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 THE LIBRARY 
 
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 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
B. 0. BAJ'TR 
 
 L.\WYR 
 DALLAS, TEXAS 
 
THE MANUAL 
 
 OF 
 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 DESIGNED FOR CLASS OR SELF-INSTRUCTION 
 
 BY 
 AUGUST MENGELKAMP 
 
 "Utility is the Truest Test of Excellence" 
 
 FIFTH, IMPROVED EDITION 
 
 AUGUST MENGELKAMP 
 REMSEN. IOWA 
 
Copyright 1937 
 BY 
 
 AUGUST MENGELKAMP 
 
 Copyright in England 
 
/f/7 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 The first edition of this work was published in 1891, 
 principally as a guide in the acquirement of the system 
 for the purposes of correspondence and private memo- 
 randa. The author, having critically examined the lead- 
 ing English, German, and French stenographic systems, 
 arrived at the conclusion that a system to be fitted for 
 general use, must necessarily be built upon the principles 
 employed in ordinary writing. They may be sum- 
 
 tn marized in the following : 
 
 5 
 
 Si 
 
 SYNOPSIS 
 
 5 
 
 OF LEADING PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURE 
 
 wJ 
 
 1. The graphic style of writing: that is, a regular 
 
 S succession of up and downstrokes the element of speed. 
 
 te 2. Words are written on the slope of ordinary writ- 
 
 <| ing; thus securing an easy and uniform manual move- 
 
 ment. 
 
 3. Acute angles and curves predominate: obtuse 
 w angles are entirely abolished. 
 
 4. Connective vowels: consonants and vowels join 
 P directly, and in their natural order. 
 
 5. No shading; all characters may be written either 
 light or heavy. 
 
 6. No- position; only one line of writing. 
 
 The aforementioned principles are embodied in 
 Natural Shorthand. As such it differs from all other 
 systems in several important points, and from the more 
 
 449502 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 prominent ones especially, by its similarity to our present 
 longhand. From the very outset the student can turn to 
 account the practice already gained from the use of ordi- 
 nary writing, while the forward slope of characters, the 
 fluent word-forms, and the predominance of curves and 
 sharp angles are both productive of great speed, and 
 conducive to the acquirement of a beautiful and legible 
 style of writing. 
 
 Natural Shorthand is more than any other a true 
 representative of spoken language, assigning as it does, 
 a distinct and unmistakable character to every funda- 
 mental sound of the English tongue. It professes a full 
 vowel scale, representing the sixteen simple vowel sounds 
 of the English language by simple and characteristic 
 signs. The grouping of these vowels especially will at 
 once appeal to the student of language and phonetics as 
 superior. Not only are they arranged in pairs, two to a 
 group, but they have also been matched with special re- 
 gard to affinity of sound. This will become more appar- 
 ent by pronouncing the key-words edge, age rip, reap 
 nice, noise etc. These point's of superiority no other 
 system can produce to the same extent. This grouping 
 of vowels, two to a group, short and long, is phonetically 
 correct, natural. The superiority of our vowel scheme 
 becomes still more apparent in vowel combinations, 
 where the vowels in words like Leo, Noah, snowy, Ionia, 
 Iowa, Eliu, etc., are joined as usual, without resorting to 
 special devices. 
 
 Similar to the vowels, our consonant forms uniformly 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 occur in pairs, and we employ characters of but two 
 sizes. This is an achievement characteristic with Natural 
 Shorthand. It is the key to legibility, and the chief 
 characteristic of a sound and rational consonant repre- 
 sentation. 
 
 The consonants, being already very characteristic in 
 outline and general appearance, become more so from 
 the fact that they are struck downward, whereas the 
 vowels are traced in a forward direction a landmark 
 for the eye. As such, Natural Shorthand is founded 
 upon principles not elsewhere employed in the construc- 
 tion of a stenographic system for the English language. 
 It is founded upon the true principles of penmanship, 
 of ordinary writing a regular succession of up and 
 down-strokes. It is the only graphic connective vowel 
 system before the public. 
 
 Another point of greatest importance is that of the 
 assignment of the shorthand characters to individual let- 
 ters. Anyone conversant with other connective vowel 
 systems, will have observed that the simplest characters 
 have not always been assigned to the most frequent let- 
 ters, but to such letters or rather, sounds, as insure the 
 most facile combinations. In other words: the value of 
 a stenographic character is determined not so much by 
 its frequency, as by its combination with other letters. 
 It is a principle that underlies the construction of every 
 connective vowel system; it is a problem that can be 
 solved only after years of arduous labor and experi- 
 ments. 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 The most important consonants with reference to 
 combination are i, d, r, I, and w . In Natural Shorthand, 
 t and d not only readily join with all vowel strokes, but 
 medially and finally connect with consonant and vowel 
 strokes, and that with a single effort of the hand. This 
 is a feature characteristic with Natural Shorthand only, 
 and unhesitatingly and truthfully we put it forth as the 
 most logical and successful solution of the Lengthening 
 Principle in the history of English Shorthand. It more 
 than compensates for the so-called Blends and Double 
 Consonants of other systems, which because of their 
 vague -and unsettled character, we do not consider a 
 desideratum in modern shorthand writing. 
 
 Another advantage of the system is the assignment of 
 individual, independent consonant forms to w and y, the 
 lack of which is so painfully felt in other connective 
 vowel systems. W almost exclusively occurs initially, 
 before vowels, also in the compounds tw, dw, qu (kw), 
 ngw. nkw, and especially sw. Hence its importance as 
 a separate, independent character. 
 
 A few remarks regarding general abbreviation. Long 
 words are best abbreviated by writing the initial part, 
 retaining the accented vowel, and indicating the final 
 syllables. This we accomplish in a brief and original 
 manner. The initial syllables of long words are usually 
 expressed by prefixes. Natural Shorthand presents a 
 series of prefixes of exceptional merit. The series is 
 simple and characteristic. The prefixes are connected 
 with the root-word in an unusual manner, imparting to 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 the word-form that characteristic appearance which is 
 of greatest importance in the fluent reading of steno- 
 graphic text. Vowels are neither omitted nor substi- 
 tuted in the body of words, that is, in radicals and princi- 
 pal, accented syllables (Par. 54). We express all ac- 
 cented vowels by their own, individual characters. No 
 substitution, no omission of vowels at the option of the 
 writer. Words having several prefixes and such 
 having suffixes, form another large class of words that are 
 abbreviated according to a novel and systematic plan. 
 Besides, a systematic plan of characteristically contract- 
 ing monosyllables, and words of two or more syllables 
 having neither prefixes nor suffixes, has been introduced. 
 Frequently recurring consonant groups are contracted 
 according to fixed rules; likewise a number of final syl- 
 lables and a series of important radicals, etc. While 
 other systems contract, blend initial, medial, and final, 
 accented and unaccented syllables without discrimina- 
 tion, we contract final and unaccented syllables only. 
 Natural Shorthand contracts such syllables principally as 
 are contracted, slurred also in ordinary speech. 
 
 Perhaps the most deserving feature of Natural Short- 
 hand is its great simplicity. Such is due principally to 
 the correct and complete representation of the funda- 
 mental sounds of the language, as well as to the logic 
 and consistency of its superstructure. Its word-forms 
 are built up strictly according to the pronunciation as 
 given in the dictionary. It does away with technicali- 
 ties; it enjoins no undue memorizing. Considering its 
 
NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 completeness, its rules are few it is by far the simplest 
 of the connective vowel systems. 
 
 The system, chiefly because of its simplicity, can 
 easily be learned from the instruction books, without the 
 aid of a teacher, and the text-book has been compiled to 
 meet the requirements of those who cannot obtain the 
 services of an instructor. A regular course of daily 
 practice in reading and writing will produce best re- 
 sults, and will enable the student to fully comprenend 
 and master the lessons. Speed of course, can be attained 
 by practice only. 
 
 The work is divided into ten lessons, carefully graded. 
 Its principles are presented and explained in the simplest 
 and clearest manner possible. The illustrations are pro- 
 fuse and from the author's own shorthand notes. The 
 alphabet is given in easy sections. The keywords of the 
 first two lessons are analyzed with respect to sound, to 
 accustom the student to spell phonetically. Word-signs, 
 sentences, and phrases are introduced early, and a Read- 
 ing and Writing Exercise conclude each lesson a plan 
 both beautiful and practical. 
 
 Unlike others, we have not sought to provide for 
 both the amanuensis and the reporter. We have not 
 aimed at extreme brevity, for reporting purposes, but 
 have striven to preserve the essentials of a simple system 
 of shorthand, a system adapted to the average hand and 
 mind. Instead of launching the system as a reporting 
 medium, we have suited the work to the needs of our 
 business colleges and high schools. More than nine- 
 
NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 tenths of those who study shorthand make use of it in 
 commercial work. Why then burden your pupils with a 
 voluminous, overwrought text-book teaching the difficult 
 art of reporting, when they enter your school with a 
 view to preparing for the business off ice f Why not 
 specialize? By choosing a system adapted to your par- 
 ticular needs you will obtain better results and greater 
 satisfaction in the schoolroom. Besides, it will effect a 
 great saving of time, of valuable time that may be uti- 
 lized toward perfecting your student's in other branches. 
 Natural Shorthand is the only system adapted to the 
 particular needs of our young people in connection with 
 commercial work. 
 
 Owing to its simplicity and exactness, Natural Short- 
 hand is also recommended for private memoranda. 
 Teachers, business men, and college students will find its 
 study fascinating and instructive, and its application 
 an accomplishment of great practical value. 
 
 THE SPEED PROBLEM 
 
 A system of shorthand to meet present conditions 
 must be simple, legible, and brief. It must be simple, 
 because shorthand is but a lesser branch in the al- 
 ready overcrowded curriculum of our Advanced Schools, 
 and one eagerly sought for by a great many students of 
 but average means and ability, and whose time is limit- 
 ed. It must be legible, because accuracy, that is legibili- 
 ty, is the chief requisite with the business man who in- 
 sists upon an accurate transcript. It must be brief, be- 
 
10 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 cause you will be required to write down the words of 
 your employer as fast as they are uttered. You must be 
 prepared to meet this requirement; you must have suf- 
 ficient speed to take him. 
 
 To achieve this latter object, to attain sufficient speed 
 for rapid work, we must abbreviate. But, as an increase 
 in brevity is invariably followed by a decrease in legibili- 
 ty, it proved necessary to adopt a method of abbreviation 
 which, while permitting words to be contracted to a con- 
 siderable extent, yet would preserve sufficient legibility 
 to insure the correct reading of the notes. This we ac- 
 complish by systematic abbreviation, that is, by syste- 
 matically abbreviating, contracting certain classes of 
 words, and likewise, by a systematic omission of subordi- 
 nate parts of words. 
 
 In support of the assertion that a simple, unelabor- 
 ated system of shorthand is to be considered superior to 
 a difficult, overwrought style, we take pleasure in quoting 
 from an address of the eminent author and congressional 
 reporter, the late David Wolfe Brown, delivered on the 
 occasion of the World's Congress of Stenographers in 
 Chicago: "I believe, the experience of the first decade 
 of phonography in America has shown that reporting 
 skill can be attained most certainly and most promptly 
 with a simple, unelaborated shorthand system comprising 
 no formidable array of word-signs and phrases a sys- 
 tem making no immoderate demands on the average 
 memory and calling upon the average hand for no over- 
 nice artistic distinctions. I am at issue with those who 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 11 
 
 would require not only every would-be reporter, but 
 every would-be amanuensis, to master a mass of "word- 
 signs," phrases, and so-called "reporting expedients," 
 of which hundreds of our best reporters know nothing 
 theoretically and practically. Such training seems to 
 me a sad mistake, even as a preparation for reporting 
 work. How much greater is the mistake when mere 
 amanuensis training is the immediate object!" 
 
 These remarks are very timely, very pertinent in- 
 deed, and cannot be too urgently recommended to the 
 consideration of the aspiring student as well as to the 
 ambitious and conscientious teacher. They give expres- 
 sion of the dissatisfaction with the present development 
 of shorthand, and point out the direction in which it 
 stands most in need of reform. The solution of the 
 problem as to how to gain speed must be sought, aside 
 from the perfect mastery of the fundamental principles 
 of word-form formation, chiefly in the quick manipula- 
 tion, in the dexterity of the hand in other words, in 
 practice. 
 
 HOW TO PRACTICE 
 
 Let the student practice from dictation. This feature 
 may be introduced as early as Lesson 1, after having 
 previously studied it as directed in Exercises 8 and 9. 
 Get someone to read for you, slowly and carefully at the 
 outset, and with gradually increasing speed. Write each 
 exercise from dictation ten times. However, do not rush 
 for speed. On the contrary, be slow and considerate. 
 
12 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 especially at the beginning of your practice, making your 
 notes exact, symmetrical. Having thus gained the point 
 that you can write correctly, and without hesitation, you 
 have half won the battle. Then speed will come of itself 
 it is the natural outgrowth of correct habits. At the 
 conclusion of the dictation, and the next day, read back 
 what has been written the ability to read your notes 
 word for word is essential. Shorthand is not shorthand 
 unless you can read it. 
 
 Another, very interesting method of increasing speed 
 is that of ' ' concentrated practice. ' ' Take a sentence, and 
 write each word singly one hundred times, slowly at the 
 beginning, with gradually increasing speed. Thereupon 
 the first and second word together, the second and third, 
 the third and fourth, etc., unhesitatingly, yet legibly, 
 each one hundred times. Finally write the whole sen- 
 tence as many times without the slightest hesitation in 
 passing from one word to another. In this manner you 
 will soon be able to write this sentence at the rate of one 
 hundred words per minute and above, and within a com- 
 paratively short time greatly increase your speed 'also 
 on new matter. 
 
 Having thus finished the Manual and the Graded 
 Exercises, choose your dictation matter with regard to 
 the vocation in which shorthand is to be of service to 
 you. If you intend to qualify yourself for amanuensis 
 work in a mercantile office, let business forms and com- 
 mercial letters form your chief practicing material. If 
 you wish to work in a lawyer's office, practice legal 
 
NATURAL, SHORTHAND 13 
 
 forms, lawyer's briefs, and the like. For a change, try 
 your hand at literary matter. It will greatly relieve the 
 monotony of the daily routine. Above all, it will provide 
 you with a large vocabulary, a necessity should you be 
 called upon to take dictation on a subject other than mer- 
 cantile. Each letter, each subject is to be treated separ- 
 ately, and do not proceed to the next before such part 
 is thoroughly mastered, and until it is written absolutely 
 correct, and at a fair rate of speed. It is only by persis- 
 tent practice and by frequent repetition of the same arti- 
 cle that correct habits and -speed are developed. Be 
 energetic about your w r ork, earnest and enthusiastic. You 
 will then make great progress, and succeed. 
 
