GENERAL AND CONCISE 
 
 HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 TOWN AND PORT 
 
 OF 
 
 KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 BY 
 
 JAMES JOSEPH SHEAHAN, 
 
 AUTHOR OF HISTORIES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE, OXFORDSHIRE, EAST AND NORTH 
 RIDINGS OF YORKSHIRE, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, ETC. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO., STATIONERS' HALL COURT. 
 BEVERLEY : JOHN GREEN, MARKET PLACE. 
 
 MDCCCISIV.
 
 ENTERED AT STATIONERS' HALL.
 
 HIS 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 During the last quarter of the eighteenth century two Histories 
 of Hull, in thick quarto volumes, by George Hadley, Esq., and the 
 Rev. John Tickell, respectively, were published. Since the opening 
 of the present century, the Town has been not only almost rebuilt, 
 but it has been much more than doubled in size ; and, notwith- 
 standing this, I have ventured upon writing a history of the place — 
 a condensed one of necessity — in a small volume of about 700 
 pages. How I have succeeded, my readers must determine. The 
 narrow limits of the work obliged me to relinquish the higher 
 functions of the historian, and to content myself with the simple 
 part of the careful chronicler, recording little more than dry details 
 of events of a remarkable character, and the facts connected with 
 the origin and present state of the Town and its public institutions. 
 For this reason I have seldom given expression to any opinion of 
 my own. 
 
 The imperative necessity of accuracy, and the great labour and 
 time involved in preparing the work for the press, has rendered its 
 production somewhat tardy ; but my Subscribers have been gainers 
 by this, for the delay has afforded time to verify the correctness of 
 almost every statement. To secure authenticity, I have used the 
 most unremitting endeavours ; and I have taken every possible care 
 
 •L^'O'^C/'U'"^ 
 
 ENGLISH LOCAL
 
 IV PREFACE. 
 
 to avoid the mistakes, and profit by the experience of my prede- 
 cessors in this particular line of literature ; and so, without claiming 
 immunity from error, I have good ground for hoping that this 
 volume will be found as accurate, and as free from the many 
 blemishes which disfigure some of our best authorities, as is com- 
 patible with the vast body of matter, and the diversity of subjects 
 compressed within its pages. 
 
 The several Clergymen and Gentlemen of the Town, who have 
 very kindly aided me with valuable information, will here permit 
 the expression of my gratitude ; and to my numerous Subscribers, 
 I most respectfully dedicate the work. 
 
 J. O . b. 
 
 Hull, June, 1864.
 
 HISTORY OF HULL. 
 
 Kingston-upon-Hull, or as it is commonly called Hull, is a 
 parliamentary and municipal borough, and market-town, and one 
 of the principal sea-ports in the British empire. It is, with its 
 precincts, a town and county, locally situated in the East Riding of 
 Yorkshire, on the south-eastern extremity of the Hunsley Beacon 
 division of the Wapentake of Harthill. The town stands on an 
 angular point of land on the northern shore of the noble estuary of 
 the Humber, and on the western bank of the river Hull; and 
 comprises the parishes of the Holy Trinity, St. Mary, Sculcoates, 
 and Drypool, part of the parish of Sutton, and the extra-parochial 
 district of Garrison Side. 
 
 By the turnpike roads the place is distant from London, 171 
 miles N. ; from York, 38 miles S.E. ; from Leeds, 54 miles E. ; 
 from Lincoln, 41 miles N. ; from Doncaster, 49 miles N.E. ; from 
 Beverley, 9 miles S. ; from Bridlington, 31 miles S. ; from Hedon, 
 5+ miles W. ; from Patrington, 16 miles N.W. ; from Hornsea, 16 
 miles S. by W. ; from Manchester, 94 miles E. by N. ; from Edin- 
 burgh, 242 miles S.E.; from Glasgow, 258 miles S.E.; and from 
 Dublin, by way of Liverpool, 250 miles — 120 miles of the distance 
 being by sea. 
 
 The distance from Hull to the following towns, by railway, is as 
 follows: — to London 214J miles via Milford-j unction, and 175 miles 
 via New Holland ; to York 53+ miles (by water 80 miles) ; to Leeds 
 55+ miles ; to Lincoln, via New Holland, 45+ miles ; to Selby 30+ 
 miles; to Scarborough 53+ miles; to Sheffield 69 miles; to Man- 
 
 B
 
 2 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 Chester 99 miles via Milford-j unction, and 111 miles via New 
 Holland ; to Edinburgh 262 miles via York ; and to Glasgow 
 309 miles via York. 
 
 Hull is in 53 degrees 45 minutes north latitude, and degrees 
 16 minutes west longitude. 
 
 The population of this place has increased immensely since the 
 commencement of the present century. In 1801 the aggregate 
 number of the inhabitants was 29,849 ; in 1811 that number had 
 swelled to 37,466 ; and in 1821 to 41,420. In the year 1841, the 
 population of the borough numbered 65,670 souls ; and in 1851 the 
 number was 84,690. On the 8th of April, 1861, the population of 
 the municipal and parliamentary borough of Kingston-upon-Hull 
 numbered 98,994 souls; and the number of inhabited houses in 
 the borough at the same period was 20,581. 
 
 In the year 1861, the population of England and Wales, with the 
 Isle of Man and Channel Islands, including the army and navy at 
 home, amounted in number to 20,209,671. The increase in England 
 and Wales since the census of 1851, was 2,138,615, tbough in the 
 interval about 640,300 persons emigrated. Between the years 1851 
 and 1861, the male population of England and Wales increased 
 11-33 per cent., and the female population 12-50 per cent. On the 
 last census night there were, in England and Wales 124,962 per- 
 sons in workhouses, 13,456 in hospitals, 24,207 in lunatic asylums, 
 26,395 in prisons and reformatories, and 23,598 in orphan asylums 
 and other principal charitable institutions. 
 
 According to the Twenty-fourth Annual Report of the Registrar 
 General, issued in April, 1863, the progress of population in England 
 in the last quarter of a century, may thus be stated roundly : — 
 Each quin-quennial period added a million, or a little more, to the 
 account.
 
 The noble river Humber, upon the banks of -which the town of 
 Kingston-upon-Hull is seated, may be considered the Thames of the 
 midland and northern counties of England. It divides the East 
 Biding of Yorkshire from Lincolnshire, during the whole of its 
 course, and is formed by the junction of the Ouse and Trent. At 
 Bromfleet it receives the little river Foulness, and rolling its vast 
 collection of waters eastward, in a stream enlarged to between two 
 and three miles in breadth, washes the town of Hull, where it re- 
 ceives the river of the same name. Opposite to Hedon and Paull, 
 which are a few miles below Hull, the Humber widens into a vast 
 estuary, six or seven miles in breadth, and then directs its course 
 past Great Grimsby, to the German Ocean, which it enters at 
 Spurn Head. No other river system collects waters from so many 
 points,* and connects so many importaut towns as this famous 
 stream. " The Humber (says a recent writer), resembling the 
 trunk of a vast tree spreading its branches in every direction, com- 
 mands, by the numerous rivers which it receives, the navigation 
 and trade of a very extensive and commercial part of England." 
 According to Camden, Ptolemy calls this river the estuary A bus ; 
 and that quaint old author, Lambard, writes thus : — " Humber is 
 not the name of any one water within Inglande, but is a name that 
 is gyven to the metinge of many waters, and therefore Lelande con- 
 tendeth reasonablye that it should be called Aber, which in the 
 Bryttishe is the same that the Saxons and we nowe calle the mouthe 
 of a ryver; for it hathe not the name of Humber till it approche 
 neare Kingston-on-Hull, before which tyme it hathe receyved Ouse, 
 Ure, Done, Trent, Hull water, and some other smal brokes, and so 
 openeth into the sea ; and therefore Humber hathe not as a ryver 
 of itselfe anye begginninge (as Polydor and others describe), but 
 
 * The rivers Ouse and Trent which united form the Humher, receive the waters 
 of the Aire, Calder, Don, Old Don, Derwent, Idle, Sheaf, Soar, Nidd, Ure or Yore, 
 Wharfe, &c.
 
 4 HISTORY OF KTNGSTOX-UPON-HUTX. 
 
 may wel inoughe be said to begynne withe the head of any of those 
 ryvers "which it receyveth. It should seme that Ptolemy meut this 
 ryver when he speaketh of Abus, so callinge the same that the 
 Bryttons called Aber. Geffrey of Moumouthe, the leader of our 
 Iuglishe Chroniclers, sayeth that it was called Humber by occasion 
 that Locrine, the eldest sou of Brutus, chased Humber, the Kinge 
 of the Hunnes (that arryved in his country) into this water, wheare 
 he was drowned. 
 
 Dum fugit obstat ei flumen, submergitur illic, 
 Deque suo tribuit nomine nomen aquae. 
 
 After that the Saxons weare come in great nomber into this ile, they 
 fel at variance among themselves, in so much that Ethelbert, Kinge 
 of Kent (which receyved Augustine), warringe upon the rest, en- 
 larged his dominion to this water; herof began the people beyonde 
 the same to be called Northumbers, and their Kingdome Northum- 
 berland. This ryver, and the Thamis (as Polydor observeth), do 
 not so comonly overflowe their banks, as other waters within the 
 realme, which he imputeth probablye to the qualitie of the ground 
 underneathe, which being gravel soketh muche ; but the cause of 
 the groweth no lesse, by reason that theise twoe waters be not 
 neighboured with so many hilles, as Severn and others be, from 
 which every sodeiue rayne descendinge into the ryvers, causeth 
 theim to swell sodenlye also." 
 
 Thomas Walton, Esq. (surgeon), of Hull, wrote a series of in- 
 teresting papers called "Loose Leaves from the History of the 
 Humber," which appeared in the Hull Advertiser newspaper, in 
 1857 ; and in the first of those papers, the author says, "Amongst 
 the streams whose names are bound up with eras in the history of 
 their fatherland, none are of greater local interest than the noble 
 Humber. Many a time has it borne upon its surface the strange 
 and unwelcome ships of foreign foes ; and often have the souuds of 
 strife and angry war been wafted across its waters. It has been 
 the witness of bloody frays between Dane and Saxon — of deadly 
 feuds amongst English Barons — of peaceful revels and royal pa- 
 geants — and it is liuked with the secret sympathies of homes and 
 hearts hidden far away amid the wolds and woods of its border
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 5 
 
 counties." And again he says, " The Humber, during the lapse of 
 centuries, has been gradually restrained by artificial embankments, 
 and now assumes a distinct fluvial character. Formerly, however, 
 it bore more the appearance of an arm of the sea, and extended 
 twenty miles to the north of its present position, insulating a great 
 portion of Holderness, and, as warp, depositing by degrees much of 
 the best land in that rich district. It also covered the northern 
 parts of Lincolnshire, and thus presented a surface of great extent. 
 Nennius, writing in the eighth century, gives the Humber the 
 name of a sea. He says in relation to one of the Kings of Deira, 
 •Ida, the son of Eoppa, possessed countries on the left hand side of 
 Britain, i. e., of the Humbrian Sen, and reigned twelve years.' ' 
 
 No correct idea of the course of the channel of the Humber in 
 ancient times, can now be formed, on account of the changes which 
 have taken place. Mr. Walton is probably correct in his idea, that 
 Paull, Kelsey Hill, Dimlington, and Keyingham, once formed a 
 cluster of islands far to the south of the Yorkshire coast ; whilst, 
 north and south for miles around, the " Humbrian Sea " extended ; 
 and that in later days, the interstices between these islands were 
 filled up and formed the district now called Holderness. After the 
 Norman Conquest Holderness was represented as an island. 
 
 The ravages of the sea and of the Humber on the shores of the 
 peninsula of Holderness, have been so great in past ages, as to 
 render it impossible, at the present time, to discover the foundations 
 of several towns, which, from ancient records, are known to have 
 existed in that part of Yorkshire. In many large tracts of lands 
 which now adjoin the Humber, and the rivers which fall into it, the 
 different strata of the earth show that great alterations have taken 
 place on the surface of the country ; and that in many places, the 
 earth which is buried several feet deep, has once been the matrix of 
 vegetable productions, and the habitation of animals ; and that the 
 superincumbent earth now under cultivation, has been brought to 
 its present situation by the extraordinary flux of waters, or by other 
 means of which history gives us no information. 
 
 The most ancient place of fixed habitation in the southern part 
 of Holderness appears to have been called variously Ravenser, Ra- 
 vensrode, Ravensjmrne, and Ravemhurgh. This town is now totally
 
 6 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 swallowed up by the Humber, and not the least mark of its existence 
 can be discovered. Ravenspurne is supposed by some to have been 
 the Pratorium of the Romans, but this must ever remain a disputed 
 point. There is no question though, about Ravenspurne having 
 been a borough, port, and market-town, of some consequence, and 
 its situation appears to have been on the bank or margin of the 
 Humber, within the Spurn Head, towards the south-east end of the 
 Trinity Sands. 
 
 Thomas Thompson, Esq., in his Historic Facts relative to Raven- 
 spume (published in 1824), thinks it probable that the Danes, when 
 they landed at the first sea-port which they found in the Humber, 
 would fix on it their national standard, which bore the figure of a 
 raven, and call the place Ravensburgh. Afterwards, in more Chris- 
 tian times, a cross may have been erected there, and the termination 
 burgh, the ancient Saxon name for a city, town, or fortified place, 
 might be changed to rod or rode, a cross ; and thus the name would 
 be Ravensrode. Subsequently the termination Spurne, a place from 
 which to explore, or look out, might be adopted, and hence the name 
 of Ravenspurne. But there is much confusion in the notices of this 
 place in ancient writings, owing to their being more places than one 
 bearing the name of Ravenser ; for it cannot be doubted that there 
 were two distinct towns existing here at the same time, under the 
 names of Old or Aid Ravenser and Ravensrod or Ravenser Odd. 
 The former place is described as being in the parish of Kilnsea, and 
 the latter in that of Easington. The Burgh of Odd was situated, 
 as we have stated, between the sea and the river Humber, and was 
 distant from the main land more than a mile. The access to it 
 from Old Ravenser was by a sand road, covered with round yellow 
 stones, and scarcely elevated above the sea. It was distant from 
 Easington four miles, and between the two places stood the distinct 
 towns of Kilnsea and Sunthorp, with the manor of Aid Ravenser. 
 The history of Ravenser Odd is extremely singular, the short space 
 of 150 years having witnessed its origin, its rise to celebrity as a 
 sea-port, and its final destruction by the encroachments of the sea. 
 Accordiug to the Meaux Chronicle it was originally a small island, 
 formed by an accidental accumulation of sand and stones, in the 
 reign of Henry III., and was at first only used by the fishermen to
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 7 
 
 dry their nets upon. In the reign of Edward I. Ravenser Odd 
 began to assume the appearance of a commercial port, and it appears 
 evident that it had sprung up as an offshot of Aid Ravenser. We 
 must then presume that this is the place mentioned under the several 
 names of Ravensrout, Ravensrod, Ravenserodd, Ravensrode, &c, 
 for under these several names the port appears to have been desig- 
 nated. In 1299 the merchants, or men, of this place obtained a 
 charter of free burgage from the King, by which they were to have 
 two markets every week within the burgh, and a fair every year, of 
 thirty days duration. 
 
 In 1355 the Abbot of Meaux was directed to gather up the bodies 
 of the dead which had been buried in the chapel-yard of Ravenser, 
 and which, by reason of inundations, were then washed up and un- 
 covered, and to bury them in the church-yard of Easington. In 
 1361, in consequence of the continuance of these inundations, were 
 obliged to remove to Hull and other places. About 1390, when 
 the Book of Meaux was written, there was scarcely any trace of 
 the site of Ravenser. 
 
 Aid, or Old Ravenser, was situated on the main land, as stated, 
 in the parish of Kilnsea; and it must have been a place of im- 
 portance in the reign of Edward I., as it was called upon to send 
 members to parliament. Old Ravenser was a place of celebrity 
 before the new port sprung up, and so continued after its destruction. 
 
 The river Humber continually holds in suspension a rich mass of 
 alluvial matter. According to Professor Phillips, the average annual 
 loss of land by the incursions of the sea, between Spurn and Brid- 
 lington, is two and a quarter yards ; but the earth thus removed 
 appears to be mostly carried on the constantly feculent waters of the 
 Humber, and deposited on its shores, where, during the last century, 
 many thousand acres of land have been recovered from the visitation 
 of the tides, which still daily uncover in many parts of the river 
 innumerable tracts of growing silt ; and in this manner has been 
 formed the parish of Sunk Island, which has an area of nearly 7,000 
 acres, extending along the banks of the Humber (a few miles below 
 Hull) a distance of about six and a half miles. It first appeared as 
 a sand bank in the Humber, and soon became a small island, which 
 in course of time has increased in size, until at length it was joined
 
 8 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 to the main land of Holderness, by embankments and the accretion 
 of warp, or sand and soil, deposited by the river. In the time of 
 Charles I. the island contained about seven acres, and was then one 
 and a half miles from the Yorkshire coast, having a navigable canal 
 between it and the main land, through which ships of considerable 
 burthen could pass.* 
 
 The following is the substance of a communication kindly for- 
 warded to us by Mr. James Oldham, of Hull (civil engineer), on 
 the subject of two other islands in the Humber, one of which had 
 existed a little above Brough, on the Yorkshire coast of the river, 
 beyond the memory of men. This island had been formed by the 
 deposits of the mud of the Humber, accumulating no doubt over a 
 considerable period of time, and was oblong in shape, and contained 
 of vegetable surface about 100 acres. It ran parallel with the coast 
 line, and at high water the channel averaged about 500 yards in 
 width. At low water spring tides there was little or no water in 
 the channel, and the farmers of the neighbourhood were in the habit, 
 
 * Sunk Island is a remarkable local instance of the action of powerful elements of 
 change still working. From the Fifteenth Report of the Commissioners of H. M. 
 Woods and Forests we learn that in 1668, this place, then described as containing 
 3,500 acres of " drowned land," was first granted on lease to Colonel Anthony Gilby, 
 Governor of Hull, for a term of 31 years, at a rent of =65. per annum, with a stipula- 
 tion that the lessee should erect certain embankments. The lease was renewed to 
 the Gilby family four times, on payment of large fines. The fourth renewal was 
 made to Mrs. Margaret Gilby, in 1771, for a term expiring in 1802; on payment of 
 a fine of =£1,550., and at a rent of £100. per aim. The estate was afterwards granted 
 to the Pvev. John Lonsdale and others, in trust for the representatives of the original 
 lessees, for a term of 31 years, at a rent of =€701. for the first year of the term ; and 
 at the end of the term of this grant or lease (in 1833) the " island " was surveyed, and 
 valued at =£9,814. per annum — there being then 5,929 acres in cultivation. At that 
 time the under-tenants became separate lessees under the Crown. 
 
 In addition to the 7,000 acres contained in Sunk Island, there are other accretions 
 on its borders, but forming part of the main land, amounting to 3,000 acres more, 
 giving a total of about 10,000 acres, formed since the time of King Charles, but chiefly 
 so during the last eighty years. The last portion of Sunk Island was reclaimed from 
 the Humber, and embanked (for the Crown) in 1850, under the direction of the Mr. 
 Oldham, C.E., mentioned in the text, and amounted to about 700 acres. Mr. Oldham 
 has informed us that between the eastern extremity of Sunk Island and the Spurn, 
 the deposit is going on at a rapid rate, and that it is likely, before any great lapse of 
 time, that a large portion of the now extensive bay on that portion of the Humber 
 will be reclaimed, and rendered available for agricultural purposes.
 
 HISTORY OF KINQSTON-UPON-HULL. 9 
 
 during the summer season, of driving their cattle across it, to graze 
 on the marine grasses. 
 
 In the month of August, 1840, Mr. Oldham was directed by the 
 Commissioners of Woods and Forests to examine and report upon 
 this island, with the view of devising a mode of connecting it with 
 the main land by means of a solid barrier or embankments con- 
 structed across the channel, and thereby to induce the silting up of 
 the whole extent of the water-way. When Mr. Oldham visited the 
 spot, he found that an important change in the currents of the river 
 had shortly before taken place ; that a considerable portion of the 
 eastern extremity of the island had disappeared, and the remainder 
 was rapidly following ; and that there was thirty feet of water in the 
 channel, even at low water. " Thus, from some unaccountable, but 
 perhaps very slight cause (to use the language of our informant), a 
 change had commenced, and in about the space of four months the 
 whole island had disappeared, leaving on its site a comparatively 
 deep channel. As the island disappeared, it was found that an 
 immense shoal was forming at Whitton, on the opposite side of the 
 Humber, which was only fully covered with water at spring tides. 
 This shoal remained for a considerable time, but has gradually 
 again disappeared, and in the present year (1863) the island is 
 re-appearing on the old site." 
 
 The other island mentioned in Mr. Oldham's information, has 
 sprung up within his own time, and is called Reeds Island. It is 
 situated about nine miles above Hull, on the Lincolnshire side of 
 the Humber, and covers an area of between two and three hundred 
 acres. The surface, which is valuable, is the property of the Crown. 
 
 It is interesting to know, that whilst there are extensive accre- 
 tions of new land continually going on, no changes of a sudden 
 character take place in the channels and mud-banks below the 
 town. Such changes are chiefly, and almost exclusively found to 
 occur above the port of Hull. This is an important fact in con- 
 nexion with the place as a sea-port. There is always an efficient 
 navigable channel from the town to the ocean. 
 
 The Humber, between its banks, occupies an area of about 125 
 square miles.
 
 10 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 The river Hull rises in the eastern wolds near Driffield, and 
 pursuing a southern course to the eastward of the town of Beverley 
 (with which it is connected by a canal), it serves to drain the whole 
 country between the wolds and the sea. 
 
 At a very early period, long before the situation of the town of 
 Hull attracted the attention of King Edward I., the river Hull 
 experienced a change in its course as it neared the Humber. For 
 the knowledge of this important fact, and much more that relates 
 to the ancient history of the town and port of Hull, we are indebted 
 to the industry and research of the late Charles Frost, Esq., F.S.A. 
 — a learned member of the legal profession at Hull — who wrote an 
 excellent work entitled " Notices Pielative to the Early History of 
 the Town and Port of Hull " (4to, 1827). Down to the date of the 
 publication of Mr. Frost's " Notices," all the historians of the port 
 of Hull state that this river in former times discharged itself into the 
 Humber to the eastward of the present channel, between Drypool 
 and Marfleet ; but that gentleman found abundance of matter in 
 the registers and histories of the Abbey of Meaux, to show that its 
 ancient course lay to the westward of the present river; and he 
 thinks that the frequent notice of Old Hull which occur, as one of 
 the boundaries of lands without the walls to the westward of the 
 town, would of itself be amply sufficient to establish the fact without 
 the corroborative proof afforded by the Eegisters of Meaux, which 
 are conclusive on the subject. Our author informs us that in them, 
 the ancient river is described as having divided the Wapentakes 
 of Holderness and Harthill ; that New Hull, which had formerly 
 been called Sayer Creek, and had become a great river in conse- 
 quence of the channel of Old Hull having warped up, was afterwards 
 the dividing boundary of the districts of Holderness and Harthill ; 
 and that a part of the village of Wyke or Hull, which had previously 
 been within the limits of Holderness, being then separated by the 
 river, became a member of the Wapentake of Harthill. 
 
 In a charter of King Eichard II., that part of the stream which 
 lies between " Sculcotes Gote "* and the Humber, is stated to have 
 
 * Mr. Frost mentions the existence of a MS. History of Hull, eornpiled by the late 
 William Chambers, Esq., M.D., in which the annals of the town are continued down 
 to the year 1766. Mr. Frost says " Sculcotes Gote ran into tlie river at some little
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 11 
 
 been called Sayer Creek; and the historians tell us that it was 
 originally cut by Sayer de Sutton (lord of Sutton) to drain the 
 marshes within his manor of Sutton. Mr. Frost thinks that this 
 is rendered plausible from the circumstance of similar ditches having 
 been made through the common pasture of My ton and the adjacent 
 towns, by William de Stutteville and Bennet de Sculcoates, during 
 the reign of King John, when one of the Sutton family of the name 
 of Saer was living. It is then very probable that so early as the 
 reign of this monarch, Sayer Creek was cut for drainage purposes ; 
 and though it must perhaps remain undecided whether the diver- 
 sion of the course of the river was the result of accident or design, 
 it is not unreasonable to suppose, from the frequent irruptions of 
 the rivers Hull and Humber, and the incessant and violent inun- 
 dations to which the neighbourhood of the town was subject, that 
 it is to be attributed to the former.* The great floods to which 
 this locality was then so subject, must have frequently given the 
 country the appearance of one vast lake, dotted with innumerable 
 islands. 
 
 " Holderness, which has been described as an island (says Mr. 
 Frost), together with the entire district for many miles round Wyke 
 and Myton, was peculiarly liable to the attacks of sudden floods, 
 and in 1256 an extraordinary influx of the sea, which, according to 
 Stowe and Walsingham, overflowed the whole of the eastern coast 
 of England, extended to the fisheries and woods of Cottingham, 
 belonging to the monks of Melsa, and swept away numbers of people 
 of both sexes, together with many head of cattle ; it also washed 
 into the Humber a considerable quantity of land, which the monks 
 had in Myton, and which was afterwards regained. These inunda- 
 tions were attended with the most serious consequences, and the 
 sufferings they occasioned are described in terms of horror in an 
 official letter, addressed by Archbishop Corbridge to the Prior and 
 
 distance to the north of the Stone Chair;" and then he quotes from Dr. Chambers : — 
 "How the part between Seulcoat's Gote (which runs into the river Hull), and the 
 Chair opposite to the Charter House-lane, hath been added to the County of York, 
 doth not appear now (1766)." 
 
 * The inlet now called Lime-Kiln Creek, is supposed to be the remains of the old 
 river Hull.
 
 19 HISTORY OF KIXGSTOX-UPOX-HULL. 
 
 Convent of Giseburn, in 1301, which states, that in conveying the 
 bodies of deceased persons from the chapel at Kingston to the parish 
 church of Hessle for interment, it often happened that the bodies 
 and attendants were all washed away by the water of the Humber. 
 So dangerous indeed had these floods rendered the travelling between 
 Hull and Anlaby, that the Commissioners, who were charged with 
 the superintendence of the banks, and the protection of the country 
 against inundations, found it necessary, at the commencement of 
 the fourteenth century, to raise the road six feet above its ordinary 
 level ; this great work was effected by taking earth from the lands 
 which lay to the north of the road, and the expenses incurred were 
 directed by the Commissioners to be paid by the inhabitants of 
 • Kyngeston sur Hull, Hesill, Feriby, Swanland, Braythwayte, 
 "Westelveley, Willardby, YTolfreton, and Anlaghby.' " Our histo- 
 rian's authority for the latter fact, was the Town's Kecords ; and he 
 adds (in a foot note) " Myton is not mentioned in this order, whence 
 it may be presumed that it was at that time of little note." 
 
 The irruptions of the Hull too were often attended with destructive 
 consequences ; and on one occasion the monks of Meaux complained 
 of a loss from the inundations of that river and the Humber, of 
 about six acres of arable land in Drypool, which was stated to be 
 worth 2s, 6d. per ann. Various ancient provisions have been made 
 since the beginning of the reign of Edward H., for draining and 
 embanking these parts. In 1356 (30 Edw. ILL) it was reported 
 to the King that the tides of the rivers Hull and Humber flowed 
 four feet higher than usual, so that the road leading to Anlaby, and 
 all the adjacent lands, were overflowed ; his Majesty therefore 
 granted letters patent for cleaning out the old ditch, and enlarging 
 it twelve feet; and for cutting a new ditch, twenty-four feet broad, 
 right through the pasture of Myton, into Hull, by which the waters 
 might pass to and fro ; and also for raising the road considerably 
 higher. In the same year an ordinance was made by the Mayor 
 and Commonalty, that all their lands without the walls, beyond the 
 west postern, reaching from Lyle-street (now Myton-gate) to the river 
 Humber, should be let, free of rent, to such persons as would un- 
 dertake to maintain the banks of the Humber in front of those 
 lands, with a view to the safety and protection of the town and the
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 13 
 
 adjacent country. The tides still continuing to rise higher than 
 formerly, various commissions were issued to obviate this calamity ; 
 and in 1300 the tide rose so high, that the banks between Scul- 
 coates and Hull gave way, and the water breaking in, not only 
 swept away the cattle, but numbers of people were drowned in the 
 general inundation, which flooded the whole country. 
 
 "In the reign of Richard II. (says Mr. Frost) the possibility of 
 the port being annihilated by the influx of the sea, was contemplated 
 in the judgment pronounced against Michael de la Pole, Earl of 
 Suffolk ; and in the time of Henry VI., the river had shifted so far 
 from the town, that the greatest apprehensions were entertained, 
 not only of the entire destruction of the port, but of the consequent 
 desertion and depopulation of the place. With a view to prevent 
 the occurrence of such a calamity, the King granted his license to 
 the Mayor and Commonalty to purchase land to the extent of £100. 
 per annum, for the reparation and protection of the port." 
 
 The town and port were again threatened with destruction from 
 the ravages of the Humber in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, but by 
 subsequent provisions the country was not only secured, but the low 
 lands, which were unwholesome, not so much from their situation 
 as from the effects of stagnant water, were rendered more healthy. 
 
 The fact, then, that this locality was subject to such dreadful 
 inundations, scarcely leaves room for a doubt that the change in the 
 course of the river was the effect of accident, occasioned by a breach 
 of the bank under the influence of some overwhelming torrent ; and 
 Mr. Frost seems inclined to fix the period when this accident oc- 
 curred, at the time of the great flood in 1250. "At all events (he 
 says), it is certain that the change took place anterior to Myton and 
 Wyke becoming the property of Edward I., as sufficient time must 
 have subsequently elapsed for the town to have followed, as it did, 
 the scene of its trade, and to have had its buildings gradually trans- 
 ferred from the banks of the old river to those of the new one, where 
 they chiefly stood when Wyke attracted the notice of King Edward. 
 It is true (he continues) that the channels of both rivers still re- 
 mained open, but Old Hull, as the Book of Meaux relates, had 
 warped up so much in consequence of the gradual increase of the 
 new river, as scarcely to deserve even the name of a sewer."
 
 14 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 In an agreement, made in 1269, between the Lady Joanna 
 Stuteville and the Archbishop of York, mention is made of the 
 former and her predecessors having had long previously enjoyed the 
 privilege of putting down an iron chain across the river Hull at a 
 place called Stanfordrak, from sunset to sunrise, in the time of war 
 and tumult, for the security of the country against foreigners and 
 disturbers of the peace. 
 
 The river Hull is navigable to Frodingham Bridge, several miles 
 above Beverley; and thence to Great Driffield by means of a canal. 
 Another canal extends from this river to Leven, a length of about 
 three miles. 
 
 The word Hull is derived from Hoi, or 01, which is Gaelic for 
 water. In some ancient documents the name is spelt Hul. Hoi is 
 a prenomen in many compound names implying water, thus — 
 Holland, Holbeck, Holg&te, Holbuvu, &c. 
 
 jPistxrriral %nnute. 
 
 From the earliest times on record the mouth of the river Hull 
 was the site of a wyk, or harbour for shipping, and the ancient 
 appellation of the town whose history we are tracing was Wyke or 
 Wyke-upon-Hull. Myton-wyk (Myton harbour) was another name 
 by which the place was known in early ages. According to Ves- 
 tegau,* the Saxon word pic, wic, wyk, wyke, or wich, signified a port, 
 refuge, or retreat, and hence the application of this word as a com- 
 ponent part of the names of several English sea-ports, as Harwich, 
 Ipswich, Woolwich, Greenwich. The word wick is frequently found 
 as a termination in the names of villages in the district of Holder- 
 ness, which is immediately adjacent to Hull, as Atwick, Burstwick, 
 Bewick, Oustwick, Welwick, Withernwick, &c. The same author 
 states that the Saxons, whose language was altogether different from 
 that of the Britons, " left very few cities, towns, villages, passages, 
 rivers, woods, fields, hills, or dales, to which they gave not new 
 
 * Restitution of Decayed Intelligence in Antiquities, p. 329.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 15 
 
 names, such as in their own language were intelligible, and either 
 given by reason of the situation or nature of the place ; or after 
 some place in some sort like unto it in Germany, from whence they 
 came ; and from this, one of our local historians (Mr. Frost) infers, 
 that the name of Wyke from the Saxon pic, indicates the existence 
 of a town here in the Anglo-Saxon times. One of the significations 
 of the word wic given by Vossius, and also by Ducange, upon the 
 authority of Rhedanus, is "fluminis ostium," or the mouth of a 
 river. Dr. Johnson quotes from Gibson the following explanation 
 of the word wic. "Wic, wich, comes from the Saxon ivic, which, 
 according to the different nature and condition of places, hath a 
 three-fold signification ; implying either a village, or a bay made by 
 the winding banks of a river or a castle." 
 
 Although Hull was a considerable port a century after the com- 
 pilation of the Domesday Book, and probably at a much earlier 
 period, it is not mentioned in that ancient record ; being at that 
 time only a parcel of the manor of Myton, which is described as a 
 berewick in the manor of Ferriby, hundred of Hessle.* Kalph de 
 Mortimer was then lord of the manor, and had under him fourteen 
 villains, or small farmers, occupying three carucates, or ploughlands, 
 which amounted to 300 acres. Edina had nearly 1,000 acres in 
 the same manor. There was here also a church, and a minister 
 belonging to it, in the reign of Edward the Confessor. The whole 
 manor, and all the villages therein, were assessed at 100 shillings, 
 but afterwards, on account of the repeated devastations made by the 
 Danes, it was reduced to sixty. The villages and hamlets which 
 then belonged to the manor were Kirk-Ella, in which were only two 
 bovates of land that contained about 30 acres of tillage; Waudby, 
 in which were about 100 acres in tillage ; Kiplingham, in which 
 were about 120 acres in tillage ; Yorkfleet, containing about 100 
 
 * Domesday Book is a register of the possessions of every English freeman, to 
 ascertain what quality of military service was owed hy the King's chief tenants; to 
 affix the homage due to the King, and to record by what tenure the various estates in 
 Britain were held. The survey was finished in the year 1086 ; and the register, or 
 national record of the same, was called Dom Boc, Doomsday, or Domesday Book or 
 judgment, alluding by metaphor to those books out of which the world will be judged 
 at the last day. The original register is deposited in the Chapter House at West- 
 minster, and is in a fine state of preservation.
 
 16 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 acres of tillage ; Wolferton, with about 140 acres in tillage ; and 
 Hassel (Hessle), in which were about 100 acres in tillage. 
 
 The greater part of these lands then lay waste, the country being 
 not at that time recovered from the devastations of the Danes.* In 
 Hessle, four villains occupied one carucate more. In Sculcoates, or 
 Cowscoates, the Archbishop of York had about 100 acres ; and in 
 Drypool nearly twenty more, with an arable close, which then lay 
 waste. In the manors of Sculcoates and Drypool, Ote and Kaven- 
 hill possessed three bovates of land, which amounted to about 130 
 acres. Ralph de Mortimer, who was ancestor of the famous Earls 
 of March, was lord of all the surrounding villages, and many other 
 towns and domains in Yorkshire, as well as in several other counties 
 in England. Soon after the Domesday period all the neighbouring 
 towns and hamlets were in a flourishing condition. 
 
 Among the documents relating to Wyke, the earliest notice met 
 with is a grant (without date) of lands " del Wyke de Mitune," made 
 to the monks of Meaux, probably about the year 1160, by Maud or 
 Matilda, the daughter or Hugh Camin. 
 
 William le Gros, the Norman lord of Holderness, and Earl of 
 Albemarle, having vowed to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Sepulchre 
 at Jerusalem, and being, in consequence of increasing corpulency, 
 unable to perform such a journey, was advised by a monk of Foun- 
 tains Abbey, named Adam, to build and endow (by way of commu- 
 tation of the pilgrimage) a monastery for Cistercian monks at a place 
 in Holderness which was named Melsa, or Meaux, by its Norman 
 possessors, after the city of that name in Normandy, from whence 
 they came. The site of the building was selected by the monk, 
 Adam, who was celebrated for his piety and architectural skill. 
 
 * To revenge the massacre of the Danes, hy order of King Ethelred, on St. Briee's 
 day, in the year 1012, Sweyne, King of Denmark undertook the conquest of England. 
 In 1013 he entered the Humber with a large fleet, and having destroyed the country 
 on both sides of the river, he proceeded to York, where he gave Ethelred battle and 
 defeated him. Sweyne died at Gainsborough, King of England, in 1014. When the 
 Saxon nobles invited the King of Denmark to aid them in an attempt to expel the 
 Norman Conqueror, the Danish monarch sent a fleet of 250 ships well laden with 
 troops, commanded by his brother Osbern. This fleet entered the Humber in 1069, 
 and on their passage to York the Danes destroyed everything valuable on the banks 
 of the river. Myton, Sculcoates, Drypool, and Ferriby are mentioned as having 
 suffered lamentable destruction.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 17 
 
 Under his direction the monastery — a magnificent edifice adorned 
 with stately pinnacles and towers — was erected about the year 1150 ; 
 and wheu finished, monks were brought hither from the Abbey of 
 Fountains; and Adam, the architect of the building became the 
 first Abbot of the new community. The Abbey rose rapidly into 
 importance under the fostering protection of its noble founder, and 
 the monks were also indebted to many of the neighbouring barons 
 and gentry for extensive grants of lands, particularly in Yorkshire. 
 Of these grants, together with the privileges, &c, the histories and 
 registers of the Abbey contain full records, the most perfect of which 
 are to be found in an original chartulary, beautifully written, upon 
 vellum, about the close of the fourteenth century, and now preserved 
 in the British Museum. This chartulary was one of the volumes 
 in the library of Sir Thomas Cotton, and did not entirely escape the 
 effects of the fire which threatened the total destruction of that 
 invaluable collection. There is another valuable history of the 
 monastery still extant, entitled "Liber Melse." 
 
 Matilda de Camin's grant of lands, &c, to the monks of Meaux 
 is preserved amongst the ancient muniments of the Corporation of 
 Hull. In this curious instrument, the grantor bids " all the sons 
 of Holy Mother Church" know that she has "demised and sold to 
 the monks of Melsa, the entire two parts of the land of my patrimony 
 of Wye of Mitune, and also the entire two parts of my property of 
 seven stangs and four oxgangs of land, in the territory of the afore- 
 said vill of Mitune," and " pasture for 800 sheep." Also, she con- 
 tinues, " I have sold to the said monks the toft in which the hall 
 was situate," and "the bed of one fishery in the Humber, and two 
 parts of the salt-pits of my fee in the same vill, and two parts of 
 Cotecroft, and two parts of Laucroft," &c. The sum for which the 
 monks purchased this property was "fourscore and eleven marks of 
 silver." 
 
 From Matilda's grant or charter we learn that there was a town 
 as well as a manor of My ton ; and of the former, Mr. Frost observes, 
 that " it is remarkable that neither any written document, nor the 
 busy agency of tradition, has even marked the spot where it stood, 
 or left any ground for conjecture, under what circumstances, or at 
 what period it ceased to exist. All that we can now learn respecting 
 
 D
 
 18 HISTORY OF KINGST0N-UP0N-HULL. 
 
 it is, (he adds) that in very early times it had a Chapel, which was 
 destroyed by the monks of Melsa, who made atonement in the 6th 
 year of King John (1204) for this and other transgressions, by 
 paying 100s. as a compromise, to Eichard Ducket, then parson of 
 the Church of Hessle." 
 
 Other lands in Wyke and its neighbourhood appear to have been 
 conveyed to the Abbey of Meaux, in 1174. The circumstance is 
 thus recorded in an old document. " In the time of Philip the 
 Abbot, the son of John of Meaux gave to the abbey, four oxgangs of 
 land in Myton, pasture for 400 sheep, the seat of one fishery in 
 Humber, two parts of the salt pits there, a toft and a hall, two parts 
 of his lands in Wyke, and all their appurtenances. William of 
 Sutton, and Benedict of Sculcoates, gave them the other part of 
 Wyke, within the water-furrows, to the bounds of Old Hull and 
 Humber." * * " The Grange-house before mentioned, ought to 
 be reckoned within Wyke aforesaid ; but nothing of it now remains. 
 The place whereon it stood, which was converted into a feeding 
 pasture, is at present known by the name of G range- Wyk, and made 
 a new manor in Myton, called Tripcootes, or Tupcootes." 
 
 Thus, we find the Abbey of Meaux in possession of the ground 
 upon which is now seated the important town of Kingston-upon- 
 Hull. 
 
 As Mr. Frost remarks, the necessity of providing an additional 
 place of public worship within the parish of Hessle for the use of 
 the inhabitants of Myton and Wyke affords strong evidence that 
 the population of these towns was at that period not only consider- 
 able, but increasing ; and the existence of Wyke as a separate town 
 from Myton, might be inferred from the title " Myton et Wyke " 
 occurring in the Meaux Chartulary ; and from the names of Myton 
 and Wyke being found separately in the index of places where the 
 monks of Melsa had property. But the fact is clearly established, 
 on the authority of the Book of Meaux Abbey, which records that 
 in the year 1270, Richard, the tenth Abbot, gave half an acre of 
 land in Wyke-upon-Hull to the canons of Watton, in exchange 
 for two tofts in Crauncewyk, and three tofts in North Dalton.* 
 
 * Lib. Melse, fol. 192.
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UPON-HULL. 19 
 
 And again, about the end of the reign of Henry III., or at the be- 
 ginning of that of his successor, before surnames had come into 
 common use, and when people chiefly derived their appellations 
 from the towns which they inhabited, William de Wyke, the son of 
 Simon de Wyke, granted to Walter Gifford, Archbishop of York, all 
 his lands in Wyke, upon the river Hull, lying between the lands of 
 Stephen, son of Robert de Wyke, and the lands which William de 
 Wyke held of the Abbot of Meaux.* 
 
 All the earlier historians of Hull have ascribed the town of Hull 
 to the victorious and renowned monarch, Edward I., in the year 
 1290 ; but this opinion has been discovered to be erroneous, for 
 Hull was a place of consequence and note more than a century prior 
 to that period, as Mr. Charles Frost, in his "Notices" abundantly 
 proves. In the preface to his interesting book, Mr. Frost informs 
 us that for some years he had the sole management of the defence 
 of a suit, instituted for the recovery of tithe throughout the town- 
 ship of Meaux, a few miles from Hull, which, as has been seen, 
 had formerly belonged to a body of monks, whose extensive posses- 
 sions included the entire soil upon which the town of Hull now 
 stands ; and that the facts which came under his notice in the 
 course of the investigation necessarily attendant on that defence, 
 confirmed the inference previously drawn by Macpherson, from the 
 authorities which he has given, that Hull, as a place of importance, 
 was of greater antiquity than that assigned to it by historians.! 
 
 Mr. Frost shews in the clearest manner that the early history of 
 Hull has been peculiarly neglected and misrepresented, even by the 
 time-honoured antiquarians, Leland and Camden. The former, 
 who commenced the collection of materials for his Itinerary in 1538, 
 and completed it in 1545, visited this town in the former year, and 
 he has done little more regarding Hull (says Mr. Frost), than 
 hand down to us the loose and unauthenticated traditions which he 
 collected during his visit. The place (he writes) " was in the tyme 
 
 * According to Camden, surnames began to be taken up in England about the 
 period of the Norman Conquest, but were not fully settled among the common people 
 until about the time of Edward II. (Remains, p. 109.) 
 
 + Theatre of Great Britain, p. 81, edit. 1076. Annals of Commerce, vol. L, pp. 358, 
 372, and 462, in notes.
 
 20 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 of Edward the 3. but a meane fischar toune, aud longid as a rnetnbre 
 to Hasille Village, a 2. or 3. mile of upper on Humber. The first 
 great eucreasing of the toune was by passing for fisch into Iseland, 
 from whens they had the hole trade of stoke fisch into England, and 
 partly other fisch. In Richard the 2. dayes the toune waxid very 
 rich, and Michael de la Pole, merchaunt of Hulle, and prentyce, as 
 some say, to one Rotenhering, of the same toune, cam into so high 
 favor for wit, actyvite, and riches, that he was made Counte of 
 Southfolk, wherapon he got of King Richard the 2. many grauntes 
 and privileges to the toune ; and yn his tyme the toune was wonder- 
 fully augmentid yn building, and was enclosid with diches, and the 
 waul begon, aud yn continuance endid, and made al of brike, as 
 most part of the houses of the toune at that tyme was."* And 
 again he says, " The toune of Kingeston had first by graunt cus- 
 todem, then bailives, then maire and bailives, and yn King Henry 
 the G. tyme a maire, a shirive, and the toune to be shire ground by 
 it self. One told me, that their first great corporation was grauntid 
 to Kingeston a 180 yere syns."f 
 
 Camden (who finished his Britannia in 1607), trusting to the 
 authority of Leland, is equally incorrect in the account which he 
 gives of the origin of this place. " It is (he says) a town of no 
 great antiquity. Edward I., who for his princely virtues deserves a 
 place among our first and best kings, observing the advantageous 
 situation of the place, which was before called Wik, purchased it by 
 exchange of the Abbot of Meaux, and instead of the vaccaria and 
 bercharia, by which I understand pens for cattle and sheep, which 
 he found there, built a town, which he called Kingstone, or the 
 King's Town, establishing there, as the record sets forth, a port and 
 free borough, making the inhabitants free burgesses, and granting 
 them various privileges."! This venerable writer then follows the 
 popular tradition, that the town rose to a state of affluence in the 
 reign of Richard II., partly in consequence of the privileges granted 
 to it through the intercession of Michael de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk, 
 and partly through its trade in stockfish. 
 
 * Itinerary ed. T. Hearne, fol. 53. + Ibid, fol. 56. 
 
 I Camden's Britannia ( Gough's edit., 1S0C), vol. iii., p. 247.
 
 HIST0EY OP KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 21 
 
 Speed's account of its origin is as follows : — " Places for trade 
 and venting forth their commodities are many, yet none of such 
 convenience as Kingston-upon-Hull, which, notwithstanding, cannot 
 fetch her beginning from any great antiquity (being before time 
 called Wyke). King Edward I. built this town, making a haven, 
 and granting many privileges to the burgesses, so that it is risen to 
 great state, both for stately buildings and strong block-houses, for 
 ships well furnished, and for store of merchants, and is now become 
 the most famous town of that country, whoso greatest riches is 
 ascribed to the gainful trade they have by Iceland fish, dried and 
 hardened, commonly called stockfish."* 
 
 The Rev. Abraham de la Pryme, Divinity-reader and curate of 
 the Church of the Holy Trinity, for three years, ending in 1701, 
 compiled the first detached History of Hull, " from the records, 
 charters, deeds, mayor's letters, &c, of the said town."f This work, 
 which exists yet in manuscript only, and a copy of which is to be 
 found in the Warburton Collection, among the Landsdown MSS., in 
 the British Museum, formed the basis and groundwork of all sub- 
 sequent accounts and histories of the town, down to Mr. Frost's 
 time. Gent, Hadley, and Tickell, relying upon the accredited 
 source from which De la Pryme drew his information, without fur- 
 ther enquiry, followed his authority in their histories of Hull, and 
 thus fell into the common error, that the town was founded by 
 Edward I., in 1296 ; and that Wyke, which, with reference to that 
 period, is incorrectly represented by them, as having been situated 
 not where Kingston-upon-Hull now stands, but a quarter of a mile 
 to the west of it, then consisted of little more than cribs and folds, 
 with perhaps some places of shelter to defend the shepherds from 
 the extremities of the seasons. 
 
 Mr. Frost, who, as before intimated, possessed peculiar facilities 
 
 * Theatre of Great Britain (ed. 1676). p. 81. 
 
 + We leam from Hadley's History of Hull that in the year 1700, the Eev. A. De la 
 Pryme obtained the sanction of the Corporation to view the ancient charters and 
 other records belonging to them, " in order to compose a catalogue thereof, and revive 
 the ancient rights and privileges of the town;" that the Town Clerk was requested to 
 assist him; and that in 1703, he (Mr. De la Pryme) had eight guineas given to him 
 " as a gratuity for inspecting the town's records, and making an index thereof." De 
 la Pryme died minister of Thome on the 13th of June, 1704.
 
 22 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 of prosecuting a very minute enquiry into the origin of the place, feels 
 it a sort of heresy to question the high authorities already quoted. 
 But he is of opinion that " the source whence the error has arisen is 
 clearly to be traced to the language of adulation or gratitude, which 
 our ancestors adopted in expressing their obligations to King Ed- 
 ward I., under whom, by his recent acquisition of the absolute 
 property of the town, their place of habitation was elevated to the 
 rank of a Royal Borough, and from whom they had themselves re- 
 ceived, by charter, many valuable privileges." He tells us, that in 
 a petition which the burgesses presented to that King in the year 
 1300, shortly after the imposition of the new title of Kingston, 
 they acknowledged him, in direct terms, as the founder of their town ; 
 and that through such means a belief became prevalent that the 
 town had been actually built by the monarch to whom it owed so 
 many favours. The King himself, in a writ of ad quod damnum, 
 issued in consequence of that petition, seems to have accommodated 
 himself to their language, by styling the place his own new town ; 
 and in 1371 (44 Edw. III.) in the pleadings in a suit between the 
 Archbishop of York and the burgesses of Hull, one of the parties 
 alleged, and the other did not deny, that his late Majesty Edward 
 I., " Villam scdificavit," on the site of Wyke, " et ibidem quondam 
 portum fecit," where he had customs taken to his use.* 
 
 "These apparently strong authorities (continues Mr. Frost) are 
 sufficient to account for, as well as to excuse, the error committed 
 by Leland, and adopted by Camden, in describing the origin of the 
 town ; and it is not surprising that, sanctioned and supported by 
 such names, it obtained a credit which succeeding writers did not 
 venture to impeach." 
 
 In alluding to the ancient name of the port, Mr. Frost writes : — < 
 " Besides the name of Wyke, the town was contemporaneously called 
 Hull, as it is at the present day, from the port or river upon which 
 its commerce was conducted ; and, from the early use of the latter 
 appellation, it may fairly be inferred that considerable mercantile 
 traffic was there carried on, at a period long antecedent to the date 
 of any historic evidence now extant on this subject. The proofs 
 
 * Hargraves' Law Tracts, p. 09, quoted by Frost.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 23 
 
 tbat the name of Hull was applied to the town, in common with the 
 port, are of the same kind with those which have been adduced with 
 respect to the existence of the town, under the name of Wyke. The 
 Book of Meaux furnishes some early instances where Hull is men- 
 tioned as a place of residence: — in the year 1100, a croft in Sutton 
 is described as haw'mgformerly belonged to Herneius (Qu. Henricus?) 
 de Hull ;* and soon after the commencement of the reign of Henry 
 III., " Henricus de Hull, filius Rogeri de Hull," and " Agnes, filia 
 Tburstani de Hull," appear in the list of benefactors to the Abbey .f 
 In addition to these instances, the Great Roll of the Pipe of 48th 
 Henry III. speaks of Stephen de Hull, and Thomas de Hull. J But 
 Hull is likewise mentioned as a town in 1217, in a demise from 
 Saer de Sutton to the Abbot and Canons of Thornton, in Lincoln- 
 shire, of common pasture in the territory and marshes of Sutton, 
 Hull, Sudcoates, and Dripol, with free ingress and egress between 
 Hull and Wilflet.§ The Register of "Walter Giffard also speaks of 
 lands held by Walter de Grey in Sculcoates, Dripole, and Hull,\\ 
 while the Lady Joanna de Stotevill's Men of Hull are mentioned 
 in an agreement made between her and Archbishop Giffard in 1209.^" 
 The actual line which separated the two parishes of Hessle and 
 Ferriby, has not been clearly defined ; all that can be positively 
 asserted on the subject is, that Trinity Chapel was within the limits 
 of the former, and the Chapel of our Lady in the latter. The 
 Domesday Survey describes Hessle parish as being half a mile in 
 breadth, and that being about the distance from the Humber to the 
 junction of Aldgate with the old river, leads to the supposition that 
 Aldgate, or, as it was called by the Saxons, Ealdgate, formed the 
 boundary between the two parishes. Aldgate extended in an in- 
 terrupted line from east to west, commencing on the bank of the 
 ditch, called Sayer Creek (now the old harbour or river Hull), and 
 extending across the old river Hull to the junction of the Beverley 
 and Anlaby roads. The antiquity of this street increases the pro- 
 bability that it formed the original boundary between these parishes ; 
 
 * Lib. Melse, fol. 24. + Ibid, fol. 107, and Cott. MSS. Vitell. C. 6. fol. 6 (b). 
 
 + Mag. Eot. 48 Henry III., Tit. Ebor. 
 
 § Chart Melse. fol. 173. || In Eegistro Walt. Giffard's inter Archiv. Ebor. 
 
 U Landsdowne MSS., No. 402. fol. 122 (b).
 
 24 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 its Saxon appellation, Ealdgate, intimating that it was not only in 
 existence, but was considered an ancient street in their time, and 
 probably formed a junction with the great north road of the Romans. 
 It was subsequently divided into three parts, viz., the one now called 
 Scale-lane, which extends from the banks of the Hull to the Market- 
 place ; the other, called Silver-street, from thence to Trinity House- 
 lane ; and the third, Whitefriar-gate, which occupies the remainder 
 of the line. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Oliver, writing in the Gentleman's Magazine, Feb- 
 ruary, 1836, says, " It appears that the town (villa) of Myton was 
 situated to the westward of the river, at a very short distance from 
 the bank, and the hamlet of Wyk was built on the shores of the 
 Humber, occupying both sides of the mouth of Hull ; although the 
 principal part lay towards the east. And thus Wyk was in two 
 separate wapentakes, according to the Saxon arrangement, which 
 were divided by this small river ; one part being in Hassel hundred, 
 and the other in Holderness. It follows then that the vill of Myton 
 and the hamlet of Wyk were contiguous, and ultimately blended 
 with each other, and together constituted the one town of Hull, 
 lying within the parochial jurisdiction of Hessle in all matters 
 ecclesiastical and civil. And it is of importance to remark, that, 
 for the Wyk, or harbour, the name of the river itself was, in these 
 early times, frequently substituted. In the Chartulary of Melsa the 
 town is distinguished by the name of Hull at the very beginning of 
 the reign of Henry II., and in the time of his successor ; and there 
 is an abundance of records to prove that it was occasionally so 
 denominated in every reign, down to the period when it had the 
 proud honour of a royal designation conferred upon it by the mu- 
 nificence of King Edward I., although it was more frequently known 
 by the name of Myton- Wyk. In those days, when the immediate 
 effects of the Norman Conquest had passed away (continues the 
 same writer, in his Inquiry), Myton-Wyk assumed the appearance 
 of a substantial town, and was under the government of the Abbat 
 of Melsa, whose bailiffs held courts, markets, and fairs, within its 
 precincts; and the fruits of his judicious superintendence were a 
 gradually increasing prosperity. Its traffic was considerable, and 
 it stood high in rank amongst the most eminent ports in the king-
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON I PON HI LL. 25 
 
 dom. One great reason which induces me to think that the popu- 
 lation of Myton-Wyk was of some magnitude in these early times, 
 arises from the value of its annual rental. The vill of Myton, in- 
 cluding the wyk, contains something short of 180 acres; and the 
 average rent of land was twenty shillings per hide, or twopence an 
 acre; which would produce, exclusive of any other property that 
 might be placed upon it, only thirty shillings a year. But the 
 Abbat of Melsa had an annual rental in Myton-Wyk, amounting to 
 £78. 14s. Gd. ; and at Myton his rents were £24. 8s., after deduct- 
 ing reprises. Hence there was in both these places some species of 
 property of greater value than the land ; and this, in such a situa- 
 tion, could only be houses, shops, wharfs, and conveniences for. 
 traffic." 
 
 In 1278 (6 Edw. I.) the Abbot of Meaux petitioned that he and 
 his successors might have a market on Thursday in each week, "at 
 WyJce, near Mitton-upon-the-Hidle, and a fair there in each year on 
 the vigil, the day, and the morrow of the Holy Trinity, and on the 
 twelve following days. Soon after this petition was presented, a 
 writ of ad quod damnum was issued, and an inquisition being taken 
 at York, before Thomas Normanville, the King's steward, it was 
 found by the jury that the Abbot and his successors might have a 
 market and fair at " Le Wyke," without injury to the King, or the 
 neighbouring markets or fairs. * 
 
 The importance of Wyke or Hull, both as a town and a place of 
 trade, is testified by the grant of this market and fair ; as well as 
 by the circumstance of a royal mandate having been addressed, 
 about this period, to the Bailiffs of Hull, in common with the bailiffs 
 
 * In the year 1200 King John, accompanied by his Queen, en suite, was entertained 
 with great magnificence by William de Stuteville, at his Manor House, Cottinghain. 
 The royal party were then making a progress into the north ; after visiting Lincoln 
 they crossed the Humber from Grimsby, and proceeded to Cottingham ; and in return 
 for his reception, the monarch granted D e Stuteville many important privileges, 
 among which were charters for a market and fair at Cottingham, and permission to 
 embattle and fortify his residence. The King also constituted him High Sheriff of 
 Yorkshire, an office which he had previously held only by substitution. There is no 
 record of the reception which the King and hip train met with at Hull. 
 
 An old English Gazetteer states that a member of the above-mentioned family 
 named Joan, or Johanna de Stuteville, had an impression on her seal of " a woman 
 riding sideways, with the bridle in her right hand, she being the first, 'tis said, that 
 began that custom now in use with her sex." 
 
 E
 
 26 HIST0KY OF KINGST0N-UP0N-HTJLL. 
 
 of other sea-ports, directing them to examine all merchants leaving 
 the kingdom, in order to discover plates of silver, clipped and broken 
 coin, &c, in their possession. The bailiffs of this place were, doubt- 
 less, those appointed by the Abbot of Meaux ; that dignitary having 
 assumed the entire dominion of the town. Indeed, the Abbot's 
 bailiffs were soon after officially recognised as such, in a writ ad- 
 dressed in 1290 (18 Edw. I.), to the Abbot of Melsa's Bailiffs of 
 Hull, requiring them to assist Toricius, the Fleming of York, to 
 take " rectas prisas " of wines coming to the Town of Hull, and to 
 gauge the wines there, in the same manner as was then done in 
 other parts of the kingdom. 
 
 We have shewn that to the taste and industry of Mr. Frost we 
 are indebted for the knowledge that when Wyke or Hull, together 
 with the manor of My ton, became the property of King Edward I., 
 it was not as the early writers have it — an obscure corner, hitherto 
 neglected, and consisting of a few huts for shepherds and cowherds, 
 but a place of importance, the property of the monks of Meaux 
 therein being, as we have seen, considerable ; and it must be recol- 
 lected that the monks were not the sole proprietors of the place, as 
 the Canons of Watton Abbey, the Archbishop of York, the family 
 of Sutton, and others, had property there. 
 
 The histories of the Abbey of Meaux record the anxiety of the 
 King (who had contemplated the advantage of the situation of the 
 place for a fortified town, and a great commercial port) to obtain the 
 possession of this property, and they relate the particulars of the 
 exchange of it for lands in Lincolnshire. By a deed of feoffment, 
 executed by the Abbey and Convent, in the beginning of the year 
 1298, Edward acquired the absolute ownership of Wyke, and he 
 immediately dignified it with the appellation of Kingston, or King's 
 Town, adding the terms upon Hull, to distinguish it from Kingston- 
 upon-Thames ; and having constituted it a manor independent of 
 Myton, he built there a Manor Hall, or royal residence, and issued 
 a proclamation, offering great freedoms, privileges, and immunities, 
 to all those who should fix their habitations there. He placed the 
 town under the government of a Warden (custos) and Bailiffs ; and 
 appointed Peter de Campania to value and let it. This new valua-
 
 IITSTORY OF KTNGST0N-TJTON-IIULL. 7 
 
 tion amounted to £78. 17s. 8d. per ann., which corresponds within 
 a few shillings with the sum stated to have been received for the 
 rent of the same property by the Abbot of Meaux. The first person 
 appointed to fill the high office of Warden was Richard Oysel, the 
 King's bailiff of the Seigniory of Holderness, and keeper of the Royal 
 Manor of Rurstvvick. 
 
 The first charter granted to the town is dated 1st of April, 1299 
 (27 Edw. I.), and was obtained by the inhabitants upon their petition 
 being presented to the King in person, while he was keeping his 
 Christmas at Baynard Castle, the seat of Lord Wake, at Cottingham, 
 near Hull, on his return from the north. The following is a trans- 
 lation of it : — 
 
 " Edward, by the grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of 
 Aquitaine, to all Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Justices, 
 Sheriffs, and Provosts, greeting, — 
 
 " Know ye, that to the melioration, betterness, and increase of our town of Kingston- 
 upon-Hull, and to the further utility and profit of our men of the same, we will and 
 grant, for us and our heirs, that our town aforesaid from henceforth be a free borough, 
 and the men of the town be free burgesses, and have all the liberties, privileges, and 
 free customs belonging to a free borough, for ever; so that the said borough be kept 
 by some faithful man, by us and our heirs successively to be chosen, who shall be 
 called the Warden of the said borough, and shall take, before the burgesses of the 
 same, a corporal oath upon the Holy Gospels of God that he will most faithfully keep 
 all the liberties, privileges, and immunities, by us to the said borough and burgesses 
 granted, without blame, and will diligently and faithfully perform, and do all those 
 things which to the office of a Warden of the said borough do belong. 
 
 " We grant also for us and our heirs, to the said burgesses and their heirs and 
 successors for ever, that the lands and tenements which from henceforth they shall 
 have in the said borough, they may, in their last wills and testaments, dispose of to 
 whomsoever they please. 
 
 " That they shall have the return of all writs whatsoever happening in the said 
 borough, and that no Sheriff, or other our Bailiff or Minister, may enter into the said 
 borough there to execute any writ, brief, or office, iipon any of the inhabitants of the 
 said free borough, but in defect of the Warden; and that they shall not implead or 
 be impleaded in any other place than the said borough, before the Warden of the 
 same, of any tenures, trespasses, transgressions, or contracts, within the said borough 
 made. 
 
 " And also that they the said burgesses and their heirs (by our writs out of Chan- 
 cery) may and shall choose a Coroner out of themselves, and him shall present to the 
 Warden, before whom he shall take his corporal oath that he will faithfully do and 
 perform those things, to the office of a Coroner in the said borough do belong. 
 
 " And moreover we will and graut, for us and our heirs, that a prison be had and 
 made in our said borough, for the safe keeping and chastisement of malefactors, either 
 therein or thereunto taken, upon whom the Warden may give judgment. 
 
 " We moreover will and grant, for us and our heirs, that the said burgesses and 
 their heirs, throughout the whole kingdom of our dominions, be for ever quit aud free
 
 28 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 of all portage, passage, pennage, murage, and all other tolls and customs whatsoever ; 
 ami that they, the burgesses of the said borough, shall for ever peaceably enjoy all 
 the liberties, customs, and freedoms, without scot and lot, so often as the said town 
 shall happen to be taxed. 
 
 " We also grant, for us and our heirs, to the aforesaid burgesses, that they and their 
 heirs for ever shall have two markets in a week, within the town aforesaid, to be kept 
 in the places by us to be named and appointed, the one to be held upon every Tuesday, 
 and the other upon every Friday ; with one fair every year, to continue thirty days, 
 to wit, from the day of St. Austin, after Easter, by twenty-nine days nest following, 
 unless that those markets and this fair happen to be to the prejudice of any of the 
 neighbouring markets or fairs. 
 
 " And do further add, will, and command, for us and our heirs, that our town afore- 
 said, from henceforth for ever, be a free borough, and the men of the same, free bur- 
 gesses ; and have all the liberties, privileges, and free customs belonging to a free 
 borough for ever." 
 
 This charter was signed by the Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, 
 the Earl of Lincoln, and other nobles. And thus did Hull become 
 a free borough. In the same year that the charter was granted, 
 the harbour was finished, or rendered more perfect for the reception 
 of ships. 
 
 " For the purchase of the extensive liberties and privileges granted 
 by this charter (writes Mr. Frost), the inhabitants of Kingston-upon- 
 IIull offered only 100 marks, while the burgesses of Eavenser paid 
 no less than £300. for a similar grant in their favour (in the same 
 year) ; but this disparity affords no criterion for determining the 
 relative importance of the two places. Ravenser had risen suddenly 
 to the enjoyment of considerable commercial prosperity, and had 
 become a formidable rival to the King's ports of Grimsby, Hedou, 
 and Scarborough. Its merchants, neglecting no means of increasing 
 their traffic, were ready to purchase their liberties at a price equi- 
 valent to the privileges to be conferred ; while Hull, on the other 
 hand, would naturally avail itself of the peculiar claim which it had 
 on roval favour, in the circumstance of having so recentlv become 
 the property of the King. To the relative situation, therefore, of 
 the two places in this respect, may be attributed the regulation of 
 the amount of the fines in the proportion mentioned. As a further 
 proof that the disparity in the amount of these fines depended more 
 upon such circumstances as we have alluded to, than on the ability 
 of the parties to discharge them, it may be observed that the people 
 of Hull paid a moiety of their fine immediately, and the remaining
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULTj. 29 
 
 pavt in the following year, while the burgesses of Ravenscr in the 
 first year" paid only £36. out of £300., leaving the remainder in 
 charge in the Sheriff's account, until the 31st of Edward I." 
 
 From this period the increase and prosperity of the place have 
 been remarkable, and it was soon regarded as one of the principal 
 towns in the kingdom ; so much so, that when an extensive coinage 
 was appointed, Hull was fixed upon as one of the places where mints 
 were to be established.- By degrees all the flourishing towns of 
 these parts, such as Barton, Hedon, Patrington, Grimsby, and Pia- 
 vcnspuin, were drained of their chief inhabitants and trade — Hull 
 monopolising all to itself — so that as it continually increased, those 
 towns proportionately decreased ; and at present little, if any, com- 
 mercial business is transacted in any of them, except in Grimsby, 
 which, from its favourable position on the Humber, has of late years 
 risen rapidly in the scale of importance. 
 
 Edward I., in the course of a progress to the north, visited Hull 
 in the year 1300. He crossed the Humber, from Barton to Hessle, 
 on the 20th of May, and the passage of the royal party across the 
 ferry appears to have occupied two days; the sum of 13s. having 
 been paid for the wages of Galfrid de Seleby and other sailors, with 
 eleven barges and boats employed during that time. The high 
 road northward (via regia) lay at that time in a direct line from 
 Hessle to Beverley ; but the King took a circuitous route thither, 
 solely for the purpose of viewing the state of the newly-created 
 borough of Hull. His stay here was of short duration, but the 
 effects of his visit were soon visible in the various improvements by 
 which it was succeeded, and particularly in the pavement of the 
 streets ; for defraying the expense of which a grant was made soon 
 after the King's departure, of certain tolls, to be levied on all goods 
 coming to the town for sale. 
 
 Here a few particulars of King Edward I., the reputed founder of 
 Hull, may not be unacceptable to some. This monarch was warlike 
 
 * The Royal Mint at Kingston-upon-Hull bad four furnaces, and the coins of Ed- 
 ward struck here have on them the legend Vill de Kyngeslon. Mr. Thomas Mapple- 
 heck, of Low-gate, Hull, has a silver penny coined here in King Edward's time. In 
 Frost's " Notices " is an engraving of a silver penny coined at Hull ; and there is an 
 engraving of a Hull penny given in the Supplement to Euding's Annals.
 
 30 HISTORY OF KiNGSTON-TJPON-HULL. 
 
 and politic, and has been deservedly called " the hammer of Scot- 
 land. " He passed several times through Yorkshire whilst prose- 
 cuting his wars against the Scots; and he held some parliaments 
 in the city of York. In 1296, the Scots having made an inroad 
 into England, this valiant monarch marched against them with a 
 well appointed army, and joining in battle, he slew 28,000 of the 
 enemy in the field, and put the rest to flight. Berwick, Dunbar, 
 and Edinburgh, and other places, opened their gates to the con- 
 queror; John Baliol, the Scottish King, was forced to resign his 
 kingdom by a charter dated 10th of July (1296), at Brechin; and 
 the Scottish sceptre, coronation stone, &c, were sent to London.* 
 Edward himself, attended by several of his noble warriors, followed 
 after, and returning through Yorkshire, he paid a visit of a few 
 days to Lord Wake, at Cottingham. It was whilst hunting one 
 day during this visit, that the King is said to have been so struck 
 with the general aspect of the small town of Wyke or Hull, on the 
 banks of the Humber, that he soon afterwards became possessed of 
 it. In 1299 — the year in which Edward granted a charter to the 
 new borough of Kingston-upon-Hull — he assembled a parliament at 
 York ; and in 1304, he completed the reduction of Scotland, though 
 not its subjugation. 
 
 Having conquered and united the principality of Wales to the 
 crown of England, and having constrained the Scots to swear fealty 
 
 * This famous stone, on which the inauguration of the Scottish Kings was per- 
 formed, was removed from the monastery of Scone, in Perthshire, and is now inserted 
 in the seat of the Coronation chair of the Sovereigns of England. It is a flat stone, 
 nearly square, and is said to he the identical stone which formed Jacob's pillow, when 
 he had those celestial and mystical visions mentioned in holy writ. Tradition says 
 it was brought out of Palestine into Ireland, and was there used as the inauguration 
 stone of the Kings of that country ; that it was brought from Ireland by Fergus, the 
 son of Eric, who led the I>abriads to the shores of Argyleshire ; and was deposited in 
 the city of Scone. An old antiquarian has described this stone, " the ancientest 
 respected monument in the world; for, although some others may be more ancient 
 as to duration, yet thus superstitiously regarded they are not." The antiquity of this 
 " Stone of Destiny " is undoubted, however it may be questioned whether it be the 
 same stone on which the ancient Kings of Ireland were crowned on the hill of Tara. 
 The history of its being used for the coronation of the Scottish Kings, and of its 
 removal from Scone by Edward I., admits of no doubt. A record exists of the ex- 
 penses attending its removal. The curious visitor to London may inspect it, together 
 with the ancient chair made for its reception, in the reign of Edward I., in the Chapel 
 of St. Edward the Confessor, in Westminster Abbey.
 
 HISTOBY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 31 
 
 to him, Edward spent the winter before his death at Carlisle, where 
 he summoned his last parliament. The Scots, taking advantage of 
 the King's absence, and of his having dismissed his army, assem- 
 bled their dispersed forces, attacked and obtained a signal victory- 
 over the English troops, and took prisoner the Earl of Pembroke, 
 who commanded in Scotland. Exasperated at this unexpected 
 revolution, Edward resolved to march into the heart of Scotland, 
 and destroy the kingdom from sea to sea ; and to that end he 
 summoned all the vassals of the crown to meet him at Carlisle, 
 about the middle of summer, on pain of forfeiting their fees. But, 
 whilst " man proposes, God disposes ; " no sooner had he assembled 
 the finest army England had ever seen, than he was seized with a 
 distemper, which put an end to his days, and all his projects. On 
 his death-bed he earnestly recommended Prince Edward, his eldest 
 son and successor, to prosecute the war with Scotland with the 
 utmost vigour. He also advised the Prince to carry along with him 
 his remains at the head of the army, not doubting but the sight of 
 his bones would daunt the courage of the enemies he had thrice 
 conquered. After these last orders to his son, he caused himself to 
 be carried by easy journeys to meet the enemy; but he had not 
 advanced above five miles, to a village in Cumberland, called Burgh- 
 upon-Sands, when his sickness was increased by an attack of dy- 
 sentery, which carried him off on the 7th of July, 1307, in the G8th 
 year of his age, and the 35th of his reign. His body was conveyed 
 to Westminster Abbey, and laid by the remains of Henry, his 
 father ; and the memory of his death is preserved on the spot where 
 he died, by a square pillar bearing an appropriate Latin inscription. 
 
 After the change in the course of the river Hull, noticed at page 
 10, the buildings, as before stated, were gradually transferred from 
 the banks of the old river to those of the new channel; and when 
 the town had attracted the attention of Edward I., sufficient time 
 had elapsed to render its general appearance complete. The recent 
 edifices had spread over the greater part of the space which may 
 now be denominated the old town, and nearly all the principal streets 
 there were at that time in existence. From Hull-street (now High- 
 street), which lay parallel with the river, to the quays and wharfs,
 
 32 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 where the business of the port was transacted, there were several 
 communications by means of staithes or narrow passages, most of 
 which yet remain. 
 
 The freedom of passage conferred upon the burgesses by their 
 charter, caused them to establish a ferry across the Hull ; but Sir 
 John de Sutton, Knt, then lord of the manor of Sutton, and owner 
 of the lands on the Holderness side of the river, where the ferry lay, 
 claimed, by descent from his ancestors, the exclusive right of pas- 
 sage across that river at Drypool, as appurtenant to his lands there. 
 Having procured a writ of ad quod damnum to be directed to tbe 
 Sheriff of Yorkshire, an inquisition was taken thereof in 1307, when 
 the jurors recognised the complainant's right to the ferry. In 1303 
 the Warden, &c, petitioned the King to issue out his writ to Ralp 
 de Hengham and others, to call a jury, and to make direct ways and. 
 causeways to the neighbouring towns ; and the result was that 
 proper roads and highways to Hessle, Anlaby, Beverley, (Nottingham, 
 and Holderness, were then formed. These three roads are probably 
 the same as remain to this day. In 1305 Hull first returned, bur- 
 gesses to parliament. 
 
 In 1306 Elizabeth de Burgh, the wife of Eobert Bruce of Scot- 
 land (after the defeat of her noble husband) was closely confined for 
 two years in the Royal Manor House at Burstwick, in Holderness. 
 Bymer, in his Faidera, has preserved the special directions given to 
 Richard Oysel, concerning the manner in which she was to be 
 treated.* After the siege of Stirling, the King remained some time 
 at Burstwick Park.f 
 
 * She was to have with her a lady and a woman for her chamber, " who may be of 
 good age, and not gay;" two pages, "who shall be also of good age, and prudent;" 
 one of them to carve for her; " a foot-boy to wait in her chamber, one who is sober 
 and not riotous, to make her bed, and do other oflices pertaining to her chamber;" a 
 valet, " who shall be of good bearing, and discreet to keep her keys, and serve in the 
 pantry and cellar;" and a cook. She was also allowed three greyhounds for her re- 
 creation in the warren at Burstwick, " and in the parks when she chuseth;" to have 
 venison in the park and fish in the fisheries, " according as she shall be inclined ;" 
 and she was to reside in the best house in the manor, at her pleasure. — Bymer, vol. 
 ii., p. 1013. 
 
 + The Eoyal Park at Burstwick assisted to supply the larder of some of our Kings 
 in London with venison, as appears from a payment of £2. Is. 4d., made to lid. Oysel, 
 the keeper of the manor, for his disbursements respecting three doles of venison taken
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 33 
 
 In 1310 (9 Edw. II.), Robert de Sandal being Warden of tbe 
 town, the King, at the request of the burgesses, and after an inqui- 
 sition made, was pleased to establish a ferry to and from Barton in 
 Lincolnshire, to bring and carry over men, horses, beasts, &c, at 
 the rate of one halfpenny for every single person ; a penny for every 
 horseman ; and twopence for every cart going across with two horses. 
 This grant to the " Wardens and Burgesses, their heirs and succes- 
 sors for ever," was made at Lincoln on the 28th of August, in the 
 aforesaid year. In 1320 the value of this ferry was 40s. per an- 
 num. In 1350 it was leased at the yearly rent of £535. 0s. 4d. ; 
 and in 1831 at a yearly rent of £800. The ferry now belongs to 
 the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Railway Company. 
 
 In 1310 Sir Robert Hastings, Knt., was made Warden of Hull 
 during life; and for his courage and valour, as well as some noble 
 and heroic deeds that he had done against the Scots, he was high 
 in favour with his Sovereign. He had, moreover, the grant of the 
 King's fee farm rents issuing out of this town, Myton, and Tup- 
 coates, amounting in the whole to £70. per annum. This year the 
 King issued a proclamation to the Sheriff of Yorkshire, that no goods 
 should be sold in the port of Hull before they were landed. Two 
 years after, Sir Robert Hastings waited upon the King, at York, and 
 obtained a grant of him to lay a toll for the space of seven years, 
 upon all such commodities as should be exposed in the market for 
 sale, and the money to be employed in the paving of the streets. 
 This toll, which was upon every quarter of corn, one farthing ; upon 
 every horse, mare, or cow, one penny ; upon every salmon, one 
 farthing ; upon every lamprey, one farthing ; upon every hundred 
 of alum and copperas, one halfpenny ; upon every hundred of stock- 
 fish, one halfpenny, &c, proved sufficiently productive for the pur- 
 poses for which it was designed ; the streets were everywhere well- 
 paved and made commodious and neat. Historians tell us that all 
 
 in that park, and four doles of venison taken in the forest of Sherwood, which were 
 sent by water from Hull to London, in the reign of Edward I. These disbursements 
 consisted of the cost of salt to preserve the venison, the freight of a vessel to carry it 
 to London, and the wages of a boy to take care of it while on board of the ship. — 
 Wardrobe Account of the Reign of Edward J., 28 VO., fol. 53. 
 
 In the month of July, 1323, several state papers were signed by King Edward II., 
 at Burstwick Park. 
 
 F
 
 34 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 the stones made use of for this purpose were brought in ships from 
 abroad. Leland says, that " at such tyme as al the trade of stok- 
 fisch for England cam from Isleland to Kingston, bycause the 
 burden of stokfisch was light, the shipes were balissed with great 
 coble stone brought out of Isleland, the which yn continuance paved 
 al the toun of Kingeston throughout." Camden gives pretty nearly 
 the same account. Tickell thinks it more probable that they were 
 brought from the Spurn Head, or places adjacent, where plenty of 
 them were to be had ; but Mr. Frost tells us, that in the year 1400, 
 paving stones constituted a part of the cargoes of two Dutch vessels, 
 which arrived in that year, the Mariknight, of Amsterdam, having 
 brought to the port 40,000 ; and the Skerikewyn, of Dordrecht, 
 16,000. In both of these instances (he continues) the paving stones 
 appear to have been imported on account of the masters of the ves- 
 sels, and it is therefore not improbable that they were brought for 
 the two-fold object of ballast while on board, and of sale for paving 
 the streets when landed. 
 
 The burgesses petitioned the King in 1322 to grant them a 
 license to fortify the town with walls and ditches. A description of 
 the fortifications then erected will be found at subsequent pages of 
 this history. In the year 1331 (5 Edw. III.) the office of Custos 
 or Warden of Hull was abolished, and the government of the borough 
 was confided by royal charter to a Mayor and four Bailiffs, to be 
 chosen annually. 
 
 In the reign of Edward II., the family of De la Pole flourished 
 here ; and as the history of that illustrious house is intimately 
 connected with that of Hull, we shall briefly review it. Few towns 
 ean boast of having given rise to so celebrated a family ; emerging 
 from comparative obscurity to eminence, flourishing in such splen- 
 dour, and experiencing such a variety of fortune. The Rev. W. H. 
 Kemp, Incumbent of St. John's church, Hull, in a lecture on this 
 family, which he lately delivered at the Royal Institution, observed : 
 — " Proudly pre-eminent among the families founded by Hull mer- 
 chants, ranks that of the De la Poles, first alike in point of antiquity, 
 historical associations, and high rank. The curtain rises upon this 
 great family in the reign of the illustrious Plantagenet Edward I.,
 
 HISTORY OF KINCSTON-UPON-HULL. 35 
 
 and sets in that of the cruel and unscrupulous Tudor Henry VIII. 
 Their story therefore is contemporaneous, and closely blended also 
 with the brilliant achievements of Edward III. and the Black Prince ; 
 the still more brilliant achievements of Henry V. and his heroic 
 brothers, Bedford, Clarence, and Gloucester ; the dark tragedies of 
 Eichard II. and the Tower innocents ; the fierce internecine strug- 
 gles of the rival Koses ; the transfer on the bloody field of Bosworth, 
 of the sceptre of England from the hands of • Hell's black intelli- 
 gencer,' Richard Plantagenet, to those of the mean but sensible 
 Henry Tudor ; and the accession to the throne of England of that 
 evil instrument of mighty change, the intended Cardinal but actual 
 ecclesiastical revolutionist, Henry VIII. In many of the acts of 
 this most dramatic epoch of our national history, the De la Poles 
 played a prominent and distinguished part, rising rapidly and surely, 
 during its chequered progress, from the counting-house to the man- 
 sion, and from the mansion to the palace ; ascending from the office 
 in High-street, through the various steps of knight-banneret, baron, 
 earl, marquis, duke, and prince, to the very foot of the throne ; and 
 but for a turn in the strong tide of their high fortune giving to 
 England itself a monarch and founder of a new dynasty, in the 
 person of that half Plantagenet half De la Pole, the young Earl of 
 Lincoln, who died in the battle of Stoke under the banner of that 
 vulgar sham, Lambert Simnel." 
 
 William de la Pole, an eminent merchant of the old Scandinavian 
 settlement of Ravenspurne, at the mouth of the Humber, is said by 
 Tickell to be the " second son of a knight of that name." In con- 
 sequence of the decline of his native town he took up his abode in 
 Hull, where he carried on an extensive commerce, and acquired 
 much wealth.* He had, by his wife Dame Elena, three sons, 
 Richard, William, and John, whom Mr. Kemp designated "the 
 Rothschilds and Barings of their age," and " two of them, but par- 
 
 * " Whether the De la roles, Earls and Dukes of Suffolk, deduce their descent 
 from William de la Pole, merchant, of Totness, in Devonshire, in the days of King 
 Henry III., we have not been able to ascertain. That they do count among their 
 forefathers, William de la Pole, merchant of Hull, who lived in the following reign, 
 is a fact which is clearly established. This William de la Pole was, by Elena his 
 wife, the father of three sons, Pdehard, William, and John, all of whom are styled 
 ' our merchants,' in grants of King Edward III. Owing to the important situations
 
 36 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 
 
 ticularly William, the ancestors of men and women of brilliant 
 fortunes and historic importance." William de la Pole died at Hull, 
 and his widow afterwards married a Hull merchant named John 
 Rotenheryng, who, in 1328, founded a chantry in Holy Trinity 
 Church. They had a daughter, Alicia Rotenherying, who was en- 
 trusted by her father's will to the care of her half-brother, William, 
 the second of the great Hull firm of " De la Pole Brothers." The 
 Eev. H. A. Napier tells us that in 1316, "Richard Atte Pole of 
 Hull " received letters of safe conduct from the King (Edward II.) 
 on his going to foreign parts to bring corn and other provisions into 
 England: and the King took security of him that such corn and 
 provisions should not be carried either to Flanders or to the Scots. 
 This Richard, who was the eldest of the three brothers above-men- 
 tioned, was appointed (according to the same author), in 1327, 
 " Capitalis Pincerna, or Chief Butler under King Edward the 
 Third." This office would appear to have been one of considerable 
 importance, for we find that Richard had under him more than 
 twenty deputies in the various ports of England and Ireland. 
 
 Richard appears to have transacted a considerable business with 
 the King in virtue of his office of chief butler. In June, 1327, the 
 King commanded his Treasurers and Chamberlains to pay him 
 (Richard) £1,000. for wines for the expenses of the royal household, 
 and of the army proceeding towards Scotland. In the following 
 month the King ordered the sum of £2,000. to be paid to his butler. 
 The King made the first order for payment at York, and the second 
 at Topcliffe, near Thirsk, in Yorkshire. The brothers De la Pole 
 were likewise the King's Bankers. In August, 1327, the King 
 acknowledged a debt of £2,000. due to Richard de la Pole, and 
 William his brother; besides £4,000. previously lent him, and paid 
 at York, by William de la Pole, for the expedition of the war in 
 Scotland. The first-named sum was to be repaid out of the old and 
 new customs of the ports of Kingston-upon-Hull and St. Botolph, and 
 
 under the crown which the two elder brothers held, and the high terms of com- 
 mendation in which all of them are spoken of by the King, we are satisfied in finding 
 them honoured and respected as individuals, without further enquiry into the origin 
 of their family." Historical Notices of Swyncombe and Ewelme, by the Hon. and Kev 
 Henry Alfred Napier, M.A., Hector of Swyncombe, 4to., 1858.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-IIULL. 37 
 
 also out of the duty paid on wool, skins, and hides in these ports. 
 In December (same year) the King acknowledged a loan of £1,200. 
 for the brothers Eichard and William de la Pole, for affairs of mo- 
 ment, and promised to pay the same out of the customs in the port 
 of the town of St. Botolph. In February, 1328, the King, when at 
 York, signed an order in favour of Richard de la Pole, his butler, for 
 2,000 marks, for wine supplied to the royal household ; and in the 
 following month an order for £1,200. for the same purpose. In the 
 same month (March) the King acknowledged a loan made to him by 
 the two brothers De la Pole, of £500., for the expenses of the royal 
 household. Later, in the same year, the De la Poles undertook to 
 find £20. every day for the support of the King's household, and as 
 much wine as might be necessary for the same household. To secure 
 the repayment of these monies, the customs on the staple articles in 
 various ports were assigned to the lenders. These and many other 
 transactions of this nature between the King and the De la Poles 
 are noticed in Napier's History of Swyncombe and Ewelme. 
 
 Richard de la Pole died in 1345, and was buried in Holy Trinity 
 Church, and his son, William de la Pole (afterwards knighted) 
 succeeded to the possession of his wealth. The male branch of 
 Richard's descendants soon ran out, but the female branch is rep- 
 resented amongst the nobility of our own times. Richard's great 
 grandaughter, Joan, was, by right of her mother, the Baroness Cob- 
 ham. This lady had five husbands, viz., Sir Robert Hemengdale, 
 Sir Reginald Braybrooke, Sir Nicholas Hawberke, Sir John Old- 
 castle, and Sir John Harpden. The fourth-mentioned Knight (and 
 in right of his wife, Baron Cobham) figures in history as a martyr 
 to Lollardism. In 1413 Thomas Arundal, Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury, and his suffragan, condemned him to the flames as a heretic ; 
 he was accordingly sent to the Tower, from which he afterwards 
 escaped ; but four years later he was apprehended and hanged as a 
 traitor ; his body being burnt in accordance with the ecclesiastical 
 sentence pronounced by Archbishop Arundal. Joan had a daughter 
 by her second husband, who married Sir Thomas Broke, and the 
 representative of this pair, in the female line, was the late extrava- 
 gant Duke of Buckingham and Chandos. 
 
 In the month of October, 1332, Edward III,, on his way to join
 
 38 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 his army in the north, paid a visit to Hull, and was entertained by 
 William de la Pole with the greatest possible magnificence. Being 
 highly pleased with the excellent fortifications of the place, and the 
 reception he had met with, the monarch knighted his generous host 
 before he took his departure. Tickell tells us that it was on this 
 occasion he changed the government of the town from a Bailiff to 
 the more honourable degree and dignity of a Mayor and four Bailiffs ; 
 but Mr. Frost states that the charter conveying this grant is dated 
 6th of May, 1331. Sir William de la Pole filled the office of Mayor 
 in 1333, and again in the year 1335 ; and other authorities state 
 that he was the first Mayor of Hull, and that he continued in that 
 office for the first three years. 
 
 In 1335 Sir William de la Pole engaged to supply the King's 
 household with the daily sum of £10. for a whole year. On the 
 15th of April, in the same year, William de la Pole and Kichard 
 his brother, had granted to them the custody of the King's Manor 
 of Kingston-upon-Hull, and all other things appertaining to them, 
 as well as the custody of the vill of Kingston-upon-Hull, with a 
 salary of £100. a year, which had been held by Kobert de Hastang, 
 and was then vacant by his death. The brothers De la Pole like- 
 wise had the farm of the Burgh of Kingston-upon-Hull, which the 
 King, by his charter, in 1331, had granted to the Mayor, Bailiffs, 
 and good men of that vill for an annual rent of £70., to be paid at 
 the Exchequer. In 1336 the King acknowledged a debt of £3,027. 
 to William de la Pole. In August, 1338, William de la Pole had 
 a grant of the office of Mayor of the Staple at Antwerp, during the 
 King's pleasure. 
 
 During the war with France in 1339, which followed Edward's 
 claim to that kingdom, from which he was excluded by the Salic 
 law, the reader of English history is well aware of the straits to 
 which the King was reduced, through the want of money to support 
 his army. During his long stay at Brabant he endeavoured to 
 borrow of all the foreign princes who were able to supply him, and 
 he even found himself under the necessity of applying to private 
 persons to take up such sums as they were willing to lend. His 
 own and the Queen's jewels were in pawn ; the crown of England 
 was in pawn to the Archbishop of Treves, for the payment of 50,000
 
 HISTOKY OF KINGSTON-UPON-nULL. 39 
 
 golden florins ; and indeed the King himself was in pawn, for he 
 was engaged not to sail to England without the permission of his 
 creditors. At this critical period William de la Pole, with other 
 commissioners of the English monarch, entered into a convention 
 with the Archhishop of Treves respecting the repayment of these 
 50,000 florins and other monies which had been lent to the King. 
 At this time Edward acknowledged himself " bound to his beloved 
 merchant, William de la Pole, for £76, 180., which sum he faith- 
 fully promised to pay off before the end of the year. In order to 
 raise this extraordinary sum, Sir William was obliged to mortgage 
 the whole of his property.* 
 
 This act of loyal devotion was generously rewarded by Edward, in 
 various ways. He made the Hull Merchant a Knight Banneret in 
 the field,t and by letters patent conferred on him and his heirs 500 
 marks per ann. in crown rents, with a promise of an additional 
 thousand marks per annum, in case he recovered his right of inheri- 
 tance within the kingdom of France. As soon as Edward returned 
 from France, he made Sir William first Gentleman of the Bed-cham- 
 ber, then Lord of the Seigniory of Holderness, and he afterwards 
 advanced him to other places of honour and emolument, and at 
 length made him a Baron of the Exchequer. 
 
 William de la Pole continued to advance loans for the use of the 
 King up to the year 1352, when, according to the letters patent, he 
 was said to be impotent and of great age. Indeed, he helped his 
 Sovereign with money long after he (Sir William) had retired into 
 comparative seclusion. 
 
 In every stage of his progress the princely merchant continued a 
 constant benefactor to the town of Kingston-upon-Hull, and availing 
 
 * This was an immense sum in those days, when wheat could he bought for 3s. 4d. 
 a quarter, a fat sheep for Cd., and six pigeons for Id., and when the daily pay of an 
 Earl attending the King in time of war was 6s. 8d. ; in modern times the exact cost of 
 a few minutes interview with an attorney. 
 
 + Speed says (726 h) " The first raiser of the De la Poles was Edward the Third, 
 who made William de la Pole of a brave merchant a Knight Banneret, and gave him 
 great possessions, in requital of an extraordinary and voluntary loan of treasure 
 advanced by him, to supply the King at a time of special necessity, when money 
 could stand him in more stead than a thousand men at arms : no little merit in a 
 subject, nor a slender reward of a most munificent Prince."
 
 40 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 himself of the favour of his Sovereign, he ohtained for it an increase 
 of its privileges and immunities ; and the De la Poles became to 
 this place what the Cliffords were to Skipton, and the Talbots to 
 Sheffield. Before his death, which happened in 1300, he founded 
 a monastery and hospital here, to the glory of God and the benefit 
 of the poor; but he was summoned from this world before the house 
 was complete, and his son and successor, Sir Michael de la Pole, 
 completed the pious work. Sir William and his lady were buried 
 in the chancel of the Church of the Ploly Trinity, Hull. 
 
 Sir Michael was no less a favourite with Richard II. than his 
 father had been with Edward III. In 1354 (in which year he 
 probably attained his majority) he granted a charter of free warren 
 in all his demesne lands within his lordships of Blyburgh, Lin- 
 colnshire ; Gressetthorpe, Notts. ; and Grafton, Northamptonshire. 
 About the same time we find him in the retinue of Henry Duke of 
 Lancaster, and embarking in an expedition then made against 
 France. Four years later he took part in the great invasion of 
 France, on which occasion the greatest nobles and most illustrious 
 warriors of England attended their Sovereign. A little later he 
 married the daughter and heiress of Sir John Wingfield, Knt., of 
 Wingfield, in the county of Suffolk — whose mother was heir of Gil- 
 bert Glanville, Earl of Suffolk, and in whose right the Earldom was 
 afterwards conferred upon him (Sir Michael de la Pole). By this 
 lady he had seven children. When war broke out again between 
 France and England, we find the Knight Banneret, Sir Michael de 
 la Pole, in the train of the highest and bravest warriors of the land, 
 doing battle for the honour of old England. The Hull Knight ever 
 fights under the banner of the Duke of Lancaster. 
 
 By a deed bearing date September 13, 1374, Edward III. ack- 
 nowledged himself indebted to his faithful and beloved Michael de 
 la Pole for the sum of £1,800., and awarding him, by way of pay- 
 ment, £750. out of the tenth recently granted by the clergy, £500. 
 out of the fifteenth granted by the commons of the East Riding, 
 and £550. on the county of Northampton. " The King (observed 
 the Rev. Mr. Kemp) had not quite forgotten his old habit of having 
 recourse in his hour of need to the De la Pole purse." 
 
 In 1375 he was summoned, as he had often been before, to par-
 
 HISTOKY OF KINGST0N-UP0N-HULL. 41 
 
 liament. In 1370 his name is mentioned as Mayor of Hull, and 
 in the same year he was summoned to parliament as the Ad- 
 miral of the King's Fleets in the Northern Parts, i. e. from the 
 mouth of the Thames to the north. Some notion of the importance 
 of this office may be formed from the fact, that in the beginning of 
 the reign of Richard II. his (Sir Michael's, as Admiral) retinue were 
 140 men at arms, 140 archers, 1 banneret, 8 knights, and 130 
 squires. Richard II. commissioned him to act as ambassador to 
 some of the Italian courts, and in 1383 that monarch made him 
 Lord Chancellor of England. Thus he became one of the most 
 powerful men in the kingdom.* In 1384 he founded an Hospital 
 here, which is noticed at a subsequent page ; and about the same 
 time he commenced the erection of the splendid mansion at Hull, 
 afterwards known as Suffolk Palace. In 1385 he was created Earl 
 of Suffolk, on account of his distinguished merits, for the honour of 
 God, the ornament of the royal crown, and the strength and defence 
 of the kingdom. He was likewise granted £500. a year out of the 
 public revenue for the support of his new dignity.f 
 
 The Earl of Suffolk (with other court favourites) became obnox- 
 ious to the people, by whom he was stigmatised as a flagrant 
 public peculator. In less than a year of his being made Chan- 
 cellor, he, by farming the King's customs, and by other emoluments, 
 had purchased lands to the amount of £1,000. per annum, besides 
 accumulating large sums of money; and it was strongly suspected 
 that he could not so suddenly have amassed so much wealth, but 
 by the abuse of the royal favour. The parliament therefore pre- 
 sented an address to the King, desiring that the Treasurer, John de 
 Fordain, Bishop of Durham, and the Earl of Suffolk, might be 
 dismissed from their offices. To this address Richard indignantly 
 
 * Lord Campbell (in his Lives of the Lord Chancellors, vol. 1, p. 290) says, that 
 Suffolk " seems to have filled the office of Chancellor with unspotted integrity." 
 
 + Capgrave, in his Chronicle of England (English edition, edited by the Kev. F. C. 
 Hingeston, in 1858) says that in the year 1385, " at the feste of Seynt Martyn, was a 
 Parlement at London, where Ser Robert Ver erl of Oxforth was mad markeis of 
 Dulyn, in Erlond; and Thomas Wodstok, erl of Bokyngham, was mad duke of 
 Gloucester; his brothir Edmund, erl of Cambrigge, was mad duke of York; Michael 
 at the Pool, than Chauncelere, was mad erl of Suffolk, and graunted of the Kyngia 
 cophir yerly a thousand mark." 
 
 G
 
 42 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 replied that the parliament ought to attend to the husiness about 
 which they were called, and not to meddle with what did not belong 
 to them ; and he haughtily added, that to please the parliament he 
 would not turn out the meanest scullion in his kitchen. The in- 
 dignation of the parliament was now aroused' — the King was no 
 longer able to protect his favourite, and the Earl was not only re- 
 moved from his office of Chancellor, but also summoned to give an 
 account of his administration. The Duke of Gloucester, the Earl 
 of Arundel, with other lords in commission, examined and tried 
 him, and being found guilty of peculation or mal-administration, he 
 was compelled to restore all the grants he had received from the 
 King, and was confined to Windsor Castle. But no sooner was 
 the parliament broken up, than the King recalled him to court, 
 together with his other favourite, Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland, 
 whose estate had been confiscated.* These two noblemen and Alex- 
 ander Neville, Archbishop of York, were the only persons in whom 
 Richard placed confidence. The Earl and the Duke were loaded 
 with fresh favours, and as if he had intended to make satisfaction 
 to the Earl for what he had suffered, the King caused him to be 
 clothed in royal robes, and to sit at table with him. The restored 
 favourites endeavoured to improve the royal favour to their own ad- 
 vantage and the ruin of their enemies, among whom the chief were 
 the Duke of Gloucester and the Earl of Arundel, who, by strict 
 examination of their conduct, had occasioned their condemnation ; 
 but the Duke of Gloucester and the other lords, seeing their des- 
 truction determined on, assembled an army of about 40,000 men, 
 marched at their head to the King, and denouncing the ministers 
 as traitors, demanded their removal and punishment. The King 
 found it necessary to give a favourable answer; and the accused 
 peers consulted their own safety by absenting themselves from court. 
 They were afterwards accused in parliament of high treason, and 
 the Earl of Suffolk and the Archbishop of York were condemned to 
 
 * In this tyme (1386) Michael at the Pool was accused he the Parlement of certeyn 
 poyntis of treson, and deposed fro his office as Chaunceler; but it plesed not the 
 Kyng, for he restored him aftir that to the same office. An than conspired this 
 Mychael the deth of the duke of Glouceter, and of other lordis, whech schuld a deied 
 at a sopere in London had not thei be warned be rachard Esston, then mehir of 
 London." — Capgrave's Chronicle of England.
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-TJrON-IIULL. 43 
 
 exile, and their estates confiscated. Thus hurled from his high 
 state of greatness and splendour, Michael de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk, 
 retired into France in 1389, and died at Paris in the same year, of 
 a hroken heart, at the age fifty-five.* 
 
 In 1402 Michael de la Pole, the second Earl of Suffolk of that 
 name, was restored to the titles and estates of his father, and ac- 
 companied Henry V. in his first expedition to France. During the 
 siege of Harfleur he greatly distinguished himself, and gave many 
 signal proofs of his courage and military capacity. But the fatigues 
 of the siege, and the unusual heat of the season, produced a malig- 
 nant disease, which made dreadful ravages in the army, and the 
 Earl fell a victim to it on the 18th of September, 1415. In the 
 account of the taking of Harfleur, given in the Liber De Illustribiis 
 Henricus, Capgrave says, " many of the soldiers fell sick of the 
 bloody flux ; and the Earl of Suffolk and the Bishop of Norwich, 
 Courtenay by name, died of the sickness." His honours and estates 
 descended to his eldest son, Michael, who likewise attended the 
 King in this expedition, and was then at Harfleur. This, the third 
 Earl of Suffolk, did not long enjoy his title, for in a few weeks after 
 the death of his father he was slain, valiantly fighting by the side 
 of his Sovereign, in the memorable battle of Agincourt, which was 
 fought on the 24th of October, 1415. Capgrave, in his account of 
 this battle, in the Chronicle of England, thus records his death : 
 " On oure side were ded Edward, duke of York, the erle of Suthfolk, 
 IIII. knytes, a swiere, Davy Gamme ; of the commones XXVIII." 
 Two of this Earl's brothers also, not long after, lost their lives in 
 France in the same contest. 
 
 William de la Pole, the fourth Earl of Suffolk (brother to the 
 third Earl), was distinguished alike in the field and in the cabinet. 
 The Hon. and Rev. H. A. Napier tells us in his " Historical No- 
 tices of Swyncombe and Ewelme," that this nobleman was born at 
 his father's manor-house of Cotton, in Suffolk, in 1396. "The 
 strong and mighty wind (says Mr. Napier), which that day prevailed, 
 to the terror of the inhabitants of Cotton — so much so that we find 
 
 * Capgi-ave says that " Michael de la Pool took a schip in Hnmbir, and sailed into 
 Frauns, and there he deyed." And in another place he writes — " This yere (1389) 
 deyed Mychael at the Pool, in the cyte of Paris."
 
 44 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 it remembered one-and-twenty years afterwards, might well have 
 been looked upon as a fearful omen of his stormy journey through 
 life." With a " retinue of thirty lances and four score and ten 
 archers " (according to Holinshed), this Earl accompanied the King 
 in his expedition to France in 1417. This was the first of twenty- 
 four campaigns in the same country ; and it is stated that he served 
 seventeen years on the continent without ever returning to his na- 
 tive country. When the English were extending their conquests in 
 France, in the beginning of the reign of Henry VI., this Earl bore 
 a distinguished part in the war, and gained many signal victories ; 
 and on the death of that renowned General, the Earl of Salisbury, 
 at the memorable siege of Orleans, in 14Q8, the chief command of 
 the besieging army devolved on the Earl of Suffolk, who continued 
 the attacks with unabated vigour. But the laurels which the army 
 had gathered began to wither in his keeping ; the heroic deeds of 
 that military and political prodigy — the Maid of Orleans — turned 
 the fortune of the war, and ultimately expelled the English from the 
 French territory. 
 
 After his return to England, Suffolk was employed in some im- 
 portant embassies, and it was he that proposed the marriage of the 
 King (Henry VI.) with Margaret of Anjou, daughter of Rene, titular 
 King of Sicily, Naples, and Jerusalem, and Duke of Anjou. The 
 negociation of this marriage was also confided to him, and he, at- 
 tended by a splendid train of lords, was empowered by the King to 
 espouse the Princess Margaret in his name, and to conduct her into 
 England ; and at the same time he was advanced to the dignity of 
 Marquis of Suffolk. The nuptials were accordingly solemnised by 
 proxy in the Church of St. Martin, at Tours, in the presence of the 
 King and Queen of France, the Dukes of Orleans and Bretagne, 
 and of seven earls, twelve barons, and twenty bishops, besides an im- 
 mense number of knights and gentlemen. In the month of May, 
 1445, the Queen arrived in England, and on the 30th of the same 
 month she was solemnly crowned. The Marquis afterwards sunk 
 in public estimation, but rose in favour at court, and in 1448 he 
 was, through the influence of the Queen, created Duke of Suffolk. 
 
 In the following year the war between England and France was 
 renewed, and the loss of Normandy, which followed, was attributed
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 45 
 
 to Suffolk, and the whole kingdom rang with complaints against 
 him. Pie was publicly accused of having delivered Maine, the key 
 of Normandy, to the French, for the accomplishment of a marriage 
 advantageous to none but himself — the whole province of Maine 
 having been ceded to France, as oue of the conditions of the treaty 
 of marriage between the King and Margaret of Anjou. He was 
 further charged with having murdered the Duke of Gloucester, and 
 with having removed from the King's presence all virtuous coun- 
 sellors, and filled their places with his own creatures. These and 
 several other crimes, some of them indeed improbable, were imputed 
 to him, and the popular clamour was loud against him. In a word, 
 his name was become odious, and every mismanagement in the 
 administration was imputed to him as its author. In the beginning 
 of the year 1450 the parliament met, and the Commons presented 
 to the Lords an indictment against him, containing for substance 
 the charges before mentioned, with some others. The Duke an- 
 swered those charges by a formal denial of the greatest part of them, 
 and challenged his accusers to produce their proofs; but the court, 
 alarmed at his situation, and desirous to withdraw him from the 
 impending storm, devised an expedient to preserve him from that 
 fate which there was reason to apprehend might be the consequence 
 of a formal trial. The Duke was advised to refer himself to the 
 King's award, who, by his own authority, banished him for five 
 years. This irregular mode of proceeding was adopted in the hope 
 that the hatred of his enemies might abate, and the clamours of the 
 people subside by that time, after which he might return to Eng- 
 land, and have ample compensation made him for his sufferings. 
 But his enemies foreseeing that on the first favourable opportunity 
 he would be recalled, and reinstated in his former power, were de- 
 termined on his destruction. He was accordingly met on his pas- 
 sage to France by an English ship, called the Nicholas, belonging 
 to his enemy the Duke of Exeter, Constable of the Tower, the 
 Captain of which seized the Duke, brought him into Dover roads, 
 and struck off his head on the side of a long boat. Thus fell the 
 most powerful man in the kingdom — who, in so many campaigns, 
 distinguished himself at the head of the English armies in France, 
 and had lost his grandfather, his father, two uncles, and his brother,
 
 46 HISTORY OF RTNGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 in the wars of that country ; who had ruled the cabinet of London, 
 had been a Privy Councillor fifteen years, and for thirty years a 
 Knight of the Garter; and no enquiry was made after the perpe- 
 trators of this illegal act of violence. His mutilated body was found 
 upon the sands at Dover, by one of his chaplains, and buried, as 
 Hall informs us, in the Collegiate Church of Wingfield, in Suffolk ; 
 but according to Stowe, in the Charter House of Kingston-upon- 
 Hull. By his will, dated January, 27th, 1450, he desired that his 
 " wretched body " should be buried " in the Charter House at 
 Hull, with a fair monument."* 
 
 Whatever might be his errors as a minister of state, William de 
 la Pole was to Hull a distinguished benefactor, and the town re- 
 ceived through his influence numerous marks of royal favour. 
 From him was descended John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, who 
 married Elizabeth Plantagenet, sister of Edward IV. and Richard 
 III., and by her had issue John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln. This 
 Earl aspired to the throne, and Ptichard III., after the death of his 
 only son, the Prince of Wales, declared the Earl of Lincoln pre- 
 sumptive heir to the crown. But the battle of Bosworth Field, 
 which was fought on the 22nd of August, 1485, destroyed these 
 aspiring hopes, by placing Henry, Earl of Richmond, on the throne. 
 
 The Earl of Lincoln submitted to his disappointment with an 
 ill grace, and resolved to lose no opportunity that might present 
 itself, for accomplishing the ruin of the young monarch. Accor- 
 dingly he was one of the leaders in the rebellion which broke out 
 the next year in Ireland, in favour of the impostor, Lambert Simnel, 
 who personated the Earl of Warwick. 
 
 This was one of the most extraordinary attempts at imposture 
 recorded in history. The accession of Henry VII. to the throne, 
 and his subsequent marriage with the Princess Elizabeth, daughter 
 of Edward IV., and heiress of the House of York, united the in- 
 terests of the rival houses of York and Lancaster, and blended the 
 
 * This William, Duke of Suffolk, married Alice Chaucer, daughter and heiress of 
 Thomas, son of Geoffrey Chaucer, "the father of English poetry." Through this 
 lady the Duke had the manor of Ewelme, in Oxfordshire — at which place he rebuilt 
 the parish church, erected a palace, which was called the Manor Place, and founded 
 and endowed an hospital or almshouse for two priests and thirteen poor men.
 
 HISTORY OP KINGSTON-UPON-HUXL. 47 
 
 " two roses." In the course of nature the perpetuation of the crown 
 in the family of its present possessor was threatened by the birth of 
 a Prince ; and this event urged the enemies of the King to this sin- 
 gular scheme. 
 
 After the death of the Duke of Clarence, brother to Edward IV., 
 his only child, Edward Plantagenet, was created Earl of Warwick, 
 the title borne by his grandfather. When Henry VII. became King, 
 this youthful Earl had only reached his fifteenth year; and he had 
 been for some time a prisoner in the Castle of Sheriff Hutton, in 
 which place he had been confined by Pilchard III., who feared that 
 he might one day become a dangerous competitor for the crown. 
 One of the first acts of Henry VII. was to transfer the young Prince 
 from his prison in Yorkshire, to a place of greater security — the 
 Tower — he too viewing him with peculiar jealousy : and thus was 
 this innocent child made a victim to satisfy the ambition of others. 
 
 One PJchard Simons, a young priest of Oxford, landed in Dublin 
 with a boy fifteen years of age, and presented him to the Earl of 
 Kildare, the Lord Deputy, and the chief of the Yorkists in Ireland, 
 as the youthful and unfortunate Earl of Warwick ; and implored the 
 protection of that nobleman, for, as he stated, an innocent Prince, 
 who, by escaping from the Tower, had avoided the fate similar to 
 that of his unfortunate cousins, the sons of Edward IV. The boy 
 was in reality Lambert Simuel, the son of a baker at Oxford, a 
 youth of handsome exterior, good address, and endowments of the 
 mind above his years ; and he had been well instructed in the part 
 which he had to perform, as he could relate with apparent accuracy, 
 his adventures at Sheriff Hutton, in the Tower, and during his 
 escape. 
 
 The Earl of Lincoln, whose hopes were blighted by the accession 
 of Henry, was one of the first that openly espoused the cause of 
 the impostor. The Earl embarked for Flanders to concert with his 
 aunt, Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy, the means of de- 
 throning Henry, and to solicit her support in the undertaking. 
 The Duchess, who was sister to the two late Kings, and a mortal 
 enemy to the House of Lancaster, immediately agreed to furnish the 
 Earl with 2,000 Burgundian soldiers. The boy Simnel was intro- 
 duced under his assumed name, to the citizens of Dublin and the
 
 48 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 nobility of Ireland, by Lord Thomas Fitzgerald, the Chancellor, 
 brother to the Lord Deputy. With the exception of the Butlers, 
 the Bishops of Cashel, Clogher, Tuarn, and Ossory, and the citizens 
 of Waterford, the rest of the population, relying on the authority of 
 the Earl of Kildare, admitted the title of the new Plantagenet 
 without doubt or investigation ; and having been joined by the Earl 
 of Lincoln and his Burgundians, as well as by Lord Lovel and 
 others, he was proclaimed in Dublin by the style of Edward VI., 
 King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland. The ceremony 
 of coronation was performed by the Bishop of Meath, with a diadem 
 taken from a statue of the Madonna ; writs were even issued in his 
 name ; a parliament was convoked ; and legal penalties were enacted 
 against his principal opponents in Ireland. When the intelligence 
 reached Henry, he conducted the real Earl of Warwick from the 
 Tower to St. Paul's, that he might be publicly recognised by the 
 citizens; and took him with him to the palace of Shene, where he 
 conversed daily with the noblemen and others who visited the court. 
 This prudent measure satisfied the people of England. They 
 laughed at the imposture in Ireland, whilst the Irish maintained 
 that theirs was the real, and that the boy at Shene was the pre- 
 tended Plantagenet. 
 
 The rebels now resolved to make an attempt on England, and the 
 Earl of Lincoln being appointed Commander-in-chief, landed with 
 an army of 8,000 German and English troops, at the Pile of Fou- 
 dray, in Lancashire. At Swartmore, near Ulverstone, the rebels 
 were joined by the tenantry of Sir Thomas Broughton, and here the 
 impostor was again proclaimed. The Earl expected that the people 
 of the north would rise and join him as he marched along, but in 
 this he was disappointed, but not dismayed, for he resolved to march 
 directly towards the King and give him battle. They now com- 
 menced their march towards York, after sending a letter addressed 
 to the Lord Mayor and Corporation of that city, commanding that 
 lodgings, victuals, &c, should be provided for them. This was im- 
 mediately communicated to Henry, who without delay proceeded to 
 York, where an attempt was made to seize his person whilst he was 
 solemnising the festival of St. George ; and it certainly would have 
 been successful had not the Earl of Northumberland rescued him.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 49 
 
 This rebellion was not repressed until an obstinate contest took 
 place at the village of Stoke, within a few miles of Newark, on the 
 Cth of June, 1487. During the space of three hours the victory 
 was doubtful, but at length the rebels were entirely routed with a 
 loss of half their number; and the Earl of Lincoln, Sir Thomas 
 Broughton, aud most of the other leaders, were slain on the field of 
 battle.* Several of the principal insurgents were afterwards hanged 
 upon a gibbet at York. Simons and his pupil surrendered to one 
 of the King's esquires. The priest was made to confess the im- 
 posture, and then thrown into prison, in which he perished ; but 
 the pretended Edward VI, obtained his pardon, was made a scullion 
 in the royal kitchen, and afterwards, in reward of his good conduct, 
 was raised to the office of falconer. 
 
 The real object of this most serio-comic proceeding must for ever 
 remain a mystery. There is no doubt of its having been a deeply 
 laid plot to annoy if not to dethrone the King, on the part of the 
 adherents of the House of York. But why personate a Prince who 
 was still living, and who might any day be confronted with the im- 
 postor? The Earl of Lincoln had seen and conversed with the 
 real Earl of Warwick at Shene; aud the Earl of Kildare and many 
 others were doubtless in the secret. Several reasons have been 
 assigned for these strange proceedings, but " the least improbable 
 is (writes Dr. Liugard) that which supposes that the framers of the 
 plot designed, if it succeeded, to place the real Warwick on the 
 throne; but that, sensible how much they should endanger his life, 
 if they were to proclaim him while he was in the Tower, they set 
 up a counterfeit Warwick, and by this contrivance made it the in- 
 terest of Henry to preserve the true one.f 
 
 The Earl of Lincoln was killed in the above-mentioned battle 
 between the insurgents aud the King's forces, at Stoke, and his 
 brother, Edmund de la Pole, was the last of that family who bore 
 the title of Earl of Suffolk. This unfortunate nobleman was, 
 through the jealous temper of Henry VII. , detained a prisoner in 
 the Tower for seven years, on a charge of conspiring against the 
 
 * Rapin, vol. i., pp. 658. Hall, fol. 9. Bacon, 586. Hollinshed, p. 1431. 
 + History of Eriglaud, vol. v., p. 285, fcp. 8vo. 
 
 H
 
 50 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 state, and was beheaded by order of his successor, Henry VIII., 
 without the formality of a trial, in the fourth year of that monarch's 
 reign. Historians are not agreed concerning the motives that in- 
 duced Henry to commit this act of violence on a person from whom 
 he could have nothing to fear. By the attainder of this, the last 
 Earl of Suffolk, all the revenues and manors of that noble family 
 were confiscated to the King's use, and the family, which arose 
 from a mercantile station, and flourished in great splendour for 
 about one hundred and twenty years, became extinct in the male 
 line by the death of the younger brother, William, who fled to Italy, 
 and was killed at the battle of Pavia in 1525. 
 
 The celebrated Cardinal Pole, Archbishop of Canterbury in the 
 reign of Queen Mary, was allied to the De la Pole family. This 
 distinguished prelate was the youugest son of Sir Richard Pole, a 
 member of an ancient family in Wales, and Margaret, daughter 
 of the Duke of Clarence, brother of Edward IV., and also to Eliza- 
 beth, the last Earl of Suffolk's mother ; whence it appears that the 
 Cardinal's mother was the Earl's first cousin. 
 
 Suffolk Palace. — Sir Michael de la Pole, afterwards Earl of 
 Suffolk, commenced the erection of " that stately and superb palace" 
 known in later times as Suffolk Palace, and later still as the King's 
 Manor. The mansion stood nearly opposite St. Mary's Church, and 
 its court-yards, buildings, and grounds occupied a large space. The 
 east front was towards Low-gate, then called Market-gate. The east 
 wall of the grounds belonging to it extended from the corner of 
 Bowlalley-laue (formerly known as Denton-lane) to the bottom of 
 Low-gate, and ran parallel to the town wall, with a passage between 
 the two walls, almost to the Beverley Gate, where it formed an angle 
 with Schole-laue (at that time a continuation of Denton-lane). The 
 other wall to the southward formed one side of Schole-lane and 
 Denton-lane ; so that there was properly but one front, the other 
 two slanting off to a point near the Beverley Gate. Thus, it com- 
 prehended all the ground of Low-gate from Bowlalley-lane, where 
 are now Manor-alley, the Town Hall, the Gas Works, Quay-street 
 to the dock, and as far as the Land-of-Green-giuger, and so up 
 Bowlalley-lane.
 
 HISTORY OF IUNGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 51 
 
 From an examination of an ancient drawing of the mansion and 
 grounds, in the possession of E. S. Wilson, Esq. (solicitor, and sec- 
 retary to the Corporation of Trinity House, Hull), it would appear 
 that the present passage called Manor-alley runs through the 
 site of the centre of the building.* The great entrance was in 
 Low-gate, facing the town walls, at the spot on which now stand 
 the houses numbered 00 and 07. From the site of the gate to tho 
 Market-place the street is narrower — by the breadth of the gateway 
 — than it is from the Dock-side to the site of the entrance, hence it 
 would appear that the approach to the gateway from the Low Gate 
 of the town was widened. The entrance is described by Tickell 
 as a "lofty and grand gateway, over which, supported by strong 
 timber, were erected two chambers." It was, in fact, a good tower- 
 gateway. The passage from it to the mansion was thirty yards 
 long and six broad. The house was entered by " a spacious and 
 handsome tower, three stories high, covered with lead, and in which 
 were chambers eighteen feet by eighteen." The arched-way of this 
 door led to a paved court-yard surrounded " with beautiful and 
 elegant buildings." Tickell (to whom we are indebted for this de- 
 scription) states that on one side of this quadrangle was a large hall 
 GO feet long and 40 wide, and that the west side of the square formed 
 " a beautiful range of buildings." The area of this court was about 
 two roods. North of it lay another quadrangle containing above 
 an acre of land, "ornamented with fish-ponds and a beautiful dove- 
 cote ; and to the west of this was a pleasant plot of ground, con- 
 taining two acres of pasture, inclosed with a brick wall." Before 
 the hall window was " a most delightful and spacious flower-garden, 
 of upwards of an acre," which in the year 1787 was laid out for 
 building purposes. Contiguous to this was a kitchen garden. Ad- 
 joining the great hall on the south side, was a small court, around 
 which stood the out-offices. The kitchen was twenty feet square, 
 and covered with lead. On the north side of the last-named court 
 " stood a beautiful Chapel, supposed to have been dedicated to St. 
 
 * There are some very old plans of Hull in the British Museum, and also of the 
 King's Manor or Palace and grounds at Hull. Mr. E. S. Wilson has in his possession 
 a valuable set of plans and drawings of the town, on a large scale, collected from 
 various sources; including fac-similes of those in the British Museum.
 
 52 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Michael the Archangel." It was 28 feet in length and 15 in 
 breadth, and was built of brick and stone, and covered with lead.* 
 
 There are scarcely any remaius left of this once magnificent 
 palace. In a yard in Manor-alley, the property of Mr. William 
 White, architect (aud at present, 1803, in the occupation of Mr. 
 John Renardson, builder), is a Roche Abbey stone architrave, about 
 fifteen feet high, which has evidently been one side of an arched 
 way. The upper stones are not in their original position, and the 
 remnant itself forms the support of a corner of a workshop for joiners. 
 A wall of brick, which formerly stood against it, was removed about 
 thirty years ago, when Mr. White discovered this fragment of a 
 broken arch of the mansion. There was then an ancient brick wall 
 running westward, which Mr. White also removed ; and in this 
 wall was a two-light Gothic window, which is now in the museum 
 of the Hull Royal Institution ; the Rev. John Scott, of Hull, has the 
 upper part of a similar window ; and in the wall of a cottage in the 
 yard adjoining the one that contains the before-mentioned architrave, 
 are some remains of the walls of the old palace. In the same 
 yard are a few detached fragments of sculptured stones of the an- 
 cient building, now used by the cottagers for various purposes. E. S. 
 Wilson, Esq., has a few fragments of the building, consisting of a 
 portion of mullioned window and part of a pillar, in the garden of 
 his residence, Welton Grange, near Brough. 
 
 Besides this palace the Earl of Suffolk " erected three other 
 splendid and magnificent houses, adorned with stately towers; two 
 of which stood within the town " of Hull. The other " was situated 
 
 * The Suffolk Palace was called the Manor Hall, or the King's Manor, after it came 
 into the hands of Henry VIII. That monarch had it heautitied, repaired, and en- 
 larged, and resided at it during his visit to Hull in 1040. We may also add that 
 Henry fortified it. In a drawing of the house in Mr. E. S. Wilson's collection, it is 
 represented as having an outwork, or semicircular hattery, facing St. Mary's Church; 
 and in the Corporation Kecords of Henry's reign, there appears — "Item : the Kinges 
 Ma'tes house to be made to serve as a Sitidcll and a special kepe of the hole town." 
 
 This King subsequently granted the Manor House to Sir Henry Gate, Knt, and 
 Dame Lucy, his wife, and their heirs, for faithful services. From them it passed to 
 the Hildyards, of Winestead. The latter family let it for fifty pounds a year to King 
 Charles I., who converted it into a magazine in 1C39. It came afterwards into the 
 possession of Charles II., who sold it to the Mayor and Corporation, who resold it to 
 Henry Hildyard, Esq., of East Horsey, Co. Surrey. It was subsequently sold again 
 in 1663, and pulled down. Some of the grounds existed as gardens in the recollection 
 of many persons now (1863) residing in Hull.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 53 
 
 at a small distance from it." One of the former stood in High- 
 street, and was called De la Pole House. The De la Poles had 
 likewise a splendid palace at their manor of Ewelme, in Oxfordshire ; 
 and the old hall at Henham, Suffolk, was a seat of De la Pole, Duke 
 of Suffolk. There are plates of the two last-mentioned mansions, in 
 Napier's History of Ewelme, and Suckling's History of Suffolk. 
 
 Having thus sketched the history of the De la Poles, who greatly 
 contributed to the prosperity of Hull, we must now return to what 
 more immediately relates to the town, and view its continual pro- 
 gress in trade and opulence. 
 
 In 1356 (30 Edw. III.) the tides of the rivers Humber and Hull 
 flowed higher by four feet than usual; in consequence of which the 
 road between this town and Anlaby, and the lands and pastures ad- 
 jacent thereto, were constantly submerged. The inhabitants having 
 informed the King of this circumstance, his Majesty, by letters 
 patent, empowered certain gentlemen to take steps to remedy the 
 evil. It is not known how long the tides upon this coast continued 
 to flow so much higher than they had formerly done : they must 
 have done so for a considerable time, as there is scarce a year in 
 the succeeding part of this monarch's reign in which a commission 
 was not issued for repairing the banks which bounded the course of 
 the before-mentioned rivers. In the same year (1356) power was 
 first granted to Sir Michael de la Pole to hold a Court of gaol 
 delivery here. In 1358 the highways to the town were completed. 
 
 In 1359 (33 Edw. III.) the burgesses and commonalty of Hull 
 entered into an agreement with those of Scarborough, that the bur- 
 gesses of each place should be mutually exempt at each place from 
 all manner of tolls, customs, &c. At that early period Hull had 
 attained a considerable rank in the list of maritime towns, for 
 in 1359 the King, having resolved to invade France, sent to 
 every sea-port within his kingdom; requiring of each a certain 
 number of ships and mariners, according to the ability of the place ; 
 and the quota for Hull consisted of sixteen ships and 466 seamen ; 
 whilst twenty-five ships and 662 mariners was the whole comple- 
 ment furnished by London ; and seventeen ships and 314 seamen 
 was the number for Newcastle.
 
 54 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Until this, the fourteenth century, England possessed no regular 
 navy, the maritime force of. the kingdom consisting only of mer- 
 chants' ships and vessels, which were pressed into the service when- 
 ever any extraordinary occasion rendered their assistance necessary. 
 But beside the occasional employment of merchants' vessels in the 
 King's service, barges were frequently required to be built at the 
 expense of the inhabitants of maritime towns, towards forming a 
 permanent navy. 
 
 In 1376 the inhabitants of Hull petitioned the King to empower 
 them to take steps towards supplying themselves with fresh water. 
 The riots and disagreements which took place afterwards between 
 the townspeople and the inhabitants of the neighbouring villages, 
 are fully noticed under the head of " Waterworks," at subsequent 
 pages of this volume. 
 
 The valiant and renowned King Edward III. died in 1377, in 
 the 64th year of his age and 51st of his reign. He was succeeded 
 by his grandson, the unfortunate Richard II., son of Edward the 
 Black Prince. 
 
 During the reign of Kichard II., the kingdom was threatened 
 with great danger ; the French, with a powerful army, was ready to 
 invade it ; the Scots, their allies, had taken possession of Berwick ; 
 and the King was at variance with his nobles. At this critical 
 juncture the town of Hull, grateful for the numerous privileges 
 which it had received, raised many soldiers, and fitted up two large 
 ships, well equipped and manned, for his Majesty's service. 
 
 The fortifications of Hull underwent considerable repairs about 
 the same time ; the ditches were cleansed, and a strong Castle, for 
 the security of the town and harbour, was erected on the east side 
 of the river Hull. 
 
 In the year 1382, this monarch (to whom Hull has been in- 
 debted for many favours, obtained, doubtless at the solicitation of 
 Michael de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk) revived all the old charters and 
 enlarged the privileges of the town. In this year all the void places 
 in the town were granted to the burgesses aud their successors. 
 Towards the latter end of this reign the King granted to the bur- 
 gesses and their successors for ever, the river or haven of the town,
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 55 
 
 then known as Sayer Creek, from Sculcotes Gote to the middle of 
 the stream of the H umber. 
 
 In 1385 Richard, in consideration of their loyalty, promised the 
 inhabitants of the town, that neither he nor his successors would 
 ever mortmain any lands to their detriment, and that they should 
 have a large common seal, consisting of two parts, the upper part 
 to remain in the custody of the Mayor, and the other part to be 
 deposited in the hands of a clerk appointed by the King or his 
 successors. 
 
 In 1399, when Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster (afterwards King 
 Edward IV.) lauded at Ravenspurne, in Holderness, and was joined 
 by several of the discontented nobles, for the purpose of deposiug 
 the King, the town of Hull continued firm in its loyalty to Richard, 
 though this part of the country was in general affected to the Duke. 
 When the Mayor (John Tutbury) heard of their approach, he or- 
 dered the bridges to be drawn up, the gates to be shut, and the 
 burgesses to stand to arms ; and when the Duke and his followers 
 appeared before the town, and demanded immediate entrance, the 
 Mayor refused the request, and told the Duke that he had sworn to 
 be true to his Sovereign, Richard II., and faithfully to keep the 
 town for his use, and tbat he was fully resolved to do his duty, and 
 never to prove false to his oath nor a traitor to his King. On re- 
 ceiving this loyal and resolute answer, the Duke and his associates 
 withdrew, and immediately marched to Doncaster. 
 
 King Henry V. granted a new charter to the town of Hull, and 
 the town, in 1414, supplied him with several ships of great burthen, 
 and many soldiers, for his expedition against France. 
 
 It appears that at this time all kinds of merchandise were ex- 
 posed to public sale on the sabbath day ; for in 1414 the Mayor 
 issued an order " That no markets shall be held on Sunday, nor 
 any merchandise or goods sold thereon, under the penalty of 6s. 8d. 
 to the seller and 3s. 4d. to the buyer, except, according to ancient 
 custom, from Lammas to Michaelmas ; that no butcher sell or ex- 
 pose meat on that day ; that no cooks or victuallers shall dress meat 
 except for strangers, and that too before eleven o'clock ; that no 
 tradesmen keep their shops open, or sell any goods ; nor any vint-
 
 56 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 ners or ale sellers deliver or sell ale or wine on the said day, under 
 the aforesaid penalties." 
 
 King Henry confirmed the old charter, and granted five new ones. 
 By one of these (granted in 1440) the town was erected into a County 
 — its jurisdiction extending over the towns and parishes of Hessle, 
 North Ferriby, Swanland, West Ella, Kirk Ella, Tranby, Wil- 
 lardby, Wolferton, Anlaby, and the site of the Priory of Halteinprice, 
 a district of about 18 miles in circumference.* The same charter 
 constituted Kingston-upon-Hull a corporate town, and granted that 
 instead of a Mayor and Bailiffs, there should be a Mayor, Sheriff, 
 and twelve Aldermen, who should be Justices of the Peace within 
 the town and county ; likewise, that the Mayor should be chosen by 
 the burgesses from the aldermen ; the Sheriff and two Chamberlains 
 from the burgesses ; that the Mayor should be the King's escheator 
 to determine what forfeitures of lands fell to the Crown for want of 
 heirs ; the Sheriff to be his assistant, and both to have such powers 
 as are granted to officers of that rank in other parts of the kingdom. 
 For crimes committed within the town, the burgesses were to an- 
 swer before the Mayor and Sheriff; but if the case could not be 
 decided before them, then it was to be referred to the judge of assize. 
 The sword and mace was also granted to the Mayor, with a cap of 
 maintenance. 
 
 Henry being unsuccessful in the war he was waging with France, 
 having lost many of the towns which his father had taken in that 
 country, sent a letter, dated at his Manor of Shene, the 24th of 
 August, 1441, addressed to the Mayor and Alderman of Hull, to 
 solicit a loan of a certain sum of money, to enable him to prosecute 
 the war. The King's request was generously complied with, but 
 the sum advanced on this occasion is not recorded. In 1441 it was 
 ordained, by common consent, at the Town Hall, that the Mayor, 
 during his year of office, should not sell ale or wine in his house; 
 that whenever he appeared in public, the sword should be carried 
 before him, and his officers should attend him; that the Sheriff 
 
 * Hullshire, or the town and county of Kingston-upon-Hull, extended from the 
 Garrison Side, east of the harbour, to the westward of Swanland, a distance of about 
 nine miles in length : and from the Humber on the south, to the Hunsley Beacon 
 Division on the north, an average distance of two miles in breadth.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-IIULL. 57 
 
 should always attend church and council meetings in his gown, 
 with the mace carried before him, and his officers waiting upon 
 him ; and that no Alderman should keep alehouses or taverns, nor 
 discover what passed in their councils, under heavy penalties. 
 
 In 1443 the town was divided into six wards, each of them go- 
 verned by two Aldermen, and the Mayor presiding as head of the 
 whole. The Aldermen were obliged to reside within their respective 
 wards ; and for crimes committed in each of these divisions, the 
 offenders were tried and disposed of by the Aldermen of the ward 
 wherein they had transgressed, and not before the Mayor. By this 
 division the town was, as it were, cantoned out into six little terri- 
 tories, which had bars and gates that were shut up every night. 
 These divisions were called — Humber Ward, Austin Ward, Trinity 
 Ward, White Friar Ward, St. Mary's Ward, and North Ward. 
 
 The anniversary of the dedications of churches, commonly called 
 Feasts, Wakes, or Ales, which were first instituted for good and 
 pious purposes, and which had for a long time been devoutly and 
 religiously kept, had now lost their religious character, and those 
 anniversaries were frequently spent in riot and debauchery. The 
 feasts of the dedication of the Churches of St. Mary and the Holy 
 Trinity at Hull, fell on the 8th and 10th of March, which being in 
 lent, the magistrates petitioned the Archbishop of York to translate 
 them to other davs more convenient, and order the celebration of 
 them both to be on the Sunday next after the feast of St. Thomas 
 a Becket. The Archbishop complied with the petition, and these 
 revels were continued here upon that day till the reign of Charles L* 
 
 In this year (1443) the King granted another charter to the town 
 of Hull, by which the Corporation were empowered to purchase to 
 the value of £100. per ann., to enable them to defend and preserve 
 the town from the inundations of the river Humber. In 1447 the 
 
 * On the evening preceding tbe Saint's day, in whose honour the church was con- 
 secrated, it was usual for the religious people to assemble in the church, and there 
 watch and pray all night; and this watching or ivaking, being kept on the eves of the 
 festivals, were called Vigils. The first intention of this watching was good and pious, 
 but, by degrees, greater numbers attending, less devotion and reverence were ob- 
 served; till at length, from hawkers and pedlars coming thither to yell their petty 
 wares, the merchants came and set up stalls and booths in the church-yards ; and 
 not only those who lived in the parish, to whom the church belonged, resorted thither, 
 but others from all the neighbouring towns and villages. 
 
 I
 
 58 HISTORY OP K1NGST0N-UP0N-HULL. 
 
 King confirmed the privileges, both of the town and the new made 
 county ; empowered the magistrates to choose two Coroners — one 
 for the town and another for the county ; and granted that, after 
 the decease of the Duke of Exeter and his son, they might choose 
 an Admiral, whose jurisdiction was to extend over the whole of the 
 county of Kingston-upon-Hull, the village and precincts of Drypool, 
 and all the river Humber ; and that no other Admiral of England 
 should have power or authority within his limits. 
 
 In the month of September, 1448, Henry made a progress into 
 the north, and having passed some days with the Duke of North- 
 umberland at Leckonfield, he honoured Hull with a visit, and was 
 received by the people with the loudest demonstrations of joy and 
 loyal affection ; and was entertained by the Corporation for two or 
 three days, with all possible magnificence. 
 
 The same year a suit commenced between Hull and Beverley, 
 the latter claiming a free passage through the haven of Hull into 
 the Humber, exempt from all manner of tolls or customs. The suit 
 was tried in the Star-chamber at Westminster. On the part of 
 Hull it was shown that the haven belonged to the burgesses of that 
 place, by the grant of Kichard H. To this the council for Bev- 
 erley answered, that the men of that town had always a free passage 
 through the river Hull to the Humber, and ought not now to be 
 deprived of that privilege ; and then were produced the charters of 
 Athelstan, John, and Henry III., whereby the burgesses of Bever- 
 ley were made free of all passage all England over. To this it was 
 replied, that, in former times there were two Hulls, the old and the 
 new ; that of the old they might perhaps be free ; but that of the 
 new, originally but a sewer cut by Sayer of Sutton, to drain the 
 country, but now the haven, they were never free. After a great 
 many hearings, pleadings, and much delay, this town at length 
 obtained a decree to compel the opposite party to bring the trial 
 to an issue. The affair was soon afterwards brought to an ami- 
 cable conclusion, " but upon what conditions (says Tickell) it does 
 not appear."* 
 
 * The Archbishops of York had almost kingly jurisdiction over Beverley, Pat- 
 rington, Eipon, and other places. Archbishop Thurstan, who possessed the see 
 of York from 1119 to 1139, was a great benefactor to the town of Beverley.
 
