THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES // NOTES ON nil' CHURCHES OF KENT. BY Till: LATE SIR STEPHEN R GLYNNE, Bart. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS LONDON : JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. L877. [Tic Right lot d.] LONDON BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS. • HP) PREFACE. The Notes on 312 Churches in Kent which arc con- tained in this volume, form part of a scries embracing the whole of England and Wales. This series, it musi be premised, deals only with the old parish churches of the country dating anterior to the Restoration ; though the author's acquaintance with churches in general ex- tended with almost equal minuteness to a vast number both at home and abroad beyond this limit. The survey which it embodies, comprises upwards of 5,530 churches, and was spread over the whole of Sir Stephen Glynne's life. The precise date of its com- mencement does nut appear ; but in his early youth the forms of churches specially attracted his attention, and Ecclesiology soon became his chief pursuit. The Kentish Notes were commenced in L829, and a con- siderable portion of the work was done prior to L840, including all those descriptions to which no date is d: the remainder was carried on year by year without intermission, a certain number of weeks or f it S/iLt jx ,*-> iv Preface. months being regularly devoted to it, until 1874, when death overtook the author at the age of 66, while actually engaged in his long-matured undertaking. Neither is it known whether Sir Stephen Glynne intended to publish his Notes ; but, inasmuch as they were left in so finished a state as to make publication possible, his relations have not hesitated to embark, at any rate by way of experiment, upon that enterprise. Such a publication, containing so vast an amount of first-hand information, would seem to be not only a worthy monument of his life and labours, but a work of deep historical interest, — an interest much enhanced by the fact that the constant process of rebuilding and restoration of churches must often vary, if it does not sometimes efface, the old and original features, which it was Sir Stephen Glynne' s chief aim to trace out and record. The labour of accumulating such a mass of details as are here given may be readily conceived ; but it was, in the truest sense, a labour of love, and the very act of exploring the country to its furthest recesses, and acquiring all sorts of local information by the way, was a process thoroughly congenial to the author. It mattered little to what extent successive modifications had interfered with the original design of the church Preface. v under examination ; Sir Stephen Glynne would at once, as if by instinct, read its architectural history, and a very short time usually sufficed for the jotting down of brief memoranda respecting the fabric and its appurtenances, to he afterwards drawn up into the full but compendious term in which they are here presented. And herein he would rely almost wholly on his own knowledge and observation, the aid of the Incumbent being rarely invoked or required. This is hardly the place to speak of Sir Stephen GHynne's personal qualities, — of that rare simplicity and fidelity of character which endeared him to a wide circle of friends. But it may be observed that the calm temper and judgment which distinguished him in all matters of daily life, was of no little value in dealing with vexed questions of archaeology, and must ueeds give weight to his conclusions thereon. He was, moreover, one of the most accurate of observers. Hi- d.t. tils have never been questioned, and have always been highly valued by the most competent judges. Bis memory, too, was marvellous. The details of the •30 churches lie lias described were not merely com- mitted to paper, but were continually carried in his bead, bo that lc could at any moment give off-hand a clear and accurate account of any one of them; and amid vi Preface. a miscellaneous company he would often be able to tell them more about their own churches than they knew themselves. Yet his knowledge extended far beyond the limits of his favourite subject ; and on all matters of topography, county and personal history, and such like, he was a well-nigh infallible guide. These pursuits, it should be added, attractive as they were, were never permitted to interfere with the sedulous discharge of duties belonging to him at home as magistrate and Lord- Lieutenant, and left ample room for frequent exchanges of hospitality, and for other occupations agreeable to his refined taste, and to the tenour of a well-ordered and exemplary life. It now only remains to tender very grateful thanks to the Yen. Archdeacon Harrison for the interest and trouble which he, in conjunction with the Eev. Canon Scott Eobertson, Honorary Secretary to the Kent Archaeological Society, has taken in preparing this volume for the press. Certain supplementary notes have been appended by them, chiefly descriptive of recent alterations. The illustrations have also been inserted by their care. W. H. G. Oct., 1-77. INDEX OF CONTENTS. ♦ PAGE ACB tin 2o6 3HAM— Holy Iir 244 Aldington— St Martin ALKHAJ Mili.oiiy no lington St I. iwn nee S23 API and St. Paul 266 ASB LNDWICH)— St. Nicholas [27 Ash (jttxta Wbotham) St Peter and St. Paul 249 Ash FORD— St. Mary 70 Abhubst St. Ayi — St. Peter 827 3MEBE— St I. i.ird Bapcheld — St. Lawrence 11 ■—St. Mary 42 I [AH— St John 129 Barmtj trgarel .291 Beakj —St. Peter 2o Be lbsted Boly Cj si I • i;< kenham— St Ge 270 — Si. Margaret 22-1 169 149 Bid 2 -All Saints 221 . Peter and St. Paul 2 :;:; i [90 nwald Bobd aul 164 Boi 'ii ros Aluph All Il'I . 143 viii Index of Contents. PAGE Boughton Monchelsea— St, Peter 248 Botjghton-under-Blean— St. Peter and St. Paul 235 BOXLEY— All Saints 251 Brabourne — St. Mary . 53 Brasted— St. Martin 234 Bredgar— St. John 161 Brenchley — All Saints 324 Brenzett — St. Eanswith 252 Bridge— St. Peter . 131 Bromley— St. Peter and St. Paul 271 Brookland — St. Augustine 263 Buckland (by Dover) — St. Andrew 97 Byrling— All Saints 294 Canterbury — Holy Cross Church (West gate) 18 St. Peter's Church 18 St. Margaret's Church 19 St. Mildred's Church 19 St. George's Church 20 St. Mary Magdalen's Church (Burgate) 21 St. Dunstan's Church (without the Westgate) 21 The Cathedral Church 23 St. Mary Bredin Church 181 St. Mary's Church, Northgate 182 St. Alphage's Church .... 182 St, Martin's Church 183 St. Paul's Church 134 Capel le Ferne — St. Mary 50 Capel— St. Thomas a Becket 186 Chalk— St, Mary 313 Challock — St. Cosmus and St. Damian 232 Charixg— St. Peter and St. Paul 157 Chart Parva— St, Mary 15G Chartham— St, Mary 225 Chatham— St, Mary 345 \ Langdon— St Augustine 'J8 Bast Mali.ink — St James 153 BAST PECKS Michael 299 BASTBY— St Mary 10-1 WELL— St. Mary 233 Edenbbidge— St Peter and St Paul 32-i Bgeeton— St James 156 Ki.iiam— St. Mary 95 BLMSTEAD — St .lames 260 ElMSTONE — St 242 l.i.i i! a ihn the Bapti 273 John • . . . .344 Swell— St Mary ana St Peter 139 3t Martin 304 iobne Bt Petej and St Paul 246 I lblbioh, . and Wbst. gh — St Giles 803 I \i:mm;iia.m — St Peter and St Paul B06 Paveesham Bt Mary of « harity 13 . Mary and with 61 x Index of Contents. PAGE Foot's Cray- All Saints 320 FOEDWICH— St. Mary 27 Fbindsbuey — All Sail 385 Frtnstead — St. Dunstan 162 Gillingham— St. Mary 120 GODMBBSHAM— St. Lawrence 122 GoUDHURST— St. Mary 286 Great Chart 69 iubridge — St. John 181 Guston — St. Martin 45 Uadlow— St. Mary 145 Hallixg — St. John 338 Ham— St. George 147 Harbledown — St. Michael 169 Hardres, see Upper. Harrietsham — St. John the Baptist 89 Hartley— All Saints 2'.') IIartlip— St. Michael 17:; IIawkhurst — St. Lawrence 79 Hawkinge— St. Michael Ill Headcorn— St. Peter and St. Paul 113 Herne— St. Martin 28 Hernhill — St. Michael 238 Hever— St. Peter 326 HlGHAM— St. Mary 342 High Halden— St. Mary 22;} I-Iinxhill— St. Mary 159 Hoath — St. Mary 30 Hollingbourne— All Saints 83 Hoo — St. Werburgh :."/i Horsmonden— St. Margaret 284 Horton Chapel, in Chartham 227 HORTON Kirby— St. Mary 27.". Hougham— St. Lawrence M2 Hucking— St. Margaret 167 IIvtiie— St. Leonard ... GO Ifield— St. Margaiv( ;■}; Ightham— St. Peter ... 296 feLE. of Grain— St. James 202 Tvychurch— St. George 262 [wade— All Saints . 192 EENNARDINGTON — St. Mary .... . . . 2! ! / Com its. xi PAGE • [NGTON— St Mary 7:! ■ -St 273 Kin el 217 Kin St. Giles 130 Knowlton — St. Clement 186 Lakberhttsst— St. Mary 2 I. AN 112 - SI 151 Lenham— St, Mary 76 5t. 230 Paul 154 l.i' 76 LlTTLEBOUBK E — St Vil 167 . rir.i.n - St Mary 310 All Sail 160 LUDDENHAM - ry 195 Luddbsdown— St Peter and St Paul 341 LXTLLrNQSTONE— St. Botolph 146 J.-. i»d — All Saints 6 I L.YDDKN 13S Lymin Mary and St Eadbni 'X\ St S iphen 239 Lynstead— St ad St Paul I Mai -All Saints' 1 Mai. i. IN^ . 'ni WEST . Ma: -liacl Mai t. John's in Thanet iPHAM— St John the Baptisi 276 \".i— St. John Baptist 67 MlLSTEAD id Boly Cross 163 Milton, ju 184 Gravi - and St. Paul .... 327 Mi. Bi Iy [Trinity 7 : i ■ -'.i . : , . Mary and St. Bexl .... L36 32 Moi 231 M.ui in 102 Mary . .".I 10 I I xii Index of Contents. FACE Newchtjrch — St. Peter and St. Paul 206 Newenden — St. Peter 219 Newington (by Hythe)— St. Nicholas 92 Newington (by Sittingbourne) — St. Mary 6 Newnham — St. Peter and St. Paul 197 New Romney — St. Nicholas . . . 63 Nonington — St. Mary 187 Northbourne — St. Augustine 103 Noethpleet — St. Botolph 311 Norton— St. Mary 195 Ntjrstead— St. Mildred 342 Oare— St. Peter 194 Offham— St. Michael 293 Old Romney — St. Clement 268 Orleston— St. Mary 21 6 Orpington— All Saints 151 Ospringe — St. Peter and St. Paul . . . ... . . .13 Otford — St. Bartholomew 303 Otham — St. Nicholas 85 Padlesworth— St. Oswald 257 Patricksbourne— St. Mary 26 Peckham, see East and West. Pembury — St. Peter 185 Penshurst— St. John 281 Pluckley . 115 Preston (by Wingham) — St. Mildred 243 Preston (by Faversham)— St. Catherine 16 POSTLING— St. Mary and St. Eadegund 52 Queenborough— Holy Trinity 179 Eainham— St. Margaret 172 Ridley — St. Peter 249 Eingwould — St. Nicholas 9red wii I and knowledge ! ite vii ai peny; whitewash, of course, removed, &c.—H. The Churches of Kent. distance from any houses upon a ridge of hill looking over a beautiful woody valley ; the north side of the churchyard com- mands a fine view over the river Thames, and there is a fine yew tree in the churchyard. NEWINGTON. /^7 * ' iP4 ' X ** <* ST. MARY. This church is principally Curvilinear of very good character, with a Rectilinear tower of lofty proportions, embattled, and with an octagonal turret on the south. The west doorway has plain mouldings and shafts, and over it is a two-light window; there are several tiers of small square windows on the south side, and the belfry has windows of two lights. The walls of the church are principally of flint ; the south side of the nave is embattled, but not the other parts. The windows of the south aisle of the nave are fine Curvilinear of two and three lights, with ogee heads having finials. The other windows of the nave and chancel are also Curvilinear and very good, except one in the north chancel, which is an Early English lancet. The nave has an aisle on each side, and the chancel one on the south ; the nave is wide, but without a clerestory, and divided from each aisle by four pointed arches with octagonal piers, the whole of which, together with the walls, are completely covered with glaring whitewash.* The chancel is divided from its south aisle by two plain pointed arches of Early English character — the pier square, having at each angle shafts set in a hollow with foliated capitals, the foliage being continued along the whole pier. Eastward of these is a third smaller arch in the wall opening to the south aisle. On the north side is a small doorway opening to a vestry which has Early English lancet windows. Within the arches of the chancel is some very fine wood screen- work, apparently of * Beneath the whitewash some effective wall-painting has been discovered around the north doorway. — 11. Milton. Curvilinear period, and there is a rich Rectilinear wood screen between the south chancel and the south aisle of the nave. In the south chancel are the door and steps to the rood-loft. Be- neath the east window of the south chancel are the remains of an ancient altar, near which is a good niche with crocheted ogee canopy trefoiled, and a piscina with a shelf. The beams of the roof in the south chancel are richly carved with very hold foliage. There is also a pew with some handsome wood carving, temp. dames I., and an altar tomb, the sides of which are enriched with trefoil arch 3, The font is a plain octagon, hut has a large wood cover * of the age of Elizabeth, in which the Gothic and Italian forms are mixed; hut the effect is handsome. The eastern pier on the north side of the nave has a singular octagonal projection, upon which is a Rectilinear niche. f There are six bells. The churchyard is surrounded by orchards, with a line bank of wood on the north side, forming a very phasing picturesque scene. MILTON (next Sittingboume). HOLY TRINITY. This church stands at some distance from the town and overlooks the channel of the Thames. The north side of the churchyard is planted with extremely line trees, having a very line effect. The church itself is principally Curvilinear, with portions of later date — the greater part is of plain Hint, work with rough Btone intermixed; the church consists of a wide and lofty nave ami chancel, each with a south aisle. The south chancel belonged to the Nbrthwoods and is of greater pretension than the principal One, having two sedilia. At the west end is a plain square tower of unusually large dimensions, with a turret ■ 1 '• buffet " cover similar to thai in Ticehurat Church; itcannol be ■ I. I oil three "i ii 'in a door which opens outwards upon hinges. !.'. t This church contains foui monumental brasses, and 1 a remarkable bandi ■! with iron. I;. The Churches of Kent. at the north-east angle, a Curvilinear window on the west side, and small single windows in tiers above it ; on the west side is also a doorway of good Curvilinear character, having deep mouldings and shafts, and surmounted by a triangular canopy, the intermediate space being filled with pierced tracery. There is a plain south porch. The nave is particularly wide and lofty, and the interior of grand proportions, though without a clerestory. The south aisle has Curvilinear windows of two lights, and at the west end one of three. On the north of the nave they are square-headed, Rectilinear, and of two lights with transoms. The nave is divided from the aisle by three large pointed arches with octagonal piers. There is no chancel arch from the nave ; and the chancel is divided from its south aisle by two pointed arches with pillars more slender than those of the nave. The south chancel is loftier than the aisle of the nave, and has externally some neat flint work. The east window of the chancel is a fine large one of five lights, appa- rently of early Curvilinear work, and south of the altar is a feathered niche with ogee head and drain ; there is also in the chancel the brass of a knight ; on the north side is a vestry with small Rectilinear windows. The south chancel has an east window with ogee head having a finial — the tracery has been modernised ; in this aisle are two stalls ascending east- ward, the heads ogee and feathered, and springing from shafts of Purbeck marble with bell capitals. Eastward of these is a small niche and drain of similar character. There is likewise a slab with a cross flory, and a turret with staircase and door opening formerly into the rood-loft. In the wall is a brass plate to the memory of "Thomas Alefe and Margaret his wyfe," 1529. The font is a plain octagon. The whole interior is kept very neat, and the whitewash has been taken off some of the ornamental portions.* There are no galleries ; the pulpit is made to look very gaudy with gilding. The tower contains five bells. * The chancel has been restored, and also the south chancel, with the tracery of its easl window restored. — II. Sittingbourne. SITTINGBOURNE. ST. MICHAEL. This church is built of Hint and stone, and consists o\' a as with Bide aisles, north and south transepts, and a chancel with a >outh chapel. The tower at the west end is embattled, with .1 corner turret, and has a Lancet window on the west side, and a belfry window of two lights, of later date. The aave lias 1.0 clerestory, and its side aisles are embattled, hut not the chancel. The south porch is of two stages, and has a stone groined ceiling. Many of the windows have been deprived of their tracery,* but the south transept has one very large Rectilinear one of the Lights, with a transom, and in tin- south chancel is a line one of three Lights of early Curvilinear character, with shafts having foliated capitals; in the same part is also a but;. charged with a tine niche having a crocheted triangular canopy. The two east windows have lost their tracery. The interior is neat and well kept. The nave is divided from each aisle by three pointed arches, the piers alternately circular and octagonal. The north transept or chapel opens to the chancel by two Early English arches, the pillar circular, with the capital richly moulded; upon this pillar is a trefoil niche. E stward of this north chapel is the vestry, having square bilinear windows, and divided from the chancel by two very elegant pointed arches I with deep architrave mouldings, within which is a plain stone screen + containing a beautiful door of Curvilinear character, set in a square compartment, with line mouldings and quatrefoils in the spandrels. The chancel is * In !!.'• windows on the south side, and at the east end of the church, the I, the «■ dlery removed, ami the tower tied, the Bquare 1 taken away, the nave fitted op with open and the 1 I chorally, tb< being placed on the north side oi II. t 1 mply a mural arcade ; in the middle "f each arch an original : win. low ha- b d.— R. i 11. bul iIm- outer wall of the Early English chanct which tl .\.i a 1. Idi1 ion. K. io The Churches of Kent. divided from its south aisle by two lofty Early English arches, with a central octagonal pier, having a detached shaft set on two opposite faces. Within these arches is a plain stone screen. A third arch of plainer character opens to the south transept, spring- ing from moulded corbels of bell-form. In the north chancel beneath a window is a tomb under a flat arch, consisting of two compartments divided by a kind of shelf; in the lower is the effigy of a female, and the arch has in the mouldings a band of square flowers. The font is octagonal. On the alternate faces are shields and square bands of foliage, much varied ; among them are oak leaves and acorns, and the shields are mostly charged with armorial bearings.* There is a gallery at the west end containing a good small organ played with keys. MUKSTON. ALL SAINTS". This is a small church, consisting of a nave and chancel, with small side aisles, with a wooden turret over the west end of the nave.t There are lancet windows at the west end of each aisle, (one is trefoiled,) and a Rectilinear window west of the nave. There are no side windows to the aisles, but on the north side is a doorway with a " shouldered " arch. The interior is gloomy, and the nave divided from each aisle by two pointed arches, those on the south Early English, with a circular pier having a square Norman capital. On the north are two pointed arches with an octagonal pier. The chancel has on each side two Early English arches, with pillars like that south of the nave. There are two windows at the east end of four lights with Rectilinear tracery. The chancel aisles are higher and wider than those of * Those of Archbishop Arundel occupy one shield ; others bear instruments of our Lord's l'a-sion. — R. + Mui-ston Church has been rebuilt on a more central site. The arches of the old church have been worked into the new. — H. B ape hi Id. 1 1 the nave. There is a pointed doorway on the south Bide, and a little wood Bcreen work in the north chancel.* The font is attached to the wall west of the arches on the south oi the nave, and is a plain Bqnare mass. The chnrch commands a view over the channel of the Thames and the marsh between. BAPCHILD. ST. LAWRENCE. This church is built of flints, and consists of a nave and chancel each with a north aisle ; with a tower standing on the south side of the nave, 1 surmounted by a shingled spire. The tower is plain, and has small Early English lancets. The nave is divided from the aisle by four low semicircular arches, with mi architrave mouldings; the pillars massive and octagonal, with square Norman capitals. The aisle of the nave is very Low. That of the chancel is much loftier and wider, and is divided from the chancel by two Early English arches with a circular pillar. In the nave the windows are mostly square- headed, and of Rectilinear character ; but one on the south side la ii> -i t with an obtuse head. The chancel has three lancet windows on the smith side; and the chancel and its aisle have each at the east end a Rectilinear window, of three and four lights. In the cast wall of the chancel, on each side of the Rectilinear window, are two Norman windows stopped up. In the north chancel are two Early English niches with a circular shaft.* The north chancel is said to have belonged to the Sinclairs, and the windows contain a few fragments of stained . 1 Within which was a monumental bra to John Eveas, who died in 1488, and to Mildred his wife. Thi till remains in thai fragment of the ancient church, which is osed a- a mortuary chapel since the re-building of the church K. f At tl S. ning the graceful canopy Early Engli '< pi cina, wrought in the end of the chancel arcade. Upon the aorth wall of i 2 The Churches of Kent. EODMESSHAM. ST. NICHOLAS. This church is principally Rectilinear, with several windows of Curvilinear work, the nave has side aisles, and the chancel a south chapel with a high tiled roof ; part of the nave has an embattled parapet ; and at the east end of the north aisle is an octagonal turret. The tower is of flint and stone, embattled, with an octagonal corner turret ; the belfry windows are square-headed, and on the west side is a Curvilinear window of two lights. The south porch is plain, but contains a stoup. The west window of the north aisle is Curvilinear, of two lights. Some other windows are Curvilinear, but most are Rectilinear. The east window appears to be of the former character. The nave has three pointed arches on each side with octagonal pillars. The chancel contains the ancient wood desks and seats, and also a fine wood screen dividing it from the south chapel. In continuation of which, south of the altar, are three seats in wood, with elegant canopies and a cornice of Tudor flower. It is very rare that instances of wooden stalls south of the altar are to be found. The south chancel is enclosed by a wood screen, and has two plain niches of Early English character, with a central circular shaft having a foliated capital and abacus. On each side of the east window is the pedestal of a niche. The font is octagonal upon a square base. Many of the windows contain portions of rich stained glass. The tower has four bells.* The churchyard is beautifully surrounded by orchards. the chancel aisle is a pretty arcade of mural arches Early English, and a string course ornamented with the five-leafed flower. A carved wall-plate of very early character remains in the north-west corner of the chance] roof. R. * The church is about to undergo a careful restoration and rearrangement of the interior, with open seats. 1876. — II. Ospringe. i -i OSPEIWGE. ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL. The external appearance of this church is much injured from tlir tower having been destroyed.* It is, however, a tolerably 1 structure of flints, and lias much Early English work ; consisting of a nave with aisles, a south transept, and a chancel. There are lancet windows at the west end of the north aisle, and in the chancel, which last are stopped. On the north side of the nave they are mostly Rectilinear, in the south transept they are Curvilinear, one of which of two lights has an ogee head with a tinial. There is also a square one of three lights. The east window is early Curvilinear of three trefoiled lights; there is ■ a trefoil head window in the gable of the south transept. The north porch of the nave has an Early English door, with lozenge moulding on the imposts. There is a Norman doorway \ on the north of the chancel with the chevron and roller mould- ing; and the string above it has billet ornament. The south aisle is embattled : and there is an octagonal turret on the south side near the rood-loft. The nave is divided from each aisle by plain Early English arches with square piers. The transept opens to the chancel by two pointed arches with a -plain pier. There is an organ at the west end. FAVEItSITAM. ST. MART OF CHARITY. This is a very Bpacious church, hut has been much altered and he • d.; The plan comprises a na\e with aisles, large * .\ en erected. I.'. + There i- a larger Norman doorway in the oorth aisle of tin 1 nave.— R. + A del nt <.f tlii- church, in regard, particularly, to the work which has been done in "re-seating, re-arranging, partially restoring, and rally improving the interior, the exterior having been recascd with flinl a ■ ii in tin "Canterbury Diocesan Church Calendar," 1-7'. II. 14 The Churches of Kent. transepts, also with side aisles, a chancel with a chapel on each side. At the west end of the nave is a modern tower of light- coloured brick with stone corners, surmounted by a light and airy stone spire supported on flying buttresses, in imitation of that of St. Dunstan in the East, London. The effect is light and good, but neither the design nor the execution will bear criticism. The clerestory of the nave has been rebuilt in brick, and the parapets are plain. At the west end within the tower is a good Curvilinear doorway with mouldings and clustered shafts. On the north and south of the tower terminating each aisle is an apartment ; that on the south side is now used as a school, and beneath it is a crypt of very early English work with pointed arches and circular pillars. On the north side is a square apartment with lancet windows, supposed by some to have been a gaol, but more probably the depository of the altar vessels, vestments, &c. ; above it is an apartment said to have been formerly occupied by the sexton. The original walls of the church are of flint and stone ; the windows in the north aisle Curvilinear of two lights, in the south Rectilinear. In the transepts are some of both characters. At the end of the south transept is a very fine Curvilinear one of five lights, and those on its west side have ogee heads externally, but all the transept windows in each style are of good character. The chancel is tiled ; several of its windows were Curvilinear of two lights, but now mutilated. The east window of five lights has also been much spoiled.