 By the way, we advise the student to put down in 
 shorthand his private memoranda, letters, daily accounts, 
 etc. It will serve the purpose of further familiarizing 
 him with the art, and rendering it more interesting. 
 Likewise correspond with your friends or fellow-stu- 
 dents in shorthand. Come together for practice, inter- 
 changing ideas and reading each other's notes, the last- 
 named suggestion especially being valuable. Having thus 
 persistently studied and practiced for a length of time, 
 and reached a speed of 100 words a minutes, you may 
 safely apply for a position. Though at the beginning 
 your salary may be small, bear in mind that you lack 
 experience, and as such should be content to begin at 
 the bottom of the ladder. In the meantime perfect your 
 knowledge of shorthand, and become thoroughly ac- 
 quainted with everything pertaining to the ready per- 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 formance of your duties. Imitate those that have been 
 successful before you, profit by their experience, and by 
 so doing you will soon be in a position to employ the 
 winged art as a principal means of gaining a livelihood, 
 and as a "stepping stone" to something higher and 
 better. 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND IS 
 
 LESSON 1 
 
 CONSONANTS 
 
 1. The consonant signs employed in Natural Short- 
 hand are not derived from the circle or the ellipse, but 
 from an analysis of the characters of ordinary writing. 
 The firm, solid downstroke with its modifications has 
 been employed to represent the consonants, while the 
 light, yielding upstroke expresses the vowels. The slope 
 of the shorthand signs likewise is the same as that of 
 longhand. 
 
 The consonant characters are arranged in pairs, and 
 are distinguished by a difference in size. They are di- 
 vided into two grades : t, n, k, p, 1, j, sh, being equal in 
 size to the small m in ordinary writing, are called one 
 grade characters; d, m, g, b, two grade characters. 
 Characters smaller than these (r, ch, s, w) are termed 
 small characters. The first eight characters are struck 
 downward; r and 1 are traced from right to left (in the 
 direction of the arrows) ; ch, j, s, sh, from left to right. 
 Long strokes at the beginning of n and m must be avoid- 
 ed. Observe that the heads of p and & are traced in the 
 form of a loop. 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 ./. ./ ?. ? 
 
 /- / /> / 
 
 t d, n m, 
 
 kg, P b 
 
 fo, . O. . . >_ . O ... o . /O ........ 
 
 r I. ch j, s sh, w 
 
 2. Get an ordinary "composition book," single ruled, and 
 practice the aforegoing consonants by copying them in the 
 order given. Fill at least one page, until you can trace the 
 stenographic characters with neatness and accuracy, and 
 without the slightest hesitation. Write all exercises with ink. 
 Leave blank space on the right of the page for correction of 
 errors. 
 
 VOWELS 
 
 3. The vowels are, as opposed to the consonants which 
 are generally downstrokes, upstrokes, and slope in a for- 
 ward direction. The first six vowels are termed straight 
 vowels, the next four, round vowels, and the remaining 
 six, curved vowels. They are grouped as follows: 
 
 i e, i 01, a a 
 
 as heard in the words 
 edge age, rip reap, nice noise, Sam psalm 
 
NATURAL. SHORTHAND IT 
 
 .^ _ v^ ri rrl . _ rr: s ^ . "rS _ 
 
 6 6, u, aw ow, u, u oo 
 
 as heard in the words 
 
 rob robe, . gun, gnaw now, use, pull pool 
 
 Remark: The student is advised not to practice upon this 
 table of vowels till he has completed Lesson 2, but should fre- 
 quently refer to it for comparison. 
 
 4. It will be observed that the vowels, similar to the 
 consonants, generally occur in pairs, the first of each pair 
 representing a short sound, the second its corresponding 
 long sound. A long vowel is expressed by placing a dot 
 above the sign representing its corresponding short 
 sound. Such accuracy of indication of the various 
 shades of sounds however, is rarely necessary in practi- 
 cal work. It is for this reason also, that the first (u) 
 and the fourth (u) of the curved vowels have not been 
 paired. It is only in unfamiliar or isolated words that 
 the insertion of the dot is necessary. We have intro- 
 duced the dot in the keywords of Lessons 1 and 2, to 
 y;ive the student facility in applying it, but have omitted 
 it in the Exercises, and later on whenever practical. 
 
 The student is recommended to conform his style of 
 writing as regards the size of characters and slant, to that, 
 given in the book. This system however, being founded upon 
 longhand with its variations as to size of characters and slant, 
 does not acknowledge any absolute standard as to a particu- 
 lar style of writing. Be it remarked however, that small 
 notes are more economical than large ones, and that slant 
 writing is generally considered more rapid than vertical. 
 
18 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 COMBINATION OF CONSONANTS AND VOWELS 
 TO WORDS 
 
 5. Consonants and vowels are joined directly, with- 
 out lifting the pen, and follow each other in their natural 
 order. In shorthand we write only that which is actually 
 pronounced. Write as you speak ! Words therefore, are 
 not written according to their spelling, but according to 
 their sound. This implies that vowels having the same 
 sound must be rendered by the same sign, though they 
 be differently expressed. Thus, the vowels ea, ie, ay, u, 
 and ue, as in dead, friend, says, bury, guess, must be ex- 
 pressed like the vowel e in rest, the vowel sound in all 
 these words being the same. Silent vowels, like e in late, 
 or ue in plague, as well as silent consonants, like w in 
 write, gh in night, & in lamb, g in sign, etc., remain un- 
 expressed in shorthand. Similarly, ph is rendered by f, 
 ck by k. 
 
 The pronunciation given in the examples is based on 
 Webster's "New International" Dictionary. Editions of the 
 International are no longer reliable as regards pronunciation, 
 especially with reference to the vowel u. 
 
 6. Study, read, and copy carefully every shorthand word 
 of each paragraph in this lesson. Analyze, as you proceed, 
 each word with respect to its sounds. This may at first pre- 
 sent some difficulty. But the little trouble attendant upon 
 the practice of thus noting the deliberate utterance of a word 
 will indeed many times be repaid by the accuracy and finish 
 which it imparts to your own pronunciation. Having thus 
 reached the Exercises at the conclusion of the lesson, go 
 back over the same ground, first reading the shorthand words 
 keeping the typographic words covered, then writing all typo- 
 graphic words back in shorthand, keeping in turn the short- 
 hand forms covered. Each subsequent lesson is to be treated 
 in like manner before attempting the Exercises thereof. 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 19 
 
 7. 
 
 THE STRAIGHT VOWELS 
 
 edge e-j 
 
 ledge 1-e-j oo 
 
 age a-j 
 
 >o 
 
 wren r-e-n 
 
 wretch r-e-ch 
 
 ram r-a-n 
 
 rip r-i-p 
 
 ridge r-i-j 
 
 reap r-e-p 
 
 sin 
 
 seen 
 
 s-i-n 
 
 ditch d-i-ch /- 
 
 s-e-n 
 
 tie t-i 
 
 nice 
 
 n-i-s 2, 
 
 ties t-i-s 
 
 type t-i-p 
 
 toy t-oi 
 
 noise n-oi-s 2, 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 READING EXERCISE 
 
 8. Read the following shorthand words, comparing 
 word for word with the printed key. Exercise 9. Read 
 them several times, until you can recognize them at sight, 
 without the slightest hesitation. Then transcribe them 
 into longhand, keeping the printed key covered. Com- 
 pare, and correct errors. 
 
 -2..CL. 
 
 WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 9. It will be observed that the Writing Exercise at 
 the conclusion of this paragraph is the key to the Read- 
 ing Exercise at the conclusion of paragraph 8. The 
 same applies to all the Reading and Writing Exercises 
 throughout the book. 
 
 Cover up the Reading Exercise of paragraph 8, and 
 write the words at the conclusion of this paragraph back 
 in shorthand. Write slowly and carefully, and pro- 
 nounce each word in whisper or mentally as you write. 
 Compare, and put down words written wrong on a sep- 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 arate sheet of paper, or better, in a little reference book, 
 to be the subject of special drill and frequent review. 
 Write the exercise several times. Write always from 
 dictation as directed in The Speed Problem. This mode 
 of practice is to be observed with all subsequent Exer- 
 cises, and by closely adhering to this plan you cannot 
 fail of success. 
 
 Say, way, ray, lay, sane, lane, tape, shape, ace, rage, rail, 
 day, Ed, wreck, neck, shell, etch, wretch, wedge, wage, tea, 
 knee, she, see, pea, tease, lease, ear, ears, rear, ease, easy, 
 near, tear, teach, tin, win, itch, each, I, ice, sigh, shy, my, lie, 
 pie, ripe, wipe, rye, Roy. 
 
 Remark: The vowel stroke in Ed and similar words must 
 be elongated to effect the connection with d, m, or g. 
 
NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 LESSON 2 
 
 THE ROUND VOWELS 
 
 10. Review directions of Exercise 6 as to the general 
 mode of studying the lessons. Bear in mind that it is 
 only by a rigid course of study, and by the faithful ad- 
 herence to the plan laid down that you may expect to 
 progress satisfactorily. 
 
 Sam 
 
 rap 
 
 psalm 
 
 s-a-m 
 
 r-a-p 
 
 s-a-m 
 
 tan 
 
 sash 
 
 calm 
 
 t-a-n 
 
 s-a-sh 
 
 c-a-m 
 
 rob 
 
 gone 
 
 robe 
 
 r-6-b 
 
 g-o-n 
 
 r-o-b 
 
 top 
 
 t-o-p 
 
 lodge 1-6-j 
 
 tope t-o-p 
 
 THE CURVED VOWELS 
 
 11. While the straight and the round vowel strokes 
 are simplicity in form and execution, the curved vowels, 
 
NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 23 
 
 however, require particular attention. They are com- 
 pound strokes, shallow double curves slanting in a for- 
 ward direction. They should be struck with a light, uni- 
 form movement. Practice the curved vowels until you 
 acquire the knack of making them correctly and grace- 
 fully. Study the models. 
 
 sup 
 
 tun 
 
 touch 
 
 s-u-p 
 
 t-u-n 
 
 t-u-ch 
 
 jniaw 
 
 lawn 
 
 now 
 
 n-aw 
 
 1-aw-n 
 
 n-ow 
 
 use 
 
 pew- 
 
 new 
 
 u-s 
 
 p-u 
 
 n-u 
 
 puss 
 
 rue 
 
 loose 
 
 p-u-s 
 
 r-oo 
 
 1-oo-s 
 
 Remark: This exhausts the vowels (and diphthongs) of 
 the system. Be sure you understand them. Study their char- 
 acteristics, separately and in groups. Compare them as to 
 shape, size, and direction. Observe that the last three vowels 
 succeeding consonants, -are struck through the line of writing. 
 
2 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 12. R and w are written in the curve of curved 
 vowels. R and 1 following T or oi, are struck to the 
 right. Otherwise write them as usual. 
 
 run rub raw worry war wall 
 
 tire sire tile toil tyro silo 
 
 . 4 . . _ x, . . 4, . . . ^ _ _ /fc_x . . ^a-x. 
 
 Remarks: R and I, though sometimes traced in the di- 
 rection of ch and j, respectively, as in run, raw, tire, tile, can- 
 not be confounded with the latter, as will be seen later on. 
 Besides, there are no similar words to clash. 
 
 13. Vowels that are struck horizontally -T, oi, a, 
 a, o, o are joined initially to downstrokes above the 
 line. Similarly the last three of the curved vowels. 
 
 Ida Annie analyze Otto Utah 
 
 READING EXERCISE 
 
 14. Review directions of Exercise 8. Give your at- 
 tention also to the longhand transcript. Let it present a 
 neat and clean appearance, and be free from errors in 
 spelling. 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND IS 
 
 //>.. .ft-. -^ -O^- - <- - 
 
 WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 15. The complete vowel scale, paragraph 3, together 
 with its symbols, should now be reviewed and copied by 
 the student five times. Thereupon transcribe the words 
 below back into shorthand as directed in paragraph 9. 
 
 Air, rare, gas, match, nap, marry, alley, ash, Ella, Ni- 
 agara, cap, Emma, arise, alas, catch, care, carriage, area, tare, 
 tar, row, know, show, low, so, toe, woe, go, roar, roll, door, 
 Cora, piano, depot, sown, Leo, Rosa, arrow, narrow, sorrow, 
 coach, Roger, watch, wash, pop, sop, soap; par. 11: err, herb, 
 up, tub, gun, saw, law, due, mew, lieu, tissue, Louis; par. 12: 
 wire, wile, tire, tires, pile, mile, ire, isle; par. 13: idea, idol, 
 Anna, obey, oak, opera, Ottawa. 
 
26 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 LESSON 3 
 
 CONSONANT CONNECTIONS 
 
 16. S has two sounds, sharp and soft. Soft s (z), 
 being of little practical importance, is represented by 
 the sign for sharp s. When necessary to distinguish it 
 from the latter, add a dot. 
 
 says ways zero cozy race raise 
 
 17. The termination es is expressed by s only. The 
 similar endings ess, ace, ays are written in full. 
 
 catches lodges poses possess terrace essays 
 
 18. For the purpose of better connection, ch and j 
 occurring at the beginning of words, are placed below 
 the line. When preceding u or oo, however, they remain 
 on the line. Compare Remark, paragraph 12. 
 
 chain chip jay John jaw Jew 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 27 
 
 19. Words illustrating the use of h, wh, st, sk, ng, 
 nk, sp, sn, sm, nch, nj, and x. 
 
 h wh st sk ng nk sp sn sm 
 
 a ~) O ^v) 
 
 .?./. .?..?..?.-/- .?--'?-./- 
 
 nch nj x Harry whip store mask 
 
 . 2 . / _ &^. . . 2/ > . . . 2_f . . &?. 
 sing sink spy snow smash wrench Texas 
 
 Remarks: The heads of st and sk should be made small. 
 JOJD ch and j closely to the preceding n, so that no intermedi- 
 ate s may be read. The initial stroke of x is smaller than 
 the final one; it is slightly curved, and slants to the right. 
 
