.'$tti)ipn3) «r pamcea to represent water or tears. Gutte de I eau ) Guttd d'or, drops of gold. Gutti de poix, sprinkled with pitch, and painted black or sable. Heraldry in England. 25 Gutti de sang, sprinkled with blood, and painted red. Gutt^ reversed is placing the drops contrary to their natural position. While treating of metals, colours, and furs, the ancient and useful method of counter-changing de- mands a few words of explanation. Possibly this may be more readily accomplished by giving one admirably 41. Arms of Chaucer. simple example — viz., the arms of Chaucer, which Guillim thus describes*: — "He beareth, parted per * The following interesting entry and footnote will be found in the Diary of Samuel Pepys, September 6, 1667 : — "To Westminster, and then into the Hall, and there bought ' GuiUim's Heraldry.' " ^ ' The real author of this esteemed book was John Barkham, who, being a grave divine, gave the manuscript to John Guillim, in whose name it was pub- lished. It first appeared in 1610, and has often been reprinted with additions. Scott well represents the use made of it in many families, when he says old Sir Hildebrand Osbaldiston took up Guillim for Sunday reading." 26 Heraldry in England. pale argent and gules, a bend counter-changed. This coate pertaineth to the famous and learned poet, Geffrey Chaucer, Esquire." By this plain example it is easily perceived that the term counter-changing briefly directs that the metal shall receive the colour, and the colour bear the metal, alternately. [See Example 41.) Before leaving the subject of heraldic colouring, it would be well to observe the ingenious method (termed tricking) by which colours, metals, and furs are indicated where no actual colour is used for the purpose ; and, although a comparatively modern idea, dating from about the commencement of the seven- teenth century, it has become universally adopted, not only in plain drawings and engravings, and the coinage of the realm, but also in many other direc- tions. This result is attained by an arrangement of lines and dots, which indicate the different tints, metals, or furs, and also enrich the effect of other details placed in immediate juxtaposition. A refer- ence to the following examples will render this portion of the subject perfectly intelligible.* (Examples 42 io 48). * One colour, termed Tenne or Tawny (orange) is seldom used, but in tricking is denoted by the lines of vert and gules combined. Heraldry in England. 27 42. Gules, red. 43. Azure, blue. 44. Vert, green. 45. Purpure, purple. 46. Sable, black. 47. Or, gold. 48. Argent, silver. 28 Heraldry in England, In describing or drawing a shield of arms, it is neces- sary to bear in mind that the shield is supposed to be held in position by the owner as it would be in actual use. consequently that which is assigned to the dexter (or right) is really to the left of the beholder ; and it is necessary to remember that in the use of colours, metals, or furs, no colours should be placed one upon the other without an intervening metal, and by the same rule the metals are always separated by the interposition of a colour. It is also an invariable rule to commence from the Field or surface, by naming the dominant colour or metal before mentioning the bearings with which it is charged. This can be easily understood by the following plain examples (the arms of the Earl of Meath) : — G2des on a bend or, three martlets sable. {Examples 49, 50, and ^i.) 49, Gules. 50. Gules on a bend or. Heraldry in England. 29 51. Gules on a bend or; three martlets sable. In order to simplify reference to any portion of the shield, the following nine points are of acknowledged assistance (see Example 52) — i, dexter chief; 2, sinister 52- chief; 3, middle chief; 4, honour point ; 5, fess point ; 6, nombril point ; 7, dexter base ; 8, sinister base ; 9, middle base. E 2 30 Heraldry in England. An important consideration in Heraldry is the means of indication and recognition of the different grades and degrees of those entitled to the use of armorial bearings. One method by which this is accomplished is by the position and shape of the helmet ; the Royal helmet being of gold, richly ornamented, and having the visor raised, showing the interior lined with crimson, and the opening protected by six vertical bars. This helmet is always placed full-faced. The helmet borne by nobility is somewhat similar, but placed three-qua7'ter-face ; and that assigned to Baronets and Knights is shown full front, but without bars, and of steel, ornamented with gold, the visor raised, and the helmet lined with crimson. The Esquire's helmet is also of steel, with gold ornaments, but placed in profile, the visor closed. In addition to this means of indicating degree, the crowns and coronets appertaining to royalty and no- bility afford most distinctive and unmistakable tokens of the different grades. Commencing with the well- known royal crown of England, and passing from royalty to the different ranks of nobility — the Duke, the Marquis, the Earl, the Viscount, and the Heraldry in England. 31 Baron* (see Examples ^'^ to 62), with the latter the right to the use of a coronet ends, — we next arrive at the grade of the Baronet, which concludes the list of those empowered to bear hereditary titles, and is indicated for Baronets of the United Kingdom by that honourable badge, the red hand of Ulster (Example 63). The lower grades, the Knight and Esquire, are indicated merely by the helmet. The foregoing, together with the distinctive Mitres appertaining to the higher dignitaries of the Church, and the Chapeau, or cap of dignity {Example 64), form the chief portion of the head-gear used in English Heraldry. Other coronets, in addition to the foregoing, are frequently met with, chiefly, however, in connexion with crests, which are often described as issuing from a coronet. These coronets are also placed upon the heads of animals or birds, and often around their necks in the manner of a collar (Examples 65 to 69). * Coronets are frequently drawn showing the velvet cap issuing from above, and ermine below, the rim ; but this practice has been somewhat abandoned, the caps and ermine being similar in each coronet, and therefore of no aid in indicating difference of degree. 54. 53- Royal or Imperial 55. Royal Duke. Crown. 56. Princess. 57. Nephew of the Blood Royal. 58. Duke. 59. Marquis. 60. Earl. 61. Baron. 54. Prince of Wales. 62. Viscount. 64. Chapeau, or Cap of Dignity. 65. Ducal Coronet. 66. Naval Coronet. 63. Baronet's Badge. 67. Mural Coronet. 68. Vallerie 69. Eastern Coronet. 34 Heraldry in England. In connection with this portion of the subject, it would be well to consider the crest Wreath, by some erroneously termed the bar. This wreath was composed of two twisted and entwined bands of silk, representing the principal metal and colour contained in the shield of arms of the owner, and was placed on the helmet around the base of the crest, and as ordinarily depicted (one side only being seen) consists of six twists, three of colour and three of metal alternately, commencing with the metal and ending with the colour. {See Examples 87 and 88.)