuryship, he has discharged for about eight years past with excellent judgment and the most exemplary fidelity. It would be hard to find a more unselfish, true and manly person than Alexander Holland. T. B. Marsh was a very use- ful man in the Buffalo office. James C. Fargo, Agent at Chicago, and General Superintendent of the Northwestern Division, has been from its com- mencement a very valuable aid to the able men already mentioned. From intimate personal knowl- edge, we can speak of him as a thorough gentle- man, and in every respect fitted to conduct an ex- tensive business. Indeed, the Fargos are pre-emi- nently an Express family. Charles Fargo, the very popular Agent and Assistant Superintendent at Detroit, is the proprietor of the Lake Superior Ex- press, which he started about six years ago. Chas. 88 EXPRESS HISTORY. S. Higgins, also, General Superintendent of the Southwestern Division, has distinguished himself as an Express manager. Other prominent and invalu- able agents for some years past, are W. B. Peck, at Buffalo, Dr. Arnett, at Suspension Bridge, A. Seymour, at Geneva, Maj. Doty, at Auburn, and L. B. Van Dake, at Rochester. In 1852, Henry Wells, Wm. G. Fargo and oth- ers, projected Wells, Fargo & Co.'s California Ex- press, of which we shall speak more, fully by and by. In that or the following year. Wells, Butter- field & Co. removed the New York Office of the American Express to the spacious and convenient store, No. 62 Broadway, where they remained un- til the completion of their present stately edifice in Hudson Street. In the meantime, the Bank exchanges performed by the Company between St. Louis, Cincinnati, Chicago, Detroit, Buffalo, Albany, New York, and intermediate points, had become in itself an im- mense business. The parcel and freight Express, also, had increased a hundred fold within ten years. Early in 1854, another powerful opposition Ex- press suddenly started into existence, and astonish- ed Broadway with its turnout of fine horses and beautiful vermiHon-red wagons, with the name in elegant letters on the sides, '* United States Express Company." This was not the Express which bears that name at the present day. Its projectors were Charles Backus, Hamilton Spencer, and Henry HALL & WALDRON, MANUFACTURERS OF LANTERNS SPcu±LCuLa.6 aiteiitLon. QLiieii ta j£aiitcinA. fai. Stall M.aad and ^xJLiieM. liuAiiieAA. LANTERNS DECORATED AND MARKED TO ORDER. No. 78 Maiden Lane, C. M. ALEXANDER, i®^ISIf ©1 ©I Mf SIf S AND ATTORNEY AT PATENT LAW, Office 449 Seventh Street, between IP and £ Sts., W^ Advice given respecting infringements and validity of Patents. STIGER, RANDOLPH & CO., €0MMIiM01 MEMHAITS, AND DEALERS IN Grain, Flour, Feed, Meal, &Ci, No. 100 WEST STREET, JNO. S. STIGER, A. R. RANDOLPH SIOLER STIGER 88 S^©^^^DB^©. THE SUBSCRIBERS ARE PREPARED TO EXECUTE ALL KINDS OP AND u^xuvin^ 0n^oo^ Promptly and in the best style of the art, upon the most reasonable terms. All kinds of Book Illustrations, Yiews of Buildinj^s, Machinery, Landscapes, &c. Portraits, Animals, Societies' Seals, Druggists' Labels, Newspaper Heads, Maga- zine Covers, Bill Heads, Tobacco and other Stamps. Illustrations for Catalogues. MANUFACTURERS OF . ILLUMINATED ENVELOPES. Orders for Electrotyping, Stereotyping, &c., promptly attended to. N. ORH & CO., 52 John Street, New York Citf. 89 EXPRESS HISTORY. 89 D wight, who, with the aid of others, had made it a joint-stock Company, with a nominal capital of half a million of dollars. Without making any money themselves, it was in the power of the new associ- ates to inflict great injury to the established Ex- press, and this fact led to an amicable and judicious arrangement between the old and the new Com- pany, by means of which the latter was merged in the former; its proprietors becoming stockholders in the American Express Company, which created a new stock at that time, July, 1854, and increased its capital to $750,000. In the month of Septem- ber, 1855, the American Express Co. were robbed of $50,000. It belonged to the Government, and v/as promptly made good by the Company. The particulars will be given in another part of this work. The Company now make use of an office. No. 64 Broadway, but in July, 1858, they removed the bulk of their N. Y. business to their new white mar- ble building, at the corner of Hudson and Jay Streets. It is very conveniently situated, upon a line with the Hudson River R. R., from which, by means of a track of their own, the American Ex- press Co. can run their express cars right into their office. This site is just 100 feet square, and cost $100,000. The spacious and superb edifice erect- ed by the Company upon it, under the immediate direction of Alexander Holland, assisted by Col. A. M. C. Smith, contains, besides the Express office, a commodious store and several large warerooms. 90 EXPRESS HISTORY. January 1, 1860, the Company was re-organized, and the capital stock increased to $1,000,000. Its Board of Government is as follows: Henry Wells, President. John Butterfield, Vice- President. Wm. G Fargo, Secretary. Johnston Livingston, Alex. Holland, Directors. The Superintendent of the Eastern, or Xew York Division, is Daniel Butterfield. Of James C. Far- go, General Superintendent of the North- Western Division, we have already spoken. He is ably assisted by Charles H. Wells, Superintendent of the "Cleveland Division;" E. W. Sloane, Superintend- ent of the ''Indianapolis Division;" J. H. Talbot, Superintendent of the "Canada Division:" R. B. Peckham, Div. Sup^t of Wisconsin; Charles Fargo, Div. Sup't of Michigan and Indiana. THE NATIONAL EXPRESS COMPANY. The headquarters of this Company, in New York, is well represented in our engraving of the office. No. 74 Broadway. The original projector of the business now done by this excellent Company, was J. A. Pullen, and he continues to be one of its managers. He has already been named in this work, as one of the earliest and most efficient of Harnden's aids. Before entering that service, he was agent for the New York and Providence steamers J. W. Richmond and Kingston, and used to travel THE THE OLDEST DEMOCRATIC REPCBLICAN JOURNAL IN THE CITY OF NBVUr YORK, Now ia the Fiftt-Nunth year of its existence, combines all the essential elements of A 0®illPLi?E r^illL¥ HEWSPaPEi. Is devoted to the support of the Democratic Republican Party, when it is right, and of DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES ALWAYS ! Is the uncompromising advocate of Free Soil ! Free L.abor ! Free Speech ! A Strict Construction of the Constitution, and an Economical Administration of the Government. THE DAILY EVENING POST, which is printed on a large folio sheet, contains a full account of the occurrences of the day — the latest foreign intelligence — exclu- sive correspondence from Europe — public documents of interest and importance — Proceedings of Congress — Popular Lectures — Tales — Poetry — Reviews and extracts from New Books — City News — Special, full and accurate reports of Commercial and Financial Affairs, New York Markets, including Stock and Money Markets, together with the Cattle Markets of the country, and such Foreign markets as are of general interest. Its editorial disquisitions are always frank, fearless, and independent. 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Single Copy, One Year, in advance $2 00 Three Copies, " " 5 00 Five Copies, " " 8 00 Ten Copies, One Year, in advance $12 00 Twenty Copies, " '< 20 00 Any larger numbers at the rate of $1 ^ year. Subscriptions may commence at any time. Pay always in advance. Any person sending us twenty or more subscribers will be entitled to an extra copy for his ser- vices; or for ten subscribers he will receive a copy for six months. When a club of subscribers has been forwarded, additions mav be made to it on the same terms. It is not necessary that the members of a club should receive their papers at the same Post OflBce. CLERGYMEN are supplied at the lowest club rates. Moue^ may be forwarded at our risk. Specimen copies of the Evening Post will be sentjree to all who desire it. WM. C. BRYANT & CO., Office of the Evening Post, 41 *Va88au Sireei, cor. L,iherty^ JITew JTorh. 90 SUN MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, No. 49 Wall Street, MMl INLll MMTION AND FIRE RISKS. RESERVED CAPITAL, $1,000,000. ASSETS: Real Estate and Bonds and Mortgages $583,500 00 Stocks, Loans on Stock, Interest, Accrued Rents, Scrip of other Companies, &c 647,169 49 Bills Receivable 576,354 17 Premium Accounts not yet collected 10,491 29 Cash 156,715 77 $1,974,230 72 The assured receive in scrip, bearing interest, the whole profits of the Company each year, divided amongst the dealers whose risks have termi- nated during the year. MOSES H. GRINNELL, ROSWELL SPRAGUE, OLIVER SUITE, Jr., WILLIAM H. MACY, DRAKE MILLS, G. WINTHROF GRAY, SAMUEL L. MITCHILL. FREDERICK G. FOSTER, PEl'ER POIRIER, SCHUYLER UVINGSTOX, TRUSTEES LOUIS LORUT, ANTHONY B. NEILSON, JOHN WHITEHEAD, WM. H. NEWMAIi, HENRY A. corr, CHAS. H. MARSHALL, JOSEPH FOULKE, Jr.. JACOB R. NEMUS, JOSEPH GAILLARD, Jr., P. STRAChAN, s;mo\ de ^^ssER. ALEX. M. LAWRENCE, JOHN A. ISEUN. EDWIN BARTLETT. FJJAS PONVERT, ' GEORGE G. HOBSON, U. A. MURDOCH, PERCY R. PYNE, CHARLES STRECKER, SAMUEL M. FOX, JOSEPH V. ONATIVIA, A. B. NEILSON, President. JOHN WHITEHEAD, Vice-President. WM. H. NEVIUS, Secretary. 91 EXPRESS HISTORY. 91 over the route, from Boston, daily. Of good figure and fine address, and enthusiastically absorbed in the execution of the express business intrusted to him by its pioneer, Major Pullen was invaluable as a messenger in 1840, between New York and Bos- ton; in 1841, between New York and Philadelphia; in 1842, between New York, Albany and Troy, via the Hudson River steanaboats. In the winter of 1842, or the spring of 1843, Harnden having sold out his Hudson River Ex- press, PuUen & Copp started a like business on that route, from New York to Albany, Troy and Sara- toga Springs. At that time, Pomeroy & Co., who had been doing a business between Albany and Buffalo for several months, extended their Hue to New York. In 1844 or '45, by an arrangement between Pul- len & Copp, and Pomeroy & Co., they ceased their opposition, by making a division of their routes — the former taking Troy and North; the latter Al- bany and West — and that arrangement has con- tinued in force to this day. It led to some reci- procity of service between them, Pullen & Copp taking charge of Pomeroy & Co.'s Express trunk and freight between Albany and New York. An extraordinary incident which happened to Copp, in that connection, will be related in our budget of Ex- press anecdotes. Soon afterwards, C. retired from the firm, and Major P. took E. L. Stone as a part- ner, under the style of Pullen & Co. 92 EXPRESS HISTORY. In 1843, a Mr. Jacobs had started an Express from Albany to Montreal, and continued it for a year or more. E. H. Yirgil, since somewhat promi- nent as an Express proprietor, acted as his messen- ger and agent about a year, and then, in company with N. G. Howard, purchased Jacobs' interest. They called it Yirgil & Howard's Express. Its route was by packet boats or stage from Albany to White- hall, and thence by steamers, via Lake Champlain and Railroad, to Montreal. It connected at Troy and Albany with Pullen & Co.'s. Early in 1844, H. F. Rice bought out Howard's interest, and the firm became Yirgil & Rice. H. H. Haile, of Platts- burgh, was in their employment, and has continued on this line ever since. This firm, ere long, united with the other, under the style of Pullen, Yirgil k Co.'s Express. Their route was from this city, via Northern New York and Yermont, to the principal cities in Canada. It was not. at that period, a very promising field of operation, and men of less san- guine temperament, resolution, and energy, would have abandoned it. Fortunately, E. H. Yirgil, upon whom devolved the immediate superintendence of the offices and business details upon the route, was a man of great physical ability united to sagacity, experience and tenacity of purpose. He had a pe- culiar people to deal with, especially in Canada where they are slow to enlist in new enterprises. It was only by the most untiring sauvity and patient demonstration of the uses and security of the Ex- MERCANTILE No. 35 Wall Street. IlSrOORFOR^TED MA.Y 12, 1843. ASSETS, JANUARY 1st, 1860, $1,125,000. iiiiii liiiiiiiE To and from Foreign and Home Ports, on Cargo, Vessels, and Freights. ALSO, INLAND INSTIBANCE On Goods to and from all places in the United States, by Rivers, Lakes, and Rail Roads, covering the risks of Fire and Theft in transit. ELLWOOD WALTER, President, CHAS. NEWCOMB, Vice-President C. J. PESPARD, Secretary. TRUSTEES. Joseph Walker, E. Haydock White, Francis Hathaway, James Freeland, N. L. McCready, Aaron L. Reid, Samuel Willets, Daniel T. Willets, John S. Williams, Robert L. Taylor, L. Edgerton. John McKesson, William T. Frost, Henry R. Kunhardt, Horatio Eagle, William Watt, E. E. Morgan, William Nelson, Jr., Henry Eyre, Her. A. Schleicher, Charles Dimon, Cornelius Grinnell, William Boyd, A. Wm. Heye, Benjamin M. Whitlock, James D. Fish, Harold Dollner, Ellwood Walter, Henry W. Johnson, Paul N. Spoflford. Jamets Chambers, Geo. W. Hennings, ELLWOOD WALTER, President. CHAS. NEWCOMB, Vice-PresidenL C. J. DESPARD, Secretary. 92 lenraiee Company OF l^EW YORK. ! Office, Nos. 112 and 114 BROA DWAY. ASSETS, 1st January, 1860 $1,458,396 28 LIABILITIES, « « 42,580 43 The Home Insurance Company continues to insure against Loss or Damage by Fire and the Dangers of Inland Navigation and Transportation, on terms as favorable as the nature of the risks and the real security of the insured and of the Company will warrant. LOSSES EO PITABLY ADJUSTED Al PROM PTLY PAID. r> 1 1^ E c T o i^ s - WILLIAM G. LAMBBRT Firm of A. & A. Lawrence & Co. GEORGE C. COLLINS " Sherman, CoHins k Co. DANFORD N. BARNEY *' Wells, Fargo & Co. LUCIUS HOPKINS President Imrorters' and Traders' Bank. THOMAS MESSENGER Firmof T. &H. Messenger. WILLIAM H. MELLEN " Gaflin, Mellen & Co. CHARIJS J. MARTIN Prksidktt. A. F. WILLMARTH Vick-Prksidknt. CHARLES B. HATCH Firm of C. B. Hatch 4 Co. B. WATSON BULL " Merrick * BulL HOMER MORGAN LEVI P. STONE Stone, Starr & Co. JAMES HUMPHREY Late Firm of Barney, Humphrey k Butler. GEORGE PEARCE " George Pearce & Co. WARD A. WORK " Ward A. Work & Son. JAMES LOW " James Low & Co., of Louisville. I. H. FROTHINGHAM L»t« " I H. Frothingham * Co. CHARLES A. BULKLEY " Bulklev & Co. CEPHAS H. NORTON " Norton & Jewett. ROE LOCKWOOD " R. Lock wood & Son. THEODORE McNAMEE Late " Bowen, McNamee & Co. RICHARD BIGELOW " Doan, King & Co., of St. Louis, GEORGE D. MORGAN " E. D. Morgnn & Co. OLIVER E. WOOD '' Willard, Wood & Co. ALFRED S. BARNES ♦' A. S. Barnes & Burr. GEORGE BLISS " Phelps, Bliss & Co. AMOS T. DWIGHT " Trowbridge, Dwight & Co. CURTIS NOBIJ: " Curtis Noble & Co. LEVI P. MORTON " Morton, Grinnell & Co. JOHN B. HUTCHINSON *' J. C. Howe & Co., Boston. CHARLES P. BALDWIN " Baldwin, Starr & Co. HENRY A. HURLBUT " Swift, Hurlbut & Co. JESSEHOYT " Jesse Hoyt & Co. WM. STURGIS, JR " Sturgis, Shaw & Co. JOHN R. FORD " Ford Rubber Co. SIDNEY MASON Late " Mason & Thompson. GEO. T. STEDMAN " Stedman, Carlisle & Shaw, of Cincinnati. CYRUS YALE, jR " Cyrus Yale, Jr., &Co., of New Orleans. WM. R. FOSDICK ♦♦ Wm. R. & Charles B. Fosdiek. DAVID L BOYD " Boyd Brothers & Co., Albany, N. Y. F. H. COSSITT " Cossitt, Hill & Talmadge, Memphis. LEWISROBERTS »• L. Roberts & Co. SAMUEL B. CALDWELL " Brewer & CaldweU. A. J. WILLS " Pulliam, Wills, Rankin & Co. WM. H. TOWNSEND " Henrys, Smith & Townsend. ^*/ *>'w CHAS. J. MARTIN, President J. MILTON SMITH, Seo'y. A. P. "WILLMARTH, Vice-Prea JOHN McGEE, Asst. Sec'y. 93 EXPRESS U J .> T o a Y . 93 press, for a long time, that he succeeded at last in estahlishing it in that region upon the same basis of popular appreciation to which it had so rapidly at- tained in Massachusetts and ^ew York. In 1849, the firm consisted of J. A. Pullen, E. Ti. Virgil, Edward L. Stone, and C. A. Darhng. Upon the opening of the Albany Northern Rail- road in 1854, Robert L. Johnson, Wm. A. Livings- ton, and W. E. Hys established a Northern Express, under the style of Johnson & Co., from Albany to Rutland, Saratoga, &c., with a view of extending it into Canada. This enterprise came into competi- tion with Pullen, Yirgil & Co., and after its success had become certain, it was deemed politic by th^ two concerns to consolidate, especially as both wero composed of old and influential Expressmen, who could puU together far more profitably, and satis* factorily, than apart. Accordingly, in the spring of 1855, it became a joint-stock Express, under the style of the " Nation- al Express Company,*' capital stock $250,000; D. N. Barney, President. The General Manager of the New York terminus was J. A. Pullen; the Agent, here, W. P. Janes. E. H. Yirgil, of Troy, was Superintendent of the Routes. D. N. Barney had not been educated by experi- ence as an Expressman, but as a Banker. It is true, that he was Pi-esident of the joint-stock Express known as Wells, Fargo & Co., but it was rather be- 94 EXPRESS HISTORY. cause of his large experience and position as a banker and capitalist, that he became the head of two or three of those companies, whose history we now have under consideration. The Express pro- prietary interests, grown to joint-stock corpora- tions, had assumed a financial phase not at all com- prehended in Express routine, and it was well, per- haps, to bring to their aid, under these circumstances, a kind of talent and ability never before demanded by the exigences of the business. To that fact we ascribe the election of D. N. Barney as President of the National Express Company; the prosperity which has attended the new organization, under his administration of its affairs, has fully vindicated the wisdom of the choice. This Express now has contracts for the best facili- ties which can be afforded by the Hudson River Railroad; the Troy and Boston Railroad; the Sara- toga and Whitehall Railroad; Rutland and Wash- ington, Western Vermont Railroads; Rutland and Burlington Railroad, and Champlain and St. Law- rence Railroad. In the winter, they make use of stages from Bur- Ungton, Vt., to Keeseville, N. Y.; in the spring, sum- mer and fall, the steamers, and the Plattsburgh and Montreal Railroad, via Rouse's Point. In Canada, the operations of the National Express Company are very important. Not the least part of their service is the attention which they give to the Custom House business. NEW INVENTION OF ARTIFICIAL LIMBS. SELPHO'S PATEKT ELASTIC ANGLESEY LEG iV.MSllPl©IiK.la IHASl©, Manufactured at 516 Broadway, opp. St. Nicholas Hotel, NEW YORK. WILLIAM SELPHO Continuea to manufacture on the above unerring and beautiful principle, through which he has been 80 successful for the past nineteen years in this city. It is worthy of note, that while many inventions of Artificial Legs have claimed the attention of the pubhc, few have realized the expectations of their wearers; aod none can claim priority or superiority over the Anglesey Leg, which W. S. introduced into this country as far back as the year 1839, and which has successfully stood the test of so many years' experience, which test is the only one of any real value to those seeking the best substitute for the great loss they have sustained. It is, therefore, a source of much pleasure and pride to the subscriber, that he has been so successful in his endeavors to secure for those who have suffered the severe loss of a limb, a substitute that has so admirably met the various wants of the different classes in this great country. The Anglesey Leg is now worn by persona in every State in the Union — some walking ten miles and upwards daily — many walking with pairs below the knee, without a cane — and there is one case where the person has neither knee-joint, and consequently walks on two Artificial Knees; this is be- lieved to be the first instance of the kind on record; and the patient has walked at least four miles a day with these Limbs for the past eight years. Numerous other instances of its merits might bo men- tioned, but having been so long before the public, ^'f. S. deems it unnecessary to further recapitulate or classify the qualities of the Anglesey Leg. lie has, however, the gratification of announcing that after many experiments, he has succeeded in imitating the elastic lateral or side motion of the natural ankle- joint, which invention, having been thoroughly and carefully tested for the past eighteen mouth.s, is offered with confidence as a really valuable improvement, while at the same time all the well-tried ad- vantages of the Anglesey Leg are very carefully retained. The following are some of the advantages of thia new improvement: FiBST— An elastic life-like feeling at every step, by which means the stump has an easier bearing, and is less liable to injury from sudden shocks, such as jumping, kc. SICOND — The ankle-joint having a side motion combined with the elastic cushion, the foot retains its hold firmer in walking up hill or where the ground is uneven; consequently it is much easier to the wearer. Third — The step is more elastic and natural, because it is a closer approximation to nature. FocBTH — Its beautiful simplicity of construction, its lightne.ss, strength and durability, and the ease with which the wearer can keep it in order. The above are some of its merits, but as it is difficult to do them justice in print, W. S. will be happy to show a specimen to any person interested in this invention. 's Pit ill liTiniiii, uii. W. S. desires also to call the attention of those who have had the misfortune to lose a Hand, to hl« newly invented Patent Artificial Hand, which is truly the most useful and practicable substitute for a lost Hand ever submitted to the consideration of the unfortunate. This Hand is so constructed that the wearer can open and shut it without assistance from the remaining Hand; can pick up and hold various articles, such as knife, fork, hat, &c. ; can write with surprising facility, and use it in various ways with great satisfaction; and in shape or form it is in close imitation of the natural hand. The principle on which it is constructed is simple and strong; it is not hable to get out of order, and can be worn with but little inconvenience. For further information, terms, &c., call or address, WII^I^IAM SEJLPHO, 5X6 Broadway, New York. 94 G^. E. M^ENDXTIVI, Importer and Jobber of J^rnp Mins, BRANDIES, KABISCHINO, BITTERS, PICKLES, «cC., FOREIGHLEUID PORTER. SOLE AGENT IN THE UNITED STATES FOR THE SALE OF Widow Lavergne's W. I. Bay Rum, JVo. 90 Cedar Street^ Cor. Broadway, SJIW ^©ISSq * *•* - [We have very favorably known Geo. E. Mendum, in the above-named business, for ten years past, during which time he has filled innumerable orders received through the Express Companies.] 95 EXPRESS HISTORY. 95 Thompson & Co.'s (Boston) Western Express. This Express was commenced in 1841, by William F. Harnden. Its route was from Boston to Albany, via Springfield, Mass. Henry Wells was its orig- inal agent in Albany. James M. Thompson, its agent at Springfield, (1842,) had been a clerk in the Boston office. These facts, with the more pertinent one, that in 1844 Harnden & Co. sold this Western Express to J. M. Thompson, we have already re- lated in our history of Harnden's enterprise. The new proprietor was shrewd, systematic and perse- vering, regular in his habits and very gentlemanly, though rather reserved in his address. His social position has always been superior, and his word has been considered as good as his bond. The good effect of his management of the Boston, Springfield and Albany Express became manifest almost im- mediately. Order, promptness, fidelity, and a spirit of accommodation characterized aU his offices. At the outset he had no partner, nevertheless his Express made use of the style of " Thompson & Co." as at present. E. Lamb Stone, Thompson's earliest agent in Albany, was succeeded in the autumn of 1844, by Robert L. Johnson, then only 17 years of age. This smart, enterprising, and faithful young man — since so successful in this kind of business — had been for a year or two a clerk for Pomeroy & Co.'s Express, (a daily line to New York, and semi-month' ly to Buffalo;) and when, in May, 1845, T. & Co. 96 EXPRESS HISTORY. and P. & Co. occupied the same premises in Al- bany, he acted as agent for both. In 1844, J. M. Thompson started an Express by stage and boat, from Springfield to Hartford, and by stage from Springfield to Northampton, Green- field, and Brattleboro^ Yt. When the Railroads were completed, these Expresses were conveyed upon them, and still continue in successful opera- tion. In 1846, WiUiam N". Melcher, formerly of Ham- den & Co.^s Express, became a clerk for Thompson, in the Boston office, at No. 8 Court Street. There never was a more quiet, yet careful and efficient agent than Melcher. Some five or six years ago he became a partner with his employer. In 1847, R. L. Johnson, the Albany agent, start- ed an Express between Albany and Troy, over the Troy and Greenbush Railroad; running as his own messenger, and making the Bank exchanges be- tween the two cities the main part of his business. He continued in this service until the spring of 1853, when he had the good fortune to be taken into the co-partnership of Thompson & Co. We say good fortune, because that Express was doing a very extensive and remunerative business, and it has been materially augmented since that time, by reason of judicious management, superior agents, and the growing prosperity of the communities which it serves. Thompson & Co. connect with the Adams Ex- YOUR CUSTOM SOLICITED BY FRANCIS & LOUTREL, STATIONERS, LITHOGRAPHERS AND BOOKBINDERS, JVo. 45 JfEaiden JLane^ JVew Ik^orlc. ^LLeli^ SFtij^Le: af .^Lcuik-J^aak, Sfa/tcf^ and S^tcLtiaiLatij. foi- /t^iLhiiLcliA, S^lofeSALOJLalf cuuL S^lLiiate flLe, Sold in quantity to suit, at lowest price. Use Francis' Manifold Letter Writer, by which letters and copies are written at same time. Price, from $1 to $5. OiiBIii III iillY liUiillS. i^>x|)fiibL- Kooks, Time Books, Hotel Registers, Wash Books, Interest Tables, Casli and Deed Boxes, Drawing Papers and Materials, Scrap Books, Portfolios, Writing Desks, Wallets, Note Papers, Envelopes, and every variety of FANCY STATIONERY. Copying and Seal Presses, Notes, Drafts, etc. The entire building fitted up expressly for the various branches of our business. New and improved machinery, and every requisite for executing the best work with promptness, at low price. Merchants, Bankers, Factories, Public Offices. Express, Railroad, and In- surance Companies, as well as individuals, are solicited to favor us with their orders. Prompt and personal attention given. FRANCIS & LOUTREL, Stationers, Steam Printers, litiiograpliers and Bookljinders, ^K^h'^Srel. } 45 Maiden Lane, N. Y. 96 I iiiTii Piif (Daily,) $8 per year, one-half in advance. THE PEESS AND POST, (Serai-Weekly,) $4 per year, one-half in advance. THE BOSTON STATESMAN, AIVD WEEKLY POST, (Weekly,) $2 per year, in advance. ^S&*CLU£]S taking ten or more copies of the Weekly in one package, will be supplied at ONE DOLLAR AND A HALF A YEAR, and a gratuitous copy to the getter up of the Club. ^2?.^ These papers are Clled with a great variety of useful and entertaining muuer. Their ( dltorials; domestic and foreign correspondence; reports; marine de- partment; daily monetary article and weekly linancial review: literary notices; poetic contributions and humorous mat- ter, form a variety designed to meet every taste. TO ADVERTISERS. j^i^ As Advertising mediums these papers are unsurpassed, penetrating as they do into sucli a variety of households scattered over the whole Union; and read as the}' are by all classes of the community, they furnish an opportunity for the dilfusion of information which can scarcely be obtained elsewhere. THE CIRCULATION OP THE BOSTOJV POST is nearly doitble that of any Commercial paper in Boston; while the extent and character of the circulation of the Statesman' and Weekly Post over the country, together with the limited amount of advertisements inserted — never exceedifig two ro/vwns—ivndci' it a most valuable medium for advertisers, seeking a general circu- lation over thewuoLE Union. EATES OF ADVEETISING. In /;aiVy— First insertion, $1.00 per .Square, (space of twelve solid lines Agate.) Second and each succeeding insertion, 50 cents per Square. A liberal discount made from lengthy or continued advertisements. In Weekly— "V^n cents a line each insertion. DEALS, GREENE & CO., 40 and 42 Congress St., Boston. 97 EXPRESS HISTORY. 97 press Co. at Worcester and Springfield, where they have large and commodious offices; at Albany, they connect with the American Express Co.; and at Boston, with the Eastern Expresses. The excellent agent in Worcester, J. H. Osgood, since 1854, has had the supervision of the General Express Agency in that flourishmg interior city, and has acted equally for the Adams Express Co., Thompson & Co., and Fiske & Co. His office is one of the most useful in the country. Thompson resides in Springfield, and the busineae there is under his immediate supervision. When he first began the business there, he occupied a space of only 15 feet by 7 feet, in the lobby of the Post Office, and did all the work himself. Since then, he has built a commodious office, 65 feet by 50 feet, and now gives employment to 13 men and 4 horses, at that point. It was our purpose to say something in this connection, in reference to the re- markable growth of Springfield since the origin of the Express; but want of space will not admit of it. We will venture to say, however, that not one of it« numerous important business establishments has contributed more to its prosperity than the lib- eral, enterprising, and public-spirited James M. Thompson. Thompson & Co. have large offices, also, in Bos- ton, Albany, Palmer, Westfield, Springfield, North Adams, Chicopee, Holyoke, Northampton, Green- field, Keene, N. H., Brattleboro' and Bellows Falls. 