 20. K and / following consonants, are placed to the 
 left of siuh consonants. Before oo however, join them 
 to the riht. 
 
 try dress shriek 
 _ </-. ../... 
 ply blow class 
 
 trash crow draw 
 
 claw 
 
 glue 
 
 Remark: In joining r and I to the foot of consonants, we 
 trace them in the direction of ch and j, respectively. In such 
 and similar combinations, rand I cannot possibly be mistaken for 
 ch and j, because the latter are joined to consonants in a 
 different manner as illustrated in paragraph 19 (nj). 
 
28 NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 21. Note the combinations tw, dvv, qu, (phon. kw), 
 and ngu (ngw). W and 1 of the combinations sw and si, 
 respectively, are traced to the right when before a 
 straight or curved vowel, and are formed with a single 
 inflection of the pen. 
 
 twice twist queer sway slay slum 
 
 22. F and v are "one" and "two grade" characters, 
 respectively. At the beginning of words draw them al- 
 ways upward, in the middle and at the end of words, al- 
 ways downward. 
 
 f v foe few fun free flee 
 
 safe life laugh office vain stove 
 
 23. F occurring before I or e at the beginning of a 
 w r ord, adopts the direction of these vowels. Initial v fol- 
 lowed by i, e, 1, or oi, is expressed by a small hook. 
 
 fin fix Philip vista vie voice 
 
 Remark: In words like Philip, fear, rest r and I on the 
 line, the vowel sound being already sufficiently clear. 
 
NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 24. We express y by a small hook below the line, ac- 
 commodating itself to the direction of the vowels. It is 
 the reverse of the v hook. 
 
 yea 
 
 yes 
 
 yellow 
 
 yeast 
 
 yore 
 
 25. Th and dh (soft th) are struck downward when 
 at the beginning and in the middle of words. At the end 
 of words they are expressed by the same signs struck 
 upward. 
 
 th dh thatch thrice thorough though 
 
 Matthew 
 
 Agatha 
 
 . te_ 
 
 loath loathe 
 
 depth 
 
 Ai. 
 
 Remark: Final th succeeding a consonant, as in depth, 
 is expressed by the downstroke. In practical work it is gen 
 erally omitted. 
 
 26. U occurring between two consonants, is express- 
 ed by intersection, that is by striking one characier 
 through another. This is done either direct, as in news, 
 or by means of the hairstroke, as in lure. 
 
 news 
 
 deuce 
 /. . 
 
 Luc 
 
 lure 
 .Go. 
 
 cure 
 
30 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 huge dupe Cuba duke bureau 
 
 fo . . . _ & . . - . / . - . -/_..- x^- - 
 
 Remark: Before a round vowel trace r to the left, as in 
 bureau. Compare tyro, paragraph 12. 
 
 27. Medial oo and u preceding any character but s, 
 are expressed by their respective signs straightened out 
 along the line. When followed by medial t or d, express 
 them by an inverted oo crossed by a short, waved line. 
 These latter words are very rare. 
 
 noon loop tour roost Rudolph 
 
 . _ . Q_ f - _ Z j> . _ o. -j> ... 
 
 Remark: Placing r and I to the right of consonants as in 
 troop, gloom, conforms with the second part of Rule 20. Com- 
 pare troop ami true, gloom and glue, Gen. Exercise, Par. 30. 
 
 WORD SIGNS 
 
 28. It is a well-known fact that the bulk of all writ- 
 ten and spoken language is made up of short words, 
 chiefly monosyllables, such as the articles, pronouns, con- 
 junctions, etc. Because of their great frequency, these 
 words have been assigned special, brief forms, called 
 word-signs. They are of great help towards attaining 
 speed, hence should be carefully memorized. The num- 
 ber of word-signs for general use should be limited; and 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 let the individual writer enlarge and extend this list as 
 the requirements of his work may demand. 
 
 to 
 
 do 
 
 not me 
 
 count 
 
 good 
 
 . 
 
 / 
 
 7 7 
 
 r . 
 
 /" 
 
 put 
 
 by 
 
 the all 
 
 man 
 
 can 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 o O 
 
 .2 . . 
 
 c 
 
 is 
 
 should 
 
 shall 
 
 on it 
 
 who 
 
 ^ 
 
 . /-) - 
 
 /"i. . 
 
 - _ ^_ 
 
 
 GENERAL EXERCISE 
 
 29. This Exercise presents a list of words illustrat- 
 ing the several paragraphs of this lesson at length. The 
 mode of practice explained in Exercises 8 and 9 applies 
 alike to all General Exercises throughout the book. 
 
 f . - 2 - . 4, - - 
 
32 
 
 NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 - C-,. - 
 
 - f - 
 
NATURAL, SHORTHAND 33 
 
 "Tops, knobs, tacks, loss, toss, rise, cigars, zone, lazy, 
 gazelle, cease, seize, gauze; par. 17: riches, dodges, ace, aces, 
 essay, essays, tosses, lashes, cares, caress; par. 18: cherry, 
 chin, choice, porch, gem, gin, jug, jam, jolly, Jewess; par. 19: 
 hay, hedge, hero, high, hair, hash, harsh, hose, hollow, home, 
 haw, hue, why, while, stay, stitch, stow, stop, stew, nest, scarce, 
 sky, desk, wing, wink, angry, spare, lisp, snap, smile, inch, 
 range, sex, Max, ox; par. 20: train, tree, trip, trap, trim, dry, 
 drum, grass, grow, grip, cry, crest, crape, crazy, crisp, Christ, 
 priest, prayer, brace, bridge, strain, strip, straw, scratch, 
 shrink, shrub, shrill, glean, gloss, clip, clear, pledge, 
 blast, blue, grew; par. 21: dwell, twin, square, squire, query, 
 sweep, swim, slim, swum, swam, slam; par. 22: fetch, fan, 
 fast, follow, force, fudge, fuel, fry, freeze, fly, flesh, knife, 
 coffee, taffy, leaf, loaf, wife, grieve, Joseph, fate, fade, vest, 
 vast, valley, live, strive, carve, heavy, levy; par. 23: fee, fear, 
 fish, feet, feed, vim, veal, via, viola, vice, vile, voyage; par. 
 24: yell, year; par. 25: thief, Theresa, throw, path, both, 
 length; par. 26: pews, muse, newsy, fuse, diffuse, pure, purify, 
 allure, mature, inure, fury, mule, tube, cube, puny, Tunis 
 puma; par. 27: wool, tool, poor, soup, push, roof, group, bal- 
 loon, Judith, true, troop, glue, gloom. 
 
 READING EXERCISE 
 
 30. Before proceeding, copy the word-signs, Par. 28, 
 five times. If you meet a word in the exercises that you 
 cannot decipher, let it remind you that the lesson is not 
 thoroughly understood, and stands in need of repetition. 
 You will find that an occasional going back is a good 
 thing, and will prove an aid rather than a delay. Note 
 difficult words, especially also phrases, and jot them 
 down in your reference book. The punctuation marks 
 are the same as in longhand. 
 
34 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 O- . 
 
 ^ /" ^ ^ ^/7 / . a^- .x^x /v- 
 
 Co cX / -<_^ . <^- ^ VO S O 
 
 / O . 
 
 WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 31. The student will observe in the Reading and 
 Writing Exercises word-signs that are joined together, 
 as, I-can-not, to-see, you-shall, etc. Such combi- 
 nation of word-signs are called phrases. The student 
 is advised to confine himself to the phrases presented in 
 the Reading and Writing Exercises until he reaches Les- 
 son 7, where phrase writing is taught and illustrated in 
 a separate chapter. 
 
 In this connection we again advise the student not 
 to be too anxious to obtain speed in writing. He should 
 be content to begin slowly and carefully so that his 
 notes approach those in the text-book in points of neat- 
 ness and accuracy. In other words, he should cultivate 
 a correct and legible style of writing, then speed will 
 take care of itself. 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND II 
 
 I owe you (To u). Your folly I-can-not bear to-see. 
 The knife is-not yours ; who owns it ? Henry. You-shalU 
 not lie. Dan is fair to-my nephew Sam. A* good boy 
 is known by-all. Harry wishes to-see my new pony. 
 Emma goes away to Iowa. Papa says you-should count 
 all your cash. Boys, roll up your sleeves; it-is up to- 
 you. Alice can sing a song. Otto is off on-a trip to Italy 
 to-see Rome. Put your cap away. No man is always 
 wise. Flee sin. Say "I-can-do it.'' It-is an easy task. 
 Good-bv to all. 
 
 *Generally pronounced like a in ask. See Webster's 
 "New International" Dictionary. 
 
36 NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 LESSON 4 
 
 SPECIAL ABBREVIATION 
 
 32. Chiefly for the purpose of rendering frequent 
 monosyllables short and characteristic, we employ a few 
 special abbreviating devices. They are restricted almost 
 exclusively to the final portion of words. 
 
 33. A number of frequent monosyllables ending on 
 ick are expressed by their initial downstrokes together 
 with a short, straight backstroke. 
 
 tick thick pick kick lick 
 
 Remark. This short backstroke is the initial stroke of 
 x (ks), and as such expresses k, a component part of the 
 syllable abbreviated. 
 
 34. jV is represented by an additional character, a 
 short horizontal stroke. It is used finally only, after r 
 and 1. S following auxiliary n is slanted backward. 
 
 darn mourn stol(e)n swoll(e)n mourns 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 35. R preceding a consonant can often be omitted. 
 Similarly we generally omit n of the combination nj. 
 Compare Par. 19. 
 
 large church serve orange strange 
 . (LO ____ ^? _ . . s-rf . - - ^^o ___ ..#?.. 
 
 36. Joining r to the right of downstrokes (Compare 
 par. 20), expresses awr (or). 
 
 nor corn horse torch Norway 
 
 37. The reversing principle of the preceding chap- 
 ter, slightly modified, is employed also to express the 
 syllable er (Tr, ur) when occurring before characters 
 that are struck with a forward motion, namely s, sh, n, 
 m, j, and upstroke th and dh. It is used also finally. 
 
 terse turnip urge earth her 
 
 38. Auxiliary n slightly waved expresses in; adding 
 a dot signifies oin. 
 
 pine kine mine tine coin 
 _ >- . . . XL. _ . Z ___ / ---- # --- 
 
 449502 
 
38 
 
 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 39. The termination own is expressed by resting the 
 full length of ow on the line. The dot of ow may be 
 omitted. 
 
 town down gown noun 
 
 brown 
 
 40. 
 
 GENERAL EXERCISE 
 
 _ . . 
 
 
 Dick, sick, nick, stick; par. 34: borne, torn, worn, 
 barn, yarn, darns; par. 35: nerve, curve, serves, starve, 
 Bertha, Martha, birch, lurch. George, warm, arrange, hinge, 
 sponge, lounge, passenger; par. 36: born, thorn, morn, born. 
 north; par. 37: terse, purse, hearse, nurse, mercy, Jersey, learn, 
 burn, furnace, term, firm, surge, scourge, birth, mirth, sir, 
 pur, stir, cur, blur; par. 38: dine, spine, line, twine, brine, join, 
 loin; par. 39: drawn, tines, towns. 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 41. WORD-SIGNS 
 
 great take here about was come 
 
 dear sure give back over from 
 _</. ___ /^_ ._/..._.. .*-P- . -^- 
 
 thank very first trust where some 
 .<? ___ . o< . . 7. . _ ^ ____ _, _ _ *v-. . 
 
 42. READING EXERCISE 
 
 &> / O . ^ s> <t-s . o c/ I/? ^ ^J> . 
 
 OS S^ 7 . S~* . ^^~) S O 
 6 Q_> . &. </i^ 
 
 " 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 43. Give thanks to all. Anna is back from church. 
 The great storm is over. Come over to-see me about-the 
 check from Henry Brown. March over here to-the rear. 
 Martha wore a silk dress on her birthday. The train 
 from Troy was very slow; it-is to-reach Lake Erie by 
 noon. Aim sure. I-wish you all good luck. Flora fell 
 to-the floor. Corn grows on stalks. Fear the wrong. 
 Dear mamma, where-is Nora ? Give alms to-the poor man. 
 Bertha may take a trip to Des Moines. The teacher 
 teaches ; the boys learn. Eleanor took a book to look up 
 a rule. I-trust to-see her some day. Do try to-reach the 
 goal first. Drops day by day wear rocks away. Now 
 I lay me down to-sleep. 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 LESSON 5 
 
 THE LENGTHENING PRINCIPLE 
 
 44. Elongating a vowel one grade adds t, two grades, 
 d. The elongation takes place in the direction of the 
 vowel. 
 
 day 
 
 debt 
 
 dead 
 
 lee 
 
 lit 
 
 lid 
 
 tie 
 
 tight tide 
 
 man mat mad 
 
 .1. . 2/. - - V. 
 
 no 
 
 knot 
 
 nod 
 
 come cut cud 
 
 Remark: The forms for man and come are word-signs 
 already given in previous lessons. 
 
 45. Final t and d following r, /, u, u, or oo are ex- 
 pressed in a similar manner by their upstrokes, two and 
 three grades, respectively. We write also final irst with 
 upstroke t. 
 
 cart 
 
 card 
 
 old salute rude 
 
 thirst 
 
 Remark: The disconnected e stroke is employed to dis- 
 tinguish between a few similar forms illustrated in the Writing 
 Exercises, as suit and suet, guard and garret. 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 46. Elongating: a consonant one grade adds t, two 
 grades. <7. T of the combination // is struck upward two 
 grades. 
 
 wren rent rend 
 
 print 
 
 *7- 
 
 sand dreamt 
 
 kept tact strict text 
 
 lift 
 
 graft 
 
 47. Elongating In and oin one grade expresses \nt, 
 oint; elongating In two grades signifies Ind. Compare 
 Par. 38. 
 
 pint 
 
 kind 
 
 mind 
 
 joint 
 
 Remark: In order to render words written according to 
 this aud the following paragraph still more characteristic and 
 speedy, let the double curve of the endings show a decided 
 little jog as in the illustrations. 
 
 48. Elongating own one grade expresses cwnt 
 (ount), two grades, ownd (ound). Compare Par. 39. 
 
 mount mound 
 
 hound pound ground 
 
 Remark: For the sake of easy execution, we write the 
 forms for fount and found with the Tnt and Ind curves, re- 
 spectively. Insert the ow dot above found to distinguish it 
 from find. See Writing Exercise. 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 43 
 
 49. The ending ed expressing the past tense is re- 
 presented by a small backward curve. Distinguish be- 
 tween the past tense of some verbs and the adjectives 
 derived therefrom, as in learned, learned'. 
 
 rented carried erred tossed learned learned' 
 
 50. 
 