* Ornamental accessories have been at all times freely adopted by Heraldic artists, and should not be hastily condemned, excepting where they confuse or en- croach upon the correctness of the main subject. Take, for instance, the Lambrequin, which was originally a piece of drapery depending from the crown of the helmet, and intended not only for ornamental purposes, but also of actual use in preserving the helmet from the effects of the atmosphere, and consequent dulness or rust. * Note that when a crest issues from a coronet or is placed upon a cap of dignity, the wreath is omitted. Heraldry in England. 35 Being placed on the most assailable portion of the armour, it frequently became torn or cut, and the consequent jagged appearance of the edges was prized by the wearer, as affording evident proof of active service. But, although the lambrequin is at the present time technically unimportant, possessing no distinctive significance (and can be retained or omitted at pleasure), possibly no portion of heraldic ornament has been so intricately elaborated or successfully adopted for artistic effect. {See Examples 87 and 88.) Another interesting and popular adjunct in con- nection with Heraldry is the Motto. Royal insignia, orders of knighthood, badges of distinction, and many corporate institutions have adopted some special in- scription or motto which is admittedly unchangeable, but, although mottoes are generally supposed to form a portion of ordinary and hereditary armorial bearings, the rules of Heraldry do not forbid the changing or substitution of a motto at the will of the owner. Neither are there any arbitrary regulations concerning the language in which they may be expressed, Latin, French, or English being, however, the chief mediums adopted for the purpose. The motto is at the present time generally displayed upon a flowing ribbon placed 36 Heraldry in England. above the crest, or below the shield, but can be cor- rectly introduced into any portion of the surroundings of the design ; but on no account should it be per- mitted to hide or take precedence of the armorial bearings. (See Examples 86, 87, and 88.) Possibly the handsomest portions of heraldic de- signs are the Supporters. This term is applied to the figures placed on either side of the shield, generally in the attitude of leaning upon or supporting it. Con- siderable difference of opinion has existed among Heralds and other authorities concerning the origin of these devices, some maintaining that they arose from the ancient custom of the knights engaged in the tournament clothing their pages and armour-bearers in fanciful costumes and sometimes in the skins of wild beasts, and thus founding a precedent for those orna- mental accessories. Others assert that supporters were originally the outcome of the caprice of engravers and designers, who frequently dealing with a given heraldic subject which seldom covered the available surface, filled in the unoccupied portion with scrolls, leaves, animals, or other fanciful devices. Whatever their origin may have been, supporters have become a recognised portion of the heraldic insignia borne by peers of the realm. Knights of the Bath, proxies of Heraldry in England. yj the Blood Royal, nobility, and in many instances by corporate assemblies. Supporters, although un- doubtedly handsome accessories, are not of primary heraldic importance. Take, for instance, the most familiar supporters that can probably be selected, viz., the well-known lion and the unicorn of the royal arms of England, or again, the two dragons which support the arms of the City of London. In either case the entire omission of the supporters is of slight consequence, as may be inferred from the fact of the absence of the royal supporters on the current coin of the realm, and also in many of the royal seals. The foregoing remarks will possibly have indicated that, while considerable artistic licence may be per- mitted in connection with some of the accessories, nevertheless the emblazoned shield and the crest are most important portions of heraldic composition. The form and attitude of the crest and details con- cerning the bearings on the shield are, conse- quently, always described and depicted with the utmost care and precision, in order to ensure absolute correctness. The principal aim of Heraldry, in connection with the " pride of ancestry," consists in perpetuating the F 2 38 Heraldry in England. record of lineage, or direct line of descent ; conse- quently, intermarriage and other causes necessitate the display of the arms of several families upon one shield. This is termed, according to circumstances. Marshalling, Impaling, or Quartering. In proceeding to briefly consider the method of marshalling and emblazoning an ordinary shield of arms appertaining to husband and wife, let it be supposed that A, a bachelor, bears for his arms gules f a bend or {see Example 70), and that B, a 70. Bachelor. 71. Spinster. spinster, bears her paternal arms, argent, a cross- crosslet fitchee gules, within a bordure aztire. (See Example 71.) After the marriage, the two Heraldry in England. 39 arms are impaled on one shield {see Example 72),* bearing in mind that the arms of the husband are 72. Husband and wife. 73. Widow. always placed on the dexter side. If B become a widow, she retains the two arms In the same position, but again reverts to the lozenge, f (See Example ']2)') Should B, however, at the time of her marriage have been an heiress, instead of her shield of arms being impaled as just described, the husband would * Observe in single arms, or quarterly, a bordure is shown complete, but when impaled it terminates at the division line. t See remarks on Lozenge, p. 15. . Note also that spinsters and widows are not entitled to the crest, and that a man marrying a widow effaces her former husband's arms. 40 Heraldry in England. bear it in an escutcheon of pretence (or inescutcheon) placed in the centre of his shield {see Example 74), 74. Heiress, married. 75. Children of heiress. and the children of the marriage, at the death of their mother, would be entitled to perpetuate her coat of arms by quartering it with the paternal arms. (See Example 75.) In this manner arises the practice of quartering shields of arms of families. Although widows display the deceased husband's arms upon the lozenge, nevertheless some difference of opinion has existed concerning the emblazonment of the shield of arms of a widower. In the event of his re-marrying, some authorities incline to the opinion that where the first wife has not been an heiress her armorial bearings should be effaced from Heraldry in England. 41 his shield, but this idea is not often adopted, the prevailing custom permitting the deceased wife's armorials to remain, and generally governed in the manner indicated by the following examples. Let it be supposed that A having married a second wife C, he then divides the shield into three equal portions palewise, placing his own arms in the centre, and apportioning the dexter division of the shield to his late wife B, and the sinister to C (or, three escallop shells sable), neither wife an heiress. (See Example 76.) But should A on the second occasion have married an heiress, he would be entitled to bear her armorials in an escutcheon of pretence placed on his shield, in Heraldry in England. the centre of the dexter side of the impalement. {See Example yy.) 77. In the event of the deceased wife B having been an heiress, and the second wife C also an heiress, A would emblazon their armorials each upon a separate escutcheon of pretence placed side by side upon his own shield. {See Example 78.) Before, however, a woman can be actually con- Heraldry in England. 