98 EXPRESS HISTORY. The Eastern Express Company, founded in May, 1857, with a capital of $100,000, is a Boston joint- stock concern — a consolidation of the Express en- terprises of Carpenter & Co., Winslow & Co., and Hodgman, Carr & Co. Carpenter & Co. were for about ten years in the Express business between Boston and the towns on the Kennebec River. Winslow & Co. (J. R. Hall, Boston manager) suc- ceeded in 1850, or not long afterwards, to a business between Boston, Portland and Waterville, Me., once operated by Longley & Co. F. W. Carr has been in the Maine Express line about seven years. Some four or five years ago he became a partner with Hodgman & Co., and the style was changed to Hodgman, Carr & Co. Their Express business was between Boston and the towns on the Penobscot River. John R. Hall, the Superintendent of the Eastern Express Company, has been an expressman ever since the days of Harnden's Original Express. The associate managers and proprietors are J. R. Hall and F. W. Carr, Boston; J. N. Winslow, Portland; C. S. Carpenter, Augusta; and F. H. Hodgman, Bangor. Upon their different routes they have about 570 miles of steamboating and 380 miles of Railroad travel. They employ upwards of eighty agents and messengers, and from fifteen to twenty drivers. Mr. Tucker, in their Boston office, has been an express clerk for many years. MAILLER, JLORD Sl QUERE AU, SHIFPIIsTG^ AND 108 VTaU Street, New 7ork. 1 PROPRIETORS OP THE KANGAROO LINE OF PACKETS sailing from New York for Melbourne, Australia, monthly; established 1853. Vessels first class, and the lowest rates of passage and freight charged. Lord & Co., Agents, Melbourne, who receive consignments on commission; also, Regular Packets from New York to Baltimore, Charles- ton, and Savannah. AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF FOR FAMILY USE. WILL JTC-VD ARTICLKS IX IVood, licather. Crockery, Glass, Ivory, Bone, Alabaster, Marble, Rubber, Gatta Percha, Clotb, Paper, Papier Macbe, Sbeil, Horn, Hone, Plaster, Sic. And indeed there is scarcely an article in the whole range of domestic economy, whether it be for use or ornament, which, when broken, cannot with this preparation be restored to its original Talue. It challenges the world for its superior. It is indispensable in every HOUSE, WORKSHOP, COUNTING-ROOM, And no person, after a trial of STARR'S CHEMICALLY PREPARED GLUE. would willingly dispense with it for four times its cost. It is always ready, and always reliable. It is not offensive to the smell, and is not affected by climate, and where known it has become a FIX- ED FACT. Is sold by all Druggists, Furniture Dealers, Gro- cers, Fancy Goods Dealers, Hardware Dealers, Stationers, and by country Merchants generally. Price 25 Cents per Bottle. A brush goes with each bottle. Put up for dealers in cases from 1 to 12 dozen. A splendid Lithographic Show Card, printed in colors, given with each package. All orders or letters of inquiry by mail, addressed to the STUB ilil SilPilY, 51 Liberty St., N.Y., will receive prompt attention. j|Sp>A liberal discount to the trade. 98 THE BEST FAMILY PIPER i THE UNION. THE NEW YORK SPECTATOR. The New York Spectator is the pioneer of American Semi- Weekly Newspapers, having been established sixty-three year«. It is unsurpassed by any of its contemporaries in the value and variety of its contents, having attained its present popularity by its prompt adoption of every improvement and the infusion of modern taste and talent into its columns. The New York Spectator has no superior as a or Record of Events. It is published every MONDAY and THURSDAY, and contains the latest Domestic and Foreign News up to the vei^ hour of publication, including Pull Reports of all Matters of interest in Ne-w York and neighboring Cities. Reliable Correspondence and Congressional Reports from Wasldngton. Public Documents, both State and National A Correspondence of unusual merit from London, Paris, and other Euro- pean Cities. The latest Telegraph Dispatches received by the Associated Press. An Accurate "Wholesale Price Current, Daily Sales of Stocks, and ample daily reports of everything connected -with Trade and Commerce. AS A FAMILY PERIODICAL, the New York Spectator is very confidently recommended. The severest supervision is exercised over its columns, so that it shall be a safe as well as an entertaining and instructive family companion. Its editorial comments are written under a deep sense of responsibility; its notices of New Books and Periodicals are liberal and honest; its Agricultural Intelligence is compiled by a competent gentleman; while its tales, fugitive poetry and Literary Glean- ings, are confessedly of a very high order, and are alwaj^ selected with a view to inculcate high-toned and pure morality. These characteristics of the New York Spbctatob it will always be the aim of the Pro- prietors to maintain, and they enter upon a new year with a determined purpose to keep in the ran of newspaper advancentent, and to make the SPECTATOR worthy of the wide and increasing jiatronage it receives. One copy one year $3.00 Two copies one year 5.00 Fire copies one year 11.00 Ten copies one year, (seat to obc address) I20.0O Fifteen copies one year, " " .... 28.00 Twenty copies one year, " " 35.00 Payable invariably in advance at the oflSce.or remitted by mail to the office direct. Any person sending us a Club of Twenty or more will be entitled to an extra copy. FRANCIS HALL & CO., nro. 46 PIi\E ST., IVew York. To subscribers in Canada there will be an additional charge of fifty cents each, to meet the United States Postage, which has to be paid in New York. THE NEW YORK OOMMEECIAL ADVEETISER if published daily at the office of the Spectatoh, at Ten Dollars, or Nine Dollars in advance, per annum. Contains regularly. Letters from England. France, California, &c. Has a very hne digest of Foreign and Domestic News; Reprints of all Public Documents of interest and importance ; contains Special, Full and Accurate Reports of Commercial and Financial Affairs; New York Markets, &c. 99 EXPRESS HISTORY. 99 Before taking a final leave of the subject of the transportation business in New England, during the latter days of the stage-coach lines, and while the earlier Railroads were only in embryo, we will quote two or three facts, for the accuracy of which we have the authority of the Boston Daily Advertiser: "In 1827, when careful inquiries for ascertaining the amount of travel and transportation were made on the Providence and Western routes, preparatory to a determination of the question of the practica- bility of maintaining railroads, it was reported that the number of passengers conveyed in that year between Boston and Providence, by the Commer- cial and Citizens' daily line of stage coaches, was 24,100; and that in the same year 1706 tons of merchandise were transported between the two cit- ies in baggage wagons, and 3400 tons in sea vessels passing round Cape Cod, a distance of 210 miles — ■ the distance by the turnpike road being but 42 miles. Subsequently to the date of the opening of the Providence R. R., the travel and transportation on the line were a good deal increased beyond the above amounts. Much of the journeying through- out the Commonwealth was performed at that pe- riod in private carriages, instead of stage coaches, and a great part of the transportation of merchan- dise was done by teams specially employed for each job. The only inland navigation in the State was that of the Middlesex Canal, on which was a packet boat, which left Charlestown for Chelmsford every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, and re- turned on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays; and at certain seasons considerable boating of heavy merchandise on the Connecticut River." 100 EXPRESS HISTORY. . Wells, Fargo & Co. — The very extensive Cali- fornia Express establishment, now so well known throughout the civilized world as Wells, Fargo & Co., was commenced in New York in the spring of 1852, by Henry Wells, W. Gr. Fargo, Johnston Liv- ingston, A. Reynolds, and E. B. Morgan. It was a joint-stock Company; capital $300,000, subsequent- ly increased from time to time to $600,000. Its original managers were E. B. Morgan, of Aurora, N. Y., President; James McKay, Secretary; John- ston Livingston, Treasurer. The other directors were A. Reynolds, Wm. G-. Fargo, Henry Wells, and E. P. Williams. Several of these gentlemen were prominent managers of the American Express Company, and the numerous offices of the latter Express were made use of to facilitate the business of Wells, Fargo & Co. — a very great advantage, and calculated to place the new California Express upon the footing of a long-established concern. W., F. & Co. began by reducing the price of express freight from this port to San Francisco, from sixty cents to forty cents per pound, and their competi- tors (who had been paid, in 1849 and ^50, as high as seventy-five cents per pound,) were compelled to do the same. The managers of the new company being ener- getic men, well known in New York for their re- sponsibility, and famihar with " all the ropes," soon succeeded in obtaining a large patronage in the city. Add to this what was sent in from the American JAMES A. CL.ARK, COMMISSION No. 39 ANN STREET, Constantly on hand or made to order, at short notice, every description of MANILLA., HARDWARE AND DRUGGISTS' PAPERS. ALSO, OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. N. B. — Cash paid for Rags, Rope, Waste Paper, and Old Bagging. 100 ASAHEL JONES, SAMUEL S. WHITE, ifntel IPtnots, 658 BROADWAY, NEW YORK ; 528 ARCH STREET, PHILADELPHIA j 16 TREMONT ROW, BOSTON j 102 RANDOLPH STREET, CHICAGO, HI. JOHN P. COHBAK, %iimq ^ i^mmstlk at f ato. Legal Business trsnsaeted in tlie Freneb, German and Spanish Langnageiy NOTARY PUBLIC OF ST. LOUIS COUNTY. Office South-^East cor. of 3d and market Street 9^ J m 101 EXPRESS HISTORY. 101 Express offices in the West, and the reader will readily conceive that Wells, Fargo & Co. made a very prosperous beginning. About that time Adams & Co. removed to their present quarters, and Wells, Fargo & Co. located themselves in the old express premises, No. 16 Wall Street. J. McKay was the agent there; S. P. Carter and R. W. Wash- burn were the San Francisco agents. The latter gentleman, formerly a bank cashier in Syracuse, N. Y., now has charge of the Exchange department of the Company, in San Francisco. Wells, Fargo & Co. remained in Wall Street several years, and then removed to No. 82 Broadway, their present office. The original Board of Direction were succeeded by the following, viz: D. N. Barney, President; T. M. Janes, Treasurer: D. N. Barney, W. G. Fargo, Henry Wells, E. P. Williams, J. Livingston, Benj. P. Cheney, N. H. Stockwell, T. M. Janes, and Jas. McKay, Directors. Louis McLane, Jr., was ap- pointed to the responsible post of Agent in San Francisco. Up to that time, we believe, Wells, Fargo & Co. had not owned any lines in the inte- rior of California; but for the sake of greater secu- rity in the receipt and delivery of valuable parcels in places beyond San Francisco, they adopted the policy of buying out the local expresses in Califor- nia, or establishing new lines, which they gave in charge of their own agents. Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express lines within the limits of California have become very numerous, 102 EXPRESS HISTORY. and radiate throughout the state. Under the su- pervision of Louis McLane, Jr., the experienced and judicious General Agent, and the immediate management of Samuel Knight, the very worthy and efficient Superintendent of the Express department, these interior expresses are admirably operated and rendered profitable. They are so many channels for the streams of gold dust which pour into the Company's coffers at San Francisco, and thence, in half-million shipments, twice a month, are consign- ed to the house in New York. The Company have quite a number of express offices in Oregon and on the South coast. They run, also, an express to Frazer River. Among the most useful and highly valued of the many employees who have distinguished themselves by their fidelity to Wells, Fargo & Co., in Califor- nia, besides those already mentioned, are G. W. Bell, Superintendent of the Express Package De- partment, J. J. Kelly, Henry Norton, A. B. McNiel, W. H. Simmons, J. M. Yansyckle, T. B. Anthony, and Edw. W. Tracy, Travelling Agent. The lat- ter gentleman, for several years the very popular and efficient Agent of Adams & Co., at Shasta, has two brothers, also, in Wells, Fargo & Co.'s employ, viz., Theodore F. and Felix Tracy. In an earlier part of this History, we have confounded the two, supposing Felix's first name to be Theodore. Wm. H. Harnden, a clerk in their San Fran- cisco office, is a son of The Original Expressman. THi p; I».A.TE:2>JT3ES3D 3VC.^^:£1.0X=C, 3.B58 Complete— Price $40. Economical, portable, and durable, requiring only two horse-power to work it. The grinding part having six stationary and four movable plates, dressed or grooved on both sides like mill-stones, moving with an oscillating instead of rotary motion, thus obviating the objections to Cast Iron Rotary Mills; it grinds all kinds of grain, and makes good Meal from the hardest Corn at the rate of one bushel in eight minutes. Many kinds of grain it grinds much faster; it can be attached to any kind of power. Per- sons wanting a Good Miia to grind any kind of Grain, Plaster, Salt, Malt, Peas, Flaxseed, or for chopping Feed, will do well to examine this. It is the cheapest Mill ever made, considering capacity, simplicity, durability, and regularity of its grinding, not requiring a person understanding the art of grinding to use it. It grinds either coarse or fine. Examine one in use at 17 Spruce Street, N. Y., where all orders can be supplied. M. C. CHADWICK $c CO., 17 Spruce Street, N. Y, Silver Medal awarded it at American Instituto, N. Y., as best Mill ex- hibited. 102 NASSAU WHITE LEAD AND mm® [p^affiOT M®KKga C. H. t( A. T. BAXTER ^ CO., No. 82 MAIDEN LANE, AND No. 19 CEDAR STREET, New York, Offer the Trade, on accommodating terms, the following Brands of in Oil of their own manufacture: Island City, ^ Premium Pure, Nassau, East Rirer, Ne^ York City, Western Empire, American Wliite Lead. Pore Vielle Montage French Zinc, Pure Penui and Lehigh and New Jersey Zinc* All Colors, Dry and in Oil ; also, a general assortment of AU GOODS WABBANTED TO GIVE SATISFACTIOB. 103 EXPRESS HISTORY. 103 ^'Old Block,^^ (Delano,) whose thrilling sketches of California Hfe, from 1849 to 1854, rendered him a prodigious favorite throughout the "diggins," after having served Wells, Fargo & Co. for a long time as messenger, and afterwards as a local agent, at length retired from the business, and settled down at Grass Yalley, where, in 1858, he was still residing. During three or four years past, Wells, Fargo & Co. have had offices of their own in the principal Atlantic cities, entirely independent of other Ex- press Companies. Aug. 2, 1858, they made a semi- annual dividend of five per cent., and the annual exhibit of their Treasurer showed the amount of gold transported by this Company over the various lines within the State of California, during the year ending Dec. 31, 1857, to have exceeded fifty-nine millions eight hundred and eighty-four thousand dollars. Their ocean transportation of the precious metal must have been about nine milHons of dollars. The New York office of this immense business is remarkable for the thoroughness of its details and the superiority of its management. The same, we are told, may be said with truth of the San Fran- cisco office. In a Supplement to this work, we shall publish a Gazetteer of express towns, in which will be in- cluded a list of the offices of Wells, Fargo & Co., and the other places in California to which they forward. 104 EXPRESS HISTOEY. The United States Express Company. — The present Company bearing this name (another, it will be remembered, had been previously merged in the American Express Company,) was organized in 1854, with the view of doing a Western business over the N*. Y. & Erie Railroad. Its capital stock is $500,000. D. N. Barney is its President; H. Kip its Superintendent; and Theo. B. Marsh its Treasurer. This well-conducted Express has about 200 agencies, and many employees worthy of par- ticular mention for their fidelity and untiring ser- vice. Its field of operations includes the most re- mote settlements in the Western country. It is very prompt in delivery, and its rates are low. T. B. Marsh, who has acted, at No. 82 Broadway, as its New York agent for several years past, to the entire satisfaction of the Directors and the public, was for some time previously one of the most valu- able men in the American Express business. In his excellent, well-managed office he is assisted by W. H. Murphy, and several other efficient men. Myron E. Cole, at Elkhart, is one of the many agents of this Company. H. Kip, the Superintend- ent, resides at Buffalo, where he has long enjoyed an enviable reputation as an express manager. He has been in the business since 1846, being about that time a pioneer expressman in the Western Express of Livingston & Fargo. A material addition has been made to the U. S. Express business lately. A. L, STIISON, ^Jm AND No. 77 Cedar Street, New York, WILL BITY AND SELL ^Mm i\mm m^m^m mm to order, aud purchase and forward i iiiiilES, Farming Implements, &e, when wanted. He also gives attention to the sale of consignments of PEACHES, PBIRS, APPLES, AND OTHER FRUIT, FOR CASH. 104 ii PMS Ai lIM iS. 320 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, ADAMS' EXPRESS BUILDINGS, For supplying the Trade with Newspapers, Magazines, Cheap Publications, &c. Orders from Booksellers, Postmasters, and Newsmen, attended to with promptness and dispatch. Subscriptions received for Newspapers and Magazines, American and Foreign. Trade Lists supplied. Samuel Lover's Book of Irish Songs 12 The Shilling Song Book, 175 Songs 12 Berry's Comic Songs 12 Johnson's " 12 Wood's Minstrels' Songs 12 Wood's Plantation " 12 Bryant's Old Virginia Songster 12 " Power of Music 12 Burnt Cork Songster 12 Mat Peel's Melodies 12 Charley White's Bijou Songster 1 2 " Ethiopian " 12 Gus Shaw's Comic Songs. " New Comic . . Pete Morris' Comic Charley Foxe's Bijou Sharpley's Sable Songster . Boyd and Enoch's Songs . CT3. 12 12 12 12 6 6 Dixey's Essence of Burnt Cork 12 George Christie's Joke Book. . 12 The Magic Oracle 12 Charley White's Joke Book. . 12 Wy man's Hand Book of Magic 12 Wizard's Book of Conundrums 12 The Trade supplied at a liberal discount. COPIES MAILED (Post Paid) ON RECEIPT OF THE PRICE. A. WINCH, 390 €he§tniit Street, Philadelphia, Adams' Express Buildings. 105 EXPRESS HISTORY. 105 The N. Y. & Erie R. R. Co., in 1854 or '55, de- cided to do the Express business on their route themselves, and did so, accordingly; making H. D. Rice, (since deceased,) its Superintendent. The ex- periment, however, as might have been expected by any one entirely familiar with the details of ex- press business, was not destined to be successful, although managed during the last year or two by a very able man, to the best of his ability. The liability of their Express to make good any loss of money parcels intrusted to it for conveyance, be- came a cause of serious concern to many of the N. Y. & Erie R. R. stockholders, and finally, the Di- rectors determined to give it up and stick to their legitimate business. Accordingly, on the first of August, 1858, their Express was transferred to the United States Express Company, by whom it is now operated in connection with their Western lines. An experienced expressman, C. A. De Witt, is Superintendent of the Erie R. R. Division. Howard & Co.'s Express, Philadelphia. — We have before referred to N. G. Howard, as the Agent of Harnden & Co., at Albany, N. Y., in the summer of 1842. In the following year, he became associ- ated with E. C. Bailey, a very worthy and enter- prising young man from Boston, under the style of Bailey & Howard. B. had a warm personal friend in Nat. Greene, who was then in the firm of Harn- den & Co. Owing to his variance with Henry Wells, 12* 106 EXPRESS HISTORY. in 1843, to which allusion has already been made in our history of him, Harnden was desirous of ' * con- necting," at Albany, with some other Express than Pomeroy & Co/s; and it was at his instigation that Bailey k Howard attempted to establish an Express line to Buffalo in competition with that successful concern. B. & H. soon dissolved their co-partner- ehip, and Bailey returned to the Boston Post Office, where, a few years later, he became Postmaster ; and so continued, to the entire satisfaction of the merchants and citizens, until he resigned in 1857, to make room for Nahum Capen. He is now editor and proprietor of a penny newspaper of large cir- culation and influence — The Boston Daily Herald. Shortly after abandoning his Albany and Buff'alo enterprise, Howard joined E. H. Virgil in running an express between Albany and Montreal; but this, too, was up-hill work, and having, in the spring of 1844, a good offer from Harnden, he went to Phil- adelphia and took charge of Harnden & Co.'s Ex- press in that city. The Pottsville and Reading Express, via Phila- delphia and Reading R. R., was commenced by Livingston, Howard k Co. shortly after this. A few years alter, E. W. Earl, of Reading, Pa., purchased an interest, and the firm became Howard, Earl & Co. The business was under the immediate superintend- ance of one of the partners at each principal place; Howard, at Philadelphia; Earl, at Reading; and R. F. Weaver, at Pottsville. HENRY WELLS, PRBSIDBNT OF THB AMBRICAN BXPRBSS COMPANY. LYON & BROWN, Importers, Manufacturers and Dealers in FRENCHAl AMERICAN WIIOWGLASS, WHITE LEAD, ZINC PAINTS, CHROME AND PARIS GREENS, ' 1 SlillRf EilTIii MB. VANDYKE BROT^N, And a full assortment of Also, Glaziers' Diamond^ Ground, Colored and Enamelled Glasst jj^* Glass cut and packed free of charge. All orders executed with accuracy and dispatch. Send for a circular con- taining prices. 171 Duane Street, New York. 106 NORWICH, CONN. MANUFACTURERS OF THE IMPROVED CMDiR CARTRIDGI FISW, URGE SINGLE CARTRIDGE PISTOL. Small Single Cartridge pistol These Arms are the most perfectly finished and complete in all respects of any ever offered to the public. The Company would particularly call attention to their Improved Cylinder Cartridge Pistol, an arm which is admitted to be unrivalled for accuracy of aim, length of range, durability, and convenience for prompt and effectual use. 107 EXPRESS HISTORY. 107 In January, 1854, Earl disposed of his interest to the remaining partners, and the firm became Howard & Co. In November, 1854, the Catawissa, WiUiamsport and Erie, and the Williamsport and Elmira Railroads formed a connection with the Phila- delphia and Reading R. R. at Port Clinton, and How- ard & Co.'s Express ran through to Elmira, N. Y., daily; there, forming a connection with the Ameri- can Express Co., and opening a new and more direct route from Philadelphia to the Northwestern States. Howard & Co.'s Easton Express was commenced on the completion of the Belvidere and Delaware Railroad to Lambertville, N. J., and thence by wagons to Easton, a distance of 36 miles. The Railroad being gradually opened, the distance for wagoning was lessened, until, in the latter part oi the year 1853, the Belvidere and Delaware Rail- road was completed to Phillipsburg, (opposite Eas- ton). The Express was then run to Easton entirely by Railroad. The firm was represented by N. G. Howard and A. L. Randall, at Philadelphia, and John Smylie, Jr., at Easton. At this time the Le- high Valley Railroad was being constructed, and Howard & Co. placed their teams on the route from Easton to Mauch Chunk. In 1855, the Lehigh Val- ley Railroad being completed, the Express was run through from Philadelphia to Mauch Chunk by Rail- road. Howard died of consumption in 1859. F. Love- joy is the Superintendent. 108 EXPRESS HISTORY. The Howard Express Company (P. Janney, Phila. Agent,) is another institution, having its headquar- ters in the same office in Philadelphia with the Harnden and Howard & Co., where Geo. R. Dunn is general agent of all three. F. A. Phillips is chief clerk. Edwards, Sanford & Co's European Express, favorably known for a few years prior to 1855, be- came in that year, by a union with Livingston, Wells & Co., "the American-European," under the man- agement of H. S. Lansing. Subsequently the style was changed to H. S. Lansing & Co. This firm abandoned the business a year or two ago. W. Williams & Co's European Express, now in successful operation, was established in 1854. His Agent in Boston, W. H. Pillow, an active and re- liable business man, is, like Williams, a native of England. He is also engaged in the Custom House Brokerage business, being one of the firm of John K. Stimson & Co., in that city. The Globe Express, at 28 Broad Street, corner of Exchange Place, was established by L. W. Mor- ris, on the 1st of May, 1859, as a transatlantic line. It carries to all parts of Europe, and to foreign countries generally. Morris, the proprietor, has long been in the shipping and forwarding business, both in Europe and in this country. WHEELER & DIXON, TEACHERS OF xuiml ^oflk-^ujing, T^O. 83S Corner of 13th Street, A. H. WHEELER. } ^^^\|®^\B^® HIRAM DIXON & SON, luMir l^xauiitatits AND TRADE ASSIGNEES, Nos. 59 ANJ) 835 Broadway, 108 AUSERT H. NICOLA7, |^ttctifln«r t!^ ^kk §rokr, No. 52 William Street, Near Wall Street, SIW ?dBS. REGULAR AUCTION SALES OF STOCKS AND BONDS, EVERY Monday and Thursday, (Which have been the regular established days of sale for many years), or every day, whenever required, at 12 J o'clock, at the Stock Sales Room, No. 62 William Street, or at the Merchants' Exchange, as desired. Stocks and Bonds bought and sold at private sale, and at the Brokers^ Board. Interest allowed on deposits and dividends collected; also, Real Estate at public and private sale. 109 EXPRESS HISTORY. 109 The European Agents do not only forward par- cels and Express packages, but are, at the same time, Shipping Agents of merchandise, at current rates to this country, by either steamer or sailing vessel, according to instructions. Upon arrival, the packages are cleared at the New York Custom House by the Globe Express, and forwarded to des- tination, for ordinary commissions only. A particular feature of this establishment is the attention it pays to the Passage business. The Globe has arrangements with almost all the Steamships and Sailing Packet Lines between this country and Europe, and with the different Rail- road Companies to the interior, and is thus enabled to bring passengers from any place in Europe to any destination in the United States, at Companies^ rates, safely, and unmolested by runners. Passengers to California and to Europe are also taken care of by the Express, and berths provided for them in advance of their coming to New York. Jones' New Orleans and Texas Express is owned and conducted by Starr S. Jones, who has been located at Galveston and New Orleans for several years past, and is very favorably known in that quarter. He dispatches his freight once or twice a week from New Orleans to Galveston, per steamship, and forwards packages for the interior by steamboats and the most available conveyances. The business of his line is conducted with com- mendable regularity and method. 110 EXPRESS HISTORY. There are in New England numerous small indi- vidual expresses, some of them of many years' standing and very useful. There are some of more note, which we will very briefly mention. The Earle Express Company, whose headquar- ters are at Boston and Providence, R. I., is a con- solidation of several long-established local con- cerns. B. D. & L. B. Earle, pioneers of the Ex- press business in Rhode Island, were formerly bank messengers, and went over the route daily in that capacity, from the time that the B. & P. R. R. was opened, (1835,) until they started what they called Earle's Express. It has always been a prompt, responsible and reliable concern. The present Company include in their line of operations, also, a line between Providence, Warren, and Bristol, R. I.; and another between Providence, Stonington and New London, Conn. Osgood's Express operates efficiently on the route between Providence and Worcester, Mass., where J. H. Osgood, a very capable and experi- enced general express agent, is its manager. Hatch, Gray & Co's Express, from Boston to New Bedford and Martha's Vineyard, was com- menced in 1840, by that energetic and wide-awake local celebrity, Col. A. D. Hatch, of New Bedford. The terminus of his route at that time was Nan- tucket. The New Bedford and Taunton Branch EDWARD EARLB. T. K. EARLR T. K. EARLE & CO., WORCESTER CARD-CLOTHING & BELT MAIFICTORY, GILATTOIO' STREXST, Near the Western Railway Depot, WORCESTER, MASS. MANUFACTURERS OP ALL KINDS OP COTTON AND TXTOOLLEN Of the best quality, from Leather and all varieties of Cloth used for that purpose. Angular Wire Cards for Tnmhiers, Icaders-in, and Feed Rolls; also, a very coarse article for Carding Waste, Old Rags, &c.; Doffer Rings of the most perfect qnality; also, the most approved Napper Cards, In connection with the above, they are manufacturinpj all kinds of OAE-TANNED LEATHER BELTING Of the very best quality; Covering Feed Rolls, Buff-Wheels, Pulleys; makliig^ all kinds of Loom Straps for manufacturers' use, &c. They have received Medals from all the principal Fairs ia the country, as also one from the World's Exhibition, held at London, 1851. These awards of excellence, together with a steady and constant increase of busi- ness, {which is the true test.) have led them to build a new and commodious Factory, and to increase their Machinery, so as to make their Establishment the most perfect one of the kind in the world; and they are therefore prepared to execute all orders with promptness, and in the most perfect manner. ANDREWS & JESUP, Agents, ]¥EW YORK CITY, I^EFEI^ElSrCES NouKSK, Mason & Co., " Fox h Rice, Daxiel Tainter, f Worcester, Mass. F. WiLLARB & Co.. H. N. BiGELOW, Clinton, Mass. J. H. SiocKTO.v & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. J. F. Tow.vKR k Co., Baltimore, Md. Waterman Smitu, Manchester, N. H. John Gardner, Boston, Mass. W. A. Robinson & Co., Providence, R. I. J. L. SLOCUM, if :::i.r U. Edward Harris, Woonsocket^. .-: ,•; v" i J. W. Andrews & Co., 'I Murray & Davis. ^New York. Charles W. Hoi.brook,J L. S. Hargocs. Vera Cruz, Mexico. 110 ^ d^ .