 HISTORY OP KINGST0N-UPON-HULL. 59 
 
 In the year 1452 the M. P.'s for Hull were paid 2s. per day each 
 for their services, whilst attending their parliamentary duties. In 
 the same year, according to the Town's Records, it was ordered that 
 none sell candles for more than one penny per pound ; that a gallon 
 of ale be no more than three-halfpence ; and that butchers sell their 
 meat by the halfpenny, penny, and twopence worth, as the burgesses 
 have need. 
 
 During the great civil war between the rival houses of York and 
 Lancaster, the inhabitants of Hull were not unmindful of the obli- 
 gations they owed to their Sovereign, and to the last they continued 
 firm and unshaken in their fidelity to Henry. According to the 
 Town's Records, large levies of men were made during the contest, 
 and a debt to a very large amount was contracted. In the battle of 
 Wakefield, Richard Hanson, Esq., the brave and loyal Mayor of 
 Hull, having greatly distinguished himself by his valour and in- 
 trepidity, fell covered with wounds, in the moment of victory, in the 
 presence of the Queen. At Towton, too, the blood of the people of 
 Hull, who had volunteered in Henry's cause, flowed freely; and 
 such indeed was the loyalty of the inhabitants, that, in 1462, when 
 the public treasury of the borough was exhausted by the expenses 
 of the war, the Corporation took down a large and stately Market 
 cross (covered with a vast quantity of lead), which had been erected 
 at a great expense about thirty-five years before, to raise money, by 
 the sale of the materials, for the support of the royal cause. When 
 this cross was erected, Robert Holme, a wealthy Alderman, and who 
 had thrice the honour of filling the civic chair, was the chief con- 
 tributor. In gratitude, and to perpetuate his memory, we are told 
 by Tickell, that the Corporation ordained, when the cross was taken 
 down, that 3s. 4d. should be given yearly for saying a dirge in the 
 Church of St. Mary, for the rest of his soul, to be sung by twelve 
 
 By permission of King Henry I., be granted a charter winch conferred the name of 
 freemen upon the residents on the demesne of the Archbishop of York, in Beverley; 
 and by that charter the men of Beverley received all the privileges that the citizens 
 of York enjoyed. They were to " be free and quit from all toll throughout the whole 
 shire of York, in like manner as those of York." This, and other grants of Arch- 
 bishops of York to the people of Beverley, were confirmed by several succeeding 
 monarchs.
 
 60 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 priests and a clerk, who were to have 2s. 2d. divided amongst them ; 
 for ringing the bells on the day of celebration, 6d. was given, and 
 the same sum for wax candles to be burnt about his grave ; the 
 bellman for crying his name 2d., and a penny for a mass penny, 
 which the Mayor for the time being was yearly to offer. 
 
 On the elevation of Edward IV. to the throne, in 1461, the town 
 of Hull reluctantly acknowledged him as their Sovereign. In 1464 
 the unfortunate Henry, having drawn together an army, entered 
 Northumberland, took the Castle of Bamborough, and marched into 
 the bishopric of Durham. But Edward immediately sent an army 
 to stop him, and he himself, accompanied by his brothers and many 
 of the nobility of the realm, came to Barton-upon-Humber unex- 
 pectedly, and crossed over the Humber to Hull. Having put a 
 strong party into the town to secure it to his interest, he proceeded 
 to York. The battle of Hexham quickly followed, in which Henry 
 was defeated. The people of Hull never shewed any feeling akin 
 to loyalty towards Edward IV. No sooner had Henry VI. resumed 
 his royal seat by the support of the Earl of Warwick, than they 
 again professed allegiance to the restored Monarch. And when 
 Edward landed at Kavenspurne, in 1471, with an army of 2,000 
 men, he marched by way of Beverley to York, without venturing to 
 attack Hull, being aware of the people's attachment to Henry. 
 
 In 1472 (12 Edw. IV.) Hull was visited by the plague, which 
 swept off a great number of the inhabitants, and amongst its victims 
 was John Whitfield, Esq., the chief magistrate. For four years the 
 disorder seemed to have ceased, but in 1476 it broke out again with 
 increased fury, and John Bichardson, Esq., the Mayor, was of the 
 number of its victims. Two years afterwards the fatal distemper 
 raged so violently that 1,580 persons died in a short time, and 
 Thomas Alcock, Esq., the Mayor, his wife, and all his children, 
 were of the number. 
 
 On the 17th of October, 1483, the proclamation of Bichard III., 
 declaring the Duke of Buckingham, the Marquis of Dorset, Sir 
 William Norreys, and others of the Duke's adherents, traitors, was 
 publicly read at Hull ; when a large reward was offered for the ap- 
 prehension of that nobleman. 
 
 Hull had no part in the rebellions during the reign of Henry VII.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. Gl 
 
 In the commencement of the reign of Henry VIII., that Monarch 
 appointed Commissioners to enquire what wrongs, oppressions, and 
 tyrannies had been committed in the late reign ; particularly by the 
 two favorites, Empson and Dudley. Henry, Earl of Northumber- 
 land, and several lords and knights joined in this commission, sat 
 in the Guild Hall, Hull, to receive complaints and information 
 against these two infamous ministers. In 1512, when James IV. 
 of Scotlaud broke his truce with the English monarch, and invaded 
 this country with a powerful army, Sir Richard Howard, Lord High 
 Admiral of England (who was sent to the north with a numerous 
 fleet), sailed up the Humber, and came to Hull, where he took in 
 numbers of volunteers, together with a large quantity of arms and 
 provisions. Soon after was fought the battle of Flodden Field, in 
 which the Scots were totally routed. In 1514 the King (Henry 
 VIII.) granted the manors of Hull, Myton, and Tupcoates (late the 
 property of the De la Poles) to Sir William Sydney, Knt., one of the 
 victorious commanders at Flodden Field ; but the King became 
 again lord of these manors, but by what means, whether by pur- 
 chase, exchange, or seizure, does not appear. 
 
 In 1515 (6 Hen. VIH.) the Prior of the adjacent Monastery of 
 Haltemprice demurred to the right of the Sheriff of Hull to exercise 
 his functions within the precincts or liberties of the monastery, 
 which he asserted comprehended the townships of Wolfreton and 
 Willerby, on the ground that although it was within the shire of 
 Hull, yet that it was within the lordship of Cottingham. To try 
 this question a suit was instituted in the Star Chamber, which was 
 eventually referred to the arbitration of the Abbot of Meaux, Sir 
 William Constable, and others, who determined in favour of the 
 Prior. Notwithstanding the above decision, the Sheriff, with about 
 200 of the inhabitants of Hull, proceeded, on the 6th of October, to 
 Wolfreton, to keep his turn as usual. The Prior, being previously 
 informed of his design, raised his tenants, armed his monks, and 
 resisted the approach of the Sheriff and his attendants. The Sheriff 
 and his party not being willing tamely to submit to this opposition, 
 used some insulting and abusive language, whereupon a cruel battle 
 ensued. For some time they fought with alternate success, and 
 victory fluctuated from side to side, till at length the monks gave
 
 62 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 way, and fled for sanctuary to the priory. Thither they were pur- 
 sued by the Sheriff and his party, threatening to pull down the 
 building ; and this, it is probable, they would have done, had not 
 the Mayor of Hull received timely intelligence of the affray, and 
 with about sixty horsemen, which he had hastily drawn together, 
 repaired to the scene of action, and prevented further mischief. To 
 obtain satisfaction, the Prior filed a bill in the Star Chamber against 
 the Sheriff and his party ; and indicted them, not only for a riot, 
 but as offenders against several statutes. These proceedings occa- 
 sioned various suits to commence, which continued for three years; 
 when at length the whole matter was left to the decision of John 
 Eland, Esq., Mayor, and George and Edward Maddison, Aldermen 
 of Hull, as the sole arbitrators of the contested affair. After mature 
 deliberation, they determined that if the monks, on their part, would 
 yield to the inhabitants of Hull all manner of right and claim they 
 had to the fresh-water springs of Anlaby, the Mayor and Burgesses, 
 on the other part, should give up to them the royalty of Willerby 
 and Newton. This decision was agreed to by both parties, and thus 
 all animosities, which had so long subsisted between them, entirely 
 ceased. 
 
 In the same year a dispute, between the Mayor of Hull and the 
 Prior of the Charter House, was amicably adjusted. The Mayor 
 claimed annually the sum of 6s. of the monks, and fealty for the 
 occupation of a lane, called Pole-street, running from the town's 
 moat, through the grounds called Trippett, to the Maison-dieu, near 
 the Priory, to which the ground belonged. This had long been a 
 matter of contention between the monks and the town, but the con- 
 troversy was ended by the former granting a lease of the said ground 
 to the Mayor and Commonalty, for the term of eighty-nine years, at 
 an annual rent of £4., renewable at the expiration of the said term. 
 
 In 1517 (8 Hen. VIII) the Rev. John Riplingham, D.D., Presi- 
 dent of the Beverley College, built a fish-shambles in Fish-street, 
 Hull, solely at his own expense ; and soon afterwards founded an 
 Hospital in Vicar-lane for twenty poor people. The King this year, 
 being engaged in a war with the French and the Scots, received of 
 the town of Hull, by way of loan, the sum of £265. lis. 4d. His 
 Majesty's letter of application for this loan, is amongst the records
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. C3 
 
 of the town ; as well as another letter, which he sent soon after, 
 thanking the inhabitants for their diligence in seizing some corn, 
 that was intended to be conveyed from this port to Scotland. In 
 1524, we are told by Frost, on the authority of De la Pryme's Index, 
 that the King incorporated by charter, a Company of Gild Mer- 
 chants, at Hull, called after the name of St. George. 
 
 Though great pains had been taken about the middle of the 
 fourteenth century, by elevating the roads, and repairing the banks, 
 to guard against the unusual swell of the tides, which prevailed for 
 some years in the Humber, yet in 1527 the tide rose to such a 
 height, as to overflow the banks, and much damage was done thereby, 
 both to the town and to the adjacent country. Even in the most 
 elevated parts of the town the waters rose at least one foot, and 
 the goods that were lodged in low rooms and warehouses, were 
 either destroyed or very materially injured ; all the low grounds, 
 for many miles round, were laid under water, and many farmers 
 were deprived of all their stock. 
 
 In 1534 (15 Hen. VIII), an Act of Parliament was passed, by 
 which provision was made for twenty-six suffragan Bishops, whose 
 office was to supply the places of the Bishops absent on embassies, 
 or other secular business ; and Hull was among the towns appoin- 
 ted for suffragan sees. Before the Keformation, these extraordinary 
 prelates, or assistant bishops, borrowed their titles in Partibus 
 Infideliwn, and they were commonly called Bishops in Partibus ; 
 but by the above statute they had English titles conferred upon 
 them. They were styled lords, but enjoyed neither baronies nor 
 jurisdiction. Their office was nearly the same with the chor- 
 episcopi, or bishops of the country in the primitive church ; but this 
 office had been discontinued for nine centuries, till it was now again 
 revived in England. The functions which these bishops were per- 
 mitted to perform before the Keformation, were, according to Strype, 
 as follows : — They confirmed children ; blessed altars, vestments, 
 and sacred vessels ; suspended profane and unconsecrated places, 
 and reconciled polluted churches and church-yards ; they conse- 
 crated and dedicated new churches and chapels ; they conferred the 
 minor orders, and blessed chrism and holy oil, and consecrated bells ; 
 and they likewise performed all prelatical duties in such monas-
 
 64 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 teries as were exempt from episcopal jurisdiction. There was no 
 distinct revenue provided for these suffragans by the act of Henry 
 VIII. ; but they being dignitaries of the church, were possessed of 
 considerable livings, the act allowing them to have two benefices, 
 with cure, for the better maintenance of their dignity. Queen 
 Mary restored the Bishops in Partibus, but Queen Elizabeth sup- 
 pressed them, and the replaced English titles continued almost till 
 the end of her reign. Dr. Brett, in a letter quoted by Tickell, says 
 that he has not met with the consecration of a suffragan Bishop 
 since 1592, when John Sterne was made Bishop of Colchester. 
 Bobert Purseglove, consecrated suffragan Bishop of Hull in 1552, 
 seems to have been the last of that order here. Before the disso- 
 lution of monasteries he had been Prior of Guisborough. He en- 
 joyed his episcopal dignity twenty-seven years, died in 1579, and 
 was buried in the parish church of Tideswell, in Derbyshire, the 
 place of his nativity. How many of these extraordinary prelates 
 have been consecrated to the see of Hull is not known, the archives 
 being silent on that head ; but as the Act was passed in 1534, and 
 John Sterne, the last of the suffragan bishops, was consecrated in 
 1592, a space of only fifty-eight years, it is evident there could not 
 be many. The Bishops of Hull had a palace in Bishop-lane, at the 
 east end, near High-street. It was mostly built of free stone, and 
 was adorned with pointed windows, and spacious gateways and lofty 
 towers. Bishop-lane was an appanage of the Archbishops of York, 
 and when the bishopric of Hull was created, this property was held 
 by the Bishops as a portion of their revenues. 
 
 The dispute between the people of Hull and Beverley, on account 
 of the latter claiming a free passage through the haven of Hull into 
 the river Humber, was again revived in 1534. The matter was, 
 however (after much litigation and expense), referred to the arbitra- 
 tion of the Abbot of Meaux, who at length awarded that the inhabi- 
 tants of Beverley should pay for every quarter of wheat one penny, 
 and one halfpenny for every quarter of other grain, if they anchored, 
 made fast, or laid within the haven of Kingston-upon-Hull. 
 
 The books of the Reformers, who had settled at Antwerp, having 
 been sent over to England in abundance, the Vicar of North Cave 
 appears to have become an early convert to the principles of the
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 65 
 
 Reformation ; for in a sermon which he preached in Holy Trinity 
 Church, Hull, in 1534, he openly espoused them. This sermon, 
 however, brought the preacher into trouble. He was accused and 
 convicted of heresy, and then recanted. By way of penance, he 
 walked on a Sunday round Holy Trinity Church, barefooted, in his 
 shirt, carrying a large faggot in his hand to denote the punishment 
 he was thought to have deserved ; and went through the same cere- 
 mony on the next market day, round the Market-place. This sub- 
 ject opens upon us the period of the Reformation. 
 
 The Dissolution of Religious Houses, which commenced in 1535, 
 excited a great sensation in Yorkshire, and all throughout the 
 northern counties. A strong spirit of discontent manifested itself 
 at Hull too, for all its religious institutions fell in the King's 
 first batch, their revenues being under £200. a year each. The 
 monasteries of Hull and its county were the White Friary, St. 
 Austin's Friary, the Carthusian Monastery, and the Priories of 
 Ferriby and Haltemprice. 
 
 Heretofore the King was a disputant on tenets of religion, with 
 Martin Luther, having written a book of controversy, still extant, 
 entitled, "A Defence of the Seven Sacraments, by King Henry 
 VIII. ;" for the merit of which the Pope and Sacred College granted 
 him the distinguished title of King Defender of the Faith — ■" Rex 
 Fidei Defensor." Thus it is clear that Henry was originally a 
 strenuous advocate of the ancient faith ; but the Pope's refusal to 
 grant him a divorce from his lawful wife, Catherine, excited his ire 
 to such a pitch, that he resolved to try whether acts of parliament 
 did not possess the talismanic power of deputing or constituting 
 himself head of the Church, instead of the Pope. Accordingly, in 
 1532, an Act was passed for extinguishing the payment of annates, 
 or first-fruits to the See of Rome, and was followed by another 
 statute, prohibiting the Pope from interfering in the nomination of 
 bishops ; and the parliament, which met in 1534, ratified and estab- 
 lished the King's claim of Supreme Head of the Church. Being now 
 satisfied with the flexibility of his parliament, and being either 
 aware that his revenues were not adequate to gratify his insatiable 
 propensity for diversions, feasting, gaming, and public shows ; or, 
 prompted by inordinate avarice, he next turned his thoughts to the 
 
 K
 
 66 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 religious and charitable institutions of the country, and first obtained 
 an Act for the suppression of the smaller monasteries.* He after- 
 wards ordered Articles of Alterations in Religious Doctrines to be ex- 
 hibited and signed. 
 
 Most of the larger monasteries were dissolved in 1540, and sur- 
 rendered to the King; and thus the foundations, made by the piety 
 and wisdom of our forefathers, for the benefit of religion, learning, 
 and the relief of the poor, lost the stability of their settlements, aud 
 were laid at the mercy of a cruel, dissolute, and licentious monarch ; 
 the "only Prince in modern times who carried judicial murder into 
 his bed, and imbrued his hands in the blood of those he caressed. "f 
 No one surely can suppose that in Henry's newly-acquired taste for 
 sacrilege and church plunder, he had any regard for religion or 
 God's honour \\ for, as Bishop Fisher truly said, " it is not so much 
 the good as the goods of the Church, that he looked after." And 
 although the confiscation was a deserved vengeance, if the gifts of 
 the pious founders were being abused, yet it " was an increase of 
 guilt in the King and parliament, who, by not preventing the abuse, 
 had made themselves partakers in the sin." 
 
 The Kev. John Tickell, in his History of Kingston-upon-Hidl, 
 says (pp. 180, 181), " The monks were historians, the abbots excel- 
 lent landlords ; and in general they were remarkable for an universal 
 hospitality. In order, however, that the suppression of the monas- 
 teries might be received with less concern, Henry made use of an 
 
 * Bishop Tanner in his Notilia (p. 23) says, that the Act for the suppression of the 
 lesser monasteries was passed about March, 1535. Spelman, in his History of Sa- 
 crilege (p. 183), tells us, that the bill stuck long in the House of Commons, and 
 would not pass, till the King sent for the members of that house, and told them he 
 would have the bill pass, or have some of their heads. 
 
 + Mc'Intosh's History of England. 
 
 I " Men gave their lands, as they declared in the deed of gift, ' for the glory of 
 God,' and they charged what they so gave with the maintenance of masses ; if re- 
 formation had been desired, this condition would have been repealed ; but this would 
 not have gorged that fatal covetousness, which, by confiscating the endowments, ran 
 headlong into the guilt of sacrilege. But again, was all the confiscated property of 
 the nature above described? Our own experience can answer. Were the tithes (now 
 impropriated) of much more than half the parishes of England, given to superstitious 
 uses? Were the glebe lands, and glebe houses, of our poor vicarages (now in the 
 hands of laymen), superstitious and unholy things? This part at least of the spoil 
 was taken strictly from the clergy." — Wilberforce.
 
 IIISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 07 
 
 artifice. He caused a report to be spread (continues Tickell), that the 
 kingdom was going to be invaded by several princes, at the instiga- 
 tion of the Pope and Cardinal Fole; and he confirmed this report, 
 by going in person to visit the coasts, and commanding forts and 
 redoubts to be erected in several places. He likewise gave strict 
 orders to fit out a strong fleet, and keep the troops in readiness to 
 march upon the first notice. The King's intent, in all these pro- 
 ceedings, was to convince the people that the parliament would be 
 obliged to levy heavy taxes to resist the pretended invasion ; but 
 that he, acquiring a large revenue by the suppression of the monas- 
 teries, would have no occasion for such subsidies."* 
   The supporters of the confiscation painted, in most attractive 
 colours, the advantages of the bill, which vested in the Crown " all 
 the property, moveable and immoveable, of the monastic establish- 
 ments which either had already been, or should hereafter be, sup- 
 pressed, abolished, or surrendered." The social condition of Eng- 
 land was to undergo a vast transformation — pauperism and taxa- 
 tion were to terminate — future wars would be waged without any 
 additional burthens on the nation, and all apprehensions of danger 
 from foreign hostility and internal discontent were to cease. How 
 the future realized the hopes of the royal parasites, except in en- 
 riching them at the expense of the monasteries, history can tell. 
 Pauperism soon flooded the country ; and the King, instead of 
 diminishing the national burthens, demanded compensation for the 
 expenses he incurred in the reformation of religion ! Within twelve 
 months after the religious houses were despoiled he wrested two 
 subsidies from parliament. How the property of the monasteries 
 was spent we have accounts in the chroniclers of the day. Accor- 
 ding to Bale, an ardent reformer, " a great part of this treasure was 
 turned to the upholding of dice playing, masking, and banqueting — 
 yea (he continues), I would I could not by just occasion speak it 
 
 — bribing, wh , and swearing." 
 
 The annual rents of the 380 lesser establishments, which were 
 dissolved in 1535, amounted to £32,000. ; and the goods, lands, 
 plate, &c, belonging to these houses, were valued at £100,000., but 
 
 * Tickell's authorities are Stowe, Burnet, Lord Herbert, and Stevens's History 
 of Taxes.
 
 68 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 are said to have been worth three times that sum. By the sup- 
 pression of the greater monasteries, in 1540, the King gained a 
 revenue of more than £100,000. a year. The reverend historian, 
 before quoted, states the clear annual revenue of all the suppressed 
 houses amounted to £152,517. 18s. lOd. This was about one- 
 and-twentieth part of the whole rental of the kingdom, if Hume be 
 correct in taking that rental at three millions, as the rents were 
 then valued. Burnet says that they were at least ten times as 
 much in value ; for the abbots and priors, having some presentiment 
 of the impending storm, had fixed the yearly rents very low, and 
 raised the fines very high, that they might have something to sub- 
 sist on when they should be expelled their houses. Besides the 
 rents of the lands belonging to the monasteries, Henry received 
 very large sums arising from the church-ornaments, plate, goods, 
 lead, bells, and other materials, which he thought it not proper to 
 have valued at all. 
 
 Lord Herbert, in his History of this rapacious Monarch, tells us 
 that many of the visitors appointed to examine into the state of the 
 monasteries, petitioned the King that some few of them might be 
 suffered to remain for the benefit of the country at large ; the poor 
 receiving from them great relief, and the rich good education for 
 their children ; and Bishop Latimer also earnestly entreated that, 
 at least, two or three might be left standing in every county, to be 
 nurseries for charity, learning, preaching, study, and prayer. But 
 Cromwell, by the King's direction, invaded all, nor could he be 
 prevailed upon to leave one of them standing. 
 
 The ill-gotten wealth which Henry had obtained from the sup- 
 pressed abbeys, friaries, nunneries, and monasteries (and which he 
 pretended was not to be converted to private uses, but to fill his 
 exchequer and relieve his subjects, who were led to believe that 
 they should never hereafter be charged with subsidies, fifteenths, 
 loans, or other aids), was very soon lavished away; and the ex- 
 chequer being reduced, he again demanded subsidies both of the 
 clergy and laity. Accordingly, the Parliament, which sat in No- 
 vember, 1545, granted him a subsidy of two shillings in the pound, 
 and the convocation of the province of Canterbury, granted him 
 a continuation of a former subsidy of six shillings in the pound.
 
 HISTORY OF KINOSTON-UPON-HULL. 69 
 
 Besides there were yet in the kingdom several colleges, free chapels, 
 chantries, hospitals, and fraternities ; and as Henry had demanded 
 a subsidy, this obsequious parliament, apprehensive that further 
 demands might be made, very liberally and generously gave them 
 all to him ; with all their sites, buildings, riches, lands, possessions, 
 &c, amounting to many thousand pounds a year. After his com- 
 pliant parliament had granted all this, Henry came to the House 
 and thanked his faithful Commons for what they had done, telling 
 them "that never King was more blessed than he was; and at the 
 same time he assured them that he should take proper care for the 
 supplying of the ministers, for encouraging learning, and relieving 
 the poor."* 
 
 The suppression of the monasteries, and the appropriation of the 
 property of the Church and the patrimony of the poor to " the King's 
 Majesty's use;" the turning out of so many priests, monks, nuns, 
 sick and aged people, to starve, or beg their bread, so exasperated 
 the people of the northern counties, who retained a strong attach- 
 ment to the ancient doctrines, that in 1530 a large multitude rose in 
 open rebellion, and demanded the redress of these grievances ; that 
 is, the re-establishment of the Catholic religion and the monastic 
 institutions. The first who appeared in arms were the men of 
 Lincolnshire, under the guidance of Dr. Makerel, Prior of Burlings, 
 who had assumed the name of Captain Cobler ; and so formidable 
 was their force, that the Duke of Suffolk, the royal commander, 
 deemed it more prudent to negociate than to fight. In the five 
 other counties, the insurrection had assumed a more formidable 
 appearance. From the borders of Scotland to the Humber, the 
 inhabitants had generally bound themselves by oath to stand by each 
 other. 
 
 Nor was the insurrection long confined to the common people. 
 Bapin and others tell us that the nobility and gentry, the former 
 patrons of the dissolved houses, had joined the standard of revolt.f 
 The Archbishop of York, the Lords Neville, D'Arcy, Lumley, and 
 Latimer; Sir Bobert Constable, Sir John Bulmer, Sir Stephen 
 Hamilton, Sir Thomas Percy, brother of the Earl of Northumber- 
 
 * Burnet. + Eapin, vol. i., p. 185.
 
 70 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 land, and many other knights and gentlemen of the north were 
 amongst the insurgents. The real leaders seem not to have been 
 known, but the rebels, amounting in number to upwards of 40,000 
 men, were under the nominal command of Richard or Robert Aske, 
 of Aughton, a gentleman of considerable fortune and influence in 
 Yorkshire; and the enterprise was quaintly termed the Pilgrimage 
 of Grace. The oath taken by the "pilgrims" was, "that they 
 should enter into this pilgrimage for the love which they bore to 
 Almighty God, his Faith, the Holy Church, and the maintenance 
 thereof; the preservation of the King's person and issue ; the puri- 
 fying of the nobility, and expulsion of villein blood and evil coun- 
 sellors from his grace and privy council ; not for any private profit, 
 nor to do displeasure to any private person, nor to slay or murder 
 through envy, but to put away all fears, and to take afore them the 
 Cross of Christ, his Faith, and the restitution of the Church, and the 
 suppression of heretics and their opinions." On their banners were 
 painted the Crucifixion of our Saviour, and the chalice and host, the. 
 emblems of their belief. A number of ecclesiastics marched at the 
 head of the army, in the habits of their order, carrying crosses in 
 their hands, and wearing on their sleeves an emblem of the five 
 wounds of Christ, with the name of Jesus wrought in the middle. 
 Wherever the pilgrims appeared, the ejected monks were replaced in 
 their monasteries, and the inhabitants were compelled to take the 
 oath, and to join the army. Henry immediately issued commissions 
 to several lords to levy troops, but from the backwardness of the 
 people, the army was not sufficiently strong to oppose the insurgents. 
 Aske, in the meantime, did not remain inactive. He divided his 
 army into separate divisions — one of which took possession of Pon- 
 tefract Castle, whilst another division made themselves masters of 
 the city of York ; and a third, under the command of one Hallam, 
 took Hull by surprise, and repossessed the ejected monks and friars 
 of their houses. The triumph of the insurgents was however of 
 short duration, as they were soon dispersed, and the ringleaders of 
 the party that attacked Hull, were subsequently tried by a special 
 commission at that place; and were convicted of rebellion, and ex- 
 ecuted there. Mr. William Rogers, Mayor of the town, Alderman 
 Eland, and Mr. Knowles, who were instrumental in seizing Hallam
 
 HISTOltY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 71 
 
 and others of the party, as well as in dispersing the rebels who had 
 possession of Hull, soon after received the honour of Knighthood 
 from the King, and were amply rewarded for their services. 
 
 The King issued a proclamation, in which he told the rebels that 
 they ought no more to pretend to give judgment with regard to 
 government, than a blind man with regard to colours : — " And we, 
 (he added) with our whole council, think it right strange that ye, 
 who are but brutes, and inexpert folks, do take upon you to appoint 
 us, who be meet or not for our council." 
 
 Aske, at the head of 30,000 men, then hastened to obtain posses- 
 sion of Doncaster. The Earl of Shrewsbury, though without any 
 commission, armed his tenantry, and threw himself into the town ; 
 he was soon joined by the Duke of Norfolk, the King's lieutenant, 
 with a small army of 5,000 men, and a battery of cannon was erected 
 to protect the bridge. The Duke encamped near the town, and 
 entered into a negociation with the rebels, who had taken their 
 stand at Scawsby Leas. On the 20th of October, 1536, the Duke 
 sent a herald with a proclamation to the insurgents; Aske, sitting 
 in state, with the Archbishop of York on the one hand, and Lord 
 D'Arcy on the other, gave the herald an audience, but on hearing 
 the contents of the proclamation, he refused to allow it to be pub- 
 lished to the army. Henry, who was now greatly alarmed, issued 
 a proclamation, commanding all the nobility to meet him at North- 
 ampton. Meanwhile the insurgents advanced towards the detach- 
 ment commanded by the Duke of Norfolk, which was stationed to 
 defend the bridge that formed the pass between the two armies.* 
 A most fortunate circumstance for the King occurred at this junc- 
 ture. The river Don, which was fordable in several places, was now 
 so swollen by a heavy rain that it was impossible to effect a passage 
 over it ; had it been otherwise, the royal army must have been de- 
 feated—though, under the circumstances, it is impossible to say 
 what might have been the consequence, for the Duke, though en- 
 trusted with the command of the royal forces, was averse to the 
 alterations made in religion, and it could not, therefore, be agreeable 
 to him to oppose men who were defending a cause which he secretly 
 
 * Eapin, vol. i., p. 815. Hall, 239. Stowe, 574
 
 72 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 approved- Yet, it is probable that he would have done his duty, as 
 he afterwards did it, as will be seen further on. 
 
 During these protracted negotiations, the King was enabled to 
 strengthen his army, which so alarmed many of the rebels, that 
 they, suspecting they were betrayed by their leaders, withdrew 
 themselves from the cause. Wearied at length by the delays in the 
 negotiation, the main body of the rebels, which still remained in 
 their camp, resolved to renew hostilities, and to attack the royal 
 army at Doncaster ; but this, however, was prevented by another 
 violent rain, which rendered the river impassable. 
 
 Henry now sent a general pardon for the insurgents who should 
 lay down their arms, excepting only ten persons, six of whom were 
 named, and four not named. This offer was rejected, and after 
 many delays and tedious negotiations, the King proposed that the 
 rebels should send deputies to treat for peace. This proposal was 
 accepted, and a conference was held at Doncaster on the 6th of De- 
 cember ; but the conference was broke up without producing any 
 effect. The Duke of Norfolk advised the King to comply with, at 
 least, some of the demands. Henry therefore promised that their 
 grievances should be patiently discussed at the next parliament, 
 which, he agreed, was to be held at York ; and he also offered a 
 general pardon to the rebels. Aske and other leaders accepted the 
 King's offer, and the treaty being concluded, the insurgents imme- 
 diately dispersed. Henry, freed from his apprehensions, neglected 
 to redeem his promise, and in less than two months the " pilgrims " 
 were again in arms; but the Duke of Norfolk, with a more numer- 
 ous force overpowered them, after they had failed in two successive 
 attempts to surprise Hull and Carlisle. 
 
 In 1537 the rebellion broke out in the north and east of York- 
 shire, in the neighbourhood of Scarborough, and other places, headed 
 by Sir Francis Bigot and others. The rebels marched in a body 
 towards Hull, but Sir Ralph Ellerker and Sir John Constable, who 
 resided in the neighbourhood, hearing of their intention of attacking 
 the place, collected some forces, threw themselves into the town, 
 shut the gates, and determined to defend it to the uttermost. 
 Scarce were they entered into the town than the rebels appeared 
 before it, and being exasperated that their design of securing it was
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 73 
 
 defeated, they revenged themselves on the surrounding wind mills, 
 all of which they set on fire. After this effort of revenge they laid 
 close siege to the town for several days, and in very haughty and 
 menacing language demanded entrance. The garrison, however, 
 despising their threats, gave them an absolute denial, and after 
 some fruitless attempts to reduce the fortress, they raised the siege 
 and retreated. Mr. John Harrison, the Mayor, Sir Kalph Ellerker, 
 and Sir John Constable, with a strong party of the townsmen, pur- 
 sued them, fell upon their rear, slew several, and took many pris- 
 oners. The rebels had no sooner raised the siege than Sir Kobert 
 Constable and some others, who had favoured the insurrections, 
 made use of a stratagem, and entering the town disguised as mar- 
 ket people, yet secretly armed, they seized the gates, let in the re- 
 mainder of their followers, and secured the town. Sir Robert as- 
 sumed the title of Governor, sent ships into foreign parts for forces 
 to assist him, imprisoned such persons as he suspected to be un- 
 favourable to his designs, and provided and laid up stores of pro- 
 visions, ammunition, and whatever else was necessary to maintain 
 and support them against a siege. Thus he continued master of 
 the fortress for about a month, but receiving intelligence that his 
 partisans in the country were either slain, dispersed, or taken pri- 
 soners, by the King's forces, his fortitude entirely abandoned him, 
 and he and the most faithful of his party exhibited great distraction 
 and consternation. The loyal magistrates and inhabitants of Hull 
 seized a favourable opportunity of recovering the town, fell upon the 
 rebel Governor and his unfortunate adherents in the middle of the 
 night, and quite overpowered and secured them. The Duke of 
 Norfolk was commissioned to examine and try those unhappy pri- 
 soners at Hull, and many of them were executed, several being 
 hanged and quartered. Sir Robert Constable, as being their chief, 
 was hung in chains over the Beverley Gate. 
 
 Lord D'Arcy, Robert Aske, and many other leaders in the Pil- 
 grimage of Grace rebellion were taken, condemned, and executed. 
 D Arcy was beheaded on Tower Hill, in London ; the Abbots of 
 Fountains, Jervaulx, and Rivaulx, and the Prior of Bridlington, 
 and others, suffered at Tyburn ; Aske was suspended from a tower at 
 York — probably Clifford's Tower; and seventy-four of the officers
 
 74 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 were hung on the walls of Carlisle. Thus was the insurrection, or 
 series of insurrections, effectually quelled, and Henry's authority 
 proportionately increased. Muskets are said to have been first used 
 in this rebellion. 
 
 The King's anger being satiated with the blood of the chief 
 rebels, he issued out a general pardon to all the northern counties, 
 excepting, however, twenty-two persons, most of whom were taken, 
 and actually suffered in one place or another. 
 
 In this year (1587) the Corporation of Hull, fearing that the 
 King might be tempted to seize the Corporation plate (which was 
 worth several hundred pounds sterling, in the same manner in 
 which he had served the religious houses a little before), unani- 
 mously agreed to dispose of it by public auction, and to apply the 
 money so raised, to defray the expenses of their representatives in 
 parliament, to repair the Church of the Holy Trinity, and to other 
 public and necessary uses. 
 
 The insurrections being entirely quelled, the King made a progress 
 to the north, in August, 1541, and visited Hull unexpectedly, ac- 
 companied by his Queen (Catherine Howard), and attended by a 
 train of courtiers. The Sheriff, we are told by Tickell, with a nu- 
 merous train of gentlemen, met his Majesty with his retinue "at 
 the boarded bridge near Newland, on the confines of the county,"* 
 
 * Hadley says that the boarded bridge was "towards Newland — probably now 
 Stepney." Tickell is in error when he states that Newland was " the confines of the 
 county." The old boundary line of the county of Hull, or Hullshire, as far as the 
 town is concerned, was identical with the boundary of the parish of Sculcoates. 
 Commencing at the river Hull, near to the Charter House, it ran along the south 
 side of Charter House-lane, by the west wall of the garden of the residence of the 
 Master of the Charter House, and the west side of St. Mary's burying ground; 
 along the east side of Paradise-row, straightforward to the centre of the Old (now 
 Queen's) Dock; southward through the centre of the dock, diverging, about the 
 middle of it, to the north, nearly as far as Dock-street; returning again to the 
 centre of the dock and pursuing its course southward; crossing St. John's-street, it 
 enters Waterworks-street, abruptly turns into Engine-street and down Carr-lane, and 
 through Chariot-street and Waltham-street towards Albion-street, running along the 
 back of the Pioyal Institution and of Story-street, and thus into Prospect-street. It3 
 course then lay through the latter street and Spring-row, and along the east side of 
 the (then open) Spring Bank into the country. None of the district north of this 
 boundary belonged to the county of Hull, consequently neither Stepney nor New- 
 land were included in it. Thus, it is seen that Hullshire was a long narrow strip of 
 land on the bank of the Humber.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 75 
 
 and the royal cavalcade was received at the Beverley Gate by the 
 Mayor and Aldermen in their scarlet robes. The usual formalities 
 over, the procession proceeded, amidst the acclamations of the popu- 
 lace, to the Manor Hall, then the Mayor's residence. After re- 
 maining in Hull three days, during which time they partook of the 
 hospitalities of the Corporation, and his Majesty received from the 
 Mayor, in the name of the town, a present of £100., the royal per- 
 sonages and their courtiers set out for York, where Henry stayed 
 for twelve days, in expectation of seeing his nephew, James V., King 
 of Scotland, whom he had summoned to attend him, in order to 
 settle, if possible, a lasting peace. On the 29th of September, 
 Henry, disappointed and enraged at the refusal of the Scottish King 
 to meet him, left York abruptly, and that night the royal visitants 
 lodged at Leckonfield, the seat of the Earl of Northumberland. 
 The next day, being that appointed for the election of a new Mayor, 
 the inhabitants of Hull, having no idea that their Sovereign was so 
 near, were assembled in the Town Hall in order to proceed to the 
 election, when a messenger announced that his Majesty intended 
 that day to dine in the town. The people were surprised at this 
 unexpected intelligence, and on Mr. Thomas Dalton being suddenly 
 elected to the office, he, fearing he might have some difficulty in 
 discharging the duties, not only refused to stand, but immediately 
 left the hall, and proceeded, with many others, to meet the King. 
 On his arrival in the town, Henry, being informed of the matter, 
 ordered the Corporation to re-assemble, and to proceed to a fresh 
 election ; he commanded farther, that Sir John Elland, Knt. (who 
 had served the office three times before), should be nominated, with 
 Mr. Dalton and his opponent, as a candidate for the office, which 
 being doue, the King honoured Sir John with his vote, who was, 
 after so open an interposition of the Monarch, no doubt unanimously 
 elected. His Majesty immediately took his sword from his side, and 
 presented it to the Mayor elect, in honour of the Corporation at 
 large, and the remaining part of the day was spent in feasting and 
 recreation. This sword is still in the possession of the Corporation. 
 The next morning the King took an accurate view of the town, 
 and having shaken off all submission to Rome, he was somewhat 
 jealous of certain parties ; therefore, for the greater strength and
 
 76 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 security of this important place, he gave orders for erecting a Castle, 
 and two strong Blockhouses, and other fortifications, on the east 
 side of the river Hull. He also ordered that the bridge now called 
 the North Bridge be built, so as to have ready access to these forti- 
 fications from the town ; and among the other improvements which 
 he commanded to be made, was the cutting of a new canal for fresh 
 water from Newland to Hull, and the putting in thorough repair, as 
 well as fortifying, the stately Manor Hall, formerly called Suffolk 
 Palace (See p. 52.) The manor of Hull being the property of the 
 Crown, the King defrayed the expense of these alterations. About 
 this time Henry caused castles and other defences to be erected with 
 all possible speed in all needful places throughout the realm. 
 
 The following is recorded. When Henry was at this time in 
 Hull, hearing that the Lord Wake of Cottingham had a beautiful 
 ■wife, he sent a message to his lordship, that he would the next day 
 visit him ; but the amorous monarch was disappointed in his in- 
 tention ; for that very same night, Baynard Castle was burnt to the 
 ground. Lord Wake — having seen the impracticability of declining 
 or evading the intended honour ; and knowing that if the charms of 
 his lady should make an impression on the heart of his royal visitor, 
 disgrace, and perhaps imprisonment, or even death, would be his 
 certain lot — determined to preserve his honour, and the virtue of 
 his wife, at the expense of his property. He therefore sallied forth 
 at dead of night, with his wife on his arm, and gave private orders 
 to his steward to fire the castle. His commands were obeyed so 
 effectually, that in the morning nothing remained of this noble 
 mansion but a black pile of smouldering ruins. The tidings were 
 conveyed to Henry, that the castle had been consumed by accidental 
 flames ; and the King exhibited his sympathy for the unfortunate 
 nobleman, by offering to give him the sum of £2,000. towards re- 
 building it : an offer which his lordship politely declined. 
 
 Such is a brief outline of the story as related by the local histo- 
 rians, but it appears to be little more than a romantic fiction. 
 Leland journeyed to Cottingham in 1538 (three years before the 
 visit of Henry to Hull), and he states, in his Itinerary, that he " saw 
 where" this Castle stood, "dobell diked and moated," and "of the
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UrON-HUIX. 77 
 
 which now nothing remaynith." Besides, there was no "Lord 
 Wake," a peer of the realm at the date to which the story refers. 
 
 After remaining five days in Hull, King Henry and his retinue 
 crossed the Humber to Barrow-haven, whence they proceeded to 
 Thornton Abbey, in Lincolnshire. The monks met the royal party 
 in solemn procession, and entertained them splendidly in that very 
 monastery which, a very short time after, Henry obliged them to 
 relinquish ; and commanded even the edifice itself, one of the most 
 splendid buildings in Lincolnshire, to be laid in ruins. 
 
 Soon after the King's arrival in London, he appointed Sir Bichard 
 Long, Knt, to be Governor of Hull; and Michael Stanhope, Esq., 
 to be his lieutenant, with power to levy forces whenever occasion 
 required. These appointments were intended for the greater se- 
 curity and defence of the town, till the Castle and fortifications were 
 finished. 
 
 In 1545 Henry suppressed the colleges, chapels, chantries, hos- 
 pitals, and fraternities, and seized their revenues. Amongst the 
 hospitals whose foundations were dissolved at Hull, four of them, 
 namely Gregg's and Biplingham's Hospitals, the Trinity House, 
 and the Charter House, were refounded in the succeeding reign, 
 and remain even to this day. In the same year Hull was erected 
 into a Boyal Honour, during the life of the King, by act of parlia- 
 ment ; as was also Westminster, St. Osyth, &c. This distinction 
 was lost at the death of Henry in the following year. 
 
 Towards the latter end of his reign, Henry became more arbitrary 
 in spirituals and temporals ; and having long indulged without re- 
 straint in the pleasures of the table, he became so enormously cor- 
 pulent that he could neither support the weight of his own body, 
 nor remove without the aid of machinery into the different apart- 
 ments of his palace. Even the fatigue of subscribing his name to 
 the writings which required his signature was more than he could 
 bear ; and three Commissioners were appointed to perform that duty. 
 An inveterate ulcer in the thigh, which had more than once threat- 
 ened his life, and which now seemed to baffle all the skill of his 
 surgeons, added to the irascibility of his temper; and in the latter 
 part of the year 1546, his health was rapidly declining. In his last 
 illness, according to one account, he was constantly attended by his
 
 78 HISTORY OF KINGSTOX-UPON-HULL. 
 
 confessor, the Bishop of Rochester, heard mass daily in his chamber, 
 and received the communion under one kind ; another account states 
 that he died in the anguish of despair; and a third represents him 
 refusing spiritual aid till he could only reply to the exhortation of 
 the Archbishop by a squeeze of the hand. As the awful hour of his 
 dissolution approached, we are told by Burnet, that he became more 
 fro ward, imperious, and untractable than ever. His courtiers durst 
 not remind him of the change he was shortly to undergo, or desire 
 him to prepare himself for it. At length, Burnet says, Sir Anthony 
 Denny had the courage and honesty to disclose it to him ; the King 
 expressed his sorrow for the sins of his past life, and said he trusted 
 in the mercies of Christ, which were greater than his sins. He 
 died at Westminster, on Friday, the 28th of January, 1547, in the 
 56th year of his age, and 38th of his reign, leaving behind him the 
 terrible character, that throughout his long reign he neither spared 
 man in his anger, nor woman in his lust. By his will he provided 
 for the interment of his body, the celebration of masses, and the 
 distribution of alms for the benefit of his soul.* This will or tes- 
 tament is now deposited in the Chapter House, Westminster. 
 
 In 1551 Edward VI., in consideration of the great loyalty of the 
 inhabitants of Hull, both to himself and his ancestors, granted to 
 the burgesses the entire manor of the town, with all its members 
 and appurtenances ; the sixth part of that of Sutton ; the patronage 
 of the Charter House Hospital, together with all the messuages, 
 lands, tenements, mills, meadows, pastures, rents, revenues, waters, 
 fisheries, tolls, markets, customs, natives and villains, both male 
 and female, in and over the town and county of Kingston-upon-Hull, 
 and all the towns belonging thereunto, and in Sutton, Sudcoates, 
 Stoneferry, Roxton, &c. He likewise gave and confirmed to the 
 
 * The body of Henry lay in state in the Chapel of Whitehall, which was hung with 
 black cloth; eighty large black tapers were kept constantly burning; twelve lords 
 mourners sat around within a rail ; and every day masses and a dirge were performed. 
 At the commencement of the service, Norroy, King-at-arms, called aloud : " Of your 
 charity, pray for the soul of the high and mighty Prince, our late Sovereign Lord, 
 Henry VIII." On the 14th of February the body was removed to Sion House, on 
 the 15th to Windsor, and the nest day was interred in the midst of the choir, near 
 the body of Jane Seymour. Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, preached the sermon 
 and read the funeral service, which concluded with the Psalm " De prof and is." See 
 Sandford, 492; Strype, 2; Kec. iii., 17; Hayward, 275.
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UTON-IIUTX. 79 
 
 Corporation the custody and charge of the Castle and Blockhouses, 
 and appointed them to be keepers and governors of the same ; the 
 Mayor and Burgesses agreeing to keep them in sufficient repair, at 
 their own cost. 
 
 That singular and fatal malady called the Sweating Sickness, this 
 year ravaged the kingdom, and its dreadful effects were severely felt 
 in this town. The number of its victims was very great, but how 
 many is not particularly recorded. This frightful plague made its 
 first appearance at Shrewsbury on the 15th of April, in this year, 
 and spreading towards the north, continued till the month of October 
 following. People in perfect health were the most liable to be seized 
 with it, and, in the beginning of the distemper, it was almost certain 
 death in a few hours. Stowe instances its awful fatality, by seven 
 householders, who all supped cheerfully together over night, but 
 before eight o'clock the next morning, six of them were dead. So 
 great was the fear generally excited by this alarming disorder, that 
 great numbers fled out of the kingdom, hoping to escape the con- 
 tagion ; but, however incredible it may appear, the most veritable 
 historians positively assure us, that the evil followed them, and was 
 peculiar to the English ; for, in various parts of the continent, though 
 breathing a purer air amongst men of different nations, the infection 
 seized them, and them only. Through this circumstance the disease 
 was called by foreigners the Sudor Anglicus, or English Sweat, for 
 none but the English suffered from it. It first manifested itself in 
 a sudden chilliness, immediately followed by violent perspiration, 
 which brought on sleep, and terminated in death. No medicine was 
 found to be of any service, but the use of a little warm liquor, and 
 keeping the patient awake for about thirty hours, was often found 
 efficacious. Few escaped who were attacked with full stomachs. 
 This disease, says Hollinshed, made the nation begin to repent, and 
 give alms, and remember God, from whom that plague might well 
 seem to be sent, as a scourge for the sins of the people ; but the im- 
 pression, it seems, very soon wore out; for as the contagion in time 
 ceased, so, continues he, our devotion decayed. 
 
 In 1563 (1 Mary) a long pending suit between the inhabitants of 
 the towns of Hull and Beverley — the people of the latter place 
 having refused to pay the toll demanded of them for their vessels
 
 80 HISTOBT OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 which passed through the bridge at Hull — was left to the decision 
 of Robert Constable, Esq., of Hotham, and three other gentlemen. 
 Both parties bound themselves in an obligation of £200. to submit 
 and stand by their award. The event was unfavourable to the town 
 of Hull, for it was awarded that the Mayor and Burgesses should 
 for ever in future permit, not only the vessels belonging to Beverley, 
 but also the vessels of all other towns adjoining the river, freely to 
 pass through the bridge with their masts standing, if they thought 
 proper to pass in that manner. 
 
 The Cloth Hall of Hull was let this year to John Thornton, Esq., 
 Mayor, for a term of forty years, at the yearly rental of £6. 13s. 4d. 
 In former times all the cloths brought here were examined in this 
 hall before they were exposed to sale by strangers, under the penalty 
 of 3s. 8d. for every neglect. This custom had for some time been 
 discontinued, but was now revived. 
 
 Mary's short reign passed over without making any important 
 additions to the records of Hull, and it does not appear that any 
 person was executed there, either for treason or religion, during all 
 the reign; indeed the rapid and repeated changes in religion, under 
 Edward, Mary, and Elizabeth, seem to have excited here no very 
 material sensation. 
 
 In 1559 (2 Eliz.) an obstinate gentleman of the name of Gregory, 
 was chosen Sheriff of Hull, but from some motive not recorded, 
 he refused to fulfil the duties of the office. The magistrates rep- 
 resented the matter to the Queen in Council, and he was ordered 
 to be fined in the sum of £100., as well as disfranchised and turned 
 out of the town ; all which was executed accordingly. In 1561 the 
 keys of all the staiths were ordered to be brought to the Mayor 
 nightly. 
 
 In October, 1569, the Lord Regent of Scotland (Lord Morton), 
 and Henry Carey Lord Hunsdon (cousin to Queen Elizabeth) and 
 several Scottish noblemen, came to this town on their way to Lon- 
 don, and were nobly entertained for two days. About the same 
 time the Earl of Sussex, Lord President, and Lieutenant-General 
 of all her Majesty's forces in the north, spent some days in Hull. 
 The principal object of his visit was to survey the state of the forti- 
 fications, and to examine whether the town was in a fit condition to
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULIi. 81 
 
 withstand a foreign invasion. He ordered the walls and gates, 
 which were at that time in a bad condition, to be immediately re- 
 paired, and the moat to be cleaned out. 
 
 In this year the Catholics made their last public attempt in the 
 north to restore their religion, by assembling, to the number of 1,000 
 horse and 4,000 foot, under the command of Thomas Percy, Earl of 
 Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland. The 
 first object of the insurgents was to release the Queen of Scots from 
 Tetbury, and endeavour to extort from Elizabeth a declaration that 
 she (Mary) was next heir to the throne. The proclamations which 
 they published, stated that they did not intend to attempt anything 
 against the Queen, to whom they avowed unshaken allegiance. 
 Her Majesty is surrounded, says one of these documents, " by divers 
 newe set-upp nobles, who not onlie go aboute to overthrow and put 
 down the ancient nobilitie of the realme, but also have misused the 
 Quene's Majistie's owne personne, and also have by the space of 
 twelve yeares nowe past set upp and mayntayned a new-found re- 
 ligion and heresie, contrary to God's word." Wherefore they called 
 upon all true Englishmen to join with them in their attempt to re- 
 store the crown, the nobility, and the worship of God, to their 
 former estate. Their first demonstration was made at Durham, 
 where they had a mass celebrated in the Cathedral before several 
 thousand people, and where they threw down the communion-table, 
 and tore the English prayer books into pieces. Thence they marched 
 forward to Staindrop, Darlington, Kiehmond, and Eipon, restoring 
 the ancient service in each place. At the latter town they assem- 
 bled round the market cross on the 18th of November, and after 
 putting Sir William Ingilby, who had opposed them, to flight, they 
 proceeded to Knaresborough, Wetherby, York, and Barnard Castle. 
 To the latter place they laid siege. The rebels sent a party to sur- 
 prise Hull, where, it is said, they expected to receive considerable 
 aids from abroad. They had corrupted a party in the town, the 
 chief of whom was one Smith, who had engaged, in the night time, 
 to throw open the gates, and admit the insurgents. But before they 
 could put their designs into execution, the plot was discovered; 
 Smith was apprehended, and upon examination confessed all he 
 
 M
 
 82 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 knew of the affair, and discovered his accomplices, who were all 
 immediately secured, and the design was thus prevented. 
 
 The failure of this insurrection involved many of those engaged 
 in it, in ruin. On Good Friday, in the year 1570, several of them 
 were " hanged, drawn, and quartered " at York, and their heads 
 were placed upon the gates of that city. The Earl of Westmorland 
 escaped to Flanders, but the Earl of Northumberland was beheaded 
 at York. Hume tells us that great severity was exercised against 
 such as had taken part in these rash enterprises ; no less than sixty- 
 six of them were hanged in Durham ; and about 800 persons are 
 said, in the whole, to have suffered by the hands of the executioner. 
 Between Newcastle and Wetherby, a distance of sixty miles in length 
 by forty in breadth, there was not a town or village in which some 
 of the inhabitants did not expire on the gibbet. In this last attempt 
 to re-establish the ancient creed, some of the leaders are supposed 
 to have entertained the design of placing on the throne Mary, the 
 Scottish Queen, then a prisoner in England. 
 
 Some years after the reformed religion had been firmly established 
 in this kingdom, the Eev. John Tickell tells us, that " the sins of 
 fornication and adultery were so prevalent at Hull, that the magis- 
 trates were obliged to issue out the strictest orders relative to those 
 vices, and use all the means in their power to suppress them. They 
 even (he continues) wrote to the Archbishop of York for his ap- 
 probation of what they had done, and to request his advice how they 
 might most effectually punish the offenders." That high dignitary, 
 in his reply, which is dated at Bishopthorpe, 20th of July, 1574, 
 sanctions the punishment of persons charged with the commission 
 of these " abominable and heinous crimes," * * * " according 
 as has been used in the city of London, or other well governed cities 
 or towns corporate." The churchwardens and sidesmen were then 
 directed to visit the alehouses, and search the streets and closes, 
 and to present the names of all such as were sinfully spending or 
 idly wasting their time, when they should have been attending in 
 some place of worship. 
 
 In 1571 there happened another destructive tide in the river 
 Humber. The waters rose higher than the highest point to which 
 they had ever before attained, and covered the streets to a consider-
 
 HISTORY OP KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 83 
 
 ablo depth, and for many miles round the country was deluged. 
 The injury sustained both in town and country by this dreadful in- 
 undation was immense. 
 
 In 1576, that dreadful distemper, the plague was brought into 
 this town by some seamen, from neglect of quarantine. It was, 
 however, confined to Blackfriar-gate, which was so deeply infected 
 that it was judged necessary to wall up all the avenues leading to 
 that street, leaving open only two doors, where watchmen were placed 
 to take in provisions and medicines, and to see that none of the in- 
 fected made their escape. These wise though rigorous precautions 
 had the desired effect, the epidemic soon subsided, and not more 
 than one hundred of the inhabitants became its victims. After the 
 contagion had ceased, we read, that the authorities of the town, ob- 
 serving " the vanity and pride of the ladies, and their extravagant 
 fondness for dress," published her Majesty's proclamation for the 
 reformation of excess in apparel. This proclamation was read in 
 the Churches of the town, but the ladies paid little regard to it; for 
 towards the end of the same year (1577) a more coercive declaration 
 was read in the Churches, charging every woman, upon the Act of 
 32 Hen. VIII., who wore velvet, to find a light horseman to serve 
 in the Queen's wars, as in the statute is ordained ; or else imme- 
 diately to desist from wearing the same. It is not recorded whether 
 any of the " fairest portion of creation " resident in Hull incurred 
 this penalty. 
 
 The many warm contests, with respect to trade and commerce, 
 which took place between the city of York and the town of Kingston- 
 upon-Hull — being for several years rivals in this respect — were ami- 
 cably terminated by an agreement made and entered into on the 
 28th of June, 1577. On that day articles were agreed on between 
 Hugh Greaves, the then Lord Mayor of York, and the citizens of 
 the said city, on the one part ; ' and John Thornton, Mayor of 
 Kingston-upon-Hull, and the burgesses of the same, on the other 
 part ; by the mediation and before the Hon. Henry, Earl of Hun- 
 tingdon, Lord President of the North. By this agreement all dif- 
 ferences and disputes between the two parties finally terminated. 
 Tickell gives the articles of this agreement, which are very lengthy.
 
 84 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 They relate chiefly to permission, under certain restrictions, to 
 buying and selling merchandises at York and Hull. 
 
 Hull was now enjoying a flood tide of prosperity, and the wealth 
 of her ships tempted the cupidity of the pirates, by which the seas 
 were then infested. The Humber's mouth, as well as all the eastern 
 coast, were so harassed and obstructed by them, that scarce a mer- 
 chant ship could sail with safety. To remedy this evil, the Lord 
 High Admiral of England required the town of Hull to fit up two 
 stout ships of war to protect their own vessels, and to assist in 
 scouring the adjacent coast. These ships being well equipped and 
 manned, sailed in quest of the maritime robbers, and they had soon 
 the good fortune to capture several of them, and to bring them into 
 Hull. The pirates were soon after tried by a special commission, 
 at which the Earl of Huntingdon (Lord President of the North) 
 presided, attended by the Mayor and Aldermen as judges. Six of 
 the misguided men were found guilty, and, in virtue of their sen- 
 tence, were executed and hung in chains at different places on the 
 neighbouring coasts. 
 
 In 1577 (19 Eliz.) owing to the inability of the Corporation to bear 
 the heavy expenditure consequent upon the ravages of the Humber, 
 coupled with their services in the north, during the rebellion, and 
 the expenses -they had incurred in the protection of the port, and 
 the maintenance of the Castle and fortifications, the Queen granted 
 to the Mayor and Burgesses, that strangers should not be allowed 
 to buy or sell to each other any kind of goods or merchandise, ex- 
 cept salt and fish, within the borough, at any other time than during 
 the holding of the markets and fairs. And at the same time the 
 merchants dwelling in the town (being burgesses) were incorporated 
 under the title of " The Governor, Assistants, and Fellowship of 
 Merchants inhabiting in the Town of Kingston-upon-Hull." The 
 charter gave these merchants extraordinary powers, and peculiar 
 privileges. They were to have a common seal, a hall in which to 
 transact their business, and a power to make bye-laws. No burgess 
 or inhabitant, not being a member of this body, was to be allowed 
 to trade from the town or port, without permission of the company. 
 Alderman John Thornton was their first Governor. The Court 
 Book of the society is now in the possession of the Corporation, and,
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UrON-IIULL. 85 
 
 according to it, the meetings of the merchants were held in tho 
 " Merchants' Hall," for about 120 years, " when (to use the languago 
 of Mr. Frost) the society followed the fate of all human institutions, 
 and sunk into decay." This body of merchants at Hull was quite 
 distinct from the more ancient Society of Merchant Adventurers, 
 with whom they had a notable dispute in 1619, respecting the free 
 transportation of lead from Hull to Germany and the Low Countries. 
 The seal of the Hull Merchants was a ship with three crowns above 
 it. Its matrix, which is of silver, mounted in ivory, is in the pos- 
 session of the Corporation of the town. 
 
 During the same year (1577) Dr. Sandys, Archbishop of York, 
 returning from London (where he had been detained a long time by 
 an illness) to his palace at Bishopthorpe, the magistrates of Hull, as 
 a mark of respect and affection for him, presented him with a butt 
 of sack. 
 
 In this year Lord Willoughby was sent as Ambassador to the 
 King of Denmark, and the embassy sailed from Hull on the 12th 
 of July, attended by the King-at-arms, to carry the Order of the 
 Garter to the Danish monarch. Osep Napea, an Ambassador sent 
 into England by the Emperor of Muscovy, with a view to establish 
 commerce between the two nations, arrived in Hull towards the close 
 of this year. The ship in which his excellency journeyed was tossed 
 upon the seas during four months, and at length was wrecked on 
 the coast near Scarborough. The Ambassador and a few others only 
 were saved. From Scarborough he came to take a view of this 
 town, en route to London, where the object of his embassy was 
 effected. 
 
 About the same time, we are told by Tickell, Henry Hastings, 
 Earl of Huntingdon, and Lord President of the North, sent to this 
 town several " popish recusants," to be kept in close confinement 
 here. Many of these were priests (he says), and had been sent from 
 beyond sea, with a view to stir up the people to rebellion on account 
 of the changes that Queen Elizabeth had introduced into religion. 
 
 In 1582 the Archbishop of York granted an ecclesiastical com- 
 mission to authorise and empower the Mayor and Aldermen of Hull 
 to suppress the gross immoralities of the times, by severely punish-
 
 86 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 ing the guilty, without any respect to the outward circumstances of 
 the offenders. 
 
 In 1583 the prisons of this town being full of criminals, the Lord 
 President of the North, at the request of the Mayor and Aldermen, 
 came and sat as judge to try them. Three persons were convicted 
 of felony, and suffered the punishment of death ; and three poor 
 old women were tried for witchcraft, one of whom was sentenced to 
 stand in the pillory on four separate market days, and to suffer a 
 year's imprisonment. 
 
 In the same year the High Steward of this town (whose name is 
 not recorded) died ; when Sir Francis Walsingham, Knt., wrote to 
 the magistrates, desiring that he might have the honour to fill the 
 vacant office. His request was readily complied with, and he proved, 
 in many respects, a kind benefactor to the town. 
 
 When King Philip of Spain threatened to invade England, and 
 Queen Elizabeth caused her subjects to enter into an association to 
 defend her with their lives and fortunes, about 600 of the principal 
 inhabitants of the town of Hull, and 200 of the county of that town, 
 enrolled themselves members of it ; and the town and county readily 
 sent a loan of £600., to enable her Majesty to defend her kingdom 
 against the storm which was gathering over it. Several of the 
 Queen's letters sent here on this occasion are yet preserved among 
 the town records. When this formidable invasion was attempted, 
 in 1588, the reader of English history is well aware that the in- 
 vincible Armada was beat, scattered, and destroyed, upon our shores, 
 by the raging of the elements. 
 
 In 1590 the above named Sir Francis Walsingham (Secretary 
 of State, and High Steward of Kingston-upon-Hull), died in such 
 poor circumstances, that he was buried privately in the night time 
 to save expense. This great minister spent his whole time and 
 fortude in the service of the Queen, and had the best intelligence 
 from all parts that any minister ever had. Sir Thomas Heneage, 
 the next High Steward of Hull, survived his illustrious predecessor 
 only six years ; and he was succeeded in that office by Sir Eobert 
 Cecil, one of the Queen's Privy Council, who greatly promoted the 
 interests of the town. 
 
 In 1592, after some heavy gales of wind from the south-east, a
 
 HISTORY OP KINGSTON-UTON-IIULL. 87 
 
 large fish was driven ashore near Drypool, and excited much admira- 
 tion. It was almost of an oval shape, six feet long, five feet broad, 
 and six feet between the extreme parts of the upper and lower fins. 
 One of the fins was placed on the back, and the other on the belly, 
 designed perhaps by nature to keep it erect in the water. It was 
 taken to be the Orthagoriscus parvus gesneri ; and what Pliny calls 
 a little sea-hog. 
 
 In 1596 the Queen having received intelligence that the King of 
 Spain was once more preparing to invade England, resolved to give 
 a demonstrative proof that England could attack as well as defeat. 
 With this view she immediately commanded a fleet to be got ready, 
 and wrote to all the sea-port towns to aid her with an additional 
 number of ships. The letter sent by her Privy Council on this oc- 
 casion to the town of Hull, contained a request that a ship of great 
 burden should be fitted out, manned, supplied with ammunition, and 
 victualled for a voyage and expedition of five months, at the charges 
 of Hull, and such other towns and ports as did contribute for a 
 similar purpose in 1588. This town readily fitted out a stout ship 
 of war, at a very considerable expense ; and her Majesty was pleased 
 to oi'der that the towns of Leeds, Wakefield and Halifax, which 
 traded much to Hull, should bear a proportionate part, to which 
 they willingly consented. The same year the Queen renewed and 
 confirmed all the old charters granted by her predecessors to the 
 town of Hull, and granted many additional privileges. 
 
 On Sunday, the 23rd of August, 1601, Lord Burleigh, her Ma- 
 jesty's Lieutenant and Lord President of the North, accompanied 
 by many knights and gentlemen, visited Hull, and dined with the 
 Mayor. In the afternoon they were entertained with a display of 
 fireworks in the Market-place, which, however, were productive of a 
 very tragical event ; for by the overcharging of an old cannon, which 
 contained many curious contrivances to be played off by that forcible 
 and destructive element of fire, it immediately burst into several 
 pieces, by which four men were killed on the spot, and several others 
 dangerously wounded, some of whom died soon after. In February, 
 1602, a severe shock of an earthquake, which was felt in different 
 parts of the nation, and occasioned much damage, was very sensibly 
 felt in this town, but none of the inhabitants were hurt by it.
 
 88 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 On Thursday,* the 24th of March, 1603, Queen Elizabeth finished 
 her long, prosperous, but rigorous and imperious reign. She died 
 at her Manor of Kichmond, in Surrey, in the 70th year of her age, 
 and 45th of her reign, and was buried in Westminster, in the Chapel 
 of Henry VII., where a stately monument is erected to her memory.f 
 
 The plague, or great pestilence, that raged in London and other 
 places in the same year, also visited Hull, but how many were here 
 cut off by it is not recorded. At York it swept away 3,512 persons. 
 
 In 1012 died Kobert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, Lord Treasurer of 
 England, and High Steward of this borough ; and his successor in 
 the latter office was Thomas, Lord Ellesmere, then Lord Chancellor 
 of the kingdom. 
 
 In 1622 copper farthings and tokens were coined at Hull; and 
 candles were ordered to be hung out in the streets at night. 
 
 John Taylor, the " water-poet," visited Hull in 1022, and wrote a 
 description of the town in verse. He was entertained at the King's 
 Head Inn, in High-street — a house which is still in existence. 
 Taylor's descriptive poem on Hull is a curious production, and may 
 be read in Mr. Symons's " High Street some years Since." In it 
 he alludes to the well known line in the beggar and vagrants' litany — 
 "From Hell, Hull, and Halifax, good Lord deliver us;"J and also 
 to the " Hull cheese," which he says in a note "is composed of two 
 simples, mault and water, in one compound, and is cousin germane 
 to the mightiest ale in England." " You have eaten some Hull 
 cheese " is a proverb, which is thus explained in Fuller's Worthies, 
 and Ray's Proverbs — " You are drunk." Hull was famous for strong 
 ale. Taylor went from Hull to visit Sir Francis Wortley, at Wort- 
 
 * Stowe observes that this day of the week was fatal to King Henry VIII., and all 
 bis posterity ; himself, his son Edward, and his daughters Mary and Elizabeth, having 
 died on that day. 
 
 + The reign of Elizabeth was long and prosperous; and was somewhat conspi- 
 cuous too, for what Pennant calls its " romantic fooleries." Tilts and tournaments 
 were the delight of " good Queen Bess." " At these, in her 66th year," says that 
 author, " with wrinkled face, red perriwig, little eyes, hooked nose, skinny lips, and 
 black teeth, she could suck in the gross flatteries of her favoured courtiers. 
 
 J This proverb or saying is of ancient date, and appears to have taken its origin 
 from the severe measures adopted by the magistrates of Hull and Halifax, at various 
 times, to suppress vice.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 89 
 
 ley ; and he describes his reception there in his " News from Hell, 
 Hull, and Halifax." 
 
 The town of Hull fills a most important page in the history of 
 the time of the first Charles. This unfortunate Monarch ascended 
 the throne when he was in his twenty-fifth year, and his disastrous 
 reign will through all time occupy a distinguished place in the an- 
 nals of England. Yorkshire in particular was shook to its centre 
 by the mighty collision which then arose between the monarchial 
 and democratic branches of the legislature. No county in England 
 has witnessed more of the civil wars to which the kingdom, in former 
 ages, was exposed, than this ; and it is not a little remarkable that 
 Yorkshire, which afforded the scene of action for the battle which 
 decided the fate of the House of Lancaster, on the field of Towton, 
 should have witnessed the overthrow of the House of Stuart on the 
 field of Marston. Indeed, the military history of Yorkshire, from 
 the earliest times to the end of the great civil war, which ended with 
 the restoration of Charles II., is a study in itself well deserving of 
 attention.* 
 
 Entering upon the stage of action inexperienced and impolitic, at 
 a period too in many respects highly unfavourable, Charles had dif- 
 ficulties of no ordinary character to encounter; yet, on the other 
 hand, few monarchs ever came to the crown of England with a 
 greater variety of favourable circumstances, in some respects, than 
 he did. He saw himself in possession of a flourishing kingdom — 
 his right to that kingdom undisputed — and strengthened by the 
 alliance of the French King, whose sister he had recently married. 
 But these circumstances were of little avail in the present critical 
 posture of affairs. The supply granted by parliament to his father, 
 had not covered the moiety of the charges for which it had been 
 
 * It was in Yorkshire where the most powerful nation of the aboriginal Britons 
 dwelt; where the Romans displayed their grandeur, and had their favourite station ; 
 where the Saxons first exhibited their valour against the Picts and Scots; where the 
 roving Danes first gained a permanent establishment; and where the northmen sus- 
 tained their greatest reverse, at Stamford Bridge. The Scottish invaders never 
 sustained a more complete defeat than at Standard Hill. A more bloody battle 
 never took place in England than that of Towton Field. Yet all these sink into 
 insignificance, in their causes and consequences, compared with that of Marston, 
 Moor. — Battle Fields of Yorkshire. 
 
 N
 
 90 HISTOET OF KINGSTOX-UPON-HULL. 
 
 voted, and James bequeathed to him debts amounting to £700,000. 
 The accession, and marriage too, of the new King, had involved him 
 in extraordinary expenses. It was, however, with cheerfulness and 
 confidence that he threw himself on the bounty of his subjects. His 
 first parliament met on the 18th of June, 1625, and in this assembly 
 he demanded the necessary supplies for carrying on the war of the 
 Palatinate ; but his request was answered with a petition for an en- 
 quiry into the grievances of the nation ; and instead of granting the 
 sums required, they employed their time in disputations and dis- 
 agreeable complaints. To Charles those objections did not apply, 
 which had always been opposed to the pecuniary demands of the 
 late Monarch. It could not be said of him that he had wantonly 
 plunged himself into debt, or that he had squandered among his 
 minions the revenues of the crown. The money which he solicited 
 was required to carry into execution the vote of the last parliament ; 
 and those who advised the war could not reasonably refuse the 
 funds necessary for the maintenance of that war. In the House of 
 Peers many of the lords, though not formally opposed to the court, 
 looked with an evil eye on the ascendency of George Villiers, Duke 
 of Buckingham, and they were ready to vote for any measure, which, 
 by embarrassing the Government, might precipitate the fall of the 
 favourite. In the Commons, the Puritans formed a most powerful 
 phalanx. Austere to themselves and intolerant to others, they sought 
 to reform both church and state, according to their peculiar notions 
 of scriptural doctrine and scriptural practice. The spirit of liberty, 
 too, had been diffusing itself widely amongst the people, who, by 
 consequence, were determined to oppose the ancient, and, in many 
 instances, exorbitant claims of their monarchs; and the principles 
 of freedom, which they had been imbibing, would no longer allow 
 them to be governed by precedents that had their origin in the times 
 of ignorance and slavery. Such was the state and temper of the 
 public mind when Charles met his first parliament ; which assembly 
 he thought proper to dissolve as soon as he discovered their inten- 
 tion of refusing his just demands. 
 
 He then issued a Commission to raise money by borrowing of 
 such persons as were able to lend ; and privy seals were issued out 
 to all persons of substance. The Commissioners (who were noble-
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 91 
 
 men) appointed to collect the loan, visited the various towns in the 
 kingdom, and at the Town-halls, or other public buildings of each 
 place, called the opulent inhabitants before them, and read the com- 
 mission to them, setting forth the reasons which the King alleged 
 for requiring the loan. The Commissioners then took the names of 
 the parties, with the amount of their subscription, or sum imposed 
 upon them, together with the names of those who exhibited a dis- 
 position to excuse the payment of the sums imposed. In many- 
 places the loan was reluctantly complied with, and occasioned con- 
 siderable disgust; for though the proceeding was authorised by many 
 precedents, it was not less a grievance. Two of the Commissioners 
 (Lords Dunbar and Clifford), attended at the Town-hall of Hull, on 
 the 13th of February, 1626, and the inhabitants cheerfully sub- 
 scribed the quota required of them, viz. £332. 13s. 4d. At that 
 period the payment of all fees and salaries was suspended ; and to 
 such a state of destitution was the royal household reduced, that, to 
 procure provisions for his table, the King was obliged to borrow 
 £3,000. of the Corporations of Salisbury and Southampton, on the 
 joint security of the Lord Treasurer and of the Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer.* 
 
 The second parliament met, and was dissolved by the King, with- 
 out granting the necessary supplies to carry on a war which was 
 entered into by the advice, and at the request, of those very members 
 who now refused to contribute to its proper support. The King was 
 therefore again obliged to have recourse to loans ; and a Commission 
 was granted to the Archbishop of York and others, to compound with 
 the Catholics, and agree to dispense with the penal laws enacted 
 against them, for stipulated sums of money .f 
 
 At that time the Corporations of the maritime towns received 
 orders to provide a certain number of armed vessels, in order to 
 equip a fleet. Many of the seaports complied with this request with 
 great reluctance. On this occasion Hull provided three ships to 
 transport 1,350 men, and the townspeople, we are told, readily 
 obeyed the royal order. The fleet thus collected, and which con- 
 
 * Eushworth, vol. i., pp. 196, 197. Eymer, xviii., p. 181. Sydney Papers, iii., 363 _ ' 
 
 + Wbitelock, p. 7.
 
 92 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 sisted of about 100 ships, having on board 7,000 soldiers, sailed 
 from Portsmouth on the 7th of June, 1627 ; but instead of being 
 sent against the King of Spain, to the surprise of almost all his 
 subjects, the King, now resolving with a rupture with France, sent 
 the fleet, under the command of the Duke of Buckingham, on a 
 fruitless expedition for the relief of La Rochelle, a maritime town in 
 that kingdom. Not long after, his Majesty sent a letter to this 
 town, requiring the inhabitants to fit out ships of war against the 
 privateers which then infested these coasts, and did great damage 
 to the trade of this, as well as many other places. 
 
 In the third year of this reign, the Lord Lieutenants of all the 
 counties of England had orders to put each province and district 
 into a posture of defence ; also to be careful that the trained bands 
 (a species of militia) were perfectly instructed in the use of arms ; 
 and to see that all able men, from sixteen to sixty years of age, were 
 enrolled ; that on any sudden occasion, such levies might be made 
 of them as should be required. They were likewise to take special 
 care that every county provided its share of powder, ball, match, 
 lead, &c, and to put them into magazines for the use of their re- 
 spective counties and corporations, to be ready whenever they were 
 called for. On this occasion the town of Hull furnished, besides its 
 proportionate share of soldiers, 3f lasts of powder, 3 J tons of match, 
 the same quantity of lead, with pick-axes, carriages, ammunition, 
 and provisions. The beacons, likewise, were repaired, and the town 
 was put into a state of defence. 
 
 Soon after this the King and the Lords of his Privy Council re- 
 ceived intelligence that the French were fitting out a great fleet, 
 with which to invade England, and that the Dunkirkers were like- 
 wise making extraordinary preparations. Orders were again sent to 
 the inhabitants of the different towns in the country, to put them 
 into a proper state of defence, with all possible dispatch. The Duke 
 of Buckingham, who had all along ruled the King's councils, was 
 about this time stabbed at Portsmouth, by John Felton, a Lieutenant 
 in the army, who immediately declared himself the murderer, and 
 averred that he considered the Duke an enemy to his country, and, 
 as such, deserving to suffer. 
 
 A tax, called tonnage and poundage, was now levied by the
 
 HISTORY OP KINOSTON-UPON-HULL. 93 
 
 King, on all merchant ships and goods, without the consent of 
 parliament, as a right belonging to the Crown. In London, where 
 the spirit of resistance had already risen to a considerable height, 
 many of the merchants refused to pay this tax, alleging that it could 
 only be granted by the parliament. For persisting in this refusal, 
 some merchants had their goods seized by the officers of the King's 
 customs, and were themselves thrown into prison. At this im- 
 portant crisis the spirit of loyal acquiescence was fully exhibited 
 at Hull, for the merchants paid this impost without murmur or 
 complaint. The contest between privilege and prerogative was now 
 carried on with with great acrimony. The parliament, on its being 
 assembled, warmly remonstrated against the King's proceedings, 
 and voted the following protestation : — That whosoever should bring 
 in innovation of religion, popery, or arminianism, and any that 
 should advise the taking of tonnage and poundage, not granted by 
 parliament, or that should pay the same, shall be accounted enemies 
 to the kingdom. This protestation was made on the last day of 
 their sitting, and whilst it was being voted the door of the House of 
 Commons was locked, and the Speaker was forcibly held in his 
 chair. During this extraordinary proceeding the King had come 
 to the upper house. He sent for the Sergeant-at-arms, who was 
 not permitted to obey ; he then ordered the Usher of the black rod 
 to deliver a message from his own mouth ; and that officer having 
 been refused permission to enter the House of Commons, was com- 
 manded by the King to break open the door; but at that very mo- 
 ment the Commons adjourned to the 10th of March. The King, 
 incensed at these proceedings, ordered the arrest of several of the 
 most violent of the opposition members, and dissolved the parliament 
 without sending for the Commons. The opponents of the King now 
 charged him, his ministers, and judges, with a design to trample 
 under foot the liberties of the people ; and Charles was firmly con- 
 vinced that they had conspired to despoil him of the rightful pre- 
 rogatives of the Crown. The parliament had disobeyed, thwarted, 
 and insulted him repeatedly, so he resolved to govern for the future 
 without the intervention of the parliament. And this intention he 
 announced by proclamation. "We have showed (he said) by our 
 frequent meeting our people, our love to the use of parliaments ;
 
 94 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 yet the late abuse having for the present driven us unwillingly out 
 of that course, we shall account it presumption for any to prescribe 
 any time unto us for parliaments, the calling, continuing, and dis- 
 solving of which is always in our power; and shall be more inclinable 
 to meet in parliament again, when our people shall see more clearly 
 into our interests and actions."* This measure served only to ag- 
 gravate the discontents of the people, who justly considered many 
 of his actions as the exertions of arbitrary power. 
 
 In 1630 the King sent forth a proclamation against vile insin- 
 uations, and lying, treasonable and rebellious reports, industriously 
 spread to render his government odious to his people ; and some 
 time after he sent orders to the towns that the inhabitants sbould 
 have a watchful eye over all factious persons, and take care of the 
 safety of their towns. At this time the walls and blockhouses of 
 Hull were repaired, and the ditches were cleansed. 
 
 [To digress. — About this period died Dr. Abbot, Archbishop of 
 Canterbury and High Steward of Hull (before-mentioned), and the 
 vacant office of High Steward was conferred on Lord Coventry, Lord 
 Keeper of the Great Seal of England. 
 
 In 1629 the Mayor and Aldermen made a present of considerable 
 value, consisting of silver plate, and wines of the choicest sorts, to 
 Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Stratford (Lord President of the North); 
 and another of equal value was, at the same time, presented to the 
 Archbishop of York (Dr. Samuel Harsnet), on his advancement to 
 that see. In 1630 Baron Trap came to Hull as Judge of Assize ; on 
 which occasion a man was convicted, and received sentence of death. 
 Soon after this Baron Trevor presided at an Assize court held here. 
 He came by Barton, and two of the Aldermen were sent over the 
 water to conduct him hither. He was saluted with three guns, on 
 his going on board, and five on his landing. He was also com- 
 plimented with three guns from the Blockhouses, and four from 
 South-end. It is probable that a similar reception was accorded to 
 every judge that came to Hull. In 1633 the same judge held the 
 assizes at Hull, and was sumptuously entertained by the Corporation. 
 
 * Eymer, xix., p. 62.
 
 HISTOBY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 95 
 
 Hadley tells us that the Corporation of Hull " never omitted an op- 
 portunity of displaying their hospitality to their welcome guests." 
 
 In 1631 Alderman Henry Chambers, a wealthy merchant of 
 Hull, and who had served the office of Mayor in 1628, was severely 
 fined for not having made a feast for the burgesses. At the same 
 time it was decreed that every Alderman should, for the honour aud 
 credit of the town, within forty days next after his election, make a 
 general feast for the inhabitants of the town, according to ancient 
 custom, under the penalty of twenty pounds.] 
 
 Both Charles and Laud, his adviser, had been accused by the 
 Puritans of harbouring a secret design to restore the ancient creed 
 and worship ; but the charge was groundless. Those who made it, 
 in their intolerant zeal, mistook moderation for apostacy. But 
 Charles conceived it expedient to silence the murmurs of his 
 enemies ; so he carefully excluded all English Catholics from the 
 Queen's Chapel at Somerset House ; he offered in successive pro- 
 clamations a reward of £100. for the apprehension of Dr. Smith, 
 the Catholic Bishop; and he repeatedly ordered the magistrates, 
 judges, and bishops to enforce the penal laws against the priests 
 and Jesuits. 
 
 In the early part of the year 1633, Charles, in imitation of his 
 father, resolved to visit his native country ; more especially as some 
 of his Scotch subjects had intimated that he thought their crown not 
 worth a journey ; and as he had some reason to be apprehensive 
 of secret designs amongst them. He was accompanied by a gallant 
 train of English noblemen ; and in his progress to the north he 
 visited York, and there received a loyal and cordial welcome. He 
 remained at York three days, and was on the occasion waited upon 
 by the Mayor, Kecorder, and many of the Aldermen of Hull. 
 
 At Edinburgh he was solemnly crowned, with every appearance 
 of affection and duty ; and in a parliament then held, though the 
 Scotch strenuously defended the liberties of the Kirk, yet they voted 
 a supply to Charles ; who, after a stay of five weeks in Scotland, 
 returned to the Queen, who then resided at Greenwich. 
 
 During the six years which followed his return from Scotland, 
 England appeared to enjoy a calm. Charles governed without a 
 parliament; and not only took no pains to allay, but he rather
 
 96 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 inflamed that feverish irritation which the illegality of his past 
 conduct had excited in the minds of his subjects. Nor was he 
 ignorant of their dissatisfaction; no, he saw it, and despised it; 
 and, believing firmly in the divine right of Kings, he doubted not 
 that he would be able to bear down the force of public opinion by 
 the mere weight of the royal prerogative. 
 
 About the year 1635, the coasts of England were very much in- 
 fested by pirates from different parts, including the Dunkirkers, 
 and some even from Sallee and Algiers, who, every summer, com- 
 mitted great depredations, seizing ships, carrying off prisoners, and 
 injuring the trade of the nation. The Dutch and French mariners, 
 too, had assumed a right to fish on our coasts, a proceeding which 
 occasioned much controversy. Charles determined to fit out a fleet, 
 and end the dispute by force, and for this purpose, and acting on 
 the advice of his Attorney-General Noy, he imposed a tax upon his 
 subjects, under the denomination of Ship-mo?iey. Though all the 
 judges declared this tax to be customary and legal, yet the people 
 of Hull and the entire nation murmured at it, and paid it with re- 
 luctance, considering it illegal, because it had not the sanction of 
 parliament. This was the tax that first roused the whole kingdom, 
 and determined numbers to fix the bounds, both of the King's pre- 
 rogative and their own freedom ; and in reality it was one of the chief 
 causes of the King's ruin. Aided with this tax, however, Charles 
 fitted out a fleet of forty sail of ships, under the command of the 
 Earl of Lindsey, and a squadron of twenty ships, under the Earl of 
 Essex. This fleet very effectually scoured the narrow seas, and 
 protected the trade of England; and the merchants, whose com- 
 mercial interests had of late so greatly suffered, submitted to pay 
 the tax which they disliked. 
 
 Here we must again digress from the history of King Charles, for 
 the purpose of relating the ravages which the plague made in Hull at 
 this period. The pestilence, having raged for some time in some of 
 the ports of the continent, made its appearance here in July, 1635 ; 
 and such was the terror it created, that numbers of the inhabitants 
 left their houses, and fled into the country ; the gates were kept 
 continually shut, except when provisions were brought in; all as- 
 semblies and meetings, as well for religious as for secular purposes,
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 97 
 
 were forbidden ; schools were discontinued ; and the place exhibited 
 a scene of horror, silence, and despair. The town being still full of 
 infected people in the succeeding spring, and lent approaching, the 
 Major and Aldermen thought it necessary to petition the Arch- 
 bishop of York to grant license to the sick to eat flesh meat during 
 tbat season, for their nourishment and more speedy recovery. His 
 Grace, in answer to their petition, condoled with them in their 
 great affliction, stating that he did not know what power he had to 
 grant such an indefinite license ; but that " in all cases of sickness 
 the ministers, upon certificate from their physicians, might grant 
 permission to particular persons to eat flesh during that holy 
 season."* 
 
 The pestilence continued to rage for three years, and 2,730 per- 
 sons fell victims to it in this town, exclusive of those who fled into 
 the country, and died there ; which, according to one authority, 
 almost doubled the number ; making a sum total probably equal to 
 half the population of Hull at that period. During a great part of 
 these three years, the markets were suppressed by royal proclama- 
 tion, and all the justices of the peace in the adjacent places were 
 ordered to supply the town with provisions, and all other neces- 
 saries at reasonable rates, and convey them in carts to the Garrison 
 side of the town. Here they were bought by a few persons chosen 
 for that purpose, and sent on sledges to the town's cross, where they 
 were disposed of at reduced prices. Commerce was totally extinct, 
 and towards the latter end upwards of 2,500 persons, once in easy 
 and opulent circumstances, were reduced to seek assistance from 
 the town. For the relief of the poor and the infected, the attending 
 the sick, and burying the dead, the magistrates were obliged to lay 
 
 * By the statute of 5th of Elizaheth, cap. 5, sec. 15, it is provided, that any person 
 eating flesh on a fasting day, or day of abstinence, shall be liable to a penalty of £'3., 
 or suffer three months imprisonment; but by the 2nd and 3rd of Edward VI., cap. 
 1 9, sec. 5, a dispensing power is given to the Archbishop of Canterbury, which power 
 was probably afterwards extended to bim of York. 
 
 Hadley (in his History of Hull) tells us that the people of this place had always 
 been " very particular in their observation of lent, even in those troublesome times ; " 
 and that in 1647, "orders were issued by the Mayor and Aldermen, that it should be 
 most strictly observed, and that no butchers, inn-keepers, alehouse-keepers, tiplers, or 
 victuallers, whatsoever, within the town, should kill, or dress any manner of flesh, or 
 expose the same to sell, under severe penalties." 
 
 O
 
 98 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 a heavy tax on the inhabitants, both of the town and county, which 
 was paid in weekly collections. All that could be procured in this 
 way, however, was found insufficient for the purpose; so tbat at 
 length they were under the necessity of soliciting the charitable 
 assistance of tbe whole county of York ; and several persons in dif- 
 ferent parts of the kingdom also contributed bountifully to their 
 relief. But for the money collected in this manner, the place would 
 have inevitably been ruined, and numbers of its inhabitants would 
 have perished for want of the common necessaries of life. As this 
 dreadful contagion disappeared, commerce began to revive, and the 
 town, though so recently threatened with ruin, attained in a few 
 years its former prosperity. 
 
 To return to the affairs of the King. The storm was fast gather- 
 ing, by which the whole kingdom was speedily to be convulsed. In 
 the beginning of the year 1G39 the Scotch were in arms against 
 their Sovereign, because he had attempted to enforce the rites and 
 liturgy of the Church of England upon that people. Whitlocke 
 describes this interference with the religion of the Scots, as " the 
 fountain from whence our ensuing troubles spring." At this time 
 the Mayor of Hull was ordered by Captain Legg, the master of the 
 King's armoury (who had been sent by the King to take a strict 
 survey of the strength of the place), to erect magazines and military 
 stores for his Majesty's service; and also to repair the walls and 
 gates, build drawbridges, cleanse the ditches of the town and gar- 
 rison, and, in fact, to put the town in a regular posture of defence. 
 To defray the expenses attending these repairs, an assessment was 
 laid both upon the town and county of Kingston-upon-Hull ; but 
 the inhabitants of the county refused to contribute their allotted pro- 
 portion, and a spirited law-suit between the town and county was 
 the consequence, which was at length decided in favour of the Cor- 
 poration, after it had cost the parties ten times the sum the repairs 
 amounted to. The fortifications having been put in a state of 
 defence, the old Manor Hall, which at that time belonged to Henry 
 Hildyard, Esq., of Winestead, was rented of that gentleman for the 
 King's use, and converted into a magazine. Soon afterwards, were 
 sent down 50 pieces of large ordnance, with all their carriages, &c. ; 
 200,000 muskets, carbines, pistols, and swords; 14,000 spades,
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 99 
 
 shovels, and wheelbarrows, with powder, shot, and match, to tho 
 value of upwards of £0,000. Mr. Boswell, too, his Majesty's resi- 
 dent in Holland, purchased arms there, and sent them to Hull to 
 be laid up in the magazine. These consisted of 300 head-pieces, 
 300 pikes, crosslets, and firelocks, 1,200 muskets, 1,500 belts and 
 baudaliers, 400 spades and shovels, 103 pick-axes, brass cannon, 
 and 7 petards ; 30 barrels of powder, 24 barrels of musket shot, 
 400 cannon balls, and a proportionate quantity of matches ; six four- 
 wheeled carriages, shod with iron, besides some halberts and black 
 bills. 
 
 The attempt to change the mode of government of the Church of 
 Scotland led to the celebrated " league and covenant " of the Scots, 
 to suppress episcopacy. Charles, looking upon this procedure as an 
 open act of insurrection, prepared immediately for an expedition 
 against them. He levied an army of 22,000 men, and of this army 
 2,000 horse soldiers, having to receive their arms from the magazine 
 at Hull, were quartered for some time in the neighbouring towns 
 of Beverley, Cottingham, Hedon, &c. At the head of his troops 
 Charles left London, and he arrived at York on the 30th of March 
 (1639), where he was received with every demonstration of loyalty. 
 He remained nearly a month at York, during which he paid a visit 
 to Hull. 
 
 No sooner did the Corporation receive intimation of the King's 
 intention to visit their town, than a hall was summoned, and it was 
 ordered that his Majesty should be received with the greatest de- 
 monstrations of loyalty and joy ; that the Mayor, Aldermen, and 
 Recorder, should attend without the Beverley Gate to deliver to the 
 King the keys of the town, and go through the other formalities 
 usual upon such occasions ; that a railed platform should be made 
 for forty people, with a convenient place to kneel on — the station 
 appointed for the Mayor and Recorder to be somewhat higher than 
 the rest — and the platform to be covered with rich carpeting ; that 
 there should be a strong guard to receive his Majesty ; that the 
 private soldiers should be clothed with all possible expedition ; that 
 the ramparts and walks along the walls, being very uneven, and in 
 many places full of holes, should directly be levelled ; and that the
 
 100 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 gentry and principal inhabitants of the town should be requested to 
 receive the King in their best attire.* 
 
 Scarce was everything prepared when news arrived of his Majesty's 
 approach, and everybody repaired to their posts. Charles, having 
 been met on the borders of the county b} r the Sheriff, and escorted 
 to the town, was received with the greatest demonstrations of joy 
 and sincere affection, at that gate where he afterwards met with a 
 reception of a very different nature. Being arrived at the gate, Mr. 
 Tborpe, Recorder (afterwards a Judge, and very inimical to the King), 
 as the organ of the Corporation, addressed him in one of those hyper- 
 bolical and adulatory speeches which bodies corporate are so prone 
 to offer to Majesty. He told him that the town of Kingston-upon- 
 Hull was always faithful and true, and that in respect of the zealous 
 and loyal affections of the people, it was " not only walled, but also 
 garrisoned with fire ; not dead, nor sleeping ; not unanimated, like 
 senseless flints, but continually vivacious, waking, ardent, apparent, 
 and sensible in their courageous and boiling heat for his Majesty's 
 long life, welfare, and happiness ; so that as the town was not only 
 his by name but also by nature, so it should ever remain to be." 
 
 After reminding him that he had there a magazine of all military 
 provisions of his own royal collecting, he is told by the Recorder 
 that he had at Hull, " a richer, a more noble, and safe prize, even 
 a magazine of hearts, faithful and true, extending the whole town 
 over, which renders it stronger for his Majesty's service, than if it 
 was encompassed with walls of brass and iron." This fulsome 
 address, in which the King is also told that it is more difficult to 
 address him than to address the King of Kings, concluded thus : — 
 " May your Majesty live for ever and ever, and may all the thorns 
 in your travels grow up into crowns ; may your battles be always 
 crowned with laurels ; and may good success always attend jour 
 actions and desires. May years be added unto your days, and 
 length of time, till time shall be no more ; and that your continuance 
 amongst us may be still an ornament and blessing to the present 
 age, and an eternal admiration, blessing, and glory, to all that are 
 yet to come." 
 
 * In 1640, the number of streets in the town of Hull had increased to thirty-two. 
 In the year 1300 there were only fifteen.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 10l 
 
 This bombastic speech being ended, the Mayor welcomed his 
 Majesty to his " Boyal town of Hull," and with much ceremony 
 delivered up to the King that emblem of royalty, the mace, together 
 with the sword and the keys of the town gates, all of which were, 
 of course, returned with a suitable reply. The Mayor then pre- 
 sented him with a rich and elegant ribbon, several yards long, 
 saying, " Vouchsafe, great Sir, to accept the emblematic bond of our 
 obedience, which is tied as fast to your Majesty, your Crown, and 
 the Church, as our souls are to our bodies, and we are resolved never 
 to part from the former until w r e part from the latter." The King 
 ordered the ribbon to be tied in a knot, and he afterwards wore it in 
 his hat, calling it his " Hull Favour." A purse of curious work- 
 manship, containing 100 guineas, was also presented to his Majesty. 
 The Mayor then on horseback, carrying the mace on his shoulder, 
 escorted the King and his numerous retinue to the quarters prepared 
 for them, amidst the loud acclamations of the people, the soldiery, 
 and the trained bands, with which the streets were lined. The 
 King was sumptuously entertained, and lodged that night at the 
 house of Sir John Lister (25, High-street), and in the morning he 
 took an accurate survey of the fortifications of the town, and the 
 defensive works which were then going forward, under the super- 
 intendence of Captain Legg. 
 
 He then visited the garrison, where the guns were fired at his 
 approach ; and after expressing his satisfaction at what he had seen, 
 he dined with Sir John Lister, and in the afternoon, attended by 
 the Mayor, the Aldermen, and the chief burgesses, to the limits of 
 the county, he returned to join his army, which was then about to 
 march against the Scots. That night he lodged at Beverley, and 
 the next day he reached York, whence he marched with a part of 
 the army to Newcastle-upon-Tyne, from which place he ordered 
 Lord Holland to write a letter of thanks to the magistrates of Hull, 
 expressing his regard for the kind reception given to him, stating 
 also that he is willing to grant any reasonable demand that might 
 be required for the benefit of the town ; but how all this ended, the 
 sequel will show. 
 
 Charles and his nobles, at the head of the army, proceeded against 
 the Scots as far as Berwick-upon-Tweed, where a treaty was soon
 
 102 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 after concluded, by which the kingdom was flattered with an illu- 
 sive prospect of peace. The covenanters swore obedience to their 
 King, but the very next year, when he had disbanded his forces, 
 they again raised the standard of rebellion, entered England under 
 the command of General Leslie (created afterwards Earl of Leven) and 
 the Marquis of Montrose, and, proceeding to the borders of Yorkshire, 
 they levied a weekly contribution of .£5,600. upon the inhabitants 
 of the northern counties, and threatened to occupy the city of York. 
 To arrest the progress of the invaders, the King came in three days 
 from London to York, where he was again received with the usual 
 gifts, speeches, and ceremonies, and on the 7th of September (1640), 
 he issued out writs to summon all the peers of the realm to a great 
 council to be held at York. The royal army, commanded by Sir 
 Jacob Astley, and consisting of about 12,000 foot and 3,000 horse, 
 arrived on the same day that the writs were issued. About 50 
 pieces of cannon, with 132 waggons loaded with powder and ball, 
 together with several carriages filled with pick-axes, spades, shovels, 
 &c, were brought at the same time from the magazine at Hull. 
 This proceeding naturally spread an alarm through the country 
 that the King intended to lay aside one of the three estates of the 
 realm, and to govern the nation without a House of Commons. 
 
 The King's position at this juncture was exceedingly unpleasant 
 and critical. Twice had the Commons refused to grant him sup- 
 plies to carry out his wars. Twice had he abruptly dissolved that 
 assembly ; measures which greatly increased the discontent of the 
 people. Ship-money and some other arbitrary taxes had been ex- 
 acted with severity, and many of his subjects made large advances 
 to him from their private fortunes. But these resources were still 
 insufficient to carry on the war against the presumptuous Scots. 
 Such was the distressed condition in which Charles found himself 
 when he returned to York and called a general council of his nobles. 
 The nation was discontented, the army discouraged, the treasury ex- 
 hausted, and every expedient for supply tried to the uttermost. On 
 the 10th of September the King assembled the gentlemen of York- 
 shire, and proposed their paying the trained bands for two months, 
 to which they assented. Petitions now poured in upon him, be- 
 seeching him to summon a parliament, and the gentry of this 

 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 103 
 
 county pressed the measure upon him as the only means of restoring 
 and ensuring a continuance of tranquillity. On the 24th of the 
 same month, the great assemhly of Peers met at the Deanery in 
 York. In the opening speech the King announced his intention to 
 call a parliament in the course of the present year, and he asked 
 council at the same time, of the Peers, in what way to treat a pe- 
 tition for a redress of grievances, which he had received from the 
 Scotch invaders, and how his army should he maintained until the 
 supplies from parliament might be had for that purpose. A tem- 
 porary treaty having been made between certain Commissioners ap- 
 pointed by the English and the Scotch, the King and the Peers 
 hastened to London to attend the opening of parliament. 
 
 Whilst the King was sojourning at York, the Mayor of Hull 
 ordered the Castle and Blockhouses to be repaired ; preparations 
 were then made here for a siege ; and a strong chain was every 
 night drawn across the mouth of the haven. On the 6th of Sep- 
 tember, Sir Thomas Glenham, Knt., was appointed Governor of 
 Hull, by the King; and a regiment of foot was ordered to be sent 
 here under his command ; but to the letter of the Earl of Strafford, 
 announcing this appointment, the magistrates replied, " that there 
 could not be two Governors of their town at one and the same time ; 
 that by the charters granted them by Edward VI., the Mayor for 
 the time being was their only rightful Governor; that to admit 
 another was a breach of their privileges and charters ; and, if drawn 
 into a precedent, might prove of dangerous consequence." The 
 Earl of Strafford repeated the request, that the keys of the town 
 might be given up to Sir Thomas Glenham, whom his Majesty, 
 "in his princely care for the safety of the town," had oppointed an 
 extraordinary Governor there ; and requested the magistrates " not 
 to dispute their interest at this present time in that particular, but 
 to submit to his Majesty's good pleasure." The Mayor and Alder- 
 men, however, yet persisted in their refusal to admit Sir Thomas as 
 their Governor; and the King, not well pleased with their pro- 
 cedure, sent them a message that he intended to be in Hull on the 
 30th of the same month, and requested them to prepare for his re- 
 ception. But whether it was to avoid the expense attending a royal 
 visit, or that they apprehended they should be obliged to submit to
 
 104 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 the King's directions, does not appear; but the fact is, that Sir 
 Thomas was immediately admitted Governor, and had the keys of 
 the town, castle, and blockhouses, immediately delivered to him, 
 and Charles declined his proposed visit. A regiment of 1,000 men 
 also accompanied the Governor, and joined the garrison, and thus 
 was the town of Hull, with its magazine and stores, for the present 
 fully secured for his Majesty's use. 
 
 When the accumulated evils of thirty years of misgovernment 
 brought the kingdom to the verge of a great revolution, Charles, on 
 the 3rd of November, 1640, met that memorable assembly, which 
 is called in history the Long Parliament, and which was speedily to 
 contend with him for the sovereign authority. Sir John Lister, 
 Knt., and Harry Vane, Esq., were the members of this parliament 
 for Hull ; William Strickland and John Alured, Esqrs., for Hedon ; 
 Sir John Hotham, Knt., and Michael Warton, Esq., for Beverley; 
 and young Hotham represented Scarborough. Sir John Lister, 
 however, died in a few weeks after his election, and Peregrine 
 Pelham, Esq., was his successsor. The first acts of this parliament 
 were to oppose the King in the election of the Speaker ; to vote 
 down the Council Court at York ; and to present articles of im- 
 peachment against the President of that court (the famous Went- 
 worth, Earl of Strafford) and Archbishop Laud, the King's chief 
 advisers ; and to pronounce the commissions for the levy of ship- 
 mone} r , and all the proceedings consequent on those commissions, 
 to be illegal. The house again refused the necessities of the King, 
 and the royal army was disbanded in August, 1041. The troops 
 were discharged that were quartered at Hull, the Governor, Sir 
 Thomas Glemham, resigned his office, and the artillery, ammuni- 
 tion, and stores, which had been sent to the camp at York, were 
 returned to Hull, and deposited in the magazine as before. In the 
 beginning of 1642 the difficulties between the King and the par- 
 liament daily increased, and preparations were made to decide the 
 matter by force of arms. In this situation of affairs, which party 
 soever should be fortunate enough to secure Hull, would gain a 
 decided superiority, at least, in the outset of the contest. The King, 
 in order to secure his " royal town " to his interest, sent the Earl of 
 Newcastle to take possession of it in his Majesty's name, but the
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 105 
 
 magistrates, unmindful of their former declaration, " that they would 
 adhere to his Majesty, against all his enemies, with the utmost of 
 their lives and fortunes," refused to receive the King's General. 
 About this time the parliament directed the Corporation to have the 
 town put into defence, whereupon the bulwarks were strongly faced 
 with brick, and the blockhouses repaired, at the cost of the town 
 and county. Shortly afterwards, the Commons appointed Sir John 
 Hotham Governor of Hull, with orders not to deliver up the place 
 without the King's authority, " signified by both houses." When 
 Sir John arrived at the gates, he found the bridges drawn up, the 
 gates shut, and the cannon charged. He sent a trumpeter, and 
 demanded admittance for himself and his forces. The Mayor re- 
 fused admittance, but on a subsequent threat of being deemed guilty 
 of treason, and after communicating with the parliament, he received 
 Sir John and his forces, and resigned the government of the town 
 to him. Thus the parliament secured Hull. 
 
 This parliament actually approved of the conduct of the Scottish 
 rebels, and voted two sums, one of £125,000., for the charges of the 
 Scottish army during five months, and another of £300,000., under 
 the denomination of " a friendly relief for the losses and necessities 
 of their brethren in Scotland." In a word, the government, which, 
 in the hands of Charles, had assumed the character of an absolute 
 monarchy, soon became democratical to a degree incompatible with 
 the spirit of the constitution. Lieutenants and Deputy Lieutenants 
 of counties, who had exercised powers for the national defence, not 
 authorised by statute, were declared delinquents. Sheriffs who had 
 been employed to assess ship-money, and the jurors and officers of 
 the customs, who had been employed in levying tonnage and pound- 
 age, as well as the holders of monopolies by patents, were brought 
 under the same vague charge, and the latter were expelled from 
 parliament. The judges who had given their votes against Hamp- 
 den, in the trial of ship-money, were accused before their peers ; 
 and in a few weeks a complete revolution was produced in the 
 government of the country. Indeed the royal authority was soon 
 so reduced, that its total abolition seemed inevitable. 
 
 The King now withdrew to York, and when Sir John Hotham, his 
 son, and about 800 soldiers entered Kingston-upon-Hull, his Majesty 
 
 p
 
 106 HISTORY OP KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 seemed at first to take no notice of it ; but lie afterwards sent the 
 Earl of Newcastle to Hull to take possession of the place in his 
 Majesty's name. The authorities, however, declined to receive the 
 Earl. Soon after this, the Commons, anxious to get closer posses- 
 sion of the military stores at Hull, proposed to the Lords to have 
 them removed to London, but the latter would not agree to the pro- 
 posal without the sanction of the King. The Lords and Commons 
 therefore petitioned his Majesty, requesting him to permit the stores 
 of arms and ammunition to be removed from the magazine at Hull 
 to the Tower of London ; under the pretence that they could be 
 kept there " for less charge, and more safety ; and could be trans- 
 ported hence with much more convenience for the service of the 
 kingdom of Ireland." To this petition the King sent a long reply, 
 complaining that a garrison and a Governor had been placed at 
 Hull without his consent, and refusing to accede to the request of 
 the parliament. Lord Clarendon owns that one of the chief reasons 
 why the King came down into the north, was to seize upon Hull 
 (which at that time was the most important fortress in the whole 
 kingdom) and its vast magazine, which far exceeded the collection 
 of warlike stores in the Tower of London. The two houses seemed 
 to have penetrated into his design, for as soon as it was known that 
 he was actually gone to York, they began to apprehend the town of 
 Hull would be in danger, and therefore Sir John Hotham received 
 the strictest orders not to allow foreign ships to enter the port with- 
 out strict examination into their strength, burden, &c. ; and to see 
 that no English, or other forces whatever, should enter the town, 
 but those already appointed to be the garrison there. At the 
 same time the parliament instructed the Lord Admiral to take 
 special care to guard the seas, and to search all ships coming from 
 Holland to Hull ; and the Lord Lieutenants and High Sheriffs of 
 the northern counties were ordered by both houses to suppress all 
 forces which shall be raised in those parts without the direction of 
 parliament ; and to take special care of Hull, Newcastle, and other 
 towns on those coasts. 
 
 The 23rd of April, 1642, is a memorable period, not only in the 
 annals of Hull, but in the history of the kingdom, as on that day 
 the parliamentarian party committed the first act of open hostility
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 107 
 
 towards their Monarch. Early in the morning of that day, the 
 King, attended by his son Trince Charles, and about 300 of his 
 servants, as well as a great number of the county gentlemen, set 
 out from York to Hull, and when he was within about four miles 
 of that place, he despatched an officer (Sir Lewis Davis) to inform 
 the Governor that he intended that day to dine with him. On re- 
 ceipt of this unexpected message, Sir John Hotham consulted with 
 Mr. Pelham, the M.P. for Hull, and others of his friends, and the 
 result of their conference was a fixed determination not to suffer the 
 King to enter the town. They therefore sent a messenger " humbly 
 to beseech his Majesty to decline his intended visit, since the 
 Governor could not, without betraying the trust committed to him, 
 set open the gates to so great a train as he was at present attended 
 with." The King, incensed at this message continued, to advance, 
 and Sir John ordered the bridges to be drawn up, the gates to be 
 closed, the soldiers to stand to their arms on the walls, the cannons 
 to be charged, and the inhabitants to be confined to their houses 
 till sunset. About eleven o'clock the King arrived at the Beverley 
 Gate, and, surprised to find all things in readiness for the reception 
 of an enemy, called for the Governor, who appearing on the walls, 
 he commanded him, on his allegiance, to open the gate and admit 
 his Sovereign. But the Governor, with many professions of duty 
 and several expressions of fear, told his Majesty, " that he durst not 
 open the gates to him, being intrusted by the parliament with the 
 safety of the town." The King told him, " that he believed he had 
 no order from the parliament to shut the gates against him, or to 
 keep him out of the town ;" to which he replied, " that his Majesty's 
 train was so great, that if it were admitted he should not be able 
 to give a good account of his trust to those that employed him." 
 Charles then proposed to enter with twenty of his attendants only, 
 and that the rest should stay without the gates, but this proposal 
 was refused. The King then desired him " to come out of the gates 
 that he might confer more particularly with him, and assured him, 
 on his royal word, of safety and liberty to return ;" but this request 
 also the Governor refused to comply with ; whereupon his Majesty, 
 in a spirited remonstrance, told him that for this gross act of dis- 
 obedience, which was likely to cause much bloodshed and many
 
 108 HISTORY OF EINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 calamities, he would immediately proclaim him a traitor, and proceed 
 against him as such. Sir John, then falling upon his knees, talked 
 confusedly of the trust he had received from the parliament, and 
 prayed " that God would bring confusion upon him and his, if he 
 were not a faithful and loyal subject;" but in conclusion he plainly 
 denied his Majesty admission into the town.* The King continued 
 before the gate till four o'clock, and having given Sir John one hour 
 to take his final resolution, his Majesty returned to the gate, and 
 receiving the same answer as before, he ordered two heralds at arms 
 to proclaim the Governor a traitor, and all those wbo obeyed him 
 guilty of high treason. 
 
 Here was a change indeed ! Three years since, the people of 
 Hull were frantic with joy at the sight of their " royal master." 
 The English language was found almost inadequate to the supply of 
 words necessary for the formation of the fulsome compliments with 
 which he was then greeeted. Now, he stood a suppliant before that 
 same gate at which be then so proudly received the "Hull favour," 
 and he craved admittance into his " royal town " in vain ! Charles, 
 being thus repulsed, lodged that night at Beverley, and the next 
 morning he sent a herald to Sir John, summoning him once more 
 to open the gates on pain of being proclaimed a traitor, but the 
 herald, like his royal master, proved unsuccessful, and the King, 
 filled with mortification and disappointment, was obliged to return 
 to York. This was the prelude of that great civil war which, for 
 the space of four years, desolated England and brought her Mon- 
 arch to the block. 
 
 Highly incensed at the affront put upon him, Charles imme- 
 diately sent an express with a message to both houses of parlia- 
 ment, explanatory of his motives for going to Hull, and demanding 
 
 * It is remarkable that the Duke of York, afterwards James II., together with the 
 Prince Elector of Palatine (the King's nephew), the Earl of Newport, Lord Willoughby, 
 Sir Thomas Glenham, and others were actually dining at the Trinity House, whilst 
 Sir John Hotham was parleying with the King at the gate. On the previous day they 
 entered Hull undiscovered along with the crowd of the country people (it being market 
 day), under the pretence of viewing the town ; and being recognised, they were re- 
 ceived and entertained by the Mayor and Governor, with all the respect due to their 
 rank. The Duke of York and his friends were suffered to go out of the town, and 
 join the King's party without the gates, at one o'clock in the afternoon.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIUIX. 109 
 
 justice against the Governor of that place, for his treasonable re- 
 fusal to obey the royal commands; but instead of punishing that 
 officer, or replying to the King's complaint, parliament bestowed 
 upon him and his supporters a vote of thanks ; and passed a reso- 
 lution to the effect, that as Sir John Hotham had done nothing but 
 in obedience to the commands of the houses of Lords and Com- 
 mons, that the King's declaring him a traitor — being a member of 
 the lower house — was a high breach of the privilege of parliament ; 
 and without due process of law was against the liberty of the subject 
 and the law of the land. The parliament then ordered two ships 
 of war immediately to Hull, under the command of the Earl of 
 Warwick ; and a committee of both houses was sent into the north, 
 to take care of those parts, and of Hull ; and in particular to thank 
 Sir John Hotham, the commanders and soldiers under him, to- 
 gether with such of the inhabitants as had shewn a favourable 
 disposition to the cause in which they were engaged ; and to assure 
 them that particular care should be taken to reward them according 
 to their deserts.* 
 
 On the 28th of April the King sent from York to both houses of 
 parliament another message, demanding satisfaction against the 
 Governor of Hull, and on the 5th of May a reply to his two messages 
 was read in the house, and afterwards delivered to his Majesty with 
 great formality. In this reply the parliament attributed its conduct 
 towards the King, to the influence, which they affected to fear, the 
 wicked councils of " some in near trust and authority about him," 
 will or may have upon his Majesty. They charged the King's 
 friends, which they termed the malignant party, with drawing him 
 into places of strength, remote from his parliament; with exciting the 
 people to commotions, under pretence of serving his Majesty against 
 his parliament ; and they told the King that, " lest this malignant 
 party, by the advantage of the town and magazine of Hull, should 
 be able to go through with their mischievous intentions," that they 
 commanded the town of Hull to be secured by a garrison, under 
 the government of Sir John Hotham, requiring him to keep the 
 same for the service of his Majesty and his kingdom. Upon these 
 
 * Parliamentary History, vol x., p. 461.
 
 110 HISTOEY OF KINGSTOX-UPON-HULL. 
 
 grounds they justified Sir John Hotham's refusal to admit his 
 Majesty, and declared him clear of the odious crime of treason. The 
 garrison of Hull was then much augmented, so that there was little 
 ground for hope that the King could obtain possession of it ; indeed 
 the probability was greater that Sir John Hotham should take York, 
 than that his Majesty could recover Hull. Charles, therefore, resolved 
 to put himself in a posture of defence. In order to do this, he sum- 
 moned the gentry of Yorkshire to meet him at York, and to them 
 he declared his apprehension of danger, and his wish to have a 
 guard for his person, " but of such persons, and with such circum- 
 stances, as should administer no occasion of jealousy to the most 
 suspicious ; and wished the gentlemen of quality who attended, to 
 consider and advise of the way." A guard of honour of 200 gentle- 
 men was immediately formed, under the command of the Prince of 
 Wales, whose Lieutenant-Colonel was Sir Francis Wortley. His 
 Majesty had also a regiment of 600 foot of the trained bands, com- 
 manded by Sir Eobert Strickland. 
 
 The parliament then declared " that the King was levying forces 
 to subdue them, and fears and jealousies were instilled into the 
 minds of the people, by means of various pamphlets, which were 
 dispersed throughout the kingdom. One of them, published by the 
 authority of parliament, had this singular title — "Horrible news 
 from York, Hull, and Newcastle, concerning the King's Majesty's 
 intent to take up arms against the Parliament ; with his Majesty's 
 threatenings to imprison the Lord Fairfax, Sir Philip Stapleton, and 
 the rest of the Committee appointed by the Parliament to sit at 
 York ; and the joint vote of both Houses concerning the same." 
 Another pamphlet was styled — " More news from Hull ; or a most 
 happy and fortunate prevention of a most hellish and devillish plot, 
 occasioned by some unquiet and discontented spirits against the 
 town of Hull, endeavouring to command their admittance by casting 
 balls of wild fire into the town, which by policy and treaty they 
 could not retain." Amongst the curious reports fabricated about 
 this time, and industriously circulated, to inspire terror and keep 
 the town of Hull in a constant state of alarm, was, that Lord Dun- 
 bar kept a great number of horses and armed men in spacious vaults 
 under the ground, in order to surprise the town at night ; that a
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. Ill 
 
 Lincolnshire gentleman, of the name of Terwhit, was ready to assist 
 them, with 300 men in complete steel armour ; and that the Spani- 
 ards were expected, with a fleet, to their assistance. This extra- 
 ordinary report furnished grounds for considerably increasing the 
 garrison, and parties were sent out to plunder the royalists, under 
 pretence of searching for arms and getting intelligence. The parlia- 
 ment determined to remove the magazine from the town of Hull to 
 the Tower of London, and a warrant was sent down to Sir John 
 Hotham to deliver it to the Admiral, the Earl of Warwick, for that 
 purpose ; but the captains of the ships in the port received a com- 
 mand from the King at York, directing them, "on their allegiance 
 not to put on board any part of the magazine, &c. ;" consequently 
 the military stores were not then removed. 
 
 The King finding that the parliament openly supported Sir John 
 Hotham, and not being in a position to take Hull by a regular 
 assault, for want of artillery, arms, and ammunition, attempted to 
 gain possession of the town by a speedier and more easy way — by 
 private application to some of the officers who had command in the 
 town. In execution of this design he made use of Mr. Beckwith, 
 of Beverley. This gentleman sent a letter to his son-in-law, an 
 officer, named Fowkes, who was Lieutenant to Captain Lowenger, 
 a Dutchman, then in command under Sir John Hotham at Hull, 
 requesting him to come to Beverley, as he had something of concern 
 to advise him about. Fowkes handed this letter to Mr. Robert 
 Stockdale, secretary to Sir John, begging him to shew it to that 
 officer, and to request permission for him to attend to the invitation 
 contained therein, and promising at the same time to give a particular 
 account of what had passed. Sir John readily granted what was 
 desired, and on the Lieutenant's return from Beverley, he stated to 
 him that in Mr. Beckwith 's parlour he was introduced to fourteen 
 or fifteen gentlemen, who proposed to him to conspire with his 
 Captain to deliver up Hull to the King, by secretly opening the 
 gates at some convenient time to be fixed upon ; and promised that 
 his Captain should have £1,000. per annum settled on him and his 
 heirs for ever, and £1,000. in ready money; and that £500. per 
 annum should be settled upon him^(Fowkes) and his heirs, and 
 £500. in money.
 
 112 HISTORY OF EINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 The Lieutenant seemed to comply with their request ; and it was 
 arranged that he should correspond with Mr. Beckwith. With many- 
 thanks and promises of great reward for his fidelity tothe parlia- 
 ment, Sir John ordered him to proceed in the plan ; and he drew up 
 a letter, which was transcribed by Fowkes, addressed to Beckwith, 
 the purport of which was, " that he found his Captain very com- 
 pilable, and should give them advice as they proceeded, how the 
 business might best be accomplished." Several letters then passed 
 to humour the design till the Governor thought fit to bring the 
 affair to an issue, and this was done by a letter written, as usual, by 
 Sir John, and transcribed by Fowkes, to this effect: — That on 
 Tuesday next his Captain would command the main guard, and he 
 the north gate, that his Majesty would that afternoon send from York 
 1,000 horse, and 500 foot to be mounted behind the horsemen for 
 the sake of expedition, and that they should be at Hull at two o'clock 
 in the morning. They were, moreover, with a small party to give 
 the alarm at Myton Gate, and with the main body to advance to the 
 North Gate, where he would give them entrance, so that they 
 might march to the main guard, which Captain Lowenger would 
 deliver into their hands, and thus the town become theirs without 
 hazard. On this proposal being agreed to by Mr. Beckwith, the 
 Governor called a council of war, and opened the whole matter to 
 them. Most of the members who composed this council were for 
 permitting the King's forces to enter the town, and then to cut 
 them to pieces, but Sir John would not agree to this bloody proposal, 
 humanely remarking " that he would never wantonly shed blood 
 when it was in his power to save it." At one o'clock on Monday 
 night, Sir John dispatched his secretary with a letter to the King 
 at York, informing him of the discovery of the design, and also 
 intimating that " he might spare himself the trouble of carrying on 
 the contrivance." Parliament now passed a vote of thanks to Sir 
 John Hotham, and declared Beckwith a delinquent, and guilty of a 
 crime little less than high treason. Accordingly an officer was des- 
 patched who seized him at York, but he was immediately rescued 
 by the King's directions, his Majesty at the same time observing, 
 "that when the parliament gave him justice against Sir John 
 Hotham, he would deliver Beckwith up to them." Clarendon
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 113 
 
 observes, " that it was thought very ridiculous to standers by, that 
 Sir John Ilotham should be justified for keeping the town against 
 the King, and another gentleman be voted a delinquent for de- 
 signing to recover it to its allegiance. 
 
 The parliament then published a very voluminous remonstrance 
 — "a kind of war with the pen, which preceded that of the sword," 
 addressed to the people at large; which, according to Clarendon, 
 wrought more upon the minds of men than all the parliament had 
 before done; and, notwithstanding the King's prohibition to the 
 contrary, and without the least regard paid to his remonstrances 
 and complaints, the magazine at Hull was conveyed to London, and 
 deposited in the Tower. In a few days after the publication of the 
 above remonstrance, Charles issued a lengthy reply, both of which 
 are printed in Tickell's History of Hull. Messages, remonstrances, 
 and declarations between the King and the parliament, were now 
 frequent ; and so conscious was Charles that he had a decided 
 superiority, that he dispersed everywhere the papers of the parlia- 
 ment together with his own, that the people might be more enabled 
 by comparison to form a proper judgment between them ; whilst, 
 on the other hand, the parliament, while they distributed copies of 
 their own, were anxious to suppress the King's compositions.* 
 
 In a long answer to one of the last declarations of parliament, the 
 King reproached the two Houses for their illegal proceedings against 
 him. He said that the keeping him out of Hull by Sir John 
 Hotharn, was an act of high treason ; and that taking away his 
 magazine and ammunition from that place, contrary to his express 
 command, was an act of violence against him ; and, in both cases, 
 he told them that by the help of God and law he would have justice, 
 or lose his life in seeking it. He maintained that the military 
 stores at Hull were his private property, having bought them with 
 borrowed money previously to the Scottish invasion ; that the town 
 was his, for it had belonged to the Crown, and was still held by 
 royal charter ; and that the fortress was his, because to him belonged 
 all the fortresses within the kingdom. But it was idle to talk of 
 legal rights at a time when few, if any, hopes of peace were enter- 
 
 * Kusliwortb, vol. v.. p. 751.
 
 114 HISTOEY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 
 
 tained ; when a real though disguised war was already raging be- 
 tween the parties ; and when each side was endeavouring to throw 
 on the other the odium of commencing a civil war. 
 
 " Many people (says the Earl of Clarendon) believe that the 
 King too long deferred his recourse to arms, and that if he had 
 raised forces upon his first repulse at Hull, his service would have 
 been very much advanced ; and that the parliament would not have 
 been able to have drawn an army together;" and the same noble 
 historian gives us a reason for this dilatory proceeding in the King : 
 — he tells us " that he had not at that time one barrel of powder, 
 nor one musket, nor any other provision necessary for an army ; 
 and, what was worse, was not sure of any port to which they might 
 be securely assigned ; nor had he money for the support of his table 
 for the term of one month." However the Queen, by the sale of 
 her own and the Crown jewels, in Holland, together with the assis- 
 tance of the Prince of Orange, purchased a supply of arms and 
 ammunition, and a part of it was sent in a small ship called the 
 " Providence," which, to avoid being taken, had been, by the Cap- 
 tain's directions, run on ground in Keyingham Creek, in Holderness, 
 a few miles below Hull. 
 
 Sir John Hotham, having received intelligence of her arrival at 
 that place, detached a strong party from his garrison at Hull, for 
 the purpose of taking the vessel and seizing her cargo; but the 
 trained bands of Holderness warmly opposed them, and drove back 
 the detachment. The Providence was then unloaded, and the arms 
 and ammunition were safely escorted to his Majesty at York, by 
 the trained bands of the county. 
 
 On the 27th of May, 1642, Charles issued a proclamation, dated 
 from his court at York, appointing a public meeting of the nobility 
 and gentry of the neighbourhood to be held at Heworth Moor, near 
 York, on the 3rd of June. At this meeting, at which 70,000 per- 
 sons were present (40,000 according to Guizot), the King, who was 
 accompanied by his son Prince Charles, and 150 Knights in com- 
 plete armour, and attended with a guard of 800 soldiers, was re- 
 ceived with the loudest acclamations of loyalty and respect. In a 
 short address he thanked the meeting for the assurances of loyalty 
 and attachment which he had received, and explained the particulars
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 115 
 
 of the situation in which he was placed. He then returned to the 
 city, where, after keeping his court for more than five months, 
 during which time every attempt at negotiation had failed, he re- 
 solved to support his authority by arms. His towns, his ships, his 
 arms, his money, were taken from him, but there still remained to 
 him a good cause, and the hearts of his loyal subjects, which, with 
 God's blessing, he doubted not would recover all the rest. Having 
 appointed the Earl of Cumberland supreme commander of his forces, 
 the King removed his court to Beverley, with a view of preparing 
 an attack upon the fortress of Hull. The royal forces at Beverley 
 are stated to have been about 3,000 foot and 1,000 horse, raised 
 and paid partly by the nobility and gentry of the country. The 
 court remained some days at Beverley, from which place Charles 
 published a proclamation, which he sent to the parliament with a 
 message to signify his intention to besiege Hull, unless they de- 
 livered it up to him. He also specified a day by which he would 
 expect their answer at Beverley ; but on the 12th of July, being the 
 very day the message and proclamation were sent from Beverley, 
 both houses voted " that an army should be immediately raised, and 
 that the command of it should be given to the Earl of Essex." 
 Meanwhile, as soon as Sir John Hotham heard that the King was 
 at Beverley, and intended to march against Hull, he dispatched 
 three messengers in quick succession, requesting his Majesty not 
 to turn his arms against the town, for, he added, " that it was his, 
 and all its inhabitants his loyal and faithful subjects, who were re- 
 solved always to continue such." But the King, who thought he 
 had no great reason for placing much reliance on the Governor's 
 professions of attachment, thought proper to detain the messengers. 
 The Governor now called a council of war, by which it was deter- 
 mined that the surrounding country should be laid under water, in 
 order to render all access to the town impracticable to the royal 
 army. This resolution of the council was, the very same evening, 
 carried into effect ; the sluices were pulled up, and the banks, both 
 of the Humber and the Hull, so cut, that the next morning, by the 
 aid of the spring tides, the meadows and pastures, for the extent of 
 two miles on every side of Hull, were covered to a considerable 
 depth with salt water. The town was then put in the best state of
 
 110 HISTOUT of kingston-upon-hull. 
 
 defence. The hospital of the Charter House, and several houses in 
 Myton-lane were demolished, to prevent the hesiegers from lodging 
 in them ; the fort at the South-end was well furnished with iron 
 guns, and one brass basilisk, seventeen feet long, which weighed 
 7,000 lbs. ; and the walls were well fortified with brass aud iron 
 guns. The town's ditch before the walls was both broad aud deep, 
 aud over this ditch lay three drawbridges at Myton, Beverley, and 
 the North gates ; and before each gate was a battery. Whilst the 
 garrison of Hull was making every preparation for a resolute defence 
 of the town, the King had 200 men employed in cutting trenches, 
 to divert the current of fresh water that supplied the town of Hull, 
 and to convey it into the Humber ; and to prevent succours from 
 being introduced into the town by water, 200 horse, commanded by 
 Lord Willoughby, of Eresby, and Sir Thomas Glenham, were de- 
 tached to the Humber side in Lincolnshire; and two forts were 
 erected, one at Paull, a village five miles below Hull, and the other 
 at Hessle Cliff, about the same distance above it ; and these forts 
 were well mounted with cannon to command the Humber. 
 
 The parliament being informed of the state of affairs, gave orders 
 that 500 men should be immediately sent by sea to Hull, to be 
 followed by 1,500 more, as soon as they could be got ready ; and 
 some ships of war were also ordered down to scour the Humber. 
 About the middle of July (1642), these recruits, together with a 
 considerable sum of money, and a great store of provisions, arrived 
 in the Humber, passed the fort at Paull without any material 
 damage, and landed safely at Hull. 
 
 About this time hostilities commenced with the siege of Ports- 
 mouth. Colonel Goring, the Governor of that place, an officer of 
 distinguished merit, having refused to act on the side of the parlia- 
 ment, a strong force, under the command of the parliamentary 
 General, the Earl of Essex, appeared before the town and besieged 
 it. The King immediately proclaimed that General and the officers 
 under him traitors, unless they should return to their duty within 
 the space of six days ; the parliament on their part declared the 
 royal proclamation a libellous and scandalous paper, and retorted 
 the crime of treason on all those by whom it had been advised, and
 
 ITrRTOKY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 117 
 
 by whom it should be afterwards countenanced.* In these circum- 
 stances Charles resolved on hostile measures. He summoned all 
 his loving subjects north of the Trent, and within twenty miles to 
 the south of that river, to meet him in arms at Nottingham, on the 
 22nd, or, according to some, the 25th of August (1042), as he then 
 and there intended to set up his standard. 
 
 Accordingly, on that day the royal standard was erected, and on 
 it was painted a hand pointing to a crown, with this motto, " Give 
 to Caesar his due." It was carried by a guard of 600 foot, from the 
 Castle into a large field ; the King followed with a retinue of 2,000 
 men ; and the people crowded around to hear the proclamation read 
 by the herald-at-arms. This ceremony, called the raising of the 
 standard, was deemed equivalent to a declaration of hostilities. 
 
 The reader of English history is aware that at this stage of the 
 controversy between the King and his opponents, the real liberties 
 of the people could no longer be regarded as the cause of quarrel. 
 These liberties had already been established by successive acts of 
 the legislature. The dispute was now confined to certain conces- 
 sions, which the parliament demanded as essential to the preserva- 
 tion of those liberties, and which the King refused as subversive of 
 the royal authority. The parliament now possessed the control of 
 the public money, the power of impeachment, and the right of 
 meeting every third year ; and these powers, it was contended by 
 some, formed a sufficient barrier against the encroachments on the 
 part of the Sovereign ; but others insisted that the command of the 
 army, and the appointment of the officers of state, the councillors, 
 and the judges, ought also to be transferred, for a time at least, to 
 the two houses. Who then were the authors of the civil war ? is a 
 question that is often asked. That learned and impartial historian, 
 Dr. Lingard, says, in reply to this question, " The answer seems to 
 depend on the solution of this other question — were additional se- 
 curities necessary for the preservation of the national rights ? If 
 they were, the blame will belong to Charles; if not, it must rest 
 with his adversaries." 
 
 * Eusliworth, vi., pp. 701, 773. Clarendon i., 711, 715.
 
 118 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 After further fruitless negociatious between the King and the 
 parliament, Charles commenced the 
 
 First Siege of Hull. — Sir John Meldrum, a Scotch officer of re- 
 putation, was sent down by the parliament to Hull, to assist Sir 
 John Hotham ; and he greatly distinguished himself in the defence 
 of the town. Cannonading commenced by both parties, but no con- 
 siderable slaughter was made on either side ; and in order to inflame 
 the troops in the garrison against the royal cause, reports were 
 raised in the town that the King contemplated measures of the 
 greatest cruelty against the inhabitants, and that should he succeed 
 in carrying the place, as he intended, by storm, every person, with- 
 out respect to age, sex, or condition, was to be put indiscriminately 
 to the sword. About the end of July, 500 of the troops in the gar- 
 rison, under the command of Sir John Meldrum, made a desperate 
 sally or sortie from the fortress, and attacked the King's forces with 
 so much spirit, that a great part of his foot, consisting chiefly of 
 the trained bands, fled on the first onset ; and the cavalry seeing 
 themselves thus shamefully deserted, retired towards Beverley with 
 considerable loss, several being killed and wounded, and about 
 thirty taken prisoners. Elated by this success, together with a 
 fresh supply of troops, which arrived from London, the garrison 
 made several other furious and successful sallies, in one of which 
 the royalists were driven out of the village of Anlaby ; and a barn, 
 belonging to Mr. Legard, which was used as a storehouse for a 
 portion of the King's ammunition, was destroyed. In one of these 
 skirmishes between the garrison and the King's forces, the Earl of 
 Newport, who commanded the latter, was forced off his horse by a 
 cannon ball, and thrown into a ditch, where, being in a state of 
 insensibility, he nearly perished in the water before relief could be 
 afforded him. After repeated disasters, and having no ships of war 
 to bombard the town from the river, nor to prevent supplies of men 
 and provisions being conveyed into it, Charles found that all at- 
 tempts to reduce it were ineffectual. He, therefore, called a coun- 
 cil of war, and by their advice he resolved to raise the siege, and 
 draw off his forces. 
 
 This attempt on Hull having entirely failed, the royalists retired
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 119 
 
 to Beverley, where the trained bands were dismissed, and his Ma- 
 jesty, with his court and the rest of the army, returned to York. 
 
 It appears that in this siege of Hull the King relied for success 
 less upon the efficiency of his own army, than upon the treachery 
 of the Governor, with whom he had previously entered into a private 
 treaty for surrendering the town ; and to all who were not in the 
 secret, it was a matter of surprise that he, being so ill provided with 
 everything necessary for an expedition of such importance, should 
 have attacked one of the strongest fortresses in the whole kingdom, 
 which was well provided with a numerous garrison. But his Ma- 
 jesty's reason for removing his court to Beverley, and undertaking 
 this enterprise, was in pursuance of a plan formed between Sir 
 John Hotham and Lord Digby, son of the Earl of Bristol. This 
 young noblemen, in whom the King placed the highest confidence, 
 had been sent over from Holland by the Queen, to concert with the 
 King a plan of operations.* On his return he was taken prisoner 
 by the parliament's ships, and carried into Hull, where, under the 
 disguise of a Frenchman, he remained for some time unknown. 
 Pretending that he could give private information of the King's 
 designs, he was introduced to Sir John Hotham, to whom he had 
 the romantic hardihood to propose the surrender of the town to his 
 Majesty. The manner in which the Governor received this extra- 
 ordinary proposal, encouraged him to press the negociation ; and it 
 was at length agreed between them, that the King, at the head of 
 his small army, should attack the town, and that Sir John should 
 deliver up the fortress at the firing of the first shot. Having thus 
 far succeeded, Lord Digby was sent by the wavering Governor to 
 York, to concert with the King measures for the enterprise. How- 
 ever, through the pusillanimity, the inconstancy, or the inability ,f 
 of Sir John Hotham, or perhaps from the union of these, the whole 
 project proved abortive. Upon his Majesty's retreat to York, he 
 left a body of troops at Beverley, to secure that town to his interest ; 
 but even this party a few days after was beaten from thence by a 
 
 * Clarendon. 
 + Kapin says that it was impossible for the Governor to fulfil his engagements.
 
 120 HTSTORY OF KINGST0N-UPON-HULL. 
 
 strong detachment, sent from the garrison at Hull, commanded by 
 Colonel Boynton, nephew to Sir John Hotham. 
 
 The fruitless attempt of the King to recover Hull, proved an 
 incredible damage to the inhabitants of the adjacent country, by the 
 loss they sustained by the inundation of their laud ; and though 
 both houses of parliament declared that the occupiers of those 
 lands should have ample satisfaction for the loss they had sustained ; 
 yet, as such persons as were suspected of being favourable to the 
 royal cause then, or formerly, had been exempted, few of the suf- 
 ferers received any recompense at all ; since the fact was, that most 
 of the people of the neighbourhood, with the other inhabitants of 
 Holderness, were well known to be attached to the King's service, 
 and had recently concurred in a petition to his Majesty, complain- 
 ing of this as well as of various other illegal actions of which Sir 
 John Hotham had been guilty. In the town too the King had 
 numerous adherents, notwithstanding the fact that many of them 
 were imprisoned, and their property confiscated. Messrs. Watkin- 
 son, Dobson, and Parkins, Aldermen ; and Messrs. Cartwright, 
 Brown, Thornton, and Wilkinson, with many others, openly espoused 
 the royal cause, and leaving their families, repaired to the King's 
 standard and fought under his banner. Another strong reinforce- 
 ment was sent to the garrison at Hull, with orders from the parlia- 
 ment to Sir John Hotham, to make frequent sallies out of the town, 
 with a view to ravage the country, and distress the royalists as 
 much as possible. 
 