43 sidered an heiress, she must have no father, brother, or descendant of a brother, living ; the presumption being that, during the lifetime of the father, even should he become a widower, by re-marriage he renders the birth of a male infant possible, to the consequent extinction of the right of the daughter to be termed an heiress. Another consideration in connexion with lineage is, that the woman cannot confer rank or title by marriage. For instance, suppose a peeress marries an esquire. Although she retains her title for life, she cannot confer the dignity upon her husband; and if she have a son by a former marriage, the title at her death descends to him ; consequently, the arms of the hus- band and wife are displayed separately — his upon a shield, with his crest above, while the lady retains the lozenge, together with the supporters, and the coronet is placed over her arms only. But this rule is reversed concerning the man. Thus, for example, if a peer of the realm marries a lady beneath his own rank, such marriage immediately raises the lady to the husband's position, and their armorial bearings are impaled on one shield, the lady sharing the title and adopting the use of the coronet by right of equality with the husband. 44 Heraldry in England, Even under these circumstances, however, the wife is not entitled to show, in connexion with her armorial bearings, either the collars or badges of the orders ot knighthood, or decorations conferred upon the husband for distinguished services, such distinctions having been specially awarded to the man only; consequently, it frequently becomes necessary to make use of two shields placed side by side, the orders and badges being shown in connexion with the arms of the man on one shield, the arms of the wife being impaled with those of the husband on the other, but the coronet is placed equally above the two shields^ in order to indicate that the title is shared by the husband and wife conjointly. Archbishops and bishops retain the ancient custom prevailing before the Reformation, when the privilege of marriage was denied to them by the Romish Church, and continue to impale their paternal coat only with the arms of the see, giving precedence to the latter by placing their own armorial bearings on the sinister side of the shield (see Example 79). Consequently, when it is desired that the arms of the wife should be added, a second shield, impaled with arms of the husband and wife, is adopted for this purpose, the two shields being placed side by 79- Benson. Argent, three trefoils sable between two bendlets gules. Canterbury. Azu re, an episcopal staff in pale argent, ensigned with a cross pattee or, sur- mounted by a pall of the second, edged and fringed of the third, charged with four crosses formee fitchee sable. The above is an enlargement of the Signet of His Grace, the Archbishop of Canterbury. G 2 46 Heraldry in England. side, the one containing the arms of the see taking precedence. Marks of distinction or filiation, termed Cadency, are used in conjunction with marshalling, in order to indicate the different branches of families. Thus, the mark of distinction for the first son is the label, the second son the crescetit, the third son a mullet, the lsr-LJsrz\ 80. First son. CADENCY. 81. Second son. 82. Third son. 83. Fourth son. 84. Fifth son. 85. Sixth son. fourth son a martlet, the fifth son an atmulet, the sixth son a fleur-de-lis [see Examples 80 to 85).* These marks are generally borne as nearly as possible to the "middle chief" point of the shield, * Those who wish to gain a complete knowledge of detail con- cerning Cadency and Differencing would do well to carefully peruse " English Heraldry " (chaps, xii. and xiii.), by the late Chas. Boutell, M.A. Heraldry in England. 47 and should also be placed upon the crest where possible, and upon the shoulders of supporters. Being what may be termed accidental charges, and in order to avoid false Heraldry, they can be shown either in metal or colour, according to circumstances. Another method of arranging the various armorial bearings belonging to a family without marshalling them on one shield was frequently adopted, especially on seals, and which might appropriately be termed GROUPING. This was accomplished by showing each arms on a separate shield, these being arranged in such a manner as to form, together with the accessories or surroundings, one perfect design. The annexed enlargement of the seal of " Isabelle de la Beche " {Example 86) illustrates the perfection which this style and arrangement had attained early in the fourteenth century.* * This interesting seal was turned up from the earth in 1871 at Beche, near Aldworth, on the borders of Berkshire, and in the immediate vicinity of the site where stood the old mansion occupied (thirteenth century) by successive generations of the fanjily De la Beche. At Aldworth, by the courtesy of the vicar (in whose possession the seal remains), the author was permitted to take a wax impression, from which the above illustration has been made. The seal is of solid silver, about one inch in height, and the face nearly seven-eighths of an inch in diameter, both seal and engraving being in a perfect state of preservation. ^ Heraldry in England. 53 T nth the Royal Approbatmi) to the most Noble ^ omas Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal and Here- iry Marshal of England that such Anns and Crest 1/ be granted and assigned to him as He and his ascendants may law filly bear and use, And ^^hereas his Lordship being well satisfied of the oyalty and Fidelity of the said Samuel Vanderplank "^'7 his Majesties Person and Government, and also of lis sufficiency to support the State and Degree of a Gentleman hath by Warrant under his hand and Seal ^bearing date the fourth day of January last. Directed 'us to devise a Grant and Assign unto the said Samuel 'Vanderplank such Arm,s and Crest accordingly. Now 'now ye, That We the said Garter and Clarenciezix in ptirsuajice of the said Warrant of the said Earl of ^ 'ssex and by vertue of the letters Patent of our ' ces to each of Us respectively Granted under the at Seal of G^- Britain Do by these Presents Grant Assign to the said Sarnuel Vanderplank and His . fidl Descendants the Arms and Crest hereafter P ^ ^^'^Honed viz Party per fess crenelle Argent ^ , \d Gtdes on a canton vert a golden fleece, For his Crest on a wreath of the Colours a demy TYGER PROPER holding between his fore paws a Shield ARGENT charged with an Eagle displayed sable as H 2 54 Heraldry in England. in the margin hereof is more plainly depicted, to be borne and used for ever hereafter by him the said Samuel Vanderplank and the Heirs and other Descendants of his body Lawfully begotten with their due and proper differences according to the Law a?td Practice of Arms without the Lett or Lnterruption of any Person or Persons whatsoever, In witness whereof We the said Garter and Clarencieux have to these Presents subscribed our Names and affixed the Seals of our respective Offices this first day of August in the first year of the Reign of our Sovereigne Lord George the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith &"• Anno D' 1727. 