^0 x^^'^^^'^^ oo^ NEW VORK CtTV, JTo. 18 W\a£,Ij STKEET. <^ > OASH OAI>ITA.I., S250,000, With a large and accumulating Surplus. FIRE INSURANCE IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. Taken upon Hulls and Cargoes, upon the Lakes, Rivers and Canals. OPEN POLICIES ISSUED TO COVER SHIPMENTS MADE BY FORWARDERS. RICHARD A. OAKL.EY, Secretary. AliBERT IVARD, President. BRANCH OFFICE, A. T. CO., No. 7 Coenties SHp. XS. lux. CAXiEB, USarine Inspector. DIRECTORS: Hetky GmsyHix, Caleb Barstow, President St. Nicholas Bank. Edmund Pknfold, firm of Penfold, Schuyler & Co. Hanson K. Corning, OODKN Haggertt, " Haggerty & Co. Thomas Monahan, President Fulton Bank. Albbrt Ward, Chas. Easton, firm of Eastons, Cahoone & Kinney. L. L. Sturgbs, firm of Sturges, Clearman & Co. W. R. & C. B. Fosdick. W. W. De Forest & Co. Thayer, Denning & Co. Taylor, Hubbell & Co. Wm. R. Fosdick, «' Gko. F. Thomab, " Embrt Thatkr, " Zalmon Tatlob, ** BiNj. F. Wardwell, Louis Lorut, firm of Louis Lorut. A. R. Frothingham, Thomas F. Youngs, firm of Youngs & Co. Sam'l L. MrrcHiLL,' ♦ * Sam'l L. MitchiU & Co. Joshua L. Popb, firm of RuFus R. Graves, " Henry Davis, " Hknry K. Bogkrt, " Samuel G. Gliddkn, " Stephen Cambrelkno, Thomas Scott, " ABM. R. Van Nest, " Wm. a. Sale, " La WHENCE TURNURE, " Daniel G. Bacon, " WiLUAM H. Gary, *' Theo. Polhkmus, Jr., " Elisha K. Morgan, " Thomas S. Nelson, " Henry G. Eilshemius, William E. Shsfabd. Barstow & Pope. R. R. Graves* Co. Davis, Morris k Co. Bogert & Kneeland. J. 0. Baker k Co. Lawyer. Thomas Scott. A.R. VanNest&Co. Wm. A. Sale &Co. Moses Taylor & Co. D. G. & W. B. Bacon. Gary, Howard, Sanger [& Co. Fox & Polhemus. E. E. Morgan k Co. Holbrook & Nelson. Ill EXPRESS HISTORY. Ill Railroad had just been put into operation. The stage-drivers whom it deprived of business, ob- tained situations upon the Railroad as conductors and brakemen. The lines of stages thus broken up were owned by Elias Sampson k Co. and Jesse Smith. Sampson soon added his strength to Hatch's, and (in 1843, we think it was,) the firm became Hatch & Co. Col. Hatch acted as his own messenger for several years, at any rate, and still does so, we think. Rapid in his movements, zealous in everything he undertook, and thoroughly experienced as a man of business, he accomplished more work than half a dozen ordinary employees could have done, and, in the face of much discouragement, established his Express upon a durable foundation. FiSKE & Co.'s Express had its head-quarters in the Railroad Exchange Building, which forms upon Court Square, the rear of the admirable Museum edifice, owned by David and Moses Kimball. The premises were originally leased by Benjamin F. Cheney, of Cheney & Co.'s Express, for the accom- modation of his own, and numerous local Express- es, and under his judicious management it became a sort of Express Arcade. The founder of Fiske & Co.'s business was L. Bigelow, who had a contract for express facilities upon the Boston and Fitchburg, Mass., Railroad, and Worcester and Nashua Railroad, as early as 112 EXPRESS HISTORY. July, 1848, and this was continued until March let, 1851, when Bigelow having sold out to them, Fiske & Rice obtained the same privileges. This was con- tinued until November 30th, 1854, when from the date of a new contract with the Worcester and Nashua Railroad, we find that the firm had been changed to Fiske & Co. That is still the style of it. Bigelow 's main route was from Boston to Bur- lington, Yt., and Montreal. When he commenced, the Worcester and Nashua Railroad was open only from Groton Junction to Clinton, Mass.: December 18th, 1848, it was opened for travel the entire dis- tance from Worcester to Nashua; connecting at different points, upon the route, with the Boston and Fitchburg Railroad, and the Stony-Brook Rail- road. No better built railway was to be found in America, and the world could not show an avenue having a more picturesque and charming series of landscapes to pass through. Old travellers upon this route, before railways had been projected, will remember that its beautiful scenery well repaid the labor of a long coach-ride. The numerous ever- lasting hills which Genery Twichell and John C. Stiles tried, and not in vain, to make easy with their fine teams and stages, and entertaining talk, are now circumvented of all their difficulties by the Worcester and Nashua Railroad. The gratified traveller, skimming along at the rate of 25 or 30 miles an hour, sees only the agreeable side of them, with the verdant meadows at their feet, intersected ^ "^^ 445, 447 and 449 ^'^ "^ FIRST AVENUE, ^ Cor. Enst 2Tth Street, ]¥E1V YORK CITY. This establishment presents to Builders superior advantages over any other; here they can obtain at all times an assortment of Seasoned Lumber, White Pine, Spruce, Hemlock, AND A STOCK OF w^iLaiii, mmm Mm mum mm mmm. The stock of finished WOOD MOULDINGS is of the best (|iiality of seasoned Pine, and embraces over 600 patterns. 9 of any style, worked to order, at short notice. Sash, Blinds and Doors on hand and made to order with dispatch. The friends of H. V. Mandeville will find hira here, ready to fill any orders they may favor him with. J. F. CUNNINGHAM, Proprietor* 112 PATENT I MtBf SECURED WITH THE BEST PiWBli ill Mlli.il^"'**^™'^ ■ If&'AI IB. C3-. -V^IHiIDESn. dfc CO., AGENTS FOR THE PATENTEE AND MANUFACTURERS, DEPOT, 191 BKOAD^VAY, cor. of DEY ST., New Voik, 197 SOUTH WATER STREET, Chicago, 111. Cflanufactory^ Third •Ivenue, cor. l^th Street, JSrooklyn. NoTiCK.— This celebrated Fire-rroof Safe is no longer made and sold by Silas C. Herring, his licen.>e having expired. CAUTION TO THE PUBLIC. The world-wide reputation ol" the WILDER PATENT SALAMANDER FIRE- PROOF SAFE has led other Safe Makers in this City to taf>e withmit aiUhurity the name of " WILDER,"' to help them to dispose of their WORTHLESS TRASH . and to impose upon the community. That we may not be misunderstood, we would state that the 7iame of the firm above alluded to is TILTON & McFARLAND, and that their place of business is at No. 26 Cedar Stubet, in the City of New York. The Safes are generally disposed of through third parties, who are irresponsible. WE CAUTION THE PUBLIC to be on their guard when purchasing Safes, as the celebrated WILDER PATENT SALAMANDER SAFE Known to be the great Fire-Proof Safe of the World, IS MARKED -WILDER'S PATENT," and is for sale only by Messrs. STEARNS & MARVIN, No. 40 Murray Street, Messrs. QUIRK BROTHERS, No. 98 Maiden Lane, And at our Warehouse, Wo. 191 BROAD VTA V, corner of Dey Street, New York, where a full assortment can always be found. B. O. WIIiDJCR & CO. 113 EXPRESS HISTORY. 1 1 (J by babbling brooks and still rivers. And now, in place of those admirable stage-men, who gave such a dignity and popularity to their calling in that olden time, we have conductors, Lyman Brooks and Aaron King, whose care and attention to the accommodation of travellers are no less than theirs. For many years those gentlemen have been serv- ing the public upon this admirably-managed road, " winning golden opinions from all sorts of people,'' by their uniformly agreeable and correct deport- ment. Lyman Brooks has been upon this Railroad from the commencement. G. W. Bentley, the su- perintendent of the Worcester and Nashua Rail- road, became connected with its direction in 1849, and has labored zealously ever since, to promote its popularity and increase its revenue. The clean- liness of the cars, the neatness and orderly system of the offices, and the thorough repair in which the track and rolling-stock are kept, speak his praises louder than words can do. J. G. Stiles, to whom we have alluded, is now superintendent of one of the Horse Railroads, in Boston. The original Worcester Expressman was S. S. Leonard. He started it as long ago as 1840; pass- ing, as his own messenger, over the Boston and Worcester Railroad twice a day. Fuller, a con- ductor upon the Worcester and Norwich Rail- road, (we learn from Albert Roath, one of the best conductors ever upon that route,) did a kind of Express service about the same time, between the 13 114 EXPRESS HISTORY. two latter cities. Fuller^s Express is now well known. Benjamin P. Cheney, since famous in the East as an Express pioneer and proprietor, was formerly a stage-driver. Cheney & Co's express lines are very useful in Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Ver- mont; as those of the Hope Express are in New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania. Pullen & Co's Harlem R. R. Express, No. 2 Tryon Row, was originated by E. T. Dudley in 1850. In 1858, after passing through divers hands, it became the property of Pullen & Co. It is ably conducted by Fred. T. Pullen, a son of the veteran Major J. A. Pullen. The line is upwards of 130 miles in extent, and includes about seventy places of deliv- ery en route. Brees & Co^s line, founded by Bailey Brees, in 1855, and now conducted by his son, Stephen B. Brees, extends from this city to Hackettstown, N. J., over the Morris & Essex R. R., and by the Sus- sex R. R. to Newton, N. J. The Baggage Express business was originated by Arnoux. Warren Studley, in 1852, made it quite an institution, for the accommodation of the pas- sengers of the N. Y. and N. Haven R. R. He now employs many elegant wagons. Every large city in this country now has its baggage expresses. The charge for the transportation of baggage between the railroad depots and hotels, or other residences in the corporation limits, is 25 cents per package. IUb f iiii 1^ ^if n MANUFACTURED BY FHIUDELPHIA, FA, The Celebrated Elliptic Lock Stitch and Improved Shuttle Sew- ing Machines manufactured by this House are sold by their Agents in every large city and town in America, and they are WARRANTED TO EVERY PURCHASER !!!! They have been tested in the most thorough manner, and the manufacturers having in every case defeated competition, Challenge the World to produce their equal in the rapidity and beauty of execution, the elegance of work upon all fabrics, and in their simplicity of construction and ease of operation; and they further claim for them, that in all the Sewing Machines now before the people, they are universally admitted THE NEATEST ! THE CHEAPEST ! ! THE BEST!!! No. 1129 Beach Street, PHIIiAD£LPHIA. lU W. p. UHLINGER & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KIXDS OF o y OFFISE m^ SALESROOM, 628 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Our LOOP-STITCH SEWING MACHINES have now been before the public some years, and have established a reputation for themselves wherever they have been introduced. The three qualities, Simplicity, Durability and Cheapness requisite for a FIRST-CLASS SEWING MACHINE, have been combined in ours, which all those using them will admit. They are adapted to all kinds of work, whether for Private F.\miues or Maxufactcreiw. Of late we have also commenced to manufacture Wm\i UR lOCKSTITOH MACHii. in order to offer our customers every variety of Sewing Machines; and we can say without boasting, that we have succeeded in producing one that has been pronounced by COMPETENT JUDGES the MOST PERFECT Sewing MACHINE cvcr invented. MANUFACTURERS;OF LEATHER WORK will please notice that we guarantee this Machine to be better adapted for Leather Work than any other Sewing Machine. Finer grades of sewing it will do equally as weU. For further particulars, please address as above. A few Agencies open yet in different parts of the Unioui W. p. Uhlinger & Co. Hermann Albrecht. 115 EXPRESS HISTORY. 115 The Baggage Express has a contract for exclusive privileges on the railroad with which it connects, and on every train has a messenger, who applies to each passenger just before the cars reach their destination, and receives bis checks and orders as to the delivery of his trunks, &c. The customer then has no further care in the matter, but as soon as he arrives may proceed directly to his residence or hotel, with the assurance that his baggage will follow him in quick time and good order. By this means the hackney-coach nuisance is almost en- tirely abated, and we rarely hear now of imposi- tions by drivers upon passengers. The Manhattan Express Company (Westcott, Dodd & Co., Proprietors,) has its main office at 'No. 168 Broadway, but it is in fact almost ubiquitous on this great little island of Manhattan, as well as in the neighboring cities, which its numerous hand- some green wagons, lettered in gold, and drawn by some of the best horses in the world, are con- stantly traversing, for the delivery and collection of baggage and other packages. This Company, now so extensive and invaluable in its metropolitan operations, had its origin in the smallest possible beginning. It was commenced in 1851 by Robert F. Westcott, (now the senior mem- ber of the prosperous and enterprising firm of Westcott, Dodd & Co.,) with a single horse and wagon. In 1855, A. S. Dodd, at that time con- nected with the National Express Company, and 116 EXPRESS HISTORY. principal manager of the New Jersey Express Com- pany, became associated with him in his city ex- press business, at which time Westcott had largely increased his operations. He foresaw that a grand business might be made, with the aid of judicious headwork and more capital, and was fortunate in securing both. ■ It was known for a time as the Westcott Express, but on account of a consolida- tion and new organization, it assumed in 1858 the style of "The Manhattan Express Company." Westcott, Dodd & Co. have at present 50 branch offices throughout the cities of New York, Brook- lyn, Williamsburgh, Jersey City, Hoboken, Staten Island, and at Long Branch. Their wagons make delivery every two hours. The Manhattan Com- pany's Baggage Agents may always be found upon the trains of the Hudson River Railroad, the New York and Erie Railroad, the New Jersey Railroad, and the New Jersey Central Railroad; the Long Branch line, the North River boats Thomas Pow- ell and Daniel Drew, the Norwich and Worcester line for Boston, and the New Haven steamboats Elm City and Traveler; also upon the New York and Savannah steamers, Mitchill line and Crom- well line, the Central Railroad of Georgia, and Florida steamboats. To render the operation of their various lines and fifty offices entirely perfect, the Manhattan Express Company now use, between their distant offices in the metropolis, a Telegraph, by means of STUART & PETERSON MANUFACTUKE Cooking aiiir lark ^taks, TINNED IRON HOLLOW^ WARE, Turned Iron Hollow Ware, Plain Iron Hollow Ware, Heavy Iron Hollow Ware, Ia m MISCilili/iMOOS HARBWARi GOODS, mn%, i®l AHi MEAL illLLi, 13th and Willow Streets, PHILADELPHIA, 116 STIMSON, YALENTINE & CO., FaCIOKT, KlV£Kt3IUB, fiRIGHTON. Stuks, 30 Isdul Strekt. COACH-MAKERS' VARfilSH km JAPAN, Fnrniture-Manufactnrers', Painters', and Builders' Matnred Varnishes, of finest quality, luit&ble for the Home, Tropical, and ail Foreign Markets. IfHlTE COACH BODY, BEST WEARING BODY, RAIL ROAD CAR, ELASTIC COACH BODY, A. G. STIMSON, IMPERIAL COACH BODY, CARRIAGE FINISHING, BODY FINISHING, LIGHT RUBBING, No. 1 COACH, ENAMEL LEATHER, IMPERL^ COACH JAPAN. L. VALENTINE, H. C. VALENTINE. " 7%« New York Coach-Makers^ Magazine,^ in the course of a long article upon the manufacture of Yarnishes, devotes considerable space to a notice of Stimson, Valentine & Go's extensive and flourishing factory, near Bos- ton, where a celebrated Newark Varnish maker, Mr. John Babcock, is the chief operator and superintendent. The Magazine closes by saying: " This firm do a large business in the common grades of Varnish. Their * Rail Road Car Varnish ' is preferred to the best of English. Their Piano- polishing and flowing Varnishes are used all over the country. Their sup- ply of stock and tools used by both house and carriage painters is equal in . -SAT. , and then in a railroad car used by the defendants for the transportation of packages intrusted to them, of a package of money containing $981. The package was marked and directed : " Russell & Annis, " Care of Dawley, *' Port Gibson. *' Express Agent, Vienna.— $981.' and was so directed in pursuance of the order of the plaintiffs. It was proved that the defendants' business was carried on along the line of the Cen- tral Railroad from Albany to Buffalo, and that they had agents and kept offices in the cities and princi- pal villages along the line of the railroad, solely for their Express business. The agent at Canan- daigua was a witness for the plaintiffs, and testified that he was in the habit of receiving packages at the cars; if the place of destination was on a side route, off' from the railroad, he kept them till they were called for; if directed to persons in his village he delivered them personally; he had an iron safe to keep them in, which was the joint property of himself and the defendants; he frequently received Express packages addressed to consignees oft' the railroad, and further addressed to his care as "Ex- press agent," and that he treated and delivered them, as he did all other r)acka2:es, as before men- 124 EXPRESS HISTORY. tioned. Dawley, the defendants' agent at Vienna, was also a witness for the plaintiffs. He proved the receipt of the packages in question by him; the package was kept over night, in his office, in an iron safe belonging to the defendants. He cor- roborated the testimony of the agent at Canandai- gua as to the defendants' mode of doing their busi- ness. He further testified that he was in the habit of sending packages to Port Gibson, which is off the line of the railroad, by a stage line; the pack- age in question was sent in that manner the next morning after it arrived at Vienna, and was lost. The defendants' counsel asked the court to non- suit the plaintiffs, on the gi'ound that, from the evi- dence, the duty of the defendants was to carry the package to Vienna and there deliver it to Dawley, and, having done that, their liability was at an end. The judge decided that the defendants were to be held as common carriers from Amsterdam to Vien- na, but not from Amsterdam to Port Gibson; and that the evidence established that Dawley was the agent of the plaintiffs to receive from the defend- ants the package in question at Vienna, and that it was delivered by the defendants to him, and held by him, as such agent, for which reasons the defend- ants were not Hable. He directed a nonsuit, and the plaintiffs took exceptions. The judgment thereupon entered for the defendants was on ap- peal affirmed by the Supreme Court, at general term in the seventh district, and the plaintiffs ap- pealed to this court. Henry R Selden, for the appellants. Cambridge Livingston, for the respondents. Johnson, Ch. J. The plaintiffs were nonsuited ^s© ^r^^ HOTEL, B"S- iiStl^M 111 Mem I'Wft ' ^S r '*!> mmm mmiM liWf \&i,ai 'M'^mi^wi No. 26 State Street, &/z/LQAlte the c^'late JSniACj 124 ROGERS BROTHERS MT6 CO. Manufacturers of Superior Quality of SILVER'PLATED WARE IN GREAT VARIETY, HARTFORD, Conn. No. 17 MAIDEN LANE, New York. 145 WASHINGTON ST., Boston. SAMPLE ROOMS, I ^^"^ "' — — ^.-...^, IN OUR ASSORTMENT MAY BE FOUND Spoons; Forks; Ladles; Fish Carvers and Forks; Knives tor Pic, (Jake, Fish, Ice Cream, Pudding and Crumb; Aspara<^us and Ice Tongs; Dining and Dessert Knives, in variety; Napkin Rings; Knife Rests; Call Bells; Card Baskets; Cups; Goblets; Spoon Cups; Egg Cups; Toast Racks; Salt Cellars; Mustard Cups; Sugar Baskets; Butter Coolers ; Butter Boats; Gravy Tureens; Berry or * Preserve Dishes; Syrup Cups; Bouquet Yases; Casters; Cake Baskets; Fruit Stands; Ice Bowls; Pickle and Pre- serve Stands; Wine Stands; Communion Ware; Soup and Oyster Tureens; Vegetable and Steak Dishes; Entree Dishes ; Dish Covers ; Wine Coolers; Pitchers; Ice Urns and Pitchers; Tea Sets; Urns; Kettles; Waiters, ." The counsel for the plaintiff then rested his case. It was then admitted by the counsel for the de- fendants, that a receipt for the package had been given by their agent at New Orleans, which cor- responded in its terms with the statement in the complaint. The counsel for the plaintiff then admitted, that on the outside of the envelope which contained the bonds was endorsed the words and figures " James Holford, Esq., 49 William Street, New York — value $40,000." The counsel for the defendants then called A, L. Stimson, who, being sworn, testified as fol- lows: I am an expressman in Adams & Co.'s office; I have been there about three years; I am in the New Orleans department; I have charge of it; the business of Adams & Co. consists in transporting parcels and freight to most parts of the country, and also to California; they also transport valuable packages, which compensates for the small amounts they receive for the carriage of articles of small intrinsic value; in the transportation of parcels, the valuable parcels compensate for transporting less valuable packages, and enable Adams & Co. to transport the less valuable packages cheaper than C. S. IIIAL.TBT, T)EALER IN riESH, iPioEi m§ mvE \/ 'S O M No. 11 WEST FIFTH STREET, SOUTH SIDE, FOUR DOORS FROIVI mAIl¥, CINCINNATI, Ohio. ROBERT ORR, Agrent. 130 JOHN D. PARK (EstabUahed in 1841,) WHOLKSALK DEALKR IN PATEiT lEilC ^ DRUGGISTS' AETICLES, FANCY GOODS, Pomades, Bair Oils, Hair Dyes, mm, MUSHES, soaps, perfumery, cutlery, PORT MONNAIES, PURSES, POCKET BOOKS, Cigar Cases, Tobacco Boxes, Shaving Boxes, Variety Goods, Card Cases, Tablets, Hand Mirrors, Shawl Pius, Belts, Steel Pods, Tweezers, Key Rings, Cosmetics, Colognes, Toilet Articles, Playing Cards, Violin Strings, Coral Necklaces, Beads, Dolls, Hair Pins, Garters, Fans, &c., &c. N. E. CORNER FOURTH AND WALNUT STREETS. iiEiiiii Wins ill PREPARED BY JOHN D. PARK, Cincinnati,, Ohio. SPARKLING CATAWBA, (Quarts and Pints.) The rival of French Champagne. STILL CATAWBA, Corresponding to German Hock Wines. CATAWBA BRANDY, Distilled from Catawba Wine. Strictly pure; for medicinal purposes unrivaled. 19 v&Mi»iAwaiw aiOiaiaA Na^9 su/iiiiMi;j'o Alcohol, 76, 92, and 98; Cologne Spirits; Neutral Spirits; Camphene ; Burning Fluid; Coal Oil; Linseed Oil; Lard Oil. JOHN D. PARK, N. E. Corner of Fourth and "Walnut Streets, 131 EXPRESS HISTORY. 131 they otherwise would; we have agencies at the prin- cipal points of the Union. Being asked by the defendants' counsel what was the usual compensation of Adams & Co. for receiving at New Orleans, and for transporting and dehvering in New York, packages of value; the question was objected to by the plaintiff's counsel, which objection was overruled by the judge; to which decision of the judge the plaintiff's counsel excepted. The witness answered, One per cent, on the value of the package. Counsel for the defendants then asked the witness: What is the usual charge of other expressmen and carriers, for transporting packages of value from New Orleans to New York ? To which question the plaintiff's counsel objected, which objection was overruled; to which decision of the judge the plaintiff's counsel objected. The witness then answered, One per cent, on the value — that is the usual charge of Adams k Co. ; it is my impression that the steamships charged at the same rate; it is invariably our customary charge; we make special bargains with people sometimes. Being cross-examined by the plaintiff's counsel, the witness testified: There are about sixty Express offices in the city of New York; this number includes all sorts — the local expresses as well as the large ones; I never was employed in the express business before I en- gaged with Adams & Co.; I have never known Adams & Co. to transport Arkansas bonds before; I don't remember their transporting any bonds ex- cept some Texas bonds; I can't say whether thejr did or not; I don't remember any other bonds than the Texas and Arkansas bonds. 132 EXPRESS HISTORY. Being asked by plaintiff 's counsel what articles of value the defendants have forwarded, he says: I cannot name any articles of value particularly; I cannot name a single parcel; I remember a parcel of gold dust worth $1,000. Being again examined hi the direct, the witness said: Packages, when brought to us to be forwarded, are usually sealed; we rely as to the value of the package on the declaration of the party employing us; sometimes he don't declare its value; we then let it go as a common parcel; the charge on these bonds as a common parcel would have been $1,50; there is no diff'erence between parcels of valuable goods and common articles in the care we take of them; we charge one per cent, on the value over a certain amount; 1 remember the bill of this parcel; when this package was I'eceived it was sealed; we always ask as to the contents. Being again cross-examined, the witness testified: war, RIsht Vay and One Day Office Clocks, Bank and Chnrrh GIoclu» Railroad Clocks, Steamboat Clocks, Patent l.erer Clocks, Alarm Clocks, Clocks Tor Halls and Publir Baildings. Fine JBegu- lators; Parlor, Chamber and Kitchen Clocks, Gilt W^auh 8igns, Clock 'J'rimmings, Arc, &c. All of whi iisr i8ss. SPECtJiL, J%'OTICE.—DISCOUJrT. I have heretofore adhered to the rule of making no discount to any but the trade; but being convinced of certain practices amongst most of the dealers, which had a tendency to increase my wholesale, at the expense of my retail trade, 1 have de- termined from this date to make the following discount to dentisis, viz: On all purchases made at my store for cash, or orders by mail or otherwise, inclos- ing the cash, ten per cent, on all sums from ten to seventy-five dollars. From seven- ty-five to two hundred, twelve per cent, discount; and one per cent, additional on every fifty dollars, up to five hundred. JVo discount on Gold Foil, Plate or Platina. Always send enough money to pay for what you order, and the surplus, if any, will be returned in specie with the goods. 144 D. BERRIEN & CO., 252 and 357 Pearl Street, New York, IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURERS OP Of every description. Also, Manufacturers- of BLMSim', MOEDIRS', 11 KIMEN BELLOWS, DEALERS IN DRESSED AP UNDRESSED GIN BRISTLES. BERRIEN'S JUSTLY CELEBRATED FRICTION MATCHES, Warranted to keep in any climate. ESTABLISHED IN 1819. We would call the attention of the Trade to eur large and extensive assortment of of our own manufacture and importation, feeling confident that we can offer as great, if not better inducements to purchasers, than any other House in the city for the same class and quality of goods. We have been manufacturers of the above-named articles for over forty years, and hav9 the satisfaction of knowing that wherever our articles of manufacture are introduced, none ever take their place. We would call the attention of purchasers particularly to our large and great variety of especially the quality of the same, our CKLEBRATEB B£JL£.OWS of various qualities, and to our WORLD REBrOWigSD FRICTZON MATCHZSS, warranted to keep in any climate. The trade and purchasers are respectfully invited to call and examine for them- selves, before purchasing elsewhere. Orders carefully and promptly filled. Price Lists, with full information, sent to any address. 145 EXPRESS HISTORY. 145 As the case presents the facts, the defendants received the goods and undertook to carry them. They stipulated that they should not be charged for any loss or damage unless caused by fraud or gross negligence, and that the plaintiff should be requir- ed to prove fraud or such negligence in order to be entitled to recover. The defendants, if made liable, agreed to pay whatever might be shown to be the value of the property; such value, at all events, to be deemed less than $150. The plaintiff has de- manded the goods at the place at which the de- fendants have agreed to deliver them; and they have not complied with the demand, nor assigned any reason or excuse for their failure to do so. If the contract had been set out according to its legal effect, as evidenced by the paper signed by Griffin, no other proof of fraud or gross negligence could well have been given, than such as was fur- nished in this case. When the defendants admit, or it is proved, that they took the goods, and agreed to carry and de- liver them at a place named, and they admit that they did not carry and deliver them there — and the only question is, whether their default results from fraud or misconduct; if it appears that the plaintiff called at the proper place and demanded his goods, and the defendants refused to deliver them, without explaining or apologising for their conduce, the plaintiff would seem to have given all the evidence of fraud or negligence that should be required in the first instance. Frankness and good faith require that carriers, under such circumstances, should give some expla- nation of their conduct. It is known to themselves, and cannot be presumed to be known to the plaint- 146 EXPRESS HISTORY. iff. It is easy for them to state the cause of the loss or injury, and thus enable a plaintiff to exam- ine into the truth of their statements. But when they refuse to deliver the goods, and fail to suggest any ground for such refusal, or to give any explanation of their conduct, I think a plaintiff has proved enough, unexplained, to make a prima facie case of fraud or gross negligence. {Beardslee v. Richardson, 11 Wendell, 25; Angel k Ames on Carriers, § 38, n. 4, ed. of 1851.) The defendants did not object that they were not required by the pleadings to come prepared to try the question whether their conduct had been fraud- ulent or grossly negligent; but the objection was, that no evidence of such conduct had been given. The main question was, whether the defendants had undertaken to carry and deliver the goods, and had broken their contract. They did agree to carry and deliver; but the evidence disclosed that this agreement was subject to the further agreement, that the plaintiff should have no claim on them for loss or damage, unless he proved that such loss or damage was caused by their fraud or gross neghgence. The plaintiff gave all the proof that this condi- tion required. If the defendants had objected that the complaint contained no averment of fraud or gross negligence, the court might have ordered an amendment at the trial. All that the complaint alleged was proved. The most that can be said is, that the agreement pro- duced required the plaintiff to prove more, in order to recover, than he had averred. To this it may be answered, that such proof was given. The de- fendant did not object that the plaintiff could not D. D ILLER No. 190 Water Street, New York, I' f MANUFACTURER OF SIGNAL AND HAND LTil!' |1L1 i FIEEMEN'S TRUMPETS, TOECHES & SIGNALS. ALSO, SOLE MANUFACTURER OP BLAKE'S PATENT ARM LANTERN. N. B. — Orders by Mail filled with punctuality and dispatch. 146 GILCHRIST & DANIELS, OE^^JLERS Ijr MMOGMY. ROSEWOQO ZEBRA WOOD, SATIN" WOOD, HOLLY, AND OTBEK Pi I Nos. 204 and 206 Franklin Street, One door West of Washington, JOHN^L? d'aniels! [ ^S^ £i^ W!f M. ^^l^^^^S^Q 147 EXPRESS HISTORY. 147 give the proof because he had not alleged the fact, but that he had failed to give the necessary proof. If he was mistaken as to the effect of the evidence, as we think he was, the objection made is untena- ble. There are no variances between the pleadings and proofs, which should not, under the circum- stances, be disregarded. (Code, §§ 169 and 170. 2 Kernan, 24-25.) There is another consideration which is fatal to the defence. The complaint does not allege, nor was there any evidence tending to show, that the package was actually lost. The complaint states that the defendants received the package, and un- dertook to carry it and to deliver it at Philadelphia. That a delivery has been demanded there, and at the office of the defendants in New York, and that they have wholly neglected and refused, and still refuse to deliver it. To make the qualifying clause of the contract available to the defendants, after the plaintiff had proved the case stated in the complaint, it was in- cumbent on the defendants to give evidence tend- ing to show that it was lost, or that they were not' able to deliver it, in consequence of its destruction, or of its being placed beyond their control by some casualty arising "from the dangers of railroad, steam, or river navigation, leakage, fire, or some other cause." Then it would be the duty of the plaintiff to show that the cause of the loss, destruction, or other dis- ability of the defendants to deliver, occurred from the * ' fraud or gross negligence of the defendants, their agents or servants." But it cannot be pretended that the plaintiff can- not recover, for a refusal to deliver the article, if 148 EXPRESS HISTORY. the defendants have the power to deUver it. Nei- ther the complaint nor the answer alleges a loss of the package, nor any inability of the defendants to deliver it. It was not suggested on the trial that it had been actually lost. The concluding part of the contract is inopera- tive, except in case of an actual loss of the pack- age. When the proof shows a loss of it, that an- swers the plaintifi'^s claim, until he gives proof that the loss resulted from fraud or gross negligence. As the case is presented to us, it is simply a case of a refusal to comply with a demand, made in due form, at the proper place, to deliver the package. The refusal is not accompanied by any explanation. No suggestion was made that it was lost. The case, therefore, as far as the rights and liabilities of the parties to this action are concerned, is the same as if this qualifying clause was out of the contract. There is nothing in the facts of the case on which it can operate. {Hearn v. The London and South' Western Railway Co., 29 Eng. L. and Eq. R., 494.) There must be a judgment for the plaintiff; but, as the value of the property was not disclosed, the verdict must be reduced to $149.99. Judgment accordingly for plaintiff, with costs. Sweet & Faulkner v, Barney, President of th United States Express Company. Prima facie, a person receiving money is entitled to it, and does not become a debtor to the person delivering it. Some evidence in explanation of the transaction is necessary, to establish a lia- bility by the receipt of the money. ^^;y^^^u5^ (^^^v; \?