* There is a porch south of the nave, having a stone groined ceiling, and near it a circular turret. The interior is spacious, light, and handsome, though the original arches and pillars of the nave have been destroyed and * The tracery of these windows has been, of course, restored ; the exterior of the windows in the clerestory of the nave has been conformed to the architec- ture (if the church, the pews replaced by open seats, and the western gallery taken down. " In an ecclesiastical sense, the works in the nave and transepts were of an interesting character, from the various discoveries that were made." For particulars, sec " Dioc. Calendar." shji. cit. — H. Faversham. 1 5 replaced by Tuscan columns, ami the clerestory is entirely modern.* Tbo pews arc very handsome and uniform, and at the west end is a neat gallery containing a good organ. The trans. have each of them Bide aisles, and a double row of three arches with pillars alternately circular ami octagonal. 'Hie middle aisle of the nave is paved with marble. The chancel opens t<> each chapel by a wide pointed arch, with mouldings carried down to the ground. Several of the ancient wood stalls remain, and have tine carving about them. On the north side is a v< Btry of Rectilinear character, having small square-headed windows, and a wood roof. Within the vestry is a very line and curious ancient wood idlest, with singular carving apparently of Curvi- linear work. The altar screen + is of woodwork, and is a pretty good imitation of Gothic work; the altar itself is a marble slab supported on iron work. On the north side of the chanced is a tine Rectilinear altar tomb, panelled, with shields charged with armorial bearings, anion-- which is seen the chevron between three trefoils ; the canopy is very rich, with three ogee arches, having crockets and linials ; the spandrels have beautiful pierced panel- ling, and there is a cornice of Tudor {lower, the buttresses terminated by crocheted pinnacles. In the south chancel in the wall is a rich feathered arch, which had a crocketed triangular canopy, now destroyed, and supported on slender shafts, with foliated capitals. Within is a Blab in shape of a coffin, and the arch is Hanked by crocketed pinnacles. In the centre of the chancel is a line large brass of William Thornbury, vicar of Faversham, who died soon after 1480. * hi 1861, "M the removal of ••many repeated coats ol whitewash," Borne i .I paintings were discovered in Bt. Thomas's Chapel, in the north aisle, b are described and figured in a paper by Mr. Williment, in •• Archseo • •!. i., pp. 150 '■'<■ More recently, "a painting, representing the nun': ■. ha- been di I upon the north wall of thai chapel. In pi an octagonal pillar, in the eastern arcade, is < ipletely with paintin E incidents in the life of the Virgin Mary." 1 antiana," vol. i.\. p. lxi.- 1 1, t Th ccd by a stone rercdos, when the church was n stored, I;. 1 6 The Churches of Kent There is also a smaller one to another vicar, John Redborne, 1531. In the south transept is a large and fine brass to Henry Hatche, merchant and jurat of Faversham, whose figure, with that of his wife, is represented beneath a rich screen, with the following inscription, partly concealed by a pew : " Under this stone lyeth buryed the body of henry hatche merchant of the ffyve ports whyche was durying his lyffe a greate benefactor to this Churche yere of our lorde god M.CCCCCXXXIII and also lyeth the body of Johan the wyfe of the sayde H. H., whych Johan departyd the day of in the yere of our lord god MCCCCC on whose soules Jesu Lave mcy. Amen." There is also a monument of John Castlock, late jurat and mayor, who died 1613, and Alice his wife, with some lines inscribed, and several other brasses and monuments, chiefly to merchants and members of the corporation.* The ancient tower stood at the intersection of the nave and transepts. The alterations in the nave were made in 1755, at the expense of £'2500 ; the tower and spire are more recent. The length of the church is 160 feet by 65. The transept 124 feet. PRESTON. ST. CATHERINE. This village adjoins the town of Faversham so closely as to form a part of it. The church is a low building, but very interesting, and principally of good Early English work. The walls are wholly of flints, and the roof tiled. The plan consists of a nave, with south aisle, f a chancel, and a very * At the time the church was under restoration, "a number of brasses were found in different parts of the church, though, unfortunately, none of them are quite pci feel. Some of the inscriptions they bear are not to be found in any history of the town, nor in Weever. . . . They have all been preserved, and refixed in the church." " Dioc. Calendar." — II. f The church has since been restored, and a north aisle has been added to the nave. I!. Preston by Faversham. 17 low tower on the south side of the cast end of the nave. The tower scarcely rises above the roof of the nave, has a plain un- finished top, belfry windows single lancets, and another lancet in the lower part on the west side, with a rectangular label over it. The nave has on the south side three Curvilinear windows of two lights, and on the north some lancets and one square Rectilinear one. The west window is likewise Recti- linear. The nave opens to its side aisle by two large dissimilar pointed arches, with no mouldings, one lofty, and the other wide and low; the pier between the two arches is very massive and square, and there is a thick wall between the western arch and the wesi wall. The chancel arch springs from corbel heads. The chancel has on the north side five lancets, some walled up, the arch mouldings deep and fine, and supported upon shafts : on the same side is inserted one Curvilinear window. On the south arc three lancets, and one two-light Curvilinear window, a string runs beneath the windows, and on the north side is an ogee arch in the wall deeply moulded, with a finial. On the south of the altar are three stone stalls of extreme richness, but much mutilated.* the hack part being entirely diapered with flowers carved in diamond compartments, the canopies and feathering are Uy mutilated, but at each extremity is a shaft with very rich capital of foliage, of < 'unilinear character. A.bove runs a hollow hand, filled with heads and pieces of foliage. There are traces of painting and gilding ; and eastward of the stalls is an elegant niche, feathered and crocketed, with a piscina, and small shafts with foliated capitals. Bet against buttresses which are enriched with bands of Bquare flower, and crowned by pinnacles. In the chancel is a slali with a brass to the memory of Valentine Baret, and Cicely his wife. Me died iii 1110, she in 1442, both figures in very perfect condition ; also one to "William M • the figure in armour and iii fine preservation, with Dean ami Chapter of Canterbury, the impro] \ -II. 1 8 The Churches of Kent. a sword and spurs, but no helmet : from his mouth proceeds a scroll inscribed in black letter " Misericordias dni in eternum cantabo," and beneath his feet, "Hie jacet Willms Mareys qu5da honorad Armiger regis henrici V d ac deinde Armiger revendi in xpo patris ac dni dni henrici * Cardinalis Anglie q quidem Willms obiit ultimo die mes s Augusti A Dni M°CCCC° //> cui s aie " &c. &c. There is on the north side a sumptuous altar tomb of marble to Eoger Boyle and his wife Joan, erected by their son Richard Boyle, first earl of Cork ; with figures of others of the family. There is a good deal of wood screen work, and some fine carved desks. The font is square, upon a cylindrical base surrounded by four round shafts. CANTERBURY. HOLY CROSS CHURCH (Westgate). This church f is built of flints, and is a plain structure of the two later styles, consisting of a nave and aisles, a chancel and a square embattled tower at the west end of the south aisle, containing five bells : the windows are mostly Curvilinear, some with flat arches. The chancel has square-headed Rectilinear windows. The nave has on each side four pointed arches with octagonal pillars. The font is a plain octagon, upon a shaft of the same form : the cover is of rich wood tabernacle work. At the west end is a good organ. I ' ST. PETER'S CHURCH. This church consists of three equal aisles ; the centre one being divided from each of the others by a row of four plain pointed arches with no mouldings, and square piers entirely * Henry Beaufort.— H. f Built by Archbishop Sudbury, circa 1380. — It, J This church has been thoroughly repaired, restored, and rearranged ; the tower, more recently, has been rebuilt. A new organ has been placed in the south aisle. — H. Canterbury. 19 plain. At the west end of the south aisle is the tower open- ing by a low pointed arch. Most of the windows have heen modernised, hut the western one is Rectilinear, and one on the north is Curvilinear, with square head, and filled with good stained glass. On the north side of the altar is a feathered ogee niche ; there is also on the sonth side an opening into the aisle. The font is square and plain. ST MARGARET'S CHURCH. This church is deformed in its plan and utterly devoid of any architectural beauty.* It consists of three aisles with no chancel, and a plain embattled tower at the west end of the south aisle. The east wall is not in a straight line, but expands upon the south side.t The windows are partly Recti- linear, hut many barbarously altered and modernised. The interior is sully wanting in symmetry; the tower occupies the it end of the south aisle, and beyond it are two ill-formed wide pointed arches with octagonal pillars. On the north are four arclns of different proportions with octagonal pillars. A neat organ has been erected on the south side. The font is octagonal, cased in wood : the shaft has at each angle small Early English columns. ST. MILDRED'S CHURCH. This is perhaps the best parish church in Canterbury : it jistfl of B nave and chancel, each with north aisle, and a tow. ■ inding between the two north aisles. J The chancel also a chapel on tbe soutb side. Most parts are built of flints, the tower plain and rude. <>n the soutb side of the nave are some good and ligbt Curvilinear windows, with flat beads and • Much alteration h inently taken place in 8t, Margaret. t The deformity d by one corner at the south chancel aisle having been lied "IT !■. widen et, has been Bkilfully dealt with by sir <;. Oilberl tting back the easl wall "f thai aisle and an apse to the main chancel. II. I ken down n. ••II. 20 The Churches of Kent. labels : on the north side are two plain lancets. The west window is Rectilinear, of three lights ; as are the three eastern windows, the central one being of five lights with good tracery. The south chancel has some rude chequered flint work, with a cross worked in the west gable. The nave is divided from the aisle by two pointed arches, with an octagonal pillar. The tower opens to the chancel by a similar arch ; as also does the north chancel. The chancel opens to its south chancel (which belonged to the Atwoods, formerly resident in Stour Street, and eminent in the corporation) by a large Tudor arch now walled up. The chapel now is used as a lumber room.* Between the nave and chancel is seen an aperture for the rood-loft. Over the east end of the nave is a wooden ceiling, coved and painted blue. North of the chancel is a Rectilinear vestry. Upon one pier of the nave is a niche and bracket. The font is an octagonal one, panelled with quatrefoils upon a pedestal. There are several handsome modern monuments, and a good organ has been erected in the west gallery. The churchyard commands a very pleasing view, and is surrounded by the ancient walls of the city.f ST. GEORGE'S CHURCH. This church consists of a nave and a north aisle, and at the west end a square embattled tower surmounted by a very small leaden spire. + Some of the windows are Curvilinear, with square heads ; others are Rectilinear, of which the south ones are good. The tower-arch springs from circular shafts, and the nave is divided from the aisle by five pointed arches, with some early piers — one square and one circular, with a Norman capital : the eastern pier is lighter and octagonal. The font is a very good * The church has been well restored and re-seated within, and a new organ placed on the north side of the choir. — H. f Early Tudor carving adorns the north door of the nave. — R. I A new chancel has been built, and a north aisle added to the church : the arches having been taken from the church, recently taken down, of St. Mary Magdalene, Burgate (the parish united to St. George's). — H. Canterbury. 2 1 Early English one of octagonal form; the pedestal also octagonal, and surrounded by shafts having hell capitals. One of the east windows contains some pood stained glass. In the vestry is a curious painting of Guy Fawkes, date 1632 inscribed "In perpetuam Papistarum infamiam." ST. MART MAGDALEN'S CHURCH [Bivrgate). This small church contains little worthy of remark, and 3 of two equal aisles divided by a row of four pointed arches with Blender octagonal pillars, having square capitals, apparently Norman. Some windows are square-headed, of Rectilinear character : others arc Curvilinear. There is a low tower with pointed roof engaged with the west end of the northern aisle, and ranging with the street. The font is good Early English, almost exactly resembling that of St. George. There is a sumptuous monument to John Whitfield who died 1691.* ST. DUNSTAIP8 CHURCH [without th, Wcstgate). This church stands in the suburbs, and is a pretty structure. with very fair portions of the two later styles. It consists of a nave and chancel, each with a south aisle, and a plain tower, standing at the wesl end of the south aisle. The west window is a good Rectilinear one of three lights ; on the south side are some early Curvilinear ones of two lights, and on the north one lancet. The nave is very wide, and is divided from its aisle by four good pointed arches, with mouldings carried down the face of the [ ' which are attached circular shafts. The chance] has one trefoiled lancel on the north, and is divided from the • !i chapel by two pointed arches \\ Lth an octagonal pillar. The south chapel has a Mat wood ceiling, and bas Late windows with • Tiii- church, with the exception of the tower, baa been taken down, nn-i the an ■> enclosed, I he materials, including the arcade and columns "t Ki i ■ ■I in Ihe enlargement "t tin- Bister church of St. Ueoi ■<■ the M ; , ■ ■ of John Whitfield i ed under the tower.— H, 22 The ChurcJics of Kent. fiat arches. It is the burial place of the Ropers : in it is buried the head of Sir Thomas More, whose daughter [Margaret] married one of that family, and is interred in this chapel. It contains two Rectilinear altar-tombs : one with the sides richly panelled ; the other plainer, beneath a flat-arch canopy. The font is octagonal, on a shaft; and has a wooden cover of very rich tabernacle work. Of the other Canterbury churches, few are worthy of the least remark. St. Martin's is an Early English structure, with some earlier portions, built on a more ancient foundation — consisting only of a nave and chancel, with a tower. The font a superb Norman one.* St. Paul's has some Curvilinear windows. St. Alphage has been much mutilated and modernised, but neat within, and contains an organ.* All Saints' and St. Mary Northgate are modern Gothic structures, with towers, but deserve no attention. St. Mary Bredinf is very small and mean. St. Mary Bredman is modern and quite plain. St. Andrew's is a plain structure of brick with a tower. Both the last mentioned contain organs. Of the Abbey of St. Augustine \ — the gateway is a most magnificent specimen of the Curvilinear style, and undoubtedly the finest work of the sort that is to be found. The front is flanked by two lofty octagonal turrets rising above the roof, finished by a battlement, and enriched with panelling, some of which is pierced for windows. The centre contains a wide arch for the gate springing from shafts, and the mouldings filled with square flowers. The woodwork of the door itself is finely sculptured. The spandrels each contain a quatre foiled circle. Above the gateway arch is a series of rich niches with crocketed pyramidal canopies, and feathering continued over each of the side turrets ; there are also two rich windows of two lights * For St. Martin's and St. Alphage, vide infra. — H. f The church of St. Mary Bredin has been entirely rebuilt on an enlarged scale and a new design. — H. % Built 1297 to 1309. Canterbury. 2 j introduced in the range. Above, there is a fine band of panel- ling and a rich battlement. Of the other portions of the Abbey Borne fragments remain, especially some fine Norman parts of what is called Ethelbert's tower. THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH. ( This magnificent and highly interesting building would take a volume to describe adequately : and it has already been so much noticed and illustrated by engravings, that it will suffice to make very few remarks. The plan, though intricate, is very regular ; comprising a nave and choir with side aisles, a western and an eastern transept, a spacious chapel behind the choir called Trinity Chapel with a semicircular end, beyond which again is a circular space called Becket's crown. There are Beveral other chapels, both north and south; but they almost invariably are placed quite regularly, answering to each other. A magnificent Rectilinear tower arises from the intersection at the western transept, and the west front is flanked by two towers. The northern was formerly a Norman one, but, being ruinous, was taken down, and is now* being replaced by one to correspond with the south tower, which is a very good Rectilinear one, with panelled battlements and eight pinnacles. The whole of the in portion, as far as the choir, is Rectilinear of good cha- racter; the exterior plain, without battlement, but the buttresses crowned with pinnacles, and there are Hying buttresses to the clerestory. The west front is plain, but has a large window and 1 door. Attached to the south side of the Bouth-west tower rich and beautiful porch with panelling and niches. The interior of the nave is very line : the arches very grand, the piers rich, the groining of this part is also of the richest description. The central tower is open to a considerable height, and has 11 light and beautiful effect. There is a very considerable flight of steps M| to tin choir, beneath which is a very large and k a lit iful crypt, or nnd< rcroft, the largest in England. The eastern portion, • 1880.— H. 24 The Churches of Kent. including the choir with the chapels, has highly curious Early English work, parts just emerging from Norman with many singu- larities ; yet the arches of the choir, and all the lower portions, may be considered Norman, but late in the style. The screen of stone between the nave and choir is a most splendid Rectilinear one. The arches of the choir are semicircular, but lofty and with very rich mouldings ; the piers mostly massive, in some cases, clustered ; the capitals have very rich foliage. The clerestory of the choir has long lancets in each division, with fine mouldings, and shafts with foliated capitals. The groining of the roof is plain, but good. The aisles have some lancet windows, and some with semicircular heads, all having shafts ; these aisles have also an upper tier of curious windows with trefoil heads. There is much ancient stained glass, of splendid colouring. The Norman and Early English forms are much intermixed, and the ribs of the groining have chevron orna- ment. The eastern transepts have three heights of windows, and beneath the lowest externally a range of intersecting arches continued all along the choir aisles. In the upper tier of the south-east transept, is a plain circular window ; and attached to the same transept is a square Norman tower with several tiers of arches. St. Anselm's Chapel, (south of Trinity Chapel) is also Norman, but has, inserted, a fine Curvilinear window. The chapel of Henry IV. (north of Trinity Chapel) has an exquisite fan-groined roof. The monuments are very numerous ; that of Archbishop Theobald is very Early English, the sides enriched with trefoil arches and shafts. Those of Archbishops Meopham and Peck- ham are fine Curvilinear specimens ; that of Warharn is late and good Rectilinear ; that of Chicheley is earlier. The under- croft exhibits great variety, and is of immense extent ; the greater part is Norman, but there is much later work in the groining and other decorations ; it contains also a chapel dedicated to St. Mary, and the tomb of Archbishop Morton. On the north side of the cathedral there are very extensive Beakesboume. 25 portions of the monastic buildings, in very perfect condition; including the cloisters, which are quite perfect, and of Recti- linear character, with groined ceiling and fine canopies to the windows. The chapter house is a large fine space and lias a very Large rich window of seven lights of Rectilinear tracery. The treasury, situated on the north side of Trinity Chapel, is a very tine Norman specimen, with ranges of intersecting and other arches. The registry * is approached by a most beautiful and rich Norman staircase, the arches and capitals exquisitely sculptured. There are many other fine portions of Norman and other styles among the prebendal houses and other buildings surrounding the cathedral, \ and many fine gateways, &c. BEAKESBOUENE. ST. PETER The church is small, consisting of a nave, a small south transept, and chancel ; and a small modern tower at the west end. The north doorway is Norman with chevron ornament and shafts ; there is a plain semicircular arch in the north wall which seems to have opened to a transept now destroyed. There i> a Bimilar arch opening to the south transept. In the Dave some windows are Norman, hut most of them are Rectilinear. Th( chancel has. on the north, three lancet windows of plain work; on the south one ol>tuse lancet, and some of Late date; ut the east end two Lancets, on the pieis of which, in the inside, an- very elegant moulded Early English brackets: a string run- beneath the northern windows. The font is a plain 11. • The 1 d to another building many 3 0; the room ■ I by it now forme the Library of tin King's School.- II. t 11, «• remains "f tin- ancient buildings "i the priory, on tin- north side of .:, particularly the infirmary, and its chapel, the dormitory, kc., t into new, within the Last few years, by tin' removal of pre- • • ition of ili'- priory, had i>< en ijinli luto them, II. 26 The Churches of Kent. This small and insignificant village, though at such a distance, is a member of the port of Hastings, and within its jurisdiction, being exempt from the county magistrates. PATHICKSBO URNE. ST. MARY. This church is remarkable for its singularly beautiful speci- mens of Norman work. It consists of a nave and chancel ; the nave having a south aisle, the central portion of which is occupied by the tower, which forms a south porch, and has one of the richest doorways that is to be found, and in excellent preservation. The door itself is fiat at the top, and the head of the arch filled with sculpture, representing in one compartment the figure of St. Peter, together with grotesque figures of birds and beasts : the shafts have rich capitals of the finest workman- ship. The arch has three tiers of moulding ; one of which has scrolls mixed with heads and animals, one has pieces of foliage set alternately with gryphons and other animals, the third mould- ing is of much plainer character : the whole is crowned with a high pediment, within which is a small semicircular opening. The tower itself is plain in the upper story, and surmounted by a shingled spire. There is another good Norman door- way on the north with shafts, but much smaller than that on the south side.* At the west end of the south aisle is a Norman window : the other windows of the nave are mostly Rectilinear, or Curvilinear with square head. Parts of the exterior have been lately restored, the interior is newly and handsomely pewed.t The part of the aisle westward of the tower is occupied as a receptacle for rubbish and opens by plain semicircular arch to the nave. The tower and the part eastward * The two fine Norman doorways, as well as the exterior of the church gene- rally, are engraved in the " Antiquarian Itinerary," vol. vi. f The church has been more completely restored and put in order since these notes were written. — H. Fordwick. 27 of it open each to the nave by pointed arches, that of the tower having the billet ornament. The chancel opens to the nave by a semicircular arch with shafts. The east end of the chancel has in the npper part a curious circular wheel window, appa- rently of Norman work, the mouldings having the chevron ornament : below this are three narrow windows with semi- circular heads, the central being the highest, but these are now stopped up.' There are some other Norman windows in the chancel, and one inserted of Rectilinear character. The south dour of the chancel, now stopped, is small, but handsome, having several ranges of moulding with the chevron and other ornaments, and the shafts have rich worked capitals. Above it is a small statue, rather mutilated. On the south side of the altar is a Curvilinear niche, with crocketed triangular canopy and tracery. The churchyard is sequestered, and beautifully shaded with trees. FOEDWICH. ST. MART. This church consists of a nave with a north aisle, and a chancel ; at the west end is a plain tower without buttresses, surmounted by a shingled spire; the tower appears Early, and has a lancet window. There is one plain, obtusely-pointed window north of the nave; the other windows of the nave are Curvilinear, with square heads and labels, the tracery good. The nave is divided from its aisle by three rude, pointed arches without mouldings, and the piers Bquare. The chancel has one Norman window, and some sipiare- led Rectilinear; at the east end a Curvilinear one of two li^'ht-. The font is Norman, of Bquare form, moulded with plain, -mall, semicircular arches; Li stands upon a circular pillar with q tare b 1. —ii. 28 The Churches of Kent. STUERY. ST. NICHOLAS. This church is of Early English origin, but has lost much of its original character by insertions of later date. It consists of a nave with aisles, a chancel, and a plain embattled tower at the west end of the nave. There is a wooden south porch, with open panelling, and good feathering in the gable. The south windows of the nave are square headed, of Curvilinear or Rectilinear character. On the north are some windows of two lights, the tracery of which seems to be Curvilinear. The nave is divided from each aisle by four very plain, pointed arches without mouldings, of Early character, and resembling those at Fordwich ; the piers square, with imposts. The chancel has one obtuse lancet on the south ; and, on the north one, with a trefoiled head and dripstone. The east window consists of two trefoiled lancets with a central shaft. On the north of the chancel is a vestry. The whole church is neatly kept and very well ventilated, and there is an organ at the west end of the nave.