 The Queen arrived from Hollaud at Bridlington Quay, in the 
 beginning of the year 1643, and during her stay at the latter place, 
 amongst these who waited upon her Majesty to congratulate her on 
 her safe arrival, was Captain Hotham, son of the Governor of Hull, 
 who was sent by his father privately to treat with her respecting 
 terms, should he think of entering into his Majesty's "views.* 
 Hotham was introduced into the Queen's presence, he kissed her 
 hand, and afterwards had an interview with the Lord General, the 
 Earl of Newcastle, on the subject of surrendering Hull to whom she 
 should appoint. Sir John Hotham's resentment against the par- 
 
 * Town's Records. 

 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 121 
 
 liament was caused by the appointment of Lord Fairfax to the post 
 of General of all their forces in the north, an honour which, after 
 the eminent services he had rendered them in maintaining Hull, 
 even at the risk of exposing himself to the King's utmost displea- 
 sure, he thought he was entitled to. The haughty and imperious 
 Hotham* disdained to receive orders or to submit to Lord Fairfax, 
 and the parliament resolved to displace him, and appoint a more 
 tractable Governor for Hull. Sir John having discovered their 
 determination, by some intercepted letters, took deadly umbrage at 
 it, and quickly resolved to be revenged on his masters, by delivering 
 up Hull to the King. His son, too, very readily entered into the 
 conspiracy, and adopted all his father's sentiments of resentment 
 against the parliament. A correspondence was now carried on 
 between the Hothams and the Earl of Newcastle, and it was agreed 
 to deliver up Hull to the Queen, while she was on her march with 
 her troops to the King. In the meantime the parliament having 
 received from their emissaries some information respecting the in- 
 tentions of the Governor and his son, employed a clergyman named 
 Saltmarsh, a person whom they could confide in, and a near relative 
 of the Governor, to discover if possible the truth of the matter. By 
 pretending an extraordinary zeal for the Church and King, this tool 
 of the parliament gained the confidence of Sir John, who, notwith- 
 standing his great circumspection, fell into the snare laid for him 
 by his insidious kinsman. Believing that a man of such seeming 
 sanctity and so near a relative would not betray him, the Governor 
 at length discovered to him the whole plot, which the treacherous 
 Saltmarsh communicated to Captain Moyer, who commanded the 
 Hercules ship of war, lying in the Humber. His next care was to 
 transmit the intelligence to parliament, who voted him a reward of 
 £2,000. for this meritorious piece of service ; and at the same time 
 sent orders to Captain Moyer and Sir Matthew Boynton to keep a 
 watchful eye on the Hothams. 
 
 The Governor, ignorant of the treachery of his kinsman, sent his 
 son a few days after, by the command of the parliament, at the head 
 of his troops, to Nottingham, to join Colonel Cromwell and Lord 
 
 * Eushworth. K
 
 122 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Gray, with the forces under their command ; but no sooner had he 
 arrived at Nottingham than he was arrested by Cromwell, upon a 
 charge of intending to deliver up Hull to the King. Captain Hotham, 
 however, eluding the vigilance of his keepers, escaped to Lincoln, and 
 from thence proceeded to Hull. The Mayor of Hull, Mr. Thomas 
 Kaikes (who, for his adherence to the parliament, was, contrary to 
 the charter, continued in office two years), having learnt from Captain 
 Moyer, that the plot for delivering up the town, if not prevented, 
 would shortly be put into execution, held a consultation with the 
 chiefs of the parliamentarian party, and it was resolved to defeat 
 the project by seizing the Governor and his son. Accordingly on 
 the next day, the 29th of June (1643), Captain Moyer landed 100 
 men from his ship, and seized the Castle and Blockhouses almost 
 without resistance; and 1,500 of the soldiers and inhabitants of the 
 town who were in readiness, at the word of command from the Mayor* 
 seized the main guard near the magazine, took possession of the ar- 
 tillery on the walls, and placed a guard at the Governor's house, 
 all of which was done in about the space of an hour, and without 
 shedding any blood. By these measures Captain Hotham was se- 
 cured, but Sir John by some means effected his escape from the 
 house,* and meeting a man who was riding into the town, he ordered 
 him to alight, and mounting his horse, he passed through the guard 
 at Beverley Gate, which had not yet received orders to stop him. 
 
 Sir John's design was to reach, if possible, his house at Scor- 
 borough (a village near Beverley), which he had taken care to fortify, 
 and whither he had sent both men and ammunition ; but fearing a 
 pursuit, he quitted the Beverley road, and proceeded to Stoneferry 
 (two miles from Hull), intending to have crossed the river into 
 Holderness ; and not meeting with a boat, and the river being too 
 rapid to swim over, he proceeded to Wawn ferry (a few miles further), 
 and there met with a similar disappointment. Expecting to fall into 
 the hands of his pursuers, but hoping the news of his escape had 
 not reached Beverley, he determined to proceed there, and rode into 
 the town, placed himself at the head of seven or eight hundred men, 
 who happened to be drawn up in arms in the Market-place, and 
 
 * Rushworth, vol. v., p. 276.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 123 
 
 ordering them to follow him, they at first obeyed, but were met by 
 Colonel Boynton (who had just received intimation of his flight 
 from Hull), who saluted Sir John, saying, "you are my prisoner!" 
 Sir John seeing an open lane before him, put spurs to his horse, 
 and made off at full speed, but was brought to the ground by a 
 blow from the butt of a soldier's musket, and secured. He was 
 then conveyed under a strong guard to Hull, where he was put on 
 board the Hercules, together with his son, Captain Hotham, and 
 conveyed to London, where they arrived on the 15th of July, and 
 were committed to the Tower. 
 
 After a long and strict confinement, Sir John Hotham was 
 brought before a Court-martial at the Guild Hall, in London, on the 
 30th of November, 1644, charged with " traitorously betraying the 
 trust imposed upon him by parliament, and with perfidiously ad- 
 hering to the enemy." On the 2nd of December he was brought 
 up again before the court to make his defence, but his allegations 
 not proving satisfactory, he was, on the 7th of the same month, sen- 
 tenced to be beheaded on the 16th ; but on his lady's petition for 
 time to settle his estate, the execution was deferred a little longer. 
 On the 9th of December, Captain Hotham came to his trial, and 
 was condemned before the same court, upon a charge similar to that 
 preferred against his father. On the 1st of January, 1645, he was 
 executed on Tower Hill ; and on the following day Sir John suf- 
 fered decapitation upon the same scaffold, the victim of his own 
 irresolution and inconstancy. Both father and son declared on the 
 scaffold that they were innocent of the charges for which they 
 were about to suffer. 
 
 The execution of Sir John Hotham and his son recalled to the 
 minds of many the dreadful imprecations he had uttered upon the 
 walls of Hull, when he denied the King admittance into the town — 
 " That God would bring confusion on him and his, if he were not 
 a loyal and faithful subject to his Majesty." 
 
 After the arrest of Sir John Hotham, the custody of Hull was 
 intrusted to the care of a Committee of eleven gentlemen, approved 
 by the parliament, and at the head of which was the Mayor. Soon 
 after the battle of Atherton Moor, which was fought on the 30th of 
 June (the day after the Hothams were arrested], and in which the
 
 124 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 royalist army dispersed the forces of the parliament, Lord Fairfax 
 arrived in Hull, and on the 22nd of July was constituted the Go- 
 vernor of that place. 
 
 On the 2nd of September, in the same year, the Earl, now the 
 Marquis of Newcastle, having made himself master of Gainsborough 
 and Lincoln, and driven Sir Thomas Fairfax out of Beverley with 
 great slaughter, appeared before the walls and commenced the 
 
 Second Siege of Hull. — The royal army before Hull consisted of 
 about 4,000 horse and 12,000 foot. They began their operations 
 against the place by cutting off its supplies of fresh water, and of 
 provisions, as far as depended upon the surrounding country. The 
 siege and defence were conducted with all the military skill of that 
 age, and with all that determination of deep-rooted hostility, which 
 generally distinguishes intestine warfare. Notwithstanding the in- 
 cessant fire from the walls, the besiegers erected several batteries, 
 which immediately opened upon the town; but the cannon from 
 the blockhouses, and the forts on the banks of the river Hull, near 
 the ruins of the Charter House, carried devastation and slaughter 
 into the camps of the besiegers. On one of the batteries erected 
 by the royalists, about half a mile from the town, which was called 
 the King's fort, were placed several pieces of heavy ordnance, be- 
 sides two brass culverins, which shot balls of 36 lbs. weight, and a 
 furnace was constructed for the heating of balls. The firing of red 
 hot balls threw the inhabitants into the greatest consternation, but 
 the precautions of the Governor counteracted their efficacy ; and, 
 by adding two large culverins to the Charter House battery, and 
 erecting another fort, which flanked the royalists, he demolished 
 the King's fort, so that no more hot balls were shot into the town 
 during the remainder of the siege. On the 9th of September about 
 400 horse and foot made a sally, and attacked the royalists in the 
 village of Anlaby, but they were soon repulsed, and pursued almost 
 to the gates of the town. On the 14th of September, Lord Fairfax, 
 under an apprehension that the fortress was in danger of being re- 
 duced, ordered the banks of the Humber to be cut, to overflow the 
 country, and the neighbourhood being thus laid under water, the 
 royalists were obliged to abandon all their works, except those 
 erected on the banks of the river.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 125 
 
 On the 16th of the same month, through the carelessness of an 
 artilleryman, who, with a lighted match, went into the artillery 
 room to fetch some cartridges, where were some hand grenadoes 
 that took fire, a great part of the North Blockhouse was blown up, 
 and the explosion rent the whole building, and killed both him and 
 four other persons. In a room adjoining were ten barrels of gun- 
 powder, some of them open, but which were providentially preserved, 
 though the violence of the explosion forced open its door, which was 
 bolted with strong bars of iron. Had the fire been communicated to 
 this gunpowder, the whole would have been destroyed, with above 
 300 men, who were stationed in it ; and even the town itself would 
 receive no small damage from the dreadful shock. 
 
 Four days afterwards a strong party of the royalists approached 
 the town on the west, and erected batteries, on which they placed 
 heavy artillery ; and on the 27th of the same month they repaired 
 the fort at Paull, and erected another several miles above Hull, near 
 the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Trent, to prevent the town 
 from receiving supplies by water. But these forts were soon de- 
 molished by the ships of war which the parliament placed in the 
 Humber, so that the attempt to cut off the supplies proved ineffec- 
 tual. About this time Lord Willoughby of Parham, and Colonel 
 Cromwell, came to Hull to take council with Lord Fairfax, relative 
 to the present emergency, but their stay was of short duration ; and 
 on the day of their departure, Sir Thomas Fairfax crossed the 
 Humber with twenty troops of horse, and joined Cromwell's force in 
 Lincolnshire.* On the 28th of September, the Marquis of New- 
 castle's magazine at Cottingham was blown up, either by accident 
 or treachery. Considerable damage was done to the village, and 
 several people were killed by the explosion. 
 
 About this time the Governor issued an order to levy £6,000. 
 upon the town of Hull, which was collected accordingly ; but though 
 his lordship promised on his honour to have it repaid after the siege 
 was brought to an issue, it appears that it was never refunded. 
 Wednesday, the 4th of October, was appointed by the Governor to 
 
 * Lord Willoughby, whilst crossing the Humber in a boat — having in his custody 
 the Earl of Kingston— was fired at by the royalists; but they missed their aim, and 
 shot their friend, the Earl.
 
 126 HISTOEY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 be observed in the town as a public fast ; but the enemy having, on 
 the night before, raised a new work within a quarter of a mile of 
 the town, on the north side, the garrison, instead of fasting and 
 praying, were ordered to make an immediate attack upon this work. 
 For this purpose 400 men sallied out, and succeeded in driving the 
 enemy from their ground, and demolishing the fort; and at the 
 same time another party attacked the royalists' fort at Darringham 
 bank, and after a sharp contest, took, and totally demolished it. 
 
 On Monday, the 9th of October, at break of day, a strong party 
 of the besiegers, under the command of Captain Strickland, made 
 an attack upon the enemy's fort at the foot of the west jetty, and on 
 the Half-moon near it ; while another body of their forces proceeded 
 to the other side of the town, and made an attempt on the Charter 
 House battery. Captain Strickland and his men were not dis- 
 covered till they began to scale the fort, when they received a 
 galling fire from the Half-moon battery, but at the instant of reach- 
 ing the top, that brave and gallant officer was killed by a musket 
 ball. This accident was fatal to the assailants ; for the parliamen- 
 tarians fell upon them with such fury, that they were not only re- 
 pulsed, but driven from the fort with so great a slaughter, that of 
 the whole detachment, few had the good fortune to escape. The 
 garrison likewise suffered a very considerable loss. The King's 
 party were equally unsuccessful at the Charter House battery, for 
 after having carried it by assault, and killed the commanding officer 
 and several men, they were unable to keep possession of it, and were 
 forced to abandon it with considerable loss. 
 
 A most vigorous and determined sortie was made on the royalists 
 on the 11th of October. At seven in the morning, the whole gar- 
 rison (consisting of about 1,500 men, inhabitants, soldiers, and 
 seaman) was under arms, and sallied out from the west side of the 
 town, with the intention of compelling them to raise the siege. 
 They were formed into three divisions, a small number charged the 
 besiegers in front of their last erected battery ; the second, com- 
 manded by Sir John Meldrum, attacked the left flank; and the 
 third made a determined attack upon their works on the banks of 
 the Humber. These attacks were made with so much vigour, that 
 the besiegers, after an obstinate contest, were driven from their
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 127 
 
 works. At this juncture the royalists received a strong reinforce- 
 ment, which enabled them to recover some of their cannon, which 
 had fallen into the hands of the assailants, and the latter were 
 obliged to retreat in disorder, under the cover of their batteries. 
 
 Lord Fairfax and Sir John Meldrum then made a determined 
 effort, and having inspired their men with fresh courage, they re- 
 newed the contest with such impetuosity, that the Marquis of New- 
 castle was obliged to abandon his forts and batteries, after having 
 suffered a dreadful loss from his own cannon, which was turned 
 against him. Perceiving that all his efforts to carry the town must 
 be unavailing, the Marquis called a council of war, in which it was 
 determined immediately to raise the siege. This was carried into 
 execution the same night, and the Marquis retreated with the greater 
 part of his army to York ; and in order to prevent a pursuit, he cut 
 open the canals, destroyed the bridges, and broke up the roads in 
 the line of his retreat. 
 
 And thus ended the second siege of Hull, after having lasted 
 from the 2nd of September to the 11th of October, inclusive.* 
 
 On the morning of the 12th of October, when it was perceived 
 that the enemy was gone, Lord Fairfax commanded that the day 
 should be observed as one of public thanksgiving; and its anni- 
 versary was celebrated here in the same manner till the Restoration. 
 The royalists being now withdrawn from the town, the gates were 
 again thrown open, the bridges let down, and everything resumed 
 its former appearance. The walls of the town and the other forti- 
 fications were repaired, and several additional works begun for the 
 greater security of the place, in case of another siege. 
 
 The year 1644 proved a busy year in Yorkshire, but in the midst 
 of all the strife and carnage that surrounded it, the town of Hull 
 remained quiet. The inhabitants, expecting to be reimbursed the 
 exhorbitant sums which had been exacted from them for the public 
 service during the siege, and for which no compensation was ever 
 made, preferred a petition to the parliament, representing the im- 
 
 * We omitted to record in a preceding page, that during the year 1642, an engage- 
 ment took place in the Humber, opposite Paull, between a parliamentary ship, and a 
 large pinnace laden with cannon and stores for the King. The latter vessel, after 
 receiving about one hundred shots, went down, and all on board perished.
 
 128 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 poverished state of the town, from the ruin of its trade, the damage 
 sustained by the siege, &c. ; and praying that they might be ex- 
 empted from assessments for a time, till they had in some measure 
 repaired their losses. But the answer which they received was, 
 " that in a time of public calamity, particular suffering could not 
 be attended to ; that the prayer of their petition was unreasonable ; 
 and consequently would not be granted." In another petition, pre- 
 sented in 1646, the inhabitants of Hull represented that they had 
 advanced, at different times, to Sir John Hotham, Sir John Mel- 
 drum, and Lord Fairfax, £90,000. ; tbat they had suffered £30,000. 
 by losses in trade, and paid £11,000. for repairing and strengthening 
 the fortifications ; but for all this they received no recompense. 
 
 York, Leeds, Scarborough, Eipon, Pontefract, Skipton, and many 
 other places in Yorkshire had their bloody battles and calami- 
 tous sieges during the continuance of this unnatural war; and the 
 disastrous battle of Marston Moor, in which Prince Kupert distin- 
 guished himself, extinguished the power of the royalists. The 
 frightful carnage of this bloody field opened an immediate way to 
 Cromwell's assumption of the vacant throne, when Charles fell a 
 sacrifice to violence and political rancour. 
 
 The sect called Independents, having now a majority in parlia- 
 ment, voted the liturgy of the Church of England an abomination, 
 and it was abolished in 1645. The fanatical soldiers quartered in the 
 different towns entered the churches, seized all the Common-prayer 
 books, and amidst the loudest and most savage acclamations of joy 
 — drums beating, and trumpets sounding — committed them to the 
 flames. The soldiers quartered at Hull were not behind hand with 
 their fellows in other places, for they too made a bon-fire in the 
 Market-place, and purged the prayer books from "all popish super- 
 stitions," by burning them to ashes. In this year the two houses 
 of parliament ordered that there should be a constant garrison kept 
 at Hull, and maintained at the public charge ; that Sir Thomas 
 Fairfax should be the Governor, and invested with authority to 
 punish all offenders according to justice, as he should see cause; 
 and that any person who should leave the town and join the royalists, 
 or convey any messages to the King or Queen, or any of their adhe- 
 rents, without the consent of the two houses of parliament, should
 
 HISTORY OF KINdSTON-UrON-HULL. 129 
 
 be immediately put to death as a traitor. This order contributed 
 greatly to lessen the veneration the inhabitants had hitherto enter- 
 tained for the parliament's cause. Gent says, " Though the town 
 strenuously petitioned against such a burthen, arguing that the 
 place being little, four or five families were obliged to dwell under 
 one roof. How inconsistent it would be to have soldiers live in 
 houses with the wives of absent mariners : or by marriage bring an 
 insupportable burthen to the place — that the destruction of the walls, 
 the laying the country under water, repairing the fortifications from 
 time to time, had impoverished them to the value of many thousands 
 more — and that it was a grievance they would never consent to as 
 being contrary to Magna Charta, the petition of right and the liberty 
 of the subject." And he adds, " Yet for all such like specious plea- 
 dings the arbitrary Commons placed a garrison there, as tho' they 
 were far from valuing Magna Charta, or any paper concern what- 
 ever, when they had the sword in their hands which, being drenched 
 in blood, could write in more legible coercive characters." 
 
 In 1646, after a series of defeats, the royal army was disbanded ; 
 and the unfortunate Monarch, despairing of a reconciliation with 
 his enemies, and finding his personal safety insecure, voluntarily 
 placed himself under the protection of the Scottish forces, then at 
 Newark-upon-Trent. The Lords and Commons immediately joined 
 in a vote, unprecedented in history, " That the person of the King 
 shall be disposed of as both Houses of Parliament should think fit." 
 
 The Scots then delivered up the person of the King, and he was 
 detained as a captive, successively at Holdeuby, or Holmby House, 
 near Northampton ; Hampton Court, near London ; and in the 
 Castles of Carisbrook and Hurst, in the Isle of Wight. And the 
 reader of history knows that the House of Commons declared by 
 vote that it was high treason for the King to levy war against the 
 parliament; that they granted an ordinance for the erection of 
 a high court of justice to try the question of fact, whether Charles 
 Stuart, King of England, had or had not been guilty of the treason 
 described in the preceding vote; that the Lords, seeing the approach- 
 ing ruin of their own order in the fall of the Sovereign, rejected both 
 the vote and the ordinance without a dissentient voice ; that the 
 Commons then voted that the people, or rather they, as the repre- 
 
 s
 
 130 HISTOKT OP KINGST0N-UP0N-HULL. 
 
 sentatives of the people, were the origin of all just power ; and that 
 on the 20th of January, 1649, the King of England, Scotland, and 
 Ireland, was arraigned in Westminster Hall, before certain Com- 
 missioners, and charged with being a " tyrant, traitor, murderer, and 
 a public and implacable enemy to the commonwealth of England." 
 The sequel too is well known. On the 30th of January — ten days 
 after his arraignment — Charles I was beheaded.* 
 
 Thus fell this unfortunate King, who, with all his faults, was 
 worthy of a better fate; and after his death the monarchy of Eng- 
 land was temporarily abolished. Charles was by nature a man of 
 peace, and his bitterest enemies could not pronounce him a tyrant 
 from a vicious disposition, or from depraved habits. It was an 
 error in his education, that he had, unhappily, imbibed false ideas 
 of the royal prerogative, which he endeavoured to stretch to its ut- 
 most limit; and to this source may be traced all the calamities 
 which deformed his reign. They were purely the fault of his edu- 
 cation, and not of his principles. 
 
 During the great contest between the King and the parliament, 
 the charters of Hull were often violated by the parliament, and in 
 1646 that assembly demanded them from the Corporation ; the 
 latter however evaded the request. 
 
 In the month of November, 1646, part of the town's walls about 
 fifty yards in length, between Myton Gate and the Postern Gate, fell 
 into the ditch, occasioned by the excessive rains that had undermined 
 it on one side, and the weight of the earth that lay against it on the 
 other. To repair this breach in the walls cost the town upwards of 
 £300., an expense which at the time they could but with difficulty 
 raise. At the same time a general survey was taken of all the de- 
 ficiencies in the walls, castle, fortifications, and blockhouses, and 
 the estimate for putting them into sufficient repair amounted to the 
 sum of £6,600. 
 
 In 1647 the merchants of Hull sustained losses at sea by pirates, 
 to the amount of £20,000., which induced several of them to enter 
 
 * The death warrant of the King was signed by President Bradshaw, and 71 other 
 Judges, amongst whom were Alderman Pelham, of Hull, and John Alured, M.P. for 
 Hedon. Amongst the witnesses against him was one William Cuthbert, of Patrington.
 
 HISTOKT OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 131 
 
 into an agreement to defend each other in their voyages to Dantzic, 
 and other places where their commerce extended. 
 
 About the year 1649, the King's fee farm rents, issuing out of 
 the town and county of Ivingston-upon-HulI, amounting to the 
 annual sum of £156. 7s. 8d., and from which were deducted £24. 
 3s. 3d., for the reader and curate of the Holy Trinity and St. 
 Mary's Churches, and the master of the Grammar School, were of- 
 fered for sale, and purchased by the town for the sum of £1,467. 
 These rents, however, were again freely bestowed on King Charles 
 II. soon after his restoration to the throne. 
 
 After the Parliament had reduced the British dominions to a 
 perfect obedience to the military power, and Cromwell was pro- 
 claimed Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and 
 Ireland, the inhabitants of Hull presented him with a dutiful ad- 
 dress, couched in the puritanical terms then becoming prevalent 
 throughout the kingdom, in which they " humbly acknowledged 
 their thankfulness to God, in whose guidings are the hearts of 
 Princes, that he had made him the ruler over them." This address 
 was very soon followed by another, thanking his Highness for pro- 
 mising to govern them according to the laws of the land, of which 
 they had been for a considerable time deprived ; and both were very 
 graciously received by the Protector, who, in returning his thanks 
 on the occasion, promised to use his utmost endeavours for the pros- 
 perity of the nation in general, and the town of Hull in particular. 
 
 The following extract from the proceedings of the Mayor and 
 Aldermen, at a bench held on the 22nd of March, 1654, shews that 
 the haven was at that time secured by an iron chain, drawn across 
 the mouth of the Hull : — " Whereas Major Elton hath certified this 
 bench, that in regard of the tumult and stirs abroad in this nation, 
 for the security of this towne and garrison, he hath amended the 
 iron chaine, and bought a new cable to draw over the haven at the 
 south end, to secure the haven from shipps or boats comeing into 
 the haven in the night tyme, upon which he is to disburse twenty 
 pounds." 
 
 In the course of the naval war carried on by the parliament 
 against the Dutch, in which several desperate engagements were 
 fought with various success, though most frequently in favour of the
 
 132 HISTOET OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 English, the merchants of Hull sustained great losses; which, 
 added to the enormous sums extracted from them during the civil 
 war, reduced many of them to the greatest distress ; so that they 
 were induced to lay their grievances before the parliament; praying 
 at the same time to be relieved from taxes, which were required of 
 them, and which they found themselves unable to pay. In this 
 petition they set forth, " That the deadness and universal decay of 
 trade is so great, that multitudes of substantial families here, which 
 formerly afforded great relief to their indigent and distressed neigh- 
 bours, are now enforced to beg relief for themselves." As there is 
 no answer to this petition recorded, it is very probable that none 
 was ever received, as the parliament was then engaged in objects of 
 too great a magnitude to attend to the petitions of a single town.* 
 
 In 1657 the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses, presented a peti- 
 tion to the Lord Protector, representing that there were then in 
 the town of Hull above 200 forsaken soldiers' wives and widows, 
 and 400 of their children, all poor and in great distress ;f and re- 
 questing " that he would grant them an order to lay a tax upon 
 cloth and lead towards their maintenance; and that the allowance 
 of £200. a year of the sequestered impropriate Rectories of York- 
 shire, formerly granted to the two ministers of Holy Trinity and 
 St. Mary's Churches in this town, might be constantly and faith- 
 fully paid." Cromwell, in reply, told them, " that as to their first 
 request, it was not in his power to grant it without an Act of Par- 
 liament ; but as for the second he would take particular care that 
 it should be duly and faithfully paid." But it appears that little 
 faith could be placed at this period in persons in high places ; for 
 this promise, like many others of a similar character, was never 
 fulfilled. 
 
 In the first paragraph of an humble address of the Mayor, Alder- 
 men, and Burgesses, of Hull, to the assembled parliament of the 
 Commonwealth of England, we have a faithful picture of the con- 
 fused, distressed, and distracted state of society as it then existed : — 
 " The various mutations and revolutions of late times, and the fleet- 
 ing and unstable situation in which we at present remain, having 
 
 * Whitlocke, p. 294. + Town's Records.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 133 
 
 well nigh brought us to the brink of destruction, make us, with tho 
 children of Israel, by the waters of Babylon, to sit down and weep, 
 that there is, as yet, no balm found in Gilead to cure the fatal dis- 
 tempers under which we labour. The Church is divided — tbe laws 
 violated — the ministry and magistracy, the basis of the Common- 
 wealth, contemned — and religion, which is most dear to us, resem- 
 bles the seamless coat of Christ rent in many pieces ; nay, what is 
 there left undone that might bring this once flourishing nation to a 
 chaos of confusion."* 
 
 Colonel Overton, the Governor of Hull, being a virulent repub- 
 lican, was now discharged from bis command, and Colonel Fairfax 
 was appointed by General Monk to succeed him. Though Fairfax 
 had contributed so effectually to the ruin of the King's affairs, yet 
 when he saw the divisions and distractions that followed those pro- 
 ceedings, he was the first person of quality who exerted bimself 
 in these parts for the purpose of effecting the restoration of the 
 monarchy ; and with this view he had kept a secret correspondence 
 with General Monk for some time. 
 
 On the 8th of May, 1600, Charles II. was proclaimed in London, 
 with great rejoicings, as the rightful Sovereign of the kingdom of 
 England. On this occasion Hull followed the current of the rest of 
 the kingdom, and united in the expression of that general joy which, 
 says Bishop Burnet, " the whole nation was drunk and mad with 
 for three years together."! On the 17th of May his Majesty was 
 proclaimed at Hull with much ceremony. The bells rung out their 
 merriest peals ; the cannons thundered from the walls and garrison ; 
 tbe people rent tho air with their joyful acclamations ; and the 
 bitterest execrations were poured on those who had been the cause 
 of his father's tragical death, and his own long and degrading exile. 
 On the 29th of the same month, the day on which he made his 
 public entry into London, the people of Hull were again profuse in 
 their expressions of loyalty. A gallows was erected in the Market- 
 place, from which they suspended the arms of the late Common- 
 wealth, together with the effigies of Oliver Cromwell and Judge 
 Bradshaw; and after hanging there most of the day, they were 
 
 * Town's Records. + History of his own times.
 
 134 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 taken down, put on a sledge, and drawn through the town ; after 
 which they were burnt in the presence of the soldiers under arms 
 and a great multitude of the people. 
 
 In the following month (June) the Corporation of Hull presented 
 a " dutiful address " to the King, in which they told his Majesty, 
 with what repugnancy and unspeakable sorrow they saw, as the 
 prologue to the late calamities of this nation, that sad and shameful 
 spectacle, when his Majesty's royal father of most glorious memory, 
 and his royal self, stood under their walls, and could not obtain ad- 
 mission ; and that it was with no less extreme of joy they did now 
 run out with the rest of his Majesty's people, to congratulate his 
 Majesty's happy return to his kingdoms, and to the full and peace- 
 able exercise of his government. That their former rudeness and 
 inhumanity, so fatal in the consequences, could never have happened 
 in a town so obliged and loyal to their Princes, had the inhabitants 
 been their own garrison ; or, had they not by an armed power been 
 forced about from that point of obedience to which their affections 
 naturally tended." They blessed God that " after so many afflic- 
 tions " he had restored his Majesty to his people ; and for the happy 
 effects of the same, which they said " were already diffused through 
 the whole nation. That traffic, trade, love, honesty, humanity, and 
 civility, grew up and increased every day more and more amongst 
 them. Justice was promoted (they continued), vice and profane- 
 ness discountenanced, magistracy and ministry encouraged; and 
 those various insects procreated out of the corruption of religion, 
 kicked down into the nastiness from whence they sprung." 
 
 This address was received very graciously, and the King an- 
 swered, that he was " sufficiently satisfied of the good affections and 
 loyalty " of the people of Hull to him and his father ; and that he 
 would " take care to shew them his particular favour and respect." 
 
 About the same time the Corporation agreed to make a humble 
 tender to the King of the fee-farm rents of the town (part of his 
 father's inheritance), which "had been so illegally and unjustly 
 alienated from the Crown in the time of the late usurpation." (See 
 p. 131.) In reply, his Majesty was pleased to declare that " he 
 received with pleasure such a mark of their affection and loyalty,
 
 HISTORY OP KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 135 
 
 and that he should never be wanting in his affections for the good 
 and prosperity of the town of Kingston-upon-Hull." 
 
 Charles now bestowed a signal testimony of his royal favour upon 
 Hull, on account of the recent loyalty it had displayed. By a 
 charter dated December 3rd, 1661, his Majesty not only ratified and 
 confirmed all the former charters granted to them, but he added 
 many new privileges which the burgesses had not hitherto enjoyed. 
 
 In the second Itinerary of the celebrated naturalist, Ray, in 1661, 
 is a notice of Hull, from which the following is extracted. Having 
 crossed the ferry from Barton, he says, " At Hull we were received 
 by soldiers, conducted to the main-guard, and examined by Captain 
 Widdrington, who was then upon guard ; who afterwards came to 
 our inn to visit us." He then gives a slight glance at Holy Trinity 
 Church, which " is built in form of a Cathedral, and hath, accord- 
 ing to the statute, a suffragan Bishop. Every one that is buried 
 here (he says) gives five shillings and sixpence towards the repair of 
 the Church. From the steeple we had a prospect of the town, 
 which is fair and well-built, every street paved handsomely. It is 
 fenced with a strong brick wall and a double ditch, with an high 
 earth-work between them." He then describes the Trinity House, 
 and adds, " We saw the Water-house which furnisheth the whole 
 town with fresh water. The water is drawn up by horses into 
 two cisterns, by a device which I had not before observed." He 
 then " viewed the Free-school, over which are two rooms ; one, in 
 which the Merchants have their feasts ; another with seats where 
 they meet to confer." Of the Corporation (the Mayor and twelve 
 Aldermen) he says " The Mayor hath a large mace borne before him 
 on festival days, and a cap of maintenance, and a small mace for 
 ordinary days; also two swords, the lesser given by King Richard 
 II., the larger by Henry VIII., but one borne at a time. There is 
 also a small mace for the Water Bailiff; also another called the 
 bloodwipe, which they use in parting of frays, and he that draws 
 blood of another forfeits a noble to the Mayoress. Besides these, 
 is a wooden ensign like a knife, called the Admiralty Mace, with 
 which the Water Sergeant aresteth ships. On the further side of 
 the river Hull," he adds, " stand three forts ; one called the North 
 Block-house, the Middle-most the Castle, and the third the South
 
 13G HISTOEY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Block-house ; all three garrisoned with soldiers, and built of brick. 
 The South Block-house which commands the Humber, is in good 
 repair ; the other two somewhat decayed. King Henry VIII., his 
 house called the Manor is now the Magazine. Hull is noted for 
 good ale. The town of Hull was (they say) of old time, a small 
 village called Wike, till the Merchants, leaving the Spurne or Sprun, 
 which is the utmost point of Holderness, upon the sea, because the 
 sea daily encroached upon their town there, came and seated them- 
 selves here, twenty miles higher up the Humber. Thence came 
 Hull to its growth and riches. The Governor of the town, at our 
 being there, was the Lord Bellasis." 
 
 In 1662, the whole kingdom that so lately exhibited so many 
 scenes of blood and desolation, seemed to be converted into a theatre 
 of riot and debauchery. The " merry monarch," as is well known, 
 was a polite dissipated gentleman, though in the alterations and 
 additious which were this year made in the Book of Common Prayer, 
 he was styled in the collect for the parliament, " our most religious 
 King." 
 
 Three years after the Piestoration a number of fanatics, headed by 
 conventicle preachers and old parliamentarian soldiers, attempted 
 to revive the old party feeling, which had then gradually subsided. 
 The objects of this remnant of the parliamentary faction, as expres- 
 sed in their printed declarations, were to establish a gospel magis- 
 tracy and ministry; to restore the long parliament; and to reform 
 all ranks and degrees of men, especially the lawyers and clergy. 
 They formed a scheme for surprising Hull and several other towns 
 in the north, and raising a general insurrection. They assembled 
 in arms in great numbers, at Farnley Wood, in Yorkshire, but the 
 time and place of their rendezvous being known to the Government, 
 a body of troops, was sent against them, several of them were 
 seized and further mischief was thereby prevented. The principal 
 leaders were shortly after tried by a special commission at York, 
 and twenty-one of them were condemned and executed ; two of 
 them were also quartered, and their mutilated bodies, with the heads 
 of the others, were placed over the several gates of the city. 
 
 In 1665, the plague again ravaged this Kingdom, and Hull was 
 thrown into the utmost terror and consternation ; though by prudent
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-IIUIX. 137 
 
 precautions, on the part of the authorities, it escaped the calamity.* 
 In 1G00, when James Duke of York and his Duchess were so- 
 journing for some time at York, they, attended by the Duke of 
 Buckingham and several of the nobility, visited Hull, and were well 
 received. Towards Newland they were met by the Sheriff and 
 principal burgesses on horseback, and at the Beverley Gate by the 
 Mayor, Recorder, and Aldermen, in their robes of office, when the 
 Recorder made a speech to his Highness, and presented him with a 
 curious purse containing fifty guineas ; after which they conducted 
 the Duke and his retinue to the house of Colonel Gilby, where they 
 were sumptuously entertained and lodged. The next day they were 
 entertained by the Mayor, at an expense of £170. ; and on the third 
 day these royal and costly visitors returned to York. 
 
 In 1667, fears having been entertained that it was intended to 
 enter the Humber with a Dutch fleet, and to burn the shipping and 
 destroy the town of Hull, Charles ordered the Governor to put the 
 town in the best posture of defence. Accordingly all the cannon 
 was immediately mounted ; two companies were formed out of the 
 inhabitants ; and three old ships of a large size were procured from 
 the Wardens of Trinity House, to sink in the haven's mouth, to pre- 
 vent the enemy's fire ships from entering. Such was the posture of 
 affairs at Hull when part of the enemy's ships appeared off the 
 Spurn Point ; but a squadron of the English fleet soon engaged 
 them at the mouth of the Humber, and obtained a decided victory. 
 In the same year, the King, having spent a great part of the money 
 which was granted him by parliament for the support of the fleet 
 and army, sent a letter to the Governor of Hull, to procure a loan 
 
 * This dreadful epidemic made its appearance in London in the month of June, 
 1665, and continued till the beginning of the year following, during which time more 
 than 1 00,000 persons are said to have died of it. The houses of infected families 
 were ordered to be shut up for a month, and a naming red cross, one foot in length, 
 was painted on the doors of such houses, with the words, " Lord have mercy on us," 
 placed above it; and the wretched inmates were doomed to remain under the same 
 roof, communicating death one to the other. The pest-cart went round at night to 
 receive the victims of the last twenty-four hours. No coffins were prepared; no 
 funeral service was read ; no mourners were permitted to follow the remains of their 
 relatives or friends. The cart proceeded to the nearest cemetery, and shot its burden 
 into the common grave, a deep and spacious pit, capable of holding some scores of 
 bodies. 
 
 T
 
 138 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 from its opulent inhabitants. This request was readily complied 
 with, and a considerable sum was advanced, which, however, was 
 allowed out of the assessments. 
 
 On the 3rd of January, 1669, died, that famous General and 
 Admiral, George Monk, Duke of Albemarle, the principal person in 
 effecting the restoration of Charles II. He had been High Steward 
 of Kingston-upon-Hull since 1661, and in that honourable office he 
 was succeeded by Lord Bellasis ; but soon afterwards, when the 
 Test Act* was passed, that nobleman, being a Catholic, resigned 
 both his office of Governor and High Steward, and the King ap- 
 pointed James, Duke of Monmouth, his Majesty's natural son, and 
 Captain-General of the army, to succeed him in both offices. 
 
 In the month of November, 1672, the city of York and the town 
 of Hull conjointly petitioned the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of 
 England, to issue out his Majesty's commission to certain gentle- 
 men, under the statute of Henry VIII., cap. 18, for the protection 
 of ships, keels, boats, or other vessels, passing between York and 
 Hull. Having obtained this commission, on the 24th of September 
 in the following year, the commissioners examined the river, and 
 found at Skelton, two fish garths consisting of twenty rooms ; one 
 at Sandholme Bank, consisting of twenty-eight rooms ; two at Salt- 
 marsh ; one at Crabley, crossing the river ; and two at Blacktoft, 
 standing in the middle of it, with sands on both sides. All these 
 were judged common nuisances, and the owners had notice to pull 
 them up within thirty days after the notice, all which being com- 
 plied with, the navigation between the two places was rendered 
 more safe than it had been for several years before. 
 
 In 1675 copper tokens were issued in Hull by W. Wilberfoss and 
 other tradesmen. 
 
 A few years later the King's proceedings were very arbitrary, 
 and, in fact, he reigned almost absolute. In 1682 the Duke of 
 Monmouth and several noblemen and gentlemen combined to as- 
 
 * The Test Act obliged every person engaged in any public office or employment to 
 take the oaths of allegiance and supremacy, to receive the sacrament in some parish 
 church, and deliver a certificate signed by the minister and churchwardens, attested 
 by the oath of two credible witnesses, that he had acted in this manner, and also to 
 subscribe a declaration renouncing the doctrine of transubstantiation.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-TJPON-HUIX. 139 
 
 sassinate him, but before they could put their design into execution, 
 the scheme was discovered ; the Duke absconded, and Lord Russell, 
 Algernon Sidney, Hampden (grandson of the famous parliamenta- 
 rian of that name), and some others of less note, were tried, con- 
 demned, and executed. This conspiracy was afterwards called the 
 Ryehouse Plot. 
 
 When the Duke of Monmouth was deprived of his offices in 
 1682, the Earl of Plymouth was made High Steward and Governor 
 of Hull. The Earl came to the town in great state, attended by 
 Lord Windsor, Sir John Legard of Ganton, Sir Willoughby Hick- 
 man, and several other gentlemen. Captain Copley, the Deputy 
 Governor, met them at Barton, to conduct them over the Humber, 
 and at the landing staith the Corporation received them in due 
 form. The noble Governor and his party were entertained on that 
 day by Captain Copley, and on the day following by the Mayor, 
 and, after dinner, all of them were presented with the freedom of 
 the Corporation. The Earl of Plymouth was also made Recorder 
 of Hull ; and this is the only instance of the three offices of High 
 Steward, Governor, and Recorder, being ever in the possession of 
 the same person. 
 
 In 1683 the King intimidated the different Corporations of the 
 realm into a surrender of their charters, in order to gain an ascen- 
 dency over the kingdom, as well as to extort money for the renewal 
 of the charters. To effect this design emissaries were sent to the 
 principal Corporations, who intimated to them, " that scarce one of 
 them would escape entire forfeiture, were the King to exercise the 
 power he was possessed of." The infamous Judge Jefferies, and 
 Judge Holloway, were sent to Hull on this occasion, and the former 
 assured the Corporation " that the only way to gain the King's 
 favour, and to avert the mischief which hung over their heads, was 
 to make a ready and voluntary surrender of their charter, in order 
 to receive a new one in its stead, such as the King should think 
 
 * About this period the laws against Dissenters, which had been suspended for some 
 years, were put in full execution. The Duke of Monmouth ordered the suppression 
 of the two dissenting meeting houses at Hull, and the apprehension of the ministers. 
 One of them, the Rev. Mr. Ashley, escaped, but the other (the Rev. C. Charliss, of 
 Bowlalley-lane Chapel) was imprisoned for six months. The latter gentleman had 
 been, in 1662, ejected from a living in Derbyshire, for non-conformity.
 
 140 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 proper to grant. The Corporation, seeing how futile it would be to 
 contend with the Court at this juncture, immediately surrendered 
 the charter into the Kiug's hands ; and this readiness to obey the 
 royal desire, coupled with the fact that the people of Hull had paid 
 tonnage and poundage in the reign of Charles I., without reluctance, 
 did in the end operate to the advantage of the town ; for the King, 
 upon the payment of the required consideration, renewed the charter 
 to the entire satisfaction of the burgesses. 
 
 The efforts of the King towards the latter part of his reign, to 
 render himself absolute, and to govern by prerogative alone, excited 
 general discontent in the country ; and the nation was again threat- 
 ened with a repetition of those horrors from which it had so recently 
 escaped. Before these calamities could return, however, Charles 
 was suddenly seized with an apoplectic fit, of which he died in 
 1685, in the 25th year of his reign, and the 55th of his age.* 
 
 James, Duke of York, was proclaimed in Hull, under the title of 
 King James II., on the fourth day after the death of Charles, not- 
 withstanding the many efforts that had been made for his exclusion, 
 on account of his known attachment to the Catholic faith. In the 
 following year the Judges Allybone and Powell held the assizes at 
 Hull, and on the day after their arrival (being Sunday), the former 
 requested the Sheriff and his officers to attend him to the Catholic 
 Chapel. This they did as far as the door of the Chapel, but they 
 could not be prevailed upon to enter with him, and be present 
 at the service. 
 
 The Earl of Plymouth died November 3, 1688, and Marmaduke, 
 second Lord Langdale, succeeded him as Governor; and Lord Henry 
 Dover as High Steward of Hull. 
 
 Having published a declaration for liberty of conscience, dissolved 
 the parliament, aud used every means to procure such a new one as 
 would repeal the penal laws and Test Act, it was pretty generally 
 believed that the King's intention was to introduce the Catholic 
 religion. Great efforts were made to procure addresses from the 
 different Corporations, thanking him for his declaration of liberty of 
 
 * The reign of Charles II. is generally calculated from the date of his father's 
 execution, 1(349, and not from the Restoration.
 
 HISTOEY OF KTNOSTON-UPON-HULTi. 141 
 
 conscience ; but the people took the alarm, and the royal proclama- 
 tion was condemned by them. The inhabitants of Hull having 
 given offence to the King, by showing a disposition to elect as their 
 representatives in parliament, men who were opposed to the Court, 
 the enraged Monarch, to punish the town for the supposed insolence 
 of disobeying him, by not returning members of his own choosing, 
 sent down 1,200 soldiers to live amongst them on free quarters ; and 
 to make the town still more sensible of his resentment, he issued 
 out his writ of quo warranto against their charters. Finding it vain 
 to contend, the Corporation surrendered all their powers, privileges, 
 and franchises, into the hands of the King; but in about two months 
 a new charter was granted, by which the Mayor and four Aldermen 
 were deprived of office, and men of opposite principles placed in 
 their stead. In a few weeks after, Judge Jefferies visited the town, 
 and deprived the Corporation of their charter ; but in the course of 
 the same year (1688J, the King granted another charter, by which 
 he changed the Mayor, Sheriffs, and Chamberlains ; and Lord 
 Langdale, the then Governor of Hull, was also appointed to the 
 office of Recorder. 
 
 The 30th of September following, being the day of election, the 
 Corporation chose Mr. Delachamp for their Mayor, but the King 
 soon after sent an order commanding them not to swear that gen- 
 tleman into office, but to continue Mr. Hoar, their late Mayor, for 
 another year, and to do the same both with the Sheriffs and Cham- 
 berlains. The Corporation, dreading heavier marks of the King's 
 displeasure, reluctantly obeyed. Things however did not continue 
 many weeks in this state, for, on the 5th of November, the Prince 
 of Orange landed 15,000 troops on the Devonshire coast. Lord 
 Langdale, fully expecting the Prince would enter the Humber, had 
 prepared Hull for a siege, but when the news reached him that the 
 Prince had landed at Torbay, the consternation and confusion with 
 which the town was filled for some days previous abated a little. 
 Most of the Catholics in the neighbourhood fled from the rage of 
 the incensed rural inhabitants, and flew for sanctuary to Hull, under 
 the protection of Lord Langdale and Lord Montgomery, who were 
 both of that faith. The malcontents now began to show them- 
 selves, and several insurrections happened in different places. Lords
 
 142 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Danby, Fairfax, Horton, and other persons of quality, possessed 
 themselves of York, and declared for a free parliament. 
 
 The town and garrison of Hull remained in the possession of the 
 Catholic party, who were in favour of James, until the 3rd of De- 
 cember, when it was apprehended that a plot was formed by the 
 Governor and his adherents to secure all the Protestant officers. 
 Under this impression Fort-Major Barrat, Captain Copley, Captain 
 Hanmer, and the other Protestant officers, consulted with the ma- 
 gistrates, and it was determined to call privately to arms all the 
 Protestant soldiers, to secure the Governor and the principal persons 
 of his party. These measures were concerted with such prudence 
 and secrecy that the Governor (Lord Langdale) knew nothing of the 
 business until he was seized in his quarters. Nearly at the same 
 moment Lord Montgomery was secured by Captain Fitzherbert, 
 and Major Mahony by the Fort-Major. The inferior officers of that 
 party were also secured, and the next morning Captain Copley, with 
 one hundred men, marched out to relieve the guard, who were still 
 ignorant of what had been transacted in the night, and, without 
 difficulty, seized the Catholic officers and soldiers whom he found 
 there. The town, fort, and citadel, were now easily secured ; and 
 the anniversary of this event was long celebrated at Hull by the 
 name of " The Town-taking Day." 
 
 The unhappy Monarch, finding that he could no longer govern 
 in the manner he wished, resolved to abandon a nation where he 
 was hated, and where perhaps it was unsafe for him to remain much 
 longer. He first sent off the Queen and the infant Prince, and soon 
 after embarked himself for France, where he arrived in safety, and 
 thus was the ill-fated house of Stuart cashiered for misrule, by the 
 national will. The throne was now declared vacant, and the affairs 
 of the kingdom being in great confusion, the Prince of Orange issued 
 directions to the nation for choosing members to serve it in a par- 
 liament appointed to assemble at Westminster, on the 22nd of 
 January, 1689. The election for this borough took place on the 
 10th of January, when John Ramsden and William Gee, Esqrs., 
 were chosen without opposition. This assembly is called in history 
 the " Convention Parliament." After prescribing to the Prince of 
 Orange the terms by which he was to govern, and determining the
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 143 
 
 disputed limits between the King and the people, the parliament, 
 as the representatives of the nation, chose him for their King, jointly 
 with his royal consort Mary, daughter to the fugitive Monarch. 
 Lord Langdale was displaced, and Sir John Hotham, a descendant 
 of the Governor who was beheaded by Cromwell's parliament, was 
 appointed Governor of Hull in his stead. But the knight being 
 very old died soon after, and was succeeded by the Duke of Leeds. 
 Lord Dover refusing to take the prescribed oaths, William, fourth 
 Earl of Kingston, was appointed High Steward ; and the latter was 
 succeeded in his office, in 1691, by the Marquis of Carmarthen. 
 The celebrated Lord Chief Justice Holt, and Judge Turton, held an 
 assizes here in July, 1691, when a man named Bannister was con- 
 demned and executed. In 1698 the Corporation resolved that for 
 the future, the judges who visited the town to hold assizes, should 
 have such a present made them as was the custom in the city of 
 York ; and that the town would be at no further charge in making 
 public entertainments for them. 
 
 In the year 1703, Mr. John Ellerker, of Anlaby, was summoned 
 to appear at the Quarter Sessions of the Peace, and bring with him 
 his eldest son, to be shown in the court ; which, if he would refuse 
 to do, to be proceeded against according to law, being a Catholic and 
 suspected to have conveyed his son to some " seminary or popish 
 school beyond the seas, to be brought up in the Komish religion, 
 contrary to the laws of this realm." 
 
 On the death of Queen Anne, in August, 1714, George I. son of 
 Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick, and Sophia, grand-daughter 
 of James I., pursuant to the Act of Succession, ascended the British 
 throne. On the 20th of October his Majesty was crowned, and in 
 honour of the event there were considerable rejoicings at Hull. A 
 sumptuous entertainment took place at the Town Hall, and a quan- 
 tity of liquor was distributed in the Market-place to the populace. 
 
 In 1715 (11th July) a fire broke out in High-street " which burnt 
 a day and a night (says Hadley) and destroyed many houses;" the 
 the damage sustained thereby, was estimated at £20,000. In 1719 
 most of the streets were paved with a ridge in the middle instead of 
 a gutter. In 1728 Baron Hall and Judge Page held the assizes 
 here, when a man named Patrick was condemned for stealing plate,
 
 144 HISTORY OF KIKGSTON-UPON-HTTIX. 
 
 but he made his escape. In 1731 the " Town's Husband," or 
 common officer, was ordered to take care that a " Cucking-stool " 
 should be provided, and conveniently situated at South-end for the 
 punishment of scolds and unquiet women.* A man named War- 
 dale was executed here this year, for murdering his wife. In 1736 
 Baron Fortescue presided at the Hull assizes ; and notwithstanding 
 the resolution to the contrary, before-mentioned, the Corporation paid 
 " Mr. Mayor " £120. for entertaining the Judge, Grand Jury, &c. 
 
 A fish " of the whale kind," 46 feet long, was taken in the Hum- 
 ber in this year. It was claimed by the Mayor, as Admiral of the 
 Humber, but for the encouragement of the captors, he ordered one 
 half of the value of the fish to be given to them ; and he decreed at 
 the same time, that "for the future " one half of the nett profit of 
 all large fish, and other things that should be taken in the Humber, 
 and which belong to the Admiral, should be given to the captors 
 thereof. 
 
 A midwife died here in 1739, at the age of 67 ; and by her books 
 it appeared she had ushered into the world 9,789 children, in the 
 course of forty years practice. 
 
 In 1743, early in the morning of the 12th of April, the house of 
 Henry Maister, Esq., in High-street, was discovered to be on fire, 
 and the flames raged with such fury, and made such a rapid progress, 
 that it was with difficulty any of the family could be apprised of the 
 
 * The punishment of the Clicking or Ducking Stool, or Tumbrel!, was anciently in- 
 flicted upon persons for minor transgressions. The culprit was placed in a stool or 
 chair, and emerged over head and ears, in siercore, in some muddy or stinking pond. 
 The Burrow laws consign men to the pillory, and women to the cucking stool or 
 tumbrell. These laws particularly refer to the frauds committed by brewers and 
 bakers, and orders justice to be done upon them by subjecting tliem to the discipline 
 of the eucking stool for their third offence. In the " Actes Marie " it is expressly 
 provided " That the women perturbatouris for skafrie of money or vtherwise, salbe 
 takin and put vpon the cukstules of eurie burgh or towne." In the Saxon tongue 
 cuck, or guck, signifies to scold or brawl, taken from the bird cuckoo, or guckoo ; and 
 ing in that language signifies water. In the north of England the common people 
 pronounce it ducking-stool, which perhaps may have sprung from the Belgic or Teu- 
 tonic ducken, to dive under water. This machine, which has also been called the 
 trebucket or trap-door, was exhibited in terrorem to keep that unruly member, the 
 female tongue, in due subjection, but many instances occur of hardy females, who 
 have undauntedly braved the punishment rather than surrender the invaluable pri- 
 vilege which a woman holds most dear.
 
 HISTORY OF KINCSTON-UPON-HULL. 145 
 
 danger that surrounded them in time enough to provide for their 
 safety; and notwithstanding all the assistance that could he given, 
 Mrs. Maister, a child, and two maid servants, perished in the flames. 
 The lady might have escaped, had not her maternal affection urged 
 her to make an attempt to save the life of her child — in which at- 
 tempt she was unfortunately unsuccessful, and lost her own life. 
 
 In the time of the rebellion of 1745 this town was not inactive, 
 for when news reached it that the rebels had defeated the King's 
 forces under General Cope, at Preston Pans, the Magistrates and the 
 principal inhabitants assembled, and determined to put the town 
 in the best state of defence, and for this purpose they subscribed 
 the sum of £1,900. The ditches, which had long been neglected, 
 were thoroughly cleansed, breast works and batteries were erected, 
 and in order to animate the people by their example, the principal 
 gentlemen and merchants incessantly laboured at the works till 
 they were completed, and the Magistrates being authorised to call 
 the townsmen to arms, and officer them at discretion, thirteen com- 
 panies of infantry and four of artillery were raised, armed, disci- 
 plined, and officered. 
 
 In November, 1746, the wind blew a huricane for two days and 
 nights, " which surpassed anything in the memory of man (says 
 Hadley), and great damage was done to the shipping in those parts." 
 August 23rd, 1750 (23 Geo. II), about seven o'clock in the morn- 
 ing, a gentle shock of earthquake was felt in Hull, though no noise 
 was heard. It was likewise felt in some of the neighbouring ham- 
 lets. Several fiery meteors, or balls of fire, of a reddish hue, were 
 observed during several nights about the same time, shooting through 
 the air. On the 6th of June, 1756, several persons and houses in 
 llobinson-row were injiu'ed by a thunder storm. 
 
 In 1761 a Court of Piequests was established by Act of 2 Geo. 
 III., cap. 38 ; and the powers of this court were enlarged in 1808. 
 
 In 1762 an Act was obtained for the better regulating and light- 
 ing the streets of Hull ; and in the same year the Market-house 
 (which obstructed the Market-place) and some houses behind it, be- 
 longing to the Vicar of the parish, were taken down, by which means 
 the Market-place was enlarged, and rendered much more commo- 
 dious than formerly. The Marquis of Eockiugham became High 
 
 u
 
 140 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Steward of Hull in 1766. The noble Marquis died in 1782, and 
 his remains were buried in the Cathedral of York with great solem- 
 nity. The Duke of Leeds succeeded to the office of High Steward 
 in 1786. In 1770 Myton-carr was enclosed. 
 
 In 1771 William Wilberforce, Esq., after discharging the duties 
 of the office of Alderman for nearly fifty years, " finding the infir- 
 mities of old age had rendered him incapable of attending and ex- 
 ecuting that trust (writes Tickell), desired leave to resign his gown, 
 that he might pass the remainder of his days in a relaxation from 
 all public business." The resignation was accepted. 
 
 On the 19th of August, 1778, the last public execution took place 
 at Hull — that of John Kogerson. In 1780 William Wilberforce, 
 Esq., son of the above-named alderman, was elected M.P. for Hull ; 
 and in the same year the inhabitants of this town petitioned the 
 authorities to cause annual assizes to be held at Hull. The judges 
 afterwards came here every three years. In 1782 the Corporation 
 of Hull resolved to subscribe £500. towards the raising of volunteer 
 companies for the defence of the town and neighbourhood. In the 
 same year Sir Eichard Pearson, late Captain of the ship of war, 
 " Serapis," and Captain Thomas Piercy, R.N., late of the " Countess 
 of Scarborough," were presented with the freedom of the borough, 
 for their gallant defence of the Baltic fleet against that notorious 
 Anglo-American buccaneer, Paul Jones, on the 23rd of September, 
 1779. 
 
 The centenary of the Revolution — called the " Revolution Jubi- 
 lee " — was celebrated on the 5th of November, 1788, in every part 
 of the kingdom ; but nowhere with more striking demonstrations of 
 joy than in the town of Hull. The programme of the festivities 
 included a magnificent procession, the ringing of bells, the booming 
 of cannon, the discharge of musketry, bands of music, an immense 
 display of flags, banners, and orange ribbons, libations before the 
 equestrian statue of King William, in the Market-place, sumptuous 
 entertainments, grand display of fireworks, general illuminations, a 
 grand ball, &c. 
 
 In the year following, when King George III. recovered from the 
 alarming malady under which he for some time laboured, no town 
 in England testified more joy and loyalty than that of Hull. The
 
 HISTORY 01? KINGSTON-UTON-HULL. 147 
 
 day appointed to celebrate this happy event was spent in public re- 
 joicings, and at night a splendid illumination took .place. The 
 Trinity House alone exhibited, on this occasion, upwards of 700 
 lamps, forming a superb and magnificent crown. Another not less 
 brilliant sparkled over the Custom House. 
 
 In 1794 assizes were opened in Hull for the last time, on the 31st 
 of July, Mr. Justice Rooke and Mr. Justice Lawrence being the 
 judges. Arrangements were afterwards made for the trial at York 
 of prisoners committed to the assizes here. It was customary to 
 salute the judges when they came to Hull, with the firing of cannon 
 from the battery at the South-end. 
 
 In the early part of this year an Act was passed for procuring a 
 supply of men from the several seaports of the kingdom, for the 
 service of the navy. The quota of men to be raised by the port of 
 Hull was 731. On April 7th the Mayor, Aldermen, principal 
 members of Trinity House, with most of the merchants, shipowners, 
 twenty-one Commissioners for executing the Act, the boys of the 
 Trinity House School, with a band of music, and sailors carrying 
 flags, paraded the principal streets of Hull in procession, for the 
 purpose of " beating up for navy volunteers." An immense crowd 
 followed ; and indeed the effect of the spectacle altogether was the 
 most striking and novel of anything that had been exhibited here 
 since the anniversary of the Revolution, in 1788. One of the chief 
 features of the procession was a boat handsomely painted and 
 adorned with flags, &c, and fixed on a carriage adapted for the 
 purpose. In this boat were six sailors, who distributed ale and 
 biscuits to the populace. The carriage and boat were drawn by a 
 number of sailors. The volunteers do not appear to have presented 
 themselves very quickly, for up to the middle of November, 1795, 
 the Hull newspapers contained advertisements for "a number of 
 brave fellows" to serve in the navy, "in defence of the British con- 
 stitution against French perfidy." 
 
 During the wars of Buonaparte the system which was carried on 
 of impressing sailors for the Royal Navy, led to many riots here. 
 In those times a vessel of war laid off the Hull Garrison, and was 
 called the Inner Guard-ship, and there was sometimes another, called 
 the Outer Guard-ship, moored in the channel a few miles down the
 
 148 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 
 
 Humber, at Whitebooth roads. Tbe boats of these vessels boarded 
 many of the ships that entered the port, and took off every man that 
 was pressable. There were likewise on shore a couple of officers 
 and twelve men, called the " Press Gang," who prowled about the 
 streets and public houses by day and night, and seized every sailor 
 they could fiud. On the 19th of July, 1794, the ship " Sarah and 
 Elizabetb," of Hull, homeward bound from Davis' Straits, was at- 
 tacked off St. Abb's Head, by the frigate of war, " Aurora," with the 
 intention of impressing the crew. The latter took refuge beneath 
 tbe hatches, which they fastened down ; but the sailors of the 
 Aurora forced open the hatches, and the marines fired down amongst 
 them, killing Edward Bogg, the carpenter's mate (who was buried 
 in the churchyard of Drypool), and wounding three. Most of the 
 crew of the Sarah and Elizabeth were seized and carried off to the 
 Nore, and fifteen men from the Aurora took the Greenlandman to 
 Hull. A coroner's jury having declared that Edward Bogg was 
 wilfully murdered by Captain Essington and part of the crew of the 
 Aurora, Mr. Pease, of Hull, banker, proceeded to London to get the 
 case investigated; but Captain Essington was removed by the Ad- 
 miralty into a 74 gun ship, and sent out to the East Indies, whence 
 he did not return for several years. 
 
 Here we shall digress from the chronological order of our annals, 
 to relate a few press-gang incidents. 
 
 In the year 1798, the ship "Blenheim," returning from the Green- 
 land seas to Hull, was attacked at Whitebooth roads by the " Non- 
 such " and " Redoubt " men-of-war, stationed there as guard-ships. 
 Two or three boats' crews, well armed, were sent from these ships 
 for the purpose of impressing the seamen of the Blenheim ; who, 
 armed with large Greenland knives and spears, resolutely opposed 
 their getting on board. The " Nautilus " sloop-of-war being in the 
 Hull roads at the same time, her Captain sent a boat's crew to assist 
 the Nonsuch and the Ptedoubt men. The guard-ships fired numer- 
 ous shots at the Blenheim, to bring her to, but without success. 
 The crew of the whaler, determined not to be impressed, secured 
 their master and the pilot in the cabin, to prevent their interference, 
 and then brought the ship to the entrance of the harbour, where she 
 unfortunately took the ground. The boats from the three war ships
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 149 
 
 then surrounded her, and the boat's crew of the Nonsuch attempted 
 to board her; several shots were exchanged between the Blenheim 
 and this boat, and, sad to relate, some of those on board the boat 
 were desperately wounded. The attacking parties despairing of 
 success rowed to the shore, and conveyed their wounded to the hos- 
 pital, where two of the latter died of their wounds ; and the crew of 
 the Blenheim (none of whom were wounded) quickly got on shore 
 also.* The South-end, the different ship yards in Humber-street 
 aud the Garrison-side, were crowded with spectators during this 
 struggle. The two men who died in the hospital (John Burnick 
 and John Sykes) were interred in Drypool churchyard. Another 
 man belonging to the Nonsuch, named Bell, had three of his fingers 
 cut off, in attempting to board the Blenheim. He remained in 
 Hull afterwards, and was nick-named " Three-fingered Jack." The 
 Captain of the Blenheim was taken to York Castle, and at the fol- 
 lowing assizes was tried for the murder of the man-of-war's men ; 
 but he was acquitted ; aud on his l'eturn to Hull he was received 
 by the populace with great rejoicings, and regularly chaired through 
 the town. The Blenheim belonged to Benjamin Blaydes, Esq., and 
 others. She, together with some other whalers, were afterwards 
 burnt at Davis' Straits by French frigates, which escaped the vigi- 
 lance of the English cruisers. The Frenchmen destroyed the En- 
 glish vessels because they could not succeed in capturing and taking 
 them to France. 
 
 On the 20th of July in the same year, r. riot took place at Hull, 
 when Lieutenant Loten and a press-gang which he commanded, 
 were attacked and assaulted by the populace. The militia were 
 called out to put down the rioters. 
 
 About the year 1803 the public-house in Church-lane, called the 
 
 * In 1795, when Sir Samuel Standidge, Mayor of Hull, after having been Knighted 
 | by King George III., was returning from London, the Barton ferry-boat was deco- 
 rated with flags; and the Mayor being Admiral of the Humber, his pennant floated 
 ifrom the mast. The Nonsuch, commanded by Captain Blackwood, was then stationed 
 in the Humber, opposite the river Hull, and for some cause or another the Captain 
 Istruck the Mayor's pennant; and for this the Nonsuch was immediately ordered to 
 Whitebooth roads, and Captain Blackwood was replaced by Captain Woolley. The 
 latter gentleman commanded the Nonsuch at the time of the attack upon the Blen- 
 heim referred to in the text.
 
 150 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 " Ship Glory," which had heen a rendezvous for the impressment of 
 sailors, was partially destroyed by a mob. The front of this house, 
 as well as that of a few of the houses adjoining, still retain their an- 
 tique appearance — the upper stories projecting over the lower ones. 
 
 In 1811 the press-gangs contained amongst their number three 
 or four natives of Hull — one of whom was a noted character called 
 Jem White, son of a well known person called Jacliey White. This 
 man was much disliked by the populace through having frequently 
 given information respecting the whereabouts of seamen with whom 
 he had been acquainted before he joined the press-gang ; and on one 
 occasion his lodgings in West-street was attacked by a crowd, prin- 
 cipally women, vowing his destruction. White, cutlass in hand, at 
 the top of the stairs defended himself, until a strong body of soldiers 
 from the Main-guard, in Waterworks-street, arrived and dispersed 
 the assailants, and then conducted him in safety to the tender — the 
 women following, shouting, and hooting him the whole of the way. 
 
 At that period the press-gangs used frequently go to the Bull Inn, 
 on the Beverley road, stop the coaches, and seize any sailors that 
 might happen to be passengers. On one occasion, it is related, 
 they stopped a coach and dragged from it a sailor, who struggled 
 violently with his kidnappers. A number of women who were hay- 
 making in a neighbouring field came to the rescue, and with their 
 hay-forks put the gang to flight. These brave Amazonians then 
 placed the sailor in a carrier's waggon, shouldered their hay-forks, 
 and escorted him through Newland-bar. 
 
 One evening in July, 1815, a sailor passing over North Bridge was 
 seized by a press-gang, and whilst they were dragging him along, 
 he slipped his arms out of his jacket, and leaving it in their hands, 
 ran away, down Bridge-street, hotly pursued by the gang. The 
 lockpit of the Old Dock basin being then undergoing repairs, a 
 number of workmen (" navvies ") joined the mob and liberated the 
 sailor. A regular chase, or running fight, was kept up through 
 Low-gate. The gang applied in vain for assistance at the Mansion 
 House, and dispersed to their several homes ; but the mob, now 
 exasperated, proceeded in a riotous manner through the Market- 
 place and Humber-street to the press-gang's rendezvous. Here the 
 Riot Act wasread, but it was of no avail, for the mob (many of whom
 
 HISTORY OF KJNGSTON-UPON-HULL. 151 
 
 were sailors) completely wrecked the house. Some of them entered 
 the neighbouring block yard of Mr. John Atkins, and brought from 
 thence a spar about thirty feet long, which they used as a battering 
 ram, and with which they destroyed the front of the building. They 
 tossed the ale casks and spirit kegs into the street, and broke and 
 threw the furniture into the river. This affair cost the town about 
 d£l,200. The wrecked rendezvous stood on the site of the building 
 now numbered 41, in Humber-street. The rendezvous was afterwards 
 held at the " Labour in Vain " public house, in the same locality. 
 
 As the ship-wrights were leaving their work at one of the ship- 
 yards, on an evening about the same period, one of them was seized 
 by " the gang," who were lurking about to press the men. A regular 
 fight took place, and at length the assailed man jumped into the 
 Humber Dock, hoping to effect his escape by swimming. Imme- 
 diately two of the human blood-hounds took the water after him, 
 and the strife that followed was terrific. The ship-wright seized 
 one of the gangs-men by the throat, and held him with an iron 
 grip; the other gangs-man beating his antagonist over the head 
 with one hand, and furiously striking the water with the other ; 
 and during this time a fierce contest was going on between the 
 gang and the ship-wrights on the dock-side. The battle in the 
 water was terrible, each struggling with hate and death. At length 
 some sailors from a neighbouring vessel put off in a boat, and 
 rescued the intended victim from the gangs-men, in a very ex- 
 hausted state. 
 
 It appears to have been customary for shipbuilders to procure 
 " Protections " or rather exemptions from impressment for their 
 workmen in those troublous times. Mr. Thomas Walton, surgeon, 
 of Hull, possesses one of those documents. It was granted by the 
 Lord High Chancellor to Mr. Walton's great-uncle, and is addressed 
 to "All Commanders and Officers of His Majesty's Ships, Press- 
 masters, and all others whom it doth or may concern;" and it 
 commences thus : — " You are hereby required and directed not to 
 impress into His Majesty's Service thirty shipwrights and six ap- 
 prentices employed by Mr. Nicholas Walton, ship builder, of Hull, 
 provided they are not seamen." The document contains a description 
 of the men and bovs.
 
 152 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 On the 4th of November, 1795, H. R. H. Prince William (after- 
 wards Duke) of Gloucester arrived here from York. On the day fol- 
 lowing his Highness reviewed the volunteer companies, Surrey Mi- 
 litia, and Hanoverian Horse ; after which he went to the Garrison 
 to review the Invalids, when a royal salute was fired from the bat- 
 tery. He then proceeded on board the " Nonsuch " man-of-war sta- 
 tioned here, and on his return he accepted the freedom of the Cor- 
 poration, and was made a Brother of Trinity House.* He then 
 dined with the Mayor (Samuel Standidge, Esq.) and several of the 
 principal inhabitants of the town ; and in the evening he went in 
 the Mayor's carriage, and accompanied by that gentleman, to the 
 Theatre-royal, then in Finkle-street. The performances on the oc- 
 casion were the comedy of " The Rivals," and the farce of " The 
 Spoiled Child." Prince William was the first of the royal family 
 who visited this town since its gates were shut against King Charles 
 I., in 1642. 
 
 A few days later the Corporations of the town and the Trinity 
 House voted congratulatory addresses to the King (George III.) on 
 his late escape from the furious attack of a London mob.f The 
 Mayor, Samuel Standidge, Esq. (who was also a Warden of Trinity 
 House), presented both of the addresses on the 18th of November, 
 and returned to Hull Sir Samuel Standidge, Knight. 
 
 A large sum of money having been raised by subscription, the 
 subscribers obtained an Act of Parliament in 1790 for laying out 
 
 * Sir Samuel Standidge, Knt., having been deputed to present Trince William of 
 Gloucester with two elegant gold boxes, containing the freedom of the Corporation 
 and the Brotherhood of Trinity House, which were voted to his Eoyal Highness during 
 his late visit to this place, " set off to town " on this business on Saturday last. 
 Hull Advertiser of Saturday, 26th March, 1796. 
 
 + The attack upon the King took place on the 5th of November, on his way to and 
 from the Parliament House. The royal procession passed from Buckingham House, 
 amidst a living mass of human beings, estimated at 150,000. In Parliament-street, 
 amidst vociferations of "Down with Pitt," "No War," "Peace, peace," "Give us 
 Bread," " No Famine," and many such indecorous expressions, stones and other mis- 
 siles were hurled at the state carriage, and it was suspected that the coach was pierced 
 even by a bullet. This outrage was repeated as the procession returned from the 
 House of Peers, and the King left the state carriage at St. James's Palace, where the 
 mob pelted it with stones, and did it great injury. The King afterwards proceeded 
 in his private coach to Buckingham House (now Buckingham Palace), still followed 
 by the enraged populace, shouting and yelling in a most barbarous manner.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-lIULL. 153 
 
 and making a new street from Whitefriar-gate to the south cud of 
 Quay-street. The new street was called Parliament-street. 
 
 Horse racing, advertised as " Hull Races," took place on a course 
 on the Anlaby-road, on the 26th of July in this year and two fol- 
 lowing days, under the stewardship of Sir C. Turner, Bart. There 
 was but one race each day — heats. One of the jockeys, a man 
 named George Heron, was killed on the second day, by being 
 thrown from the horse he was riding in the race. 
 
 Acts were this year passed for augmenting the militia by 6,000 
 men, in the several counties in England, for the service of the 
 country; and for augmenting the navy, by raising 15,000 men. 
 The proportion of the militia for the East Eiding of Yorkshire (in- 
 cluding Hull) was 227 ; and for the navy, 861 men. 
 
 In March, 1797, the Duke of Leeds came to Hull for the purpose 
 of examining the provisional cavalry of this district, when a grand 
 review took place at the Garrison, of the Hull and Cottingham 
 Volunteers, the cavalry, &c. 
 
 The merchants, bankers, shipowners, traders, &c. of Hull, in 
 February, 1798, entered into a voluntary subscription, (as did the 
 inhabitants of other places) for the defence of the country in its then 
 emergency — a French invasion being apprehended. The Corpora- 
 tions of the town and Trinity House also promoted a subscription 
 for the same object. The sum realised here amounted to about 
 £12,000. Besides this, a large body of the gentlemen of the town 
 and neighbourhood formed themselves into " The Hull Armed As- 
 sociation." This body agreed not to receive any pay ; not to be 
 subject or amenable to martial law ; nor to be liable to march out 
 of the town of Hull except into the lordship of My ton, Sculcoates, 
 Sutton, and Drypool. 
 
 January 31, 1799, died Francis, fifth Duke of Leeds, and his 
 successor in the office of High Steward of Hull was Earl Fitz- 
 william. In the Act, passed this year, for reducing the Militia, and 
 increasing the regular forces, the East Riding of Yorkshire, including 
 the town of Hull, was to supply 1,056 men. 
 
 During this year the sum of £2,890. was subscribed here for the 
 relief of the poor; as well as £1,570. for the families of sailors de- 
 tained in Russia. 
 
 x
 
 154 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 On the night of the 8th of January, 1803, a very severe storm 
 visited this locality, and continued with little intermission for three 
 days. The wind blew violently from the south-east, and was ac- 
 companied with very heavy rain. Two sloops were sunk at the 
 entrance of the harbour ; part of the end of a house in Parliament- 
 street, and a new ropery on the Humber-bank, were blown down ; 
 and several other casualties occurred. 
 
 August 30th, 1804, colours, prepared at the expense of the local 
 Committee of Defence, were presented to the Hull County and 
 Sculcoates Volunteers. The presentation took place at the Citadel, 
 and the colours were consecrated by the Rev. J. H. Bromby. 
 
 On the 4th of February, 1800, a man named George Gowthorpe, 
 of Patrington, sold his wife in the Market-place of Hull, for twenty 
 guineas, and delivered her in a halter to a person named Houseman. 
 The old newspaper from which we learn this fact, observes : — 
 " From their frequency of late years, the common people have im- 
 bibed an opinion that the proceedings are strictly legal, and the 
 bargain binding by law."* 
 
 On the 6th of January, 1807, an exceedingly high tide occurred 
 at Hull, when there were thirty feet one inch of water at the 
 Humber Dock gates. 
 
 The 25th of October, 1809, was a day of general jubilee, the 
 King (George III) having entered upon the 50th year of his reign. 
 The demonstrations of affectionate loyalty at Hull were strikingly 
 manifested. There were royal salutes fired from the Citadel ; joy- 
 bells sent forth their merriest peals ; innumerable flags streamed 
 from the houses and shipping ; a special service was performed at 
 the parish church ; a grand procession of the public bodies, &c, 
 paraded the streets ; and banquets and fireworks closed the day. 
 Amidst the general scene of festivity and hilarity, the poor of the 
 town were not forgotten, upwards of £1,100 having been collected 
 for them. 
 
 In 1810 the Myton Improvement Act was obtained ; and a life- 
 
 * In the month of December, 1862, a fellow named Holmes publicly sold his wife 
 at Selby, on the steps of the market cross, for a pint of ale. The woman had been 
 an unfaitbful wife, and her paramour was the purchaser. Some of the rustics of 
 Yorkshire have yet much to learn in the way of civilisation.
 
 HISTORY OF KINaSTON-UPON-HULL. 155 
 
 boat was established by subscription at Spurn — the crew to be main- 
 tained and regulated by Trinity House. 
 
 For several years about this period, it was dangerous to travel 
 after night-fall in this part of the country. That notorious highway - 
 man, Snowden Dunhill, of Spaldington Lane, near Howden, and 
 his gang of thieves, were the terror of the district. The daring and 
 extensive depredations of these vagabonds were astonishing, and 
 invested their chief with a mysterious and unenviable fame, such as 
 might attach to the character of the Eob Roy of the East Riding. 
 Dunhill was tried and found guilty at the York March Assizes in 
 1813, for robbing the granary of Mr. Bernard Clarkson, at Holme, 
 in the East Riding, and sentenced to seven years transportation. 
 There were four other bills of indictment found against him. 
 Having gone through the term of punishment awarded him by the 
 court, he returned to this country, and taking up his residence in 
 Delapole-court, Manor-street, Hull, he re-commenced his old course, 
 and in 1825 he was sentenced to transportation for life, either at 
 Louth or Kirton Sessions.* 
 
 The 15th of December, 1813, was a day of great rejoicing at 
 Hull, at the success of the allies in the battle of Leipsic. The 
 public bodies and others went in procession to church, and ban- 
 quets, balls, bonfires, and fireworks, filled up the evening. This 
 year £1,950. was subscribed in Hull for the poor inhabitants. 
 
 * It is but rare in the history of crime, dark as is the picture it presents, that we 
 find such an aggregate of guilt, and such a weight of judicial infliction, in connection 
 with the history of one family, as is associated with that of Snowden Dunhill. In 
 July, 1827, George, his son, aged 24, was executed at Hobart Town, Van Dieman's 
 Land. He had been transported from Beverley Sessions a few years previously, along 
 with his mother ; and at the same time his sister, Rosa, was also convicted and sen- 
 tenced to two years imprisonment in York Castle. At tbe Leeds Borough Sessions, in 
 1827, this Rosa was found guilty of larceny. Her two husbands, William M'Dowell, 
 of Pontefract, and George Connor, of Leeds, were transported. Sarah, another daughter 
 of Snowden Dunhill's, suffered imprisonment in York Castle and at Beverley ; and 
 in 1828 was transported from Hull to New South Wales. She was humanely al- 
 lowed to take her two infant children with her. Her three husbands, viz., James 
 Stanhope, alias " One-armed Jem," — Rhodes, of Hull, and James Crossland, of the 
 same town, were each transported. William, also a son of Snowden Dunhill, was 
 transported for fourteen years, about 1814, and died immediately after his arrival at 
 New South Wales. Robert Taylor, a son of Mrs. Dunhill's to a former husband, was 
 also transported. These are a few of the dark events which have distinguished this 
 ill-fated family.
 
 15G HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 In 1814, at the end of the " Campaign for the liberties of Europe," 
 when Buonaparte was defeated by the armies of the allied powers, 
 and dethroned, the Bourbons restored, and a general peace was ex- 
 pected, Great Britain rang with the voice of joy and gratulation. 
 At Hull the public feeling was exhibited by the strongest demon- 
 strations on the day set apart for the purpose — Wednesday, April 
 the 30th. The bells rang merry peals, royal salutes were fired at 
 the Citadel, the ships were gaily decorated, and in the evening the 
 windows of nearly every house in the town were brilliantly illumina- 
 ted. The transparencies and designs in coloured lamps were 
 numerous and splendid. 
 
 Peace was proclaimed in Hull on the 23rd of June in that year, 
 with much ceremony. A scaffold was erected in the Market-place, 
 in front of the equestrian statue, and from it the Mayor (who was 
 accompanied by the Corporations, clergy, &c, of the town) read the 
 proclamation to an immense crowd. The day was one of very great 
 rejoicings. 
 
 This year (1814) a subscription, amounting to about £1,100., was 
 made for the relief of the widows and families of the crew of the 
 ship " Koyalist," lost in Davis' Straits, this season. On the 12th 
 of October, a " grand selection of sacred music " was performed in 
 the Church of the Holy Trinity, for the benefit of these bereaved 
 families, and others who had recently suffered a similar fate. The 
 orchestra consisted almost exclusively of Hull performers, most of 
 whom were amateurs. In 1815 the sum of £1,576. was collected 
 by subscription in Hull, for the relief of British prisoners of war ; 
 and up to £2,000. was raised "for the relief and benefit of the 
 families of the brave men killed, and of the wounded sufferers of the 
 British army, under the command of the illustrious Wellington in 
 the signal victory of Waterloo, and in the several battles fought in 
 the present campaign." 
 
 An extraordinary high tide occurred here on the 16th of February, 
 1816, on which occasion great damage was done by the overflowing 
 of the waters. At the entrance to the dock the tide rose to the 
 height of thirty feet and half an inch. 
 
 In July, 1816, the Corporation caused circular notices to be sent 
 to such of the shopkeepers &c, of the town as had signs denoting
 
 IIIST0EY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 157 
 
 their trade and business projecting from the fronts of their houses 
 into the streets, that in case such signs were not placed flat against 
 each house, within ten days after the notice was given, they would be 
 removed and forfeited, pursuant to the direction of the Act of Parlia- 
 ment. The evil in question had then been for some years gradually 
 increasing. On the 14th of October, and seventeen following days 
 (Sundays excepted), George Wilson, the " celebrated Blackheath pe- 
 destrian," performed the feat of walking 1,000 miles in as many 
 hours; and he finished his thousandth mile about forty minutes 
 within the time specified. The feat was performed in " Mr. Clarke's 
 Garden, on the Anlaby-road ;" and the pedestrian's emolument for 
 the task did not amount to more than ten pounds. 
 
 The sum of £4,913. was collected for and expended upon the poor 
 of Hull from December 1810 to April 1817. 
 
 On the night of Saturday, Oct. 4th (1817,) a fire of an alarming 
 nature took place in the brush and colour manufactory of Mr. 
 Henry Blundell, situated in Hodson-street. In less than three 
 hours the entire of the buildings, except the walls, was destroyed. 
 
 King George IV. was crowned in Westminster Hall, July 19th, 
 1821, and the occasion was celebrated here with great ceremony 
 and rejoicing. Indeed it has ever been the practice in Hull to cele- 
 brate the coronation of each of our succesive Sovereigns by some 
 mark of royal regard. In the present instance the rejoicing was of 
 a similar character to that described on previous festive occasions. 
 Divine service, grand processions, gay decorations, banquets, &c, 
 were the order of the day, and of the night too. 
 
 In the year 1823 a female shark, eight feet in length, and mea- 
 suring four feet across the shoulders, was taken alive in the Humber, 
 near the Pottery. It was caught while in the act of making a spring 
 at two children who were washing their feet. The animal was after- 
 wards stuffed and preserved. 
 
 August 11th, 1824, Mr. W. W. Sadler, the then celebrated aero- 
 naut, made a balloon ascent from the Citadel, in the presence of an 
 immense concourse of spectators, including all the rank, beauty, and 
 fashion, of the town and the neighbourhood for many miles in every 
 direction. In his aerial trip, Mr. Sadler was accompanied by Mr. 
 Rees Davies, who carried with him some philosophical instruments
 
 158 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 for the purpose of making scientific experiments. The descent was 
 made in a field near the village of Preston. It is said that the 
 town of Hull on that day contained no less than GO, 000 persons. 
 Sad to relate, Mr. Sadler was accidentally killed at Bolton in the fol- 
 lowing September, by being thrown from the car, by the machine 
 coming in contact with a chimney. 
 
 Another feat of aerostation took place here in August, 1825, the 
 aeronaut ou the occasion being Mr. C. Brown. The ascent was 
 made from the Citadel, and the descent was effected near Swine. 
 The crowd in the town was very great. Towards the end of the 
 same year Mr. C. Green made his 84th balloon ascent, in this town. 
 The place of ascent was the Gas Company's station, near Sculcoates 
 Church, and the aerial voyage was highly successful. Two gentle- 
 men accompanied Mr. Green, and the descent took place near 
 Frodingham. 
 
 Frederick, Duke of York, died in January, 1827, and the day of 
 his interment was observed here with the greatest solemnity and 
 respect. The shops were shut, Divine service was performed in 
 the parish church, and a solemn military procession paraded the 
 streets, whilst minute-bells were tolled in the towers of the churches. 
 
 King "William IV. was proclaimed here, July 2nd, 1830, from a 
 platform in the Market-place, erected for the accommodation of the 
 Corporation and other official personages. There was, as usual on 
 festive occasions, a procession, an immense multitude, much en- 
 thusiasm, royal salutes, and a sumptuous collation at the Mansion 
 House, at which the Mayor (Avison Terry, Esq.) presided. 
 
 July 9th, 1830, an extensive and new-built warehouse in Rotten- 
 herring Staith, High-street, fell down with a tremendous crash. 
 There were no persons in the building at the time, but two children, 
 who were playing near the spot at the moment, were killed. 
 
 Walker-street, Porter-street, and some other new streets, in the 
 " Lordship of Myton," were laid out in this year. 
 
 On the 2nd of November the tide at the Humber Dock gates 
 was 29 feet 4 inches high. In the Old Dock it was nearly level 
 with the quay ; and in one part it overflowed. On the day following, 
 the London and Gainsborough trader, called the " Grantham," struck 
 upon, and was completely engulphed in " Pudding Pie Sand." This
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 159 
 
 year eighteen ships were lost at the whale fishery, of which six be- 
 longed to Hull. The whole of the crews were saved by other ships, 
 yet many of the men died of fatigue. A large sum of money was 
 raised here for the benefit of tbe sufferers and their families. 
 
 About the middle of the year 1831 James Acland took up his 
 abode in Hull, and very soon distinguished himself as the self-elec- 
 tion champion of popular liberty. His trade was agitation, and for 
 about three years he managed to keep the townspeople in a state of 
 turmoil. He attacked every institution and every individual mem- 
 ber of each institution ; but to make war against the Corporation of 
 the town seemed to be his chief aim. He published a weekly peri- 
 odical, called the " Hull Portfolio, or Memoirs and Correspondence 
 of James Acland, its editor and proprietor ;" and in it he attacked 
 almost everybody of position in the most scurrilous manner. The cry 
 of " corruption" was ever upon his lips, and he succeeded in bringing 
 the citizens of this hitherto quiet old town to the verge of rebellion. 
 Those who believed in his honesty and patriotism, looked upon him 
 as a thorough radical reformer, devoting all his energies with an ex- 
 traordinary zeal towards redressing what he conceived to be the 
 wrongs of the people. Others believed him to be simply an in- 
 terested agitator. One of his first acts was to question the legality 
 of the market tolls. He persuaded the stall keepers to resist the 
 payment of these tolls, and on the 1st of November (1831) he set 
 the example himself by erecting a stall in front of the statue of King 
 William, where he sold cards, eggs, his " Portfolio," &c, and refused 
 to pay the customary toll. The crowding and excitement witnessed 
 on that occasion in the Market-place is well remembered by many 
 of the townspeople. The lessees of the Barton ferry were then at- 
 tacked, and he actually chartered a steam-boat, and plied between 
 Hull and Barton, carrying passengers, &c, at a very low rate. The 
 fare to Barton and back was one shilling, and he advised the people 
 not to pay more than a halfpenny. He purchased a vehicle, and 
 made a tour of the bridges, refusing to pay the tolls then levied upon 
 those who crossed them. He organised an anti-toll association, and 
 things were in so alarming a state that on the 21st of November in 
 this year, there were no less than 800 special constables sworn in 
 to preserve the peace. Legal proceedings were taken against him
 
 160 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 in the King's Bench, by the Corporation, for libel; the cause came 
 on in February, 1832, and was adjourned till the next term. Ac- 
 land returned to Hull in triumph, and was met by a body of 20,000 
 men, with music and banners, who went in procession through the 
 town. At the close of these proceedings he harangued the multi- 
 tude from a balcony in the Market-place. On the last day of the 
 following month a trial took place at York respecting the Barton 
 ferry, the jury finding Acland guilty; damages a farthing. As he 
 could not pay the costs (£270.), Acland, to avoid arrest, barricaded 
 himself in his house in Queen-street. At Easter in this year he 
 was elected a churchwarden of Holy Trinity, at the head of the poll, 
 after five days polling. In the following May the Corporation filed 
 another declaration against him, so as to bring the question of tolls 
 to an issue; and the poor stall keepers contributed £250. towards 
 his defence of the action. He was subsequently confined in prison 
 for the "ferry trial costs." At the Yorkshire Assizes in August 
 (1832), he was convicted for a libel on C. Bolton, Esq., one of the 
 trustees of Cogan's charity ; and at the same assizes the Corporation 
 obtained a verdict against him. In these trials he defended him- 
 self with considerable ingenuity, and had several altercations with 
 the judges, in which he displayed a great knowledge of the law, and 
 an amount of tact not often possessed by unprofessional men. Soon 
 after this he had the boldness to offer himself as a candidate for the 
 office of Chamberlain to the Corporation — thereby causing much 
 useless excitement. The day for electing the Mayor, Sheriff, and 
 other corporate offices, was the 30th of September, and in this year 
 (1832) it happened to fall on Sunday ; but, notwithstanding that, the 
 elections commenced as usual, though the polling was continued on 
 the following day. Mr. Acland (though not a burgess) and a Mr. 
 Thistleton offered themselves for election as Chamberlains (on the 
 Monday), and then was commenced a noisy scene in the court, 
 whilst the greatest excitement prevailed in the street. The Mayor 
 at length ordered Acland to be taken into custody, and the military 
 were called out to preserve the peace. At this election it is stated 
 that 162 persons voted for Acland, and 158 for Thistleton. He 
 subsequently offered himself as a candidate for the representation 
 of the borough at the forthcoming general election.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 101 
 
 The peaceable and well-disposed portion of the townspeople then 
 suffered great annoyauce from the disorderly assemblies drawn to- 
 gether by his nightly harangues and frequent processions. Above 
 500 gentlemen signed a " Declaration," that " viewing with alarm 
 the state of riot and disorder at present prevailing," by which their 
 "lives and property were endangered, and the peace of the town 
 placed in imminent jeopardy," they were determined by every means 
 in their power " to support the magistracy in all legal and proper 
 measures which they may think it right to adopt, for repressing 
 these violent and disorderly proceedings." 
 
 About this time Acland opened a small shop, No. 23, Queen-street, 
 (which he designated his " Anti-Corporative Castle") for the sale of 
 "Anti-Corporate tea," "Public-Opinion coffee," "Radical tobacco," 
 &c. ; and though his popularity was now on the wane, riots and dis- 
 order prevailed in the town to a very great extent. In November 
 (1832) he was an inmate of the King's Bench prison ; and was sub- 
 sequently sentenced to eighteen months imprisonment in the gaol 
 of Bury St. Edmunds (for libels) and to find two sureties at the end 
 of that time to keep the peace for five years. His vituperation still 
 went forth from the prison, through the pages of the Portfolio ; and 
 though incarcerated he still persisted in becoming a candidate at the 
 next election for M.P.'s, to represent Hull. The election took place 
 in December, and Acland polled 433 voters. From his prison he ap- 
 pealed again and again, for aid, to his old associates and admirers, but 
 in vain. On the 1st of October, 1834, we find him writing from 
 the Hull gaol, asking his followers, if any were left, " for assistance 
 in his hour of need;" but his day had passed; his best friends had 
 become his enemies ; the mask had fallen ; the charm was broken ; 
 and Acland's occupation was gone. Such is but a very brief glance 
 at the career in Hull of this remarkable individual ; his " doings " 
 here, if given in detail, would fill volumes. 
 
 A terrific and most destructive fire occurred at South-end on the 
 evening of March 9th, 1832, when a splendid bonding warehouse 
 (the property of Messrs. R. and W. Gleadow and Co., and erected 
 about twenty years before at a cost of up to £8,000.) was totally des- 
 troyed. The building, which was 125 feet long, and (exclusive of 
 cellars) five stories in height, had one end facing towards Queen-street, 
 
 Y
 
 102 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 and the other towards the river Hull, near its junction with the 
 Humber. The amount of property destroyed was calculated at about 
 £ 20,000. There was in the warehouse about 6,400 quarters of 
 grain, belonging to four or five firms; but about 500 quarters were 
 saved. The newspapers of the time describe the conflagration, when 
 at its height, as awfully grand. The flames issuing through the 
 doors and windows on the east, north, and west sides of the building ; 
 while they blazed upwards from the roof, overtopping the ruined 
 walls, in spires of gigantic height, raging and cracking with uncon- 
 trollable fury ; illuminating the atmosphere and impressing alter- 
 nately a red or silver light, according to their own alternate colour, 
 upon the most elevated of the surrounding objects. Showers of sparks 
 were sent forth, at intervals, amidst dense clouds of black smoke, 
 to an immense altitude ; and the burning grain rushed out at in- 
 tervals from the windows and other apertures in streams of liquid 
 fire. The warehouse had on its north side an unoccupied yard or 
 plot of ground, 45 yards long (since built upon), which was divided 
 from Queen-street by a partition of wood. In this yard, close to the 
 warehouse, were piled about 900 barrels of tar, and close to them 
 was a stack of hay, with which the fire was supposed to have origi- 
 nated. About 300 barrels of the tar were saved. A plate of the con- 
 flagration, by Greenwood, was afterwards published. This fine 
 warehouse has siuce been rebuilt, and adjoins the Vittoria Hotel. 
 
 On the evening of the 11th of August next following, another 
 conflagration took place at the Gas Works. About sixty tar casks 
 had been filled for exportation, some of which, being leaky, per- 
 mitted the tar to run into the vaults beneath the retorts. Some 
 heated cinders ignited the tar, which, following the train, commu- 
 nicated with the barrels under the purifier and caused the explosion, 
 as at the time, the purifier was about being charged. The buildings, 
 being completely fire-proof, were uninjured, the damage being con- 
 fined to 36 barrels of tar. This conflagration quite illuminated the 
 town, and was observed several miles distant in every direction. 
 
 The cholera visited Hull in 1832, but the total number of deaths 
 from that dreadful disease did not exceed 270. It made its first 
 appearance here on the 8th of April. 
 
 Earl Fitzwilliam, the High Steward of Hull, and a munificent
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-I1ULL. 1G3 
 
 benefactor of the town, died in 1833, when the Mayor and Aldermen 
 petitioned the King to appoint the Duke of Wellington to the vacant 
 office ; but the politics of the Duke not being in unison with those 
 of a great number of the burgesses, a counter petition was agreed 
 upon at a meeting of the Burgesses' Association, praying his Majesty 
 to confer the office upon Lord Durham, to whose exertions the suc- 
 cess of the Keform Bill in the Cabinet was ia a great measure 
 attributed. The latter petition set forth that his Majesty's royal pre- 
 decessor had been graciously pleased to grant to the burgesses that 
 upon every vacancy of the office in question, the King should as- 
 sign, name, and constitute to them a High Steward at the desire 
 of the burgesses ; and it further stated that they, the burgesses, had 
 withdrawn all confidence from their Mayor and Aldermen, who were 
 a "self-elected and irresponsible body;" and that they declined, 
 therefore, to take any share in the transactions or representations of 
 the Corporation. The office, however, remained vacant until 1830, 
 when it was conferred upon the Earl of Durham at the prayer of 
 the Reformed Corporation. 
 
 On the 15th of October, 1833, Sir John Ross and his companions 
 arrived in Hull (per the " Isabella," Captain Humphreys) after the 
 second voyage in search of the north-west passage. " The news of 
 our arrival having preceded us (writes Captain Ross, in the con- 
 cluding paragraph of his " Narrative " of that expedition), it was 
 with some difficulty we could reach the inn : where we shortly re- 
 ceived visits of welcome from the Mayor and Corporation, the offi- 
 cers of the Trinity House and the Philosophical Society, together with 
 many of the principal persons in this ancient place. The freedom 
 of the town was afterwards conferred on me : and, after a public en- 
 tertainment, we all embarked in the steam-boat for London, where 
 we arrived on the nineteenth." 
 
 January 93rd, 1834, a piece of plate was presented to Captain 
 Humphreys, at a dinner given to that gentleman at the Vittoria 
 Hotel. The gift consisted of a very beautiful silver cup, exhibiting 
 a representation of the boats of the Isabella rescuing the crew of 
 the Victory. The cup bears this inscription : — "Presented by the 
 subscription of upwards of one hundred of his fellow townsmen, to 
 Captain Richard Wallis Humphreys, of the Isabella, Hull, Whaler,
 
 164 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 in testimony of his having rescued Captain Ross, R.N., and his en- 
 terprising companions, from their perilous situation in the Arctic 
 Regions, on the 26th of August, 1833." 
 
 In the beginning of the year 1834 a handsome silver cup, weighing 
 50oz., was presented to Mr. William Woolley, solicitor, bearing this 
 inscription : — " Presented to W. Woolley, Esq., by the Members and 
 Friends of the Hull Burgesses' Association, for his patriotic exer- 
 tions in the cause of Corporate Reform, 13th February, 1834."* 
 
 On the morning of November 5th, 1834, a tremendous explosion 
 of a steam boiler occurred at the steam-engine and boiler manu- 
 factory of Messrs. Aydon and Co., which stood near the Humber 
 Dock Green. The shock felt in the immediate neighbourhood of 
 the accident was tremendous. The engine-house was shattered to 
 atoms, while iron, bricks, tiles, and dissevered pieces of machinery, 
 flew in every direction. The entire boiler, with the exception of the 
 floor plates, was carried over a vessel nearly ready for launching in 
 the adjoining ship-yard, and fell into the Humber at a distance of 
 about 200 yards. The fragments of the roof fell for the most part 
 on the green, where also were found some pieces of machinery, 
 amongst which were two bars of iron, ten feet long, attached to 
 each other by a chain. A youth named Waterhouse was killed, 
 and two men, who were on the premises at the time of the explosion, 
 were very seriously injured. 
 
 * Mr. Woolley was a talented, earnest, and uncompromising advocate for the reform 
 of all kinds of misgovernment, but he more especially applied his untiring energies 
 to the rectification of the administration of affairs in his native town. To the question 
 of Municipal Reform, he applied the whole force of his resources for some years. He 
 was elected a member of the first Reform Corporation, and in 1837 he became Clerk 
 of the Peace for this borough. But he enjoyed this office for a few months only, for he 
 died, after a very short illness, on the 8th of September in the same year, in the 38th 
 year of his age. His funeral was attended by several hundred persons in mourning 
 coaches and on foot; and up to 5,000 persons assembled in the line of the procession. 
 Mr. Eutt, one of the members for the borough (though temporarily unseated at that 
 time,) came from his seat, Gibside, to attend the funeral. Mr. Woolley's remains 
 were interred in a vault in the chancel of Holy Trinity Church, where a monument 
 has been erected to his memory by public subscription ; and his widow has just caused 
 one of the large lights of the great west window of that church to be filled with 
 stained glass, as a tribute of affection to his memory. For some years after the 
 death of this indefatigable promoter of corporate reform, the anniversary of his birth- 
 day was celebrated by his political friends by a public dinner.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 105 
 
 On July 1st, 1835, two fishermen captured alive at Spurn, a fish 
 GO feet in length, and of 50 tons weight. It was supposed to be a 
 "finner." This extraordinary visitor having swam ashore, or taken 
 rest upon the hank, on the retiring of the tide was unable to extri- 
 cate itself. It however died on the following morning. The captors 
 purchased the carcase from the lord of the manor on which the fish 
 was caught, and brought it to Hull for exhibition. 
 
 In the autumn of 1835, and the earlier months of 1830, that 
 highly gifted and much abused member of the English legislature, 
 Daniel O'Connell visited many of the principal towns of the three 
 kingdoms, receiving from the reformers of each place a splendid 
 and enthusiastic reception. On the occasion of his being enter- 
 tained at a public banquet at Birmingham, in January, 1830, the 
 Hull Society of Liberals, sent Mr. John Peck, their president, and 
 Mr. W. Noble, their secretary, as a deputation, to present him with 
 an address, thanking him for his exertions on behalf of England, 
 and expressing the sympathy which, as Englishmen, they enter- 
 tained for the condition of Ireland. The address teemed with 
 expressions of respect and gratitude, and O'Connell was extremely 
 gratified with it. He promised to send the Society a formal reply, 
 but he could not (he said) then refrain from expressing how highly 
 he felt the compliment paid him. In the course of his observations 
 he said, "I want to see Englishmen what they ought to be, the 
 first people on the face of the earth. They are the greatest in 
 commerce, the most skilful in the arts and sciences, and why should 
 we not aspire to the same proficiency in our political institutions ? 
 This it is for which I am anxious, and the experiment is well worth 
 trying." 
 
 In accepting an invitation from the Hull Keform Association to 
 a public banquet to be given to the representatives of the borough, 
 O'Connell pathetically referred to the six centuries of misrule with 
 which his country had been afflicted, and to " those periods in which 
 the administration of the laws was a greater curse than even law- 
 less violence could possibly be ; when bigotted and partial judges 
 addressed partizan juries, and had their wicked decrees executed 
 by party sheriffs ; when the criminal on the bench was a greater 
 moral miscreant than the criminal in the dock, and when property,
 
 160 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 life, and liberty, were disposed of, not on the merits of each case, 
 but in relation to the creed or politics of the parties." 
 
 On the morning of Wednesday, April 6th (1836), in accordance 
 with a previous announcement, Mr. O'Connell made a public entry 
 into Hull. He was met on the Anlaby road by a very great con- 
 course of persons, having bands of music, flags, &c, and a proces- 
 sion was formed. He arrived in a carriage and four, accompanied 
 by one of the members for the borough, Col. Thompson, and other 
 gentlemen. The procession passed along Carr-lane, Whitefriar- 
 gate, the Market-place, Myton-gate, to the site of the old gaol, where 
 a commodious hustings had been erected. Here the gallant Colonel 
 introduced O'Connell to upwards of 8,000 persons as the "repre- 
 sentative of all Ireland — the friend of civil and religious liberty — 
 of all liberty." Mr. O'Connell then delivered a long address, which 
 was cheered to the echo. 
 
 The dinner in the evening took place at the Public Rooms, and, 
 according to the " Hull Observer " newspaper, " proved one of the 
 greatest treats and highest triumphs which the Reformers in this 
 part of the country had ever experienced." The Mayor (J. C. 
 Parker, Esq.) occupied the chair, having on his right William Hutt, 
 Esq., M.P., D. O'Connell, Esq., M.P., John Grimston, J. Sykes, 
 R. Sykes, Esq., &c. ; and on his left Col. Thompson, M.P., John 
 Gully, Esq., M.P., the Hon. Mr. Stapleton, &c. The number 
 of persous who sat down to dinner was about 430, including several 
 gentlemen from Sheffield, Bradford, Pontefract, Beverley, Holder- 
 ness, and North Lincolnshire. Mr. O'Connell's speech was full of 
 patriotic sentiment, and a splendid display of oratory. In alluding 
 to the population and position of his own country, viz., eight mil- 
 lions, "endeavouring to right themselves," he reminded his hearers 
 that when England numbered but eight millions " they chopped off 
 the head of one King who wanted to make them slaves, and they 
 kicked out another." After alluding to his being in Hull, "where 
 the quarrel first assumed a bloody aspect," and to the peaceful 
 struggle which it was only then necessary for the men of Hull to 
 engage in, in order to obtain political liberty, he beautifully ob- 
 served : " The peaceful revolution is better than the bloody one, for 
 the revolution of blood ended in a despotism worse than the tyranny
 
 HISTORY OF KINOSTON-UPON-IIULL. 107 
 
 thrown off. If you mix one drop of blood (he continued) in any 
 human institution, instead of being a cement it becomes a disruptive 
 power — the curse of God and the abomination of man is upon him 
 who thinks he can improve anything by shedding the blood of his 
 fellow." And when he stated that he and the people of Ireland 
 were determined to obtain freedom of conscience, he added, " we 
 insist not upon this right upon any sectarian principle of individual 
 advantage to ourselves ; not upon the assertion of the superiority of 
 our persuasion. It was (said he) the assertion of the right of every 
 human being, whatever may be his caste, or colour, or creed, to 
 sweep away all interference between his conscience and his creator, 
 and to have unfettered liberty of approaching his God in that way 
 his conscience should dictate." 
 
 On the day of the banquet a deputation from the Irish inhabi- 
 tants of Hull waited upon Mr. O'Connell, at the Kingston Hotel, 
 and presented him with an affectionate address, as well as a hand- 
 some silver snuff box, which had been subscribed for in small sums. 
 On the following day O'Connell was presented with an address by 
 the reformers of Beverley, on his way to York ; and on Friday he 
 dined at York with a party of reformers. About the same time he 
 received invitations to public banquets at Leeds and Whitby. 
 
 On the 24th of May, 1837, H.R.H. the Princess Victoria (then 
 heir presumptive to the Crown, and now our gracious Queen) at- 
 tained her majority. The Corporation of Hull caused an " humble 
 address " to be presented to her ; and a " Victoria Festival " was 
 held in the town. The shops were closed on the auspicious occa- 
 sion ; business was suspended ; the reformers had a public dinner 
 in the "New Public Rooms, Queen-street," under the presidency of 
 the Hon. Charles Langdale; and the tories dined together at the 
 Public Rooms, Jarratt-street. On the following night a ball was 
 given in the Queen-street rooms.* Indeed in no town in the king- 
 dom could the celebration of the majority of " England's Hope " be 
 more universally observed than in Hull. 
 
 * The high rent charged for the use of the Jarratt-street rooms, for public dinners 
 and other assemblies, induced a few spirited individuals to erect Assembly-rooms in. 
 Queen-street, which were opened on the day on which her Majesty became of age, 
 and hence were called the " Victoria Booms."
 
 168 HISTOKY OF KINGSTON-DPON-HULL. 
 
 On Wednesday, June 7th, 1837, an awful catastrophe occurred 
 at Hull. A steam packet called the Union, lying at the pier at 
 South-end, just ready to sail for Gainsborough, was blown up, in 
 consequence of the boiler being overcharged with steam. Owing to 
 some country fair, the vessel was crowded with passengers. The 
 morning was fine, the water smooth, and the faces of all glowed 
 with cheerfulness in the anticipation of a pleasant voyage, when, 
 without a moment's warning, a loud crash was heard : the boiler 
 had burst, and the deck of the vessel was shattered to fragments, 
 which flew in all directions. When the smoke and steam were 
 cleared away from the wreck, the sight was most appalling. Corpses 
 were strewed around on neighbouring vessels ; many wounded and 
 scalded persons were crying aloud for help ; and some were strug- 
 gling in the water, and were taken up by the boats which hastened 
 to their rescue. That the force of the explosion must have been 
 prodigious, is evident from the fact that ponderous masses of the 
 boiler and the chimney of the vessel were projected into the air, and 
 fell at a considerable distance on shore. A poor man named Mat- 
 thews, who was standing close to the packet when she exploded, 
 was whirled into the air to an immense height, and his corpse was 
 found on the top of a warehouse sixty yards from the place where 
 the accident had occurred. Thirteen lives were lost, besides a great 
 number of persons being more or less seriously injured. Of the 
 bodies of those who perished, some were found sticking fast in the 
 mud, at a distance of from twenty to forty yards from the vessel ; 
 the wood-work of the steamer was literally shivered into chips, and 
 the whole space adjoining the pier was strewed with the fragments. 
 
 Her Majesty Victoria I. was proclaimed here on Monday, the 
 26th of June, 1837. The public bodies of the town and the military 
 of the garrison went in procession through the streets, and the pro- 
 clamation was made from hustings erected in the Market-place, in 
 front of the equestrian statue of King William. 
 
 Towards the end of February, 1838, a very high tide was ex- 
 perienced here. High-street and the adjacent lanes were inundated. 
 There were 29 feet of water in the Humber Dock lock-pit. 
 
 June 28th, 1838, the day of the coronation of Queen Victoria, was 
 celebrated here in the usual style of such occasions. The streets
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 109 
 
 were thronged with inhabitants and strangers from an early hour — 
 all in their gayest and best attire, and wearing medals and rosettes 
 of white ribbon ; flags, with appropriate mottoes, streamed from 
 great numbers of houses ; the bells of the churches sent forth their 
 merry tones ; cannons were discharged at intervals ; and all gave 
 signs of a general rejoicing worthy of the occasion. The Corpora- 
 tion, and many of the other public officers and bodies in the town, 
 went in procession to High Church, accompanied by a military band ; 
 a dense crowd was collected along the streets through which the 
 procession passed ; and the windows in the route were crowded with 
 elegantly dressed ladies. The day being fine, the whole scene was 
 animated and delightful. There was a public dinner in the evening 
 at the Victoria Kooms. 
 
 The Forfarshire, steam packet, from this port to Dundee, was 
 wrecked this year (7th September) on the rocks of one of the Fern 
 Islands, and upwards of fifty persons, including the Captain and 
 his wife, perished. Nine of the survivors were saved by the heroic 
 Grace Darling and her father, in a small boat, from Fern lighthouse. 
 
 On the morning of Monday, the 7th of January, 1839, this 
 country was visited by a dreadful storm, which resulted in a most 
 appalling loss of life and property both on sea and land. Many 
 vessels were sunk in the Humber ; and in the town several stacks 
 of chimneys were blown down ; the glass of many windows was 
 blown in ; the roof of Pease and Liddell's bank, Trinity House- 
 lane, was, amongst others, stripped of the lead ; and the gable ends 
 of some buildings, and the roofing of others, were carried away. 
 This tempest can never be forgotten by those who experienced it 
 either on land or water. 
 
 A Grand Bazaar was held in the Public Rooms, Jarratt-street, on 
 the last two days of October, and on the 1st of November, 1839, in 
 aid of the extension of the Hull Infirmary. Lady Clifford Constable 
 was the patroness, and her ladyship, as well as Lady Worsley, 
 Lady Nelthorpe, Lady Strickland, Lady Sheffield, Mrs. Grimston, 
 Miss Broadley, Mrs. R. Raikes, Mrs. Henry (now Lady) Cooper, 
 and other ladies of Hull and the neighbourhood stood at stalls and 
 vended fancy articles. The nett proceeds, after defraying all ex-
 
 170 HISTOKY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 penses, were £2,063. To this sum was added £150., the proceeds 
 of a concert and ball, held in connexion with the bazaar. 
 
 On the 10th of February, 1840, the marriage of H. M. Queen 
 Victoria and H. K. H. Prince Albert of Saxe Gotha was celebrated 
 here with great demonstrations of loyalty and attachment to the 
 throne. The day was observed as a general holiday. By means 
 of a subscription which had been entered into for the purpose, about 
 2,500 of the poor were regaled with breakfast at the Victoria Eooms 
 and in various other parts of the town. A grand procession of the 
 civil and military bodies of the town proceeded through the principal 
 streets, and attended Divine service. All the other signs of a high 
 festival were exhibited, and several public dinners took place. The 
 poor too, and the children of the various poor schools, were afforded 
 the means of participating in the nuptial festivities. 
 
 In the same year (1st of July), after Oxford attempted to assassi- 
 nate the Queen by firing two loaded pistols at the royal carriage in 
 which her Majesty was seated, the Mayor of Hull (William Low- 
 throp, Esq.) presented to the Queen addresses from the town, of 
 congratulation on her happy escape ; and on that occasion his wor- 
 ship received the honour of Knighthood. 
 
 In this month the Earl of Durham died, and the High Steward- 
 ship of Hull was then conferred upon the Marquis of Normanby.* 
 
 On the 21st of December, in the same year, a fearful accident 
 occurred on the Old (now Queen's) Dock bridge, by which sixteen 
 persons were seriously injured; one of whom, a little girl, died the 
 same day. The bridge had just been lowered after the passage of 
 shipping, and whilst a crowd of foot passengers, a couple of carts 
 or rulleys, and the Hornsea mail, were rushing across it, the latter 
 
 * The Marquis of Normanby, then Secretary of State for the Home Department, 
 arrived in Hull, from Mulgrave Castle, on the 8th of October, 18-40, for the purpose 
 of attending a musical festival, and accepting a public dinner from the Town Council 
 and their friends. Soon after his arrival an extraordinary dispatch arrived, sum- 
 moning him immediately to London, on important business connected with his 
 offiee — our foreign relations being then in a critical state — consequently the noble 
 Marquis was obliged to leave by the afternoon train, and his friends were therefore 
 deprived of the pleasure of entertaining him. The dinner however took place at the 
 Victoria Rooms ; the Mayor occupying the chair, and was supported by William Hutt, 
 Esq., M.P., Colonel Yorke, C. T. d'Eyncourt, Major Sykes, Joseph Sykes, and several 
 other notabilities.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-IIULI,. 171 
 
 came into collision with a rulley, and the people were run over by 
 the vehicles. Much confusion ensued, and it was a considerable 
 time before the bridge could be cleared. Shortly after this unfor- 
 tunate affair the bridge was widened. 
 
 The weather at the opening of the year 1841 was exceedingly 
 inclement. On the 6th of January there was a heavy fall of snow. 
 The railway trains were delayed and common coaches were stopped 
 for several hours on that day. The severity of the storm did not 
 extend more than ten miles north and west of Hull, and about the 
 same distance south. A severe frost afterwards set in throughout 
 the country. About £2,000. was raised by subscription, and dis- 
 tributed to the poor of the town, exclusive of £350. and 4,700 bags 
 of coals given to the same class by the Corporation of Trinity House. 
 
 The fourth anniversary meeting of the Yorkshire Agricultural 
 Society, for the exhibition of farming stock and implements, was held 
 here during three days in the beginning of August in this year. 
 The " show yard " was the " Dock Green," which consisted of about 
 nine acres of land, since then converted into the " Eailway Dock." 
 About 1200 noblemen and gentlemen dined in a fine pavilion, 130 
 feet long and 60 feet wide, erected on the show ground. Many of 
 the leading personages of Yorkshire attended on this occasion. A 
 meeting of the West Riding Geological and Polytechnic Society was 
 held at the same time, in the Public Rooms, when a Report of the 
 Geology of the Yorkshire Wolds was read by the Rev. W. Thorpe. 
 The chair was taken by Earl Fitzwilliam. 
 
 Mr. Green, the aeronaut was to have made his 289th ascent from 
 the Citadel, in September (1841), but a storm arose in the middle of 
 the night, whilst the balloon was being inflated, the machine was 
 torn away from the grasp of thirty men, and was riven to atoms. 
 
 October 25th, 1841. A most remarkable fall of rain took place 
 here on this day. So great a downfall had not been experienced 
 for the previous ten years. For fourteen hours it poured incessantly. 
 Many of the streets in the lower parts of the town were flooded, and 
 the fields around the town presented sheets of water in every di- 
 rection. In various parts of the country the flooded state of the 
 land was severely felt. 
 
 The Prince of Wales was born on the 9th of November, 1841 ;
 
 172 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 and soon afterwards a congratulatory address, engrossed on vellum, 
 was presented to the Queen by the Mayor (Thomas Thompson, Esq.) 
 The rejoicings on the birth of the heir apparent to the throne took 
 place here on the 1st and 2nd of December. The first day closed 
 with a grand ball at the Public Rooms. On the next day the Zoo- 
 logical Gardens and the theatre (except the dress boxes) were thrown 
 open free to the public ; and about 3,000 persons partook of tea in 
 various companies. 
 
 In May, 1842, the sum of £1,100. was subscribed here for the 
 citizens of Hamburg, 30,000 of whom had been rendered houseless 
 by a terrible conflagration which raged three days, and destroyed 
 property estimated at three to four millions of pounds sterling value. 
 
 After the attempted assassination of the Queen, by John Francis, 
 in the following month, the Corporation of Hull presented a loyal 
 and dutiful address of congratulation to her Majesty, on the merciful 
 interposition of Providence in saving her life on the occasion. A 
 month later, when a third attempt to shoot the Queen by the de- 
 formed miscreant, Bean, another address was sent up from Hull. 
 
 In consequence of the alarming and disturbed state of the manu- 
 facturing districts of Yorkshire and Lancashire, troops and ammu- 
 nition were forwarded from Hull to Leeds, in August (1842). 
 
 A " Fancy Fair " was held in the Zoological Gardens in the month 
 of August, at which the following ladies presided at stalls for the sale 
 of every variety of fancy articles, viz., Mrs. Alderson, Mrs. Francis, 
 Mrs. Henry Munroe, Mrs. and Miss Wilson, Mrs. and Miss Turn- 
 bull, Mrs. Lockwood, Mrs. Luard, and Mrs. Hammond. The 
 bazaar was open several days. 
 
 On the 17th of March, 1843, the Humber received one of its 
 highest tides. Several parts of High-street were flooded, and the 
 depth of water at the Humber Dock gates was 29 feet. 
 
 The wreck of the Hull and Leith steamer " Pegasus," whilst on 
 her voyage from Leith to this port, on the night of July 19th in 
 this year, caused a painful sensation here. The vessel had at least 
 fifty individuals on board, all of whom, save six, perished. About 
 midnight she struck upou the Goldstone rock (a sunken one), inside 
 the Fern Islands, within five miles of the spot rendered so mourn- 
 fully, yet so romantically interesting as the scene of the wreck of
 
 HTSTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 173 
 
 the " Forfarshire," and the heroic exploits of Grace Darling. When 
 the vessel struck, the sea was cairn, smooth, and heautiful ; the 
 Captain immediately put her back with the idea of running her 
 safely into shore; but this he had been unable to accomplish, for 
 she quickly filled, and sank in ten fathoms of water, about 300 
 yards from the point where she struck. 
 
 Two great anti-corn-law meetings took place in Hull on the 26th 
 of January, 1844, when those celebrated advocates of free-trade, 
 Richard Cobden, John Bright, and Colonel Thompson, attended as 
 a deputation from the Anti-corn-law-League. The proceedings of 
 the evening assembly included a tea-party, in which upwards of 600 
 joiued. The formation of " The Hull Free-trade Association " was 
 one of the results of these meetings. Great corn-law meetings were 
 also held in Hull, in the following July, and in the months of March 
 and December, 1845. 
 
 The fine Hull and Hamburgh steamer, " Manchester," was lost 
 in the course of a voyage from this port to Hamburg, on the night 
 of the 15th of June, 1844. A violent storm overtook her, and she 
 was totally wrecked on the Marie Sands, on the coast of Holstein. 
 The crew consisted of 22 persons, most of whom were foreigners ; 
 and there were five passengers on board the ship. All were lost. 
 
 On the morning of the 28th of August (1844) a disastrous fire 
 consumed the warehouse of Messrs. S. T. Hassell and Co., Blayde's- 
 staith, High-street, and destroyed property to the amount of £10,000. 
 The premises had a frontage of about 50 feet towards the river Hull, 
 and 100 feet towards the staithway. That towards the river was 
 entirely of wood, it being so provided in the Dock Act, passed in 
 1774, which gave to the owners of property on the west bank of the 
 river, the privilege of building upon two rows of wood piles, fifteen 
 feet into the river. 
 
 A man named Thomas Thompson, called the " Flying Stag of 
 Warrington," undertook for £100., to walk 1,000 miles in 1,000 
 consecutive hours here, the distance being measured from the 
 Queen's Arms inn, near the Wilberforce Monument, to a point on 
 the Anlaby-road. The performance of this great pedestrian feat 
 was commenced May 19th, 1845, and was completed on the 30th 
 of the following month.
 
 174 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 On the 24th of July in this year a fire hroke out upon the premi- 
 ses of Messrs. John Tall and Co., turpentine distillers, Church- 
 street, Sculcoates, which excited considerable alarm, owing to the 
 inflammable nature of the material contained in the building. But 
 happily the result was not very serious. Another fire took place 
 in the following December, on the premises of Mr. W. Witty, 
 woollen draper, Grimsby-lane. 
 
 A public breakfast and a memorial of esteem was given to Dr. 
 Alderson, in the Public Rooms, on the 30th of December in this 
 year. This assembly comprised a number of the most influential 
 and leading gentlemen of Hull and the adjacent parts of the East 
 Hiding, and it was presided over by J. R. Pease, Esq., of Hessle- 
 wood. The testimonial was a very beautiful and massive allegorical 
 piece of plate, the purpose of which was that of a candelabra. It 
 weighed 450 ounces, was valued at £350, and was designed and sup- 
 plied by Mr. B. Jacobs. The basement represented a rock, trilateral 
 in form, with tablets on each side containing the inscription, the 
 arms of Hull, and the coat of arms of Dr. Alderson. At the angles 
 were three infant figures supporting scrolls. From the base sprang 
 a column with branches resembling those of an oak tree. Sur- 
 mounting it (the base) were three figures of Hygeia, Truth, and 
 Science ; and between the figures of Hygeia and Truth was a tripod 
 dedicated to Health. The inscription ran thus : — 
 
 " To James Anderson, M.D. This farewell tribute was presented by his friends and 
 fellow townsmen, in grateful acknowledgment of those varied services, public and pro- 
 fessional, which added fresh lustre to a name already identified with every useful and 
 benevolent institution of his native town, and in remembrance of those private virtues 
 which will long be the object of cordial esteem and affectionate regret." 
 
 There was a great demonstration here on the 22nd of July, 
 1846, to celebrate the passing of Sir Robert Peel's free trade mea- 
 sures. The principal shops in the town were closed, the church 
 bells rang merry peals, and flags, bearing suitable inscriptions, were 
 suspended in various parts of the town. In the evening upwards 
 of 400 persons sat down to tea in the saloon of the Mechanics' In- 
 stitute, the Mayor occupying the chair. Colonel T. P. Thompson, 
 the "father of free-trade," and many other gentlemen attended. 
 
 The ceremony of opening the railway from Hull to Bridlington, 
 on the Gth of October, in this year, was remarkable for the meeting
 
 I1IST0KY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 175 
 
 together for the first time of the Corporations of Hull and York, at 
 a grand dinner in the Public Rooms. The Brotherhood of Trinity- 
 House, the Dock Company, the Magistracy, the Manchester and 
 Leeds and the Hull and Selby Railway Companies, the Chamber of 
 Commerce, the hankers, principal merchants, &c, 'were all well rep- 
 resented at this banquet, over which presided the great commercial 
 autocrat of the day, the " Railway King " himself, George Hudson, 
 Esq., M.P. for Sunderland, and Chairman of the York and North 
 Midland (now the North Eastern) Railway Company. This was a 
 great gathering of men of good position. The Lord Mayor of York 
 (W. Richardson, Esq.) and the Mayor of Hull (J. Gresham, Esq.) 
 occupied the chief posts of honour on either side of the then distin- 
 guished president, and about 340 gentlemen lined the tables. 
 
 On the evening of November 23rd (same year) the distillery of 
 Messrs. Newham and Todd, in Trippett, was on fire, but by prompt 
 measures and a good supply of water the damage was not serious. 
 
 On the 8th of December, 1848, a dreadful catastrophe occurred 
 here, a little before six o'clock in the morning, which was fatal to a 
 greater number of human lives than any event which had occurred 
 in this town for many years. A boat plying on the Hull, at the 
 ferry called " Brewhouse Wrack," between the Groves and Win- 
 colmlee, overturned, and precipitated about thirty people into the 
 water. A ferry had been established there many years, and since 
 the erection of cotton mills on both sides, a large number of persons 
 crossed and re-crossed the river daily. Those on board, in this in- 
 stance, were of both sexes and of various ages — all being workpeople 
 of the Kingston cotton mills. The accident resulted from the dis- 
 position of the persons in the crowded boat, to frolic. An alarm 
 was created by some of those on board moving to one side of the 
 little vessel, which caused it to slant over. Upon this, a move to 
 the opposite side was instinctively, though foolishly made, and then 
 the boat at once capsised in the middle of the river. The scene 
 which followed baffles all description. The men and lads plunged 
 and struggled to reach the shore, and the females, void of all self- 
 possession, uttered shrieks which were heard at long distances in 
 every direction. Many embraced each other and speedily sank, and 
 after a few moments nothing was heard but some splashes, which
 
 176 HISTORY OF KIXGSTOy-UPON-HUI.L. 
 
 only made the silence more awful. Hundreds of workmen, who 
 were going to their respective occupations, thronged the ship-yards 
 and staiths on the river side ; but amidst the darkness and conster- 
 nation which prevailed, no effectual help could be rendered. The 
 state of the tide prevented boats beiug launched with expedition, 
 and wheu they were floated they could render but little service be- 
 yond grappling for the bodies. Fourteen persons were drowned. 
 
 Ou the eveniug of the Qnd of January, 1849, a fire occurred at 
 Messrs. Blundell, Spence, and Co.'s colour works, Beverlej-road. 
 The shed in the yard over the boiler burst into flames, but they were 
 speedily suppressed by the neighbours and the police. On the same 
 night one of the ware-rooms at the Glass Works in the Groves took 
 fire, but after a few hours it was extinguished, and happily the 
 flames were confined to the building in which they originated. 
 
 William Gordon, Esq., M.D., F.L.S., a gentleman who for many 
 years took an active part in local matters of importance, died at his 
 residence in Albion-street, February Tth, in this year, aged 47, and 
 his funeral was attended by an immense concourse of people. The 
 body was first taken to the Albion Chapel, where, on entering, the 
 organ pealed forth the "Dead March in Saul;" and after a short 
 service the funeral procession proceeded to the Hull Cemeteiy, 
 where the interment took place. The funeral sermon was preached 
 on Sunday eveniug, in the Albion Chapel, by the son-in-law of the 
 deceased, the Fiev. Xewman Hall.* 
 
 A balloon ascent took place at the Zoological Gardens, on the 
 evening of June 11th (1S49), which was witnessed by many thou- 
 sands of spectators. The aeronaut on the occasion was Lieut. Gale, 
 and the balloon was called the " Cremorne." Mr. Gale was accom- 
 panied by two other gentlemen. The descent was effected some 
 distance beyond Sutton. 
 
 The cholera made its appearance here on the 10th of August, and 
 in the following mouth special services were held in the churches of 
 the town " to acknowledge the hand of Almighty God in the present 
 awful visitation, and to implore the removal of the existing calamity." 
 
 * Dr. Gordon was born at Fountains Hall, near Eipon. Above bis tomb is a tall 
 white marble obelisk, erected by public subscription. The inscription on it designates 
 the deceased doctor " The People's Friend."
 
 HISTORY OF KINGST0N-UP0N-IITJLL. 177 
 
 At the meeting of the British Association held here in 1853, Dr. 
 (now Sir H.) Cooper read a paper " On the Mortality of Hull in the 
 Autumn of 1849," in which he showed that the total number of 
 cholera and diarrhoea cases was 1,860, one in 43 of the whole 
 population of the town. The greatest mortality compared with the 
 annual average appears to have occurred in the prime of life (from 
 30 to 35), where the ordinary mortality is very low. Of the above 
 stated number of victims of cholera, 1,738 belonged to the labouring 
 classes, and 122 to the gentry, traders, and well-to-do classes. The 
 localities in which there had been the greatest mortality, were the 
 parts of the borough where the levels were the lowest, and in which, 
 therefore, the hygienic condition, as regards moisture and drainage, 
 might be presumed to be most defective. 
 
 In the Cemetery is a large obelisk, erected by private contribu- 
 tions, to commemorate this mournful visitation, when, according to 
 the inscription on it, " during the months of July, August, and Sep- 
 tember, upwards of 2,000 of the inhabitants fell victims to that 
 fearful disease." The inscription, too, states that the remains of 
 700 of these were deposited near that monument. 
 
 On the morning of January 29th, 1850, the Humber was visited 
 by a tide of such extraordinary height, as had been only once ex- 
 ceeded, and but twice previously equalled, during the last sixty years. 
 Many parts of the town were inundated. 
 
 The Hull and East Riding Parliamentary and Financial Reform 
 Association held a grand soiree in the Public Rooms, on the 15th 
 of January, 1851. This was a brilliant demonstration. The Music 
 Hall and the two large side rooms were crowded with ladies and 
 gentlemen. The Mayor (T. W. Palmer, Esq.) presided, and with 
 his worship, at the principal table, sat James Clay, Esq., M.P. ; and 
 Sir Joshua Walmsley, M.P., Henry Tindal Atkinson and James 
 Slack, Esqrs., being a deputation from the National Association. 
 
 In the summer of 1851 some very violent thunder and rain 
 storms occurred. One of these broke over Hull with terrific vio- 
 
 * The rate of mortality here at present is lower than it is in most of the large towns 
 in England. In the years 1861 and 1862 it was about 22 deaths per thousand people, 
 including foreign sailors, and the deaths in the Infirmary, of persons from Lincoln- 
 shire, and the neighbouring villages. 
 
 2 A
 
 178 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 lence on the evening of the 13th of August. The afternoon had 
 been remarkably sultry and oppressive, and shortly after five o'clock 
 the air was darkened by the approach of a dense cloud, and the 
 rolling of distant thunder was distinctly heard. An hour later the 
 storm burst over the town. The rain fell in a deluging manner, 
 accompanied with an immense fall of hailstones, numbers of which 
 were as large as walnuts ; and the crash they made upon the glass- 
 work of the houses was truly startling. In about twenty minutes 
 the channels had become torrents ; the gully-holes became choked, 
 and some of the streets were inundated ! Meantime, the lightning 
 flashed and the thunder roared dreadfully — flash following flash, 
 and peal following peal, almost without intermission ; and after the 
 hail and rain had ceased to pour, and the fury of the storm had 
 abated, the lightning and thunder continued. As the evening ad- 
 vanced and darkness prevailed, the flashes, almost every minute, 
 made everything perfectly distinct, and illumined the streets and 
 houses with a lurid glare ; and this scene continued till late at night. 
 Happily but little damage resulted from the electric fluid. It de- 
 scended the chimney of a house in Neptune-street, and, striking a 
 bed, rent the bed-clothes to ribbons, shivering the posts, and then 
 made its escape. The most singular freak it played was at a house 
 in Saville-street, where it entered the kitchen, forced open the oven 
 door — completely tearing the top of the oven from the bottom — and 
 severed a cake which had just been put into it. That part of the 
 cake left in the oven was in a state of dough, whilst another part, 
 which was thrown out on the kitchen floor with a portion of the 
 oven, was baked quite hard and curled up. This storm seems to 
 have been confined to a comparatively narrow course, for whilst on 
 the Yorkshire side of the Humber it was raging terrifically, on the 
 other side all was calm. The line of the storm was distinctly marked 
 on the Humber, and could be seen from some distance. It made 
 rare work for the glaziers. No less than 226 panes of glass were 
 smashed in the Kingston Chapel, Holderness-road; Great Thorn- 
 ton-street Chapel suffered severely; the upper windows of the Ta- 
 bernacle in Sykes-street were completely riddled. The following 
 clay there was also a heavy storm of thunder, lightning, and rain, 
 but it was nothing as compared with the preceding one.
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 170 
 
 This country was, on the 25th and 20th of September in the 
 same year, visited by a most tremendous storm. The damage sus- 
 tained by the shipping along the east coast was very great, the 
 loss of life was frightful, and perhaps on no part of the coast was the 
 mischief greater than in the vicinity of the entrance to the Humber. 
 Considerably above one hundred vessels were driven ashore, and 
 the number that foundered, with all hands, was painfully numerous. 
 
 One of the most destructive fires that had occurred in Hull for 
 several years, took place on the night of the 5th of March, 1852, on 
 the premises of Messrs. Hare and Co., tallow chandlers, South 
 Church-side. Tallow being such an inflammable substance, the 
 blaze was terrific, and the illumination attracted thousands of per- 
 sons to the spot. Scarcely a brick of Messrs. Hare's premises was 
 left standing, and the adjoining property — including Fish-street 
 Chapel — suffered materially. The damage altogether was estimated 
 at above £1,000. The fire was supposed to have been caused by 
 the overheating of a stove. Another extensive fire occurred here 
 on the night of the 3rd of the month of May following, when the 
 extensive workshop of Mr. H. Glen, cabinet-maker, in Mason-street, 
 was destroyed. The stock in the building was estimated at £1,300. 
 
 The barque " Aurora," of Hull, 484 tons register, the property of 
 Messrs. Brodrick, sailed from this port for New York on the 26th 
 of April, 1853, but having sprung a leak she was lost at sea on the 
 20th of the following month. There were forty-four persons on 
 board, passengers and crew. Twenty-nine of these were lost ; the 
 other were saved by taking to the long boat, from which they were 
 rescued by a vessel bound for Greenock. 
 
 The late Mr. Alderman Joseph Jones, one of the " men of the 
 people " of Hull, died at his residence at Willerby, in December, 
 this year. Mr. Jones has been described as " a gentleman of high 
 public spirit, of strong and sound principles, of great and extensive 
 benevolence, whose memory will continue to be held in deserved 
 respect by all classes of his fellow townsmen." The respect in 
 which he was held by all parties was fully evidenced in his funeral. 
 The members of the Town Council, and many others, met the 
 funeral cortege on the Anlaby road, where immense numbers of per- 
 sons were gathered. Indeed all the streets on the line of road along
 
 180 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 ■which the procession passed, were lined with thousands of people, 
 nearly all of whom wore more or less mourning. Along the route 
 of the procession the shops were closed. The remains of the de- 
 ceased Alderman were interred in Holy Trinity Church. 
 
 Another Hull worthy, Sir William Lowthrop, Knt., died in the 
 same month, at Nice, whither he had gone for the benefit of his 
 health. In the pages of the Hull Advertiser of December 30th, 
 1853, we find Sir William described as "an honest, ardent politi- 
 cian, and an accomplished Christian gentleman;" also, "a scholar 
 without pedantry, a devout Christian without sourness or cant, and 
 in all the ordinary relations of life, a kind, benevolent, instructive, 
 courteous, and most cheerful member of society; the marked feature 
 in his character" being "excessive gentleness." 
 