 GENERAL EXERCISE 
 
 /y /? 
 
 - -Q/-.-- 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 Net, Ned, let, led, set, said, hit, hid, writ, rid, write, ride, 
 height, hide, at, add, pat, pad, got, God, nut, rut, taught, 
 Nettie, solid, rocket, hatchet, budget, bonnet; par. 45: start, 
 lard, colt, cold, told, tardy, alto, flirt, shirt, bird, dirt, dearth, 
 foot, root, suit, suet, guard, garret, worst, burst; par. 46: 
 lent, lend, grant, went, ant, candy, pant, pantry, apt, act, cor- 
 rect, practice, soft, aloft, left, theft, swift, drift, craft, shaft; 
 par. 47: bind, blind, hind, rind, find, point; par. 48: bound, 
 round, fount, found; par. 49: hinted, lamed, sinned, laughed, 
 dashed, rested, knocked, passed, leased, reached, laid, mar- 
 ried, mowed, glued, mourned. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WORD-SIGNS 
 
 51. The following is a list of simple word-signs ar- 
 ranged alphabetically. The words presented are of fre- 
 quent occurrence, hence the necessity of committing them 
 to memory. This is best accomplished by frequently 
 copying, and writing from dictation Exercise 52, which 
 contains them all. 
 
 Remarks: In a few instances, a single word-sign is used 
 to represent more than one word, as a, and be, by. Such words, 
 however, belong to different parts of speech, hence will not 
 give rise to confusion. The signs for that, those, this and 
 these are struck downward, those for other and would, up- 
 ward. The word-signs of this list agree with the rules so far 
 presented. 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 a, an ^ 
 
 back <f 
 
 could s 
 
 about / 
 
 bank ^ 
 
 count /" 
 
 above ^ 
 
 because 
 
 complete aS? 
 
 after </ 
 
 be, by / 
 
 dear </ 
 
 again ? 
 
 been ^ 
 
 did /- 
 
 against 
 
 before c/ 
 
 difficult j 
 
 ago -* ' 
 
 best /? 
 
 direct /^r 
 
 all O 
 
 better ^ 
 
 do / 
 
 already G 
 
 between x^ 
 
 done X- 
 
 am .^ . 
 
 book / 
 
 equal ^-^ 
 
 among r^J 
 
 but, us <^ 
 
 ever,-y ^ , -^~ 
 
 and, a ^ 
 
 can c- 
 
 favor 9 
 
 another o? 
 
 certain s-r 
 
 first 7 
 
 any 2-- 
 
 charge o/o 
 
 for c 
 
 as ^- s 
 
 collect C-/ 
 
 friend /? 
 
 ask J 
 
 come X 2 ' 
 
 from c_^ 
 
<c 
 
 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 full < > 
 
 it ^ 
 
 most 2^ 
 
 general y? 
 
 just <? 
 
 must ^ 
 
 give 
 
 keep f^~ 
 
 much ^ 
 
 glad 
 
 knowledge <Lx? 
 
 never ?* 
 
 good /" 
 
 last G. 
 
 next / 
 
 great of 
 
 letter / 
 
 not 7 
 
 hand E 
 
 like 7- 
 
 n't 
 
 have . ? . 
 
 long ^ 
 
 nothing 7 
 
 has (7i 
 
 love c?-^ 
 
 number /^ 
 
 had 6 
 
 make 2 
 
 o'clock "~f 
 
 he, how 7 
 
 man c 
 
 of -- 
 
 here, hear o? 
 
 mail g/ 
 
 on 
 
 his 3 
 
 many X^- 
 
 one 
 
 him " 
 
 me 7 
 
 other / 
 
 ln 
 
 month 2 
 
 our 
 
 is o 
 
 more ^ 
 
 out . - 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 47 
 
 over o 
 
 small *~J 
 
 this, these ) y > 
 
 past 6 
 
 some, sum ^r-^ 
 
 then, than A" 
 
 person ^ 
 
 soon "7 
 
 them / 
 
 place /? 
 
 south ,-/ 
 
 there, their </* 
 
 please ^ 
 
 special 7^ 
 
 therefore of 
 
 put / 
 
 speak - 
 
 they / 
 
 railroad rP' 
 
 stand ?^ 
 
 think /^ 
 
 railway ey 
 
 strong <,-_ 
 
 to. too / 
 
 same sY 
 
 study 7^ 
 
 together ^ 
 
 school 07 
 
 sure /-^ 
 
 through 4? 
 
 several ^ 
 
 such ST> 
 
 trust ^ 
 
 shall ^l 
 
 take X' 
 
 under 3 
 
 should /O 
 
 tell ^ 
 
 very a^ 
 
 ship v" 
 
 thank df 
 
 was v o 
 
 short S9 
 
 the o 
 
 want < ' 
 
 shorthand ^T> 
 
 that, those c , c 
 
 we 
 
48 
 
 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 well 9 
 
 which / 
 
 word /> 
 
 were ^ 
 
 who 
 
 worth s> 
 
 what 
 
 will 
 
 work rf 
 
 where <^ 
 
 with (^ 
 
 would -^ 
 
 52. READING EXERCISE 
 
 X" - 7 ' 
 
 </ 9 . 
 
 A *-. 
 
 X. 
 
 o 
 
 9 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 & 9 2. ^# CLS . ' OS ' ^ 
 
 /^ 7 o x7 r , J? 
 
 z /> . ^ // , 
 
 /~0 ~^? O _ -> O S 
 
 / 
 
 WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 53. Try, try again. He-who laughs last, laughs best. 
 The boys too, did study their task with-a will; they-are 
 bound to-make good. Tell him it-will-be difficult to ship 
 them another lot of-the same goods after-the first of May. 
 
60 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 Many thanks for-the great favor. It-is already over-a 
 month-ago that we shipped you a complete line of silk dress 
 goods. Why then do-we-not hear-f rom-you ? Please pay up 
 at-the bank, and-that very-soon. Do as you-would-be done by. 
 Speak that which you-know is true. Much ado about nothing. 
 Short words and numbers are better to-the point than long, 
 difficult ones. I-am-glad to-say the man had just come back 
 here to-see his friend. None but-the best. Be-sure to-mail 
 every letter together with-what boxes our doorkeeper may 
 give you. I-must buy these goods, and shall put you in-charge 
 of-the storage. The copies wanted were well cared for under 
 a separate lock. Because of lack of time they-should-not like 
 to-be put to-any such work just-now. Give me the name that 
 was asked for, also that of-the other person. These wares are 
 very fine, handmade throughout, and must-be sold within two 
 days. However difficult, the Railroad-Company is certain to- 
 run a special train direct south to-several places on-the Wa- 
 bash railway. Before he left Detroit he could-have shipped us 
 the above dry-goods. I-trust you-will next collect the small 
 sum in-full. Better late than never. I-think the several ac- 
 counts have-been paid at-the bank at half past one o'clock. 
 Take nothing for granted. We-love those most that are dear 
 to us. Equal rights to all- This life is-a great school where 
 knowledge is worth more-than riches Shorthand in-general 
 writes all words by sound. We-say "among many persons, but 
 between two friends." Where there-is-a will, there-is-a way. 
 Stand fast therefore, and strike out with-a strong arm against- 
 the folly of "I-can't do it." 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 81; 
 
 LESSON 6 
 
 GENERAL ENDINGS 
 
 54. The principle of invariably expressing all ac- 
 cented vowels by their particular, individual characters, 
 and all unaccented, obscure vowels either by their own 
 characters or by their nearest equivalents, applies es- 
 pecially to words having endings. Thus the vowels o in 
 roller (roller). S in cellar (seller), i in mirror (mirrer), 
 o in chorus (korus), 5 in oral (oral), being accented, are 
 always and invariably expressed by their own, particular 
 characters, while the e, a, o, u, a, being unaccented, ob- 
 scure, are represented by the closely related and highly 
 practical sign for e. 
 
 roller cellar mirror chorus oral 
 
 Remark: It will be observed that we substitute only two 
 unaccented vowels, u, (e) and a, by another unaccented 
 vowel, namely e. Accented vowels are never substituted, in- 
 terchanged by another vowel. 
 
 55. Medially, unaccented vowels are expressed, and 
 that by their own individual characters. Excepted is 
 unaccented u (e), as in balustrade, opera, which is ex- 
 pressed also medially by e, its nearest equivalent. The 
 
62 NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 exceptions are rare. Compare the unaccented vowels in 
 final syllables, paragraph 54. 
 
 notary decorate saturate balustrade opera 
 
 56. Referring to paragraph 54, we omit the unac- 
 cented vowel occurring after a downstroke or upstroke 
 (t, d) consonant followed by final r or L 
 
 manner tenor treasure latter triple saddle 
 .20. . . /9. . . STd . - . of. .. <. . . ^/.. 
 
 Remark: Considerations for brevity and fluency of writ- 
 ing prompt us to write the forms for trousers, misery, desert, 
 generous, lantern, and similar words given in the Exercises. 
 according to this rule. The forms are slightly exceptional, 
 the r not being final. 
 
 57. Final / may be omitted in polysyllables; likewise 
 in trisyllables and dissyllables of frequent occurrence or 
 of characteristic form. Similarly we omit final r follow- 
 ing dh (th). Words ending on sJ join the I above the s. 
 
 trisyllable cardinal trouble mother tres(t)l(e) 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 53 
 
 58. The ending en (an, on, in) is expressed by aux- 
 iliary n Elongating the en ending one grade expresses 
 en (ant, out, \nt) -, two grades, end, (and, ond, ind). 
 
 den Herman lesson cabin pardon ration 
 
 ten tent tend men meant mend 
 
 59. The termination tion (sion) following a vowel is 
 always written in full when occurring in dissyllables. In 
 trisyllables we express it by the en ending together with 
 the preceding vowel, and in polysyllables, by the en 
 ending only. 
 
 station donation solution animation locomotion 
 
 60. The termination nee (nse) is represented by a 
 dot formed with an evolute motion, that is to the right. 
 The unaccented vowels e, i, preceding this and similar 
 endings, can often be omitted. 
 
 dance sense quince Florence Lawrence ounce 
 _ 6- - - -v . . fC . 
 
 science tower fewer satiate Italian 
 
 Remark: Generally speaking, we do not express the y 
 sound in words like Italian, brilliant, vineyard. However, it 
 may be expressed, especially in, proper names like Rudyard. 
 by striking y through the character following it. Compare 
 also cannon and canyon. See Writing Exercises. 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 61. Adverbial ly is represented by a dot formed 
 with an involute motion, that is to the left. Final ing 
 is expressed by a disconnected dot. Note final ings, 
 ingly, and ington. Both ly and ing can often be omitted 
 in fast writing. 
 
 nearly richly nicely sadly highly lowly 
 .7* , . t>>^ . . . 2* _ . i/. . . 2, . . . C* - 
 
 thing knowing lodging sayings knowingly Washington 
 - A . . "?-^'- . . Q^o . . /-/". . . . t-s'. . . . *-sr/~. . 
 
 62. GENERAL EXERCISE 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 55 
 
 ^ - 
 
 <^ - 
 
 <2- 
 
 ? & 
 
 01 
 
 Seller, dealer, similar, collar, color, terror, horror, moral, 
 bonus, pious, famous, joyous; par. 55: rotary, salary, tyranny, 
 rectorate, licorice, pastoral, maturate, camera; par. 56: sister, 
 differ, offer, foster, suffer, usher, liquor, leisure, patter, motor, 
 shelter, murder, daughter, lighter, writer, literature, maple, 
 panel, marshal, baffle, mantel, triple, couple, social, capsule, 
 hostile, mobile, settle, settler, rattle, rattler, total, turtle, title, 
 trousers, nippers, scissors, slippers, misery, mystery, cream- 
 ery, scenery, desert, hazard, custard, shepherd, generous, oner- 
 ous, lantern, western, pattern; par. 57: monosyllable, syllable, 
 disciple, official, initial, miracle, able, travel, trifle, further far- 
 ther, father, brother, gather, rather, Arthur, wrestle, parcel, ton- 
 sil; par. 58: when, open, weapon, ribbon, Stephen, captain, Ger- 
 man, Sherman, session, dozen, season, parson, cotton, written, 
 
66 NATURAL. SHORTHANU 
 
 tighten, matron, patron, stolen, glycerin, station, stationer. 
 stationery, talent, parent, peasant, sent, spent, patent, urgent, 
 tolerant, tenant, send, spend, garland, almond, tender; par. 59: 
 narration, allusion, position, fascination, meditation, 
 termination, litigation, origination; par. 60: lens, es- 
 sence, offense, license, prince, lance, Clarence, dunce, tense, 
 radiance, nuisance, layer, mower, towel, radiate, onion, bril- 
 liant, vineyard, Rudyard, cannon, canyon; par. 61: daily, 
 mostly, shortly, nightly, Manley, selling, trying, writing, do- 
 ings, sparingly, Wellington. 
 
 63. READING EXERCISE 
 
 f 
 
 & y 
 
 o / &$_ Qj 
 
 ^ / <r 
 
 6? o (/? X. 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 67 
 
 <> L /> . > 
 
 WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 64. Knowledge is power. An apt and diligent pupil 
 is-the teacher's joy. Life is-not so short, but there-is 
 always time for courtesy. Checks and drafts are cashed 
 by-the bank. Talking without thinking is like shoot- 
 ing without aiming. To-save time is to lengthen life. 
 Violent passion shortens your life. Guard your tongue, 
 for words often do great harm. Saying and doing are 
 two things. The passenger train left the station very 
 late. The choir sang a hymn after-the sermon. The 
 rose is styled the queen of flowers. Never mind the 
 future; you-are to-master the task before-you. 
 
 Dear-Sir:* Last-night we shipped by special fast 
 freight two dozen tailor-made men's suits partly scorch- 
 ed in-a recent fire, and offer the lot for $90 net. We- 
 trust you-will keep the goods at-that price. We- 
 shall give you ten days time. 
 
 Yours-truly, 
 
58 NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 Dear-Sirs : In-reply-to-your-letter* we-should-say 
 that the goods are hurt more-than stated. The color has 
 suffered throughout, and-the collars of -more-than a dozen 
 coats are torn off. Also several trousers are in bad 
 shape. Allow us thirty days and we-shall pay you in 
 due time. 
 