* HERNB. ST. MARTIN. This is a large and handsome church, comprising a nave and chancel, each with side aisles, the tower standing at the west end of the north aisle, and engaged in the west front. f The walls are chiefly built of flints. The tower is principally Early English, having a plain parapet ; and the two upper stages have each two trefoiled lancet windows on each side. On the west side a Curvilinear window of three lights has been inserted. There is an Early English north porch, having two plain trefoil * This church has been thoroughly restored ; the organ removed from the west end, &c — H. t Of Heme Church is a good engraving, with description, in Brandon's •' Churches." Ho- in. 29 lancet windows 00 each side. The north aisle lb embattled in its whole length. The northern windows of the nave, and all the south windows of the whole church are Curvilinear of two lights ; those of the chancel having very Hat contracted arches. At the west end of the nave is a fine large Rectilinear window of live lights, with a transom ; and at the west of the south aisle is a small one with square head of three lights. The tower has to the lower story a stone groined ceiling, with plain intersecting ribs, and opens to the nave and to the aisle by very elegant Early English arches having fine mouldings and clustered shafts. The oave is very wide. and. has on each side four pointed arches, including that of the tower on the north : the piers are light and of octagonal form. There is no clerestory. The chancel has a fine Curvilinear east window of live lights, and is divided from each aisle by two pointed arches with piers, as in the nave. The chancel extends a little beyond the aisles; and there is a window on each side of the altar, the northern square-headed Rectilinear, the southern is Curvilinear. There is a great deal of good wood screen-work in the chancel, and some carved stalls. On the south of the altar are some remains of stone stalls, with an embattled cornice running over them, but much concealed by walling and monuments placed in front. The south chance] is divided from the south aisle of the nave by a good Early English arch, and has a Rectilinear window of four lights at the east end. The north chancel is large and handsome, and has two easl windows of Rectilinear character. It communicates with the chance] by an opening in an oblique direction. There are in Heme Church Beveral brasses, one of a female this inscription: "Orate specialit p A in Due Kpine dudu vxoris Matliei Phelip Ciuis et Aurifabri ac quonda Maioris Ciuitatis London que Migraurl ab hac valle Miserie \\\". die Man A" dfii Millnio ('('(( "]\\" Cuius Air ppiciet De AiimV 'I lie font is an octagon, with panelling and shields, the pedettta] enriched with very beautiful panelled tracery. A 30 The Churches of Kent. large barrel organ is erected in a gallery in the south aisle of the nave. The situation of the village is very pleasing, in a wooded valley, at the distance of near two miles from the sea. HOATH. ST. MARY. This church is but a small, mean fabric, consisting merely of a nave and chancel, and a wooden turret over the west end. There are some lancet windows ; at the east end is a double lancet with a circle between the heads. The west window was Curvilinear of three lights, but the tracery has been sadly mutilated.* There are a few others of Curvilinear character, and some of Rectilinear date. On the south of the altar is a plain niche with piscina and shelf. In the nave is a small brass with the figures of a man and a woman, of the 16th century ;f there is another in the chancel J inscribed " Hie jacet Isabella Chakbon cuius anime ppicietur deus Amen." The arch to the chancel is pointed. ST. NICHOLAS AT WADE (in Thanet). This church is a very good building, consisting of a nave with aisles and clerestory, a chancel with side aisles, and a lofty tower at the west end of the south aisle. There is a variety of good work of every style. The whole of the nave, south porch, and tower are embattled; the latter has an octagonal corner turret, a very common feature in Kent, and on the south side an elegant Curvilinear window of two lights, having shafts in the mullions. The south porch is of two stages, and contains a niche and stoup. The windows of the nave are mostly Curvi- * This church has been restored and re-seated. — H. f Antony Maycot, 1535, and wife Agnes, with two sun< and live daughters. — H. i II :!<>.— H. S/. Nicholas at Wade. 31 linear upon the south side ; and the west window is a very good one of three lights, but the upper part walled up.* At the west of the north aisle is a lancet window ; the others in the north aisle, as well as those of the clerestory, are Rectilinear. The north chapel of the chancel is embattled, and loftier than the aisle of the nave: the south aisle has a tiled roof. The windows of the chancel are mostly Curvilinear; that at the east end a rich one oi' five lights, bul there is one plain lancet in the south aisle. The interior of the nave has a grand appearance, and the]-.' is much variety in the arches on each side. Upon each side they are live in number, including that which opens to the tower on the south side. The northers arches are all pointed with octagonal piers. On the south, the three eastern arches are Norman, varying in character; one of them much enriched, having a kind of wavy ornament running round one of the mouldings, as well as the toothed ornament; the piers are square, with shafts attached, from whence spring the arches ; these have fine and varied capitals with square abaci ; in some there is foliage, in others the scroll or heads; the fourth arch is pointed and very acute, that to the tower also pointed, with rich architrave mouldings, rising from octagonal shafts. A similar arch on the east side of the towel- opens into the south aisle. Some of the windows have portions of rich stained glass. The chancel is divided from its north aisle by two plain Early English arches, with a circular pillar having the abacus and an Earlj capital ; to the south aisle there is only one wide pointed arch. On the south side is some line wood sen work, pari of which appears to he of Curvilinear period. Th. 1 inclosed within the altar rails is unusually large, and the altar table and BCTe< D very neat. There is a small doorwav, \. p.- high up, south of the chancel arch, as if to commu- nicate with the rood-loft. The font is of lead, and of octagonal form upon a circular ba • * 1 ntelj mi .1 < < in 1 •]• t • - restoration, 1 1. 32 The Churches of Kent. y MINSTER IN THANBT. -ST. MARY. This is unquestionably one of the very finest churches in the county, and is a very large cruciform structure ; the nave being a fine and perfect specimen of pure Norman work, the chancel of beautiful Early English, and the transepts also of the latter style, but plainer. At the west end of the nave is the tower, of Norman work, without buttresses, and having a large square turret attached to the south side. There are three stages of windows with semicircular heads, of rather plain character, the parapet is embattled, and crowned by a well proportioned shingled spire. The nave has a leaded roof, the aisles are embattled, most of the windows are modernised,* but one of the original Norman windows remains on the north side. The nave is wide and lofty, and is divided from each aisle by five handsome semicircular arches, the three eastern of which have the chevron and billet ornaments in the mouldings, the others are much plainer ; the pillars are circular ; some of the capitals on the north side enriched with foliage, the bases of the pillars are square ; the tower opens to the nave by a semicircular arch, springing from shafts, above which in the tower is a window of the same form opening to the nave. The transepts are Early English, and the exterior plain : some of the buttresses have triangular heads. The north transept has two lancets at the north end, two on the east and one on the west side, and opens by a good arch with shafts to the north aisle. The south tran- sept has also some lancets ; but a rectilinear window is inserted at the end. The springs of groining in the chancel are begun, rising from shafts which stand upon the string beneath the windows. In the north transept is an arch in the wall for a tomb. The space at the intersection of the body and the tran- septs, seems originally destined for the erection of a tower, and * The church lias been completely restored, with the tracery of the win- dows, &c. — H. Minster in Thanct. has stone groining of plain character. The chancel has a very fine effect within, and its ceiling is entirely groined in stone; the ribs merely cross each other without bosses, and spring from shafts with moulded beU capitals. Upon each side of the chancel are lour lancet windows without shafts; but at the easi end is a fine triple lancet window having very deep mouldings, and clustered shafts with bell capitals. Some of the shafts are ^onv which sustained the ribs t<\' the groining, but the capitals remain, and along the liin ■ o[' the capitals is carried an ant hand of Early English ornament, consisting of quatre- foils and circles. All the ancient stalls remain in line condition, with handsome wood carving. The altar table is not enclosed by rails. The whole church is in good order, well cleaned and preserved, and the line arches and pillars of the nave divested of their coats of whitewash. The font is an octagon, hut cased in I. The churchyard is surrounded by line elms, and com- mands an extensive view on the north over the marsh, with Ash Church. BIRCHHSTGTOISr. ALL SAINTS. This i- a good church, consisting of a nave witli aisles, a chancel with side chapels, and a tower crowned with a shingled spire, upon the south side of the chancel. The nave is wide, hut the side aisles narrow ; the greater part of the church is tilinear, with good windows of two and three lights. The • i- is, however, Early English, and opens upon three sides by plain pointed arches rising upon imposts, some of its windows are of lancet form. The nave i- divided from each aisle !>,\ five pointed arches springing from octagonal pillars ; there Beems t" 'one arch thrown across the south aisle from one of the piers, which is consequently strengthened. There remain Bom< of the rood-lofl screen. The chapel south of the chancel, and adjoining the tower on the east, is now the vestry, u 34 The Churches of Kent. and contains a curious old wood chest, and the brass of an ecclesiastic* The chapel on the north opens to the chancel by pointed arches, and is called the Quex Chapel, from an ancient family now extinct, formerly possessors of the estate of the same name in this parish. In this are several brasses and handsome monuments. One brass represents two figures, one considerably smaller than the other, thus inscribed — " Hie jacet Johes Queke." 1449. Another represents a female figure, with a smaller one kneeling at her feet. There is also one of small size to Margaret Cryspe, wyfe of John Cryspe 1533, beneath which is represented an infant in swaddling clothes. Another represents eight sons and seven daughters. There is a panelled altar-tomb to one of the Crispe family,! the panelling containing shields charged with various armorial bearings ; upon it are the effigies of a man and woman. The other tombs to the Crispes are of later date, mostly of the gorgeous but heavy style of James I. One of them to Henry Crispe and Marie his wife (1618) is sculptured with figures of their children, some of whom carry sculls, seeming to mark that they died before their parents. Another monument to the same family has six com- partments, each containing a bust in bas-relief. The font is an octagon, supported upon a central cylindrical shaft, and having four smaller ones at the alternate sides. I MOJSTKTON". ST. MARY. This is a small church, comprising only a nave and chancel, with a tower at the west end ; but there was formerly a north aisle opening to the nave by five pointed arches, which may be * John Heynys,- vicar of Monkton. obiit 1523. — R. I Sir Henry Crispe (oV. 1575) and his first wife Catherine Scott. — R. | The church lias been well restored. — H. Monkton in TJntuct. i 5 Been in the wall of the nave ; and there is likewise a fragment of the \w st wall of the same aisle. There are n feu Norman windows walled up on the south, the others are all Rectilinear insertions. The tower and the chancel arch are Early English. The former is plain, and without buttresses: in the lower part are plain Lancets; in the belfry story two trefoiled lancets on each side ; the parapet without battlement ; the arch from the tower to the church is pointed, upon imposts. That to the chancel BpringS from shafts with early capitals, upon which are small plain brackets of stone. The font is octagonal, and cased in wood. The pulpit large with wood carving, temp. .lames I. At the west end is a gallery with an organ.* MARGATE, alias ST. JOHN'S. This is a large low building of not much beauty, the exterior being almost wholly modernised, and the interior disfigured by shabby irregular pews and unsightly galleries.! The length is considerable, and both nave and chancel have side aisles. The tower, which stands at the west end of the north aisle, is modern. A vestry, with embattled parapet forms the eastern termination of the north aisle. The windows are mostly modernised, but Bome few have the original Rectilinear tracery, and some south of the chancel are trefoiled lancets, having to the interior very good mouldings and shafts. The nave is seven bays in length, the space of one bay on the north being occupied by the tower. The arches are of various character : on the south they are all point* 1. some of very plain Early English character without mouldings ; tin- piers are mostly octagonal ; the eastern arch Bpringa fri'in a shaft with rich foliated capital. On the north the two n arches are semicircular, the rest pointed; the • i . ntirelj d and put in ordi r, II. t I omplete repair and restoration ; ! church !. 1876. — II. 1 6 The Churches of Kent. piers all circular with square abacus and early capitals. The chancel has two arches on each side ; on the north, of Early character without mouldings, and a massive circular pier ; on the south the arches are of more advanced period, with an octagonal pier. The font is octagonal, panelled, with shields and roses. There is, in the western gallery, a good organ presented to the church in 1797. ST. PETER'S (in Thanet). This is a large long church, in many respects resembling Margate, consisting of a nave and chancel, each with side aisles and tiled roofs ; and at the west end of the north aisle a lofty tower much out of proportion with the lowness of the body. The walls are mostly of flints ; there are considerable portions of Norman and Early English work, and some of later date. The tower has an octagonal turret attached to the north side ; on the west side is a Curvilinear window of three lights ; the belfry window is of two lights, and the whole is surmounted by a battlement. The windows are, some Curvilinear, some Recti- linear, many of which have lost their tracery.* There is one trefoiled lancet on the south side. There is a small north door with some Early English nail-head ornament. The south porch is embattled. The tower opens to the north aisle by a fine pointed arch with good mouldings. The arrangement of the arches in the nave and chancel is dissimilar on the two sides, and irregular ; in the western part of the nave the divisions are formed by blank walls, which seem original ; beyond which, on the north, are four very plain semicircular arches, with circular columns having square capitals and bases, and ornaments in the angles of the bases. On the south side are three arches : * This church has been thoroughly restored, with the tracery of the windows, throughout; the pews replaced l>y open scats, and the western gallery re- moved, &c. — H. S/. Pcfrrs in Thanct. 37 one, nearest tlie west, pointed and very plain, with a square Early pier having shafts set at the angles; the other two arches are pointed, with circular pillars as on the north, and the eastern arch rises from a semi-column attached to the pier. The fourth arch on the south opens to the chancel, and is a good Early English one, with toothed ornamenl in the mouldings. The south aisle is only continued a little way along the chance] ; hut the north aisle extends to the east end. and opens to the chance] by three rude Early pointed arches with square piers. The chancel has the roof coved, and divided into panelled compartments by wooden ribs with bosses of good carving: beneath runs a cornice of wood carving, with pieces of foliage, &c. The pews are neat and uniform, and the altar handsome. There are Borne monumental hrasses of the fifteenth century; and, in thi gallery, a ^ood organ. ST. LAWRENCE (in Thanet). This church consists of a nave with side aisles, small transepts not extending beyond the body, a chancel with side chapels and a tower rising from the centre. The exterior is plain and not remarkable. The tower partakes hoth of Norman and Early English work; the arches upon which it is supported, opening to the body, transepts, and chancel, are pointed ; the tern and western having line architrave mouldings and clustered shafts with capitals of Earl] English foliage. The other two arches are plainer with Bquare pilasters, in the tern arch there is Borne of the chevron ornament. On the smith, outside the tonei- is a range of lour semicircular arches of man character, with shafts. The belfry windows consist of lights on each side; the parapel is embattled. The nave is divided from each ai le by three plain, pointed arches, column • and circular, with square capitals of earh I .' ■ chance] ha- on each side two plain. Early, pointed 38 The Churches of Kent. arches, with square piers having shafts at the angles ; on the south is also a third arch, smaller and lower. The roof of the chancel is coved and panelled ; with ribs, bosses, and flowered cornice running beneath, as at St. Peter's. In the north chancel is a wooden screen, and some ancient books, including Foxe's Book of Martyrs, and others. There are some brasses — one to Nicholas Manston, armiger,* 1444. In the south chancel is an ogee niche trefoiled, with a stoup. The whole church is fitted up with pews and galleries painted with most glaring white. The windows are all Rectilinear, but many mutilated. f SANDWICH. ^MS.Z.S.S. ST. PETER'S CHURCH. This church has undergone considerable mutilation, and has at present a very unsightly, patched appearance. It consists now of a nave and chancel with a north aisle, and a tower placed between the nave and chancel. The south aisle is destroyed, but part of its outer wall is standing, and the arches are visible, built into the south wall of the nave. The walls are mostly of flints ; the tower is large, but the upper part is modern and built of brick. There is a Rectilinear north porch embattled ; all the windows of the nave have been sadly mutilated. The interior is spacious and lofty ; and the nave is divided from its aisle by three pointed arches with octagonal pillars. The chancel is divided from its aisle by two similar arches, and those which support the tower are of like character. There is no vestige of very early work about the church. The chancel has a fine Curvilinear window on the north side, of three lights, but unfortunately wallcd-up. In the north aisle is an ogee arch for a tomb, flanked by buttresses with pinnacles ; there are also the effigies of a man and woman, and a slab with a cross flory and inscription in Lombard letters. A small altar-tomb is * With collar of SS. — H. f This church has been much improved.— H. Sandwich. 39 panelled with tivt'oils containing heads, and bears the mutilated effigy of a knight. There is one good carved pew-end. In the gallery is an organ. ST. MARY'S CHUMCH. ./rsS^ and is strengthened by huge buttresses. The windows of the nave and chancel on the north side have round heads, and are set very high in the wall ; beneath them runs a string-course, and between them are very flat buttresses. On the north side of the chancel is a small narrow doorway of Norman character, with billet ornament round the outer arch, which rests upon imposts, the head of the arch is filled with stone work arranged in rather a curious form. There are three pointed arches, with slender circular columns, between the nave and the aisle ; and above is a clerestory with wide lancet windows. The arch to the tower is pointed, but very plain. The windows of the south aisle are Curvilinear of two lights, and beneath them runs a III. M: I - ill I l I - It II \ IK 1 1 KM < ill in n. 56 The Churches of Kent. string-course. The arch to the chancel is semicircular, and on the side facing the west is ornamented with an outer moulding of billets, and has shafts with rich capitals ; towards the east the arch is plain, but rests upon imposts curiously wrought with scroll work. The chancel has two original windows on the north side, one containing ancient stained glass ; there runs along a great part of the interior of the chancel a rich string-course, in character resembling that at Barfreston ; and upon it stand shafts with rich capitals, probably designed for supporting the groining of the roof, which was never completed. There is a semicircular arch in the north wall, stopped up. The east window is Rectilinear of four lights, and immediately under it is a tomb of marble with a handsome canopy of the seventeenth century, to some of the family of Scott. On the north side is another tomb of elegant Rectilinear workmanship, the tomb itself panelled with compartments containing shields with various charges, among them the arms of Scott ; the canopy consists of a flat arch with quatrefoil panelling in the spandrels, surmounted by a cornice with small battlements and very fine panelling, the under part of the canopy is handsomely groined. On the south side of the altar is a Rectilinear niche in a square compartment with a piscina ; also two arches in the wall, apparently for tombs, and between them a small niche with elegant triangular canopy with crockets and finial, and flanked by small pinnacles. The south chapel has good Rectilinear windows of two and three lights, and a niche with piscina ; also a brass with a female figure well preserved and thus inscribed : "Of yr charite pray for the soule of dame Elizabeth poynynges late wyf to Edward Poynyngs the whych d. Eliz : clecessed the xv dai of August y yere of our lord god MVXXVIII on whose soul Jhu have mercy. Amen." There are remains of other brasses, and a few old wooden seats of Rectilinear character. The font is a plain circular mass of stone. Smeeth. 5 7 SMEETH. ST. MART. This church lias a nave and chancel, each with a north aisle, and a plain modern tower at tho west end. There are both Norman and Early English portions, with some of later date. The south do.u-way is Norman, with shafts and some curious ornament. The nave is separated from the aisle by three plain pointed arches with square piers, and the chancel opens to the nave by a semicircular arch, having the chevron ornament in the mouldings and shafts ; on one side of this arch is a door which probably led up to the rood-loft. The chancel has a large plain pointed arch opening to the aisle. There are some Curvilinear, and some Rectilinear windows, some of the former without feathering. There is one lancet at the west end of the north aisle ; and in the east wall of the chancel is a Norman window, now walled up. The east portion of the nave has a coved wood ceiling, enriched with panelling and bosses, and a cornice of Tudor flower running beneath it. In the north aisle of the chancel is an arch in the wall for a tomb, with ogee canopy and feathering. The font is a plain octagon. MERSHAM. ST. JOHN BAPTIST. is rather a handsome church, with some singularities, Rnd portion-, of various st vies. The nave is wide, and has an aisle on the south side ; the chancel has also a south chapel, and the tower stands at the west end of the south aisle. A door on the south Bide i- Norman, of rather plain character. The tower I English, \i' wall, 6o The Churches of Kent. of which portions remain ; the inner one has a beautiful gate- way flanked by two circular towers having small windows with feathered arches ; and much covered with ivy. On the south side of the court are the remains of the chapel, having three large pointed windows, the tracery of which appears to have been Curvilinear and very elegant; there are also traces of a groined ceiling. Beneath the chapel is an apartment with small pointed windows. The whole is much overgrown with trees and ivy, and within the area is a garden and orchard ; some parts are appropriated to the farm buildings. HYTHE* ST. LEONARD. This magnificent church, though of plain exterior, presents in the interior of the chancel one of the finest and best preserved specimens of enriched Early English work that can be found. The plan of the church is cruciform, with nave, transepts, and chancel ; the nave and chancel have each side aisles and clerestory, and a singular effect is produced from the chancel being very much loftier than the nave. At the west end is a tower, the lower part of which is of Kectilinear character, the upper part modern with battlement and pinnacles. The walls of the church seem to be principally Early English ; but there is a door of fine Norman character, on the west side of the north transept, having good plain mouldings and shafts. The north transept has a singular double roof ; several windows both of Curvilinear and Eectilinear work are inserted in the nave and transepts, but the clerestory has trefoiled lancets. There is a Rectilinear porch on the south side, but within it is an Early English doorway with shafts. The south transept seems to be partly modern. The chancel is large and purely Early English, but the exterior is not enriched, its walls rising * This church was well restored in 1S75. — B. Hxthc. 