'fohn Anstis, Garter Knox Ward Clar' Principal King of A rms. King of A rins. " * It should be borne in mind that Heraldry remains * This grant many years since and under peculiar circumstances came into the possession of my father, the late Mr. J. Renton. It is engrossed upon a large skin of vellum, and the whole of the written portion is enclosed in a beautifully-designed and illuminated border. The document is additionally interesting from the fac that it bears the signature of John Anstis, one of the most industrious and celebrated of Heralds. Heraldry in England. 55 of importance in connexion with honours, dignities, titles of nobility, orders, and decorations, the awarding of which still forms one of the special and graceful prerogatives of the Crown ; and the ceremonies attending these investitures continue to be conducted under the control of the Heralds, and are duly recorded and registered at the College of Arms. Treating of the history and science of Heraldry,* more with the object of stimulating others to further research than to impress the student with a false idea of its magnitude, this little treatise will have sufficiently explained the rudiments, to enable those who desire a more detailed acquaintance with the subject to obtain, by the aid of such technical works as may be * It is somewhat surprising, and also a matter for regret, that students, especially those in upper-class schools, are not encouraged to acquire a thorough knowledge of this interesting subject \ never- theless, the following plan of self-instruction will be found of great service : — Take, for instance, "Burke's Peerage," carefully read description of any armorials given therein, and make drawings accord- ing to the information conveyed, subsequently correcting by the aid of the illustrations. After pursuing this course for a time, reverse the order of procedure : study the illustrations, and endeavour to describe the armorial bearings and all other details, and afterwards correct by the aid of the printed description. By this means much knowledge may be gained, not only of the different bearings, but also of correct heraldic method and arrangement. 56 Heraldry in England. found requisite, a complete knowledge of many items of interest which have not come within the scope of these pages. Undoubtedly, a wider, deeper, and more general appreciation of the laws and spirit of Heraldry would tend to preserve the science in its integrity, and also deter many of those in the present day who pos- sess neither right nor title to ancestral honours, but nevertheless assume without authority the use of armorial bearings, not necessarily from a desire to deceive, but frequently through love of ostentation and lack of knowledge. In conclusion, it must be admitted that Heraldry has left a lasting mark upon the nation by aiding in the preservation of the memories of royal, noble, and family distinction, forming an interesting con- nexion between the Past and the Present, and remaining of service to the Future, in perpetuating the record of many important events in the annals of the State largely contributing to the glorious history of the kingdom. Heraldry in England. 57 In a work such as the foregoing, traversing so much ground and condensing the result into such limited space, it may possibly have happened that some slight omissions have occurred. The Author respectfully intimates that he will esteem it a favour if correspondents will kindly suggest to him what additions it might be desirable to make in order to render future editions of increased practical value. The Author has endeavoured in the following Glossary to accurately describe the various objects appertaining to the subject, and where the description might possibly fail to convey a complete idea of form, &c., he has added illustrations as a further guide to the student. f 3nl>e;e anb (Bfo00atg^ ABAisSfi, abased, or placed below. Abbreviations (in colour) — Arg,, Ar., silver Or, gold. Az., blue. Pp^, proper or natural Erm., ermine. colours. Gu., red. Sa., black. Abatement, a mark of dishonour. AccOLLfi, collared or gorged. Accosted {see Cotised). Accoutred, term applied to a war-horse when fully equipped or habited. Accrued, signifying a tree fully grown. Achievements, armorials fully emblazoned. Acorn, the seed of the oak, sometimes borne as a charge ; also shown growing upon the tree {see Fructed). Addorsed, back to back. Adumbrated, shadowed. Affront^ or Affronted, facing the beholder. Aggroupment or Grouping, 47, 48 {see Example No. 86). Aiglette, eaglet. AlGUISE {see FiTCHfi). 6o Heraldry in England. AlSLfi, winged (of a colour or metal). Alant, a dog of the mastiff species with short ears. Allerion, an eagle displayed, shorn of the beak and claws. Alternate, alternated. Ambulant, walking. Anchored ^ ,. , , . , - ' / term applied to a cross, havmg the extremities A ^P^^ ' C open and curved backwards {see Moline). Angled {see Example No. 34, p. 19). Annulet, a ring ; also used in Cadency as the mark of difference for fifth son {see Example No. 84, p. 46). Ant, the emmet. Antelope, an animal of the deer tribe {see Example No. 89) as depicted in modern heraldry. Antic, antique {see Example No. '^y). Apoum£e, a hand open, showing the palm. Apres or Apree, a fabulous animal, shown as a bull with the tail like that of the bear. Argent or Ar., silver. Armed, grasping a weapon ; also a term used in describing the colour of the horns or tusks in animals, or in birds of prey the beak and claws. Index and Glossary. 6i Armed at all Points, completely encased in armour. Armour, forming a disguise, 7. gradual decline of, as a protection, 1 3. Arms, of England, when adopted, 8. of Archbishop of Canterbury [see Example No. 79). of Chaucer, 25. manner of marshalling, 28, 38. of Earl of Meath, 28, 29. of peer marrying a commoner, 43. Arrach£, erased, or torn from the body. Arrayed, clothed or habited. ASPECTING, beasts or birds facing each other. Aspersed {see Sem£e). ASSIS, sitting full front. ASSURGENT, rising from the sea. ASTROID, a star having five straight points. Attired, a term used in speaking of the antlers of the stag kind, thus : a buck trippant gules, attired or. 90. AVELLANE, a cross composed of four objects resembling filbert nuts (Example No. 90). Aversant, showing the back of a hand, the reverse of Apoum£e. Augmentation, a mark of honour granted for special services, and emblazoned on the shield. I 2 62 Heraldry m England. Aur£ {see GUTTfi d'OR, p. 24). Aylet, a sea-swallow, or Cornish chough. Azure, blue, abbreviated Az. {see p. 27, No. 43). Bachelor, manner of emblazoning arms of {see p. 38). Badge, an heraldic device worn or displayed in addition to the shield, chiefly in connexion with the honourable orders of Knighthood {see also Baronet.s) Badger {see Brock). Banded, encircled with a band. Banneret, a small square flag. Bar, a diminutive of the fess. Barbed, a term used in describing the point of an arrow or spear ; also applied to the leaves of the heraldic rose and the beard of barley or wheat. Barnacle or Brey, an instrument formerly used by farriers to curb restive horses (Example No. 91), Baron {see p. 31). Baronet's Badge {see p. 33). Baronets of Nova Scotia, Badge of, A Saltier, thereon an inesciitcheon of the arms of Scotland, with an imperial crown above the esaitcheon. Index arid Glossary. 