 Truly-yours, 
 
 *To meet the demands of such urging an extended list of 
 word-signs we have added at the end of the book, an Appendix 
 consisting of additional word-signs and phrases. In a few 
 instances we have embodied a convenient form in the Exer- 
 cises. 
 
NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 LESSON 7 
 
 GROUPING OF CONSONANTS 
 
 65. In writing consonant groups simply join the 
 second character where the first ends. 
 
 kidney napkin stagnant lymph Webster 
 
 66. We express mp by a small downstroke, and in- 
 dicate mb by placing a downstroke tick above &. The 
 tick can often be omitted. 
 
 limp camp trump timber bombard 
 
 67. Sk following a downstroke is indicated by pla- 
 cing a dot above such stroke. In practical work the dot 
 is generally omitted. We omit p when between m and I. 
 
 mansion section adoption empty prompt 
 
 68. Compound words are often written in full. 
 When they admit of abbreviation, write the first word 
 in full and indicate the remainder by the first character 
 or characters. When consisting of word-signs only, 
 simply join them. 
 
CO NATURAL. SHORTHAND 
 
 highway nowadays semiannual hereafter sometime 
 
 Remark: Compound words should be connected if such 
 can be done with facility and without detriment to legibility; 
 otherwise write them separately, but close together. In com- 
 pounds and in phrases we express time by ti. 
 
 69. Polysyllables having neither prefixes nor suf- 
 fixes can often be abbreviated by omitting the final sylla- 
 ble or syllables, especially if the latter directly succeed 
 principal < or d. In other words, write only as much as 
 will be necessary to suggest the word when transcribing. 
 
 material hotel academy children economy 
 
 Remark: This rule generally applies to words of more 
 than two syllables. However, since many words the initial 
 syllable or syllables of which peculiar to themselves only, are 
 sufficiently and characteristically indicated by such syllables. 
 it is permissible to extend the application of this rule to 
 words of but two syllables, and sometimes to monosyllables, 
 also. 
 
 70. GENERAL EXERCISE 
 
NATURAL, SHORTHAND 61 
 
 t, 
 
 Sidney, Edmund, catkin, acme, Agnes, signature, cam- 
 phor, remnant, nymph, songster, lobster, monster; par. 66: 
 lamp, stamp, damp, hemp, jump, mumps, thump, cramps, 
 dumped, umpire, simple, example, lumber, nimble, thimble; 
 par. 67: option, caption, mention, transient, essential, func- 
 tion, action, fraction, suction, auction, diction, dictionary, 
 temptation; par. 68: daybook, copybook, baseball, master- 
 piece, midnight, beefsteak, breakfast, shortsighted, typewriter, 
 pastime, thanksgiving, bookkeeping, birthday, namesday, by- 
 law, first-rate, headache, no one, someone, anyone, anyway, 
 everywhere, evermore, whenever, however, whichever, for- 
 ever, wherever, everyone, everlasting, upon, herein, hereby, 
 hereupon, therein, thereafter, thereupon, thereby, thereto, 
 thereof, thereat, whereto, whereabout, whereupon, whereby, 
 whereas, whereat, wherein, whereon, elsewhere; par. 69: 
 pneumonia, neuralgia, monopoly, boulevard, arithmetic, manu- 
 facture, Episcopal, Presbyterian, multiply, cultivate, natural, 
 Germany, character, pupil, Hubert, Bernard, Albert, girl, 
 stood. 
 
62 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 PHRASING 
 
 71. Another auxiliary in the way of obtaining great- 
 er speed is the practice of phraseography, that is the 
 joining of small words that are naturally and grammati- 
 cally closely connected. Phrasing is of great advantage 
 to the shorthand writer, as writing several words with- 
 out raising the pen adds much to rapidity. 
 
 The phrases presented in this lesson, being regular 
 phrases ( See Par. 73 ) , need not be memorized. Copying 
 them intelligently several times will suffice. 
 
 72. But few particulars regarding the formation of 
 phrases can be given. As with many other things, a fine 
 sense of discrimination guided by the experience and ob- 
 servation of others is also here the best teacher. How- 
 ever, mark the following: 
 
 1. Words to be phrased must belong to the same part 
 of the sentence, with no punctuation marks between. 
 
 2.' No phrase should be written unless the several 
 forms join readily and legibly. 
 
 3. Prefix the personal pronouns to auxiliary verbs, 
 and when practical, also to other verbs of frequent oc- 
 currence, as I am, you have, we do, they say. 
 
 4. Prefix in, to, for, of and similar short words to 
 word-forms permitting of easy connection, as in turn, 
 to be, for that, of this. Do not join to to nouns, nor of 
 to verbs. 
 
 5. Suffix a and the similarly ; the last named on the 
 side opposite to that on which final r would be placed, as 
 on a. 
 
 6. When in doubt as to the correctness or usefulness 
 of a phrase, do not phrase. 
 
NATURAL. SHORTHAND 
 
 1 
 
 REGULAR PHRASES 
 
 73. We distinguish between regular and irregular 
 phrases. Regular phrases comprise such in which words 
 or word-signs are simply joined together. Irregular 
 phrases (See Par. 104), in which one or several words 
 constituting the phrase, are either contracted or entirely 
 omitted. 
 
 I have, he has, she has, it has, we have, you have, they 
 have, I had, he had, it had, we had, you had, they had, I have 
 had, it has had, I am, he is, she is, it is, we are, you are, they 
 are, I was, he was, it was, we were, you were, they 
 were, I would, he would, it would, we would, you would, they 
 would, I will, he will, it will, we will, you will, they will, I 
 shall, he shall, it shall, we shall, you shall, they shall, I 
 should, we should, I have been, I had been, I would be, I will 
 be, I shall be, I should be, I can be, I have not, I had not, I 
 am not, I will not, I shall not, I can not be, I would not be, I 
 have not been, I had not been. 
 
64 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 74. ADDITIONAL REGULAR PHRASES 
 
 7 ^T-^ 
 
 / 
 
 /~ /> 
 
 6 6 
 
 C 
 
 I may, I may be, I may have, I may not, I may not be, I 
 may not have, I may have had, I may have been, I may not 
 have been, I might, I might be, I might have, I might not be, 
 I might not have, I might have been, I might not have been, 
 is not, he is not, has not, he has not, he was not, will not, he 
 will not, he should not, could not, I do not, have I, have you, 
 had I, had you, am I, are you, was I, were you, would I, would 
 you, shall I, shall you, it is, is it, there is, there are, and a, 
 and the, on a, after a, after the, by a, by the, to a, to the, with 
 a, with the, with you, with that, with it, from a, from the, for 
 a, for the, for you, for that, on you, from you, to this, to that, 
 at all, not at all, sometime, sometimes. 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 65 
 
 75. 
 
 
 READING EXERCISE 
 
 / 
 
 / - 
 2 
 
 . o ri 
 
 / /- 
 
 . 2 
 
 ^2 -- 
 
 2 
 
 ?> 
 
 X" 
 
6 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 76. The idle agent lost his position. Talent alone 
 cannot make a writer. More character, less knowledge, 
 is-the cry nowadays. We-know what we-are, but-not 
 what we-may-be. The more haste, the less speed. Do- 
 not stand in-the rear, come to-the front. No-one is-a 
 fool always, every-one sometimes. The mind is-the stand- 
 ard of-man. Nothing will come of-nothing. It-may-be 
 that the name in-the letter has-been given correctly 
 after-all. However, since the officers cannot-be-said to- 
 have-seen the offender in-person, it-will-be best to take 
 up the matter later-on. We-may-not-have great talent, 
 yet we-should-have the ambition of working, of striving 
 f or-the first place. 
 
 Sir: On-the Ist-inst. we-sent you our catalogue of 
 summer goods and quoted special prices on hosiery and 
 light underwear. Why do-we-not hear-f rom-you ? The 
 goods are-the best that can-be-had for-the money and- 
 the price is very low. We-have-sent word to-our agent 
 who-is just-now traveling in-your state, to-stop at-your 
 town and call on-you with samples of-the goods men- 
 tioned. "We-have no hesitation making an allowance for- 
 cash and shall ship the goods promptly. We-trust to-be 
 favored with-some orders. Thanking you for-all past 
 favors, we-are 
 
 Yours-truly, 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 LESSON 8 
 
 SUFFIXES AND TERMINATIONS 
 
 77. The most frequent suffixes and terminations are 
 expressed by abbreviated forms which accommodate 
 themselves to the final character of the root-word.* 
 
 Remark: With the exception of Ing (Par. 61), all suf- 
 fixes and terminations in Natural Shorthand connect with the 
 root-word a speed-giving quality. 
 
 able; suitable durable honorable tolerable lovable 
 
 ible, uble; legible terrible sensible horrible soluble 
 
 ^ S 
 
 acy: primacy pharmacy piracy legacy lunacy 
 ^ 4 
 
 *A root-word is a word from which other words are de- 
 rived. Thus assign, assigns, assigned, assigning, assigner, 
 assignable, consign, consignment, design, resign, signer, are 
 all derived from the root-word sign. Similarly, finer, finest, 
 finely, finery, refine, refinery, from fine. That which precedes 
 the root-word is termed prefix, that which follows, suffix or 
 termination. 
 
68 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 age: drainage damage message village cottage 
 
 o 4 ^ ^o <#> <~S 
 
 am, em, im, um : madam item maxim costume 
 
 ioufi, itioufi: fallacious rapacious nutritious officious 
 
 body: somebody nobody anybody dom: seldom, wisdom 
 
 -UL ^^ / ' # 
 
 cne (ine) : serene marine machine routine ravine 
 _ ^^ &- ?s\ o^T *S 
 
 cer (ier) : cashier pioneer frontier auctioneer grenadier 
 o 
 
 eral : literal liberal erate : literate liberate 
 
 9 
 
 est: nicest greatest shortest lightest doest 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 69 
 
 fold: twofold manifold form: Inform multiform 
 
 *C **- t 4 ** 
 
 fnl: trustful careful manful hood: knighthood 
 
 yrapli : telegrnph phonograph gram: telegram phonogram 
 
 ic: topic lyric critic ical (icle) : musical icicle 
 
 <v ^ -^^ v * ri 
 
 icity : simplicity duplicity ization : mobilization 
 
 idity. acidity rapidity solidity lucidity rigidity 
 
 iou& (eous) : serious curious copious glorious hideous 
 
 (unaccented) : Irish Scottish nourish lavish stylish 
 
NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 ism: prism baptism truism asm: spasm sarcasm 
 
 ist: tourist druggist florist artist Baptist 
 
 itude: altitude latitude solitude gratitude servitude 
 
 ity (ety) : probity purity brevity gayety sanctity 
 
 ability, ibility, utility: probability possibility solubility 
 
 ive: motive festive passive captive sanative 
 
 LX /? ^ <? xv^/ 
 
 less: senseless aimless careless let: booklet 
 / ^ /? & / & 
 
 ling: hireling darling land: Ireland Scotland 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 71 
 
 logy: theology biology zoology physiology geologic 
 
 mnit : salesman horseman many, ceremony alimony 
 Z 
 
 ment : payment shipment moment treatment vestment 
 
 : sadness politeness tenderness nearness manliness 
 
 7 
 
 ory: offertory memory dormitory orial: senatorial 
 
 o?<s (us) : famous nervous joyous luscious vicious 
 
 s> /?> ?y g-r o^r <^^v 
 
 self: yourself himself themselves thing: anything 
 'V vv ^-v / *-> >- 
 
 ship-, ownership friendship teen: thirteen nineteen 
 
72 NATURAL. SHORTHAND 
 
 some : handsome tiresome gladsome lonesome troublesome 
 
 urn (om) : autumn bottom column ward: onward Edward 
 
 / .-J J 
 
 COMPOUND SUFFIXES 
 
 78. Owing to the fluent and characteristic forms for 
 our suffixes, compound suffixes connect with the same 
 facility as the simple ones. 
 
 useless uselessly uselessness festivity terribly 
 
 79. The forms for the endings ular, ulate, ulence, 
 ulent, uloit.fi. ulutn, ual are obtained by simply omitting 
 the 1. 
 
 angular modulate turbulence stimulant populous 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 73 
 
 80. The suffixes ality and ility are generally ex- 
 pressed by al and il, respectively. We omit the syllables 
 ed and i preceding' the suffix ness. 
 
 morality vitality fatality rascality totality 
 
 docility civility hostility tiredness happiness 
 
 81. Words ending in suffixes or terminations can be 
 abbreviated by omitting the final character or characters 
 of the root-word, and adding the suffix. 
 
 miscellaneous unanimous locomotive citizenship eternity 
 
 82. In words like amber, atlas we raise initial a 
 above the line, that it may not interfere with r and 1, 
 respectively. Similarly, if the vowel i occurs in two 
 successive syllables, we rest the downstroke following 
 the second i. upon the line. This gives us greater line- 
 ality. 
 
 amber atlas visitation diligen-t Erin 
 
 83. Numbers are best expressed by the ordinary 
 figures, except ten, hundred, thousand, and million, 
 
74 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 which should be rendered by their stenographic forms. 
 We express cents by s, dollars by d, pounds (weight or 
 money) by p. 
 
 Ic $10 $200 $6000 $7000000 800 Ibs. 
 /o L/ 2 ?/ /*/ 7 W f W 
 
 84 Proper names should be written according to 
 sound. Observe the German (Scotch) ch, the French 
 and German u, the French nasal n, and the German pf, 
 tich, and ;'. We may also distinguish between s, z, and c. 
 Compare paragraph 16. 
 
 'Donovan McMaster Loch Dubois Mueller Monch 
 
 Bon Pfarrer Joseph Zimmer Cimmer Schneider 
 
 Remarks: Final t or d in proper names may be struck 
 downward, and double consonants may be expressed by shad- 
 ing. as in Hit, Reed. Peters, Mann. (See Exercises). When 
 used as initials, express A by y . E by ^ , and Y by c . 
 Note in this paragraph the special characters for z and c, to 
 be employed also as initials. 
 
 85. Similar to ordinary writing, many words of fre- 
 quent occurrence are represented by their most character- 
 istic elements only. In determining abbreviations and 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 contractions, employ the initial characters chiefly as they 
 suggest the full word most quickly. 
 
 Mr. Mrs. Ave. St. Pa. Mo. I'll 
 > y ? t O J? 
 
 86. The months of the year, and the days of the 
 week. 
 
 <2-^ / (SK> ^ 2 O) O~ ^f s->S ^-/^ 
 
 87. 
 