6 1 considerably above the roof of the nave and have the appearance of a tower ; at the north-west corner is a circular turret. The aisles of the chancel have lancet windows, some single, some double, having externally merely dripstones. The east window of the chancel has three lancets, the centre one heing the highest. The clerestory windows are trefoiled lancets, hut many are walled up. On the south side is a good doorway with deep mouldings. The nave is divided from each aisle by three arches, and a fourth on each side opens to the transepts. These arches differ in character : on the south three are alike, lofty and pointed with pillars alternately circular and octagonal ; but the fourth arch (to the south transept) is plainer, and springs fnmi clustered shafts. On the north side the two western arches are of plain character, the first pier a rude octagon, the next circular: the third arch is much loftier and more enriched with mouldings; and the fourth, opening to the transept, is of still richer work, with line mouldings and springs from beautiful clustered shafts having hell capitals. Between the south aisle of the nave and the transept is a fine low semi- circular arch with billet ornament in the mouldings, and springing from pilasters having shafts in their angles. The nave is neatly pewed, and contains a good organ. The chancel is of on -re advanced Early English work, far richer than the nave, and forming a singular contrast in the richness of its interior, t<> the simplicity of the exterior. It is approached from the nave by an ascenl of several steps, there heing beneath it a Bpacious crypl : ami the general effect of the interior is magnificent, the ornaments being well preserved and lately oed from paint. The arch opening to the nave is lofty, with eleganl mouldings and clustered shafts having bell capitals. Upon each Bide, Opening to the aisles are two line arches, with thed ornamenl in the architraves; the piers are of octagonal form and each Burrounded by eight shafts of Purbeck marble quit* i. with a general moulded capital. Over the th arch i triforium, which in each compartment consists 62 The Churches of Kent. of two moulded semicircular arches with mouldings and shafts, subdivided by a central shaft into two smaller pointed arches. On the north side the triforium has been walled up. The east window presents to the interior five lancets, diminishing on each side from the centre, within a large pointed arch in the head of which are two quatrefoils above the centre lancet ; the three centre ones are pierced for windows, the mouldings of all are very delicate and rich and have the toothed ornament, the shafts are clustered but disengaged, and their capitals varied. There are slender shafts in the angles of the east end, from which spring the beginnings of ribs for the groining which never was completed; the same appears in the side aisles, and in the north aisle the arch of the groining is formed. The windows of the north aisle are beautifully arranged in three compart- ments, each different from the other : the first towards the west is a single lancet ; the next a double lancet with clustered shafts, and a quatrefoil between the heads ; the third has two lancets within one arch with mouldings and shafts. The east window is a single lancet. The south aisle has one single lancet with mouldings and shafts, and also three very beautiful continuous lancets with fine mouldings, the inner arch trefoiled with rich toothed ornament and clustered shafts. On the north of the altar is a door opening to the north aisle. On the south are two ascending stalls with trefoil heads and label over them, the shafts single ; eastward of these is a double niche of exactly similar form, with piscina. Beneath the east window runs a band of quatrefoil panelling, and in the south aisle is an ogee niche trefoiled, with an octagonal piscina. The shafts are nearly all of Purbeck marble, cleansed from paint, which adds much to the general effect. Under the chancel is a large crypt, entered on the south side by a deeply moulded doorway, from which the earth has been cleared away. The crypt is lighted by lancet windows on the east side ; the groining is very good though plain, the ribs spring from shafts of Purbeck marble Jfythc. 63 against the wall, and are supported on octagonal pillars. In this crypt is an immense quantity of human bones, about which are various traditions. The font which stands in the chancel is a fine Curvilinear one, of octagonal form, with trefoil panelling. H ">/• NEW ROMNEY. ST. NICHOLAS. This is a large and handsome church, consisting of throe Bpacions aisles of equal length with separate roofs, and at the west end a massive tower of curious character with a mixture of Norman and Early English work. The aisles are carried up to the west wall of the tower, but the western portion including three arches is much narrower than the rest. The tower is very massive, and five stages in height : on the west side is a good doorway of Norman character with several mouldings, and shafts much enriched : in the next stage are three narrow windows with Bemicircular heads and toothed dripstones springing from pilasters with shafts attached. The upper parts are Early English : the third stage having on each side two pointed windows, the pier between having shafts attached ; the next stage has one lancet window; the highest, two lancets, with shafts having foliated capitals. The buttresses art 1 chiefly flat ; but the upper part of that at the north-west angle is octagonal, and crowned by B large pinnacle of like form, having shafts at the angles. Al each of the other angles of the tower are pinnae! 1 of which are octagonal and one square : beneath the parapei of the tower runs a cornice of heads ami a baud of bhed ornament. On the top of the tower is the base of an tgonal spire thai has been Long destroyed. The tower has, OH the north and south, semicircular arches opening to the aisles, and a pointed arch on the east side with billet ornament. ond th r the oave is five bai 1 in length, four of it* 64 The Churches of Kent. arches are semicircular, all enriched with billet ornament, and the alternate ones also with the embattled ornament, the piers alternately octagonal and circular with square capitals and bases. Over three of the arches were plain smaller arches with semi- circular heads now walled up, which seem once to have formed a clerestory. The fifth arch of the nave is pointed, and the chancel has three high pointed arches on each side, with light octangular pillars. All the windows are of early Curvilinear work, chiefly of two lights, but at the east end, which consists of three equal gables, the centre window is of five lights, the north and south windows each of three lights. In the low west portion are some bad modern insertions, but the general effect both within and without is very good ; the exterior simple but handsome ; the interior light and spacious though without a clerestory. Beneath the windows runs a string-course. Upon each side of the altar are stone screens, partly concealed by modern wainscoting. In the north aisle of the chancel are some brasses, and in the wall a feathered arch for a tomb ; there is also one of plainer character in the south aisle. In a gallery at the west end is a barrel organ. The roof of the chancel within is boarded and painted. The windows of the side aisles are set closely and particularly numerous. ALL SAINTS. This is a very large church, consisting of a nave and chancel, each with side aisles, and extending 190 feet in length. At the west end is a very lofty and beautiful tower of Rectilinear character, which is seen far and wide over Romney Marsh. The tower is in height 132 feet. It is surmounted by a battlement, and has at the south-west angle an octagonal turret crowned by a large crocketed pinnacle ; at the other three angles are smaller plain pinnacles. On the west side is a double doorway, and Lydd. 65 ■ it a large window of four lights included in the same arched compartment. Each of the compartments of the doorway has the spandrels panelled, and the effect is very elegant. The rest of the tower is of plain work, and built of Hint and stone, the belfry windows of two lights with transoms, and above each of them a small feathered opening. The tower is open to the church by a lino lofty arch, and the lower storey has a rich groined ceiling of beautiful design. Tin' external appearance of the church is injured by the body being much too low in propor- tion to the tower, and without a clerestory, though the length is quite sufficient. The body is mostly of earlier period than the tower, and has both Early English and Curvilinear work. Each aisle has a separate roof, and has little ornament externally. The windows of the nave are mostly Curvilinear of two lights, excepting only some in the west portion of the north aisle, which are Rectilinear and square headed. In the chancel the windows are all Recti- linear, excepting some plain lancets, trefoiled, and one Curvi- linear in tin' south aisle. The top of the east end of the chancel lias been altered, and made Hat. The nave has seven Early English arches on each side; the pillars circular and slender, with moulded capitals and large bases. The channel opens to the nave by a plain pointed arch upon octagonal shafts, and by a similar arch tu each of its aisles. The pews do not occupy the whole spare in the nave, and there are no galleries* A few ancient carved ends of pews still remain. The chancel extends a little beyond the aisles, and has on each side three trefoiled lancets, with a Btring-course beneath them. In the nave are ral brass* -. one dated L506, one to Thomas Godfrey and his wife, with three ligui'es under a rich canopy, hut the inscription mutilated. In the north aisle of the chance] is a pointed arch in the wall springing from circular brackets, within which is the etlig\ of a cross-legged knight, in chain armour, Sir Walter !. I:;:;:'.. In the chancel is a brass of an ecclesiastic, with this inscription, "Hicjacel ra J 1 Vfottesfonl atriusque V BRASS OF THOMAS OODFRF.Y, LYDD CHUKCH. Lydd. 67 juris Baoallauri' et nun Vicari' istius ecctie qui obiit vi° die Novembris Anno dni M°CCCC°XX° cuius ale ppicietm Dens, BRASS OP I • I. Il.lt GOD] l;i:V AM) Win;. LYDD CHUECH. Ani'ii." Prom lii> month proceeds a scroll with " Miserere mei Den ; .in magna miam tua." Around run the following : — i tnmnlo . cnr aon mortalia Bpernia .' Tali domo clanditur omnia homo. I. 1 in ' abaq3 mora, mortis cam reneril bora, 1 •_' 68 The Churches of Kent. Ecce corona datur nulli, nisi rite sequatur Vitam justorum, fugiens exempla malorum. Oh, quam ditantur qni crelica regna lucrantur ! Vivent jocund' confessi crimina mnndi." * There are other monuments to jurats and officers of the cor- poration. TElNTTEKDElSr. ST. MICHAEL. This is a large church, having nave and chancel with side aisles of considerable length, and at the west end a lofty and beautiful Rectilinear tower, so very similar to that of Lydd, that it seems to have been the work of the same architect. It has the double doorway and window arranged in the same manner, but here the window has a transom and a small niche on each side of it. The belfry windows are double, the pinnacles differ from those at Lydd, there being here at each angle of the tower an octagon turret surmounted by a large crocketed pinnacle. On the north side is a staircase turret. The tower opens to the church by a lofty arch. The body is much too low in proportion to the tower, and has a shabby external appearance, being rough, with the plaster peeling off, and almost all the windows bar- barously deprived of their tracery. t There is no clerestory, but the south aisle of the nave is embattled. Some of the buttresses have triangular heads. In the north aisle, in a line with the chancel arch, is an octagonal turret. The south porch has a doorway with shafts. The nave is divided from each aisle by five pointed arches, with pillars alternately circular and octa- gonal. The roof of the nave is coved, boarded, and divided into panelled compartments, with very richly worked bosses. The * From the accurate transcript of the Eev. Bryan Faussett's Coll. Paroch. — IT. f The tracery of the windows has been restored, galleries removed, and pews replaced by open seats.— II. Tenterden. 69 arch to the chancel is Early English, from shafts bavin-- foliated capitals. The chancel has two pointed arches on each side to the aisles, the pier on the south circular, on the north octa- gonal. The chancel extends beyond the aisles, and has a lancet window en the north. The aisles of the chancel have Curvi- linear windows, some square-headed, hut those at the extremi- ties have good tracery, and one has shafts to its arch. The pews and galleries an' crowded, the altar-piece Grecian and Modern. At the wot end is a good organ, erected by subscription. GREAT CHART. This church has a nave and chancel, with equal aisles, and an embattled tower at the west end, with a good plain door and a two-light window over it. The walls are of stone, the windows are some Curvilinear and some Rectilinear. The nave and part of the chancel has a clerestory, with square-headed windows of two lights, and Rectilinear character. The nave is divided from each aisle by three pointed arches with octagonal pillars, and the chance] opens to the nave by a pointed arch thrown across from one pillar of the nave to the opposite ; there are similar arches across the aisles. The chancel has on each side three pointed arches with octagon piers, lower and wider than those of the nave. Some of the windows contain pieces of stained -lass. There is a little screenwork within the tower arch. The font is ;i plain octagon. A barrel organ is placed in the west gallery. In the north aisle is a stair turret and d -.placed at a great height. In the north chancel is a curious covered pew, w ith wood can ing, temp. -lam. I., and in the same several hrasses to the Toke family of Godington, one of which represents a man between two women, with this inscription,* " Orate proanimd Johannis Toke, armigeri ouper de Goddyngton isti' p'roch'cui 1 corp'jacet ■ Rancta Trinitas, Qnua i >. ! ' :!'..!'•;. I.v ctt. yo The Churches of Kent. hie tumulatum ; ac pro animabs Margarete et Anne uxor' suarum que qdm Mgareta filia fuit natalis, dum vixit Joins Walworth nur> in Comitatu Suff. et dicta Anna filia etiam naturalis Johannis Engham Armigeri, nuper de Syngleton, isti' Paroch'. Qui vero Johes Toke obiit vicesimo die Maii Anno Dni millino quingentesimo tercio decimo. Quorum ainiabus ppiciet' Rex altissimus." Another, date 1565, to John Toke. In the nave is a brass with the figures of one man * and five females. In the chancel is a marble altar-tomb of Rectilinear character to some of the Goldwell family, the sides panelled, and upon the slab are brass figures of a man and woman. t There is a small low building attached to the west end of the north aisle. Ot*f../P/ ? 3.JS.4J. ASHFOED. ST. MARY. This is a plain spacious church in the form of a cross with a lofty tower rising from the centre. The whole is of Rectilinear work, having been entirely rebuilt by Sir John Fogge in the reign of Edward IV. The nave, transepts and chancel are all of equal height with tiled roofs. The nave and chancel have * William Sharp, 1500, and five wives. See "Parsons' Monuments," p. 186. — H. + " On the north side of the Communion rails is a very ancient altar-tomb, which has been magnificently inlaid with bi*ass, of which nothing now remains but the figures of a man and a woman ; out of the mouth of the man proceeds a label with this sentence : ' Pater de ccelis, Deus, miserere nobis ! ' Out of the mouth of the woman comes another, with these words : ' Fili Redemptor mundi, Deus, miserere nobis ! ' At their feet are two other labels, which proceeded from two groups of figures now lost, with these words : ' Spts Sfe, Deus, miserere nobis ' — ' Sancta Trinitas, Unus Deus, miserere nobis ! ' " Mr. Weever says it had the following inscription on its brass verge, or border, and, betwixt every word, the figure of a well, alluding to the name : ' Anime Willelmi de Goldwelle & Avicie Uxoris sue, per miserecordiam Dei, in pace requiescant : Qui quidem (.s'/c) Willielmus septimo die mensis Maij.et dicta Avicia octavo die Aprilis, Litera Dominicalis B. ab hac luce migrarunt. Ann. Domini M.CCC'C.LXXXV. Quorum animah i'picietur Deus. Amen ! ' " Collecta' of Rev. Bryan Fanssett. — II. Ashford. j j side aisles, but no clerestory. Those of the nave have Lately been re-edified, and widened, bnt quite in character with the of the church.* The windows of the aisles are o{' three lights, Borne with transoms. The east and west windows are of five lights each, with fine tracery. The transepts have each at the end a Large window of four lights. Under the east window is a niche with a mutilated image. Beneath the west window i- a door with Tudor arch, and panelled spandrels, there is a similar door on the north side. The tower rises two entire stages above the root*, the lowest having a two-light window, the upper a three-light window on each side, and all with transoms ; the whole i-, crowned with a battlement, and at each angle an octagonal turret and large pinnacle. There is an octagonal staircase turret leading to the tower in the angle between the north transept and aisle. The nave is divided from each aisle by three high pointed arches, with slender circular pillars ; the roof is coved, and divided into square compartments by ribs with ho-- - at their intersections. There are galleries along both aisles, ami one at the west end, ill which is a good organ. f The side aisles open to the transepts by half arches, and the tower is supported on four high pointed arches spring- from shafts with octagonal capitals. The chancel is divided from ea.h aisle by three acute arches with slender circular piers with i al capitals. Some of the ancient wooden stalls with carved ends remain. t The south transept has a chapel on the i de, divided by three arches like those of the nave, the north t: I has also a chapel. There are several handsome monuments, that of the Founder, sir John Fogg (obt. 1490) is on the north Bide of the chancel ; it is an altar-tomb, with the id( b handsomely panelled ; it has a brass plate with some • 1 thi aed, in exact accordance with the II t A m l he North transept, 1 1. • pewi which formi i Ij ran I hem II. J 2 The Churches of Kent. Latin verses much defaced. There is also a mutilated brass in the north transept to Thomas Fogg, Esquire, who died in the sixteenth century. In the south transept are three very large gorgeous marble monuments to the family of Smyth, in the style that prevailed in the reigns of Elizabeth and James L, of which they are fine specimens. One to Thomas Smyth, Esquire, of Westenhanger, and Alice his wife, 1591, engraved in "Neale's Churches," and all the inscriptions given there. One to Sir Richard Smyth his son, obt. 1628, the third to Sir John Smyth of Ostenhanger, Knt. (son of the latter), Obt. 1609. In the chancel is a large brass, much mutilated, of Elizabeth, daughter to Henry Lord Ferrers of Groby, and wife to David le Strabolgie, Earl of Athol, obt. 1375. The figure is curious from the costume in the old French dress closely buttoned. She had a banner in each hand, now gone, said to have been charged with armorial bearings ; and round the slab ran originally a fillet of brass with an inscription, of which only remains " Icy gist . . . . Countesse .... quemour'."* The font is octagonal, panelled with quatrefoils. WILLESBOROUGH. ST. MARY. This is a light and pretty church, consisting of a nave with a south aisle, a chancel, and a tower containing four bells, crowned by a shingled spire at the west end. There are portions of each of the three Pointed styles, and Curvilinear parts remarkably elegant. The tower is Early English, with trefoil lancet belfry windows, and a west doorway with mouldings and shafts having bell capitals. The windows of the nave are mostly Rectilinear * The entire inscription was : i%t li Icy gist Elisabeth jadye, countesse D'Athels, La Fille de Seign r de Ferrers, q Deiu asoill qe mourust le 22 jour d'October, L'An de gre m.ccc.lxxv." Bryan FausxeU's Colleela. — H. Willesborough, of two and three Lights ; but there is one lancet on the north. The chancel is Curvilinear, and opens to the nave by a pointed arch springing from octagonal brackets with heads. The nave is divided from the aisle by five Pointed arches, with three octagonal and two circular pillars. The side windows of the chance] are of two lights, the eastern one of five lights, with rich tracery, and a good deal of line stained glass. There is a 1 deal of ancient stained glass in the chancel. There is an arch to a BOuth chapel with circular shafts, having octagonal capitals. On the south are three fine stone stalls varying in form and size ; the two western having Hat tops with cinquefoil feathering, and surmounted by a cornice of small battlements. The third is larger and higher with a similar cornice, but an Ogee arch with feathering and pierced spandrels. The piers between them have small stone knobs for resting the arms ; beyond them is a niche with ogee canopy and finial, with a ina. The font is octagon, standing on a shaft formed of four clustered shafts, and there are detached shafts at each of the alternate angles. The pews are neat and new, and there is a large barrel organ.* KENNINGTON. ST. M IRT. This church has a nave and chancel, each with south aisle, and an embattled Btone tower at the west end; the latter is of bilinear work and has an octagonal corner turret. The win'! I the nave are mostly Rectilinear, but there are one or two of Norman cha r. The aisle on the south of the nave nail, n< tiding to the west end, and opells to tllC Have He pointed arch, and one ball' arch, with an octagonal pier. The chance] is '<■ rj neat, opening to the nave by a pointed arch with circular shaft - parti;, cut away. The chancel is divided iiilivh huts ''" . a e ited. 74 The Churches of Kent. from its south chapel by two pointed arches with an octagonal pier, and has on the north one lancet window and two square- headed Rectilinear ones, and an east window consisting of three lancets within a pointed arch springing from shafts with bell capitals ; in these are portions of early and very rich stained glass, like that at Canterbury. The south aisle is wholly Rectilinear, and has also some stained glass, and a wood screen. There is a little more screenwork. The font is octagonal, on a shaft of like form, each side enriched with a different pattern, chiefly Curvilinear tracery, the quatrefoil, and fleur-de-lys. WE ST WELL. ^ ST. MARY. This is a large and very interesting church, comprising a nave and chancel with side aisles, and at the west end a plain Early English tower surmounted by a shingled spire. The tower has no buttresses ; the belfry windows are trefoiled lancets, and on the west side is a lancet window and a doorway, each with fine mouldings, but without shafts. The whole church is Early English except some inserted windows, and contains many very singular as well as elaborate portions. The walls are of flint. The nave opens to the tower by a fine Early English arch with good mouldings, springing from small shafts resting on heads and having luxuriant foliated capitals. The nave is divided from each aisle by four well-formed pointed arches, with pillars alternately circular and octagonal. There is no clerestory ; the windows of the side aisles are mostly Curvilinear, some having square heads, others are lancets, and many contain very fine stained glass. The chancel has two arches on each side similar to those of the nave, and forming a complete continuation of them ; and the arches on both sides, especially on the south, have fallen out of the perpendicular. Between the nave and chancel is a curious stone screen, extending from one pillar to Westwell. 7 s the opposite one, and apparently coeval with the rest of the arches. This Bcreen consists of three arches, each of which is trefoiled, and Bprings from light cylindrical shafts ; in the spandrels arc circles, and the effect is very good. On the north side in a line with this screen is a turret with a staircase. The chancel is by far the richest and most elegant part of the church ; its roof has good stone groining of simple design : the ribs merely crossing each other, and springing from brackets. The east window has three equal lancets, tilled entirely with anci< id stained -lass of the richest colouring, exactly resembling that in the cathedral of Canterbury. Above this in the east gable, and opening into the space between the groining and the roof, are two lancets with a circle between their heads. On the south side of the altar are three stone stalls in a square compartment crowned by an embattled cornice; each has an ogee head, with panelled spandrels and circular shafts; one of them comes down much lower than the other two; beyond them is a cinquefoil niche, with a piscina ; eastward of which is another kind of stone Beat with a pointed arch, hut intercepted by an inserted window. In the east wall are two arched recesses, one opening by a double arch. On the north side of the altar are three pointed arches in the wall, and above them a single lancet window. The corresponding window on the south is Curvilinear. The windows at the east end of each aisle are Rectilinear of three lights; on each of that in the south aisle is a rich niche of the same period, with beautiful groining and tabernacle work, hut much mutilated. At the east end of the north aisle is a cinquefoiled niche. There are three slabs bearing ornamented crosses j one with Lombard i< mch obliterated. The font is enclosed in wood. The south porch is of wood of date and aot enriched ; the doorway opening to the interior has a label over it. 7 6 The Churches of Kent. LENHAM. ST. MARY. This church consists of a nave and chancel, each with a north aisle, and at the west end a Rectilinear embattled tower with an octagonal corner turret. There are several Curvilinear windows in the nave, of which the interior arches have shafts, some other windows are Rectilinear. The tower opens to the nave by a pointed arch with shafts having octagonal capitals, and the nave has four pointed arches opening to the aisle, the piers of which are octagonal. The chancel has on the south side some lancet windows with the heads cut off, and under them runs a string-course. Between the chancel and its aisle are two Early English arches with a square pier having shafts set in the angles. On the south side of the chancel is a curious stone seat with resting places for the arms, and its arched head is cinquefoiled ; there is also a square recess with a piscina. In the north wall of the chancel is a curious slab inserted, with the effigy of an ecclesiastic with the head upon a pillow, and divided into two compartments by a plain fillet. In the north aisle of the chancel is a panelled altar-tomb. There are several wood stalls in the chancel ; the pulpit has rich wood carving of a mixed character with arabesque, and a cornice of grapes with vine-leaves ; it is dated 1571. There is also a curious wooden desk or lectern of beautiful form, but simple character. The font is an octagon enclosed in wood ; the pedestal has good Curvilinear panelling. LINTON. ST. NICHOLAS. This is a small church, comprising a nave with a south aisle, a chancel with side chapels, and at the west end of the nave a plain embattled tower crowned by a shingled spire. The tower appears Early, but has a belfry-window of Curvilinear character. At Liu ton. j j the west end of the aisle is a plain lancet window; the northern windows of the nave are Rectilinear, those on the south are of richer tracery of the same period and have shafts to the inner mouldings. The nave is divided from the aisle by two pointed arches with an octagonal pillar. The chancel has pointed arches i ach side aisle, that on the north is of Tudor form. The • window is Rectilinear of three lights, those in the south chapel are of like character, and in that chapel is a wood screen. The north chapel is of much later date and has large monuments to the family of Mann, some of the last century, others of the oteenth century, in which the name is spelt Mayne. The font is a plain octagon. The south porch is plain. The church " stands very high and commands a magnificent view over the Weald. CEANBEOOK. ST. DUNSTAN. This is a large and beautiful church, 1-17 feet long by 72 feet broad, entirely of fine Rectilinear character, excepting a portion of the chancel. It consists of a nave (3G feet high) and chancel, each with side aisles, and a tower 94 feet high with a battlement and corner turret at the west end, resembling many of the yhbouring Bteepl< , This tower has a very good western doorway with deep mouldings and shafts within a kind of shallow porch. Above it is a window of four lights; those of the belfry are Bquare-headed. The whole of the exterior is liar and handsome : the nave has B clerestory, and the whole embattled except the centre aisle of the chancel. The windows are chiefly of three lights in the aisles and clerestory Of the nave, but those at the exl remit i«s of the aisles are of four and five li^'bt-. . id Ome iii tin- south chancel are of four lights. The dripstones of the windows rest upon corbels formed of ■ tored, and con iderablj i nlari ed, 78 The Churches of Kent. figures of angels bearing shields. There is a porch on the south side of the nave, with a battlement, a door with good mouldings and circular shafts, a single window over it, and two other small trefoiled windows in the sides of the porch. In the south chancel aisle is a doorway rising above the sill of the window ; the arch of Tudor form with a label, and trefoils in the spandrels. Above the label is a fine band of panelling, and in the arch moulding a half figure of an angel bearing a shield. In the north aisle of the nave is a small doorway set under a window, with panelled spandrels. In the north aisle between the nave and chancel is an embattled octagonal turret. The interior is very light and elegant; the nave is divided from each aisle by six arches of Tudor form, having good mouldings and lozenge piers with shafts at intervals and the mouldings carried down the intermediate spaces. Between each clerestory window is a shaft upon a corbel, whence it was intended that ribs of the groining should spring. The chancel is plainer and lower, and opens to each aisle by two more simple arches and of earlier date, with piers of four clustered shafts. The chancel extends beyond the side aisles and has a fine Rectilinear east window of five lights, entirely filled with ancient stained glass of the richest colouring. On the north and south sides of the altar are windows of four lights, the tracery of which appears to be rather of Curvilinear character. The ceiling is coved and painted in bad taste ; there is much modern wainscoting, a neat Grecian altar-piece, neat altar and marble pavement within the communion rails.