 In the beginning of April, 1854, James Henwood, Esq., one of 
 the oldest and most esteemed of the magistrates of the borough, 
 was " gathered to his fathers." The local journals speak of this 
 gentleman's active zeal in the promotion of all philanthropic objects. 
 Mr. Henwood was, for upwards of fifty years, connected with the 
 bank of Messrs. Smith, Brothers', and Co. His remains were in- 
 terred in the Cemetery, and his funeral was one of the largest ever 
 seen in Hull. 
 
 The death of another deeply lamented public man, William Hunt 
 Pearson, Esq., of the eminent firm of Messrs. Brownlow, Pearson, 
 and Co., occurred in the mouth of June in the same year. He was 
 a gentleman of great business qualities, and remarkable for many 
 public and private virtues. His remains were buried in the Ceme- 
 tery, and his funeral, too, was a very large one. 
 
 On the 17th of August, 1854, Her Majesty's ship " Horatio," 
 Captain Jenner, sailed from the Humber to Yarmouth, after being 
 stationed in the Hull roads for some time, for the purpose of re- 
 ceiving volunteer seamen for the royal navy. 
 
 One of the brightest pages in the modern history of Hull is the 
 visit paid to the town in 1854, by her most gracious Majesty Queen 
 Victoria. Although upwards of 200 years had elapsed since the 
 town was honoured with a royal visit, yet there are few places that 
 in earlier times were more favoured by royalty.
 
 HISTORY OF KTNOSTON-UPON-HULL. 181 
 
 At a meeting of the Town Council on the 5th of May, 1853, it 
 was moved by Mr. Anthony Bannister, and unanimously agreed to, 
 that the following address be forwarded to William Hutt, Esq., M.P., 
 to be presented to her Majesty as early as possible. 
 
 " To the Queen's Most Gracious Majesty. 
 " The humble and loyal address of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses of Kingslon-upon- 
 Hull, in Council assembled. 
 " Sheweth, — That we, the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses of the Ancient Borough 
 of Kingston-upon-Hull, yielding to none of your Majesty's subjects in loyalty to the 
 Throne, and in Attachment. Esteem, and Reverence, for your Majesty's person, beg 
 humbly to represent to your Majesty, that it would be gratifying to us, and be esteemed 
 a very special mark of your Majesty's favour and condescension, should your Majesty 
 graciously comply with our earnest request that your Majesty will honour our Ancient 
 Borough with your presence, at such time as may suit your convenience. And we 
 beg at the same time to assure your Majesty that should you be graciously pleased to 
 accede to this, our humble request, the inhabitants of our Ancient Borough are pre- 
 pared to give your Majesty a Loyal, Hearty, and Welcome Reception, and that your 
 consideration on complying with our wish will ever be remembered by us with 
 grateful Hearts." 
 
 This invitation was most graciously accepted, and in the begin- 
 ning of October the Mayor (Henry Cooper, Esq., M.D.) received the 
 following letter from the Secretary of State. 
 
 " Balmoral, Oct. 3rd, 1854. 
 " Sir, — I have the pleasure to inform you that I have received the Queen's com- 
 mand to signify to you her Majesty's intention to visit Hull on her return from Scot- 
 land to the south. The Queen purposes to arrive at Hull from Edinburgh about six 
 o'clock in the afternoon of Friday, the 13th instant. On Saturday morning, the 14th, 
 her Majesty will drive through the principal parts of the town, after which she will 
 embark, at eleven o'clock precisely, on board the royal yacht Fairy, for Great Grimsby, 
 from which place her Majesty will proceed in the afternoon of the same day by 
 railway to London. 
 
 " I have the honour to be, &c, " G. GREY." 
 
 Great was the exultation with which the announcement of the 
 visit of the Queen was received. There was but little time for pre- 
 paration. Fortunately, however, a committee which had been ap- 
 pointed by the Corporation the previous year (when a royal visit 
 was anticipated, and when the Corporation voted £3,000., out of 
 the surplus fund of the borough, to defray the expenses of it) to 
 arrange all preliminaries, was still in existence ; and the members 
 of it were instantly summoned, and commenced work forthwith. 
 Various sub-committees were immediately formed to superintend 
 the works necessary to be carried out. In a few short hours the 
 clink of the hammer and the harsh grating of the saw told how
 
 182 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 busily all were engaged ; and before the night of the day fell upon 
 which Sir George Grey's letter was received, the skeleton of a vast 
 amphitheatre had reared its head in the yard of the Bailway Station. 
 Fortunately something had already been done at South-end, the 
 place of embarkation. The previous year, when the Queen's visit 
 was expected, the trunk of the Corporation Pier communicating with 
 the shore had been covered in with a light handsome roof. But it 
 now required decorating and painting, and standing-places had to 
 be provided beneath and about it, for as many as possible of the 
 loyal lieges of Hull as could be accommodated. The noise and 
 bustle of active workmen were soon everywhere. The Works Com- 
 mittee, the Programme Committee, the Illumination Committee, 
 &c, were busy ; and, in a few days, affairs were progressing almost 
 marvellously. The workmen of the Board of Health were relaying 
 the portions of the streets that needed it ; the paint brush was at 
 work in the cleansing and putting a new coat upon Corporation pro- 
 perty ; at South-end seats were being placed along the footpath on 
 each side of the covered way, and wings were extending in an am- 
 phitheatrical form at the top of the pier; while, on each limb, huge 
 galleries were assuming shape. At the corners of streets crossing 
 the proposed line of route of her Majestj', workmen were busily 
 engaged putting down posts for the erection of barricades to prevent 
 undue crushing or breaking of the line of road during the royal pro- 
 gress. Between Whitefriar-gate end and the bridge, tall poles raised 
 their lofty heads, exhibiting the rough outline of a triumphal arch ; 
 and a similar appearance presented itself at the Market-place end 
 of Queen-street. 
 
 Mr. Alderman Thompson, the Chairman of the General Com- 
 mittee, we are told by the " Hull Advertiser," " was as active as he 
 always is," and the same authority informs us that " Mr. Anthony 
 Bannister, the Chairman of the Programme Committee, contrived 
 to endue everybody around him with something of his own untiring 
 vigour." Nor were private individuals idle. In every direction the 
 busy hum of preparation sounded in the ears. Everybody was 
 painting, or washing, or cleaning in some way or other ; and the 
 request for a general illumination gave great satisfaction. 
 
 It had been arranged that the Sunday School children of the
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 183 
 
 town, and of those villages adjacent who should make application, 
 should be accommodated in the Station-yard, and sing the national 
 anthem as the Queen passed out on Saturday morning. The cou- 
 ductorship of this was put into the hands of Mr. J. G. Skelton, and 
 an extraordinary undertaking it was. On a first brief enquiry it 
 was found that not less than 10,000 children would have to be ac- 
 commodated, and to conduct such a number of infant voices in such 
 a manner as to ensure anything like time and tune was, in truth, a 
 heavy task. Mr. Skelton went separately to each school and drilled 
 his young pupils well, and then he had a glorious rehearsal. 
 
 When the pier was finished it presented a pleasing appearance. 
 Along each wing standing places were fitted up to accommodate 
 6,000 persons. They rose one above another from the river side of 
 the pier to the extreme of the other side, and afforded a splendid 
 view of the Humber. The railings and barricades placed to en- 
 sure safety were covered with scarlet cloth, while white calico hid 
 the roughness of the wood of which the steps were made. The 
 wings were similarly arranged, and each side of the covered way 
 was fitted up in like manner with red cloth and white calico. The 
 roof was decorated by Mr. Sales. The front towards the water was 
 surmounted by the royal arms, with flags, &c. Around the light 
 iron ties which run across the top of the covered way were twisted 
 ivy leaves, and the pillars were decorated with evergreens, festoons 
 of which also were pendant from the roof along its whole length. 
 Flags and banners were plentifully hung about, and the whole affair 
 looked exceedingly well. 
 
 The two triumphal arches, when completed, were splendid and 
 tasteful erections. The one near to the Whitefriar-gate Bridge was 
 a massive structure, having side-ways and a very large upper arch, 
 standing on pilasters. The whole was surmounted with the royal 
 arms, flags, &c, and the inscription "Welcome." Over the side- 
 ways were the lion and unicorn, couchant. The one in Queen-street 
 was supported on massive looking pilasters, and formed a grand 
 arch on the carriage road, and smaller arches over the foot-paths. 
 The pilasters were painted to resemble sculptured stone. Over the 
 main arch, on each side, ran the legend " Vivat Kegina," with the 
 royal arms, and above all, a huge lion, couchant. The plough, the
 
 184 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 sail, and the loom, were represented on each side of the inscription, 
 while over the side arches were small trophies ; and above, rising 
 from the top of the arch, the arms of the town. These arches were 
 erected under the superintendence of Mr. Seaman, of Hull. 
 
 At the Railway Station the preparations were of a yet more stu- 
 pendous character. The Queen, it was arranged, should alight on 
 the north side of the station. Along the platform adjoining the 
 wall were erected a large number of standing places. Over the line 
 above where the carriages were to stop, was another series of raised 
 steps, so that her Majesty, when she alighted, would pass between 
 two masses of her subjects. Upon the platform, near to the refresh- 
 ment rooms, were more raised steps. The whole of these standing 
 places were covered with white calico, the barriers and rails being 
 covered with red cloth. The platform, from the place where her 
 Majesty alighted to the door of the hotel, was covered with a most 
 beautiful velvet pile carpet, lent for the occasion by Messrs. Fearne 
 and Easten. Evergreens and banners were plentiful along the tie- 
 rods of the roof, and the walls of the station. 
 
 Outside the accommodation was immense. Commencing from a 
 point level with the north-eastern corner of the hotel, standing 
 places, rising gradually from the ground to a considerable height, ran 
 round the whole of the east front of the hotel like a vast amphi- 
 theatre, and then sweeping with a slight curve along its south front, 
 turned off with a fine full round to the Anlaby-road entrance. 
 Similar standing places were also erected on the other side of the 
 spacious yard, so that her Majesty, in driving out, would have to 
 pass between two platforms. The places directly fronting the east 
 main entrance to the hotel were set aside for the children. 
 
 The Directors of the Railway Co. placed their magnificent hotel 
 at the disposal of the Corporation for the accommodation of the 
 Queen and her suite. Upholsterers were set to work to fit up in a 
 becoming manner, a throne-room, bed-room, drawing-room, and bou- 
 doir for the Queen; and the royal children's sitting and sleeping 
 rooms. 
 
 Her Majesty's apartments, with those of her suite, were upon the 
 first floor, the royal household occupying the second. The apart- 
 ment situated at the south-east corner of the hotel was converted
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 185 
 
 into a throne-room. The throne was of a French style (of the Moyen 
 age), and consisted of three chairs for her Majesty, Prince Albert, 
 and the Prince of Wales. These chairs, which were elegantly 
 carved, richly gilt, and covered with crimson silk velvet, were placed 
 on a dais of three steps, covered with purple cloth with gold fringe. 
 The back was formed of fluted white satin, and the drapery forming 
 the back and sides was of crimson satin, with gold fringe and bul- 
 lion, lined inside with white satin. The dome was of gold, lined 
 with white satin. Behind the state chair were the royal arms, dis- 
 played in gold and colours upon a silk ground. The whole of the 
 apartments used by the royal party were fitted up, furnished, and 
 decorated in the most sumptuous and elegant manner.* The plate 
 used was entirely of gold and silver — massive and splendid — kindly 
 lent by Sir Clifford Constable ; and to Lady Constable belonged the 
 toilet-mirror, candlesticks, and ornaments, used in the Queen's bed- 
 room. At one end of the dining-room was a side-board, decorated 
 with gold plate from the establishment of Messrs. Jacobs and Lucas ; 
 and a similar one stood at the other end, exhibiting the silver plato 
 belonging to the hotel. The centre was composed of a massive gold 
 ornament, holding a boquet of flowers, the base supported by four 
 figures, representing art, science, poetry, and music, standing on a 
 plateau of plate-glass, the border of great elegance to correspond. 
 Down the table were ranged splendid candelabras, and coolers con- 
 taining exotics, dessert stands, &c, &c, consisting of fifty pieces. 
 On the walls hung several pictures from the Trinity House. 
 Amongst the beautiful articles of interest in the Queen's drawing- 
 room was a splendid screen of needle work belonging to Mrs. An- 
 thony Bannister. Surrounding the candelabra in the hall were 
 many fine exotics from the Hull Botanic Gardens, arranged by the 
 curator, Mr. Nevin ;_ and the same gentleman fancifully arranged 
 banks of moss and green-house plants in the balcony, so as to give 
 
 * Messrs. Eichardson and Sons, Bond-street, fitted up the throne room ; Messrs. 
 Pearne and Easten, Market-place, the grand hall of the hotel, and the Queen's drawing- 
 room ; Messrs. Brown and Wallis, "\Vhitefriar-gate,the Queen's bed-room; and Messrs. 
 Carlill, Whitefriar-gate, the boudoir. 
 
 The other tradesmen patronised through her Majesty's visit were Messrs. Marris 
 and Smith (now Marris, Willows, and Smith) drapers, and Mr. Cussons, bookseller, 
 Wkitefriar-gate ; and Mr. H. Wilson, grocer, corner of George-street and Saville-street. 
 
 2 B
 
 186 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 it the appearance of a conservatory. Distributed through the va- 
 rious rooms were Parian statuettes, bronzes, and other articles of 
 vertu, lent by Mr. Leng, bookseller, of Saville-street. 
 
 The scene in the station before the arrival of the royal train, was 
 a most gratifying and pleasing one. The station itself was bril- 
 liantly lighted. The Mayor and Corporation (nearly all) appeared 
 in new robes, provided for the first time for many years. The guard 
 of honour, from the 51st and 6th regiments, was under the com- 
 mand of Major-Gen. Sir Harry Smith, the hero of Aliwal. The 
 side galleries were filled with ladies and gentlemen. At the upper 
 end stood the Vocal Society, under the conductorship of Mr. 
 Skelton ; and Lord Londesborough's yacht band ; and at the lower 
 end of the platform was the band of the 7th hussars. At the spot 
 where the Queen was expected to alight, were the Earl of Carlisle, 
 the Earl of Yarborough, Lord Londesborough, Lord Hotham, Sir 
 Clifford Constable, Bart., the Mayor, Alderman, Recorder, Sheriff, 
 Town Councillors, Town Clerk, the M.P.'s for the borough, the 
 Lord Mayor of York, Mayor of Beverley, &c. 
 
 At six o'clock (on Friday evening, October 13th) the royal train 
 entered the station, and at that moment cannon thundered forth 
 a royal salute, and the military band played " God save the Queen." 
 The royal party consisted of Her Majesty, his Royal Highness 
 Prince Albert (the Prince Consort), the five royal children, the 
 Countess of Dysart, lady in waiting, and the Hon. Miss Stanley. 
 Amongst the suite was the Earl of Aberdeen (the then Premier), 
 General Grey, &c. The Queen, leaning on the arm of Prince Al- 
 bert, accompanied by the Mayor, and followed by the Prince of 
 Wales, Prince Alfred, the Princess Royal, the Princess Alice, the 
 Princess Helena, and their suite, proceeded up the platform to the 
 hotel, amidst the hearty congratulations of all present, the Vocal 
 Society singing the national anthem. The Queen, on entering 
 the hotel, preceded by the Mayor, was evidently pleased by the 
 beauty of the handsome hall ; the Mayor, having conducted Her 
 Majesty to the foot of the grand staircase, retired, and she pro- 
 ceeded to the royal apartments. The Mayor and all in attendance 
 remained in the great hall. After a very brief interval, the Queen 
 again descended, and preceded by the Earl of Aberdeen and General
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 187 
 
 Grey, and leaning on the arm of Prince Albert, proceeded to the 
 throne-room. Here her Majesty took her stand in front of tho 
 throne upon the dais, having Prince Albert and the Princesses on 
 her left, and the Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred on her right. 
 She still wore her bonnet, and the Prince the dress in which he 
 arrived. It had been previously intimated that her Majesty would 
 receive the loyal addresses to be presented to her without being 
 read, and send replies from London. The presentation of the ad- 
 dresses then commenced. These were from the Corporations of tho 
 town and Trinity House, and the Dock Company. The Queen re- 
 ceived the addresses, and handed them to Lord Aberdeen. Ad- 
 dresses were also presented to Prince Albert. This concluded the 
 ceremonial, and the royal personages and their suite then proceeded 
 to their apartments. On retiring from the audience, her Majesty 
 was pleased to express her gratification at the reception which she 
 had met with from the town and Corporation. The royal dinner 
 party in the evening included the Earls of Aberdeen and Carlisle, 
 Lord Londesborough, Sir Harry Smith, and others. The bills of 
 fare were in gold letters on white satin edged with gold fringe. 
 
 The illuminations at night were gorgeous, and on a most mag- 
 nificent scale. All the public buildings, and most of the places of 
 worship, inns, and respectable houses, were fancifully decorated with 
 elegant designs and devices in gas, coloured (oil) lamps, transpa- 
 rencies, &c, bearing loyal and appropriate mottoes. The streets 
 were crowded with people in a manner rarely witnessed, while num- 
 berless cabs and carriages of all sorts drove along slowly. 
 
 On the following morning the Suuday School children were 
 marched to the Station yard in three grand divisions, each battalion 
 bearing its colours, and each child wearing a medal commemorative 
 of the royal visit. By half-past seven they were all ranged on the 
 series of raised steps, forming a vast amphitheatre, around the prin- 
 cipal front of the hotel. The boys occupied the northern side, and 
 the girls the south. At the top of the gallery, all round, ran a row 
 of flag staffs, from which bunting floated in the air. Such a spec- 
 tacle as this assemblage of children presented, has never been 
 equalled in Hull, and very rarely anywhere. The Corporation 
 ranged themselves in front of the hotel, as did likewise several
 
 188 HISTORY OF KINGST0N-UP0N-HULL. 
 
 noblemen and gentlemen. About nine o'clock H.R.H. the Prince 
 Consort drove off in tbe Major's carriage, accompanied by tbe 
 Mayor, the President of the Literary and Philosophical Society (C. 
 Frost, Esq.), and Major-Gen. Grey, amid the cheers of the assem- 
 bled thousands, to the new rooms of the Literary and Philosophical 
 Society, in Albion-street. His Pioyal Highness, who was a patron 
 of this society, expressed his unmixed gratification at seeing such a 
 beautiful suite of rooms, and, after remaining a short time, drove 
 back to the hotel. Soon after her Majesty and the Prince, with the 
 royal children and suite, came out upon the balcony, and then a 
 scene was witnessed which utterly defies description. Over the 
 head of her Majesty was a serene sky, before her stood 10,552 
 children and 1,210 teachers, sending up their prayer to the throne 
 of the Most High, that He, the Lord their God, would arise and 
 " scatter her enemies, and make them fall." There was no heart 
 in that vast assembly free from the deepest emotion, and her Ma- 
 jesty was affected even to tears. Never will the recollection of those 
 moments be erased from the memory of any one who was present. 
 Those tiuy voices, drilled and conducted by Mr. Skelton, sang the 
 beautiful strains of the national anthem with the greatest precision ; 
 and when the music ceased, enthusiastic cheers were raised both by 
 the people generally and the children. The Queen then retired. 
 Her Majesty wore a white tulle bonnet with white strings, a laven- 
 der watered dress, and a lavender silk mantle. Prince Albert was 
 dressed simply in a frock coat with plaided waistcoat. The royal 
 children were dressed in a plain and simple manner. 
 
 The royal cavalcade, consisting of five carriages, escorted by a 
 party of the 7th hussars, now proceeded through the town; whilst 
 the members of the Corporation proceeded to the Corporation Pier 
 to give her Majesty another loyal reception prior to her embarkation. 
 First came the Mayor's carriage, containing the Mayor, Sheriff, and 
 Recorder; next her Majesty's carriage (drawn by four horses and 
 outriders), containing, besides the Queen and Prince Albert, the 
 Prince of Wales and the Princess Ptoyal ; the third contained the 
 three younger children and the two ladies named before; and the 
 Earl of Aberdeen, Lord Alfred Paget, the Earl of Carlisle, and 
 General Grey, occupied the two other carriages. Leaving the Sta-
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 189 
 
 tion-yard the procession proceeded along Carr-lane, Chariot-street, 
 Carlisle-street, and Prospect-street, to Alhion-street. There was a 
 spacious gallery for spectators opposite the noble almshouse of the 
 Trinity House ; and adjoining the Albion Chapel a vast gallery had 
 been erected, on which 2,000 persons sat. The line of road along 
 Carr-lane and Chariot-street to Albion-street was kept by special 
 constables of the Kingston Unity of Odd Fellows, 700 strong; and 
 from Albion-street to Whitefriar-gate Bridge the line was kept by 
 Odd Fellows of the Manchester Unity. Through Jarratt-street, 
 Mason-street, Bourne-street, Charlotte-street, George-street, and Sa- 
 ville-street, the procession reached Whitefriar-gate Bridge, and 
 passed under the triumphal arch, which stood within a foot or two 
 of the site of the Beverley Gate, from whence Charles I. was re- 
 pulsed in clays of yore (See page 107) ; and it was remarked that at 
 no spot on the line of route did her Majesty receive warmer saluta- 
 tations or heartier greetings than here. Entering the old town the 
 royal cortege moved along Whitefriar-gate and Silver-street to the 
 Market-place (the line being kept by the Druids and Shipwrights), 
 where it wound round the statue of King William III., which was 
 beautifully adorned. Passing under the other triumphal arch and 
 through Queen-street, the royal family reached South-end, where 
 they were received by the Corporation. 
 
 At the entrance of the Corporation Pier (since called the Victoria 
 Pier) her Majesty was received by the Mayor, Recorder, and Town 
 Clerk (the Mayor bearing the mace), and ushered up the roofed 
 way of the pier, the floor of which was covered with a rich velvet 
 pile carpet, lent for the occasion by Mr. Edwin Davis, of the Market- 
 place. Here the cheering of the multitude was so great that the 
 national anthem, which was played by the military bands, could 
 scarcely be heard. The Mayor having conducted his Sovereign to 
 the pier-head, was retiring to a short distance, when the Queen 
 beckoned to the Earl of Aberdeen, and after a moment's conversa- 
 tion with the Prime Minister, the noble Earl summoned the Mayor 
 to attend her Majesty. Here her Majesty advanced a step towards 
 the Mayor, and commanded him to kneel. (The public were startled 
 with the most pleasurable emotions, and the first surprise over, a 
 burst of applause, which was kept up with unabated vigour during
 
 190 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 the remainder of the ceremony, rent the air.) The Mayor knelt, 
 and the Queen, handing to the Prince of Wales the bouquet which 
 she had borne from the carriage, pulled off her gloves, and receiving 
 from General Grey that officer's sabre, laid it first upon the left and 
 then upon the right shoulder of his worship, and then, her Majesty, 
 with queenly dignity, commanded him to rise " Sir Henry Cooper." 
 Having risen, her Majesty held out to Sir Henry Cooper her hands, 
 and he, again kneeling, kissed them. The Earl of Aberdeen then 
 advanced and shook his worship most heartily by the hand, and the 
 Town-Clerk did the same. The interesting ceremony was performed 
 close to the great lamp on the pier. After that her Majesty was 
 pleased to request the newly-knighted Mayor, together with the Re- 
 corder, Sheriff, and Town Clerk, to accompany her in the roval 
 steam-yacht, " Fairy," in her progress through the docks. 
 
 The royal party then descended the carpeted slope and embarked, 
 amidst the booming of a royal salute from the guns of the " Malacca," 
 a 17 gun corvette, laid out in the roads ; and the mighty cheers of 
 the thousands of spectators. The day was beautiful, and the river 
 was covered with yachts, steamers, and vessels of all sizes. The 
 rigging of the Trinity House yacht was manned by the boys of the 
 Marine School, and presented a most interesting spectacle. 
 
 The progress through the docks then commenced. Entering the 
 Victoria Dock lock-pit, after a pilot steamer, the Fairy was followed 
 by a steamer containing most of the members of the Hull Dock 
 Company ; the Harlequin, containing the Corporation ; the Colum- 
 bine and the Trinity House yacht; the Olive and the Queen, with 
 merchants, tradesmen, and others. From the Victoria Dock the 
 royal yacht proceeded up the old harbour and through the lock-pit 
 of the Old Dock. The Fairy then continued her course swiftly 
 through the Old and Junction Docks, only stopping at intervals, and 
 at eleven o'clock she passed from the Humber Dock and basin into 
 the roads, and hove towards the pier, in order to receive some of the 
 royal household and baggage. Her Majesty and her Royal Consort 
 then cordially took leave of the Mayor, Sheriff, Recorder, and Town 
 Clerk, the Queen expressing her sense of the loyalty of her reception, 
 and the great pleasure which that reception had given her. The 
 royal steamer gently moved off amidst the vociferous cheers of the
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 191 
 
 multitude. The royal party then paid a visit to Great Grimsby, 
 from which place they proceeded by railway to London. 
 
 Nothing could surpass the excellence of the arrangements at the 
 hotel or in the streets during this royal visit. All was in good taste 
 from the first to the last. The people did their duty gloriously. 
 The enthusiasm of the countless thousands, who had assembled from 
 all quarters to look upon the fair face of their beloved Sovereign, 
 was unbounded. Dense multitudes lined the footways and congre- 
 gated at every available spot, as well as on the house tops, during 
 the royal progress through the town, and cheered to the echo. The 
 rigging of the vessels in the docks was literally alive with people, 
 who hung on almost in spite of the laws of gravitation, and the dock 
 sides were crowded to excess. The same rejoicing greeted the royal 
 visitants everywhere; and everywhere flags, banners, festoons of 
 evergreens, devices, &c, met the eye. Whitefriar-gate and the 
 Market-place exceeded all other parts in the magnificence of deco- 
 ration. The roofs of Holy Trinity Church and of some of the 
 houses in its vicinity were crowded with spectators, which produced 
 an odd effect. It was stated that in no other town was the Queen 
 more entirely pleased, and even delighted, with the joyous, and at 
 the same time elegant appropriateness of the welcome given to her. 
 By conferring the honour of Knighthood on the Mayor, her Majesty 
 recognised the loyalty of the inhabitants by the most distinguished 
 and gracious approval. 
 
 A plan of the old town — being that part of Hull around which 
 the royal party steamed — was presented to her Majesty by the 
 Mayor. This was printed on white satin, and inlaid in morocco, 
 with gold bordering, surrounded by this inscription, in letters of gold : 
 " Part-plan of Kingston-upon-Hull, visited by Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty Queen Victoria, October 13th and 14th, 1854 — God save 
 the Queen." The elegant mounting of this plan was executed by 
 Mr. John Nicholson, bookseller, Low-gate. 
 
 On the evening of her Majesty's departure, there was a grand 
 dinner at the Station Hotel, in celebration of the royal visit. Sir 
 Henry Cooper occupied the chair.* 
 
 * In the Town Hall are two fine pictures of her Majesty and Sir Henry Cooper, 
 painted by Mr. George Pycock Green. The Queen is represented standing, clothed
 
 193 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 An alarming fire occurred at the iron-foundry in Scott-street, 
 belonging to Messrs. Martin Sarauelson and Co., on the night of the 
 30th of March, 1855. The fire was first seen in the model-room 
 in the upper part of the building, and the flames soon burst forth 
 from the windows; and though several fire-engines were shortly 
 afterwards set vigorously to work all round the building, the flames 
 continued to increase rapidly and the roof fell in at intervals. The 
 machinery and implements on the secoud floor then fell to the 
 bottom with a loud crash, causing myriads of sparks and burning 
 embers to be emitted. Fortunately the workmen of the establish- 
 ment succeeded in cutting off the dangerous connexion the building 
 had with other parts of the premises, and the fire was got under. 
 The loss sustained by the proprietors was considerable. The build- 
 ing contained a large amount of valuable machinery and working 
 implements ; besides two engines intended for two new steamers, 
 which were near their completion. 
 
 The Town Hall of Hull, on the 12th of April, 1855, was the scene 
 of one of the most interesting and influential public meetings ever 
 held in this borough, for the purpose of taking into consideration 
 the benefits to be derived from an Industrial Reformatory School for 
 Juvenile Offenders in this district, in conformity with the provisions 
 of the statute 17 and 18 Vict., cap 86. This meeting owed very 
 much of its efficiency to the exertions of T. H. Travis, Esq. (Sti- 
 pendary Magistrate), who was the chief of those who originated the 
 matter here. Sir Henry Cooper occupied the chair. A Society for 
 the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders was there formed, having 
 the Earl of Carlisle for its president, and a long list of patrons and 
 vice-presidents, amongst whom were the Archbishop of York, Lord 
 
 in her robes of state, and from the inscription attached to the frame, we learn that 
 the porta.it was painted for the Corpora/ion, by permission of her Majesty, as a me- 
 morial of her visit to Hull. Sir Henry Cooper is also represented in his Mayor's 
 gown and chain, and standing. The inscription states that the portrait was painted 
 for the inhabitants of Hull, " as a memorial of the satisfactory manner in which he 
 (the Mayor) conducted the ceremonial of the reception of her Majesty Queen Victoria 
 on the 13th of October, 1854." 
 
 A neat pamphlet has been published, containing full details of this interesting visit 
 of Queen Victoria to Hull (compiled chiefly from the columns of the Hull Advertiser) 
 by Mr. James Smith, journeyman printer. 
 
 The cost of the Queen's visit to the Corporation was ^£4,032. 17s.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 193 
 
 Wenlock, Lord Hotham, Hon. A. Duncornbe, the Recorder and the 
 M.P.'s for Hull, and many of the gentry and magistrates of the 
 town and neighbourhood. Afterwards the North and East Ridings 
 of Yorkshire, the city of York, and the borough of Hull, all united 
 in the promotion of an establishment in which the criminal children 
 of the district may, by a systematic course of education, care, and 
 industrial occupation, become useful members of the community. 
 The anxious desire of the committee to commence the work of 
 reformation as soon as possible, was materially promoted by an offer 
 of the noble president to let on lease to the society a farm near 
 Castle Howard, in the neighbourhood of Malton. Arrangements 
 were soon made, and the school (in temporary buildings) was opened 
 in May, 1856. A new school has since been built. 
 
 On Sunday morning, 13th May, 1855, a fire broke out on the 
 premises of Mr. Good, ship-chandler, High-street. The damage 
 was estimated at £300. A fire of a very destructive character oc- 
 curred on the premises of Messrs. T. Middleton and Son, wholesale 
 grocers, 70, High-street, on the night of the 17th of December, in 
 the same year. The blaze was terrific, and the crash of the roof, 
 when it fell in, was tremendous. By great efforts, the fire was all 
 but confined to the building in which it originated. The raging 
 element at one period laid hold of the wooden basis of a brick 
 observatory perched on the summit of the adjoining building, the 
 business premises of Mr. Palmer. The flames rapidly curled 
 around it, and forced their way through the flooring, when the in- 
 terior was lighted up in a very picturesque manner, similar to a 
 mammoth lantern. 
 
 On the 5th of February, 1856, a public meeting, convened by the 
 Mayor (A. Bannister, Esq.), was held at the Town Hall, to make 
 arrangements for giving an entertainment to Humphry Sandwith, 
 Esq., M.D., as a mark of the high esteem and approbation which 
 his fellow townsmen entertained of his distinguished conduct in the 
 east, but more particularly at Kars, during the Russian war. Dr. 
 Sandwith had then just returned from the east, where he greatly 
 distinguished himself as a medical practitioner, and as one of the 
 most active and most mercifully employed of the gallant defenders 
 of Kars. Three days after the above-mentioned meeting was held, 
 
 2 c
 
 194 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 a public breakfast was given to the beroic doctor, in the great hall 
 of the Royal Station Hotel, of -which about 200 ladies and gentle- 
 men — the elite of Hull — partook. The hall was beautifully and 
 appropriately decorated for the occasion.* 
 
 George Cookman, Esq., a former Mayor, a magistrate, and for 
 several years deservedly looked up to as one of the public guides of 
 the people of Hull, died at his residence, Stepney Lodge, in April, 
 1850. His age was about 83 years. 
 
 At the conclusion of the war with Russia, peace was proclaimed 
 at Hull on Thursday, May 1st, in this year. About noon the 
 Mayor, Corporation, clergy, public bodies and officers, military 
 (under the command of Major Cairnes), &c, walked in procession 
 from the Mansion House to the Market-place, where hustings had 
 been erected near the equestrian statue ; and there the Mayor read 
 the proclamation of peace, and the proclamation for a day of general 
 thanksgiving — having previously read them in front of the Mansion 
 House. The scene in the Market-place was a most interesting one. 
 In a straight line along the middle of the open space, gleamed thickly 
 the bayonets of the soldiers, whose red coats contrasted vividly with 
 the more sombre garb of the civilians who crowded upon them. 
 Every window was filled with spectators, and the house-tops were 
 covered with persons. On the wall of the venerable old church, on 
 
 * Dr. Sandwith is son to Dr. Humphry Sandwith, of Hull, and nephew to Dr. 
 Thomas Sandwith, of Beverley. He was born at Bridlington, and commenced his 
 career in the east as the companion of the adventurous Layard, whom he accom- 
 panied to Nineveh, and with whom he visited the Arab tribes of Mesopotamia and the 
 Kurds of the Turco-Persian frontier. He was afterwards employed as correspondent 
 of the " Times " at Constantinople. In 1856 he was in Bulgaria under General 
 Beatson, helping him to raise a corps of irregular cavalry, and served on the Danube 
 at Bustchuk, Turtskai and Silistria, for which services he was granted the order of 
 Nishan Iftahar. He next joined the staff of General Williams, at Erzeroom, and pro- 
 ceeded with him to Kars. After the grand assault by the Russians on that stronghold, on 
 the 29th of September, 1855, Dr. Sandwith received the decoration of the order of the 
 Mejidie — an honour which was confirmed by the Queen. On his return to England, 
 in 1856, her Majesty appointed him Companion of the Bath, and the University of 
 Oxford gave him the honorary degree of D.C.L. at the " Commemoration " of that year. 
 The Emperor of the French also sent him the Legion of Honour. Dr. Sandwith was 
 attached to the Embassy Extraordinary sent to congratulate the Emperor of Kussia 
 on his accession to the throne, and in 1857 he was appointed Colonial Secretary of 
 the Mauritius, which post he resigned through ill health, in 1860. His " Narrative 
 of the Siege of Kars," published in 1856, is a most interesting work. Dr. Sandwith 
 now resides in London.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-IIULL. 195 
 
 its roof and pinnacles, and every available spot, they swarmed. And 
 to complete the picture, hundreds of flags floated from windows and 
 house-tops. The shops and other places of business were closed all 
 day. The following Sunday was the thanksgiving day to Almighty 
 God for his great goodness in putting an end to the war. 
 
 A very large and very stormy meeting of the ratepayers was held 
 in the Corn Exchange, on the 21st of January, 1857. The meeting 
 was convened by the Mayor (W. H. Moss, Esq.), for the purpose of 
 deciding whether the Free Libraries' Act of 1855 should be made 
 available for Hull. To the great credit of his worship it must be re- 
 corded that he made the most strenuous exertions to establish a Free 
 Public Library in Hull ; and in this good intention he was assisted 
 by many gentlemen of note as well as by a committee of working 
 men in the town ; but when the measure was put to the burgesses 
 in public meeting assembled, they, to their great discredit, scorn- 
 fully and turbulently rejected it by an overwhelming majority. In 
 fact, the movement failed through the opposition of the owners of 
 tenement property. 
 
 Arrived in the Humber, opposite Hull, from Plymouth, January 
 30th, 1857, H.M. 80 gun steam ship " Cornwallis." This vessel 
 continues at Hull, as a guard-ship, but chiefly for the purpose of 
 receiving volunteer seamen for the navy ; and in connexion with 
 her here are two or three gun-boats. 
 
 On the morning of the 26th of March, about two o'clock, a fire 
 broke out on the premises of Messrs. G. Spill and Co., waterproof 
 clothing manufacturers, 9, Market-place. The inmates of the house 
 were exposed to great danger in making their escape from the build- 
 ing. Mr. Julius Jacobsen, one of the firm, jumped from the chamber 
 window in the White Horse yard, with an infant in his arms, and 
 was hurt severely, but the child escaped uninjured. Mrs. Jacobsen, 
 her mother aud sister, got upon the roof of the shop, and were res- 
 cued by means of the escape ladders ; and the manager of the firm 
 was rescued by the same means from the upper chamber window. 
 The back-premises were gutted, and the contents of the shop de- 
 stroyed. The fire was got under about three o'clock. 
 
 An alarming fire took place on the premises of Messrs. Smith and 
 Young, wholesale druggists, Blanket-row, between eight and nine
 
 196 HISTOEY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 o'clock, on the evening of the 18th of May, in the same year. The 
 premises contained a large quantity of oils, drugs, drysaltery goods, 
 and miscellaneous articles — many of them being very inflammable. 
 The flames spread with marvellous rapidity, and the roof was soon 
 in a blaze, the flame throwing out a strong glare, which could be 
 seen from a considerable distance. Great exertions were made to 
 get the fire under ; a result which was happily effected by eleven 
 o'clock. The building was left a mere shell, and a valuable stock 
 of merchandise was totally destroyed. The cause of the fire is un- 
 known.* 
 
 On the afternoon of the 25th of June (1857) a fire occurred in 
 the oil mill of Mr. Henry Hodge, Holderness-road. The flames 
 were soon extinguished, and the damage did not exceed £160. 
 
 In honour of the marriage of the Princess Royal, on Monday, 25th 
 of January, 1858, the people of Hull testified their joy by keeping the 
 day as a close holiday, hanging out flags and banners at every turn, 
 
 * There were some unfortunate proceedings in connexion with this conflagration. 
 The Cornwallis ship of war was lying in the roads, and ahout ten o'clock a large body 
 of the men from that vessel arrived at the scene of the fire, under the command of 
 their Captain (Randolph) and other officers. Some misunderstanding between the 
 sailors and the police occurred through a struggle having taken place for possession 
 of the water hose, and a complete riot ensued, the crowd cheering the sailors, who 
 had previously exhibited some acts of daring and intrepidity. Each party was in a 
 very excited state, and the crowd swayed backwards and forwards very much^ At this 
 time a man was knocked down in the crowd, trampled upon, and suffocated. When 
 taken up he was alive, but he died soon after. A policeman, too, had to be carried 
 off insensible, and with his clothes torn to shreds. In the struggle between the 
 police and the sailors, blows were struck profusely, and finally the tars were victo- 
 rious — the mob having backed them. Here the affair ought to have ended, but Capt. 
 Randolph thought otherwise, for he preferred a complaint to the Mayor (who was 
 present at the fire, and exerted himself to the utmost) against the police ; the Magis- 
 trates investigated it, and as the efficiency, competency, and skill of tho police force 
 in the matter of extinguishing fires was at issue, it caused a considerable degree of 
 interest in the public mind. The Magistrates could not condemn the police on the 
 evidence adduced, and so the case was dismissed. The Watch Committee then held 
 an investigation into the business, and they ended by passing a resolution, the salient 
 point of which was " that the police, under the able management of the Chief Con- 
 stable (Mr. Mac Manus) would have been able to extinguish the fire, and they are of 
 opinion that any altercation which took place, arose from the great zeal and desire on 
 the part of the men of H.M.S. Cornwallis to render assistance to extinguish the fire." 
 The Captain expressed himself satisfied with this, but his report of the fracas to the 
 Admiralty, led to another enquiry, by order of the Secretary of State. This special 
 enquiry was opened before the Mayor, and, after several adjournments, the whole 
 thing showed that there had been " Much ado about Nothing."
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. Hi 7 
 
 and filling the air with the music of their church bells. The Mayor 
 (Thomas Thompson, Esq.), with true English liberality, gave £100. 
 to the clergy of the town, for distribution amongst the poor of their 
 respective congregations ; and he ordered 1,000 bags of coals to bo 
 distributed in the same manner. He also extended his liberality to 
 the inmates of the various hospitals of the town, to each of whom 
 two shillings was presented. The Corporation of the Trinity House, 
 and the Directors of the Dock Company also exercised their liberality. 
 The Town Council met and voted loyal addresses to the Queen and 
 the Prince Consort. 
 
 About three o'clock in the morning of the 16th of October, in 
 this year, an alarming fire broke out upon the premises of Mr. 
 Savage, grocer and tallow chandler, Queen-street. The flames shot 
 up high above the adjacent buildings, and lit up the surrounding 
 neighbourhood very vividly. At one time the fire threatened to be 
 very disastrous in its consequences, but by the judicious manage- 
 ment of the hose by the police, all danger was soon at an end. 
 
 A great Reform Meeting was held at the Town Hall on December 
 27th, 1858. James Clay, Esq., M.P., and Harvey Lewis, Esq. 
 (afterwards a candidate for the representation! of Hull) attended it, 
 and a remarkable fact in connexion with the meeting is, that the 
 requisition calling on the Mayor to convene it, was signed by up- 
 wards of 1,100 persons. The Mayor (Martin Samuelson, Esq.) 
 took the chair. 
 
 On the night of the 22nd of January, 1859, the splendid screw 
 steamer "Czar," of Hull, laden with Government stores for Malta, 
 was wrecked in a heavy gale on the Vogue rocks, near the Lizard, 
 and thirteen persons perished, including the master (Captain Jack- 
 son), his wife and child, and a passenger. This beautiful but ill 
 fated vessel was built here but a few months previous by Messrs. 
 Samuelson and Co., and as she was the largest ship that had been 
 constructed at this port, and was fitted up in a splendid manner, she 
 had attracted considerable attention. At the time of the unfortu- 
 nate accident the vessel was chartered by the Government for the 
 transport service. Messrs. Spencer and Gardham, of Hull, lost a 
 schooner on the Welsh coast about the same time. 
 
 At a gala at the Zoological Gardens on the 18th of July (1859)
 
 198 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Mr. Henry Coxwell made bis 189th ascent in his monstre balloon 
 " The Queen ." The celebrated aeronaut was accompanied in his 
 aerial journey by Mr. R. R. Melbourne, one of the managers of 
 the Queen's Theatre, Hull. The weather was extremely hazy, and 
 after a very few minutes the balloon was lost to view. A landing 
 was safely effected in a grass field at Swanland. The balloon mea- 
 sured 40 feet in diameter, and its height from the car to the top was 
 60 feet. When inflated it contained 35,000 cubic feet of gas. 
 
 The Yorkshire Agricultural Society, which held its first annual 
 exhibition at York in 1831, and its fourth at Hull in 1841 (See 
 page 171), met again at Hull in 1859. The show ground was be- 
 hind Coltman-street, having an entrance from the Anlaby-road. 
 The private trial of implements took place at Hessle, on Monday, 
 August 1st ; the public trial on Tuesday, and the exhibition in the 
 show yard closed on Thursday evening. The attendance was very 
 large. The public dinner took place on the Wednesday, in a large 
 marquee, erected in the yard of the Railway Station. The chair 
 was taken by the Right Hon. Lord Herries, the president of the 
 society. About three hundred persons attended the dinner. 
 
 A grand gala and another balloon ascent took place at the Zoo- 
 logical Gardens, on the last day of the Agricultural Show. Mr. 
 Coxwell was again the aeronaut, and was again accompanied by Mr. 
 Melbourne and two other gentlemen. On ascending, the balloon 
 took a south-westerly course, passing over Hedon and Preston, and 
 the landing was safely effected in the park of Burton Constable. 
 The aerial party were congratulated and very hospitably entertained 
 by the noble owner of the princely mansion, who also ordered his 
 men to pack up the balloon, and sent it to Hull in a car, and placed 
 his carriage at the disposal of his unexpected visitors, which con- 
 veyed them to Hull. 
 
 A most disastrous fire took place about two o'clock on the morn- 
 ing of the 27th of March, 1860, which destroyed a warehouse newly 
 erected by Messrs. Soulby and Dobson, wine merchants, North 
 Church-side. The warehouse was four stories in height, and con- 
 tained a valuable stock of wines, &c, a large portion of which was 
 saved. Enormous volumes of water were poured by the police upon 
 the burning mass, and so great was the heat engendered by the
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IXULL. 199 
 
 boiling wines and spirits, that the water which flowed from the 
 premises into the street was quite hot and smoked. The fire was 
 got under about seven o'clock. The origin of the fire was unknown. 
 The stock and premises were insured. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Wilde, a most ardent reformer, and a member of the 
 Town Council died in September, 18G0, aged G3 years. Mr. Wilde 
 was born in the West Biding, and settled in Hull in 1825. For 
 nearly half a century his name was intimately associated with the 
 cause of radical reform, and he acquired a considerable notoriety in 
 consequence of the share which he was supposed to have in man- 
 aging some of the delicate details of the parliamentary elections of 
 the borough. He was a man of great simplicity of manners, and was 
 an immense favourite with the working classes. A handsome monu- 
 ment was erected over his grave in the Hull Cemetery, by some of his 
 friends. The inscription states that he achieved and well deserved 
 the honourable position he attained, by a life of remarkable energy, 
 honesty, and ability. By his friends Mr. Wilde was playfully and 
 affectionately called " Serjeant Wilde." 
 
 On the 4th of October, same year, the " Arctic " steamer, of Hull, 
 was totally wrecked near Lemvig, on the coast of Jutland. Six 
 lives were lost. This fine vessel was built in 1859, by the Messrs. 
 Earle, of Hull, for Messrs. T. Wilson and Sons.. She was 674 tons 
 burthen, and traded between Hull, Grimsby, and St. Petersburg. 
 
 One of the merchant princes of Hull, Joseph Gee, Esq., principal 
 of the great shipping firm of Gee and Co., died at Lowestoft, on the 
 5th of October (1860), aged 58 years. Mr. Gee was a kind, benevo- 
 lent, and charitable man. 
 
 During the last days of the year 1860, and the first fortnight or 
 thereabouts of the following year, the amount of ice in the Humber 
 was almost unprecedented ; and, as a consequence, the navigation of 
 the river was rendered very difficult, and the Gainsborough and 
 York packets were prevented from plying for about three weeks. 
 
 A very serious accident happened here on the 2nd of March, 1861. 
 A warehouse in Chapel-lane staith, close to the wharf, and four 
 stories high, fell in. The warehouse contained about 300 quarters 
 of wheat and a large quantity of flax. The weight of the bricks and
 
 200 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 the debris of the building broke the wharf in, and precipitated the 
 whole of the matter into the harbour and on board a keel, which 
 sustained thereby considerable damage. It is somewhat singular 
 that though the warehouse and wharf became a pile of ruins, their 
 falling did not cause a loud report, the foreman of the place, who 
 was in an adjoining yard, not even hearing it. The building came 
 down with great impetuosity. The wheat, which was in the upper 
 story, was precipitated over the ruins underneath where the flax 
 was laid, and mixed itself with it, and ran over on to the mud on 
 the Harbour-side. The staith was entirely blocked up. A little 
 boy, who had been buried beneath the ruins, was, after much diffi- 
 culty, dug out safe, being found in a standing position, and almost 
 without a bruise. How he was rescued without injury is miracu- 
 lous, considering the weight of matter (nearly twenty tons it was 
 supposed) that covered him. The cause of the little fellow's escape 
 was assigned to a large piece of the wall of the warehouse falling on 
 an incline against the opposite wall of the staith where he was 
 walking, thus supporting the weight of the debris that must have 
 inevitably crushed him. Had the accident occurred ten minutes 
 sooner the loss of life would have been great, as the workmen had 
 just left the warehouse for dinner. 
 
 On the night of March 25th, same year, a most destructive fire 
 occurred in the old shipbuilding yard of Messrs. C. and W. Earle, 
 whereby property and machinery, &c, to the value of £6,000., were 
 totally destroyed. The same evening Messrs. Earle safely launched 
 a new steamer, which was a most fortunate circumstance, for the 
 close contiguity of the burning mass to the ship would otherwise 
 render it almost an impossibility to prevent the flames extending 
 thither. So great was the fire that the sky was completely illu- 
 minated, and plainly discernible several miles distant. 
 
 On Sunday, May 19th, 1861, a boy aged about four years, acci- 
 dentally fell off the Corporation Pier into the Ferry-boat Dock, near 
 the entrance. The tide was running very strongly at the time, and 
 the lad would very soon have been washed away, had not Mr. J. M. 
 Stark, bookseller, Whitefriar-gate, pulled off his coat and hat, jumped 
 into the water, and succeeded in saving him. There was a great
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 201 
 
 number of people on the pier, who vociferously cheered Mr. Stark '3 
 heroic and noble conduct. 
 
 An extensive conflagration took place about midnight on the 3rd 
 of tbe following month, whereby damage to the extent of about 
 £2,000. was sustained. The scene of this fire was the oil, paint, 
 &c., works of Messrs. Blundell, Spence, and Co., Beverley- road, and 
 for upwards of an hour it raged fearfully ; the flames extending to 
 the full height of the mill, casting a lurid glare all around. At one 
 time it was feared that the whole of the extensive premises would 
 become a prey to the devouring element ; but fortunately, by dint of 
 extraordinary exertions on the part of a large number of willing 
 labourers, the fire was kept confined almost to the place where it 
 originated. 
 
 His Koyal Highness Prince Albert, Consort of the Queen, died 
 this year on the 14th of December ; and the whole nation mourned. 
 The following advertisement was immediately published in Hull : — 
 
 "The Mayor deeply condoles with his fellow subjects, the inhabitants of this Bo- 
 rough, on the Death of His Royal Highness, The Prince Consort, and suggests to 
 them the propriety of evincing their sympathy with our most gracions Sovereign the 
 Queen upon her bereavement, and their respect for the memory of the deceased Prince, 
 by such signs of Public Mourning as they may deem fit until the day of the interment, 
 and on that day the Mayor relies on the inhabitants closing their places of business 
 during the time of the interment." 
 
 The Town Council assembled, and passed appropriate resolutions 
 of grief and regret, and an address of condolence to the Queen. 
 On the day of the funeral of the deceased Prince (Monday, December 
 23rd) business was entirely suspended during the early part of the 
 day ; the bells of the churches rang muffled peals ; all the vessels 
 in port had their flags hoisted half-mast high ; the public were 
 mostly attired in mourning ; minute guns were fired at the Garri- 
 son by a detachment of the Hull Volunteer Artillery ; and a pro- 
 cession, which was formed at the Mansion House, and consisted of 
 the Corporation of the town, the magistrates, clergy, public com- 
 panies, public officers, rifle corps, &c, moved slowly and solemnly 
 to the parish church, where a special service was performed. 
 
 During the latter months of the year 1861 several large ships 
 and steamers belonging to the port of Hull were lost at sea. 
 
 On the Gth of November, 1801, a substantial testimonial was 
 
 2 D
 
 203 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 presented to Mr. John Ellerthorpe, whose deeds of daring, in res- 
 cuing from time to time no less than thirty individuals from death 
 by drowning, has won for him the title of the " Hero of the Humber." 
 Each of the persons that Ellerthorpe has saved from a watery grave 
 (his own father, in 1820, being the first) was rescued by himself 
 single-handed, by instantly plunging into the water ; and this has 
 not been effected without great danger. No, this extraordinary 
 man has had several " hair breadth 'scapes." On one occasion he 
 jumped overboard after a shipmate named Hemsworth, who fell into 
 the Thames from the bow of the brig "Jubilee;" he seized the 
 drowning man, and was carried with him under two tier of ships, 
 by the strong ebb tide running down the river. Another case of 
 danger and intrepidity was that of a man named Williams, saved 
 in the harbour of Quebec, who had round his neck, when he fell 
 overboard, the chains used to fasten the timber into the raft ; but in 
 spite of the man's heavy load, Ellerthorpe succeeded in bringing 
 him from under the raft. In the same harbour he brought up, 
 from a depth of 25 feet, a brother seaman named Kent, who had 
 leaped overboard in a state of intoxication. Upon another occasion 
 our "hero " was taken out of the paddle-wheel of a steam-boat in a 
 state of insensibility ; and many other instances of great danger 
 might be adduced. It is gratifying to record the fact that this brave 
 and remarkable man's noble deeds have not passed unrecognised. 
 After saving a sailor-boy from drowning in an extraordinary manner 
 in 1835, the Royal Humane Society awarded him their silver medal 
 and a certificate on vellum ; and the people of Hull marked their 
 admiration of his bravery and humanity. A committee of philan- 
 thropic gentlemen obtained subscriptions amounting to £197. 10s., 
 including £20. from Lord Palmerston (the Prime Minister), out of 
 the Royal Bounty ; and at a public meeting held in the Music Hall, 
 Jarratt-street, Mr. John Symons, president of the committee, in 
 the chair, Mr. Henry Taylor, treasurer of the committee, presented 
 Ellerthorpe with a purse containing one hundred guineas, and a 
 beautiful gold watch and guard. The purse, which is of the reticule 
 shape (made by Mrs. Henry Taylor), is of white satin with gold tas- 
 sels, &c, and bears a suitable printed inscription. At the same meet- 
 ing, the Royal Humane Society (through Mr. Alderman Fountain)
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-TJI'ON-IIULL. 203 
 
 presented him with a special vote of thanks, on vellum ; and Mr. 
 Dale Brown was commissioned to hand him a fine silver medal, 
 from the Board of Trade, inscribed " Board of Trade Medal for 
 gallantry in saving Life at Sea, awarded to John Ellerthorpe." 
 About the same time the Boyal Humane Society was unsuccessfully 
 memorialised by the Mayor, several members of the Corporation, the 
 Trinity House, and the Dock Company, as well as by a number of 
 the clergy, gentry, shipowners, merchants, &c, with the view of 
 obtaining for him the gold medal of that society.* 
 
 Mr. John Middleton, merchant, died on the 4th of January, 1863. 
 For several years this gentlemen, as we read in the local journals, 
 was one of the foremost of the young race of public men here. Ho 
 was gifted with great natural ability, and on entering upon public 
 life gave evidence of the possession of talent which warranted his 
 friends in anticipating for him a long career of public usefulness. 
 He was for many years a Guardian and then Governor of the Poor ; 
 and also for some years an active member of the Town Council.f 
 
 On the night of the 22nd of this month a fire, which at one time 
 
 * John Ellerthorpe was born at Rawcliffe, near Snaitli, and at an early age removed 
 with bis parents to Hessle, where his father was, for above forty years, the ferry-man 
 between that place and Barton. The greater part of the life of this " saver of many 
 lives " has been spent upon the great waters, and he has always been known as a 
 great swimmer and fearless diver. During several years he was a seaman on board 
 the Hull and New Holland steamer; and for the last twenty years he has been in the 
 service of the Hull Dock Company. He is now foreman at the Humber Dock gates. 
 Some particulars of Ellerthorpe's prowess may be read in the quarterly maritime ma- 
 gazine, " The Shipwrecked Mariner," for October, 1862; which contains an excellent 
 portrait of him. Irrespective of the thirty signal deeds of gallantry alluded to in the 
 text, it appears that Ellerthorpe has, at various times, been instrumental in rescuing 
 many other persons from wrecks along our coast, and also in saving property from 
 sunken vessels. 
 
 + On the 30th of August, 1859, at the Cross Keys Hotel, a testimonial was pre- 
 sented to Mr. Middleton, by a number of gentlemen who had considered that his 
 great local services were deserving of some recognition. It consisted of a handsome 
 tea and coffee service of silver (supplied by Mr. J. Symons, Queen-street), of the pat- 
 tern called " The Union " — from the fact of each article being chased with the rose' 
 the shamrock, and the thistle. The teapot is inscribed — " Presented to John Mid- 
 dleton, Esq., by his friends, as an expression of their esteem for his able and zealous 
 services as Councillor for the Market-place Ward. Hull, 1809." On the reverse of 
 the teapot are Mr. Middleton's initials engraved on a shield. The service was ac- 
 companied by a dozen silver spoons, supplied by the Messrs. Larard, silversmiths. 
 The presentation took place at a supper, at which Mr. Alderman Bannister presided.
 
 204 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 threatened to be of an alarming character, took place in the house 
 and shop in Chariot-street then occupied by Miss Jarratt, milliner. 
 Tbe inmates were asleep when the fire broke out, and Miss Jarratt 
 and another female were obliged to take refuge on the roof of the 
 house, attired only in their night-dresses, and were assisted from 
 their perilous position by means of a ladder. Mr. Jarratt was rescued 
 from the burning house, in an insensible state, having been almost 
 suffocated by the smoke. A fire broke out in Gregg's Hospital, 
 Postern-gate, about three o'clock in the morning of March 15th, 
 same year. It originated in the room of an inmate named Mar- 
 garet Clark, aged 70, who was burnt to death. The flames were 
 quickly extinguished. 
 
 An accident of a frightful character occurred on the 4th of the 
 following month at Messrs. Barron and Co's. steam saw mills. A 
 large cylindrical boiler exploded with a terrific crash, scattering 
 fragments of buildings, tiles, pieces of machinery, &c, in every direc- 
 tion. A boy named Milner was killed, and several other persons were 
 more or less injured. Some of the houses in Jenning-street, a dis- 
 tance of 300 yards from the scene of the accident, were injured ; and 
 roofs of houses, across tbe river, in Scott-street, were broken by the 
 falling missiles. Some idea of the force of the explosion may be 
 imagined from the fact, that the large boiler almost twenty feet in 
 length, and weighing several tons, was made to turn a complete 
 somersault. One large piece, weighing over a ton, was wrenched 
 from the boiler and blown over a shed into an adjoining coal-yard, 
 a distance of about thirty yards. 
 
 Dr. Fewster Robert Horner, of Hull, a gentlemen who occupied, 
 for many years, a distinguished place among the most celebrated 
 members of the medical profession in this part of the country, died 
 on the Gth of June, this year, in the 59th year of his age. A few 
 years before his death Dr. Horner became a convert to the homeo- 
 pathical system of treating diseases, and thus dissevered himself 
 from the majority of his professional brethren in Hull. 
 
 The Corporation voted an address of congratulation to her Ma- 
 jesty the Queen, in July, 1862, upon the marriage of the Princess 
 Alice with the Prince Louis of Hesse. 
 
 In the following month the roadstead of Hull was enlivened by a
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 205 
 
 friendly visit from the beautiful steamer "Le Corse," belonging to 
 the French navy. During his short stay, the commander, accom- 
 panied by the French vice-consul at this port, visited the Trinity 
 House, the Museum, and other places of interest in the town ; and 
 also the Minsters of York and Beverley. 
 
 During the latter part of this year several disastrous fires occurred 
 at Hull. Whilst a thunderstorm was passing over the town on the 
 7th of August, a flash of lightning entered a room on the premises 
 of Messrs. Good and Son, ship-chandlers. High-street, and damaged 
 a quantity of stores. It also set fire to a number of life belts, and 
 presently everything in the room was in a blaze. Fortunately as- 
 sistance was at hand, and in about half an hour all danger had 
 passed. The effects of the lightning were confined to the room 
 mentioned. 
 
 A serious conflagration took place in Queen-street on the evening 
 of the 10th of the same month, on the premises of Mr. Beet, raff 
 merchant. The fire spread with great rapidity, and the illumina- 
 tion which it caused in the sky could be seen miles away. Being 
 Saturday night many thousands of persons congregated and blocked 
 up the streets in the neighbourhood of the fire, and the greatest 
 excitement prevailed. In this instance the exertions of the police 
 were most ably and heartily seconded by a number of the men of 
 H. M. ship Cornwallis. One of the stout-hearted sailors, at the 
 risk of his own life, rushed through the flames and succeeded in 
 rescuing a boy, nine years old, who was in bed in one of the back 
 rooms of a house in front of the burning mass, and in the excite- 
 ment of the moment had, for some time, been forgotten by his 
 friends. The building in which the fire originated was destroyed, 
 but the adjoining property was saved. 
 
 Another very alarming fire, which for destruction of property and 
 loss of life has not often been equalled in Hull, broke out about 
 seven o'clock on the evening of Sunday, the 19th of October, in a 
 warehouse on the premises of Messrs. John Lee Smith, Son, and Co., 
 wholesale grocers, &c, 71, High-street. The warehouse, which abuts 
 on the harbour, was four stories in height, with a cellar, and was 
 well stored with grocery goods, flax, and clover-seed. The greatest 
 excitement prevailed, and the avenues leading to the High-street
 
 206 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 were crowded with people. From the Citadel side of the river the 
 conflagration could be viewed in all its awful grandeur, and all along 
 the quay multitudes of spectators maintained their position for hours, 
 notwithstanding a fierce cold wind which blew in strong gusts, and 
 torrents of raiu which poured down at the time. The fire roared 
 like a furnace within the building, and emitted millions of sparks, 
 and huge tongues of fire which rose higher than the adjacent roofs. 
 For hours the immense volumes of water which the police threw 
 into the burning mass seemed only to increase its intensity. It 
 soon became evident that there was but little chance of saving the 
 warehouse from total destruction, and much of the attention of the 
 firemen was directed to preventing the flames spreading to the ad- 
 joining buildings. In this they were successful, though the ware- 
 house belonging to the Messrs. Middleton had a narrow escape. 
 The fire began to expend its fury about about three o'clock on Mon- 
 day morning. The damage was estimated at about £15,000. The 
 origin of the fire was not ascertained. 
 
 During the progress of the fire a most lamentable accident oc- 
 curred, which resulted in the immediate death of a policeman named 
 Eedfern, and the severe injury of several other persons — one of whom, 
 Parkin, Messrs. Smith's foreman — died a fortnight later in the in- 
 firmary. These unfortunate individuals suffered from the fall of a 
 wall in a narrow passage from High-street to the burning warehouse. 
 Some of them could not be extricated from the debris for several 
 hours. 
 
 In less than three weeks later, between two and three o'clock on 
 the morning of the Gth of October, the town was again startled with 
 the cry of " fire." A large warehouse at the south end of Lime- 
 street, and extending from that street to the river Hull, was, this 
 time, the scene of the conflagration. This warehouse belonged to 
 Messrs. Thornton, of London, and was occupied by Messrs. J. S. 
 Thompson and Co. The stock consisted of grain, artificial guano, 
 &c, and also a quantity of flax which was saved from the last men- 
 tioned fire in the High-street. The flax was brought to this ware- 
 house for the purpose of being dried in the drying kiln, which formed 
 part of it, and it is to this circumstance the fire is attributable. A 
 portion had been dried and placed ready for removal. One of the
 
 IIISTOKY OF KINGSTON-UrON-IIULL. 207 
 
 labourers had been deputed to remove it from the kiln as it was 
 ready, and during the removal of a bale of the dried flax it acci- 
 dently came in contact with one of the gas branches, and was in- 
 stantly in a blaze. The man in terror threw the burning bale into 
 the midst of that which had been dried, and hastened to call his 
 fellow workmen. They were appalled at the disaster, and before 
 they could resolve on any course of action the flames had communi- 
 cated with the woodwork of tbe building. The men then fled for 
 assistance, and the building was soon in flames. The street being 
 narrow, the roof of the Sugar House opposite the burning ware- 
 house took hold, but by great exertions this dilapidated old pile was 
 saved. From the top of the Sugar House a fearful scene presented 
 itself. The flames shot up from the interior of the doomed ware- 
 house to a great height, which gave to it the appearance of a volcano, 
 and the lurid glare could be seen far away. Every object was 
 plainly discernible, although the morning was dark and foggy. 
 Indeed, so light was it that it is said one old man, a coal-dealer, 
 suddenly awoke, and thinking he had overslept himself, got up, 
 fed his horse, and proceeded to attend to other matters, not finding 
 out for some time that he had been deceived by the illumination of 
 a fire. The warehouse continued to burn until everything inflam- 
 mable had been destroyed, and at seven o'clock all danger was 
 passed. The total damage here too was estimated at about £15,000. 
 
 December 13th, about one in the morning, the premises of Mr. 
 Kingsley, brass-founder, Machell-street, were discovered on fire. 
 The building in which the fire originated was completely destroyed, 
 as well as the stock, &c. Damages about £1,000. 
 
 Owing to the civil war in America, and the great scarcity of cot- 
 ton consequent thereon, the cotton operatives of Hull, in common 
 with those of Lancashire, &c, experienced, and continue to expe- 
 rience great distress. A public meeting of the inhabitants, con- 
 vened by his worship the Mayor (W. H. Moss, Esq.) was held on 
 the 19th of November (1862), to express sympathy with the dis- 
 tressed operative classes in this borough, and to resolve measures 
 for their relief. The meeting resolved that a general subscription 
 for the destitute poor be entered into, and in a few minutes the sum 
 of £1,000. was subscribed on the spot. This sum was subsequently
 
 208 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 increased by the subscriptions of the townspeople and others who 
 were not present at the meeting, by collections in places of worship, 
 the proceeds of concerts, &c, to about £4,800. The money was 
 not confined, in its distribution, to the cotton operatives. 
 
 Died on the 13th of December (1862), at the baronial seat of 
 Burton Constable, in the neighbourhood of Hull, Lady Clifford 
 Constable, wife of Sir T. A. Clifford Constable, Bart. The de- 
 ceased lady, who was a personification of goodness, took a great in- 
 terest in much that concerned the welfare of Hull. Her ladyship's 
 most imposing funeral, on the 22nd of December, will live long in 
 the minds of those who witnessed it. The procession consisted 
 (besides the hearse) of seven mourning coaches and four, about 
 ninety other carriages and vehicles, about seventy of Sir Clifford's 
 tenantry on horseback, and a number of other persons. It reached 
 a distance of a mile and a half. The hearse was a magnificent open 
 Gothic one, rich in carving, plumes, and trappings ; and on the 
 door was a shield with the Constable and Chichester arms, the 
 latter being the family name of the deceased lady. The hearse and 
 mourning coaches were from the establishment of Mr. G. Smithson, 
 of the Laud-of-Green-ginger ; and the scarfs, hat-bands, gloves, &c, 
 were supplied by Messrs. T. and D. Kidd, of Whitefriar-gate. The 
 Constable family's mausoleum is at Halsham, in Holderness. 
 
 The tides on the evenings of the 21st and 22nd of January, in 
 the present year (1863), in consequence of the high winds which 
 had previously prevailed, attained a very unusual height, and in 
 some places the water flooded the streets. The depth of water at 
 the Humber Dock lock-pit was 28 feet 9 inches, or only about two 
 feet from the top of the quay. The tides had not risen to such a 
 height for the previous twelve or fourteen years. 
 
 In the beginning of February a fire occurred on the premises of 
 Mr. Skeafte, ship-chandler, Humber Dock-walls, when property to 
 the amount of about £700. was destroyed ; on the night of the 9th 
 of March, the house No. 9, Albion-street, was partly destroyed by 
 fire ; and on the evening of the 16th of the same month, a fire 
 broke out in the business premises of Messrs. Ayre and Howard, 
 starch and cattle-food manufacturers, Reform-street ; but by prompt 
 measures it was confined to the part of the works where it originated.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 209 
 
 Tuesday, the 10th of March, 1803, was a national holiday in 
 celehration of a great and important national event, viz : — the mar- 
 riage of His Royal Highness Albert Edward Prince of Wales, and 
 heir to the English throne, to the Princess Alexandra, niece to 
 Frederick VIL, King of Denmark. This auspicious event was 
 celebrated throughout the united kingdom with a truly laudable and 
 loyal spirit; and it was gratifying to notice that on the joyful occa- 
 sion political feeling and enmity was sunk into oblivion, and strong 
 opponents joined hand in hand, so that if any rivalry existed, it was 
 the endeavour to excel each other in displaying their loyalty to their 
 gracious Sovereign and the illustrious Prince and Princess, who, in 
 the natural order of events, are destined to become King and Queen 
 of this mighty empire. The nation never before displayed such 
 exuberant loyalty, and never more heartily rejoiced, than it did at 
 this royal bridal. The mode of celebration varied in various places, 
 but one and the same feeling prevailed throughout the country. 
 
 On the Saturday before the marriage-day, the royal Danish 
 lady received such a public welcome in the metropolis, as in the 
 world's history was never accorded to Princess before ; and the good 
 people of Hull did not allow that day to pass without testifying their 
 loyalty by a slight demonstration. Many flags and banners sus- 
 pended in the principal streets gave a foretaste of the " doings " in 
 store for the marriage day ; the bells of the churches rang out merry 
 peals, which contributed to heighten the pleasure and enjoyment of 
 the occasion ; and a royal salute was fired from the ramparts of the 
 Citadel by the Volunteer Artillery Corps. The Mayor ordered the 
 royal nuptial day (the usual market-day) to be observed as a general 
 holiday; and the market to be held on the preceding day, Monday. 
 
 Tuesday morning opened most gloomily, and the day was a mis- 
 erably wet and dirty one in Hull, though in London, and at Windsor 
 (where the royal marriage took place) the weather was auspicious. 
 The festive proceedings commenced in Hull with a sumptuous break- 
 fast at Glover's Hotel, given by the Mayor (W. H. Moss, Esq ) to 
 the members of the Corporation and several other gentlemen. 
 
 A special choral service was performed at Holy Trinity Church, 
 at eleven o'clock, which was attended by the Corporations of the 
 town, the public bodies (civil and military), the foreign consuls, &c. 
 
 2 E
 
 §10 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 — all in official costume. The grand old church was filled to re- 
 pletion, and the general aspect was most imposing. A large body 
 of the clergy assisted, in surplices, and an excellent and most ap- 
 propriate discourse from the pulpit was delivered by the Eev. P. 
 Henning Parr, M.A., Incumbent of St. Martin's-on-the-Hill, Scar- 
 borough.* At the conclusion of the sermon, the public bodies pro- 
 ceeded to the Market-place, where a grand procession was formed. 
 The rain poured fast, but this did not hinder tens of thousands from 
 assembling here and along the line of route the procession was to 
 take, to witness the proceedings. The processiou embraced the 
 Corporations of the town and the Trinity House, with their prin- 
 cipal officers, the magistrates, clergy, officers of customs and inland 
 revenue, pensioners, officers, marines and sailors of H. M. S. Corn- 
 wallis, the Artillery and Parle Volunteers, the freemasons and the 
 friendly societies in the insignia of their orders, with bands of music, 
 regalia, banners, &c. Nearly all walked three abreast. The pro- 
 cession trudged along joyously, though the roads were ankle deep in 
 mud and water. At the Citadel a company of the Artillery fired a 
 salute of seven guns, and the pensioners a, feu de joie — Lieut.-Col. 
 Pease performing the duties of Brigadier. The firing and cheering 
 over, the line presented arms, and went through a few evolutions, 
 and the battalions were then marched to their respective barracks. 
 The other parties who took part in the procession, as well as the 
 multitude, quickly dispersed. Had the weather been propitious, 
 the aspect of the town would have been brilliant. Multitudes of 
 banners were displayed in every direction, and the shipping in the 
 docks were decked out in hundreds of flying colours. With a few 
 isolated exceptions the whole population wore wedding-favours of 
 white Coventry ribbon. 
 
 * The only other special service at a place of worship, on the morning of the mar- 
 riage, was at the Catholic Church, Jarratt-street. The 1,200 children attending the 
 Catholic Schools, in connexion with this congregation, decorated with medals and 
 while rosettes, and carrying a number of small flags, &c, were conducted in procession 
 to the Church, where a " missa cantata " was celebrated. As the long line of children 
 entered the building, the national anthem was sung with great spirit, one of the priests, 
 (Rev. John Motler) acting as conductor. In the course of the service the Eector of 
 the Church (Rev. Mr. Trappes) made some appropriate observations on the event they 
 had assembled to commemorate, and the reverend gentleman strongly impressed upon 
 his huaiei'.s the duty of praying fervently for the welfare of the royal couple.
 
 HISTORY OF KINdSTON-UrON-HUIX. 211 
 
 During the afternoon and evening several sumptuous and sub- 
 stantial dinners and entertainments took place in honour of the 
 marriage. His Worship the Mayor presided at a grand banquet at 
 the Royal Station Hotel, which was attended by nearly 200 gentle- 
 men. About twenty gentlemen dined together at the Club House, 
 in Charlotte-street. The clergy, churchwardens, and synodsmen of 
 Holy Trinity Church, together with a number of Town Councillors 
 and others, enjoyed a rich feast at Glover's Hotel, presided over by 
 Mr. Sheriff Jackson. And there was a grand ball at night in the 
 Public Rooms, which was attended by the elite of the town and 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 After taking part in the proceedings of the day, above 300 mem- 
 bers of the Volunteer Artillery Corps were provided with an excel- 
 lent dinner by their officers. Lieut-Col. Dobson presided. About 
 220 of the Rifle Volunteers were similarly treated by their officers, 
 on their return from the Citadel. Lieut-Col. Pease occupied the 
 chair. The latter corps held a ball in their drill-room in the evening. 
 The freemasons, odd-fellows, &c, too had sumptuous repasts. 
 
 The Younger Brethren of the Trinity House, with the executive 
 and officials, numbering about eighty altogether, had an excellent 
 dinner served up to them in the large hall of the Trinity House ; 
 and the out-pensioners received 4s. and 5s. each. About 200 of the 
 employes and labourers of the Hull Dock Company were, by the 
 liberality of the Directors, treated to a dinner. The employes of 
 the Corporation had a dinner provided for them by order of the 
 Property Committee ; and about 120 workmen employed at the 
 Waterworks, Spring Head, were regaled with a hearty dinner. 
 
 Nor were the poor forgotten on this festive occasion. To about 
 5,000 poor families, tea, sugar, and currant loaf were distributed, so 
 that they might enjoy themselves at their several homes. About 
 1,000 unemployed seamen, widows of deceased seamen, firemen, and 
 shipwrights of the port, received four pounds of beef and a seven 
 pounds loaf, the bountiful gift of Joseph Somes, Esq., M.P. for the 
 borough. The inmates of the two Workhouses were likewise treated 
 to a good dinner, &c. 
 
 Not the least pleasant feature in the programme of the day, was 
 the distribution of memento medals of the joyous occasion, and
 
 212 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 copies of a special version of the national anthem to upwards of 
 17,600 children attending the poor schools in the town. The dis- 
 tribution took place simultaneously at all the schools, and at several 
 of them the children received other small tokens of the marriage, 
 in addition to the medals and anthems — such as currant buns, nuts, 
 oranges, plum-cake, testaments, and other books. The boys of the 
 Marine School of Trinity House received each a shilling ; the chil- 
 dren of the Catholic Schools a large bun and threepence each ; the 
 girls of Cogan's School were provided with tea ; and Fish Street 
 Chapel children received small sums of money. The children of 
 St. John's School had books, with suitable inscriptions, presented 
 to them, and the aged poor of St. John's congregation had tea and 
 sugar and bread given to them. Currant buns were also given to a 
 number of the poor Catholics worshipping in Jarratt-street. 
 
 Notwithstanding the uncomfortable state of the weather, an im- 
 mense number of spectators assembled in the evening in the Cor- 
 poration Field, to witness there a brilliant display of fireworks. 
 
 Many of the tradespeople of the town, and some others, illumi- 
 nated their establishments at night, but none of the public buildings 
 exhibited any display of this kind. The most general form which 
 the display assumed was that of illuminated transparencies, exhi- 
 biting portraits of the royal pair, and Prince of Wales' plumes, with 
 appropriate mottoes. The principal streets where the illuminations 
 occurred were thronged during the night by a vast concourse of 
 people. One of the most remarkable features in the display was 
 the lighting up of the fine stained glass window in the east end of 
 the Holy Trinity Church. The window looked magnificent, being 
 plainly seen from the outside. The residence of the Danish consul 
 (C. Good, Esq.) was beautifully lighted up with gas ; as was also 
 Brunswick House, the residence of Henry Blundell, Esq., and a few 
 other private houses. 
 
 The police regulations were admirable, and not the slightest ac- 
 cident was reported. On the day after the marriage, the Mayor 
 publicly complimented and heartily thanked Mr. Mac Manus, and 
 the police force under his command, for the able manner in which 
 they had performed the very onerous duties which devolved upon 
 them ; and on the next day the force was treated to a dinner in
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIUIX. 213 
 
 honour of the royal nuptials. On this occasion, in the presence of 
 some of the Aldermen, Town Councillors, and others, the Chief 
 Constable told his men that not only the Watch Committee and the 
 authorities of the town, but the inhabitants in general had highly 
 appreciated the manner in which they had discharged their duties 
 during the two or three days of festivity in connexion with the royal 
 marriage ; and he also informed them that the banquet which they 
 were about to enjoy had been provided for them by the Corporation, 
 so that they, too, might have a share in the rejoicings. 
 
 After the men had dined the Mayor entered the room, accom- 
 panied by the Town Clerk, the Chairman of the Watch Committee, 
 the Chief Constable, and other gentlemen. The Chief Constable 
 then proposed the usual loyal toasts, and afterwards the health of 
 the Mayor and Mayoress. The Mayor, in response, thanked the 
 force for the manner in which they had received the toast, and said 
 it was a source of great gratification to him, as the head of the Hull 
 Corporation, to have to acknowledge the services of the police of the 
 borough. In no town in England could a man retire to rest with 
 greater assurance that his property was perfectly secure than in this. 
 The police arrangements, so far as he had been able to witness 
 them, appeared to him perfect, and considering the vast crowds that 
 were assembled on the occasion of the festival, it was gratifying to 
 find the most perfect unanimity prevail between the force and all 
 parties with whom they came in contact. His worship concluded 
 by proposing in very complimentary terms the health of the Chief 
 Constable ; and in responding to the toast Mr. Mac Mauus told the 
 chief magistrate that he then saw before him a body of men as loyal 
 and courageous as any other body of her Majesty's subjects. The 
 encomiums (he said) which had been bestowed upon them, he trusted 
 would be a stimulus for them to discharge their duties in that effi- 
 cient manner which the inhabitants would always approve of. He 
 also stated that his men had performed their duties during the 
 past few pressing days, very satisfactorily, and that not one man 
 had been reported on the morning after the marriage day. This is 
 a high character indeed for a corps of police constables. 
 
 On the occasion of the royal nuptials, the Corporation of the 
 town voted the following addresses of congratulation to the Queen,
 
 214 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 
 
 and the Prince and Princess of Wales ; and the same were presented 
 by the Mayor, Recorder, and Town Clerk. 
 
 " To the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty. 
 " The HumMe and Congratulatory address of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses 
 of the borough of Kingston-upon-Hull, in Common Council assembled. 
 
 " Most Grachus and Beloved Sovereign, — 
 
 " We, your Majesty's most loyal and attached subjects, beg leave to tender to your 
 Majesty our most sincere congratulation on the occasion of the marriage of His Royal 
 Highness the Prince of Wales with her Royal Highness the Princess Alexandra of 
 Denmark. 
 
 " We hail with satisfaction this event, which has diffused not only in this ancient 
 Royal Borough, but throughout the kingdom, a unanimous expression of joy, and we 
 fervently hope that this new alliance may be productive not only of unalloyed felicity 
 to your Majesty, their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, and your 
 illustrious family, but in every respect conduce to the stability of your Majesty's throne 
 and dynasty, and the welfare of the people over whom your Majesty has so long and 
 happily reigned." 
 
 "Most Gracious Prince, — 
 
 " We, the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses of the Borough of Kingston-upon-Hull, 
 beg leave to offer to your Royal Highness our most hearty congratulations on your 
 recent marriage with Her Royal Highness the Princess Alexandra of Denmark. 
 
 " As loyal and loving subjects of your illustrious mother, Her Majesty the Queen, 
 and devotedly attached to her person and dynasty, it was a source of solicitude to us 
 and our fellow countrymen that the Heir apparent of the Crown of these Realms 
 should be united to a Consort worthy in every respect to share His high station and ' 
 dignity; and never could that earnest hope have been more fully gratified than it has 
 been in the result of your Royal Highness's selection of the Princess Alexandra of 
 Denmark as your Royal Bride, of whom, and of whose excellent qualifications (it is 
 now well known) too much cannot be uttered, to prove her fitness for the exalted po- 
 sition in which by your free and unfettered choice she has been placed. 
 
 " That your Royal Highuess may long find your Royal Bride an affectionate and 
 confiding partner of your home, a wise and judicious consort in your position as the 
 Heir apparent of the Queen and the probable future Head of our constitutional mo- 
 narchy, and an unfailing supporter and comforter in every difficulty or trial in which 
 it may please Providence to place you, is the humble and earnest prayer of Her Ma- 
 jesty's most devoted and attached subjects, the Mayor, Aldermen, &c." 
 
 "Most Gracious Princess, — 
 
 " We, the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses of the Borough of Kingston-upon-Hull, 
 be" leave to offer your Royal Highness our sincere congratulations in the event of 
 your recent marriage with His Royal Highness the Trince of Wales. 
 
 " It is indeed to us, in common with the rest of Her Majesty's subjects, a source of 
 gratification that you were pleased to become the bride of Him upon whom, as the 
 probable future Monarch of the British Empire, our hopes of welfare have been fixed, 
 and we humbly beg leave to express our honest conviction that amongst all the Royal 
 Protestant Houses of Europe, a happier and wiser selection could not have been made 
 than has been evinced by your Royal consort in the choice of yourself as his partner 
 in home and dignity. 
 
 " Given under the common seal of the Mayor, &c." 

 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 215 
 
 The Corporation of the Trinity Houso forwarded the following 
 address to Lord Hotham, M.P., one of the honorary brethren of that 
 body, for presentation to the Prince of Wales. 
 
 " To his Royal Highness Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, Duke of Saxe Coburg 
 Gotha, Duke of Cornwall, §c. 
 
 " May it please your Eoyal Highness, — We, the Corporation of the Guild or Brother- 
 hood of Masters and Pilots, Seamen of the Trinity House, in Kingston-upon-Hull, 
 humbly beg leave to tender to your Eoyal Highness our sincere and heartfelt congra- 
 tulations on your union in marriage with her Eoyal Highness the Princess Alexandra 
 of Denmark. We participate in the joy so universally felt and expressed on this happy 
 occasion, and we earnestly pray that the Almighty disposer of all human affairs may in 
 His mercy vouchsafe that it may bring to your Eoyal Highness not only uninterrupted 
 domestic bliss through a long and prosperous life, but may also aid in alleviating the 
 affliction of our most gracious and beloved Queen (an object that cannot but be dear 
 to your Eoyal Highness's heart), and be the means of conferring lasting blessings on 
 the nation at large. Given under our common seal, &c." 
 
 The town was again startled by the cry of fire very early on the 
 morning of Sunday, April 26th, 1863, when the wind-mill of Mr. 
 G. B. Newton, at Stepney, was gutted. The fire was happily con- 
 fined to the tower in which it originated. When the conflagration 
 was at its height, the flames shot out of the numerous windows of 
 the building, and the spectacle was grand but fearful. In a floor 
 about thirty feet from the basement were fixed four pair of large 
 stones used in grinding flour, and when these fell they brought 
 along with them about thirty tons of debris. The sails, five in 
 number, the beams of which were 2h feet square and 35 feet long, fell 
 with a tremendous crash. The shock of the fall was clearly felt in 
 the Sculcoates Union Workhouse. The origin of the fire is unknown. 
 The mill was used for the grinding of corn and the manufacture of 
 cattle food. The damage was roughly estimated at £1,000. 
 
 On the evening of the 25th of May, an interesting public meeting 
 was held in the Sailors' Institute, when the Mayor (W. H. Moss, 
 Esq.), on behalf of the Eoyal National Life-boat Institution, pre- 
 sented silver medals to Captain Henry Maddick, of the fishing smack 
 " Ruby," of Hull, and to his apprentice, William Thompson, for their 
 gallant conduct in rescuing the crew of six men of the schooner 
 "Ganymede," of Ipswich, which foundered at sea when off Lowes- 
 toft, in January last. His worship also at the same time presented
 
 916 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 the same two noble fellows with silver watches and a sum of money, 
 on behalf of the inhabitants of Ipswich.* 
 
 Samuel Hall Egginton, Esq., a member of a respected family- 
 long connected with Hull, died on the 27th of this month, aged 61 
 years. His remains were interred in the family vault in the parish 
 church of Ferriby. 
 
 A serious conflagration took place on the afternoon of the 15th of 
 June, on the premises of Messrs. Blundell, Spence, and Co., paint 
 and colour manufacturers, situate in Sculcoates. For about two 
 hours the fire burned fiercely, and fears were entertained that the 
 whole of the premises would become its prey ; but a plentiful supply 
 of water being at hand, the flames were confined to the place in 
 which they originated. Short as was the time during which the 
 fire raged, the damage sustained amounted to several thousands of 
 pounds. One of the workmen, an oil refiner, was severely scalded 
 owing to some of the boiling oil pouring on to him. 
 
 An extensive and calamitous fire took place at the north end of 
 the High-street, about eleven o'clock in the forenoon of Saturday, 
 the 11th of last July. It originated in the centre of a large ware- 
 house occupied by Messrs. Hill, flax and hemp merchants — the 
 cause being spontaneous combustion — and the devastating flames 
 spread with such fearful rapidity, that, before any measures could 
 be adopted to subdue them, the whole building (which contained a 
 great quantity of flax, wheat, linseed, oats, and other combustible 
 articles of merchandise) became one burning mass. The workmen 
 barely saved their lives by flight, and sad to relate, one poor aged 
 man, employed in one of the upper stories, was burnt to death. 
 The heat sent forth by the burning mass was intense, even on the 
 dock bridge. It was a most fortunate occurrence that there was 
 
 * During a fearful gale, which lasted several days, the Ganj'ruede became quite 
 disabled, having lost two suits of sails and some of her spars, and was very leaky —   
 indeed " settling " fast — and completely at the mercy of the wind and waves, when 
 Captain Maddick launched his boat to save the crew of the sinking vessel — their own 
 boat being useless. But his men shrank from discharging a sailor's and a Christian's 
 duty, so he determined to go single-handed in his work of charity and benevolence. 
 The apprentice, howevei-, nobly declared that he would brave the fury of the billows 
 rather than his master should go alone, and the two brave fellows bufletted the waves, 
 and, at great risk of life, succeeded in getting the all but despairing crew of the Gany- 
 mede on board the Euby in safety.
 
 HISTORY OF KINCSTON-UrON-IIULL. 217 
 
 scarcely any wind at the time, and that little, came from the south ; 
 else had the wind been high, and the quarter it blew from been the 
 opposite direction, the fine oil mill adjoining, belonging to Mr. H. 
 Hodge, and many other buildings would be likely to fall a prey to 
 the devouring element. As it was, the building in which the fire 
 broke out became a total wreck, and (though great efforts were made 
 by the police, aided by a body of seamen from the " Cornwallis," to 
 confine the flames to that building) Mr. Hodge's premises, on the 
 south side, suffered considerably ; Messrs. Hall and Co.'s rigging 
 shed, which adjoined it on the north side, was destroyed ; and the 
 flames extended to Messrs. Spencer and Gardham's ship-yard, de- 
 stroying the work-sheds, a large crane, and a quantity of timber. 
 To provide against further devastation in this direction, the gates of 
 the Messrs. Spencer and Gardham's dry-dock were opened, and the 
 dock was filled with water; and timber and other articles were 
 thrown into it. A large quantity of lucifer matches, which Messrs. 
 Frost and Co. had stored in one of the upper stories of No. 1, High- 
 street, were thrown down into the ship-yard and shovelled into the 
 dock. Messrs. Hayes and Whittaker, wine and spirit merchants, 
 who occupied the front part of the ground floor, and the arched 
 cellars of Messrs. Hill's warehouse, were also considerable sufferers ; 
 but though a quantity of water poured on the burning building 
 found its way to the cellars, and the wine casks almost floated in 
 hot water for several days, yet the wine in the casks did not sus- 
 tain the slightest injury in quality. The flames from the windows 
 of the burning warehouse set fire to the masts and rigging of a 
 couple of vessels in the harbour. For nearly a fortnight a number 
 of workmen were engaged in clearing out the ruins, and during 
 that period the police hose was almost continually in action, as 
 during the removal of a large quantity of flax, the smouldering 
 flame very frequently broke out afresh. Several hundred tons of 
 Narva and Kiga flax, partially damaged, were recovered from the 
 ruins. The entire damage caused by the fire has been estimated 
 at not less than £50,000. 
 
 On the 22nd of the same month fires broke out in the oil distillery 
 of Mr. F. Tall, Groves, and on the premises of Messrs. Fowler and 
 Mc. Collin's iron works, Scott-street ; but the flames were soon ex- 
 
 2 F
 
 218 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 tinguished. And on the night of that day another fire occurred at 
 No. 5, Albion-street, the residence of Mrs. Singleton, but happily it 
 was soon put out. 
 
 The Marquis of Normanby, K.G., Lord High Steward of Hull, 
 died in London, on the 28th of July (1863.) A few days later 
 the Town Council resolved, unanimously, to " present an humble 
 petition to her Majesty to constitute the Right Honourable the Earl 
 de Grey, Earl of Ripon, Viscount Goderich, and Baron Grantham, 
 one of her Majesty's most honourable Privy Council, High Steward 
 of the town, and that his lordship be requested, in the name of the 
 Council, to accept such office." The Town Clerk (R. Wells, Esq.) 
 having forwarded a copy of this resolution to Lord de Grey and 
 Ripon, his lordship replied that he was highly gratified at the honour 
 thus conferred upon him; "and if the Queen (wrote his lordship) 
 shall be pleased to confirm the choice of the Town Council, I shall 
 gladly take upon myself the duties of the office, and shall rejoice at 
 the permanent connection which will then be established between 
 myself and your ancient and important borough." On the 11th of 
 August, a communication was addressed from the Home Office to 
 the Town Clerk, acquainting him that the Queen had been graci- 
 ously pleased to comply with the prayer of the Corporation's petition, 
 and tbat her Majesty had accordingly appointed Earl de Grey to be 
 High Steward of Hull "in place of the Marquis of Normanby." 
 
 In the latter part of July, Mr. Bethel Jacobs, of No. 7, White- 
 friar-gate, erected in front of his establishment, for the benefit of 
 sea captains and the inhabitants generally, an Electric Time Ball, 
 a scientific contrivance which, being connected by electric telegraph 
 with the Observatory at Greenwich, indicates the exact moment of 
 noon daily, by the fall of the ball. The instrument is fixed in a 
 glass case above the royal arms which surmount the shop front. 
 Mr. Jacobs is jeweller and silversmith to her Majesty, at Hull. 
 His appointment bears the date of December 27th, 1854. 
 
 Another fire occurred on the night of August 18th (1868) on the 
 premises of Mr. Jensen, joiner, &c, Witham. The inflammable 
 nature of the materials stored in the building caused the fire to 
 burn with great rapidity, and the building was destroyed. A por- 
 tion of the adjoining premises was also burnt.
 
 HISTOKY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 219 
 
 In the early part of the reign of Edward I., Hull was governed 
 by Bailiffs appointed by the Abbot of Meaux (See p. 25). In 1299 
 the place became a " royal borough," under the title of " Kyngston- 
 svper-Hvll," and the chief magistrate, who was called a Custos or 
 Warden, was to retain his office for life (See p. 27). Edward II. 
 changed the office of Warden to that of Bailiff, to be chosen an- 
 nually ; and in 1331 a Mayor and four Bailiffs were substituted for 
 the Bailiff (See p. 34). Henry VI. constituted Hull a separate and 
 distinct county in 1440 ; and incorporated the town. The Mayor 
 and Aldermen were to wear scarlet gowns and hoods, lined with fur, 
 resembling those worn by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London ; 
 and to have the state sword carried erect before them (See p. 56).* 
 In 1443 the town was divided into six wards ; and four years later 
 the Corporation was empowered to elect an Admiral f (See p. 57). 
 In 1564 Sir William Knowles, Kut., Alderman and merchant of 
 Hull, presented the Corporation with a gold chain, weighing 4^oz., 
 to be for ever kept and worn by every succeeding Mayor, during 
 the year of his mayoralty, on Sundays, great holidays, and on all 
 extraordinary occasions, under a penalty of £40. for every omission. 
 The chain was afterwards enlarged by this knight's widow, then 
 married to John Gilford, Esq., by adding to it the value of £10. in 
 angel gold. Mrs. Thurcross added the value of £3. more to it, so 
 that the whole chain consisted of 317 links, and weighed lloz. 
 
 * So distinct was the County of Hull, or Hullshire, from the County of York, that 
 until a late period no freeholder of Hullshire could vote at the elections for the 
 County of York; and so distinct is the Town and County of Kingston-upon-Hull yet 
 from the County ot York, that no freeholder of Hull can he called to serve on juries 
 at York. 
 
 + The Mayor of Hull is Admiral of the Humher in virtue of his office of Mayor. 
 In 1737, during the mayoralty of William Cogan, Esq., it was ordered by the Cor- 
 poration "that the Mayor do exercise his Admiral's jurisdiction, at the Corporation's 
 expense, on the river Humber this summer, and that a flag be provided with the Ad- 
 miral's arms upon it." This order was carried out, and " a parade was made down 
 the Humber with a jury." The seal of the Admiral of the Humber forms part of 
 the regalia of the Corporation.
 
 220 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 7dwt., 8gr. It was again enlarged a few years ago at the cost of 
 Aldermen Bannister and Moss. 
 
 In 1611 James I. granted, or rather sold the Corporation a new 
 charter for £000. ; and so poor was the corporate body at that time, 
 that to defray the expense, they were obliged to dispose of so much 
 of their lands as amounted to that sum. By this charter the Mayor, 
 Piecorder, and Aldermen, were empowered to chose an assistant 
 preacher to the Church of Holy Trinity. 
 
 Charles II., in 1661 (See p. 135), granted a charter to the bur- 
 gesses, which confirmed all their former privileges, and conferred 
 many new ones. The place is designated as " our Town or Borough 
 of Kingston-upon-Hull, in the County of the Town or Borough of 
 Kingston-upon-Hull;" and the chief points of the document (which 
 is a very lengthy one) are: — that Hull shall be a free town or 
 borough of itself; that the burgesses and their successors shall con- 
 tinue to be a body corporate and politic ; that they shall have a 
 common seal ; that there shall be thirteen honest and discreet men, 
 inhabitants of the town, who shall be called Aldermen,* and shall be 
 Justices of the Peace, and one of whom shall be chosen Mayor; 
 that one of the most honest and discreet burgesses shall be chosen 
 and appointed Sheriff of the town and county of the town ; that the 
 Aldermen shall be called the Common Council of the borough, and 
 shall aid and assist the Mayor in all causes and matters concerning 
 the town ; that the Mayor and Aldermen shall make laws for the 
 government of the town, and have power to annex penalties to all 
 the laws made by them ; that the Mayor and Sheriff be elected an- 
 nually ; that a person learned in the law be chosen as Recorder of 
 the town, to continue in office for life ; and that an inhabitant of 
 the town be appointed to the office of Common Clerk. The charter 
 also recognised and confirmed the offices of High Steward, Admiral 
 of the Humber, Escheator, and of several subordinates.! 
 
 * The necessary qualification to vote at the election of the Aldermen was, that the 
 voter should he the son of a freeman, or have served an apprenticeship of seven years 
 to a freeman. These voters were and still are called Burgesses. 
 
 + Mr. Frost gives a list of 35 royal charters which this borough has received, and 
 which the Corporation possesses ; beginning with that of 1299 (27 Edw. I.) and ending 
 with that of 1688 (4 Jas. II.) But he mentions five other charters, which, he says, 
 appear to have been granted, but of which the Corporation possess neither the ori- 
 ginals nor copies. The date of the latest of these is 1597 (39 Eliz.).
 
 HISTORY OF KINGST0N-UP0N-HUXL. 221 
 
 This was the governing charter previous to the passing of the 
 Municipal Corporation Act, which received the royal assent, Sep- 
 tember 9th, 1835. The officers of the Corporation under the Muni- 
 cipal Act consist of a Mayor, 14 Aldermen, and 42 Councillors, 
 under the usual corporate style. They constitute the Council of the 
 borough, which is divided into seven wards, viz., Low-gate Ward, 
 Market-place Ward, South Myton Ward, North Myton Ward, West 
 Sculcoates Ward, East Sculcoates Ward, and Holderness Ward. 
 The Aldermen are elected for six years ; and the Councillors for three 
 years. The Council appoint a Sheriff, Town Clerk, Treasurer, and 
 other officers; and the Recorder is chosen by the Crown. This 
 borough was included in schedule A, amongst boroughs to have a 
 Commission of the peace, which has accordingly been granted, and 
 the Court of Quarter Sessions and a Recorder re-appointed. 
 
 The limits of the borough, previous to the passing of the Reform 
 Act of 1832 and the Municipal Act of 1835, were confined to the 
 line of the ancient fortifications of the town, i. e. to that part of the 
 town which is insulated by the river Hull, and by the three old docks 
 and their basins. By the Act of 1832, the limits for parliamentary 
 purposes were greatly extended, and by the Act of 1835 the parlia- 
 mentary boundaries were to be taken for municipal purposes.* 
 
 Mems. — In 1549 Messrs. Johnson, Jobson, and Thorpe, three of 
 the former Sheriffs, were fined £6. 13s. 4d. each, for being deficient 
 in the elegance of their entertainments, for neglecting to wear 
 scarlet gowns, and for not providing the same for their wives during 
 their shrievalties. Ten years later, as already intimated at page 80, 
 a Mr. Gregory was severely punished for refusing to accept the 
 office of Sheriff. 
 
 At page 95, we have seen that an Alderman was fined in 1031, 
 for not making a feast for the burgesses. In 1003, on the petition 
 of the Grand Jury, the Mayor's salary, which, from the time of 
 
 * Under the Act of 1832 for settling and describing the divisions of counties, and 
 the limits of cities and boroughs in England and Wales, as respects elections, this 
 borough was made to consist of the respective parishes of St. Mary, the Holy Trinity, 
 Sculcoates, and Drypool, together with the extra-parochial space called Garrison-side, 
 and also all such parts of the parish of Sutton as are situated to the south of a straight 
 line drawn from Sculcoates Church to the point at which the Sutton Drain meets the 
 Summergangs Drain.
 
 222 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 Henry VIII., bad been only £20. a year, with £6. for clothes, was 
 advanced to £50. ; tbat his office, as the record says, might be filled 
 with more magnificence. 
 
 1077, Dec. 3rd. The Corporation determined that if an Alder- 
 man, being duly elected Mayor, should refuse to fill that honourable 
 office, he should be fined in the sum of £500. ; if a burgess chosen 
 Alderman refused to stand, £300. ; a Sheriff £200. ; and a Cham- 
 berlain, £50. 
 
 At the period of the passing of the Municipal Eeform Bill the 
 total rental of the real property belonging to the Corporation amoun- 
 ted to £4,000 per annum. The total income of the Corporation for 
 the year 1835 was £11,689 ; the expenditure being £12,352. 
 
 The following is a list of the first Reformed Corporation — For 
 Low-gate Ward, Messrs. John Cowham Parker, William Caley, John 
 Smith, John Levitt, Boswell Middleton Jalland, and William Steph- 
 enson. Market-place Ward, Messrs. Robert Bean, William Soulby, 
 Thomas Thompson, Joseph Jones, William Bettison, and John 
 Gresham. South Myton Ward, Messrs. Thomas Prissick, William 
 Priest, George Cookman, Herbert Seaton, William Woolley, and 
 William Goodlad Todd. North Myton Ward, Messrs. Henry Blun- 
 dell, Thomas Holderness, Thomas Watson, John Liddell, John 
 Astrop, and Deuton Northgraves. West Sculcoates Ward, Messrs. 
 Matthew Chalmers, Robert Blyth, William Holmes, William Bald- 
 win Carrick, Benjamin Casson, and Dennis Peacock. East Scul- 
 coates Ward, Messrs. John Atkinson, Thomas Holmes, Richard Cas- 
 son, Robert Hardey, Timothy Thorney, and Henry Cooper. Hol- 
 derness Ward, Messrs. William Henry Bell, John Mayfield Storry, 
 Thomas Petchell, William Cobb, John Wade, and George Boyd. 
 This list was published on the 28th of December, 1835. 
 
 Of this Corporation but one gentleman (Mr. Dennis Peacock) 
 belonged to the conservative party. 
 
 The first quarterly meeting of the newly elected Town Coun- 
 cillors took place on the 1st of January, 1836, when they elected 
 as Aldermen, Messrs. J. C. Parker, John Malam, Robert Bean, 
 George Cookman, T. Mc. Bride, Henry Blundell, W. B. Brownlow, 
 Dr. Chalmers, W. Hopwood, John Atkinson, J. Rivis, W. H. Bell, E. 
 Rheam, and Richard Tottie ; and as Mayor, Mr. Alderman Parker.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 223 
 
 At an adjourned meeting held a few days after, the Mayor was 
 elected Admiral of the Humber during the term of his mayoralty.* 
 The office of High Steward of the borough having been then vacant 
 for about 8$ years, the Earl of Durham was appointed, or rather 
 nominated, and the King confirmed the choice. 
 
 At the election to supply the vacancies of the seven Councillors 
 who had been made Aldermen, and of Mr. T. Petchell, who had. 
 omitted to qualify, the following were returned : — Messrs. Samuel 
 Westerdale, John Lee Smith, John Ostler, John Garton, Phineas 
 Lowther, John Thornham, George Newmarch, and Edward Walton. 
 
 In the early part of the career of the new Corporation, they re- 
 solved, "That an address be presented to the King, thanking his Ma- 
 jesty for giving his assent to the wise, just, and salutary measure of 
 Municipal Pieform, which has called into existence a body, elected, 
 from, and responsible to the people." They also resolved that the 
 wine, plate, linen, glass, &c, belonging to the Corporation, be sold 
 by auction, except such articles of plate as have been bequeathed or 
 presented to the Corporation.^ 
 
 The reformers soon expressed a desire that all the " ostentatious 
 frippery of the defunct Corporation should be sent adrift as soon as 
 possible;" and it was suggested that "the antique maces should be 
 put forthwith into the crucible, and converted into grateful testi- 
 monials to Viscount Melbourne and Lord John Kussell," two of the 
 
 * At the close of Mr. J. C. Parker's mayoralty, the Council and Magistrates of the 
 borough gave him a banquet at the Kingston Hotel, to evince their respect for his 
 character, and to compliment themselves and him on the termination of the first year 
 of the new government of the borough, under the Municipal Reform Act. 
 
 + The first Property Committee of the new Corporation valued the furniture, plate, 
 linen, wine, Sec, in the Mansion House, and the regalia, at ,£2,632. According to the 
 printed catalogue, " By order of the Eight Worshipful the Mayor, Aldermen, and 
 Councillors," the " Cellar of fine old wines " of the old Corporation, was sold by auc- 
 tion (by Mr. F. Stamp) on the 16th of March, 1836. It contained 319£ dozens of 
 " very superior port," " choice Madeira," " superior hock," " prime sherry," " extraor* 
 dinary fine claret," &c. ; and realised the sum of £945. And by order of the same 
 authorities, a quantity of "plate and linen, rich cut glass, china and other effects," 
 were disposed of by auction (by Mr. Hyde), on the afternoon of the same day, and on 
 the two following days. The silver plate consisted chiefly of various kinds of spoons ; 
 silver-handled knives and forks; table forks, waiters, candlesticks, sugar bows, punch 
 and soup ladles, and tea pots ; and a rich epergne, with eight branches, which weighed 
 188oz. lOdwt.
 
 224 HISTOKY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 first ministers of the day. At a Council meeting early in January 
 Mr. Gresham proposed and Mr. Bean seconded, " That the Mayor 
 be distinguished by wearing the gold chain, and that such be the 
 only insignia of the office of Mayor ; and that all the gowns and 
 other paraphernalia of office be dispensed with." This resolution 
 was carried with only one dissentient, and that one was against any 
 distinctive badges whatever being retained. 
 
 At a Town Council meeting in the following month, Mr. Bell 
 proposed that the corporate regalia — to wit, the sword of state, the 
 mace, and cap of maintenance, be deposited as objects of interest to 
 the antiquarian and the curious in the museum of the Philosophical 
 Society, with the condition that they be kept by that society as the 
 property of the Town Council ; and also that the cups and other 
 presents exempted from the sale of plate, be deposited in like man- 
 ner. Mr. Malam seconded the proposition. Mr. Stephenson moved 
 as an amendment, that all the paraphernalia which belonged to the 
 Corporation should remain in the Mansion House, in the custody of 
 the Mayor for the time being. This was seconded by Mr. Cook- 
 man, and carried by 17 to 4. At a meeting of the Corporation, a 
 month later, Mr. Walton proposed " that the regalia, namely the 
 sword of state, the mace, and the cap of maintenance, also the whole 
 of the plate, now kept at the Town Hall, be sold by public auction." 
 He contended that as the old Corporation had sold plate that had 
 been presented to them — two cups, and a chain that had been 
 given for the use of the Mayoress — and that as they (the new 
 body) had sold a portion of the plate, they had a perfect right to 
 sell the then useless regalia. Mr. Stephenson, by way of amend- 
 ment, proposed that the whole of the plate, with the exception of 
 the regalia, ,be sold. But after some discussion both propositions 
 were lost. However, at a later meeting it was resolved, " That the 
 regalia, namely, the sword of state, the mace, and the cap of main- 
 tenance, and also the cups and other presents of plate, which have 
 been excepted from the sale of plate, be kept in the Town Hall, in 
 the custody of the Mayor for the time being." Consequently the 
 regalia, and that portion of the plate which was not sold, remained 
 locked up in a room at the Mansion House, and were well nigh al- 
 together forgotten ; when Mr. Alderman Bannister, in the beginning
 
 HISTORY OF KJNCISTON-UPON-HULL. 225 
 
 of his mayoralty, in 1851, had them exhumed, cleaned, and again 
 restored to use. 
 
 At one of its earlier meetings the Corporation resolved " That the 
 following gentlemen be recommended to his Majesty as proper per- 
 sons to act as Justices of the Peace for the Town and County of 
 the Town of Kingston-upon-Hull. Richard Sykes, Joseph Sykes, 
 William Bourne, James T. Foord, John Todd, William Lowthrop, 
 Charles Whitaker, John Bernard La Marche, John Henry Smith, 
 James Kiero Watson, Richard Tottie, Thomas B. Locke, James 
 Bowden, J. C. Parker, Boswell Middleton Jalland, John Smith, 
 George Cookmau, Thomas Holderness, William Baldwin Carrick, 
 Henry Blundell, Thomas Newmarch, and Dr. Chalmers." 
 
 The Mayor's Gold Chain of office — the same that was presented 
 by Alderman Knowles, in 15 04 — is now a very fine decoration. A 
 large boss with a blue stone was added to it by Mr. Alderman Ban- 
 nis f er, on the occasion of his being a second time elected to the 
 office of Mayor, in November, 1855 ;* and the chain was altered, 
 and a handsome centre shield with two shoulder bosses added to it, 
 by, and at the expense of Mr. Alderman Moss, at the close of his 
 mayoralty, 1857.f 
 
 * At the close of Mr. Bannister's mayoralty, in 1856, it was suggested that a tes- 
 timonial should be presented to him, as some token of the regard in which his public 
 services were held by his townsmen, and on Thursday evening, July 2nd, 1857, that 
 suggestion was carried out. A " presentation banquet " was then given to the worthy 
 Alderman at the Station Hotel, at which upwards of a hundred gentlemen were pre- 
 sent, and at which the Mayor (W. H. Moss, Esq.) presided. In the course of the 
 proceedings his worship presented the guest of the evening with the testimonial — a 
 magnificent piece of plate — on behalf of 212 of his townsmen. The inscription on 
 it runs thus : — " Presented to Anthony Bannister, Esq. (Mayor of Hull in 1852 and 
 1850), by his townsmen, consisting of bankers, merchants, shipowners, tradesmen and 
 others, as a testimonial of their high appreciation of his valuable services and un- 
 tiring energy in the cause of local and general improvement, and in the protection of 
 the best interests of the port of Hull. — 1857." This tribute of respect was joined in 
 by gentlemen of all shades of politics. 
 
 + The members of the Town Council entertained Mr. Alderman Moss — the then 
 Ex-Mayor — with a public dinner at the Vittoria Hotel, on Tuesday, 29th December, 
 1857. The chair was occupied by Mr. Alderman Bannister. In the course of the 
 evening it transpired that it was the anniversary of the natal day of their guest, and 
 the knowledge of this interesting fact gave additional joyousness and pleasure to 
 the occasion. In June, 1863, in compliance with the request of up to one hundred 
 of the leading personages of Hull, Mr. Moss (being Mayor of the town) sat for his 
 portrait, in his robes of office, and a very excellent lithographic likeness of that gen- 
 tleman has just been published. 
 
 2 G
 
 226 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 There are two Swords of State. The sword said to be the oldest, 
 and to have been given by King Henry VIII. (See p. 75), is a 
 personal sword with a very heavy hilt. The blade exhibits traces of 
 an obliterated inscription. The scabbard bears the date 1G30, with 
 carvings of the rose and thistle. The other sword (that which is 
 now used) appears to be a real sword of state. The scabbard is 
 inscribed " 1013, J. L., Mayor." The blade appears to have been 
 renewed or modernised, but the handle or hilt retains its ancient 
 appearance. It is probable that the first-mentioned sword was given 
 by Charles I. when he visited Hull ; and that the other one is that 
 presented by Henry VIII. , as the arms of the town engraved on 
 the scabbard are very ancient, and nearly defaced. 
 
 The Mace, which is silver-gilt, and a very fine one, is embellished 
 with the Royal arms, the Corporation arms, and the rose and thistle. 
 There are two small silver Maces — one of which (the oldest) bears 
 the date of 1651. One of these is sometimes carried before the 
 Sheriff. The Cap of Maintenance : s of velvet; and there are two 
 ancient velvet Garters amongst the Corporate regalia. 
 
 The Corporation Plate (all silver) used at the banquets of that 
 body, is as follows : — A fine soup tureen, bearing the date of 1668. 
 Two large flagons, the gift of Sir John Lister, in 1640. Two 
 small cups and one large cup, the gift of Israel Popple (ancestor of 
 the Popples, of Welton), in 1648 — one of which is said to have 
 been given by Mr. Popple to the Merchants' Hall, which then 
 existed in Hull. A large cup, which was presented to the Mer- 
 chants' Hall in 1649, by Robert Berrier, who was Mayor in 1656 
 and 1671. Two porter tankards, the gift, in 1666, of William 
 Dobson, Mayor in 1647 and 1658. One waiter, the gift, in 1685-6, 
 of Thomas Johnson, Mayor in 1672, and who also gave the Corpora- 
 tion (according to Tickell) a silver cup, cover and stand, in 1668, on 
 the bench remitting his fine for Sheriff. Two cups, presented to 
 the Corporation in 1723, by William Wilberforce, Mayor in 1722 
 and 1740 — father of the great advocate for the emancipation of the 
 negro slaves. Two ancient tankards, presented through her friend 
 the Recorder of Hull, in July, 1856, by Mrs. Dixon, widow of the 
 Rev. W. H. Dixon, Canon Residentiary of York — who was a de- 
 scendant of the family of Mason, long and honourably connected
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULT,. 227 
 
 with Hull (Robert Mason was Mayor in 1G96). Mrs. Dixon gave 
 this plate as a "trifling tribute " to the memory of her deceased 
 husband, " as well as a compliment to the Corporation of Hull." 
 One is a "Whistle Tankard," which belonged to Anthony Lambert, 
 who was Mayor of Hull in 1CG7, and died in 1688, aged 58 years 
 (it is thought that there is only one other tankard of this kind in the 
 kingdom) ; and the other, which is more ancient, but, being French, 
 the date cannot be ascertained, belonged to the Carliel (Carlisle) 
 and Mason families. Robert Carlisle was Mayor in 1687 and 1702. 
 The Broadley family descended maternally from the Carlisles.* 
 
 In 1851 the Health of Towns' Act was passed, and on the 27th 
 of August, in that year, the Town Council of Hull met for the first 
 time in their new character of a " Local Board of Health " for the 
 borough ; but finding themselves " hampered by certain peculiarities 
 in the condition of the district, which rendered the provisions of the 
 general act insufficient for the complete sanitary regulation of the 
 borough," they applied and obtained in 1854 an Act of Parliament, 
 to enable them to further and better provision for the improvement, 
 regulation, and for the paving, lighting, cleansing, and draining of 
 the borough, and for the prevention and removal of nuisances ; and 
 to authorise the construction of additional gas-works and cemeteries 
 within or adjoining the borough, and to confer additional powers 
 upon the Town Council of the said borough, acting as the Local 
 Board of Health. This bill, commonly called the Kingston-upon- 
 Hull Improvement Act, cost no less a sum than £6,000. 
 
 The Income of the Corporation, derived from rents, stallage and 
 standage, water-bailiff's dues, the waterworks, &c, for the year ending 
 September 1st, 1862, was £30,583. ; and the Expenditure for the 
 same year amounted to £27,322. The Borough Surplus Fund at 
 the disposal of the Town Council at the same period was £3,670. 
 
 It is impossible to furnish a correct and perfect list of the chief 
 magistrates of Hull, as the early records of Corporation contain no 
 regular succession of them. 
 
 * Tickell gives a long list of the plate belonging to the Corporation in 1723, which, 
 including the gold chains of the Mayor and Mayoress, and exclusive of the maces, 
 seals, &c, weighed 833 oz. 17 dwt. Ray, who visited Hull, in 1061, mentions the 
 regalia of the Corporation, in his Itinerary (See p. 135).
 
 228 
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Cbtcf lllugistrafcs of IVmgstoH-upon-JtJuII. 
 
 The figures 2, 3, #c., after the Mayors, denote the 2nd, 3rd, §c, time of their election to 
 
 the office. 
 
 CUSTODES OK WARDENS. 
 
 1341 Eobert Stut 
 
 1372 Walter Frost 
 
 
 1342 Walter Heleward 
 
 1373 Henry de Selby 
 
 Edivard I. 
 
 1343 Thomas deYafford 
 
 1374 Eobert atte Crosse 
 
 
 1344 Eobert de Lyche- 
 
 1375 
 
 1296 Eichard Oysel 
 
 feld 
 
 1376 Sir Michael de la 
 
 
 1345 Eobert de Preston 
 
 Pole 
 
 Edward II. 
 
 1346 Eobert de Lyche- 
 
 
 
 feld 
 
 Eichard II. 
 
 1307 Milo de Stapleton 
 
 1347 Ditto 
 
 
 1308 Edward de Ebor 
 
 1348 Alan de Upsale 
 
 1377 Eobert del Crosse 
 
 1310 Eobert Hastang 
 
 1349 Walter Heleward 
 
 1378 Sir Thomas de 
 
 1311 JohnBotenheryng 
 
 1350 Gilbert de Birkyn 
 
 Waltham 
 
 1312 Adam de Middle- 
 
 1351 Walter Box 
 
 ] 379 Eichard de Feriby 
 
 ton 
 
 1352 Adam Pund 
 
 1380 Walter Frost 
 
 1313 Eobert de San dale 
 
 1353 Galfrid de Hamby 
 
 1381 Walter de Dymel- 
 
 1316 to 1331 Eobert 
 
 1354 Eobert Sergeaunt 
 
 ton 
 
 Hastang (other- 
 
 1355 Thomas deSanton 
 
 1382 Eobert de Crosse 
 
 wise Sir Eobert 
 
 1356 Ditto* 
 
 1383 Ditto 
 
 Hastings. See 
 
 1357 
 
 1384 John deDymelton 
 
 page 33.) 
 
 1358 Eoger Swerd 
 
 1385 
 
 
 1359 John Taverner 
 
 1386 Henry de Selby 
 
 MAYORS. 
 
 1360 John de Barton 
 
 1387 John de Birkyn 
 
 
 1361 Peter deGrymesby 
 
 1388 Walter de Dymel- 
 
 Edward III. 
 
 1302 Walter Helleward 
 
 ton 
 
 
 1363 Henry de Selby 
 
 1389 JohndeColthorpe 
 
 1331 to 1335 Sir Wil- 
 
 1364 John de Barton 
 
 1390 Ditto 
 
 liam de la Pole. 
 
 1365 Eobert de Selby 
 
 1391 Simon de Gry- 
 
 (See pp. 31, 38) 
 
 1366 William de Suay- 
 
 mesby 
 
 1336 John de Barton 
 
 ton 
 
 1392 Eobert Biset 
 
 1337 Eobert de Lyche- 
 
 1367 Ditto 
 
 1393 Peter Steller 
 
 feld 
 
 1368 Walter Box 
 
 1394 Ditto 
 
 1338 Ditto 
 
 1369 John Lambord 
 
 1395 John Liversege 
 
 1339 Eobert de Upsale 
 
 1370 Hugh de Hamby 
 
 1396 William Pund 
 
 1340 Thomas deYafford 
 
 1371 Eobert de Selby 
 
 1397 John Liversege 
 
 * The Eecords of the town were at this period written in French.
 
 HISTORY OF KINUSTON-UPOX-IIUTX. 
 
 229 
 
 ] 398 William Terry 
 
 1399 John Tuttebury* 
 
 Henry IV. 
 
 1400 Simon de Gry- 
 
 mesby 
 
 1401 John Liversege 
 
 1402 William Terry 
 
 1403 John Humbleton 
 
 1404 John Fittling 
 
 1405 Simon de Gry- 
 
 mesby 
 1400 John Fittling (2) 
 
 1407 Eobert Shackells 
 
 1408 John Tutbury (2) 
 
 1409 John Wallas 
 
 1410 Simon Bedall 
 
 1411 John Wallas (2) 
 
 Henry V. 
 
 1412 John Bedford 
 
 1413 John Tutbury (3) 
 
 1414 John Bedford (2) 
 
 1415 Thomas Marshall 
 
 1416 John Greggt 
 
 1417 John FittliDg (3) 
 
 1418 Thos. Marshall (2) 
 
 1419 Robert Holm 
 
 1420 John Bedford (2) 
 
 1421 Francis Hewitt 
 
 1422 James Spead 
 
 Henry VI. 
 
 1423 Thomas Marshall 
 
 1424 John Grimsby 
 
 1425 John Tutbury (4) 
 
 1426 Thomas Wells 
 
 1427 Eobert Holm (2) 
 
 1428 John Bedford (4) 
 
 1429 Robert Kirton 
 
 1430 Ralph Horn 
 
 1431 John Grimsby 
 
 1432 John Tutbury (5) 
 
 1433 Thomas Wallas 
 
 1434 Robert Holm (4) 
 
 1435 John Bedford (5) 
 
 1436 Robert Kirton (2) 
 
 1437 Ralph Horn (2) 
 
 1438 Ralph Holmes 
 
 1439 John Awnwicke 
 
 1440 Thomas Day 
 
 1441 Hugh Clitheroe 
 
 1442 Ealph Horn (3) 
 
 1443 John Bedford (G) 
 
 1444 Thos. Dickinson 
 
 1445 John Handson 
 1440 HughClitheroe(2) 
 
 1447 John Steeton 
 
 1448 HughClitheroe(3) 
 
 1449 John Scales 
 
 1450 Rd. Hanson (2) 
 
 1451 Simon Burton 
 
 1452 John Spencer 
 
 1453 Rd. Hanson (2) 
 
 1454 Robert Awn swell 
 
 1455 Nicholas Ellis 
 
 1456 John Scales (2) 
 
 1457 HughClitheroe(4) 
 
 1458 Rd. Hanson (3) 
 
 1459 Edward Coppin- 
 
 dale 
 
 1400 Rd. Hanson (4) J 
 Edward IV. 
 
 1461 Nicholas Stubbs 
 
 1462 John Barker 
 
 1463 John Green 
 
 1464 Nicholas Ellis (2) 
 
 1465 John Swann 
 1400 John Day 
 1467 John Bards 
 
 1408 Roger Bushel 
 
 1409 John Day (2) 
 
 1470 John Hadlesley 
 
 1471 Robt. Bennington 
 
 1472 John Whitfield 
 
 1473 William Bromp- 
 
 ton 
 
 1474 John Swann (2) 
 
 1475 Roger Bushel (2) 
 
 1476 John Richards 
 
 1477 Edward Coppin- 
 
 dale (2) 
 
 1478 Thomas Alcock 
 
 1479 Thomas Wood 
 
 1480 Eobert Alcock 
 14S1 Ealph Langton 
 
 1482 William Baron 
 
 Richard III. 
 
 1483 Thomas Phillips 
 
 1484 Eichard Burdon 
 
 Henry VII. 
 
 1485 Ealph Langton (2) 
 
 * John Tutbury was the Mayor who held the town for Eichard II., and denied 
 admittance to the Duke of Lancaster and his followers (See page 55). 
 
 + John Gregg was founder of the Hospital in Hull which bears his name. 
 
 I Eichard Hanson was killed in battle, near Wakefield, fighting for the King (See 
 p. 59). During his mayoralty an ordinance was made, that, fur the future, the Mayor 
 and Aldermen should name such persons as they thought most fitting to fill the office 
 of chief magistrate; and then refer the choice of one of them to the burgesses.
 
 230 
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 ]486 John Chapman 
 
 1518 Robert Hampson 
 
 1552 
 
 John Thacker f 2) 
 
 1487 John Dalton 
 
 1519 Edward Mattison 
 
 
 
 1488 Thomas Eaton 
 
 1520 T. Wilkinson (2) 
 
 Pi 
 
 kilip and Mary. 
 
 1489 Thomas Dalton 
 
 1521 John Langton 
 
 
 
 1490 Laurence Swat- 
 
 1522 Geo. Mattison (2) 
 
 1553 
 
 Hy. Thurcross (2) 
 
 terwick 
 
 1523 Thos. Thompson 
 
 1554 
 
 Thos. Dalton, jun. 
 
 149] Thos. Phillips (2) 
 
 1524 John Elland (3) 
 
 1555 
 
 John Thornton 
 
 1492 Robt.Chapman(2) 
 
 1525 William Knowles 
 
 1556 
 
 Walter Jobson 
 
 1493 Thomas Wilson 
 
 1526 Robert Parker 
 
 1557 
 
 ThomasDalton(3) 
 
 1494 Ralph Langton (2) 
 
 1527 Thomas Wilkin- 
 
 
 
 tuho died, and Jno. 
 
 son (3) 
 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Dalton served 
 
 1528 Edward Matti- 
 
 
 
 1495 John Dalton (3) 
 
 son (2) 
 
 1558 
 
 Alexander Stock- 
 
 1496 Henry Mind ram 
 
 1529 Geo. Mattison (3) 
 
 
 dale (3) 
 
 1497 Wm. Goodknap 
 
 1530 Stephen Clare 
 
 1559 James Clarkson 
 
 1498 Robert Hoole 
 
 1531 Thomas Thomp- 
 
 1560 Thomas Dalton, 
 
 1499 Thos. Dalton (2) 
 
 son (2) 
 
 
 jun., (2) 
 
 1500 Thos. Gooseman 
 
 1532 William Rogers 
 
 1561 
 
 Thomas Allured 
 
 1501 Edward Baron 
 
 1533 James Johnson 
 
 1562 William Gee 
 
 1502 Thomas Cock 
 
 1534 Wm. Knowles (2) 
 
 1563 
 
 John Smith 
 
 1503 Robert Garner 
 
 1535 Thomas Dalton 
 
 1564 Robert Gay ton 
 
 1504 John Gill 
 
 1536 WilliamRogers(2) 
 
 1565 
 
 Walter Flinton 
 
 1505 Alexander Whar- 
 
 1537 John Harrison 
 
 1566 
 
 John Thornton 
 
 ton, %cho died, 
 
 1538 John Brown 
 
 1567 
 
 Robert Dalton 
 
 and H. Mindram 
 
 ] 539 William Catherall 
 
 1568 
 
 Jas. Clarkson (2) 
 
 served 
 
 1540 Henry Thurcross 
 
 1569 
 
 Thos. Dalton (3) 
 
 1506 Hy. Mindram (3) 
 
 1541 Sir John Elland, 
 
 1570 Laurence Whar- 
 
 1507 Thos. Wilkinson 
 
 Knt. (4) 
 
 
 ton 
 
 1508 Robert Bushel 
 
 1542 Peter Mavis or 
 
 1571 
 
 ChristopherStock- 
 
 
 Macas 
 
 
 dale 
 
 Henry VIII. 
 
 1543 James Rogers 
 
 1572 
 
 John Smith (2) 
 
 
 1544 Alex. Stockdale 
 
 1573 
 
 William Gee (2) 
 
 1509 Edward Barron 
 
 1545 James Johnson(2) 
 
 1574 
 
 Wm. Williamson 
 
 1510 John Elland 
 
 1546 John Thacker 
 
 1575 
 
 Robert Gayton (2) 
 
 1511 Robert Harrison 
 
 
 1576 
 
 John Fairweather 
 
 1512 William William- 
 
 Edicard VI. 
 
 1577 
 
 John Thornton(2) 
 
 son 
 
 
 3 578 
 
 Jas. Clarkson (3) 
 
 1513 Edmund Risedale 
 
 1547 ThomasDalton(2) 
 
 1579 
 
 John Gregory 
 
 1514 George Mattison 
 
 1548 John Harrison (2) 
 
 1580 
 
 William Smith 
 
 1515 Thomas Hunting- 
 
 1549 Walter Jobson 
 
 1581 
 
 Ed ward Wakefield 
 
 don 
 
 1550 John Oversail 
 
 1582 
 
 William Gee (3)* 
 
 1516 Robert Bushel (2) 
 
 1551 Alexander Stock- 
 
 1583 John Smith (3) 
 
 1517 John Elland (2) 
 
 dale (2) 
 
 1584 William Wilson 
 
 * William Gee founded an Hospital in 
 
 Chapel-lane.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 231 
 
 i Leonard Wiston 
 158G Luke Thurcross 
 L587 William Bray 
 
 1588 Robert Dalton 
 
 1589 John Gregory 
 
 1590 William Smith 
 
 1591 Wm. Richardson 
 
 1592 Edward Wakefield 
 
 1593 Anthony Cole 
 
 1594 Robert Taylor 
 ] 595 John Lister 
 1590 John Chapman 
 
 1597 Edward Coke 
 
 1598 John Graves 
 
 1599 Anthony Burnsall 
 
 1600 Hugh Armin 
 
 1601 Marmaduke Had- 
 
 dlesey 
 
 1602 William Barnard 
 
 James I. 
 
 1603 Joseph Field 
 
 1604 Thos. Thackeray 
 
 1605 James Casson 
 
 1606 George Almond 
 
 1607 Thomas Swann 
 
 1608 Richard Burgess 
 
 1609 ChristopherChap- 
 man 
 
 1610 James Watkinson 
 
 1611 James Haddlesey 
 
 1612 John Lister (2) 
 
 1613 Nicholas Hansley 
 
 1614 Joseph Field (2) 
 
 1615 Barnard Smith 
 
 1616 Edward Richard- 
 
 son 
 
 1617 John Preston 
 
 1618 John Lister, jun. 
 
 1619 Lancelot Roper 
 
 1620 Thomas Ferris 
 
 1621 John Hall 
 
 1622 John Ramsden 
 1620 Jas. Watkinson (2) 
 
 1624 Thomas Thack- 
 
 eray (2) 
 
 Charles I. 
 
 1625 Thomas Swann* 
 
 1626 Bernard Smith (2) 
 
 1627 Robert Morton 
 
 1628 Henry Chambers 
 
 1629 Sir J. Lister (2)t 
 
 1630 Lancelot Roper (2) 
 
 1631 John Barnard 
 
 1632 Henry Barnard 
 
 1633 Thomas Raikes 
 
 1634 Nicholas Denman 
 
 1635 Martin Jefferson 
 
 1 636 Joseph Blaides 
 
 1637 John Ramsden (2) 
 
 1638 William Popple 
 
 1639 Robert Morton (2) 
 
 1640 John Barnard (2) 
 
 1641 Hy. Barnard (2) 
 
 1642 Thos. Raikes (2) 
 1043 Thos. Raikes (3) 
 
 1644 Nicholas Den- 
 
 man (2) 
 
 1645 John Chambers 
 
 1646 William Peck 
 
 1647 William Dobson 
 164S John Ramsden (2) 
 
 Commonwealth. 
 
 1649 Peregrine Pel- 
 
 ham J 
 
 1650 Francis Bewick § 
 
 * Thomas Swann died and left a great estate, which fell into the hands of strangers : 
 the heir-at-law was never discovered. 
 
 + Sir J. Lister founded and endowed an Hospital here, which still bears his name. 
 
 J Peregrine Pelliam was M.P. for Hull, and one of the Judges of Charles I. He 
 died during his mayoralty, and Thomas Raikes succeeded. 
 
 § In the year 1650 the following extraordinary letter was sent to the Corporation 
 of Hull :— 
 
 Gentlemen, — The Parliament takeing it into consideration, have thought to make the 
 order inclosed, and have thought fit to dispatch this order before your election he made. 
 
 Jko. Bradshaw, President, 
 
 Whitehall, Sept. 2oth, 1650. By order of the Council of Slate. 
 
 Indorsed — For the special service of the State. Tor the Mayor and Corporation of 
 
 the Town of Hull. Hast, Hast, Hast, Post Hast. Whitehall, Sept. 25th, at Nine 
 
 at night. 
 Resolved by Parliament, that Francis Dewick, Alderman of Kingston-upon-Hull, shall 
 
 be and hereby is nominated Mayor of ye said town for ye year next ensuing, with 
 
 all the authorities and privilidges belonging to ye Mayor of ye said town, in us 
 
 ample a manner as any other Mayor of ye said town may or ought to enjoy. That
 
 232 
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 1051 John Kay 
 
 1652 John Eogers 
 
 1653 Richard Wood 
 
 1654 Eobert Eipley 
 
 1655 William Maister 
 
 1656 Eobert Berrier 
 
 1657 William Foxley 
 
 1658 Wm. Dobson (2) 
 
 1659 William Eamsden 
 
 1660 Christopher Eich- 
 
 ardson 
 
 Charles II. (Restored.) 
 
 1661 George Crowle* 
 
 1662 Eichard Wilson 
 
 1663 Eichard Bobinson 
 
 1664 William Skinner 
 
 1665 Eobert Bloom 
 1600 Bicbard Frank 
 1667 Anthony Lambert 
 1608 Humphrey Dun- 
 calf 
 
 1669 John Tripp 
 
 1670 George Acklam 
 
 1071 Eobert Berrier (2) 
 
 1072 Tbomas Johnson 
 
 1073 John Eogers 
 
 1674 Daniel Hoar 
 
 1675 William Shires 
 
 1676 Wm. Foxley (2) 
 
 1677 Henry Maister 
 
 1678 C.Eichardson(2) 
 
 1679 George Crowle (2) 
 
 1680 Simon Sisson 
 
 1081 Eobert Mason 
 
 1082 Joseph Ellis, who 
 
 died, and An- 
 thony Lambert 
 served 
 
 1083 Francis Delacamp 
 
 1084 John Field 
 
 James II. 
 
 1685 John Forcett 
 
 1686 Philip Wilkinson 
 
 1687 Eobert Carlisle* 
 
 1688 F. Delacamp (3)+ 
 
 William and Mary. 
 
 1689 Eobert Trippet 
 
 1690 Anthony Iveson 
 ] 691 Eichard Gray 
 1692 George Bacchus 
 1093 Eichard Ellis 
 
 1694 Henry Maister(2) 
 
 1695 Simon Sisson (2) 
 
 1696 Eobert Mason 
 
 1697 Eobert Nettleson 
 
 1698 William Mould 
 
 1699 Sir William St. 
 
 Quiii ton, Bart. 
 
 1700 Daniel Hoar (3) 
 
 1701 P. Wilkinson (2) 
 
 Anne. 
 
 1702 Eobt. Carlisle (2) 
 
 1703 William Hydes 
 
 1704 Samuel Boyse 
 
 1705 Eobt. Trippet (2) 
 
 1706 Eichard Gray (2) 
 
 1707 Erasmus Darwin 
 
 1708 Andrew Perrot 
 
 1709 William Fen wick 
 
 1710 Towers Wallis 
 
 1711 John Somerscales 
 
 1712 Benjamin Ward 
 
 1713 John Collings 
 
 George I. 
 
 1714 Wm. Mould (2) 
 
 1715 Sir W. St. Quin- 
 
 ton (2) 
 
 1716 Leonard Collings 
 
 1717 William Cogan 
 
 1718 Samuel Boyse (2) 
 
 1719 Johanan Beilby 
 
 1720 Erasmus Dar- 
 
 win (2) 
 
 1721 Andrew Perrot (2) 
 
 1722 Wm. Wilberforce 
 
 1723 George Green 
 
 1724 William Asbmole 
 
 1725 John Somer- 
 
 scales (2) 
 
 1726 John Collings (2) 
 
 the Parliament declares that this being done at tbis time, sball not be in prejudice 
 
 to the charter of the said town of Kingston-upon-Hull for the future, or drawn into 
 
 a precedent to the disadvantage of the said town. 
 
 Henry Scobell, Clerk of Parliament. 
 Accordingly on 30th September, Francis Dewick was appointed Mayor, by Order of 
 
 Parliament. 
 
 * George Crowle founded an Hospital here, which bears the name of the founder. 
 
 + Robert Carlisle was discharged by the King, who appointed William Hays, but 
 soon after discharged him, and appointed Daniel Hoar. 
 
 \ Francis Delacamp and Samuel Boyse were chosen but not sworn, for the King 
 ordered Daniel Hoar and John Blanchard to continue in office another year.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-Ui'ON-HULL. 
 
 233 
 
 George II. 
 