«\ .ViV^^-NVM. HEGEMIN, €LAUK & CO'S GENUINE COD LIVER OIL has stood the test of 12 years' experience, and proved the best and purest in use. See that it has the signature over the cork, and the eagle and mortar on the label. HEGEMAN & GO'S CATARRH AND BRONCHIAL PASTILLES. For Colds in the Head, Hoarseness, &c. 25 cts. per box. HEGEMAN & GO'S COMPOUND CAMPHOR ICE with GLYCERINE, For Chopped IlnndM and Face, Sore L.ip8, Sunburn, &t., &c. The virtues both of Camphor and Glycekine for the above affections of the skin aro too well known to need comment — our effort has been to combine them in a convenient and agreeable form for the toilet. HEGEMAN & GO'S Comp. Wild Cherry Lozenges, For Coughs, Colds, &c. 25 cts. per Box. HEGEMAir& GO'S COMPOUND ALUM AND KINO LOZENGES, For Sore Throats, Hoar-senrss, &c. "Vsefnl and Economical." HEGEMAN & GO'S BENZINE, for the instant removal of grease spots, paints.&c, &c., and for cleaning gloves, silks, ribbons, &c,, equal to new, without injury to color or fabric. Sold by druggists; only 25 cents per bottle. Sea that you get the genuine article. FLUID EXTRACT OF ARNICA. For Bruises, Sprains, &c. This preparation of Arnica Flowers should be in every family, for in the event of a bruise or sprain, if applied immediately, it prevents inflammation, and saves days and sometimes weeks of pain and suffering. 50 cents per bottle. HEGEMAN & GO'S Cordial Elixir of Calisaya Barl (Peruvian Bark.) The virtues ot Peruvian Bark as a Tonic have been too long known to need comment. The Ca- lisaya (or " King's Bark") is the most valuable of the numerous varieties of the Peruvian Bark, and in the Elixir is combined with other ingredients that increase its efficacy and at the same time over- come the intensity of its bitter, rendering it a most agreeable cordial. For persons Hving in Fever and Ague districts it will be found invaluable as a preventive, half a wineglass taken night and morning, rendering the system much less subject to the unhealthy influ- ence of the atmosphere. $1.00 per bottle. VKLPE AU'S celi:bratf<:d Diarrhoea Remedy and Cholera Preventive. The reraai-kable success of this remedy during the Cholera of l840 and 1865, has given it a great celebrity, and a single dose rarely fails to check » Diarrhoea: it is no .'.ecret preparation, but the names of the ingredients are on each label, and highly recommended by the most eminent physi- cians. 50 cents per bottle. HEGEMAN & GO'S This delightful preparation for the Hair is made from Castor Oil. deprived of its objectionable prop- erties, and combined with ingredients calculated to promote the growth of tlio Hair, and keep the head entirely free from dandruff; and while it be- stows a most beautiful glo.ss, it is not so greasy and offensive as the Pomatums, &c., so generally used. It has a most agreeable perfume, and U very popular with Indies for Dressing the Hair. In bottles 50 cents. 148 ^t gofuK-Cofon Store for Pen's Jurnisjing ioobs, 97 WILLIAM ST., Established in 1834. LITCHFIELD & DOYLE, MANUFACTURERS, JOBBERS AND RETAILERS OF iirs risiiisiis siiii. A complete assortment always on hand, and offered at the SUPERIOR SHIRTS MADE TO ORDER. STIIES. 3 Plait Bosoms. i Plait Bosoms. T Plait Bosoms. 9 Plait Bosoms. 11 Plait Bosoms. 13 Plait Bosoms. Fine French Bosoms. STYLES. Cross Plait Bosoms. Diagonal Plait Bosoma. Ruffle Bosoms. Marseilles Bosoms. Embroidered Bosoms- Fancy Cbmbric do. Fancy Linen do. WE WOULD INVITE PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO OUR The reputation this establishment has already acquired is evidence of their superior- ity. Our arrangements for manufacturing are complete, which enables us to meet all orders promptly, and in every instance we war- rant tatis faction. A full line of samples on hand, to which we solicit an examination. LITCHFIELD & DOTLE, 97 WiUiam Street, (Old Stand, Established in 18S4,) between Maiden Lane and Jolin St&., New York. 149 EXPRESS HISTORY. I49 Hence, a bank in the city to which a package of money is sent by bankers in the country, by Express, being considered the owner of the money, may authorize the same to be delivered at the of- fice of the Express Company, or at any other place in the city, to any person it may select; and the Express Company, on mak- ing such a delivery, will be discharged of their obligation in re- spect to the delivery, whether, their obligation be that of common carriers or of forwarders only. The substance and spirit of what the persons sending the money, under such circumstances, exact, and the Express Company un- dertake, in regard to a delivery, is, that there shall be such a delivery in the city as will charge the bank there with the re- ceipt of the money, as between it and the persons sending it. Where a package of money thus sent is directed to a bank in the City of New York, at its usual place of business, it is the duty of the Express Company — in the absence of any authority from the bank for a different mode of delivery — to deliver the package at the banking office, to the officer or clerk whose business it is to receive money for the bank. And if it appears that it is the usual course of business of the Ex- press Company to deUver money packages according to their address, it will be assumed that any particular package was de- livered to and received by the Company in any reference to that practice, where there is no express contract in regard to the place of delivery, or the officer or person to whem the delivery shall be made. In case of a package of money sent by country bankers to a bank in the City of New York, directed to it at its place of business, only a delivery at the office, to the proper officer of the bank, will be a delivery according to the address on the package, or which will charge the bank with the money. But a delivery at the banking office to the general receiving agent, being for the benefit of the bank alone, the bank may waive the same, and receive the money at a different place in the city, and by a different agent, and the Express Company be thereby dis- charged from liability. 15* 150 EXPRESS HISTORY. The delivery of the money by the Express Company, at their of- fice, to a person usually employed as a porter at the bank, being insuflBcient, unless it was authorized by the bank, it is incumbent on the Company, for their defense, to prove such authority. This may be direct and express, or implied from the acts of the porter, such as receiving money for the bank, on other occasions, at the Express office, sent to it in a similar way and with a sim- ilar address as that in question, with the knowledge and assent of the bank. Appeal from a judgment entered at a special term, after a trial at the circuit. In November, 1854, the plaintiffs, being bankers in Livingston County, sent by the United States Express Compa- ny, of which the defendant was president, a sealed package of bank bills, directed on the cover to •'People's Bank, 173 Canal Street, New York." The agent of the Express Company, on receiving the package in Livingston County, gave the follow- ing receipt: "United States Express Company, " Office, No. 82 Broadway, New York. "Nov. 18, 1854. " S. Sweet & Co. have delivered to us one package money, marked as follows: 'People's Bank, 173 Ca- nal Street, N. Y.,' and said to contain twenty-eight hundred and ninety-two dollars, which we under- take to forward to New York, or to the nearest agency of this Company only, perils of navigation excepted. And it is hereby expressly agreed that said United States Express Company are not to be held liable for any loss or damage, except as for- warders only; nor for any loss or damage of any box, package or thing, for over $150, unless the just and true value thereof is herein stated; nor for WM. SIMMONS, (late of 564 Broadway,) Importer, Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer in MILLINERY AND STRAW GOODS, No. 637 Broadway, up stairs, New York. UNION ADAMS, MANUFACTURER OF SHIRTS AND HOSIERY TO ORDER, 150 NEW YORK MACHINERY DEPOT. STEVENS, BHOTHEH & CO., No. 222 Pearl Street, New York, Uanufactnrers and Sealers in every description of I J^NJD BOILERS, And all other Wood Working MachincL^, of the latest improvements. Every size, kind, and quality of LMES, PMIRS, DRILLS, BOLT CUTTERS, &C., M. SUPERIOR BELTING, (Leather and Rubber,) ff/lffff/r AND OTHER COMPOSITION METALS, with every article wanted in a Machine Shop. SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF 13. IDIOXS. ' IS CELEBRATED ANTI-FRICTION iiliii, PiiilEi ill PiliiES. the most effective, economical and labor-saving machines in the world. S. B. & Co. possessing great advantages in manufacturing and in supplying them- selves with Machinery, &c., pledge themselves to fill all orders sent {o them at prices that cannot but give satisfaction to all who favor them with their business. TERMS CASH. We charge no extra profit for risks of credit. We give full value for the money, and deal honestly with all. 151 EXPRESS HISTORY. 151 any loss or damage by fire; nor upon any property or thing unless properly packed and secured for transportation; nor upon frail fabrics, unless so marked upon the package containmg the same; nor upon any fabrics consisting of or contained in glass. **For the proprietors, W. W. Finch, Agt. " Contents unknown." This action was brought to recover damages for the non-delivery of the package. The answer ad- mitted the receipt of a package from S. Sweet & Co., directed to the "People's Bank, 173 Canal Street, New York," on the day aforesaid, but de- nied any knowledge or information of its contents, and put in issue the residue of the complaint. The defense set up in the answer was, in substance, 1. That the defendants were not common carriers, but Express forwarders; that their undertaking was evidenced by the receipt delivered by them at the time of receiving the package; that such paper cre- ated an obligation only to transport to New York, which was done, but not to deliver the same at the bank, or to the officers thereof, and averred a de- livery. The cause came on for trial at the Liv- ingston circuit, before Mr. Justice Johnson, and a jury, on the 9th of October, 1855. The plaintiff proved the receipt of the package by the defend- ants; that it contained bank notes; that the plaint- iffs had not received the package or the proceeds thereof It was also proved that the Express Com- pany forwarded the package to their office in New York. On its arrival, (on 20th November,) a per- son named Messenger, in the employ of the Peo- ple's Bank, called for it, received it there, aiid gave a receipt for it in the book of the Company. The 152 EXPRESS HISTORY. book showed that he had thus received and receipt- ed for the bank every package directed to it, and carried by the Company during that month; this being the tenth in number. It was further shown that this Messenger had received for the six previ- ous months more than half of the packages intend- ed for the bank; that this mode of deUvery to him was adopted at the request of the officers of the bank; that it was for their accommodation, and not for that of the Express Company; that packages so delivered had been regularly credited by the bank, and no exception taken. This package thus deliv- ered to Messenger was stolen from him before he got to the banking house. The bank then, for the first time, disowned the agency of Messenger, and indemnified the plaintiffs. The counsel for the defendants offered to show that John J. Messenger was in the habit of receiv- ing from the defendants packages of money ad- dressed to the bank, and did such other acts out of the bank; that a delivery to him at places other than at the bank was a good delivery to the bank. The counsel for the plaintiffs objected to any evi- dence of the acts of Messenger at places other than at the bank, or of a deUvery to him at such places, by the defendants, of packages of money addressed to the bank as a delivery to the bank, unless they showed it was with the knowledge and authority of the bank. The court overruled the objection, and held that the defendants could show the nature and character of Messenger's employment and acts for the bank outside the banking house; and could in this connection show the delivery by the defend- ants to Messenger at places other than at the bank- ing house at No. 173 Canal Street, at different EVANS ^ WATSON'S SALAMANDER SAFE. Oswego, N. Y., March 27, 1860. _ Gentlemen— It affords me much pleasure to inform you that the Safe, No. 5, [upright,] which I purchashed of B. Stroud, your tniveliug agent, has passed through an exceediugly hot lire, in a three story brick building, which heated the Safe to a white heat, so that the corners of it appeared melted; but it jjreserved my books and valuable papers to the amount of several thousand dollars, for which 1 feel thauktul. Yours, respectfully, J. N. ELDRIDGE. El & W» haFC a lar^e assortment of Salamander Safes, AT THEIE STORE, JVo. 304 €lie§tnut St., Pliiladelpliia, Pa. GREAT FIRE-AN OTHER TRIUMPH I IvNOxviLLE, Tennessee, March 13, 1859. Messrs. Evans & Watson, Phila.: Gentlemen— It atfords me great pleasure to say to you that the Salamander Safe, which I purcliased of you in February, Inos, proved to be what you recommended it — a sure protection from fire. My storehouse, together with several others, was burntd to the ground in March last. The Sate fell through into the cellar, and was ex- posed to intense heat for six or eight hours, and when it was taken from the ruins and open- ed, all its contents were found to be in a perfect state, the books and papers not being injured, any whatever. I can cheerfully recommend your Safes to the community, believing as I do/ that they are as near Qre-prool' as it is possible for any Safe to be made. THOS. J. POWELL. Xjxst of X=Le»fex*exi.oes : United States Mint, Philadelphia. do Arwpuals, Philu. and California. do Navy, Steain.-iliip t^u.squehanna. Germanfown and Norrislown K. R. Co., 4 Safes. Pennsylvania R. R. Co., 20 Safes, City Comptroller. Odd Fellow.s' Hall. Sixth St. Nat. Fund and Loan Asso., 3d and Walnut Sts. Phila.. Wilming on and Bait. R. R. Co., 16 Safes. United Stale.s Ouarterniaster. Pennsylvania Blind Society. Masonic Grand Lodge, Chestnut St. City Bank of Philailelphia. Consolidation B&ak, Philadelphia. Southwestern Rank, Virginia. Bank of Jersey Shore, Penn. do Stroudsburg. do do Newark, Delaware. do Fulton, Atlanta, Geo. do Goldsborough, N. C. do Salisbury, do Lewisburg Bank, Penn. Bank of Raleigh, N. C. do Phoenixville, Penn. do Catasauqua, do do Chester Valley, do Commonwealth Bank, Philad«lphift. Bank of Fottstown. 152 A.. H. RITCHIE, ANO OTHHK IK THE BEST STYLE OP THE ART. (See Portrait of A Tj TIN AI>A!T18, iu this Book, opposite page.) Steel and Copper-plate Printing carefdlly executed, 443 BROADWAY, IVEW YORK. 442 BROADW^AY, NEW YORK, Have recently issued the following Engravings, illustrating events in AMERICAN HISTORY. Engraved by iUr. A. H. Ritchie. "Washington akd his Generals." Illustrating a congratulatory meeting after the War, of Washington with some /or/j/ other Officers of the Revolutionary Army. Size 40x30 inches. Subscription Price Ten Dollars. •' The Triumph op Patriotism.'' — Representing Washington's Triumphal Entry into New York after the Evacuation by the British. From an original drawing by F. 0- C. Darley, N. A. Size 40x30 inches. Subscription Price Ten Dollars. " The First Blow for Liberty." — Representing the Retreat of the Royal Troops from Lexington, pursued by the Patriots, 19th of April, 1775. From a drawing by Darley. Size 36x26 inches. Subscription Price Five Dollars. " Columbus and his Companions," returning to Cadiz in Chains. From the original Paint- ing by E. Leutze. Size 30x22 inches. Subscription Price Three Dollars. " General Andrew Jackson."— PuU-length Portrait. Uniform in size and style with the full-length of Washington. •• Clay and Calhoun."-— Size 34x26 inches. Subscription Price Three Dollars. 153 EXPRESS HISTORY. 163 times, of packages of money addressed to the Peo- ple's Bank, 173 Canal Street, and which afterwards came into the possession of the bank, and were treated by it as regularly received and delivered; and it would be a question of fact for the jury to determine on such evidence whether the same was with the knowledge and authority of the bank, and if so, it was a good delivery to the bank; to which rulings of his honor the judge, the counsel for the plaintiffs excepted. At the close of the testimony, the jury brought in a verdict for the defendants. /. W. Gilbert, for the appellants. 0. Hastings, for the respondents. % the Court, T. R. Strong, J. The plaintiffs were bankers at Dansville; and the People's Bank, to which the package of money was addressed, was the corresponding bank of the plaintiffs in the City of New York. The package was delivered to the de- fendants, as expressed in the receipt, ** to forward to New York;" and the legal inference from this rela- tion between the plaintiffs and the People's Bank, and the sending of the money, in the absence of other evidence on the subject, is that the money was sent as a payment, either upon a pre-existing debt to, or to purchase a credit at that bank, as a pro- vision for drafts. Prima facie, a person receiving money is entitled to it, and does not become a debt- or to the person delivering it; some evidence in explanation of the transaction is necessary, to establish a liability by the receipt of the money. ( Welch V. Seaborn, 1 ^tarh. R. 474. Bogert v. Morse, 1 Comst. 377.) In that view the People's Bank, on the receipt of the money, would be the owners 154 EXPRESS HISTORY. of it; and no good reason is perceived why the bank might not authorize a delivery of the money at the office of the defendants in New York to any person it might select; and the defendants, on making such a delivery, be discharged of their obligation in respect to the delivery, whether their obligation was that of common carriers, or, as stipulated in the receipt, ''forwarders only." The substance and spirit of what the plaintiffs exacted, and the defendants undertook, in regard to a de- livery, was that there should be such a delivery in New York as would charge the bank there with the receipt of the money as between it and the plaintiffs. The plaintiffs were only interested that there should be such a delivery; that the purpose of a payment or purchase of credit should be effected; beyond that the bank was solely interested, and might, with the defendants' consent, direct on the subject as it should think proper. It might with such consent direct the defendants to deliver to any person, at any store or place in the city other than its prin- cipal office or place of business, having regard to its own interests or convenience, or even the conven- ience of the defendants. Independent of authority from the People's Bank for a different mode of delivery, it was doubtless necessary in this case to deliver the money at the banking office, to the officer or clerk whose business it was to receive money for the bank. The course of business of the defendants was to deliver money packages for that city according to their address, and it must be assumed that the one in question was delivered to and received by the defendants in reference to that practice, there being no express contract in regard to the place of dehvery, or the J^O YE S' Designed for (he Saving of the Fuel used for Steam Boilers bv controlling the Draft iu the Flue or Chimney. upon the'pisron in S" 'T ' ^"7 "^ '^ P^""'™ ^''^^e, ) which operates upoD the piston m the machine; the Governor havinff a lever anrt h,Il same as a pa r of steclvarHs- tho B„ii k • . . ™"' where it wHI i„.f , , '^"'^'' *''\^''" ''«"'g ^^t "Pon the Lever at a point the throttle to govern the speed of the Engine The saving of fuel varies from 10 to 15 per cent., and the cost of th« Governor varies from $60 to $100. ^ WILLIAM NOYES, GENERAL AGENT, 219 Centre Street, New York. 154 RICHARD MURPHY, 1050, 1052 and 1054 BROADWAY, Botween 29th and 30th Streets, AKD Nos. 26 and 28 WEST 30th STREET, Between Broad^vay and Fifth Arenuc, i t ^»m ^ ALWAYS ON HAND THE FINEST ASSORTiMENT OF MARBLE MANTELS to be found in the City; comprising all the choice FOREIGI il AlERlCAl lARBLES now in use. Also, MONUMENTS, HEADSTONES, PLUMBERS' TOPS, TILING AND TABLE TOPS. Also, Blocks, Slabs, and Tiles cut to sizes and shipped to any part of the country. 155 EXPRESS HISTORY. 155 officer or person to whom the delivery should be made. The legal dut}^ of the defendants was there- fore to deliver according to their usual course of business; and so far as there was any implied con- tract, it arose out of and corresponded with this legal obligation. Only a delivery at the office, to the proper officer of the bank, would be a delivery According to the address on the package, or which would charge the bank with the money. But, as already stated, I think the bank might receive the money at a different place in the city, and by a dif- ferent agent, and the defendants be thereby dis- charged from liability. A delivery at the banking office, to the general receiving agent, was for the benefit of the bank alone, which the bank might waive, and substitute another place and agent. Any mode of delivery in New York, consistent with the object and intent of the plaintiffs in sending the money, assented to by the bank, would discharge the duty of the defendants as to a delivery of the money. The delivery of the money by the defendants at their office in New York, to a person usually em- ployed as a porter of the People's Bank, being in- sufficient unless it was authorized by the bank, it was incumbent on the defendants for their defense to prove such authority. The authority might be direct and express, or implied from the acts of the person who received the money, such as receiving money for the bank on other occasions, at the de- fendants' office, sent to it in a similar way and with a similar address as that in question, acquiesced in by the bank. {Conover v. Mut. Ins. Co., 1 Comst. 290. Story on Ag. §§ 54 to 56, 84 to 123.) In the present case the defendants relied, in support of 156 EXPRESS HISTORY. such authority, upon presumptive evidence, con- sisting of a series of similar acts by the alleged agent, without, so far as appears, any objection, or even inquiries by the bank at any time, where the money was received. Looking at the charge to the jury in connection with the questions of evidence raised, I think the plaintiffs have no substantial ground for complaint as to the reception of evi- dence on that subject; and I am satisfied there was sufficient evidence of such acts as above referred to, and the knowledge of and acquiescence therein by the bank, to call for the submission of the question of agency to the jury. As to such knowledge by the bank, it must have been possessed by it, unless its officers were guilty of the grossest negligence in omitting to inquire how the money was received; and if they knew it was delivered at the defendants' office for them, they must, in the absence of evi- dence that they objected, be deemed to have assent- ed to the practice of the defendants to make such a delivery. I see no error in the charge or refusals to charge, and am of opinion the judgment should be affirmed. Note. — The foregoing reports of Judicial Decisions are extract- ed from the following named law books, for sale by Halsted & Co., Law Booksellers, No. 1 Nassau Street, New York. Russell & Annis v. Livingston & Wells, vide Smith's New York Reports, Court of Appeals, vol. 2, p. 515. Holford v. Adams & Co., vide Duer's Reports, New York Superior Court, vol. 2, p. 471. Louis Newstadt v. Alvin Adams and others, vide Oner's Reports, New York Superior Court, vol. 5, p. 13. Sweet & Faulkner v. Bar- ney, vide Barbour's Reports, New York Supreme Court, vol. 2i, p. 533. STATIONERS' WAREHOUSE, 75 John Street, N. ¥. IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN Jforeign atii Jomestic ^tati0ner2t ARE AGENTS FOR ^ Thos. De la Rue & Co. iii^-.r A. Pirie & Sons. ~ ■ Moinier. Turner, 3^Htx fap^rs. Fellows, Pirie. iratoing |apm» Whatman, HoUingsworth, Waterston's Prize Medal Sealing Wax. Dowsers Patent Tracing Linen. Arnold's Fluid and Copying Ink, Ac, &c. Sole Agents for Draper's Patent Air-Tight Inkstand. We are now adding to our stock, hy every arrival from France and England, all the novelties, in the way of STAPLE and FANCY STATIONERY, that are produced in the European markets, which, to- gether with our choice and well-selected stock of Goods of this year's importation, we are now offering on better terms than ever heretofore. The very favorable arrangements we have made with European factors will enable us to offer to buyeri from all parts of the country a large and fresh stock of goods at very low prices. We would take this opportunity of returning thanks to our old friends in the Trade for their favors so liberally bestowed heretofore, and trust that we shall still receive their patronage. Wo respect- fully request of buyers an inspection of our stock, before making their purchases elsewhere. 4»"0ur ILLUSTRATED TRADE CATALOGUE will be sent free, by mail, on application. W. & C. K. HERRIOK, The Uld Stand. Remember^ 75 John iSt. 156 The Old Stand. CYRUS W. FIELD & CO., WHOLESALE! P^PE^ ©l^Li[Ri No. 57 BEEEMAN ST., NEW TORK For Publishers. Book Paper, all sizes and weights. Sized and Callendered Book Paper. Tinted Book Paper. Colored Papers for fly leaves. Binders' Boards, &c. For Publishers of Newspapers. Printing Paper, all sizes and weights. Colored Manilla Paper, for Wrappers. Flat Caps, Plain Caps and Letters. News Ink, &c. For Banks. Superfine and 1st Class Letter Paper. " " Cap " u ii Note " Bond Paper. Bank Note Paper. Blotting " Envelopes, &c. For Blank Book lUXanufac- turers. Flat Caps, Demys, Mediums, Royals. Super Royals and Imperials. Double Cap Wrappers. Engine Sized Flat Cap. Binders' Boards, &c. For Paper Manufkcturers. Rags, Foreign and Domestic. Bleaching Powder. Soda Ash. Alum, Rosin. Oil of Vitriol. Pnissiate of Potash. Pulp Blue. Bichromate of Potash. Hypernic, Ultramarine. Paper Scales. Felting, Wire Cloth. Canvas for Dryer Felts. Woolen Dryer Felts. Twine, &c., &o. For Grocers. Wrapping Paper. Straw " Tea " Shoe Writing " Envelopes, &c. For Dry Ck>ods Dealers. 30x40 Manilla. 36x40 40x48 Cap, Letter, and Note Paper. Envelopes, &c. For Printers. Printing Paper, all sizes and weights. Colored " " " Book " " " Flat Caps and Letter Paper. For Stationers. Cap, Letter and Note Paper. Tissue and Colored Paper. Blotting Paper. Envelopes, &c. For Lithographers and Bn- gravers. Lithograph Paper. Bond Paper. Bank Note Paper. For Hardware Dealers and Manufacturers. Hardware and Manilla Paper. Writing Paper and Envelopes. For Fancy Ooods Bouses. Cap, Letter, and Note Paper. Colored and Manilla " Blue and White Bonnet Boards. Brown " " White " " &c. 15t EXPRESS HISTORY. 157 SUPREME COURT— SPECIAL TERM. Before Hon. Judge Morris. Liabilities of Express Companies as Common Carriers. Feb. 13. — Herman Hersfield and others vs. A. Adams Sf Co, The plaintiffs are partners, merchants, having a house at New York and another at Sau Francisco. The defendants are partners, transacting Express business, the forwarding and care of packages for hire from the City of New York to San Francisco, in California. The defendants do not own any of the means (vessels and boats) of transportation be- tween New York and Sau Francisco, neither are they in any manner interested in them, or have they the least management or control of them, either in person or by agents. The packages which the defcnaants expressed to San Francisco, they have con- veyed in their own name from place to place, in the vessels and conveyances owned by others, plying upon the route between the two cities, used in common by the community. The plaintiffs on the 28th day of August, 1850, delivered to the defendants two trunks containing clothing, worth $2,025 loo, to be forwarded and transported by the defendants to San Francisco, to Mr. Burnett, the house of the plaintiffs, to be sold for plaintiffs and on their account. The trunks were properly protected with canvass. The plaintiffs paid to the defendants $219 75 compensation for for- warding and transporting the trunks. The defendants, upon the receipt of the trunks and the money, gave the plaintiffs the fol- lowing receipt: Adams & Co's New York and California Package ) Express.