* There are no galleries save one at the west end of the nave, in which is a fine organ. The tower contains a clock, a peal of eight bells and chimes. In the chancel is a slab charged with a cross flory and an inscription in Lombard characters not easily deciphered. * The modern wainscoting has been removed, with the Grecian altar-piece, and rearrangement of the interior undertaken, removing the pews and sulisti- tuting open seats. — H. Cranbrook. There are in the chancel Beveral helmets and banners of the family o\' Roberts of Glassenbury, to whom there are also some monnments. There is in the north aisle of the chancel an arched opening, in a pier, commanding the altar. The south chancel contains a slab with two figures in brass, one of which seems to be an ecclesiastic, the other a yomig child in Bwaddling clothes, between them a brass with a merchant's mark or monogram. There is in this aisle a third Blab with an inscription in Lombard characters; also two altar-tombs ol' Rectilinear character with panelled sides, one of them is set in the south-east angle, and over it is a plain niche. There is also a large monument of later date containing a complete pedigree of the family of Roberts. At the east end of this aisle is a plain vestry of Rectilinear character. In one of the windows is the pedestal of an image. On the south side of the nave is what is scarce to be found in any other church — a square baptistery of stone for the purpose of immersing such Baptists as desire to enter the com- munion of the church ; it was erected in 1725 by the Rev. John Johnson, Vicar, and resembles a bath with a descent of several Steps. Il is said only to have been used twice. HAWKHURST. ST. LA WRENCE. This is a large and handsome church,* consisting of a nave and chancel, each with side aisles of equal height and without ry. The church is said to have been built by an Abbot of Battle, temp. Edward III. The chancel is clearly a part of the original fabric. There are large north and south lies and at the \\e-4 end a square embattled tower, with an gonal cornet turret, of Rectilinear character ami resembling many of the neighbouri] pies. The whole of the church, • ■ | accurst nl "f the architecture "f this church, by the ; .mil in the •• Archseologia ( Santiana," m which the en -no in inserted are taken. II. GREAT EAST WINDOW OP HAWKHURST CHURCH. HAWKHURST CHURCH FROM THE SOUTH-EAST. IIAWKIH'KST CHURCH ; EAST END OF SOUTH CHANCEL. laaaa : _ ■ »" j^r^fflPSEr K08TH CHANl II 01 II \\\ Mini i | HURCH. 82 The Churches of Kent. including the porches, is embattled ; both porches are of two storeys, the northern one is placed further to the east than is usual ; the southern one has good plain groining and square- headed windows of Rectilinear character ; the outer doorway has good mouldings and small shafts ; it has also an octagonal turret. The windows of the nave are mostly Rectilinear of three lights ; the nave is divided from each aisle by four pointed arches with octagonal pillars, and by one high pointed arch from the tower ; the appearance of the interior of this part is much injured by the insertion of numerous unsightly galleries.* The chancel has two arches on each side, lower than those of the nave, being of a contracted form almost semicircular, and apparently of late date ; the piers are octagonal. The east end of the chancel is one of the finest pieces of architecture in the county. The centre window is a large and beautiful one of five lights with Curvilinear tracery of a rich and singular character ; above it in the apex of the gable is a circle not pierced, but with elegant feathering. Beneath the sill of the window is a small embattled building now unroofed, f which seems to have been a vestry and has had a door opening from behind the altar, now quite closed up ; it is lighted by cinquefoil openings. The east window has fine mouldings and shafts in the interior arch ; the side aisles have each an east window of four lights, and the north aisle has windows of three lights all with flat contracted arches, and tracery that has a late Curvilinear character, some of which contain portions of fine stained glass. In the south chancel the windows are mostly Rectilinear. There is an octagonal turret on the north side of the church in a line * These galleries have been removed. — R. t No roof had ever been placed upon this building until after Sir Stephen Glynne's visit. It was originally open to the sky, and there was no entrance to it from the church. The door-like traces in the east wall were examined carefully during the restoration of the church, and it was proved that the wall had never been pierced for a door. This little building was roofed in, and turned into a vestry in 1849 ; the construction of an entrance to it from the church was a work of great difficulty, well described by the vicar, Canon Jeffreys, in " Arclireologia Cantiana, " vol. ix. pp. 258 and 255. — R. Hollingbou rue. 8 3 with thf chancel arch. The font is a fine Rectilinear one, of octagonal form, panelled alternately with shields and roses; tho pedestal has bnttri as< - at the angles. HOLLINGBOURNE. ALL SAINTS. 1831. This is a tolerably good church, built principally of flints, and consisting of a nave with side aisles, and a chancel with north aisle, with a square tower at the west end of the nave, having a battlement, and square headed belfry windows, of Rectilinear character, but without buttresses. The church is chiefly Recti- linear, of which character are all its windows, except that at the east of the chancel, and that at the west end of the south aisle, which are Decorated, the first rather late and not good. Most of the other windows are of three lights, in the chancel of two, with varying hut not remarkable tracery. The nave has on each side three pointed arches with octagonal pillars. There is no chancel arch ; the north chapel appears to be nearly as late as the time of Elizabeth, and is chiefly remarkable for its embattled parapet, inlaid with courses of flint and stone, in a kind of checkered form, as is seen in Norfolk. This chapel is raised on Bteps, with a vault beneath, and contains a tomb of black and white marble, with rather a line figure of a female, to Elizabeth wife ut' Tho 8 . Culpeper, and d 1 . of John Cheney Esq 1 '., olA 1038. This chapel is surrounded by black marble monumental tablets, some inscribed in memory of the Culpepers, and above them this inscription : " I 1 '" Sancto e1 Misericord] Bint gratia? et gloria in mum. Allien." There is also a mural monument by Etysbrack to one of the Duppa family, good of its kind. The chancel also i- lull of marble monuments to Culpeper, and one, A.l>. L610, to oham. The font is octagonal, with a line wood COVer, and there is a handsome ancient pulpit of wood.* • I ■ embroidered velvet coverings, for the pulpit-desk and the communion* tabli '!"• Ladies Culpeper during the Commonwealth, and ;■■•! i;. .. ■■ 84 The Churches of Kent. BEARSTED. HOLY CROSS. This church has a nave with north aisle, and a chancel, and at the west end a square embattled tower of Rectilinear work, having an octagonal stair turret on the south, and figures of lions instead of pinnacles. The whole building is of stone. The nave is separated from the aisle by four pointed arches, of which the two eastern are much wider, and of rather contracted form. One pier is circular, and two are octagonal. The aisle does not extend quite to the west end. Most of the windows are Decorated of two lights, that at the east end has three lights and is of very early tracery, and contains some ancient stained glass. On the north side of the chancel is one of singular form. There are a few lancets also, and one trefoiled. South of the entrance to the chancel is the turret for the stairs to the rood loft. The font is a plain octagon. LEEDS. ST. NICHOLAS. 18?A. This church has a nave with aisles, a chancel with side chapels, and a remarkably massive low tower at the west end, crowned by a shingled spire. This tower is perhaps unrivalled in size, and is of very Early English character, with flat but- tresses, two plain lancets on the west side, and a tolerable door- way with arch mouldings, and the capitals of shafts remaining. (The roofs of the church are tiled, and the walls chiefly of stone.) Near the west doorway is a stoup, and the tower opens to the nave by a semi-circular arch. Most of the windows in the nave are Decorated of two lights ; in the chancel many are Rectilinear. The nave is divided from each aisle by three pointed arches on octagonal pillars. The chancel opens to its south chapel by a very obtuse arch, to the north chapel by a pointed arch. The roof of the chancel is of plain ribs. There is a Leeds. 85 wood screen across the body, and aisles at the entrance to the chancel, and one also in the north chapel. On the south sido of the altar are throe Bedilia, divided by buttresses, and sur- mounted by a horizontal cornice. The east window has been modernized. In the north pier of the chancel is a small aperture filled with pierced panelling, in the north chapel is also a plain niche with piscina. The font is a plain octagon. OTHAM. ST. NICHOLAS. This church consists of a nave with north aisle, a chanced with north chapel, and a tower on the south side; the latter is of plain Early English work, with small narrow and obtuse apertures, and a stair turret ; it is crowned by a wooden spire. Most of the windows are square-headed with Decorated tracery, but Mime are modern.* In the chancel they are Perpendicular. A north doorway is fine Perpendicular, its arch has good mould- ings and shafts, the spandrels are filled with quatrefoils, and above is ;i course of elegant panelling, the whole included within ;i square compartment. The aisle is very narrow, and has one large pointed arch opening to the nave and another to the chancel on octagonal pillars. The font is octagonal upon a shaft <>f like form, beneath the basin are heads of animals and oilier ornaments. There are two monumental slabs of marble into the east wall, one to Bishop Home. MARDEN. 8T. MICH. 1/:/. This church consists of a western tower, a nave, and chancel, with ride aisleA and a south porch. The tower in its lower K.trlv English, with a plain lancet, and a projecting turret at the QOrth-West, hut the hill'ry-storev is of wood with a • Otham Cborcfa wae nicely restored in i ^ 7 ■" * . 86 The Churches of Kent. pointed top. The south porch is large, with a parvise over it, and an octagonal stair turret at the north-west corner. The outer arch has mouldings springing straight from the wall ; the inner doorway has shafts. The parvise is lighted hy a trefoil lancet. The south aisle has a moulded parapet, the north has none ; there is no clerestory, but the roof of the nave is light and tiled, covering the side aisles. The aisles of the chancel have separate tiled roofs. The prevailing features are Decorated and Perpen- dicular. The nave is divided from each aisle by three pointed arches ; those on the south have fine mouldings with dripstones upon heads and half figures ; the piers are octagonal, one having a foliated, the other a moulded, capital. The northern arches are plainer, but large ; the piers alternately octagonal and circular, the responds half octagonal piers. The roof is of waggon form, boarded, with ugly tie beams and king-posts. In the north arch are two very elegant Decorated windows of three lights with varying tracery, and at the west end of it one of two lights, in which are portions of stained glass. The windows of the south aisle have been vilely mutilated, and some dormer ones inserted in the roof. There are ugly deal high pews, and a west gallery with a barrel organ. The chancel arch is plain and pointed, rising on impost mouldings. The north aisle opens to that of the nave by a pointed arch on half octagonal capitals ; the southern by a pointed arch on corbels. The chancel to each aisle by two pointed arches on octagonal pillars, lower than those of the nave. The north chapel has good Perpendicular windows of two lights, and the eastern of three ; part of this chapel is used as a vestry. The chancel roof resembles that of the nave. The east windows of the chancel and of the south chancel are both bad modern works. The north pillar of the chancel is more finished than the southern. The south chapel is narrower, in its south wall is the remnant of a monumental arch with feathering and mutilated canopy. In the south wall of the chancel beyond the aisle, is a trefoil lancet with dripstone and corbel, closed up. The pulpit is ugly. The font, now in the Staplchurst. 87 north aisle of the chancel, is a plain octagon, painted In-own on a Btem of like shape, with a good cover of wood of the seventeenth century. STAPLEHURST. ALL 8AINT8. This church has a west tower, a nave and a chancel, each with •nth aisle. There are portions of the three later styles; the tower is Perpendicular embattled, with a turret all up the south Bide ft' square form, terminating in an octagon ; the belfry window is s rather an interesting church, externally resembling many of the other Kentish churches, but having several remark- able features. It consists of a west tower, a nave with side aisles, BOUth porch and chancel with chapels to the north and south, the former not now open to the chancel. The tower of K< •!.• one is good Perpendicular, with an embattled parapel and or turret, projecting along the whole of the south Bide, and rising above the parap< t. The west doorway has a label and quatrefoiled circles in the spandrels ; above it is a three-licrht window. The belfry windows are double and square- 90 The Churches of Kent. headed. The walls of the body and chancel are mostly of flints. The aisles are embattled. There are octagonal turrets with staircases both in the north and south aisle towards the east. The chancel has a tiled roof. The porch has a timber roof ; the south doorway, has good arch mouldings. Most of the windows in the side aisles are late and square-headed. The roof of the nave has the usual plain tie beam and king-posts ; the ceiling of the aisles is modern. The nave is divided from each aisle by three wide pointed arches upon octagonal columns with moulded capitals. One of the northern columns has a very high base, and to it is attached the font, which is an early one, in form a circular cup with the band of cable moulding upon a circular shaft having two courses of chevron work, and set on a raised square base. The tower arch is lofty, and springs from circular shafts with octagonal capitals. The chancel arch is pointed, springing from the wall without shafts. At the east end of the north aisle is a portion of an earlier building, ranging partly beyond the chancel arch, and now separated and enclosed as a vestry in its lower part ; but what is particularly remarkable is that it has an upper storey above the vestry rising almost into a tower. The lower part has Norman features, and there is half of a semicircular arch in chalk in the wall, dividing it from the chancel, which is strengthened with large buttresses. The arch which divides it from the north aisle of the nave is of stone, vaulted with strong ribs which is rather remarkable, and the roof is groined in stone, with plain but bold crossing ribs without any boss ; but on the west side springing from shafts. The upper part includes a chamber with a fireplace, and is approached by the staircase in the north turret, having also a small door opening on one side of the chancel arch, which must have led to the roodloft. Whether this was a priest's room, or not, it is difficult to say, but it probably was so. It is evidently of later date than the storey below, and is built of different stone, and covered with a pointed tiled roof, the external appearance of which is very strange. Harriet sJuvjl q i Within the chancel arch is a good Perpendicular wood-screen, with five bays on each side. Above the chancel arch is a circu- lar window now closed. The- chancel has a good cast window of three unequal Early English lancets, partly hidden by a modern reredos. On the north side of the chancel is one lancet much splayed, and one Perpendicular Bquare-headed window of three lights inserted and containing some stained glass. The original Early English string course runs below the windows on both sides. The south aisle is divided from the chancel by two plain ugly pointed arches without mouldings, having a square pier chamfered at the angles, with moulded capital. The south windows are late Perpendicular hut the eastern one is Decorated of two lights, closed, however, by a monument. In this chapel are tombs of the Stedes ; one is under a depressed arch, Hanked by pinnacles, and sur- mounted by an ogee canopy with trefoil between the canopy and the arch. There is also an altar tomh to Sir William Stede, oht. 1574 ; and there is a late brass to Susan, wife of Edward Parthe- riche, who died 1603, with figures of two daughters, one in swaddling clothes, and one son. There are in the chancel some ■ r faded encaustic tiles, and the trace of a brass now gone. 'I he tiles abound in the steps of the altar and within the rails. There IS good woodwork in the door of the stair turret on the uth. SEVINGTON. .-/'. MARY. 1843. This small church has a west tower crowned by a shingled with small south aisle and south porch, and a . with chapel to the south of it. The tower is low and with very small apertures and a single nthe ide j the buttresses small; the spire heavy and I.I.. I be walls are chiefly of stone, hut mixed with ud plaster. The south doorway has a plainly moulded arch. Tin nave low aisle by two rathor rude 92 The Churches of Kent. pointed arches; the western arch is very wide and straight-sided, upon impost mouldings ; between the arches is a very con- siderable interval of stone wall. The tower arch is pointed, and to the chancel there is none. On the north side is one lancet and one labelled Perpendicular window of two lights ; also one two-light Perpendicular window is set high up and beneath it there is an arch in the wall. The chancel has an east window of two lancets, which have the interior arches moulded and springing from corbels. On the north side of the chancel are some wide single lancets much splayed. The south chapel is loftier than the chancel and is evidently a later addition ; in the wall between the chancel and the chapel is a low moulded arch of good form, beneath which there was probably a tomb, the wall of the chapel encroaching a little upon it. The windows of the south chapel are Late and square-headed ; in its south wall is a square recess and an appearance of a piscina, also two brackets. The roof of this chapel is open. There are several prints of monumental brasses now gone, one in the chancel was of large size. The porch is mostly of wood. The font is an octagonal basin upon five shafts without capitals, the central one being the smallest, and the whole on an octagonal basement. NEWINGTON (by Hythe). ST. NICHOLAS. This church is homely in its external appearance, and consists of a nave and chancel, with a north aisle to each, with a wooden belfry over the west end of the nave. On the south side of the nave is one lancet, and some Perpendicular windows. The north aisle has two very narrow lancets now closed. The nave is divided from the north aisle by three very plain pointed arches set at rather wide intervals, the piers being large and plain, with Hat faces and merely an impost moulding. The aisle itself is very narrow and low. The chancel arch is semicircular, rising from impost mouldings. In one of the arches of the nave a Newington by Hythe. gallery pew is inserted for the family of Brockman. The chancel is neat within : it has two trefoil lancets on the south side, and at the cast end two lancets, now closed up by the insertion of a modern reredos. The north chapel of the chancel has an easi window, which seems to be a had imitation of Decorated tracery. This chapel opens to the chancel by a plain pointed arch upon imposts, and bo the aisle by a three-quarter arch. On its north side are two lancet windows. The east end of the chapel is raised for an altar. Tn it is a brass representing a man wrapt in a shroud, a woman, and a group of three children below. The legend "Hicjacet Thomas Chyltou qui obiit X° die Augusti A" dni M"Y primo, ac pro bono statu Thomasine uxoris cius." Other brasses in the nave commemorate some of the family of Brockman. One with figures of three women and one man has this Legend, " Pray for the soules of Eychard Kynge, Alys, Johaii, and Kateryn his wyfs, the whyche Rychard decessed the first day of September in the yere of our lord God M°V C XXV. on whose soules Jhii have m< icy. Amen." One of later date has figures in good costume of a man and woman, groups of live daughters and two sons, and armorial bearings, with this Legend, " Here lyeth Benry Brokemau of Bechbrough esquire, Lord of this manor, who departed this mortal! life upon the XXVII of March. 1630." There is another half figure of a lady in hrass. The font is octagonal, entirely cased in wood, hut the cover is ant with beautiful wooden tabernacle work. LYMINGE. V \l;Y AND ST. EADBURQ l. This church consists of a wesl tower, nave with north aisle. chancel, and a south porch. The mat< rial is a mixture of flints and stone, and the whole appears to he Perpendicular. The • i 'Manual mental Bra ," p. 118, says of. this" circa 1480 "ii I i l,ai of a i icar, John ' llerk, n bo died in 1501. i; 94 The Churches of Kent. tower is low and massive, with large buttresses, an embattled parapet, and a pointed roof of wood. On the north side a very large octagonal turret. The belfry windows of two lights. On the west side a good doorway with shafts and spandrels panelled with shields. The south porch is of wood framework, open at the sides. The parapets of the church have plain mouldings, and the roof is of lead. At the south-east angle of the chancel is a curious large flying buttress, as at Rye, without any apparent use. The tower opens to the nave by a fine moulded arch upon shafts, much hidden by an ugly singing gallery. The nave is divided from the aisle by three well-formed Tudor arches, having good mouldings continued down the piers, which are attached shafts with octagonal capitals. The windows are in the nave, chiefly square-headed, and some have lost their tracery. The east window is of three lights, and has the Archiepiscopal arms in stained glass. The chancel arch is very wide, with good mouldings and without shafts. The roof of both nave and chancel is open, with tie beams and king-posts. In the south wall of the nave, near the chancel arch, is a small arched recess, and over the porch is a small window, now closed, which may perhaps have opened into it. In the east wall of the north aisle is a stone bracket. There are some bits of ancient carved stalls, but the church is for the most part obstructed by high pews. The font is modern. 18G2. The church of Lyminge is now in a far more satisfactory and interesting condition than formerly. The interior has been cleared, the gallery taken down, and the pews replaced by open seats. There has been much scraping of the walls both within and without which has made the discovery that the masonry on the south of the nave is wholly of a very early character, like what is often called Saxon, with much mixture of ancient bricks. On the south side near to the chancel arch is, high in the wall, a straight-sided small window turned in brick, also one with Lyminfre. semicircular arch likewise burned in brick, and above it a square- headed opening Bet obliquely. 'l'lu' chance] is probably wholly of Early work, and has much early brick work in its walls. Early round-headed windows turned in brick have been discovered north and south, hut some of the masonry externally is later. There arc sonic curious horizontal courses in brick. On the north of the chancel appears a rude arch, open to the interior hut closed externally. There is an organ in the north aisle and six hells. On the south side near to the church wall recent excavations have brought to light the foundations of a small building of very early character, with apsidal east termination, probably a chapel, hut there is much difference of opinion as to what it was. The church is probably huilt of the materials of a Roman villa. The north aisle is a late Perpendicular addition. The tower is Perpendicular, and in the spandrels of the west door appear the arms of Archbishop Courtenay. ELHAM. sr. MART. This is rather a good church, consisting of a west tower, with a timber Bpire, Leaded, a nave with side aisles, north porch,* and a large chancel. The walls are chiefly of rou^h Hints. The tower is Early English and massive, divided into three with large buttresses and an embattled parapet. There are double lancets in the belfry Btorey, and a Bingle one in the below it. < Mi the west side a doorway with continuous arch mouldings and dripstone returned, over which is a three- light window, the trae. rv of which is a transition from Decorated to Perpendicular. At tin- north-easl angle of the tower Is a polygonal turret. The parapets of the body are without battle- ment, the na a el. restory, which is \eiy uncommon in K' nt. Throughout, the church 18 a mixture of h.arh English, • • rbc nortl frequently need, but there is a sooth porch also. I;. 