 1758 Henry Ethering- 
 
 1788 Benj. Blaydes (2) 
 
 
 ton (2) 
 
 1789 John Banks 
 
 1727 Wm. Fenwick (2) 
 
 1759 John Wood (2) 
 
 1790 Ralph Darling (2) 
 
 1728 Thomas Scott 
 
 
 1791 B. B. Thomp- 
 
 1729 Leonard Col- 
 
 George III. 
 
 son (2) 
 
 lings (2) 
 
 
 1792 John Sykes 
 
 1730 Rd. Williamson 
 
 1760 Richard Bell 
 
 1793 John Wray 
 
 1731 Samuel Watson 
 
 1761 Joseph Sykes 
 
 1794 Wm. W. Boulton 
 
 1732 John Monckton 
 
 1762 Charles Pool 
 
 1795 Samuel Standidge 
 
 1733 Joseph Lasenby 
 
 1763 Christopher Scott 
 
 1796 Wm.Osbourne(2) 
 
 1734 William Mowld 
 
 1764 Thomas Mowld 
 
 1797 John Banks (2) 
 
 1735 William Cornwall 
 
 1765 John Booth 
 
 died and John 
 
 1736 Wm. Cogaa (2)* 
 
 1766 Frans. Pryme (2) 
 
 Sykes ^succee- 
 
 1737 Christopher He- 
 
 1767 GeorgeThompson 
 
 ded 
 
 ron 
 
 (2), died in his 
 
 1798 Joseph Egginton 
 
 1738 Andrew Perrott 
 
 mayoralty, and 
 
 1799 John Bateman 
 
 1739 JohananBeilby(2) 
 
 R. Bell served 
 
 1800 William Jarratt 
 
 1740 William Wilber- 
 
 the remainder of 
 
 1801 E. F. Coulson 
 
 force (2) 
 
 the time 
 
 1802 W.W.Bolton (2) 
 
 1741 John Porter 
 
 1768 John Melling 
 
 1803 John Wray (2) 
 
 1742 James Shaw 
 
 1769 Henry Ethering- 
 
 1804 Joseph Egginton 
 
 1743 William Ashmole, 
 
 ton 
 
 1805 Wm. Jarratt (2; 
 
 who died, and 
 
 ] 770 John Porter 
 
 1806 R. W. Moxon 
 
 Andrew Perrott 
 
 1771 Benjamin Blaydes 
 
 1807 Nicholas Sykes 
 
 served 
 
 1772 John Mace 
 
 1808 A. Hollingworth 
 
 1744 John Froggatt 
 
 1773 Richard Bell (3) 
 
 1809 E. F. Coulson (2) 
 
 1745 William Cookson 
 
 1774 Ralph Darling 
 
 1810 R. W. Moxon (2) 
 
 1746 Josiah Robinson 
 
 1775 Joseph Outram 
 
 1811 Geo. Schonswar 
 
 1 747 Hy. Etherington 
 
 1776 Charles Pool (2) 
 
 1812 A. Hollingworth. 
 
 1748 John Wood 
 
 1777 Joseph Sykes (2) 
 
 He died, and J. 
 
 1749 Francis de la 
 
 1778 Chris. Scott (2) 
 
 Wray icas elected 
 
 Pryme 
 
 1779 B. B. Thompson 
 
 1813 John Carrick 
 
 1750 Thomas Scott (2) 
 
 1780 Edmund Bram- 
 
 1814 William Hall 
 
 1751 Saml. Watson (2) 
 
 ston 
 
 1815 Chris. Bolton (2) 
 
 1752 C. Heron (2) 
 
 1781 Edward Coulson 
 
 1816 N. Sykes (2) 
 
 1753 Geo. Thompson 
 
 1782 John Booth (2) 
 
 1817 G. Schonswar (2) 
 
 1754 AndrewPerrott(3) 
 
 1783 John Melling (2) 
 
 1818 William Hall (2) 
 
 1755 John Porter, who 
 
 1784 Henry Broadley 
 
 1819 John Carrick (2) 
 
 died, and James 
 
 1785 Sir Henry Ether- 
 
 
 Shaw was chosen 
 
 rington (2) 
 
 George IV. 
 
 1756 William Hall 
 
 1786 William Osbourne 
 
 
 1757 Wm. Cookson (2) 
 
 1787 John Porter (2) 
 
 1820 H Thompson 
 
 * William Coggan, Coggin, or Cogan, founded the Girls' School in Salthouse-lane, 
 
 2 H
 
 234 
 
 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 1821 Charles Whitaker 
 
 1806 BoswellMiddleton 
 
 1849 Thomas William 
 
 1822 Chris. Bolton (2) 
 
 Jalland (elected 
 
 Palmer 
 
 1823 C. Whitaker (2) 
 
 November 9th) 
 
 1850 Do. (2) 
 
 1824 W. W. Bolton (3) 
 
 
 1851 AnthonyBannister 
 
 1825 George Coulson 
 
 Victoria I. 
 
 1852 Henry Blundell 
 
 1826 W. Jarratt (3) 
 
 
 1853 Henry Cooper 
 
 1827 Avison Terry 
 
 1837 George Cookman 
 
 1854 Sir Henry Cooper, 
 
 1828 Geo. Coulson (2) 
 
 1838 Do. (2) 
 
 Knt. (2) 
 
 1829 Avison Terry (2) 
 
 1839 Wm. Lowthrop 
 
 1855 A. Bannister (2) 
 
 
 1840 M. Chalmers 
 
 1856 William H. Moss 
 
 William IV. 
 
 1841 Thos. Thompson 
 
 1857 T. Thompson (2) 
 
 
 1842 John Atkinson 
 
 1858 Martin Samuel- 
 
 1830 William Hall (3) 
 
 1843 William Baldwin 
 
 son 
 
 1831 Eobert Baikes 
 
 Car rick 
 
 1859 Zachariah Charles 
 
 1832 John Barkworth 
 
 1844 Joseph Jones 
 
 Pearson 
 
 1833 T. B. Locke 
 
 1845 John Gresham 
 
 I860 William Hodge 
 
 1834 Edward Gibson 
 
 1846 B. M. Jalland (2) 
 
 1861 Z. C.Pearson (2)t 
 
 1835 John C. Parker* 
 
 1847 John Lee Smith 
 
 1862 William Henry 
 
 (elected Jan. 1st) 
 
 1848 Do. (2) 
 
 Moss (2) 
 
 (From the 
 Henry VI. 
 
 1439 John Spencer 
 
 1440 Bichard Hanson 
 
 1441 Eobert Awnswell 
 
 1442 John Garton 
 
 1443 William Procter 
 
 1444 Nicholas Ellis 
 3445 John Dares 
 1446 Thomas Farley 
 
 Sheriffs. 
 
 u 
 period of the Sheriff's Office 
 
 1447 John Notherby 
 
 1448 Bichard Bill 
 
 1449 John Hillert 
 
 1450 Nicholas Stubbs 
 
 1451 Bichard Flinton 
 
 1452 Thos. Patrington 
 
 1453 Edwd.Coppindale 
 
 1454 John Green 
 
 1455 John Swann 
 
 1456 Thomas Eaton 
 
 being instituted.) 
 
 3457 Thos. Hawthorne 
 
 1458 William Elland 
 
 1459 Bichard Hill 
 
 1460 Eobert Sanderson 
 
 Edward IV. 
 
 1461 Eoger Bushel 
 
 1462 John Haddlesley 
 
 1463 John Day 
 
 * Under the provisions of the Municipal Corporation Act, the Beformed Corpora- 
 tion elected" their first Mayor (J. C. Parker) on the 1st of January, 18:16; and as the 
 9th of November in each year is the day appointed by the Act for the election of every 
 succeeding Mayor, he resigned the office to his successor on the 9th of November in 
 the same year. 
 
 + Mr. Z. C. Pearson having become involved in financial difficulties which resulted 
 in bankruptcy, resigned his offices of Chief magistrate and Alderman of the borough, 
 on the 2nd of October, 1862; and Mr. Alderman William Hodge was, on the 7th of 
 the same month, elected to, and filled the office of Mayor until the 9th of November 
 next following.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 935 
 
 1 KM Robt.Rimmington 
 U65 John Whitfield 
 1400 Wm. Brompton 
 
 1407 William Baron 
 
 1408 Thomas Alcock 
 
 1409 John Kichards 
 
 1470 Kobert Marshall 
 
 1471 Robert Alcock 
 
 1472 Thomas Wood 
 
 1473 Ralph Langton 
 
 1474 Richard Bur don 
 
 1475 Robert Fisher 
 1470 Robert Scales 
 
 1477 Thomas Phillips 
 
 1478 Robert Chapman 
 
 1479 Richard Doughty 
 
 1480 Jas. Thudlington 
 
 1481 Robert Flinton 
 
 1482 John Dalton 
 
 Richard III. 
 
 1483 Bart. Philpot 
 
 1484 Thomas Dalton 
 
 Henry VII. 
 
 1485 Laurence Swat- 
 
 terwick 
 
 1486 John Wilson 
 
 1487 Thomas Wickliffe 
 .1488 Thomas Bridges 
 
 1489 Robert Hoole 
 
 1490 Henry Mindram 
 
 1491 John Spicer 
 
 1492 Thomas Andrews 
 
 1493 Wm.Goodknap 
 
 1494 Edward Baron 
 
 1495 Thomas Cook 
 
 1496 Edward Greenby 
 
 1497 Thos. Gooseman 
 
 1498 Wm.Monckton 
 
 1499 Thomas Gill 
 
 1500 Robert Garner 
 
 1501 Thos. Wilkinson 
 
 1502 Thomas Powis 
 
 1503 Alex. Wharton 
 
 1504 Robert Bushel 
 
 1505 William Taylor 
 
 1506 John Elian d 
 
 1 507 Robert Harrison 
 
 1508 Wm." Williamson 
 
 Henry VIII. 
 
 1509 Edmund Risedale 
 
 1510 George Mattison 
 
 1511 Thos Huntington 
 
 1512 John Langton 
 
 1513 Robert Hampson 
 
 1514 Edward Mattison 
 
 1515 John Harrison 
 1510 Stephen Clare 
 
 1517 JefFery Thruscross 
 
 1518 Robert Parker 
 
 1519 Thos. Thompson 
 
 1520 Wm. Goodknap 
 
 1521 William Knowles 
 
 1522 Richard Dean 
 
 1 523 Thomas Dalton 
 
 1524 William Rogers 
 
 1525 Richard Meekley 
 
 1526 William Swailes 
 
 1527 Richard Swale 
 
 1528 John Davy 
 
 1529 James Johnson 
 
 1530 Wm. Robinson 
 
 1531 Jehn Harrison 
 
 1532 John Brown 
 
 1533 William Catherall 
 
 1534 Hugh Oversall 
 
 1535 Peter Mavis or 
 
 Macas 
 
 1536 William Clark 
 
 1537 William Gee 
 
 1538 James Rogers 
 
 1539 Henry Dingley 
 
 1540 Alex. Stockdalo 
 
 1541 John Thacker 
 
 1542 Richard Taylor 
 
 1543 John Knowles 
 
 1544 William Almond 
 
 1545 Walter Jobson 
 
 1546 John Oversail 
 
 Edward VI. 
 
 1547 William Johnson 
 
 1548 John Thorpe 
 
 1549 William Angle 
 
 1550 Thomas Dalton 
 
 1551 Walter Flinton 
 
 1552 James Stockdale 
 
 Philip and Mary. 
 
 1553 Hugh Hall 
 
 1554 William Dingley 
 
 1555 James Clarkson 
 
 1556 George Shares 
 
 1557 Edward Dalton 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 1558 LaurenceWharton 
 
 1559 Francis Thorpe 
 
 1560 William Gee 
 
 1561 John Smith 
 
 1562 Robert Armin 
 
 1563 John Bever 
 
 1564 William Barker 
 
 1565 Robert Naylor 
 1500 Thomas Dowley 
 1567 John Gregory 
 
 1508 William Wilson 
 
 1509 John Rim mington 
 
 1570 William Smith 
 
 1571 John Fairweather 
 
 1572 William Scearth 
 
 1573 John Hardcastle 
 
 1574 Thomas Arnelson 
 
 1575 John Logan
 
 236 
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 1570 John Clerke 
 
 1577 John Whelpdaile 
 
 1578 EdwardWakefield 
 
 1579 Edward Preston 
 
 1580 Robert Legard 
 
 1581 Leonard Wiston 
 
 1582 William Bray 
 
 1583 Robert Taylor 
 
 1584 Robert Dalton 
 
 1585 Wm. Richardson 
 1580 John Lyme 
 
 1587 Richard Read 
 
 1588 Anthony Colt 
 
 1589 Edward Cock 
 
 1590 John Lister 
 
 1591 John Chapman 
 
 1592 Anthony Burnsall 
 
 1593 James Haddlesey 
 
 1594 Marmaduke Had- 
 
 dlesey 
 
 1595 John Graves 
 159G Hugh Armin 
 
 1597 George Almond 
 
 1598 William Barnard 
 
 1599 Robert Spencer 
 1G00 Joseph Field 
 
 1601 Thos. Thackeray 
 
 1602 ChristopherChap- 
 
 man 
 
 James I. 
 
 1603 James Casson 
 
 1604 James Watkinson 
 
 1605 Thomas Swann 
 
 1606 Richard Burgess 
 
 1607 Nicholas Hansley 
 
 1608 John Hall 
 
 1609 Barnard Smith 
 
 1610 John Preston 
 
 1611 Edward Richard- 
 
 son 
 
 1612 Lancelot Roper 
 1013 Robert Chapman 
 
 1614 Thomas Ferris 1649 
 
 1615 William Dobson 1650 
 1610 John Ramsden 1651 
 
 1617 John White 1652 
 
 1618 Robert Morton 1653 
 1019 James Watkinson 1054 
 1620 Henry Chambers 1655 
 1021 Thomas Raikes 
 1622 Joseph Blaides 1656 
 1023 Martin Jefferson 1057 
 1624 John Barnard 1658 
 
 1659 
 
 Charles I. 1660 
 
 1025 Cuthbert Thomp- 
 son 
 
 1626 William Popple 1661 
 
 1627 Coniston Wright- 1602 
 
 inton 1663 
 
 1628 Nicholas Denman 
 
 1629 Robert Raikes 1664 
 
 1630 Henry Barnard 1065 
 
 1631 Alexander Swann 1000 
 
 1632 John Chambers 1667 
 
 1033 Leonard Barnard 1608 
 
 1034 William Peck 1009 
 
 1035 Robert Cartwright 1070 
 1630 Peregrine Pelham 1071 
 
 1637 William Crew 1672 
 
 1638 William Dobson 1673 
 
 1639 Richard Parkins 1674 
 
 1640 Robert Berrier 1075 
 
 1041 John Rogers 1076 
 
 1042 Richard Wood 1677 
 1643 Robert Ripley 1078 
 
 1044 John Ramsden 1079 
 
 1045 William Maister 1080 
 
 1046 Francis Dewick 1681 
 
 1047 Robert Robinson 1082 
 
 1048 John Kay 1083 
 
 Commonwealth. 
 
 John Rawson 
 Henry Metcalf 
 William Raikes 
 Richard Vevers 
 Richard Robinson 
 Richard Wilson 
 Christopher Rich- 
 ardson 
 
 William Ramsden 
 George Crowle 
 Edmund Popple 
 John Tripp 
 Robert Lambert 
 
 Charles II. (restored) 
 
 Philip Wilkinson 
 Henry Cock* 
 Humphrey Dun- 
 calf 
 William Shires 
 John Pearson 
 George Acklam 
 Thos. Lockwood 
 William Carlton 
 Edward Dobson 
 John Forcett 
 Richard Mann 
 Francis Blunt 
 Arthur Saltmarsh 
 Israel Popple 
 Robert Mason 
 Hugh Foddle 
 Mark Kirby 
 Francis Delacamp 
 Anthony Iveson 
 Matthew Johnson 
 Lionel Buckle 
 William Robin son 
 William Catline 
 
 * Henry Cock (Sheriff) was fined ;£10. for residing out of town.
 
 ITISTOKY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 287 
 
 1084 Robert Nettleton 
 
 James II. 
 
 1085 Richard Gray 
 108G Richard Ellis 
 
 1087 John Blanchard 
 
 1088 Samuel Boyse 
 
 William and Mary. 
 
 1089 William Idell 
 
 1090 William Hall 
 
 1091 John Collings 
 
 1092 Thomas Harrison 
 
 1093 Edmund Duncalf 
 
 1094 John Lindall 
 
 1095 Martin Raspin 
 1090 Towers Wallis 
 
 1097 John Chapelow 
 
 1098 John Thornton 
 
 1099 William Maister 
 
 1700 John Somerscales 
 
 1701 Andrew Perrot 
 
 Anne. 
 
 ]715 John Wood 
 1710 William Winspear 
 
 1717 Chris. Bailes 
 
 1718 William Ashmole 
 
 1719 John Monckton 
 720 Josiah Robinson 
 
 1721 Thomas Bridges 
 
 1722 William Mantle, 
 
 who died, and 
 Richard Willi- 
 amson succeeded 
 
 1723 George Healey 
 
 1724 John Wright 
 
 1725 Tristram Carlisle 
 
 1720 Thomas Ryles 
 
 George II. 
 
 1727 Joseph Lasenhy 
 
 1728 John Froggett 
 
 1729 Henry Maister 
 
 1730 James Milnes 
 
 1731 William Mowld 
 
 1732 ChristopherHeron 
 
 1733 James Bee 
 
 1734 John Ferrand 
 
 1735 Henry Lee 
 
 1702 Benjamin Blaydes 
 
 1 730 Andrew Perrott 
 
 3 703 Thomas Clark 
 
 1737 John Porter 
 
 1704 Benjamin Ward 
 
 1738 David Field 
 
 1705 John Porver 
 
 1739 James Shaw 
 
 1700 Laurence Robin- 
 
 1740 Richard Sykes 
 
 son 
 
 1741 William Cookson 
 
 1707 George Green 
 
 1742 Hen. Etherington 
 
 1708 John Beatniffe 
 
 1743 John Wood 
 
 1709 RichardBeaumont 
 
 1744 Charles Pool 
 
 1710 Joseph Green 
 
 1745 Francis de la 
 
 1711 John Maddison 
 
 Pryme 
 
 1712 Philip Wilkinson 
 
 1740 John Fallowfield 
 
 1713 Thomas Scott 
 
 1747 Walter Edge 
 
 
 1 748 John Booth 
 
 George I. 
 
 1749 Geo. Thompson 
 
 
 1750 Christopher Scott 
 
 1714 William Cogan 
 
 1751 Francis Beilby 
 
 1752 Thomas Mowld 
 
 1753 William Hall 
 
 1754 Joseph Sykes 
 
 1755 Joseph Thompson 
 1750 John Stephenson 
 
 1757 Richard Bell 
 
 1758 Henry Ethering- 
 
 ton, jun. 
 
 1759 John Porter 
 
 George III. 
 
 1700 John Mace 
 
 1701 Joseph Williamson 
 
 1702 Marmaduke Nel- 
 
 son 
 
 1703 John Melling 
 
 1704 William Boulton 
 
 1705 Joshua Berry 
 1700 Thos. Williamson 
 
 1707 B.B.Thompson 
 
 1708 Benjamin Blaydes 
 
 1709 John Banks 
 
 1770 Stephen Bramston 
 
 1771 Joseph Outram 
 
 1772 William King 
 
 1773 Caius Thompson 
 
 1774 Henry Horner 
 
 1 775 Samuel Standidge 
 1770 Edward Coulson 
 
 1777 Henry Broadley 
 
 1778 Edmund Bram- 
 
 ston 
 
 1779 Wm. Osbourne 
 
 1780 Joshua Haworth 
 
 1781 Richard Moxon 
 
 1782 John Bromby 
 
 1783 Thomas Walton 
 
 1784 John Voase 
 
 1785 James Smith, iv ho 
 
 died, and Wm. 
 
 Hammond served 
 1780 Francis Bine 
 1787 Robt. Schonswar
 
 238 
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 1788 John Harneis 
 
 1810 George Coulson 
 
 1838 Joseph Jones 
 
 1789 John Sykes 
 
 1817 William Yoase 
 
 1839 William Holmes 
 
 1 790 John Wray 
 
 1818 Charles Whitaker 
 
 1840 William Kennedy 
 
 1791 Samuel Bean 
 
 1819 T. B. Locke 
 
 1841 Samuel Wester- 
 
 1792 William "Watson 
 
 
 dale 
 
 Bolton 
 
 George IV. 
 
 1842 William Empson 
 
 1793 Joseph Egginton 
 
 
 Jalland 
 
 1794 John Bateman 
 
 1820 Caius Thompson 
 
 1843 John Petchell 
 
 1795 Francis Hall 
 
 1821 E. M. Craven 
 
 1844 Robert Harrison 
 
 1796 Thomas Walton 
 
 1822 John Barkworth 
 
 1845 Christopher Ring- 
 
 1797 Andrew Holling- 
 
 1823 Francis Hall 
 
 rose 
 
 worth 
 
 1824 Edward Gibson 
 
 1846 John Lee Smith 
 
 1798 Benj.Blaydes.jun. 
 
 1825 Thomas Firbank 
 
 1847 John Malam 
 
 1799 William Jarratt 
 
 1826 S. T. Hassell 
 
 1848 John G. Fearne 
 
 1800 E. F. Coulson 
 
 1827 Robert Raikes 
 
 1849 Anthony Bannister 
 
 1801 Thos. Osbourne 
 
 1828 Thos. W. Gleadow 
 
 1850 Ditto 
 
 1802 B. B. Haworth 
 
 1829 J. K. Watson 
 
 1851 J. C. M. Harrison 
 
 1803 Nicholas Sykes 
 
 
 1852 William Pearson 
 
 1804 R. W. Moxon 
 
 William IV. 
 
 Hunt 
 
 1805 Thos. Thompson 
 
 
 1853 Charles Liddell 
 
 1806 Henry Schonswar 
 
 1830 W. H. Barkworth 
 
 1854 Joseph Gee 
 
 1807 Henry Thompson 
 
 1831 J. B. Briggs 
 
 1855 John Skilbeck 
 
 1808 Geo. Schonswar 
 
 1832 Henry Broadley 
 
 1856 Charles S. Todd 
 
 1809 William Hall 
 
 1833 J. S. Egginton 
 
 1857 Martin Samuelson 
 
 1810 John Carrick 
 
 18:34 John Egginton 
 
 1858 Z. C. Pearson 
 
 1811 William Moxon 
 
 1835 Thos. Newmarch 
 
 1859 William Hodge 
 
 1812 Christopher Bol- 
 
 1836 Joseph Sykes 
 
 1860 Edward Dannatt 
 
 ton 
 
 
 1861 John Thomas Dob 
 
 1813 Avison Terry 
 
 Victoria I. 
 
 son 
 
 1814 John Moxon 
 
 
 1862 Thomas Jackson 
 
 1815 William Bourne 
 
 1837 Wm. Stephenson 
 
 
 Cflrptfntiimi, or foot™ Council of % ^axanffy, 
 
 1863. 
 
 The Eight Worshipful the Mayor — William Henry Moss, Esq. 
 
 Aldermen. — William Henry Moss, Anthony Bannister, Thomas Thomp- 
 son, Martin Samuelson, William Batchelor Brownlow, William Hodge, John 
 Gresham, John Fountain, Thomas Abbey, Thomas Witty, John Mayfield, 
 Thomas Jackson, George Ellison, and Tercival Lambert, Esqrs.
 
 HISTORY OF KJNGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 230 
 
 John Henry Atkinson 
 William Balk 
 James Beeton 
 John Bellamy 
 Benjamin Boulter 
 Henry Briggs 
 William Fox Chapman 
 Michl. Wrangles Clarke 
 Henry Croft 
 John Dawson 
 William Denison 
 William Thomas Dibb 
 William Dowsing 
 James Hallett 
 George Harrison 
 
 COUNCILLORS. 
 
 Thomas Richardson 
 Humphrey 
 
 William Drant 
 
 Charles Stewart Eccles 
 
 Henry Moorhouse Ellis 
 
 William Field 
 
 William Galloway 
 
 Charles Kichard Lam- 
 bert 
 
 Henry Lambert 
 
 George Reckitt 
 
 John Richardson 
 
 George Christopher Ro- 
 berts 
 
 James Story 
 
 Francis Summers 
 Robert Jameson 
 William Richard Todd 
 Thomas Larard 
 John Loft 
 John Lumsdcn 
 Angus Macmillan 
 John Merriman 
 Simeon Moseley 
 Thomas Toogood 
 Robert Waller 
 Samuel Standidge Walton 
 Charles Wells 
 George Wilkinson 
 Henry Wilson 
 
 CHIEF OFFICERS OF THE CORPORATION. 
 Recorder — Samuel Warren, Esq., Q.C., D.C.L., F.R.S. Deputy Recorder — 
 T. P. E. Thompson, Esq. Sheriff— Thomas Jackson, Esq. Town Clerk — 
 Robert Wells, Esq. Clerk of the Peace — Richard Champney, jun, Esq. 
 Borough Treasurer — William Bolton, Esq. Clerk to the Local Board of 
 Health — Charles Spilman Todd, Esq. Coroner — J. J. Thorney, Esq. Chief 
 Constable — Mr. Andrew Mac Manus. Surveyor to the Local Board of Health 
 — Mr. J. Fox Sharp. Corporation Surveyor — Mr. David Thorp. — Governor 
 of the Gaol — Captain Neil. Engineer of Waterworks — Mr. Thomas Dale. 
 
 Borough Magistrates. — John Beadle, Henry Blundell, Thomas Thomp- 
 son, Robert Blyth, William B. Cavrick, Sir Henry Cooper, Knt., M.D., John 
 Egginton, Boswell M. Jalland, Thomas W. Palmer, John Lee Smith, Edmund 
 Smith, Thomas Ward, Thomas Firbank, John Gresham, and Joseph Walker 
 Pease, Esqrs. The Mayor and late Mayor are ex officio Justices of the Peace. 
 
 Stipendiary Police Magistrate — Thomas Henry Travis, Esq. Clerk to the 
 Magistrates — Charles Edward Ayre, Esq. Interpreter — Mr. Julius Jacobsen, 
 Phi. Dr. 
 
 Judge of the County and Bankruptcy Courts. — William Raines, Esq. 
 
 The Arms of Hull, or the court armour borne by the Corporation 
 of the Borough, are Azure, three coronets in Pale, Or. 
 
 Mems. — S. Warren, Esq., the learned Recorder of the borough, 
 is son of the Rev. Samuel Warren, LL.D., Incumbent of All 
 Souls, Manchester, a native of Norfolk. He was born near Wrex- 
 ham, Denbighshire, in 1807 ; educated at Edinburgh University,
 
 340 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 where he gained, in his first year, the prize for poetry, and one for 
 an Essay on Comparative Jurisprudence. In 1828 he entered as 
 a student at the Inner Temple; and he practised as a special pleader 
 from 1831 till 1837, when he was called to the bar. He was elected 
 F.R.S. in 1835. In 1851 he became a Queen's Counsel; and on 
 the installation of the Earl of Derby at Oxford, in 1853, he was made 
 D.C.L. In 1856 he entered parliament as the representative of 
 Midhurst, and he sat for that borough until 1858, when he became a 
 Master in Lunacy. In politics he is a Conservative, strongly in fa- 
 vour of law and social reform. Our Recorder has written some very 
 popular works. His " Diary of a late Physician " was commenced 
 when its author had just completed his 22nd year. A few years 
 later his " Ten Thousand a Year " appeared, and later still, " Now 
 and Then." They have all had very large sales, both at home and 
 abroad, and have been translated into almost all the lauguages of 
 Europe. Besides his works of fiction, Mr. "Warren is the author 
 of some standard works on jurisprudence, including "A Popular 
 and Practical Introduction to Law Studies," the third edition of 
 which has lately appeared. Mr. Warren took his seat in the Ses- 
 sions Court, as Recorder of Hull, for the first time, on the 14th of 
 October, 1852. 
 
 Thomas Thompson, Esq., the ex-Town Clerk, filled that office 
 for upwards of 21 years, and resigned it through ill health in 1858. 
 In the Town Hall is a portrait of this gentleman, by G. P. Green, 
 which was painted by subscription, and presented by the Town 
 Council, as the inscription on the picture expresses it, " as a mark of 
 esteem and respect for him, and a testimonial of high appreciation 
 of his long and valuable services to the Corporation of the town." 
 The presentation took place in the Council Chamber, on the 17th of 
 October, 1800 (at a luncheon at which Mr. Alderman Moss presided), 
 and the picture was, at the same time handed over to the town, to 
 be hung in one of the apartments of the Mansion House, where Mr. 
 Thompson, for so long, had usefully laboured. The ex-Town Clerk, 
 who, by the way, is remarkable for his wit and learning, is the son 
 of the late Benjamin Blaydes Thompson, Esq., of East Dale, near 
 Hull, and a lineal descendant of the father of the incorruptible and 
 patriotic member for Hull, Andrew Marvel. Anne, one of the sisters
 
 HISTORY OK KINOSTON-Ul'ON-llUI.T,. 241 
 
 of the latter, married James Blaydes, Esq., from whom the subject 
 of this brief notice is descended ; as also B. B. Haworth, Esq., and 
 Lieutenant-Colonel J. W. Pease. 
 
 William Bolton, Esq., the Borough Treasurer, has just (Sept. 
 1863) completed his 42nd year in his present office under the Cor- 
 poration. Previous to the passing of the Municipal Corporation 
 Act, the office which Mr. Bolton holds was designated the " Town's 
 Husband" or "Common Officer;" but his duties were the same 
 then as they are now, viz., to keep the accounts of the Corporation, 
 to receive the income of that body, and make its payments, and to 
 keep possession of the leases belonging to the Corporation. 
 
 John H. Galloway, Esq. the late Clerk of the Peace, filled that 
 office for 20 years, and died April 18th, 1857, aged 57 years. 
 
 T. H. Travis, Esq., was appointed to the important office of Police 
 Magistrate in the latter part of the year 1856. 
 
 After having been Clerk to the Magistrates for about 27 years, 
 William Ay re, Esq. (father of the present Clerk) died on the 1st of 
 May, 1863, aged 63 years. 
 
 The Interpreter is an important and very necessary officer in the 
 Police Court, and the public are much indebted to Mr. Travis for 
 inducing the Town Council to employ a good linguist to the office. 
 Before a regular interpreter was appointed, those who had business 
 to transact in the Police Court, in cases in which foreigners were 
 concerned, were generally victimised in various ways by the un- 
 principled persons who hung about the purlieus of the court, and 
 were occasionally employed as interpreters ; and through the kna- 
 very of those persons the ends of justice were frequently defeated. 
 Doctor Julius Jacobsen, the Interpreter to the court, is a native of 
 Aalborg, and is intimately acquainted with most of the European 
 languages. The high estimation in which he is held is instanced 
 by the fact that several testimonials have been publicly presented 
 to him. From Mr. Travis (the Stipendary Magistrate) he has on 
 frequent occasions received a number of choice and valuable linguistic 
 works, as tokens of sincere respect and esteem. In January, 1861, 
 an association of linguists, which then existed in the town, presented 
 him with a silver medal as a mark of their appreciation of the man- 
 ner in which he discharged the public duties which devolved upon
 
 242 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 him. The medal, which bears a suitable inscription on one side, 
 and the arms of Hull on the reverse, was presented through Mr. 
 Travis in open court. In the present year be received a beautiful 
 gold watch, accompanied by a memorial signed by several gentle- 
 men of the Town Council and others. This gift, too, was presented 
 through Mr. Travis, at the Police Court, in very flattering terms. 
 The watch is thus inscribed : — " Presented to Dr. Jacobsen, Inter- 
 preter at the Hull Police Court and Her Majesty's Customs, by 
 members of the Hull Town Council and other Friends, as a mark 
 of esteem, March 2nd, 1863." There are above 2,000 resident 
 foreigners in Hull, and there are at all times a number of foreign 
 sailors in tbe port ; hence the necessity for a competent Interpreter. 
 
 High Stewards. — Tbe following names are recorded as High 
 Stewards of the Borough. 1583, Sir Francis Walsingham. 1590, 
 Sir Thomas Heneage. He was buried in old St. Paul's, London. 
 1590, Sir Robert Cecil, afterwards Earl of Salisbury. 1612, 
 Thomas, Lord Ellesmere. 1626, George Abbot, Archbishop of 
 Canterbury. 1633, Lord Coventry, Viscount Aylesbury. 1639, 
 Earl of Strafford. 1661, George Monk, Duke of Albemarle. 1670, 
 Lord Bellasis. 1673, Duke of Monmouth. 1682, Earl of Ply- 
 mouth. 1688, Lord Dover. 1689, Earl of Kingston. 1691, 
 Marquis of Carmarthen. Tbe office was vacant from the death 
 of the latter nobleman, in 1712, until the year 1766, when the 
 Marquis of Buckingham was appointed. 1786, Duke of Leeds, 
 afterwards Marquis of Carmarthen. 1799, Earl Fitzwilliam. 
 1835, Earl of Durham. 1840, Marquis of Normanby. 1863, 
 Earl De Grey and Bipon.* 
 
 Tbe last mentioned distinguished nobleman (who, as Viscount 
 
 * The dignity of Lord High Steward of Kingston-upon-Hull was formerly of great 
 importance, but now, owing to municipal and other reforms, the office is little more 
 than honorary. The High Steward is chosen by the Town Couneil petitioning the 
 Sovereign to bestow the dignity upon some nobleman known to take an interest in 
 the town's welfare. The High Steward, according to the charter, must be a Privy 
 Councillor, and his duty, in virtue of his Stewardship, is to present such addresses to 
 the reigning Monarch as the Corporation may adopt, and to watch over the interests 
 of the borough in the Privy Council. It may here be observed that of the noblemen 
 who held the office of High Steward of Hull, six have been Prime Ministers; two, 
 Lord Chancellors ; one, Archbishop of Canterbury ; and five, Secretaries of State,
 
 HISTORY OF KINOSTON-UPON-HULL. 248 
 
 Goderich, formerly represented Hull in parliament, and is at present 
 Secretary of State for War) having accepted " the ancient and hon- 
 ourable office of High Steward of the town " (See p. 218), the Cor- 
 poration, on the 3rd of September (1863) resolved unanimously to 
 invite his lordship to visit Hull and publicly take upon himself the 
 office, so that an opportunity might be afforded to the Town Coun- 
 cil and the inhabitants generally " to evince their personal attach- 
 ment to his lordship, their great satisfaction at his official connex- 
 ion with the town, and their high appreciation of his eminent ser- 
 vices to the country as a Minister of the Crown." The noble Earl 
 fixed the 14th of the next month (October) for his visit, to receive the 
 appointment of High Steward ; and arrangements are being made to 
 celebrate the occasion by an inaugural ceremony. A public banquet 
 will be a part of the programme, and to render the re-appearance of 
 his lordship in Hull trebly memorable, it has been resolved to invite 
 him to lay the foundation stone of the South Bridge, and to unveil 
 the statue of the Queen in the People's Park. The 14th of October 
 will therefore be a " great day " in this old borough, but as this sheet 
 of our history will be printed before that day dawns upon us, the 
 reader must look for a description of its festivities at a subsequent 
 page of this volume. 
 
 Titles. — Piobert de Pierrepont (termed " the Good "), Baron Pier- 
 repont, and Viscount Newark, was created Earl of Kingston-upon- 
 Hull, July 25th, 1628. During the siege of Hull, in 1643, he was 
 shot whilst crossing the Humber, a prisoner, in the custody of Lord 
 Willoughby (See p. 125). Evelyn, the fourth Earl of Kingston (also 
 Marquis of Dorchester), was advanced to the dignity of Duke of 
 Kingston, July 20th, 1715. This nobleman, who was High Stew- 
 ard of Hull, Chief Justice beyond the Trent, and the father of Lady 
 Mary Wortley Montague, the celebrated writer, died in 1726. In 
 1773 the title of Kingstou-upon-Hull became extinct by the death 
 of Evelyn, the third Duke, without an heir male.
 
 2:44 HISTORY OF KINORTON-UPON-TTTTJ,. 
 
 &fj£ IJarlmmciitiinr §ar0ucjlj. 
 
 The borough of Kiugston-upon-Hull is among the most ancient 
 in the United Kingdom, having returned two burgesses to serve 
 in parliament as far back as the year 1305. Until the passing of 
 the Reform Act, in 1832, the right of voting was vested exclusively 
 in the freemen. The right of admission to the freedom of the Cor- 
 poration could only be acquired by apprenticeship to a freeman or 
 by patrimony. All the sons of freemen, upon attaining the age of 
 twenty-one, and all persons who had served their apprenticeship to 
 freemen, were entitled to be admitted as freemen. The above men- 
 tioned Reform Bill added to the constituency of this and all other 
 boroughs the householders of ten pounds rental. 
 
 The following is the most correct list that can be obtained of the 
 names of the parliamentary representatives, dates of the elections, &c. 
 
 1305 First return of two burgesses to Parliament. 
 1375 Michael de la Pole. 
 1-152 Robert Auncel and John Fabcot. 
 1459 The same members. 
 
 1547 John Thacker and Walter Jobson. Thacker was Sheriff of Hull, 1541 ; 
 Mayor, 1546-52. Jobson was Sheriff, 1545; Mayor, 1549-56. 
 
 1552 Alexander Stockdale and William Johnson. Stockdale was Sheriff, 
 
 1540; Mayor, 1544, 1551, 1588. Johnson was Sheriff, 1547. 
 
 1553 John Thacker (Alderman) and William Johnson. 
 
 1554 Alexander Stockdale and John Thacker (Aldermen.) 
 
 1554 Francis Jobson and Thomas Dalton (Aid.) Dalton was Sheriff, 1550; 
 
 Mayor, 1547. 
 
 1555 Walter Jobson and John Thornton (Aldermen.) Thornton was Mayor 
 
 this year and 1566. 
 1557 Walter Jobson (Aid.) and Thomas Allured. Allured was Mayor, 1561. 
 1559 John Oversall (Alderman) and Thomas Allured. Oversall was Sheriff, 
 
 1546 ; Mayor, 1550. 
 1563 Christopher Estofts and John Thornton (Alderman.) 
 
 1571 John Thornton and James Clarkson (Aid.) Clarkson was Sheriff, 1555 ; 
 
 Mayor, 1559-68. 
 
 1572 James Clarkson and James Dalton 
 
 1580 James Dalton being incurably sick, a new writ was ordered 18th March. 
 Ordered by the House of Commons that Thomas Flemming, just re- 
 turned in the room of James Dalton, continue; but John Fawcker, 
 in lieu of James Clarkson, be removed, and James Clarkson remain, 
 although sick.
 
 .••■ o] BriNGSTON-TTPON-HlTLIi. 215 
 
 1585 John Thornton (Alderman) and John Aldred. 
 
 1586 Edward Wakefield (Alderman) and John Aldred. Wakefield was Sheriff, 
 
 1578; Mayor, 1581. 
 1588 Leonard Wiston and William Gee, jun. Wiston, or Whiston, was Cham- 
 
 berlain, 1581 ; Mayor, 1585. Gee was the son of William Gee, who 
 
 was thrice Mayor of Hull, 1562, 1573, 1582. 
 1592 Leonard Wiston (Alderman) and Peter Proby. 
 1597 Leonard Wiston and Anthony Cole. Cole was Sheriff, 1588; Mayor, 
 
 1593. 
 1G01 John Lister and John Graves (Aldermen and Merchants.) Lister was 
 
 Sheriff, 1590 ; Mayor, 1595. Graves was Sheriff, 1595 ; Mayor, 1598. 
 1603 Anthony Cole and John Edwards (Aldermen.) 
 1614 Missing. (12 James I.) 
 
 1620 John Lister, jun., and Maurice Abbot. Lister was Mayor, 1618. 
 1623 John Lister and Sir John Suckling. 
 1623 Maurice Abbot chosen in the room of Sir John Suckling, who was re- 
 
 turned also for Middlesex. 
 1625 John Lister and Sir Maurice Abbot. 
 
 1627 John Lister and James Watkinson. Watkinson was Mayor, 1610-23. 
 1640 Sir John Lister and Henry Vane. 
 1640 Henry Vane, jun., and Peregrine Pelham. Pelham was Sheriff, 1636, 
 
 and afterwards elected an Alderman. He died in 1650. 
 1654 William Lister. Only one member in Cromwell's reformed parliament. 
 
 Lister was Recorder of Hull, appointed 1648. 
 1656 William Lister. Only one member. 
 
 1658 John Eamsden (Alderman) and Andrew Marvel. 
 
 1659 John Eamsden and Andrew Marvel. This parliament restored the 
 
 Stuarts. 
 
 1660 Anthony Gylby and Andrew Marvel. 
 
 1679 Lemuel Kingdom and Alderman William Eamsden. 
 1681 Sir Michael Warton and William Gee. 
 1685 Sir Willoughby Hickman and John Eamsden. 
 1689 William Gee and John Eamsden. Members of the Convention. 
 1689 John Eamsden and Charles Osbourne. 
 1695 Sir William St. Quintin and Charles Osbourne. 
 
 1698 Sir William St. Quintin, Bart., and Charles Osbourne. Sir William was 
 Chamberlain, 1689; Mayor, 1699, 1715. 
 
 1700 Sir Wm. St. Quintin and William Maister. Maister was Sheriff, 1699. 
 
 1701 The same members were returned at the election of this year, and at 
 
 the elections which took place in the years 1705, 1706, 1710, 1713, 
 
 and 1714. 
 1716 William Maister died, and Nathaniel Eogers was chosen in his place. 
 1722 Sir William St. Quintin and Nathaniel Eogers. In 1723, June 30th, 
 
 St. Quintin died, and was succeeded in Jan., 1724, by George Crowle.
 
 246 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 1727 Lord Mickelthwaite and George Crowle. 
 
 1732 George Crowle re-elected, being made a Commissioner of the Victualling 
 Office. On the 15th of January this year, Lord Mickelthwaite died, 
 and Henry Maister was chosen on the 6th of February. 
 
 1734 George Crowle and Henry Maister. 
 
 1738 George Crowle re-elected, being chosen a Commissioner of the Navy. 
 
 1741 George Crowle and William Carter. 
 
 1744 William Carter died, and General Henry Pulteney was elected in his 
 place. General Pulteney came to Hull as Governor Jan. 11th, 1743. 
 
 1747 Lord Robert Manners and Thomas Carter. This election commenced 
 on the 29th of June, and from a printed copy of the poll book, we 
 learn that Richard Crowle was also a candidate. The numbers were, 
 for Manners, 594 ; Carter, 559 ; Crowle, 353. It is somewhat sin- 
 gular that George Crowle, brother to the defeated candidate, voted 
 against him. Wm. Wilberforce and Alderman Cogan voted for 
 Carter and Crowle; and Sir H. Etherington supported Lord Man- 
 ners. The poll book contains the names of many Custom House 
 and Excise officers who had voted. 
 
 1754 Richard Crowle and Lord Robert Manners. 
 
 1757 Richard Crowle died, and Sir George Montgomery Meatham was chosen. 
 
 1761 Lord Robert Manners and Sir George Montgomery Meatham. 
 
 1768 Lord Robert Manners and William Wardell. 
 
 1774 Lord Robert Manners and David Hartley, who made a speech seven 
 hours long in the House of Commons. 
 
 1780 William Wilberforce and Lord Robert Manners. Close of the poll : 
 Wilberforce, 1126 ; Manners, 673 ; Hartley, 453. Manners died, and 
 David Hartley succeeded him. Hartley died 26th December, 1813. 
 
 1784 William Wilberforce and Samuel Thornton. Close of the poll : Wil- 
 berforce, 807; Thornton, 751; Hartley, 337. William Wilberforce, 
 being also returned as one of the Knights of the Shire for the 
 County of York, took his seat for the County, and Walter Stanhope 
 was chosen in his place as the representative of Hull 
 
 1790 Samuel Thornton and Aubrey Earl of Burford. No opposition. 
 
 1796 Sir Charles Turner and Samuel Thornton. Close of the poll : Turner, 
 833; Thornton, 771; Stanhope, 714. Number of burgesses polled, 
 1300. 
 
 1802 Samuel Thornton and John Staniforth. Close of the poll: Thornton, 
 1266; Staniforth, 1183; William J. Denison, 767; William Bell, 3. 
 
 1806 John Staniforth and William Joseph Denison. Close of the poll : Stan- 
 
 iforth, 1133 ; Denison, 1062 ; Thornton, 733. 
 
 1807 John Staniforth and Lord Mahon. No contest. 
 
 1812 John Staniforth and Sir George William Denys. Close of the poll : 
 Staniforth, 1446; Denys, 905; Lord Mahon, 364. Number of bur- 
 gesses polled, 1671.
 
 HISTORY OF KINQSTON-UPON-HUXL. 247 
 
 3818 John Mitchell and James Robert George Graham. Close of the poll: 
 Mitchell, 1323; Graham, 1074; Staniforth, 1036. 2142 voted. 
 
 1820 John Mitchell and Daniel Sykes. No contest. Sykes was Recorder 
 of Hull. 
 
 182C Augustus John O'Neill and Daniel Sykes. Close of the poll : O'Neill, 
 1537; Sykes, 1138; Pelham Villiers, 1055. 
 
 1830 George Schonswar (Aid.) and William Battye Wrightson. Close of 
 
 the poll: Schonswar, 1564; Wrightson, 1213; T. G Burke, 869. 
 2174 voted. 
 
 1831 George Schonswar and William Battye Wrightson. No contest. This 
 
 parliament passed the Reform Bill. 
 
 1832 Matthew Davenport Hill and William Hutt. Close of the poll : Hill, 
 
 1674; Hutt, 1610 David Carruthers, 1429; James Acland, 433. 
 1835 David Carruthers and William Hutt. Close of the poll : Carruthers, 
 
 1836; Hutt, 1536; Matthew Davenport Hill, 1371. 
 1835 In June Carruthers died, and Colonel T. P. Thompson was elected. 
 
 Close of the poll : Thompson, 1428 ; Henry St. John Mildmay, 1423. 
 1837 William Wilberforce and Sir Walter C. James. Close of the poll : Wil- 
 
 berforce, 1514; James, 1505; William Hutt, 1497; B. Wood, 1430. 
 1841 Sir John Hanmer and Sir Walter C. James. Close of the poll : Han- 
 
 mer, 1843 ; James, 1820 ; James Clay, 1764 ; Colonel Thompson, 1645. 
 1847 Matthew Talbot Baines and James Clay. Close of the poll : Baines, 
 
 2168; Clay, 2153; James Brown, 1705. M. T. Baines was Recorder 
 
 for Hull. 
 1849 M. T. Baines being appointed a Poor Law Commissioner, a new writ 
 
 was ordered, but he was returned without opposition. 
 1852 James Clay and Viscount Goderich. Close of the poll : Clay, 2246; 
 
 Goderich, 2242 ; John Bramley Moore, 1815 ; Charles Lennox Butler, 
 
 1626. 
 1854 William Digby Seymour (Merchant) and William Henry Watson. Close 
 
 of the poll : Seymour, 1820 ; Watson, 1806 ; Samuel A. Dickson, 1600. 
 1857 W. H. Watson being made a Judge, a new writ was ordered, and James 
 
 Clay was elected without opposition. 
 1857 James Clay and Anthony Ashley Cooper, Lord Ashley. Close of the 
 
 poll: Clay, 2365; Ashley, 2303; Lord Compton, 1392; William 
 
 Digby Seymour (Barrister) 434. 
 1859 James Clay and Joseph Hoare. Close of the poll : Clay, 2445 ; Hoare, 
 
 2269 ; J. Harvey Lewis, 1959. 
 1859 Joseph Hoare being unseated, another election took place. The can- 
 
 didates were Harvey Lewis and Joseph Somes. Close of the poll: 
 
 Somes, 2068 ; Lewis, 1579. 
 
 Election Mems. — la early times the burgesses of Hull chose 
 their representatives out of their own order, and allowed them,
 
 218 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 while engaged iu the performance of their public duties, a sum 
 (3s. or 4s. a day) which was at that time thought sufficient to 
 support the state of a gentleman. The parliament summoned in 
 1452 was held at Reading, and the members received 2s. per day 
 expenses.* In 1644, the town's authorities ordered that Peregrine 
 Pelham and Sir Henry Vane (M.P's. for Hull), and Mr. Lenthal, 
 Speaker of the House of Commons, shall each of them have one 
 hogshead of ale sent, and one barrel to Sir Thomas Widrington, 
 and letters to be written to every one of them, of thanks for their 
 good respects to the town, in the late vote of £200. per annum 
 to be allowed our ministers out of the Cathedral revenues, and to 
 desire Mr. Pelham to endeavour to procure one hundred pounds 
 more for our churches. 
 
 Andrew Marvel, who represented Hull from 1659 to his death, 
 was, it is stated, the last M.P. who received wages from his con- 
 stituents. But these things are marvellously altered since the time 
 of this patriot. Now-a-days the members are generally obliged to 
 pay large sums of money for the support of the voters, so as to have 
 the honour of representing them. 
 
 In 1679 the Duke of Monmouth, then High Steward of Hull, 
 strongly recommended Mr. Lemuel Kingdom, for election. The 
 Duke told the burgesses that "he must judge of the reality of their 
 affections by their readiness to gratify him in the acceptance of a 
 person that he doth so heartily concern himself for." Mr. Kingdom 
 and Alderman Ramsden were returned, and Mr. William Gee pe- 
 titioned against them on the ground that compulsion, threatening, 
 and menaces had been used. The petition failed, and the Corpo- 
 ration ordered that £100. be returned to the members towards de- 
 fraying the charges in vindicating the election.! 
 
 In 1693 an order was made that no one be admitted to take his 
 
 * In the accounts of John Green and Francis Buck, Chamberlains of Hull at this 
 time, is the following entry : — " Given to Robert Auncel and John Fabcot, our repre- 
 sentatives in Parliament at Reading, two shillings per day, £21. 8s. Od." 
 
 + It was usual on the election of members for boroughs to charge each candidate 
 the sum of three hundred guineas, for being made a burgess of the town, hence the 
 order to return the money to the two members. This practice continued in Hull 
 until the year 1820, when Daniel Sykes, Esq., who was then elected, refused to pay 
 any money for such purpose.
 
 HTSTOEY OF KINGST0N-UP0N-HULL. 249 
 
 freedom of this Corporation, in order lo qualify himself for a burgess 
 to represent the borough in parliament, before he had paid a fine of 
 fifty pounds to the town. 
 
 After the election of 1095, the defeated candidate, Sir John 
 Bradshaw, Knt., petitioned (without success), complaining that the 
 Sheriff, to gratify the Mayor and some Aldermen, privately appoin- 
 ted the election next morning after the receipt of the writ, when he 
 did not poll so many as usual by two hundred ; and that many were 
 made free to vote against the petitioner. At the election in the 
 year, 1700, Charles Osbourne, Esq., petitioned against the returned 
 members on account of bribery, &c, but no report was made. 
 
 Mr. William Bell, auctioneer, and the originator of the Exchange 
 and News Room, was a candidate for Hull at the election in 1802, and 
 polled only three voters. These three votes, it is said, procured him 
 £3,000. from the successful candidates, to prevent him petitioning 
 against their return, as they had been bribing the burgesses to a great 
 extent. Bell, it is stated, had discovered, during the election, to 
 what extent they had bribed, and as at that time the elections were 
 continued for several days, and any person could be nominated be- 
 fore the election closed, he adroitly got himself nominated and 
 polled for by three of his friends, who, along with him, threatened 
 to petition against the return of Thornton and Staniforth. This 
 election commenced July 5th. At the close of the first day's poll, 
 at eight in the evening, the numbers were, Thornton 801, Stani- 
 forth 752, Denison 495. The poll opened at ten next morning, 
 and after short addresses from the candidates, two others were 
 nominated, Mr. W. B. Wrightson, and Mr. Philip Green, of Hull, 
 uncle to Mr. Staniforth, but they were soon withdrawn by mutual 
 consent, and the poll went on as before ; but in the afternoon Mr. 
 Bell came forward on the hustings, addressed the Sheriff, and de- 
 manded to be put in nomination as a candidate. Three petitions 
 were presented against the return of this election, two against the 
 return of Thornton, and one from seven burgesses against Stani- 
 forth, but before the time appointed for hearing them it is reported 
 that the scruples of the petitioners were satisfied. 
 
 After the election of 1818, John Staniforth, Esq., petitioned 
 against the return of J. R. G. Graham, Esq. (afterwards Sir James
 
 250 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Graham, a Secretary of State.) A scrutiny was held in Hull, when 
 Graham was declared duly elected. "Muche drynke gyven atte 
 ys tyme." 
 
 The Keform Act passed in 1832, and after allowing some time 
 for completing the register of voters, the parliament was dissolved. 
 Matthew Davenport Hill, Esq., an eminent barrister, and now Ee- 
 corder of Birmingham, and Commissioner in Bankruptcy for the 
 Bristol District, was invited to become a candidate for Hull, by a 
 large and influential number of those electors who had now for the 
 first time acquired the franchise ; and that gentleman was returned 
 at the head of the poll.* But the old orange and blue parties had 
 their candidate ;f the former in the person of Mr. Hutt — now the 
 Bight Hon. William Hutt, Vice President of the Board of Trade — 
 the latter in the person of David Carruthers, Esq., a merchant in 
 London. There was likewise a fourth candidate, the notorious Ac- 
 land, whose political principles were generally professed by the 
 orange party. But Mr. Hill and Mr. Acland did not effect a coali- 
 tion, either with one another, or with Mr. Hutt. The whole of the 
 expense incurred in the behalf of Mr. Hill (less than £400.) was de- 
 frayed by a subscription entered into by his supporters. Although 
 the orange party divided their votes among three candidates, and the 
 blue party concentrated all their energy on but one, the latter was 
 defeated. Mr. Carruthers had a majority among the old freemen. 
 At the close of this election Mr. Hutt was chaired through the 
 principal streets of the town (Mr. Hill objected to the ceremony of 
 chairing) in a beautiful car drawn by six horses. 
 
 The parliament elected in 1S32 was dissolved in 1835, and 
 Messrs. Hill, Hutt, and Carruthers met on the hustings. This 
 time the latter gentleman was returned by a large majority. He 
 was at the top and Mr. Hill was at the bottom of the poll. Immedi- 
 ately after the contest a number of ladies commenced a subscription 
 to purchase a piece of plate, which was afterwards presented to Mr. 
 Hill. It consists of a triangular centre, with three branches springing 
 
 * The number of persons entitled to vote under the Eeform Bill was 3,607; and 
 the number polled at this, the first election under the new Act, was 3,015. 
 
 + The distinctive political colour adopted in Hull by the liberal party, is orange ; 
 and by the conservatives, blue.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-nULL. 251 
 
 from a rich acanthus stem, surmounted by a bowl. On one side is 
 Mr. Hill's coat of arms, on the second his crest, upon a rich en- 
 graved shield, and on the third the following inscription : — 
 
 " Kingston-upon-Hull, January 13th, 1835. — Presented, to Matthew Davenport 
 Hill, Esq., by the Ladies of Hull who felt an interest for his re-election, to per- 
 petuate their admiration of his faithful services, commanding talents, and incorruptible 
 patriotism, as one of the representatives of this town, in the two years of the First Pie- 
 formed Parliament, and especially as a token of gratitude for his noble determination 
 to revive the principles of Purity of Election, unknown in Hull since the time of 
 Andrew Mavvell." 
 
 Mr. Carruthers died before parliament met, and a new election 
 ensued. Henry St. John Mildmay, Esq., a total stranger, was the 
 candidate selected by the blue party ; and Lieut. Col. T. Perronet 
 Thompson, a native of the town, offered himself upon the orange 
 interest, contested the seat upon the purity principles, and was 
 elected. A petition was presented to the House of Commons com- 
 plaining of the Colonel's return, principally on the ground of the 
 admission of votes not duly qualified. This was met by a counter 
 allegation of bribery, and a scrutiny ensued, which terminated in 
 Colonel Thompson's favour. During the parliamentary session of 
 1836 Col. Thompson addressed a series of letters to his constituents, 
 through the medium of the Hull Advertiser newspaper, which were 
 afterwards published in the form of a pamphlet, entitled "Letters 
 of a Representative." These letters detailed the proceedings of the 
 legislature, and commented on passing events. In thus correspon- 
 ding regularly with his constituents, the gallant Colonel followed 
 the example of Andrew Marvel.* 
 
 After the general election in 1847, a public demonstration to cele- 
 brate the return of James Clay, Esq., took place on the 11th of 
 August. At the Public Rooms up to 300 gentlemen partook of a ban- 
 quet, the chairman being the Mayor (B. M. Jalland, Esq.) Close 
 to him sat the guest of the evening, and Sir William Clay, M.P. 
 
 At the election in 1837, Mr. Hutt and Mr. B. Wood, a merchant 
 in London, were the liberal candidates; and the conservative candi- 
 dates were Sir Walter James, Bart., and Mr. Wilberforce, the son 
 of the illustrous advocate of the abolition of slavery. The two latter 
 
 * Colonel (now General) T. P. Thompson was born in the house in Low-gate, second 
 from the north-west corner of George-yard, opposite the Town Hall.
 
 252 HISTOET OF KINGSTON-TJPON-HTJLL. 
 
 gentlemen were elected, and the party, who had succeeded without 
 expense, in a single-handed contest in 1835, failed in 1837 to re- 
 turn either of their candidates, though one of them was Mr. Hutt. 
 This election was followed by another petition, and a scrutiny in 
 the House of Commons, which lasted several weeks, but in the end 
 Mr. Wilberforce was found not qualified by property, and Mr. Hutt 
 was declared duly elected in his stead. 
 
 Now it was tacitly understood by both parties that a severe con- 
 test for both seats was inevitable, as soon as an opportunity should 
 arise. Colonel Thompson avowed himself again ready to become 
 a candidate for the representation of his native town, though he re- 
 ceived but little zealous support from the old leaders of the party —   
 the want of cordiality which subsisted in the time of Mr. Hill, be- 
 tween them and the newly enfranchised members of the party, 
 being still in existence. The former were inured to the idea tbat a 
 large expenditure was an indispensible part of the management of 
 an election ; and the latter professed to be guided by a sincere desire 
 to put an end to all corrupt practices at elections. The liberal party 
 then made overtures to James Clay, Esq. (one of the present mem- 
 bers), and that gentleman consented to stand for the borough ; but 
 the liberals were defeated at the next election (in 1841), Sir John 
 Hanmer, Bart., and Sir Walter C. James, Bart., were returned by 
 the conservatives.* 
 
 On the 31st of January, 1843, a grand public dinner was given 
 to William Hutt, Esq., then M.P., for Gateshead, at the Victoria 
 Booms, when about 250 gentlemen, comprising nearly all the leading 
 reformers of Hull and the East Biding, were present. The chair 
 was occupied by the Mayor (John Atkinson, Esq.), and amongst the 
 influential persons on his right and left were, the guest of the even- 
 ing, the Hon. C. Laugdale, Lord Worsley, Sir W. Lowthrop, Mr. 
 Sheriff Jalland, John Smith, Esq., Joseph Sykes, Esq., B. Sykes, 
 Esq., and B. M. Jalland, Esq. Mr. Alderman Gresham filled the 
 vice chair. At this banquet a splendid testimonial of esteem and 
 respect was presented to Mr. Hutt. It is a beautiful piece of plate, of 
 
 * Sir John Hanmer (now M.P. for the Flintshire Boroughs) is a descendant of the 
 Captain Hanmer mentioned at page 14'2, who, in 1688, aided in securing the town 
 of Hull against the royalists in the reign of James II.
 
 HTSTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 253 
 
 chaste, elegant, and appropriate design, consisting of a centre-piece, 
 in the form of an oak tree, with three full-length figures emblem- 
 atic of Commerce, Navigation, and Agriculture, standing on its base 
 around it. These figures are in dead silver, and are most exquisi- 
 tely finished. The branches of the tree (to the ends of which are 
 attached candle-sockets in the shape of acorns) overspread the fi- 
 gures. The design is surmounted by a silver basket, in which rests 
 a basin of cut glass. The plate weighed nearly 400 ounces. The 
 following is the inscription : — 
 
 " Presented to AYilliam Hutt, Esq., M.P:, by the friends of Pieform in Hull, as a record 
 of their sentiments of respect for the excellence of his private, and the independence 
 of his public character, admiration of his talents, and gratitude for his zealous and 
 unwearied labours for the interest of his country and his constituents, during the three 
 parliaments in which he represented this borough." 
 
 At the general election in 1852, the candidates for Hull were 
 James Clay, Esq. (the former member), and Viscount Goderich* as 
 representatives of the liberal or reform interest ; and John Bramley 
 Moore, Esq., and the Hon. Charles Lennox Butler, were the con- 
 servative or tory candidates. The two former gentlemen were 
 elected. The election was followed by a petition from the conserva- 
 tive party, against the return of the successful candidates, and the 
 result was that Mr. Clay and Lord Goderich were unseated, and 
 the borough was for a time unrepresented in parliament. So great 
 a mass of systematic bribery and corruption, as practised at the 
 elections at Hull by both parties from time immemorial, was re- 
 vealed to the Committee of the House of Commons, appointed to 
 examine into the complaint laid in the petition, that the Committee 
 prayed the house to issue a Commission of enquiry into the corrupt 
 practices at the last election, and at former elections. Accordingly 
 Frederick Solly Flood, John Deedes, and William Baliol Brett, 
 Esqrs., were commissioned to enquire into the extent of these cor- 
 rupt practices. The Commission was opened at the Mansion House 
 at Hull, on the 23rd of May, 1853 ; and the enquiry lasted for 
 fifty-seven days, ending 16th of August. All the candidates for 
 Hull at the elections of 1841, 1847, and 1853, appeared to give 
 
 * Lord Goderich has since succeeded to the Earldom of De Grey and Eipon, and 
 his lordship is at present ( 1863) Secretary of State for War.
 
 §54 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 evidence, and about 1,200 witnesses were examined. The Com- 
 missioners' Report contains a mass of proofs of bribery, which pre- 
 vailed at every election. In 1841 each party paid 600 or 700 voters ; 
 in 13-17, 1,200 were bribed; in 1852, out of the 3,983 who voted, 
 1,400 were bribed. Out of the 1,500 freemen, 1,100 were bribed, 
 once at least — many more than once. Nor are the occupiers clear. 
 The cost of the three previous elections was nearly £27,000. to 
 the candidates. The cost of the last election had been £9,226., of 
 which there was paid for cabs, £354.; colours, £300. ; to printers, 
 £1,096. ; legal agents, £2,066. ; while the money expended directly 
 on the voters amounted to £3,543. — £3,000. being paid for runners. 
 The Report contained the enormous number of 2,000 pages; its 
 weight was eleven tons six hundred ; 82,000 questions were put to the 
 witnesses ; and the cost of the Commission, including the printing 
 of 1,750 copies of the Report for parliament, amounted to about 
 £5,000. The Commissioners received each five guineas a day during 
 the time of the enquiry. 
 
 The Chief Commissioner, through some disagreement with his 
 colleagues, presented a separate report. Referring to the freemen 
 of the borough prior to the year 1832, he says that a very large 
 majority of them " were in the lower ranks of life, and that the 
 merchants and tradesmen of the town possessed but little influence, 
 except that which money will purchase or position in society com- 
 mand. I find (he writes) that corruption was then all but universal ; 
 that votes were purchased without any scruple, and almost without 
 disguise, at a regular market price — namely, four guineas for a 
 plumper, or to use the local term, ' a bullet,' and two guineas for a 
 split vote, paid under the name of 'polling-money.' Persons en- 
 titled to their freedom delayed taking it up until a contested election 
 arose, and then the manufacture of votes at the expense of the 
 candidates, payment of polling money, and the polling, proceeded 
 simultaneously for eight days." 
 
 " In those times the seat of no member, by however large a ma- 
 jority, or however recently he might have been elected, was safe 
 from the superior claims of a ' third man,' upon the very next oc- 
 casion." 
 
 From the time of the death of Queen Anne down to the date of
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UPON-HULL. 255 
 
 the report, a period of 140 years, " it never has occurred but once 
 that the same two gentlemen were elected for this borough at two 
 consecutive general elections. The one exception was in 1831, when 
 parliament was unexpectedly dissolved in the middle of a session, 
 and in its very first year. It is more than probable that the sudden- 
 ness of that event alone prevented the success of a third man." 
 
 "The freemen (continues the Keport) always looked upon an 
 election, not as an occasion for exercising their share in legislation, 
 but simply as an opportunity for obtaining a price for a marketable 
 commodity ; they looked upon him to be the best candidate who was 
 the best paymaster." 
 
 In 1818, the blue party, to promote the return of their candidate, 
 posted a notice on the door of their Committee-room, purporting 
 that £1,000. had been raised by subscription in order to secure Mr. 
 Staniforth's election. This gentleman withdrew from the poll, and 
 no sooner was his resignation known, than the orange party pub- 
 lished a notice informing the burgesses " that the same attention 
 in every respect" would be paid to them by the friends of Mr. 
 Graham, " as if Mr. Staniforth had not withdrawn from the contest," 
 Hence Mr. Commissioner Flood concluded that "it is impossible to 
 doubt that the proceedings of the orange party were of the same 
 character as those of the blues. 
 
 Immense as the amount of political corruption which has been 
 practised here, we have little hesitation in asserting that Hull is 
 not more impure than most other boroughs, and that it is purity 
 itself in comparison with some. Commissions similar to the above 
 were likewise issued, after the same general election, for the city of 
 Canterbury, and the boroughs of Barnstable, Cambridge, Maldon, 
 and Tynemouth, with a like result to that of Hull; and if many 
 other boroughs enjoy the character of being politically pure, it is 
 because courts of enquiry into their corrupt practices have not been 
 opened in them. 
 
 The legislature passed a Bribery Act, and then, after the borough 
 of Hull had been without a voice in the great council of the nation 
 for nearly two years, the electors were once again called upon to 
 return two representatives to the House of Commons. The election
 
 256 HISTOKY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 took place in August, 1854, the candidates being William Digby 
 Seymour, Esq., and William Henry Watson, Esq., Q.C., liberals, 
 and Samuel Auchmuty Dickson, Esq., conservative; the unseated 
 members (Mr. Clay and Viscount Goderich) being disqualified to 
 represent the borough during the sitting of the existing parliament. 
 The election resulted in the return of the liberal candidates by a 
 large majority. 
 
 Immediately after the election of July, 1852, the return of James 
 Clay, Esq., and Viscount Goderich, was celebrated by a grand ban- 
 quet in the Public Kooms, attended by about 400 gentlemen of the 
 reform party. The chair was filled by Henry Blundell, Esq. No 
 sooner was Mr. Clay and his noble colleague unseated, than the 
 working men of the town held crowded meetings for the purpose 
 of sympathising with them ; and working men's committees were 
 formed to collect subscriptions, with the view of presenting them 
 with testimonials of esteem. One body devoted itself to the exclu- 
 sive honour of Mr. Clay, and another to the raising of funds to pay 
 a united tribute to Mr. Clay and Lord Goderich. A sufficient sum 
 was speedily raised to purchase a beautiful silver inkstand (supplied 
 by Mr. John Symons), and Mr. Clay was invited to Hull to receive 
 this memento of the attachment of the people. He arrived here on 
 the 18th of May, 1853, and his reception was enthusiastic in the 
 extreme. A band of music and many thousands of his admirers 
 received him at the Victoria-pier, and it was with the utmost diffi- 
 culty, owing to the numerous congratulations he received, that he 
 could make his way to a carriage which was in waiting to receive 
 him. At length, however, he succeeded, and he was then conducted 
 through the town, amidst the deafening cheers of immense multi- 
 tudes. The presentation took place in the evening, at the saloon 
 of the Mechanics' Institute, which was densely crowded ; Joseph 
 Jones, Esq., being the chairman. 
 
 On the 14th of the following November the presentation of the 
 testimonials, prepared for both Mr. Clay and Lord Goderich, took 
 place, at a great meeting held in the Public Piooms, and over which 
 H. Blundell, Esq., presided. The presents consisted of two splen- 
 did and richly-chased silver tankards (supplied by Mr. T. Reynold-
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UI'ON-IIULL. 257 
 
 son), subscribed for by upwards of 1,800 of the working men of 
 Hull. The tankard for Mr. Clay bore this inscription : — 
 
 "Presented to James Clay, Esq., twice returned member of parliament for tlie 
 borough of Kingston-upon-Hull, this tankard, intended to commemorate his faithful 
 services, as an unflinching advocate of the political rights of the people, is gratefully 
 presented by his late constituents, the working men of Hull. Nov. 14, 1853." 
 
 The other piece of plate was thus inscribed : — 
 
 " To the Eight Hon. Lord Goderich, M.P.,* the firm advocate and faithful guardian 
 of the political rights of the people, this tankard, as a testimony of confidence and 
 affection, is most respectfully presented by his Lordship's late constituents, the work- 
 ing men of Hull. Nov. 14, 1853." 
 
 Afterwards a number of the merchants of Hull gave Mr. Clay a 
 testimonial for his services to the mercantile community of the port 
 while member for Hull. This was a massive and handsome silver 
 candelabra (from the establishment of Messrs. Jacobs and Lucas), 
 bearing the following inscription : — 
 
 "Presented to James Clay, Esq., M.P. for Hull, by certain mercantile houses, his 
 constituents, in acknowledgment of difficult and valuable services rendered." 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Clay being on a visit to Boswell M. Jalland, Esq., 
 of Holderness House, the presentation took place at that mansion, 
 on the 1st of December, 1854. 
 
 Mr. Watson was made a Baron of the Exchequer in February, 
 1857, and Mr. Clay (being legally advised that he no longer laboured 
 under any disability) was elected in his stead, without opposition. 
 Mr. John Boulderson Barkworth, timber merchant, petitioned 
 against the return, but this proceeding was quashed by the disso- 
 lution of parliament, which occurred in the following month. 
 
 Lord Ashley, the conservative candidate, then became the col- 
 league of Mr. Clay ; and, after the election, that nobleman (on the 
 3rd of April) was entertained to a dinner at the Station Hotel, by 
 about 200 of the gentlemen who had been most active in securing 
 his election. The president was Anthony Bannister, Esq., Chair- 
 man of Lord Ashley's Committee. At the end of the same month 
 Messrs. Samuelson and Company launched a fine iron screw steamer, 
 which they named " Lord Ashley," after the newly elected member 
 for the borough. 
 
 * Very soon after he was unseated for Hull, Lord Goderich was elected to parlia- 
 ment for the borough of Huddersfield. 
 
 2 L
 
 258 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 The political annals of Hull may in vain be searched for the re- 
 cord of such an event as that which occurred on the evening of the 
 8th of April, 1859, when Messrs. Clay and Lewis, the chosen rep- 
 resentatives of the reformers of the town, made their entry into the 
 borough amidst the acclamations of such numbers as no living per- 
 son ever saw congregated in our streets, unless indeed it was, as one 
 of the newspapers observed, on the auspicious occasion when honour 
 was done to royalty itself. About six o'clock thousands of people 
 were en route towards Hessle-road, by which way the honourable 
 candidates were expected to arrive. When the first carriage in the 
 procession — for three carriages followed (drawn by four greys) — con- 
 taining James Clay and Harvey Lewis, Esqrs., accompanied by Alex- 
 ander Samuelson, Esq. (Chairman of their election committee), and 
 Alderman Blundell, reached the toll-bar, the crowd stopped it, and 
 despite the remonstrances of Mr. Clay, the horses were removed 
 from their harness, and their places taken by a stalwart and eager 
 train of working men, who, amidst the most enthusiastic demon- 
 strations, proceeded to drag the vehicle towards the town. The 
 monstre procession included the orders of Druids and Oddfellows, 
 headed by bands of music. As the multitude passed through the 
 town, by way of Osborne-street and Whitefriar-gate, the scene was 
 one which defies description. The streets were densely crowded, the 
 windows were occupied by gaily dressed ladies, who waved their 
 handkerchiefs enthusiastically, the church bells were ringing, flags 
 and inscribed banners were thrown out to the breeze from numerous 
 points, and many of the shops were closed before their wonted time. 
 Messrs. Clay and Lewis acknowledged these demonstrations by re- 
 peated bows, standing uncovered in the carriage. Several times 
 during the progress of the procession, the coach containing the 
 candidates was lifted by its delighted bearers completely off the 
 ground and carried aloft on their shoulders. At last the Cross 
 Keys Hotel was reached, and then the sight from its windows was 
 a strange one. The whole Market-place seemed to have been trans- 
 formed into a sea of heads. The cheering now, and indeed all along, 
 was vociferous. Messrs. Clay and Lewis then addressed the im- 
 mense multitude. 
 
 Parliament was dissolved in a few days after this, and the Hull
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 259 
 
 election commenced on the 29th of April. The conservative can- 
 didate was Joseph Hoare, Esq., a banker in London. The Sheriff, 
 X. C. Pearson, Esq., entertained no less than 300 gentlemen to a 
 sumptuous breakfast. Messrs. Clay and Hoare were returned. 
 
 The liberal party having proclaimed that they had discovered that 
 at least 500 persons had been bribed at this election, resolved to 
 petition the House of Commons to declare the election of Mr. Hoare 
 void ; and the conservatives determined to present a counter-petition 
 against the return of Mr. Clay. Instead, however, of acting on the 
 defensive, the latter party had their petition presented first, but it 
 was subsequently withdrawn ; and the result of the other petition 
 was the unseating of Mr. Hoare, for bribery, committed by his 
 agents. But little delay took place in issuing the writ for the elec- 
 tion of a member to supply the place of Mr. Hoare; Mr. Harvey 
 Lewis was again unanimously adopted by the orange party; and as 
 a caudidate was brought forward by the blue party, in the person of 
 Joseph Somes, Esq., of London, both parties prepared for another 
 severe contest. The polling day was Saturday, August 20th, and 
 Mr. Somes was declared duly elected, by a majority of 489 votes — 
 owing, it was alleged, to some disunion amongst the liberals.* 
 
 On the evening of the 17th of September a meeting was held at 
 the Mechanics' Institute, for the purpose of making arrangements 
 for the presentation of a testimonial to Mr. Harvey Lewis, " for his 
 manful conduct in the late contests for this borough." A committee 
 was formed and subscriptions were collected; and the' testimonial 
 took the shape of a chaste and elegant piece of silver plate, novel 
 in design, and of most exquisite workmanship. It stands about 
 two feet in height, and is suitable either for a centre-piece on a table, 
 or for a side-board ornament. The base is oval in form, with four 
 dolphins and other marine emblems, having on each side a tablet, 
 one bearing the arms of Mr. Lewis, and the corresponding one the 
 inscription. From the base springs a graceful column, with arab- 
 
 * As an instance of individual petitioning of Parliament, Mr. James Beeton, of Hull, 
 petitioned singly against the Eeform Bill introduced in 1859 by the then Chancellor 
 of the Exchequer, on the ground that the said hill would deprive him of the right of 
 voting at the elections for the East Biding of Yorkshire, his freehold being in the 
 borough of Hull. Mr. Clay presented this petition.
 
 260 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-TJPON-HULL. 
 
 esque enrichments, supported by two beautifully modelled figures of 
 syrens, one playing the harp, the other blowing a conch shell. On 
 the top of the column, resting on choral work, is an elegant silver 
 shell of the nautilus form, on which sits another graceful figure of 
 a syren, and is further encircled by two admirably executed bas- 
 relievos, one representing the ship of Ulysses, the other Neptune 
 in his car subduing the waves. This most elaborate work of art 
 was designed and executed by Messrs. Jacobs and Lucas, White- 
 friar-gate. The following is the inscription : — 
 
 " Presented to J. Harvey Lewis, Esq., by upwards of one thousand electors and 
 non-electors (chiefly working men) of the borough of Kingston- upon-Hull, as a small 
 token of esteem for his unflinching advocacy of reform, and an expression of their 
 confidence in the consistency of his political views. — Hull, August, 1860." 
 
 This beautiful and substantial token of the warm regard of the 
 people for Mr. Lewis, was presented to that gentleman, at a dense 
 and overflowing meeting held at the Mechanics' Institute. The 
 chair was occupied by William Stephenson, Esq., who presented the 
 testimonial at the close of an able and glowing speech, in which he 
 reviewed the borough elections since the passing of the Reform Act, 
 and which he wouud up by reminding Mr. Lewis that he had twice 
 contested the large constituency of Hull " with the warm-heartedness 
 of an Irishman ; " that he had " held to it with the pluck of an 
 Englishman ; and fought it out with the doggedness of a Yorkshire- 
 man." Martin Samuelson, Esq., J. T. Dobson, Esq., and Mr. 
 Pexton took part in the proceedings by delivering addresses. In 
 April, 1861, Mr. Lewis was elected for the metropolitan borough 
 of Marylebone, and still continues to represent that place in the 
 House of Commons. 
 
 Messrs. Clay and Somes are the present members for the borough 
 of Hull. Formerly the Mayor was, but now the Sheriff is, the 
 returning officer for this borough. 
 
 Under the provisions of the Reform Bill, the town and county 
 of the town of Kingston-upon-Hull was constituted a part of the 
 East Riding for parliamentary representation, and Hull became a 
 polling place for East Yorkshire. 
 
 The reader of the foregoing " mems." will have observed that 
 Hull can boast of having returned several distinguished men to
 
 HISTORY OF KINOSTON-UPON-I1ULL. 201 
 
 parliament, the chief of which were Andrew Marvel, William Wil- 
 berforce, Sir James Graham, who became a Cabiuet Minister, Mr. 
 Watson, who became a Judge, Mr. M. T. Baines, who was a Cab- 
 inet Minister, Mr. Hutt, the present Vice-president of the Board of 
 Trade, aud Earl de Grey and Ripon, the present Secretary of State 
 for War. 
 
 Though Hull was a place of commercial and maritime impor- 
 tance for many years prior to the year 1322, it does not appear to 
 have been walled, or in any other way fortified before this period. 
 In that year the burgesses petitioned the King (Edvv. II.) to grant 
 them a royal license for encompassing the town with ditches and 
 castellated walls ; and his Majesty immediately granted a charter 
 authorising his " beloved burgesses and commynaltie of Hull, for 
 the more securitye of the town, to make sure the same with ditches 
 and walls of stone and lyme, and also rampet the saide walls and 
 the saide towne so made sure, and the same walls so ramped they 
 to have to them and theire successors burgesses of the same towne 
 for ever."* To defray the expenses of the work, the charter granted 
 certain tolls for five years ; but the completion of the walls requiring 
 further aid, another grant was made, in 1325, of one penny in the 
 pound, on the value of all goods and merchandise coming into the 
 town, as well by land as by water. The walls thus built extended 
 from the mouth of the river Hull, at its junction with the Humber, 
 along the bank of the latter river to a large tower, which stood near 
 the present south-west corner of Humber-street, and thence to the 
 north end of High-street. There were no works then on the east 
 or river Hull side of the town — the chain across the entrance of 
 the harbour and the natural protection of the river itself being 
 deemed to be a sufficient defence. 
 
 * MSS. charters granted to Kingston-upon-Hull, p. 107, as quoted by E. S. Wilson, 
 Esq., in a " Statement Relative to the Title to the Citadel and Fortifications of King- 
 ston-upon-Hull," which was drawn up by that gentleman a few years ago, and printed 
 for the " Puhlic Tark and Eecreation Grounds Committee " then in existence. We 
 are indebted for some reliable information on the subject of the " Fortifications " to 
 this very concise " Statement."
 
 262 HISTORY OF EINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Antiquarians differ as to whether the original fortifications of Hull 
 consisted of a ditch only, or of a wall as well as a ditch, and whether 
 the wall was built of stone or brick. The walls were standing in 
 the reign of Henry VIII., when that monarch's librarian, John 
 Leland, peregrinated England and Wales. This celebrated anti- 
 quary, " who notid a hole worlde of thinges very memorable," 
 writes (in his Itinerary, vol. i., p. 49) that in the reign of Richard 
 II., " The towne of Kingston upon-Hull waxed very rich, and 
 Michael de la Pole, merchant there, was made Count of Suffolk ; 
 in whose tyme the towne was wonderfully augmented in building, 
 and was enclosyed with ditches, and the wall begun, and yn con- 
 tinuance endyd and made all of brike, as most part of the houses of 
 the towne at that tyme was. In the wall (he adds) be four principal 
 gates of brike, and yn one of them a posterne. Betwixt Mitongate 
 and Hazelle (Hessle) gate there be three tours of brike ; and from 
 them to tbe haven mouth be five tours of brike. Michael de la 
 Pole builded a goodly house of brike again the north end of St. 
 Mary's Church, like a palace, with goodly orchard and garden ex- 
 closyed with brike. He also builded three houses in the towne, 
 whereof every one has a tour of brike." 
 
 Leland also tells us that the art of brick making, or, as it had 
 been anciently called, wall tiles, which had been lost or had fallen into 
 disuse since the Roman period, was revived in Britain in the reign 
 of Richard II. Geot, in his " History of the Royal and Beautiful 
 Town of Kingston-upon Hull," (published in 1735) says that Ed- 
 ward II., " Hearing of the town's wonderful improvements, granted 
 a charter which empowered the rich inhabitants, for the future, to 
 build their houses of lyme and stone ; to erect strong castles and 
 towers ; to make a wall as designed by his royal predecessor ; with 
 a moat for greater security, as well as to part their limits from those 
 of their neighbours." Dr. Littleton, a late Bishop of Carlisle, and 
 President of the Society of Antiquaries in 1757, who wrote a Dis- 
 sertation on the antiquity of brick buildings in England posterior 
 to the time of the Romans, which was read before that society in the 
 same year, has " no doubt that a stone wall was then built, and a 
 moat made in consequence of this grant," for in 1378 (1 Rich. II.) 
 according to Gent, he adds, that King " sent to Hull to have the
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 2G3 
 
 town put into a posture of defence, the long and happy reign of his 
 predecessor having rendered their walls and ditches useless ; but 
 now the case being altered, the King commanded them to be re- 
 paired at the expense of the town." In the same paper the Bishop 
 states that in September, 1750, he carefully examined the walls of 
 Hull, and found part of the towers between Beverley and North 
 gates still standing, and entirely composed of brick ; but that part 
 which stretched from the north Blockhouse towards Drypool Church, 
 for a considerable length, was built of stone, but faced with brick. 
 " This might lead one to suspect (he writes) that the whole wall 
 which surrounds the town had been faced in the same manner, and 
 consequently might have been the work of a later age than the time 
 of Richard II. I should indeed (he continues) have embraced this 
 opinion, had the town been first strengthened with a wall by De la 
 Pole, as Leland asserts ; but as Mr. Gent mentions a royal charter 
 from King Edward II., to empower the inhabitants to build a stone 
 wall, as designed by his predecessor ; and a toll granted in conse- 
 quence thereof; and we find Richard II. sending his orders to re- 
 pair their walls, on an apprehension of the French and Scots in- 
 vading England ; I see no room to doubt of De la Pole's repairing 
 with brick the old stone wall, and building the towers of the same 
 materials." 
 
 Mr. Frost contends that the walls were built originally of brick, 
 in the year 1322, and as to the use of the words stone and lime in 
 the grant of Edward II., he thinks it was probably the usual lan- 
 guage of licenses to fortify, adopted in consequence of stone being 
 the principal material then used for the fortifications of buildings. 
 Tiles, he says, were partially used in Hull in the reign of Edward 
 II., and in proof of this assertion he states, on the authority of the 
 Town's Records, that in a requisition taken in 1321, respecting the 
 state of the manor of Myton, it is mentioned that Sir Robert de 
 Hastang, Kut., then Custos of the manor, had, in the preceding 
 year, unroofed the buildings of a messuage in Lyle-street (now 
 Myton-gate), and had sold 3,000 tiles belonging to it for the sum of 
 10s. " The fact of the walls having been made of brick (continues 
 the same writer) is not only supported by the testimony of many 
 persons now living, within whose memory they were taken down,
 
 204 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 but by the exposure of the foundations, which have been lately dug 
 up in different places. The bricks taken from these foundations, 
 like those in the chancel of Trinity Church, are of Flemish shape, 
 and similar to those which are groined in between the stone ribs of 
 the vaulting over the passages through the checquer or western gate 
 of the Cathedral close at Lincoln, the date of which is about the 
 year 1350." He moreover states that in 1321 William de la Pole 
 had a tilery or brick yard without the north gate of the town. The 
 Town's Kecords mention that a new brick yard was established here 
 in 1357, at the west side of the Humber. 
 
 In the reign of Richard II., when a French invasion was appre- 
 hended, the fortifications of Hull underwent considerable repairs. 
 The ditches were cleansed ; and Tickell adds that a strong Castle, 
 for the better security of the town and harbour, was erected on the 
 east side of the river Hull. Mr. Frost says that " probably " the 
 latter is " a mistake originating in the circumstance of Robert del 
 Cross (Mayor) and others having purchased, in that year (of Sir 
 Robert de Sutton), a piece of ground on the banks of Dripole ' pro 
 quadam Turri pro salvac' o'e et defensione Ville de Kyngeston-sup'- 
 Hull construend.' " (Town's Records.) An unpublished MS. in the 
 library at Burton Constable (" Memorable Antiquities of the Town 
 of Kingston-upon-Hull, from its foundation, fitt for all Burgesses to 
 be informed of, 1738.") asserts, that the Castle was not built in the 
 time of Richard II., on account of the expense ; but was erected in 
 later times by Henry VIII., at a cost of d623,000. No light is 
 thrown on the subject by the letters patent of Richard II. 
 
 " The fortifications on the west side of the river Hull appear to 
 have consisted originally of a wall and ditch (writes Mr. E. S. 
 Wilson), but when the art of war advanced, and the opulence of the 
 town increased, an outer rampart and a ditch, called the Bush 
 Dyke,* were added, and half moons were thrown up. The outer 
 rampart and Bush Dyke are said to have been begun in the reign 
 
 * The Bush Dyke was a sort of outer moat which, according to Hadley, was " cast 
 up" in 1538-9. The same historian (writing in 1788) says, "About a year ago, on 
 opening the drain from the north end of Whitefriar-street to the Bush-dyke, a large 
 arched aqueduct was discovered, about five feet deep, full of fine clear water; it was 
 supposed to have been made for the purpose of conveying water to the Duke of 
 Suffolk's palace, afterwards called the Manor Hall."
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-UULL. 2U5 
 
 of Henry VIII., and to have been completed in the time of the civil 
 war. The town had lauds without the walls, which appear to have 
 been used for the purpose. The entire width of all averaged about 
 284 feet. These fortifications were garrisoned by train bands, and 
 maintained at the cost of the town by the imposition (sometimes 
 for a limited period) of duties on fish imported or corn exported, at 
 other times by assessment on property in the town and county of 
 Hull, and sometimes perhaps by cart tolls. In 1539 Henry VIII., 
 having purchased the Manor Hall, in Hull, and a quantity of land 
 within the old town walls, determined to strengthen the defences of 
 the place, and on the 22nd Feb., 1540-1, the first stone was laid of 
 a new Castle on Drypool side, which Castle is described as an in- 
 different square building, surrounded by a high wall, the side next 
 the river Hull and its opposite being rounded like the Blockhouses. 
 The Castle stood about midway between the North Blockhouse and 
 that on the Humber shore. Each of these Blockhouses was in shape 
 like a club on a card, and a wall or rampart extended from each to 
 the centre Castle, joining all together in one line of fortification.* 
 Henry at the same time built a bridge over the river Hull on the 
 site of the present North Bridge. The sum expended by this King 
 (according to Dr. Chambers' MS.) on the Castle, Blockhouses, and 
 bridge, and in making a canal for fresh water from Newland, is 
 £23,155. 17s. 5d., "a very small sum doubtless" (observes Mr. 
 Wilson) compared with the money which he had obtained from the 
 dissolution of the monasteries, abbeys, colleges, hospitals, and 
 guilds, and near forty chantries in the town and neighbourhood." 
 Mr. Wilson adds in a foot note, that " there is some reason for 
 thinking that the King was repaid the expenditure by local 
 taxation." 
 
 Tickell states that the cost to Henry VIII. of keeping a garrison 
 at the Castle and Blockhouses was nearly £1,000. a year; and that 
 Edward VI., " to be eased of this annual charge," granted the cus- 
 tody of the buildings, with the grounds belonging to them, to the 
 
 * In building or repairing the walls on the garrison side of the river, some of the 
 material of the religious houses of the town and of the monastery of Swine had been 
 used. Of some sculptured stones discovered in one of the bastions, and in the old 
 wall near the North Bridge, in 1S08, the late Vicar of Sculcoates erected a monument 
 in his churchyard. 
 
 2 M
 
 266 HISTOKY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Mayor and Burgesses — the grantees covenanting to keep in suffi- 
 cient repair the Castle and Blockhouses, with the jetties and banks 
 within the walls, under a penalty of ,£2,000., to be forfeited should 
 the Castle and Blockhouses be found, at any time, not in a fit state 
 to answer the end for which they were erected, viz., the defence of 
 the town. In 1599, the buildings being then in a state of decay, 
 Queen Elizabeth commenced a suit against the Corporation for 
 neglecting to uphold them, according to the tenor of the grant of 
 Edward VI. The Corporation pleaded that the west platform of 
 the Castle was ruinous at the time of the grant, and fell down four 
 years later. Whereupon certain Commissioners of Survey were 
 appointed to examine the works, and they certified that the Castle 
 was " not convenient to be re-edified, for that it was situated as to 
 be of no use neither to offend or defend, that the Blockhouses had 
 yearly had vast sums of money expended on them, and that the 
 said Castle and Blockhouses falling to ruin and decay was not 
 through any neglect of them, but through the badness of the foun- 
 dations and the defect of the timber upon which they were built." 
 The suit then dropped, but in 1037 Charles I. revived it, and 
 " carried it on with much animosity and at a great expense." The 
 Corporation strongly contested the suit, till on the breaking out of 
 the civil war, the minds of the people were turned towards other 
 objects. 
 
 In 1627 (3 Chas. I.) a Battery of 21 guns was constructed and 
 mounted at the sonth side of the garrison lands, partly in front of 
 the South Blockhouse, aud facing the Humber. In 1642 the forti- 
 fications were repaired at the cost of the town and county. In 
 1661 Ray notices the Castle, &c, in his Itinerary (See p. 135). 
 In 1680 a Government engineer was sent to view the town and its 
 state of defence, and to report thereon : in consequence of which 
 extensive alterations were made on the east side of the river Hull. 
 The wall connecting the Castle with the South Blockhouse was 
 removed, and the ditch and bank commenced, forming the present 
 Citadel. As the fortifications enclosed the site of the ancient village 
 of Drypool, houses began to be erected north of Drypool Church, 
 for the inhabitants of that locality. The foundation of the forti- 
 fications of the new Citadel were laid on large piles the entire size
 
 HISTORY OF KTNOSTON-UPON-IIULL. 2G7 
 
 of various sorts of trees, driven closely into the earth. The works 
 were not finished in the year 1700 ; and Tickell says that they 
 cost upwards of £100,000. Mr. Wilson observes respecting these 
 works that " in 1081 King Charles II. ordered a strong Citadel and 
 Blockhouse to be erected on the garrison-ground, with a broad ditch 
 cast about all the sides but that which faceth the H umber."* 
 
 In 1693 the Corporation made a proposal to the Crown respecting 
 the fortifications. They set forth that they had repaired and main- 
 tained the Castle and Blockhouses until about the year 1041, when 
 the rebellion broke out, at which time the usurping power (the par- 
 liament) forcibly dispossessed the Mayor and Burgesses of these 
 buildings and the ground attached to them ; that the parliament 
 enjoyed the profits of the same during all the time of the rebellion, 
 without in any way repairing the works ; that ever since the resto- 
 ration of the monarchy the same had been employed to the use of the 
 Crown ; and that the reparation and maintaining of the jetties, banks, 
 breastworks, &c, and a great wooden bridge, was a very serious ex- 
 pense to the town ; and they added, that if for the future they were 
 discharged from the obligation of maintaining the banks and breast- 
 works, &c, of the Garrison side, " they were willing to resign to the 
 Crown all their title to the Castle and Blockhouses and the ground 
 thereunto belonging, with all the profits arising thereby, and also to 
 forego all arrears of rent." But the offer was not accepted, for six 
 years later a conference took place between the Corporation and 
 the Surveyor-General of the Ordnance, concerning repairs of these 
 breastworks, &c. The Corporation, however, came to a fixed reso- 
 lution, by way of reply to this official, that if the Crown would 
 permit the town to hold the Castle and Blockhouses, and all the 
 ground on the Garrison side, as their own property (which they con- 
 sidered to belong to them by a grant from King Edward VI.), then 
 they would repair and maintain the banks and jetties on the Gar- 
 rison side; but if the Government would continue to retain the 
 possession of these objects, then the Mayor and Burgesses hoped 
 they should be excused from all repairs, as they humbly conceived 
 they were under no obligation to expend their money on them. 
 
 * There is a tradition that a subterraneous passage exists between the Fort and the 
 neighbourhood of the Market-place, running under the bed of the river Hull.
 
 268 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 In 1745 the authorities erected batteries, and cleansed the ditches, 
 as related at page 145. 
 
 In the year 1762 the Crown was petitioned for a portion of the 
 old fortifications for commercial purposes. A dozen years later the 
 first Dock Act was passed, granting to the Dock Company, the walls, 
 ramparts, and ditches on the north and west of the town, and also 
 on the south as far as Harry Ogle's Tower.* The second Dock 
 Act passed into law in 1802, and under its provisions the Dock 
 Company became possessed of the land and buildings belonging to 
 his Majesty's military works on the east side of the river Hull, 
 except the Citadel itself and its foreshore. 
 
 At the commencement of the present century considerable por- 
 tions of the south wall of Hull existed, but in a ruinous state. It 
 was about ten feet thick, and bounded a narrow street called the 
 Ropery, which, when the wall was removed and the street widened 
 towards the south, was named Humber-street. At the west end of the 
 Ropery was the south-west tower of the fortifications (in which was 
 Hessle Gate), and when the walls were perfect it stood across the 
 fosse, at its junction with the Humber. The south wall had aper- 
 tures for guns on the river side, and on the land side it formed a 
 sort of arcade. Sixty years ago several of the openings or arches 
 were occupied by the vendors of small wares. The tide then flowed 
 up to the base of the wall, at its western extremity ; but a foreshore 
 had been formed in front of the greater part of it, and was then oc- 
 cupied by ship-builders and block-makers. The Theatre Royal was 
 afterwards erected on the site of a Mr. Gleadow's ship yard. At 
 the eastern end of the walls was a six gun Battery, which continued 
 to be occupied as such down to a recent period. 
 
 The Citadel ceased to be occupied for regular military purposes 
 in 1848, and it was afterwards transferred from the War Depart- 
 ment of the Government to that of the Woods and Forests. It was 
 then let for business purposes to timber merchants and others ; and 
 
 * This tower appears to have been used as a prison, designated " cold and uncod " 
 (uncouth.) According to Hadley, it was called Harry Ogle's Tower, " from a prisoner 
 of that name, who, escaping and cutting his tbroat, ran as far as low water mark be- 
 fore he died." The exact site of the tower is a few feet (in Humber street) from the 
 Victoria Eooms.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 209 
 
 the soldiers' barracks became the habitations of poor cottagers. In 
 1858-9 an unsuccessful effort was made by the townspeople to get 
 possession of the site of the Citadel for the purpose of converting it 
 into a park or public recreation ground ; and in 1801 the Corpora- 
 tion of Hull failed in a Chancery suit with the Government, to re- 
 cover the Citadel lands, or any portion of them.* In the following 
 
 * In the matter of the Chancery suit of the Corporation of Hull versus the Attorney- 
 General for the Crown, we have gleaned what fellows from the printed minutes of the 
 proceedings of the Corporation's " Citadel and Foreshore Committee." The Chief 
 Commissioner of Woods and Forests having fixed the 10th of Octoher, 1859, for the 
 reception of tenders for the purchase of the Citadel, pursuant to conditions which 
 stipulated £100,000. as the minimum price, but without any guarantee of title by the 
 Crown, the Corporation obtained the opinion of two eminent Q.C. in favour of their 
 claim to the possession of the site of the Citadel and foreshore, or to compensation 
 for the retention and sale thereof by the Crown— which claim, they thought, ought to 
 be enforced, not by Injunction, but by a Petition of Eight, to her Majesty. The Town 
 Clerk was then authorised (as attorney for the Corporation) to commence the re- 
 quisite legal proceedings. He gave the Commissioner of Woods and Forests notice 
 of the intention of the Corporation to seek to enforce its right to the ownership of the 
 property, and he cautioned him against selling it ; and he prepared the Petition of 
 Eight (containing a succinct narrative of the history of the fortifications of the town, 
 and a detailed statement upon which the Corporation rested its claim), and had it 
 presented to the Queen. The Attorney and Solicitor-Generals having reported upon 
 the petition, her Majesty endorsed it with the royal mandate, in the usual manner, 
 viz., " Let right be done." The Crown not being bound to answer the petition until 
 the truth of the allegations it contained had been established before a Commission of 
 Inquiry of the Court of Chancery, the Corporation, in order to save great expense, 
 then obtained leave to waive the necessity of this primary commission, and to sub- 
 stitute an ordinary bill in Equity against the Attorney-General as representing the 
 Crown ; and this bill was filed in the Court cf the Vice-Chancellor, W. Page Wood. All 
 this occurred in the latter half of the year 1859. In 1860 the answer of the Crown 
 to the bill was put in, and as one of its numerous allegations showed that some portion 
 of the Citadel site was purchased by Charles II., beyond the line of the old fortifi- 
 cations granted by Edward VI. to the Corporation, the Corporation resolved to limit 
 its claim to so much of the Citadel lands as was included in the site of the fortifications 
 in the time of Edward VI., and the foreshore thereof. The bill was then amended 
 to meet the circumstances of the case; and in November, 1861, the case was heard, 
 and occupied the Court during two days. The Counsel for the Corporation contended 
 that the Citadel had been the property of the Corporation from the time of Edward 
 VI. to the reign of William III. — liable to the repairs of the banks and breastworks 
 of the river — and which liability the Corporation had performed up to the commence- 
 ment of the suit ; that this right of property had been recognised by the Crown during 
 that period ; that in the time of James II., the Crown held the Citadel for military 
 purposes, and allowed the Corporation an annual sum for the use of the land; but 
 that since the year 1700 the Crown, without the payment of that annual sum, retained 
 possession of the place by the Board of Ordnance, for military purposes only ; that 
 when the War Office had no further occasion for the Citadel, they had no right to
 
 270 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 year the use of the yard and the Blockhouse was granted to the 
 Hull Volunteer Artillery. On Sunday, June 28th, 1803, the anni- 
 versary of the Coronation of her Majesty, a brigade of this corps 
 fired a salute from the guns of the Citadel — the last military display 
 ever to take place there. 
 
 Before the foreshore of the Ilumber, at the mouth of the Hull, was 
 taken in and converted into a ship-building yard, the Citadel oc- 
 cupied the east side of the entrance to the harbour. It was, in form, 
 an irregular triangle; the length of the south curtain (facing the 
 Humber) being about 206 yards; the west curtain, 258 yards; the 
 east curtain, 100 yards. The longest face of the north bastion was 
 about 133 yards ; the shortest, 100 yards. The longest face of the 
 west bastion was about 141 yards; the shortest 50 yards. The 
 longest face of east bastion was 133 yards, and the shortest face was 
 108 yards. The salient angles of these bastions were all irregu- 
 larly indented, so as to form an angle retrograde, but not at equal 
 
 hand it over to the Woods and Forests, as the property formed no part of the here- 
 ditary possessions of the Crown, but was held by the War department of the Govern- 
 ment upon the same trusts, and for the same military purposes as the Corporation 
 itself would have held it ; that such possession, therefore, could not be considered 
 adverse to the Corporation; and that when those purposes were no longer re- 
 quired to be executed, the Corporation was remitted, under the Charter of Edward 
 VI. to its original right of property in the Citadel. The Vice-Chancellor, however, 
 did not entertain the same view; and, in delivering judgment, he expressed his 
 opinion that the right of the Corporation, if any, was a legal right and not an equitable 
 right ; and that, therefore, the proper remedy of the Corporation was by an action of 
 ejectment in a court of common law. He considered that the possession of the Crown 
 since 1800 must be deemed to have been adverse to the Corporation, especially as the 
 Corporation of the Trinity House had become parties to an agreement with the Crown 
 in 1801, whereby 37 acres (part of the citadel and the adjoining fortifications) had 
 been granted to them in consideration of the sum of ,£8,000. The suit was therefore 
 dismissed, with costs. 
 
 " Doctors differ," so do lawyers. The two points in this important case (the only 
 case of the kind that had ever come before the Courts) on which the Vice-Chancellor 
 gave judgment, were the same as those in which the two Queen's Counsel gave dis- 
 tinctly a different opinion in advising the Corporation upon the question in 1859; 
 and upon which the Corporation felt it their duty to act for the protection of the cor- 
 porate interests. The Town Clerk (Robert Wells, Esq., who was never very sanguine 
 of success in this suit,) was then directed to procure a consultation with the three 
 counsel that had been engaged in the case, as to the propriety and expediency of 
 the Corporation taking any further proceedings in the matter; and, after carefully 
 discussing all the points, these gentlemen were of opinion that an appeal against the 
 decision of Vice-Chancellor Wood would not be attended with much chance of success.
 
 HISTORY OF KINOSTON-UrON-IIULL. 271 
 
 distance from the faces. The triangle at the north bastion included 
 the Castle; and the South Blockhouse stood in the west bastion. 
 The moat or fosse that surrounded the Citadel was wide and deep. 
 
 The Castle (in later times called variously the Magazine, Hos- 
 pital, and Armoury) consisted of a large oblong centre or keep, three 
 stories in height, built of brick, with stone quoins, windows, and 
 doorways; surrounded by plain but very massy buildings, club- 
 shaped on the east and west sides. The walls of these outworks 
 were about 16 feet in thickness, but a few feet less towards the top. 
 The area between these outer buildings and the great keep was 9 
 yards wide; the keep measured about 23 yards in length and 15 in 
 breadth, and had tall, plain, square-headed windows; and the in- 
 terior of the keep was about 15 yards long and 9 yards wide; so 
 that the lower part of the walls was of immense thickness : but, as 
 before intimated, they grew narrower towards the top. On the 
 ground-floor was a large fire-place, four yards wide. All round the 
 ground floor of the outer buildings ran an arched passage ; and all 
 round the same buildings, on the first floor, ran a gallery or con- 
 tinuous passage. The roof of the Castle was originally flat, and 
 the walls were all battlemented, but the modern plain gabled roof 
 of the keep deprived the building, in later times, of anything like a 
 castellated appearance, or even of a place of extraordinary strength. 
 The walls were all of small-sized very hard bricks, grouted in with 
 chalk ; and in pulling them down it was found necessary to blast 
 them with powder. We are told that Henry VIII. ordered the 
 Castle and Blockhouses to be built "mighty strong;" and now, 323 
 years after that order was given, we have the most incontestiblc 
 proof that his Majesty's command was fulfilled to the letter.* 
 
 In the early part of the present year the Commissioners of Woods 
 
 * There is no list to be had of the Governors of Hull, but some of them are in- 
 cidentally alluded to in the pages of this volume. In later times the post of Governor 
 was a sinecure, worth about i'GOO. a year, and was generally bestowed on distinguished 
 general officers. The Lieut.-Governorships were given in the same manner to officers 
 of rank. These offices were discontinued about the year 1840. Among the last 
 Governors were the Marquis of Tewnshend, Lord Harcourt, and Lord Hill.. The 
 Governor's residence in early times was the keep of the Castle, but it was afterwards 
 the building, which, later still, was converted into a mess-house for the officers. The 
 office of Fort-Major continued as long as the Governorships. The last three Fort- 
 Majors were Major Turnbull, Major White, and Colonel Simpson.
 
 872 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 and Forests (having decided upon the demolition of the Citadel) sold 
 the castle, officers' quarters, &c, for building materials, to Messrs. 
 Binns, of London ; the two ranges of soldiers' barracks, the maga- 
 zine, racket-court, and other buildings, to Mr. Edwin Davis, of 
 Hull; and now (Oct. 1863) all the buildings have nearly disap- 
 peared, and the site of the once famous Citadel has just been drained 
 and laid out in fourteen streets (by Mr. W. Sissons), for the Woods 
 and Forests. The foreshore of the Humber is being reclaimed in 
 front of the Citadel ; and a portion of the fosse of the Citadel has 
 been leased to the Hull Dock Company, and by that body filled up, 
 and made into a fine timber quay. Tower-street is to be widened 
 ten feet, and seven of the new streets on the Citadel site will run 
 into it. The South Blockhouse remains yet, having passed into 
 the possession of Messrs. Samuelson and Co., the famous iron ship- 
 builders.* It has been modernised at the top, and no longer wears 
 its battlemented finish. A new bridge is about to be constructed 
 across the river, to connect this district of the town with the south 
 end of High-street. And so, in this year of grace, 1803, the in- 
 habitants of Hull are witnessing the removal of the last remnant of 
 the once frowning bulwarks of the place ; they are beholding the 
 end of that impregnable fortress which, for several ages, constituted 
 Hull the chief defence of the north of England against foreign in- 
 vasion. Sic transit gloria mundi. 
 
 To return to the subject of the ancient walls. In the old plans 
 of Hull there is no appearance of land beyond the south wall, except 
 a sort of half-moon shaped jetty. When the South-end Graving 
 
 * The North Blockhouse stood on the east side of North Bridge, and when no 
 longer used for military purposes it was let in sections to tradesmen. In 1784 Mr. 
 W. Thorp, builder, took the east wing of the building, and in it was bom, in 1791, 
 Mr. David Thorp, the present Surveyor to the Corporation of Hull. This block- 
 house was pulled down in 1802, by order of the Government. 
 
 During the French war, and up to 1815, there were generally stationed at Hull 
 from 12,000 to 15,000 troops. Besides the Citadel, there were military barracks in 
 Lime-street, (in buildings at the Greenland Yard, rented from the late Thomas 
 Walton, Esq.); also near Sculcoates Church; at the end of the old North Ropery 
 (which occupied the line now formed into New George-street) ; and on the Humber 
 bank, and a couple of other places. There was a Guard-house at the east end of 
 Waterworks-street.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULIi. 273 
 
 Dock was being made, in 1843,* the old landing stairs of this 
 jetty were discovered, and as they faced towards the narrow passage 
 which now connects Humber-street with Blackfriar-gate, and is 
 called, "Little Lane," we must conclude that this narrow alley 
 formed the entrance to the town from the water side. This ancient 
 passage is pierced through an old building, of brick, which at pre- 
 sent is in two tenements, numbered 47 and 48 ; and the low quaint 
 old archway is of considerable interest to the lover of local anti- 
 quities ; for beneath its narrow portal, in days of yore, royal, great, 
 and noble personages were wont to pass to and from the only pier 
 or landing place then in existence in Hull. 
 
 According to the appearance of the walls, in Hollar's plan (before 
 1640), they contained about thirty towers, at intervals. In front of 
 the line on the north and west sides was a wide and deep fosse con- 
 necting the rivers Humber and Hull; so that the town was entirely 
 surrounded by water — as that portion of it which was then only in 
 existence still is — the basin and the three old docks now occupying 
 the site of the ancient ditch. The entrances to the town from the 
 land side were five massy tower gateways, viz., Hessle, Myton, 
 Beverley, Low, and North Gates; and two sally-ports. The in- 
 land sides resembled the faces of a bastion, the salient angle being 
 near Beverley Gate. The distances between the gates were nearly 
 equal ; and from an accurate measurement of the whole line of the 
 fortified walls, taken before they were demolished, it appears that 
 they were 2,610 yards in circuit, or 30 yards less than a mile and 
 
 * The first stone of this fine dry dock was laid on the 28th of March, 1813, hy the 
 Mayor, and the dock was finished in the following year, at a cost to the Corporation 
 of ahout =610,000. It is the largest graving dock in Hull, its dimensions being 220 
 feet long, 60 feet extreme breadth, and 22 feet in depth. It will admit of a sailing ves- 
 sel of 1,500 tons, and will hold two ships of 700 tons register each. The walls, which 
 are of brick and a hard sand stone from Bramley Fall quarry, near Leeds, are 10 feet 
 thick, and the wall which faces the entrance of the harbour adjoining the dock is 300 
 to 400 feet long, and 8 feet thick. A small dry dock had previously been in this 
 locality, which was formed out of the hull of an old ship called the " Hompton," by 
 first grounding it, and then opening wide its sides, so as to admit vessels within it to 
 be repaired. The present dock occupies the ground on which stood the old South 
 End Battery of six guns for the protection of the harbour. The boundary wall of 
 the battery may yet be traced in the ship-yard, on the west side of the dock. The 
 new school, adjoining, stands on the site of the Officers' quarters ; and the Messrs. 
 Humphreys' stables are built on the ground formerly occupied by the old storehouse 
 and mayazkw of the battery. 
 
 2 K
 
 274 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 a half. In front of the principal gates were draw-bridges ; and 
 half-moon shaped batteries were thrown up before them during the 
 wars of Charles I. Tart of the walls fell in 16 16 (See p. 130). 
 
 Ilessle Gate stood at the west end of the street called the Ropery 
 (now H umber-street), and, according to a plate of it in Hadley's 
 History of Hull, it was an oblong tower, somewhat resembling a 
 tower gateway and barbican. The arch of the barbican is repre- 
 sented as acutely pointed. The ground between Hessle Gate and 
 Harry Ogle's Tower was sold by the Dock Company to the Mu- 
 nicipal Corporation. 
 
 Myton Gate was at the extremity of the street now bearing that 
 name. Beverley Gate was at the west end of Whitefriar-gate, a little 
 to the north of the angle of the walls. Tickell gives a plate of this 
 gate, as it appeared in 1776. The upper part of the tower is rep- 
 resented as ruinous, but the gateway in the vignette of Hargrave's 
 plan Of Hull, is perfect.* The site of the Low Gate is the end of 
 the street to which it has left its name. A little to the west of it, 
 Hadley says, was the half-moon, 66 feet broad. The North Gate 
 stood at the end of High-street, and its site is now partly occupied 
 by the Dock Office. In 1853-4, when the south wing was added to 
 the Dock Office, the massive iron socket of the old gate was dug up. 
 Dr. Chambers's MS. states that the North Gate was built in 1541. 
 
 One of the posterns, or sally-ports, was at the end of the street 
 now called Postern-gate; and the other communicated with the 
 before-mentioned South-end jetty. 
 
 Henceforth the coast defences of the Humber will consist of two 
 Batteries — one, of six guns, at Stallingborough, on the Lincolnshire 
 coast ; the other, of nineteen guns, at the village of Paull. The 
 latter, which is the most important, and has just been completed, 
 commands the river for a range of several miles, and will prove a 
 very formidable and important means of defence, should defence 
 ever again be necessary. It stands on the estate of High Paull 
 House (purchased by the Government of Anthony Bannister, Esq.), 
 
 * In 1827 the workmen employed in excavating the Junction (now Prince's) Dock, 
 laid bare the foundations of the town wall, from the site of Beverley Gate to that of 
 Myton Gate ; and of two of the square towers that flanked it. From beneath one of 
 thu towers the piles were drawn perfectly sound.
 
 UisTORY OF rcrNGSTON-Ul'ON-nUIX. 275 
 
 and comprises a front and two flanks, connected in the rear by a 
 loop-holed wall. The front of the battery extends 020 feet towards 
 the river side; the flanks fall back 310 feet — that on the north 
 side looking towards Hull. The outer works consist of a sea wall 
 protected by stockades, and a glacis and dry ditch, within which is 
 a loop-holed wall. Behind the wall is a covered way, five feet above 
 the level of the ditch itself; and again, in the rear of this, is the 
 parapet, with its merlons and ramparts — all skilfully revetted with 
 sods. The sods for this purpose were brought from Lincolnshire, 
 where they were purchased at a cost of J220. per acre. At each 
 angle the ditch is protected by caponieres, which give a flank fire 
 on the ditch itself, and communicate with the covered way. The 
 caponieres have each a casemate, from which the ditch may be 
 swept with shell or grape, whilst above the gun is a gallery affording 
 a position for musketry. The artillery stores and expense maga- 
 zines are upon the ramparts. The two main magazines are on the 
 parade. Each of the latter is adapted for 400 barrels of powder ; 
 and, including the expense magazines, there is accommodation in the 
 fort for 1,200 barrels. In each magazine is a shell-filling room com- 
 municating with the powder store by a turn-table in the wall. These 
 places are each lighted from above by patent lamps well secured and 
 locked. The entrance to the battery is in the rear, through the 
 loop-holed wall, and along this wall are the various buildings re- 
 quired for the troops, viz., barracks, hospital, &c. By projections of 
 the wall, a flank fire is obtained for the rear of the battery, and, 
 altogether, the place is of considerable strength, and well calculated 
 to defend successfully the passage of the river. So carefully were 
 the estimates made for the erection of the battery, that the entire 
 number of bricks required were within one thousand of the calcu- 
 lation. Messrs. Pickard and Son, of Bradford, are the contractors. 
 
 %\t p art. 
 
 Commerce. — Kiugston-upon-Hull has long been famous for its 
 trade and shipping, and it still holds the rank of one of the first 
 commercial towns in the kingdom. Its situation on the noble es-
 
 27G HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 tuary of the Huinber, the great natural outlet for the drainage of 
 Lincolnshire and a large portion of Yorkshire, and the great inlet for 
 the waters of the German ocean, presents advantages of an unusual 
 but valuable description. At a very early period Hull was a place of 
 considerable mercantile importance, consisting chiefly in the exporta- 
 tion of wool, and tbe importation of wine. Towards the close of the 
 twelfth and during the progress of the thirteenth century, the great 
 native commodity of England was wool, which, in very ancient times, 
 and particularly in the reigns of Henry II. and Richard I., was con- 
 verted into cloth in this country. Spelman relates that the nobles, 
 on delivering in a list of their grievances, in 1297, to Edward I., 
 represented it to be their opinion that one half of the wealth of the 
 kingdom consisted of wool;- but Danyel states that, according to 
 the representation of the nobles, the wool of England was equal to 
 a fifth part of the substance thereof.-f- Wools, woolfels, and leather, 
 were the native commodities which first constituted the export trade 
 of the country. Upon the exportation of these three articles the 
 King received certain duties or customs, and the goods upon which 
 they were charged were allowed to be exported from those places 
 only where the King had his staple, and hence the articles them- 
 selves obtained the name of staple commodities. The first specific 
 mention of this port in connexion with commerce, is so early as the 
 year 1198, when Gervasius de Aldermaunesberie accounted for 225 
 marks, for 45 sacks of wool taken and sold there. From this cir- 
 cumstance Mr. Frost very reasonably infers, that it was then not 
 only a seaport, but also one of the chosen places whence wool was 
 allowed to be exported ; and the same writer has brought forward 
 various proofs, founded upon the authority of the Pipe Roll and 
 other records, of the early mercantile importance of Hull. Of these, 
 one of the earliest and most important is the Comj>otus of William 
 de Wroteham and his companions, collectors of the King's customs, 
 recorded on the great Roll of Pipe, of 1205 (6 John), whence it 
 appears that, in the extent of its commerce, Hull was at that time 
 inferior only to London, Boston, Southampton, Lincoln, and Lynn.| 
 
 * Fol. 162. (Edit. 1698.) + Danyel's Hist. Eng., p. 165. 
 
 I The Pipe Eolls are the great rolls of the Exchequer, which are deposited in the 
 Pipe Office, Somerset House.
 
 HTSTORY OF KTNGSTON-UPON-T1UT.T,. 277 
 
 The commercial importance of the town at the beginning of the 
 reign of Edward I. may be estimated from the fact, that on the 
 passing of the Act by which the Nova Costuma, or Great Customs, 
 were formally attached to the Crown, when collectors and comp- 
 trollers were stationed at the chief ports of each county for re- 
 ceiving the same, these officers were appointed at Myton-Wyk, as 
 a primary station, and the ports of Scarborough, York, Hedon, 
 Gainsborough, and several other places of less note, were assigned 
 to their superintendence in the characters of member ports. This 
 arrangement unequivocally points out that the former was the lar- 
 gest port in this part of the kingdom. We may here observe, that 
 in early times the duties on customable merchandise was taken in 
 specie, i. e., the King took of the goods of merchants, in the name 
 of prisage, whatever he chose, and at his own price, but in his 
 wisdom this monarch relinquished the exercise of that power, and 
 in lieu thereof, certain fixed payments were charged upon the goods, 
 under the name of Parva Costuma, or Petty Customs. 
 
 "At the very beginning of the reign of Edward I., (writes Dr. 
 Oliver in his Inquiry), the Archbishop of York preferred his claim, 
 in answer to a writ of quo warranto, to the first tasting of wines, 
 and the first purchase of goods brought into the port of Hull, after 
 the King's prises were taken. The claim was founded on pre- 
 scription, corroborated by a charter granted to Archbishop Gifford 
 in 1267, in which it is acknowledged that the same privilege was 
 enjoyed by Archbishop de Grey (in 1216) and his predecessors in 
 the See of York. Now these prelates, in ancient times, held their 
 liberties in the East Riding under a charter of Athelstan, which 
 was granted in 925. Is it not then probable that Hull or Myton- 
 Wyk was a port of some consequence in that King's reign? The 
 claim was however contested on the ground that the Archbishop's 
 rights on the river Hull extended no further than the end of old 
 Hull, and if this prelate's claims were ultimately negatived in Sayer 
 Creek, it does not follow that they were never enjoyed in the old 
 channel as far as its junction with the Humber; although when 
 the litigation took place it had been suffered to warp up. I should 
 rather conclude that the Archbishop's predecessors attained undis- 
 puted possession of these franchises in the ancient harbour of
 
 278 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Myton-Wyk, and that the deterioration of his claims was owing to 
 its being superseded by the intervention of a new channel. This 
 contest forms a link in the chain of evidence, that Myton-Wyk was 
 a port of some consequence in ancient times, where the Archbishops 
 of York had claimed and taken prises of merchandise."* 
 
 [Prisage, according to Blackstone (Com., vol. i., p. 315) means 
 the right of taking two tuns of wine from every ship, English or 
 foreign, importing into England twenty tuns or more ; one to be 
 taken before, and the other behind the mast. Each cask might be 
 redeemed by a money payment of 20s. The custom of prisage de- 
 rived its name from the French word prise, because it was taken in 
 specie out of the goods liable to the payment of the duty.] 
 
 In proving the early importance of Hull, Mr. Frost refers to the 
 accounts rendered by the Italian merchants that settled in this 
 country. These, for thirteen years, viz., from the 4th to the 16th 
 
 * The Archbishops of York exercised almost regal authority in the baronies of 
 Beverley, Patrington, Eipon, and other places. They had prisons and justices in 
 these towns, with full power to try, condemn, and execute criminals. In the four- 
 teenth century the Mayors of Hull disputed the right of the Archbishops to the 
 prises of wine in the river Hull, and claimed that advantage for themselves. In 
 several suits of law the prelates maintained their privileges, but, notwithstanding 
 this, it was almost impossible for their officers to collect their dues. At length Arch- 
 bishop Neville determined to enforce the restitution of his rights in person. In 1378 
 he came to Hull, and whilst contending the question with the Mayor, Sir Thomas de 
 Waltham, the latter, being a choleric man, suddenly wrested the crozier out of the 
 prelate's hands, and with it struck one of his Grace's attendants. This was the 
 signal for a general assault on the Archbishop's people by the bailiffs and followers of 
 the Mayor, and some blood was spilt in the scuffle. •' The enraged Knight (writes 
 Tickell) perhaps to give weight to his argument, wounded several of the Bishop's 
 party with the crozier." Complaint of this outrage being made to the King, the 
 Mayor and Bailiffs, and several others, were summoned to Westminster, to answer for 
 the riot; and after the lapse of a whole century of expensive litigation between the 
 Crown and the Archbishop, judgment was given for the King, chiefly on the ground 
 that the charter did not contain the words " Prisas Vini " in express terms. After 
 this decision the Archbishops did not claim prisage, but there were other franchises 
 and liberties which, as lords of the port of Hull, they still claimed. 
 
 Macpherson, in his " Annals of Commerce," tells us, that the people of Hull used 
 to pay certain duties to the city of York, and were also in some degree of subjection 
 to the Archbishop till the -26th of Edward I. (1298), when under the appellation of the 
 King's men of Kingston-upon-Hull, they petitioned that Monarch that their town 
 might be made a free burgh, and had the prayer of that petition granted. We may 
 add that there appears to be no vestige remaining iu Hull of the above " subjection," 
 but the Archbishop's coat of arms over the Cross Keys Hotel, which is a permanent 
 memorial of his former power.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 279 
 
 of Edward I., inclusive, held the Great Customs of England and 
 Wales, as a security for the sum of £23,000., which they had ad- 
 vanced to supply the urgent necessities of Edward, soon after his 
 accession to the throne ; and from the Great Roll of the Pipe he 
 quotes the sums received by Buonricim Gidicon and other mer- 
 chants of Lucca, in respect of the customs of wool, woolfels, and 
 leather, exported from Hull, within four consecutive years, to shew 
 that the duties received here amounted to nearly one-seventh of the 
 aggregate sum taken throughout the whole kingdom. 
 
 The import trade into Hull, particularly in the article of wine, 
 was at the same time very considerable. In 1290 (18 Edw. I.) 
 Joricius le Fleming was appointed to take the King's Recta Prisa 
 of wines coming to the port of Hull. In the following year Gervas 
 de Clifton, then Sheriff of Yorkshire, paid, in obedience to the King's 
 writ, £78. 2s. 10£d., for the carriage by land and water of 415 doles 
 or tuns and pipes of wine from Hull to Brustwyk (Burstwick) and 
 other places. Such was the state of commerce in this port imme- 
 diately preceding the year 1293, when it passed from the monks of 
 Meaux into the possession of the King, and received the name of 
 Kingston. The commerce of Hull now increased with great ra- 
 pidity, and the total amount with which the receivers stood charged 
 upon the Compotus for the duties on wool, woolfels, and leather, ex- 
 ported from Hull during the 23rd, 24th, and first part of the 25th 
 of Edward I., was no less than £10,802. 10s. Id. But the wools of 
 which the receivers were charged for the duties of the customs did 
 not comprise the whole of the wools exported from Hull, as the ac- 
 counts shew that 1,500 sacks of wool were exported by different 
 companies of Italian merchants during the above period, the duties 
 thereon being £3,120. These 1,500 sacks of wool were exported on 
 the King's account, in respect of the debts owing to these merchants, 
 as above intimated ; it being the custom to allow the wools of the 
 Italian companies, who were creditors of the Crown, to be sent 
 abroad on giving credit for the amount of the duties or customs. 
 Hence it appears that one-third of the commerce of Hull, and per- 
 haps of the whole country, was carried on by these foreign mer- 
 chants. 
 
 In the year 1298 (26 Edw. I.) writs were issued to the Sheriffs of
 
 280 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 counties, requiring them to make proclamation that merchants were 
 to take their wools and leather to either of the following towns for 
 exportation : — Kingston-upon-Hull, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Boston, 
 Yarmouth, Ipswich, London, Sandwich, Southampton, or Bristol. 
 Bj these regulations Hull was not only constituted one of the few 
 ports in the kingdom from which alone the great native commodities 
 of the country might legally be exported, but was assigned as the 
 sole port of exportation for the great county of York ; and while the 
 statute of the staple, which passed in the following year, made York 
 a staple town for the receipt of duties, it required that all goods which 
 might come there, should afterwards be brought to Hull to be re- 
 weighed prior to exportation. 
 
 In consequence of the decay of the towns of Hedon and Raven- 
 spurne, the trade of Hull was materially increased. From the 
 accounts of John Liversege and John Tuttebury, in the year 1400, 
 wine appears to have been one of the principal articles of import. 
 Among other items we find salt, canvas, Spanish iron, linen cloth, 
 paper, wax, spices, bow-staves, seed-oil, fur, gloves, scoops, wooden 
 dishes, resin, copper, patten-clogs, and horns for lanterns. Among 
 the exports are woollen cloths, worsted, coals, lead, and calf skins. 
 
 Enough having been stated to shew that the port of Kingston-upon- 
 Hull was a most important one in early times, we shall now glance 
 at one of its chief branches of commerce at a later period. The 
 merchants of Hull may be said to have given birth in this country 
 to that hazardous but once profitable branch of commerce — Whale 
 Fishing. The Rev. Dr. Scoresby, in his History of the North Whale 
 Fishery, says the first attempt by the English to capture the whale, 
 of which we have any account, was made in the year 1594. Elking, 
 in his View of the Greenland Trade, observes that the merchants of 
 Hull, who were ever remarkable for their assiduous and enterprising 
 spirit, fitted out ships for the whale fishery as early as the year 1598, 
 being about half a century after the discovery of Greenland by Sir 
 Hugh Willoughby. Although the English had by rapid strides 
 established the whale fishery, says Scoresby, yet they had not the 
 opportunity of reaping much of the benefit from the trade before 
 other nations presented themselves as competitors. It was this en- 
 terprising spirit on the part of the Hull merchants, in equipping
 
 HrSTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 281 
 
 ships for the whale and walrus fisheries of Spitsbergen, which led 
 to the discovery by them of Jan Magen, or Trinity Island, and to 
 the establishment of a whale fishery there at a very early period. 
 
 The Russian Company wishing to monopolise this branch of 
 commerce, disputed the right of the Hull merchants to participate 
 in it, and wished to debar them from visiting that island. In con- 
 sequence, however, of a representation of the facts, King James, in 
 1618, privileged the Corporation of Hull with a grant of the Jan 
 Magen Island whale fishery. The South Sea Company, though 
 they had persevered in the whale fishing for several years, and had 
 thereby sunk a vast sum of money, determined to abandon it after 
 the season of 1732, and the trade then became wholly monopolised 
 by the Dutch; but having afterwards received a bounty from Go- 
 vernment, this Company determined to resume the trade. The 
 bounty first offered to adventurers consisted of an annual award of 
 20s. per tun on the tonnage of all British whale fishing ships of 
 200 tuns and upwards ; but in 1749 this bounty was increased to 
 40s. per tun. After the passing of this Act the British whale 
 fishery began to assume a more respectable appearance. In 1771 
 the bounty was reduced to 30s. per tun for a term of five years, and 
 to 20s. a ton for a third term of the same duration. The whole 
 awards and bounties of this Act were then, in 1786, to terminate. 
 In 1782 the town of Hull petitioned parliament, shewing that since 
 the diminution of the bounty, in 1771, few ships were fitted out for 
 the whale fisheries; that the ships in the trade had also decreased 
 in number so considerably, that it was apprehended this valuable 
 branch of trade would be entirely lost; and they prayed that the 
 bounty might be again advanced to 40s. per tun. Few ships were 
 sent to the fisheries after 1771, the year in which the bounty was 
 reduced, until the Government deemed it necessary to increase the 
 bounty to 30s. per tun — limiting it, however, to 300 tuns. 
 
 Hull is indebted for the revival of this trade to Mr., afterwards 
 Sir Samuel Standige. This spirited merchant sent a ship to Green- 
 land on his own account in 1766, which returned with one whale 
 and 400 seals. Previous to this time the skins of seals were gen- 
 erally thrown overboard as worthless ; but Mr. Standige sent them 
 into the country to be tanned into leather (the tanners of Hull 
 
 2 o
 
 282 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 having refused to foul their pits with them), and in this way ren- 
 dered them worth 5s. per skin. Stimulated by his success, he 
 fitted out two more ships in the following year, which were also 
 successful. In 1780, after the bounty of 30s. per tun had been 
 granted, 21 vessels were fitted out for the fisheries from this port ; 
 in 1787, 30 vessels ; and in 1788, 35 vessels, four of which belonged 
 to Mr. Standige. The probable cause of this increase was the grant 
 of the bounty. From the year 1788 to 1796, the number of vessels 
 sent out was rather on the decrease. From 1796 the number of 
 vessels sent out gradually increased ; and as long as the trade was 
 of any importance, the port of Hull had about two-fifths of the 
 whole; 53 vessels averaging about 100 tons burden, with about 50 
 men each being yearly employed, on an average, from 1810 to 1818, 
 during which time the average from all British ports was 131. In 
 the years 1818 and 1819, 64 vessels were each year equipped for 
 the fisheries — the largest number ever sent from Hull. From this 
 period the number of ships sent out gradually declined. The year 
 1821 was a very disastrous one — 10 vessels having been lost — the 
 greatest number ever lost in one year. The number of whalers 
 from Hull in 1822 was 40 ; in 1826, 32 ; and in 1828, 30. In 
 1830 the total number of British ships engaged in the fishery trade 
 was 91 ; of which number Hull contributed 33, and her vessels 
 brought home 339 of the total number of 871 whales that were 
 captured. In 1832 Hull sent 30 ships, the number for all England 
 being 39, and for Scotland, 42. In 1833, though the number of 
 ships from Hull was only 27, yet it was the most prosperous year 
 recorded, the number of whales caught being 589, which produced 
 5,024 tuns of oil ; or an average of 186 tuns of oil per ship. In this 
 year the " Isabella," Captain Humphreys, belonging to this port, 
 was so fortunate as to be instrumental in saving the lives of Com- 
 modore Ross and his gallant crew, who had been in the icy regions 
 four years, and were supposed to have perished. (See p. 163.) It 
 was somewhat singular that Captain Ross had been the commander 
 on board this identical vessel some years previously. 
 
 The year 1834 was of all years the most disastrous — eight ships 
 only having been fitted out, of which small number six were lost. 
 From this year to 1846 only one and sometimes two ships were
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-nULL. 283 
 
 sent out to the fisheries. In 1840 the trade rather revived, and 14 
 vessels, mostly small ones, were sent out. Since then the trade has 
 Gradually decreased ; and of late years few ships have left this port 
 for Greenland. Whales became scarce, and owing to the introduc- 
 tion of coal gas light, oil of this description fell so low in price as to 
 be far from remunerative. 
 
 The Government bounties, formerly so great an inducement, 
 having long since been abolished, there is no probability of this 
 trade becoming again what it was long celebrated for being — the 
 most famous nursery of British seamen ; and perhaps it is as well 
 for Hull that such is the case, and that this branch of trade has 
 dwindled away ; for even during its highest prosperity it was the 
 opinion of well informed men that the Greenland fishery had been 
 greatly overdone, and had been productive of injury to the general 
 trade of the port, by absorbiug an undue proportion of capital from 
 other branches of commerce.* 
 
 * The statistics that follow have been gathered from an interesting paper on the 
 Whale Fisheries (published in the " Journal of the Statistical Society " for March, 
 1S54) which was prepared and read before the British Association here, in 1 853, by 
 Henry Munroe ,Esq., M.D., F.L.S., of Hull, whose father was a very successful Green- 
 land Captain. From the year 1772 to that of 1852, a period of 80 years, 194 ships were 
 fitted out and sailed from this port to the whale fisheries of Greenland and Davis's 
 Straits. Out of this number 80 were lost, and sis more taken by our enemies in war 
 time. Among the ships reckoned lost, two, the Clapham (commanded by Captain 
 Munroe) and Fame, were burnt at sea. Some of the vessels from Hull made many 
 voyages to the fisheries ; amongst which may be noticed the ship Truelove, which 
 sailed to that cold country 58 times, first in 1784, and last in 1S52. The ship Man- 
 chester (old) made 49 voyages; the Elizabeth, 43 voyages; the Ellison, 40; the Sarah 
 and Elizabeth, 39 ; the Egginton, 35 ; and the Molly, 32 voyages. From 1812 to 1821 
 inclusive, between 2,000 and 3,000 sailors were annually sent from thence in the 
 whale-fishing ships; and for 40 years above 1,000 were sent. Considering that the 
 greater part of these were heads of families, some idea of the vast number of in- 
 dividuals, whose only support was from the produce of the whale fisheries, may be 
 formed — in addition to the many thousands actually engaged in the fitting out of the 
 vessels with stores and other necessaries. During the 80 years, the Hull whaling 
 ships took 85,644 men— an average of 1,070 per year. During these 80 years the 
 Hull whalers brought home 171,907 tuns of oil; which is an average of 88 tuns per 
 ship per annum. This quantity of oil realised the immense sum of ,£5,158,080., 
 being an average of £64,774. per year for the 80 years — taking the average price of 
 oil at what it was for the majority of the 80 years, viz., £'30. per tun. The highest 
 price obtained for oil was about the year 1813, when it was sold as high as £55. 
 per tun. It was at its lowest price about the years 1804, 1805, and 1800, when it 
 only reached about £20. per tun. The lowest number of tuns brought to the town 
 for the 80 years above mentioned, was five tuns in 1837, when only one ship was sent
 
 284 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 The commerce of Hull — that rich mine of wealth from which all 
 her public institutions draw their main support — now consists of 
 the coasting trade, of which it enjoys a greater share than any other 
 port in England, London alone excepted ; and the Baltic and East- 
 land trade, for which the port is peculiarly well situated. The 
 Baltic trade received a shock during the revolutionary wars, from 
 the hostile occupation of the ports of that sea ; and there was also a 
 cessation of that trade during the continuance of the late war with 
 Russia in the Crimea. 
 