 /> 
 
 c/ 
 
 GENERAL EXERCISE 
 
 >7 
 
NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 */ 
 
 A 
 
NATURAL. SHORTHAND 77 
 
 Payable, liable, probable, favorable, notable, bearable, 
 laughable, passable, possible, visible, fallacy, delicacy, cab- 
 bage, courage, cartage, Adam, William, Graham, system, sera- 
 phim, fume, spacious, tenacious, audacious, capricious, sediti- 
 ous, auspicious, everybody, kingdom, sateen, Irene, canoneer, 
 volunteer, mineral, lateral, moderate, operate, tolerate, gener- 
 ate, smallest, latest, highest, finest, richest, threefold, sixfold, 
 vermiform, chloroform, platform, lawful, handful, thankful, 
 dreadful, graceful, useful, painful, boyhood, girlhood, photo- 
 graph, paragraph, lithograph, geography, biography, stenogra- 
 pher, epigram, monogram, chronic, terrific, attic, graphic, 
 panic, cubic, Eric, music, Patrick, Frederick, nickel, tickle, 
 pickle, radical, chronicle, causticity, civilization, pulverization, 
 timidity, stupidity, cupidity, courteous, various, spurious, 
 furious, studious, duteous, piteous, tedious, foolish, flourish, 
 vanish, boyish, girlish, brutish, peevish, heroism, chasm, 
 organist, dentist, scientist, solicitude, beatitude, sanity, parity, 
 lenity, celerity, security, levity, scarcity, gravity, capability, 
 pliability, tenability, durability, notability, suitability, legibili- 
 ty, volubility, native, sportive, missive, massive, possessive, 
 talkative, tearless, endless, seamless, nameless, faithless, 
 speechless, numberless, useless, noiseless, peerless, bracelet, 
 streamlet, hamlet, nurseling, stripling, weakling, dumpling, 
 highland, lowland, Portland, etymology, phrenology, Scotch- 
 man, Irishman, brakeman, testimony, matrimony, basement, 
 statement, element, aliment, measurement, sediment, testa- 
 ment, goodness, greatness, gladness, smallness, whiteness, 
 alertness, idleness, history, hickory, lavatory, territory, terri- 
 torial, pictorial, precious, pious, righteous, jealous, cautious, 
 momentous, pompous, treacherous, census, herself, itself, my- 
 self, everything, something, scholarship, township, fourteen, 
 irksome, winsome, loathsome, album, quorum, custom, forum, 
 symptom, backward, outward, upward, towards, forward, in- 
 ward; par. 78: careless, carelessness, carefully, amiably, 
 
78 
 
 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 0-7 
 
 
 e> 
 
 *-> 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 cleanliness, foolishness, serviceableness, captivity, penman- 
 ship; par. 79: singular, regular, stimulate, ambulance, opulent, 
 sedulous, masculine, manual, mutual, population, formulation; 
 par. 80: locality, legality, bestiality, geniality, neutrality, 
 ability, stability, nobility, utility, servility, moral, morality, 
 total, totality, legal, legality, noble, nobility, servile, servility, 
 crookedness, easiness, sauciness, sleepiness, haughtiness, lazi- 
 ness; par. 81: monotonous, poisonous, monopolist, pessimist, 
 scientific, academic, paternity, maternity, maximum, mini- 
 mum, anxiety, society, multiplicity, simplicity, astronomy, 
 anatomy, botany, punishment, criticise, hypnotize, naturaliza- 
 tion, harmonization, nationality, orginality, fertility, similarity, 
 assiduity, credulity, generosity; par. 82: vicinity, dirigible, 
 milliner, military, Mississippi; par. 83: 2d, second, 3d, third, 
 4th, fourth, secondly, secondary, hundreds, thousands, million- 
 aire; par. 84: Hit, Reed, Peters, Mann, Ashton, Garfleld, Ban- 
 croft, Cummings, McKinley, McNally, O'Hara, Hecht, 
 .Schmidt; par. 85: Esq., U. S., Jr., Sen., Dr. (doctor), C. O. 
 D., Mt., Co., ult., do., vol., Bros., Rev., memo., yd., ft., in., etc., 
 No., bu., Chas., you're, ma'am. 
 
 88. 
 
80 
 
 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 . ^ ./ 
 
 /*/&-,/>. 
 
 WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 89. Mental hesitation is-the greatest drawback in 
 fast writing. It-is probable that a reasonable rate-of- 
 interest will-be charged on-your note payable the first 
 of July. To-be good for-everything is to-be good for- 
 nothing. I-think it possible for-every-one of -my scholars 
 to train his hand to-a graceful and legible style of writ- 
 ing. A little learning is-a dangerous thing. Try to-be 
 something in-the world and you-will-be something. Geo- 
 metric characters are more difficult to- write than graphic 
 ones. It-was stated in-the message that the storm had 
 caused great damage to-the cottage. Nothing is trouble- 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 81 
 
 some that we-do cheerfully. Never wait for-a thing to 
 turn up. Go and turn it up yourself ; it takes less time 
 and-is surer to-be. Before making payment, the teller 
 made the statement that the measurement of-both the 
 basement and-the pavement had-not-been given correct- 
 ly. The salesman told the drayman to call on-the work- 
 man to assist in-the shipment of -the ornaments. A stren- 
 uous life and-an open manner soon made Washington 
 famous throughout-the land. The handsome boy and his 
 gladsome little sister seemed lonesome since the death 
 of father and mother. Cultivate a spirit of solicitude 
 about your work, banish all lassitude. 
 
 READING EXERCISE 
 
 * jf </ 2 . 2^ ' srY < 
 
 zf ' *J . o ^ Z. ff^L ^~^' o e-"T___, 2-S" O 
 
82 NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 *S 
 
 TT> d <pd is y '/ . C s 
 
 ^ - ^ 
 WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 Dear-Sir: We-have-your-favor of -the Ist-inst. We- 
 cannot-be of service to-you in collecting the money due 
 you by Mr. Lacy. Mr. Lacy left our service over three 
 weeks-ago and we-can-say nothing further but-that he 
 still lives with-his parents at 52 Grand- Ave. 
 
 Yours-truly, 
 
 Dear-Sirs: We-have-your-letter of Wednesday. 
 The article in-question has-been going the rounds of- 
 nearly all the newspapers in-the United States. We-de- 
 sire to-state that we-have used and have-had the right to 
 use the name of Red Cross for-the past seventeen years. 
 and shall bring to terms any-one trifling with-our copy- 
 right. However, there-is in-the market another stove 
 
NATURAL, SHORTHAND 83 
 
 bearing the name of White Cross, which similarity of- 
 names may-have caused the trouble. We-do-not think, 
 the article in-your paper can in-any way hurt the sale 
 of our stoves in-your city. 
 
 Yours-respectfully, 
 
 Gentlemen: We-have-your-esteemed-favor of recent- 
 date. In-reply-we-should-say that the speed stamped on- 
 the motor is-the average speed when loaded. Of-course 
 if-you take the speed without any load after it-has-been 
 thoroughly emptied, it-will run considerably higher. As- 
 to-the balance of-the armature, we-consider your ar- 
 rangement a good one. All our armatures are balanced 
 in-the very-same manner. We-do-not consider it neces- 
 sary to-send you another. Trusting this letter will an- 
 swer your purpose, we-are 
 
 Yours-very-respectfully, 
 
84 
 
 NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 LESSON 9 
 
 PREFIXES 
 
 90. The remarks in the preceding lesson regarding 
 the general character of the suffixes apply also to the 
 prefixes. The latter, however, are connected with the 
 starting point of the root-words. 
 
 Remarks: Both suffixes and prefixes can at once be 
 recognized as such either by their characteristic forms, or by 
 the fact that they are connected with the root-words in an 
 unusual manner. Words thus written thereby assume that 
 general characteristic appearance which will be found very 
 helpful towards the correct and fluent reading of stenographic 
 text. With the exception of de, all our prefixes are connective 
 a distinctive feature of Natural Shorthand. 
 
 a : anew ascent apiece avoid along aside 
 
 **? SI *^* * S ^5* yO 
 
 I/ <, 
 
 flc: accent access anti, ante: anticipation antecedent 
 
 ad: adjourn admonition adhere admire adjacent 
 
 C/Z- 
 
 be: beseech beware belief bestow beside below 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 85 
 
 con (com, cog) : consist contrite combination cognizant 
 
 3- 
 
 counter, contra, contro: countersign contradict contrary 
 
 & c- C?C_^ 6r*~^ / CT^' 
 
 de, di: detach descent degree destination divide 
 
 dis: dislodge discharge dispatch dissent disposition 
 
 e : elate erase educe evolution evince 
 
 en (em) : enjoy enroll environ entangle embarrass 
 
 enter: enterprise inter, intro: intercourse introduce 
 
 : exit excellent expire expert excite examine 
 ^ ^ %, )/ w_ 
 
86 NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 for, fore : forsake forgive forbear foreshow foresight 
 
 g <yrf %-- %s> ^"l_x 00 -- 
 
 in (ig, il, im, ir) : intent ignore illegible impend irritate 
 mis: mischief mistake misstatement misconception 
 
 non: nonsense nonpareil ob (oc) : obtuse occupation 
 
 V 
 
 over: overtake overdo oversight ou< : outdoors outcast 
 
 per, pur: persist pertinent purchase post : postpone 
 
 pre: pretend prepare preside precedent . prelude 
 pro: propose promote provide prolong process 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 87 
 
 re: receipt recite reliable refrain revise 
 
 O OO-^"^ OQ___ @-cs &? <-) 
 
 sub (sup), sug (sue), sus: substitute suggest suspend 
 
 super: supersede supernatural supervise superior 
 
 *> ^i^ V <*_, ^ 
 
 sur, circum : surprise survive surmise circumnavigate 
 
 J raws : translate transpose transact transparent transpire 
 
 un : unaware unused unassisted uncertain uni : Unitarian 
 
 f 
 
 \inder-. undertake underwear understand underline 
 
88 NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 COMPOUND PREFIXES 
 
 91. There is nothing particularly to be remarked re- 
 garding the manner of joining compound prefixes. Sim- 
 ply string them together. As words with compound pre- 
 fixes are very characteristic, it is not necessary to write 
 such words in full. In general they are sufficiently indi- 
 cated by the prefixes together with the initial character 
 or characters of the root-word. 
 
 superintend reimburse disentangle independent 
 V V ^ ~*L _ 
 
 Remark: In connection with other prefixes join de, as in 
 independent. 
 
 92. Polysyllables having prefixes can generally be 
 abbreviated after the first or second syllable of the root- 
 word, writing the prefix in full. Similarly, trisyllables 
 and dissyllables having prefixes can often be abbreviated 
 according to paragraph 69. 
 
 international abominate elaborate intimate perhaps 
 
 oJ> 
 
 93. Many long words have both prefixes and suffix- 
 es. Such may be abbreviated by writing the prefix to- 
 gether with the first character or syllable of the root- 
 word, and adding the suffix. The intermediate syllable 
 or syllables are omitted. 
 
 demonstrative comparative implement perpetuity 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 89 
 
 94. In a great many words the consonant following 
 the prefix a is doubled. This doubling remains unex- 
 pressed in shorthand. 
 
 attire annoy affair append assist 
 
 95. Tn rapid work, the adjective, the noun, and the 
 verb can often be expressed by the same form, especially 
 so if the form to be abbreviated occurs in the latter part 
 of the sentence. For instance, "Additional funds proved 
 necessary additional funds proved a necessity ; the con- 
 dition of affairs necessitated the creation of additional 
 funds." This method of abbreviation is perfectly safe 
 since the context will readily determine the form intend- 
 ed ; that is to say, words so abbreviated are supposed to 
 occur in sentences. Many words in the exercises are ab- 
 breviated according to this principle, while for the sake 
 <5f completeness, the dictionary generally distinguishes 
 between the -several forms. 
 
 ' /^ 
 
90 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 96. The following is a list of important root-words 
 appearing in connection with different prefixes. Being 
 of great frequency, they should be carefully committed 
 to memory. 
 
 ceive : receive conceive deceive perceive receiver 
 
 claim: acclaim exclaim reclaim proclaim declamation 
 
 clo&e: enclose foreclose disclose enclosure closest 
 
 dude : include exclude cern : concern discern 
 
 dict: addict predict verdict contradict benediction 
 
 / / f 
 
 duct: conduct deduct induct product induction 
 /. / 71 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 91 
 
 feet: affect affection confection effect infect 
 
 fit: counterfeit outfit forfeit refit profit 
 
 form : conform inform reform uniform former 
 
 /> S J> y^ /i ' f. 
 
 fy. satisfy identify notify signify notification 
 
 L. ^ 5 V -^ V 
 
 ject: object subject project inject rejection 
 6 -6 % 
 
 mit: omit remit commit permit permission 
 
 7 ^7 7 /> ^ ^ 
 
 wove: remove removal prove: approve improve 
 
 -7 "~7 "~7 *~ *~ ~*~ 
 
 plex: perplex duplex complex complexion perplexity 
 
92 NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 plicate: implicate complicate duplicate implication 
 ply: apply comply imply supply appliance 
 port: report export import support transportation 
 quire: acquire inquire require acquisition acquirement 
 
 quest: request inquest suit: consult result 
 
 scribe: inscribe ascribe sort: assort resort 
 
 -> -> ^ , / / 
 
 f / / /* i/S (y^i 
 
 sped: aspect prospect inspection circumspect retrospect 
 
 Tf. 
 
 struct: construct instruct obstruct superstructure 
 
 & & ~^ ^^ ^ 
 
 sume: resume presume sumption: resumption 
 
NATURAL. SHORTHAND 
 
 93 
 
 tain: attain retain contain tention: attention 
 / / 9" ? L 
 
 tract : attract retract vent . convent advent 
 
 verse : 
 
 averse 
 
 converse 
 7* 
 
 vert: 
 / 
 
 avert convert 
 
 97. Prefixes often change when before certain con- 
 sonants, and are frequently contracted or assimilated to 
 the root-word in such manner as to become obscure, or 
 entirely unrecognizable. As their ready and correct ap- 
 plication would necessitate the constant and intelligent 
 use of a larger dictionary, we would recommend to write 
 such words the etymological composition of which is un- 
 known to the writer or appears doubtful, in full, in ac- 
 cordance with the general rules. 
 
 suffice collapse diffuse suffocate mnoeent 
 
 syf (L&4 /--? /-r/ ^?_xy 
 
 98. When a word is not clearly understood, indicate 
 such by drawing a circle around it. Emphasis is ex- 
 pressed by underscoring the respective word or words by 
 a straight line. The omission of a single word is denoted 
 by a caret, that of several words, by a large dash 7 . 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 99. Quotations are indicated by simply writing the 
 commencing and the concluding words, with a large dash 
 between : 7 c-V ? / . This characteris- 
 tic stroke half length, may also take the place of the 
 dash employed in ordinary writing, (ft l^^ , ^ ^ > . 
 