— New York, Aug. 28, 1850. J Received from HersBeld, Burnett & Back, in apparent good order, to be transported by our express, the following articles, marked as below, which we promise to forward in like order, sub- ject to the agreement now made, to Mr. Burnett, at San Fran- cisco. It is agreed, and is part of the consideration of this con- tract, that we are not to be responsible for any loss or damage arising from the dangers of ocean or river navigation, leakage, fire, or from any cause whatever, unless the same be jiroved to have occurred from the fraud or gross negligence of ourselves, our agents or servants; and we are in no event to be made liable be- yond our route as herein receipted, value under $100, unless oth- erwise herein stated. Freight paid here $219 75 — marked [N3,] *50.51. Packages — two trunks. San Francisco. For Adams & Co. COBB. The defendants shipped the trunks on board one of the steam- ers plying between New York and Chagres in their own name, 168 EXPRESS HISTORY. and paid the freight on them, tlie truuks arriving safely at Cha- gres. On the 9th of September, 1850, the defendants shipped these trunks in their own name, paying freight for them, on board of a flatboat, Capt. Thomas Angels, for Cruces, on the route to San Francisco, which was the usual conveyance. The boat arriv- ed safely at a point upon the Chagres River below the town of Varmos, on the evening of the 12th of September, 1850. The night was dark, and the river was rising rapidly. Capt. Angela deemed it imprudent to proceed, and made the boat fast at the bank of the river. At 1 o'clock on the morning of the ] 3th of September, it was discovered that the boat was leaking, owing to the springing of a plank, produced by the pressure of the cur- rent and the drift wood passing down the river, and not by any insuflBciency of the boat or neglect of master or crew. Captain and crew made every effort to prevent the boat sinking; but the pressure of the current caused the boat to careen, and she sunk. Captain and crew exerted themselves to save the cargo; they got much of it on the bank, and among it the trunks in question, and then the crew deserted. The master of the boat reshipped to Chagres the trunks in question, and other packages saved from the flatboat. On the 26th of September, 1850, Captain Angels called upon three respectable merchants of Chagres to survey the packages saved from the flatboat, and among them the trunks in question. The surveyors considered the trunks in question and their contents as being damaged and unmerchantable. They signed a certificate to that effect, advising that they should be sold. The conduct of the captain and the surveyors was honest. On the 21st of September, 1850, the trunks and goods in ques- tion were sold by Capt. Angels at public auction, and were pur- chased by W. Porter, the highest bidder, for $350. The sum ($350) was afterwards remitted to the defendants at New York, and was received by them. The goods from the two trunks were sent by Mr. Porter to San Francisco, and sold by him for $2,000. There was a semi-monthly means of transportation from Chagres to San Francisco. The goods were never forwarded to Mr. Bur- nett. There was a semi-monthly means of communication between Chagres and New York. The plaintiffs were not notified of the accident or of the sale. The defendants have offered judgment for $569 75, being the amount for which the trunks and goods sold at Chagres, and the amount of freight paid in advance, and interest on both sums. There is no pretence that fraud has been committed by the defendants or their agents, or that defendants or their agents knew of the accident or of the sale, until informed of both, at New York, by the receipt of the amount of sale trans- mitted to them. Morris, Justice. — The defendants in this case, not being own- NEW HAVEN, CONN. is^ j^ 1 New Haven, May 16(h, 1860. I, James D. Sarvcn. hereby certify that the NEW HAVEN WHEEL CO., per Henry G. Lewis, Secretary, and Messrs. WOODBURN & SCOTT, of St. Louis, Mo., have the exclusive right to manufacture my PATENT WHEEL and sell the same as an article of merchandise to those not owning shop rights. JAMES D. SARVEN. For particulars in regard to the Patent Wheel, or shop rights, address either of the parties. HENRY G. LEWIS, Secretary. 158 ' FUNSTON & SGOFIELD, AGENTS FOR G. A. LILLIENDAHL'S WiM^M^%WS^M I Osk^ ■ DEPOT Torpedoes, Fire Crackers, Joss-Sticks, &c. 159 EXPRESS HISTORY. 159 ers of or interested in the vessels and boats in which these trunks were to be conveyed between New York and San Francisco, were not common carriers, and are not liable as such. The defendants are bailees for hire to receive these trunks at, and to forward them from and to, place to place, to destination, by the ordinary and approved means of conveyance, and had a legal right to define the extent of their liability. By the contract in this case defendants obligated themselves to deliver the trunks and contents specified to Mr. Burnett, at San Francisco. They were not to be liable "for any loss or damage arising from dangers of the ocean or river navigation, leakage, fire, or from any cause whatever, unless the same be proved to have occurred from the fraud. or gross negligence of the defend- ants, their agents or servants." In this case it is established that up to the time when Capt. Angels and his crew recovered the trunks from the sunken flat- boat and placed them upon the bank of the river Chagres, there had been no fraud or gross negligence by the defendants or their agent — consequently, the defendants are not liable for any dam- age that had occurred up to that period. The only remaining question is whether, according to the spirit and letter of the defendants' agreement with the plaintiffs under the facts proved, they or their agents were guilty of gross negli- gence in not delivering the trunks and contents in their damaged condition to Mr. Burnett, at San Francisco. The defendants' contract must be construed with reference to the rights and obligations of other persons engaged in the trans- portation of these trunks to and with the plaintiffs. Capt. Angels, of the flatboat on the river Chagres, was a com- mon carrier, and during the time he was in possession of the goods was responsible to the plaintiffs to the full value of the trunks and contents — $2,025 09 — for the faithful performance of his duty, and as an insurer, and for all his legal liability as com- mon carrier; and he has a right, for the purpose of saving him- self harmless of legal responsibility, to do with these trunks and contents whatever the law under similar circumstances authorized common carriers to do; and the defendants, under the authority contained in their agreement, had no power to prevent it. In addition to this, the defendants and their agents had no knowledge of what Capt. Angels was doing. The first information they received upon that subject was after he had sold the trunks and goods. The defendants, therefore, have not been guilty of negligence. There must be judgment for plaintiffs for $50t Y5, being the amount for which the defendants offered that plaintiffs might take judgment, (and which offer must control,) with costs to the de- feiidants, since the offer of judgment. EXPRESS HISTORY. Symbols. The symbol long adopted by the American Ex- press Company was the picture of a dog guard- ing a safe. Their new building upon Hudson Street is adorned with a fine bas-relief of that ap- propriate emblem of care and fidelity, sculptured in marble. It conveys a good lesson to Express agents and messengers, though intended mainly, I presume, as a figurative assurance to the public. A symbol less felicitous, used by an Express mana- ger for a year or two, to our own knowledge, was a greyhound running at full speed — intended prob- ably to indicate dispatch. Unfortunately for his customers it obtained at length a more pregnant significance, for the manager himself ran away. It only wanted a sack of gold on the back of the ** hound," to render the picture perfect. "Speaking of guns," another Express emblem, which we have seen somewhere, is a deer, going at the rate of 1.20, to signify speed. It had too much the look of a fugitive. The ancient mytho- logical figure of Mercury, with wings to his heels and head, has been used, time out of mind, as a ,symbol of swift messengers; but as Mercury was the god of thieves, it applies more appropriately to carriers who live fast; for how can they, with their limited salaries, indulge in any superfluities without stealing? The carrier-dove is not much better. Received large Silver Medal at the Fair of the N. Y. State Agricultural Society, held at Albany, Oct., 1859; also, large Silver .^Tedal at the Fair of the American Institute, New York. Nov., 1859. : FERGUSON.ALBJI/ir, The peculiarities of thl« Store are, the advantages it possostii's for niollinB orM<»ats, Haking Buckwheat Cakes, Roasting and Boil- ing Vegetables, without being subjected to the inconvenience of the smoke escaping into the room. The above view Hhows the Rroil- Ing and Koustlng Ovens, witli the doors thrown open, sliowing In the Uroillng Oven, the gridlion in Its proper place. Wlieu broiling, or baking (if Buck wlieat Cakes is to be done, the ilaniper luiudle. A, is to be drawn out. wlilch uncovers a liole cut in the top-plate of the Broiling Oven, ptoduriiig a drnrt widcli eOectually carries of all Bmokc and vapors arising during tl>e process. The Koasting Oven la rigged with a spit and cog-wliecl, C, wluch is intended to regulate the roast. The draft to this Oven is produced by means of the damper E, and the damper placeil at tlie bottom of the said oven near the heartli, in front. Tlie nniin oven seen at the left, with the doors closed, U one of the liest ovens for baking now In use, possesBiug advantages whicli claim for It tlie name of a vast improvement, tliere Iwing presented to tbe oven Ave heating surfaces; there being a fifth Hue lunning tlie whole length of tlie Stove on the back, presenting a heatius lurrace to the back of the main oven, as well as tlie two .sides and top and bottom. E. BACKUS & CO., Sole Manufacturers, 233 "Water St., N. Y. 160 [turn over.] A-'l The above is a diagram of the Combination Stove and Range, showing the course of the flues, the location of the fire-box, and of the different ovens, &c., &c. We have also of this Stove an extensive top for each size, for the purpose of placing a tin boiler on for heating water, furnished with an iron cover, jointed so that it can be thrown back, and a dip- per or pan used to dip out the water. We have also furnished all but the smallest size, the 7-inch, with water baclts, which can be easily attached. We have four sizes of this Stove, aa follows: 7, 8, 9, and 10 inch boiler holes, with and without extension tops. EVANS BACKUS. HENRY H. GIBBS. BBOoniniBBSJLViesrs. Red Hook, New York, Nov. 23, 1859. Mr. E. Backus: Dear Sir — The Stove you sent us has been in operation since received, and was all it was recommended to be. It works admirably. We would like to have an understanding with you for the exclusive sale of the Stove iu our town; let us hear from you. Respectfully yours, L. & J. CURTIS. New York. March 2G, 18G0. Messrs. E. Backus & Co.: Gentlemen— Since getting one of your Combination Stoves, my labor has beeu reduced one half, every part performing its functions to my entire satisfaction. Tue com- partment provided for broiling Meats and baking Buckwheat Cakes, &c., acting with the best success. The roasting compartment doing meats to a turn. The main oven baking bread as It should be baked; everything can I do at one and the same time, and with one fire; and all 1 have to say is, that this atove is the one nearest perfection I have yet used. Yours, truly, JAS. W. COLLINS, Collins' Hotel, 279 Hudson Street, New York. Sold by E. BACKUS & CO., No. 233 Water Street, IVew York. 16X EXPRESS HISTORY. 161 very uncertain and insecure messenger. Harnden's emblem upon a circular advertising the first Express between the New World and the Old, was a vignette representing the two hemispheres, with himself striding from one to the other — one foot being on the American shore, and the other on "the chalky cliffs of Albion;" while upon his back he carried a bag of newspapers, letters, &c. The construction of Rrailways, the origin and ex- tension of Express routes, the creation of Ocean Steamship lines, the discovery and operation of Morse's Magnetic Telegraph, the construction by Butterfield, Dinsmore, Fargo, Spencer, and other. Expressmen, of an Overland Mail Stage Road, through vast mountain ranges and desert plains to California, now succeeded by this grandest of all human works, the union of America and Europe \>y Telegraph, put all emblems at defiance. For^ merly symbols were made use of to convey a more exalted idea of the thing referred to, but they have no power to enhance the glory of, or even to do simple justice to, the grand achievements of the; present age. Nor do the Express Companies need them. Of course there is no objection to their use, but the phrases, * ' With the speed and safety of th& Express,''^ and ''With the promptness and fidelity of an Expressman^^^ ought to become so proverbial, that no comparison or poetic image shall be able to make their impression stronger. ; 162 EXPRESS HISTORY. There could be no better symbol of ** safety " in the transmission of money, than a picture of an Express messenger, sitting upon his iron box, in the Express car of a fast train, rushing along a down-grade. If by any means we could make the picture convey the idea that the faithful man was well paid for all the risks he runs, the idea would be doubtless still more satisfactory. Irresponsible Express Enterprises. Every now and then a new Express starts into an ephemeral existence, without either capital or facil- ities. The Express business cannot be learnt in a day, nor can it be conducted without a reserve fund, to pay the losses which are liable to occur, even in the best managed companies. Two or three very clever fellows — A., B., and C, for instance — may advertise to run an Express. That is easily done; and if they have either money or credit enough to obtain an office and a team, possibly they may secure, also, a contract for room for their freight upon an express train. But supposing that they should lose, or have stolen from them, a valuable package intrusted to their care? The American Express had two boxes, of $25,000 each, stolen from them, and paid for them in full. The Adams Express Co. lost $10,000 at one lick on their South- ern route, and paid for it, in hard dollars, to the last dime. The same responsibility and honor have been noticeable in the other prominent Express IMPROVED EUROPEAN RANGES. These Ranges, for Economy of Fuel, Solidity of Castings, and general eifEcifnoy, surpass any and all others in the market* iiicy may be seen ia use at the following places: MADISON SQUARE HOTEL. .. .New York. IIVING HOUSE NATIONAL HOTEL LORENCK'S " i'ETIT & CROOK UNION HALL Sarato{?a Sprinj?s. MASSASOIT HOUSE Springfield. PULASKI HOUSl^J Savannah. FORT WM. HENRY HOTEL. Lake George. RETREAT FOR THE INSANE. . .Hartford. And at many of the best private houses in New York City and throughout the country. Send for a circular. BRAMHALL, HEDGE ^ CO., Manufacturers, No. 442 Broadway, New York. 162 BOSTON FAUCET COMPANY, GORE BLOCK, OPPOSITE REVERE HOUSE, BOSTOI¥, SELF-IXMEUIi&mmiFlllICSTS. OF ALL VARIETIES, BEER P«MPS, FORCE PUMPS, WATER CLOSETS, PATENT HOSE PIPES, HOSE COUPUtMCS, ^imm #augfis, ^^fat^f d^augfjs and €!odis in tlitto, STEAM VALVES, PATENT SOLDEBING IRONS, VOSE'S PATENT PORTABLE FIRE ANNIHILATOR, &e.; TOGETHER WITH ILL iliii IF iiiSS Will AND PLUMBERS' MATERIALS. THIS COMPANY MANUFACTURE, ALSO, ALL KINDS OF 5 INCLUDING KEROSENE, COAL OIL, FLUID AND GAS BURNERS, LAMP STANDS, CHAIN AND HARP HANGINGS, BRACKETS, CHANDELIERS, IMPROVED STYLE OF SHADES, CLASPS, &c., &c. REUBEN J. TODD, Agent and Treasurer. New York Agency, 442 Broadway, bet. Howard and Grand Sts. 163 EXPRESS HISTORY. 163 Companies mentioned in this book. But what would "A., B. and C." do in such an emergency? Have they the money with which to satisfy the shipper for the loss? It may be $500, it may be $5,000: the loss is quite as likely to be large as small; and more so, for the greater the sum the greater the temptation to dishonest clerks or out- side thieves to steal it. Bogus ** Expresses." The public are often imposed upon, and the rep- utation of honest expressmen is hurt, by swindlers, pretending to do an express business on their own account, or 'as employees of the good and reliable companies. The least injurious of these scoun- drels, perhaps, are those who, with no other facili- ties than are enjoyed by any common freight for- warder, advertise to put freight through with ex- press speed. The worst form of the bogus express, however, is that in which the swindler receives packages to forward, and audaciously appropriates them to his own use, or deposits them with a pawnbroker. This rascality succeeds best when the bogus ex- pressman pretends to forward parcels to Europe. In that case it takes the victim several months to discover the fraud; and even then he finds it so difficult to prove it, that he suffers his injury to go unredressed. Pursuing their impositions with im- punity, the swindlers go a step further, and «a^l 164 EXPRESS HISTORY. worthless bills of exchange upon the principal for- eign cities. A trick practised considerably of late years, by rogues in the name of expressmen, is to call upon people at their houses with bundles, purporting to have come by express from a distance, upon which they have the hardihood to collect charges. Their demands are usually paid, and their victims too late discover that they have got in exchange for their money only a parcel of paper rags, or other trash. In one instance, last winter, a box of " game" was left at a house up town, and "20 shil- lings charges" collected — the rascal remarking that he believed it was English hares. The lady was de- lighted with the idea that it was a present from a very dear friend in England, and she was dying of impatience until her servant-man had opened it, and discovered that it contained only a dead cat. Another mode, of the same system, is to coun- terfeit the custom, practised by the legitimate ex- presses, of notifying, by filling up printed forms, those persons for whom there are unclaimed par- cels, &c., in the office. For example: "Mr. John , Cayuga. Sir: There is a box in this office to your address. You will please remit to us the charges on the same, viz., $3.25, and remove the same; or, if. you wish, it will be forwarded by express to you. Jones & Brown, Express Agents, New York, Oct. 12, '68. 711 South St. ■"^^JJ^*.**^"* JOHN K. STIMSON, Bank, Insurance, Mercantile and Express PI C^ ^5 AND "CJJ ENGRAVING, LITHOGRAPHY & JOB PRINTING EXFXJUTED WITH NEATNESS AND DISPATCH. New- York. 166* J. R. BENJAMIN'S Brass Springs Trusses, J^To. 1 Barclay Street^ (Opposite the Astor House,) These Trusses surpass all others for ease, durability and effecting a Radical Oure. They never rust nor grow weak from use. Pressure graduated to suit every variety of cases or circumstances. By sending the measure round the hips and side ruptured, a perfect fit is guaranteed. This Truss has taken the highest premium ever awarded, (a Gold Medal,) and never has failed of taking the first premium when exhibited. Also, Manufacturer of Fine Rolled Silver^ for plating. 165 EXPRESS HISTORY. 166 This ruge, practised extensively by a brace of rascals here a year or two ago, was very successful. Money was remitted to them from all quarters, and it was two or three months before the game was blocked. Beyond question, these frauds were either exe- cuted or suggested by persons formerly employed by the regular Express Companies, but discharged for misconduct. And this leads us again to the reflection, that it is of very material if not vital importance to the Express proprietors, that they should employ the most reliable men that they can find adapted to their business; and when they have them they ought to pay them well enough to se- cure a continuance of their service. Railroad Companies and Baggage. In the Liverpool (England) County Court judg- ment was given in the case of " Wignall vs, the London and Northwestern Railway Company,'' in which the plaintiff, a commercial traveller, claimed £25 as compensation for the loss of a desk, stolen from a carriage in the Lime Street station, (where it had been placed by one of the company's por- ters,) while the plaintiff was in the refreshment room. Three grounds of defence were taken: that the plaintiff, not having booked when the desk was taken, no contract had been entered into, and therefore the company were not responsible for the loss; that the desk was not "luggage," within the 166 EXPRESS HISTORY. ordinary meaning of the Act of Parliament; and that the order books and private papers in the desk were "writings," within the meaning of the Carri- ers' Act. His Honor decided that the first objec- tion could not be sustained, as the company's serv- ant had taken charge of the plaintiffs luggage and placed it in the carriage; and as to the second and third objections, that nothing could be more essen- tially luggage than a travelling desk, except, per- haps, articles of apparel required for the journey; and order books were absolutely necessary to com- mercial travellers, in order to carry on their busi- ness. He then gave the plaintiff a verdict for £3 IO5., the declared value of the desk; £2 IO5. for the inconvenience arising from the loss of the order books; and Id., as the nominal value of the private papers. He also allowed the plaintiff his costs. f toe ^|t»ciisje Ji0jtiije SYRACUSE, N. Y. We would say of this Hotel, that it is the best kept house and has a better table than any we know of in the interior of this State. Its early proprietor was Phi. Rust, but for some years*past it has been conducted by Wm. D. Stewart, assisted by Mr. Burton. Its location, immediately adjoining the N. Y. Central R. R. Depot, (with which it communicates by a side door,) renders it a convenient place to obtain a capital meal when one is passing through Syracuse by rail. 08 A. F. MAYHER & CO., Manufacturers of and Dealers in all kinds of AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL Also, Inaporters of and Dealers in all kinds of Grain, Field, Grass, Garden and Flower We have manufactured, /or our sales exclusively^ the best LOCOMOTIVE BOILER PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES that are made in the United States, from three to thirty-five horse-power, at prices ranging from $4T5 to $2,400 ; all complete, with smoke-pipe and steam gauge, ready to fire up with wood or coal. Tliey have two balance-wheels that are used as puUies, and trucks are furnished, if wanted, at $50, so that the Engines may be moved from place to place. We manufacture over 150 varieties of Plows. All approved kinds of Corn Shellers, Harrows, Cultivators, Horse Hoes, Straw, Stalk and Hay Cutters, Grain, Coffee, Hommony and Paint Mills, Carts, Wagons, Wheelbarrows, Hay Presses, Horse Powers, Threshers and Separators and Combined Threshers and Cleaners, Mowing and Reaping Machines, &c. Orders promptly filled. Descriptive Catalogues and Circu- lars furnished or mailed on applcation. A. F. MAYHER & CO. Warehouse and Seed Store, 54 Vesey Street. Manufactory, 550 and 552 Water, and 294 and 296 Cherry Streets, New-York. 167 EXPRESS HISTORY. 167 LIGHTS AND SHADOWS OP EXPRESS AND RAILROAD LIFE. The Boy in the Box. In an Express office not more than three hundred miles from Boston, the watchman, who slept in the building, was advised that sundry articles of an eatable nature had been abstracted from the cellar. It was supposed that some juvenile thief was in the custom of crawling through the bars on one of the cellar windows, though the space was so narrow that it seemed incredible that any but a very small child could get through it. Still, with all his vigi- lance, the watchman found that the depredations were continued. To add to his aggravation, the Express clerks and drivers insisted that he must be in Ihe habit of sleeping with " a brick in his hat;'' and others insinuated that he never went to sleep hungry. One night, as he sat alone in the office, meditating somewhat impatiently upon these un- just suspicions, he thought he heard a foot-fall on 16* 168 EXPRESS HISTORY. the cellar stairs ! Quicker than you can say "/act Robinson,''^ he reached the stairway! He had for- gotten to take a light, and could see nothing, but heard footsteps retreat precipitately. It was not a heavy sound, and it must be, he thought, the sus- pected boy. Obtaining his lantern quickly, he de- scended the stairs, lickerty -split, and rushed to the window to prevent the young rascal's exit in that direction. There was a sound at the other end of the cellar, as if the rogue was seeking to screen himself behind some of the casks, barrels, boxes, and other freight in transitu. In a high state of virtuous indignation and nervous excitement, the watchman proceeded to get at him. In a few mo- ments he discovered a corner of a garment sticking 6Mt of a long narrow box, a rod or two distant, just beyond a dozen or more of large bundles which blocked his way. Putting down his lantern, he clambered over these articles, (nearly breaking his neck in his hurry,) and jerking away the loose cover, discovered what he supposed, by the dim hght, to be the boy in the box. Madder than sixty, he de- tiunciated a curse upon his eyes, and " pitched into him.'' Whack! whack! whack! one blow followed another; the exasperated watchman meanwhile doing up some of the tallest kind of profanity, min- gled with such remarks as the following: " You thief, you ! I'll learn yer to slip in and steal our crackers ! This aint the first time; no, nor the second nuther ! I know yer, you Httle. THE WASHBOilllD ENTIIIELy DISPENSED WITH THE WAS HING MACH INE. SimpIt.Ctonomital, §uraWe, an^ tmnt get m\ of axkx. No Washing Fluids or Acids required; nothing but Soap and Water. Ffom 50 to /5 per cent, sad in Clotliingjime and Labof. DESCRIPTION. It consists of a metal cylinder, with elects on the inner surface, and an interior cylinder of wood, with elects. There is a space of from six to eight inches between the two cylinders. One crank turns both cylinders at the same time in opposite di- rections, rapidly creating a suds, forcing the water through the clothes, and effectually removing the dirt. ADV.A.NTAGIiS. This Machine dispenses entirely with the washboard. THE ACTION OF THE WATER CLEANS THE CLOTHES, consequently there is NO WEAR OF FABRIC. The SAVING OF CLOTuixo, and the saving of time and labou, are equally remarkable. The Machine is simple in construction and management — a child can use it. It is well made, of galvanized iron, and is very durable. It will wash the finest as well as the coarsest fabrics — a single small piece, or a quantity of clothing. For Flan- nels (usually the most difficult things for the laundress to manage) its operation is astonishing, as it thoroughly cleans them, with no possibility of shrinkage. FRIOES. No. 1. $12 00 No. 2 }tjl4 00 No. 3 $16 00 Machines can be seen in operation at 494 BROADWAY, east side above Broome St. Ladies and Gentlemen are invited to call and examine it, or what is better, send your dirty clothes and test it. SULLrlVAlV & HYATT, Proprietors. N. B.— "\Yholesale orders will be received at our office, 54 Beekman Street. 169 THE J. L fflOTT mON WO£ES, 264 and 266 IXTater St., N. Y., MANUPACTUREBS OP RAJ^GES, FARMERS' BOILERS, ntON SINES, from 2 inches to 12 inches diameter, and PIPE FITTINGS TO iflATCH. Castings of every kind made to order. Foundff at Moll Haven, Weslcliestef Counlf, i I 170 EXPRESS HISTORY. 169 whelp of Satan ! I recognize yer features ! I know yer mother, you Uttle Irish son of a slut 1 Bring an honest fellow into disgrace, will yer ?" The last reflection, stinging him with the remem- brance of the slurs which had been cast upon his fidelity, even by the greenest hand in the office, on the score of the abstracted crackers, the enraged watchman quit thumping the "thief in the stomachy and struck him on the head. His fist sunk into the skull under the force of the blow, and there was a crackling sound, like the breaking of a bone. At this the watchman's fury evaporated instantane- ously, and his heart sank within him ! ''Little hoyf said he, in a tremulous, anxious voice, ''little hoyf There was no reply, and he turned as pale as death as the truth flashed upon him that life was extinct. Almost ready to expire, himself, with the unpleasant reflection that he was a murderer, he staggered (very weak at the knees) over the bun- dles, and obtaining his lantern, went back, sick at heart, to take a better view of his victim. Unfor- tunately, in his trepidation, he tripped up, over a bundle of G-leason's new weekly, or Harpers', and in his fall his light was extinguished. Horribly discomfited, and groaning in spirit as he wiped the cold sweat from his brow, the poor man picked himself up and groped his way up stairs, where the gas was burning. His first impulse was to run away, but being an honest, law-abiding citizen, he 170 EXPRESS HISTORY. promptly decided to face the music. After many painful reflections, (not to say conflicting emotions,) he concluded to give himself up immediately to the authorities. Before executing this intention, he went to a desk, and taking from it a package of Schiedam Schnapps, applied it to his mouth and turned the bottom up solemnly towards the ceiling; then replaced the cork, and sighed deeply as he put the bottle into the desk again. He then proceeded to the nearest police station. It was near two in the morning, but the captain was on hand. " What are you here for, Mr. Lodge, at this time o'night?" said he, with a yawn. "What's broke?" " Ah, that^s it!" replied our pale friend. ''It is broke. I have fractured the skull. There's no doubt of it. Would that there was !" "What?" ejaculated the amazed oflficer. "Do you mean to say that " " Yes, sir, that's it. I've gone and done a mur- der, and I've come to give myself up." He then related how he had unintentionally, by an unfortu- nate blow, deprived the robber of life. " But come with me," said he in conclusion, " and I will show you all." The officer followed him, and entering the Ex- press office, they descended with a brace of lanterns to witness the bloody spectacle. Imagine their sur- prise, and the mingled joy and shame of our friend, on discovering the boy in the box to be only the ^m-Pmms^lf ■"^r - ^^m S^SSUMi NEW HAVEN, CONN '^m 61 AND eT'cHAPEL streeO COACHES, COUPES, BAROUCHES, BRETTS, CHARIOTEES, PHAETONS, BUGGIES AND CARRIAOES OE EVERr DESCRIPTION CONSTANTLY ON HAND CI' ^^Z^^^ '0) f'-^ o Designed tor the use of Students, Kegatta Clubs, Public and 1^ Private Parks. Agricultural Fair Grounds tc, Jtc^^ These^ Carriages may T)e used separately or in trains. ^ '1; B.«.Z.CK»Uo8|, ~ ~~ ' H.rtfova.Con RODM£Y & ATKINS No. 16 Court St. cor. Pearl St., Buffalo, N. T. Have always on hand an extensive as- sortment of Kosewood, Mah(>{?any, Black Walnut and VVhitewood Coffins, Shrouds of all descriptions, Caps, Cravats, &c. Zinc Linings for Coffins, rendering them perfectly air-tight. Hearses and (Carria- ges furnished to order. Prices moderate, and a liberal discount made to the trade. JOHN RODNEY. R. P. ATKINS. MAQIC INSECT POWDER, FOR THE SPEEDY EXTERMINATION OF €/i To Housekeepers, Hotel Keepers, Restaurants, Confectioners, Bakers, Steamboat and Ship- masters, and everybody whose premises are infested with Insects, this Powder is invaluable. JB@^ Price only 25 cents a Box ! -^^a JOHN K, STDISON, Proprietor's Agent, No. 77 Cedar St., New York. Orders by mail or Express promptly attended to. 172 CURTIS AKERLY, General C0mmissi0n P^erc|ant IMPORTER AND DEALER IN 314 Front Street, Near Beekman St., SEW ^®BKa J8®» Consignments of Fruit and Produce solicited. JOSEPH BEE8L<1:Y, FASHIONABLE T H^Ki^ p 525 BROAD'WAT, In the St. Nicholas Hotel Building, SrHW '2'®IBl£c Mr. Beesley has been well known in Broadway for many years past, as a fashionable Boot Maker, and is confident that he can satisfy the most fastidious taste in style, fit, and materials used in his manufactures. Gentle- men who order boots of him may rest assured that he employs only the neat- est and most thorough workmen, and uses the best stock to be had in this or any other market. Since the opening of the St. Nicholas Hotel, he has occupied a store in the same building, where he will be happy to receive, at all times, a continuance of the patronage heretofore accorded to him, and any new cash custom that may offer. m. WILiIiARD, the Bed and ITIattress merchant. As long ago as 1839, when Harndea started the first Express, one of his customers was Martin Wil- lard, then, and ever since, (until lately,) occupying his famous old stand in Chatham Square, where he sold the best Beds and Bedding, at cheaper prices than they could be had anywhere else in New York. Last spring, Willard removed to another stand, somewhat celebrated in the same line, and his large and excellent stock of Frathkrs, Beds, Mattresses, &c., can now be found at the corner of Hudson and Houston Streets. In purchasing Beds and Mattresses, people ought to have an honest man to deal with, and we take the liberty of using a friend's privilege, (for we have known him for more than 14 years,) to recommend Martin Willard as an upright merchant, who never sells an indifferent or poorly made article for a good one.