63 Barrulet, a diminutive of the bar. Barry, a term indicating that the shield is to be divided into a given number of equal spaces barwise. Bart or BarT , abbreviations for Baronet. Base {see Example No. 52, p. 29). Basilisk as Cockatrice, but with the extremity of the tail terminating with a dragon's head. Basinet, a kind of helmet. Baton or Baston, a straight staff or truncheon. Battled or Embattled {see Example No. 27, p. 19). Baldrick or Baudrick, a sword-belt. 92. Beacon or Fire Beacon (as shown in heraldry) (Example No. 92). Beaked or BECQUfi, terms generally used in describing the colour of a bird's beak, thus : an eagle's head sa., beaked or becqu^ or. Bear, the well-known four-footed animal ; frequently used in English heraldry, and usually drawn tolerably true to its natural form. 64 Heraldry in England. Bearded {see Barbed). Bearings (in heraldry), the devices or charges which are borne upon a shield or coat of arms. Belled, term applied to a hawk or falcon having the bells upon its legs. Bend, one of the honourable ordinaries {see Examples Nos. 50 and 70, pp. 28 and 38). Bendlet {see Arms, Benson, Example No. 79, p. 45). Beaver, the vizor of a helmet. Bevel or Bevelled {see Example No. 33, p. 19). Bezant, a gold disc or coin {see p. 23). BEZANTfiE or Bezanty, strewn with bezants. Billet, an oblong object frequently met with in English heraldry, by some supposed to represent a brick, by others compared to a folded letter. Billetty, strewn with billets {see Sem£e). Bird-bolt, an arrow having a blunted head. Bishop, manner of emblazoning arms of {see p. 44). Black, sable {see Example No. 46, p. 27). Blades or Beaded, the leaves and stalk of grain. Blazonry, the -emblazoning or heraldic depicting of armorials. Blemished {see Abatement). Block-brush, a brush composed of twigs of myrtle. Blue, azure {see Example No. 43, p. 27), Blue Mantle, title of one of the pursuivants of arms {see foot-note, p. 9). Boar, wild boar, or sanglier. Bolt {see Bird-bolt). Bolting, term for hare or rabbit at full speed. Index and Glossary. 65 Border or Bordure {see Example No. 71, p. 38), manner of impaling, 39. BOTTONE, BoTTONY,orTREFFL£E,CROSS(Example No. 93). 94- BOUCHIER Knot (Example No. 94). 95- BOUGET or Water-BOWGET, a vessel anciently used for the purpose of carrying water (Examples Nos. 95, 96). Bowed or Embowed, the human arm is thus described when intended to be shown severed at the shoulder and bent backwards from the elbow. Braced, interlaced. Brand or Fire-brand, in heraldry shown as a stake or ragged staff, burning at one extremity. 66 Heraldry in England. Brey {see Barnacle, Example No. 91). Brinded, spotted. Brisee, broken. Bristled, applied in mentioning the mane of a boar, thus a boar passant gu., bristled or. Broad Arrow {see Pheon). Brock, an heraldic term for the common badger. Buckler, a shield. 97- Bugle-horn (as generally borne in heraldry, Example No. 97, sometimes without strings). Burgonet, a kind of steel cap or headpiece. Cabossed or Caboshed, an animal's head shown, full-faced, and devoid of any portion of the neck. Cadency {see p. 46). Caltrap {see Galtrap). 1 fir IrJ Calvary Cross (Example No. 98). Index and Glossary. 67 Canelle {see Invect, Example No. 24, p. 19). Can NET, a duck devoid of beak and feet. Canterbury, arms of Archbishop of {see Example No. 79, P- 45)- Canting {see Rebus). Canton, one of the honourable ordinaries {see Example No. 20, p. 18). Cap of Dignity, \ {see Example No. Cap of Maintenance or Chapeau, i 64 and p. 31). Cap, velvet, remarks on, 31. Caparisoned [see Accoutred). 99. Carbuncle or Escarbuncle, supposed to represent the rays emitted by a precious stone of that name, but really a piece of ornamental metal-work intended to strengthen the shield, and subsequently adopted as a bearing (Example No. 99). Casque, a helmet. 68 Heraldry in England. Cat-a-Mountain or Wild Cat, this animal in heraldry is always shown guardant. Caterfoil {see Quatrefoil). Catherine Wheel or St. Catherine's Wheel, an instrument of torture (Example No. lOo). Caul, the hood of a monk's gown. Centaur, Sagittarius. Chained {see Collared). Chamber-piece, a short cannon or mortar. Chapeau {see Cap of Dignity or Maintenance). Chaplet, a wreath (Example No. loi). Charged, bearing or marked with devices or charges. Index and Glossary. (yc^ Charges, the various devices with which a bearing may- be marked, thus : an eagle displayed sa., charged on the breast with a crescent or. Charges, or Bearings, denoting their own colour, 23. Checky, -\ Cheou£ L ^^'^"^ applied to any space or object covered Checouered j ^^'^^ squares of alternate colour and metal. ChevelEe, flowing, a term applied to hair. Cherub, in heraldry a child's head supported between wings. Chess Rook, sometimes found in armorials, and shown as in Example No. 102. Cheval-trap {see Galtrap, Example No. 112). Chevron, one of the honourable ordinaries {see Example No. 12, p. 17). Chevronel, the diminutive of the chevron. Chief, one of the honourable ordinaries {see Example No. 14, p. 17). Chough, a Cornish crow, having a black body, the beak and legs red. CiNQUEFOlL, five-leaved shamrock. K 2 70 Heraldry in England. Clarencieux, title of one of the Kings-at-Arms. Clarion or Claricorde {see Rest). I 103. Cockatrice, an imaginary object, combining the head of the cock with the body of the wyvern (Example No. 103). Collared, wearing a collar (or GORGED). To the collar is frequently attached a chain or cord ; the animal is then described as either collared and chained or collared and lined. Colours and Metals, heraldic method of arrangement, 26. method of indicating by lines or dots, 27. natural, how described, 23. used in emblazoning, 21. College of Arms {see Heralds' College). Combatant or Confront^, two lions or other ferocious beasts in the act of fighting, shown rampant and facing each other. Index and Glossary. 71 C0MP0N£ or GOBONY, applied to a bordure divided by colour and metal alternately, each occupying the whole width of the bordure. Coney, a rabbit. CoNTOURNfi {see Regardant). Conjoined, linked together. Corbie, a raven or crow. CORLED, coiled or twisted. Coronated, crowned or wearing a coronet. Coronets, remarks upon, 30, 31 {see Examples on pp. 32, ll\ Coronet, naval, 33. vallerie, 33. duke's, 32. ducal, 33, marquis's, 32. baron's, 32. viscount's, 32. earl's, 32. mural, 33. Cost or Cotise, a diminutive of the bend. COTISED, enclosed within two cotises. COUCHANT, couching, applied to the position of animals resting, with the forepaws extended and the head raised. Counter, in an opposite direction or manner. Counter-changing, method of, 25. Couped, separated by a clean cut. CoUPLE-CLOSE, a diminutive of the chevron {see Example No. 18, p. 18). COURANT, running. 