 100. A word with an initial capital may be indicated 
 by one small tick placed beneath it : God C/ , He ? , 
 U. S. So . 
 
 101. 
 
 GENERAL EXERCISE 
 
 /? 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 Is 
 
 
 // ^> V 
 
 /> 
 
 *"X* 
 
 "^__ "7? ^L^C 
 
 IB. <?S . 
 
 Js 
 & 
 
96 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 Aspire, aboard, amuse, astride, abridge, abide, ac- 
 cept, accident, antidote, admirable, admissible, betray, be- 
 siege, belong, begone, besides, consent, contagious, contest, 
 consign, control, continent, congregation, conceal, constant, 
 compose, compute, commercial, counteract, detest, destroy, 
 delay, deserve, depart, deny, disturb, disburse, dismiss, dis- 
 patch, distend, dispose, dispute, disaster, dissipation, elapse, 
 elect, emotion, eminent, elude, erect, endurance, endorse, in- 
 sure, envelope, encircle, enlighten, enrage, entice, entire, em- 
 brace, emboss, interrogation, intercede, excess, excuse, 
 exempt, extreme, exposition, extent, existence, foresee, fore- 
 arm, forgive, foreshow, forecast, indeed, infallible, instead, 
 institution, incident, insane, incessant, incite, invite, industry, 
 imbue, impair, irregular, mislead, mishap, mistrust, nonpay- 
 ment, oppress, oblong, occurrence, obscure, obdurate, overshoe, 
 overcoat, overlook, overcharge, overflow, outstretch, outside, out- 
 lay, perception, perspire, permissible, permanent, pretense, 
 preface, precept, precinct, postmeridian, preparation, propo- 
 sition, preservation, premises, prevalent, pronounce, proces- 
 sion, Protestant, propose, propound, protect, promotion, pro- 
 fane, produce, prodigious, prohibition, renew, retreat, repeat, 
 recur, repair, repent, relate, resist, remote, review, refute, re- 
 morse, retard, relent, resolution, resign, restaurant, 
 renovation, reside, submerge, substantial, suppress, subway, 
 suggestion, succeed, success, suspense, suspicion, supreme, 
 superb, surface, surpass, surmount, surname, circumlocution, 
 
NATURAL, SHORTHAND 97 
 
 transaction, transit, unbearable, unabridged, unharmed, unof- 
 fending, unless, unruly, unwilling, unused, undertaker, under- 
 hand, underlie, underwent, undermine, underwrite, undersign, 
 par. 91: represent, resurrection, apprehend, accomplice, un- 
 prepared, unprecedented, reinstate, disreputable, misunder- 
 standing; par. 92: annihilate, elucidate, deliberate, exasperate, 
 congratulate, illiterate, predominate, procrastinate, remu- 
 nerate, promiscuous, superfluous, preposterous, perpendicular, 
 enervate, indicate, illustrate, perpetrate, obstinate, amanu- 
 ensis, immaterial, preliminary, conspicuous, command, consti- 
 tute, demolish, distinguished, remark, abrupt; par. 93: con- 
 servatism, unscientific, interrogative, consecutive, supersti- 
 tious, suspicious, superiority, posthumous, premium; par. 94: 
 attach, attempt, attentive, afford, announce, apparent, appro- 
 bation, assent, assessment. 
 
 102. READING EXERCISE 
 
 & *-^ r*" ^ ^ /& ^f <jS /^ -^-. v _^- 
 
98 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 103. The pupil, provided with-a tablet and-a pencil, 
 eagerly awaited the teacher's instruction. Owing to- 
 the disturbance in-the hall, the speaker was-not clearly 
 understood. The secretary tendered his resignation, 
 which excited considerable comment. The first report of- 
 the accident was greatly exaggerated. lie-that pretends 
 to-be wise, is foolish. The most durable material obtain- 
 able will-be employed in-the construction of-the hotel. 
 Misunderstandings have often been caused by illegibility 
 of writing. Experience is-the best teacher. Many be- 
 lieve in-the supernatural, a few do-not. The earnest 
 admonition of-his superior made a great impression on- 
 him. Money is rarely a substitute for mind. Because 
 of-the many difficulties, the project was finally aban- 
 doned. The possibility of such occurrence cannot-be dis- 
 
u. <^ 
 
 NATURAL, SHORTHAND L ^ ' ' - - 99 
 
 puted. A superficial examination of -the plan convinced 
 us of its practicability. The success of-the student re- 
 flects honor and credit upon his teacher. A great multi- 
 tude assembled to listen to-the address of-the speaker. 
 Edward was rewarded with-a book for-his diligence and 
 good conduct. Utility is-the truest test of excellence. 
 The applicant is pre-eminently fitted for-the position. 
 Persevere, and you-will succeed. 
 
 READING EXERCISE 
 
 . o ^^^ po 
 
10 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 </ ^> 
 
 ~r . Ch 5 ( </ ^ 
 
 ~9 
 7 S <xO r^ / OS 
 
 WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 Dear-Sir: We-are-in-receipt-of-your-favor of -the 2nd- 
 inst. It-is-a surprise to-us. You-will-do us a favor by 
 making up a box of-the defective goods, and ship it 
 back. We-desire to-make a personal inspection, and-if 
 possible place the responsibility. 
 
 Yours-sincerely, 
 
 Dear-Madam : We-are-in-receipt-of-your-letter of-the 
 3rd-inst. regarding reports. Mr. Eaton is out-of-town 
 and will-not return before Saturday next. As he must 
 necessarily sign the checks that are to accompany the re- 
 ports and as-the books are locked up in-the safe accessible 
 to-him only, nothing can-be done until Saturday or Mon- 
 day. Hoping the delay will cause no inconvenience, we- 
 are 
 
 Yours-very-sincerely, 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 101 
 
 Gentlemen: Our purpose in addressing you to-day 
 is to-ask you kindly to-hasten the delivery of our-order 
 of -the 4th-inst. The season for-the sale of-the goods or- 
 dered is at-hand and unless a part at-least is supplied 
 within-the next week, we-shall likely miss the market 
 and be seriously inconvenienced in-consequence. We also 
 refer you to-your-letter of-the 6th-inst. in-which you as- 
 sure us to deliver the goods without delay. We therefore 
 hope to receive the first consignment within-a few-days, 
 otherwise our business interests will compel us to-buy 
 elsewhere. Please let-us-hear-from-you at-once. Trust- 
 ing this letter will give no offense, we-are 
 
 Very-sincerely-yours, 
 
102 
 
 NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 LESSON 1O 
 
 IRREGULAR PHRASES 
 
 104. While the utility, the advantage of phrasing 
 has been dwelt upon repeatedly in these pages, we now 
 wish to emphasize the necessity of phrasing. In order to 
 obtain even a moderate degree of speed, the student not 
 only may, but 1 must, phrase. Besides, adopt the phrases 
 as they are presented in the text-book, unmodified. They 
 have been carefully constructed and tested for you. 
 Write them as they are given. 
 
 The student is referred to paragraph 73 regarding 
 the difference between regular and irregular phrases. 
 Observe .also the regularity of construction of the first 
 eight irregular phrases. They are very frequent, of 
 greatest importance, and are blends rather than contrac- 
 tions. Words not expressed in the construction of ir- 
 regular phrases are printed in heavy, boldface type. 
 
 ought to , / 
 
 how much ? $ * % 
 
 today 
 
 how many Z^ 
 
 don't 
 
 you can S C * , 
 
 I don't know 
 
 you could / 
 
 somebody els 
 
 not yet 7/= "/ 
 
 nobody else 
 
 as yet *- 
 
 at once 
 
 to do / /= / 
 
 at best 
 
 ought to be 
 
 of a 
 
 of you "> 
 
 Dear Sir </ 
 
 My dear Sir 2</' 2 
 
 My dear Friend / 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 103 
 
 BUSINESS PHRASES 
 
 105. In the following we present a list of phrases, 
 such as occur in ordinary business correspondence. They 
 are partly irregular, and are intended principally to 
 guide the beginner in the selection of words that are most, 
 advantageously phrased. While as a rule, phrases of 
 but two or three words are the most advantageous, it 13 
 however, allowable in business correspondence to con- 
 struct phrases that contain four, five, or more words. 
 Expressions like "In reply to your favor" or "I remain 
 very truly yours ' ' should have, on account of their great 
 frequency and because they are spoken at a greater 
 speed than the body of the letter, exceptionally brief -and 
 easy outlines. 
 
 The student is advised to examine and to analyze care- 
 fully the following specimens of business phrases. Let him 
 observe the general principles underlying their construction, 
 and then select and memorize such as best suit the peculiari- 
 ties of both business and employer. . 
 
 106. Whenever convenient, we indicate you by cross- 
 ing, intersecting the word-forms between which it oc- 
 curs. 
 
 do you see did you know would you not 
 
104 
 
 NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 107. GENERAL EXERCISE 
 
 
 your favor SP 
 
 in response to 
 
 ~*> 
 
 your letter o 
 
 in answer to 
 
 ~* 
 
 at hand "E. 
 
 in reference to 
 
 -* 
 
 to hand g. 
 
 post office 
 
 ^ 
 
 on hand s 2- 
 
 postal card 
 
 ^/ 
 
 in hand ~~2. 
 
 money order 
 
 r^ 
 
 take care /< 
 take pleasure fi 
 
 express money 
 order 
 
 Express Co. 
 
 wf 
 
 6 
 
 as regards <" 
 
 Insurance Co. 
 
 -^ 
 
 as soon as "^7 
 
 by express 
 
 
 
 as much as < 
 
 by return mail 
 
 *9 
 
 as many as ** 
 
 in order 
 
 -r 
 
 in regard to & 
 
 our order 
 
 * 
 
 in reply to ~^ 
 
 we beg 
 
 -s 
 
 in respect to ~7^ 
 
 we beg leave 
 
 -T& 
 
NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 106 
 
 I am confident -* "c 
 
 I remain "c. 
 
 we are confident ra^f 
 
 we remain 2. 
 
 1 am glad ^ 
 
 Yours truly / 
 
 we are glad t^T 
 
 Truly yours ^ 
 
 1 am sorry -t/*' 
 
 Yours very truly V-"7 
 
 I am very tfl *^ 
 sorry 
 
 Very truly yours "*^T 
 
 we are sorry &Tr^ 
 
 I remain Very 6e-^ 
 truly yours 
 
 \ am obliged -xxS/^ 
 
 We remain Very Co- / 
 truly yours 
 
 we are obliged 1/-7 
 
 Yours sincerely ^> 
 
 I am in iP^ 
 receipt 
 
 Yours, very <&^-r* 
 sincerely 
 
 I am in receipt <&* 
 of your letter 
 
 Very sincerely <> *S 
 yours 
 
 we are in receipt *f^ 
 of your favor 
 
 I have received 
 your favor 
 
 we have received o 
 your letter 
 
 Respectfully 'X 
 Very respectfully o^r* 7 
 Yours respectfully ^X 
 
 in reply to your ~2^ 
 favor 
 
 Respectfully yours ^ 
 
 in answer to -t/Zv^-e*"' 
 your inquiry 
 
 Yours very So X 
 respectfully 
 
106 
 
 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 108. 
 
 READING EXERCISE 
 
 ^v^c 
 
 x^, 
 
 C 
 
 O 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 109. Before entering upon this exercise, recall that 
 success depends on-your efforts. The knowledge of-a 
 foreign language is certainly a very desirable accomplish- 
 ment. Shorthand is of great help toward-the acquire- 
 ment of-a correct pronunciation. Fluency of speech 
 does-not always indicate good common sense. The sun 
 forms the center of -the solar system. Traffic was sus- 
 pended until-the bridge was rebuilt. Within-a week all 
 outstanding accounts were collected. The jury, unable 
 to agree upon-a verdict, was dismissed by-the judge. 
 Absent friends are soon forgotten. The venerable presi- 
 dent of-the society was-the recipient of-a handsome and 
 valuable present. The goods delivered were of but 
 medium quality and were disposed of at-a sacrifice. An 
 old tree can seldom be radically improved upon. The 
 plan for-the reorganization of-the company was at-once 
 adopted. A man is delivered and gay when he-has put 
 his heart into his work and done his best. Justice is-the 
 foundation of all government. "I-can't do it" never 
 accomplished anything. The great secret of success is 
 constancy of purpose. The book was subjected to-an 
 examination prior to-its publication. Bear and forbear. 
 Success to all. 
 
 Dear-Madam: Your-favor of-the 8th-inst. with list 
 of ten subscriptions to-the Penman is at-hand. We sin- 
 cerely thank you for-the list and have forwarded the 
 premium selected. The September and October num- 
 
108 
 
 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 r 
 
 ' t 6 
 
 -- ^O 
 
 X' #^ </ ^ _ - ^ '""' 
 -V ^r v __ CT/c 
 
 7" 
 
 ,y 
 
NATURAL, SHORTHAND 109 
 
 bers will-be sent at-once, but-the August issue is out-of- 
 print. We-hope to-have a continuance of-your support. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 Dear-Sir: We-have-received-your-favor of -the 10th- 
 inst. advising us that you-have-not-yet received the pic- 
 tures sent you some-time-ago. We-beg to-state that on 
 July 19 a box containing the engravings referred to was 
 shipped to Hopkins &-Co. by freight. If-the same has- 
 not-yet-been received up to-the present, an inquiry at- 
 some of-the freight houses will probably locate it. In- 
 case you-should-not find it in-a-day-or-two, advise us and 
 we-shall-forward tracer at-once. Enclosed-please-find 
 bill-of -lading and our check for $67.45 in settlement of- 
 your September account. Hoping to-hear-from-you, we- 
 are 
 
 Very-respectfully, 
 
 Dear-Sirs: We- wish to call your attention to-the 
 small account amounting to $3.23 for merchandise sup- 
 plied during-the month of August. As we-have a-great- 
 many such small accounts widely scattered, the agre- 
 gate of -which amounts to-a very large sum, we respect- 
 fully request that you send us a money-order or check 
 for this amount upon receipt of -this letter. If we-do-not 
 hear-from-you within-a w r eek, we-shall-be-obliged to- 
 place the bill with-our attorney for-collection. 
 