— Ed. Ex. HiSTOkT. 171 EXPRESS HISTORY. 171 wax figure of a Saint, intended for a church or con- vent in Louisiana. Being a new importation, it had been opened by Custom-House Officers, and had not been nailed up again. The *' foot- fall" was probably caused by a big rat. "Say nothing about this ridiculous affair. Cap- tain," said the sold, when the other had done laugh- ing, ** and I will stand a bottle of champagne and a pair of canvass-backs with you to-morrow at Per- kins's !" "Agreed," responded the officer, and he kept the secret faithfully from all — hut his wife. The Inventor of the T Rail. Robert L. Stevens was one of the projectors and original stockholders of the Camden and Amboy Railroad. He was sent to England as the agent of the company, to examine into the working of the system, and to contract for rails and machinery. At that time the fish-bellied rail was then in use. This form Mr. Stevens deemed in many respects objectionable; and he set about devising a form that would be better, and more easy of manufac- ture. He concluded that the form T would answer the purpose; and that it might be rolled for much less than the fish-bellied form then was costing. He devised a plan for rolling it; which plan he proposed to the iron manufacturer with whom he was negotiating for the iron for his company. The manufacturer was unwilling to test the plan, alleg- 172 EXPRESS HISTORY. ing that it would involve considerable expense. Mr. Stevens, not inclined to give up his point, asked what would be the loss in case of failure. He was told it would be from four to five hundred pounds. In reply to this he offered to advance that amount, to be credited by the company in case of the adop- tion of his plan, and to be held responsible for whatever expenses might be incurred in the trial, if his plan should not succeed. His offer was ac- cepted; and a foreman, with a sufficient number of men, were placed under his direction. The first trial had a result that might have dis- couraged a less resolute inventor, and caused a less wealthy one to be denied further privileges in the mill. The rail would not come on straight, but persisted in winding around the roller. A second trial, in which the grooves were tapered so as to allow the rail to get out easily, was tolerably suc- cessful, and after a few alterations, the invention of the T rail was complete, and the order was given for rails in that form. This account was given by Mr. Stevens himself, to a friend of ours who inquired of him as to the truth of the current report that he was the inventor of this form of rail. Selling A Railroad Conductor. The Mobile Register, a year or two ago, had the following good story: ** As the Citronelle train was on its downward trip to this city yesterday morning, an incident oc- EXPRESS HISTORY. 173 curred that caused no little amusement to the pas- sengers. As the train was approaching Eight Mile station, a lady quite elegantly attired, with a lovely boquet of wild flowers in her hand, and face con- cealed from view by a handsome veil, was discovered standing on the platform. The train was of course ordered to stop and take in the fair passenger — and stop it did. The gallant conductor jumped out up- on the platform and cried out as usual, ' all aboard!' at the same time raising his hat and politely extend- ing his hand to help the lady aboard. She, how- ever, did not recognize his gallantry, but stood dumb and motionless as a statue. The astonished conductor advanced, involuntarily raised the veil, when lo, instead of a face of flesh and beauty, the words 'April fool,' inscribed on a black lightwood chunk, met his astonished vision! He started back, gave the signal to be off", with unusual violence, jumped aboard, exclaiming to the innocent engineer, ' Who the deuce told you to stop here ?' '' Selfishness and Ill-breeding of Passengers. The piggish behavior of many railroad travellers is disgusting. A sensible writer says: " Perhaps we have no right to expect that men, women, and children will be transformed in the cars to what they are not at home in breeding and character, but it sometimes appears to us that half the world reserves its cast-off habits of manners and conduct, to wear in journeying. We wonder if 174 EXPRESS HISTORY. it ever occurred to that well-dressed man. at our right, that it is a greater insult to squirt tobacco juice on the floor of a room where a hundred must sit, breath, and smell a whole day, than on a drawing- room carpet, where two people are to sit an hour ? That genteel lady behind us would not ask us to sit by an open window in her own house on a Jan- uary morning, if we made her a fashionable call; yet she opens a car window, and gives us a draft across the neck, like a sharp sword, during a six hours' ride. Should we make a wedding call on that sen- timental-looking young couple yonder, would they not be as polite in giving us the best seat as they are boorish now in driving up some good-natured farmer, to roam in vain through crowded aisles for a resting place?" The utter selfishness or impudence, call it what you will, of some persons, (and we are sorry we cannot except the women from the number,) in monopoHzing twice as much room as is their share, while others are standing, or seeking in vain for a seat, has often made us feel not a little indignant. Express and Railroad Sketches. HUMOROUS AND PATHETIC. The following sketchy articles, numbered in the order in which they were furnished to us, are from the pen of an experienced and highly valued mes- senger of the American Express Company. SHIRT AID COLLAR DEPOT, Nos. 87 and 89 William Street, (One door North of Maiden Lane,) M21W "E®MM« OEOROE IVl. TRA€¥, Ag^ent. A PERFECT FITTING ss^ss sssss ssss ssss SSSSFS sssssss sssssss SSSvSSS ssssss ssssssss HIIHHH HHHHH HHH HHH HHH HUH HHH HHH HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHHHH HHHHH Hnmni HHI IHH IHH HHI HHI HlII HHI HHI nnnnn RRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRR RRR RKRRR RRR RRUUR RRR RRRKR RRRRRRRRRR RRR RRR RRR RRRR RRR RRRR RRRRR RRRRR TTTTTrTTTrTTTTTTT 'rm TTiTrrnTnTr T riiT T Tirr TTTT ITTT TTTT ITTTm Made to order from Measure, and warranted to fit, at $18, $21, and $24 per doz. persons at a distance sending orders by mail, we will guarantee a perfect fit on receipt of the follow- ' ifip.isures: Nkck — The distance around it. Yoke — The measure from the points of each shoulder. Hie length from the centre of the back to the wrist, with the arm bent. Brkast — Distance lO body under the arm-pits. Waist — Distance around. liOngth of Shirt, &c., &c. () keep on hand the most elegant assortment of Or exit lexa3.ezx'ai 3E*-u.x*xxisli.izi.e; Oroodsi be found in the city, consisting in part of Shirts, Collars, Neck Stocks, Napoleon Ties, Neck Ties, carfs, Under-Shirts and Drawers, Silk and Linen Pocket Handkerchiefs, Dressing Robes, Shawls. Silk and Gingham Umbrellas, Hosiery of every description, &c., &c., wholesale and retail. T. C. GRANNIS. G. M. TRACY. 174 ST. JOHN, RAYMOND & CO. M£rtl;aitt f aibrs, No. 526 BROADWAY, CORNER OF SPRING STREET, OPPOSITE ST. NICHOLAS IIOTEI, We would respectfully call the attention of strangers, visiting the city, to the fact that we have been engaged in business on Broadway for many years, and have enjoyed a reputation second to none for the variety and excellence of our stock of materials, (always of the latest importa- tion,) and the taste and thoroughness of our work. Cash orders promptly executed and forwarded by Ex- press to any part of the United States. ST. JOHN, RAYMOND & CO. 175 EXPRESS HISTORY. 175 No. 1. EXPRESS LIFE. " How much will you charge to take this pack- age to Illinois ?" "One dollar." ''Outrageous ; it is only worth fifty cents, and you have the conscience to charge twice the worth of it." *' It is not our fault that the cost was only fifty cents; you can make the package twice as large, and the cost of transportation will only be the same." " But that I do not want to do, as it will be so much out of my pocket for nothing." " Yet you do not think it will be outrageous for us to be out of pocket in carrying this to your friend." * ' I cannot see that you will be at any loss by taking it for fifty cents. If you can explain it to me, I will be satisfied." " Sensible to the last, and I am truly glad that you ask for the information. In the first place, we charge you two shillings to carry this to B. Then pay two shillings to get it to C, two shillings from C. to M., and two shillings from M. to S., where your friend resides, thus making one dollar. If we take it for fifty cents we will be obliged to carry it to B. for nothing, and pay from B. to C. two shil- lings out of our own pocket, thus losing cash two shillings, and the freight from here to B., which we 17 176 EXPRESS HISTORY. pay to the Railroad. Thus actually losing about forty cents, besides assuming the responsibility of delivering your package to your friend in Illinois." "I was not aware that such was the case, and pardon me for speaking so abruptly when I just came in !" " Granted, my dear sir, and it always affords us pleasure to give every information in our power in regard to business. And I assure you, that if many persons who think we are extortioners and swindlers, and call us many other hard names, would only ask for a reason, they would be as sat- isfied as you are. But on the contrary they ask a question, and before they hardly get an answer they fly off at a tangent, muttering about many things they do not understand, and working them- selves into a passion; when, if they had waited but a few moments, they would have had an explana- tion which would have saved a great deal of wear and tear of conscience, and they would have been better prepared to hear a sermon than run the risk of an explosion of their head from a pent-up passion." No. 2. EXPRESS LIFE. "Can you take a box to Albany to-day?" was the question of a good-looking young gentleman, who was trying to raise a crop of hair on his upper Up, but which seemed more like the down on the south side of a peach. > AS. G. ENGLISH. EDWIN F. MERSICK. ENGLISH & MERSICK, (Successors to J. G. & G. D. ENGLISH,) ID E -A. Ij E i=L s insr 250 CHAPEL STREET, (Old No. 140,) 3S^ ^ftu 3Sr TJ F .Au C T TJ I^ E I^ S OE LIGHT CARRIAGE BODIES AND SEATS, SHAFTS, POLES, WHIFFLETREES, &c. DEALERS IN ENAMELED LEATHER, BROADCLOTHS, DAMASKS, CAP. PETS, BUCKRAMS, SCRIMS, BROAD AND NARROW SILK AND WORSTED LACE, FRINGES, SEAMING CORD, TUFTING TWINE, &c., &c. Agents for Dole, Silver & Felch's Self-Centering Hub-Boring Machines; A. H. Braiuard's Paint Millsj Crown Enameled Cloths; "Eagle Works" I'liiladelphia Bolts ; American Excelsior Co. ; " Millers" New Orleans Moss. MANUFACTURERS OF PATENT BAND SETTERS, For paring down the Hub to size of Band. 176 HILLS & BEJVTOIV PROPRIETORS OF GOLD'S PATENT LOW PRESSURE STEAM HEATING lAPPARATUS. For warming and ventilat- ing all kinds of buildings. L. M. Hills, Mfr. 88 and 90 State St., New Haven, Ct. L. M. HILLS. Both public and I'rivule. For Brooklyn. (N. Y.) State of New York, (in part) Connecticut, Ne^v Jersey, Pennsylvania, and other States, South Sc 'West. Stram FrmxG EsTAnLisnsiE.vr, No. 3 Hicks Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. D. R. BENTON. Office, 58 Pulton, cor. Hicks St , Brooklyn, N. Y. WILLIAM L. SLOSS. JOHN G. LANE. SLOSS & LANE, No. 37 Pine Street, Will practice in the United States Court, and all the State and County Courts of Missouri and Illinois. Prompt attention paid to Collections. Titles of Real JEs- tate carefully examined. Conveyancing done with neatness and dispatch. 177 EXPRESS HISTORY. 177 "We will start it to-day, and it will arrive Id Albany sometime during the night, provided the train has the good luck to reach there." "Oh! but it must reach there by nine o'clock to-night, at the farthest." " Had you not better send it by telegraph, then there will be no doubt of its arriving in time ?" "The telegraph man laughed at me when 1 asked him to do it, and said I had better carry it there myself." "As it is now near five o'clock, and as it must be, there by nine, you had better follow his advice. Those gentlemen who work the telegraph under- stand velocity in a remarkable degree, and I have no doubt they judged correctly when they advised you to take it there yourself." " I suppose they judged me to be a fast young man, from the observations they made, and I was not pleased with them." " They seldom form an incorrect opinion of those persons who visit them, and I doubt much whether they were mistaken with you." "What must I do, then?" " Take the advice of the telegraph operator." "What ! and carry the box there myself?" " Certainly. You know it must be there by nine o'clock, and I know of no other way of its getting there." And such impossibilities are expected by persons every day. They think that the Express Compa- 178 EXPRESS HISTORY. nies can annihilate time and space, and run special trains for their special accommodation; and if it is not done, they go off in a huff, and talk as valor- ously as ever Falstaff did, because they cannot be gratified. No. 3. WINTER EXPERIENCE. ** See here, Mister, four weeks ago there was a box sent to me from Saint Paul's, and I want it!" was the savage request of a surly-looking fellow, who looked as if he would eat up the whole com- pany, and wash them down with a barrel of hard cider. *' How do you know that, my dear sir?" " Why, here's a letter that says so." *' When did you receive that letter?" *' This morning, by mail." *'When was it dated?" *' January 10th." *'Come, my friend," said the clerk, "let us make a little calculation about that box, and we may possibly arrive at some conclusion where it is. How much do you suppose was the weight of it?" " Well, I don't know. There was a saddle of venison, a hind quarter of bear, twenty prairie hens, and quails enough to fill up the chinks. The bear weighed six hundred pounds when he was killed, and the deer was a good one." " Suppose the bear weighed one hundred pounds, the deer fifty pounds, the hens forty pounds, and EXPRESS HISTORY. 179 the quails ten pounds, making a total weight of two hundred pounds; and, as I suppose you have been in that country in the winter season, you must know what kind of travelling they have there." " No, sir, I have never been there, and don't know anything about the country, but I suppose it must be wild, or they would not have so many wild animals there.'' "Well, it is about the last place where a white man would think of locating, but there is quite a number of that sort of people settled in that neigh- borhood, and some of them are good fellows, and have compassion on their poor friends here, as haa been the case of your friend. But you must know that, at the present time, the snow averages about fifteen feet in depth, any where within 500 miles of Saint Paul's, and it is somewhat difficult to make a passage through it. Uncle Sam sends a mail from there once a week, and it is carried on the back of an Indian or trapper, who makes his way as best he can, to the nearest settlement, on snow shoes. And if it required a month to bring one letter from there, can you think it very strange that your box, which weighs two hundred pounds, should be de- layed a little while longer? But there is one satis- faction, which will comfort you some, that the meat is frozen pretty solid, and will therefore keep good. I know that this is ' cold comfort,' but it is the best I can offer you, under the circumstances." "Well, stranger, I didn't think quite so far as 180 EXPRESS HISTORY. that, and I suppose that I must wait until it does come. But I tell you what, I just calculated that I was going to live a little on that bear, and IVe got to draw the strap a little tighter, and wait patiently." *' As soon as it arrives, we will send it up to you. I hope that you will not experience much incon- venience from the delay." " I hope not, for I feel a little wolfish, at present, and that bear might satisfy me some. Now, don't forget to send it up when it comes, for I'm anxious." The gentleman departed, and we were not verxj sorry, being under the conviction that his inward man required replenishing, and, for want of bear's meat, he might take a fancy to demolish us for the purpose of making a hearty meal. His box arrived the next day, and it was dispatched to him " quick as the lightning's flash," fearful that he might, in a wolfish moment, pay us another visit. No. 4. THE TORPEDO. We were riding along one day at a pretty rapid rate with a nice little company of railroad men, who were passing the time in relating adventures through which they had passed, when we were startled by a report resembling that caused by a four pounder, and at the same instant was heard the engineer's whistle of "on brakes." Bet your life we jumped when we heard that, for we knew EXPRESS HISTORY. 181 something was the matter ahead, and the warning given to us made us open our eyes wide. I sup- pose you have both seen and heard a torpedo, have you not ? No ! Then I must tell you, that in a .small round box, very similar to a blacking box, is ])laeed a quantity of fulminating powder, which ex- plodes upon pressure being applied to it. This box has two tin straps soldered to it for the purpose of strapping it on the rail, and when there is a draw- bridge open, or any derangement of the road, whereby an accident might happen, it is the duty of the flag or station man to hang out a red flag or lamp, and then run some hundred yards and place two or three of these torpedoes on the rail. The engine in passing over causes them to explode with a loud report, and as soon as the engineer hears them he must instantly stop the train. At night, or in foggy weather, when the flag can only be seen at a short distance, these torpedoes are freely used, and thereby the danger avoided. It was a foggy day when we were coming down, and one of our party, Jack R , had never heard one of the things go off. He thought that some person had thrown a stone against the car, or a piece of wood had fallen from the tender and struck it, and he therefore sat still and wondered what had made us jump so lively like a parcel of Hippo- drome performers. When the train stopped, and he found out that a drawbridge was open just beyond a short curve, 182 EXPRESS HISTORY. and that the red flag could not be seen for more than twenty yards from the engine, he began to feel all over as if he had been subjected to a cold bath, "and trembled like an aspen leaf in a high wind.'^ Poor Jack ! methinks I can at this distant day see his lengthened doleful countenance, as hard jokes thick and fast came pouring down upon him from our little party; for although he had been travelling on the cars for a year, this was the first time he had heard the explosion of a torpedo, and I doubt much whether he will ever forget it. No. V. THE RAILROAD TUNNEL. Stop a few minutes, and let us look at yonder mountain. Its majestic crown rises nearly to the clouds, and its sides are covered with the evergreen, hemlock and pine, the laurel and the spruce. How often has the painter tried to convey to his canvas its beauties, and how often has he failed. See you that small dark spot near its base? It is the mouth of a tunnel which has been, by human energy, bored through the solid rock for a long distance. Suddenly, as if from the unboundless depths of the earth, is heard a roaring and shrieking, as though all the thunders of the universe were combined in that one spot, and the ground vibrates for miles around, as if shaken by an earthquake. In wonder and amazement, you believe that the volcanic fires, EXPRESS HISTORY. 183 bound in the deep bowels of the earth, are about to burst forth in all their beauty, violence and terror. But, ere the mind has time to recover from this impression, you see issuing from that small dark spot upon the mountain side two large, bright glar- ing eyes, followed by a coal-black iron steed, pro- pelled by a fiery steam; and rushing forward with an impetuosity equal to the wind, it passes beside you, and before you are aware of it, naught is seen save a long, thin stream of light vapor, shaking and curling in the distance like the tail of an enormous serpent, let loose from the bowels of the mountain to scourge and ravage the earth. The track of the railroad is laid through that tunnel, and the engine, with its train of cars loaded with a living freight, has just passed you. The Boston Journal lately published the follow- ing: "Where shall I Deliver it?" — Such was the anxious inquiry of one of the Cambridge Express messengers this morning, as he received a parcel bearing the following superscription: "Timothy 0. Conner, No. 82 Eliate Street, Bos- ton, State of Massachusetts, for Timothy Murphy; please to deliver to Mrs. Laby, North Cambridge. To be left at Porter's Hotel, Cambridge, Massachu- setts." 17 184 express history. The $50,000 Robbert. On the 21st of September, 1865, Charles Q. Clark, for many years the highly esteemed money clerk of the American Express Co. in this city, re- ceived at the hands of the faithful messenger, John Upton, two boxes, purporting to contain $25,000 each, in gold, sent by Express from the U. S. Re- ceiver at Dubuque, Iowa. For reasons which I shall render presently, Upton suspected that the boxes were bogus. Clark was of the same opinion. After remaining in the American Express office, 62 Broadway, an hour and a half, until the President came in, the boxes were conveyed, in charge of Henry Wells, to the office of the U. S. Sub-Treasu- rer, where they were opened in presence of that functionary and his clerks, and Messrs. Henry Wells, Chas. G. Clark, and John Upton, andfoimd to con- tain only bullets, sheet lead and brown paper! The inference was, that either at Dubuque, or^n route to New York, the boxes of gold originally received had been rifled or exchanged for two ex- actly like them externally, but almost worthless in fact. The feelings of the Expressmen may be bet- ter imagined than described. Henry Wells assur- ed the Bub-Treasurer that as soon as his Company should be satisfied that the loss occurred after the gold had been put in charge of the Express at Du- buque, the amount of it would be paid into the U. S. Treasury without delay. In the course of a EXPRESS HISTORY. 185 few weeks, a thorough investigation at Dubuque satisfied the Company of the fact, and Alexander Holland, the New York Agent, paid into the U. S. Sub-Treasury, of this city, the sum of $50,000 with interest. In the meantime, the American Express Co. had offered a large reward for the conviction of the robbers and recovery of the money. Nor did they spare any personal pains to unravel the mystery. The integrity of their agent at Dubuque was above suspicion; nor could they see any reason to doubt the fidelity of any other of their employees who had anything to do with the boxes. Weeks and months passed, and the mystery continued as profound as ever, when unexpectedly a clue was obtained. Two men, William C. Ayer and Oliver King, residents of Lowell, Mass., and known to have been intimate with Samuel C. White, the messenger of the Com- pany between Chicago and Detroit, were very flush of gold coin not long after the robbery, and one of them deposited $8,000 in gold in the Bank at Hav- erhill, Mass., accounting for it, when qucvstioned af- terwards, by saying that he had been lucky in Cali^ fornia. It was ascertained also by Captain Best, the excellent " detective" employed upon this scent, (and to whom, by the way, great praise has been awarded for his sagacity and thoroughness in the case,) that these two men were in Detroit a few days prior to the 17th of September, which was the date of the agent's receiving the boxes in charge. 186 EXPRESS HISTORY. Upon tliis imperfect, yet important evidence, Ayer, King, and the messenger. White, were arrested. The latter had been employed formerly by a small Express concern in the Railroad Exchange, Boston. The trial of the prisoners was commenced on the 18th of June, 1856, at Detroit, Michigan, and last- ed several days. Judge Douglass was on the bench, assisted by Judge Wing. Messrs. Emmons and Nye conducted the prosecution, and Levi Bish- op the defence. Upon a table in front of the jury lay four small pine boxes, which attracted almost as much atten- tion as the prisoners themselves. Two of the boxes were the bogus ones, and two were genuine. The testimony was very full and conclusive against the prisoners. Daniel 0. C. Quigley, a son of the U. S. Receiver at Dubuque, then acting as his clerk, testified that on the 17th September, (1855,) he packed and delivered to Edwin Hayden, Agent at the American Express office in that place, two pine boxes containing $25,000 each, in five, ten, and twenty dollar gold pieces, but chiefly the larger coin. The boxes were directed "Assistant Treas- urer, New York." Th^y were of a pattern always used by the Receiver for the purpose, and all he used were made by the same man. The witness was in the custom of packing and sending such boxes by express. Only corroborative evidence was elicited upon the corroboration of this witness. Edwin Hayden, the Express agent, testified that EXPRESS HISTORY. 187 he received the described boxes (marked as con- taining $25,000 each, in gold) at the time sworn to by Quigley, and took them himself the next morning, according to custom, to the opposite side of the river, to the cars in Dunleith, and delivered them to J. W. Parker, the Express messenger who was to make the trip to Chicago. His reason for not sending them forward the same evening on which they were received, instead of keeping them all night in the office, because the only express run was on the morning train. The bogus boxes, since shown to him, had hemlock bottoms, instead of pine, as usual — a difference which he would have noticed at any time. He was confident that they were not the ones which he had received and de- hvered to the Express messenger. James W. Par- ker testified that he received the boxes of gold, as sworn to by Hayden, and arriving at Chicago at 4.45 P. M., delivered them to Mr. Raynor, the checking clerk at the American Express office. Alexander Raynor testified that he received the two boxes on the 18th September, from Parker, and locked them up in the safe, where they remain- ed about two hours, until transferred to the keep- ing of the messenger from Chicago to Detroit, Sam- uel C. White, now on trial. White's train left for Detroit between 8.30 and 9 P. M. The Express messenger on the night express was not to deliver any way packages. John Sutton, one of the Ex- press drivers, conveyed White to the Detroit cars, 188 EXPRESS HISTORY. as was confirmed by his testimony. Henry Kip, of Bufifalo, Superintendent of the Western Division of the American Express at the time, testified, that on the second Friday after the robbery he had a con- versation with White at the office in Detroit, in which the latter admitted that he had received the boxes as stated, and rode with them in the Compa- ny's wagon to the depot, and put them into his messenger safe, in the Express car, but took them out when about 12 miles from Detroit. Upon ar- riving at the depot, he met the Express driver, and putting them and his other packages into the wagon, drove up with him to the Company's office in De- troit. Each messenger always has his own safe and key. The duplicate keys of the safes are kept in the Buffalo office. W. H. Stow testified that he was checking clerk in the Detroit office at the time, the 19th September, and received from White two boxes, which were next delivered to Thaddeus Day, the messenger between Detroit and Buffalo. Day testified to receiving, on the 19th September, two boxes, said to contain specie, and locking them up in his iron-bound express trunk. Arriving at Sus- pension Bridge, he took them from the trunk and put them in the baggage car, but keeping them in sight until his arrival in Buffalo, where he deUvered them to the Company's receiving clerk, 0. A. Judd; at his request, placing them in the vault. Judd's testimony confirmed Day's. The boxes marked $25,000 each were brought in by Day about 10 EXPRESS HISTORY. 189 A. M. on the 20th September. They remained in the vault until 2 P. M. Soon after they wore delivered to Messenger Mahon, who went in the train East at 4 P. M. Mahon testified to receiving and conveying them to Albany, where he delivered them to John Upton, the Company's messenger from Albany to New York, at the New York Central Railroad Depot, about half-past 4 on the morning of the 21st September. John Upton testified to his careful conveyance of the boxes to the New York office. On the road between Albany and Poughkeepsie, he discovered that the cover of one of the boxes was not screwed down tight, and, on examining it, saw something inside looking more like lead than gold. At 31st Street, upon unload- ing his freight, he became satisfied that the box was filled with bullets. He readily discovered the dif- ference in the sound of the rattling from the jin- gling of coin. Charles G, Clark testified that, in September, 1855, he had charge of the money delivering de- partment of the American Express Company in New York; and on the 21st received from John Upton two boxes, directed to the Assistant Treas- urer of the United States, at New York, and each marked as containing $25,000. In an hour and a half after receiving them, he went with them, in a wagon, to the Assistant Treasurer's office, accom- panying Henry Wells and John Upton. Assisting the Treasurer's clerks in opening them, in presence 100 EXPRESS HISTORY. of them all, he found them to contain bullets and sheet lead, with a piece of paper in the top of each box. Upton had called his attention to one of the boxes before leaving the office. Henry Wells corroborated Clark^s testimony. He had compared the bogus boxes when emptied with those that had been used in the transportation of coin, and observed on the sides of one indenta- tions made by bullets; in the other a deep mark, from which all present inferred that the boxes had never contained coin, for that usually leaves its own stamp. He pointed out to the jury the indentations of coin in a genuine box. Since the robbery, the $50,000 had been paid into the U. S. Treasury. William A. Gregg testified that he lived in Bos- ton, and knew all three of the prisoners; on the 3d of September last, fell accidently into the com- pany of Ayer and King, and travelled with them to Buffalo. They carried only valises. Alfred H. Stillman, clerk at the Tremont House in Detroit, testified that Ayer and King took lodg- ings at that hotel on the 7th of September, and left on the 10th. White was with them much of the time. He boarded at the same house: sometimes wanted to borrow small sums of money. It was proved, also, that shortly after the robbery the three prisoners were seen together upon the Railroad train, and at a hotel in Chicago: Ayer and King were very prodigal in the use of gold coin. About a month subsequent to the robbery, EXPRESS HISTORY. 