72 Heraldry in England. Coward or Cowed, animals depicted with the tail between the legs. Crenell£, embattled {see Example No. 27, p. 19). Crescent, a half or crescent moon; in Cadency the difference for second son {see Example No. 81, p. 46; also Increscent and Decrescent). Crest or Cognizance {see pp. 7, 50, 51). used for purposes of distinction, 7. importance of correctly describing, 37. spinsters not entitled to, 39. Crest Wreath, remarks upon, 34. Crested, applied in describing the comb or tuft on a bird's head. Crined, generally used in describing the colour of the mane when it differs from that of the animal to which it belongs. Crosier, a bishop's or pastoral staff, somewhat in the form of a shepherd's crook. Cross. Numerous varieties of this emblem exist, many of them but seldom met with. Those chiefly utilised in English heraldry are indicated in their alphabetical order. 104. Cross-CROSSLET {see Example No. 104). CroSS-CROSSLET FITCHfiE {see Examples Nos. 71, jZ, pp. 38 and 42). Index and Glossary. 73 Crowns, remarks upon, 30 {see Examples on pp. 32, 33). Crusily, strewn with cross-crosslets, without regard to number. Cubit, term applied to the human arm when cut off at the elbow. In rough measurement, the length from the elbow to the extremity of the middle finger. Cuirass, a breast-plate. CuiSSES, leg armour. Cygnet, a swan. Dacre, knot (Example No. 105). Dansett£ or DANCETTii {see Example No. 25, p. 19). Debruised. An animal when used as a bearing is thus termed when partly hidden by having an ordinary placed across or over it. Decollated, without a head. Decrescent, a crescent or half-moon turned with the points or horns towards the sinister. Degradation or Degrading (i-^-^ pp. 11 and 12). Degree, manner of indicating, 3c Demi, a term invariably used in heraldry to denote the half of any object or animal. Dexter, the right side, the reverse of sinister. 74 Heraldry in England. Difference {see Distinctions), in Cadency, 46. Dismembered, an animal or bird separated from its legs and tail. Disarmed, applied to the eagle when represented without beak or claws. Displayed, sometimes termed Spread when applied to the eagle, shown fully exposed, with wings and claws ex- panded. Distinctions or Differences {see Cadency), 46. Division Lines, 16, 19. Dolphin, a sea-fish ; in heraldry, unless otherwise described, is drawn as Example No. 106). Dormant, sleeping. Dragon, a fabulous monster, frequently used in heraldry {see Example No. 107). Index and Glossary. 75 Drops {see Gutte ; Example No. 40, p. 24). Ducal or Crest Coronet. This coronet differs from the duke's coronet, each alternate leaf being omitted. It is very frequently used at the base of the crest {see Ex- ample No. 65, p. 33). Duke's Coronet \see Example No. 58, p. 32). Eagle, the well-known bird of prey, more frequently adopted for heraldic purposes than any other member of the feathered tribe. Eaglet, the young of the eagle. Earl, Coronet of {see Example No. 60, p. 32). Eastern Coronet {see Example No. 69, p. 33). Elevated, term applied to the wings of birds when com- pletely raised. Embattled {see Crenell£). Emblazoning, ancient rule in Germany, foot-note, 7. manner of procedure, 28. Embowed {see Bowed). Embraced, braced or tied together. Embrued, Imbrued, smeared or dripping with blood. Endorse, a diminutive of the pale. Endorsed {see Addorsed). Also applied to the position of wings when slightly raised and carried in a line above the back. Enfiled, pierced by the blade of a sword. Engrailed or Ingrailed {see Example No. 21, p. 19). Entwined, \ Envelloped, or I surrounded or encircled by an object. Environed, J 76 , Heraldry in England, EQUlPPEDj-'Completely clothed or caparisoned. Eradicated, forcibly torn from the roots. Erased or Erazed, torn, leaving ragged edges {see CREST, in Examples Nos. 87 and 88, pp. 50 and 51). Erect, upright. Ermine, a fur {see Example No. 36, p. 22). Ermines, a variety of ermine, black with white tails. Erminois, a variety of ermine, white with black tails or spots, each having one red hair added. Erminites, a variety of ermine, gold with black tails or spots. Escallop-shell (Example No. 108). Escarbuncle {see Carbuncle). EscARTELfi {see Example No. 28, p. 19). Escutcheon or Shield, nine points of, 29. Escutcheon of Pretence, the lesser shield used in displaying the arms of an heiress {see Example No. 74, p. 40). Etoile or ESTOILE, a star of six points wavy. Index and Glossary. 77 Esquire, helmet of, 30 {see Examples, 87 and 88). Falcon, a hawk. Fer DE Mouline, a millrind (Example No. 109). Fess or Fesse, one of the ordinaries [see Example No. 10, p. 17). Fetterlock or Fetlock (Example No. no). FiTCHfi or Fitchee, a cross pointed at one extremity {see Example in lozenge, No. 71, p. 38). Field, the surface of a shield. Fimbriated, edged. Fire-ball, a grenade. Fire-beacon {see Beacon). Flanch, "V one of the subordinate ordinaries formed by Flanque, or >- lines curving inwards from the sides of the Flasque, J shield {see Example No. 17, p. 18). L 2 78 Heraldry in England. Flexed or Flected, bent or bowed. Fleece or Golden Fleece, the body or skin of a sheep or, and hung by the middle. Fleur DE Lis, a well-known heraldic device ; also used as a mark of Cadency for sixth son {see Example No. 85, p. 46). FoRMfiE, Cross {see Arms of Canterbury, Example No. 79, P- 45)- III. Fleury, Flory, Flurty, or Flurett£, terms used to denote anything terminating or ornamented with the fleur-de-lis, thus: a cross fiory (Example No. iii. See also Tressure, Flory Counter-Flory). Flotant, a banner or flag flying in the breeze. Fountain {see Example No. 39, p. 24). Fret, one of the subordinate ordinaries {see Example No. 19, p. 18). Fretty, interlaced ; also narrow bands crossing diagonally. Fructed, bearing fruit. Furs used in heraldry {see Examples Nos. 36, 37, and 38, p. 22). Furnished {see Caparisoned). Index and Glossary. 79 Fusil, a charge resembling the lozenge, but rather elongated in form, supposed to represent a kind of spindle. Galley {see Lymphad). GalTRAP, Caltrap, or Cheval-TRAP, instruments formerly used in warfare to gall or check the enemies' horses ; they were made of iron, and formed with four points in such a manner that when strewn upon the field one of the points always turned upwards {see Example No. 1 1 2). Game or Gambe, the paw of a wild beast. Garb or Garbe, a sheaf of grain. Garbed, habited or clothed. Gardant or GUARDANT, term applied to animals with the head turned full front, thus : Hon X2ssy^2x\l giiardant {see Examples Nos. 87 and 88). Garland {see Chaplet). Garter {see Knighthood). Garter King-at-Arms {see Heralds). Gauntlet, armour for the hand. Gaze, or At Gaze, term applied to stags, harts, &c., when looking towards the beholder. 8o Heraldry in England. Gemelles or Gemel, bars or rings borne in couples or double. Genuant, kneeling. Gobon£ or GOBONY {see COMPONfi). Golden Fleece {see Fleece). GOLPE, a roundle coloured purple, 24, GONFANNON, a banner. Gorged, wearing a crown or coronet around the neck. Grade, manner of indicating^ 30. Grants of Arms, 52. Grices or Grieces, steps {see base of Cross, Calvary, Example No. 98). "3- Griffin or Gryphon, an imaginary monster frequently used in heraldry (Example No. 113). Grouping or Aggroupment, 47, 48. Guardant {see Gardant). GUIGE, the shield-belt (as shown on frontispiece), GUILLIM ("Display of Heraldry"), 22, 25. Gules, red {see Example No. 42, p. 27). GUTTE, a drop {see Example No. 40, p. 24). Index and Glossary. 