 We-are 
 
 Very-truly-yours, 
 
NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 accomplish c ?"~) 
 
 bill ^ 
 
 compromise 2, 
 
 advance /-~ 
 
 blank c/^ 
 
 confident ~^L 
 
 advantage ^uO 
 
 bought J? 
 
 consequence ^ 
 
 a<Jvertise /^ 
 
 business ^ 
 
 consider /^ 
 
 agree ^ 
 
 build & 
 
 continue 2""> 
 
 America *2 
 
 call c /- 
 
 convenient 2 
 
 amount ^ 
 
 catalogue CX 
 
 cover /^ 
 
 answer c/7 
 
 certificate *-?# 
 
 defendant /? - 
 
 author "7* 
 
 circumstance 7 
 
 deliver ^ 
 
 become /^ 
 
 clerk /5^ 
 
 desire ^0^ 
 
 begin ^*? 
 
 cloth O/ 3 
 
 distinct >" 
 
 behind >~ 
 
 college Oi? 
 
 early <^ 
 
 beyond < A-' 
 
 common ?. 
 
 electric f 
 
 big ^-*^ 
 
 communicate ^ 
 
 English -^? 
 
 black & 
 
 compliment 3 
 
 esteem -^^7 
 
NATURAL. SHORTHAND 
 
 lit 
 
 evident 7.. _ 
 
 heard r 
 
 judge 
 
 /-G 
 
 except vo 
 
 heart 
 
 language 
 
 r 
 
 expect y 
 
 help V 
 
 leave 
 
 &* 
 
 express v" 
 
 henceforth J* 
 
 liberty 
 
 OS 
 
 expense v 
 
 hold ^ 
 
 list 
 
 - 
 
 extra i 
 
 hope t_x 
 
 market 
 
 2- 
 
 fact t-/" 
 
 house, his ^ 
 
 mean 
 
 ^ 
 
 fall /> 
 
 hundred ^ 
 
 member 
 
 / 
 
 familiaf /J? 
 
 immediate ~7 
 
 merchandise 
 
 ^n 
 
 far /u, 
 
 important, -ce ~ 
 
 money 
 
 r?r 
 
 frequent C 
 
 inferior *^? 
 
 mortgage 
 
 & 
 
 fund rt 
 
 instant 
 
 necessary 
 
 ^ 
 
 furnish /ft 
 
 instance . . 
 
 neglect 
 
 ^ 
 
 gentlemen OL 
 
 interest -J 
 
 oblige 
 
 ^ 
 
 get S 
 
 inventory '^ 
 
 occasion 
 
 * 
 
 grand ^ 
 
 invoice 
 
 once 
 
 3, 
 
112 
 
 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 only 
 
 proper aLo 
 
 response X 
 
 opinion **-f 
 
 proprietor <^</ > 
 
 return /^ 
 
 opportunity v -_s*^' 
 
 public fS 
 
 select ^ / 
 
 or 
 
 publish > ax ~) 
 
 sincere -^> 
 
 order 
 
 purpose "f 
 
 sorry 1^ 
 
 ordinary *~~f 
 
 quantity -^ 
 
 still ^ 
 
 particular & 
 
 quart,-er c/", < 
 
 sufficient X_ 
 
 pencil & 
 
 question 2 
 
 temper /^ 
 
 plain '/} 
 
 recommend ^ 
 
 thought -/" 
 
 plenty /2-~ 
 
 real e^ 
 
 thousand ^ 
 
 plus ^ 
 
 record <p<5 
 
 truth ^ 
 
 postage -*& 
 
 reference of 
 
 usual V 
 
 preference <f 
 
 regret T" 
 
 verb ^ 
 
 principal,-le </*" 
 
 regard 
 
 week i ^" 
 
 privilege o*~7 
 
 remain C 
 
 whole ^ 
 
 promise /^ 
 
 respect 'X 
 
 world ^ 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 SUPPLEMENTARY PHRASES 
 esteemed favor .X^* under separate cover 
 
 esteemed letter 
 free on board (f. o. 
 balance due 
 please forward 
 we shall forward 
 enclosed please find 
 please find enclosed 
 we have no doubt 
 careful consideration 
 careful attention 
 personal attention 
 prompt attention 
 immediate attention 
 8 
 
 X 
 
 free of charge 
 
 let me know 
 
 let me hear 
 
 let us hear 
 
 as a matter of fact 
 
 as a matter of course 
 
 at your convenience 
 
 at your early con- 
 venience 
 
 at your earliest 
 
 convenience 
 
 at an early date 
 
 at an early a date 
 as possible 
 
 yours of recent date 
 
 09 
 
114 
 
 NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 <7Xl 
 
 // r^ 7 - t? 
 ~e^ ^ CL*O Z 6 
 
 Co ?/ 
 
 
 2 , 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 115 
 
 Dear-Sirs : We-have this day shipped by special fast 
 freight six dozen boxes oranges and herewith hand you 
 invoice and bill-of -lading for-the-same. We-regret very- 
 much that there has-been such-a delay in sending this 
 lot, but it-was wholly unavoidable on-our-part. You-will 
 recollect that in quoting you prices on-the 16th ult. we 
 requested a prompt-reply. Your-order did-not reach us 
 until-the 26th, and in-the-meantime a large demand had 
 sprung up which cleaned out the market entirely. We- 
 have-been trying ever-since to fill your-order and this 
 morning received a consignment from Los- Angeles, part 
 of-which at-once goes forward as stated above. The 
 oranges are excellent, and-are carefully packed. Hoping 
 the delay has-not inconvenienced you and-that the fruit 
 will arrive in good condition, we-are 
 
 Very-truly-yours, 
 
 Gentlemen: Your-letter of -the 6th-inst. has-just- 
 been received. In-reply we-beg to-say that not having 
 heard of -you since your-letter acknowledging receipt of 
 our-order and fearing that you- would-be unable to fill it 
 f or-several weeks, as you intimated might-be the case, we 
 finally countermanded the order in our-letter of -the 2nd- 
 inst. and purchased elsewhere. We-cannot understand 
 why this letter did-not reach you. It evidently did-not, 
 or you-would-not-have sent the fruit. We-do-not-see our 
 way clear to receive this lot on-invoice as we-have some 
 remaining on-hand. But there-is an increasing demand 
 just-now, and we-have every reason to believe that if 
 you-will leave them with-us on-sale, we-can dispose of 
 
IK 
 
 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 <? (T9-^^ -, 
 T -^> '/ 
 c, y/A- /^ A 
 -V ^ ^2 
 ^> -Cx-> 
 
 <r- 'Z ^-^2,. r^ <# 
 
 / <^ f ^ b o^s 
 
 ?. zfi-^-^fr 
 
 v 
 /? 
 
 r sy/. 
 
 <lf 
 
 S / 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 S o /* S X . 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 them within-a week and-at very fair prices. This will 
 entail less expense and trouble than returning them to- 
 you. We-are-sorry for this unpleasant occurrence, but 
 it-is-the best we-can-do under-the circumstances. Kindly 
 let-us-know your pleasure at-once, and-oblige 
 Yours-very-sincerely, 
 
 Dear-Sirs: We enclose statement showing balance- 
 due us $55. As previously written that while we-would 
 assist you to collect from-the Railroad-Company for 
 goods lost in transit, at-the-same-time, this has nothing 
 to-do with paying us the amount. We-have shipped and 
 delivered the goods according to-your instructions, and 
 as-soon-as we-were in possession of our receipt, we-were- 
 not responsible for accidents in transit. Nor can-we al- 
 low you the discount you deduct. The object of giving a 
 cash discount is-an inducement to-pay promptly, and 
 since you-have-not done so in five months, you-have for- 
 feited your discount. These facts are patent and clear 
 to-every right thinking person. Kindly send us a check 
 or money-order for-the amount at-your-early-conve- 
 nience, and-oblige 
 
 Yours-truly, 
 
118 
 
 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 9> 
 
 / 
 
 /> ^) 
 
 ' 
 
 7 
 
 . X? 
 
 ry 
 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 111 
 
 THE PRESENT AGE 
 
 In looking at our age I am struck immediately with 
 one commanding characteristic, and that is the tendency 
 in all its movements to expansion, to diffusion, to uni- 
 versality. To this I ask your attention. This tendency 
 is directly opposed to the spirit of exclusiveness, restric- 
 tion, narrowness, monopoly, which has prevailed in past 
 ages. Human action is now freer, more unconf ined ; all 
 goods, advantages, helps, are more open to all ; the privi- 
 leged petted individual is becoming less, and the human 
 race is becoming more. If we look at the various move- 
 ments of our age, we shall see in them this tendency to 
 universality and diffusion. Look first at science and 
 literature. Where is science now? Locked up in a few 
 colleges or royal societies or inaccessible volumes ? Are its 
 experiments mysteries for a few privileged eyes? Are 
 its portals guarded by a dark phraseology which to the 
 multitude is a foreign tongue? No! Science has now 
 left her retreats, her shades, her selected company of 
 votaries, and with familiar tone begun the work of in- 
 structing the race. Through the press, discoveries and 
 theories once the monopoly of philosophers have become 
 the property of the multitude. Its professors, heard not 
 long ago in the university or some narrow school, now 
 speak in the mechanics' institute. The doctrine that the 
 laborer should understand the principles of his art, 
 should be able to explain the laws and processes which 
 he turns to account that, instead of working as a ma- 
 chine, he should join intelligence to his toil is no longer 
 
120 
 
 NATURAL, SHORTHAND 
 
 / S? o 
 
 ? 
 
 "7 
 
 X? 
 
 2 
 
 /? 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 121 
 
 listened to as a dream. Science, once the greatest of dis- 
 tinctions, is becoming popular. The school books of our 
 children contain grand views of the creation. There are 
 parts of our country in which lyceums spring up in al- 
 most every village for the purpose of mutual aid in the 
 study of natural science. The characteristic of our age, 
 then, is not the improvement of science, rapid as this is, 
 so much as its extension to all men. 
 
 W. Channing. 
 
 PRUDENCE 
 
 Well-disposed youths may find that goodness of heart 
 and openness of temper, though these may give them 
 great comfort within and administer to an honest pride 
 in their own minds, will by no means, alas ! do their 
 business in the world. Prudence and circumspection are 
 necessary even to the best of men. They are, indeed, as 
 it were, a guard to Virtue without which she can never 
 be safe. It is not enough that your designs nay, that 
 your actions are intrinsically good; you must take care 
 they shall appear so. If your inside be ever so beautiful, 
 you must preserve a fair outside also. This must be con- 
 stantly looked to, or malice and envy will take care to 
 blacken it so that sagacity and goodness will not be able 
 to see through it and to discern the beauties within. Let 
 this be your constant maxim that no man can be good 
 enough to enable him to neglect the rules of prudence; 
 nor will Virtue herself look beautiful unless she be be- 
 decked with the outward ornaments of decency and 
 decorum. 
 
122 
 
 NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 / 
 
 " 
 
 & ' 
 
 cr SJ 
 
 ~r. } c * 
 
 *$ 
 
 // 
 C/ 
 
 / 
 
 *r 
 
 <? 
 
 X x 
 ^. ^o *% 
 
 A 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 THE VALUE OF TODAY 
 
 We are always dreaming of having more time in the 
 future and of doing things with a strong hand in conse- 
 quence. Today we have but fifteen minutes, and what 
 can be made of such a fragment of time ? Next year we 
 shall have hours, and then we will read the new books, 
 learn the language we need to possess, accomplish the 
 larger tasks of which we dream. But the hours never 
 come, and the achievements are made, if they are made 
 at all, in those odds and ends of time that come to us by 
 the way. The wise man is he who knows the value of 
 today, he who can estimate today rightly. Leave the 
 future to take care of itself. For the value of the future 
 depends entirely upon the value attached to today. 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 A TEACHERS' COURSE BY CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 For the convenience of teachers and others desiring a 
 more extended treatise on the subject, a course of Lessons 
 by Correspondence has been prepared. Of special value to 
 teachers as it permits of a deeper insight into the construction 
 of the system, and contains many a useful hint and helpful 
 suggestion towards a speedier and more perfect mastery of 
 the art. The finest Course of Lessons out, $20. 
 
 Teachers desiring to take a course of Lessons by Corres- 
 pondence with a view to introducing the system, will be in- 
 structed free of charge. 
 
 and school officers are respectfully requested to examine into 
 the merits of Natural Shorthand. Upon application, a copy of 
 the Manual will be sent them for examination with the privi- 
 lege of returning. Examination copy if retained, $1. A special 
 price for larger quantities. 
 
 Questions regarding the system will be cheerfully an- 
 swered. Sample lesson and pamphlets gratis and post-free to 
 any address. 
 
 AUGUST MENGELKAMP, 
 Remsen, Iowa. 
 
NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 THE MANUAL 
 OF NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 Designed for class or self-instruction. Fifth, improved 
 edition. Contains the complete exposition of the system for 
 the purposes of business correspondence and private memo- 
 randa. Divided into ten lessons, progressively arranged, and 
 presented in accordance with the latest and most approved 
 methods of teaching. All exercises keyed. Handsomely 
 bound in cloth, $1.75. 
 
 GRADED EXERCISES 
 IN NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 With key. Abundant reading and practicing material in 
 the form of Reading and Writing Exercises similar to those 
 in the Manual. Also a list of useful phrases, a number of 
 business letters, and some literary matter. Boards, $1.00. 
 
 DICTATION 
 IN NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 The complement of the Graded Exercises. It presents a 
 great variety of actual business letters, designed to prepare 
 the student for office work. Besides there is a goodly amount 
 of literary matter for general practice. Type and shorthand. 
 Cloth, $1.25. 
 
 DICTIONARY 
 OF NATURAL SHORTHAND 
 
 Contains the forms for more than 11000 words, including 
 hundreds of proper names. Easy words omitted. Bound in 
 cloth, $1.25. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 2 2 1956 
 
 JAN 
 
 Form L9-10m-3,'48(A7920)444 
 
 UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA 
 
 AT 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 LIBRARY 
 
, "2SfL R . EGIONA1 - LIBRARY FACI 
 
 A 000583617 6 
 
 w 
 
 1917