101 White left the employ of the Express, giving as a reason the utter inadequacy of the messenger's sal- ary to the expense of living. The reason was nat- urally regarded as valid, for no one could deny the truth of it, and suspicion had not as yet rested up- on him. There was evidence of lavish expendi- tures made by him after his discharge, and of his intimacy with Ayer and King, who in the mean- time were investing in real estate, &c. Nor could any evidence be brought forward to prove that they had come honestly by their ill-gotten riches, or ob- tained it in any other way than by the robbery with which they were charged. The evidence was entire- ly circumstantial, but it was amply sufficient to sat- isfy the jury of their guilt. A verdict was rendered accordingly, and the three robbers were sentenced to long terms of incarceration in the State Prison. No portion of the stolen money was ever recover- ed, nor dared the Company attach the real and per- sonal estate owned by Ayer and King, and manifestly purchased with the stolen gold. They put an injunc- tion upon its sale, however, and it is still in force. The most Remarkable Express Robbery. By far the largest and most singular Express robbery that has ever occurred, took place at a time when the business was comparatively new. The following are the particulars: On Thanksgiv- ing Day, (in November, 1843,) Pullen & Copp's messenger started from Albany for New York, hav- 18 192 EXPRESS HISTORY. ing in charge, besides his own matters, Pomeroy & Co.'s Express trunk for delivery at the office in this city. A portion of his journey was made in stages, and the last sixty or seventy miles in the steam- boat, the river being filled with ice above. The season was already inclement, for, early as it was, winter had set in. Under the most favorable circumstances, it would have been a very tedious and fatiguing journey. To P. & C.'s messenger it was exceedingly so, for it was a return trip without the usual pause for rest. Owing to the inclemency of the weather and the badness of the roads, he had not arrived in Albany until it was time to start upon his return. Exhausted nature pleaded for repose, but the calls of duty were imperative, and he set out again upon his toilsome way. Few mes- sengers, in these days, have an adequate idea of the hardships of the occupation in those earUer times. We do not say it to the disparagement of the present men. While some of them have an easy though responsible berth, there are numerous Express mes- sengers who work hard for their money, especially in the winter season; and considering the risks which they run, we are free to admit that, as a general thing, they are not paid as well as we could wish rliey were; but, though the responsibility of the messengers has been materially increased, their work is not as fatiguing as it was at that period, when a portion of every express route had to be travelled (at least in the winter) with stages, wagons, or sleighs. EXPRESS HISTORY. 193 Poor C. had the hardest kind of a time in get- ting to Xew York on the occasion referred to, and we doubt whether he was in a Thanksgiving mood until the day following, when the steamboat reach- ed her pier in this city. The boat was crowded with passengers and freight, for she was the only medium of conveyance, and the tired messenger was forced to snatch what sleep he got, sitting upon a desk-stool in the clerk's office. Close at hand was Pomeroy & Co.'s Express trunk, which he had ready to deliver to their driver as soon as the boat should have reached the dock. Owing to the uncertainty of her arrival, the Express wagon was not there, and as there was every reason for haste, he concluded that he had better go after it. He went, accordingly, after having requested the clerk to have an eye to his trunk, which he had placed within view, on deck, just outside of the clerk's office. His proper course was to remain with his trunk, and to have sent some one for the wagon, or a cart; but he left it, as we have said: probably he had no idea of its immense value. When he returned for it, the trunk was gone ! In a hurry he questioned the clerk, but neither that functionary nor anybody else on board would admit that he knew anything about it. Seriously alarm- ed, and full of self-reproaches, the unfortunate mes- senger knew not what to think nor which way to turn. All his inquiries and search for it being un- successful, he at length carried the evil tidings to 194 EXPRESS HISTORY. Pomeroy & Co. It is no exaggeration of the truth to say that they were struck aghast by the inteUi- gence, for that trunk contained hank notes amount' ing to several hundred thousafid dollars / A portion of-it ($130,000) consisted of sheets of Union Bank notes, registered, but not signed by the bank offi- cers, and there was about $60,000 belonging to Drew, Robinson & Co., ready for use. With the exception of a single $500 note, no description of the money had been retained by the banker in * * * from whom the Express had received it. Crawford Livingston and Major PuUen imme- diately notified the owners of the notes of their loss, and the description of the $500 bill was furnished to all the bankers and brokers in the city. Henry Wells, also, had detectives at work to obtain a clue to the robbery. Suspicion rested temporarily upon the unfortunate messenger and two equally respect- able hotel keepers, one of whom belonged to Syra- cuse and the other to New York, both men of property. The three had been seen talking to- gether on the route to New York not many hours prior to the robbery; and coupling this trivial cir- cumstance with the incredible story of the messen- ger, that he had left the trunk containing so much money upon the deck of the steamer with no one to guard it, the officers thought it afforded sufficient justification for the arrest of the gentlemen ! It was a damnable thing to do — bringing temporary odium and life-long regret to these innocent per- EXPRESS HISTORY. 195 sons and their families; but arrests upon mere sus- picion are common, and in this case the two hotel keepers were speedily released, nothing of any ac- count appearing against them. In the meantime, every effort was used by many shrewd heads to ferret out the real robber, but in vain. At length, just one month after the loss, the teller of the Bank found among the bills deposited that day by a very worthy firm of German merchants, doing business at No. Street, a $500 note answer- ing exactly to the description, which had been left with him, of one in the stolen package of $60,000. There could be no question of its identity, and had the teller taken the case immediately in hand him- self, and worked it out to its final result, as he might have done very easily, he would have obtained the large reward ($10,000) which had been offered; but the next day he notified the Express Co. of his discovery, and left all further action in the matter to them. Messrs. Livingston & Wells and Major PuUen, as may well be conceived, pursued the scent with the utmost avidity. The depositors of the note stated that they had received it for a cash purchase of goods, on the day on which they had sent it to the bank, from a German merchant belonging to Mil- waukie, named Lackner, whom they believed was still in the city. One of the firm accompanied an offi- cer, in order to identify Lackner, and in the course of a day or two he was seen by them in Broadway, and followed by them to his lodgings in Delancey 196 EXPRESS HISTOEY. Street, where they found him in company with a modest and pretty young woman, whom he had mar- ried in New York since the robbery, in which, by the way, it subsequently appeared she had had no hand. Lackner offered no resistance to arrest, but con- fessed that he had taken the messenger's trunk from the boat, and covering it with a buffalo robe, conveyed it to his room. He suspected it was valu- able, as he knew the Express messengers carried a good deal for the banks, but he was not prepared upon opening it to see it so full of money. And here we must remark, that the trunk had two com- mon inside locks to it, and was not at all like those now in use. The sheets of bank notes, not signed, he said he had put into the stove and burnt up, and this was confirmed to the satisfaction of the Presi- dent of the Union Bank, and others, for a mass of the cinders, and some unburnt fragments of the bills, were found in the flue of the chimney. All, or nearly all, the rest of the money was recovered. Lackner was committed to prison, and hung him- self the same night. His unhappy bride, so soon a widow, was an object of commiseration. She went soon afterwards, we believe, to Milwaukie, but we know nothing of her subsequent history. Another Express astonisher is known among the craft as the Rochester robbery. It occurred some 12 or 13 years ago in the R. R. Depot at Roches- ter, in this state. The trunk of the messenger of Wells & Co., containing a very large amount of EXPRESS HISTORY. 197 bank money, was stolen, and another trunk, exactly corresponding to it in appearance, substituted in its place. In short, it was a plot very similar to that used in the robbery of the two boxes of gold three years ago, and through the exertions of Henry Wells, and that excellent detective, Col. A. M. C. Smith, (now, and for some years past, Freight Su- perintendent of the American Express,) the robbers were brought to justice, and the money recovered. Wm. F. Harnden had a great hatred of thieves, and nothing delighted him more than to balk, ex- pose, and punish them. His pockets, when he trav- elled much in the cars and steamboats, were a trap for the pickpockets abroad, and by this means he would catch them in the act, and put them under arrest. It is said that on one occasion a pick- pocket was a little too much for him, for he suc- ceeded in abstracting the tempting pocket book, (full of worthless notes,) without his knowing it, greatly to the expressman's chagrin. At the outset of Harnden's brief but glorious Ex- press career, the people of the very sedate and vir- tuous city of Boston were horrified one morning by the announcement in the papers, that during the night the store of the jewelers, Jones, Lows & Co., had been robbed of more than $30,000 worth of silver plate. Either $3,000 or $5,000 were offered as a reward for the conviction of the robbers and recovery of the property. The police officers (in those " good old days" called constables) were on 198 EXPRESS HISTORY. the qui vive. Derastus Clapp, the famous detect- ive, was on the alert; but it was reserved for an expressman to obtain the clue and ferret out the robber. Harnden stuck to his express duties as usual, but, nevertheless, his active brain was busy, and the requisite senses were bent upon discover- ing who stole the silver plate. It was not long before his skill and untiring per- severance were rewarded. He traced the robbery home to its perpetrator — a noted villain whom he had seen often in the cars — and, with the valuable assistance of Clapp, the robber was arrested and all the stolen goods recovered. The officer, we believe, received the reward, or a portion of it. Harnden generously declining to receive a share of it, was presented by the grateful jewelers with a valuable gold watch suitably inscribed. Express Routine. THE QUALIFICATIONS AND DUTIES OF AGENTS, MESSENGERS, CLERKS AND DRIVERS. Extraordinary care and judgment should be used by Express proprietors and superintendents in the selection of their agents, clerks, messengers and drivers. Indeed, however humble the duty of the employee, it is in his power (or he may be made a tool in the hands of designing knaves) to injure the Express Company. The mass of men— even those famihar with mer- EXPRBSS HISTORY. 199 cantile affairs, are not adapted naturally to the duties of Express agents. It is of some import- ance that the agent should enjoy the respect and friendly regard of the community in which he is located; but this of itself does not fit him for his duties. He should be constantly alive to the re- sponsibility of his position, assiduous in his atten- tion to the work assigned to him, and prompt in the execution of it. Accustomed to receiving and forwarding large amounts of money and valuables, his natural tendency is to suffer his watchfulness to diminish, which of course is wrong. A want of caution is inherent in mankind. We see or hear of this failing constantly, even in those whose lives are a constant scene of danger. The soldier and sailor are proverbially careless. The engineer, upon his locomotive, dashing along by the brink of precipices, over a route strewn with the debris of numerous railroad catastrophies, has been known to sleep at his post. It was but for a minute or two, perhaps, and it may have been a very rare thing, but carelessness almost as great as that is by no means uncommon. It cannot be wondered at, then, that Express agents and their clerks should in some instances prove to be lacking in watchful- ness; still it does not justify them, and the em- ployee so offending should be immediately dis- charged. The company has too much at stake to intrust it to such hands. When we reflect that millions of dollars^ in charge of the Express, are 18* 200 EXPRESS HISTORY. in transitu daily, entirely at the mercy of the agents and messengers, the importance of having only those who are faithful and careful, constant- ly, demands no further demonstration. The em- ployees who are to fill these responsible berths should be selected cautiously, and never with a view to their cheapness. Their antecedents (to make use of a term which has lately come into fashion) ought to be carefully inquired into, and their pres- ent habits, too, are a fit subject for consideration. Had this been done in the case of one messenger, at least, it would have saved him from a crime which has carried him to a State Prison, and the Express Company from a loss of not less than $30,000. What we have said of the necessity of watch- fulness in Express agents will apply with equal, or perhaps greater force to Express messengers. They should always bear in mind, that great as is their bodily exposure to accidents, their reputation should be as dear to them as life or limb. In case a loss occurs of any money parcel or valuable pack- age in his charge, the messenger has to bear no inconsiderable share of the onus of it. The un- charitable and mean-minded will not hesitate to suspect him of the robbery, however irreproacha- ble may be his moral character. It behooves him, therefore, to be always vigilant and attentive to his trust. Express clerks are usually a very worthy class 202 EXPRESS HISTOET. i fe8 i s 9 S s s 8 : 8 8 IS 3 1 1 : : : : : : : : S IS hI ill 1 1 MM* 1^ <1 1 : 5: : : : S: : : : :S IS § tJ MM M "M M i^ o ^ 1 :::?«: :. g: 3 : : :: —IS J :i jS 5 : i jj =i S i Mi 1 p ^ - : : ; : : S : : : 8: IS i n ii 2; \\ Si iii ? 1 : S:: :: -.'. 'm . ■ o ■• ■■• ■■ : : 8: 19 i lij n ii i: iii i: r ias i5 : K II #1 g . tc ii is :• • n if 1 ^1 1 i I i a m BQ ii il IIP ^ '. : : : t ; ; ^i is im U II nil KSiiii ^^ :? iii- •?: :S : : : : §■« -? •• : i2 si |a : igl 'H 3^ Mil -^ ^x : :bm Ii J ^ g m 5 1 ■li n w i ^ ■ lit •sssis 11 p? If 11^ 1 ! If II 11 1! m II III Is III 1 s III II III ii 1 ^■"^ r|l r- 1 1 1 1 -1 - I 1 1 1 -1 -1 II EXPRESS HISTORY 2oa IS O •-9 N Q ►-^ o H (—1 Q 1^ W c 1^ I2g J-r IS g ig ;i 5 u IS S 00 111 II IS IS I. S3 It 204 EXPRESS HISTORY. rH C^ 00 rH <0 i~l r-l<0 11 >0 «0 S O CO 00 CO lO <0 coo O 80 O O Ci I il gSSi255aj;a§SS5SSSSSSS8S§E5§3Si52S S? C<»COOOOOCao^)t>aoiot-ccrHioa>>o««Da>'<*^i-iiO'^co^ gggg^s^gggggggggggggggg^gag IS tHW^iOOe-OOOi-iWW^iOt-OOOlOi-l c»ete<3ffSSc«gA >n 04 O O O ^->A Q O C4 O lA lot fjeo^^ww o3'<»fio»'»^^Oimr-it-i-ieoooo^e»oo ggggS2g!a2g8g38^2SS82S2£g8S |c^$sss3^-?ss;S3ss;2;8Mgs^^s$ct^E3s^s *- lO 00 r-i CO f-l 11 i-t Fl c« e« i-ico^io«t^aooiHe4eo«4i>at>ooo)0^ S33ssasa8ag8^-saa EXPRESS HISTORY. 205 S ^. a o {H ^ ,_i >* gj iA g -*- ^ w s § «» 0M a g 3 Jh «» e ^ S s o 4^ H ^ § s ^ «• 0. d ii 3' «" 132 ¥■ s» 00 «-tl-« QQ SSIS 'I — I *s gg ADAMS EXPRESS COMPANY. BostOBy AliVIIV ADAmS. E. "W, PARSONS, SnperintenfleBt. EASTERN DIVISION. HAETFOKD, PROV. & PISHKILL K. R. OFFICE. AGENT. Hartford Daniel Phillips Manchester J. O. Spencer Willimantic J. Walden South Windham S. S. Weaver Baltic J. E. Jewett Moosap Geo. Dunlap Sterling. D. H. Freeman Coffin's Road D. W. Burnap Anthony R. Harvey Washington J. M. Spencer Bristol G. M. Mitchell Plainville R. Neale Oneco John Fahey NEW YORK ft NEW HAVEN R. R. New York W. L. Crane New Haven W. Webb Bridgeport H. R. Parrott Waterbury E. M. Hardy Milford Wm. Strong Stratford A. B. Judd Fairfield J. C. Nichols Westport H. Allen Southport A. Jennings Norwalk G. W. Jennings Darien H.Bell Stamford George H. Hoyt Port Chester J. Marshall New Rochelle. M. Hoyt HOTJSATONIC R. R. Pittsfield E. B. Wilson Stepney A. Piatt Newtown J. Bottsford Hawleysville D. P. Hawley Brookfield L. G. Knapp N. Milford F. Boardman Merwinsville S. Merwin Kent A.St. John Cornwall Br H. C. Gregory W. Cornwall S. P. Judson Falls Village W. H. Matson Canaan W. W. Williams Sheffield Jay J. Kellogg Great Barrington T. M. Chapin Housatonic J. S. Stone Glendale E. Wentworth Stockbridge S. Rockwell So. Lee E. B. Manley OFFICE. AGENT. Lee R. H. Booth Lenox Furnace W. Thomas Lenox W. O. Curtis Van Deusenville J. Soudant NAUGATUCK. Derby L. G. Wilcoxson Ansonia E. W. Webster Seymour P. B. Buckingham Naugatuck L. M. Booth Waterville W. Pickett Plymouth H. Baldwin Litchfield W. Butler Wolcottville H. B. Richards Union City J. H. Whittemore Naugatuck Junction . . A. T. Curtis CANAL. CoUinsville A. Williams Hitchcock Station H. Bradley Cheshire T. B. Payne Granby G. W. Holcomb Westfield H. C. Gates Southington O. D. Woodruff HARTFORD & SPRINGFIELD R. R. Wallingford S. N. Edmonds Berlin W. W. Norton Middletown H. Harrington Windsor Locks A. H. Putnam Windor A. H. Mack Thompsonville Albert Ray Warehouse Point ... .V. Warner NEW LONDON & NEW HAVEN R. R. New London P. Turner Norwich E. P. Slocum Westbrook H. S, Bartlett Clinton J. C. Chittenden Madison G. N. Wilcox Lyme T.Johnson Guilford C. E. Crittenden Say brook L. Redfield NORWALK & DANBUEY R. R. Bethel T. B. Wheeler Wilton J. R. Comstock Cannon Station Wm. Dudley 207 WESTERN DIVISION. AliFBED OAITHEB, S.n pcrintendenf OFFICE. STATE, Amanda Ohio. Athens " Acton Ind. . Adams " Amity " Aurora " Austin *• Anna 111. . . Ashley " Barnesville Ohio. Bellair " Belmont " Blanchester " Bloomfield " Bowensville " Bremen ** Bridgeport " Batesville Ind. . Bedford " Belleville " Bloomington . . " Brazil " Brownstown . , " Butlerville .... " Bridgeport ....111.. ., Bagdad Ky. . Belleview •* Boston " Boyd's ♦• Blairsville Mo. , , Bowling Green. Ky. .. Cadiz Ohio, Cambridge " Campbell's " Chillicothe " Cincinnati " Circleville " Clarksville " Claypool " Columbus '* Concord " Cutler " Coshocton " Carlisle Ind. . Cartersburgh ... " Clayton " Cloverdale " Columbus " Currysville ** Cairo 111. . Carbondale .... " Carlyle " Centralia ...... " Central City . . « Clermont •* .J. H. Sunderman G. H. Stewart J. D. Pleak B. W. Bush J. B. Wilson .C. Shick J. J. Van Dyke .C. Judkins A. Stewart E. Faucett & Bro. S. Baldwin J. Blackburn Latimer & Custer E. J. Gardner G. L. Clark . D. Kipper P. T. Vestal J. H. Davis J. W. Carter T. H. Senin R. H. Sawyer J. K. Hamilton . T. J. Warner .M. Red ford Whitehead J. Carpenter P. & L. C. Boyd .J. T. Farris J.I. & J. E. Young- love . A. F. Moore J. Fordyce J. Gibson M. Sparks C. Woodward A. Beach P. R. Cliver H. R. Beeson Speer, Patterson &Co. E. Denmead W.F.Mason A. F. Shirts Lockheart & Bro. B. Grass H. B. Hogue D. Brownson ,L. Jorgenser W. S. Mason G. W. Hayne T. Wight J. C. Gall J. R. & T. Johnson OFFICE. STA.TE. AGENT. Clay City 111. . . J. J. McCawley Coloma " H. Watkins Covington Ky. . .S. Reynolds & Son Cynthiana " T. R. Rankin Cadett Mo. . .A. Long Dresden Ohio. .P. Rouey Delaware Ind. . . J. S. Little Dupont *' R. Winterstein De Soto Ill J. H. Storer Du Quoin " A. J. Mitchell Danville Ky. ..S.P.Barber DeSoto Mo. ..C.B. Fletcher Dongola Ill Geo. Little Edinburgh Ind. . . J. De Hart Elizabethtown,. " J. B. Newcomb & Co. EUettsville " J. McCampbell Evansville .... '' G. H. Fith Eminence Ky. ..D.Thomson Fairview Ohio. . Frankfort ♦' W. Rittenhouse Frazersburgh . . •* E. L. Lement Fairland Ind. . . W. Judkins Fillmore " H.Ellis Fort Ritner " L T. Reed Franklin " J. W. Kightley Flora 111. ..E.P.Turner Falmouth Ky. . .R. Tomlinson Frankfort " G.W.Owen Gibson Ohio . . S. G. Yakey Glencoe " Lochrey Goshen Pike . . " A. C. Fry Greenfield " J. A. Cheever Gosport Ind. . . J. M. Cash Green Castle . . " J. Allen Greensburgh . . " C. Bryan Greenwood " S. Frazier Guilford " C. W. Robinson Georgetown . .Ky. . .B. F. Williams Gallatin Tenn..W. H. Yates Glendale Ky. ..J.B.Walker Hamden Ohio. .B. J. Lowe Hillsboro " W. H. Glenn Harrodsburgh . .Ind. . .D. Jones Hazleton " T. Johnson Henry ville " E. B. Guernsey Holton " C. Boswell Huron " J. W. Bartlett Hadley 111. . . . Robinson & Grier Harrodsburgh. .Ky. . .J. F. Woods Hopewell Mo. . .J. Evans Hutchinson Ky. . .M. Hutchinson Indianapolis Ind. . . J. G. Obr Ironton Mo. . .Taylor & Servioo Iron Mountain. . " J. W. S. Boyce Jackson Ohio. .Bunn <& Bra Jefferson ville . .Ind. . . J. H. Miles !08 OFFICE. STATE. Ind. . 111. . Ky. . ks Mo. . Ohio. Jonesville . Jonesboro. . . Jericho. . . . Jefferson Bar Lagrange. . . Leesburgh . Lexington . Lynchburgh . Loveland. . . Lawrenceburg London . . Loogootu Lawrenceville Lebanon . . . Lagrange , . . Lexington . Louisville. .. Lancaster... Labanon . . . Loretto Marietta Marshfield . Martinsville. McArthurs . McCoy's.... Milwood . . . Monroe Morrow Madison . . . Medora Memphis . . . Mitcuell Moore's Hill Mound City. Midway , . . Mumfordsville Martinsville Newark . . New Market New Comerst'wn New Holland New Lexington New Vienna New Albany North Vernon Nebraska . . . New Point . Noble Nicholasville New Haven. Nolen Osgood Orleans Oak Station . Odin Olney O'Fallou's. . Pittsburgh . Portsmouth . Philadelphia Road PortWashingtoa Ind. 111. Ky. Ohio, Ind. 111. . Ky. . Ohio. Ind. Ind. 111. Ky. Ind. « 111. Pa. . Ohio, .Hayes & See .C. Shiel .Moore & Maddox .M.Smith . Bracken&Rodgers C. M. Bentley R. Chambers N. W. Cummings G. K. Smith .J. P. Chew E. K. Long .J. B. Adams J. & J. Blair . Hapwood jfeGibson J. Harper S. A. Jones R. C. Daniels Cardwell&Edelen O 'Brian & Ballard . D. G. Mathews H. Boden J. Wood S. Isaminger C. C. Breneman L. B. Biggs W. Reddish C. T. Hunt .R.C. Weldrum W. Dibb I. Deitz H. U. Manley J. H. Long . R. C. Daniel .G. W. OcKeal Jno. T. Brown .1. M. Townsend D. D. Jewett W. Creal Nugan & Smith N. R. Ferguson P. Bastian A. J. Amberg .C. Pink .A. P. Huckleberry P. Rooney . R. Rowland .G. W. Stewart H. Buler Phillips & Dorsey .F. Miller J. F. Kimbly A. & G. Bond F.Root T. P. Lawrence Peach & Simmons .Geo. Bingham . W. S. McColen Lacey I. Angel OFFICE. Portland Patoka . . Plainfield Putnamville. Pierceville . Pulaski ... . Paris Paris Pilot Knob . Queensville . Quincy Roseville . . . Rush Run. . . Rusville . , . Rockford . . . Richview . .. Spencer's. .. Salesville... Steubenville Stoutsville Salem , Sabina Stanton. . . . Seymour . . , Sholbyville Salem Sullivan . . . St. Paul . . , Sparles Shoalds . . , Synman's . . Sandoval . . , South Ross . Salem Sumner.. Summerfield Smithfield . Scipio Shepardsville St. Marys. . . Torre Haute Taylorsville Trenton . . Tamorra . . Urichsville Unionport Ullin Upton Vinton Furnace Vincennes . Vanwedden's Vernon Vienna Wellsville . Washington. Willmiugton Westboro . . . Williamsport Washington . Waldron . . . STATE. Ohio. Ind. . AGENT. , J. J. Jones .J. Corbett Sanders & Easter- ling W. M. Waldron 111. . Ky. . Mo. . Ind. . (( Ohio, Ind.. 111. Ohio. Ind. 111. Ky. . Ind.. 111. . Ohio 111. . Ky. . Ohio Ind. . Ohio. Ind. .H. T. Brent J. R. Lyle L. P Cone P. Buck .W. Leiuhart W. B. Lytten F. H. Barr .L. T.Davis T. B. Needles .Fordyce & Shipley M. M. Garrett D. Myers W. Stout S. A. Langdon J. Theobold Shields & Ewing B. Johnson C. H. Buck Pierce & Kelly B. Jenkins Geo. Miller O'Brien & Baker C. Marsh .B. W. Carter D. Gow L. W. Drake S. Knox T. B. Peeples Guthrie «fe Hannon J. F. Draper J. Chaddick B. J. Spaulding .W. C. Lupton S. Steinberger .J. Meguire N. Holt .J. W. Bukey Harvey & Vorhes .W.J. Waters .G. W. Upton .H. C. Vincent .J. Reynolds H T. Lellse H. T. Varoter I. Hougland .P. L. Mackintosh W. B. Smith J. Rutherford L. Racket O. R. Davis .J. R. Clark Hahn & McCain 209 OFFICE. STATE. Wheatland ....Ind. . Waynesville . . " . Wetaug 111. Wheeling Va. . West Lafayette.. Ohio AGENT. .W.H.Wallace .J. K. Haws Hight & Helman ,N. Pigman .S. Ketchara OFFICE. Woodburn . Woodland . Xenia Zaleska Zanesville . STATE. ...Ky. . '.'.!iiis. . ...Ohio AGENT. .Robinson W. Ritter .0. M. Hammond .J. F. Sands H. Orndorff II . ] OFFICE. STATE. Augusta Ga. . . Atlanta " Athena " Adairsville .... " Barnesville " Calhoun " Cartersville " Cassville " Covington " Crawford vi lie . . " Curaming " Dalton " Forsyth " Greensboro.. .. " Griffin " Jonesboro " Kingston " La Grange .... " Lexington .... ** Madison " Marietta " Newnan *• Ringgold *' Rome " Social Circle ... " Stone Mountain. " Thompson .... " Auburn Ala... Brownsville *' Chehaw *' Courtland .... " Cusscta " Decatur '* Florence " Huntsville .... " Mobile " Montgomery ... ** Mooresville " Notasulga .... " Opelika " Selma " Somerville " Tuscumbia .... " Tuskeega " Amite Miss. Brookhaven ** SOUTHERN DIVISION. PliANT, .Superintendent AGENT. C. Haskell T. M. Lampkin E. Lovelace C. W. Brown S. A. Miners J. A. Maddox W. H. Woffard J. A. Spencer Dobbin E. R. Andrews J. H. Bard A. Guon C. C. Lewis M. A. Bowdoin T. C. Elliott A. S. Spencer Little J. H. Porter J. R. Tooker A. J. Lowe R. H. Cauldwell W. S. Cothran J. A. Clark J. W. Goldsmith R. H. Bush ,B. F. Johnston W. W. Lorance Adams J. J. Pearce W. A. Raney D. Halsey J. J. Pittraan J. W. AflFron E. S. Smith W. L. Wayland W. C. Jackson Donald Collier Central Warehouse Company W. S. Throckmor- ton Adams .C.S.Stewart W. Hoskins OFFICE. STATE. . Miss. AGENT. Bolivar Canton " Coflfeeville .... " Corinth " Crystal Springs. " Grenada " Goodmans .... " Holly Springs . . " Hazelhurst .... " Juka " Jackson " Magnolia " Natchez " Oxford " Osgka " Summit " Tangapapo .... " Vicksburg .... " Water Valley . . " Athens Tenn, Chattanooga. . . " Cleveland " Columbia *• Charleston " Collinsville " Decherd " Gerraantown . . •' Jackson " Knoxville .... " La Grange *• London " Memphis '• Moscow " Mouse Creek ... " Murfreesboro. . . " Nashville " Philadelphia ... " Shelbyville " Summerville. . . " Sweetwater .... " Saulsbury " Charlotte N.C.. Aiken S. C. Blackville " Charleston " Camden " Columbia *• .C.J.Joy Pierce W. B. Wagner N. B. Robei-tson C. A. Folsom J. Powell P. A. Morton J. J. House S. Newman J. M. Stone G. W. Bemia E. M. Bee J. D. Dellingcr W. H. Parker W. H. Thomas W. E. Ligon H. Brinbaum S. L. SchcUiug J. W. Henderson J. McCormick F. Montgomery H. B.Titcomb S. D. Stout F. M. Williams J. Carter W. Brown G. G. Hughs T. Murrah D. W. AnderEon J. K. Adams H. Berden D. C. Moseley J.H.Magill J. W. Thomas J. S. Butler T. J. Moore W. Galbraith R. G. Bum pass R. C. Rowan D. W. Camp .F. M. Rea .C. H. Ranlett C. W. Stewart W. T. J. 0. Wood- ward J. Jonea A. Lee 210 Ot^FtCE. StATE. Chester S. C. Claremont Florence Graniteville Gadsden Kingsville .... Louisville . . . . Marion lOENT. W. T. Robison J. W. Rogers J. M. Chandler Edney W. B. Flowers W. Shaw J. B. Welling J. C. Oata OPFlCk. STATE. AdENt. Manchester S. C . J. H. Boyd Orangeburgh . . " W. C. Meredith Sumter « B.Mitchell Winnsboro " W. R. Garrison New Orleans . .La. . . J. J. McKeever Grand Junction. Tenn.G. M. Dugan West Point . . . .Ga. . . W. W. Hulburt PENNSYLVANIA DIVISION. jr O n N BINOKAIII, SnperintendenK OFFICE. Altoona Avondale Blairsville Blairsville Int's. Bell's Mills .... Brintons Bedford Birmingham . . Bainbridge .... Bloody Run.... Carlisle Chambersburg. . Chester Cresson Christiana .... Columbia Claysville Coatesville .... Claymont Derry g Downingtown .. Duncannon East Liberty . . Elizabeth town.. Fostoria Freeport Gap Gallitzin Greensburg Georgetown Glen Riddle.... Gettysburg Glen Rock Green Castle . . Harrisburgh . . Halifax Hilltiide Hollidaysburg.. Hopewell Huntingdon Herndon Hanover Homer Indiana Irwins Jeft'erson Johnstown .... Kittanning .... STATE. AGENT. Penn..E. M. Jones •* C. R. Forbes " J. Zimmer " J. N. Hough " B. F. Bell " J. Baldrige, Jr. " S. J. Way '* Jas. Thomson ** Henry Isaacs " J. B. Farquhar " Jas. Louden " W. G. Reed " S. A. Price " Jas. S. Clark " R. A. Marshall " F. X. Zeigler " L. H. Switzer " B. Harlan " L. W. Williams " W. R. Albright " R. D. Wells " Robert S. King " A. J. Whoolayer " Jas. Lynch " Levi Stahl " C. H. Smythe " Levi EUmaker « John Walsh " Joseph Taylor " Arbogast & Bubb " Jas. Neville " C. H. Buehler " Emanuel Sheffer " E. G. Heston " John Marsh " M. C. Breniser " Jas. Bingham " Jno. F. Lowry " J. J. Lawrence " Wm. H. Lamb " Daniel E Trone " David Boyd « Geo. W. Sedgwick " Jas. Fleming " J. D. Hamilton '' J. A. Munson « W. H. H. Piper STATE. AGENT. Kellysville .. . Leaman Place. . Lancaster Latrobe Lewisburg . . . . Lewistown Lykenstown Littlef'town Marietta Mechanicsburg. . Midway Middletown .... Millerstown. . .. Mifflin Mill Creek .... Millersburg Mount Joy Mount Unioa . . Milton Mapleton Media Muncy Mc Veytown Newport New Hamilton. . New Florence . . Northumberland New Oxford Oakland Parkesburg .... Penningtonville Penny ville .... Petersburgh Port Trevorton.. Pittsburgh PaoH Saxion Steamboat .... Selin's Grove . . Shippensburg . . Spruce Creek . . Sunbury Shamokin .... Tipton Tyrone Taylorstowa . . Uniontown .... Washington.... Penn..John Drew " Chas. Laverty " J. G. Thackara " J. W. Coulter " J. Wolfe " W. Swartz " Jonas Garman " J. Bombgartner " A. W. Stehman " Armstrong Noble " Geo. W. Mell " Yentzer & Hake " Wm. J. Jones " J. McCay " W. C. Wagner " G. M. Brubaker " H. Shaflfner " A. Lewis " C. A. Bound " J. Donaldson " Alex. Henderson " David Mecum " Geo. Mitchell " W. Glover " D. W. Hunter " J. N. McCartney " Conrad Wenck " Bastress & Winter " J. Boyer " J. T. Wiley «fc Co. " J. W. Wright *' Jno. Lukena " J no. R. Hunter " J. P. Bogar " Geo. Bingham " John Dodwell " Chas. S. Favon " J. Whitell " J. H. Fisher " Kelso & Matthews " R. A. Dorsey " A. W. FiPher " G. B. Cadwallader " J. M. Confer " C. Guyer " S. J. Cronthens " Wm. P. Datesman " John Baird 211 OFFICE. STATE. West Alexandria Penn Westchester ** Williamsport . . " York *' Bridgeville Del. . Camdea " Dover " Delmar " Elktoa Md. . Farmington Del. . FeltoQ " Havre De Grace. Md. . AGENT. .A. R. Howe C. P. Hewes J. B. Corryell Jas. A. Stabll .William Gray J. T. Jakes D. F. Burton J. B. Clarkson .B.Wells .C. J. Harrington J. B. Conner .R. Evans OFFICE. STATE Harrington Del. . Hagerstown Md. . Laurell Del. . Middletown " Milford " New Castle " Newark " North East ....Md. . St. Georges ....Del. . Seaford " Smyrna " Wilmington " AGENT. .Wm. J.Fisher .Edward M. Mealey . A. J. Hearn J. H. Miles W. T. Vauls L. M. Chase G. W. Ortlife .J. T.Roberts ,Wra. Magens Jas. B. Clarkson Jas. A. Searenson Geo. Canning. I> . B AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY. EASTERN DIVISION. U T TE RF !