8i GUTTfiE or GUTTE, sprinkled with drops. Gyron, one division of gyronny. Gyronn£ or Gyronny. When the shield is divided p" cross and /'' saltier it is termed gyronni of eight {see Example No. 8, p. i6), or when divided p" fesse and p saltier^ gyronne of six. Habergeon, a coat or jacket in mail armour, but without sleeves. Habited, clothed. Hand {see Baronet's Badge, Example No. 63, p. 33 ; also APOUMfiE and Aversant). 114. Harpy, an imaginary object, having the head and bust of a woman and the body of a vulture (Example No. 114). "5- Harrington Knot (Example No. 115). 82 Heraldry in England. Hatchment (Funereal), shield of arms displayed in a lozenge-shaped border, upon the residence of the owner lately deceased. Haurient, term applied to fishes when shown upright or palewise. ii6. Hawk's Lure or Decoy (Example No. ii6). Heath-cock {see Moor-cock). Heiress, 42, 43. Helm or Helmet, armour for the head {see Examples Nos. 87 and 88). Helmets, as indications of grade, 30. of nobility, description of, 30. Helved, term used in describing the handle of a weapon. Hempbreake or Hackle, an instrument used in former times for the purpose of bruising hemp. 117. Heneage Knot (Example No. 117). Index and Glossary. Heralds, their ancient duties, 8. appointment of, 9. as an official fraternity (foot-note), 9. present number of (foot-note), 9. library (foot-note), 9. visitations, their object, 1 1. duties of, present, 52. rights of, 52. 83 The titles of the Herald, Chester Heralds' College {see pp. 9, 10, 55). Heralds are as follow : — Windsor Herald, Richmond Herald, Somerset Herald, York Herald, Lancaster Herald {see also King-AT-Arms ; also Pursuivant). acquisition of portion of Arundelian Library (foot-note), 10. Heraldic Sculpture, remarks on, by Prof Ruskin, 14. Heraldic Tiger or Tyger {see Example No. 118). Heraldry, probable origin of, 5, 6. former use and value of, 8, 9. rules adopted, 10. in architectural and domestic ornament, 13, 14. M 84 Heraldry in England. Heraldry, archaeological importance of, 14. various signs and objects adopted, 20. method towards self-instruction in, 55. its present importance, 55, 56. Hereditary Earl Marshal (foot-note), 9. Holy Lamb {see Paschal Lamb). Hooded, a hawk or falcon wearing the hood. Horn (Hunting) {see Bugle-horn). Horns, the points of a crescent. Hurt, a roundle blue, or azure, 24. HURTY, charged or strewn with hurts. Hydra, a fabulous monster formed like the dragon, but with seven heads. 119. Ibex, a kind of heraldic antelope (Example No. 119), Imbattled {see Embattled). Imbowed {see Embowed). Imbrued {see Embrued). Impaling or Impaled, a shield divided palewise {see Example No. 72, p. 39). method of, 38. Index and Glossary. 85 In , term used to describe bearings or charges disposed in the direction of an ordinary when no ordinary is really shown, thus : hi bend (or bendwise). Increscent, the crescent moon with the horns or points turned towards the dexter, the reverse of decrescent. Indented {see Example No. 22, p. 19). Indorsed, back to back [see Endorsed). Inescocheon, a small escutcheon shaped like a shield. Invected {see Example No. 24, p. 19). ISABELLE de LA Beche, seal of, 48 {see Example No. Z6). Jessant, issuing. Jesse, the leather fastening by which the bell is attached to the legs of the falcon. JOINANT, conjoined. Just or Joust, the tournament. influence of, in connexion with heraldry, 6, 7. King-at-Arms, one of the chief Heralds. Knight, description of helmet, 30. Knighthood, orders and collars, how arranged in emblazoning, 44. chief orders of which in Great Britain are : — The Most Noble Order of the Garter. The Most Honourable Order of the Bath. The Most Illustrious Order of St. Patrick. The Ancient Order of the Thistle. Knot. Knots of various forms are borne as family badges, and will be found depicted under their M 2 86 Heraldry in England, initial letters {see Examples Nos. 94, 105, 115, 117, 137, 141). Label, borne in Cadency as distinction or difference for first son {see Example No. 80, p. 46). Lamb, Holy, or Paschal, lamb {see Example No. 123). Lambrequin {see p. 34 and Examples Nos. Zy^ 88). Langued, tongued (of a colour). Larmes {see Gutte). Leashed, applied to the cord attached to the collar of a dog. Leopard, depicted like the lion, but without the mane or the tuft at the extremity of the tail. Lines of Partition {see p. 16). varieties of, 19. Lined {see Collared). Lion, sometimes termed the king of beasts, very frequently used in heraldry {see Examples Nos. 87, 88), and in various attitudes. Lioncels, small lions. Lodged, term used in describing a stag at rest. Lowered {see Abaiss£). Lozenge {see Examples Nos. i and 2, p. 15 ; Examples Nos. 71 and 73, pp. 38, 39). Lucy, the pike or jack. Lure {see Hawk's Lure). Lymphad, an ancient form of ship. Mace, a wooden club or bdton. Mail, ring or scale armour. Index and Glossary. 87 Maintenance, Cap of, or Dignity, also Chapeau {see Example No. 64, and pp. 31, 33). Maltese Cross {see Example No. 120). Manche or Maunch, a long, hanging sleeve. Mantle, a rich cloak generally shown lined with ermine and deeply fringed. Mantling {see Lambrequin, p. 34, and Examples Nos. 87, 88, pp. 50, 51). Marks of Filiation {see Cadency), 46. Marshalling, 38-49. arms of a peeress wedded to an esquire, 43. arms of archbishop or bishop, 44 {see Example No. 79, p. 45). arms of husband and wife, 39. arms of widow, 39. arms of heiress married, 40. arms of children of heiress, 40. arms of husband twice married, 41, 42. Martlet {see Example No. 83, p. 46), mark in Cadency for fourth son. Marquis, coronet of, 32. Mascle, a lozenge-shaped figure, open or voided in the centre. 88 Heraldry in England. Membered, term used in describing the colour of birds' legs, membered of a colour. Metals and Colours, heraldic arrangement of, 26. Mill-rind or Mill-rine {see Fer de Mouline, Example No. 109). Miniver, a fur of the ermine kind. Mitre, archbishop's {see Example No. 79, p. 45). Mitres have varied considerably in form at different periods. Much interesting information on the subject is contained in Lee's " Glossary of Liturgical and Ecclesiastical Terms," pp. 217-220. MoLiNE Cross (No. 121). Moor-cock or Heath-cock, as shown in Heraldr>' {see Example No. 122). Index and Glossary. 89 Motto, remarks upon {see Examples Nos, 87, 88, and PP- 35, 36). Mound, part of the regalia, a ball surmounted by a cross. Mound or Mount, a grassy hillock. Mounting, rampant. Mullet, the rowel of a spur, with five points, mark of difference for third son {see Example No. 82, p. 46). Mural (crown) {see Example No. 6j, p. 33). Muzzled, wearing a muzzle, in heraldry generally seen on the head of the bear. Naiant, swimming. Naissant, issuing from. Naval Crown {see Example No. 66, p. 33). NOMBRIL Point, centre of the shield {see Example No. 52, p. 29). Norman Conquest, influence on heraldry, 6. NORROY, title of one of the Kings-at-Arms. Nowed, knotted or twisted. Of , the field. Term used in order to avoid repetition, and denoting that the charge or bearing is of the same tincture or metal as the field previously mentioned. Ogress or Pellet, a black roundle {see p. 24). Ond£ or Und£, wavy. Or, gold. Ordinary, a simple charge {see p. 17). Ordinary of Arms, a classified list of armorials. Orle, a bordure, but not extending to the edge of the shield. 