 The chief articles imported to Hull are timber, corn, iron, wool, 
 flax, hemp, tallow, hides, pitch, tar, resin, bone, horn, &c. ; and the 
 exports are principally woollen and cotton goods, hardware, &c. 
 The coasting and inland trade, from the peculiar adaptation of its 
 locality, as above intimated, is one of the chief branches of profit to 
 Hull ; and of this trade, owing to the facility of communication with 
 the manufacturing districts of Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Notting- 
 hamshire, by means of the Ouse and the Trent, the Aire and the 
 Calder, and by the canals communicating with them, as well as by 
 the railway communication which Hull has with all parts of the 
 kingdom, no other provincial port in Britain has so great a share. 
 Hull, therefore, is the port from which the cottons of Manchester, 
 the woollens and linens of Yorkshire, and the lace and net of Notting- 
 
 out; and the greatest number of tuns obtained in a year was 7,976 in 1820, when 62 
 vessels were sent. The most successful year was 1833, when 27 sbips brought home 
 the immense amount of 5,024 tuns of oil. In the year LS33 each ship brought, on an 
 average 186 tuns of oil; in 1828, 176; in 1809, 154; in 1827, 152; in 1832, 150; in 
 1801, 147; in 1808, 138; in 1823, 138; in 1812, 132; in 1805, 129; in 1811, 128; 
 and in 1820, 128 tuns of oil. In estimating the quantity of whalebone, Dr. Munroe 
 took a fair average of bone in proportion to the oil, allowing one hundred weight of 
 bone for every tun of oil ; and calculating the average price of bone for the 80 years 
 at £200. per ton. The gross amount of bone was 8,556 tons, which realised the sum 
 of £1,691,200. being the average of £21,140. per year. For eleven of those years 
 the value of bone brought here has been above £50,000. per ann. For one year the 
 amount of oil and bone brought from the fisheries to Hull realised above £300,000. ; 
 for 12 years the amount was above £200,000. per ann. ; and for 16 years it was above 
 £100,000. per annum. The total value of the gross amount of oil and bone fished 
 out of the vast deep by ships sailing from this port, from 1772 to 1852, amounts to 
 £6,847,580., being on the average £85,594. per year for the 80 years. In these calcu- 
 lations the bounty guaranteed by Government, which would increase the value of the 
 return by many thousand pounds, is not taken into account.
 
 HISTORY OF KJNGSTON-UrON-HULL. 285 
 
 ham, are exported to the Low Countries, France, Germany, and the 
 north of Europe. 
 
 The prosperity of Hull has been greatly increased by steam navi- 
 gation, and the port is now an important steam packet station. In 
 1815 the first steam boat on the Humber, called the " Caledonia," 
 was built for the purpose of plying between Hull and Selby. In 
 1826 there were 24 steam ships sailing along the coast from Hull, 
 during the summer months — London being the greatest distance 
 to which any of them ran. About the year 1835 the number had 
 increased to about 40 — four being in the Hamburg trade, one to 
 Eotterdam, and three to London. In 1855, the number of steamers 
 that entered the port was 786, the tonnage being 225,110 ; and 
 the steamers that sailed out of the port in the same year was 772, 
 with a tonnage of 212,986. In 1860 there were 1,182 steamboats 
 inwards, tonnage 350,922; and 1,191 outwards, aggregating 360,290 
 tons. 
 
 In 1775 the tonnage of the port of Hull amounted to 109,491; 
 in 1805 it was 174,964; in 1835 it was 413,135; in 1840 the 
 gross tonnage of steamers and sailing ships, on which dock duties 
 were paid, was 652,508 ; in 1852 it reached 799,886 ; and in 1860, 
 it attained 1,215,203 tons. In 1836 the shipping inwards, in tons, 
 was 490,044 ; in 1860, it amounted to 833,637 — the increase being 
 343,589. In 1836 the shipping outwards, in tons, was 421,938 ; 
 in 1860, it had risen to 798,213— the increase being 376,279. 
 The total increase, inwards and outwards, from 1836 to 1860 was 
 719,868 tons. In 1837, the vessels entering the port subject to 
 dock dues, exclusive of vessels not paying those dues, numbered 
 535,022; in 1860, the number was 1,215,203 — the increase being 
 680,181, or 133 per cent. 
 
 The number of ships or sailing vessels entered inwards at this port 
 (that is, vessels arriving over sea or from foreign parts, for the year 
 ending March 31st, 1863, was 1,878, and their aggregate tonnage 
 was 318,125. The number of steam vessels entered inwards over 
 sea, for the same year, was 1,148 of the aggregate burthen of 381,388 
 tons. The number of sailing vessels entered outwards over sea, 
 during that year, was 1,039, the aggregate tonnage being 150,844 ; 
 the number of steamers entered outwards for foreign countries was
 
 280 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 1,150, of the aggregate burthen of 375,556 tons. This gives a total 
 of vessels entered inwards for the said year, of 3,026, the burthen of 
 which amounted to 699,513 tons; and the ships and steamers en- 
 tered outwards, 2,189, the aggregate tonnage of which was 526,400. 
 In addition to these the number of steamers and ships that traded 
 between Hull and ail parts of the United Kingdom (i. e. coastwise) 
 during the year ending 31st December, 1862, was as follows : — 
 steamers outwards, 548, their tonnage being 101,587; steamers 
 inwards, 493, of the aggregate tonnage of 91,334. Sailing vessels 
 outwards, 786 ; tonnage 83,845. Sailing vessels inwards, 457, with 
 a tonnage of 52,450.* The number of vessels now registered in 
 this port is 589, the aggregate burthen of which is 67,843 tons. 
 
 According to the Board of Trade returns, the value of goods ex- 
 ported from Hull exceed that of all the other ports in England 
 put together — Loudon and Liverpool excepted. f The receipts of 
 the Hull Custom House for the past year were £284,276. 
 
 The annual Report of the Directors of the Hull Chamber of Com- 
 merce, for the year 1862, announced the total abolition of the tax 
 levied by Hanover on vessels navigating the Elbe, called the " Stade 
 Dues ;" and in the report of the same body for the present year, they 
 announced the abolition of the " Scheldt Dues." The Directors 
 congratulated the shipping and commercial interest of the country 
 
 * In or about the year 1819 the first steamers went seawards from Hull. The 
 "Kingston" and " Yorkshireman," Messrs. Weddle and Brownlow, owners, traded 
 between Hull and London. This firm subsequently changed its title first to Messrs. 
 Brownlow and Pearson, and then to Messrs. Brownlow, Lumsden, and Co. They 
 were the first to introduce steam between Hull and Hamburg, their first steamer 
 on that line being named the " London." For a number of years this firm has 
 run the finest and most powerful fleet of steamers from the port of Hull. Messrs. 
 Gee and Co., originally an important sailing ship company, now run a splendid fleet 
 of steam ships from Hull. This firm dispatched the first steamer to St. Petersburg 
 (the "Helen Mc. Gregor") on the 5th of June, 1845. The Messrs. \V. and C. L. 
 Piingrose, Messrs. C. M. Norwood and Co., and the Messrs. Thomas Wilson, Sons, 
 and Co., are also principal steam shipowners. There are besides several firms of a 
 minor class ; and some important foreign steam ship companies are connected with 
 the port. The largest shipping commerce are designated the Piotterdam, Antwerp, 
 Hamburg, and Petersburg trades. 
 
 + The declared value of goods exported from the following places, in 1860, was : — Li- 
 verpool, £65,000,000.; London, £30,800,000. ; Hull, £14,600,000. ; Bristol, £4,900,000.; 
 Hartlepool, £4,600,000.; Southampton, £2,700,000.; Newcastle, £1,900,000.; and 
 Great Grimsby, £800,000.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-llULL. 287 
 
 " on the fall of this last remnant of the obstruction to trade in the 
 sounds and rivers of Europe, which for so many years had impeded 
 its development and progress." It may be observed that Great 
 Britain has had to pay her proportion (and that a large one) in 
 buying up these tolls from the different continental powers. 
 
 The Docks. — It is somewhat remarkable that, commercially im- 
 portant as Hull appears to have been, even in the infancy of British 
 commerce, it was not till a comparatively recent period that those 
 conveniences for shipping, called docks, were formed. From the 
 position of the town, its advantages in reference to navigation are 
 obvious. Richard II. granted the haven of the town to the burgesses 
 (See p. 54), and for about four centuries after that the whole com- 
 merce of the port, as regarded wharfs and quays, was confined to the 
 river Hull, still known as the Old Harbour. Ships received and 
 discharged their cargoes, to a considerable extent, by means of lighters 
 and other small craft, whilst lying in the roads. "In 17 07, the 
 period just prior to the commencement of the dock operations, Hull 
 possessed no local quays for merchandise. The population then, of 
 what is now represented by the borough of Hull, was not more than 
 13,000 souls. At that period the trading enterprise of England was 
 becoming more and more developed (we quote from a carefully pre- 
 pared paper on the " Port of Hull," read by Mr. James Oldham, 
 C.E., before the British Association, at Manchester, and the Hull 
 Literary and Philosophical Society, in 1801, and kindly lent to us 
 by that gentleman, with permission to embody its substance in this 
 vol.); her shipping was found traversing every sea, and her banner 
 floated in the breeze in every known port throughout the world. It 
 was then felt that the east coast of England required better and 
 more ample accommodation for her mercantile navy, to enable her 
 merchants and manufacturers to import and export their wares 
 destined for and coming from the great manufacturing districts of 
 Lancashire and Yorkshire ; and no place was found so suitable, or 
 so well adapted for the purpose, as the port of Hull." Dock-works 
 at this time were little known or understood, and Mr. Oldham 
 thinks that but one dock then existed in the kingdom. 
 
 In the year 1772 it was intimated to the Custom House authori- 
 ties here, that unless the town of Hull would immediately co-operate
 
 Q88 HISTOBT OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 with the Board of Customs in the establishment of a legal quay, that 
 accommodation would be supplied elsewhere on the river Humber; 
 and thus threatened, the merchants of Hull, in conjunction with 
 the Corporations of the town and the Trinity House, formed, in 
 1773, the " Dock Company at Kingston-upon-Hull," for the pur- 
 pose of making a " wet dock " on the north side of the town. In 
 April, 1774, the new Company obtained their first Act of Parlia- 
 ment, by which the shareholders were incorporated, and empowered 
 to make " a basin or dock to extend from the river Hull to a certain 
 place in the town of Kingston-upon-Hull, called Beverley Gates, or 
 as near thereto as conveniently might be, and to make the same in 
 all parts equal in depth to the bed of the river, or at least within 
 fifteen inches of the same, for the admission of loaded ships, and of 
 such width at the least as the ground granted by the Act would 
 admit." The Company was also empowered to make a quay or 
 wharf, and other conveniencies and necessaries, and for the main- 
 tenance of the dock and quay, to levy certain rates or duties, to be 
 paid to the Company by all ships frequenting the port. The Com- 
 pany received from the Crown for dock purposes, " the gates, walls, 
 buildings, inner and outer ditches, ramparts, bastions, bridges and 
 bridgeways," of the town, extending from the North Gate to the 
 Hessle Gate, and from thence eastward, as far as Harry Ogle's 
 Tower, "subject to the yearly rental of five shillings, and no more, 
 to be paid by the Dock Company to His Majesty, and his succes- 
 sors, in lieu of rents, services, and all duties whatsoever." And 
 parliament voted the sum of £15,000. towards defraying the ex- 
 penses of the undertaking. The Act allowed seven years to com- 
 plete the dock, but the works were finished within four years. The 
 gentleman who accepted the terms and conditions of the Act for 
 makin<* the dock were, Messrs. Etherington, Joseph Sykes, Wil- 
 liamson, Corthine, Maister, Watson, Porter, Lambert, Blaydes, 
 Thompson, Dixon, Horner, Broadley, Waller, Pease, Welfitt, Ker, 
 Codd, Fowler, Outram, Travis, Haworth, Staniforth, Stack, Budd, 
 Hammond, Turner, Marklaud, and King. 
 
 The first stone of the lock-pit of the dock was laid with much 
 ceremony, on the 19th of October, 1775, by Joseph Outram, Esq., 
 Mayor of the town, and the work having proceeded without inter-
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 289 
 
 ruption, the dock was completed in 1778. On the 22nd of Septem- 
 ber in that year it was opened with great rejoicings. At eight 
 o'clock in the morning the ship called the Manchester (having on 
 board the Dock Company, a band of music, &c.) passed through the 
 dock gates, followed by another vessel called the Favourite, volleys 
 of musketry being fired by the military who lined the ways between 
 the river and drawbridge ; and amidst the discharge of cannons, and 
 the tumultuous applause and general joy of the whole people. The 
 works were conducted by Mr. John Grundy, C.E. Thus was ac- 
 complished a work of vast importance to the future prosperity of 
 Hull ; and the commencement made of a series of docks to be pro- 
 vided as the growing trade of the port demanded ; and thus have 
 these formidable military walls and ditches of the town given way 
 to the industrious establishment of commercial appliances.* 
 
 Whilst Hull contained but one dock, that one was known as The 
 Dock, but when a second dock was formed, the original one was 
 called the Old Dock, which title has been changed to that of the 
 Queens Dock, in honour of her Majesty Queen Victoria, who, on 
 her visit to Hull in October, 1854, steamed through the whole line 
 of existing docks (See p. 190). For the same reason, and to honour 
 His Royal Highness the Prince Consort, the name of the Junction 
 Dock was altered to the Prince's Dock. The names of these two 
 docks were formally changed by the Dock Company, on Wednes- 
 day, March 7th, 1855. The length of the Queen's Dock is 1,703 
 
 * The lock pit of this clock was taken down and rebuilt upon an enlarged and im- 
 proved plan, and the walls of the entrance basin secured by inverted arches in 1814-15, 
 at the expense of the Dock Company. Tn November, 1814, the workmen dug up the 
 foundation stone of the dock, and to their great disappointment, and contrary to what 
 is usually experienced, no coins were found in the cavity — the money usually appro- 
 priated for this purpose having been distributed among the workmen when the foun- 
 dation was laid. The brass plate affixed to the stone was in good preservation, and 
 the following is the inscription it bears: — "For the Improvement of Commerce, by 
 the Enlargement of the Port of Kingston-upon-Hull, His most Gracious Majesty 
 King George the Third did, with the consent of his Parliament, appropriate the 
 Military Works surrounding the Town, with a further Act of Eoyal and Parliamen- 
 tarian munificence. In gratitude to their Gracious Sovereign, and to transmit a 
 Dutiful Remembrance thereof to latest posterity, the Dock Company have caused 
 this to be inserted on the First Stone, which was laid by Joseph Outram, Esq., Mayor, 
 the 19th day of October, 1775." This dock was re-opened for the reception of ship- 
 ping, November 13th, 1815. 
 
 2 P
 
 290 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 feet ; breadth, 254 feet ; area, 48,074 square yards, or 9a. 3r. 29p. ; 
 and it is capable of affording accommodation to one hundred square 
 rigged vessels. 
 
 The original number of shares held by the Dock Company was 
 120, but the trade of the port requiring further accommodation, 
 parliament, in 1802, empowered the Company to increase that 
 number to 180, and the money arising from the sixty additional 
 shares, amounting to £82,390., was appropriated towards making 
 a new dock, the first stone of which was laid April 13, 1803. This 
 undertaking was completed at an expense of £220,000., and opened 
 on the 30th of June, 1809. The Act for the formation of this dock 
 provided, that half the expense should be furnished by the Muni- 
 cipal Corporation ; and in pursuance of an arrangement entered into 
 with Government, the dock was constructed to accommodate, if 
 necessary, ships of war of fifty guns. It is called the Humber Dock, 
 and communicates with the river or estuary, whence it takes its 
 name, by a lock of excellent construction, and a basin protected by 
 piers. The average length of this dock is 914 feet ; breadth, 342 
 feet; area, 34,607 square yards, or 7a. Or. 24p. ; and it is fitted to 
 contain seventy square-rigged ships. The celebrated John Kennie 
 was the engineer-in-chief. The site of this dock was a play-ground 
 near Hessle Gate, and was called " Butt Close." 
 
 The trade of the port having still further increased, a third dock 
 became a necessity, and the Company possessing the power given 
 them in their Humber Dock Act, of constructing a third dock, 
 whenever the tonnage of the shipping therein specified reached a 
 certain amount; the works of the Junction Dock (now Prince's 
 Dock) were commenced towards the close of the year 1826. The 
 first stone of the south lock pit was laid on the 10th of September, 
 1827, with all the ceremonies usual on such occasions, and the 
 whole was completed and opened on the 1st of June, 1829, at the 
 sole expense of the Hull Dock Company, and at a cost of £186,000. 
 The length of the dock is 645 feet ; breadth, 407 feet; area, 29,191 
 square yards, or 6a. Or. 5p. ; and it will hold sixty square rigged 
 vessels. The Queen's and Humber Docks were imperfect without 
 this third dock. Till its construction, the Queen's Dock opened 
 only into the river Hull, by which alone it eventually communicated
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-ITUU,. 291 
 
 with the Huraber ; but, by the completion of the Junction Dock, 
 the connecting link was added to a series of works of marine ac- 
 commodation not to be equalled throughout the kingdom. It forms 
 a direct and open communication with the Old, or Queen's Dock 
 from the Humber, so as completely to obviate the necessity of ships 
 going into the old harbour, the crowded state of the channel of 
 which is often attended with accident, and always with delay and 
 difficulty of passage. The locks at each end of this last mentioned 
 dock, by which the communication with the other two docks is kept 
 up, are upon a scale to admit the passage of vessels of 800 tons bur- 
 then ; and all vessels in the docks may always lie afloat. As a 
 part of the ceremony observed on the clay of opening the Junction 
 Dock, the Trinity-House Yacht, gaily decorated with the colours of 
 all nations, performed the circuit of the old town ; and, as we have 
 already seen, her Majesty the Queen, on the occasion of her visit to 
 Hull, passed round the town by the same route. These three 
 docks occupy the exact site of the ancient fortifications of the town, 
 and the peaceful labours of the mercantile mariner are now carried 
 on where the yells and execrations of an infuriated soldiery once 
 scared the industrious citizen from his avocations, and the murderous 
 culverin insulted the majesty of heaven with its mimic thunders. 
 
 Mr. James Walker was the engineer of this dock. The site of 
 the dock was known as the Old Artillery Ground, and was the exer- 
 cise ground of the old Yeomanry Corps. 
 
 " The period which elapsed between the opening of the Humber 
 Dock in 1809, and that of the Prince's Dock in 1829, produced the 
 application of steam as a propelling power to vessels (we quote from 
 Mr. Oldham's paper) — effecting such a revolution in maritime affairs 
 as will not be checked until every department of its operations shall 
 have been affected thereby. The effect of the element thus applied 
 was soon felt in our shipping interest, and as Hull was amongst 
 the very first ports to apply this new and wonderful power, so it has 
 gone on increasing in importance in its river, coasting, and foreign 
 trade, requiring continually increased accommodation for its splendid 
 fleet of steamers and other shipping." 
 
 The necessity for particular accommodation for steam navigation 
 having become very great, an influential party strongly urged the
 
 292 HISTORY OF KTNOSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 necessity and advantage of converting the old harbour into a dock 
 for ordinary ships, and of giving up the Humber Dock for the use 
 of steam vessels. Plans and reports for carrying out this scheme 
 ■were prepared in 1835, by Mr. Oldham and others, and the Dock 
 Company were memorialised on the subject ; but the movement 
 failed. 
 
 In 1838 a new Company was formed for the construction of a 
 dock on the site of the present Victoria Dock, when a design by Mr. 
 Oldham was adopted, and that gentleman was appointed engineer 
 for the project ; but for want of support the scheme was withdrawn. 
 
 In 1844 the old Dock Company obtained parliamentary powers 
 to construct two new docks, which are now known as the Victoria 
 aud the Railway Docks. The Railway Dock, which is of small 
 dimensions compared with the others, branches out westward of the 
 Humber Dock, and approximates to the Railway Goods Station. 
 It was formed to aid the transfer of goods from ship to rail, or 
 vice versa, and was opened for shipping on the 3rd of December, 
 1846. Its area is 13,130 square yards. The cost of its erection is 
 £106,000. Rails are laid on both sides, in connection with the 
 before-mentioned station, so that vessels can be laden and unladen 
 with great dispatch. An extensive pile of very fine warehouses has 
 been erected on one of the quays. At the entrance to the dock is a 
 level bridge — the first of the kind constructed at Hull. The site of 
 this dock was formerly called Dock Green. 
 
 The Victoria Dock lies on the east side of the town, and is con- 
 nected by basins with the rivers Humber and Hull. The first stone 
 of this dock was laid November 5th, 1845, by John Beadle, Esq., 
 aud it was formally opened on Wednesday, 3rd of July, 1850.* 
 
 * The ceremony of opening the Victoria Dock was very imposing, and the interest- 
 ing proceedings were witnessed by at least 30,000 persons. All the principal shops 
 in the town were closed ; the bells of the different churches rang merrily ; the vessels 
 in the docks displayed their gayest colours ; flags were suspended from many houses 
 in the town; and bands of music paraded the streets. At half-past ten o'clock, the 
 Mayor and Corporation of the town, the Corporation of Trinity Hcuse, the Directors, 
 &c, of the Dock Company, the heads of public departments, a number of merchants 
 and shipowners, and otbers, accompanied by the band of the 46th regiment, went in 
 procession from the Dock Office to the Victoria Dock. A platform had been erected 
 upon the western side of the entrance to the basin, together with a booth capable of 
 accommodating several hundred persons. This was occupied by the gentlemen who
 
 HISTORY OF KTTTOSTON-TJPON-IIUT.T,. 293 
 
 The area of the dock is 12a. 3r. 13p., that of the half tidal basin is 
 3a., the outer basin measures 2a. 3r., and the Drypool basin 1a. 
 Or. 20p. It is calculated to hold 120 square-rigged ships. The 
 cost of the dock was upwards of £300,000.* 
 
 This present year (1803) the Victoria Dock was extended in an 
 eastward direction, by the addition of about eight acres ; and still 
 further eastward, a new timber pond, covering about twelve acres, 
 was formed. The old timber pond in connexion with this dock is 
 being enlarged by adding to it a portion of the foreshore of the 
 Humber. The Dock Company too, have obtained possession of the 
 fosse on the north side of the old Citadel, and have this year filled 
 it up and converted it into a fine quay for timber. 
 
 After the completion of the last mentioned docks, it was thought 
 for a few years that now at least there is sufficient accommodation 
 for the shipping of the port; but the cry was soon raised, that the 
 steam ships were rapidly increasing in number and size, and that 
 
 had taken part in the procession, and their friends. Opposite the booth, and on the 
 other side of the basin, was a smaller erection of the same character, in which was 
 stationed the military band. The sides of the dock were thickly lined with spectators, 
 and the scene, 'viewed from the booth, was very soul-stirring and animated. The 
 " oldest inhabitant " had not witnessed so large a concourse of people in Hull before. 
 At a few minutes past eleven the gates of the basin were opened, and then the Chair- 
 man of the Dock Company (T. Firbank, Esq.) declared the dock open to the trade 
 and commerce of the world, and its name to be the Victoria Dock, after our beloved 
 and gracious Queen. The Vicar of Holy Trinity parish then implored the blessing 
 of the Almighty upon the undertaking. The signal for the complete opening of the 
 dock was given by the firiug of a salute from a battery in the Citadel, and very shortly 
 after, the Trinity House Yacht passed through the basin, where she fired a salute; 
 and after her passed in rapid succession a number of steam vessels gaily decorated, 
 and crowded to the water's edge — forming an aquatic procession — passing through 
 the lock-pit amidst the booming of cannon, the strains of martial music, and the loud 
 huzzas of thousands. The appearance of the squadron in the new dock was most 
 interesting and beautiful. The Mayor (T. W. Palmer, Esq.) then congratulated the 
 Dock Company on the completion and opening of this magnificent dock, and also the 
 other public bodies, the " unnumbered thousands " there assembled, all the inhabi- 
 tants of Hull and the country at large, on the increasing importance of its commerce. 
 The vast assemblage then dispersed. In the evening the Directors of the Dock Com- 
 pany gave a dinner at the Public Kooms to the merchants and others of the town. 
 
 * On the completion of the Eailway and Victoria Docks, the Directors gave a com- 
 plimentary banquet to the engineer of the works (J. B. Hartley, Esq.) and their 
 secretary (W. H. Huffam, Esq.), at the Station Hotel, on the 27th of June, 1854. 
 After dinner the Directors presented each of these gentlemen with a splendid silver 
 epergne.
 
 294 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 dock and quay space were greatly required. The agitation for more 
 dock accommodation began to set in pretty firmly about the year 
 1857, and in 1859 the Dock Company appeared again in parlia- 
 ment with a plan for constructing docks on the site of the Citadel. 
 But, owing to a strong opposition to their bill, the scheme was 
 withdrawn. 
 
 In the year 1860 a new body, called the West Dock Company, 
 was formed for the purpose of constructing a dock on the foreshore 
 west of the Humber Dock entrance. And here it should be noticed 
 that Alderman Thomas Thompson suggested, a quarter of a century 
 ago, the site of this very foreshore as the best situation for a new 
 dock ; and at that gentleman's request, Mr. Oldham prepared a de- 
 sign, which the worthy Alderman published in February, 1836. 
 The West Dock Company was supported by the Corporations of the 
 town and the Trinity House, by the North Eastern Railway Com- 
 pany, and by many of the leading gentlemen and merchants of Hull. 
 The proposed entrance to this dock would have been about opposite 
 to Cogan-street, and the works would have extended westward about 
 1,000 yards, including the entrance lock. The water area would 
 have been fourteen acres. The Old Dock Company, at once, took 
 the necessary steps, under the advice of their able and learned soli- 
 citor, W. H. Moss, Esq., to secure powers for constructing an ad- 
 ditional dock and other works, on the same site, but of a somewhat 
 more comprehensive plan. The rival companies appeared in par- 
 liament to promote their respective and opposing schemes, and after 
 a long and severe contest the plan of the old body received the ap- 
 proval of the Committee of the House of Commons ; and their bill, 
 with certain modifications, passed into law in 1861. The plan of 
 the old company appears to have been superior to that of the op- 
 posing party — having three acres more area of water surface, a much 
 better form of entrance, and other advantages. The works of this 
 dock commenced in the early part of the present year (1863). 
 
 The dock will extend westwards to the end of Neptune-street, a 
 distance of about 1,034 yards. The area of the dock will be 17 
 acres. The entrance lock will be of ample dimensions, and will 
 possess the novel, but highly advantageous arrangement of a middle 
 pair of gates. The length of the lock between the extreme gates is
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 295 
 
 to be 400 feet, and the clear width will be 80 feet. Owing to the 
 existence of the central gates of the lock, the trade of the dock need 
 never be interrupted in case of accident to any one pair of gates. 
 This fine lock will enable the largest steam ships to enter and de- 
 part at all times when there is sufficient depth of water on the sill 
 to float them — an advantage of great importance to the admission 
 and despatch of steamers, before unknown in the port — for fre- 
 quently a tide may be saved, where, under the present inadequate 
 system, great inconvenience may often be felt. The sills of the 
 West Dock are to be placed several feet lower than those of the ex- 
 isting docks, giving an additional advantage in depth of water. 
 The present basin of the Humber Dock is to be enlarged, and will 
 become the combined basin of the Humber and West Docks. It 
 will measure about 1,000 feet in length by about 300 in width, 
 having an area of 7 acres. In addition to the area of the new dock, 
 the Company have secured the right of foreshore, of a given width, 
 to the extremity of the borough, westward, about 946 yards, on 
 which to make any future extension of dock accommodation. The 
 engineer of this dock is Mr. John Hawkshaw, and the contractor for 
 it and the Victoria Dock extension is Mr. W. Mc. Cormack, M.P.* 
 Mr. Oldham wisely observed in the before-mentioned paper on 
 the Port of Hull, that for the general trade of the port, and particu- 
 larly the steam-boat service, a better site than the one chosen for 
 the West Dock could not be fixed upon ; " for it will," as he said, 
 " be easy of access at almost any state of the tide. Having also 
 accommodation wharfs on both sides, and being surrounded by rail- 
 ways, great despatch may be used in the movement of goods both 
 
 * Previously to the passing of the Hull and Selby Eailway Act, the public had the 
 uncontrolled right, from time immemorial, of using the Humber Bank, the ancient 
 highway from Hull to Hessle. The Eailway Company was permitted to make their 
 line on a portion of the foreshore of the river, immediately in front of this ancient 
 footpath ; and the public from thence has been deprived of their privilege of walking 
 along the river side. But, according to the West Dock Act, the Dock Co. fat the 
 instance of the Local Board of Health, and the suggestion of their Law Clerk, C. S. 
 Todd, Esq.), are bound to erect a promenade twelve feet wide, the whole length of 
 the west foreshore, from the entrance of the West Dock to the extremity of the borough 
 — a distance of about two miles — to be opened at all times ; with three landing places. 
 This is an equivalent for the ancient footpath, the use of which has been so long lost 
 to the inhabitants of the town.
 
 296 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 into and out of the ships. Having also a long line of river wall, 
 with suitable landing places for passengers and cattle, considerable 
 loss of time will be avoided in shipping and landing." 
 
 The dock space of the port at present (exclusive of the before- 
 mentioned extension of the Victoria Dock) is 42a. Ir. 15p., with 
 tidal basins covering 6a. 2 k. 3p. There are 24 acres of wharfs, aud 
 16,450 lineal feet of quayage or berths for ships. The West Dock, 
 as already intimated, will have an area of 17 acres, with a tidal 
 basin of 4a. Or. 21p., au area of wharfs of 24 acres, 5,460 lineal 
 feet of quayage for ships berths inside, and 3,600 feet outside. In 
 addition to the foregoing, the Dock Company will have the two 
 large timber ponds already mentioned. 
 
 The Ferry Boat Bock is a tidal harbour containing H acre and 
 1,100 lineal feet of lauding quays, aud was constructed by the 
 Corporation of Hull, iu 1831. It was subsequently altered into its 
 present form. A neat aud convenient pier, formerly called the Cor- 
 poration Pier, but since the Queen's visit, the Victoria Pier, was 
 erected in 1847-8, on the site of the old breakwater jetty which 
 stood for many years, but was not connected with the shore as at 
 present. At this period the Corporation expended above £10,000. 
 on the piers and landing places of this dock. 
 
 The old tidal harbour, which, from the Xorth Bridge to its con- 
 fluence with the Huuiber, is 3,500 feet in length, and 200 feet 
 average width, gives an area of 16 acres. Hence, the port of Hull, 
 when the West Dock is finished, will possess about 87^ acres of 
 dock and tidal water space, 48 acres of wharfs, and upwards of 
 33,335 feet of quayage. 
 
 All the docks (iucluding the one in course of construction) com- 
 municate with each other. This is of the greatest importance, the 
 town being placed upon an extensive estuary ; for thereby the 
 danger is avoided of moving through the water of the Humber, 
 which, in the winter season, is often exceedingly turbulent. The 
 existing docks possess 6,000 lineal feet of private quayage, to a great 
 extent supplied with tramway communication, and open sheds for 
 the temporary storing of goods in transition. There are also cranes 
 iu all convenient situations along the quays, capable of lifting from 
 one to fifty tons. The warehouses, built by the Company within a
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 297 
 
 recent period, are of the most substantial character — presenting in 
 several parts of the port a very imposing appearance. The noble 
 range near Myton-gate Bridge is five stones high, and has a large 
 clock in the centre (at the top) facing the street ; and another splen- 
 did range in Wellington-street varies from five to seven stages in 
 height. These, and indeed the whole of the warehouses of the 
 Company, are of great strength, and, owing to the unsound nature 
 of the ground on which they stand, they have cost a large amount of 
 money. The light and elegant draw-bridges thrown over the locks 
 are most skilfully constructed. 
 
 The road or street from South-end, along the line of the docks to 
 the Dock-office at the north end of High-street, as well as the corres- 
 ponding quays on the opposite side of the Humber, Prince's and 
 Queen's Docks, are the property of the Dock Company, and kept by 
 them in repair, though that portion between south-end and north- 
 end is lined with houses, offices, shops, inns, &c. The latter line 
 of street or quay is commonly called " The Walls " — being the site 
 of the old fortified walls of Hull. There are several long low 
 wooden bar gates on the dock quays, that were formerly locked 
 every evening and unlocked early in the morning, by order of the 
 Company (the foot-ways only remaining open) ; but for many years 
 they have ceased to be closed at night, though some of the gates are 
 still locked on Sundays. 
 
 The deposit of mud in the docks, brought in by every returning 
 tide, is a source of annoyance and expense to the Dock Company. 
 The quantity amounts, on some occasions, to as much as 190,000 
 tons in a year. All this immense weight of stuff has to be dredged 
 by steam power, and conveyed away in barges to the midstream of 
 the Humber. But though the Humber is always highly charged 
 with alluvial matter, which it holds in suspension, and deposits in 
 the docks in enormous quantities, and although mud-banks and 
 sand-drifts exist in many parts of this great estuary, yet the channel 
 is free and deep through the whole course between Hull and the 
 sea. And while many rivers are obstructed by bars and banks, no 
 impediment exists in the approach to the Humber — so that the 
 very largest class of ships can enter or depart, night or day, dark 
 or light, without any danger except what is common to all naviga- 
 
 2 Q
 
 298 HISTOKY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 
 
 tion. The river is well buoyed and lighted, and on its coast, at 
 Stalliugborough, there are suitable posts and marks by which a mile 
 is measured, for the purpose of testing the speed of steam vessels. 
 
 A good feature in the Humber is its freedom from the teredo, 
 that destructive insect, which makes such ravages in the timber of 
 dock works and ships ; and which is found particularly active in 
 the ports of Liverpool, Bristol, Southampton, Portsmouth, Sheer- 
 ness, and many other places. 
 
 The Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Dock Company is 
 Thomas Firbank, Esq. ; the Deputy Chairman is William Wright, 
 Esq. ; the Solicitor is W. H. Moss, Esq. ; W. H. Huffam, Esq., is 
 the Secretary ; the Eugineer is Mr. K. A. Marillier ; aed the Su- 
 perintendent Dock Master is Mr. Dale Brown.* 
 
 * During the excavations for the Victoria Dock and its extension, very evident re- 
 mains of a subterraneous forest were discovered. In several places this year, at a 
 depth of about 32 feet from the surface, and beneath a seam of sand several feet in 
 thickness, quantities of wood was cut through, in a state almost of solution. In one 
 instance, the root and part of the stem of an immense oak, about 20 feet in circum- 
 ference, and in a good state of preservation, was exposed, and as it was on a level with the 
 bottom of the dock, it will probably continue in its original position until the end of 
 time. The remains of the trunks of two other large trees were also dug up. One of 
 them bore evident marks of fire. In some instances the wood was mixed with clay, 
 and was mostly as black as ebony, and when cut by the workmen's spades, soon 
 crumbled into dust by the action of the air. With respect to the probable date of 
 these trees, we cannot do better than quote a passage on the subject from our own 
 " History of York and the East Riding of Yorkshire," published in 1856. " The whole 
 district of the East Fading originally formed one immense and trackless forest. Much 
 of the original wood was destroyed by the Romans, who employed the captive natives 
 in the laborious occupation of clearing woods and draining marshes. Much more 
 was burnt to ashes during the ravages of the Saxons and Danes. As one of the objects 
 which the Eomans had in view in destroying the forests was to prevent the Britons 
 from concerting schemes of insurrection and revolt, it is probable that in some places 
 the trees, when rooted up or cut down, were allowed to remain on the marshy ground, 
 in which, in course of time, they became imbedded ; and abundant remains still exist, 
 at a certain depth beneath the surface, of trees, plants, roots, and brushwood, over a 
 great part of this district. Great quantities were found at Beverley, in the common 
 pastures of Swinemoor and Figham, when the Beverley and Barmston drain was cut; 
 and in many other marshy places, particularly at Eske, where not only great oak 
 trees have been taken up, generally with the roots attached, but trees of a lighter 
 description, such as hazel, and on these the nuts have been found in good preser- 
 vation, which shows evidently the season of the year when they were destroyed. 
 Many trees are frequently found in the neighbourhood of Eouth, and in other places 
 in the carrs. The depth at which they are discovered is usually from one to four feet.''
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-IIUIX. 299 
 
 bbt &0hnt. 
 
 The Town of Hull, " as it is to-day," however interesting to the 
 traveller or political economist, in a commercial point of view, offers 
 few objects to excite the curiosity or gratify the taste of the anti- 
 quary. No vestige remains of the venerable edifices which once 
 afforded shelter to the religious of the Augustinian, Carmelite, and 
 Carthusian orders ; of the royal palace of King Henry VIII. ; or of 
 the line of fortifications which enabled Sir John Hotham and the 
 parliamentarians to resist the entrance of King Charles I. within 
 its walls, when that Monarch presented himself at its gates. All 
 have been swept away by the tide of modern improvement. 
 
 The old town, which in shape forms an irregular triangle, is still, 
 as it has been for centuries, completely insulated by the rivers Hull 
 and Humber, and the basin and docks, which have been constructed 
 on the site of the ancient ditch or fosse. The newer portions of the 
 town consist of three unequal divisions. The houses in general are 
 of brick, for making which Hull has been long celebrated. Some 
 of the older streets are narrow and incommodious ; but the thorough- 
 fares in the other parts are spacious and regularly formed. Beyond 
 the limits of the ancient walls all is modern. 
 
 From the point where the Hull and Humber meet, the town now 
 extends about two miles westward along the northern bank of the 
 Humber, and rather more towards the north, along the western 
 bank of the Hull, from its mouth at the Humber, through High- 
 street, to the northern extremity of Sculcoates. The streets are all 
 well paved. In the ancient buildings little regard appears to have 
 been paid to elegance or regularity ; but most of the modern erec- 
 tions are neat, regular, and commodious, and in many instances 
 elegant. On the north side of the Queen's Dock is the parish of 
 Sculcoates, in which are several handsome streets and excellent 
 houses.* Many of the wealthy inhabitants reside in the southern 
 
 * Sculcoates, anciently Scliielcoytes or Scowscotts, can boast of & higher antiquity 
 than Hull, being mentioned in Domesday as one of the lordships of Ralph de Mor- 
 timer, one of the fortunate adventurers that accompanied the Conqueror from Nor- 
 mandy, and became lord of all the country surrounding Hull (See p. 15.) About the
 
 300 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 and south-western parts of this parish, adjoining the old town; 
 along the banks of the Hull there is a dense population of a low 
 kind, and several manufactories ; and at the south-eastern extremity 
 of the parish is a small district called the liberty of Trippet. West- 
 ward from the Humber Dock the town occupies the site of the an- 
 cient hamlet of Myton, which name it still retains ; and the new 
 and regularly-built district further westward, called the Pottery, 
 was anciently known as Myton Carr. 
 
 The parish of Drypool lies on the east side of the river Hull. 
 The Garrison-side is a small narrow piece of ground, running along 
 the left bank of the river Hull, between it and the Citadel site, and 
 containing some warehouses and timber yards, with a few houses. 
 
 The whole town stands on a low and level tract of land ; and the 
 vicinity is well secured by embankments from the dangers which it 
 formerly encountered through inundations. Around Hull, for 
 several miles, the country presents the same low and uniform level 
 on which the town itself is built, and being almost destitute of wood, 
 have a naked and unpicturesque appearance. But the noble river 
 — the Humber — and the vessels constantly sailing on it, is a grand 
 feature in the scene. On the eastern side of the town is the flat 
 peninsula called Holderness, which stretches out to the German 
 Ocean at Spurn Point, a distance of twenty miles from Hull. On 
 the west side the land becomes higher near Hessle, a few miles 
 distant, where commences a range of wolds or elevated grounds, 
 which extends from that place to Flamborough Head on the eastern 
 coast, forming a sort of semicircle. This range of wold is inter- 
 sected by several beautiful valleys. 
 
 year 1174 Benedictus de Sculcoates (one of the principal benefactors of the Abbey of 
 Meaux), appears to have been in possession of the manor. In 1378 Michael de la 
 Pole, Earl of Suffolk, granted it to the Carthusian Priory of St. Michael, which he 
 founded there. After the dissolution of that Monastery, the manor of Sculcoates 
 appears to have been assigned to the Crown, till 1557, (4 Phil, and Mary), when it was 
 sold to Sir Henry Gate, Knt. and Thomas Dalton, Alderman of Hull. It subsequently 
 passed through various hands, and was divided and subdivided by successive sales 
 and portions. The parish of Sculcoates is locally situated in the Hunsley Beacon 
 Division of the wapentake of Harthill. It is bounded on the east by the river Hull ; 
 on the north by the parish of Cottingham; on the south by the Queen's Dock ; and on 
 the west by the lordship of Myton — the middle of Prospect-street and Spring-bank 
 being the division on the latter side. 

 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 301 
 
 Numerous improvements have been effected in this town of late 
 years; amongst which may be noticed the present Railway Station, 
 with its adjoining spacious and elegant hotel ; the erection of new 
 docks and the Victoria Pier ; the removal of the establishment of 
 the Workhouse from Whitefriar-gate to a fine building in the out- 
 skirts of the town ; and the erection of the Royal Institution, and 
 the new Corn Exchange. The proposed improvements are noticed 
 at subsequent pages. 
 
 Street Nomenclature. — High-street, the most ancient thorough- 
 fare in the town, was formerly called Hull-street, from its situation 
 on the banks of the river of that name. After the removal of the 
 town from its original seat on the banks of the old river, after the 
 Hull had changed its course from the west side of the town to that 
 of the east, the buildings were first erected on the west side of 
 Hull-street (See p. 31) ; and the east side was left open for the con- 
 venience of trade, and was called the Quay, till upon petition of the 
 burgesses to the King, they obtained permission to build thereon. 
 The buildings on the east side did not extend beyond Aldgate 
 (Scale-lane) northwards until the year 1347. But it appears that 
 about the fifteenth century there were houses without the walls, 
 near the Charter House. The advantages of situation which this 
 street offered both for residence and business, induced the merchant 
 princes and other principal inhabitants of the town to fix their abode 
 there ; and though latterly it has been much deserted, and its spacious 
 and in some instances elegant houses have been metamorphosed into 
 tenements and merchants' counting houses, it sustained its original 
 importance till within sixty or seventy years.* High-street is much 
 too narrow either for convenience, ornament, or health. Mr. Frost, 
 on the authority of the Town's Records, gives the names of several 
 distinguished personages who had mansions in this street, and 
 amongst them were the following : Sir Gilbert de Aton, Knt., Robert 
 de Dripol de Kyngeston sur Hull, and Adam Helleward, who had 
 houses adjoining each other on the west side of the street, in 1395 ; 
 Sir Hugh de Pikworth, Knt., Gilbert de Bedford (Coroner in 1301), 
 
 * Within memory the occupiers of several of the then town mansions in High- 
 street rode in their own close carnages ; and some half a dozen or so kept " coaches 
 and four."
 
 302 niSTOUY OF kingston-upox-hull. 
 
 Richard de la Polo, Roger Oysel, Alexander Cock, and Robert 
 Rotenheryng, who resided there in 1320. The mansion in which 
 Roteuheryng dwelt (he tells us) was situate on the west side of 
 Hull-street, near the north-east corner of Munk-gate (now Black- 
 friar-gate), and was afterwards occupied by Sir Richard de la Pole, 
 Knt., and his brother Sir William de la Pole the younger, Knt. 
 From the same excellent authority we learn tbat Michael de la 
 role, Earl of Suffolk, had a house in the High-street in 1408, and 
 that the Archbishop of York bad also a house there in 1442. Had- 
 ley states that several of the old mansions in this street were orna- 
 mented with wooden figures and curious carvings ; but most of the 
 figures are gone. Many of the houses still retain their fine massive 
 staircases, curious oak wainscotting, and ornamented ceilings. The 
 first mention of shops in this street, in the Town's Records, occurs 
 in 1317. Six shops are described as being situated here, with quays 
 opposite to them, extending to the river Hull. 
 
 Our limits only admit of a cursory glance at some of the most 
 interesting objects in this street. Eutering at the north end, we 
 have, on our left hand (the east side) the site of the house in which 
 Sir Samuel Standidge entertained Prince William of Gloucester, in 
 1705 (See p. 152). It stood where now is the entrance to Messrs. 
 Spencer and Gardham's ship-yard, and the adjoining house, No. 1, 
 High-street * A particular account of Sir Samuel Standidge will 
 be found at a subsequent page of this work. 
 
 The building ou the opposite side of the street, now numbered 
 201 and 202, belonged to John Bernhard La Marche, Esq., an in- 
 fluential merchant, who was born at Stolpe, in Prussian Pomerania, 
 in 1770, and arrived in England in 1800. He entered the counting- 
 house of the Messrs. Etherington (sons of the Rev. George Etbering- 
 
 * The North end Ship Yard, situated at the end of High-street, belonged to the 
 Walton family, ship-builders, and Nicholas Walton, Chamberlain of Hull in 1790, sold 
 it to Captain (afterwards Sir Samuel) Standidge, who carried on the ship building 
 business in it for a short period, and then let it to Messrs. Halls' and Eichardson. 
 At his decease Sir Samuel bequeathed the ship-yard, to Mary Walton, his eldest 
 grand-daughter, her husband being then the principal ship builder in Hull. After 
 her death, the property iby arrangements devolved upon her eldest son, Samuel 
 Standidge (now Captain) Walton, who, after conducting the business here for some 
 time, sold the premises, a few years ago, to the present owners, Messrs. Spencer and 
 Gardham.
 
 HISTORY OF KINOSTON-UPON-UULL. 303 
 
 ton, LL.D., Vicar of Collingham, and owner of considerable posses- 
 sions at Driffield), then merchants at Hull, as clerk and foreign 
 correspondent; married his employers' sister; and ultimately be- 
 came possessed of the paternal estate of the family at Driffield ; 
 which at his decease descended to his daughter, wife of Thomas 
 Holden, Esq., solicitor, Hull. Mr. La Marche, who was a very 
 clever commercial man, was remarkable for the great facility with 
 which he could cast up the columns of pounds, shillings, and pence 
 at once. He died in 1839, and was buried in the chancel of 
 Driffield Church. His house in the High-street is now in much 
 the same state as it was in his life time ; the original knocker and 
 oval brass plate remain still on the door ; and the aged confidential 
 clerk continues to pay his daily visit to the office, which still re- 
 tains its plain desk, stools, &c. 
 
 The fine looking house, No. 6 (east side), was the residence of 
 Benjamin Blaydes, Esq., who three times served the office of Mayor 
 of Hull. Alderman Blaydes was head of the firm of Blaydes, Loft, 
 Gee, and Co., shipowners and general merchants, and the first to 
 commence the Hull and Hamburg trade, which they carried on 
 with sailing vessels. Mr. Blaydes died in 1771, aged 62 years, 
 and was buried in St. Mary's Church. The late Joseph Gee, Esq., 
 was the last original member of this great mercantile firm (See p. 
 199). The Alderman's residence was purchased about eight years 
 ago by Mr. Henry Hodge. The entrance hall is paved with marble 
 > — black and white in squares; the staircase is very fine; the best 
 rooms are wainscotted, and contain fine cornices and good stuccoed 
 ceilings. Between the house and the river Mr. Hodge has erected 
 a splendid oil mill, at a cost of about £12,000. It contains seven 
 presses, three pair of stones, and some excellent machinery, inclu- 
 ding a sixty-horse power steam engine. 
 
 The house on the west side, No. 196, was formerly the residence 
 of Mr. William Travis, a member of the Society of Friends, who 
 was at one period the largest snuff manufacturer in this part of the 
 kingdom. His factory was at Cottingham. He married Miss 
 Althaus, the daughter of a wealthy Virginian merchant, and became 
 a landed proprietor in the east district of Hull. T. H. Travis, Esq., 
 the Stipendiary Magistrate of the borough, is a relative of this
 
 304 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 family. The marble paved hall, bold staircase, medallions on the 
 wall, ornamented ceilings, and panelled walls, together with the fig- 
 tree in the yard, indicate the wealth of the former inhabitants of the 
 house. In the room now occupied by Mr. W. Farthing, as an 
 office, is a panelled picture above the fire-place. The house on the 
 opposite side of the street, now used as offices, chiefly by Messrs. 
 James T. and N. Hill, has an air of importance about it, but its 
 history is unknown. The large house containing the offices of Al- 
 derman William Hodge, and others, was once the banking estab- 
 lishment of Messrs. Pease, Knowsley, Wray, and Liddell (now 
 Messrs. Peases, Hoare, and Pease), of Trinity House-lane. On the 
 opposite side of the way three very old dilapidated tenements, one 
 of which was the " Hammer in hand " public-house, have this year 
 been pulled down, and a handsome building, called " Prince's Cham- 
 bers," erected in their stead, by Mr. W. Thompson. 
 
 On the east side, No. 20, was the residence of Mr. Bowden, of 
 the firm of Wright and Bowden, merchants. No. 21 is a fine house, 
 which was built by the Moxons, formerly merchants and bankers in 
 Hull. Several of the apartments are panelled, and exhibit some 
 excellent carving in wood. This is especially the case in the room 
 now used as an office by Messrs. Bolton and Burman, which once 
 contained two panelled pictures. The Moxon family erected a 
 building for their banking business in Silver-street. Their bank 
 failed, and the building is now the bank of the Yorkshire Banking 
 Co. The house in High-street now belongs to Mr. Jesse Malcolm. 
 The next house (No. 22), the Russian Consulate, is also a very good 
 one. In 1762 it belonged to Mr. Francis Perritt, from whom it 
 passed by marriage, in 1784, to Mr. Richard Moxon. From 1804 
 to 1828 it was the residence of Alderman Christopher Bolton, who 
 was a remarkable public and political character ; and a promi- 
 nent man in every movement having for its object the increase of 
 the commerce of his native town. Alderman Bolton died in 1850, 
 in his 79th year, and his remains were interred in St. John's Church. 
 Mr. W. Bolton, the present Borough Treasurer, is his son. This 
 house is now the property of Mr. Jesse Malcolm. Last March 
 (1863), Mr. Frederick Helmsing (the acting Russian Consul) made 
 some alterations in his offices, in this house, which necessitated the
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 305 
 
 cutting through the second floor; when the joists, which are of 
 Kussian fir, were found to be as firm almost as flint. 
 
 On the opposite side of the street, the house numbered 183 was 
 Harrison and Watson's bank, managed by the parents of the late 
 firm in Whitefriar-gate. The banker's iron safe still remains in the 
 wall, and near to it is the arched cash closet. This house now con- 
 tains the offices of Mr. E. Freeborough, Mr. Richard Toogood, and 
 others. No. 23, on the east side, was a good family dwelling, for- 
 merly belonging to Mr. John Voase, a wealthy wine merchant and 
 ship-owner, and the last member of the Cooper's Guild, noticed else- 
 where. Mr. William Voase, his only son, succeeded him in his 
 business here ; but Mr. John Leaper, wine merchant, and a relative 
 of the family, is the present owner of the premises. On the other 
 side of the way is an ancient house, the two upper stories of which 
 project over the lower one. 
 
 The most remarkable and interesting house in Hull is in this 
 locality. In it Sir John Lister entertained Charles I. (See p. 101); 
 and in it Wilberforce, the philanthropist and champion advocate of 
 African freedom, drew his first breath. Sir J. Lister was twice 
 Mayor of Hull, and was elected to represent the borough in the 
 Long Parliament, though he died before taking his seat. He was 
 buried in Holy Trinity Church, to which edifice he was a great 
 benefactor. A notice of Mr. Wilberforce will be found at a subse- 
 quent page. He was born here in 1759. His grandfather, in con- 
 junction with Mr. Abel Smith (a member of an ancient family at 
 Nottingham, of that name), carried on the business of Russian mer- 
 chants on these premises, under the style and title of " Wilberforce 
 and Smith ;" but in 1784 Mr. Wilberforce retired, and a banking 
 firm was originated, under the designation of " Smiths and Thomp- 
 son."* In 1828 Mr. Thompson died ; the title of the firm was then 
 
 * Thomas Thompson, Esq., F.SA., (a member of the banking firm) was a native 
 of Ganstead, and a self-made man, like so many others in Hull. He became a 
 member of the Antiquarian Society, and in 1821 published a "History of Swine," in 
 Holderness ; and the work on Eavenspurne, to which we have referred at page 6. 
 He was the father of Lieut.-Gen. Thompson, formerly M.P., for Hull. In 1797 Ro- 
 bert Smith, Esq., M.P., banker, Nottingham (a member of the family to which the 
 Hull banking firm of the same name belonged) was elevated to the dignity of an 
 Irish Baron, under the style and title of Baron Carington. Robert John, his son, the 
 present Lord Carington, succeeded his father in 1838. 
 
 2 B
 
 306 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 changed to that of " Samuel Smith, Brothers, and Co.," and the 
 business was removed from this house to the present establishment 
 in Whitefriar-gate. 
 
 Wilberforce House, or, as it is now designated, Wilberforce Build- 
 ings, has fared no better than the mansions of less consequence in 
 the High-street, for its quaint panel-cased rooms have been con- 
 verted into merchants' counting-houses. The room in which it is 
 said that Wilberforce was born, is now the private office of Messrs. 
 C. M. Norwood and Co. The staircase is massive, and the ceiling 
 above it ornamented. Exteriorly this " shrine of African liberty," 
 this "richest jewel in the casket," to use the poetic language of Mr. 
 Symons, is a quaint Dutch-looking ornamented red brick structure, 
 with a tower in the centre of the front of the building. 
 
 No. 28 was the residence of the Horner family. Mr. Simon 
 Horner was a wealthy merchant, an eccentric bachelor, and a very 
 charitable man. He died here in 1840, and the family has become 
 extinct. The house on the opposite side (No. 173), now occupied 
 by the Messrs. Bell, coopers, was formerly an important residence. 
 It was a story higher than it is now, and had a lantern turret on 
 the top. In removing the upper story, about 34 years ago, Mr. 
 Edward Bell (then a youth) found some small statues in the roof, 
 which he thinks belonged to a Catholic place of worship. A 
 Madame Porter lived in this house " long, long ago ;" and 109 years 
 since the Dukett family became tenants of the premises. The family 
 of Bell are descendants of the Duketts. In the garden is an an- 
 cient well, nine feet in diameter, which has been covered over ; but 
 the old pump belonging to it remains. Some of the rooms are 
 wainscotted. 
 
 The George Yard, on the same side of the way, is historically 
 connected with some of the ancient great of Hull. The entrance, 
 which passes through a large old-fashioned mansion (now in three 
 parts, two of which are public-houses), is ornamented with two oak 
 pillars, ending in cantilevers or brackets, which support the over- 
 hanging stories of the house. The masks on these brackets were 
 added a few years ago. Some distance up the passage, and facing 
 the entrance, is an old public-house called the " George Inn," in- 
 serted in the wall of which is a carved (in wood) and gilded repre-
 
 HTSTOUT OF KTNGSTON-UrON-IIUTI,. 307 
 
 sentation of St. George and the Dragon. In what appears to have 
 been a passage through the house, is a small beautiful pointed door 
 arch of stone ; in a house adjoining the inn, on the north side of the 
 yard or passage, is an ancient staircase ; and in a joiner's shop on 
 the opposite side of the passage may be seen, in one of the walls of 
 the interior, a massy door archway of wood, resembling the before- 
 mentioned stone arch. From the carved roses on the old oak wood- 
 work of the archway of the entrance (removed a few years ago), this 
 house was probably erected in the fifteenth century. 
 
 But little is known of the splendid palace-like mansion, which 
 this house undoubtedly was when perfect, with its four sides and 
 long court-yard in the centre — for the George Inn and a line of 
 building on either side of the yard, all connected together, were 
 evidently connected with the building abutting on the street. The 
 western side of the premises would appear to have been used as an 
 inn or hostelry of some sort at an early period, for there is a tradi- 
 tion that, before the Keformation, it was much frequented by pil- 
 grims proceeding to St. John's shrine, at Beverley; and it is also 
 said that the house had a cloistered or vaulted communication with 
 St. Mary's Church. According to Hadley these premises fell into 
 the hands of the family of Scale, by whom, in 1556, they were given 
 to the Corporation, who converted the front (above the passage) into 
 a Cloth Hall (See p. 80). The same historian states that about a 
 century before he wrote, the house belonged (" as it was supposed ") 
 to Sir Humphrey Stafford, as his arms appeared on the premises, 
 "in many places." The George Yard connects High-street and 
 Low-gate, and doubtless had its present appellation from the George 
 Inn above alluded to. 
 
 In Chapel-lane staith is a fine range of red brick warehouses, 
 erected partly on the site of the building that fell down in 1801 
 (See p. 199), by the executors of the late Mr. Charles Bamford. 
 Hadley says that " a very ancient building " on the south side of 
 this staith bore, in his time, " strong marks of having been a reli- 
 gious house;" that the passage leading to the river had "much the 
 appearance of a cloister for nuns or friars ;" that a stone in the wall 
 bore " a representation of three crural bones, formiug a triangle ;" 
 and that below this were two stones, dated 16-71. When Hadley
 
 308 HISTORY OF K1NGST0N-UP0N-HULL. 
 
 wrote, this building was Mr. Travis's tobacco mill. On the north 
 side of the staith, between the before-mentioned old warehouse and 
 the street, was an open yard, which appeared to have previously 
 been a garden, and on the interior of the north wall of which, were 
 five or six brick pilasters with Doric capitals, and inserted in each 
 a sculptured tablet. One of these pilasters still remains. At the 
 east end of this yard was a depressed arched gateway, above which 
 was a large sculptured coat of arms, the supporters being two 
 winged horses, having a merchant's mark over the shield — figure 
 of 4 and the initial K. A little above this was another, inscribed 
 " Nil Habeo, Omnio A Jehova, Cvi Soli, Omnis Honor Et Gloria. 
 F. ' R. 3.' " (I have nothing, all things are from the Lord, to whom, 
 alone, be all honour and glory.) The coat of arms has been pre- 
 served, and inserted in one of the interior walls of the new ware- 
 house. It is not known to what merchant this place belonged in 
 ancient times. 
 
 The new Corn Exchange occupies the site of the old Custom 
 House, of which more anon. The fine house opposite this structure 
 (No. 100) was erected by Colonel Henry Maister, on the site of the 
 former residence of the family, burnt in 1743 (See p. 144). The 
 beautiful entrance hall is open to an octagonal lantern in the roof. 
 The grand staircase (as well as a back one) is of stone, with an elegant 
 metal handrail. The walls and ceilings of the hall, up to the lan- 
 tern, are richly ornamented with stucco work. The house is now 
 occupied as merchants' offices. The family of Maister is an old 
 and influential one in Hull. The before-mentioned Col. Maister 
 died in 1812, in his 82nd year, and was buried in the family vault 
 in the choir of Holy Trinity Church. He died much respected, and 
 his funeral was a very large one. 
 
 No. 38 is a neat brick building for offices, erected a few years 
 ago on the site of a house which belonged to the Church of St. 
 Mary. The adjoining warehouse of Mr. J. G. Christie was built 
 about thirty years ago, and stands on the site of some very old 
 and very low tenements. No. 40, opposite Bishop-lane, was the 
 " King's Coffee House " within memory, and the Commercial-room 
 of that hostelry is now occupied as an office by Mr. C. H. Knapp. 
 The windows of this apartment contain some diamond scratchings
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-nULL. GOO 
 
 of the "commercials " of the time when William Pitt had much to 
 do with the destiny of our empire. The King's Coffee House has 
 sunk in the scale of inns, and its business is now carried on in 
 the back part of the house. These premises belonged to the Crowle 
 family; and, in a lease of the adjoining house, Oct. 1777, it is des- 
 cribed as " heretofore in the occupation of Alderman Cookson." 
 The house is now the property of — Wilson, Esq., of Dalham 
 Tower, Westmoreland, a descendant of the Crowles. 
 
 The next building (No. 41) occupies the site of a most interesting 
 old mansion, which had long been the abode of successive families 
 of distinction, and had, for many years, attracted the attention of the 
 curious. Hadley tells us that that ancient and remarkable house 
 was the residence of John de Tuttebury, a " capital merchant," who 
 was five times Mayor of Hull. He also states that there was an 
 old escutcheon on the building, supposed to be Tuttebury 's arms. 
 It was this Tuttebury who, in 1399, refused to admit Bolingbroke 
 and his party within the walls of the town (Seep. 55); and the 
 same loyal merchant was a great contributor to the building of the 
 two old churches of Hull. His arms were formerly in the chancels 
 of these edifices, and he was, doubtless, buried in Holy Trinity 
 Church, though there is no memorial in existence to place the 
 fact beyond doubt. It is recorded (though upon what authority we 
 have failed to discover) that, in his last will, Tuttebury mentioned 
 his mansion in Hull (High)-street as " the Leyons' House," and as 
 " the house called Leyons." It also stated that the house was given 
 to the Carthusian Priory at Hull; but, from a passage in Burton's 
 " Monasticon Eboracense," it appears that the old mansion formed 
 part of the possessions of the Priory of Gisburne (Guisborough). 
 In the catalogue of the property of that religious institution, situated 
 in various places, the following item is mentioned at page 347 of 
 the Monasticon : — " Kingston, super Hull. Ptobert, son of John 
 Legeard, of Anlaby, esquire, quit-claimed all his right in a messuage 
 here, called Le Lyons." 
 
 Gent appears to refer to the Leyons House, but his reference to 
 it is very obscure. That writer gives a translation of Michael de 
 la Pole's charter to the Monastery of the Carthusians, which he 
 founded in 1378 ; and in a foot-note to that part of the document
 
 310 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 in which the founder recapitulates in general terms, the buildings, 
 lands, &c, with which he endowed the Priory, and especially to 
 this passage — " with all the appurtenances in the said town of 
 Kingston " — he says (in the foot-note) : " In after times a great 
 benefactor to both the churches in Hull, bequeathed his Mansion 
 House (in which was a great Hall open to the Roof, with old 
 Pictures tolerably well painted on wood) to these Carthusians. 
 'Twas built in the High-street, opposite Bishop-lane, which after- 
 wards became the Property of the Hildyards. On several Parts of 
 it were Escutcheons Arg 3 Battle-Axes, Or with the mark of a 
 Merchant: But the name of the first Owner is unknown." Here we 
 have but one thing clear, namely, that the author refers to the house 
 under notice, for he tells us it became the property of the Hildyards ; 
 but by whom it was given to the Carthusians — unless by the founder 
 of the monastery — is, as far as Gent is concerned, a mystery. Had- 
 ley describes the place as " a famous house belonging to the Hild- 
 yards, with a hall open to the roof in several places. This historian, 
 writing about 1788, states that some very old pictures were dis- 
 covered in the house " about a hundred years ago, executed tolerably 
 well upon wood ; and that " it is the house where King's Coffee 
 House was kept, which about seven years ago (he continues) was 
 removed to next door, formerly perhaps all one house." There is 
 a local tradition that the " Lion House " (as it was called in later 
 times) once formed part of an ancient inn known as the " King's 
 Arms," afterwards the " King's Coffee House." 
 
 Sir Robert Hildyard, Knt, who resided here, was of the Privy 
 Council of Charles I., and filled the office of Major-General of the 
 Cavalry in England and Wales. For his great services during the 
 civil war he was created a Baronet, and had the manor of Patrington 
 granted to him. The Hildyards had previously possessed the King's 
 Manor-palace, in Low-gate, (See pp. 52, 98). 
 
 Alderman George Crowle obtained possession of the Lion House, 
 probably by purchase from the Hildyards, and either rebuilt or 
 added a second, or minor entrance to it, which is still in existence, 
 and which is built of brick, ornamented with several carved stones. 
 Alderman Crowle was twice Mayor of Hull, and took an active part
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 311 
 
 in public life. He founded an hospital in the town, and was buried 
 in Holy Trinity Church.* 
 
 From the title deeds of the property we learn that in 1749 James 
 Milnes, of Cottingbam, sold tbe house, warehouse, staith, &c, to 
 John Chambers, and the premises are therein described to be at 
 that date, in the occupation of the said John Chambers, and " some 
 time the estate of Mark Kirkby, merchant, deceased, afterwards of 
 Samuel Mowld, merchant, deceased, and then late of James Mowld, 
 merchant, deceased, and by him devised to the said James Milnes 
 and his heirs, adjoining on a messuage then of Mr. Richard Sykes 
 on the south, and on a messuage of Alderman Cookson on the 
 north." In 1777 William Chambers, surgeon, Ripon, cousin and 
 heir-at-law of this William Chambers, sold these premises (then in 
 the occupation of Mrs. King) to George Holden ; and in 1784 
 George Holden sold them to Richard Terry, head of the firm of 
 Richard Terry and Sons, and one of the earliest and most successful 
 Baltic merchants. This gentleman died in 1804, aged 70 years, 
 and was interred in St. John's Church. Avison Terry, Esq., of 
 Newland (the last of this respected family), resided in the old man- 
 sion until about the year 1805. In 1809 Mr. Avison Terry sold 
 the house, warehouses, staith, &c, to Raspin Ringrose, Esq., of 
 Hull, merchant, son of John Ringrose, Esq., of Cottingham. This 
 gentleman died a few months after, in his 27th year, and these pre- 
 mises descended to Jane Carlill, his only child, afterwards married 
 to her cousin, John Todd, Esq., jun., of Swanland Hall. After the 
 decease of Mr. Raspin Ringrose, the house, warehouses, &c, were 
 rented and used as a counting-house and business premises by the 
 firm of W. and C. L. Ringrose ; and in 1848, Christopher Leake 
 Ringrose, Esq., now of Tranby, near Hessle, purchased the property 
 of Mrs. Todd, his niece. In July, 1849, Mr. Ringrose caused the 
 house, which was becoming ruinous, to be taken down and rebuilt 
 as we see it to-day, under the superintendence of the late Mr. John 
 Hockney. 
 
 * The family of Crowle, as previously stated, also bad the adjoining premises ; and 
 the Frystone Hall estate, near Ferry Bridge, was possessed by their descendants. 
 From a pedigree of the Crowles, we learn that Mr. Kobert Lumley Cook, merchant, 
 High-street, and the Messrs. Lambert, wine merchants, Quay-street, are maternal 
 descendants of the family.
 
 312 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 The old house was three stories high, the two upper stories over- 
 hangiug the ground one by a couple of feet. The outer framework 
 of the building was entirely of stout oak, filled up with lath and 
 plaster. The northern wall was about three feet in thickness, and 
 built of small, but very hard brick. The interior walls were panelled 
 in a style of considerable taste. But perhaps the chief cause of the 
 interest bestowed upon the house was some carvings inserted in 
 large oak panels, under the four front windows of the first floor. 
 Beneath the south window, nearly over the outer entrance, was one 
 of these, bearing the following lines in raised letters : — 
 
 " Benedictio Jehovse ipsam ditat 
 Neque addit molestiam secvm. 
 Prou : cap' : 10. ver. 22." 
 
 Literally translated — " The blessing itself of Jehovah enriches ; 
 neither does it bring sorrow with itself." The words in the English 
 version of the Scripture are The blessing of the Lord, it maketh rich, 
 and he addeth no sorrow with it. 
 
 Under each of the middle windows was another oak panel, with a 
 carved lion in bold relief, facing each other ; and underneath the 
 north window was a fourth panel, inscribed, in raised letters, with 
 the following enigmatical distich : — 
 
 " Hi tibi caelati qvos cernis fronte Leones, 
 Antiqvum refenmt quod niihi nomen erat." 
 
 Of this the following may be taken as the literal translation : — 
 " These lions which thou seest engraven on the front, refer thee to 
 what was my ancient name." The inscription has been also freely 
 rendered thus : — 
 
 " Obscured to tbee, these lions do proclaim 
 In front, allusion to my ancient name. 
 
 These four curious panels or window backs, having had numerous 
 coats of paint burnt from them, are now in the possession of Chris- 
 topher Leake Ringrose, Esq., jun., Portland House, Hull. 
 
 "All our endeavours to investigate the occasion of these beasts 
 and inscriptions have proved unsuccessful (writes Hadleyj ; we may 
 conjecture that the owner or builder's name was Lions. About 
 fifty years ago (be continues), it is said there was a show of lions at 
 this house, whence it was called the Lion House." Tickell thinks
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 313 
 
 that the " hieroglyph ical device" of the lions "is perhaps the 
 whimsical invention of the original owner, whose name was pro- 
 bably Lions." It has been suggested to us that as the house ap- 
 pears to have formerly been the King's Arms Inn, or King's Coffee 
 House, the lions may have some reference to those animals in the 
 arms of our ancient monarchs. But this supposition falls through, 
 if the building was described as the house called Leyons, in Tut- 
 bury's will- 
 That portion of the house remaining may be seen in the court at 
 the rear of the offices of Messrs. T. Binney and Co. It presents 
 some ornamental brickwork interspersed with cut stones, some of 
 which bear the initials " G. C." (George Crowle) and " E. C. " 
 (Eleanor Crowle, his wife); and two of them bear conjointly the 
 date, " 16-G4." The doorway in the lower story has been filled up 
 with a window, and two window places on either side of it have been 
 bricked up. The inscribed stones in the heads of the side windows 
 appear to be in their original position ; but it is probable that the 
 windows had cut stone slabs across the top, near the spring of the 
 arches. The second story exhibits a pair of pilasters in brick, with 
 Corinthian caps in stone. The upper, or fourth story, is modern. 
 
 On the south side of the Lion House was the handsome mansion 
 of the Sykes's — a branch of the Sykes family, of Sykes' Dyke, Cum- 
 berland. Daniel Sykes, Esq., twice served the office of Mayor of 
 Hull. His son, Richard, had two wives, from whom descend the 
 Sledmere family and the family of Sykes in the neighbourhood of 
 Hull. By his first wife, Mary Kirby, of Sledmere, he had two sons, 
 viz : — Richard, who died without issue, and the Piev. Mark Sykes, 
 D.D., who was created a Baronet in 1783 — the latter was great- 
 grandfather to the present Sir Tatton Sykes, of Sledmere. By his 
 second wife, Martha Donkin, he had issue Alderman Joseph Sykes, 
 of West Ella and Hull, iron merchant, who amassed great wealth 
 through having a monopoly of the Swedish iron business. He was 
 twice Mayor of Hull ; was also High Sheriff of Yorkshire ; and he 
 died at West Ella, in 1803. His sons have filled all the important 
 public offices in the borough. One of them, Daniel, was Recorder 
 and M.P. for the borough. His fifth son, Henry, married the 
 daughter of Benjamin Blaydes Thompson, Esq., of East Dale, 
 
 3 s
 
 314: HISTORY OF KIXGSTOX-UPON-HCLL. 
 
 sister of Thomas Thompson, Esq., the learned ex-Town Clerk of 
 Hull. Major Richard Sykes, of West Ella, J. A. Sykes, Esq., of 
 Eaywell, and Daniel Sykes, Esq., of Kirk Ella, are his grandsons. 
 The site of the house (on which some old huildings then stood) 
 and the premises, extending to the river, were conveyed in 1725, 
 from Mr. Hugh Lister, of Beverley, to Richard Sykes, Esq., of 
 Hull, merchant. Mr. Sykes then erected the mansion under notice, 
 and in his will, made shortly before his decease (in 1723), he left 
 his dwelling house in High-street, and the warehouses, etc., adjoin- 
 ing it, to his brother Joseph. Sir Christopher Sykes, Bart., estab- 
 lished the East Riding Bank, in three branches, at Hull, Beverley, 
 and Malton ; and the Hull branch was carried on in the house in 
 question, by Sir Christopher Sykes — who afterwards took Robert 
 Carlile Broadley, Esq., into partnership in the three branches. On 
 Sir C. Sykes retiring from banking, the whole concern was carried 
 on by Mr. Broadley alone, for some years, and then Robert Raikes, 
 Esq., became his partner ; the firm being known as " Broadley and 
 Raikes." Mr. Broadley withdrew from the firm before his death, 
 and invested much of his capital in land surrounding the town of 
 Hull, which has since become very valuable. The Hull branch of 
 the East Riding Bank was then removed to the building in Scale- 
 lane, now occupied by Thomas Spurr, Esq., solicitor, and others: and 
 Mr. Raikes transferred the Beverley and Malton branches to Messrs. 
 Bower and Hall. The Scale-lane establishment, known as the bank 
 of Messrs. T. and R. Raikes and Co., failed a few years ago. 
 
 In a lease dated in 1811, the property is described as a messuage 
 or dwelling house " lately used as a banking house called the East 
 Riding Bank; and the court-yard and garden, staith, quay, and 
 warehouses adjoining or belonging ; " then in the several tenures of 
 Robert Carlile Broadley, and Messrs. Joseph Sykes, Sons, and Co. 
 
 On Sunday, July 1st, 1827, a fire broke out in one of the ware- 
 houses at the rear of the house, and in a short space of time, the 
 warehouse and the mansion (described in the newspapers of the 
 day'as "belonging to the late Nicholas Sykes, Esq., and "recently 
 tenanted as merchants' offices") were completely gutted. 
 
 In January, 1828, the site of the demolished buildings, and the 
 adjoining warehouses, staith, &c, which remained uninjured by the
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-TJPON-HULL. 315 
 
 fire, were purchased of the Sykes family by the firm W. and C. L. 
 E,iu«rose, who immediately erected on the site of the mansion, the 
 buildings now numbered 42 and 43. The former of these contains 
 the commodious suite of offices belonging to the firm, which is 
 approached by a fine bold flight of stone steps.* The destroyed 
 mansion was a fine building recessed from the street. The coach 
 house and stables belonging to it (now occupied as a cooperage), 
 with substantial cut stone doorways are reached by a short passage 
 on the opposite side of the street. These out-offices, which yet be- 
 token the opulence of the inmates of the mansion to which they 
 were appendages, were purchased in 1859 by the Messrs. Kingrose. 
 
 The "Danish Buildings," erected in 1858, by C. C. Brochner, 
 Esq., form a handsome structure of brick, with good cut stone win- 
 dow cases. The house is numbered 45. The large house, now 
 occupied chiefly as the counting-house of Messrs. Wright Brothers 
 (No. 47), was formerly a residence of consequence. The back of the 
 premises bear a merchant's mark — the initial H, with the date of 
 1691. The ceiling of one of the rooms now forming the office of 
 the Messrs. Wright is peculiarly ornamented, in stucco, and the 
 walls of some of the rooms are panelled. In one of the back rooms 
 (now the office of Mr. J. C. Armitage) is a panelled picture over 
 the fire-place, representing a large mansion, with gardens, &c, in 
 front, laid out in the Dutch style. Several years ago this house 
 was the residence of William Williamson, Esq., an iron merchant. 
 No. 49 is a good house, and doubtless was once the home of persons 
 of opulgnce. 
 
 The ornamented brick building at the end of Scale-lane (Nos. 
 145, 146), erected during the present year by Mr. W. P. Mc. Bride, 
 wine merchant, occupies the site of three very old dilapidated tene- 
 ments. In clearing the foundations of the present building, very 
 thick walls, apparently of an ancient cellar,! were discovered, as 
 
 * The Messrs. Pdngrose, to whom belongs the ground once occupied by the Lion 
 House, and the Sykes mansion, are the well known firm of shipowners and general 
 foreign merchants who founded the Rotterdam trade to the port of Hall. 
 
 * Hadley mentions, amongst some subjects for the investigation of the antiquarian, 
 the " vast caverns running under High-street into the town." Smuggling is said to 
 have formerly been earned on to a great extent by the merchants of Hull. Hadley 
 alludes to the illicit exportation of wool from Hull and other ports in the kingdom
 
 •310 HISTORY OF KITCGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 well as several cart loads of what appeared to be the pith of the horns 
 of cattle ; and undoubted remains of muddy deposits, indicating tbe 
 flow of the tide over the spot at some early period. There were also 
 found the remains of some ancient wooden posts, a small antique 
 brass bowl, a broken stone cup, and a silver coin of the time of the 
 Charleses. The next house (No. 144), the " Baltic Buildings," is 
 a large building belonging to Joseph Sanderson, Esq., the " writings " 
 of which date as far back as the time of Cbarles II. At the end of 
 Church-lane are some small ancient houses (See p. 150). No. 62 
 is a very good house. No. 05 belonged to the Alders family. 
 
 The large old dilapidated building, of brick and stone (Nos. 50, 
 51), now occupied chiefly by Mr. Richard Terry, merchant, and 
 Mr. Thomas Cunnington, wine, &c, merchant, was the splendid 
 mansion of Sir Henry Etherington, Bart. The brick work of the 
 house is excellent, especially that of the front in the court-yard. 
 This front bears the date of 1073. The principal staircase is a 
 noble one, on which is a fine landing-window, and above which is 
 an elegant dome, exhibiting some medallions and good stucco work. 
 The back staircase, which led to the servants' apartments, is also 
 remarkable. Previous to the erection of the present Dispensary, 
 that institution was held in a part of this house. The owner of this 
 once grand old mansion was twice Mayor of Hull, and was Chairman 
 of the bench of Magistrates. He was eccentric, good, and benevo- 
 lent, and the patron of every charitable and religious institution 
 in the town. Although pursuing no mercantile avocation, he con- 
 tinued to reside here. " That (says Mr. Symons) may have resulted 
 from a superstitious preference, on account of his predecessors 
 having accumulated their great wealth in mercantile operations." 
 Sir Henry had a country house at Ferriby, now occupied by T. H. 
 Travis, Esq. He died in 1819, aged 88 years, sincerely regretted 
 
 in former times; and it is probable that the uses to which the large cellars in the 
 High-street were appropriated were not always legal ones. In 1682 the Rev. C. 
 Charliss was charged before the Hull magistrates with exercising his profession as a 
 dissenting minister (See p. 139), and in the course of a smart dialogue between the 
 clergyman and the presiding magistrate, the former observed to the latter— "Are 
 there no drunkards, no swearers, no sabbath breakers ? Nay, if you look into your 
 cellars, is there nothing of the growth and product and manufactory of the French King's 
 dominions ? " (See Hadley's History of Hull, p. 880).
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 317 
 
 by all, and was buried at Ferriby. Sir Henry was familiarly known 
 at one time by the appellation of the " Father of Hull." 
 
 The large quaint old-fashioned building on the other side of the 
 way (Nos. 139, 140), with overhanging upper stories, is the oldest 
 existing house in Hull, and was formerly the King's Head Inn, so 
 called, it is stated, because some of the reigning monarchs occupied 
 apartments there when visiting Hull. The first stage coach out of 
 Hull is said to have run from this house. The King's Head was a 
 grand hotel when Taylor, the " water-poet," visited Hull in 1022 
 (See p. 88). That quaint old rhymer "took his ease " at this inn, 
 and in his humorous poem, after describing his arrival in his boat 
 at Hull,* he says : — 
 
 Sunday at Mr. Maior's much cheere and wine, 
 Where as the Hall (a) did in the parlour dine ; 
 At night, with one that had bin shrieue I sup'd, 
 Well entertain'd I was, and halfe well cup'd. 
 On Monday noone, I was invited than 
 To a graue iusticer, an alderman, 
 And there such cheere as earth and waters yeold, 
 Shew'd like a harvest in a plentious Field (b ) 
 Another I must thanke for his good will, 
 For he Prest on (c) to bid me welcome still. 
 * * * * 
 
 Thankes to my loning host and hostesse Pease (d) 
 There at mine inne, each night I tooke mine ease ; 
 And there I got a cantle of Hull cheese 
 One euening late, I thanke thee Machabees. (e) 
 
 This house was occupied by Samuel Boise or Boyse, who in 1088 
 was chosen Sheriff, but not sworn, for King James II. ordered the 
 former Sheriff (one of his partizans) to continue another year in 
 office. Boyse was, however, again elected on the 5th of November 
 in the same year. He was Mayor in 1704 and 1718. It is now 
 the property of Major Prickett, of Paull, and contains the offices of 
 Mr. Charles S. Clarke. The remainder of the building is divided 
 into tenements. 
 
 The building is probably as old as the latter part of the fourteenth 
 century. It is of framed oak, the scantling of its timbers being very 
 
 * Taylor's poem, " A Very Merrie Wberrie-Ferrie-Voyagp, or York for my Money,' - 
 was published in 1 630. (a) John Hall was Mayor at tbe time of Taylor's visit. ( b) 
 Joseph Field was an ex-Mayor, (c) John Preston was another ex-Mayor, (d) (e) 
 Pvobert Pease and Maccabeus Hollis were Chamberlains of the town in 1639.
 
 318 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 large, particularly of the joists, which are nine or ten inches square 
 — extremely hard through age, and laid about nine inches apart. 
 In the rear of the house was a large square yard, with galleries on 
 the four sides, upon which opened the lodging rooms of the travel- 
 lers that resorted thither. The original staircase that led to the 
 galleries still exists, and is broad and easy of ascent, with bannisters 
 of stout oak. The galleries are now blocked up with separate build- 
 ings, no longer connected with the premises. The old archway that 
 still communicates with a narrow court (once part of the inn yard), 
 presents all the features of extreme age. It is of oak, and within 
 the memory of persons now living, had beautiful carved figures on 
 either side, below the capitals. The arch has originally been taste- 
 fully ornamented with small stars between the mouldings, and 
 flowers elaborately wrought upon the cantilevers that support a 
 small projecting window above it; but they have been obliterated 
 with coats of paint or lime wash. So hard has the wood become 
 that it required the full strength of a stout man to cut it with a 
 saw, when the building was repaired a few years ago. 
 
 No. 66, one of the best houses in the street, belonged to the 
 Broadley family, and here R. C. Broadley, Esq. (already mentioned 
 at p. 314), died in 1812, aged 74. He was buried in High Church, 
 and the funeral being a night one, was attended with lighted flam- 
 beaux. Mr. Broadley 's property came to the late Henry Broadley, 
 Esq., M.P. for the East Riding; and the present representative of 
 the family is Miss Broadley, of Welton. Their High-street resi- 
 dence was purchased last May (1863) by Mr. William Field, general 
 merchant, whose business is carried on here. The black and white 
 marble pavement in the hall, the noble staircase, oak panelled rooms, 
 large kitchen fire-place, and extensive cellarage, bespeak the wealth 
 of its former occupants. The apartment formerly used as the draw- 
 ing-room retains its elegantly carved cornice and mantel-piece. On 
 the roof of the house is a turret with windows facing the cardinal 
 points, and from which excellent views of the town, rivers, &c, 
 may be obtained. 
 
 A portion of a more ancient mansion, which stood at the rear of 
 this, has just been pulled down by Mr. Field, for the purpose of 
 erecting on its site a Sugar Refinery. A section of the base of an
 
 HISTORY OF KINCSTON-UPON-IIULL. 319 
 
 ancient stone column was dug up on the premises, and is now in 
 tlie garden of the residence of Mr. Field, Holdcrness-road. A 
 copper coin of Charles I., dated 1634, as perfect as it ever was ; a 
 copper gold-plated medal, struck in memory of the Kussian victory 
 over Prussia at Custrin, also in good preservation ; and a pair of 
 ancient buttons linked together, have also been found on the pre- 
 mises during these alterations. 
 
 No. 68, the premises of Mr. John Astrop, paper merchant, is 
 another old mansion. It bears the date of 1654, and contains some 
 panelled rooms. J. Outram, Esq., Mayor, who laid the first stone 
 of the first dock in Hull, resided in it. No. 70 was the scene of a 
 terrible fire, in 1855 (See p 193). The adjoining warehouse (No. 
 71) occupies the site of a large mansion, in which was a Chapel. 
 Here, on the premises of Messrs. Smith, was a disastrous fire in 
 1862 (See p. 205). On the west side, near the corner of Monk-gate 
 (now Blackfriar-gate), stood the residence of the family of Boten- 
 heryng, who were allied to the De la Poles (See p. 302). Eoten- 
 heryng staith is in this locality. 
 
 At the south end of High -street (east side) is a long two story 
 building, the upper story overhanging, and the front ornamented 
 with old figures carved in wood. One half of this quaint old struc- 
 ture is the counting-house of the Messrs. De Forges, merchants, 
 and the other moiety is now unoccupied. Through the building 
 runs the passage to the old South-end or Garrison Ferry. Near to 
 this spot was the Barton Ferry-boat landing place — an old wharf 
 which the market boats used for taking and landing goods, and 
 fifty years ago, the only place for this purpose, except a jetty on the 
 Humber, near Wellington-street, West, At low water, some re- 
 mains of the old piles of the South-end landing-place may yet be 
 seen. The South Bridge, will, in a few months, span the harbour 
 in this locality. The southernmost building on the east side of 
 High-street is a Watch-house, erected by the Corporation, and 
 leased to the Commissioners of Customs. It occupies the site of 
 the old Chain House, which was pulled down in 1839, and which, 
 with the exception of a portion of High Church, was the oldest 
 building in Hull. We have seen at preceding pages that the har- 
 bour was formerly protected by an iron chain, which extended from
 
 320 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-TJPON-HTJLL. 
 
 this house to the opposite side. Here, at old South-end, opposite 
 the Lincolnshire Tavern, was the South End Battery, which con- 
 tinued to be kept up until about the year 1843. Here the ancient 
 walls of Hull ended ; and near the spot may yet be seen the old 
 arched narrow way, which, in ancient times, led to the town from 
 the old jetty without the walls (See p. 273). 
 
 Aldgate (old street) the ancient name of the street now divided 
 into Whitefriar-gate, Silver-street, and Scale-lane, is of Saxon deri- 
 vation, and is indicative of comparative antiquity. It is supposed 
 to have formed the boundary between the two ancient parishes of 
 Hessle and Ferriby. (See p. 23.) 
 
 Scale-lane derives its appellation from the family of Schayl, who 
 lived in it, and had the principal part of their property there. 
 Hadley states that the family of Scales was one of the most ancient 
 in Hull ; and that " they were the builders, owners, and chief 
 merchants, and had great possessions in, and occupied almost the 
 whole street." In an original deed dated Gth May, 1433, the street 
 is called " Scailane." One of the old houses standing here was built 
 by the Swedes, to repair an insult offered by them to the flag of the 
 usurper Oliver Cromwell. 
 
 Church-lane had its name from being opposite the Church. Black- 
 friar-gate is so called from the house of Augustine or Blackfriars 
 which stood in it. This and Blanket-row anciently formed one 
 street called Munk or Monk-gate, and as they led directly to the 
 jetty and ferry at old South-end, they were thriving and respectable 
 streets. Grimsby-lane took its name from Simon de Grymsby, 
 Mayor of Hull in 1390, and twice afterwards. Of Bishop-lane, the 
 historians tells us that the whole of the tenements on the south side 
 of the " venella called Bysshop Lane," with three tenements on the 
 north side, near Low-gate, belonged in former times to the See of 
 York, and afterwards to the Bishop of Hull : hence the name of the 
 lane. The Bishop of Hull had a fine palace in this lane, " with 
 lofty gates and towers." There is a tradition that a portion of the 
 site of this episcopal palace is the spot on which stand the premises 
 (Nos. 27 and 28) of Mr. Matthew Whitfield, general merchant. On 
 the opposite side of the way is a block of four substantial three- 
 storied houses, which must have been occupied by persons of wealth
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 321 
 
 in days gone by. Bishop-lane, and the street now called Bowlalloy- 
 lane, was at one time called Bishops-gate. Bishop-lane was formerly 
 arched at both ends. Chapel-lane was once called Aton-lane, from 
 the ancient baronial family of De Aton or Etton, which had con- 
 siderable property in Hull, Trippet, and Myton. Sir Gilbert de 
 Aton, who was summoned to parliament from 1324 to 1343, in 
 which year he died, had a mansion in the High-street. The origin 
 of the name of Salthouse-lane may be discovered from the will of 
 Nicholas Putfra, dated 1337, by which he gave his house in the 
 High-street, in which he dwelt, with the house called La Salthous 
 (because salt was formerly boiled there) to his daughter Johanna. 
 Eottenherring-staith took its name either from its proximity to the 
 dwelling house, in the High-street, of Robert and John Eoteneheriug 
 or Rotenheryng, eminent merchants of Hull, or from the circum- 
 stance of its being their property.* 
 
 Market-gate, or street, now the Market-place and Low-gate, were 
 once called High Market-gate and Low Market-gate, or High-gate 
 and Low-gate. In 1469 (8 Edw. IV.), the market was ordered to 
 be kept in the High-gate, from Whitefriar-gate end and Scale-lane 
 end, on both sides of the street, in that part which is now denomi- 
 nated the Market-place. The Market-place was enlarged in 1762 
 (See p. 145); and in 1771 flags were first laid on the foot-path 
 on the east side of it. The circumstances under which the Market 
 Cross was removed are mentioned at page 59. Hadley describes 
 it as " a handsome market cross of freestone." The same writer 
 states that there stood on one side of the Market-place, "a great 
 old house called Club Hall, the sign of the Seven Stars." The 
 ■weekly markets for vegetables, fruit, crockery, and small wares, 
 are now held in the Market-place, North Church-side, and part 
 of Queen-street. The butchers'-shambles and the fish-market are 
 
 * The word Slaith is of Saxon origin, and means a narrow road or lane leading 
 over the bank of the river to the waterside. There are several communications of 
 this description in Hull, and among those which are mentioned at an early period, 
 we find the names of " Slaih a Regis," or King's Staith, now Church-lane staith; 
 "Aldeburge stath," now Scale-lane staith ; and " Staiha de Munkgate," now Blackfriar- 
 gate staith. There were also several staiths called after their owners, such as Wil- 
 liam de Snayton's staith, Richard de Anlaby's staith, Walter de Frost's staith, Thomas 
 Barbour's staith, &c. 
 
 2 T
 
 3'2'2 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-CPOS-HCLL. 
 
 held in a covered market, off Queen-street. Formerly the butchers '- 
 shambles was a row of low unsightly stalls or sheds, at the east 
 end of High Church. In 1515 Dr. John Riplingham, President 
 of the town and college of Beverlev. built fish-shambles in Fish- 
 street: but in 1621 they were removed to Queen-street, by order of 
 the Mayor, and the butchers '-shambles, that were till then in the 
 latter place, were removed to the east end'of the Church. 
 
 Queen-street was then called Billings-gate, and in later times, the 
 street, as far as the end of Blackfriar-gate, was called the Butchery. 
 In the beginning of the present century this street extended no 
 further southwards in a direct line, than to the " Unicorn " public- 
 house (No. 70 . The street then took a south-easterly direction, 
 and entered the southernmost street in this direction, at that time 
 called (the eastern part) the Fore-ropery, and the western part the 
 Back-roperv. The fore and back ropery are now known as Humber- 
 street. Hadley mentions a building which anciently stood across 
 the Fore-ropery, and :as he says) "seems to have been an obser- 
 rv at top, and a place to sit in, and enjoy a view of the Humber 
 below." The whole of the ground south of Humber-street has been 
 reclaimed from the Humber. A great part of it was formed with 
 the rubbish excavated from the Humber Dock and its basin, in 
 
 isoa . 
 
 Hyton-gate was called by this name so early as the year 1391. 
 Later it was known as Lyle-street. The eastern part of the street 
 as far as Vicar-lane was. in ancient times, known as La Belle Tour 
 — the fine walk. 
 
 White-horse yard. In early times inns were chiefly the property 
 of noblemen, by whom they were established for the convenience 
 and accommodation of travellers. It appears from an ancient deed 
 mentioned by Mr. Frost, that William de la Pole. Earl of Suffolk, 
 was, in 1439 (16 Hen. Hi, the owner of an inn at Hull, called 
 "the White Horse," from which White Horse yard, in the Market- 
 , 1 k its name. Hadley mentions the staircase of that inn, 
 '•' which was so large and the ascent so gradual that horses have been 
 known, when they go: - - to walk up into the hay loft." This 
 I aken to have occurred long after the building ceased to be 
 an inn.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTOX-UPON-HUIX. 323 
 
 Low-gate, as we have stated, was once called Low Market-gate — 
 the markets having been formerly held there. This part of Market- 
 gate had acquired the appellation of Law-gate, or Low-gate, so early 
 as 1433, and was described by that name in a lease made by the 
 Archbishop of York to John Hesyll, of Kingston-upon-Hull, on the 
 27th of February, in that year. Some years ago Low-gate was the 
 residence of several of the most opulent inhabitants; and that sink 
 of iniquity, Leadenhall-square (now being blotted out of existence 
 to form an area on the south side of the Town Hall, and which 
 supplied so large a proportion of the cases in the Police Court), as 
 well as several other narrow filthy lanes in the old town, were, half 
 a century ago, inhabited by very respectable people. In Low-gate 
 stood the splendid palace of the De la Poles, and afterwards of 
 King Henry VIII (See p. 50). The noble gateway of this palace 
 was pulled down in 1771. In early times a road in continuation of 
 Low-gate, led across the field to the Charter House, and was called 
 Pole-street. A short street from the Charter House to the river 
 Hull was called North Pole-street. 
 
 Manor-street and Manor-alley derive their names from the Manor 
 Hall which once occupied their sites. Some trifling remains of the 
 palace may yet be seen in Manor-alley (See p. 52). Bishop's-gate, 
 afterwards Denton-lane, is now known as Boidalley-lane, owing to 
 the circumstance of a family of the name of Denton having resided 
 there in 1332, as appears from an original conveyance. 
 
 None of the historians of Hull give any derivation of the singular 
 name of the short street known as the Land of Green Ginger ; and 
 the cause of the name generally received by the inhabitants is, that 
 it was a place for the sale of ginger in early times. But of this 
 there is nothing certain known. In old maps it is designated Old 
 Beverley-street, and its continuation, Trinity House-lane, was known 
 as Beverley-street. In a rental of the town, taken in 1347, several 
 tenements are described to be in Old Beverley-street, and in Be- 
 verley-street, the property of the De la Poles. These tenements 
 lay on the north side of Denton-lane, where the palace of the De la 
 Poles was afterwards built. The garden of Piichard de la Pole was 
 described about the same period as adjoining Old Beverley-street. 
 The street was known by the latter appellation in the reign of
 
 321 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Henry VIII., for it was so called in a survey made in 1538 of the 
 estates of Sir W. Sydney, who had a grant of the manor of Hull 
 from that Monarch (See p. 61). In Hollar's map of Hull (1640) 
 the street has no name attached to it. From Hollar's time to Gent's 
 we have no plan of the town ; and in Gent's plan (1735) the street 
 is called " The Land of Green Ginger." On this subject a local 
 correspondent to " Notes and Queries " (Mr. John Kichardson, 
 Saville-street) of September 3, 1853, writes — "In a romance called 
 Piraute el Blanco, it is stated : — ' The morning collation at the 
 English Court was green ginger with good Malmsey, which was 
 their custom, because of the coldness of the land.' And in the 
 Fcedera, vii., 233, it is stated that, among other things, the cargo 
 of a Genoese ship which was driven ashore at Dunster, in Somer- 
 setshire, in 1380, consisted of green ginger (ginger cured with lemon 
 juice)." Mr. Richardson conjectures that, as Henry VIII. kept 
 his court here in the palace of the De la Poles (See p. 52), green 
 ginger was one of the luxuries of the royal table ; that the then 
 adjacent garden of the palace " was peculiarly suitable for the 
 growth of ginger — the same as Pontefract was for the growth of 
 the liquorice plant; and that upon the property being built upon, 
 the remembrance of this spot being so suitable for the growth of 
 ginger for the court would eventually give the peculiar name, in 
 the same way that the adjoining street of Bowl-Alleydane received 
 its title from the bowling-green near to it." A Birmingham corres- 
 pondent to "Notes and Queries" of the 23rd of the same month 
 (Mr. T. J. Buckton) observes that as a family of the Dutch name of 
 Lindegreen (green limetrees) had resided at Hull ; and as the junior 
 of that name would be called in Dutch "Lindegroen Jonger;" the 
 present unaccountable name of this street may have originated in a 
 corruption of that term. He also adds that the Dutch had, formerly, 
 much intercourse with Hull, one of their imports being the lamprey 
 (used as bait for turbot, cod, &c.) which used to be obtained in the 
 river Ouse near the mouth of the Derwent. A third writer in the 
 same serial thinks that the street was so named from green ginger 
 having been manufactured there. " Green ginger (he says) was one 
 of the favorite conserves of our ancestors, and great quantities of 
 it were made in this country from dried ginger roots." Another
 
 IHSTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 325 
 
 conjecture is, that the place has derived its name from Lindegren, 
 a personal name, and ganger or walk. Thus, Lindegren Ganger, or 
 Lindgren's Walk, corrupted to Land of Green Ginger. 
 
 The erection of the hospital of the Trinity House, upon a piece 
 of ground, which was used in 1342 as a garden by Kichard de la 
 Pole, and which was then described as being situated at the corner 
 of Old Kirk-lane and Old Beverley-street, led to the modern name 
 of Beverley-street, viz., Trinity House-lane. For some time pre- 
 viously to its obtaining its present appellation it was called Sewer- 
 side, from a sewer of considerable extent having run through the 
 middle of it. Seiver-lane, which is a continuation of the line through 
 which the sewer ran, was probably the channel which conveyed it to 
 the Humber. The latter was first called Ogger-lane, and afterwards 
 Sawyer-lane. Old Kirk-lane is now divided, and called Postern- 
 gate and North Church-side. Champaign-street or lane was the 
 name of Dagger-lane in 1470. " Daggard-lane " is mentioned in 
 1539. The ancient name of Finkle-street was Hailles-street. In 
 1649 there was a mill in Finkle-street, and the street then chiefly 
 consisted of gardens. Vicar-lane was formerly known as Bedford- 
 lane. Fish-street doubtless takes its name from the fish shambles 
 built there by Dr. Riplingham. When these were removed it 
 was called Brewers-lane ; but it subsequently resumed its ancient 
 name. 
 
 Whitefriar-gate, which is the principal entrance into the town, 
 and a portion of the ancient " Aldegate," derives its name from the 
 monastery of Carmelites or White Friars, which stood on the south 
 side of it. 
 
 Besides the ancient names of streets which we have noticed, there 
 were also in Hull, in early times, other streets, the precise situation 
 of which are unknown, as Fulke-street, Le Bother-street, Lyster- 
 gate, Le Pavement, &c. 
 
 Parliament-street was formed in 1796 (See p. 152). This under- 
 taking removed a place called Mug-house-entry, which accorded 
 fully with its name. 
 
 Waterworks-street, Waterhouse-lane, and Engine-street, derive their 
 appellations from the Waterworks which formerly stood near St.
 
 326 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULti. 
 
 John's Church. There was formerly a large beast market-place on 
 the east-side of Waterhouse-lane, occupying a portion of the site of 
 the present Prince's Dock. The space between the Anlaby-road 
 and the H umber was anciently called Myton Carr ; and the district 
 called the Pottery was formerly noted for the manufacture of bricks, 
 tiles, and earthenware. 
 
 Cogan-street is named after Alderman Coggan, or Cogan. Carlisle- 
 street, after another Alderman. Robert Carlisle was Mayor of Hull 
 in 1687. Story-street was built by a gentleman of that name. 
 Grimston-street has its name from the family of that name (now of 
 Grimston Garth, Holderness), who had property in that locality. 
 On the west side of Charlotte-street mews is the lower part of a 
 strong wall, which bounded part of the lands of the Grimstons. 
 Mason-street, Jarratt-street, Trip-pet-street, and Trippet, are called 
 after Aldermen of Hull named Mason, Jarratt, and Trippet. 
 
 Wincolmlee is a continuation of Trippet. The origin of this name 
 is unknown. We should suppose that it was once the ley or ground 
 of a family named Wincolm. According to Hadley, it derives its 
 name from the following curious circumstance : — One Mrs. Reed, 
 who once kept an alehouse in that neighbourhood, was wont, when 
 in her cups, to amuse her customers with incredible stories, winking 
 at the same time to her intimates, who knew her faculty of dealing 
 in the marvellous ; hence she obtained the title of Wink-and-lie, or 
 lee. Her house become so noted that it w r as usual for persons to 
 make parties to spend the evening at Wink-and-Lee'6 to hear a good 
 story ; and in process of time it gave the name to all that part of 
 the parish, which continued after her death, and which it still re- 
 tains. The north end of Wincolmlee, between the two ferries that 
 cross the Hull, was formerly called Wapping. 
 
 Lime-street evidently has its name from the lime or linden trees 
 which were formerly numerous in that locality. A few of them are 
 still remaining. At the south end of the street is a large old dilapi- 
 dated pile of brick building, known as the Sugar House, which, ac- 
 cording to Gent, was built in 1731. He states its dimensions to 
 be 79 feet in length, 46 in breadth, and 74 in height; and says it 
 has 138 windows. The old building narrowly escaped being burnt 
 down last year (See p. 207). This building was used as a sugar
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 327 
 
 refining house by Messrs. Thornton, Watson, and Co., and managed 
 by the late Mr. James Gadsden ; but this business has not been 
 carried on here during the last twenty-one years. The old Sugar 
 House is likely to be removed ere long, to make way for a new 
 street. 
 
 The Groves, or Growths, the appellation of a district on the east 
 side of the river Hull, was the name at one period given to the 
 space between the artificial banks erected to keep the waters of the 
 river confined to its channel. The word grove or groove means to 
 dig or hollow out, and the use of its application to this land was 
 owing to the tide sometimes digging away the land. 
 
 Drypool, as before stated, lies on the east side of Hull.* The 
 road which led from the foot of North Bridge to the eastern entrance 
 of the Citadel, and now called Great Union-street, was made in 
 1801. Its original boundary on the west side was formed by a high 
 wall, which enclosed the land called the Garrison-side. The Govern- 
 ment of that day granted 37 acres of that land to the Corporations 
 of the town and of Trinity House, in consideration of the money laid 
 out by these bodies towards the formation of the Humber Dock, and 
 upon condition that they should keep this road in repair in perpe- 
 tuity. This condition was performed until about six years ago, 
 when, by arrangement, the duty of maintaining the street was 
 transferred to the Local Board of Health. The excellent house of 
 Edward Gibson, Esq., in this street, was built in 1805. About the 
 year 1831 a new road was constructed from Hull to Hedon — this 
 street forming the beginning of it. 
 
 Drypool-square, an open piece of ground near the church-yard, 
 
 * The parish of Drypool, which includes the township of Southcoates, is locally 
 situated in the middle division of the wapentake of Holderness, though it now forms 
 a portion of the horough of Hull. Drypool is mentioned in Domesday under the 
 Barnes of Dritpole and Dripol, and Ealph de Mortimer was lord thereof (See p. 16). 
 It had not any Church at that period, but was a portion of the paiish of Ferriby. In 
 1298 Dripol, in Holderness, is mentioned as a port between the Hull and the Humber. 
 When the Citadel was formed in 1681, the site of the original village of Drypool was 
 enclosed within its boundary; and it was only then that a new village began to rise 
 north of the parish Chureh. Drypool is ecclesiastically united with Southcoates. 
 The street called Witham, in this locality, and its continuation, the Holderness-road, 
 are in Sutton parish. Near Drjpool was situated the village of Frisneck, which was 
 destroyed by an inundation of the Humber.
 
 328 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 was granted to the inhabitants in 1836 ; and the following is a copy 
 of the deed of gift : — 
 
 " To all to whom these presents shall come, I, Sir Thomas Aston Clifford Constable, of 
 Burton Constable, in Holderness, in the County of York, Baronet, Lord of the 
 Seigniory of Holderness, Lord of the Manor of Drypool, in Holderness aforesaid, 
 send greeting. 
 
 " Whereas the Overseers of the poor, and memhers of the select vestry of the parish 
 of Drypool aforesaid, by their memorial under their hands, lately presented to me, 
 have set forth that tbere is a piece of waste ground in the said parish, heretofore 
 called the Green Well, which being stagnant, and at times unwholesome and in- 
 jurious to the health of the surrounding inhabitant householders and others, has, by 
 the said memorialists and their predecessors, been partially and progressively filled 
 up. That they, the said memorialists, are desirous of completing the work of filling 
 and levelling the remainder of the said Green Well and the scite thereof, which, with 
 the margins and waste ground surrounding the same, will contain eight hundred 
 square yards or thereabouts. And such work being done and to be done at the 
 general expense, and by and out of the rates of the said parish, they, the said memo- 
 rialists, have besought me to make a grant of the said Green Well, and the scite 
 thereof, and other waste ground aforesaid, to them and other the parishioners of 
 Drypool aforesaid, so that the same might henceforth remain open for the benefit of 
 all the inhabitants of the said parish. 
 
 " Now know ye, that I, the said Sir Thomas Aston Clifford Constable, having regard 
 to the prayer of the said memorialists, and to the accommodation of the inhabitants, 
 present and future of the said parish of Drypool, have granted, ordained, and ap- 
 pointed, and by these presents, for myself and my heirs, Lords of the Manor of Dry- 
 pool aforesaid, Do grant, ordain, and appoint that the said Green Well, and the scite 
 thereof, and the waste ground encompassing the same, and hereinafter more par- 
 ticularly described, shall henceforth for ever hereafter, be, continue, and remain open 
 to all the inhabitants of the said parish, as well as the inhabitants of houses abutting 
 and bounding upon the same, as all other persons whatsoever now and hereafter in- 
 habiting and dwelling within the said parish, to pass and repass upon and over the 
 same at all times at their, his, and her free will and pleasure, and without any in- 
 closure or exclusive appropriation to be made thereof, or any part thereof. 
 
 " And I, the said Sir Thomas Aston Clifford Constable, having regard to the sa- 
 lubrity and improvement of the said parish of Drypool, and to the benefit of the 
 inhabitants thereof, do, by these presents, for myself or my heirs, Lords of the said 
 Manor of Drypool, further grant, ordain, and appoint that no grant, lease, demise, or 
 assurance shall hereafter be made of the said waste ground and premises, to any person 
 or persons whomsoever, thereby authorising any inclosure to be made, or any buildin" 
 to be erected in or upon the same, or any part thereof, or any use or appropriation to be 
 made thereof, or of any part thereof, for any private or individual purpose whatsoever. 
 And for the more certain identity of the said parcel of waste ground and premises 
 hereby granted, and for preventing questions and disputes concerning the same in 
 times to come, I do declare the said Green Well, and the scite thereof, and the mar- 
 gins and waste ground encompassing the same, to be bounded on the north by the 
 high road or street called Great Union-street, on the east by the church yard, on the 
 south by ground and buildings of Mr. Edward Eobinson, and on the west by ground 
 and buildings of Edward Nicholas Walton, and have caused a map thereof to be de- 
 lineated in the margin of these presents. In witness whereof I have hereunto set
 
 HISTORY OF KINOSTON-UPON-UULL. 329 
 
 my hand and seal, this twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thou- 
 sand eight hundred and thirty-six 
 
 (Signed) "THOMAS ASTON CLIFFORD CONSTABLE. 
 
 "Signed, sealed, and delivered (being first duly stamped) by the within named Sir 
 Thomas Aston Clifford Constable, in the presence of 
 
 (Signed) "GEORGE CLIFFORD. 
 
 " FERDINAND CEROTI." 
 
 Castle-street was called Burford-street in 1791. Fifty years ago 
 there were but few houses in it. The house now occupied by Dr. 
 Mc. Millan was the residence of George Schonswar, a former M.P. 
 for Hull, and is the oldest house in this part of the town. In the 
 house in the occupation of Mr. James Simpson, painter, &c, resided 
 Thomas Boyes, Esq., a Hull merchant, who, having amassed a for- 
 tune, retired to Driffield. Two of his sons, the late Bethell and 
 Faulkner Boyes, were also merchants in this port; and the Misses 
 Boyes, now residing in English-street, are his daughters. Mr. 
 Thomas Boyes's eldest daughter was the wife of Christopher Leake 
 Ringrose, Esq., now of Trauby. 
 
 In 1814 (according to Anderson's plan) the ground now occupied 
 by the Railway Dock and warehouses, the Railway Goods Depot, 
 the Borough Gaol, &c, was then all open, and known as Dock Green. 
 The Limekiln Drain, which flows into the Humber at Limekiln 
 Creek, was then open up to the end of Castle-row. The drain has 
 had its name from some lime-kilns which stood in this locality. By 
 the way, this drain is said to be the remaius of the old Hull (See 
 p. 11). Manor House Tavern, in this neighbourhood, is supposed 
 to occupy the site of the ancient hall or grange-house of the lordship 
 of Myton, which was included in the grant to the monks of Meaux 
 (See pp. 16, 17).* At this inn the Corporation of Hull, as lords 
 of Myton Manor, used formerly to dine every year. Here we may 
 
 * The spot where stood the Myton Manor House lies (according to Frost) to the 
 east of the present limekiln drain — formerly the embouchure of Old Hull ; and in 
 modern conveyances it is called Grangewick or Mount Close. Ray, in his Itinerary, 
 says, " We observed in a close called Granswick great store of cariuin " (carroway), 
 a plant which, he remarks, grew in many places about the town. At this place the 
 monks of Meaux had a grange; and on its site the successor of Edward I. built a 
 manor. Tupeoates, where William de la Pole built anew manor, was within the same 
 lordship. This house, ifec, occupied about six acres of land, which were "encom- 
 passed with a great moat." The building was fortified. (Lansd. MSS. No. 894, 
 fol. 103.) 
 
 2 U
 
 330 HISTORY OF KINGST0N-UP0N-HULL. 
 
 observe that the manorial rights of Myton are not now worth much. 
 The Stewards of the Manor are Messrs. Thompson and Cook, soli- 
 citors. There are no other manorial rights in Hull. 
 
 There were but few houses (except garden huts) between the 
 Humber Dock and St. James-street (formerly Cent-per-cent-street) 
 in 1814. The space was in open fields or gardens, intersected by 
 a few lanes. The Whittington Inn had then connected with it a 
 noted tea-garden. The space between Edwards-place and Wood's- 
 lane was occupied by eight small gardens, rented by as many mer- 
 chants or tradesmen. This piece of ground was previously a field, 
 said to have been called the Kissing Field, from the game of the 
 kissing-ring having been so commonly played there. The south 
 end of Coganstreet was then called Love-lane, and had no houses in 
 it; and the north end was called Garden Cottage-row, and had 
 houses on the east side of it.* Waverley-street, then called Pinfold- 
 lane, led to the pinfold which was at the angle of the Hessle-road 
 and Great Thornton-street. Ressle-road was then known as Pat- 
 rick's Ground-lane, and ended in the fields ; and Great Thornton- 
 street as Gallcws-lane. The gallows stood a little to the south-east 
 of the west end of the present Hessle-road. The erection of the 
 gibbet near Hull took place in 1302. The last execution here 
 occurred in 1778 (See p. 146). 
 
 Away in the fields, near the spot occupied as the Jewish cemetery 
 (Walker-street) an old itinerant razor-grinder, named Sugden, was 
 permitted to build himself a small dwelling, which was long known 
 as Sugdsns Mud Hut. The open space between Cogan-street and 
 St. James's-street, was entirely divided into garden plots. The 
 west end of English-street, the west side of St. James's-street, 
 Edgar-street, and a place called St. Mark's-square, were, in great 
 part lined with houses, and constituted the district known as the 
 Pottery. There were no such streets in 1814 as Porter-street, 
 
 * In the beginning of the present century the tide flowed up over the ground now 
 known as Wellington-street-west. The first Jetty in this direction was about 15 feet 
 wide, and the tide flowed up on each side of it. Some remains of this Jetty may yet 
 be seen (Nov. 1863), but the spot will soon be included in the West Dock. A larger 
 Jetty was afterwards made a little west of it, by the Corporation, and was called the 
 West Jetty. As Lord Brougham landed upon it soon after it was constructed, it for 
 some time bore the name of " Brougham's Jetty."
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 031 
 
 Walker-street, Lister-street, William-street, Adelaide-street, &c. 
 At that period Myton-street, Burton-street, Fawcett-street, and 
 Upper and Lower Union-streets, ended in open fields or gardens. 
 The buildings on the Anlaby-road, beyond Ocean-place, were very 
 few. Park-street was then called Pesthouse-lane (afterwards Col- 
 lege-lane) ; there was not a house then on Spring-bank ; and there 
 was but one house in Spring-street. There was then but one house 
 on the Beverley-road, and but very few in Pryme-street and Wright- 
 street. Several streets in this locality were not then in existence. 
 The space between Charles-street and Bourne-street was chiefly 
 occupied with small garden plots, and the whole was known as 
 French's Gardens. A wall passed across Charles-street, near the 
 end of Wright-street ; and a wall crossed the spot now forming 
 the south end of Caroline-street. At the north end of the latter 
 street was a " Halfpenny-hatch." Much of the ground in this lo- 
 cality belonged to George Pryme, Esq. The passage between 
 Mason-street and Sykes-street, called Grotto-square, is one of the 
 oldest rows of buildings in its neighbourhood. With the exception 
 of Lime-street, and two or three other very small streets, the now 
 populous district of the Groves was unbuilt in 1814. Great Union- 
 street, a portion of Witham, and two or three small streets excepted, 
 Dryjwol was then but thinly populated.* 
 
 By means of three freehold land societies, originally formed with 
 the view of creating parliamentary votes for the East Riding, the 
 suburbs of Hull have been extended in several directions. The 
 " Hull and East Riding Freehold Land Society," and the " Hull, 
 Beverley, and East Riding Freehold Land Society," were founded 
 in 1850. The former body purchased the " Southcoates Estate," on 
 the Holderness-road, and the " Kingston Estate," on the Beverley- 
 road. Through the first named estate runs one long highway called 
 Durham-street. The two principal streets on the Kingston Es- 
 tate, Hop wood-street and Leonard-street, were named after the late 
 Mr. Frederick Hopwood, who was one of the principal promoters 
 of, and the first Secretary to his Society ; and Mr. Leonard West, 
 formerly a grocer and wine merchant, in Silver-street. Mr. West 
 
 * An interesting plan of Hull, as it appeared at the opening of the present century, 
 drawn by Mr. John Aitken, is about to be lithographed and published.
 
 332 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUXL. 
 
 having adopted the principles of total abstinence from intoxicating 
 drink, presented his stock of wines, &c, to the Hull Infirmary, to 
 be used therein as medicine by the patients. Mr. William Balk 
 is now the Secretary of this Society. 
 
 The Hull, Beverley, and East Riding Freehold Land Society, of 
 which Mr. James Beeton was the chief promoter, and is now the 
 Secretary, possess three estates, one of which adjoins the Kingston 
 Estate, and is called the " Spring Bank Estate ;" the second is on 
 the Holderness-road, and is known as the " Somerstown Estate;" and 
 the third is the " Victoria Estate," situate on the Hedon-road. On 
 the Somerstown Estate one of the streets has been named Beeton- 
 street, by way of compliment to the Secretary of the Society. All 
 the foregoing estates have been purchased in the interest of the 
 liberal party. A piece of ground near the Cemetery, called the 
 " Derringham Estate," has been purchased, allotted, and built upon 
 by the conservative party. 
 
 A portion of Wold Carr, now called "Beeton's Ville," on the 
 Anlaby-road, is now being built upon. Five years ago Mr. James 
 Beeton, T.C., purchased 23 acres of this carr, and laid it out in 
 streets, with a site in the centre for a place of worship, which the 
 proprietor intends to present to some religious body. Mr. Beeton 
 has named the principal avenues, Walton-street, Paisley-street, Pul- 
 man-street, Longden-street, Evans'-square, and Cooke's-terrace, after 
 the surnames of his daughter, sisters, and nieces, all of whom, ex- 
 cept his daughter, reside in America.* 
 
 Adjoining this property on the east is a tract of land which the 
 North Eastern Railway Company have signified their intention to 
 convert into a park for villa residences. 
 
 Proposed Street Improvements. — The Local Board of Health has 
 
 * In the year 1850 a movement was made by a number of gentlemen for building 
 model lodging-houses in Hull, for the poor, out of the borough rates; but this was 
 frustrated chiefly through the opposition of Mr. Beeton, to whom a number of the 
 townspeople gave a silver salver, weighing 30 ox. The piece of plate is inscribed 
 tl lus: — "presented to Mr. James Beeton, as a Testimonial of respect for his con- 
 sistent advocacy of the principles of Peogressive Reform, and for his bold and fear- 
 less exposure of the attempt to waste the People's Money in the Scheme for Building 
 Model Lodging Houses. Hull, 2nd Octr. 1800." And being one of the chief pro- 
 moters of the Hull Cemetery, the Cemetery Company presented him with a neatly 
 framed engraving of the Cemetery grounds.
 
 HISTORY OP KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 333 
 
 Wonderfully changed the general aspect of Hull within the last ten 
 years. In a leading article on the West District Drainage, in the 
 pa^cs of the Hull Advertiser, of the date of September 23, 18G3, the 
 able editor of that newspaper (E. F. Collins, Esq.) says: — "We 
 heartily congratulate the Local Board of Health on this fresh evi- 
 dence of progressive energy and resolved determination to keep 
 steadily in the path of enlightened progress. In the face of much 
 and not unnatural opposition, tbe Board of Health has already done 
 an immense deal to improve the physical condition of Hull. Those 
 who remember the aspect of the leading streets before the Board 
 was established, have only to traverse them now to be amazed at 
 the change for the better which has been wrought in all our prin- 
 cipal thoroughfares, and in the approaches to Hull from Hessle, 
 Anlaby,* Beverley, and Holderness. As a natural consequence 
 Hull is rapidly increasing in population, and in all the external 
 evidences of wealth People find a pleasure in settling in a town 
 where the streets are clean, orderly, and well-lighted ; where the 
 footpaths are wide, level, and so laid out as to make the act of walk- 
 ing upon them a pleasure; and where the drainage promises to be 
 adequate to the removal of those causes of deadly disease which are 
 found ever associated with imperfect sewerage." After alluding to 
 the time (1840) before there was a Board of Health in Hull, when 
 the population was about 67,000, and the rate of mortality was 35 
 deaths for every thousand ; and, contrasting it with the present pe- 
 riod when (as he states) the population considerably exceeds 112,000, 
 and the rate of mortality is a fraction below 23 per thousand (See 
 p. 177), he says : — " We make this assertion in a spirit of deep 
 religious reverence. God, in the inscrutableness of His wisdom, 
 permits communities as well as individuals either to abridge or to 
 extend the duration of their own lives ; and in Hull, a3 in all the 
 large towns in England, thousands of men, women, and children 
 have been prematurely destroyed by diseases which never could 
 
 * A good number of very handsome houses, forming terraces, have recently been 
 erected on th'e Anlaby-road, and several are now in course of construction. During 
 the present year (1863) the footway on the north side of the road has been widened 
 and repaved, and a long row of trees (chesnut, lime, Turkey oak, and sycamore) 
 planted within the kerb line, which, in a few years, will be highly ornamental.
 
 334 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 have attacked them had the streets been clean and the improve- 
 ments made which Boards of Health are now everywhere effecting. 
 Formerly, every increase of population tended to increase the general 
 mortality ; now we find that where sanitary laws are observed, the 
 more the people congregate civically, the more they promote both 
 the duration and the intellectual enjoyments of life." And further 
 on this talented journalist continues: — '"There is no such thing as 
 providing for the enjoyment of good health on the part of the 
 wealthier classes unless care be taken to supply the poor with clean 
 and wholesome dwellings, well ventilated, and with plenty of light 
 and water. The neglected poor in a town never fail to breed the 
 infections which kill those who neglect them. In this way paupers 
 in England have frequently occasioned the death of Peers — the 
 fever generated in the reeking filth of the miserable hovel having 
 steamed its pestiferous way into the baronial hall and laid low the 
 noblest inmates. Now it is in the power of the Board of Health to 
 banish fever from Hull, and, aided by the inhabitants, never to 
 allow that disease to re-appear among us. The process of the ba- 
 nishment of fever is rather expensive, but it is not one-twentieth 
 part so costly as prostration of strength, sickness, and death. Better 
 be taxed to make a drain than charge survivors with the cost of a 
 shroud, a coffin, a hearse, and a place of deposit in the Cemetery. 
 We are ourselves most grateful to the Board of Health for what it 
 has done for the sanitary improvement of Hull ; and we trust it will 
 continue its labours while there remains a nuisance to abate, or an 
 improvement to carry out within the precincts of the borough." 
 
 Among the public improvements of the town, none are perhaps 
 more important than those which are carried out by the Town's 
 Improvements Committee of the Board of Health, over which Mr. 
 Alderman Witty presides. The improvements which have been 
 undertaken by this Committee are numerous, and their action is in- 
 creasing. In September, 18G2, Mr. Sharp, their Surveyor, sub- 
 mitted a plan to the Local Board, shewing the improvements both 
 in progress and in contemplation, and for carrying out which the 
 Board had obtained the Secretary of State's sanction for borrowing 
 a sum of £20,000. These improvements are to be effected in Castle- 
 row, Myton-place, Great Passage-street, Waterhouse-lane, Salthouse-
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-I1ULL. 335 
 
 lane, High-street, Low-gate, Leadenhall-square, and North Church- 
 side. The Castle-row and Myton-place improvement comprises a 
 new street laid out with a view of affording a direct communication 
 to the new West Dock from Myton-place, where the greater pro- 
 portion of the traffic from the north and east parts of the borough 
 will concentrate. The proposed street will be 40 feet wide through- 
 out, laid out in a segmental curve, and occupying the site of the 
 old footpath called Castle-row, between Myton-place and Wood's- 
 lane ; from whence it will proceed in a straight line to Manor House- 
 street, which will form the best practicable approach to the bridge 
 over the entrance lock to the new dock. The whole of the present 
 houses fronting the west side of Castle-row will have to be pulled 
 clown for the purpose of this improvement ; and, as we understand 
 it is the intention to build handsome business premises on that side 
 of the new street, it will, when the Burial Board shall have com- 
 pleted certain negociations for throwing a narrow strip of the Castle- 
 street burial ground into the highway ; and the present unsightly 
 brick wall of that side of the street is replaced with open palisading, 
 form an approach to the town from the new dock of no mean attrac- 
 tion. The Great Passage-street improvement has already been 
 completed, and its appearance seems so correct, that the occasional 
 observer is apt to wonder when the alteration has been made ; 
 nevertheless the eastern portion of Great Passage-street, which was 
 originally only 14 feet 9 inches in width, has been, by this altera- 
 tion, increased to 25 feet. 
 
 The Waterhouse-lane improvement consists of widening the south- 
 ern portion, which is now in parts only 17 feet 10 inches in width, 
 to a minimum width of 30 feet. The importance of this improve- 
 ment may be calculated from the single fact that it will be the most 
 direct thoroughfare between the West Dock a*nd Sculcoates and the 
 East District, without passing through the old town, which neces- 
 sarily involves the crossing of two draw-bridges. The Salthouse- 
 lane and High-street improvement is designed to reduce the abrupt- 
 ness of the turn out of High-street into Salthouse-lane on the north 
 side, by pulling down the houses at the corner and setting them 
 back so as to increase the width of High-street, which is now only 
 20J feet, to 30 feet, and of Salthouse-lane, which measures only 35£
 
 336 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 feet, also to 30 feet. The Scale-lane and High-street improvement 
 is partially completed, and relieves the town out of High-street into 
 Scale-lane, as the south-east corner in a similar manner to that in- 
 tended in the Salthouse-lane improvement, which is already appre- 
 ciated ; but we understand that the widening of Scale-lane will be 
 continued for a great extent at some future time. 
 
 The North Church-side improvement consists of the widening of 
 the street by adding a strip from the Churchyard. The place is 
 now overcrowded on Market days, but as the position of the Church 
 prevents any great alteration in its width being made, at the east 
 end the relief will be limited. The proposed improvement will, 
 however, throw the Church more open to view, and this alone will 
 be a great gain. 
 
 The Low-gate improvement consists of the widening of that street 
 opposite St. Mary's Church, from its present width of 23 feet to 38 
 feet ; and of piercing the tower of the Church and carrying the foot- 
 way through it. The latter part of this plan has just been accom- 
 plished ; and with the co-operation of the Burial Committee of the 
 Local Board of Health (under the presidency of Mr. Town Coun- 
 cillor Dibbs), great improvements have been made in and about St. 
 Mary's grave-yard. The Leadenhall-square improvement has con- 
 siderably progressed, so far as the removal of old property from its 
 site, the chief object being to secure good approaches to the new 
 Town Hall; but the ultimate inteution, we believe, is to complete a 
 street 40 feet wide in its place. So far Mr. Sharp's plan.* 
 
 The conversion of the Citadel site into a number of streets is 
 noticed at page 272. It is intended to make a new and respectable 
 approach from Prospect-street to the Railway Station and Paragon- 
 street, which will form the chief line of communication to the rail- 
 way from the northern' suburbs of the town. The B-ailway Com- 
 
 * On the 29th of last June, " An Act to confirm certain provisional orders under 
 the Local Government Act," relating to Hull and eleven other towns and districts, 
 received the royal assent. This new law confirms certain clauses in the Local Go- 
 vernment Act, for the purchase of land by the Local Board of Health for street im- 
 provements ; for altering the Hull Improvement Act; and for conferring new powers 
 upon the Local Board. The latter body has now legal powers to take, with or with- 
 out the consent of the owners, the pieces of land required to make improvements in 
 Salthouse-lane, Waterhouse-lane, My ton-place, Castle-row, North Church-side, and 
 Leadenhall-square.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 337 
 
 pany will co-operate with the Local Board in carrying out this 
 project. The formation of a new street from the old Sugar House 
 in Lime-street to Cleveland-street has just been proposed; and 
 another between the Beverley and Holderness roads, with a bridge 
 across the Hull, so as to bring into easy communication with each 
 other, the east and west districts. On the outskirts of the town 
 new streets are springing up in every direction. 
 
 The North Bridge is to be rebuilt or remodelled ; and the works 
 of a South Bridge over the river Hull has recently been commenced. 
 These, and several other street improvements in the town, will be 
 found incidentally alluded to in various parts of this volume. 
 
 Drainage. — The drainage works of the West District of Hull 
 being totally inadequate to the requirements of the locality, a per- 
 fection and extension of them was, twelve years ago, considered im- 
 peratively necessary; and consequently, during that period, this 
 was one of the leading subjects of debate in the Council Chamber. 
 But the Board of Health, and indeed the inhabitants generally, were 
 divided into what might be designated, two strong factions ; one 
 party advocating the adoption of an artificial outfall produced by 
 pumping, the other contending, with considerable warmth, for a 
 system dependent solely on gravitation. Last year Mr. Joseph Fox 
 Sharp, C.E., the Surveyor to the Local Board, drew up a Report on 
 the "Outfall Drainage of the West District;" and from that docu- 
 ment we quote a few preliminary observations. Mr. Sharp writes : — 
 " The ' District ' of the Local Board is, for the purpose of drainage, 
 almost necessarily divided into three areas, consequent on its inter- 
 section by the river Hull, and by the docks constructed on the line 
 of moat which enclosed the ancient walls of the borough between 
 the rivers Humber and Hull. These several areas have generally, 
 in reference to the drainage, been termed the ' East,' ' West,' and 
 'Old Town ' districts ; the latter comprising the area enclosed by 
 the rivers and the docks, the others forming the remaining portions 
 of the District of the Board which their respective names indicate 
 in relation to the river Hull. 
 
 " The drainage of the ' Old Town ' consists of a series of sewers 
 discharging into the rivers Humber and Hull, of sufficient capacity 
 to retain the drainage, during such periods as their discharge is 
 
 2 x
 
 338 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HITLL. 
 
 impeded by the tides ; they are in length almost co-extensive with 
 the streets, but their efficiency is entirely dependent on the syste- 
 matic arrangements for cleansing and flushing which are in opera- 
 tion. The drainage of the • East ' District embodies with what 
 may be termed the present system, one of an earlier date. Before 
 the year 1854, but little provision for the sewerage had been made 
 other than that obtained from the old land drains, some of which 
 had been arched over, but about that period a system of drainage 
 designed by Mr. Clark was partially carried out, the sewers in con- 
 nexion with which it was proposed to relieve by pumping engines. 
 These have, however, never been erected, and the sewers have con- 
 sequently been dependent on their natural capabilities of discharge. 
 * 1= * The drainage of the ' West ' District, is at present divided 
 into two areas, comprising those portions of the district which are 
 respectively situate in the parishes of Holy Trinity and Sculcoates ; 
 the drainage of the former discharging into the Humber, and of the 
 latter into the river Hull." 
 
 The drainage of this district was also reported on, in 1850, by 
 Mr. James Smith, of Deanston, in 1853 by Mr. W. Clark, and in 
 1855 by Mr. C. S. Newman, Surveyors to the Board of Health ; in 
 1855 by Mr. K. A. Marillier, Surveyor, by Mr. C. F. Butler, As- 
 sistant Surveyor to the Board, and also by Mr. T. Hawksley, C.E., 
 of Westminster — all of whom submitted plans more or less different. 
 Mr. Clark's plan involved two pumping stations, one to be placed 
 in the Corporation field in Park-street, by which means the sewage 
 was to be raised to a higher level, and thence to be discharged by 
 the other pumping engine erected at the outfall into the Humber at 
 Eopery-street. Mr. Newman, Mr. Smith, and Mr. Marillier, pro- 
 posed somewhat similar schemes. Mr. Butler's plan was essentially 
 different, being upon the principle of gravitation. The Board sub- 
 mitted the plans of Mr. Marillier and Mr. Butler to Mr. Hawks- 
 ley, who, although agreeing with the principle of gravitation, still, 
 as a necessary precaution against any extraordinary rainfall, con- 
 current with a weak ebb tide, recommended that auxiliary steam 
 power should be erected at the outfall. The Board ultimately 
 adopted Mr. Butler's plan, and submitted it for the approval of the 
 General Board ; but it failed to receive their sanction. On the ap-
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 339 
 
 pointment of Mr. Sharp, the present Surveyor to the Local Board, 
 the whole matter was referred to him, and he prepared the Report 
 from which we have quoted in our preceding remarks. The Board 
 accorded to him a unanimous vote of thanks for the able manner in 
 which the Report was presented ; but several months passed away, 
 and some lengthened discussions took place before his plans were 
 finally adopted. The higher powers have since then approved of 
 them, and the sanction of the Secretary of State has been obtained 
 for borrowing the sum of £21,000., on mortgage of the general dis- 
 trict rate, for carrying out the scheme ; the money to be repayable 
 in thirty years. 
 
 Mr. Sharp's plan is on the gravitating system, and the course 
 which he has adopted carries out the principal of interception to the 
 greatest degree practicable, which is so essential to a flat district. 
 The trunk drain will be about four miles in length, and hundreds 
 of branches will turn into it in all directions. The outfall is in- 
 tended to discharge into the river Humber a short distance west of 
 the new dock; from whence the main sewer will continue up Nep- 
 tune-street and the Hessle-road to the junction of Walker-street and 
 Porter-street. So far it will be a circular drain, Gi feet in diameter, 
 but after that, its dimensions will vary. From this junction, one 
 branch will go along Porter-street, Midland-street, by the front of 
 the Railway station and hotel, along the new street to be formed 
 from the Station yard to Brook-street, crossing Prospect-street, to 
 New George-street, and to the end of Lock wood-street. The other 
 branch will take Walker-street, Park-street, Leonard-street, and 
 the Beverley road to the Park. The whole of the sewers will be 
 laid at a sufficient depth to drain the lowest cellars in the district, 
 and at gradients varying from 1 in 300 to 1 in 1,600. 
 
 For the disposal of storm water, Mr. Sharp at first suggested an 
 overflow into a contemplated diversion of the Barmston, Skidby, and 
 Cottiugham drains westward of the town, but this was given up in 
 consequence of the many conflicting interests it would be necessary 
 to centend with, and the alternative of making provision for pump- 
 ing engines at the outfall had to be adopted. As these, however, 
 • will not be required but on exceptional occasions, it is not intended 
 to erect them until experience proves them to be necessary.
 
 340 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 Last July the contract for the West District Drainage was ob- 
 tained by Messrs. Dixon and Sleight, of Liverpool, for the sum of 
 £12,823. 12s. 2d. ; and in September the foundation stone was laid 
 in Neptune-street, by Mr. Robert Waller, in presence of the mem- 
 bers of the Local Board and a great concourse of people. The 
 Mayor delivered an appropriate address, and presenting Mr. Waller 
 with an elegant silver trowel, requested him to inaugurate the un- 
 dertaking, it being " fitting that the Chairman, on whom had de- 
 volved the duty of maturing the plans, and who had undertaken, 
 with his colleagues, the labour of this important work for the health 
 and happiness of the town, should be the person to lay the first 
 stone rather than any other person." Mr. Waller then descended 
 to the stone, which was at a depth of about 20 feet from the surface, 
 and having laid it in the usual manner, the band of the police force 
 struck up the national anthem, and the cheers of the multitude were 
 vociferous. A large number of gentlemen then adjourned to a tent 
 which had been erected close by, and in which they partook of a 
 substantial luncheon, as the guests of Mr. Waller.* 
 
 Over an aperture in the stone was a brass plate, upon which was 
 engraven this inscription : — 
 
 " The foundation stone of the drainage works of the West District of the borough 
 of Kingston-upon-Hull, was laid by Mr. Councillor Waller, Chairman of the West 
 District Drainage Committee of the Local Board of Health, in and for the same 
 borough, on Friday, the 25th day of September, in the 27th year of the reign of her 
 Majesty Queen Victoria, and in the year of our Lord 1863. — W. H. Moss, Esq., Mayor 
 and Chairman of such Local Board, consisting of 55 other members, being Aldermen 
 and Councillors of the borough. Officers of the board: — C. S. Todd, Law-clerk; 
 J. Fox Sharp, C.E.; E. H. Whitty, Clerk of Accounts; Messrs. Dixon and Sleight, 
 Contractors. — Estimation of the cost of the work, i'21,000. 
 
 In the aperture was deposited a sealed glass bottle, containing 
 the above inscription engrossed on parchment, and in addition the 
 names of the members of the Board of Health, copies of the local 
 
 * In proposing, as a toast, the "Town and Trade of Hull," at this luncheon, Mr. 
 Waller stated that in Hull, during the last ten years, there had been an increase of 
 no less than 25,000 souls; and that during the last year alone the Works Committee 
 had had the supervision of plans for the erection of about 500 dwellings. He cal- 
 culated that by the end of the next ten years the increase would be 33,000, requiring 
 about 5,6 )0 more dwellings than we had at present, or an increase of 560 houses each 
 year during these ten years. Two-thirds of all these houses (he said) would be con- 
 nected, directly or indirectly, with the new drainage.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 341 
 
 newspapers, and the coins of the realm from a half-crown down- 
 wards. The trowel, which was supplied by Mr. Bethell Jacobs, 
 bears this inscription : —   
 
 " The first stone of the Drainage Works of the West District of the Borough of 
 Kingston-upon-Hull was laid with this trowel, on the 25th day of Septemher, 18C3, 
 by Mr. Councillor Waller, Chairman of the Works Committee, in the presence of 
 the Worshipful the Mayor, W. H. Moss, Esq., and the members of the Local Board 
 of Health." 
 