£ li D • Oeneral Superintendent. Dirision Superintendent OFFICE. STATE. AGENT. Adams N. Y. Adams Centre . . ** Akron " Albany " Albion ** Alder Creek " Amsterdam " Attica •' Auburn " Aurora " Antwerp '* Alexander " Baldwinsville , . " Barrytown " Batavia " Boonville " Brockport " Brownville " Buffalo " Byroa " Caledonia " Camden " Camillus " Canandaigua . . " Canastota " Cape Vincent . . " Carthage " Castleton " Catskill " Cayuga " Cherry Valley . . •' Chittenango. ... " Chili " Churchville " Clayton " Clitton Springs. " Clyde " Coburg C. W. Colborne " Cold Spring.... N.Y.. .W.M. Adams Daniel Fox C. M. Rich Am. Ex. Co. Nichoson & Paine E. J. Evans J. W. Sturtevant R. G. White J. L. Doty Morgan & Moeher E. G. Taylor M. W. Brown W. E. Williams J. Cosgrove H. B. Ferren J. Doig J. D. Spring J. E. Robinson W. B. Peck James Bean H. Sinclair H. A. Case E. h\ Wellington G. R. Fox C. F. Toby W. B. Buckley I. Van Norsdall A. Van Hoesen H. F. Olmsted F. H. Lyon A. H. Watkins L. B. Curtiss Charles Coler S. D. Bromley Fowler & Esseltyne J. A. Sutherland E. R. Calhoun , C. G. Oliver E. P. Dewy .B. Spellman OFFICE. STATE. Cayuga Lake ..N.Y. Chaumont •* Cornwall " Coxsackie " Cooperstown , . " Canton " Croton " Crugers " Dobbs' Ferry . . " De Kalb " Dresden " East Bloomfield " Evans' Mills " Fairport " Fiehkill " Fonda " Ft. Montgomery " Fort Plain " Frankfort " Frog Point " Fulton •' Garrison's .... " Gasport .../.. " Geneva " Germantown . . " Glenham " Gouverneur " Hastings " Herkimer " Holland Patent. « HoUey " Honeoye Falls.. " Hudson " Hermon " Hyde Park " Hion " Irvington " Ithaca " Jordan " JeflFerson " .A. L. Goodrich W. Baker W. H. Barrett L. W. Carman Kendall & Hawes W. P. Brown W. Kecfe E. F. Byington C. Gisner See Hermon Wm. Downey S.^almon L.%. Sandiforth J. Eddy P. Kelly W. B. Fonda John Scanlan J. R. Simms W. R. Stevens See Cayuga Lake M. Cox R. A. Berard D. L. Welsh E. H. Sly J. T. Abrahams A. W. Lomas Bowne & Smith D. Crane H. H. Bellinger J. Candee D. B. Kellogg W. M. Locke J. H. Poultney S. W. Delano H. Tuthill L. L. Merry P. M. Wasmer J. Johnson D. C. Austin Capt. Tuthill 212 OFFICE. STATE. ..N. Y AGENT. Junction Kasoag " Keenes '• Kidder's Ferry . " Kingston " Kingston C.W.. Knowlcsville ..N.Y.. Lake Ridge '* Lamsons " Lavana " LeRoy " Little Falls. ... " Limerick " Lockport " Lodi " Lyons " Macedon " Manlius " Marcellus " Mannsville " Medina " Middleport " Murray " Miller's Corners " McConnellsville " Newark " Newburgh " New Hamburgh " New York " Niagara Falls . . " North Hector . . " Oak Hill " Ogdensburgh . . " Oneida - " Oriskany " '• Oswego " Ovid " Palatine Bridge. " Palmyra " Peekskill " Pembroke " Pierrepont Manor " Pittsford " Philadelphia ... " Port Byron " Port Hope C. W. Poughkeepsie . .N. Y. Phelps Potsdam Potsdam Junct Prospect Pulaski Remsen Rhinebeck . . . ..J. McNamara Thos. Smith H. B. Keene See Cayuga Lake Cbas. Schryver .J. C. Clark .W. North See Cayuga Lake M. S. Thompson See Cayuga Lake M. G. Lamkins S. J. Waters T. Zimmerman "W. H. Eager J. M. Coryell G. R. Rudd M. J. Wilcoxen C. N. Lewis H. A. Steele A. M. Wardwell D. J. Willis F. Craig C. Thomas W. B. Ingalls R. R. Agt A. Hays J. E. Fuller S. H. Jones A. Holland C. B. Hoit A. Goodwin See Catskill C. P. Geer I. N. Messenger S. P. Halleck L. L. Kenyon A. L. Furman W. Wagner J. C. Calhoun Robt. Poultney J. Garvin H. A. Hatch G. R. Wood John Ellis A. M. Green .W. Burnham . A. A. Ver Valen W. Root J. H. Seeley W. B. Whitney T. Arthur H. H. Mellen W. Francis See Kingston, N.Y. OFFICE. STATE. Rochester N.Y.. Rome " Rondout ** Richland " Richville " Rock Stream . . " Sandy Creek ... " Saugerties " Sand Banks •' Schenectady " Savannah " Schodack " Seneca Falls ... " Sheldrake .... " Sing Sing " South Byron... " Spencerport ... " Springport '• Spuyten Duyvil " Staatsburgh " StaflFord " St. Johnsville . . " Stockport '• Stuyveeant " Susp'n Bridge . . " Seneca Lake . . " Shortsville " Stittsville " Syracuse " Tarrytown '* Taberg " Three Mile Bay. " Tivoli " Tonawanda " Town Line " Trenton " Troy " Utica " Verona " Verplancks " Vienna " Victor " Waterloo " Watertown " Watkins " Weedsport " Wende " West Bloomfield " West Point " West Camden . . " Williamstown .. " Yonkers •* AGENT. L. B. Van Dake J. B. Barton See KingBton,N.Y. See Pulaski S. A. Keene R. Lincoln W. T. Tifft T. J. Barritt R. R. Agt E. E. Page E. Luce L. F. Ostrander Z. D. Avery Harris, Thomas & Son J. Archer See Byron T. H. Schuyler See Cayuga Lake J. R. Havens P. Cummings C. W. March H. F. Jones E H. Simmonds A. D. V. Witbeck S. W. Bronson H. Tuthill J. Hurley S. B. Atwood A. S. Higgins H. N. Powell R. R. Agt A. P. Mayo G. W.Norcutt W. Sweeney G. Pritchard H. S. Benedict H. Yates M. HaskeU John Lee See Phelps C. Hurley R. Furniss C. A. Clark See Seneca Lake R. G. Adams G. Davis D. G. Glover R. A. Berard S. J. W. Gamble E. A. Sperry J. Mangin 213 JWesiern nivition^—SAH. C. FAROO, Oeu. Superintendent. Canadm.—S, U. ARN£TT, Superintendent. OFFICE. AGENT. Aeton J. Ahera Brantford Thos. Evana Bothwell Wra. Laughton Beachville "Wm. Hook Brampton Wm. Stark Berlin Wm. Davidson Beamsville J. C. Kerr Chatham Thos. McCrae Clifton H. S. Smith Clinton Smith & Fisher Caledonia A. C. Buck Dunnville Brown & Mylne Dundas Wm. Tavlor Fort Erie R. Ratcliflf Glencoe D. S. McKellar Grimsby J. A. Nellis Gait J. G. Eraser Georgetown C. Ryan Guelph C. P. Hutchinson Goderich J. F. Mercer Hamilton J. D. Irwin IngersoU E. Doty Komoka O. D. Mabee London J. T. Boniface Mitchell E. J. Woods Mount Brydgea Edward Mihell Malton J. McNevin OFFICE. AGENT. New Hamburgh J. P. Smith Newbury Thos. Robinson Port Colborne L. G. Carter Port Stanley E. E. Warren Preston W. Schluter Paris R. Nisbet Princeton S. Yale Petersburgh W. Piatt Rockwood . . . J. U. McKenzie St. Catharines Wm. Cooke St. Thomas G. McKenzie Shakspeare Wm. Dunmoodie Stratford L. Reynolds St. Marys R.Calvert Seaforth Patton, Torr «& Co. Sarnia W. B. Clark Stratbroy Jas. Keefer Thamesville A. J. C. Shaw Thorold Hugh James Toronto M. H. Irish Windsor S. K. Forde Woodstock J. McKay Weston E. E. Knight Widder J. McCarmiff S. Bridge, N. Y J. H. Arnett N.Falls, " C. B. Hoit Lewiston, " R. Trafford CLEVELAND DIVISION. GHARIiES II. WJBIiJLS, Superintendent. OFFICE. STATE. AGENT. Dunkirk N. Y..M. B. White Silver Creek. . , •< Westfield Pa. . Columbus " Conneautville . . " Erie " Girard •• Meadville " North East " Union Mills " West Greenville "• Waterford " Warren " E. R. Ballard .8. R. Dewey W. C. Howard E. L. Litchfield J. Harper Geo. II. McEntire L. C. Magaw S. Malick Wm. Putnam Jno. R. Packard C. M. Hayes A. J. Davis Ashtabula Ohio. .A. C. Hubbard Berea Corwin Crestline . . Cedarville Cleveland. Cincinnati. Conneaut . . Columbus. . Cardington Delaware . . Grafton . . Geneva... W. B. Rogers Cadwalader&Crane J. G. Barnes H. H. Gibney Jno. E. Cole Frank Clark S. A. Boughton Jno. Stearns A. H. Shunk B. Dickinson&Son A. K. Hand H. S. Hunger OFFICE. STATE, Gilead Ohio. Greenwich ** Galion " Iberia " Kingsville .... " London ** Lebanon •* Loveland •'* Milford " Morrow " Madison " Newark " New London ... " Painesville " Rochester " S. Charleston . . " Shelby " Springfield " Worthington . . '* Wellington .... " West Jefferson. . " Willoughby " Xenia " Yellow Springs. '' Zanesville *' Louisville Ky. . AGENT. .C. B.Foot H. Townsend B. F. Mathias II. W. Cole E. D. Nettleton John Cass Jno. Wise G. R. Smith Z. C. Woodruff E. F. Hunt O. C. Loveridge J. J. Buckingham Ira Liggett H. Steele, Jr. Horace Bacon H. G. Tibbals E. S. Close Chas. B. Morris W. S. Park N. Hamlin D. W. Bliss W. H. Turner N. Dougherty Johnson &Gilmore A. C. Ross .Frank Tryon 214 MICHIGAN DIVISION. CHARIiES FARGO uperintendent .— JD e tro4 t , OFFICE. STATE. Wayne Mich.. Ypsilanti " Ann Arbor " Dexter " Chelsea " Grass Lake " Leoni " Jackson " Parma " Albion '• Marshall " Battle Creek.... '* Augusta " Galesburgh .... " Kalamazoo " Mattewan " Lawton " Decatur " Dowagiac " Niles '.... « Buchanan " Davton " New Buffalo *• Michigan City. .Ind. . . Lake Station . . " Ross " .. " Dyer " Bloom -' Matteson 111. . . Frankfort '* * Joliet " E. P. Lewis B. Follett L. Dodge E. B. Tyler W. W. Whedon Lord & Fargo W. M. Sullivan liumphrey & Hib- bard E. P. ilerrill S. V. Irwin C. C. Peavy J. Stuart & Son C.W.Cock R. H. Whitford J. W. Taylor H. Fitch & Son Juo. Ihling C. Wheeler E. Pardee Geo. Goodman G. R. Treat P. Hunter A. Bennett H. H. Roberta C. F. Johnson R. D. Cornish Wra.Cullea Wm. Tomson G. Somers J. McDonald L. A. Fuller OFFICE. STATE. Birmingham ..Mich Royal Oak .... " Pontiac " Drayton Plains . " Clarkston '* Davisburgh " Holly " Fentonville " Linden " Gaines " Vernon " Corunna *• Owosso " Ovid •' St. Johns " Lyons " i'ewamo " Ionia ** Sarauac " Lowell " Ada " Grand Rapids . . " Berlin " Nemica " Grand Havt n . . *' Utica " Mount Clemens . " Ridgcway .... *• Smith's Creek .. " Port Huron " ..G.L.Lee J. B. Johnson Bagg & Parker J. Linaburg N. E. Dewell M. Hickey Arms & Tindall N. T. Thurber W. H. Cook G. B. Runion W. D. Garrison & Bro J. B. Wheeler A. H. Byerly W. C. Bennett T. Baker C. W. Staley H. W. Blanchard S. H. Sherman C. B. Pratt A. C. Vanderburgh A. Thomas C. Angell A. Walker R. S. Innis Geo. E. Hubbard F. Reynolds J. V. De Boucher- ville J. P. Smith J. Carlton Hull & Osborn JE . Tl OFFICE. STATE Alton Ills. . Augusta Ind. Arcadia '* Anderson " Bainbridge " Bradford " Brookston " Bueua Vista ... " Belleville " Brazil " Bridgeport " Bunker Hill... Ills. Bethalto «' Butler " Cambridge City. Ind. Connersville . . '* Centreville " Crawfordsville . " Cicero " INDIANAPOLIS DIVISION. '.-SliOANX:, Superintendent. AQENT. .W.M. Parks .J. Klingensmith W. T. Smith P. Burton M. Daggy W. G. Porter Jno. P. Lowery A. G. Walton L. T. Bray J. M. Connely J. L. Yealman .F. E. Adams Wm. Tryon Coudy & Mehany . R. S. Lackey A. Morrow A. Trumbull R. E. Bryant J. W. Cottingham OFFICE. STATE. AGENT. Castleton Ind. . Cumberland ... " Crittenden " Colfax " Cartersburgh ... " Coatsville " Clayton " Collinsville Ohio. Camden " Charleston Ills. . Dublin Ind. . Dudley 111.. . Dayton Ohio. Eaton " Eldorado " E. Germantown.Iud. . Fillmore " Francisville. . . " Fairfield " .H. H. Bassett Louis Pauce S. C. Hackett P. C. Scmerville H. F. Shirts Wm. Moore J. H. Davis .A. P. Young V. D. Reese .D. Byington .A. Chappell .W. S. Vaumeter .J. M. John W. D. Quinn Adams & Co. .Jacob Gipe M. D. Bridges F. F. Stokes John Evans 2l5 dPPICB. STATE. AGENT. OFFICE. STATE Franktoa ..Ind. .C. Quick Nevada ..Ind. . Florence . . Ohio . .J. H. McWhinney Oxford ..Ohio. Green Castle . ..Ind. ..W. E. Whitridge Plainfield . . . . ..Ind.. Greenfield . . . " N. F. Williams Pniladelphia u Galveston . . a Knoulton & Kendall Peru K Gillespie ..Ills. . .H. L. Elsworth Quincy << Hagerstown. . ..Ind. ..Ohio ..Ills. . .G. Hindman .J. C. Skinner .J.M.Keith Reynolds " Hamilton Raysville ... " Hillsboro Richmond . . (( Indianapolis . ..Ind. .H. W. Daniels Roseraond . . ..Ills. .. Kokomo " Richmond & Leeds St. Louis ..Mo. .. Knightstown . (( W. H. H. Glass Shelbyville . . ..His. . Kansas ..Ills.. .J.K.&W.F.Boyer Seven Mile . . ..Ohio.. Litchfield .... i< J. W. Haggard Somerville . . oleman Pocono G. F. Conklin Gouldsboro A. W. Jones Tobyhanna L. K. Ford Moscow Jno. Lattoucbe Dunniogs Granville Scranton Jno. D. Fuller Clark's Summit Sherman Abington N. Phelps Factory ville W. V. Mace Hop Bottom Geo. Thompson Oakley's D. K. Oakley Montrose Depot B. Case Monirose Village New Milford Nicholson . C. G. Merrill A. D. King Great Bend John Colstoa EARLE EXPRESS COMPANY, In connection trith Ilnrndcn^« Sxpress from Ncir York and Boston. OFFICE. STATE AOEXT. OFFICK. STATE AGENT. Warren .R. I.. .H. D. Maxfield Wick ford R. I.. .E. S.Hall Bristol << N. Warren Kingston " Earle Ex. Co. Pawtucket . . . «< B. Miller Richmond " W. C. Lamphear Attleboro .Mass. .N. C. Luther Rich'ond Switch " E. Tucker Mansfield (( F. Paine Carolina Mills. . " Earle Ex. Co. Sharon *. S. W. Bullard Charleston " Earle Ex. Co. Foxboro '« Earlc Ex. Co. Westerly " E. P. Hitchcock Canton ii Earle Ex. Co. Stonington . , . Ct. . .J. H. Palmer Boston ■r.i.. H. Pollard .Earle Ex. Co. Mysiic - Noank " J. H. Lovett Appanaug . . . Earle Ex. Co. East Greenwich '* E. Greeawich New London .. " P. Turner LEONARD'S EXPRESS, In connection irith Ilarndcn^s Express from TSvw Y'ork and Boston'* OFFICE. STATE. Grafton Mass.. Westborough . . " Southborough. . '* Cardaville " Ashland •* Northboro ♦• Marlboro " Southboro Centre " Faysville " Milford " Framingham . . " AGENT. David White, Jr. N. S. Eaten J. Fay Abner Parker Wm. Scaver Dart's Express do. do. do. Tildcn Express M. Ranney OFFICE. Saxonville . . . . Natick West Needham . Grantville Lower Falls Auburndale West Newton . . Newtonville . . . Newton Corner. Brighton Boston . . . . STATE. AGENT. Mass. .Hardy '^ W. Larring, D. M. " Mr. Perry, " " Mr. Fuller, '< " Leonard Express " Geo. Bourne " J. C. Bixby " Mr. Randall " Mr. Slocum, D. M. " Mr. Whitney, " " J. K. Bannister OSGOOD'S EXPRESS, In connection with Ilarnden'a Express from Boston and IVcw fork* OFFICE. STATE. AGENT. Valley Falls . . .R. L. .David Patt Lonsdale Albion Manville . . . Woonsocket Waterford . Blackstone . Millville ... A. Kinsman Mr. Oatman Mr. Hodges W. S. Balcam ,L. S. i'enniman (( (( Lymon Logg OFFICE. Uxbridge Whitens Northbridge . . Farnums Gratton Sulton MUlbury Worcester . . . STATE. AGENT. ,Mass..O. Taft " Mr. Carr " Mr. Carr " L. R. White " Calvin Wesson " D. T. Dudley « J. Eddv ". J. H. Osgood 224 Offices of EASTERN EXPRESS COIffPANY In the State of lUninc. North Berwick Newport Rockland Frankfort Gorham Freeport Thoraaston Castine Lewiston Bowdoinham Camden Searsport Readfield Vassal boro Belfast Ellsworth Kendall's Mills Skondregan Bucksport Lincoln Agents of CASTERN EXPRE!lS COMPAIVir. OFFICE. STAT rE. AGENT. OFFICE. STATE. AGENT. Wells Me. ..George Getchell Richmond . . . .Me. . . J. T. Robinson Kennebeck " J. Littlefield Gardiner . Always tested before buying. Proof positive this, and no mistake. $1 per bottle. The LiqUID TdGETABLE ROUGE of Dr. OOURAUI> stands unrivalled for its delicacy and brilliancy. When applied to the lip, or the cheek " sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought," it imparts a tint as deep as the cherry, or faint as the petals of a rose, and absolutely im- movable by rubbing. GOURAUD'S ORIENTAL CREARI FOR THE COIVI- PL.EXflO]V Ai^D SKI]¥. The most beautiful liquid for the Complexion ever invented. GOURAUD'S SPAIVISH ^VHITE, for the complexion. To ladies subject to flushes, or redness in the face, the above is really a beautiful article. w^ound at DR. FELIX GOURAUD'S OLD ESTABLISHED DEPOT, 67 WALKER STREET, NEW TORE. Wells & Co.; Hegeman & Co.; Park & Barnes; Mrs. Hays, BrocMjn, and Druggists generally. 227 o # EST-A.BX.ISHEID 1 1ST 18 4 3 4 Q. '^ JOHN E. STIMSON & BROS, nOM-HOVSE BROKERS AND SHIPPING AGENTS, 77 Cedar Street, Wew York. ZlXSZ*3S£l.Z3Sa'0£3fil. NEW YORK. liessre. Lamson. Goodnow & Co., " Alfred Sellers, " J. J. Adams & Co., " Richard Russell & Son, " Allen, BAbcock & Co., " George Sloan & Co., " Gillllaa Brothers, " Maguire, Hyde & Co. PHILADELPHIA. Messrs. Wray & Gillilan, » H. Duhring & Co., " Besson «fe Son, " T. & F. Evans, " Jas. W. Queen & Co., " Ferret Brothers. BOSTON. Messrs. G. D. Jarves |QWiAb( fVoii/Ueirindi. Simple Reasons for preferring Colt's Arm 'td all othei^s. If They liavf' b(H»Ti t}iori>uf!fhly Itested by all classes of 'men, m eve^^ frp,p;i'tVe!. first ^'ifl« firei in Florkla, 'Vi"ipir y|^^--^i — >>fir |in 1^37, .to rhi'v li;iv« always rt^f.panded to tlie t.oTi<-li o\' rheir ovvijers in the time of daiif^er. , , s •J. Thny have a force and aQonnn y \x Imh have fl*t) jij^alldLs in the liistory of fire-arms. .5. They dp not endanger ypiir cyesirrhf and 'brain,, qs do tli' ;i:!!i- wiili patent [niintrs, \vtUch,8n or l^ut Ai'lthout the aicjkjf AivaX'e wfjen beated,' as '(!lt) the giuc- ^vliich op<^u like m 5.,; Tlyjy Teavt^. no.bnn.iii;^- pijH r i,i;lic ! '•artvidfje into yi^ur face), as tl» jIi' ,they are to all others^, , j ,>., v/m. .i i r: , i-.,''.. vn- , ' Thejf ai>ewe(H ilnished, and as chea^ as a gjood arm caQ(,be'|n)»^e ^by thei'aid' oi modern' *iiaohinery and' Skillful labor.. . ;.-(( i i jo /iu ,b'.!> . ^.'^Thlfy are aUva'ts worth wh4^ they post — in'-4he Far W^tj-mucnlmoi;^, almos^.a lqgal.)be- ' lO: If v<)ti biiy a'jColt's Rifle jor Pi»t<^V,-jou jfeel cfT;ain;*tJia*|; yoji^aye^ (i-ue hi 'u^/ wUli.siix ]^eayts IB his body, and who can always bt reljjed on. n lo ■.ru': llw They can be,,^rried loaded and capped, wjith entii|e safety.. i. In raia', br ^ Sold by all respectable dealers throughout the world. COL. COLT'S Militafy and Sporting. Bifles. Captain Randolph B. Marcy, U. S. A. in his recent work the 'Prairie Traveller,^ thus speaks of Coif s Breech Loading FireArmsqmge 42. Colt'y revolving pistol is very generally admit- ted, both in Europe and America, to be the most efficient arm of its kind known at the present day. As the same prin- ciples are involved in the fabrication of his breech- loading ritle as are found in the pistol, the convic- tion to me is irresistible that, if one arm is worthy of consideration, the other is equally so. For my own part, I look up- on Colt's new patent rifle as a nsost excellent arm for border service. It gives six shots in more rapid succession than any other rifle 1 know of, and these, if properly expended, are oftentimes sufficient to decide a contest ; moreover, it is the most reliable and certain weapon to Are that I have ever used, and I cannot resist the force of my conviction that, if I were alone up- on the prairies, and ex- pected an attack from a Lieut. Hans Busk, M. A. of the Victoria Rijles, England, in his recent wo;7j"The Rifle and Low to use it," thus sjjeaks of Colt's Arms%pa- ges 45 and 4(^. s c%valj:¥ pistol^ fact, poCTcet rifles. "His are, in fact, poc With one of them I once fired from a re«t, at the Erith rifle ground, thirty- six rounds at the enbr"- mous rang^ of Fouit iiUMJUED AND TEN YARDS ! Six bullets struck the butt at a dis- tances varying from thirty to thirty-six inches from t^e centre pf tk^ target, eighteen bullets struck within the cir- cumference of a circle seven fc;et in diameter, and the other six shots at heights varying from ten to twelve feet above the taiget — satisfactorily proving the capacity of the weapon for a still greater range. As re- gards the purposes for which they arc intended, they may be pronounced in every respect perfect." In a letter to the inven- tor , dated 2tith April 1859v- sendingtarget(attached) he says: "Your rifle is. by far the most compleii^' specimen of a sdldiers fi^nelock that has y eJ, been, produced and cousider- r have fired more than 68.U00 'body of Indians, I am not acquainted witk i mg that any arm I would as soon have in my hands | rounds from my oavu shoulder, my opinion as this. My own experience has.fpfce.d me :t;o the conclusion that the breech-loading arm, pos- sesses great advantages over the muzzle- leading, for lihe reason that it can be charged and fired with much greater rapidity. in such matters is perhaps, worth mor^^ thjau,. the mei^e eujpty, praise of a sret^ii^ hand ; let any obe who wants to know what a Colt can do take my woM that for efficieny and stTeogtb of shotting nothing, can hat.it., I . .7 j,i Li*.o.j vaiji. , Sh<)t'28tlnltty£Qf April 1859, byjudout, Buak*, Bistano^ 400 yard* »Nro.R©«ittd«^ 48; No. Hits, 48; Colt's Regulation iiiiflqt>a^aoi<0pl6!s Amnrai^it%iau*;i tijoy oi uoi« '>jn ^ru\- W.H. Emory, : •*♦' J. T. Sprague, " M. Knowlton, " " Magilton, , " " Commodore, Charles Stewart U.S. N. •* Tho's. A. Jones, -** .[ •' M. C. Perry, ,^,uufM -mmn^tii .,. .r|N^ Mcintosh, .1. H. Auliok, " C. S. McCauloy, ,Y i...vFf. H. Gregory •* . , Samuel L. Breese, Joshua R. Sands, Ghas. Wilkes, j Captain David D. Porter, fj " . , J. F, Schenck, ■ •' ' W,>Iay,' C. F. Beale, ♦• C. Ringp^old, Commodore E. W M< 1 1 : 1 : . ' - ' ; ' . '• • . - ■'■ I • ' 'ill ■ V ■'' ■ ' ,t ,., , 111, For Loading and Firing.; ,'^ ' ''''' - iHt. Draw l»aefc th*- Ilaniim r to half cock, which allowv the Cylindt r to turn in one tbr Onard, and tnm the Spring from nn^rtlM Hammer. 4th. Turn out tlli) three 8Ci'ew« which fanten the (luard. to the Lo«-k Frame and remove It. nth. Turn out the «erevv, suul remove the Dcmble •Spring \> Inch bi'Uis npou the Trigger and Bolt. (Uh. Turn ont the nide ni-rtws, and romovn tlw Trigger and Bolt. 7th. Turnout the Hammi r sen w. and remove the Hummer with the Hand attached, by drawing it down want out of tlxi Lock Frame. (.;ieim an«l oil all the parts tlioroughly anil nhtore thciil to their plAi'C8 in the reverpe order of Kcparation. ;, Jj^f In ordiniury cleaning, i*«'t th.- Hammet* «♦, half-coik, Hiid I'rive 9iit the Key an far ifrt the Kcrew will allow, rt-move the Barrel ^khich may be done by tne nid of the Lev« r p|reh>ing down the Kampier upon the pnrtitionn b<'tweon the chamber« of the OyUmli-v. Wash the Cylinder arid' Barrel 'in %vnrm wnt. r. dry jind oil theui thon iigljly, oil fn^ely the Bane pin pu which the Cyiiurter revolves, then replace the pnrt!« For Cleaning Kiffes, Carbines and Shot Guns.. , Irt s. I t'ii.' Hannuer at Imlfcoek, preeiJ down t'.io Uii««f-piu Cateh w^th tin Icit hand. dr»w ,t1ir; l^t«e-piu uith tin lifiht and n-move the Cylinder. 9nd. Turn out tho Tajig and rear Guard i»^r«'>vf» and remove tht- Htock. :M. Turn out the n'l^aining Guard Bf^r^WH and remove the Onardi •Ith. Turn out the sen w, and detach the Sjiiiiig irom the .Stirrup and n hk.vc llie Main Spring,. r)th. Tuni out the Sear Spring Hcrcw I'rom the under (>'ide of the Frame tjtnd rcjnove the '.Soar Sprhig, [for .Shot Gun ami .")fi-l(H) Civlibre Arms, the Sear Spring i? attaciied lo l^e Oaard an*! n»?#d libt t»e. removed^ <)th. Turn out the Hcrew and remove tho TiipBi,'r,. ; .^^^^^ ;j, , •: '■jij;; , /I'liuJ 1 i .>ii;l 7th. Turn out the Bolt screw and reir.ove the TurnT)!**" Cap,' ' l *' " '• • .' \ mi. Turnout the Tumbler eerew, drirelhr T^timhU.tVHf.i>ym'Hm*4er.'}^mtAki^A'miM^^^ renioved. ^ ,, . . >' .A i- • *'((• ; I >4fVvut the Ke^ undrhise the I>*er till iheWreW is djipOKMe thi^'iitAe Itt the 1 i ni,. . turn out thv Hcrew, reijiove th»^.^4eve<-'«nd Ilawi^en Wfrt iltHrmwt! *i« B»rrsJ.' (iJnre;flio«MI rie-taken to n?n»nv.- the r.everbelVretun.iago^t_thelijirr.-L^, .^ .. ^,, u-.liu-iJin M.it /.'jjr. i\yr -i ' ..- . , /. > aCV x\\ For Cleaniiig^New koM Pistol: ' ' 1st. Turn otit the Screw that fibfeut* it to the Frame and remove the .Stock. 2nd. .Set the Hammer at half-eoek ; press dl)wn the Bast -plu Ciitch with the left hand and draw the Base- piu with the right and remove the Cvlinder. 3d. Turn out t'je ncrow. iriveout thePta, S(4rnip, UJittiQg^he Sprttigr<'main in th' Frame and detach thi- Miiiii Spring. ., ,,.[[ ,,,((<.il >i,;'k|f( -mIj li, ..tfll Ut-l' ,7ii(>" • 4th. Turn ont th(> senw and remove t lie Trigger. ,' . • i '. •., .•ith. Turn otrt the (;ap and B'Jt «•:< \v*An{} texnev^iTft^'Pi^hUi'GW^.''''^'^^'''^'' * . -*"^ ' "^ ' . ' (ith. Turn out tho Tumbler ^ST'^v^'n drito t!»* 'r«iipld«»r, wt o^ tl|(TiaftiTWina t|w:*«*rffil^*if/*<»ltian8 tiand caii then be detached. , . >s ' t li« J a-^- imi Im '^t. ■'> ■( tr.i m • '7th. T>ini out the Base-pin hcrcw^ And renAovetbeBjU^-pWr^H^fi. 'i- "i' "• ' " ' ,. ; i gtk (K.i»i8e the JUovjr^l f be rB|ii|inif^^ PJnl in flpppsiji' tlw hoJp in th* Fmnei'drail: fimt tttei Pin ft«.4> tll| l.e.'t side ot' the Pistp^ rt move the Ia y< r imd Ramiuer^ and tur^v out j,he Bmrd. ^ ,1! . >' ) . i j/. ,i rtl ;'1 it E;^In ordinary cleanii^g,:^fte«ye. tlie jCyJ»«de»^, ,^^:e niaiMior«leiicrib(;TJ,^tl]e »S(ock and dTy>pln a little (^J.'' ■ rf •'''•':• '• "1 .•• - f . iri' |-''i'*j cn^vih<"irtiii^fcnfr)j'ltt thi^'Htntithu^lt^iH'WpAn^lftifelnt oi''^4^ti»^B;>etwe^ tUp' N/n^iw ©n tile rear of Cylinder. i . \sv\\>'\ .• «- I 'it^'-) .Imw.^I HiT torro, COLT*S PATENT FIRE ARMS MAN'F'G, COMPANY. COLONEL SAM. COLT, President. REDUCED PRICES FOR 1860. _^ ., Henceforth the prices for Colt's Revolving ppreech, Rifles, Carbines, Shot Guns, ^ und Pistols, will be, as follows : POCKET PISTOLS. Pliited or Steel Mountiugs, Calibre 31-lOOths of an iucli, (92 Elongated or 140 Round Bullets to the pound.) Three inch Barrel, Weight 23 oz. - - Si.\: .Shots, Five Shots, Four " " " 24 07,. ---"•• Five " " " 26 oz. - - .i .* u n Si.x " " " 27 oz. - BELT PISTOLS. Army, and Navy, Medium Size, Plated or Steel Mountings, Six Shots, 7i inch Barrel, Calibre 3(;-100tha of tin inch, (50 Elongated or 86 Round Bullets to the pound.) Weight 2 lbs. 10 oz. - - - - - With an "Attachable Carbine Breech,"' plain, extra. - • - - - " " " " with Canteen, extra, - HOLSTEB PISTOL. Army, Large Size, Brass or Steel Mountings, Six Shots, 7i inch Barrel. Calibre 44-i00th8 of an inch, (32 Elongated or 48 Ronnd Bullets to the pound,) Weight 4 lbs. 2 oz. - - ...... With Plated Mountings, .'-'.' 'y . With an "Attachable Carbine Bteech," plaii|, extra, - • - . - " " " " with Canteen, extra, ... HEW MODEL POCKET PISTOL. Steel Mountings. Five Shots, 3] inch Barrel, Calibre 2l);)-l000th9 of au inch, (1-J8 Elongated or 2(K» Round Bulleta tothe pound,) Weight 1 lb. 1 oz. Ornainental En^ravinw on Pocket Pistols, extra, ..... do. do. Belt and Holster Pistols, , do. do. Attachable Carbine Breech, extra, Ivory Stock, for Pocket Pistols, extra, -...-- - . do. do. for Belt or Holster Pistols, extra, - - Powder Flasks, for Holster Pistols, each, ........ do. do. for Belt " " . do. do. for Pocket and New Model Pistols, ooich, - ■ - - - RIFLES. New Model Steel Jlountings, Six Shots, Calibre 36-100th« of an inch, (42 Elongated or 86 Round Bullets tathe pound;) Twenty-four inch Barrel. Weight 9 lbs. Twenty-seven inch Bunel, Weight 10 lbs. • Thirty inch Barrel. Weight 10 lbs. 8 oz. Same Moael,,S i X 8hot.s, Calibre 40'lOOths of an inch, (38 Elongated or 68 Round Bullets to the pound.) Twenty-four inch Barrel, Weight 8 lbs. 12 oz. Twenty-seven inch Barnl. Weight !» lbs. 12 oz. Thirty-one and 5-16 inch Barrel, (Army Pattern,) Weight 10 lbs. 4 oz. Same Model, Six Shots, Calibre 44-100'th8 of an inch, (28 Elongated or 48 Round Bul- leta to the pound.) Twenty-four inch Barrel, Weight 8 lbs. 15 oz. - Twi-nty-seveu Inch Barrel. Weight !) lbs. 2 oz. Thirty-one and 5-16 inch Barrel, (Army Pattern,) Weight i) lbs. 10 oz. Same Model, Six Shots, Calibre 50-lOUths of an inch, (20 Elongated or 34 Round Bullets to the pound ) Twenty-four inch Barrel, Weight 8 lbs. 11 oz. - 'JJwenty-seven inch Barrel. Weiglit 8 lbs. 14 oz. 'I^hirty-one and 5-16 inch Barrel, (Army Pattern,) Weigiit 9 lbs. 6 oz. - Same Model, Five 'Shots, Calibre 56-lOOthB of an indi, (14 p] Ion gated or 24 Round Bul- lets to the pound.) Twenty-four inch Barrel, Weight 8 lbs. 14 oz. - Twenty-seven inch Barrel, Weight It lbs. 11 oz. Thirtv-one and 5-16 inch Barrel, (Army Pattom,) Weight i) Iba. 15 oz. CARBINES. New Model, Rifled Barrels, 15, 18, or 21 inches long: Steel Mountings, Six Shots, Calii)re 36-lOOths of an inch, (42 Elongated or 86 Round Bullet* to the pound;) Weight 8 ll)S. 8 oz. - Six Shots, Calibre 44-10Dth8 of an inch, (28 Elongated or 48 Round Bullets to the pound;) Weight 8 lbs. 12 oz. -...-... Five Shots, Calibre .36-lOOths of an inch, (14 Elongated or 24 Round Bullets to the pound;) Weight!) lbs. 8 oz. .... ... SHOT GUN. Tw.nty-Beven ineli Barrel. Weight 8 lbs. 12. oz. Five Shots, - Patent Powder Flasks, for Carbines and Rifles, ....... Ordinary do. do. •' ' • Globe Sights, For Riflon, ..-..,. Telescope Sights, For Riflefe, - - . Bayonets, For Rifles, ........... ^aore Bayonets, For Rifles, '\- ....... Al' PiBtols, Rifles. Carbines and Sho^t Guns, are furnislied with a Bullet Mould, Screw Driver and Nipple Wcpnch free of charge. 2V l*'8tol8 are put up assorted or otlierxrise, in packages of 10, 20, and 25 each. .^Rifles, Shot Guns, and Carbinfs, are put up assorted or otherwise, Jn packages of 5, 10 and 20 tacli. "^'or snpaller quantitiea reference is made to the retail trade. r- :/ TERMS. Cash m New York Funds. K* / All Compaunieations should be addressed to ^'COLT'S PAXENT FIRE ARMS MAN'F'Q. COMPANY. , - . HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, U. S. A." **^ Dy Onh'T of the Buar| of Directors, W. M. B. HARTLEY, Sec'y. .Od 81 a.01 w {.•.u;TiE & sows, {Successors to Withington & Wilde^) DEALERS IN MUSTARD, &c., BTos. 7, 9 and 11 Dutch Street, (between JOHN AND FULTON STREETS,) IMILLS, WILLIAMSBURGH, LONG ISLAND. Established 1829. Goods sold at lowest market prices, and shipped free of charge. 56 s c CO N n c c V E n I ri G A hR SPACE BOYNTON'S IMPROVED Self-Clearing, Self -Packing, Gas-Tight and Ventilating 3xr PATENTED AUGUST 22, 1854. Four Sizes-Nos. 8, 9, 10, 11. ADAPTED TO ALL CLASSES OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BUILDINGS. The above Furnace has now been thoroughly tested for the last fire years In nearly all parts of the United States and British Provinces, and is now admitted to be unrivalled in point of power, durability, economy, simplicity, and all those qualities so essential in a Hot Air Furnace. The provision made in this Furnace for the self-clearing of the radiator, and the self-packing of the joints, are two very strong points in its favor, above every otiier Furnace in the market. Another very important feature of this Furnace is found in the small number of joints, their position, and the manner of their construction. By referring to the above cut, it will be seen the only joints are those where the radiator connects with the body, and the body with the pot, and these are so far below the top of the radiator as to be free from pressure. These joints are packed inside and out, and are made perfectly gas-tight The form of these castings is such, that they are not in the least liable to crack ; and they are made thicker than any Furnace in the market. It is also very low, which is another great recom- mendation for it, especially when set in low cellars. This Furnace is well adapted to the use of Bituminous Coal, and has been successfully introduced at the West the past three years. We are prepared to fill orders for them at short notice. RIC^ABDSON, BOYNTON & CO., 360 Canat Street, A few doora east of Broadway, Ke%D- York. Descriptive Circulars sent by maiL TIFFANY & CO., wVe. S50 Broadway^ JVew^J^ork, AND Hue Hichelieu, JVo. 79, Paris^ In calling attention to their stock, beg to present to the notice of their friends and the public the following facts : That their importations and manufactures in Gold and Silver comprise a more extensive variety than any other house in the same line — that their foreign connections, of which their Paris house is the focal centre, gives them extraordinary facilities for the selection of their general stock and the execution of special ordcrs^that it is their determination^ as it is their interest^ to make reasonable charges as prominent a feature of their establishment as the beauty and variety of their stock. DIAMONDS, And other Precions Stones, 0. Frodsham's, Tooper's, Jules Jurgenscn's and Patek Phillippe & Co.'s WATCHES. CLOCKS, BRONZES, ARTISTIC GAS FIXTURES, DESKS, DRESS- ING-CASES, WORK BOXES, JEWEL BOXES, FANS, RICH PORCELAIN, AND MANY OTHER ARTICLES OF ART AND LUXURY. Every article is marked in plain figures the lowest price at which it will be sold. T. k Co. cordially extend to strangers, as well as the 4*esident public, an invitation to inspect their stock, assuring them that a call will incur not the least obligation to purchase. 13^ m ?noNAtr .a;i SCALES, •-' !:";t!il>, '*0s! i # ' ;1 II- . r I -^,psaBa^-