90 Heraldry in England. Over-all or Surtout {see Debruised). Ounce or Lynx, an animal of the tiger tribe. y P., abbreviation for purpure or purple. Pale, one of the ordinaries {see Example No. 9, p. 17). Per Pale, party per pale [see Example No. 3, p. i6). Paly, a term used when the shield is ruled palewise into a specified number of divisions. Pall [see Example No. 79, Arms of Canterbury, p. 45). Pallet, a diminutive of the pale. Partition Lines, 16, 19. 123. Paschal Lamb or Holy Lamb (Example No. 123). Passant, walking, the attitude of, applied to animals. 124. Patt£e, also Form£e, cross of that name (Example No. 124). Index and Glossary. 91 Paternoster, a cross composed of beads. nF t 125. 126. Patonce Cross (Example No. 125). Patriarchal Cross (Example No. 126). Pean, a variety of the fur ermine {see foot-note on p. 2i). Peer, a noble. Pegasus, a winged horse. Pelican. This bird, when represented feeding her young, is termed in her piety. Pellet or Ogress, 24. Pennon, a small flag terminating in one or two points. Per Bend {see Example No. 5, p. 16). Per Fess {see Example No. 4, p. 16). Per Pale {see Example No. 3, p. 16). Period, style according to {see Examples Nos. ^y, 88, and p. 49). 127. Pheon, the barbed head of an arrow or dart (Example No. 127). N 92 Heraldry in England. Phcenix, in heraldry depicted as a demi-eagle issuing from flames. Pierced, perforated with a round hole. Pierced, transfixed by an arrow or sword. Piety {see Pelican). Pile, one of the ordinaries {see Example No. 1 5). Plate, a disc of silver {see p. 23). Points of the Escutcheon {see p. 29). Pomme, 24. and n.n.o. 128. Portcullis, a strong grating formerly used as a barrier at the portal of a castle ; also the title of one of the pursuivants-at-arms (Example No. 128). Potent, one of the furs used in heraldry (Example No. 38). Potent Cross, a cross the extremities of which are shaped like the head of a crutch (Example No. 129). Index and Glossary. 93 PbWDERED or SEMfiE, sprinkled or strewn. Pride, term used in describing a peacock or turkey when placed full front with the tail spread. Prince of Wales, crown of {see Example No. 54, p. 32). Princes, crown o{{see Example 56, p. 32). Proper or Pp\ of the natural colour. Purpure, purple colour. Pursuivant, a herald of the lesser grade, and of which there are four, bearing the following names: Rouge Croix, Blue-Mantle, Rouge Dragon, and Portcullis. Quartering {see p. 40). Quarterfoil or Quatrefoil, four-leaved shamrock. Queue, the tail. Quiver, a case for arrows. Ragged {see Ragul£, p. 19, Example No. 35). 130. Ragul£, or Raguly, Cross (Example No. 130). Rampant, abbreviated Ramp'^- the well-known and spirited attitude so frequently given to lions and other wild beasts in heraldry {see Hon ramp*- gardant in shield. Examples Nos. 87, 88). Rayonnant or Rayonn£ displaying or emitting rays {see Example No. 32, p. 19). Razed or Rased, broken or splintered N 2 94 Heraldry in England. Rebus, a combination of objects indicating the name of the owner or bearer. Thus a bolt (or blunt arrow) and a tun (or cask) for Bolton. Termed also Canting heraldry, and at one time much adopted. Recercel£e, or Recersile, Cross (Example No. 131). Reflexed, bent over backwards. Regardant or Reguardant, term applied to an animal when shown looking backward. Respectant, gazing at each other, or face to face. Rest or Claricorde (Example No. 132). Retorted, two serpents twisted together. Ribbon or Ribband, a diminutive of the bend. R0MP£ or Rompu, fractured or broken. Rose (heraldic) (Example No. 133). . Index mid Glossary. 95 Rouge Croix {see Pursuivant). ROUNDLES or ROUNDLETS {see p. 23). Royal Crown, 32. Royal Duke, crown of, 32. Royal Nephew, crown of, 32. RUSTRE, a small lozenge pierced in the centre with a circular aperture. S. and Sa., abbreviations for sable or black. Salamander, a reptile fabulously accredited with the power of being able to exist in the midst of flames. Salient, springing upward. Saltier or Saltire, one of the ordinaries {see Example No. 13, p. 17). Sanglant, bloody. Sanguine, dark red or murrey (colour but seldom used). SCARPE, one of the sub-ordinaries and a diminutive of the bend sinister. Scutcheon, same as escutcheon. 134. Sea-horse (Example No. 134). 96 Heraldry in England. Seal, Isabelle de la Beche, 47, 48 {see Example No. 86). Richard I., reference to, 8. Second Wife, manner of marshalling the arms of, 41, 42 {see Examples Nos. 'j6, yj, 78). Sedant {see Sejant), Seeded, term applied to the centre of the heraldic rose when describing colour. Segreant, same as rampant, and used instead of that term when applied to the griffin or the dragon. Sejant, sitting (in profile). Sem£e or SEMMfi, obj'ects strewn or scattered upon the field. Sexfoil, six-leaved shamrock. Shackle {see Fetter-lock). Shafted, term used in denoting the colour of the shaft of the arrow or spear, thus : a spear shafted or, barbed gu. Shamrock, the trefoil. Sheldrake, a duck. Shield, reason for emblazoning, 7. emblazoned, remarks upon, by J. L. Planche, Esq., 8 (foot-note). peculiar forms of, 14. division lines of, 16. importance of correctly describing bearings on, 37. Shivered, broken. 135- Shuttle, weaver's (Example No. 135). Index and Glossary. 97 Sinister, the left (reverse of dexter). Slipped, term denoting that a sprig, branch, or \tz,{ has been torn from the parent stem. SOARANT, soaring or flying above. Spectant {see Gaze). Spinster, arms of, 38. Spread {see Displayed). 137- Spur, a goad for a horse (Example No. 136). Stafford Knot (Example No. 137). Starved, term applied to a leafless tree. Statant, standing. In this position all four feet of the beast should be on the wreath or ground. Stouping or Stooping, applied to a hawk in the act of descending or swooping. Stringed or Strung, the string attached to a bugle-horn {see Example No. 97). Style, remarks upon, 49 {see Examples Nos. 87, 88). Sub-ordinaries. Berry, in his " Introduction to Heraldry," mentions twenty-five varieties, as follows : — The Bar, the Banilet, Bars Gemelles, the Cottice, the Pallet, the Endorse, the Bendlet^ the Ribbon, the Cost, the Scarpe, the 98 Heraldry in England. Chevrofiel, the Couple Close^ the Bordtire, the Tressure, the Inescocheon, the Pile, the Canton, Flanclies, the Gyron, the /^r^/, the /*«//, the Lozenge, the Mascle, the Fusil, and the Rustre. Supporters, figures placed by the side of a shield, and in the act of holding or supporting it, 36, 37. SURGIANT, about to rise on the wing. Tabard, a richly-embroidered coat without sleeves, worn by heralds. Talbot, an English hound. Tasces, armour for the thighs. T 138. Tau or Cross of St. Anthony (Example No. 138). Tenn£ or Tawney, orange colour, seldom used in English heraldry {see foot-note, p. 26). TORCE or Torse, the crest-wreath. TORQUED, wreathed. TORTEAUX {see ROUNDLES, p. 24). \ it Index and Glossary. 99 Transfixed or Transpierced, pierced completely through. Trefoil, shamrock. Tressure, Flory Counter-flory (Example No. 139). Tricking, 26. Trident, a spear with three barbed points. Trippant, tripping, an attitude frequently accorded to stags, antelopes, &c. Tyger, heraldic tiger {see Example No. 118). Unde, Und^e, or Undy, same as Wavy. Unguled, hoofed, usually followed by the colour. 140. Unicorn, a fabulous animal (Example No. 140). 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