9 6 The Churches of. Kent. Decorated and Perpendicular styles, except in the chancel, where are two Early English lancets on the south side. The nave is divided from each aisle hy four pointed arches, with plain soffits, but tolerably good outer mouldings, springing from plain square piers having horizontal impost mouldings. The clere- ST. MARYS CHURCH, ELHAM. story windows are square-headed, with two lights and labels. The west window of each aisle is a -trefoiled lancet. The other windows on the north aisle are mostly Decorated, of two lights ; of the south aisle Perpendicular, with depressed arches. The roof of the side aisles has the beams forming an arch, with spandrels resting on head corbels set against the piers of the nave. The chancel arch is pointed, and a similar arch, upon half octagonal shafts, opens from the chancel to the north chapel. The chancel has a high tiled roof; on the south side a square-headed window of two light seems to be Decorated. There is one lancet window also on the south side, continued down very low, and two others nearer the east end. The east window is Perpendicular, of five lights, with transom ] hick land (by Dover). and depressed arch. The north chapel of the chancel has v.-rv late square-headed windows. In the north wall of the chance] beyond the aisle appears a pointed arch in the wall, and a shallow kind of stall. The west end of the south aisle is enclosed and contains a small library. The font is octagonal and ra-t d in WOOd.* BUCKLAND (by Dover). ST. ANDREW. This small church has a nave, north aisle, and chancel with south aisle, a smith porch, and a wooden belfry over the iid. The walls of rude flints contain a good deal of curious work of good character. The roof is tiled. At the ■ nd of the nave are three lancets, over which an arch is thrown from one buttress to another. To the south of this, in the west front, is a single lancet, and at the west end of the north aisle, a small Norman window closed. The aisle of the nave is very narrow; there are some small lancet windows and Borne modern ones on hoth sides of the nave. The aisle is divided from the nave by three plain Early English arches, of which is circular, the piers octagonal with invected pitals. The chancel arch is pointed with Early English mould nd springs from half shafts of octagonal form. 'I he chancel has a south aisle or chapel from which it is divided by two yery dissimilar arches that seem to have been I in the original wall. The chapel was prohablj added in the fourteenth century, a- it has windows of Decorated character which ha\e lately lum restored. The western arch ing \> i\ low. its mouldings are fine and real on corbel a dripstone over it is continued in the wall and stopped he other arch. The eastern arch is of very differenl shape, emored :.n• a 98 The Churches of Kent having its spring very high upon half octagonal shafts ; in this arch is a low stone partition wherein there seems to have been a stall or sedile ; in the space eastward of this arch is a moulded niche trefoiled, having a dripstone and containing a shelf and piscina ; also another arched recess walled up. The east window is Decorated and on the north of the chancel is a low side trefoil lancet. The south chapel is included under the same roof as the chancel. In the north wall is a square aumbry.* The situation is pleasing and the churchyard beneath a chalk hill is planted with shrubs and evergreens. EAST LAK"GDOK". ST. AUGUSTINE. This small church of unprepossessing exterior consists of a nave with south aisle, north porch and chancel, with a small steeple surmounted by wooden belfry at the west end. The walls are as usual of rough flints and the roof tiled. The aisle extends along part of the chancel, but is very narrow. It was separated from the nave originally by two rude Early English arches having entirely plain soffits, but these two have of late been thrown into one by removing the central pier for the sake of giving more room ; the responds are half circular shafts having square capitals invected. The chancel arch is a very curious Norman one, having the impost moulding enriched with a kind of chain ornament and shafts inserted in the angles, some parts of the work have unluckily been cut away, and the whole clogged both with lampblack and whitewash. North of the chancel arch is a rude small arch, perhaps a hagioscope. The south porch is of brick, apparently of the seventeenth century ; within it is a narrow doorway, perhaps originally Norman, but altered. Most of the windows in the south aisle are modern and wretched. The chancel opens to the aisle by a plain round * The church lias been well restored. — II. East Langdon. 99 arch with modern keystone. The east window is Perpendicular of two lights. On the north side is an acnto trefoil lancet. On the south land nearer to the east end) a more obtuse one, 1 which is a rude obtuse-headed recess in the wall, perhaps a ir. dence, being set too high for a sedile. Opposite to it on the north side is an oblong recess in the wall, rather shallow, which perhaps was an aumbry. The font has an octagonal howl, moulded and contracting towards the base which is surrounded by a band of foliage, the shaft octagonal and plain. The pulpit cloth is a remarkable feature in this chinch, it semis to a part of the priests' vestments, and is of crimson velvet richly embroidered with a representation of the Annunciation of tin' Virgin Mary with the lily pot and scrolls, and other eleganl devices and cyphers. The scrolls are inscribed: "Ave \ L5 ft. li> in. id. The tower is an a ction of Hint and brick. The walls of the church an- chiefly of Hints with some Btones inter* the most part BtUCCOed. The porch is plain. The divided from th by three pointed arches springing inal pillars, the ea tern respond being a square imp< The chancel arch be Early English, with no Boflfit mould ing on plain imposts. The windows of the nave and Perpendicular with square heads; but there ioo The Churches of Kent. is one rather large lancet near the pulpit on the south side ; also a small obtuse one on the same side and one at the west end of the north aisle. The chancel has three lancet windows on each side, whereof the two western are trefoiled, the eastern ones wider. On the south of the altar are two unequal sedilia, the western one with plain pointed arch, the eastern with rudely formed trefoil head, and between them an octagonal pier with moulded capital. The east window is Perpendicular lately restored. The pews are as usual high and ugly, and there is a west gallery with a barrel organ.* The font is a small octagonal bowl on a large base, which does not seem originally to belong to it. In the nave are three brasses : (1) A legend half broken without a figure and clearly of Protestant period : — " Here lieth Elizabeth, wyffe of Robert .... unt, who lyved vertuously, and dyed in chyldbed, very godly, y e xx of September, 1589." "f" (2) Three figures of which one is entirely gone ; one man remains in good preservation, and of the lady only half, and there is a group of five children. I Legend: — " Of your charyte pray for the soulles of Will 111 Abere, Alys, and Anne hys wyfes, which Willrn decessed the x day of October the yere of our lord thousand ccccc et v. On whose soullis Jriu have mercy. Amen." (3) A small and rather coarsely executed figure with this legend : — " Of your charitye pray for the sowle of John Upton w ch dyed the yere of our Lord m°. v c . xxx." In the north aisle is a slab § on which is a plain cross. The walls are inscribed with several texts mostly in lozenge compartments. * This church has been restored and reseated. — H. + " On a brass plate, under three figures in brass, out of the mouth of the middlemost of which proceeds a label or scroll, with this sentence : ' Jriu Merci, Lady help,' and under them a group of five small figures, all fixed to a flat stone." Bryan-Faussett's Collecta. — H. % Bryan-Faussett's Collecta. — H. § " Very ancient. " Bryan-Faussett's Collecta. — H. Deal. 101 DEAL. ST. LEONARD. The parish church in Upper Deal has undergone many injudicious and tasteless alterations. There is an ugly west tower of brick built in 1684 ; a large modern addition has been made on the north side of the nave, not one original window remain-,, and but very little of the ancient tlint walls. The nave is divided from each aisle by three obtusely pointed arches, springing from circular columns with square capitals and invected moulding. The responds have rude foliage. These pillars are hideously painted in imitation of marble. The chancel arch is pointed and very plain. There are numerous galleri< - and a most horrible gallery pew erected between the • and chancel. In the northern added wing is the organ. The chancel still retains Borne interesting ancient features. On the south side are two ascending sedilia, the western of width is pointed with excellent mouldings, the eastern trefoiled also with tine mouldings ; the shafts are detached, of marble, with moulded capital-. Eastward of these is a curious piscina ath a pointed niche, funned by what resembles a Norman cushion capital upon an octagonal shaft, which is moulded with chevron work, the basin itself is square and sloping to the orifice. In the north wall of the chancel is an arched r< either for a credence or an aumbry. At the east end of the south aisle □ marble tablel inlaid with the brass figure i knighl ing at a desk, with an inscription : — '"Thomas ■a to John Boys of Fredfield in the parish of 'i . . . . Captain of Deale Castle, made so h\ I \l. 1551 ; buried Februan l:'>. L562, whose sowle teth with God." i grave beare 'led doth lye ■ h to liiin lie -liall nevei dye." •II I Th< fonl is modern and ugh . 102 The Churches of Kent. J?^^ •/?&:%.<-2- NORTHBOURNE. /'?<{- S^ ST. AUGUSTINE. This is an interesting cruciform church without aisles, and anting Borne excellent specimens of Norman and Early English work, often mixed together in a curious manner. The r is in the centre, and surmounted by a pointed roof of tiles. The roofs of every part of the church are high pitched and tiled, ami the gables high. The belfry windows are small single The materials are chiefly rough Hints, with some admixture of stone : part of the south side of the nave has been rebuilt, and has buttresses of brick. The west window is a siii'de lancet. On the north side of the nave are two Norman window high in the wall, and one of Early English character. On the south side is one Norman window placed in the Bame manner, hut partly destroyed by the modern wall. At the i ftd is a pointed doorway with hood moulding. The north dour, which is closed, is early Norman, without mouldings hafts, having a horizontal stone transom; the south door. ilar in shape, i included within an arch with chevron mouldings ami shai't.s. The east end has a high gable, two .\indov above the other, and a moulded circle r the point. The i - upon four arches opening to the pts, and chancel. The \ a arch is pointed, soffit, and the outer moulding chevroned upon an ini! the inmr moulding has shafts at the angles with The three other arches of the tower are semi ir, with cylindrical mouldings, ami shafts. In all bl • in- .if Lot 1' I'lte end oi 104 The Churches of Kent. north transept has two plain lancets, on the east side one. The south transept end has a double lancet within a general arch and a dripstone ; in the apex a lozenge. On the east side of this transept are lancets. The nave is fitted up with deal pews, hut the avenue in the centre is tolerably wide. The chancel has three lancet windows on each side, which are surmounted internally by trefoil rude openings in the thickness of the wall. Of the two lancets at the east end the lowest is long, the upper one is smaller and obtuse. In the east wall is a pointed Early English arch, with foliated capitals of shafts, which have disap- peared. This looks like a communication with a sanctum now destroyed. On the south side of the chancel is a wide flattish arch, which perhaps may have been a sedile sufficient for three priests, but undivided. Eastward of this is a curious straight- sided arch upon shafts, much clogged with whitewash, within which is a small, round-headed recess. The font is octagonal and modern Gothic. The tower contains five bells. The walls are inscribed with texts. EASTRY. ST. MA BY. foly/tPf.&ff. A large and handsome church, presenting a beautiful specimen of nearly unmixed Early English style, in some points singular. It consists of a large west tower, a long nave with side aisles, and a spacious chancel. There are also chapels adjoining the tower on the north and south. The walls are chiefly of rough flints, but some stone is intermixed, in the tower ; the parapets of the body and chancel are plain, and in some part repaired with brick. The tower is of considerable size, and has a curious mixture of Norman and Early English work. The west door is Norman, and rather small ; the moulding has the cylinder, the shafts cushion capitals and abacus. There is a horizontal stone transom above the door, and the tympanum filled with stone- work in form of hollowed squares, Above this door is a hori- Eastry. 105 zontal moulding with three corbels. The middle story on the Bide has three lancet windows, set within elegant arches with trefoil feathering, and shafts having moulded capitals : in the intermediate spaces of the arches are heads, rather an uncommon feature : the buttresses are Hat faced ; the belfry windows single lancets; the parapet plain, with a corbel table below it. One of the tower buttresses was originally pierced by an arch ; the stages of the tower are unequally divided by string courses. Near the tower door is a benatura. The small chapels north and south of the tower are more like sheds, and closed up. They are divided from the tower by pointed arches pierced in the solid masonry, and from the aisles by ball' arches upon clustered shafts. The tower opens to the nave by a pointed arch rising from half columns upon large bases. In the north-east angle, within the tower, is the termination of a staircase on a curious kind of bracket, having two moulded corbel tables, and ending in a strongly formed trefoil arch, with good mouldings. The nave is wide, but the aisles rather narrow, the interior solemn and grand. The nave has on each side live rather plain Early English arches, with simple soffits and hood mouldings; the • in arch on each side very narrow ; the piers are all circular, with moulded capitals and bases, except the second from the west end on the south side, which is octagonal, and has a kind of four-leaved flower on the capital. The eastern responds are moulded circular brackets, the western are shafts. The clere- story has a single lancet window in each compartment; those uext the west end arc trefoiled on the south side, as arc all on the north side; the dripstone is continued. The windows of tb.' side aisles are chiefly Early Decorated, of three trefoiled lights within a rather depressed arch. Some of them have been mutilated. At the east end of the aisles are Perpendicular Bquare-headed windows; that of the south aisle lias in the jamb a little eleganl panelled bracket, tor a statue, Burmounted by a II battlemented cornice. There is also a small niche and ml <>!' the same aisle. The chancel arch 1- io6 The Churches of Kent. moulded, and rises on octagonal brackets brought to a point, the southern having a piece of foliage ; and on each side of this arch, facing the nave, is a small, square bracket, ending in curling foliage. In the spandrels of this arch, facing the nave, are two pierced quatrefoils, and corresponding with them on the it east side two moulded trefoil arches — a very curious arrangement. The chancel has on each side five lancet windows, with dripstones returned and continued, and string underneath ; but those on the south are shockingly encroached on by modern monuments. The most eastern window on the south is set higher, has a flattened hood moulding, and is divided into two lights of Early Decorated character. There is modern wainscoting at the east end of the chancel,* so that it cannot be seen whether there are sedilia. There is a priest's door on the south, the string going over it in a depressed arch. The northern lancets are free from encroachment. In the north wall, near the altar, is an elegant moulded arch, which seems to have been once divided in two by a central shaft, and has tracery in the head, in which are the heads of two pointed arches, and a vesica piscis between them. This seems to have been an aumbry, and is both singular and elegant, but much clogged with whitewash. There are prints of several brasses now gone. One that remains has figures of a knight and lady, ' ' Thomas Nevynson of Estry ob l 1590, Provost Marshall and Scout Master of ye Est parts of Kent, and Ann his wife, daughter of Kychard Tebolde, Esquier." There are texts on the walls. The font is an octa- gonal bowl with shields and roses, and a moulded band below it with square flowers. The shaft octagonal on a plinth of like form. The south porch is ugly. The east window of the chancel had originally three lancets, but the central one has been altered into a square-headed light with late tracery. The east gable is high. The chancel, finely mantled with ivy, is 46 ft. 3 in. long, by 16 ft. wide. The total length of the nave (81 feet) and tower space is 101 ft. 10 in. * The church lias been restored, whitewash removed. &c. — H. Clinn^ Ttt^. Ojul sftirttu Au^y . Staple. 10; STAPLE. ST. JAMES. This church has a west tower, a nave with north aisle and chancel, the aisle not beginning quite at the west, hut continued along part of the chancel. There is a mixture of Decorated and Perpendicular work, hut none earlier. The walls are all of ilint and the exterior is plain. Within the south porch is a pointed door with small shafts. The north aisle has a moulded parapet, the rest has none hut tiled roofs. The tower nbattled and plain, rather of small size; tin' vest door has arch mouldings and small shafts ; the buttress not carried up high ; the belfry windows are small and single. The tower arch to the nave is pointed and plain, hut there is in the wall a trace of a Norman capital, the remains of an earlier building. There are four hells. The interior is not inelegant though plain, hut far too glaring from coarse whitewash.* The roof has tie beams on foliated spandrels and king-posts. Many of the original open ^eats are perceptible, hut on some of them modern pews have D . salted. There are three pointed arches of Perpendicular character opening to the north aisle, with good piers of lozenge form having four shafts and mouldings. The nave seems rather of transition character from Decorated to Perpendicular ; the southern windows of two and three lights Lave odd tracery of that sort. On the north are some square-headed windows of three lights. There is no chancel arch, and the chancel is nearly as long as the nave. The east window is large, of live lights, each trefoiled within a large general arch ; the style is Decorated and rather early : the dripstone rests on head corhels. The side windows of tli,. chancel are Decorated of two lights, in many of which are of line painted On the south side of the chancel is ;i trefoil niche with drain, and in the south wall iu;m n tored ; wl removed, and open i al II io8 The Churches of Kent. the entrance to the chancel is an odd arched recess. The chancel opens to the north chapel by a plain and low pointed arch ; this chapel, belonging to the Lynches, was fitted up and adorned in the bad style of the end of the sixteenth century ; the roof of painted stucco, and the east window bad. There are several ugly modern monuments, a brass of a merchant, and prints of two other brasses, one with one figure, another with three. Between the north aisle and this chapel is a wooden screen of Perpendicular character. The font is perhaps the most conspicuous feature in this church, the bowl octagonal of large size, enriched with figures of angels bearing shields containing the cross and emblems of the Passion, the insignia of four Evangelists with inscribed scrolls, also a representation of the Trinity, the Three Divine Persons being all signified. The lower part of the bowl has monsters with extended wings and a flowered band ; the shaft is sur- rounded by grotesque beasts, both large and small, and elevated on two high octagonal steps. The style is probably Perpen- dicular. WIKTGHAM. ST. MARY. hcfy.sSP/.X.a.s;. This church is spacious, comprising a west tower with wooden spire, a nave with south aisle, a chancel with both north and south aisles ; the latter, however, is divided off and used as a school, by which means it has experienced much ill-treatment.* The walls are of flints with admixture of stone. The south porch is embattled, of two heights, but without floors ; the walls on the north are of rougher material than those on the south. The tower is embattled, with buttresses not at the angles, and an octagonal turret at the north-west ; the belfry window is of two * The church has been thoroughly restored throughout. — H. Wingham, rog lights; the west window is Perpendicular of three lights, below it is a moulded doorway. The spire is leaded and of pretty 1 proportion. The roofs are tiled, and separate in each portion of the church. The church has both Decorated and dicular features. The length is considerable; hut the arches which at present divide the nave from the south aisle are quite modern. The tower arch is pointed, rising from half octagonal columns, having the four-leafed flower in the capitals. The windows in the nave are plain Perpendicular of three lights. The chance] arch is pointed, rising from shafts with moulded capitals which appear to he Early English. The roof is plain, in the style very common in Kent. There is some stained glass in one of the southern windows of the nave inscribed " Edwarde Warham Gentell of niiiL this wyndowe .... A " The chancel and its aisles ai\' chiefly Decorated, of which style they contain fine specimens, especially the windows. On the south side are two \ iv fine windows of three lights with most elegant geometrical tracery. The east window is closed, hut appears to have had Inally three lancets. The chancel is long, extending beyond tin- side chapels, and is approached from the nave by a wood en of the style of the 17th century with twisted columns. In the chancel are all the original stalls in good preservation with misereres. There are three steps to the altar. Between the chancel and the north chapel is a very tine arch having mely deep mouldings of Early Decorated character spring- iruiu clustered shafts, having well moulded capitals, hut not hing all down the pier, and each terminating in a kind of point. The corresponding arch on the south is similar, and there is also a pointed and moulded door 011 each side. The space enclosed for the altar is very large : the east window is hidden by aii ugly modern reredos ; and on the north side within the rails i- ;i huge monument to one of the Palmer family, 1<*>"27. The south chapel belongs to the Oxenden fainilv, and opens to the south aisle of the na\e hv a narrow 1 10 The CJmrches of Kent. pointed arch. It has a superb Decorated window on the south side of five lights, the interior arch of which is beautifully moulded, rising from shafts with foliated capitals. The east window is of three lights, resembling those of the chancel, but curiously set in a kind of bay or recess. It has shafts, as also have those of the chancel. In the Oxenden chapel is a vast pagan monument of marble of pyramidal form, with Cupids, &c, 1696. In the south wall of the nave is a flat arch partly hidden, under which there must have been a tomb. There are several texts inscribed on the walls ; a seraphine in the chancel is played by the incumbent's lady. The north chapel, now used as a school is, as might be expected, in a wretchedly dirty and mutilated state. The font is an ugly modern one. There are the traces of several brasses in the chancel, all unhappily destroyed, but they must have been of large size and rare beauty. ST. STEPHEN'S (near Canterbury). This church is cruciform but without aisles, and has at the w r cst end a very massive but low tower with tiled penthouse roof surmounted by a short wooden spire. The lower parts of this steeple are Norman, verging to the next style. On the west side is a very fine doorway slightly pointed, but with Norman ornaments ; two courses of double chevrons and two shafts on each side, the capitals and bases of which present much variety of moulding, the billet, cable, rude foliage, and cushion, the shafts all set on square plinths. On the south side of the tower is a Norman window ; those of the belfry are square-headed and late Perpendicular. There is a Perpendicular south porch, within which is a fine Norman doorway, the shafts have cushion capitals, with abacus and horizontal band above the door-case ; the head of the arch is moulded with the hollowed squares. The tower is so wide as to equal the breadth Haekingtotii alias 5"/. Stephen's. 1 1 1 of the nave. On each side of the nave are some lancet windows, a few obtuse. There is a plain round arch opening to the south transept, an obtuse one to the north transept, and a pointed one to the chancel with mouldings and shafts. In the south transept is a Decorated window of two lights, and one lancet closed. The north transept has a curious Decorated window of three lights, without dripstone, the upper part having three spherical triangles trefoiled, its east window is late and had Per- pendicular. The chancel has a Perpendicular east window, with good tracery, of live lights ; the windows on the sides of the chancel are of two lights with very elegant tracery, of a transi- tion character from Decorated to Perpendicular, the heads con- taining four quatrefoiled circles, and vertical lines rising from the apex of each light which is trefoiled. The interior arch of each of these windows is moulded and springs from shafts with moulded capitals. There is in them a little painted glass. The roofs are tiled. HAWKINGE, ST. MICHAEL. A small mean church consisting only of nave and chancel with south porch, and a wooden cage for a bell over the west end. The walls of rough Hints, the roofs tiled. At the west end is a door with obtuse arch, now closed. The porch has a ruinous wood roof. There is a descent of three st( ps from the entrance into the church, and the interior is dirty and out of condition. At the west end is an obtuse lancet, now closed. There are some small lancet windows on the south, of the plainest character, and two with plain trefoil heads. Some others are single but apparently very late. On the north the windows are all closed. At the west end under the belfry is a kind of raised dais, and tin- font, which is on a raised square plinth, has a -mall octagonal howl on a shaft of like form. The 1 1 2 The Churches of Kent. door within the porch has a contracted arch. There is no chancel arch. The roof of the nave is ribbed and open, that of the chancel ceiled, but the tie beams and framework are seen, being quite different from the roof of the nave. The east end has two lancets included beneath a general arch, the centre pier is buttressed externally, and within bears a pedestal for a statue. There is an ugly, debased square window on the south side of the chancel, below the sill of which is a kind of extension, something in the form of a stall, but too high in the wall for a seat. It may perhaps have been a credence. The lower part has a projecting slab. Near it in the south wall is a very rude piscina, with pointed arch, the basin projecting. On the north side of the altar is a plain arch in the wall encroached on by a modern marble monument. There are hideous high pews in the chancel especially offensive in so small a church.