 THE LORD HIGH STEWARD. 
 
 At page 318 of this history we noticed the death of the late High 
 Steward of this borough (the Marquis of Normanby), and the ap- 
 pointment of his noble successor in that " ancient and honourable 
 office " (the Earl de Grey and Ripon) ; and at page 213, we have 
 shewn that the new High Steward accepted the invitation of the 
 Corporation to visit Hull, to be installed in his new office, and to 
 receive the affectionate welcome of the whole of the townspeople. 
 The 14th of October was the day appointed for the inauguration 
 ceremonial, but in consequence of an important and unavoidable 
 ministerial engagement in London, the noble War Secretary was 
 compelled to postpone his visit to Thursday, the 29th of the same 
 month. As before stated, it was intended to invite the newly in- 
 stalled High Steward to lay the foundation stone of the South 
 Bridge, and to inaugurate the statue of Her Majesty in the People's 
 Park ; but matters in connexion with the commencement of the new 
 bridge not being found to be in a sufficiently forward state for the 
 proposed ceremony, that part of the programme was omitted. 
 
 The celebration of the installation festivities having occurred 
 whilst the previous sheet of our history was passing through the 
 press, we gladly availed ourselves of the end of a section of our work, 
 to place on record an epitome of the proceedings of a day, which 
 the learned Recorder of the town designated, in his speech at the 
 banquet which took place on the occasion, as the " most memorable 
 and distinguished day in the annals of Hull ;" and which an able 
 local journalist described as " a day in Hull memorable beyond all 
 precedent, and successful beyond all expectation."* Truly has it 
 
 * In the Hull Advertiser of October 31st, the talented editor of that journal made 
 the following very appropriate observations : — " The inauguration of Earl de Grey
 
 342 HISTORY OF KINGST0N-TJP0N-HULL. 
 
 been described as " another red-letter-day in the history of Hull," 
 and the noble head of the War Department of the Queen's Govern- 
 ment must long remember with feelings of pride the happy occasion 
 when he resumed his connexion with the borough of Hull. The 
 Installation Committee of the Corporation, upon whom devolved the 
 task of preparing a programme of the day's proceedings, worked well 
 and heartily ; they brought about a reception which was worthy of 
 the position of the town, and of the nobleman to whom they were 
 desirous of doing honour ; and their arrangements were fully en- 
 dorsed by the inhabitants generally, who were delighted that the 
 noble Earl's connexion with the town was about to be renewed 
 under such favourable circumstances. Everything that could be 
 accomplished was done with the view of dispelling all unpleasant 
 reminiscences in his lordship's mind of what took place a few years 
 ago ; and there exists no doubt of the entire success of those efforts. 
 Lord de Grey and Ripon arrived in Hull per railway, on the 
 evening before the installation day, and on alighting from the train 
 was received by the Mayor (W. H. Moss, Esq.), who escorted him 
 to a carriage in waiting for him ; and, in the midst of a loud recep- 
 tion, he drove off to the residence of Henry Blundell, Esq., whose 
 guest his lordship remained during his stay in Hull. 
 
 and Eipon as Lcrd High Steward of Hull ; the unveiling of the Queen's statue in the 
 People's Park by the Lord High Steward; and the previous launch of four large 
 vessels from the shipyard of Messrs. Martin Samuelson and Co., in the presence of 
 the noble Earl, of the Members of Parliament for the borough, of the learned Re- 
 corder, of the Mayor, and all the local civic dignitaries, and of the gentry of the town 
 and neighbourhood, are events so important, and so separately interesting, that the 
 embracing them within the compass of the performances of a single day is without a 
 precedent in the civic annals of this country. * * We are not forgetting that 
 the occasion was not a political one — we shall even have pleasure in remembering 
 that henceforth the noble Earl will stand to the whole of the inhabitants of this bo- 
 rough in a relation wholly removed out of the region of party politics; but still the 
 circumstances in his Lordship's case are so remarkable — so strikingly illustrative of 
 the influence of high character and great ability in modifying and changing the views 
 and opinions of large bodies of men, that it ought to offend no one to have a tem- 
 perate expression given to a feeling which pervaded the minds of all who took part in 
 the Inauguration rejoicings. Most sincerely do we trust that the great influence 
 which the Lord High Steward will be invited to exercise, and which his position as 
 a Peer and a Cabinet Minister will enable him without an effort to exercise in Hull 
 will be directed to promoting union and hearty co-operation among all parties and 
 among all denominations in this borough for the promotion of the general welfare, and 
 for the better development of our industrial, educational, and progressive resources."
 
 HISTOItY OF KINGSTON-TJPON-HULL. 343 
 
 On the following morning, at early dawn, the proceedings com- 
 menced with the launch of four fine vessels from the ship-yard of 
 Messrs. M. Samuelson and Co., in the presence of Earl de Grey, 
 the two borough M.P.'s (J. Clay and J. Somes, Esqrs.), the Re- 
 corder (S. Warren, Esq.), Sir H. Cooper, the Worshipful the Mayor 
 H. Blundell, Esq., J. P., the Mayoress, Lieut.-Col. Brooshooft, Capt. 
 Strange, of H.M.S. Cornwallis, Aldermen Bannister, Fountain, 
 and Abbey, several Town Councillors, Rev. J. Scott, B. M. Jalland, 
 W. E. Jalland, Ernest Clay, J. A. Wade, E. F. Collins, C. Earle, 
 F. Helmsing, C. Good, C. Bannister, R. Wallis, J. Oldham, T. 
 Earle, W. Brown, R. Gale, F. Sleddon, G. C. Roberts, J. Saxelbye, 
 Esqrs., and others. Besides these — the principal visitors who were 
 honoured with invitations by the Messrs. Samuelson & Co., and 
 who, immediately after the launch, partook of a champagne break- 
 fast on the premises — this unusual spectacle of a launch of four 
 ships from the same yard in one day, -was witnessed by thousands 
 of persons in the yard and on every other spot from whence a view 
 of the proceedings could be obtained.* At the breakfast Martin 
 Samuelson, Esq., presided, and the health of the firm, of which 
 that gentleman is the head, was proposed in most complimentary 
 terms by the Earl de Grey and Ripon. 
 
 At eleven o'clock the Freemasons of the town assembled at the 
 Humber Lodge, and there and then presented a congratulatory ad- 
 dress to the noble Earl, who is " Deputy Grand Master of England, 
 and Provincial Grand Master of the West Riding of Yorkshire of 
 Free and Accepted Masons." This address was designed and ex- 
 
 * The first vessel launched was christened, by Miss A. A. Croome, the Countess of 
 Ripon. She is a splendid ship, of above ] ,200 tons register, and is intended to be an 
 East Indiaman. The next in order was the Lightning, christened by Miss Bannister, 
 and to be fitted precisely like the former ship, for the same trade. The third vessel 
 that left the stocks was christened, by Miss Moss, the Earl de Grey and Papon. She 
 is a screw steamer, and will have engines of 90 horse power. Her tonnage, O.M., is 
 789. The last vessel launched was a tug, one of eight, built for a French company, 
 to trade between Eouen and Paris. She was christened by Bliss M. Samuelson the 
 Solferino. She has two screws, her engines are of fifty horse power, and her tonnage, 
 O.M., is 247 tons. All the vessels were launched by the new guillotine system, an 
 ingenious and simple process used in the Portsmouth and other dockyards. The 
 launches were perfect. The splendid vessels glided into their future element mag- 
 nificently and majestically, amidst the cheers of the assembled thousands.
 
 344 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 ecuted in a very elegant and artistic manner, and bound in an 
 album form, the outside colours being cerulean blue and gold. The 
 title page is illuminated, and in the address this high dignitary of 
 the masonic craft is congratulated on his presence as "Lord High 
 Steward of this our ancient borough," an office which for three 
 centuries " has been one of most honourable distinction, and has, 
 from its creation to the present time, been filled by the highest 
 dignitaries of Church and State, nobles who have gained renown 
 by their wisdom and patriotism, and whose names live in history." 
 After replying to the address, his lordship was presented with the 
 honorary membership of the Humber Lodge. A masonic procession 
 then escorted the noble Earl to Trinity House-lane — his lordship 
 having been invited to the Trinity House, for the purpose of being 
 admitted as an honorary brother of that ancient Guild or Corpo- 
 ration. This ceremony took place in the banquetting-room, in the 
 presence of the Mayor, the M.P.'s for the borough, the Town Clerk, 
 Sheriff, and many elder brethren and other gentlemen ; and after it 
 was performed, Mr. Warden Collinson presented his lordship with 
 the badge of the institution, which was enclosed in a handsome 
 silver box. The proceedings over, the company partook of luncheon 
 in the Council-room. 
 
 The Installation, the chief feature in the day's ceremonial, took 
 place in the Sessions Court, which had been suitably fitted up for 
 the occasion. The audience was a highly fashionable one, and 
 included all the principal inhabitants of the town and neighbour- 
 hood. Shortly after two o'clock the proceedings commenced. A 
 special meeting of the Town Council was convened for the occasion. 
 The Mayor presided, and the High Steward-elect took his seat on 
 the right of his worship amidst the enthusiastic applause of those 
 assembled. There were also present on the bench, J. Clay, Esq., 
 M.P., J. Somes, Esq., M.P., Lieut.-Col. Pease, H. Blundell, Esq., 
 J. P., several Aldermen and other gentlemen. The ceremony was 
 commenced by the Town Clerk (R. Wells, Esq.) reading the reso- 
 lution of the Council, recommending that an humble petition be 
 presented to her Majesty, praying that she would be graciously 
 pleased to appoint the Right Hon. the Earl de Grey and Ripon to 
 the office of High Steward. Then followed the reading of the
 
 HISTOKY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 345 
 
 humble petition of the Corporation to the Queen. This document 
 recited how, by the charter of 13th Charles II., his Majesty did 
 grant to the Corporation of this borough, and to their successors, 
 that they should have one noble and discreet man to be called the 
 High Steward of the town or borough ; and that " whensoever the 
 said office should be void, the Crown, at the humble petition of the 
 Mayor and the burgesses of the town or borough for the time beiug, 
 would assign, name, or constitute one other and discreet man of the 
 Privy Council to be High Steward of the said town or borough, and 
 that such nobleman should be High Steward of the said town or 
 borough during his natural life, except for any just cause from that 
 office he should by the Crown be removed." And, after referring to 
 the death of the late High Steward, her Majesty's humble "petiti- 
 oners, duly remembering the eminent services that George Frederick 
 Samuel, Earl de Grey, Earl of Ripon, Viscount Goderich, and Baron 
 Grantham, have rendered to his country, and being willing, as far as 
 in them lies, to testify the respect they entertain of the character 
 and abilities of that distinguished member of your Majesty's Privy 
 Council, they have, in Common Council assembled, unanimously 
 resolved to petition your Majesty. That your Majesty will be gra- 
 ciously pleased to assign, name, and constitute the said George 
 Frederick Samuel, Earl de Grey, Earl of Ripon, Viscount Goderich, 
 Baron Grantham, to be High Steward of the borough of Kingston- 
 upon-Hull, for and during the term of his natural life," &c. (See 
 p. 163.) 
 
 The Town Clerk having signified that this petition was presented 
 to the Queen, and that her Majesty had been graciously pleased to 
 appoint Earl de Grey and Papon to the vacant office; the Mayor, 
 addressing the noble Earl, asked whether he would accept the office 
 of High Steward. His lordship replied, "I am happy to do so." 
 The Town Clerk then administered the usual declarations, which 
 were subscribed by the Earl, and attested by the signatures of the 
 Mayor and Recorder. The Mayor then presented Earl de Grey 
 with the appointment of her Majesty to the office, and in the course 
 of an interesting address he recounted the names, dates, &c, of all 
 his lordship's predecessors in this office. His worship then ex- 
 pressed his gratitude to his lordship, on behalf of the Corporation, 
 
 2 T
 
 346 HISTORY OF K1NGST0N-UP0N-HULL. 
 
 for having accepted the appointment, and concluded thus : — " My 
 lord, we have viewed your career with gratification and with pleasure. 
 We look with pride to the fact that, comparatively young in years, 
 you hold a high position in the councils of the Sovereign ; and I hope 
 and trust you are destined at no distant date to take a still more 
 important part in the discharge of the public duties of this country. 
 All I can wish, and I utter I believe the sentiments of every person, 
 that you may long be spared to the honourable career of progress 
 before you, and that you may long remain the High Steward of 
 Hull." 
 
 The noble High Steward, having shook hands with and received 
 the congratulations of the Mayor, Recorder, and other gentlemen, 
 then addressed the assembly, expressing the pride he felt at his new 
 position, because it afforded him the means of entering into a close 
 and permanent connexion with the ancient and important borough ; 
 because it brought him once again to see many well known faces 
 and old friends; and because it connected his name with the great 
 port of that great county to which he was so proud to belong. The 
 noble Earl thus concluded his speech : — " Having become a member 
 of this Corporation, and an officer of this ancient borough, it will be 
 my duty, as it will be my desire, to do my best to promote in any 
 way in my power the interests of your town ; to consult with you as 
 far as I am able to do so ; and always to remember that I have entered 
 this day into that close and permanent connexion with you, which 
 will make it my duty to guard your interests as I should guard my 
 own. I assure you I am looking at this appointment in that light. 
 I cannot regard it as one of a trivial nature, or of small impor- 
 tance. I estimate it highly, because I accept it as a proof of the 
 confidence of your Corporation, as representatives of this town, and 
 of the approval you are inclined to express upon my public career. 
 It will be my constant endeavour to maintain that confidence, and 
 to continue to deserve that approval ; and I shall always reckon it 
 as among one of the days of my life of which I may be most proud 
 — having been unanimously elected by your Corporation, and, as I 
 venture to think, by what I have seen, the general approval of this 
 borough. I solemnly and earnestly enter and take upon myself the 
 duties of this office."
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 847 
 
 The Mayor then handed to his lordship a beautifully illuminated 
 "Memorial of the Office of High Steward of Hull," compiled and 
 presented by George Christopher Roberts, Esq., T.C. and Under 
 Sheriff, on his lordship's acceptance of the office. This memorial, 
 or roll, is a beautiful specimen of caligraphy, and consists of notes 
 of the principal incidents of the public life of each High Steward. 
 It is well compiled, and is a most interesting document. 
 
 Afterwards, this Mr. G. 0. Roberts rose and expressed the grati- 
 fication he felt, that the motion which he proposed in the Council 
 Chamber, on the 6th of last August, and which led to the appoint- 
 ment of Earl de Grey to the office of High Steward, had received 
 such a confirmation as they had just witnessed; and as this day 
 would certainly live in the annals of Hull, he proposed " that the 
 petition of this Council, nominating Earl de Grey and Ripon as 
 High Steward; her Majesty's warrant appointing him; and his 
 lordship's acceptance of such office, be recorded by the Town Clerk 
 on the minutes of this Corporation." Mr. Alderman Samuelson 
 seconded the resolution, and on behalf of the Council, and also on 
 behalf of the town generally, expressed what he believed to be the 
 general sentiments of the inhabitants of Hull, that we have had very 
 great honour conferred upon us by Earl de Grey and Ripon con- 
 senting to accept this office. The resolution was carried amidst 
 immense cheering; and thus terminated the installation. 
 
 At the conclusion of the ceremonial in the Sessions House, the 
 authorities engaged in it assembled in front of the new Town Hall, 
 and a procession was formed which proceeded through Low-gate, 
 Silver-street, Whitefriar-gate, Saville-street, Bond-street, Albion- 
 street, Prospect-street, and Beverley-road, to the People's Park, to 
 celebrate the inauguration of the statue of the Queen, which had 
 been munificently presented to the town by the Mayor, W. H. 
 Moss, Esq. 
 
 In the beginning of the year 1860, an arrangement was made to 
 have a statue of her Majesty placed in the park, commemorative of 
 the royal visit to Hull in 1854 (See p. 180). Mr. Thomas Earle, 
 the eminent sculptor, received the commission, and the Royal Lady 
 it was designed to represent, was graciously pleased to honour him 
 with sittings. A model was prepared and submitted to the Queen
 
 348 HISTORY OF KINGST0N-UPON-HULL. 
 
 and the late Prince Consort for approval ; and finally it was com- 
 pleted to their entire satisfaction. In the meantime a nohle block 
 of marble was procured from the mountains of Carrara, weighing 
 twelve tons, and free from a flaw. The late Prince Consort, who 
 understood the use of the chisel, frequently worked at the statue, 
 and assisted in finishing it a few weeks before his lamented death, 
 which occurred in 1861 (See p. 201). Both the Queen and her 
 royal husband expressed their warm approval of the work, both 
 personally and by message to the distinguished sculptor. The 
 statue was exhibited at the International Exhibition of 1862, and 
 elicited the commendation of the most experienced connoisseurs. 
 In March, 1862, Mr. Z. C. Pearson, then Mayor of Hull, made it 
 known that he intended to do himself the honour of presenting this 
 statue to the town, to be placed in the park which he had previously 
 given to the townspeople; and he requested the Park Committee to 
 prepare a suitable pedestal for its reception at an early day ; but 
 before any definite action in the matter w T as taken, Mr. Pearson was 
 declared bankrupt, and the statue remained in London in the studio 
 of Mr. Earle. Mr. Pearson having paid the sum of £100. to the 
 sculptor (his bankruptcy preventing his paying the remainder of the 
 price agreed upon), the statue fell into the hands of his official as- 
 signees. But when the bankrupt's affairs assumed a certain shape, 
 Mr. Moss made such arrangements with the sculptor and with Mr. 
 Pearson's trustees, as enabled him, in May last, to give notice to 
 the Park Committee of his intention of presenting the statue to the 
 town, to be placed in the park, as originally arranged. " This was 
 one of those public services (wrote Mr. Collins, in the Hull Ad- 
 vertiser of that period) which, when delicately and becomingly per- 
 formed, as in the present instance, save the credit of a community 
 circumstanced as Hull has been, with respect to this statue ; and 
 much as we have read and heard of popular ingratitude, it would be 
 difficult to make us believe that the loyal and intelligent inhabitants 
 of Hull ever will forget the Mayor's well-timed deliverance of the 
 Corporation and the whole town from a difficulty, the more em- 
 barrassing because it admitted of neither public explanation nor 
 discussion." A few months later this noble piece of sculpture was 
 removed to Hull, and set upon the pedestal erected for it. And now
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 349 
 
 we proceed to notice the ceremony of inaugurating or unveiling it. 
 
 The procession was somewhat similar to that which paraded the 
 town on the marriage day of the Prince of Wales (See p. 210), ex- 
 cept that it did not include the freemasons, or the marines and 
 sailors of the Cornwallis ; aud the weather being unfavourable, most 
 of the principal personages rode in carriages. Towards the end of 
 the procession was an ornamental car or platform, drawn by four 
 grey horses. On this was placed a light and elegant temple, within 
 which was a well arranged and elegantly " got up " allegorical repre- 
 sentation of the four continents — Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, 
 with Peace and Plenty as a centre group. This novel spectacle was 
 the production, and the contribution to the pageant, of the lessees 
 (Mrs. Wolfendeu and Mr. Melbourne) of the Queen's Theatre. 
 
 Along the line of the procession the streets were crowded with 
 thousands of spectators (business being entirely suspended after one 
 o'clock) ; the windows of every house that commanded a view of it 
 were well filled ; and the streets were gaily decorated with flags ; 
 and at many points where the noble High Steward was recognised, 
 he was greeted with hearty cheers. On the arrival of the cortege at 
 the park, his lordship, accompanied by the Mayor, Recorder, and 
 Town Clerk, was received at the gates by the Chairman of the Park 
 Committee (Mr. Alderman Ellison), the sculptor (Mr. Earle), and 
 other officials. The procession then entered the park, and all par- 
 ties took their assigned places within an enclosed space, some dis- 
 tance in front of the royal statue. His lordship occupied a chair of 
 state, on a platform, over which was a canvas tent open in front. 
 Our public spirited Chief Magistrate then formally gave the statue 
 of her most gracious Majesty to the Chairman of the Park Com- 
 mittee, as a gift to the town, by means of which the recollection of 
 her Majesty's visit to Hull in 1854 would be perpetuated. " The 
 park (said his worship) had been designed for the recreation of the 
 people, and it was therefore most fitted for the reception of the 
 statue, and he had much pleasure in presenting it as an ornament 
 to the park." Alderman Ellison accepted this beautiful memento 
 of a royal visit, on behalf of the people of Hull, and expressed his 
 gratitude to the munificent donor, in suitable terms. His worship 
 having requested the noble Earl to direct that the statue should be
 
 350 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON'-HULL. 
 
 unveiled, his lordship made a beautiful and affecting speech, in 
 which he expressed the great pleasure it afforded him to perform 
 this, the first duty he was asked to undertake since his installation 
 in the office of High Steward of this borough ; and feelingly alluded 
 to her Majesty's recent sorrows. 
 
 At a signal from the Earl, by means of a bugler, the uncovering 
 of the statue was immediately accomplished amidst the repeated 
 and enthusiastic cheers of thousauds of spectators — the military 
 bands at the same time playing the national anthem. A royal 
 salute of 21 guns was then fired from a battery, by the Volunteer 
 Artillery corps ; followed by a. feu de joie by the Rifle corps. A re- 
 formed procession next proceeded to the statue and inspected it, and 
 the noble Earl congratulated the gifted sculptor on the talent and 
 skill displayed by him in its execution. The procession dispersed 
 at the park gates, and his lordship drove off in his carriage, with 
 the Mayor, Recorder, and Town Clerk, amidst the hearty applause 
 of the multitude. 
 
 The royal statue is a beautiful work of art which it is a great 
 distinction to possess, and it is one of the finest figures of the 
 Queen in the country. The effigy is seated in a chair of Greek 
 form, and vested in a robe of state. The likeness is perfect. The 
 countenance is beaming with intellectual expression. The coronet 
 is finely worked, and the robe of state is ornamented round the 
 border with beautifully executed oak leaves, and disposed in grace- 
 fully flowing folds. The feet of the statue rest on a footstool, or- 
 namented with lions' paws and heads, and the waves of the sea. 
 From the bottom line of the dais to the top of the head of the statue, 
 measures eight feet ; and from the ground to the top of the figure, 
 measures fourteen feet. The pedestal is a very ornamental one. It 
 is from the designs of Palladio, and is worked in Sicilian marble. 
 The foundation on which it rests is of concrete and stone. This 
 rises to the surface of the ground, above which is a Scotch granite 
 plinth. Immediately above this commences the base, composed of 
 grey Aberdeen granite. The sub-base and caps are enriched with 
 wraffied stone. The die exhibits four panels, the front one con- 
 taining a plain shield, on which is inscribed — " This Statue of 
 Her Majesty Queen Victoria, Designed to commemorate her visit
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 351 
 
 to Hull on the 13th of October, 1854, was presented to the people of 
 this town by William Henby Moss, 1863." Two of the panels 
 contain the royal arms, and the other panel has the arms of Hull 
 — all beautifully carved.* 
 
 The proceedings of the inauguration day terminated with a grand 
 banquet at the Public Kooms. The Mayor occupied the chair, 
 supported by Earl de Grey and Lord Hotham ; and the vice-chairs 
 were filled by Aldermen Bannister and Samuelson, and Mr. G. C. 
 Eoberts. Amongst those at the head table were the parliamentary 
 representatives of the borough, the Recorder, the Judge of the 
 County Court (W. Raines, Esq.), the Sheriff, the Lieut. -Colonels of 
 the Artillery and Rifle Corps, the Rev. John Scott, Captain Strange, 
 R.N., Ernest Clay, B. M. Jalland, W. E. Jalland, Henry Blundell, 
 and C. Good, Esqrs. The speeches were excellent. f 
 
 A desire having been expressed on the part of several of the 
 friends of the noble Earl, to possess his portrait, as he appeared on 
 the installation day, he, in the kindest manner, condescendingly sat 
 
 * In November (1863) the Park Committee presented to Mr. Moss, in a permanent 
 form, the vote of thanks which they had passed when he made to the town his gen- 
 erous gift of the statue of the Queen, with the particulars connected with it. This 
 address, which really assumed the form of a testimonial, is beautifully illuminated, 
 and enclosed in an elegant gilt frame surmounted by the royal arms, with the arms 
 of Hull at the bottom, and bearing on one side the cornucopia, or horn of plenty, 
 and on the other an anchor and trident. 
 
 In appreciation of the valuable services which Mr. Moss had rendered to the town, 
 and his liberality in presenting it with the beautiful statue of the Queen, a requi- 
 sition was presented to him from his " colleagues in the Town Council, and others 
 connected with the public institutions of the town," inviting him to a public dinner, 
 " on such early day as may be convenient to him," The kind invitation was ac- 
 cepted, and the banquet took place at the Vittoria Hotel, on the evening of the 3rd of 
 December (1863). The Mayor (J. Lumsden, Esq.) took the chair, and a large and 
 influential party, of all shades of politics, assembled. The most remarkable feature 
 in the entertainment was a most humorous song, written and sung (to the air of the 
 " Fine Old English Gentleman ") by the ex-Town Clerk, T. Thompson, Esq. In that 
 description of rhyme, for which the gifted author is, at least, locally famous, Mr. 
 Thompson humourously adverted to the principal incidents in the mayoralty of the 
 honoured guest of the evening. A public dinner given to Mr. Moss at the close of a 
 former year of office, is noticed at page 225. 
 
 + A full and excellent account of the Installation proceedings, prepared solely by 
 Mr. Peter B. Loughran, sub-editor of the Hull Jdreriiser, and subsequently copied 
 from that journal of Oct. 31st, has been published in a quarto form. It includes 
 Mr. G. C. Pioberts's interesting " Memorial of former High Stewards." Copies of 
 this publication were presented to the Queen, Prince of Wales, &c.
 
 352 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 (after the launch) at Brunswick House, for Mr. Henry Piper, photo- 
 graphic artist, Hull. The likeness is excellent. 
 
 The arrangements of the Chief Constable (Mr. Mac Manus), for 
 the preservation of order, were excellent, during the whole of the 
 festivities ; and all passed off merrily and happily. The noble 
 High Steward left Hull for London on the following day.* 
 
 ANCIENT EELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS.— Burton, in his 
 Monasticon Eboracense (p. 347), states that within 150 years after 
 the Norman Conquest, or before the 1st of Henry III., there were 
 founded and refouuded in England, 476 Abbeys and Priories, be- 
 sides 80 Alien Priories. Of these, 14 Abbeys, 44 Priories, 7 Alien 
 Priories, and 13 Cells ; 3 Preceptories ; and 3 Commanderies were 
 in the County of York. After that time, says Burton, there were 
 many Chantries, Hospitals, and Colleges, as well as 28 Friaries 
 founded, but no houses for nuns, monks, or canons. 
 
 Carmelite, or White Friary. — -Tickell tells us that King Ed- 
 ward I. had no sooner laid the foundation of Kiugston-upon-Hull, 
 than, " in order to draw down a blessing upon himself and it, and 
 out of gratitude to God for all the favours bestowed upon him," he 
 founded a monastic institution here for Carmelite Friars, who, from 
 the colour of their habit were called White Friars. The same his- 
 torian states that this institution was " greatly improved and en- 
 
 * History furnishes but very meagre reports of the ceremony observed at previous 
 installations. In 1682 the Earl of Plymouth, the newly made High Steward and 
 Governor of the town (the office of High Steward has frequently been held in con- 
 junction with that of Governor) came to Hull in great state, and was entertained by 
 the Corporation. He took the oaths at the Town Hall, and was presented with the 
 freedom of the borough (See p. 139 ) This was, doubtless, an Installation of the 
 High Steward, though the historians do not use that word in connexion with it. The 
 Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull was appointed High Steward on the 13th of June, 1689, 
 and on the 27th of the same month he visited Hull to take upon himself the office, 
 and was entertained by the Corporation. The visits of the High Stewards to the 
 town are also recorded, but the records are defective in matters relating to the office. 
 It was not an unusual circumstance in former times for noblemen in high positions 
 in the State to solicit the office of High Steward from the Corporation. In 1583 that 
 eminent Statesman, Sir Francis Walsingham, solicited the appointment. In 1612 
 Thomas, Lord Ellesmere, wrote to the Corporation that he " would be glad to serve 
 them in the honourable office of High Steward." Archbishop Abbot solicited the 
 office in 1626; Thomas, Lord Coventry, in 1633; and Francis Godolphin, fifth Duke 
 of Leeds, in 1786. Each of these distinguished personages had the office conferred 
 on them.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 353 
 
 larged by that devout knight, Sir Robert Oughtred; and still more 
 so by Sir Richard de la Pole." According to Leland, the Percy's 
 were the founders of our White Friary. Mr. Frost states that 
 the establishment was founded by Robert de Scardeburgh (Scar- 
 borough) Dean of York, in 1289 (17 Edw. I.), in which year he as- 
 signed to the Carmelite Brethren or White Friars, a messuage be- 
 longing to him in Wyk-upon-Hull, for their perpetual habitation ;" 
 but that, as a preliminary to making this alienation, an inquisition 
 was taken at Middleton, under a writ of ad quod damnum, in which 
 the jury found that this grant, " intended to be made to the brethren 
 of the order of the Blessed Virgin of Mount Carmel," would be to 
 the prejudice of the Abbot and Convent of Meaux. It is probable 
 that the Carmelite Friars were introduced here by Dean Scarde- 
 burgh, and that King Edward improved their circumstances, by 
 building and endowing a fitting house for them. Frost, on the 
 authority of Rymer's Foedera, states that in 1307 the King requested 
 the Pope's permission for the Prior and Brethren to transfer their 
 establishment to the new site which he had allotted for them ; sta- 
 ting that the place which they then inhabited in Kingston-upon- 
 Hull, was insufficient for the accommodation of the multitudes of 
 persons who flocked thither to Divine service. In the reign of 
 Edward III. the establishment was enlarged, to which Sir Richard 
 de la Pole and Sir Robert Oughtred largely contributed. In 1535 
 this institution was suppressed, with the lesser monasteries (See p. 
 67), and Henry VIII. granted to John Heneage the house and 
 site, and all houses, buildings, orchards, and gardens belonging to 
 it, together with the yearly rent of £12., issuing out of the mes- 
 suage called Trinity House. In the same year Heneage sold the 
 property to John Thurcross, Esq. The site, with the houses and 
 land belonging to it, became the property, in later times, of Mr. 
 Alderman Ferres, who, in 1621, granted the same to the Trinity 
 House at Hull. The property extended along the south side of 
 Whitefriar-gate, from Trinity House-lane on the east to the Bev- 
 erley Gate and the wall of the town on the west — the site now 
 occupied by the Trinity House, and the houses on the south side 
 of Whitefriar-gate. Some stone coffins have been dug up here ; 
 and in 1830, when the foundations of Messrs. Smith and Co's. 
 
 2 z
 
 354 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 banking house and the houses on either side of it were being cleared, 
 a quantity of human remains were dug up, and with the permission 
 of the Rev. John Smith, the then priest of the Catholic Church in 
 Jarratt-street, were removed to one of the vaults beneath that edifice. 
 A few years later further remains of human bodies were discovered 
 in the yard of the Trinity House, It was noticed that the teeth 
 in all the sculls dug up here were remarkably perfect. 
 
 Black Friary. — Sir Galfrid de Hotham, a devout Knight, for 
 the greater honour and glory of God, the good of his own soul, and 
 the benefit of the poor, founded and built an establishment in Hull, 
 about the year 1314, for friars or hermits of the order of St. Augus- 
 tiue. The brethren of this order were usually called Black Friars, 
 from the colour of their habit. Their Hull friary flourished in great 
 magnificence till the general suppression, when it was almost pulled 
 down and the materials sold. The building, which was situated on 
 the north side of the street to which it has left its name, Blackfriar- 
 gate, partly on the site now occupied by the butchers' shambles, was 
 remarkably lofty, large, and spacious. It included a church and 
 cemetery, and was ornamented with fine courts, curious gardens, 
 and delightful fountains. The back part extended as far as the 
 old Town Hall, which stood at the south-east corner of the Market- 
 place, near the northern entrance to the shambles. 
 
 Leonard Beckwith, in his Survey of the estates belonging to Sir 
 William Sidney, in 1539, mentions the Convents of the Black and 
 White Friars thus: — "Also there is two howses of Freers wythin 
 the sayd towne of Kyngeston upon Hull, the oon called the Whight 
 Freers, and thother the Austyne Freers, and the Chauncell of the 
 Chorches of the said Freers, wyth parte of the Cloysters, be covered 
 wyth lead." 
 
 Tickell tells us in the body of History of Hull (published in 1796) 
 that there was remaining of this monastery, near the old Guild 
 Hall, a square tower, with Gothic windows, six stories high, and a 
 long range of buildings running north and south, which was then 
 converted into a public house, known as the Tiger Inn ; but in the 
 Addenda to the same work, he says " the square tower, with what- 
 ever else remained of this ancient' and once stately fabric, has been 
 lately taken down ; so that now there remains not the least vestige
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 355 
 
 of such an edifice." Mr. Frost, whose work on Hull was published 
 in 1827, says that a " a part of the tower and other remains " of the 
 Black Friary " were standing within the recollection of many persons 
 now living." Hadley, writing about 1788, states that about 25 years 
 previous, six bushels of human bones were dug up on the site of 
 ^he Church of the Black Friars. 
 
 Carthusi\n Priory of St. Michael. — The foundation of this 
 Monastery was laid about the year 1350, by Sir William de la Pole, 
 lord of Wingfield, on the site of a small religious house, from which 
 the inmates had been removed, on account of their dissensions. 
 Before the structure was half completed, Sir William de la Pole 
 died (in 1366), and left the finishing of it to his son Sir Michael 
 who, in 1378, completed the pious work. According to the charter 
 which was granted in the following year (51st Edward III.), the 
 original intention of Sir William de la Pole was to found an hospital 
 where the priory afterwards stood, but subsequently changing his 
 design, he determined to establish instead of it a house for minoress 
 nuns of the order of St. Clare. His death interrupted the execution 
 of his project ; but just before his dissolution he enjoined his son Sir 
 Michael to dispose of the building for such religious purpose as 
 might to him seem best. Accordingly Sir Michael appropriated 
 the edifice, under the name of the Priory of St. Michael, to a Prior 
 and twelve monks of the Carthusian order ; and endowed it with 
 the manor of Sculcoates and other estates, in addition to those which 
 had already been given for its maintenance by the original founder. 
 In 1384, the year before Sir Michael de la Pole was made Lord 
 Chancellor and Earl of Suffolk, he founded and endowed an Hospital, 
 with a Chapel adjoining it, for thirteen poor men, and as many poor 
 women. This hospital, which stood a little to the east of the Priory, 
 still exists under the name of the Charter House Hospital, and the 
 particulars of it will be found at a subsequent page. 
 
 The Priory flourished in riches and prosperity for several ages. 
 The buildings were stately and magnificent, with extensive gar- 
 dens: the Chapel was elegantly adorned with splendid altars and 
 pictures : and several chantries were founded in it by the neigh- 
 bouring nobility and merchants. At the dissolution of the lesser 
 monasteries, the monks were turned out in the utmost distress,
 
 356 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 and their possessions seized on to the King's use. These were 
 valued, according to Dugdale, at £174. 18s. 3d. per ann., and to 
 Speed at £231. 17s. 4d. The rising in the north obliged the King 
 to restore thirty-one religious houses, among which number was the 
 Carthusian Priory at Hull, to which the scattered monks returned; 
 hut in 1538 it was finally suppressed, and rased to the very founda- 
 tion. The site was granted to the Duke of Northumberland ; and in 
 the 6th of Edward VI., to Edward, Lord Clinton. The seal of this 
 Priory, an engraving of which is given in Frost's Notices, is of an oval 
 form, exhibiting an enriched niche, in which is a figure of St. 
 Michael triumphing over the dragon ; and beneath is the shield 
 of arms of the founder, he legend is S. coe. domus. sci. Michis. 
 ord. Carthus. Juxta. Kingston sup. Hull. (The seal of the Com- 
 munity of the House of St. Michael, of the Order of Carthusians, 
 near Kingston-upou-Hull). 
 
 A College of Prebendaries, which was founded in the Church of 
 the Holy Trinity, by Walter Skirlaw, Bishop of Durham, was dis- 
 solved at the Preformation. 
 
 Suppressed Hospitals. — Amongst the hospitals in Hull whose 
 foundations were seized at the Reformation, four of them were re- 
 founded in the succeeding reign, in consequence of the clamours of 
 the people, as we have shewn at page 77 of this volume; and 
 of the hospitals that were suppressed were the following : — 
 
 Adriansons Hospitals, founded, built, and endowed, for four poor 
 old men, about the year 1500, by a gentleman of that name. There 
 was a small Chapel or oratory, and a garden attached to it, and the 
 founder ordered his executors for ever to give to the poor inmates a 
 certain quantity of coals, &c, annually, and " that the mass of 
 Jesus should be said to them every Friday throughout the year." 
 The site of the hospital is not known. 
 
 Aldwiclis Hospital. — Little of the particulars of this hospital is 
 known, except that its revenues were pretty considerable. The 
 founder also endowed a Chantry in the Church of St. Mary, with 
 £4. 13s. 4d. per annum, and a perpetual obit of 6s. 8d., to pray for 
 his soul. 
 
 Bedford's Hospital, founded and amply endowed by a Mr. Bedford, 
 of whom nothing is known, save that he founded a Chantry in the
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 357 
 
 Church of the Holy Trinity, for a priest to sing mass for ever for 
 his soul. The hospital afforded relief to a number of indigent people. 
 
 Eiplingham's Hospital. — In the early part of the reign of Henry 
 VIII. the Rev. John Riplingham, D.D., President of Beverley 
 College, founded an hospital in Vicar-lane, for the support of twenty 
 poor people. He also founded a Chantry in Trinity Church, wherein 
 two priests were daily to pray for his soul, his parents' souls, and 
 the souls of all Christians departed ; and he endowed the Chantry 
 and hospital with the rents of several lands and tenements. The 
 hospital was suppressed, and again restored at the period of the 
 Reformation, and was standing at the beginning of the reign of 
 Charles I. ; but in the civil war that followed it was converted to 
 other uses. 
 
 Jeffnvjs House was the name given to a small hospital or alms- 
 house which is supposed to have stood in Holy Trinity Church- 
 yard. The restored hospitals are noticed at subsequent pages. 
 
 Guilds. — There were several religious guilds in Hull before the 
 Reformation, but how many is uncertain. They were suppressed 
 by virtue of an Act, which stated that their revenues should be 
 applied to the augmentation of small vicarages, schools, &c. ; but 
 they were only appropriated so in part. According to a MS. quoted 
 by Tickell, the Commissioners that were empowered to carry out 
 the provisions of the Act, were such rogues that they often made 
 false returns ; and where they found a rich guild they made no 
 return at all, but seized it immediately for their own use. The 
 names of the suppressed Guilds in Hull, which are recorded, are 
 St. Barbaras Guild, the hall of which stood in Salthouse-lane, with 
 a large Chapel belonging to it immediately adjoining it ; the Guild 
 of Corpus Christi, which possessed a very handsome spacious buil- 
 ding in Monk-gate, and had ten tenements belonging to it; St. 
 Clares Guild, of which nothing but its name is recorded ; and the 
 Guild of St. John the Baptist. The house belonging to the latter 
 fraternity stood near St. Mary's Church, and came into the hands 
 of Henry Thurcross, Esq., who gave it to the Company of Merchant 
 Tailors, and, on their making some alterations in it, they called it 
 Merchant Tailors' Hall. The remains of the building were re- 
 moved during the year 1863.
 
 358 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 (Skdearastical (Bbttfces. 
 
 Holy Trinity Church. — The earliest notice of a place of re- 
 ligious worship in this town is that already mentioned at page 18, 
 in which we find the monks of Melsa were compelled to rebuild a 
 Chapel here, which they had destroyed before the year 1204.* We 
 have met with no account of the subsequent establishment, or ex- 
 istence of any Church or Chapel in this place until 1285, when, 
 
 * In a collection of antiquities wliieh the late Dr. Alderson, of Hull, possessed, 
 was a " Lavacrum or Piscina," which was said to have heen dug up on the site of the 
 ancient Chapel of Myton. As seen by our quotation from Frost's " Notices," at page 
 17 of this volume, there is no certainiy of the exact site of the town of Myton. Mr. 
 Frost, who thinks it probable that the difficulty of fixing the locality of the ancient 
 town " may arise from the circumstance of its having consisted of houses built at 
 a distance from each other, and covering a considerable tract of land;" states (on the 
 authority of a respectable eye witness to the disinterment of the bodies) that about 
 the year 1787, when " a paddock in Myton, belonging to Mr. Henry Casson, bounded 
 by Love-lane on the east and the road communicating with Patrick Ground-lane on 
 the nerth," was opened out for the purpose of making bricks; at a little distance 
 below the surface of the earth in different parts of the close, about 70 skeletons were 
 found. This paddock, he seems to think, was the burying- ground of the Chapel of 
 Myton. The site of this ancient cemetery is now covered by the houses in the im- 
 mediate neighbourhood of Lister-street — probably between that street and Wakefield- 
 street (See p. 330.) On the other hand, the learned Steward of the Manor of Myton 
 and Ex-Town Clerk of Hull (T. Thompson, Esq.), in a communication on this subject 
 with which he has favoured us, states that he has " reasons for believing that the Chapel 
 in Myton, destroyed by the Monks of Melsa, stood upon a part of the present Holy 
 Trinity Church. Sayer's Creek (he says) was originally, prior to Edw. I., a mere drain 
 for lands in Sutton, and before that King constituted Kyngeston-upon-Hull a distinct 
 manor, I apprehend all the lands east of Sayer's Creek and south of Sculcoates were 
 parcel of the Manor of Myton ; and so it came to pass that the Charter House was 
 built by De la Pole within his Manor of Myton, although now apparently at some 
 distance from the rest of the manor as it at present exists, and I have no doubt that 
 all such parts of the site of Kyngeston, as were in the parish of Hessle, were (prior 
 to Kyngeston being made a separate manor) parcel of the Manor of Myton. And 
 that would bring the site of the Holy Trinity to be in Myton." Mr. Thompson does 
 " not think it so clear that the parts of Hull, now called the Parish of St. Mary (but 
 really only the Township of St. Mary in the Parish of Ferriby), were parcel of Myton 
 Manor;" but (he adds) "they probably also were since they too became part of the 
 Manor of Kyngeston-upon-Hull." We are however ourselves of opinion that the ori- 
 ginal Chapel of Myton would stund in the immediate vicinity of the Grange or Manor 
 House, in accordance with the usage of early times (See p. 329). 
 
 With regard to the ancient relic of Myton Chapel above mentioned, the present Vicar 
 of Hull states that it was found on digging the foundation of a house in ^Yaterhouse- 
 lane, a door or two on the north of Myton-street, in 1820 or 1829.
 
 HISTORY OF KJNGSTON-UPON-HULL. 359 
 
 according to a MS. in the Warburton Collection in the British 
 Museum, the "High Church, dedicated to the Holy Trinitie, was 
 at first founded as a Chappell, by one James Helward," the mother 
 Church, as the author of the MS. states, being Hessle.* The 
 historians of Hull (Gent, Hadley, and Tickell) state that the building 
 of this Church was not commenced until 1312, but in disproof of 
 the correctness of these authors, we have the positive evidence of 
 the pastoral letter of Archbishop Corbridge, of the 18th March, 
 1301, addressed to the Prior of Gisburne (Guisborough), patron of 
 the mother Church of Hessle, for the dedication of a cemetery to 
 the Chapel of the town of Kingestone (ad Capellum ejusdem ville 
 de Kyngestone infra limites parochie predicte, id fertur construction J, 
 to show that there was a Chapel then standing, though without any 
 burying ground attached to it.f This burying ground is described 
 in the will of John Schayl, in 1303, as the cemetery of Holy Trinity 
 of Kingston-upon-Hull. William Chambers, Esq., M.D., in his 
 MS. work, "Annals of Hull from the earliest times to 1766," com- 
 piled from the Records of the Corporation; says that "the High 
 Church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, appears to be built about 
 Anno 1280." 
 
 In 1320, the Churchyard being too small for the town, the in- 
 habitants petitioned King Edward II. to grant them a certain piece 
 of ground, called Le Hailles, lying at the west end thereof, which 
 he accordingly did. In 1522 this Church was put under an inter- 
 dict ; the doors and windows were closed up with thorns and briars, 
 the pavement torn up, and the bells deprived of their tongues. No 
 worship was performed in it; every person who presumed to enter 
 the building was declared to be accursed ; and even the dead were 
 not suffered to be buried. There is no reason on record for this 
 severe sentence. In 1537 the building was in a ruinous state, aud 
 the Corporation having sold their plate, as we have seen at page 74, 
 applied part of the purchase money to its reparation. About the 
 same time an Act of Parliament was passed for the suppression of 
 
 * The family of Helward, or Helleward (afterwards Heyward) was of considerable 
 importance in Hull, at a very early period. 
 
 + In Reg. Arch. Corbridge int. Archiv. Arch. Ebor.
 
 360 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 all the Chantries, Colleges, Free Chapels, and Guilds, in the king- 
 dom ; and of that class of religious institutions about forty fell into 
 the hands of the King in this town. Amongst them, according to 
 Tickell, were the two Chapels of the Holy Trinity and St. Mary, 
 for both came under the denomination of Free Chapels, having been 
 founded, or partly, if not entirely supported by means of endow- 
 ments, granted for offering daily prayer for the repose of the souls 
 of the donors. The same authority tells us that the people of Hull 
 murmured loudly about the proceedings of the first parliament of 
 Edward VI. in regard to the lands, &c, for the maintenance of 
 Chantries, Free Chapels, &c. ; that they complained " that the 
 Church was ruined, the clergy beggared, all learning despised, and 
 the people began to grow barbarous, atheistical, and rude;" and 
 that in consequence the King refounded the two Chapels, at the 
 same time he restored the four suppressed hospitals. But it is pro- 
 bable that the Chapels of Holy Trinity and St. Mary were not sup- 
 pressed altogether, so as to have their doors closed and Divine 
 service entirely suspended ; for we have not found it so recorded 
 anywhere. Henry, we should think, would content himself with 
 suppressing and seizing upon the revenues of the various chantries 
 connected with the two Chapels, as well as of the College of Pre- 
 bendaries which was founded in Trinity Chapel. It is stated that 
 Edward VI. (in 1552) made some attempt to restore the revenues 
 of Trinity Chapel, but that a great part of them were lost, and 
 could never afterwards be recovered. 
 
 In 1599 a Bench order was made that every Alderman should 
 take an account of all vagabonds, idle persons, sharpers, beggars, 
 and such like, in his proper ward, and punish them severely: they 
 were likewise to take cognizance of all persons, in the several wards, 
 who, without just cause, absented themselves from Divine service on 
 Sundays, and to punish the guilty. In 1634 Alderman George 
 Crowle was Churchwarden, and presented the Church with some 
 valuable plate. His wife, Eleanor, likewise gave plate to the 
 Church, and many gifts for the improvement of the library. Both 
 of these benefactors lie buried in this Church, in the nave, opposite 
 the Corporation pew. 
 
 During the distractions of the various sects which divided the
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-TJPQN-HTJLL. 301 
 
 nation under the Commonwealth, the Council of state granted the 
 chancel of Trinity Church to the soldiers, who selected for their 
 preacher a Mr. Can, an Independent from Amsterdam. The arches 
 between the body of the edifice and the chancel were walled up, so 
 that this congregation and that of the townspeople, who assembled 
 in the west end of the building, might not disturb each other in 
 their devotions. The Independents filled the chancel with benches, 
 pulled up most of the brasses from the gravestones, defaced the 
 monuments and inscriptions, and made entrances by two doors 
 through two old chantries, the one on the north and the other on 
 the south side; and thus did the Church continue divided between 
 the Presbyterians and Independents until the restoration of the 
 monarchy.* 
 
 About the year 1598 the Church was re-pewed. " When however 
 (writes Tickell) the parishioners came to take possession of their 
 seats again, the men quietly submitted to the places allotted them : 
 but it was not so with the fair sex ; for there arose such heats 
 amongst the Aldermen and others about precedence, that complaint 
 was made against them to the High Commissioners for Causes 
 Ecclesiastical," who granted a Commission to the Mayor and others 
 to allay "the several disorders" which "happened among several 
 gentlewomen" of the town "about their places in the Church or 
 Chapel of the Holy Trinity," by forcing the rebellious ladies to 
 accept the places assigned them — the Mayoress for the time being 
 to have " the first and most honourable place " allotted to her.f 
 
 • "Perhaps there are few countries in Europe that were 'once upon a]time' richer 
 in works of art than Old England. No country possessed, at one time, finer plate, 
 jewels, tapestries, embroideries, carved work, &c, than England. Where are they 
 now? The Reformation must be the echo that answers, 'Where'? To it, and to the 
 Revolution that succeeded, making a period of about one hundred and twenty-nine 
 years, must, it is feared be attributed the destruction, sale, and breaking up of those 
 glorious specimens of gold and silver work, so rich in chasing, or with inlaying of 
 jewels, the production of the cunningest artisans of that or any other time. We have 
 only to peruse the inventories of the valuables given in and surrendered at the dis- 
 solution of the religious houses at the Reformation ; and the still more wanton des- 
 truction of what remained during the civil wars, to become acquainted with the vast 
 quantity of costly and magnificent articles now lost to us for ever." — Extract from 
 The Builder newspaper of August 9th, 1862. 
 
 + Before the Reformation there were no pews in parish Churches, the chief families 
 having moveable seats, as is still the custom in continental Churches. During the 
 
 3 A
 
 362 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Soon after the restoration of Charles II. an Act was passed re- 
 storing expelled ministers to their respective livings, and appointing 
 others to such as were vacant. The Corporation of Hull thought 
 this a good opportunity for cutting off the dependency of Holy 
 Trinity Church on the parish Church of Hessle — the former being 
 till this period only a Chapel of ease to the latter. The necessary 
 steps were taken, and an Act of Parliament for this purpose received 
 the royal assent on the 20th of December, 1661. The parish of 
 Hessle-cum-Hull thus became divided, and Holy Trinity thus 
 became a parish Church ; the Corporation being appointed to nom- 
 inate the Vicar and his successors, subject to the approval of the 
 Sovereign. And for the better maintenance of the Vicar, a salary 
 of £100. a year, over and above the Vicarage House, tithes, fees, 
 &c, was charged upon the parishioners, to be assessed by a rate.* 
 
 For many years this grand old Church has been in a dilapidated, 
 and in some parts, ruinous condition ; and efforts have been made 
 at various times to restore portions of it. About 1830 some im- 
 portant repairs were effected. In 1834 the building underwent 
 some repairs, when the organ was removed from the west end, to 
 what was called the Merchants' Gallery. The parishioners having 
 previously resolved to subscribe £1,000. in addition to £1,000. which 
 had been saved by the Churchwardens to improve the building ; the 
 restoration of the interior of the nave commenced in August, 1844, 
 and finished in 1846 — Mr. H. F. Lockwood being the architect. 
 The nave was re-opened for Divine service on the 10th of December, 
 1845, when the opening sermon was preached by the Rev. Dr. Hook. 
 
 A few years age a noble effort was commenced to rescue the exterior 
 
 reign of Elizabeth and her successors, when long sermons were considered necessary, 
 the laity began to feel the inconvenience of having no fixed sitting places; and as ar- 
 chitectural display and taste had now disappeared, utilitarianism found an easy ad- 
 mittance. The nobility, gentry, and freeholders appear to have erected pews at their 
 own private expense for the use of themselves, their heirs and assigns for ever. 
 
 * By the Municipal Reform Bill of 1835, it was enacted that all livings of which 
 the ancient Corporations had been patrons, should be sold. Consequently, in 1836, 
 the Vicarage of Holy Trinity was advertised for sale, when several persons interested 
 in the spiritual welfare of the inhabitants, and anxious that this important parish 
 may not fall into the hands of strangers, combined and purchased the advowson for 
 the sum of ^3,685 , and conveyed it by deed, enrolled in Chancery, to certain Trus- 
 tees, who are constituted patrons of the living.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 3G3 
 
 of this beautiful Church from the sad condition into which it had 
 been permitted to lapse, through the ignorance and indolence of the 
 remote predecessors of the present townspeople. The idea of a general 
 restoration of the building originated with the Rev. G. 0. Browne, 
 and chiefly through his zealous exertions, a public meeting of the 
 inhabitants of the town took place at the Mansion House, Nov. 
 84th, 1859 (the Mayor, Z. C. Pearson, Esq., in the chair), at which 
 it was resolved to make immediate efforts to raise funds by public 
 subscriptions to carry out the work. A very influential Committee 
 was formed, and the eminent architect, George Gilbert Scott, Esq., 
 F.S.A., was appointed to make a general survey of the fabric and 
 supply the necessary designs for its restoration. The Committee, 
 in their printed address to the public, asserted that for thirty years 
 it had been found impossible to lay any Church rate in the parish ; 
 and they also stated that the work of restoration, "commenced some 
 dozen years" previously, was found "in a worse condition than 
 some parts of the original structure, owing to the use of stone totally 
 unfit for the purpose." 
 
 The whole of the west front of the Church and the north side of 
 the nave have since been completely restored ; the foundation walls 
 of the structure, into which dangerous excavations in forming vaults 
 had been made, have been repaired; and portions of the Church- 
 vard have been drained and levelled. So far, the cost of the work 
 is about £6,680. — exclusive of £1,000. for the large stained glass 
 window,* £700. for a restored side Chapel; and the cost of the 
 large statue at the west end — but the funds are exhausted, and the 
 work has been suspended. It is, however, hoped that the res- 
 torations will soon be resumed. About £10,000. more will be re- 
 
 * The use of stained glass in Churches, it is supposed, came into fashion ahout 
 the time of Henry III., and continued till the reformation, when painting and sculp- 
 ture were entirely driven from them as gaudy appendages of Popery. In Bishop 
 Horner's Injunctions at a Visitation of the Cathedral of Winchester, Oct. 2, 1571, is 
 the following charge, " That all images of the Trinity in glass windows or other 
 places of the Church he put out and extinguished, together with the stone cross in 
 the Churchyard." Glass windows were not used in England before the year 675. 
 The windows had previously derived their light from lattice work, boards pierced, 
 with many holes, or transparency of linen.
 
 364 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 quired to complete the work so nobly begun. The south side of 
 the building is in a wretchedly ruinous condition.* 
 
 The Building of Holy Trinity, usually denominated the High 
 Church, is, with the exception of the Church of St. Michael, at 
 Coventry, the largest parochial Church (not collegiate) in England. 
 Its plan is cruciform, with a tower rising from the intersection. 
 The edifice is 272 feet long from east to west — the length of the 
 nave being 144 ; the breadth of the nave of the transept, under the 
 tower, is 28 feet; the length of the choir, 100 feet; the breadth of 
 the nave of the Church is 172 ; the length of the transept, 96 feet ; 
 and the breadth of the choir 70 feet. It covers an area of about 
 25,640 superficial feet. The style of architecture is Gothic.f In 
 his Report to the Restoration Committee, on the state of the edifice, 
 
 * Messrs. Simpson and Malone, of Hull, were the contractors for the restoration 
 of this Church : Mr. William Sissons is the Clerk of the Works; and the finely ex. 
 ecuted carvings of the west front, and the restored side Chapel, are from the chisel 
 of Mr. Thomas Frith, of Hull, who also worked all the stone carvings in St. Mary's 
 Church. The Rev. G O. Browne, M.A., and Mr. J. Mozley Stark are the Honorary 
 Secretaries of the Restoration Committee. 
 
 + Ecclesiastical Architecture — Between the time of the Anglo-Saxons and the period 
 of the Reformation (about 1,000 years) we have no less than half a dozen different 
 styles of ecclesiastical architecture ; and all our Cathedrals and ancient parish Churches 
 are built after one or more of these styles. The Saxon or Anglo-Saxon (now all but 
 extinct) was known by its plain round arches, its herring-bone masonry, and rough rude 
 walls. It prevailed from the year 600 to the period of the Norman Conquest (1066.) 
 Then came the Norman or Anglo Norman, with its round massive pillars and semi- 
 circular arches, sometimes ornamented with zigzag sculpture. The period of this 
 style was from the Conquest till the death of King Stephen, in 1154. The Semi- 
 Norman or Transition continued about half a century, till 1210. During that period the 
 short solid round columns and semicircular arches were often retained and mixed with 
 the pointed arches. The Pointed or Gothic style of architecture is generally arranged 
 nnder three divisions. The Early English or Lancet (sometimes called the first pointed 
 style) prevailed from 1210 to the end of the reign of Edward I. (1307.) Tt is distin- 
 guished by acutely pointed arches, and long narrow lancet-headed windows without 
 mullions. Then followed the Decorated or second pointed style, which dates from the 
 beginning of the reign of Edward II. to the death of Richard II. (1307 to 1399.) This 
 style is distinguished by its large windows divided by mullions, having pointed arches 
 with flowing tracery — the ornaments sometimes numerous and delicately carved. The 
 third pointed English or Gothic style of architecture is knewn as the Perpendicular. 
 It came into use about 1399, and continued till about the close of the reign of Henry 
 VIII. (1546.) The name clearly designates this style, for the tracery of the windows 
 and the ornamental panellings run in perpendicular lines, and form a complete dis- 
 tinction from the earlier pointed styles. To these three forms of the Gothic style 
 may be added two others, called respectively the Tudor and the Debased. 

 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 365 
 
 Mr. G. G. Scott writes "The building evinces three different periods 
 in its construction. The transept is of the time of Edward II., 
 and I think it probable that the chancel was built at the same time, 
 but on a smaller scale than at present ; but that the early addition 
 of a collegiate body demanded, in the ensuing reign, the erection of 
 a vastly enlarged choir. Be this as it may, the chancel, no doubt, 
 belongs to the middle of the fourteenth century, and the Chapels 
 along its southern side followed very soon upon it." Since this 
 Keport was printed, it has however appeared pretty clear from sev- 
 eral indications, that the restored Chapel on the south side of the 
 chancel is of an earlier date than any portion of the present Church. 
 As the transept is not in proportion to the other parts of the Church, 
 we must suppose that it was not enlarged when the chancel was 
 extended or rebuilt. The original chancel was probably not wider 
 than the middle aisle of the present one ; for to a chancel of that 
 width, but not so long as the present one, the transept would be 
 proportionate. The moulded bases of some of the piers in the 
 transept appear to have belonged to an earlier Church. 
 
 " The lower part of the tower (says Mr. Scott) is part of the ori- 
 ginal structure, to the height of a few feet above the roof of the 
 Church. The nave, with the upper stages of the tower, is of later 
 date. I am of opinion (he continues) that it belongs to the earliest 
 years of the fifteenth century, though the histories of the place 
 place it later ; possibly it may have been increased in length at a 
 later period without changing the details. All the earlier portions 
 were of brick, with stone dressings ; the latter wholly of stone. The 
 gifted architect found no serious settlement or failure in the walls, 
 with the exception of the tower, which, he states, has been " built 
 upon a vast raft of oak trees, crossing one another at right angles. 
 The trees are said to be still sound, but the platform has sunk un- 
 duly towards the south, and some of the trees have been broken by 
 the pressure. This was, no doubt, a settlement of early origin, but 
 it has continued to, or nearly to, the present time." He also states 
 that this settlement probably "commenced before the completion of 
 the tower, and suggested the extreme lightness of the walls of the 
 upper story, and the adoption of timber framing, to give them ad- 
 ditional strength."
 
 366 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 The eastern portions of the Church are of the Decorated period ; 
 the nave is in the Perpendicular style. The restoration of the west 
 end was the first part completed. This portion of the fabric, which 
 was in a most dilapidated condition, is now in its pristine state, 
 and forms a beautiful example of the Early Perpendicular style of 
 Gothic architecture. This front consists of the ends of the nave 
 and its side aisles, and contains a fine recessed doorway and three 
 beautiful windows. The mouldings of the doorway are enriched 
 with flowers, and rest on nine slender columns or cylinders, with 
 foliated capitals; and above is a pedimental canopy, ornamented 
 with trefoiled cusps, a crocheted label, and ending in a finial. On 
 either side of the door are three tall niches with rich canopies, and 
 above it the great west window, of nine lights, occupies the entire 
 breadth of the nave, and reaches to the parapet. In the head of 
 this immense window are five tier of small lights. In the end of 
 each of the aisles is a similar window of seven lights. The nave 
 and aisles finish with parapets of blank quatrefoils, surmounted 
 with ornamental trefoils ; and in the centre of the parapet of the 
 nave is a large niche, in which, on the 20th of November, 1863, 
 was placed a very fine full-sized statue of Our Saviour, executed in 
 Portland stone by Mr. J. B. Philip, of London. The cost of this 
 was raised by a special subscription. The figure is represented in 
 a sitting posture, the right hand in the act of blessing, and the 
 left hand holding the orb and cross. Its weight is about a ton and 
 a quarter. The sides of the aisles are each in eight divisions, made 
 by buttresses, and filled by large five-light windows. On the south 
 side, the lower part of one of the windows is occupied by the Vicar's 
 porch. The clerestory of the nave contains sixteen windows of 
 three lights each. The buttresses finish with tall crocheted pinna- 
 cles, and the parapets of the sides are embattled. There is a door- 
 way in each end of the transept, and in front of that on the south 
 side is a small porch, in the roof of which are stone ribs. The door- 
 way in the north end of it was restored in 1828. In each end of 
 the transept is a large six-light window, with Decorated tracery, 
 and the gables are crowned with stone crosses. 
 
 The restoration of the east end, and of the north side of the 
 chancel, was fiuished in 1833. The east front abuts on the Market-
 
 HISTORY OF KJNGSTON-UPON-HULL. 367 
 
 place. The large east window is of seven lights, having the sweep 
 of the arch filled with quatrefoil and cinquefoil tracery. Above this 
 window is an empty niche. There are two five-light windows at 
 this end of the chancel aisles, and the parapet is finished with a 
 pierced battlement. The sides of the chancel aisles contain ten 
 four-light windows. Each of the buttresses at the east end of the 
 Church, and on the north side of the chancel, contains a canopied 
 niche. The finish of the aisles of the chancel is a battlemented 
 parapet, and the clerestory of this part of the building has ten double 
 lights. The south side of the entire Church (except the restored 
 Chantry) is in a ruinous state. A line of low buildings, formerly 
 Chantry Chapels, but now used as vestries, &c, extend the whole 
 length of the chancel.* The noble tower is in two stages. On 
 each side of the lower stage are two windows of three lights each, 
 and in the upper stage are similar windows more highly enriched, 
 with pedimental canopies terminating in finials above the battle- 
 ments. All the windows of the tower are furnished with cross mul- 
 lions or transoms. The top finishes with an elegant pierced bat- 
 tlement, adorned with pinnacles. According to Tickell, the height 
 of the tower is 147£ feet. The view from the summit is splendid. 
 Internally the aspect of this spacious Church is very striking. The 
 nave and aisles are divided on each side by pointed arches resting 
 on lofty columns, formed by a union of four cylinders. The mould- 
 ings of the arches rest on figures of angels, playing on musical in- 
 struments. The ceilings of this part of the building are flat and 
 panelled, and embellished with stars, &c, on a blue ground. Pre- 
 vious to the year 1846, the west end of the nave, to the extent of 
 three intercolumniations, was divided from the portion devoted to 
 the service of the Church, and the latter part had galleries round it. 
 The nave was separated from the transept by an immense Doric 
 screen of oak, the sweep of the arches being also filled with timber; 
 
 * Before the restoration of the east and north sides of the chancel, the whole of 
 that part of the Church, with the exception only of the buttresses, crenelles, and 
 windows, which were of stone, was wholly built of brick, as was also the transept 
 and the foundation of the tower. Leland remarked that the " Trinitie Church " was 
 " most made of brike." It is stated that the portion of this edifice which is built of 
 brick may fairly claim to be the most ancient known specimen of brick building in 
 England since the time of the Romans.
 
 368 HISTORY OP K1NQST0N-UP0N-HULL. 
 
 and from the entrances to the aisles, ascended nights of stairs, 
 leading to the galleries of the nave. But happily at that time the 
 heavy screen, the cumbrous galleries, the ugly partitions, and the 
 old high pews were removed, and not only the whole of the beautiful 
 nave and its aisles were cleared, but the entire colonnade of the nave, 
 transept, and chancel was opened to view. In fact the interior of 
 the edifice was altogether rescued from mis-arrangement, mutilation, 
 and progressive decay, and restored to the good order and decent 
 splendour in which we now behold it. Three ancient, but light oak 
 screens of Gothic design, which had formerly separated the chancel 
 from the transept, were then removed to the arches dividing the 
 nave and aisles from the transept, and the arches from which these 
 screens were taken were left open. In lieu of the pews and galleries, 
 stalled seats were introduced, whose character corresponded with the 
 architectural style of the sacred structure. 
 
 For some distance eastward from the west door of the nave, these 
 stalls, which are all of oak, run transverse, so that the standards 
 with their carved poppy-heads, from designs at York and Lincoln 
 Minsters, abut upon the aisles. About mid-way up the nave, the 
 Church assumes the aspect of a Cathedral choir, the stalls being 
 arranged parallel to the aisle, and the standards and poppy-heads 
 meeting the eye to the greatest advantage. The fronts of these 
 stalls are neatly carved. A beautiful pulpit of magnesian limestone, 
 exquisitely designed and executed, was erected at the same time. 
 It is reached by a stone staircase, ascending round one of the co- 
 lumns of the nave, and protected by a handsome balustrade, also of 
 stone. Opposite the pulpit is the reading desk, composed of an 
 open oak screen of Gothic tracery; behind which are three stalls 
 for the officiating clergy. Between the pulpit and desk is one of 
 the finest brass lecterns in England. Its height is 7ft. 3in. ; the 
 spread of the eagle's wing is 2ft. ; it weighs 7 cwt. ; and its value is 
 about £200. According to the inscription on the ball between the 
 eagle and the pedestal, it was presented to this Church by Messrs. 
 John and George Parker, copper merchants, of Hull, on the 28th of 
 November, 1847 — the day on which the Vicar (Rev. J. H. Bromby) 
 completed the 50th year of his incumbency. The Church was first 
 lighted with gas on the same day. The large ancient font is of
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 309 
 
 beautiful Purbeck marble, from which several coats of yellow paint 
 have been with difficulty removed. By this dirty smearing, the 
 men of other days endeavoured to conceal the elegant sculptured 
 sbields, roses, quatrefoils, &c, with which it is adorned. It stands 
 on eight columns of four cylinders each, with a large one in the 
 centre. 
 
 The fine west window of the nave was filled with stained glass 
 by Hardman towards the end of the year 18G2 ; and was "opened," 
 or unveiled, on the Christmas-day of that year. It is now one of 
 the greatest ornaments in the town, and a magnificent specimen of 
 modern stained glass. Each of the nine great divisions contains 
 two groups, each of which are illustrative of some passage of the 
 Bible, and all bearing in some way on the subject of the Holy 
 Trinity. The upper part of the first great compartment on the 
 south side is a group representing Adam and Eve in Eden, and 
 below it is the Baptism of our Saviour. The subjects of the second 
 light are Abraham seeing the three men (Genesis, xviii.) ; and 
 below, Angels ministering to our Lord. The third has Abraham 
 offering up his son, and beneath it our Lord revealing himself to 
 the woman of Samaria. The upper part of the three centre lights 
 contains the Crucifixion, the sixth one having angels adoring, and 
 the fourth representing the Centurion declaring " Truly this was 
 the son of God." The lower part of the fourth light shows Our 
 Piedeemer teaching his Apostles " The Lord's Prayer ; the same 
 portion of the centre light, Christ's prayer in the Garden of 
 Gethsemane ; and the bottom of the sixth light the Resurrection. 
 In the upper part of the seventh division is the Most High appear- 
 ing to Moses in the burning bush; and below Our Saviour com- 
 manding Magdalen not to touch him. The eighth compartment 
 exhibits the Holy of Holies, with the presence of God resting on 
 the mercy seat; and below, the angel declaring that Christ is risen. 
 The ninth or last light contains representations of Joshua over- 
 powered in the presence of the angel of God (Joshua, v. 13, 14) ; 
 and (beneath) the Ascension. It will be observed that, with the 
 exception of the three centre ones, the subjects from the Old Tes- 
 tament history come in the upper part of the lights, and those from 
 the New Testament, in the lower. The head or tracery part of the 
 
 3 ii
 
 370 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 window contains three groups, each of twelve figures, representing 
 the " glorious company of the Apostles" ; the " noble army of Mar- 
 tyrs"; and the "goodly fellowship of the Prophets." 
 
 The nine great lights are so many memorials of deceased persons, 
 and in the wall below the window is a large elegant illuminated 
 brass tablet, which serves as an index to the compartments. 
 
 According to the inscription, the window is dedicated " To the Glory of the ever 
 Blessed Trinity; " and the lights are in memory of the following persons. The 1st 
 (or extreme south compartment) of George Alder, of Sutton Grange and Hull, who 
 died in 1344, aged 86; and of Mary, his wife, who died in 1855, aged 54. The 2nd, of 
 Joseph Gee, of Hull, merchant, who died in 1860. Tbe 3rd, of Eobert Marti a 
 Craven, of Hull, surgeon, who died in 1859. The 4th, of William Ringrose, of Hull, 
 merchant, who died in 1845, aged 65. The 5th, of William Woolley, Clerk of the 
 Peace for the borough of Hull, who died in 1837. The 6th, of John Taylor, of Hull, 
 merchant, who died in 1856. The 7th, of R. C. Young, who died in 1856; and of 
 Anne, his wife ; and Charlotte and Jesse, their children. The 8th, of Mary Bark- 
 worth, who died in 1842. And the 9th compartment is a memorial of John Cressey, 
 who died in 1810, aged 77; and Elizabeth, his wife, who died in 1778, aged 52; and 
 also of some of their descendants. 
 
 The total cost of the window, including the memorial brass, 
 amounted to about £l,000. r and this sum was raised by subscrip- 
 tion, through the agency of a Committee of ladies. 
 
 The tower is supported by four strong and uniform pillars, and 
 in it is a peal of eight bells- and a large clock.f The roof of the 
 
 * The weight of the tenor bell is between 20 and 21 cwt. The average weight of 
 the tenor bells all over the world is 18cwt. In the year 1746 the grave digger was 
 killed by a fall from the bell chamber of this Church. 
 
 + The clock began to mark the lapse of time on four faces on the 7th of August, 
 1840. It had previously but one face. The following facts relate to the mechanism 
 of this clock. There are four mahogany dials, each upwards of 13ft. diameter; 4 
 pair of copper hands, each pair, including their balances, weighing 4st. ; 16 wheels, 
 plain and angular; 8 pinions, 5 iron frames, 106ft of conveyance rod, and 8 universal 
 and shifting joints. The principal works, which are about 30ft. lower down in the 
 tower, are divided into four parts, viz. — one to give motion to the hands or pointers; 
 one to measure time ; one to strike the quarters on two bells ; and one to strike the 
 hour. For these purposes are used 19 wheels, from 5 to 18in. diameter; 13 pinions, 
 of various sizes; a great number of crosses and levers; 7 large iron frames; 9 rope 
 barrels, 5 of them secondary; 7 ropes, and about 62st. of weights, wound up twice 
 per week. On two of the frames are two small brass faces, which are used for setting 
 the time. On these the following is engraved, viz. : — "Joseph Hindley, York, 1772." 
 On the other — "This secondary movement, invented and manufactured by James 
 Harrison, together with three extra dials, were added to this clock a.d. 1840. John 
 Healey Bromby, Vicar. Chas. A. Forrester and Thomas Mitchell, Churehwardens of 
 Holy Trinity." Owing to the intricacy of the clock movements, it requires oil in 110
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUTX. 371 
 
 cross aisle or transept appears to be modern, and has the date of 
 1755. In the north window of the transept are the royal arras, and 
 those of the Corporations of Hull and the Trinity House, in stained 
 glass. There were formerly no less than sixty coats of arms in the 
 transept and chancel, among which was that of William de la Pole. 
 From the south wing of the transept is entered the ancient 
 Chantry Chapel, which has just been restored at the cost of Miss 
 Broadley, of Welton — some members of whose family having of late 
 years being interred in it. It is very probable, judging from the 
 principal shields of arms in the Chapel, that it was founded by the 
 De la Poles. In his MSS. History of the Church, the Rev. A. de 
 la Pryme gives copies of the shields, and the names of those whose 
 armorial bearings they bore.* Within the Chapel, on the wall 
 above the tomb, are two large shields, bearing, according to De la 
 Pryme, " certainly the arms of William de la Pole, who lived in the 
 year 1345," and who was elder brother to William, the great mer- 
 chant of Hull. The arms on the smaller shields on the tomb were 
 those of Scrope, De la Pole Earl of Suffolk, Eland, Isle of Man,f 
 Clifford, Oughtred, Engain Lord of Grimsby, Mouncey or Warren, 
 and Mowbray Earl of Nottingham. All these shields, as well as 
 the ancient tomb, with its arch open to the chancel, has been well 
 restored by Mr. Frith. The arch is decorated on both sides with 
 cusps, in the carved spandrils of which are several shields of arms in- 
 termixed with winged figures, foliage, &c. ; and the whole is finished 
 
 different places. The twelve and six o'clock chimes are a separate piece of machinery, 
 fixed in another part of the tower; they are necessarily complex, and require oil in 
 230 different places. 
 
 * E. S. Wilson, Esq., of Hull and Melton, possesses a perfect copy of De la Pryme's 
 History of Hull. The second volume is in the handwriting of the author, but the 
 first vol. (which belonged to the late Mr. John Cross, of Hull) is a copy of the original. 
 
 + "The arms of the Isle of Man being placed opposite to Scrope (writes De la 
 Pryme) may give us a good light into the time when this porch was built, viz., while 
 Will. Scrope Earl of Wiltshire was Lord of that Hand, which was from LJ92, till his 
 attainder in 1399 or 1400." 
 
 Our author calls the Chapel a porch, which may be accounted for by the fact that 
 in his time (See p. 21), and during many years after that, the ruined tomb of this 
 Chapel formed a sort of doorway, and one of the south windows of the Chapel was 
 made into another doorway, and the Chapel served as a porch for the choir of the 
 Church. This entrance to the choir was made when two bodies of people worshipped 
 in the Church, during the period of the Commonwealth. (See p. otiO.)
 
 372 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UFON-HUIX. 
 
 at the top with rich mouldings and crocketed hoods, terminating in 
 finials. Besides two small windows at the entrance } there is a 
 three-light window in the east wall, beneath which was formerly 
 the altar, and near to which, on the north side, is a canopied niche 
 for a statue; and on the south side is a piscina, ornamented with 
 two figures of angels. The south wall contains two three-light 
 windows. The new roof is of oak, varnished ; and the pavement is 
 tesselated.* 
 
 * Chantries. — It wa9 the custom, in ancient times, for Lords of Manors, and persons 
 of wealth and importance, to build small Chapels or side aisles to their parish Churches, 
 dedicated in honour of some favourite saint, and these were endowed with lands suf- 
 ficient for the maintenance of one or more chantors or priests, who were to sing 
 masses at the altar erected therein, for the soul of the founder and those of his an- 
 cestors and posterity ; these Chantry Chapels served also as a burial place for the 
 founder and his family. There were frequently many chantries in one Church, and 
 they were generally separated from the rest of the Church by a screen. Fuller says, 
 " Chantries were Adjectives, not able to stand by themselves, and therefore united, for 
 their better support, to some parochial, collegiate, or cathedral Church." Before the 
 Reformation, much of the property of the Universities was held on the condition of 
 the performance of chantry services. 
 
 Previous to the Reformation this Church had no fewer than twelve private Chapels 
 or endowed Chantries for priests to chant or sing mass in for souls departed ; and 
 there were then at least as many priests celebrating daily service in the building 
 for the living and for the dead. The Chapels were all on both sides of the choir, and 
 the walls of some of them on the south side still remain. Besides these there were 
 eight altars endowed for the same purpose, so that the whole number of Chantries in 
 the Church, at the above period, was at least twenty. The first of these was founded 
 in 1328, by Richard de Gretford, Alderman, and a merchant of this town, who be- 
 queathed to the Vicar of Hessle-cum-Hull, and to his successors for ever, a messuage 
 lying in Bedford-lane, on the north side of the " great Chapel of Hull," with a yearly 
 rental of 36s., and several articles of plate, &c, on condition that a Chaplain should 
 be found to sing continually in the said great Chapel for the souls of him, his wife, 
 and all Christian souls deceased. The same year, John Rottenherryng, merchant of 
 Hull, founded a Chantry in the same Church, for a priest to sing mass for his own 
 soul every day, and for the souls of all Christian people deceased. About the year 
 1380 Sir Michael de la Pole founded a Chantry here. 
 
 Richard Ravenser, Archdeacon of Lincoln, in 1385, founded another Chantry here, 
 for the support of a priest to celebrate Divine service in the Chapel of St. Ann, con- 
 tiguous to the Chapel of the Holy Trinity, for the repose of the souls of King Ed- 
 ward III., Queen Philippa, the founder, and all the souls departed from the world. 
 Robert de Cross founded a Chantry here in 1408; John Gregg founded another in 
 11-20; John Bedford founded one about the year 1450; John Alcock, Bishop of Wor- 
 cester, in 1489, built a small Chapel on the south side of this Church, in which he 
 founded a Chantry at the altar of St. John the Evangelist, for a priest to pray for the 
 eternal rest of the souls of King Edward IV., the founder, his parents, &c. The 
 priest was obliged to teach in the Grammar School, besides performing service in the 
 Chantry, for which double duty he was to receive <£14. 6s. 4d.,per annum. Amongst
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-TJPON-HULL. 373 
 
 During the restoration of this Chapel an ancient coffin was dis- 
 covered in a singular position, viz., lying east and west beneath the 
 east wall, and the spot on which the altar stood. There appears to 
 have been a Chapel on the west side of this one, the door of which 
 was in the porch of the transept. 
 
 The stairs leading to the ancient rood-loft may still be seen, but 
 the rood-screen is gone.* 
 
 The chancel or choir is very spacious, lofty, and noble. Indeed 
 it would be difficult to find more simple elegance, combined with 
 grandeur, in a Gothic pile, than in this chancel. The centre is 
 divided from the aisles by five pointed arches, resting on columns 
 similar to those of the nave ; the capitals are foliated, and the 
 pillars rest on octagonal plinths. The mouldings of the arches rest 
 on small figures of saints, standing on grotesque masks. The roof 
 is panelled and painted. Round the chancel aisles are two rows of 
 ancient seats, at some of the ends of which were carved various 
 figures with coats of arms. 
 
 Anciently the windows of the choir were filled with exquisitely 
 
 the other Chantries were those founded hy Hugh Hanby, merchant; Madam Mar- 
 garet Darras, Robert Matthews, about the year 1500; Dr John Riplingham, 1'resident 
 of the College in Beverley, in 1516; Thomas Wilkinson, Alderman, in 1531; Mar- 
 garet Dubbing, at the altar of St. John Baptist in Trinity Churcb, about 1533; and 
 John Elland, Knt. about the same time. The obits kept in this Church greatly ex- 
 ceeded the number of chantries. As before stated, some of the Chapels are remaining 
 on the south side of the choir, and are now used for vestries, &c. One of them was 
 converted into a Council Chamber for the Corporation to meet in, but it was so cold 
 that they forsook it about 180 years ago. 
 
 Free Chapels, though endowed for the same use and service as Chantries, were in- 
 dependent of any Church or other ecclesiastical edifice. " They had more room for 
 priests," says Fuller, " and more priests for that room." 
 
 The Obit was the anniversary of any person's death; and to observe such a day, 
 with prayers, alms, or other commemorations, was called keeping the obit. 
 
 * The word Rood is derived from the Anglo-Saxon Rode or Cmx— Cross. In its 
 primary signification it denoted any sort of image, but was afterwards peculiarly 
 adapted to Our Saviour as fixed on the cross, or to the cross itself. The Kood-screen, 
 which was commonly over or near the passage out of the body of the Church into the 
 chancel, had the Rood-loft on the top of it. As the body of the Church represents 
 the Church Militant, and the chancel the Church Triumphantly this mystery, those 
 who would pass out of the former into the latter must go under the cross pnd suffer 
 affliction. When the rood was perfectly set out, the crucifix was attended with images 
 of the Blessed Virgin and St. John the Evangelist, in allusion to the expression cf 
 Christ on the Cross, when he saw his mother and the disciple whom he loved standing 
 by (St. John, xix. chap. 20 v.)
 
 374 HTSTORY OP KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 stained glass, and adorned with curious figures and shields of arms ; 
 and the great east window alone contained the history of the Bible. 
 In 1575 the latter window was so much damaged by the violence 
 of the mob in demolishing the painted glass at the Reformation, 
 that it all fell dowu, but it was rebuilt by William Gee, Esq., Mayor 
 in 1562 and 1573, at his own expense, in the reign of Queen Eliza- 
 beth. Through Mr. Gee's example several others were induced to 
 repair the windows, and other parts of the Church, which had fallen 
 into decay ; but the zealots of the seventeenth century, " who (says 
 Tickell) placed no small part of their religion in demolishing such 
 windows," destroyed the stained glass that escaped the fury of their 
 forefathers, and the very few fragments of that article now left have 
 been placed in the tops of two or three .of the windows. The other 
 stained glass in the heads of a few of the windows is modern, and 
 has a tawdry appearance. Before the restoration of the east window 
 (in 1833) it was blocked up, and a great part of it occupied by a 
 painting on plaster of the Lord's Supper, by M. Parmentier, which 
 was removed to Hessle Church. When the window was restored, 
 the stained glass in the top of it, containing emblematic figures of 
 different descriptions, and the upper row of figures representing Our 
 Saviour and six of the Apostles, in stained glass, were inserted in 
 it. Subsequently the seven figures beneath them, viz., the Prophet 
 Isaiah and the remainder of the Apostles, were added ; and in 1835 
 three of the lower compartments of the window were filled with 
 representations of Faith, Hope, and Charity. Four compartments 
 of the lower tier are still unoccupied by pictures. This window 
 measures 40 feet by 20. From certain indications still remaining, 
 the altar of the Blessed Virgin stood at the east end of the south 
 aisle of the chancel. At the same end of the south wall is the only 
 ancient piscina left in the Church. It is beneath a large arch, the 
 top of which is ornamented with figures of two angels with shields, 
 and which may have been a shrine. 
 
 Four large brass chandeliers, given by a maiden lady named 
 Plaxton, hang suspended from the roof of the chancel, but as the 
 Church is now lighted with gas, they are neither useful nor orna- 
 mental. The whole choir was formerly paved with small square 
 bricks (after the manner of Meaux Abbey), upon many of which were
 
 HISTOKY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 375 
 
 the coats of arms of several of the Plantagenets, Earls of Lancaster, 
 Leicester, and Derby, in the reigns of the first three Edwards ; and 
 of several other contributors to the fabric. These however have all 
 long since disappeared, and the floor is now mostly laid with large 
 oblong square stones, of a bluish cast, under which many of the 
 principal inhabitants lie buried, as appears by the inscriptions and 
 coats of arms which are still to be seen on most of them. 
 
 There are but few monuments in the Church worthy of notice, though most of the 
 great and good of Hull were interred within its walls for several centuries. The 
 most remarkable monument is one in the south wall of the choir, consisting of 
 what is supposed by some to be the effigies, in alabaster, of Sir William de la Pole 
 and his wife, who were buried in the chancel (See p. 40). The figures are under 
 a pedimental canopy. An engraving of it is given (plate 46, in vol. i., part 2) 
 in Gough's Sepulchral Monuments. At page 122 of that volume is the following 
 description of the monument : — " Sir William de la Pole is bare-headed, reclining his 
 head on two cushions, habited as a merchant, in an outer cloak, or mantle, buttoned 
 close at the neck, with a standing cape, and buttons down the sides. His coat has 
 six buttons on the breast, and the sleeves are buttoned, and reach to his wrists. At 
 his breast hangs a dagger, or whittle; at his feet is a lion. She seems to wear the 
 mitred head-dress, falling down in plaits at the sides of her face, her close gown but- 
 toned on the waist, and also the sleeves which reach to the wrists. Under this is 
 a petticoat, and over it falls a kind of veil. In her hands she holds a heart. Her 
 head rests on two cushions, supported by angels. At her feet a dog : on the face of 
 the tomb were four shields in quatre-foils." Tickell says that according to an ancient 
 manuscript, the effigies are those of Sir Michael de la Pole, the first Earl of Suffolk 
 of that name, and his wife Catherine, daughter of Sir John Wingfield ; "but how they 
 came to be placed there (he adds) is not equally clear." The Earl died in disgrace in 
 France in 1389 (See p. 43), and, as Tickell well observes, supposing him to have been 
 brought from thence, to be interred in Hull, his remains would doubtless have been 
 deposited, in accordance with the practice of that age, in the Chapel of the religious 
 institution which he founded. Tickell therefore concludes, and in this we agree in 
 opinion with him, that it is probable that at the Dissolution of Monasteries, these 
 effigies were " brought from the Charter House, and placed here at the door of an old 
 chantry founded and endowed by the said Earl." The same historian adds that " the 
 editors of this history" opened the vault or ground under the effigies, as low as the 
 foundation, but found no trace of human remains. 
 
 There is in the choir a stone figure of a lady with her hands clasped in prayer, 
 which was discovered some years ago in a shrine, built up in the south wall of the 
 transept, on the east side of the doorway, by workmen who were about to erect a 
 mural monument on the spot. Having found this tomb, or shrine, the workmen ex- 
 amined the wall on the west side of the transept door, and instead of a shrine, as they 
 expected to meet with, they discovered a small three-light window, which was after- 
 wards restored. The statue of the lady was removed from its shrine, and a small 
 window was inserted in the place of it, to correspond with the other one. Nothing is 
 known of the person intended to be represented by this statue. 
 
 The most ancient grave stone in the Church is one in the floor of the south aisle 
 of the choir, near the east end, on which is engraved in brass plates let into the stone,
 
 376 HISTOUY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 the effigies of Richard Bylt, Alderman and merchant of Hull, and his wife. The 
 former died of the plague in 1401. 
 
 The principal monuments on the walls of the choir and transept are in memory of 
 the Rev. Nicholas Anderson, Vicar of Holy Trinity during 27 years ; Sir G. Baker, 
 Knt, who died in 1667 (both having Latin inscriptions) ; Rev. Joseph Milner, author 
 of " Church History," Master of the Hull Grammar School, upwards of 30 years Vicar 
 of this Church, who died 1797, in his 53rd year. Alderman Ferres (an old carved 
 wood monument on the north wall of the choir, with a nearly defaced portrait of the 
 deceased in a framed panel) ; the Maister family (several memorials) ; and members 
 of the families of Hollingworth, Somerscales, Stubbs, Sandwith, Shipman, Harrison, 
 Skinner, Gleadow, Porter, Smyth, &c. Amongst the most modern monuments are the 
 following ; — A handsome white marble structure by Earle, erected in the transept in 
 1850, by the Corporation of Trinity House, in memory of their great benefactor, Alder- 
 man Ferres. A marble memorial by Behnes, of Dr. John Alderson, who died in 1829, 
 in his 73rd. year; one to J. C. Parker, Esq., J.P., who died in 1841, aged 67. A hand- 
 some marble monument by Earle, to the family of Gray, and chiefly commemorative 
 of a youth of that family, who, in January, 1858, was, in a high wind, blown into the 
 Huniber from the pier-head, and never found ; one to the Appleyard family ; and a 
 good bust in marble by Keyworlh, of Mr. W. Woolley,. Clerk of the Peace, who com- 
 piled and published, in 1830, "A Collection of Statutes relating to the Town of Jung- 
 ston-upon-Hull," and died in 1837. All these last-mentioned are in the transept. At 
 the east end is a tablet to Mr. John Parker, copper merchant, who died in 1840, in his 
 73rd year. At the north end of the transept is a stone coffin, which was dug up in 
 1835, at the west end of the north aisle of the choir, in making a grave for Thomas 
 Harper. The coffin had no lid, and in it were the bones of a human body covered 
 with clay. 
 
 la one of the side Chapels is a Library for the use of the parish, 
 consisting of about 1,000 vols. The names of the first donors are 
 preserved on a tablet hung up in the room. In the collection is 
 MS. copy of the Bible, beautifully illuminated, and supposed to be 
 the work of the thirteenth century. As it contains on its first folio 
 the word " Fairfax," which resembles exactly the signature of the 
 celebrated General of that name (formerly Governor of Hull), it is 
 probable that the book was once his property. 
 
 There are two antipendiums for the Communion-table, the gift of 
 Mr. J. C. Pettiugell, one of the Sidesmen of the Church. One ia 
 of crimson cloth, and the other (for the season of Lent) of black 
 cloth. The former has a neat gold, and the other a silver sacred 
 monogram in the centre. Two offertory boxes still used, bear re- 
 spectively the dates of 16-12 and 16G6 — the years in which occurred 
 the siege of Hull and the great fire of London. They also bear the 
 initials " M. J." Matthew Johnson was one of the Churchwardens 
 elected at Easter in 1G66, and he probably filled the same office in 
 1642; but there is no record of the fact.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 377 
 
 The Organ is said to have been originally built by Schmidt, " the 
 great father of English organ-builders," who was invited from Ger- 
 many in 1680 by King Charles II. ; and there appears some reason 
 for concluding that this instrument was built for St. Paul's Cathe- 
 dral, London, but being found too small for that purpose, was re- 
 moved here. 
 
 The earliest mention of an organ in the records of Holy Trinity 
 parish is in the year 1711, December 20th, when at a parish mee- 
 ting it was determined to double the pew-rents to raise a salary of 
 £20. per annum " for the maintenance of an organist for the organ 
 to be erected in the Church." About the same date we find pro- 
 vision for letting the new pews formed in the organ-loft. In 1714 
 six guineas were spent in the repairs of the organ. Other repairs 
 are recorded at different periods subsequent to this, but in 1756 
 the Churchwardens were empowered to contract with Mr. Snetzler 
 for the repairs of the organ at the price of £100. At this time the 
 instrument was much improved aud the trumpet and clarior put in 
 the great organ. In 1782, when Snetzler was building the organ 
 for Beverley Minster, he was sent for to do some repairs to this 
 organ. In 1788 a Mr. Ryley repaired and cleaned the organ, when 
 a new trumpet stop was introduced into it. After the nave had 
 been restored, the organ, covered up in a vile deal case, and placed 
 at the extremity of the Church, was a blot on the otherwise fair pro- 
 portions of the beautiful old pile. A subscription was set on foot 
 for the restoration of the instrument, and in 1855 it was placed 
 in the hands of our local organ builders, Messrs. Forster and An- 
 drews. These gentlemen reconstructed it, and adapted it to its 
 somewhat odd position, viz., the west end of the south aisle of the 
 nave. The organ was opened at a special service, and its resto- 
 ration was pronounced perfect. " We venture to say (wrote the 
 editor of a local newspaper) that the many laurels which, in the 
 practice of their art, they (the organ-builders) have gained, there 
 are none greener or more honourable than those which they have 
 won for themselves in this case." 
 
 'Tis true the instrument is a fine one in power and tone, and the 
 talented builders made the best of it ; but it is not by any means so 
 large as the grandeur of the building requires. It consists of but a 
 
 3 c
 
 378 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 row and three quarters of keys, and has not many stops ; but it is 
 hoped that the parishioners will ere long replace it by an organ of 
 three entire rows of keys, which would be worthy of so noble a 
 Church. 
 
 In 1715 Mr. George Smith was elected organist. After the 
 death of Mr. Lambert, in 1838, the present organist, Mr. George 
 J. Skelton, was appointed to succeed him. The Choir is a double 
 one, and consists of sixteen adults and twelve boys, and choral 
 services are very effectively performed on Sunday mornings and 
 evenings. The organ was first placed under the tower, then at the 
 west end, from whence it was twice removed to its original position 
 for the priucipal festivals which took place in this Church.* 
 
 Divine service is performed three times on Sundays, Wednesdays, 
 and Fridays; and twice on each of the other days. The lecture- 
 ship in connexion with this Church will cease at the death or resig- 
 nation of the present Lecturer; the Municipal Corporation having 
 found it to be illegal to continue the payment of his stipend. At 
 Easter, 18G3, by resolution of the Vestry, the pew rents were abo- 
 lished (the pews of the Corporations of Hull and the Trinity House 
 being held by faculty, alone excepted), and an offertory substituted. 
 
 * In 1799 a three days' Musical Festival was held here, in aid of the General In- 
 firmary. The Messiah and other sacred oratorios were performed. A similar festival 
 was held here in 1807, when concerts were given at the theatre in the evenings. 
 Another three days' festival took place in 1812. Oratorios were performed in the 
 Church, and concerts given in the theatre. Madame Catalani was the leading singer, 
 and out of the proceeds ,£324. was contributed to the Infirmary. In 1814 a perform- 
 ance of sacred music was given for a charitable purpose. In 1830 the Hull Choral 
 Society sang the Messiah, and selections from other sacred oratorios in this Church. 
 The same Society gave two other performances of sacred music here during the year 
 1831. A very grand Musical Festival, of three days' duration, was held in September, 
 1834, in aid of a fund for restoring the east window and filling it with stained glass ; 
 and for the benefit of the Infirmary. Sacred music was performed in the mornings 
 in the Church, and miscellaneous concerts were given at night in the Music Hall. 
 Though this was a most brilliant affair, yet the receipts were less than the expendi- 
 ture. The list of patrons included the Duchess of Kent, the Princess (now Queen,) 
 Victoria, the Archbishop of York, Duke of St. Albans, Earls Carlisle, Fitzwilliam, 
 Scarborough, and Harewood ; Lords Morpeth, Yarborough, Galway, Milton, Muncaster, 
 Howden, Hotham, YVharncliffe, &c; and a large number of Baronets, M.P.'s, and 
 country gentlemen. Among the singers were Madame Caradori Allen, Miss Clara 
 Kovello, Madame Stockhausen, and Mr. Brahani. Sir George Smart conducted. 
 Another festival was held in this Church in October, 1837, for the benefit of the In- 
 firmary — with eveniDg concerts and a fancy dress ball at the Music Hall. Profits nil.
 
 HISTORY OF KJNGSTON-TJPON-HULL. 379 
 
 The first intimation of this important change was made hy one of 
 the Curates, the Kev. R. H. Parr, in a sermon preached in the 
 Church, in July, 1802, and afterwards published.* 
 
 The Living of the parish of the Holy Trinity is a Vicarage, not 
 in charge, and in the patronage of certain Trustees (See p. 302). 
 The Rev. J. H. Bromby, M.A.,f is the Vicar; the Lecturer is the 
 Rev. John Scott, M.A. ; the Clerk in orders, or chief Curate, is the 
 Rev. Henry Gott Kinnear, M.x\. ; and the other Curates are the 
 Rev. George Osborne Browne, M.A., Rev. E. L. Penny, M.A., and 
 the Rev. James Gurnhill, B.A. 
 
 The two Churchwardens of Holy Trinity parish are assisted in 
 the execution of their office by six Sidesmen, who are chosen an- 
 nually. The latter office has fallen into disuse in most parts of the 
 kingdom, but it exists in Hull in this parish and in that of St. 
 Mary. Two Sidesmen are annually appointed for the latter parish.} 
 
 * The Eev. R. H. Parr, formerly a Curate of this parish, but now an Incumbent at 
 Scarborough (See p. 210), had presented to him, at Hull, a handsome silver Com- 
 munion service. On the paten is engraved — " A token of esteem and love to the Eev. 
 E. Henning Parr, SI. A., from the members of his class, on the occasion of his ordi- 
 nation. Holy Trinity Church, Hull, St. Thomas's Day, 1855." 
 
 + The present venerable and venerated Vicar is a descendant of H. Duncalf, Esq., 
 Mayor in 1688 (See p. 232), and the son of John Bromby, Esq., merchant, Hull. He 
 was born at Hull, Oct. 18th, 1770, and was educated at the Grammar School here, 
 under the Eev. Joseph Milner — Avison Terry and Thomas Firbank, Esqrs., being 
 two of his fellow pupils. Mr. Bromby graduated at Cambridge University in 1792, 
 as 17th wrangler; he took his M.A. degree in 1795, and was afterwards elected Fellow 
 of Sidney Sussex College. He was appointed to the Vicarage of Hull on the 28th of 
 Nov., 1797, and has now completed the Otith year of his sacred office. In 1849 he 
 became Master of the Charter House. On the 3rd of April, 1839, a silver salver of 
 the value of .£85., and a purse of 170 sovereigns were presented to him. This tes- 
 timonial was cheerfully contributed to by persons of all shades of religious and poli- 
 tical views, and the presentation took place in the vestry, when about forty gentlemen 
 partook of a dejeuner. The Mayor (G. Cookman, Esq.) presided, and presented the 
 testimonial. The inscription on the salver sets forth that it and the purse were given 
 in testimony of high esteem for the Vicar, who had then discharged the arduous du- 
 ties of his office, " with the strictest integrity, candour, and true Christian charity," 
 for a period of 41 years, and as an " Easter Offering " from his " parishioners and 
 friends." In June, 1849, a purse containing 300 guineas and a silver inkstand were 
 presented to him by a number of his parishioners, " as commemorative of the 50th year 
 of his incumbency, and in testimony of the love and veneration with which they re- 
 gard him as a minister of religion, and of their unfeigned esteem for him as a Chris- 
 tian, a scholar, and a gentleman." The presentation was made at the Vicarage. 
 
 J Synod's men, and by corruption Sidesmen, were creditable persons, which it was 
 customary for the Bishops to summon out of every parish to attend the ancient epis-
 
 380 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 The Churchyard is about to be reduced on the north side, the 
 town's authorities having purchased for the sum of £1,000., a strip 
 of it containing 440 yards, for the purpose of widening the street.* 
 The Board of Health likewise contemplate the reduction of the 
 burial ground in Castle-street, belonging to this parish, for improve- 
 ment purposes. The latter burying-ground was purchased under 
 the provisions of a special Act of Parliament, passed in 1783, for 
 this purpose, as well as for erecting a new gaol, &c. Both of these 
 places of interment are now closed, but the parishioners have a 
 cemetery of three acres, on the Hessle road, still open. This ground 
 was consecrated by the Archbishop of York, the 14th of April, 1862. 
 
 The Vicarage House is a large plain brick building on South 
 Church-side. Adjoining it is a similar residence for the principal 
 Curate. 
 
 *** After the foregoing account of High Church was in type, we were favoured by 
 Mr. John Eichardson, T.C. (surgeon dentist), Saville-street, with a view of a very 
 ancient leaden chalice, which (according to a printed label on the glass shade placed 
 over it) was found in a coffin in an ancient vault three feet below the foundation of the 
 present vaults of the middle aisle of the nave of the Church (during the restorations), 
 on the 8th of January, 1840. Chalices were buried only with ecclesiastics ; and from 
 the material (lead) of which it is composed, it must be of far greater antiquity than 
 any portion of the present Church. There is no doubt that the cup dates from the 
 Saxon period. It is five inches in height, and the shape is very good. 
 
 St. Mary's Church, Low-gate. — As the Church of the Holy 
 Trinity, or " High Church " (so-called because it was situated in 
 High Market-gate (See p. 321), was originally built as a Chapel-of- 
 ease to the parish Church of Hessle ; so was the Church of St. 
 Mary, in Low Market-gate, and hence designated the " Low Church," 
 originally erected as a Chapel-of-ease to North Ferriby Church. It 
 is stated that St. Mary's was first built about twenty years after 
 
 copal Synods for the purpose of giving information of, and attesting the disorders of, 
 clergy and people. They were called Testes Synodales, and were bound upon oath to 
 present all heretics and other irregular persons. They were sometimes called Quest- 
 men, from the nature of their office, in making enquiries concerning offences. — Burn's 
 Ecclesiastical Law, vol. i. 
 
 * There is in the possession of Mr. J. M. Stark (one of the Sidesmen), bookseller, 
 Wbitefriar-gate, an Inventory or Record of all the inscriptions in this Churchyard — 
 as well of those that remain as of those that were removed during the recent resto- 
 ration. This record was taken in Dec, 1860, and Feb., 1861, by John Barton, the 
 Vestry-clerk. The book containing the list has also a plan of the Churchyard, in which 
 every tomb-stone is numbered, and which serves as a key to the Eegister.
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UPON-HULL. 381 
 
 Hi"h Church. The earliest authentic notice of St. Mary's is found 
 in the will of William Skayl, made in 1327, which mentions it as 
 " Capella be Virg' Marie." It was probably either built or con- 
 siderably enlarged about that time, as it is described in a licence, 
 granted by Archbishop de Melton to the Prior and brethren of the 
 Order of Knights Templars of North Ferriby, in the month of De- 
 cember, 1333, as being then newly built. The object of this license 
 was to sanction the celebration of Divine worship in the Chapel, 
 and the rites of sepulture in the Chapel and its yard, on account of 
 its being about five miles distant from the parish Church at North 
 Ferriby, and the difficulty and hazard of going to the latter place 
 from Hull, especially in the winter season. From this document it 
 is clear that the Chapel originally stood in the parish of North 
 Ferriby, and that it was built for the use of the parishioners occa- 
 sionally resident at Hull. "It is not known when, or by what 
 means the separation of the Chapel of St. Mary, and the district 
 now called St. Mary's parish, from the parish of North Ferriby, was 
 effected (says Mr. Frost), and there are many circumstances which 
 favour the belief that no formal separation ever did take place; the 
 earliest notice of St. Mary's as a distinct parish is in the Act of 
 Resumption, of the 7th and 8th of Edward IV., wherein a house, 
 formerly belonging to the Earl of Northumberland, is described ' as 
 an house in Kyngeston-upon-Hull, in the parish of Oure Lady."' 
 
 Hadley tells us that in 1518 the west end of this building " fell 
 entirely down," and that Henry VIII., in 1540, "pulled down the 
 body of the Church and steeple to the ground, as it intercepted his 
 view from the palace ; and converted the stone and materials to the 
 enlargement and walling thereof, and to the use of the Blockhouses, 
 so that there was nothing left standing but the chancel, which was 
 saved by great entreaty of the town." Tickell does not notice the 
 falling of the west end in 1518, but he states that in 1540 the greater 
 part of the edifice was demolished by order of the King, " because 
 it stood over against his Manor Hall, where he resided, and ob- 
 structed his prospect;" and that nothing was left standing but the 
 chancel. He, like Hadley, goes even further than this, and asserts 
 that the King " was with difficulty prevailed upon to spare even 
 that." Henry (he adds) " seems to have had a double view in this,
 
 382 HISTOEY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 for by removing the Church and steeple he was enabled considerably 
 to enlarge his Manor Hall, to which this Church stood nearly conti- 
 guous ; for which purpose he converted part of the materials, and 
 with the remainder he finished the Blockhouses on the Garrison 
 side of the town, which he then caused to be erected for the defence 
 of the town." 
 
 Dr. Chambers, too, in his MS. History of Hull, states that the 
 west end of St. Mary's Church fell down in 1518.- " This fact (says 
 Frost), coupled with the subsequent removal of the ruins and as- 
 sumption of the site by Henry VIII., may probably account for the 
 tradition handed down by Tickell." 
 
 So, it is by no means certain that the nave of the Church was 
 destroyed by order of the first monarch of England that bore the 
 title of " Defender of the Faith."f 
 
 The chaucel having been left, was converted into a Church, and 
 
 * In his list of Mayors, Dr. Chambers has simply written in parenthesis, opposite 
 the name of the Mayor in 1518 (Eobert Hampson) "St. Mary Church, west end 
 fell." Mr John Bichardson, Saville-street, possesses a copy of that rare and inter- 
 esting MS. work, in two small vols., viz., Chambers's Annals of Hull (See p. 359.) 
 It formerly belonged to the late John Crosse, Esq. Mr. William Darling, seed crusher, 
 High-street, Hull, is great-great grandson to Dr. Chambers. 
 
 + The walls of the North Blockhouse, taken down in 1802 (See p. 272), contained 
 sculptured stones of an ecclesiastical edifice, many of which were used for kerb-stones 
 and other purposes in constructing Great Union-street. Several of these stones are 
 now in the gardens of Mr. J. Oldham, at Hull, and of Mr. W. H. Huffam, Hessle. In 
 making the excavations between the harbour and Victoria Deck, in 1850, a sculptured 
 stone was dug up from the foundation of an old wall which formed part of the for- 
 tification of Hull from the North Blockhouse to the Castle. This stone, which is 
 now in the Museum of the Literary and Philosophical Society of the town, is supposed 
 to have been removed among the debris of St. Mary's Church, after the destruction of 
 its tower and west end. 
 
 The building used as a Magazine on the north-east side of the Citadel was de- 
 molished last year (1863), when the stone forming the large pillars and arches of the 
 entrance passage both on the inner and outer sides, was found to have belonged to 
 an ecclesiastical edifice (probably the Church of St. Mary), and many stones of a 
 similar kind were found mixed with the rubble that covered the brick work of the 
 arched top of the building. Mr. E. Haswell, the builder of the new schools of Dry- 
 pool, purchased this stone, and has just worked it up in the stone portions of the 
 school-building. The stone, which appears to have been brought from the Eoche 
 Abbey quarries, is of the most beautiful description, and the sculptured sides, which, 
 in the building of the Magazine, had been turned inwards, and were, therefore, not 
 exposed to the action of the weather, were quite perfect. It is consoling to know 
 that at least some of the material of an ancient Church has again been restored to> 
 something approaching the original purpose to which it was applied.
 
 HISTORY OF KINOSTON-UPON-HULL. 383 
 
 " in this forlorn state it continued (writes Tickell) until about the 
 30th year of Queen Elizabeth (1588), when a considerable addition 
 (three intercolumniations) was made to the east end of it." The 
 new work is observable from the difference of the architecture, the 
 arches of it being much lighter than those of the more ancient part. 
 
 " For more than a century after this (adds Tickell) it continued 
 without a steeple; but in the year 1G96 the foundation of the pre- 
 sent steeple was laid, and finished at a considerable charge to the 
 inhabitants, the following year." And again, he says, " On laying 
 the foundation of the steeple, the foundations of the old Church were 
 found to run quite across the street under the manor walls ; and a 
 vast quantity of human bones were dug up." Several years ago, 
 when the main sewer from the Old (now Queen's) Dock to the Ferry- 
 boat landing was in course of construction, a raft of timber, lying 
 horizontally, some 14 or 15 feet deep, was met with and cut through, 
 in Low-gate, opposite the west end of the Church, and this raft 
 doubtless formed the foundation of a portion of the building now no 
 more.* In 1826 the building underwent a thorough repair, when 
 the modern windows, which had been inserted in the tower, were 
 taken out, and windows substituted which were more in keeping 
 with the style of the Church. 
 
 During the past three years the whole fabric, which had become 
 miserably dilapidated, has undergone a thorough restoration ; and 
 
 » There appears to be no doubt that this Church (which is said to have had a cen- 
 tral tower, and to have been scarcely inferior in size to the Church of the Holy Trinity) 
 extended a considerable distance to the westward of the present tower; but it is some- 
 what remarkable that the oldest plan of the town— one of those already alluded to at 
 page 51— made before the fortifications on the east side of the river were built, ex- 
 hibits the Church, with its tower standing, on the east side of Low-gate, with the 
 Manor-palace nearly opposite it, on the west side of the street. This anomaly cannot 
 now be satisfactorily accounted for ; but the probability is (and here we adopt a sug- 
 gestion of the Ex-Town Clerk of Hull, T. Thompson, Esq.) that when the Church 
 stood in all its ancient beauty and perfection, the street now called Low-gate inclined 
 a little to the eastward, and passed by the east end of the building. This detour might 
 have commenced near the north end of the present Market-place, and finished about 
 the end of George-yard, nearly opposite the great gate of the palace, where the street 
 now grows narrow (See p. 51.) This supposition appears to be strengthened by two 
 facts, viz., that at the period in question, the Church did not extend so far eastward 
 by three bays as it does now; and that an ancient open way round the east end of the 
 edifice yet exists. Mr. Thompson also suggested that in earlier times the Church 
 might have formed the division between High and Low Marget-gates (See p. 321.;
 
 384 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 
 
 what remained of the ancient and venerahle structure has heen 
 transformed from a dingy unprepossessing pile, most unattractive 
 externally and internally, and almost uniformly inelegant ; into a 
 fitting Temple for the worship of the Most High, as well as into 
 one of the greatest ornaments to the town. Before this restoration 
 the building was composed of a nave, north and south aisles, a very 
 plain stone porch on the south side, a plain compo-cased tower, 
 having an embattled parapet, and small pinnacles at the angles, 
 with a large unsightly but useful clock dial projecting over the 
 street; and a modern vestry — the whole battlemented. The in- 
 terior was disfigured by galleries round three sides of the building, 
 the organ being in the west end one ; and the level of the Church- 
 yard was several feet above that of the street. The edifice, as it 
 then stood, has had its walls externally faced with cut stone, and 
 the masonry throughout repaired and cleansed ; and in lieu of the 
 ugly galleries, an aisle has been added to the south side of the struc- 
 ture. On the same side a small but beautiful porch has been erected, 
 as well as an organ chamber and a vestry. The tower is in four 
 stages, in the lower one of which a foot pathway has been pierced 
 to accommodate the public, exhibiting two beautiful recessed arches 
 with a stone groined ceiling, having diagonal ribs finished with 
 carved bosses. A new entrance to the nave has been made here. 
 On the north and south sides of the second stage are niches, with 
 canopies of rich tabernacle work, and pedestals for statues. There 
 is a three-light Perpendicular window in the west face of this story, 
 but the windows of the two upper stages are of two lights each, and 
 in the Decorated style. The parapet of the tower is ornamental, 
 and the height to the top of the spires at the angles is 106 feet. 
 The vanes on these spires reach five feet higher. The old tower 
 was only 74 feet in height, according to Tickell. 
 
 The buttresses of the south side of the Church (there are none 
 on the north side), as well as at the angles of the other portions of 
 the edifice, finish with elegant crocheted pinnacles, in the Perpen- 
 dicular style. The new south aisle is lighted by two four-light 
 windows (at the ends), two of three lights, and a double one of two 
 lights each in the side. One of the latter is a little taller than the 
 other. The porch and vestry occupy the other divisions. The
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 385 
 
 original south aisle has a three-light window at each end, and the 
 walls of the north aisle are pierced with seven three-light windows. 
 The clerestory of the nave is nearly all glass, there being no less 
 than twelve three-light windows on each side. The great east win- 
 dow is of seven lights, and all these windows, save the double one 
 above mentioned, are of the Perpendicular era. The door arches 
 are finely moulded ; the outer lines, like those of the whole of the 
 interior arches of the building, the great east window, and the win- 
 dows of the tower, ending in sculptured heads. The parapets are 
 plain. The new porch, which is an architectural gem, has per- 
 forated parapets, and the gable is ornamented with three crocheted 
 pinnacles, the centre one forming a light and elegant niche for a 
 statue. 
 
 The interior of the Church is now divided by three arcades of six 
 moulded arches each, springing from finely clustered pillars. The 
 nave roof, which was throughout of rough timber, with a flat plaster 
 ceiling, has had these timbers overlaid with pitch pine, moulded and 
 otherwise ornamented, and the whole now presents a substantial 
 and beautiful roof. The old aisle roofs have been cleaned and re- 
 paired. The roofs of the new aisle, organ recess, and vestry, are of 
 pitch pine, and of a very substantial and good character. The 
 tower arch, formerly blocked by the organ, but now open to the nave, 
 is a beautiful feature in the restored building. In the tower a gal- 
 lery, with a carved oak front, has been constructed for children. It 
 is approached by a winding stone stairs. Two bays at the east end 
 of the nave are appropriated as a chancel, and enclosed at the sides 
 by ornamental metal screens, painted in colours. The chancel floor, 
 which is raised above that of the other parts of the building, is paved 
 with encaustic glazed tiles, of good design and colours. The great 
 seven-light east window is said to have formerly contained, in stained 
 glass, the armorial bearings of the Earl of Salisbury, Lord (Notting- 
 ham, Percy, Earl of Northumberland, De la Pole, of Wingfield, St. 
 George, and France and England. The tyro in the beautiful sci- 
 ence of architecture will perceive at a glance that this noble window 
 is not proportionate to the present Church, and that it must have 
 belonged to a much larger building. He would also observe that 
 the three easternmost arches on each side of the nave are much 
 
 3 d
 
 386 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 lighter in character than the others, and must have been conveyed 
 hither from elsewhere. The cover of the Communion-table is of 
 rich Utrecht velvet with a gloss silk monogram. The kneeling 
 etools for the sanctuary were worked by Lady Cooper and the 
 Misses Cooper — the woodwork being the gift of the Sev. A. H. 
 Cooper, his sisters, and cousins. The reredos, which is of Caen 
 etone, is in seven compartments, ending in crccketed Snialo, the 
 whole of beautiful design and workmanship. The carving is well 
 studied, and finely executed. There is a wainscot three-seated 
 Bedilia on the north side of the sanctuary, below which are chancel 
 seats of good design. The lectern has been presented by the chil- 
 dren of the Incumbent in memory of their sister, Mrs. Taylor. It 
 is simple in design, yet at the same time in perfect agreement with 
 the architecture of the Church and with the unostentatious cha- 
 racter of the whole restoration. In the centre of the bock-board a 
 small brass table is inlaid with the inscription : — To the glory of 
 God, and in memory of a beloved sister, this lectern is dedicated by the 
 children of the Rev. John Scott, M.A. 
 
 The elegant pulpit, a memorial one, from the design of Mr. G. G. 
 Scott, is of wainscot cak, richly carved by an eminent sculptor in 
 London. It has six sides besides its doorway, at the angles are 
 carved pillars, on each side is a quatrefoil with foliage, &c, in relief, 
 and the octagonal base consists of carved pillars having the narrow 
 spaces between perforated with quatrefoils. In the foot of the base 
 are inserted three brass plates, two of which bear this inscription : — 
 " In affectionate remembrance of Thomas Loft, died 17 September, 
 1852 ; Rachel Ann Loft, died 2 July, 1862. John- Gleadow Fearne, 
 died 8 May, 1860." This pulpit is presented by Mary Jane Dossor, 
 Eliza Fearne, and John Loft. Advent Sunday, 1068." The third 
 plate contains the 25th and 26th verses of the 11th chapter of St. 
 John's Gospel — " I am the Resurrection and the life, dc. The two 
 ladies mentioned in the inscription are sisters to Mr. Loft. 
 
 The oak seating of the Church is simple and substantial, but 
 elegant, and a great improvement on the old high-backed pews. 
 The passages are laid in black and red tiles, in various patterns. 
 
 In a recess at the east end of the new aisle stands the organ. 
 This instrument, which was first erected in 1715, was built by
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UFON-HULL. 387 
 
 Snetzler, and paid for by a subscription among the friends of a Mr. 
 Justice, who was an unsuccessful candidate for the situation of 
 organist at Holy Trinity Church. It has always borne a high cha- 
 racter for the sweetness of the tones of its diapasons, and the ex- 
 cellent quality of the trumpet stop. On account of the position 
 assigned to the organ it became necessary to entirely rebuild it, and 
 Messrs. Forster and Andrews were commissioned to carry out tha 
 work. The instrument has been enclosed in a new oak case, with 
 bold projecting panels. On the impost moulding stand the lower 
 notes of the large open diapason and tenoroon, made of a peculiarly 
 fine quality of metal, technically termed " spotted." These pipes 
 are enclosed by an ornamental band of wrought-iron, supported by 
 iron standards, and form the upper part of the case. The original 
 front gilded pipes stand in a symmetrical row behind the new ones. 
 The whole front has been very elegantly and chastely decorated. 
 The interior of the organ is mostly new, the fine old pipe3 being tha 
 only part preserved. The sound boards are now capable of contain- 
 ing sufficient additional stops to render the instrument, when com- 
 plete, second to none in the town. At present the only additions 
 to the stops of the old organ are a new large open diapason, and c, 
 new tenoroon. These have aided to form the new spotted metal 
 front pipes. 
 
 The nave and old aisles are lighted from pipe3 carried on the 
 string course over the nave arches. The new aisle is lighted by 
 four beautiful coronas from the ceiling. The vestry is behind the 
 organ chamber, and has a window of four light3 at the south end, 
 and two triple-light windows on the west. From the ceiling hangs 
 a corona. The tower contains a peal of six bells, first hung there 
 in 1727. The tenor bell weighs 14 cwt., and bears the following 
 inscription : — 
 
 " When first we draw our vital breath, 
 We enter into living death ; 
 When souls are from those bodies torn, 
 'Tis not to die, but to be born." 
 
 A new and elegant Caen stone font, sculptured by Mr. T. Frith, 
 is octagon shaped, the sides being charged with quatrefoils contain- 
 ing the ark, dove, sacred monogram, and cross, alternated with 
 foliage. The base of the bowl is rich in sculpture, and the stem is
 
 388 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 composed of a series of crocketed arches terminating in finials. 
 The old font has been placed in the Churchyard. 
 
 Two lights of the double window on the south side have been 
 filled with painted glass, elaborately and artistically executed by 
 Messrs. Clayton and Bell, London. The subject is Our Saviour, 
 elegantly robed, addressing Martha and Mary (St. Luke x., v. xlii.), 
 and across the bottom of both lights is this inscription : — " In 
 memory of Mary Moor, ivho died January xx., MDCCCLXIII." 
 This was presented by the brother and sister of the deceased. 
 
 In addition to the restoration and enlargement of the Church, the 
 adjoining graveyard has been, for sanitary reasons, as well as for 
 general improvement, lowered to the level of the street; the grave- 
 stones relaid, horizontally, with a space in the centre planted with 
 shrubs : the gloomy old wall and wooden door which enclosed it, 
 removed, and neat iron gates and palisades substituted. To widen 
 the footway through the tower, as well as the ancient passage on 
 the south side, a portion of the graveyard has been thrown into the 
 street. These improvements have been carried out with the assist- 
 ance of the Local Board of Health, at whose instance they were 
 effected. 
 
 The designs for the restoration, &c, were by George Gilbert 
 Scott, Esq., F.S.A., architect (cousin to the Incumbent); the Clerk 
 of the Works was Mr. William Sissons ; Messrs. Simpson and Ma- 
 lone were the contractors for the stone work ; and Mr. Jethro T. 
 Piobinson for the wood work. The elegant stone carving of the 
 building was executed by Mr. Thomas Frith. 
 
 The cost of the restoration was above £8,000. The work was ori- 
 ginated and carried out, and the subscriptions were nearly* all raised 
 by the Reverend, the Incumbent of the parish — who rendered him- 
 self personally liable for the whole of the expenses. The beautifully 
 renovated structure is however a lasting monument of that gentle- 
 man's great and untiring zeal and perseverance. It is to be re- 
 
 * When all was completed except the upper part of the tower, the Mayor, in com- 
 pliance with a numerously signed requisition, convened a public meeting of the in- 
 habitants, which was held in the Sessions Court, last June, for the purpose of taking 
 into consideration the best means of raising funds for the completion of the tower. 
 A special subscription for this purpose was then resolved upon and opened, and the 
 work was finished in the early part of the present year (1864.)
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 389 
 
 grettecl that about £1,000. have yet to be collected ; about half that 
 sum being for finishing the tower. But as the town at large owe 
 a debt of gratitude to the Rev. Mr. Scott, who has, as just stated, 
 made himself responsible for everything in connexion with this im- 
 portant undertaking ; there can be but little cause to fear that its 
 wealthy inhabitants will soon enable him to liquidate the debt. 
 
 Above the north door is a handsome alabaster monument in memory of William 
 Dobson, Esq., mercbant-adventurer, and twice Mayor of Hull, who died in 1616, and 
 was buried in tbe north aisle. The monument, which contains a bust of the deceased, 
 and includes in its composition sculls, pillars, shields of arms, and a Latin inscrip- 
 tion, has been restored at the cost of Christopher Sykes, Esq., of Sledmere, the de- 
 ceased having been an ancestor of the late Lady Sykes. 
 
 Over the south door is an elegant memorial of the Eev. John Scott, M.A., upwards 
 of 30 years Vicar of North Ferriby, and 18 years Minister of this Church. He died 
 on the 1 Oth of October, 1834, and was interred here in a vault within the Communion 
 rails. He was a man of the highest attainments and solidity of intellect; and in 1835 
 this monument was erected by subscription. It is of white marble, and in the centre 
 is a basso-relievo likeness of the deceased, encircled by palm branches. Surrounding 
 this is a crown of glory, unfolded by the removal of drapery on one side. In one 
 corner is a prayer book and the Communion vessels. Underneath is an affectionate 
 inscription. The sculptor was Mr. T. Loft, then of Hull. 
 
 Near to this, in the west wall, is a tablet inscribed to Sir Samuel Standidge, Knt, 
 whs died in 1801, aged 75 ; and also to the Thornton family of Hull. Against the 
 same wall is a tablet to John Bannister, who died in 1840. In the tower are memo- 
 rials of the Revds. Isaac Thompson and John Barker, Ministers of this Church, who 
 died, the former in 1745, and the latter in 1816 ; of Benjamin Blaydes, who died in 
 1771 ; W. Bolton, surgeon, who died in 1784; Mrs. Hannah Haworth, who died in 
 1796; and of members of the Hodgson, Kay, Dani, Thompson, Fawsitt, &c, families. 
 There is a curious sepulchral brass in the Church, inscribed to John Haryson, who 
 was Mayor of Hull in 1537, and died in 1545. This brass has recently been cleaned, 
 and is in excellent preservation. There is a cast of it in the Museum of the Koyal 
 Institution. 
 
 The ceremony of re-opening the Church took place on Thursday, 
 the 27th of August, 1863, his Grace the Archbishop of York 
 preaching on the occasion. The congregation was a brilliant one, 
 and included the Corporations of the borough and the Trinity House 
 (in state), and the elite of the town and neighbourhood. At the 
 evening service on the same day the sermon was preached by the 
 Lord Bishop of Melbourne. 
 
 The memorial pulpit was used for the first time on Sunday, the 
 29th of November, when the Rev. Incumbent of the parish preached 
 the first sermon from it, and the Rev. H. W. Kemp, the second. 
 Both discourses were beautiful and appropriate ; and we heartily
 
 390 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 respond to the sentiment conveyed in the concluding observation of 
 the Rev. Mr. Kemp :— " When the exquisite tower (said he), which 
 is now rearing its head, so conspicuous an ornament of our town, 
 shall be completed, a grand result will have been achieved, for which 
 future generations will honour the name of Scott, both architect 
 and clergyman." 
 
 The new painted window and the new font were first seen in their 
 places on the same day. 
 
 Before the change in religion there was a considerable number of 
 Chantries connected with this Church. The historians mention 
 those founded by Richard Putfra, merchant, in 1337 ; Geoffrey Thur- 
 cross, in 1520 ; Bernard Adrianson, John Langton, R. Doughty, 
 Edmund Riddell, and John Harrison, between the years 1503 and 
 1525 ; and John Aldwick. Hadley has no doubt that many more 
 Chantries existed in the Church ; and he mentions Robert Holm 
 (Mayor in 1419, and twice after), who, " having given all the lead 
 for covering the conduit in the Market-place, the Corporation out of 
 respect to him as a benefactor, ordered that the Chamberlains should 
 provide a perpetual dirge and obit, by twelve priests and a clerk, for 
 his soul, in this Church." 
 
 The Living of St. Mary's is a Perpetual Curacy, in the patronage 
 of Abel Smith, Esq., M.P., and incumbency of the Rev. John Scott, 
 M.A. Curate, Rev. James H. White. There is no Parsonage 
 House. There is a cemetery belonging to the parish, at the end 
 of Trippet-street, but it is closed for burials. 
 
 Deypool Church (St. Peter). — A faculty having been granted 
 by the Archbishop of York for taking down and rebuilding St. 
 Peter's Church, Drypool (which had long been in a dilapidated con- 
 dition, the workmen commenced their operations on the 15th of 
 April, 1822 — the then Incumbent being the Rev. Henry Venn, the 
 present Secretary to the Church Missionary Society. No document 
 is known to be extant respecting the date or foundation of the old 
 building, but from a plate of it hung in the vestry of the present 
 edifice, it appeared to have been erected about the time of Edward I. 
 It had Decorated windows, a Norman doorway, and a low massive 
 tower. When taken down fragments of monuments and carved 
 stones, as old as the twelfth century, were found worked in the
 
 HISTORY OF KJNGST0N-TJP0N-HULL. 301 
 
 walls. The cost of the re-erection was defrayed by subscription, 
 aided by a grant of £500. from the Church Building Society. 
 
 The Church is composed of an oblong body with an apse at the 
 east, and a tower at the west end — all covered with compo. The 
 latter appendage is in three stages, and finishes with a plain parapet 
 and small pinnacles, and vanes at the angles. It contains three 
 good bells, and a clock with four dials. The clock was put up by 
 subscription in 1848, at a cost of £183. The angles of the Church 
 are buttressed, but the sides are not. In the apse is a lofty pointed 
 window of two lights, with a transom ; in each side of the body of 
 the building are three similar windows, a doorway, and above it a 
 two-light window. The tracery in the tops of these windows is 
 Sowing, hut the windows of the tower are of Perpendicular cha- 
 racter. A stone cross crowns the east gable. The interior is neat, 
 and has galleries on three sides of it supported by wooden columns 
 formed by the union of four slender cylinders. The organ gallery 
 is in the apse, and the lower portion of the tower is used as a vestry. 
 The whole of pews, the gallery, and the pulpit, are painted oak 
 colour. The font is a stone vase on a stone base. The ceiling i3 
 flat, with large transverse beams, all lime-washed.* 
 
 On the walls are marble memorials inscribed to Edward Gibson, Esq., J.P. (aged 
 71), and Isabella, bis wife, both of whom died in 1859, and are buried at Hornsea; 
 and to members of the families of Newton, Scurr, Cook, Wood, Clay, and Cobb ; also 
 a marble scroll partly unfolded and inscribed to Abraham Wade, Esq., who died at 
 Hornsea in 1853 (and his wife and son) ; and a memoiial of the Rev. John Foster, 30 
 years Minister of this Church (nine of them as Incumbent), who died in 1819 aged 73. 
 
 The Living is a Perpetual Curacy, in the patronage of the Trus- 
 tees of the late Rev. Charles Simeon. The present Incumbent, 
 the Rev. John Ellam, was appointed in October, 1863, the late 
 pastor, the Rev. Charles Campe, having accepted the incumbency 
 of Christ Church, Maida Hill, London. The Curate is the Rev. 
 David Medcalf, M.A. 
 
 A portion of the burial ground adjoining the Church has been 
 taken for the entrance to the Victoria Dock. The Drypool and 
 
 * Formerly this Church was a parochial Chapel attached to the parish Church of 
 Swine, but after the Parliamentary Survey in the time of the Commonwealth, it was 
 stated that it had been four years and a half without a Minister, when it was recom- 
 mended to separate it from Swine, that village being five miles distant.
 
 892 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Southcoates Cemetery, situated on the Hedon road, was purchased by 
 the parishioners about twelve years ago, at a cost of £1,800. The 
 site has been thoroughly drained, and raised five feet above the 
 adjoining district. There is a neat Chapel there for the performance 
 of the burial ceremony. 
 
 The Parsonage House, on the Holderness road, is a commodious 
 residence, with a good garden. The old Parsonage, in Dansom- 
 lane, was sold a few years ago, and with the proceeds and some 
 contributions, the present one was purchased in 1800. 
 
 The population of Drypool is rapidly increasing; and the site of 
 the Citadel (hitherto deemed extra-parochial), now about to be built 
 upon, will probably be added to it. (For a note on Drypool parish 
 see page 327.^ 
 
 Sculcoates Church (St. Mary). — This edifice is situated in Air- 
 street, near the bank of the river Hull, in the old village of Scul- 
 coates, nearly two miles from the Market-place of Hull. The old 
 parish Church of Sculcoates was a very ancient structure, and the 
 present building was raised on its site in 1760-61. It is in the 
 debased Gothic style of the tasteless period of its erection, and is 
 entirely cased in compo. It consists of a nave, side aisles, chancel, 
 west tower, south porch, and vestry. The latter is in the north- 
 east angle of the building. The tower is in four stages, and has 
 pinnacles and vanes at the angles. It contains two bells. The 
 east window is a good modern one, but the other windows of the 
 Church are nondescripts, consisting of three lights each at the 
 bottom, and above them two-light ones, having the appearance at a 
 short distance of transomed windows. The interior is neat and 
 comfortable. The chancel arch, formerly a round one, was, in 1861, 
 converted into a plain pointed one ; and the chancel was then re- 
 roofed. During the past year (1863) the nave and aisles have been 
 re-roofed, and the stained and polished timber of these open roofs is 
 a wonderful improvement upon the former plaster ceilings. The 
 expense was defrayed by a Church rate. The architect for the 
 improvement was Mr. Botterill, and Mr. C. E. Morehead, builder, 
 executed the work of the nave and aisles. The cost of this was 
 about £320. The nave is divided from each of the aisles by four 
 plain pointed arches, resting on circular columns, painted to re- '
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 393 
 
 semble granite; and above each arch is a large open quatrefoil. 
 At the west end is a semi-circular gallery, npatly panelled, which 
 was erected in 1827. A sweet-toned organ, of seven stops, stands 
 on this gallery. It was built by Forster and Andrews, in 1848, 
 and its case is of solid oak. The pulpit and reading desk, on either 
 side of the chancel arch, are plain, but there is a neat lectern in the 
 chancel. The Communion-table is composed of a fine slab of white 
 marble, resting on a plain frame of wood. The font, which is large 
 and of an oval form, is of fine shell marble, and stands on a pedestal 
 of veined marble. 
 
 The windows are glazed with Cathedral glass, having coloured 
 borders. In the early part of the year 1863, the east window was 
 filled with rich stained glass, at the cost of G. V. Wigelsworth, 
 Esq. The subject of the three principal divisions is the Crucifixion. 
 The centre light exhibits the dying Redeemer, with two cherubs 
 ministering unto him ; one of the other compartments has figures 
 of the three Marys ; and in the third light are St. John, the Roman 
 centurion, and a soldier. At the bottom of the window is the in- 
 scription : — " Behold the Lamb of God which taketh away the sins 
 of the world." At the top of the centre light is an angel holding a 
 scroll inscribed, "Holy, Holy, Holy." In the quatrefoils in the 
 head of the window are figures of the sacred Lamb, angels with 
 scrolls, and the Alpha and Omega. The design is mediaeval. 
 
 The mural monuments are numerous and generally handsome, and some of the 
 most elegant of them are by Earle. One of the latter class is inscribed to Charles 
 Bamford, Esq., who died in 1860, aged 68, and other members ©f that family; and 
 another to Mrs. C. Bamford, who died in 1843, aged 56. There are handsome me- 
 morials also of Thomas Biddell, Esq., deceased in 1810; John Young, who died in 
 1835, aged 75; Mr. Thomas Harrison Marshall, who died in 1839, aged 50; William 
 V. Norman, merchant, who died in 1861 ; W. Corlass, merchant, who died in 1812, 
 aged 66; Alderman Joseph Egginton, who departed this life in 1830, aged 67; John 
 Good, Esq., deceased in 1838, aged 75; Gardiner Egginton, Esq., who died in 1832, 
 aged 70; William West, jun., who died in 1847, aged 47; Capt. Eichard Collinson, 
 who, after the loss of his ship at Cape Breton, perished in the neighbouring woods 
 in 1823, in his 30th year; Mr. William Lambert, who died in 1789, aged 85 ; Pearson 
 Fox, who died in 1833, aged 57; and to John Holmes, Esq., who died in 1860, in his 
 90th year. There is a very neat monument by Keyworth, representing a " Bcok of 
 Bemembrance " of members of the Harrison family. There are likewise tablets to 
 members of the families of Parker, Eobinson, Hillary, West, Blaydes, Shipman, 
 Biddell, Wheelhouse, Taylor, Wood, Brooks, &c. In the Chancel is a tablet to 
 Mrs. Bichardson, who died in 1793, aged 38. It bears the following lines of choice 
 Latin : — 
 
 3 E
 
 394 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 " carissima mulierum ! Optima usorum ! 
 Quantum amata, quantum amabilis olim, 
 
 Nihil juvat! 
 
 Nunc pulvis es ; pulvis etiam erit, qui te, 
 
 Vivam avdenter amavit 
 
 Et mortuam acerbe deplorat: 
 
 Non sine spe resurgendi tecum 
 
 Vita amore, felicitate, ad fruendum, 
 
 Nova, et sempitema." 
 
 Against the wall of the north aisle is an inscription in short hand, which, when trans- 
 lated, reads thus : — " In a vault beneath this stone lies the body of Mrs. Jane Dela- 
 moth, who departed this life 10th January, 1761. She was a poor sinner, but not 
 wicked without holiness, departing from good works, and departed in the Faith of 
 the Catholic Church, in full assurance of eternal happiness, by the agony and bloody 
 sweat, by the cross and passion, by the precious death and burial, by the glorious 
 resurrection and ascension of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, Amen." 
 