* LANGLEY. ST. MARY. A small church in a woody churchyard adjoining the road from Maidstone to Tenterden.*f" The plan — chancel, short nave with north aisle, south porch and west tower, which latter is apparently modern, the lower part of stone, the upper of brick and crowned by a shingled spire. The walls of the church are chiefly of the Kentish rag, and the roofs are tiled. The porch is very plain. The nave is short and confined, and still further impaired by the presence of high pews, and a hideous gallery at the west end encroaching on almost the whole of one of the two arches. There are some plain Perpendicular windows of two lights ; that at the east of the aisle having an obtuse arch, and that at the west a trefoil lancet. There are two brackets at the east end of the aisle. The two arches dividing the nave and aisle are extremely plain and rude but pointed, * The church has been restored and reseated. — H. + This church has been subsequently rebuilt [by the rector]. Langl ii j the pier is square without any capital. The chancel arch is similar. On the north side of the chancel La a single Lancet, on the south a square-headed Perpendicular one with label. The cast window has three lancet lights within a general pointed arch. The exterior of the chancel is Btuccoed. The chancel is wainscoted within, so that the sedilia, &c, if any, are completely hidden. The font has an octangular bowl panelled with shields, beneath which is a slope ; the stem is octagonal and ribbed at the angl< - HEADCOEN. ST. PETER ANB ST. PAUL. A handsome Perpendicular church close to the Dover Railroad, situated within a very large cemetery. Plan — west tower, nave and chancel, each with south aisle, a south porch and vestry north of the chancel, the whole of Kentish rag, and the terior well finished. The tower not very lofty, is three stages in height, and has a good hattlcmcnt and octagonal turret at the north east. The west door has good mouldings with small shafts, a label and panelled spandrels. Just over the door is a square tablet, containing a shield within a quatre- foil : on the shield is a "bend engrailed." Above is a window of three lights which has tracery of apparently Decorated cha- racter, the hood moulding on head corbels, hut it is probably coeval with the rest of the church, which is wholly Perpendicular and of uniform character. The belfry windows vary, some of two, some of three lights, all square-headed ; the intermediate ge lias a single opening. The aisle and the porch have a • L( ment, the buttress* - Bel al equal distances ; the south side of the church has windows of two lights with Labels, and one of three Lights; those on the north are of better design; in -dine are good pieces of stained glass, in which figures of lints beneath canopies, with inscribed Bcrolls may he seen. The i 114 The Churches of Kent. porch is large, with a parvise, and in the angle is an octagonal stair turret, the door has good mouldings, the windows are square -headed. The length of the church is considerable, and the interior fine and spacious, though the arches and walls are glaring with the coarsest whitewash.* The tower arch has bold and deep mouldings, the inner member springing from shafts. On each side are strong buttresses supporting the east wall of the tower. There are eight bells. There are five pointed arches between the nave and aisle, springing from light octagonal columns. The chancel has a tiled roof. The chancel arch is lofty, and is carried from one of the octagon piers to the opposite wall ; and another very wide arch is thrown across the aisle, separating that of the chancel which must have been a chantry chapel. Between this and the chancel are two plainer pointed arches, springing from an ill- shaped pier, a polygon with unequal sides, having a squared capital. Some stones seem to have been taken from this pier. The east window of the chancel is of three lights, with a transom ; on the north of the chancel is a two-light window with some good stained glass. The south chantry has the east window of five lights, with flattened arch, and in the south wall is a long square recess, containing a piscina. This part of the church is very damp and full of green mould. There is a small door under one of the windows in this chantry, which is raised one step above the aisle of the nave. Its ceiling is flat, panelled in wood with foliated bosses. There is beneath one of the south windows a fine Perpendicular tomb in the wall (probably of the founder, one of the Cole- peppers) rising above the window sill, and having an embattled cornice. The arched canopy has bold rich double feathering with foliage at the points, and panelling with shields in the spandrels.! The effigy is concealed by a pier. There are also * The whitewash has been all removed, as well as the paint from the rood-loft 6creen. The church is about to be reseated, &c, 1876. — H. t " The arms of the Culpeper family are cut in the stones at each corner . . . Tradition says that the founder of the church, who was a Culpeper, was buried underneath the above mentioned stone " — "a gravestone, six feet and a half in Headcom. 1 1 5 prints of destroyed brasses, but one still remaining is of late date, and represents a cbild kneeling at a faldstool, with B Legend: "Here Lyeth the body of John Byrd, the sonne of William Byrd of this parish of Hcadeorne, who was borne the 10 of May, 1629, and in the time of his siekness delivered many godly exhortations to his parents takinge his leave of them with such unexpected expressions as are not common in 90 younge a child. He departed this life the 31 of Jan\ An. D. 1636." The nave roof 1ms the timbers arched and an embattled cornice. The aisle roof is out of order, and supported upon additional framework lately added. The lower part of the rooddoft screen remains: it has an elegant cornice and panelling, but is hideously painted white. The font has an octagonal bowl, its faces are ornamented with shields, angels bearing scrolls, the Holy Lamb and the rose. The stem is octagonal, with buttresses at the angles, and raised upon two steps. cu^/rr?-/* •*-/ , PLUCKLEY. 1844. The church is well situated on an eminence commanding a tine view. Plan : West tower with shingled spire, nave and chancel each with south aisle. The tower, of a rude mixture of Hint and stone, has a Perpendicular west door and window, the former has label and spandrels, enriched with qaatrefoiled circles, the window is of two lights, labelled. The other windows nre single apertures. There is no parapet to the i r, and tin- shingled spire, squared at the base, is under- going repair. In the nave is the brass of a Knight of the Malmaine family Richard Malemayns, Esquire, 1440] with dog at his feet, the ! nd much worn. There are also three brasses of smaller size. . • tool or more, without any date oi inscription." ■ I , • .in in :. gton i \\\<- outside of the chureh over ih<- belfry door, Pai sons' " Monument . p 3G7. 1 1. i -J n6 The Churches of Kent. 1. A lady with this legend. "Off y r charyte pray for the sowlle of Julyen Deryng gentyl woman, whyche decessed, 1526." 2. A Knight with a dog under his feet, legend destroyed. 3. A still smaller figure of a Knight beneath an arched canopy ; apparently a child. The south porch has a parvise, and the entrance arch on shafts. The body is chiefly of Kentish rag, but much of it is stuccoed, and the aisle has a moulded parapet. On the south side there is the usual projection resembling a large buttress, corresponding with the chancel arch. The prevailing features are Decorated and Perpendicular, the southern windows are late Perpendicular, fiat arched of three lights ; on the north are two of Decorated character, of three lights, one of which has three tre foiled lights, without tracery in the head. The nave is lofty and wide, the roof has tie-beams with king-posts, branching into two. There are four pointed arches, dividing the nave and aisle, of which the western one is more acute and lower than the others with a square plain pier, evidently Early English, and the only specimen of this style in the church. The other three arches are wide and lofty, and spring from slender octagonal columns with moulded capitals. There is no chancel arch, the pier between the centre arch of the nave and that opening from the chancel to its south chapel is square. The arch is rather acute, and springs from brackets. On the corbels supporting this arch are the arms of Dering. The chancel windows are Perpendicular, the eastern of three lights. On the north the windows are late and square-headed, and just by the altar, or to the north and south, are single -light windows, which seem to be of the same date. On the south side of the altar are two sedilia, divided by a low kind of stone elbow, and included within a general pointed arch. Eastward is a trefoil niche with piscina on a bracket which is carried to a point. All these are of green marble. On the north side, opposite to these, is a trefoiled niche, with a projecting ledge, which seems to have been a credence. The south chapel belongs to the Dering family, Pluckley. 1 1 ; and is enclosed with wooden Bcreens; it abounds with monum< nts to the family, and is now occupied as their pew. It is divided from the aisle of the nave by a pointed arch. The windows of this chapel contain modern painted glass. It is fitted up with stalls, better than is often found, but still too much of the parlour pew. The monuments which it contains are mostly mural marble tablets of uniform kind, and free from the objection- able devices generally seen. The screen facing the chance] is elegant, with vine cornice and Tudor flowers; that in the stern arch is of later date and mixed style, On the screen in the w< Btern arch is tins inscription, " J lane capellam Ric. Dering Armiger tundatam A Dni 1475 reparavit et ornavit Anno Dni L634. Dilexi domum Domini Dei." The font is Perpendicular, the howl octagonal, panelled with quatrefoils containing roses and shields, in which occur the aims of the Malmaines and of the Derings. The shaft of the font has buttresses at the angles, and is set upon four wide steps of Bethersden marble : the whole is covered unfortunately with colouring. At the wesl end of the church is a douhle gallery. WALMER. This church in its present state is but an unsightly object. It originally consisted only of a tower, nave, and chancel o\' small dimensions, but the tower has fallen down ; a mean bell- turn - been erected over the wesi end, and a huge brick Med on the north, filled with pews and galleries, and making the church quite shapeless. The original walls are of rough flint, partly stuccoed. The south porch seems to have been rebuilt, and its outer door of Norman character with enriched mouldings and shafts. Within the porch is an original Norman doorway, lofty and good; the mouldings bave varied kinds of chevron ornament and billets; the Bhafts with cushion capitals and abaci, which are continued horizontally on each n8 The Churches of Kent. side. The chancel arch is also Norman, and presents towards the nave a much richer appearance than to the east, and in its general features closely resembling the south door, with impost continued on each side. Towards the east the soffit is plain, and the imposts have a kind of nail-head ornament. The chancel is small, and has Early English features ; the east window and one on the south are single lancets, and there is a lychnoscope on the south much spoiled. On the north side of the chancel is a bracket for a statue ; on the south a niche of a flattened trefoil form. Most of the nave windows have been altered. One square-headed one still retains its label, with head corbels. There is some ivy on the west end. The pulpit fronts the north, in order to face the congregation, who occupy the north wing or excrescence. There is an organ. The font has a plain and small octagonal bowl. A vestry is added adjoining the south porch. RIPPLE. ST. MARY. A neat small church, but of good height, consisting only of a nave and chancel, and over the west end a wooden turret and small spire.* The church is chiefly of Norman character, with a little of the later styles. The west window has good plain mouldings and shafts ; those on the sides of the nave are set very high, and are perhaps early Norman, resembling those at Guston, narrow and plain, having externally a kind of long and short course, the stones laid in different ways, and imme- diately beneath the arch forming quasi imposts. There is a north porch of wood and plaster ; the south door, which is closed, has an embattled moulding on the imposts. There is no chancel arch, but a large buttress projecting on the south side marks where the chancel begins ; the walls are of rough flints, the roofs * This church has been rebuilt. — H. Ripple. i i 9 tiled. The chancel has a hoarded roof within ; the nave is ceiled. The east window is early Decorated, of three lights, and seems to have been curtailed of its original proportions. On the south of the chancel are two trefoil lancets. The interior is neat, hut has high pews. In the chancel are quasi wooden stalls. The reredos of mediocre modern Gothic design. The pulpit rather neatly carved, temp, dames I. In the north wall of the nave is a plain arched recess, and a bracket. The Cent ugly and poor, with the date 1663, has a small octagonal howl on round shaft. In the chancel is a hrass to one Edward Warren, 1591, the figure gone. There are two bells, and in the chancel a small finger organ. The situation is lonely, but pleasing. Near the church is a line yew tree. CHERITON (near Folkestone). ST. MARTIN. 1844. This church is in a lonely situation, hut is an interesting building, consisting of a nave with south aisle, north porch, and transept, and chancel, with a small plain tower at the west end. There are several good Early English features, especially in the chancel. The tower has no divisions by string-courses; the belfry window and another on the west side are single lam. There is a plain pointed west door. The walls are chiefly of a :h admixture of Hint and stone. There are separate tiled roofs to the oave and aisle; the windows of the south aisle are poor modern on. pt that at the east end, which is Deco- rated of three lights, hut rather peculiar in its tracery. The nave is divided from the south aisle by three pointed arches s]>niiu r iuu r from octagonal pillars: and the north chapel, or transept, opens to the nave by a plain pointed arch rising on imposl . In this chapel i ■■< two-light Decorated window in the ■ .'.all. having no hood moulding, hut containing a fragment of Btaincd glass in which is seen the Crucifixion. 120 The Churches of Kent. There is one window on the north side with a single trefoil light ; the others are modern and bad. The north porch with its doorways is quite plain. At the east end of the south aisle are two sedilia of rather curious arrangement and Decorated character. Just without the north porch is a slab charged with a cross flory. In the south aisle is a monumental arch in the wall, beneath which is an effigy. The chancel arch is pointed, very plain, rising upon imposts. The chancel is large, and of much superior character to the rest of the church. It has on each side three lancet windows, having fine arch mouldings internally and a string-course beneath ; at the east end are two lancets set at some distance from each other with a vesica piscis above them in the gable and now closed. These lancets have mouldings and shafts internally. Under the windows on each side of the chancel are six fine Early English niches or stalls, having very fine mouldings and shafts of Purbeck marble with moulded capitals : the shafts at the extremities are clustered. There is an arch in the north chancel wall for a door now closed, and one lower one. There are several stone brackets. The pulpit has tolerable wood carving of Perpendi- cular character. The chancel is placed on a steep bank, and there is a sudden fall from the east end. GILLINGHAM* ST. MARY. 1841. A large Kentish church ; the nave has aisles and a clere- story (which last is not common in Kent), and the chancel has a large chapel on either side, exceeding in width the aisles of the nave. There is a north porch and a western tower. The tower is chiefly of Kentish rag stone ; but much of the walls of the body are of flints. The aisles have battlements ; but the * Formerly a Peculiar of Canterbury ; now in the diocese of Rochester. — H. Gillingham. 121 chapels of the chancel have separate tiled roofs and no parapets. The external appearance is chiefly Third Pointed, but the porch is modern. The tower is rather plain, has a battlement and a circular stair turret at the north-east angle. The buttresses extend to the second story. The belfry windows square-headed, of two lights, with label ; on the west side a small window and a door with continuous mouldings, over which is a niche. Within, the lower story of the tower has stone groining and forms now the principal entrance. The windows of the aisles of the na\e are Third Pointed of two lights, some sqnare-headed ; those of the clerestory are square-headed of two lights. The nave is divided from each aisle by four arches of pointed form, of which the two western on each side are Lower and wider than the others ; the first pier from the west is circular, with octagonal capital ; the second on each side is sqnare, having a moulded capital. The two eastern arches are acute, and have piers as the first mentioned. They all appear to be First Pointed, but not of the same date. The roof of the nave has plain timbers with spandrels on stone corbels with angel figures. The chancel arch is pointed, on half octagonal shafts. The chancel is divided from each of its large lateral chapels by three pointed arches, lower than the eastern ones of the nave, with octagonal pillars having plain moulded caps. The responds consisl of three early clustered shafts set in rec< ssses having square abaci, and one on the north side has quite a Norman character, scolloped. The chancel roof is coved, with king" posts, &c. The east window is Third Pointed of five Lights, filled with poor modern painted glass. The Bacrarium is paved with marble. The north chapel has a three-light east window of curious Third Pointed tracer} and two others of two lights. Jn this chapel is a mutilated piscina with trefoiled head and triangular canopy. The south chapel is partly disfigured with high I • partly in a wretched State of dirt and neglect. Ii- roof is open, ami coved with plain frame-work. Its windows mble 1 ii" •<■ of the north chapel, and it contains some screen* 122 The Churches of Kent. work ; a piscina and two sedilia (the third having been cut off by a modern wall) rising eastward with ogee canopies, cinque- foiled feathering, and good mouldings springing from marble columns with moulded capitals and bases, and early Middle Pointed character. There are remains of magnificent brasses in the chancel— one large of two figures, one smaller of three. In the north chapel is the trace of one representing a knight and lady, with fine canopy. In the chancel a small one remains, inscribed : " Hie jacet dns Johes Pegge Vicarius de Gyllyngham cui 3 aie ppiciet'-deus. Amen." The font is Norman, the bowl cylindrical, moulded round the rim, and surrounded by an arcade of round arches springing from circular columns with zigzag mouldings, square capitals and round bases. At the west end a double gallery and an organ. GODMEKSKAM. ST. LAWRENCE. Plan. Nave with south transeptal chapel, chancel and tower on the north side of the nave. The south side of the nave and the south transept are chiefly of brick and modernised. On the north of the nave are two plain Romanesque windows (one closed) and one Third Pointed of three lights. The west window of four lights is Middle Pointed, not of a very common character. The tower is of early character without buttresses, contracting in width towards the upper part ; against its east wall is a most singular semicircular apse with some small Romanesque win- dows. The windows of the tower are small and round-headed. The chancel is built of flints, and has a good triple lancet east window with shafts and good mouldings internally. On its south side is one closed lancet, and two early Middle Pointed windows of two lights, having in the head the double feathered quatrefoil found not unfrequently in Kent. The western one Godmersham. 123 has the sill extended as for a " tychnoscope." On the north of the chancel is a pointed door within a porch, one lancet and one two-light Middle Pointed window. On the south side of the chancel under a window is a sedile with trefoil head Bpringing from First Pointed shafts with moulded capital ; also a piscina under a feathered trefoil canopy of Middle Pointed character. The roofs are tiled ; that of the nave has tie-beams with king- posts and pierced spandrels. There is no chancel arch. An aristocratic pew occupies the south transept. In the church- yard is a tine yew. WYE. ST. MARTIN AND ST. GREGORY. 1846 A church of curious appearance, imposing at a distance, hut having little or nothing of architectural elegance. Plan. Nave with aisles and clerestory; south porch; modern chancel, and tower situated on its south side.* The external character is mostly Third Pointed, except what is modern. The clerestory is very lofty, and has a sloping tiled roof. The aisles are embattled, some part of the north side is chequered in flint and stone. The west door has mouldings and shafts which are somewhat of a First Pointed character. The north door has a pointed arch and plain mouldings. The south porch is mostly modern ; the tower seems to he wholly so. and is massive and low. not rising much above the clerestory, tin: parapet is embattled and four very large pinnacles occupy the angles. It is wholly of stone and contains eight hells. The chance] has some indications of ancient Hint walls, hut is This church was former! •■ building, consisting of three aisles and three chancels, with :i tower steeple in Hi'- centre, supported by four pillars, b (on the 21 si of March, 1685), giving way, the Bteeple fell down, and, by ycd all the chancels, The parish bai since built a small but rerj chancel, and a *ery strong though low tower mi the south Bide "t thi chancel, with ry musical bells in it." Bryan Fa m.*'— II. 124 The Churches of Kent. essentially modem, and in a very poor style with a kind of apse. Within, it is fitted up with wainscoting. The nave is very lofty, and has an arcade on each side of four fine moulded arches, springing from clustered piers ; four shafts set at intervals upon each with moulded capitals and bases, the base of the main pier is somewhat stilted. These have something of a First Pointed appearance, but may very possibly be later. A fifth arch on the north with octagonal pier now opens to the vestry, which is modern. The roof has tie-beams and carved brackets with figures of animals, &c. The windows both of aisles and clerestory are generally of three lights, and Third Pointed, and at the west of the aisles of two lights. The west window a bad modern one.* There is a west gallery with an organ and a south gallery. The font is Third Pointed, has an octagonal bowl panelled with quatrcfoils containing roses ; the stem octagonal also. There is a brass of a female between two civilians, with a group of children. " John Andrew Justus. Thomas Palmerq. venustus. Consors et similem imitatur Alicia cladem. Exempti socio, clauduntur marmore duro. Ut vivant Christo, non immemor, te precor, esto."f BOUGHTON ALUPJL ALL SAINTS. 1845. A handsome church. Plan cruciform, the nave having aisles, and the chancel a large north aisle. Transepts lofty, but not extending beyond the line of the aisles. Tower in centre, low and massive. The buttresses are very strong ; the material is a mixture of flint and stone. The principal features good Third Pointed, but with some later windows, &c, and some earlier indications. The transepts have very high-tiled roofs. The * The mullions of this window have been restored. — H. f See Parsons' " Monuments," p. 3, — H. Bono/) ton Aluph. tower, very heavy but low. lias a I [uare stair turret at the Bouth-east angle encroaching on the transept. The belfry windows single, with trefoil heads and the parapet embattled. The west window of the nave is a very elegant Middle Pointed ono of tour lights : and beneath it is a door with continued monldii] The western windows of the aisles are of two lights ; the others in the aisles, of three, are much mutilated, oave has two arcades, each of four line pointed arches rising from octagonal pillars with capitals and bases. Three arches a the aisles to tin- transepts, and four very fine ones under the tower with octagonal sbai'ts. Over the westers one is seen ; all door open to the interior. The north transept Ins a large window lib'' that at the west ^'i the nave, both containing some tine -lass. That of the south transept is mutilated, but on the east side is a two-light Third Pointed window, and a trefoil lancet lighting the tower staircase. The chancel is lower than the nave, and is separated from the north aisle by two low pointed arches, rising from a central circular column with moulded capitals, apparently First Pointed. One of these anhes is closed, and seems to have been so at an early period, there being within it a raised stone ledge. The east window of the chancel is early Third Pointed, or transition, of five lights, containing some brown and yellow glass, with figures of a king and queen, and some legends. Near the east window is a circular moulded bracket, and on the south a single sedile with good mouldings, and one stilted shaft; near it a piscina, with crocketed canopy trefoiled. The north chapel, according to the fashion of i\ .\ide. extending beyond the line of the transept, but now desolate and disused. It has a four-light east window of Third Pointed character, beneath which there seems to have •; a ]•'■]•• ; : on tin' north two lancets and two .Middle Pointed windows of two lights. The arch opening to this aisle or chape] from the transept i-^ very acute. It contains a plain piscina and tin- brack. : of ;i niche in the east wall, exhibiting an angel fignire. There are some prints of brasses, and a marble recumbent i 26 The Churches of Kent. effigy of a lady, a.d. 1631. The pews are deal, and very ugly ; some bright red may be distinguished on one of the southern piers of the nave. The font has an octagonal bowl, with shields on a base of like form ; not of good work. The south door is closed, and the north porch is modern. "WORTH (by Sandwich). ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL. 1846. This church is rather a mean structure ; the plan, a nave with south aisle, north chapel, and chancel ; a modern north porch, and steeple at the west end, which seems also modern, having a short spire. The north doorway is Romanesque, the arch on the outside somewhat of horseshoe form, and has two orders of mouldings, the tympanum of the arch filled with stone, so that the door itself has a flat top and a horizontal land of transom over it. The arch springs from shafts with sculptured capitals and abaci, projecting much. There is a benatura near the north door. The walls are of rough flints, and the roofs are tiled and carried over the aisle nearly to the ground. The aisle is very narrow, and its western portion much lower than the eastern. The nave is divided from the aisle by six plain pointed arches, with low circular columns ; the western bay of the aisle is enclosed as a vestry ; and the first pillar is massive, of decidedly Romanesque character, with abacus and square base, having the tongue-like wedges at the angles. There is a north aisle, a chapel, opening by two pointed arches with a light octagonal pillar, upon a high base. Its two windows are wide trefoil- headed lancets, much splayed. The chancel appears to be wholly modern ; but built into the east wall is a curious stone, with sculpture of leaves and heads, evidently of First Pointed character. The western part of the south aisle is very low, its eastern portion has a cinquefoiled lancet, which is probably late. The font is modern. Ash by Sandwich. 127 ASH (by Sandwich). 1S4G. ST. NICHOLAS. A fine large church, cruciform in its plan, with a central tower surmounted by a leaded spire. The uave and chancel have each a north aisle, and there was once a chapel to the south of the nave, which opened to it by two arches now seen in the wall. On the north of the nave is a large porch with parvise. The walls are chiefly of Hints, with stone dressings, and there is Borne admixture of the three Pointed styles. Over the west window in the gable is a quatrefoil circle. Several bad windows have been introduced, hut there has been considerable im- provement going on lor some years, and it is to he hoped that rradual restoration will in time he effected.* The arcade of the nave has four First Pointed arches, with hood mouldings ; two of the piers are circular, with octagonal capitals, one of the piers being very slender, on a high hase. The western arch springs straight from the wall without pillar or capital. The west window is a line Middle Pointed one, lately tilled with glass of flowered quarries, and having four lights. Under it is a door with plain mouldings. Between the north aisle and the north transept is a plainer First Pointed arch upon imposts. In the south wall of the nave are two First Pointed arches with capital, once opening to the destroyed chapel. On the south of the nave are some Thirl Pointed windows. The tower rises upon four very lofty pointed arches, having continuous outer mouldings and large circular shafts : these, with the whole of the tower, are Third Pointed. The tower has two stages above the roof of the church with two-light windows and an embattled parapet, with a stair turret at the BOUth-west angle, octagonal above and round below. The spire is covered with lead, and is a con- spicuous object in the surrounding low country. The western portion of the north aisle is occupied by a vestry;* In the transept an- some Third Pointed windows. The nave is \c r\ ■ II. ii.i ■ been accomplished.— 1 1. :8 The Churches of Kent. wide : the chancel very clearly is not in a line with it, but in- clines to the south. The chancel has on the south-east a lancet window; on the south side one two-light Middle Pointed one, and one Third Pointed one. The east window is Third Pointed* On the south side under the lancet window is a piscina of First Pointed character ; the arch trefoiled on shafts with capitals of curiously entwined foilage. There is a solid wall between the chancel and north chapel, in which is pierced one rather straight- sided arch of plain character, and a pointed door, eastward of which, let into the wall, is a very fine Middle Pointed tomb. There is another tomb within the straight- sided arch, with the effigy of a cross-legged knight, once painted and gilt, and a lion at his feet. In the sides of the arch are large iron hinges, the position of which is somewhat singular and difficult to explain, and below the figures a cornice of four-leaved flowers. Beneath this effigy, another of black marble has been inserted, probably of a later date, and representing a female in a wimple, but not of the best execution.* The other tomb, before mentioned, has a fine canopy of ogee form, with crockets and finial, panelled with a four-foiled circle and three-foiled loops, but no feathering to the arch. The effigies are of a knight and lady, of alabaster, very fresh and well preserved, and of excellent workmanship. The knight has a lion at his feet : t the lady with mantilla head * On the shield of the man has been painted his coat armour ; on the femme side, I, with much ado, made out the arms of Septvans, alias Harfleet . . . but the baron side was quite effaced. Philpot says the tomb is in memory of Sir John Goshall, a worthy knight who lived in the reigns of Edw. 3 and Kich. 2, and that his arms, viz., a lion rampant, within seme"e. . . . Arg. He thinks the figure underneath was designed for his skeleton. Fol. 50. But I am sure it was done for a woman. The motto to the arms of Septvans was " Dissipabo, inimicos regis mei ut paleam," alluding to the coat, viz., three thrashers' vans, or fans. See App. to Somner's " Canterbury," edit. Battely, fol. 32. Bryan Faussett's " Collecta." The monument is lithographed in the History of Ash (" A Corner of Kent "), by Planche, 1864.— H. f "In complete armour, and a collar of SS." "All the brasses are torn off except a small one fixed to the top of the arch, which bears the following coat, Septvans impaling a fcss between three fleurs-de-lys in chief, and three fishes naiaut in l>asr>. given by Philpot as the arms of Kirton." Bryan Faussett's A sh by ' Sa m iu ' ich . 129 dress and muffled neck. The angel figures at the heads are much mutilated. The chapel is of late Middle Pointed work, verging to Third Pointed, has an east window of four lights, and one on the north which seems Third Pointed. The arch opening to the chapel presents a contracted form, and the effigies are seen through. There is a large brass of a man and woman to Christopher Septvans of Moland, ol>t. 1602;* another bears the date 1620. There are also brasses in the chancel, one of a female in a reli- gious habit, under an ogee crocketed canopy; another smaller one also representing a female, Jane Keriell, with lunar headdress.! Smne others are much later, 1525 and 1606.J BAEHAM. 82*. .7 "//A". 1840. A cruciform church, with a western steeple, the nave having a south aisle. The walls, as usual, arc chiefly of flints with chalk and rubble intermixed, with tiled roofs, and the features chiefly Middle Pointed, with portions of First and Third Pointed. The tower has a shingled spire ; its west door and window are Third Pointed : the belfry windows are single and trefoiled. At the west (if the south aisle is a lancet ; the windows of the south aisle are debased ; those on the north of the nave Middle Pointed of two lights. The nave is divided from the aisle by three pointed arches, with light octagonal pillars having high liases. There arc no arches to either chancel or transepts, but between the south aisle and south transept is a pointed arch on a small foliated bracket. The roof of the nave has tie-beams and king- 1 .ith pierced spandrels. The chancel is Middle Pointed ; and I'laiK-le . [.. 222. This monument la also lithographed in che'a Bistory, pp. L86 and 218. II. • l 1 in Planche, Bee p. 225. II. t 1. I in Planche, see p. 207. II. j 1 i other monnmentfl are fully described, and the principal "I th< m in Planche'i II ' j pp. 203 248. II. K 130 The Churches of Kent. the east window of five lights, the side ones of two lights. There is a piscina, trefoiled, with mouldings. The south transept has one lancet closed, and a triple lancet within a containing arch. This transept belongs to the Oxenden family. The font has an octagonal bowl, upon a central stem and four corner shafts. KINGSTONE. aST. GILES. 1846. A small church, having only a chancel and nave, with low western tower ; the whole with flint walls, in the usual style of a Kentish village church. In the north porch is a benatura with label. The tower is plain Third Pointed. The roof is much like that at Barham. Some windows are mutilated, others are Third Pointed and square-headed. Those at the south of the chancel are single. There is no division between the nave and chancel. On the south side of the latter is an arched recess for a seat, and a piscina with wooden shelf. The font is of wood. BISHOPSBOUKNE. ^ »ST. MARY. 1846. A small church, which may be called cruciform, though the transepts partake more of the nature of short aisles, each being divided from the nave by two arches. The nave has no aisles, but there is a chapel on the south of the chancel, and a vestry on the north. At the west end of the nave is a low Third Pointed tower, with plain parapet and three stages ; the west window of three lights and a door below it. There are buttresses, and a staircase turret of octagonal form. The walls are as usual of flints, and the high sloped roofs tiled. On the north side is a First Pointed door, with imposts, and near it a benatura. Bishapsbourne. 1 3 1 There are several Third Pointed windows, but those in the chan- cel are Middle Pointed ; the eastern one of five lights resembles that at Barbara ; the others are of two lights, and contain some good modern stained glass. There is no chancel arch, and tho roof resembles that at Barham. In the north chapel are some obtuse single windows, trefoiled, containing stained glass. The north chapel opens to the nave by two pointed arches, with an octagonal column; the south transept has two plain pointed arches with slender circular pillar, having a square capital with the angles cut off. There is a rood door on the south. The chancel opens to its south chapel by a low arch. The south chapel is partly of brick. There is a neat organ, and the tower arch is open. BRIDGE. ST. PETER. 1846. This church has a nave with small aisles, chancel, and tower with Bhingled spire placed at the west end of the south aisle. The tower has obtuse narrow windows ; tho spire has been rebuilt. The south aisle is in a great measure rebuilt in brick and Hints.* The walls are of the usual Hints. The tower in its lower portion is of Romanesque origin, and opens to the nave and aisle by very rude semicircular arches. It has also a small window of similar character. The chancel has much of Roman- esque character. On its north side are two windows closed ; on the south a fine doorway and two windows, now closed ; the former bus fine chevron mouldings. The west door is also late Romanesque, of excellent Btyle, having the embattled ornament mixed with the rope and toothed ornaments and shafts. There is mall window of the same style at the east end of the south aisle. At the west end of the north aisle is a lancet. The nortb aisl( 1- rerj low and narrow, divided from the nave by • iggo rhifl church hi . repaired and partially rehuill [hy Bill.— H]. K 'J 132 The Churches of Kent. three rude pointed arches with large wall piers having no capitals or impost mouldings. The arcade on the south of the nave has been removed. The north transeptal chapel has two lancets, and on its east side an entrance formed by a passage. The chancel arch is First Pointed, with mouldings and shafts very much worn. On its north side is a hagioscope with two square apertures. In the north wall of the chancel internally is the tympanum of an arch filled with ancient sculpture in two ranges of compartments, representing various subjects : those in the lower range may be clearly made out, representing (1) Adam and Eve expelled from Paradise by the Angel ; (2) Adam and Eve by the forbidden fruit ; (3) Cain's offering ; (4) Abel's offering ; (5) Abel slain by Cain. With these, inscriptions are intermixed. In the same wall, within a recess, is a recumbent effigy of a man in robes, in low relief, the figure divided in two parts by a central pier. The east window is poor Middle Pointed ; the western one Third Pointed. CHILHAM. ST. MARY. 1846. A good ordinary village church of Kent, surrounded by beautiful lime trees. The material mostly flint. There are aisles to the nave, a north and south transept, and chancel with chapels of modern date on its north and south sides ; a west tower and south porch. The aisles are embattled, and the nave has a clerestory with plain parapet. The south porch has a parvise and battlement, and single trefoil-headed windows. Its outer doorway is Third Pointed, and has quatrefoil panelling in the spandrels. The transepts and chancel are tiled. The tower is Third Pointed, of very common kind in Kent, with battlement and large octagonal turret on the south side, but not quite at the angle. The west window is mutilated ; the door has a label and spandrels. The tower is chequered in flint and Chilham. 133 stone. Tin- interior is spacious, and well proportioned. There i> an arcade on each side of the nave of four pointed arches, with octagonal pillars, reaching to the chancel, and including the transept. There is a modern flat ceiling in the nave, hut some of the original spandrels may yet he seen. The aisles have two- light windows of Third Pointed character, with some pieces of stained glass ; the clerestory windows are of the same character. The chance] arch springs straight from the wall without corbels. The east window is debased, of five lights. On the north of the chancel is a hirst Pointed arch in the wall ; the original chapel on the north is replaced by one of Italian character, of circular form, with a high dome and coloured glass, containing monu- mental tablets to the Colehrooke family. This domical chapel, built 1755, under the direction of Sir Robert Taylor, as the mausoleum of the Colehrooke family, has been much admired for orgeous though incongruous character. In an arched recess on the north of the chancel is a large gorgeous monument, with flattering inscriptions to Margaret Lady Palmer, sister of Sir Dudley Digges, oht. 1619. The north rotunda is of brick. On the south side is another monumental chapel of Italian design, built temp. James I. by Sir Dudley Digges. This is highly enriched, and contains a large elaborate tomb, full of urns, emblematic figures, &c, with a pompous inscription com- memorating Sir I). Digges, and his lady, oht. 1638. There are traces of brasses of late date and a hit of the rood screen in the try. The north transept lias Middle Pointed windows, and in its north wall LB a large pointed recess. The south transept has a roof with king-posts, and a window of three plain five-foiled lights within a containing arch. On the south is the rood door. The tower arch is pointed, with plain octagonal piers. The font a square howl, all cased in wood, on an Octagonal stein and four circular shafts, set njioii a square plinth. There is a small adjunct on the north of the transept, with sheil-like appears 1 34 The Churches of Kc7it. ST. PAUL IN CANTERBURY. 1846. The plan is a nave and chancel with south aisle coextensive, and a low tower at the west end.* The arcade has four First Pointed arches, with light circular columns having moulded capitals. The two east windows have fine Middle Pointed cha- racter; that of the south aisle is of four lights, and very good geometrical ; that of the chancel is of three lights. There are Third Pointed windows of two lights on the north, and others modern. The south aisle is wider than the nave. The font has a square bowl panelled, with three-foiled arches, on a square pedestal with the angles cut off. In the west gallery is an organ. SWALECLIFFE. ST, JOHN. 1846. A small mean church without aisles, having a small belfry and spire over the west end.f The roofs are tiled, and the walls mostly rough- cast. Both east and west ends have been partially rebuilt. There is no chancel arch, but on the south- west of the chancel is a kind of pointed " lychnoscopic " window, with shutter and grating. The north-east window has the sill extended, but it is doubtful whether this is original. There are a few lancets, and some ordinary windows, which may be either Middle or Third Pointed. In some the tracery has disappeared. The font has an octagonal bowl, on four shafts and octagonal plinth. * The church has been greatly enlarged by the addition of a south aisle to the nave and chancel, and has been restored throughout. — H. f This church has been entirely rebuilt, 1876. — H. Whit stable. 135 WHITSTABLE. ALL SAINTS. 1846. This church, in rather a dilapidated state,* is on an elevated spot away from the town. It consists of a nave and chancel, with a north aisle continued to the cast end. and a large tower placed on the south side of the west end. The latter is Third Pointed, and opens by a pointed arch to the aisle ; the parapet has no battlement ; the belfry windows have two trefoiled lights within a Bqnare, and on the north is a single narrow window. The tower buttresses are large, and it is whitewashed in order to make a conspicuous sea mark.f The north aisle is em- battled ; the roof tiled. A north porch is plain. The nave is wide, and has an arcade of four pointed arches, with large octagonal piers, and a large space of wall beyond the eastern arch. The chancel has two narrower pointed arches (with an octagonal column) which incline, though the chancel itself does not deviate from the line of the nave. There is no chancel arch. On the south side of the entrance of the chancel are traces of the rood door and steps, and a closed " lychnoscope." The walls are very thick. The east window is Third Pointed of three lights; on the south of the chancel is one of Middle Pointed tracery of two lights. On the north side are some windows of two lights, rather of transition from Middle to Third Pointed ; at the west end, one of three lights has lost its tracery. There are traces of several brasses now destroyed. The font has a plain octagonal bowl on plain pedestal and plinth. There is one. brass to Thomas Brando, a.d. 1440. The pews are most unsightly, and many are coloured light bine ; they are, however, about to be removed, and a general repair effected.^ There aro ■ Phis church baa been thoroughly repaired, the chancel lengthened, with a y add< 'I "a the north side, 1876. II. + 1 ■ whitewash has been removed, and the tower restored, fl. ; Tli en completely carried out, 1876. II. 136 The Churches of Kent. six bells. The pulpit is a sort of "flying" one, apparently supported on air, and approached by a singularly ugly staircase and passage.* MINSTER IN SHEPPEY. ST. MARY AND ST. SEXBUEGA. 1846. This curious church, which is but a fragment of the original conventual church, comprises a wide nave and chancel, each with north aisle ; at the west end of the north aisle is a low tower, surmounted by a heavy wooden quasi spire. There is also a south porch, which, as well as the tower, is Third Pointed. The latter is unfinished but massive ; it has a four-light west window, and a door which has panelled spandrels and shafts with octagonal capitals and a label. The material of the church is a mixture of Kentish rag and flints. The doorway within the porch is First Pointed with mouldings and shafts ; the church has considerable First Pointed features, and some later, but there is much mutilation. It seems probable that the northern of the two divisions formed the original nave and chancel, though the southern is now so applied, and the northern chancel walled off in order to form a school. The arcade of the nave is of three chamfered arches, which seem First Pointed, with one circular and one octagonal column. The south (or present) chancel is open to the aisle ; the north opens to the nave by a tall First Pointed arch ; there is also one between the chancel and its aisle, with good mouldings and octagonal shafts with foliated capitals. In this arch is a Third Pointed screen. The south aisle is wider than the north, though probably not the original nave and chancel. The northern has the original open roof. There is a wood screen across the entrance to the chancel. The east window of the south chancel was originally a First Pointed triplet with shafts, * A new pulpit has been erected. — H. Minster in Skeppey. '37 now terribly mauled by a recent insertion. The west window also had three Lancets, with a circle over them. On the south 1 - - pq cq P _ P - - aide are a fen lancets; but most of the windows are Third Pointed. The northern division, or original chancel, which ends abruptly, perhaps once extends I farther to the east. It is nun 138 The Churches of Kent. miserably treated, and divided by a floor into two stories. The monumental remains are of great interest. In the south wall is a Middle Pointed tomb under a fine canopy with double feathering, and a beautiful finial of oak foliage, with the well- executed effigy of a knight cross-legged and lying on his side, having a small armed figure at his feet. On the sides of the tomb is a range of cinquefoiled arches. This commemorates Sir Robert de Shurland, created a banneret by Edward I. *In the pavement of the chancel is a very fine brass of a knight and lady, Sir Roger de Northwood and Joan his wife, circ. 1330, supposed to be of French execution, from the lady's attire. The knight is cross-legged. The tower arch is lofty and Third Pointed, with good mouldings and shafts. There is a late Third Pointed tomb in the north chancel. The font is a plain octagon. There is a rough unfinished look about this church. A fine Third Pointed gateway tower t remains in chequered flint and stonework ; the north side is scarcely accessible. COLDEED. A very mean small church, consisting only of a chancel and nave. SIBERTSWOLD. This church has only a chancel and nave, and no steeple, but is not devoid of interesting features. 1863. The church has been rebuilt. LYDDEJ. Comprises a chancel and nave, with low western tower. * This early and beautiful specimen is noticed in the " Manual of Ancient Brasses," p. 45. [It is minutely described by Mr. J. G. Waller, in " Archjeologia Cantiana." IX. 149.— R.] t Of the Abbey of St. Sexburga .— R. EwelL 1 39 EWELL. ST. MARY AND ST. PETER 1847. This small church, mean in its exterior, consists of nave and chancel, with north chapel running along the latter and part of the former. At the west end a mean steeple, being a tower of rough flints without buttress or battlement, has a Sussex- tile d roof and square-headed belfry window. The tower arch to the nave is pointed, straight from the wall ; tho west window is Middle Pointed of two lights. There is a small Norman window mi the north side of the nave. The north door is very line Xorman, with shafts ; it has a billeted hood and excellent mouldings, one cylindrical, one embattled and the inner member on imposts. The north chapel is separated from the church and used as a school.* The chancel arch is First Pointed springing from imposts. Between the chancel and the north chapel is a plain pointed arch on imposts walled up, and eastward of it an oblong recess in the wall. There is a First Pointed plain arch between the chapel and the nave, on imposts. On the western impost is a round piece of stone, sculptured with a wheel. There arc some square-headed windows on the south side — some Third Pointed and one Middle Pointed. The east window is of the latter kind, and on each side of it is a plain bracket. On tho south of the chancel is another oblong recess and a splayed lancet, also a lychnoscopc with two small square-headed lights. In the north chapel is a large obtuse arch in the wall. There are wretched blue communion rails, and pews in the chancel also painted blue. Those in the nave are of deal.t The Font is modern, but tho old one is remembered. In the churchyard is a stone cross on three steps. * This chapel has been restored to the church. — II. ■f The church has been thoroughly rearranged within. — H. 140 The Churches of Kent. ALKHAM. ST. ANTHONY. 1847. Ail interesting village church of considerable size, in a very picturesque commanding situation, amidst the varied scenery often found near the Kentish coast, in which open downs, woody dells, and rural village dwellings form a part. The material is, as usual, rough flint, and the external features plain ; though there appears internally much of ornamental work. There is a western tower, a nave with south aisle and porch, a chancel with a spacious northern chapel, which is continued along part of the nave. The sloping lean-to roof of tiles is carried over the south aisle. The tower is low and rude, with- out a parapet, and has a pointed roof of tiles ; the lower storey is of larger dimensions than the upper part. There are traces of lancet windows and a First Pointed string-course in the belfry storey. The west doorway is rude, and has a double arch, an obtuse one within a pointed one ; and a huge modern buttress has been added on the north-west. The nave opens to the south aisle by an arcade of four First Pointed arches, with light circular columns, over which is a clerestory of small circular windows. There is also the same clerestory on the north of the nave, westward of the beginning of the aisle or chapel, whence it seems probable that a narrow aisle on the north resembling the present southern one, formed part of the original plan. The present large aisle, extending along the whole chancel, as well as part of the nave, is, however, of First Pointed character, and is divided from the nave and chancel by three pointed arches, the eastern of which, open to the chancel, is much the widest, and springs from octagonal half shafts ; the other two have no mouldings and the columns are First Pointed, as on the south. The north chapel is the finest and most interesting portion of the church. It has at its western end two fine lancets of plain work with a circle above them. The north chapel is wide and lofty, with a separate tiled roof. On its north side is a range of AlkJiam. 1 4 1 single lancet windows with very elegant mouldings, and shafts of black marble, under which, internally, is a range of nine stalls or seats, having excellent mouldings, trefoil heads, and springing from shafts of Purbeck marble with moulded capitals. The lancets are plain externally, but set on a string. At the easi end of the same chapel arc two lancets also, with very fine mouldings and marble shafts. The chancel is not divided from the nave, and the roof is plain. There are some remains of wood stalls in the chancel, and in its south wall three ascending sedilia, having trefoil heads with hood mouldings. The eastern sedile is widest, and divided from the others by a wall-piece: between the two others is a shaft. Eastward of them is a piscina of similar form and character. The east window is Middle Pointed of four lights, without tracery, save a qnatre- foil in the head, the four lights being merely trefoiled. In it is a little stained glass. The reredos is of wood, imitating First Pointed work, the altar rails are of iron. There are some lancets in the western portion of the nave on the north. The south aisle has some square-headed windows apparently Middle Pointed, and some