 In the flagged pathway to the porch of the Church is the gravestone of the Rev. 
 Richard Patrick, 21 years Vicar of this parish, who died February 0th, 1815, in his 
 47th year. During his life time he erected a plain monument near the spot. It is 
 composed of sculptured and inscribed stones, which were found, some in the walls of 
 the second bastion of the Hull Citadel, and some in the walls near the North Bridge, 
 in 1808, as already noticed at page 265. The fragments of the stones were inscribed — 
 1. Hie jacet Johannes Coltingham frater, requiescat. Amen. 2. Venerabilis pater domin- 
 icus Radulphus Xo. Augusti A.D. 3. Requiescat in pace. 4. Ricardus. 5. Johs. 6. 
 Frater .... 7. Hie Jacet quondam medietatis a domo MCCCCLIII. Amen. 8. 
 Hie jacet frater Jacobus Beauyogholm qui .... propicielur Deus. Amen. 9. 
 In more ancient letter, one word alone remains, Tercius. The cross is flowered, and 
 resembles the ancient mace of a Mayor. 10. The words Abbas . . . sit in the 
 early Gothic. 
 
 There is an old Register in this Church of the date of 1571. 
 The Churchyard is closed for interments ; but a short distance from 
 the Church is the parish burial ground, which was opened for in- 
 terments on the 2nd of January, 1818. It contains three acres of 
 ground, and is surrounded by trees and a brick wall. In the centre 
 of it is a neat Chapel, in the Pointed style of architecture, wherein 
 the burial service is performed. The ceiling is coved, and on it is 
 a painting representing the heavens, with groups of seraphic and 
 cherubic figures; and all round the top of the walls is a line of 58 
 heads or masks. On the walls of the building are several marble 
 memorial tablets. The expense of opening this place of burial, 
 about £4,000., was raised by a rate levied on the parishioners. 
 
 The Living was an ancient Rectory, in the patronage of Lord 
 Grey of Rotherfield. In 1381 it was given to the Prior and 
 brethren of the Carthusian Monastery, "Juxta Kingston-super-
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 395 
 
 Hull," and at the same time Alexander Archbishop of York or- 
 dained in this Church a " perpetual Vicar, presentable by the Prior 
 and brethren." The benefice is now a Discharged Vicarage, in the 
 patronage of the Crown. The present Vicar is the Rev. William 
 Preston, M.A. (Rector of Bulmer) ; and the officiating Curate is the 
 Rev. Thomas Scott Bonnin, B.A. Parish glebe lands yield £25. 
 a year. (For a note on Sculcoates see page 299). 
 
 St. John's Church. — This edifice, which stands near the street 
 to which it gives name, was founded by the Rev. Thomas Dykes, 
 L.L.B., the first Incumbent. 
 
 The venerable founder of this Church was horn at Ipswich, in 1761 , and when a very 
 young man he visited Hull for the purpose of consulting the Kev. J. Milner (after- 
 wards an historian of the Church) on the subject of his future career. He appears 
 to have resolved then to enter the ministry, for he remained in Hull preparing himself 
 for the University, under the instruction of the Rev. E. Garwood, at that time Curate 
 of St. Mary's, and afterwards Vicar of Hessle. In 1785 he entered Magdalen College, 
 Cambridge, and in December, 1788, he was ordained to the Curacy of Cottingbam, 
 during the temporary absence of the Vicar of that place. The following year he be- 
 came Curate of Barwick-in-Elniet, to which he was ordained priest. A maiden aunt 
 having at her death bequeathed her property to Mr. Dykes, he had a considerable 
 sum at his immediate disposal, " and (writes his biographer, the Kev. John King) 
 " the question suggested itself how he might best use this property for the promotion 
 of God's glory, without depriving himself of the means of subsistence, which it was 
 reasonable that he should derive from it ." He resolved upon building a Church of 
 Ease in the parish of Holy Trinity, Hull, where at the time the want of Church room 
 was very great — the trade of the port having increased prodigiously during the ten 
 years which had elapsed since the opening of the first dock. Permission having been 
 readily obtained from the Vicar (Dr. Clarke, brother-in-law of the late venerable Wil- 
 berforce), and after some time from the Archbishop and the patrons (the Corporation), 
 the building was commenced in October, 1790. On the occasion of Mr. Dykess en- 
 tering his 80th year (21st Dec, 1840), the people of Hull paid him a high compliment. 
 At a preliminary meeting it was resolved to found a Scholarship at either of the Uni- 
 versities of Oxford or Cambridge, to be called " Dykes Scholarship," and to give his own 
 descendants the preference when candidates. The sum of .£1,000. was raised by 
 general subscription of the inhabitants with which to endow this Scholarship. It was 
 further resolved that a public breakfast should be given to him in the Public Rooms, 
 on which occasion the trust-deed of the Scholarship was to be presented to him. More 
 than 400, many of them persons of the greatest influence, attended this meeting, and 
 rejoiced in the opportunity of uniting to pay homage to the virtues of this aged 
 Minister of the Gospel. Avison Terry, Esq., who was the oldest surviving friend of 
 Mr. Dykes, was the chairman of this memorable assembly, and he, in the course of an 
 appropriate speech, presented him with a copy of the Resolutions adopted at the 
 before-mentioned meeting, and with a draft of the trust-deed. In the middle of the 
 year 1847, having been 56 years Incumbent of St. John's (he was also Vicar of North 
 Ferriby, and Master of the Hull Charter House), this venerable clergyman, then in 
 his 86th year, and weighed down by infirmity, took up his temporary abode with his
 
 390 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 friend Avison Terry, Esq., at Newland ; and there he breathed his last on the 23rd of 
 August, in the same year. All classes in the town immediately exhibited unusual 
 signs of sorrow, and his funeral had no parallel for several years. 
 
 For further particulars see " Memoir of the Eev. Thomas Dykes, LL.B." by the 
 Eev. John King, Incumbent of Christ Church, Hull. — Seeleys, London. This is an 
 octavo volume, and contains likewise a number of sermons by the Eev. Mr. Dykes, 
 edited by the Eev. \V. Knight, Incumbent of St. James's Church, Hull. 
 
 It was difficult to get a good foundation for the edifice, for the 
 grouud selected had been a part of the original fosse which fronted 
 the town wall. Great precaution, therefore, and no small expendi- 
 ture, was rendered necessary to secure the stability of the founda- 
 tion. On the 30th of August, 1791, the new Church was conse- 
 crated by Dr. Markham, Archbishop of York, but the building was 
 not completed until the spring of the year following. The cost of 
 the structure was about £4,600. ; but this sum was nearly all raised 
 by the sale of the pews. 
 
 In June, 1803, a faculty for altering the arrangement of, and en- 
 larging the Churcb, was obtained, and about 200 sittings were then 
 added to the building. The tower was then built, and the bell, 
 which, contrary to custom, had previously been placed in a small 
 belfry at the east end of the edifice, was removed to it. Then too 
 a small apse or recess was added to the east end, the lower part of 
 which was used as a vestry, and the upper as a singing gallery. 
 In 1815 an organ was placed in this gallery. In 1824 public at- 
 tention was turned to the subject of a new dock in this locality, 
 and the removal of the Church was seriously contemplated. The 
 dock was however excavated, but the Church was left undisturbed, 
 save that the foundations of the apse were shaken. In 1828, in 
 consequence of the injury sustained by the dock works, the apse 
 was re-erected and slightly enlarged. 
 
 In December, 1862, a Bazaar of fancy articles was held in the 
 Public Rooms, for the purpose of raising a fund for erecting a new 
 organ and making some internal improvements in the Church. 
 Subscriptions were subsequently raised, and in the latter part of 
 the last year (1863) the erection of a spacious chancel and a vestry 
 was begun, and now (February, 1864) is being completed. 
 
 St. John's is a plain edifice of red brick, with cut stone dressings, 
 in something like the Paladian style of architecture. The body is
 
 HISTORY OF TCINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 397 
 
 quadrilateral, and at its west end is the tower with a plain parapet, 
 and pyramidal pinnacles at the angles. In each of the side walls 
 of the body of the building are two tier of seven windows, the lower 
 tier being small, and the upper ones having semicircular heads. 
 The walls are topped by a stone cornice. The interior is neatly 
 and comfortably furnished to seat a larger number of worshippers 
 than any other place of worship in Hull. There is a gallery round 
 three sides of it, supported by Tuscan pillars, of wood, painted to 
 resemble polished granite. The font is a white marble vase, on a 
 square stone base. The ceiling is flat, painted, and ornamented. 
 The new chancel is 30 feet long and 34 feet wide, spanned by a 
 noble semicircular arch having a clear opening of 20 feet, and a 
 height of 32 feet, springing from two corbels supported by angels 
 bearing shields. The inner and outer sides of the arch are enriched 
 by mouldings and sunk panels, with pateros in alternate panels. 
 The side walls are lined with polished alabaster, up to the string 
 course. The roof is semi-octagonal in section, divided into panels by 
 moulded ribs, with carved bosses at the intersections, and the panels 
 are in plaster enriched by colour. The Communion railing and 
 reredos are very chaste in design. The chancel is separated from 
 the body of the Church by a dwarf wall of Ancaster stone, with en- 
 caustic tiles in the panels, which has a very good effect ; and the 
 risers of the steps and the floor are also inlaid with tiles of appro- 
 priate pattern. The chancel is lighted by gas standards of mediaeval 
 design, and is fitted up with oak stalls and seats to accommodate 
 nearly fifty persons, including the choir of singers. The organ, 
 which was built by Elliott, of London, in 1815, aud has some very 
 fine stops, is being rebuilt and enlarged by Messrs. Forster and 
 Andrews, of Hull, at a cost of upwards of £400. It will be placed 
 on the south side of the chancel, and partly chambered, so as not to 
 project more than 3 or 4 feet. The pipes are gilt and diapered. 
 
 The windows in the chancel contain 271 feet of stained glass of 
 the richest description, from the factory of Messrs. Heaton, Butler, 
 and Bayne, of London. The fine east window is 20 feet high by 
 14 wide; the north window is 12 feet high by 3J wide; and there 
 are two circular lights 3J feet in diameter. A marked feature in 
 the east and north windows is the great width of the lights, which
 
 398 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 has enabled the artists to treat the subjects in a bold and striking 
 manner — the figures being life size. The east window is of three 
 lights, and has in the centre and largest division, the Crucifixion, 
 presented by Robert Jameson, Esq., merchant, Hull, "as a thanks- 
 giving for many mercies received." The side lights are The Agony 
 in the Garden (the gift of Mr. William Smith, of Hull) and The 
 Descent from the Cross. The north window is The Ascension, pre- 
 sented by Mrs. Henry Garbutt, as a memorial of her parents and 
 brother, " John Hutchinson and Catherine his wife, also William 
 Bywell, their son." The tracery of the east window consists of three 
 circular lights, 3 feet 9 inches in diameter, the centre having The 
 Lamb of God; the others Adoring Angels. The small circular 
 windows will be filled with the Four Evangelists. Memorial win- 
 dows are also being erected in the body of the Church to Mr. John 
 Foster, late Belgian Consul, by his son Mr. J. W. Foster; to Mr. 
 Frederick Marston, surgeon, and Caroline Burton his daughter, by 
 his widow ; to Mr. T. B. Morley, and his son Mr. Thomas William 
 Morley (formerly a Churchwarden of St. John's), and Mary, wife of 
 the latter gentleman, by Miss Morley, daughter of the first-named 
 Mr. Morley; and to Mr. Robert Ash and Ann his wife, by their 
 daughter Mrs. James Baynes.* 
 
 The new pulpit, from the pencil of Mr. Brodrick, is of novel 
 design. It is of carved oak, in open work, having a pedestal of 
 polished veined alabaster, with sunk geometric ornaments and car- 
 ving ; the steps are of alabaster and red Mansfield stone ; and the 
 whole has an exceedingly chaste appearance. The reading desk is 
 of carved oak. 
 
 The estimated cost of the additions and alterations, exclusive of 
 the organ and stained glass, is about d£l,500. — which sum was 
 obtained chiefly by subscription, by the Rev. Incumbent of the 
 
 * The whole of the windows in the body of the Church (33 in number) are in- 
 tended to be used as memorial windows, and a plan has been prepared by Messrs. 
 Heaton, Butler, and Bayne, which promises when executed, to present a very rich 
 and handsome appearance. The lower windows on the south are devoted to an illus- 
 tration of the Miracles, those on the north to the Parables ; the gallery windows are 
 each divided into three subjects — the centre illustrating the Beatitudes on the north, 
 and the Acts of Mercy on the south, with Antitypes and Types from the old and new 
 Testament, in the upper and lower divisions.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UJTON-HULL. 399 
 
 Church. One of the principal promoters of the good work was the 
 Incumbent's active Churchwarden, Mr. James Baynes. Mr. Cuth- 
 bert Brodrick was the architect ; and the contractors were Messrs. 
 Simpson and Malone. The new chancel will be opened about 
 Easter, in the present year (1864). 
 
 It is in contemplation at a future day, to make a centre aisle in 
 this Church ; to remove the pews in the body of the building, and 
 to replace them with open benches ; and to reconstruct the roof so 
 as to make it harmonise with the Chancel. 
 
 The monuments on the walls are numerous, and in the vaults beneath the Church, 
 half, perhaps, of the magnates of Hull were buried for a period of about forty years. 
 A handsome monument, executed by Keyivorth, erected by subscription, to the memory 
 of the Keverend founder of this Church, stood near the Communion-table, but is to 
 be placed in a niche in the new chancel. The composition includes a bust (said to 
 be an excellent likeness) of Mr. Dykes. The inscription sets forth some of the good 
 pastor's virtues. The remains of Mr. and Mrs. Dykes are interred in a vault beneath 
 the old vestry. In the Chapel of the Charter House is another monument, by the 
 same artist, having a well executed medallion of the Rev. Mr. Dykes. 
 
 The tablets on the walls are in memory of certain members of the families of 
 Kirkbride, Dobson, Finch, Howard, Leigh, Cross, Hudson, Hall, Hustwick, Thornton, 
 Newbald, Turner, "Wright, Gibson, Middleton, Lutwidge, Knocker, Parker, Levett, 
 Cooper, Tealby, Osbourne, Voase, Bolton, and Hentig. 
 
 The Perpetual Curacy of St. John's is in the gift of the Vicar of 
 Holy Trinity parish. The Incumbent is the Rev. Henry William 
 Kemp, B.A., and at present the office of Curate is vacant. Mr. 
 Kemp is the author of a volume of thirty sermons, published in 1854, 
 in aid of the fund then being raised for the purchase of a Dissenting 
 Chapel in Nile-street, afterwards, for a time called St. Luke's 
 Church ; and a pamphlet, " Hopes and Warnings : a Religious 
 View of the Year 1861." The latter contains three addresses. 
 
 C hrist Church, John-street, Sculcoates. — The parish of Sculcoates 
 having considerably increased, it was, for several years, deemed 
 necessary to make some effort for the erection of a new Church, the 
 parish Church being then not only too small for the parish, but it was 
 situated more than a mile distant from the great majority of the 
 parishioners. At length a public meeting was held in the Mansion 
 House, on the 13th of October, 1814 (the Mayor, John Carrick, 
 Esq., in the chair), for promoting the erection of one. A subscrip- 
 tion list was then opened, when thirty ladies and gentlemen 
 put down their names for £100. each, and several for smaller
 
 400 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 sums. Amongst the £100. subscribers were the Rev. T. Dykes, 
 Avison Terry, Johu Terry, George Alder, J. Thompson, Joseph 
 Egginton, W. Jarratt, J. R. Pease, John Frost, S. King, H. Coates, 
 Johu Newbald, aud J. W. Hentig, Esqrs; and Mrs. John Sykes, 
 Mrs. Corn well, and Mrs. Thornton. An Act of Parliament for the 
 erection of the Church was soon obtained, but notwithstanding this, 
 owing to difficulties which then stood in the way of Church 
 building, nothing effectual was accomplished for some years. How- 
 ever, on the 28th of March, 1821, the first stone of Christ Church 
 was laid by Avison Terry, Esq., one of the chief promoters of the 
 building ; and the sacred edifice was consecrated on the 26th of 
 September, 1822, by the Archbishop of York.* The cost of the 
 erection, including the site (£786.), expenses of Act of Parliament 
 (£317.), amounted to about £8,000. The Church accommodated 
 above 1,200 persons, and was built of white stock brick with Roche 
 Abbey stone dressings. 
 
 During the past year the body of the Church was extended 16 
 feet eastwards, by which more than 300 sittings have been added 
 to it ; and the building was reopened by the Archbishop of York 
 (who preached on the occasion), on the 10th of September (1863), 
 just a fortnight after the same high dignitary had presided and 
 preached at the re-opening of St. Mary's, Church, Low-gate.f 
 
 Exteriorly the plan of the Church exhibits a nave, side aisles, 
 chancel, and west tower, though the interior shows no side aisles, 
 but (exclusive of the chancel) a large parallelogram, round three 
 sides of which are galleries. The tower contains one good bell and 
 a clock ; has four clock dials on the sides of its upper story ; and is 
 finished with a neat battlement and crocketed pinnacles. In its 
 west front is a good doorway, having in the spandrils two shields, 
 one containing the arms of the See of York, the other those of the 
 
 * On the occasion of the consecration, a procession, consisting of the Archbishop, 
 about twenty clergymen in their robes, the magistrates, subscribers, &c, set out from 
 the Sculcoates Sessions House for the Church. After service his Grace, with a select 
 party, partook of a cold collation at the house of the Mayor ; and in the evening the 
 Mayor and Aldermen entertained the Archbishop, the Wardens of Trinity House, 
 the Clergy, and others. 
 
 + In the afternoon the Archbishop held a levee in the Committee-room of the 
 Subscription Library, when a large number of his clergy were presented to him. 
 

 
 HISTORY OF KJNGST0N-UP0N-IIUXL. 401 
 
 late Archbishop Vernon. The sides of the Church are eacli in six 
 divisions containing three-light windows with transoms, and the east 
 window is of four lights. The windows are in the Perpendicular 
 style. The whole of the building is embattled ; and all the but- 
 tresses are surmounted with crocketed pinnacles. In the north- 
 east corner of the Church is the vestry, and there is a porch at the 
 south-east corner. The interior is very neatly furnished with single 
 seats ; the galleries are supported by small columns of oak, formed 
 by a union of four cylinders ; the fronts are panelled, and orna- 
 mented with appropriate inscriptions. The pulpit is very richly 
 carved, and the font is octagonal and of Caen stone. 
 
 Besides the extension of the building, several improvements have 
 been effected in the interior both decorative and architectural. The 
 present chancel, though not deep, is much larger than the former 
 one, and the entrance to it is a richly moulded arch, over which is 
 an ornamental scroll or ribbon, with the text. " The Lord is in 
 His holy temple, let all the earth keep silence before Him." A 
 new hammer beam roof has been built over the chancel, with orna- 
 mental spandrils, and carved angels at the termination of the ham- 
 mer beam, one holding the shield of faith and the other a cross. 
 The chancel window contains four lights crossed by a transom ; the 
 upper part is a memorial one, the beautiful stained glass in it having 
 been placed there in memory of the late Mr. Henry King (who died 
 in 1848, aged 69), by that gentleman's widow and children. The 
 subject is the Four Evangelists, and the stained glass is by Wailes. 
 The lower portion of this window — formerly blocked up by the ves- 
 try then behind — has been opened out and glazed ; and small win- 
 dows have been provided in the north and south sides of the chancel. 
 The memorial reredos, of Caen stone, is most exquisite both in de- 
 sign and workmanship. It occupies the entire space across tho 
 east wall of the chancel, and is divided into thirteen compartments, 
 with richly carved and crocketed canopies, supported upon red 
 marble columns. Ten of the compartments are occupied with the 
 Commandments ; two with the Lord's Prayer and Creed ; the centre, 
 which is larger than the others, bears the text, " As often as ye 
 eat," &c, and is surmounted by a cross. The spaces between the 
 canopies and walls are covered with tiles, having vine leaves and 
 
 3 F
 
 402 HISTOEY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 wheat ears thereon. The crocheting and other carved portions 
 represent the vine, wheat, passion flower, and roses. The lettering 
 is illuminated, and along the base of the reredos runs the inscrip- 
 tion : — " To the glory of God, and in memory of Margaret, the he- 
 loved wife of William Robinson King, ob. IV. Aug. MDCCCLXIH. 
 Mt. xlviii." New Communion rails of oak, with polished brass 
 spandrils, have been provided, and the floor of the chancel is inlaid 
 with encaustic tiles of a neat pattern. On either side, beneath the 
 chancel arch, are a reading and a prayer desk, and within the rails 
 are two carved chairs, presented in memory of two children (sisters) 
 of the Hassell family, who died in 1846. 
 
 The whole of the former flat ceiling of the body of the Church 
 has been removed, the timbers have been cased and stained, and the 
 spaces filled in with ornamental cut boarding, and brackets with 
 stone corbels have been brought down from each beam on to the 
 sides of the walls. This alteration is an improvement, although 
 the effect is unavoidably heavy and massive, owing to the number 
 of timbers of which the original roof was composed, and which it 
 would not have been safe to remove. New gas fittings, after the 
 mediaeval style, have been introduced. Several of the windows have 
 been illuminated by the diaphanic process. The colours are rich 
 and beautiful, and the designs excellent. The subjects on the north 
 side chancel window are, the Adoration of the Magi, the Resurrec- 
 tion, Our Saviour and the Centurion, and the Offering of the Shep- 
 herds. The window on the opposite side contains Our Redeemer, 
 the Virgin and Child, St. Elizabeth meeting the Blessed Virgin, and 
 the Annunciation. The east end gallery windows each contain a 
 number of views representing incidents in the life of Our Lord. 
 The vestry window contains figures of St. Peter and St. Paul on a 
 white diamond ground, with an elegant bordering ; and the porch 
 window has figures of St. John and St. Joseph. 
 
 The extension and alterations of the Church were conducted 
 under the superintendence of Mr. William Kerby, architect ; the 
 contractor for the bricklayer and mason's work was Mr. Richard 
 Sergeant ; the stone carvings (including the beautiful reredos) svas 
 executed by Messrs. Wallis and Tadman ; and the painting is the 
 work of Mr. William Wardale. The illumination of the windows
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 403 
 
 was admirably executed by Mr. J. E. Moat, and the ornamentation 
 of the reredos, as well as the texts round the front of the gallery, is 
 the work of Mr. Dreyer. The cost of the enlargement, &c, amount- 
 ing to nearly £1,800., has been raised by private subscription, and 
 a grant from the York Diocesan Church Building Society. 
 
 In the west gallery is a fine organ (by Messrs. Bishop, London), which was erected 
 in July, 1860, at a cost of about £500., raised by subscription, as a memorial of the 
 first Incumbent of this Church, the Bev. John King, M.A., who died Sept. 12th, 1858, 
 in the 70th year of his age. A neat marble scroll on the west wall bears an inscrip- 
 tion to the effect that " an affectionate congregation, anxious to perpetuate the memory 
 of their revered minister, and to record their high appreciation of his consistent cha- 
 racter and disinterested services," had erected the memorial organ in the western 
 gallery of the Church. The previous organ was built by Ward, of York, and was 
 opened by Mr. Skelton in 1833. In the chancel is an elegant Gothic monument to 
 the same gentleman, erected in " affectionate remembrance " of him by his three 
 surviving children. It consists of an ornamental base (in front of which is inserted a 
 marble tablet bearing the inscription), a very fine marble bust of the deceased by 
 Keyworlh, and a very rich niche ending in a finial. 
 
 There are some very neat marble tablets on the walls of the Church. One in 
 memory of Mr. and Mrs. Spaldin (by Behnes), is a fine piece of sculpture, exhibiting 
 a full length figure of an angel pointing heavenwards. These parties died respectively 
 in 1816 and 1 840. There is a large tablet with Gothic ornaments, inscribed to Samuel 
 King, who died in 1829, in his 83rd year. The other memorials are to members of 
 the families of Stainliank, Mitton, Bowser, Lunn, Craven, Clifford, Eoberts, Cape, and 
 Dales. 
 
 The presentation to the Perpetual Curacy of Christ Church was 
 vested in the original subscribers of £100. each, and their survivors, 
 until reduced to eight in number, who, with the Vicar of Sculcoates, 
 are the patrons. Vacancies among the eight trustees are filled up 
 by the election of the pew proprietors. The present Incumbent is 
 the Rev. Field Flowers Goe, M.A., and the assistant Curate is the 
 Rev. John Henry Wicksteed, B.A. 
 
 St. James's Church, St. James's-square, Pottery. — In the year 
 1819 the Rev. Thomas Dykes, Incumbent of St. John's, Hull, ob- 
 tained the authority of the Archbishop for holding Divine service 
 in a school-room at the Pottery, which was built by Miss Terry. 
 The services, conducted by Mr. Dykes and his curates (one of whom 
 was the Rev. William Knight, the first Incumbent of St. James's), 
 created a desire on the part of the inhabitants of the locality for a 
 Church ; but nothing appears to have been effected in furtherance 
 of this desire until the close of the year 1828, when a public meet- 
 ing was held in the Town Hall, to take into consideration the im-
 
 404 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 portance of erecting a new Church " in that part of the Lordship of 
 Myton called the Pottery." The Mayor (George Coulson, Esq.) 
 occupied the chair, and at the meeting several subscriptions for the 
 proposed building were announced ; amongst which were £300. from 
 the Corporation of the borough. In 1829 the Committee for erect- 
 ing the Church obtained a site (700 square yards of ground, the 
 gift of Miss Smith) "at the west end of a large and spacious street, 
 to be called Lister-street;" and the Commissioners for Building 
 New Churches agreed to pay two-thirds of the cost of the building. 
 The foundation stone of the edifice was soon laid, on which occasion 
 an elegant breakfast was given at the Mansion House, by the Mayor 
 and Corporation, to the Clergy of the town and the Trustees of the 
 Church. After the breakfast, the Corporation, clergy, &c, went in 
 procession to the site of the Church, and at the north-east corner of 
 the intended building the stone was laid with the usual ceremonies. 
 In a cavity of the stone were deposited the current coins, covered by 
 a brass plate bearing this inscription : — 
 
 " The foundation stone of St. James's Church, in the Lordship of Myton and Parish 
 of the Holy Trinity, Kingston-upon-HuU, huilt under the direction of His Majesty's 
 Commissioners for the Building of New Churches, was laid by the Plight Worshipful 
 the Mayor, Avison Terry, Esq., in his second Mayoralty, en the lith day of December, 
 MDCCCXXIX., and in the tenth year of the reign of His Majesty King George the 
 Fourth ; in the presence of the Corporation, the Clergy of the town, and the Committee 
 of Management. The Eev. John Healey Bromby, M.A., Vicar of the said parish. 
 Gloria Deo. Hansom and Welch, Architects, York." 
 
 The building was completed at a cost of about £6,500., of which 
 sum £3,800. was furnished by the Commissioners for Building 
 Churches. The " new Church at Myton " was consecrated by the 
 Archbishop of York, on the 27th of August, 1831 ; on which occa- 
 sion the Corporation (after breakfasting at the Town Hall) went to 
 the service in procession, joined by the clergy and principal inhabi- 
 tants. The Rev. J. H. Bromby preached the opening sermon. 
 
 The Church is in the Early English style, with a tower at the 
 west end 110 feet high. The exterior walls of the entire building 
 are faced with white Wallingfen stock brick ; the plinth, dressings 
 of doors, windows, buttresses, and the parapet of the tower, &c, 
 being of cut stone. The tower, which contains the entrance to the 
 Church, is crowned with large octagonal turrets at the angles.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 405 
 
 There is a melodious peal of eight bells, purchased by subscription 
 in 1840. The tenor bell weighs 15 cwt. The tower clock, which 
 has four dials, was presented by Messrs. T. and R. Raikes. Each 
 side of the Church has five tall windows of two lights, and there are 
 two in the west end. The interior, which forms one large space, 
 with a small chancel, is elegantly furnished, and has galleries round 
 three of its sides, with an organ in the west gallery, which was built 
 by Ward, of York, and opened on the 30th of March, 1834, by Mr. 
 Skelton. The ceiling of the chancel is groined ; that of the body 
 is flat and panelled. The chancel arch is supported by triple 
 columns. The windows of the body of the building have coloured 
 borders. The pulpit is elegantly carved, and the font is octagonal. 
 The east window is of three tall lights, which were filled with 
 stained glass in 1848, at the cost of Theophilus Carrick, Esq., then 
 the Incumbent's Churchwarden. The centre of the window exhibits 
 the Crucifixion, and eight medallions contain as many subjects illus- 
 trative of the Te Deum. The angles of the east end of the Church 
 are occupied by vestries. 
 
 The mural monuments are numerous, and mostly very neat. In the chancel is a 
 handsome one, recently erected to the late Incumbent of the Church. The design, 
 ■which is in the Decorated Gothic style, is executed in Caen stone, and consists of three 
 richly moulded and crocketed canopies, the centre one being much larger than the 
 side ones, and of an ogre form with cusping, and having the shield of faith in the 
 centre. Each canopy is supported on red marble columns, with carved stone capitals, 
 and moulded bases and bands upon a surbase rising from the floor, with crocketed 
 pinnacles between each canopy. Behind the canopies are slabs of white Sicilian 
 marble, the centre one bearing the inscription in red and black letters. The coat of 
 arms is placed at the top, in illuminated brass, inserted in the marble. The design 
 is from the pencil of Mr. William Kerby, architect, Hull, and the work was executed 
 by Messrs. Simpson and Malone. The inscription sets forth that the monument was 
 erected in memory of the Eev. William Knight, M.A., 32 years Minister of this 
 Church, " by members of his own congregation and other friends, in affectionate re- 
 membrance of his private worth and of his public excellence " He died January 
 3rd, 1862, in his 72nd year, and was buried in Newland Churchyard. Above this 
 monument is a tablet to Jane, wife of the Rev. W. Knight, who died in 1846. On 
 the north wall of the chancel is a tablet to the Eev. George Bugg, Eector of Wilsford, 
 who died in 1851, aged 82; and one belonging to the family of Moor. 
 
 On the other walls of the Church the memorials are to members of the families of 
 Swainson, Knight, Gawtress, Stork, Illingworth, Milner, Freebody, Westoby, Bromby, 
 Penrose, Heseltine, Newton, Inman, Collinson, Shaw, Sykes, Burden, Savage, Crossley, 
 Judson, Hutchinson, Eobinson, Eichardson, Hildyard, Cramp, Marsden, Eoberts, 
 English, Wells, Morris, and Story. A small grave-yard surrounds the Church, and is 
 enclosed with iron palisades.
 
 406 HISTORY OF KIXGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 The Perpetual Curacy is iu the patronage of the Vicar of Holy 
 Trinity, and the present Incumbent is the Rev. John "William Hunt. 
 
 Mariners' Church, Prince's Dock-side. — We read in the local 
 newspapers of the period that on Sunday morning, February 17th, 
 1828, " the building on the quay, formerly occupied by the Rev. 
 S. Lane, was opened, under a license from the Archbishop of York, 
 as a Mariners' Church in connexion with the Mariners' Church 
 Society (then) recently established at this port ; " that the Rev. J. 
 H. Bromby preached ; and that the Deputy Mayor and Corporation 
 were present. The Dissenters, who had occupied the building till 
 the year 1826, had iu that year removed to the " Tabernacle," in 
 Sykes-street. The old place of worship, after having been used as 
 a Church for some time by the Mariners' Church Society, was 
 pulled down, and the present Church, a brick building, with a good 
 front in the Early English style, erected on its site, chiefly through 
 the exertions of the Rev. John Robinson, the then Incumbent, and 
 afterwards the Incumbent of Bilton.* It was opened on the 15th of 
 June, 1834, the first sermon in it being preached by the Rev. T. 
 Dykes. The interior of the building is neat, and contains galleries. 
 About 500 of the sittings are free, and are largely occupied by ma- 
 riners and their families. At the east end is a recess, in which 
 there is an organ, above the Communion-table. This organ, the 
 tone of which is rich and well balanced, was built by Messrs. 
 Forster and Andrews, and erected here in 1861, at a cost of £325., 
 raised by subscription : it has two full sets of keys. The ceiling of 
 the Church is flat; there are no windows on the sides, but the 
 building is partly lighted from the roof. This was the first Mari- 
 ners' Church established in England. 
 
 The patronage of the Living is vested in Trustees, and the pre- 
 sent Incumbent is the Rev. Stewart Baillie Craig, B.A., who is 
 
 * The old Dissenting Chapel was built, says Tickell, " with a view to his own 
 profit" by Mr. T. Rogers, Assistant Tide Surveyor at this port, who was one of 
 a number of Baptists who espoused the cause of a Eev. Mr. Rutherford, who had, 
 about the year 1769, been " discharged from his public ministry " by the congregation 
 in Salthouse-lane. The Chapel was opened in 1771. Mi-. Rutherford was succeeded 
 here by a Rev. Mr. Harris, who afterwards became a Minister of the Church of Eng- 
 land. In later times the Chapel was under the direction of the successors of Lady 
 Huntington, and a part of the liturgy of the Established Church was used in the ser. 
 vices. Their lease expired about IS04, and then the building was occupied by others.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 407 
 
 also Chaplain of Trinity House. The Sailors' Orphan Society, in 
 connexion with this Church, is noticed at a subsequent page. 
 
 The " Sailors' Mission," also in connexion with this Church, 
 consists of fourteen members, who visit every vessel in the port, 
 the Sailors' Home, and the sailors' lodging houses, every Sunday, 
 and distribute a religious tract to each sailor in his own language. 
 
 St. Stephen's Church, St. Stephen 's-square. The ceremony 
 of laying the foundation stone of this elegant structure took place 
 on Friday, June 3rd, 1842. On the morning of that day a large 
 number of those interested in the day's proceedings breakfasted to- 
 gether at the Music Hall, and afterwards joined a procession which, 
 headed by a band of music, proceeded to the site of the intended 
 Church. The principal personages in the procession were the Ven. 
 Archdeacon Wilberforce, the Mayor, Town Clerk, Magistrates, and 
 public bodies, the Clergy, the Architect and Building Committee, 
 subscribers, young men from the colleges, school children, &c. The 
 day was fine and the spectacle on the ground was very animating. 
 The platform, calculated to hold a thousand people, and the field 
 were thronged. The stone was laid by the Rev. J. H. Bromby, 
 and in a hollow in the centre of it was fixed a bottle inclosing a 
 number of coins, &c, and covered with a plate containing a suitable 
 inscription. Several addresses were delivered by some of the clergy 
 and Avison Terry, Esq. ; and in the evening a public meeting was 
 held in the Music Hall — the Archdeacon in the chair. 
 
 The building finished, it was opened for Divine worship on Thurs- 
 day, April 11th, 1844. An hour before the opening service com- 
 menced, the Mayor and Magistrates of the borough, a large number 
 from the town and surrounding district, the Committee for building 
 the Church, and a number of the subscribers, assembled in the Col- 
 lier-street school-room, for the two-fold purpose of forming a proces- 
 sion to the Church, and of assisting at the presentation of a very 
 handsome Communion-service and a purse of upwards of £50., to the 
 Rev. John Deck, the Incumbent of the new Church.* The sacred 
 
 * The Communion service, which is executed in a highly finished style of work- 
 manship, bears the following inscription: — " Presented to the Eev. John Deck, A.M., 
 by the Members of the Congregation attending St. John's Church, on his retirement 
 from that Curacy for St. Stephen's, as a mark of their esteem and attachment."
 
 408 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 vessels were presented to the Rev. gentleman, for the use of St. Ste- 
 phen's Church, on the part of the subscribers, by the late venerable 
 pastor of St. John's, the Rev. Thomas Dykes, in an earnest, affec- 
 tionate, and highly complimentary address. A procession to the 
 Church was then formed, consisting chiefly of the Mayor (W. B. 
 Carrick, Esq.), the Vicar of Hull, upwards of thirty clergymen, 
 J. R. Pease, Esq., Avison Terry, Esq., and several other gentlemen, 
 besides the architect and other officials. The sermons after the 
 morning and evening services were preached by the Rev. Hugh 
 Stowell, of Manchester. The edifice was consecrated in 1845, by 
 the Archbishop of Canterbury ; and a legal Ecclesiastical District 
 was assigned to it, by the Queen in Council, July 29th, 1859. 
 
 The building is entirely of cut stone, and is, with the exception 
 of the Royal Institution and the Bank of England, the only cut 
 stone edifice in the town. It is in the Early English style, and 
 consists of a nave, side aisles, transept, an apsis or small chancel, 
 and an elegant tower and spire at the west end, which rises to the 
 height of 200 feet. On each face of the tower, finely moulded door- 
 ways, divided into two compartments by cylinders, are surmounted 
 by a series of small arches, and above these are triplet windows of 
 great height — the centre lights of each triplet being higher than 
 the other lights. A parapet, supported on beak corbels, terminates 
 the tower ; and the beautiful banded spire is crowned with a finial 
 and gilded cross. The chancel and the ends of the transept contain 
 large triplet windows similar to those in the tower. At the angles 
 of the transept and eastern gable are large pinnacles or octangular 
 turrets, and the several gables terminate with stone crosses. The 
 side wall of each aisle is made into four divisions by buttresses, be- 
 tween which are tall single light windows. The interior of the 
 Church is very neat. The nave and aisles are separated by four 
 arches on each side, supported by clustered columns of stone, with 
 molded bases and capitals. The roofs are groined, and painted to 
 represent cut stone, and the bosses at the intersections are painted 
 and gilt. The three lights of the east window are glazed with 
 stained glass, executed by Wailes, and all the other windows are 
 toned down to resemble old glass. Around the apse or east end is 
 an arcade, or series of fifteen arches, occupied by the Decalogue,
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 409 
 
 Lord's Prayer, and Apostles' Creed, in illuminated characters, and 
 filled in with diaper work. On each side of the Communion-table 
 is an oak chair carved after the manner of the antique. The Com- 
 munion-rail is of stone, perforated. The pulpit and reading desk 
 are of Gothic design ; the font is octagonal ; the seats are single, 
 with stall ends of a simple character ; and there are galleries at the 
 west end, and in the ends of the transept. The organ — a fine in- 
 strument — was built by Messrs. Hill and Co., of London, in 1847 ; 
 but since its erection it has nearly doubled in size under the able 
 manipulation of Messrs. Forster and Andrews, of Hull. It has now 
 three rows of keys. At the east end of the Church are two neat 
 monumental tablets of Gothic design ; one inscribed to Eichard 
 Jenkins, Surgeon of the Royal Navy, who died in 1839, and to Eliza- 
 beth his wife, who died in 1854; and the other is a memorial of 
 Mrs. T. F. Hebblethwaite, who died in 1856, aged 21 years. The 
 tower contains a clock with four dials, and a peal of five bells. The 
 Church is surrounded by an iron palisading ; there is no Church- 
 yard. Mr. H. F. Lockwood was the architect of the building. 
 
 In 1859 an excellent clock with four dials and quarter-chimes 
 were put up in the tower, at the cost of a lady — formerly a member 
 of the congregation attending this Church. 
 
 The Perpetual Curacy is not endowed, except with a Parsonage 
 House — an excellent commodious residence, of white brick, in the 
 Gothic style — situated in Park-street, a short distance west of the 
 Church. The site of the house, and the ground for a neat garden 
 adjoining, was generously given by Miss Broadley, of Welton ; and 
 the house was erected in I860 by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, 
 aided by the gift of another good lady. The Rev. John Deck, M.A., 
 the first pastor of St. Stephen's, is still the Incumbent. The pa- 
 tronage is vested in the Vicar of Holy Trinity parish. 
 
 St. Paul's Church, Cannon-street. — On the 10th of October, 
 1844, a portion of the extensive parish of Sculcoates was formed 
 into a distinct parish, for ecclesiastical purposes only, under Sir 
 Robert Peel's Act, 6 and 7 Vict. c. 37. St. Paul's was one of the 
 earliest parishes erected under this Act of Parliament.* The foun- 
 
 * Here it is meet to observe that of the modern Churches of Hull, two only have 
 parishes for ecclesiastical purposes assigned to them, viz., St. Paul's and St. Mark's. 
 
 3 G
 
 410 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 dation stone of St. Paul's was laid on the 19th of June, 1846, and 
 the edifice was consecrated October 27th, 1847, by the late Bishop 
 of Bangor (brother to R. Bethell, Esq., of Rise), acting for the 
 Archbishop of York. His lordship was assisted by the Hon. and 
 Very Rev. the Dean (H. D. Erskine) of Ripon, who preached the 
 opening sermon. The first service was attended by up to fifty 
 clergymen of the town and neighbourhood, including Archdeacons 
 Wilberforce and Creyke. The grave yard surrounding the Church 
 was consecrated on the same day. After the service a sumptuous 
 luncheon was partaken of at the Public Rooms, by the dignitaries 
 of the church, the clergy, and a number of ladies and gentlemen — 
 Joseph R. Pease, Esq., the Treasurer of the Building fund, presiding. 
 In area St. Paul's is the largest Church in Hull, after High 
 Church. It is built of stone, is in the Early English style of 
 architecture, and its components are a nave with side aisles, a chan- 
 cel, and at the south-west angle of the south aisle a tower or belfry. 
 The latter appendage was not completed for about seven years after 
 the building. Its first stage is square ; the second and third are 
 octagonal, with a double-light window in the upper stage in each of 
 the eight sides. The roof is cone-shaped. In the south side of the 
 belfry, and in the west end of the nave, are depressed arched door- 
 ways. The twelve windows of the aisles are of two lights each ; 
 those of the chancel are tall, narrow, and single ; and the clerestory 
 has six narrow double lights on each side. The gables are crowned 
 with stone crosses. The interior is very neat and elegant. An 
 arcade of six good arches, on each side, separates the nave from the 
 aisles. The pillars of these arches are circular and octagonal 
 consecutively. The ribs of the open timber roofs rest on stone 
 corbels. The chancel arch exhibits good mouldings ; the chancel 
 itself is deep, and the east window, consisting of three lancet lights, 
 is filled with stained glass by Wailes, containing a full length figure 
 of St. Paul (in the centre), and the chief events in the history of 
 that Apostle in six circles or medallions. The cost of this beauti- 
 ful window (100 guineas) was raised by subscriptions. Beneath 
 
 St. Stephen's has a legal ecclesiastical district; but St. John's, St. James's, and 
 the others have at present but nominal districts, by arrangement with the mother 
 Church of Holy Trinity.
 
 111ST0BY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 411 
 
 the window the Decalogue, &c., appear in illuminated characters. 
 There are some plain stalls in the chancel. The pulpit and reading 
 desk are very neat. The former has five sides, each forming a 
 good trefoiled arch ; and the latter is composed of a series of nine 
 open arches of polished wood, the pillars being circular. The nave 
 and aisles are furnished with single seats, plain and neat. There 
 is a gallery at the west end, in which is a very fine organ, built in 
 1852 by Messrs. Forster and Andrews. Preparations are made in 
 this instrument for a very grand organ of 26 stops ; at present but 
 15 of them are inserted. The west window is of two tall lancets. 
 The font is octagonal and massy, with flowers carved on the sides. 
 The gas standards are of oak, presented by William Holmes, Esq. 
 
 A large slab in the chancel floor covers the grave of Hannah, 
 wife of the Rev. Richard Kemp Bailey, M.A., the first (and the 
 present) Incumbent of this Church. This lady died on the 24th of 
 November, 1852. On the north wall of the chancel is an ex- 
 ceedingly neat monumental tablet, of Gothic design, by Keyworth. 
 It is inscribed to Mr. Robert Glossop, Churchwarden of this parish, 
 who died suddenly in the vestry of this Church, at the close of 
 Divine service on Sunday evening, May 18th, 1863. 
 
 The Rev. R. K. Bailey was appointed to this parish, in 1844, 
 two years before the Church was built. The patronage of the Per- 
 petual Curacy is vested in the Crown and the Archbishop of York 
 alternately. The Curate is the Rev. William Lloyd Hughes. 
 
 The ground for the Church was presented by the late George 
 Liddell, Esq. ; and the son of that gentleman, William Liddell, 
 Esq., gave about 1,100 square yards of land north of it, on which to 
 erect a Parsonage. The cost of the Church was raised by subscrip- 
 tion, chiefly through the exertions of the Incumbent. Including the 
 value of the site, the Church cost about £8,000. The late Charles 
 Liddell, Esq. (son of the donor of the site), contributed £250. towards 
 the erection of the tower. The architect was Mr. William Dykes; 
 and the contractors were Messrs. Simpson and Malone. 
 
 The Parsonage House, built in 1803-64, is a large commodious 
 building of red brick, having, in a portion of the front, a large bay 
 extending upwards to the ornamental roof. The site was valued at 
 £660., and the cost of erecting the house was about £1,500. — one
 
 412 HISTORY OF KTN'GSTOX-UPON-HTJLL. 
 
 half of which has been raised bj the Incumbent, and the remainder 
 ■was supplied by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The Church, 
 School, and Parsonage, form an imposing appearance from the 
 Beverley-road, looking eastward, between the Kingston Hospital 
 and Kingston-terrace. 
 
 St. Mark's Church, Groves. — The foundation stone of this 
 edifice was laid by Archdeacon Wilberforce on the 9th of June, 
 1841, and the building was completed in 1843.* The new parish 
 of St. Mark (for ecclesiastical purposes only) was formed out of the 
 parish of Sutton, by an order of Council, dated July 10th, 1844. 
 The Church is a handsome red brick building, with cut stone dres- 
 sings, and is in the Early English style. Exteriorly it is cruciform 
 in shape, and consists of a nave, side aisles, chancel, and a lantern 
 tower surmounted by a very elegant spire. In December, 1863, 
 about "25 feet of the top of the spire was damaged by a strong gale 
 of wind, and is about to be rebuilt. The windows of this lantern 
 are very fine, and the upper part of it, as well as the pinnacles 
 in which the buttresses of the whole Church finish, are of cut 
 stone. The mouldings of the doors and windows of the entire 
 structure spring from circular pillars, and the outer line of mould- 
 ings rest on carved human heads. There are three handsome en- 
 trances in the tower, and one in the west side of each end of the 
 transept. The interior is very neat and elegant. The nave is separ- 
 ated from the aisles by five pointed arches springing from clustered 
 pillars, and the mouldings of the arches are very good. Galleries 
 extend round three sides of the building, and there is a good organ 
 in the west end gallery. The transept does not show in the interior 
 aspect of the Church, they being simply used as entrances to the 
 galleries. The apse, which serves for a chancel, is small, and has 
 three lights in it and a decorated roof; and the pulpit, reading 
 desk, and general furniture of the edifice, are very neat. The Com- 
 
 * At a public meeting held in the Public Rooms, June, 3rd, 1 S4Q, Archdeacon Wil- 
 berforce in the chair, it was resolved. " That the extent and rapid increase of the 
 population in the district called the Groves demands the cordial support and sym- 
 pathy of the inhabitants of Hull, and of those interested in its welfare ; " and " That a 
 subscription be now entered into for the purpose of providing the funds necessary for 
 the completion of the building of St. Mark's Church." The Church was then ready 
 to be covered in, but the funds were exhausted.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 413 
 
 munion-table is of Caen stone, the front being in panels, bearing 
 shields charged with the symbols of the Four Evangelists. The 
 vestry is at the north side of the chancel. The font is octagonal. 
 The ceilings are flat and painted. The entire cost of the erection 
 was about £3,000., raised by subscription, aided by a grant of £750. 
 from the society for Building and enlarging Churches. This 
 Church boasts of the finest German compass organ ever introduced 
 into Hull. The instrument, which has two rows of keys and nine- 
 teen stops, has been greatly admired by clever organists. It was 
 built by Messrs. Forster and Andrews, in 1846. 
 
 The Living is a Perpetual Curacy, endowed with £150. a year^ 
 in the patronage of the Crown and the Archbishop of York, alter- 
 nately. The present Incumbent is the Rev. G. W. H. Tayler, M.A. 
 
 The Parsonage House, close to the Church, was erected in 1863, 
 with funds supplied by grants from the Ecclesiastical Commis- 
 sioners and the Queen Ann Bounty Fund. It is a very commo- 
 dious residence. 
 
 St. Luke's Church, St. Luke's-street. — The Church of St. Luke, 
 like that of St. James, may be considered an off-shoot of St. John's. 
 The Rev. H. W. Kemp, the Incumbent of St. John's, and some of 
 his friends, with the sanction of the Archbishop of York, purchased 
 (about the year 1856) a Dissenting Chapel, in Nile-street, which 
 had fallen into disuse, and fitted it up as a place of worship in con- 
 nexion with the Church of England, under the name of St. Luke's 
 Church. The sum paid for the Chapel, and a small house attached 
 to it, was £500., and the alterations, &c, amounted to about £200. 
 more. Mr. Kemp published a volume of sermons in aid of the fund 
 for this undertaking (See p. 399). The " St. Luke's " of Nile-street 
 was used for a few years, and then another disused Dissenting 
 Chapel, in Porter-street, was purchased with £1,000., given for the 
 purpose by Miss Turner, and that building became " St. Luke's 
 Church " pro. tern. After some time it was thought desirable by the 
 congregation to build a place of worship having more accommoda- 
 tion than the edifice in Porter-street. A Committee was formed, who 
 solicited subscriptions, the result of which was most satisfactory. 
 Miss Broadley, of Welton House, munificently presented the site 
 for a Church and schools, valued at £1,000.; the Chapels in Nile-
 
 414 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 street and Porter-street were sold ; the Incorporated Society of Lon- 
 don presented £250., and the Hull Church Building Society con- 
 tributed to the work.* 
 
 On the 30th of May, 1861, the foundation stone of the present 
 Church of St. Luke was laid. A procession of the Clergy, Building 
 Committee, gentry, choir of Holy Trinity Church, and others, was 
 organised at the building in Porter-street, and proceeded to what was 
 then known as the " Cricket Field," the site of the new Church, 
 the choir singing on the way. The route of the procession was 
 crowded with spectators. The inscription on a parchment depos- 
 ited in the usual way stated that the foundation stone of St. Luke's 
 Church, in the parish of Holy Trinity, was laid by Joseph A. 
 Sykes, Esq., of Raywell, on the day above-mentioned, with the 
 names of the Archbishop of York, the Vicar of Holy Trinity, the 
 Incumbent of the new Church, the Churchwardens, &c. A penny, 
 a half-penny, and a farthing of the new bronze coinage, were also 
 deposited in the stone. The Church was consecrated on the 19th 
 of August, 1862, by the Archbishop of York, and the consecration 
 service was very imposing, The congregation on the occasion was 
 both numerous and select, and about two dozen clergymen in sur- 
 plices and hoods sat in, and facing the chancel. 
 
 The edifice, which is spacious, convenient, and substantial, is in 
 the Early Decorated style of Gothic architecture, and of a plain, but 
 very neat appearance. Externally it is built of dark red brick, 
 obtainable in the neighbourhood, with black bands, and Bradsworth 
 stone dressings ; and the roof is covered with green and blue slates. 
 It is divided into a clerestoried nave with side aisles and chancel, 
 having a vestry in the south-west angle ; the corresponding angle on 
 the north side being the site of the proposed steeple, which it is not 
 intended to build at present. The basement story of the tower has 
 however been erected, and forms the organ chamber. It is connected 
 
 * The Hull Church Building Society originated with the Committee for building 
 St. Luke's Church, and the Incumbent of St. Luke's was its first Hon. Secretary. It 
 was established in 1860, at a public meeting in the Jarratt-street Eooms, with the ob- 
 ject of aiding in the erection of new Churches in Hull. The Society is composed 
 chiefly of the incumbent clergy of the town, and several gentlemen of Hull and its 
 neighbourhood. The present Hon. Secretaries are the Eev. F. F. Goe, and J. A. 
 Jameson and G. Gale, Esqrs.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 415 
 
 by arches with the chancel and the north aisle. The tower and 
 spire will be 150 feet high. The chancel arch is finely proportioned ; 
 the roof of the chancel is coved, or arched over between the princi- 
 pals, and coloured blue ; and will be spangled with stars. Two of 
 the corbels of this roof are stone carved figures. The east window 
 is of four lights, with three quatrefoils in the sweep of the arch. 
 It is filled with stained glass, manufactured by Mr. Thompson, of 
 London, the gift of William Croft, Esq., the Incumbent's Church- 
 warden. The reredos consists of a Caen stone arcade of ten arches. 
 The crimson velvet Communion cloth, with an unique monogram, 
 and a fringe of crimson and gold, was presented by the ladies 
 of the congregation. The elegant Communion chairs, from a design 
 by the architect, are the gift of Mrs. Burton, wife of Mr. Thomas 
 Burton, Churchwarden. They are of pitch pine, varnished, and 
 were made by Messrs. Audus and Leggott. There are fald-stools 
 to match them. A silver chalice and paten are the gift of B. Dud- 
 ley Smith, Esq., of Kirk Ella. The Communion rail is of wrought 
 iron work, and the floor of the chancel is paved with tesselated tiles. 
 An arcade of five beautiful arches on each side, supported by fine 
 circular pillars, two feet in diameter, divide the nave from the aisles. 
 There are five double-light windows in each aisle, glazed with 
 rolled Cathedral tinted glass. The roof of the nave is high-pitched 
 and plastered between the rafters. The west window is circular, 
 in four quatrefoils, and of stained glass. The pulpit, which is of 
 wood, and sexagonal in shape, with an open quatrefoil in each side, 
 is fixed upon a low massive stone base composed of five short pil- 
 lars. This structure looks rather heavy for the general aspect of 
 the Church. The reading-desk is much more light and appropriate. 
 The seats for the congregation have sloping backs and bench ends, 
 and are stained and varnished. There is a gallery for children at 
 the west end of the nave, supported by two light metal pillars. 
 The gas fitttings are very neat, and consist of metal standards, each 
 branching into five lights, and ornamented with leaves of trees in 
 brass. The font is octagonal. Two small porches at the west 
 end of the edifice lead into a vestibule formed by a neat partition. 
 The interior of the Church altogether is fitted up with much neat- 
 ness and care. The number of free sittings is larger than of those
 
 416 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 which are appropriated. The cost of the building was about £3,560. ; 
 the greater part of which sum, the Eev. Thomas Lester, the Incum- 
 bent, collected, or became responsible for. Indeed the existence of 
 this beautiful little Temple of God is mainly owing to the zealous 
 and untiring exertions of this reverend gentleman. Mr. R. Blessley, 
 of London, was the architect ; and Messrs. Simpson and Malone, 
 the contractors.* 
 
 The Patron of the Perpetual Curacy of St. Luke's is the Vicar of 
 Holy Trinity parish. The Rev. T. Lester is the Incumbent. The 
 living being endowed, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have re- 
 cently agreed that an ecclesiastical parish shall be immediately 
 assigned to the Church. 
 
 A new Church is about to be erected in Margaret-street, Beverley 
 road. This movement originated with the Hull Church Building 
 Society, who have a considerable sum in hand to aid in the erection 
 of the edifice. Tbe site, worth from £800. to £1,000., is the munifi- 
 cent gift of the Rev. Canon Jarratt, of Cave, and it is intended to 
 endow the living with the view of having a legal district apportioned 
 to the Church. The building will be of brick with stone dressings, 
 and its estimated cost, exclusive of the site of the tower, is about 
 £4,000. The tower will cost about £1,000. additional. The de- 
 sign of the Church is handsome. The patronage is to be vested in 
 seven Trustees, appointed in accordance with the requirements of 
 the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. 
 
 Efforts are also being made, by the Rev. W. Hunt, Incumbent of 
 St. James's, to erect a Church on the Anlaby road. 
 
 Newland Church! (St. John, Evangelist). — This edifice, which 
 was consecrated by the Archbishop of York, on the 23rd of Sep- 
 tember, 1833, is a somewhat plain building, of white brick, in shape 
 a parallelogram, each end raking up to an apex. The corners finish 
 with angular buttresses, ending in conical tops. In each side are 
 
 * The living is endowed with .£1,000., and to place the Church in a position to he 
 consecrated, the following gentlemen became guarantors for the moneys due on the 
 building:— Rev. T. Lester, J. A. Sykes, Esq., J. E. Pease, Esq., W. Croft, Esq.. Theo- 
 philus Carrick, Esq., Eev. H. W. Kemp, W. B. Brownlow, Esq., Dr. W. Lunn, John 
 Egginton, Esq., W. Jackson, Esq., W. King, Esq., and the late William Ayre, Esq. 
 
 + Newland may be considered a suburb of Hull, though it is a hamlet in the parish 
 of Cottiugham, It is situated on the Beverley road, about 1| mile from Hull.
 
 HISTORY OF KJNGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 417 
 
 five tall lancet windows, in the west end is the entrance doorway, 
 and above it is a three-light window, having the middle division 
 higher than the others. The east end contains a similar window. 
 The interior is furnished in a very plain manner. The windows 
 are bordered with coloured glass. The cost of the building, nearly 
 £1,100., and the sum of £1,000. for the endowment of the Per- 
 petual Curacy, was raised by subscription. The Ecclesiastical 
 Commissioners granted a further sum of £1,000. to augment the 
 living. On the walls are neat memorials of Commissary General 
 Wright, who died in 1842, in his 80th year ; of Mrs. Rennard, Mr. 
 Hentig, Miss Hebbert, Mr. and Mrs. Carter, and George Robinson. 
 The last-mentioned was an old and faithful servant to Avison Terry, 
 Esq. A Parsonage was last year (1863) erected by subscription, 
 aided by a grant from Queen Anne's Bounty. It stands in a gar- 
 den at the east end of the Churchyard, and is a neat brick house 
 in the Domestic Gothic style. The present Incumbent is the Rev. 
 Simmonds Attlee. The patronage is vested in the present Vicar of 
 Cottingham, but after his death the advowson lapses to the Bishop of 
 Chester. In February, 1862, an Ecclesiastical district was assigned 
 to this Church. 
 
 PROTESTANT DISSENTERS.— Various denominations of 
 Christians, dissenting from the doctrine and ritual of the established 
 Church of England, have places of worship in Hull — nearly all of 
 which are well built, commodious, and well furnished ; and some of 
 which are fine structures, and elegantly furnished with comfortable 
 pews and good galleries. They are all principally built of brick. 
 Connected with most of the congregations are classes of young men 
 and women, clothing, coal clubs, &c. 
 
 Baptists. — In the year 1736 a few families in Hull, numbering 
 eighteen persons, adopted the tenets of the sect called Baptists, and 
 held their meetings for public worship in Manor-alley, in the old 
 tower of the Suffolk Palace. In 1757 a small Chapel in Salthouse- 
 lane was built at the sole expense of a Mr. Spyvee; in 1790 it was 
 enlarged, and, since then, two or three additions have been made to 
 it. The Rev. John Beatson, author of " The Divine Character of 
 Christ Considered and Vindicated," and " The Satisfaction of Christ 
 Demonstrated," became the pastor of this congregation in 1770. 
 
 3 H
 
 418 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 This Salthouse-lane Chapel is a plain building, situated in Chapel- 
 court. There is a gallery round three sides of it, and a recess for 
 the singers behind the pulpit. In the court or passage is a Sun- 
 day-school and several class rooms, in one of which is a good library. 
 At present the congregation is without a Minister. 
 
 George-street Chapel. — In February, 1794, the Rev. William Pen- 
 dered came to Hull as a probationer for the pastorate of the Salt- 
 house-lane congregation, which was then vacant by the decease of 
 the Rev. John Beatson, in 1798. In October of the same year the 
 Chapel being too small for the worshippers attending it, a second body 
 was formed, under the ministry of Mr. Pendered. They took a large 
 room over the old Corn Exchange ; and in a short time it was re- 
 solved to build a Chapel in George-street. Accordingly the present 
 building was erected, at a cost of £1,200., and opened for public 
 worship on the 18th of May, 1796. Since its erection the Chapel 
 has been altered and improved on three occasions. In 1842 it was 
 re-fronted, in 1854 it was repewed, and in 1860 an orchestra was 
 erected, and a new organ, built by Messrs. Forster and Andrews, 
 placed in it. The organ is an effective instrument. The front of 
 the building is stuccoed, and contains two doors and four windows 
 in the lower story, and six windows in the upper one. In the in- 
 terior is a gallery all round the building ; the pulpit is square shaped, 
 and in white and gold, and the ceiling is flat. On the walls are 
 marble tablets in memory of the families of Sykes, Longstaff, Wil- 
 son, Viccars, Birt, and Thonger. Behind the Chapel are several 
 class and school rooms. The Rev. John Hirons has recently be- 
 come the Minister of this congregation. Their late popular pastor, 
 the Rev. John O'Dell, a few months ago accepted the pastorate of 
 the Baptist body at Rathmines, near Dublin. 
 
 William Ward, a native of Derby, an eminent Baptist Missionary 
 in India, was baptised in this Chapel in 1796. He died at Seram- 
 pore in 1823. 
 
 South Street Chapel. — In 1845, under the ministry of the Rev. 
 John Pulsford, a large number of members of the George-street 
 body seceded, and with him formed another congregation ; and in 
 1847 they purchased the Chapel in South-street, which had been 
 built for the Rev. — Stamp, in 1840. It is a brick edifice with a
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 419 
 
 neat cemented front, having a flight of steps to, and a portico over 
 the entrance. In 1863 the building underwent several alterations 
 and improvements, and was re-painted and gilded, at a cost of 
 £'320. The interior now presents a very neat aspect. The old 
 pulpit was replaced by an elegant oblong platform, surrounded by 
 cast iron bannisters, with a mahogany handrail. It is supported 
 by twisted pillars with neatly carved caps, and surmounted by long 
 twisted gas standards. The ordinance table has twisted pillars also, 
 and is covered with crimson cloth ; and the ordinance chair is of 
 mahogany, and corresponds in style with the pulpit and table. In 
 the back of the chair is introduced a gilt cross and crown. The 
 panelled and moulded fronts of the galleries, the pulpit, ordinance 
 table, organ, &c, are painted in white and gold. The centre of the 
 ceiling contains eight panels, from four of which hang brass pen- 
 dants of ten lights each. The pews in the body of the Chapel have 
 been re-arranged, and a small table introduced into each pew. The 
 alterations were designed by Mr. William Reeves, architect. The 
 vestries, Sunday Schools,* &c, on the basement story are commo- 
 dious. The library consists of about 300 volumes. The present 
 Minister is the Rev. Joseph Upton Davis, B.A.f 
 
 Baker-street Chapel. — This is a small plain place of worship, 
 which was built by the Rev. Andrew Jukes, in 1844, and the 
 founder continues to officiate in the building. A site has been 
 purchased, on the opposite side of the street, with the view of 
 erecting a new and handsome Church for Mr. Jukes, but it seems 
 uncertain whether the scheme will be carried into effect. The 
 building would be a great ornament to the locality, and would have 
 its front in Prospect-street. 
 
 * On retiring from the office of Superintendent of the School, which he had filled 
 for a period of 15 years, Mr. Ward received a beautiful time-piece inscribed thus: 
 — "Presented to Mr. John Ward by the teachers and scholars of South-street Sunday 
 School, as a token of their affectionate esteem and appreciation of his long and valu- 
 able services as Superintendent." The date is May 19th, 1862. 
 
 + The Eev. John Pulsford, who held the pastorate of this congregation for 15 years, 
 removed to London during the past year, but before he left he was presented, at a 
 tea meeting, with a gratifying testimonial, consisting of a purse of gold and an ele- 
 gant skeleton time-piece. The presentation was made by Mr. Aston, on behalf of the 
 ladies of the congregation, and the clock bore this inscription : — " A testimony of 
 Christian love from the ladies of South-street Chapel to their pastor, on his leaving 
 Hull, October 2, 1862. Love begets love."
 
 420 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 A small congregation of Particular Baptists assemble for public 
 worship at the Mechanics' Institute. 
 
 Independents. — Providence Chapel, Hope-street. — The founda- 
 tion stone of this large and commodious Chapel was laid on the 31st 
 of July, 1797. The present Minister entered on his pastorate on the 
 1st of January, 1856, and shortly afterwards the Chapel was repaired, 
 a new fine-toned organ (by Messrs. Forster and Andrews), an organ 
 gallery and pulpit were erected, and other alterations and improve- 
 ments made; being, in effect, a restoration of the edifice. In 1860 
 some adjoining property in Chapel-street was purchased, and a large 
 and convenient Sunday-school and some class rooms were erected 
 thereon at considerable expense. In 1862 the Chapel was again 
 cleaned, painted, and put into complete repair. The interior is 
 galleried round three sides. The pulpit is of the platform shape, its 
 sides being of cast metal of ornamental design. The Communion- 
 rails are of the same design and material. The ordinance table is 
 a marble slab with metal supports ; there is a marble basin or vase 
 for baptismal purposes. The ceiling is flat, and from some orna- 
 mental work in the centre hangs a gasselier of 86 lights. There 
 are marble memorials on the walls bearing the names of members of 
 the families of Fea, Gardner, Vickerman, Nicholson, Wilbe, Kirby, 
 Stephenson, and Hirst. There is a good library in connexion with 
 the Chapel. The pastor is the Eev. Henry Ollerenshaw. 
 
 Fish-street Chapel. — In 1769 a few persons, who withdrew from 
 the congregation of Dagger-lane Chapel, built a place of worship in 
 Blanket-row, the first minister of which was the Rev. G. Lambert, 
 who published two volumes of sermons. In 1773 this meeting- 
 house was enlarged ;* and in 1782 (the congregation still increas- 
 ing), they purchased a piece of ground in Fish-street, on which they 
 erected the edifice now under notice. The building is a commodious 
 one, and in 1862 its front was stuccoed, and the interior painted 
 and completely renovated. The front is in three stories ; the lower 
 one has a projecting vestibule, the second contains five circular- 
 headed windows, and the upper one is lighted by five small plain 
 windows. The interior is galleried round three sides, and there is 
 
 * The building is situate in Barker's-court, Blanket-row, and is now the basket 
 manufactory of Mr. John W. Beeton.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-TJrON-IlULL. 421 
 
 a narrow organ loft at the east end. Within the enclosure, called 
 the table pew, is the pulpit, some chairs for the deacons, and the 
 ordinance table. The latter is a fine slab of white marble, with 
 metal supporters. The neat light railing of this enclosure is of 
 bronzed metal. The ceiling is in panels, and has two flat windows 
 inserted in it. The organ is an excellent instrument, built in 1853 
 by Messrs. Forster and Andrews, and inaugurated by Dr. Sparks, 
 of Leeds. On the north wall, above the gallery, is a good monu- 
 ment of marble, in memory of the Rev. George Lambert, the first 
 minister of this Chapel, who died in 181G, aged 75. He was 47 
 years in the ministry. On the south wall is a handsome monument 
 of marble, in memory of the Rev. Thomas Stratten, who died Feb. 
 20th, 1854, aged 60 — having been pastor of this congregation 22 
 years.* These monuments were erected by the congregation. On 
 the walls beneath the galleries are marble tablets, as memorials of 
 Mr. William Irving (Deacon of this Chapel 33 years), who died in 
 1853, aged 85 ; of the family of Mr. James S. Bowden ; and of John 
 C. Southern, who departed this life in 1841, in his 18th year. 
 
 At the east end, and communicating with the Chapel is the 
 Sunday-school — a fine room with a bold panelled ceiling, and two 
 good entrances in a passage behind the Chapel, entering from 
 Myton-gate. This school-building was erected in 1840 — the site, 
 and seven houses in the same passage, having then been purchased 
 by the congregation for about £2,200., raised by subscription. 
 Three of these houses have recently been repaired, and converted 
 into class rooms, and the four other houses are occupied by poor 
 members of the congregation. The Domestic Mission, in connexion 
 with this place of worship, includes the Sunday-schools, mother- 
 meetings, the labours of a bible-woman, &c. There is a reading- 
 room, and a library of about 700 volumes. The " Union School of 
 Hope," in connexion with this Chapel, situated in Anne-street, has 
 just been rebuilt and enlarged at a cost of £210. During the past 
 two years the congregation raised about £1,100., by which the 
 
 * The Rev. Thomas Stratten came to Hull, from Sunderland, in 1832. He was 
 the author of "The Book of the Priesthood;" and "English and Jewish Tithe 
 Systems compared."
 
 422 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-IIUIX. 
 
 alterations and repairs in the Chapel and class-rooms already men- 
 tioned, were effected, and the Anne-street school rebuilt. 
 
 The Rev. Edward Jukes, the present Minister of this congrega- 
 tion, entered on the pastorship in 1858. Mr. John S. Westerdale 
 has been Secretary to the Sunday-schools for the last 24 years. 
 On the 11th of November, 1837, the first marriage in Hull under 
 the new Marriage Act was solemnised in this Chapel. 
 
 Salem Chapel, Cogan-street. — This is a respectable looking struc- 
 ture, erected in 1832, by the present pastor and his people; the 
 congregation having previously worshipped in the Chapel in Nile- 
 street. The front contains three doorways and eleven windows, and 
 it is in contemplation to modernise and improve it. Nearly four 
 years ago a handsome platform was substituted for the pulpit, and 
 the organ was improved, and the swell extended, by Mr. Cuthbert, 
 of Hull. There is a continuous gallery, with a panelled front, 
 round the interior, and it, together with the platform-pulpit and 
 the organ, are in white and gold. The ordinance table is a slab of 
 white marble on metal supports, and the vase used for baptisms is of 
 white marble. The organ stands in a recess behind the pulpit. 
 The ceiling of the building is flat. There are Sunday-school and 
 class rooms. There is a neat mural monument in marble, inscribed 
 to Lydia Jane, wife of the present Minister (the Rev. James Sibree*), 
 and her infant son, who died in 1833. Mrs. Sibree 's age was 28 
 years. There are likewise memorials of certain deceased members 
 of the families of Scoffin, Coverdale, Summerfield, and Boyes. 
 
 Bethesda Chapel, Osborne-street. — Bethesda (House of Mercy) 
 Chapel was built by the late Rev. Samuel Lane, and was first opened 
 for Divine worship on the 3rd of July, 1842. The reverend founder 
 occupied the pulpit of the building until his death in November, 
 1862, and the present Minister is the Rev. Arthur Wilcoxon. The 
 
 * In 1857 a presentation tea meeting was held in the saloon of the Mechanics' 
 Institute, for the purpose of celebrating the 25th year of the pastorate of the Eev. J. 
 Sibree, in connexion with Salem Chapel. After tea, the chairman (Mr. J. Oldham) 
 presented a handsome time-piece and a purse containing 85 sovereigns, the whole 
 amounting to about £100. value. The time-piece was inscribed thus : — " Presented 
 to the Rev. James Sibree by the members of the church and congregation, and other 
 
 friends, on the completion of the 25th year of his pastorate at Salem Chapel, Hull. 
 
 8th July, 1857."
 
 HISTORY OF K1NGST0N-UP0N-HULL. 423 
 
 Chapel has a neat cemented front in the Early English style, the 
 mouldings of the two doors and the large window in the centre 
 ending in finials, and the top being battlemented and pinnacled. 
 The interior is plain. 
 
 Albion-street Chapel. — The foundation stone of this fine building 
 was laid by Sir W. Lowthrop, Knt., on the 7th of July, 1841, when 
 an address was delivered by the late Eev. K. W. Hamilton, LL.D. 
 and D.D. ; and the Chapel was opened for public worship on the 
 20th of April, 1842, on which occasion the first sermon was preached 
 by the Eev. Dr. Harris, the author of " Mammon," &c. In the even- 
 ing of the same day the Rev. Dr. Raffles, of Liverpool, preached. 
 In the front of the edifice is a massive cut stone Doric portico of 
 six columns, raised on a basement ten feet high. This basement is 
 approached by a flight of steps. The other sides of the building 
 are of brick, with stone window frames. The interior is fitted up 
 in a style in keeping with its exterior. The galleries are supported 
 by square metal pillars with Grecian caps partly gilded. The organ 
 was erected in 1847, by Ward, of York; and, in 1861, it was con- 
 verted into a double C organ by Mr. Cuthbert, of Hull, when a 
 pedal open diapason down to CCC was added ; as were also new 
 reeds in the swell and great organs, two new keyboards, and the 
 remainder of the stops revoiced. The case in which it is enclosed 
 is very elegant. The pulpit, which is square and beautifully con- 
 structed, is of oak carved and polished. In front of the table-pew 
 is a neat reading-desk, and the table within the pew is polished, 
 and has carved legs. The baptismal vase is marble. The front of 
 the gallery and the organ are in white and gold. The ceiling is 
 panelled and ornamented, and the building presents altogether an 
 appearance of massive elegance. The architect was Mr. H. F. 
 Lockwood, Mr. John Hockney was the builder, and the cost of the 
 building was about £8,000., including the site. At the rear of the 
 Chapel, and connected with it, is a building which contains apart- 
 ments for the Chapel keeper, a vestry, library, &c. ; and on the 
 basement story of the Chapel are a large school-room and three 
 class rooms. 
 
 On the walls of the Chapel are four elegant marble tablets, in 
 memory of Sir W. Lowthrop, Knt, of Welton Hall, who died in
 
 424 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 1853, aged 59 (See p. 180) ; of Dr. Gordon (See p. 176) ; of Mr. S. 
 K. Birch, jun., who died in 1854, aged 39 ; and of Mr. 0. P. Tar- 
 bottom, who died in 1857, aged 37. 
 
 The Rev. Newman Hall, LL.B., the first Minister of this Chapel, 
 was succeeded in 1854 by the present pastor, the Rev. Robert Aiuslie 
 Redford, M.A., LL.B.* 
 
 Methodists. — When the adherents of the Rev. John Wesley first 
 appeared in Hull, they assembled in the tower of the Suffolk Palace, 
 in Manor-alley, called afterwards Henry VIII. 's Tower (See p. 50). 
 Tickell says that they met " in Manor-alley, iu the tower of the 
 gateway leading to De la Pole's palace, called after the attainder of 
 that family Henry the Eight's tower ;" but there is an error in this, 
 for the tower gateway stood in Low-gate, where that street grows 
 narrow, opposite George-yard (See p. 323). It is probable that the 
 place in which this sect met (as well as the first congregation of 
 Baptists that assembled in Hull), was in the great tower of the old 
 palace, which stood on the south side of Manor-alley — a fragment of 
 which still remains (See p. 52). When the tower was removed, a 
 building was erected close to it which bore the following inscrip- 
 tion : — " This Preaching House was built by the people called 
 Methodists, 1771, Pro bono publico." The building is now (1864) 
 used as a bonding warehouse, by the Custom House authorities. 
 The congregation rapidly increasing, in a few years this place was 
 found too small, and in 1786 they erected a Chapel in George-yard, 
 and sold the other building. Since the commencement of the pre- 
 sent century the Wesleyans have increased in Hull (as elsewhere) 
 to such an extent that since the Chapel in George-yard was built — 
 at a cost of between £4,000. and £5,000. — there have been opened 
 six other Chapels, the total cost of which amounts to about £31,500. 
 
 George-yard Chapel. — Built, as just stated, in 1786, it is a spa- 
 
 * On the evening of June 17th, 1854, the members of the congregation met in the 
 School-room to present to the Eev. Mr. Hall a tangible testimonial of their esteem. 
 Mr. James Oldham occupied the chair, and in suitable terms presented the testi- 
 monial, which consisted of a set of splendid silver salvers, on which was inscribed : — 
 " Presented to the Rev. Newman Hall, B.A., first Minister of the Albion Congrega- 
 tional Church, Hull, as a sincere, though very inadequate, expression of the high es- 
 teem and grateful sense entertained of his zealous and devoted labours during a 
 pastorate of twelve years. June, 1*01."
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 425 
 
 cious brick edifice with stone dressings, lying lengthways towards 
 the street, and having a line of seven windows in the upper story. 
 The pulpit, which is of mahogany, is in the middle of the Chapel 
 and against the wall, behind it is a mahogany screen of Grecian 
 design. The extensive galleries are supported by oak pillars, and 
 the ceiling is ornamented with stucco work. The Sunday-school is 
 held in the Odd Fellows' Hall.* 
 
 Scott-street Chapel. — This is a brick building with a pedimental 
 front, erected in 1793 ; it was enlarged about four years since, and 
 it had its front cemented about two years ago. The interior is 
 rather plainly fitted up, the front of the gallery is in white and 
 gold, the pulpit is plain, and the baptismal vessel is of white 
 marble. Near the Chapel is a Day and Sunday-school. 
 
 Waltham-street Chapel. — This place of worship was opened in 
 1815, and is a large respectable looking edifice of brick, faced with 
 Roman cement. The front has a portico of two Doric columns, 
 and a pediment. The gallery extends round the interior, and at 
 the west end is a semicircular cove, in the lower part of which is the 
 ordinance table, and in the upper, the organ — a fine instrument, 
 built by Nicholson, of Rochdale, and opened on the 14th of October, 
 1832, by Mr. Skelton. In 1802 it was converted by Mr. Cuth- 
 bert, of Hull, into a CC organ, and had a 16 feet pedal open dia- 
 pason added, as well as some fancy stops, and two new rows of 
 keys. The front of the gallery is in white and gold, the pulpit and 
 reading-desk are of mahogany and very elegant, and the ceiling is 
 ornamented with stucco work. There are mural memorials of the 
 Revds. J. Evans, R. Johnson, and M. Vaughan, and also of par- 
 ticular members of the families of Blaine, Turner, Cookman, Baron, 
 Gibson, Day, Taylor, and Anderson. On one side of the Chapel- 
 
 * In the " Memoirs of Tate Wilkinson " (vol. iii. p. 6), it is stated that the Hull 
 theatre stood on the ground afterwards occupied by George-yard Chapel, and that in 
 1771, the Rev. Robert Rutherford, formerly a London coachman, " erected his pulpit 
 on the spot where Brutus had been in his pulpit also: — the pit he (Mr. Rutherford) 
 converted into pews, and the stage and side boxes were appropriated for the beaua 
 and belles." There is also in the " Memoirs " a letter from this Mr. Rutherford to 
 Mr. Wilkinson (which is quoted by Hadley, in his History of Hull) respecting a pew 
 which the celebrated theatrical manager proposed to take in the Low-gate Chapel, 
 and some candlesticks belonging to the theatre, which Mr. Wilkinson had promised 
 to give the preacher " to light his tabernacle." 
 
 3 i
 
 426 HISTORY OF KtNGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 yard is a range of building (erected in 1853) with a cemented front. 
 This contains a spacious room for lectures, tea meetings, &c, and 
 also several school and class rooms. There is a library of about 
 1,800 volumes. At the time of its erection this was considered the 
 largest Chapel belonging to the Methodist connexion. 
 
 Humber-street Chapel. — This is another good brick building, which 
 was opened for Divine service on Good Friday, April 5th, 1833 — 
 the first sermon being preached by the Rev. R. Newton, President 
 of the Conference. It is built on a similar plan to Waltham-street 
 Chapel. The organ, by Nicholson, of Rochdale, is in a recess at 
 the end of the building. The pulpit and desk are good, the ordi- 
 nance table has a marble slab, the baptismal vase is of white marble, 
 and there are stuccoed ornaments on the ceiling. There are two 
 marble tablets — one to J. Henwood, Esq., who died in his 71st year 
 (See p. 180), and the other to David Metcalf, who died in 1841, aged 
 67. The Sunday-school is in Myton-gate. 
 
 Kingston Chapel, Witham. — This, the largest place of worship be- 
 longing to the Wesleyans, in Hull, was built at a cost of about 
 £8,000., and was opened on the 14th of June, 1841, by the Rev. R. 
 Newton, President of the Conference. The front is of cut stone, 
 and exhibits a bold pediment, resting on four massy pillars of the 
 Doric order, and the remainder of the edifice is of brick. The in- 
 terior is elegantly finished with a spacious gallery, a handsome 
 organ, a beautiful pulpit and prayer-desk, a marble-topped ordinance 
 table, marble baptismal vase, and a fine panelled ceiling and deep 
 cornice. There are monuments to the families of Ray, Carrington, 
 and Johnson. In front of the Chapel is an area, in the centre of 
 which grows a weeping ash tree. The entrance is by two pair of 
 large iron gates. At the rear of the Chapel is a long neat building, 
 
 * On Sunday, January 21st, 1855, the Rev. Joseph Beaumont, D.D., died suddenly 
 in this Chapel, in the 61st year of his age, and the 42nd of his ministry. He had 
 opened the morning service by singing the 316th hymn of the Wesleyan hymn book, 
 and proceeded as far as the first two lines of the second verse, which were sung by 
 the congregation; and whilst attempting to utter the first words of the next line he 
 fell in the pulpit. Quickly as possible he was conveyed to the vestry, where a vein 
 was opened, but his course was run, and in a few minutes he was a corpse. Disease 
 of the heart proved to be the cause of his death. In the Hull Cemetery a neat monu- 
 ment with a long inscription stands on his grave. Dr. Beaumont was a famous 
 pulpit crator.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-IIULL. 427 
 
 erected about three years ago, which contains a large room for Sun- 
 day-school purposes and in which to hold meetings, and several 
 class rooms. Besides this there are Sunday-schools in connexion 
 with the Chapel in Wilson-street, Raikes-street, and Lime-street. 
 
 Great Thornton-street Chapel. — This is a splendid structure of the 
 Corinthian order, erected at a cost of about £7,000. It was opened 
 on the 19th of August, 1842, when the Rev. James Dixon, Ex- 
 President of the Conference, preached two sermons. Its noble front, 
 which is of Hare Hill stone, is composed of a magnificent portico, 
 the pediment being supported by a line of eight fine fluted pillars 
 with Corinthian capitals, and the logia, in which are the entrances, is 
 supported in the centre by two circular pillars. Two wings, at some 
 distance from the centre, are connected by two open arcades or 
 galleries, the roofs of which are supported by two lines of handsome 
 pillars, and the whole is approached by a very wide flight of steps. 
 The entire frontage is 100 feet in length, the portico is 06 feet wide, 
 and the apex of the pediment rises to the height of 56 feet. The 
 columns are 30 feet high, and 3 feet in diameter. The other parts 
 are of brick, with stone window cases. The interior is chastely and 
 elegantly fitted up. The fine organ, built by Nicholson, of Rochdale, 
 is placed in a recess at the back of the pulpit, and is enclosed in a 
 massive case representing a Grecian Temple. The pulpit and desk are 
 square in form and of an elegant design. The slab of the ordinance 
 table is of white marble, as is likewise the baptismal basin, which 
 is vase shaped. The extensive gallery is supported by large metal 
 pillars with Doric caps, and the front of the gallery is ornamented 
 with carved wreaths. The beautiful panelled ceiling is supported 
 by tall metal columns, with Corinthian caps, which were introduced 
 a few years after the erection of the edifice, in consequence of a 
 portion of the original ceiling having fallen down on a Sunday even- 
 ing during service, and causing great consternation, but not much 
 further harm to those assembled. The form of the ceiling was, at 
 that time, altered. With the exception of the pulpit and prayer 
 desk, the prevailing colour of the gallery, pillars, &c, is white. 
 There are marble tablets on the walls to members of the families of 
 Pudsey, Sherlock, and Levitt. The building also includes a large 
 room for tea, &c, meetings, and nine class rooms ; and the Chapel
 
 428 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 keeper resides in one of the wings. An elegant range of iron palis- 
 ades fronts the Chapel.* 
 
 Beverley-road Chapel. — The foundation stone of this building 
 was laid August 20th, 1860, by the Mayor of Hull (Z. C. Pearson, 
 Esq.), who was the largest donor and the chief mover in the under- 
 taking. A procession was formed at Waltham-street Chapel, con- 
 sisting of a large number of Wesleyan ministers and friends of the 
 Methodist body, headed by the Mayor, the Sheriff (W. Hodge, 
 Esq.), and the President of the Conference (Rev. William Wood 
 Stamp) who for some time discharged the duties of his office in this 
 district. Along the route of the procession the streets were lined 
 with a great body of people, and the site of the proposed building 
 was gaily decorated with flags. H. J. Atkinson, Esq. (at the re- 
 quest of the Building Fund Committee of the Chapel) having tendered 
 to the Mayor a silver trowel, the ceremony of laying the first stone 
 was performed. Within the stone was placed a bottle containing a 
 copy of the " Watchman " newspaper for that week, and likewise a 
 parchment document containing some interesting particulars of the 
 Wesleyan body. A tea meeting was held in the evening in the 
 Waltham-street school-room. 
 
 The building erected, the opening service took place on the 16th 
 of January, 1802, when the Rev. J. Rattenbury, President of the 
 Conference, officiated. 
 
 This elegant structure has a frontage on the Beverley-road of 
 112 feet, and stands back 45 feet from the road, so that there is a 
 spacious' forecourt, with flagged footways to the entrances. The 
 style of the building is the Decorated Gothic, and the plan a parallel- 
 ogram. All the external walls are faced with the best Walling 
 Fen white stock-bricks, and the ornamented masonry and other 
 dressings are generally of Brodsworth stone. The Beverley-road 
 
 * In the year 1848 the 105th Wesleyan Conference held its sittings in this Chapel. 
 The preliminary committees commenced their meetings on the 14th of July, hut the 
 real business of conference began on Wednesday, the 26th of that month, and termina- 
 ted on Friday, the 11th of August. The Kev. Dr. Newton was elected to fill the 
 presidential chair for the fourth time. A large platform was erected in the Chapel, 
 and desks were placed in every pew, for the convenience of the ministers, about 400 
 of whom were generally in attendance. The Conference met again in Hull in the 
 month of July, 1808, under the presidency of the Eev. John Bowers.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 429 
 
 elevation is divided by buttresses into three spaces, having an arched 
 entrance doorway in each, with columns of red Mansfield stone, and 
 floriated capitals. There is on each side of the doorway a twodight 
 window, the hood mouldings of which are united with thoso of the 
 door-way, and rise triangularly from carved terminations, forming 
 three small gables, with finials. Above the central doorway is a five- 
 light mullioned window, with rich tracery in the head, running up 
 into the roof gable ; and above each of the side doorways is a two- 
 light window. Octagonal pinnacles, with crocketed tops, rise from 
 the offsets of the principal buttresses, and square pinnacles from the 
 heads of the side buttresses. The gable is surmounted by an oc- 
 tagonal turret, with two stages of arches and a small spire, the pro- 
 jection before the face of the wall resting upon a moulded and 
 carved corbel. In the front of the Cbapel is a wing on each side 
 for the gallery staircase, and the flanks of the building are divided 
 by bold graduated buttresses into compartments, with two tiers of 
 traceried windows. 
 
 The front entrances to the edifice are through spacious vestibules ; 
 the gallery staircases are of Park Spring stone ; the pews are very 
 neat and simply arranged in three blocks ; the pulpit is octagonal 
 in form, and rests upon a pedestal, with traceried panels on the 
 sides and circular shafts at the angles, with carved capitals and 
 trefoil arches ; there is a gallery on two sides and at one end of the 
 building, supported on clustered iron columns, with appropriate 
 carved capitals and open timber trusses; and the front of the gal- 
 lery is arcaded with trefoil arches. The front pew projects over 
 the line of the supporting columns, and rests upon open cut canti- 
 levers or brackets. The roof of the main building is in one span, 
 the framed principals of which have curved wallbraces springing 
 from moulded and carved corbels. The ceiling, which is below the 
 plane of the roof, and rises from the side walls at an angle of about 
 thirty degrees, is divided by moulded ribs into panels, the plastering 
 of which is coloured blue. At the rear of the Chapel are vestries 
 and class-rooms, above a part of which, behind the pulpit, an organ 
 recess is formed. This recess exhibits a bold equilateral arch in 
 front, rising from clustered shafts supported on projecting carved 
 corbels. The whole of the interior woodwork (with the exception
 
 430 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UFON'-HCLL. 
 
 of the Communion-rails and the handrails of the staircase, which 
 are of oak) is executed in red fir, stained and varnished. The 
 lighting of the building is by ten coronas of medieval design, with 
 eight branches to each, suspended from the intersection of the 
 ceiliug timbers, and by ornamental brackets of similar design, from 
 the walls under the galleries. The cost of the edifice, including 
 lighting, heating, and fencing, was about £5,900. ; and the cost of 
 the site about £1,200. Mr, William Botterill, of Hull, was the 
 architect: and Mr. Charles Pulman, Clerk of the Works. 
 
 On the 23rd of October (1862 the noble organ — at present the 
 largest, handsomest, and most effective in the town — built by the 
 celebrated firm of Forster and Andrews, was opened by Mr. Rogers, 
 of Doncaster. The full power of this instrument is grand and im- 
 posing in the extreme ; and there is an excellent balance of bril- 
 liance and fulness, so that one part does not preponderate over 
 another. The swell is a great feature, being of unusual size, and 
 several new stops have been introduced, the tone of which is very 
 sweet and beautiful, and, at the same time, of a quality not to be 
 heard in the usual class of organs built in England. It has three 
 full rows of keys; a pedal organ; and is blown by the patent 
 hydraulic engine. In the great organ there are eleven stops, in 
 the swell organ -thirteen stops, in the choir organ six stops, and in 
 the pedal organ three stops. There are five couplets, and six com- 
 position pedals. Altogether the instrument contains nearly 2,000 
 pipes of every variety of tone. The case is in admirable keeping 
 with the Chapel, and the front pipes are richly decorated. 
 
 WesJeyan Chapel, Xewland. — This small neat structure, erected 
 in 185 7, at an expense of about £600., is of brick with stone finish- 
 ings, and in the Gothic style. The design is by Mr. W. Botterill, 
 architect. The end of the building, facing the highway, contains a 
 triplet window, and at the other end is a Sunday-school (also used 
 as a vestryi resembling the chancel of a little Church. In the 
 side of the Chapel is a small porch. 
 
 New Connexion Methodists. — The body of Methodists, styled 
 the Xew Connexion, were the first separatists from the Wesleyans, 
 and the division occurred in 1797. This body, as well as the Primi-
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-IIULL. 431 
 
 tive Methodists hereinafter mentioned, has its own conference or 
 governing body. 
 
 Bethel Chapel, Charlotte-street. — Bethel (House of God; Chapel 
 was erected in 1799, and has a tastefully designed front with pilas- 
 ters, a pediment, and two porticoed entrances. Neatness and com- 
 fort are the characteristics of the interior ; the gallery, which ex- 
 tends round the building, has neat circular pillars for supporters ; 
 the pulpit, caps of the pillars, &c, are in white and gold : and the 
 panelled ceiling has stucco ornaments. The organ, which stands 
 in the upper part of a semicircular apse, which abuts on Dock- 
 street, is from the famous factory of Forster and Andrews, and was 
 put up in 1851. It has sixteen stops and two rows of keys, and is 
 considered a very efficient instrument. On the walls are monu- 
 mental tablets to Mary, daughter of the Rev. S. Woodhouse, who 
 died in 1819, aged 6 years ; to the Rev. T. T. Coxon, who died in 
 1843, aged 31 ; and to members of the families of Wright, Lee, 
 Withernwick, Nailor, and Wilkinson. The Sunday-school is in 
 Sykes-street, and is a good-sized brick building, erected in 1829. 
 
 Stepney Chapel. — This is a small building, situated on the Bev- 
 erley road, at the place formerly known as the hamlet of Stepney. 
 The edifice was opened November lGth, 1849, on which occasion 
 the opening sermon was preached by the Rev. Newman Hall. A 
 piece of cround on the opposite side of the road has been purchased, 
 on which it is intended to erect a new Chapel to supersede this one. 
 
 Primitive Methodists. — West-street Chapel. — This is the oldest 
 place of worship in Hull, belonging to the Primitive Methodists. 
 It was built in 1819, and is a plain structure exteriorly, but in- 
 teriorly it is comfortably fitted up, and has a gallery running round 
 three of its sides. An adjoining building contains class-rooms, &c. 
 
 Church-street Chapel— The year 184G is the date of the erection 
 of this little Chapel. It has a neat cemented front with a pediment, 
 and is comfortably fitted up in the usual style. In a recess at one 
 end is the ordinance table and the organ. The latter is a small 
 instrument, built by the late Mr. Kinsley, brass founder, Hull, and 
 was opened in December, 1859, when selections from the oratorio 
 of Judas Maccabeus were performed. The school-room is beneath 
 the Chapel, and there are class-rooms in the adjoining house.
 
 432 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Great Thornton-street Chapel. — This edifice was erected in 1849, 
 but about eight years ago it was accidentally burnt : all but the 
 walls was destroyed. The building is of brick, with a good front, 
 having a recessed portico supported by two fine Doric columns. 
 The design finishes with a pediment, mostly of cut stone. The ap- 
 proach to the portico is by a flight of steps. The interior is neat. 
 The front of the gallery is ornamented with carved wreaths, and 
 rests on a handsome cornice, in white and gold. The organ recess 
 behind the pulpit is vacant. The panelled ceiling has an orna- 
 mental circle of stucco in each square. The pulpit and desk are 
 square and neat, and the top of the ordinance table is of marble. 
 The vase used for baptisms is of wood. In connexion with the 
 building is a Sunday-school, seven class-rooms, and a small library. 
 
 Clowes' Chapel, Jarratt-street.* — On Good Friday (April 18th), 
 1851, the Mayor of Hull (T. W. Palmer, Esq.) laid the foundation 
 stone of this edifice, in the presence of about 4,000 persons. In the 
 afternoon upwards of 700 individuals, interested in the day's pro- 
 ceedings, partook of tea together at the Public Rooms ; and after 
 tea a public meeting was held in the same place. The architect 
 was Mr. W. Sissons, and the building contracts were let to Mr. 
 Musgrave and others.f The exterior of the building is in the modi- 
 fied Italian style, with brick pilasters, and having stone cornices, 
 architraves, and pediment. The front elevation is of the Corinthian 
 order of architecture, and is in height, from the street to the apex 
 of the pediment, about 56 feet. In the pediment is a tablet or 
 shield, inscribed "Clowes' Chapel, 1851." The entrance doorways 
 are approached by a flight of stone steps. Extensive school and 
 class-rooms are placed beneath the Chapel, and for the greater light 
 
 * The Rev. William Clowes died at bis residence in Spencer-street, Hull, March 
 2nd, 1S51, aged 70 years. Mr. Clowes was one of the founders of the Primitive 
 Methodist Society, about thirty years before his death, and he was so greatly esteemed 
 and respected that upwards of 10,000 persons attended his funeral. He was interred 
 in the Cemetery of this place. 
 
 + During the progress of the works a shocking accident occurred (on the 29th of 
 July) by which two of the workmen lost their lives. A portion of the wall at the 
 south end of the building fell, when five men were precipitated, along with the ma- 
 terials, to the ground, a height of about forty feet. The unfortunate sufferers were 
 immediately rescued from the ruins and conveyed to the Infirmary, but one of them 
 died before reaching that hospital, and another a few days after.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UP0N-HULL. 433 
 
 and ventilation of the place, an area of nine feet has been reserved 
 on each side of the building. 
 
 The interior is galleried and pewed comfortably. The pulpit and 
 prayer-desk are square in design, and the former stands on four 
 square pillars. The ceiling is made into large squares by beams, 
 and in each square is a circular ornament in stucco. The slab of the 
 ordinance table and the baptismal vessel are marble. The organ 
 case is of a chaste and elegant design, and has Corinthian pillars 
 and capitals. The organ, which was built by Messrs. Forster and 
 Andrews, was opened in September, 1859. It has two rows of keys 
 and sixteen feet pedal pipes, and the tone is full and vigorous. 
 
 Witham Chapel. — This building is private property, and was 
 erected in 1830. It was used for some time as an Independent 
 Chapel, and during the last few years it has been in the hands 
 of the Primitive Methodists. It will, however, be deserted by this 
 body in the early part of the year 1864, when their new Chape], 
 next noticed, will be completed. 
 
 The remains of a respectable young man, named Thomas Mapple- 
 thorpe, who had been robbed and murdered in front of his father's 
 house, in Prospect-place, Drypool, on the 21st of May, 1852, are 
 buried in this Chapel. Two men, named Snape and Smith, were 
 tried for this crime at the following York Assizes, and acquitted. 
 
 Holdemess-road Chapel. — On the 1st of December, 18G2, the 
 corner stone of this edifice was laid by Mr. Henry Hodge,* and 
 
 * In the cavity of the stone was placed a bottle containing documents giving statis- 
 tical information relative to the Primitive Methodist Connexion; also a list of the 
 civic authorities, and an account of the proceedings connected with the ceremony of 
 laying the foundation stone. Mr. Hodge having had three silver trowels in his pos- 
 session, he performed the ceremony of laying this stone with one of them ; and in 
 lieu of a trowel he was presented with a silver salver elegantly chased, and bearing an 
 inscription to the effect that it was presented to Henry Hodge, Esq., by the Trustees 
 of this Chapel, on the occasion of his laying the foundation stone of it. The stone 
 having been fixed in its place, donations were placed upon it, the chief of which were 
 £200. from Mr. H. Hodge, £50. from his son (Mr. H. S. Hodge), £50. from his brother 
 (Mr. Alderman Hodge), and £50. from his son-in-law (Mr. J. T. Kobson). One of the 
 trowels above alluded to was received by Mr. Hodge on the occasion of his laying the 
 foundation stone of the Jubilee Chapel at Scarborough, in 1860, and it was with it he 
 laid the first stone of the Holderness-road Chapel. The two other trowels, and a 
 handsome silver goblet, were presented to Mr. Hodge's three daughters on the oc- 
 casion of their laying foundation stones of Chapels at Withernsea, Market Weighton, 
 and Bromfleet. 
 
 3 K
 
 434 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 the building, which is now nearly completed, is of red and white 
 brick with stone finishings, and is very commodious. The base- 
 ment story contains six class rooms, besides school rooms, &c. The 
 principal front exhibits six pilasters, with Corinthian caps. A flight 
 of steps conducts to the recessed entrance, and, above this, a bold 
 cornice and parapet run across the front. The interior is furnished 
 with red deal pews, stained oak colour, and arranged on a circular 
 plan. The gallery runs entirely round the edifice. The platform 
 pulpit, which is ogee shaped, and very elegant, is placed between the 
 entrance doorways, and is ascended by a winding staircase. The 
 gallery pews behind it rise immediately from it — an arrangement 
 peculiar to this Chapel. The organ will be placed in the gallery, 
 over the vestibule, and behind the pulpit. The front of the gallery 
 is white, enamelled, and picked out in gold and colours. The 
 ceiling is ornamented with a large centre flower, suspended from 
 which is a chandelier of about fifty lights. The angles of the 
 ceiling are coved, and have enriched bands, with an elegant cornice 
 below the cove. The ordinance table and railing are neat. The 
 cost of the building, including the site, is about £4,000. The 
 architect is Mr. Joseph Wright, of Hull; and the builder, Mr. 
 William J. Richardson, of Beverley. 
 
 Jubilee Chapel, Spring-bank. — The foundation stone of this edifice 
 was laid last February by Mrs. Norman, of Somerset House, who took 
 a great interest in, and contributed largely towards the building.* 
 The Chapel is constructed of red and white brick, with cut stone 
 
 * On the occasion of the ceremony, a procession was formed at West-street Chapel, 
 composed of a large number of ministers and friends, who proceeded to the site of the 
 new building, where a large gallery had been erected for the convenience of those who 
 took part in the proceedings. The ceremonial was performed in the presence of a 
 large concourse of spectators. A bottle was inserted in the stone, containing a docu- 
 ment, on which was written the names of the Cabinet Ministers of the day, the names 
 of the 20 Trustees of the Chapel, and several statistics respecting the Primitive Meth- 
 odists. Mr. W. Charlesworth, the Treasurer of the fund, handed Mrs. Norman, 
 on behalf of the Chapel Trustees, a beautiful silver trowel, inscribed: — "Presented 
 to Mrs. Norman, of Somerset House, Anlaby-road, Hull, by Mr. W. Charlesworth, on 
 behalf of the trustees of the Primitive Methodist Jubilee Chapel, Spring-bank, Hull, 
 on the occasion of her laying the foundation stone, Feb. 9th, 1863." After the stone 
 had been laid Mrs. Norman deposited upon it a parcel containing fifty guineas. The 
 ceremony consummated, tea meetings were held in the schoolrooms of the Chapels of 
 West-street and Great Thornton-street.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-TJPON-HULL. 435 
 
 dressings, and is an ornamental structure. The basement comprises 
 two school-rooms, seven class-rooms, &c, and the ground floor a 
 vestibule, and three vestries at the north end. The entrance is 
 approached in a similar way to the Chapel last described. The 
 doorways are flanked with coupled pillars of stone, having carved 
 capitals. A wing at either side advances five feet before the ves- 
 tibule, thereby forming a deep recess to the main entrance ; these 
 are carried above the general elevation, and crowned with Man- 
 sard roofs, surmounted with ornamental cresting and finials ; and 
 as they project five feet beyond the sides of the building, they as- 
 sume somewhat the appearance of towers. A bold cornice, which 
 extends across the whole of this front, is surmounted by a parapet, 
 and the centre finishes with a pediment, in which is a piece of 
 ornamental carved stone work. The interior is galleried round, 
 and there is an apsidal recess at the opposite end to the principal 
 entrance, in which the organ is to be erected. The pulpit stands in 
 front of this recess, and is similar in form to that described in the 
 Holderness-road Chapel ; but its front is composed of ornamental 
 iron work, with a mahogany top. The gallery front is of enriched 
 panels, and the ceiling is similar in design to the last-named Chapel. 
 Mr. Joseph Wright is the architect, and the contracts for the build- 
 ing are in several hands. The cost of the whole, including the 
 site, is estimated at about £4,500. It is intended to open this 
 place of worship in the month of April, in the present year. 
 
 Independent Methodists. — A congregation of Independent or 
 Church Methodists worship in a Chapel in Osborne-street siuce 
 1820 ; but the building was erected by the Baptists in 1823. This 
 body is independent or congregational in form of government, and 
 methodistical in doctrine and general usages. There is nothing re- 
 markable about the Chapel. All is plain and simple. There are* 
 tablets on the wall near the pulpit to the Foster and Taylor families. 
 The Rev. William Mac Conkey is the Minister, and he is assisted by 
 the Rev. William Woodward. The Sunday-school, in Lower Union- 
 street, was formerly a Methodist Chapl. 
 
 Methodist Feee Church. — This body, usually called Methodist 
 Eeformers, seceded from the old Wesieyan society a few years ago. 
 
 Tabernacle, Sykes-street. — This place of worship is now occupied
 
 436 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-TJPON-HULL. 
 
 by the Reformed Methodists. Its first stone was laid on the 21st 
 of June, 1820, by the Rev. Samuel Lane, the Minister and part 
 proprietor of the Chapel, and the building was opened January 
 7th, 1827. For some years it was used by the Calvinists or Inde- 
 pendents ; and it was afterwards a Wesleyan Chapel. The edifice 
 is rendered somewhat remarkable by a lantern rising from the roof, 
 containing thirteen small windows. This lantern is supported by 
 tall slender pillars, and the building is galleried in the usual manner. 
 The organ, built by Messrs. Forster and Andrews, was opened on 
 the 11th of June, 1862 ; and there is a very neat platform pulpit, 
 which was erected about two years ago. The ordinance table has 
 a marble slab, and the baptismal font is small and of stone. In 
 1861 the adjoining house (in Worship-street) was converted into 
 a Sunday-school and class rooms. The Reformed Methodists have 
 also small places of worship in Lime-street and Walker-street ; and 
 they have purchased a site for a new Chapel on the Hessle road. 
 
 United Presbyterians. — Dagger-lane Chapel. — The congrega- 
 tion which gave rise to this place of worship consisted originally of 
 seven persons, according to Tickell, who " entered into a Church 
 state, by a mutual profession of faith, and solemn covenant with 
 Almighty God and one another," on the 22nd of July, 1643, "being 
 the day appointed for solemn fasting and prayer at the constitution 
 of the said Church." Mr. Robert Lordington was the first pastor. 
 The erection of the Chapel was begun in 1697, and it was opened 
 the 21st of August, 1698. The site of the edifice was given by a 
 Mr. John Watson, tobacconist, and a member of the body. The 
 building is a plain brick one, and the interior is galleried nearly all 
 round. The pews are arranged semicircularly. For some years 
 the Baptists had this Chapel, and afterwards a considerable portion 
 of the congregation worshipping here embraced the doctrine of Baron 
 Emanuel Swedenborg. The property was subsequently thrown into 
 Chancery by the adherents of the original tenets of Presbyterianism, 
 and it has since been recovered, by the Trustees, for the use of the 
 present possessors. The Rev. James L. Rome is the Minister. 
 The Sunday-school is held in the Chapel. 
 
 Society of Friends. — This body, commonly called Quakers, held 
 their meetings in the building in Low-gate, now occupied as an Odd
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 437 
 
 Fellows' Hall. In 1852 they purchased a Wesleyan School in 
 Mason-street, and enlarged and converted it into a very commodious 
 Meeting House. It is galleried on three sides, and has a raised 
 dais at the east end. In two small wings, in the front of the build- 
 in^, are retiring rooms for both sexes, and a library ; and adjoining 
 the other end of the edifice is a good school-room. In the yard is 
 a cottage for the Chapel keeper. At the top of Hodgson-street is a 
 small cemetery, belonging to the Friends, which is now closed for 
 burials. It contains three gravestones, inscribed respectfully to 
 Mrs. Wells, who died in 1676 ; Mr. Leonard West, who died in 
 1854, aged 59 (and Caroline his daughter) ; and the Hipsley family. 
 
 Unitarians. — Bowlalley-lane Chapel. — This is the oldest dissen- 
 ting place of worship in Hull, and was originally a Presbyterian 
 Chapel. The first congregation was founded in 1662, and their 
 Minister was the Rev. Samuel Charliss, M.A., of Corpus Christi 
 College, Cambridge, who was ejected from his living at Mickleover, 
 Derbyshire, under the Act of Uniformity. He observed the anni- 
 versary day of his ejection as a fast all his life after. Mr. Char- 
 liss died at Hull in 1703. His imprisonment here is alluded to 
 at page 316. During his ministry the old Chapel was re-erected. 
 The building is designated in the Trust Deed as one for the worship 
 of Almighty God and the administration of the sacraments; and 
 no creed has ever been subscribed to either by the ministers or 
 people. In 1802 the Chapel was again rebuilt, at an expense of 
 £1,300., and opened for Divine service in 1803. Until the pasto- 
 rate of the Rev. W. Severn, who in early life was a Wesleyan, and 
 a coadjutor of John Wesley, the doctrines preached here were Trini- 
 tarianism ; but Mr. Severn adopted the principle of the Unitarians. 
 He died in 1813, in his 59th year. 
 
 The Chapel is a plain red brick structure, of an octagon form, 
 with windows in each of the sides. The interior is plain but neat, 
 and galleried nearly all round. The organ is placed immediately 
 behind, and its keys are beneath, the pulpit. 
 
 There are three neat tablets on the walls. One to the memory 
 of the Rev. John Beverley, upwards of forty years the pastor of this 
 congregation, who died in 1812, in his 79th year; another to the 
 Rev. W. Severn, before mentioned ; and one to the family of Briggs.
 
 438 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 In the vestry are portraits of the Revs. J. Beverley and W. Severn, 
 painted by the late Mr. Phineas Lowther, of Hull. There are also 
 there portraits of the Rev. John Witter, a former pastor, and Mr. 
 L. Chamberlaine, mentioned below, who died in 1716. 
 
 In 1850 Samuel Lightfoot, Esq., purchased cottages adjoining 
 the vestry, and presented them to the congregation ; on the site of 
 which, by their contributions, the present vestry and school-room 
 were rebuilt. 
 
 The Rev. John Shannon, the present Minister of this Chapel, 
 was chosen to the pastorate at the close of the year 1845. This 
 gentleman was educated at the Royal College of Belfast, and was 
 destined by his parents for the ministry of the Calvinistic Presby- 
 terian Church in the north of Ireland ; but he changed his religious 
 views, and adopted the doctrine of Unitarianism. 
 
 In 1716 Mr. Leonard Chamberlaine, draper, Hull, bequeathed an 
 estate in Sutton and Stoneferry for the use of the poor, of which 
 the four Trustees must be members of the Bowlalley-lane congrega- 
 tion. He also bequeathed a valuable collection of books to the 
 Trustees of this Chapel, for the use of the inhabitants of Hull. It 
 contains many works of the early Fathers, and some rare and val- 
 uable editions of the classics. There is likewise in the library a 
 volume of the sermons of the Rev. S. Charliss, preached in this 
 Chapel a.d. 1680 to 1695. It was presented to this library in 
 1845, by Mr. Samuel Lightfoot. This interesting collection of 
 books is in the vestry. 
 
 A small congregation of Christians calling themselves Brethren, 
 but usually styled Plymouth Brethren (from the fact that the first 
 " gathering " of the body took place at Plymouth, about thirty years 
 ago) assemble for Divine worship in a room in Dock-street. The 
 Brethren baptise adults only, but baptism is not, with them, a test 
 of communion. Their pastors are usually called Preachers, or Teach- 
 ers, according to their recognised gifts. 
 
 A small body of Swedenborgians, called the New Church Society, 
 meet for public worship at the Temperance Hall, St. Luke-street; 
 and another small congregration of Christians assemble at the house 
 of Mr. J. Grasby, 26, Salthouse-lane. The latter society was first
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 439 
 
 formed on the 1st of January, 1858, and the members style them- 
 selves the United Bands Church. 
 
 German and Danish Lutheran Church, Nile-street. — It having 
 been ascertained that several thousand Lutheran sailors, who could 
 not understand the English language, entered the port of Hull every 
 year, a few foreign gentlemen resident here resolved to supply the 
 means of attending public worship, after the forms of their own 
 Church, to this large body of their co-religionists. Accordingly they 
 engaged the lecture-hall of the Sailors' Institute, in the early part of 
 the year 1848, and brought over the Rev. Mr. Brecht, a graduate 
 of the University of Gottiugen, who had just been ordained expressly 
 for this congregation, by the Consistory of Hanover. In about 
 two years arrangements were made for conducting the Lutheran 
 service in Bethesda Chapel, Osborne-street. The Rev. P. Raben, 
 from Holstein, succeeded Mr. Brecht in 1855, and the present pastor 
 succeeded him in 1858. In 1859 the building now occupied by the 
 Lutherans was purchased. It is a small neat structure of red brick, 
 erected in 1827, by the Rev. W. Eastmead, Independent minister, 
 and then called " Trinity Chapel." It was long used by Dissenters 
 of various denominations, but about the year 1856 it was converted 
 into a place of worship in connexion with the Church of England 
 (See p 413). The interior is neatly pewed, and has galleries on 
 three sides. Against the east wall is the pulpit, and beneath it, 
 within an enclosed space, is a plain table covered with dark velvet. 
 This is called the altar, and on it stands a handsome crucifix fixed 
 in a neatly mounted base, and two candlesticks containing candles. 
 The latter are lighted only during the administration of the sacra- 
 ment. There is a harmonium in the gallery. The present Minister 
 is the Rev. Wilhelm Sattler, from Hanover ; and the President of 
 the congregation is F. Helmsing, Esq., Acting Russian Vice Consul. 
 A day school in connexion with this body was opened about a year 
 ago, and the scholars have made such rapid progress in the general 
 rudiments of a German education, that some of the German mer- 
 chants of the town are now sending their children to it. 
 
 Jews. — Synagogue, Robinson's-row. — The Hebrew congregation 
 had their first Synagogue at Hull, in Postern-gate. The building 
 had previously been a Catholic Chapel, which was completely
 
 440 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 wrecked during the " Gordon Riots " in 1780. The Jews, having 
 procured a lease of the ruined Chapel, restored and fitted it up as 
 a place of worship for themselves. After some time, owing to a 
 personal difference between the late Mr. Joseph Lyon and some of 
 the other members of the body, another Synagogue was opened on 
 the site of the present Prince's Dock, and for several years there 
 were two Jewish congregations here ; but afterwards uniting in one 
 body, the Jews purchased a site in Robinson-row, on which they 
 erected a Synagogue in the year 1826. The building was com- 
 menced on Monday, April the 22nd, the first stone having been 
 laid by Mr. S. Meyer, and the second stone by Mr. Israel Jacobs. 
 The edifice was rebuilt in 1852 — the foundation stone having been 
 laid on the 26th of May in that year.* Interiorly it is a neat apart- 
 ment lighted from the top, having a gallery along three of its sides 
 for the female portion of the congregation. The walls are relieved 
 by a frieze or cornice near the top, which is supported by pilasters. 
 On the floor, in the centre of the building is a raised platform, in 
 front of which is a reading desk. This platform is called the beh- 
 mdh, or reader 's-stand. At the east end, on a dais, beneath a hand- 
 some portico supported by Corinthian pillars, is a kind of safe or 
 tabernacle, called the " holy ark," in which are deposited the scrolls 
 of the law, viz., the five books of Moses. These five books are di- 
 vided into fifty-four sections — each of which is sub-divided into seven 
 parts ; and one of these parts is read or chanted every sabbath, to 
 a separate individual, who stands on the behmah ( at the right hand 
 of the Minister, or (as he is generally styled) the Reader.f Above 
 the ark is a semicircular window filled with stained glass, and one 
 of the compartments represents the two tables of stone, having the 
 Decalogue inscribed thereon in Hebrew characters. In front of 
 the ark hangs the " perpetual lamp," which (in this instance) was 
 presented by Mr. Simeon Mosely (the President of the congrega- 
 tion), as a memorial of his wife, Jesse, who died in November, 
 
 * The original Synagogue is now (1863) used as a workshop by a cabinet-maker, and 
 is situated at the end of a narrow passage nearly opposite the end of Dagger-lane. It 
 is a small apartment with a coved ceiling. 
 
 + In leading the Scripture, the Minister does not touch the sacred scroll with his 
 hand, but points to the lines with a silver index called Yod.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UTON-IIULL. 441 
 
 1852. Before the ark hangs a handsome silk veil or curtain, to 
 which is attached a circular piece of velvet bearing a Hebrew in- 
 scription, wrought in silver thread, purporting that the veil was the 
 gift of Mr. Bethel Jacobs, a past President of the congregation. 
 The Minister delivers his discourses from a lectern on the platform 
 of the ark. The present Minister is the Kev. Henry Davis Marks. 
 
 There is a school in connexion with the Jewish body, now held 
 in the vestry of the Synagogue. 
 
 Mr. Symons (a member of the Hebrew congregation), in his 
 "High Street," says, "I find it stated that in the year 1774, when 
 the military works were levelled, under the half moon redoubt, op- 
 posite Low-gate, there was found a vast quantity of human bodies, 
 and that from their appearance it seemed to have been a burying 
 place for the Jews." Be this as it may, the first place of burial be- 
 longing to the Jews, in modern times, is a small piece of ground in 
 Walker-street, at the bottom of West Dock-terrace.* This spot 
 being too small, a larger cemetery was formed on the Hessle-road ; 
 and when the latter was closed, by order of the Secretary of State, 
 a new site for a cemetery was purchased in the parish of Marfleet, 
 2£ miles from Hull, and opened in 1858. The President (Mr. 
 Mosely) erected a grave-stone at his own expense over the remains 
 of the first member of the Hebrew race (a child) buried here.f 
 
 Hadley tells us that the Jews of Hull, " desirous of testifying their 
 loyalty on the celebration of the Kevolution, Mr. Aaron Jacobs, of 
 
 * The principal monument in this place of hurial stands above the grave of Mr. 
 Joseph Lyon, who died in 1812, aged 57: Mr. Lyon was a pawnbroker and silver- 
 smith, in High-street, and was much respected. 
 
 * On the 6th of October, 1852, the members of two Jewish benefit societies of Hull, 
 together with their wives, partook of a sumptuous supper, at the Public Eooms ; on 
 •which occasion a presentation of plate was made to Mr. George Alexander, and to Mr. 
 Bethel Jacobs, for services rendered to the congregation. The testimonial to Mr. 
 Alexander was a very handsome snuff-box bearing an inscription, setting forth that 
 it was the gift of the members of the Hull Hebrew congregation, " as an acknowledg- 
 ment of his valuable services during many successive years he filled the arduous and 
 responsible duties of President" of that congregation. That to Mr. Bethel Jacobs 
 was a silver salver, presented, according to the inscription, by his co-religionists here 
 " as an acknowledgement of their grateful appreciation of his efficient services as 
 president " of the Hull congregation, " and of his unwearied zeal in promoting and 
 completing the erection of the new Synagogue." Mr. Mosely presided at this assem- 
 bly, and, after the usual loyal toasts, presented each gentleman with the testimonial 
 intended for him. 
 
 3 L
 
 442 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Manor-alley, presented the Corporation with an elegant crown for 
 the statue of King William. The ornaments being taken away by 
 the multitude (he adds), it was deposited in the Guild Hall." 
 
 Catholics. — The progress of Catholicity in Hull has kept pace 
 with the strides which it has of late years made in most parts of the 
 kingdom. Tickell tells us that the Catholics had a Chapel in 
 Postern-gate, which had been almost demolished by a fanatical mob 
 in 1780, when the riots in London and other parts of the nation, 
 excited by Lord George Gordon, spread such general alarm. The 
 Rev. Mr. Howard was then the pastor of the Catholics of Hull. 
 The Jews purchased and restored the nearly ruined Chapel, and 
 fitted it up as a Synagogue (See p. 439). We learn from Hadley 
 that the Catholics afterwards worshipped " in a room on the north 
 side of the High Church, and when he (Hadley) wrote they met in 
 Church-lane. In 1796 (when Tickell's History of Hull was pub- 
 lished) this body celebrated the sacred rites of their religion in the 
 fourth or upper story of the first house on the left-hand side of 
 Leadenhall-square, on entering that place from Low-gate. The con- 
 gregation then, and for some years later, did not exceed thirty in- 
 dividuals, and they had public service but once in every month or 
 six weeks, celebrated by the priest of Marton, in Holderness. At 
 length the Abbe Foucher, a French refugee, erected a neat Chapel 
 on the west side of North-street, Prospect-street, behind the house 
 now bearing the number 10. The Abbe, after officiating there 
 for several years, returned to his own country, where he died. The 
 North-street Chapel has been taken down. 
 
 Church of St. Charles, Jarratt-street. In 1820 a piece of vacant 
 ground on the south side of Jarratt-street was purchased for the 
 site of a new Church ; the foundation stone of the building was laid 
 on the 4th of November, 1828 (being the festival of St. Charles of 
 Borromeo, Cardinal and Archbishop of Milan, in whose honour the 
 edifice is dedicated); and the Church was opened on the 29th of 
 July, 1829, with a solemn High Mass. There were twelve priests 
 present, and the first sermon was preached by the Rev. Nicholas 
 Rigby. After having received considerable additions internally as 
 well as externally, the building was re-opened on the 20th of May, 
 1835, with splendid ceremonials. High Mass was celebrated by
 
 IIISTORY OF KTNGSTON-TjrON-IIUIX. 443 
 
 the Eight Rev. Dr. Tenswick, Bishop of Europum, and Vicar 
 Apostolic of the Northern District of England ; and there were in 
 the sanctuary sixteen priests. The Rev. J. Walker was the preacher. 
 The shape of the edifice is a well proportioned paralellogram. 
 The walls are of brick and very thick. The front, which is in the 
 Florentine style, is cemented to imitate stone, and is surmounted 
 by a massy stone cross. Within the tympanum is a large shield 
 bearing the arms, in bold relief, of the patron saint. The interior 
 of the building is finished in the Grecian style of architecture. The 
 walls are wainscotted to a considerable height, and the windows are 
 placed very high to preserve the light in case of the ground being 
 built upon at either side. Between the windows the shield of arms 
 of St. Charles is repeated twelve times ; below them is a coloured 
 cornice; and at the north end is a gallery, on which is the organ. 
 The whole of the south end of the edifice is occupied as the sanctuary, 
 the decorations of which are rich and beautiful. The high altar is 
 sarcophagus shaped, the front being covered with crimson velvet, 
 enriched with gilt fluted pilasters. The tabernacle, reredos, &c, 
 are rich in ornamentation. On either side is a small altar, suitably 
 furnished, having above them paintings representing the Assump- 
 tion of the Blessed Virgin, and St. Joseph. The entablature, which 
 rises above the high altar, is supported by four fluted columns, and 
 the whole is surmounted with a large representation of the Holy 
 Trinity. In the ornamentation of the other parts of the walls 
 of the sanctuary the fish emblem is frequently introduced ;* and 
 along the bases of the pillars and pilasters the word Humilitas is 
 often repeated — this being the motto of St. Charles. Above the 
 doors of the vestries are two large paintings — one of the Nativity, 
 and the other of St. Augustine in the robes of a Bishop. The pic- 
 ture of the Nativity was brought from France by the Abbe Foucher, 
 
 * According to Dr. Bock's Hierugia, the fish was first used hy the early Christians 
 (in the times of persecution, when they dare not possess a figure of Christ crucified, 
 nor even mention the holy name of the Redeemer), as a hieroglyphic to put them in 
 mind of their Saviour ; because the Greek word signifying a fish contained the letters 
 which compose the initials of the sacred name and titles of our Lord, as written 
 in the Greek language. These words, put into English, are "Jesus Christ, Son of 
 God, Saviour." The figure of a fish is of very frequent occurrence on the tombs of 
 the martyrs.
 
 444 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 and was the altar-piece of the North-street Chapel. The pulpit is 
 composed of metal rails. There are two monumental tablets on 
 the walls : one is inscribed to John Platford, who died in 1838, 
 aged 53, and Elizabeth Witham Platford, his second daughter, who 
 died in 1844, aged 34 ; and the other to Robert Bird, Esq., who 
 died in 1844, aged 76 years. 
 
 The Rector, or Senior priest of this Church, is the Rev. Michael 
 Trappes (who succeeded the Rev. Joseph Render in 1848), and 
 there are two assistant priests, the Rev. John Motler and the Rev. 
 Arthur Riddell. The Rectory, or residence of the Clergy, adjoins 
 the Church. Three services are celebrated every Sunday morning, 
 and at least one service every week day morning. The basement 
 story of the Church was formerly the school for the children of the 
 congregation. We have observed at page 354, that the bones of 
 some of the Carmelite friars of Hull have been deposited in a vault 
 beneath this edifice. 
 
 There is in connexion with this place of worship a Reading Room 
 (in Silvester-street) for the use of the Young Mens Society, as well 
 as for the meetings of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul. The first 
 body is combined for self improvement, and the object of the latter 
 is to visit and relieve the sick and the poor. There is likewise, in 
 connexion with this congregation, a benefit society called the Guild 
 of St. Augustine. 
 
 This Church having become too small for the accommodation of 
 the Catholics of the town, Divine worship has been conducted, since 
 the year 1850, in St. Mary's School, Wilton-street. The pastor of 
 that mission is the Rev. Joseph Geary.* 
 
 * The Eev. Luke Burke, tbe late pastor of St. Mary's, on his removal to another 
 mission, had a feeling address, a beautiful chalice, and a purse of 20 sovereigns, pre- 
 sented to him by his late congregation, on the 14th of December, 1863. On the occa- 
 sion, Mr. Hugh Boylan read the address, Mr. Bernard Daly made the presentation 
 on behalf of the subscribers to it, and neat speeches were delivered by Mr. E. Scott, 
 Mr. Charles Perdue, &c. The present pastor (P k ev. J. Geary), on being removed to 
 Hull from Huddersfield (we learn from the Huddersfield Chronicle), was complimented 
 in a similar manner by the congregation which he was quitting, "and a number of 
 admiring Protestant friends." At a large social tea meeting he was presented with 
 an affectionate address, a purse containing upwai-ds of £50., from the adults, and a 
 second address, as well as a purse, containing a small sum of money, on behalf of the 
 children of the schools.
 
 HISTORY OF KTNOSTON-UrON-IIUI.L. 445 
 
 The erection of a new Catholic Church, to be dedicated under the 
 invocation of St. Patrick, is about to be commenced in Canning- 
 street; and it is in contemplation to build a Church in Wilton- 
 street, on a site adjoining St. Mary's School. 
 
 Convent of the Immaculate Conception of Our Lady of Mercy, 
 Anlaby-road. This charitable institution, in connexion with the 
 Catholics of Hull, was founded here in 1857, and is an affiliation 
 from the Convent of Mercy in Bagot-street, Dublin. The house 
 and grounds were purchased of Mr. Malam (who had purchased 
 them of the late Mr. Keddy) for the sum of £3,800., which was 
 chiefly raised by subscription. The stables and coach-houses were 
 converted into schools for the poor girls of the Jarratt-street con- 
 gregation — about 250 of whom attend. 
 
 The object the institute or order of nuns called Sisters of Mercy 
 have in view is the visitation of the sick and the instruction and 
 education of the children of the poor.* 
 
 Schools. — The Grammar School was founded and endowed in 
 the reign of Richard III. (in 1486), by John Alcock, successively 
 Bishop of Rochester, Worcester, and Ely. The founder, who was 
 a native of Beverley, built the school-house in a garden which he 
 had inherited from his father, William Alcock, an opulent merchant, 
 on the south side of Holy Trinity Church. The school continued 
 without interruption till the reign of Edward VI., when the Chan- 
 tries, Free Schools, &c, were granted to the King, and then it was 
 suppressed, and its revenues were seized. On remonstrances, how- 
 ever, from Hull and many other towns, several schools were re- 
 established and their revenues restored, and this school was of that 
 number. In 1563 Mr. John Smith, the Mayor of the borough, 
 agreed with and obtained of the Vicar of the parish, and of a Mr. 
 Dixon, a piece of ground contiguous to the school, and belonging to 
 the Vicarage, for a yearly rent to enlarge the " school-house garth ;" 
 and, according to De la Pryme's MS., this garth or garden was fre- 
 quently given away or sold, and the school-house was often in danger 
 
 * We can find no record of a Nunnery at Hull in early times. Sir W. de la Pole 
 when he was building the Charter House, declared his intention of inviting thither 
 a community of religious sisters ; but he died before he could carry out his wishes 
 (See p. 355). The first Nunnery on English soil was established at Folkstone, by 
 St. Eanswith, the granddaughter of St. Ethelbert, in the Saxon times.
 
 446 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 of sharing a similar fate. In 1583, the old structure being then in 
 a ruinous state, William Gee, Esq., an Alderman of Hull, opened a 
 subscription for rebuilding it, himself subscribing £80., and 20,000 
 bricks for that purpose. The Corporation joined in the work, and 
 caused a second story to be added to the building, which was used 
 as a Merchants' Exchange and Assembly Eoom. The building has 
 four-light windows with brick mullions, and between the windows 
 of the lower story are three stones bearing the initial G., the date of 
 1583, and a curious merchant's mark. A stone with the same 
 mark, but bearing the date of 1585 and the initials W. G., is fixed 
 in the wall near the entrance to the upper story ; and in the front 
 of the latter story are the arms of the town, with the same date — 
 probably the year in which the building was finished. The school- 
 room is large and convenient, and the upper floor is supported by a 
 line of fluted pillars. Above the door is a portrait of Alderman 
 Gee, and over the master's seat is the town's arms, and a Greek in- 
 scription, which translates thus : — 
 
 " O well built royal town, thou hast three crowns ; 
 Therefore love the King, thy benefactor." 
 
 The annual value of the Grammar School, including the estimated 
 rents of the school-room, master's residence, &c, is upwards of £80. 
 The classics are taught free; but certain terms, fixed by the Town 
 Council, are charged for other branches. The school had an ex- 
 hibition of £40. a year to any College in Cambridge, founded by 
 Thomas Bary, or Bury, scrivener, in 1627, and augmented by Alder- 
 man Ferres in 1630 ; but this is now in the hands of the Charity 
 Trustees of the town. It has also a Scholarship of 12s. 9d. per 
 week, and rooms at Clare Hall (Cambridge), founded by Alexander 
 Metcalf. The following eminent men have been masters of this 
 school:— the Rev. Andrew Marvel, M.A., father of the eminent 
 patriot of that name; John Catlyn, originally a bricklayer, but who, 
 by the force of his genius and application, became a great proficient 
 in the learned languages;* the Rev. John Clarke, M.A., the trans- 
 lator of Suetonius and Sallust ; and the Ptev. Joseph Milner, M.A., 
 
 * Mr. Catlyn, who became Head Master about the year 1665, was a great bene- 
 factor to the school library, and he has left an emblematical picture to the school, 
 with some testimony both in prose and verse, of his character and literary taste.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 447 
 
 author of a History of the Church. Amongst the most eminent men 
 educated here were Andrew Marvel, M.P. for Hull ; Dr. Thomas 
 Watson, Bishop of St. David's ; William Wilberforce, Esq., M.P. ; 
 Isaac Milner, D.D., Dean of Carlisle; and the late Archdeacon 
 Wraugham. The lectureship of the Church of the Holy Trinity 
 was formerly enjoyed by the Master of this school. Mr. John D. 
 Sollitt is the present Master.* There are four assistant masters. 
 
 Adjoining the Grammar School is a good house for the Head 
 Master. The present Vicar of Hull remembers this house to have 
 had a thatched roof. 
 
 The upper story of the school building originally formed two 
 rooms, but the smallest of them has been divided. These apart- 
 ments, which have been used as a private school for about a cen- 
 tury, are reached by a long massive old oak staircase, at the west 
 end of the building. 
 
 The Vicar's School, established in 1734 by the Eev. W. Mason 
 (father of the poet), was, until 1857, when it was amalgamated with 
 the- National school in Humber-street, held in a building in Vicar- 
 lane. According to an inscription above the door, the school was 
 founded " in commemoration of the blessings of the Revolution ;" 
 and the building was re-erected in 1792. From 50 to 00 boys were 
 educated here free, and the school was supported partly by an an- 
 nual collection in the parish Church, and partly by the Corporation. 
 
 The Marine School, in the Trinity House, is noticed in the ac- 
 count of the latter institution. 
 
 Cogans Charity School, Salthouse-lane, was founded and endowed 
 by William Cogan, or Coggan, Esq., Alderman, in 1753, for clothing 
 and instructing twenty poor girls, who are allowed to remain in the 
 school three years, and are then succeeded by others. Marriage 
 portions of six pounds are given to each of them, who, previous to her 
 marriage, has been seven years in respectable servitude. In 1822 
 the Trustees of the charity were enabled to increase the number 
 of scholars from twenty to forty ; and for several years the number 
 
 * Mr. Sollitt, who has been Master of the Grammar School for 23 years, is allowed 
 to be a good analytical chemist, and an excellent lecturer on almost every branch of 
 science. He has been one of the chief props of the Hull Mechanics' Institute, and 
 for the long term of 25 years he has filled the offices of President, Vice-President, 
 and Committee-man of that institution.
 
 44:8 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 has been sixty. The original endowment consisted of the founder's 
 dwelling-house and another house, both situated in Bowlalley-lane, 
 and £2,000. annuity stock. In 1762 he gave a further sum of £500. 
 to the Trustees of the school, the interest to be expended partly in 
 the purchase of books tending to promote the knowledge and prac- 
 tice of true religion and virtue ; and partly for the before-mentioned 
 marriage portions. The dress of the children consist of white straw 
 bonnets, brown merino frocks, and blue cloth cloaks, all trimmed 
 with orange. In sumnler, instead of the cloaks, they have white 
 muslin handkerchiefs and brown raw silk shawls. Alderman Cogan 
 also bequeathed, in 1787, a sum of money for apprenticing poor boys, 
 preference to be given to the sons of freemen of Hull. Over the 
 doorway of the school-house is a stone tablet, thus inscribed: — 
 "O. M. T. B. (across one end of the stone); A. A. S. T. G. (the 
 top line) ; 0. L. J. C. (across the other end) ; T. M. 0. M. S. Amen 
 (at the bottom), with " 17 W. C. 55 " in the centre. The latter are 
 the initials of the founder and the date of the building ; and the 
 other letters are stated by Hadley to be the initials of the following 
 prayer : — " Most Transcendent Being, Aid And Sanctify This Gift. 
 Lord Jesus Christ, That Many Orphans May Say Amen"* 
 
 National Schools. — Several of these schools, in connexion with 
 the various places of worship in Hull, are now in full operation. 
 
 The Holy Trinity Parish Schools are held in Humber-street and 
 Mason-street. The premises in Humber-street consists of a two 
 storied building, comprising two long school rooms, two class rooms, 
 and a dwelling for the master. The foundation stone was laid May 
 3rd, 1857, by the Vicar, and the building was opened on the 30th 
 of the following December ; on which occasion a short appropriate 
 religious service was conducted in the lower school by the Rev. H. 
 G. Kinnear ; and after that a numerous and respectable auditory 
 adjourned to the upper room, where tea was provided by the ladies 
 ef the congregation. The building, which is in the Gothic style, 
 
 * Tickell mentions three Spinning Schools in Hull, iD his time, supported hy vol- 
 untary subscription. In each of them 31 girls were clothed and educated. One of 
 these — and the only one we have been able to trace — was held in Keeling's-entry (23, 
 Myton-gate), in the first building on the left hand, entering from Myton-gate. The 
 costume of the scholars was a straw bonnet with purple ribbons, a brown frock, white 
 ■collar, buckle shoes, and blue stockings. This school was given up about 181 0.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 449 
 
 is of red stock bricks with stone dressings, relieved with letters, 
 devices, &c, formed in vitrified bricks. The gable fronting Hum- 
 ber-street is surmounted by a bell-turret, and behind the buildings 
 is a spacious play ground. Adjoining the schools is a house for the 
 schoolmaster. The number of children in attendance is about 350 ; 
 and 70 attend an Infant School in Blackfriar-gate. The Humber- 
 street schools occupy a portion of the ground on which stood the 
 old South End Battery. The site was purchased from the Corpo- 
 poration for £730.; and the whole cost of the buildings, as stated 
 on the parchment inserted in the foundation stone, was estimated at 
 £2,030. — whereof £1,090. was raised by subscription, and £940. 
 was granted by the Committee of Privy Council on Education. 
 
 Mason-street, or Trippett Schools. — The building in which these 
 schools are held was a place of worship called "Jehovah Jireh 
 Chapel," erected in 1822. It belonged to the Primitive Methodists, 
 and has been altered to fit its present uses. The money for this 
 was obtained by voluntary contributions. The schools were opened 
 in January, 1859, and the event was commemorated by a soiree in 
 the Music Hall. The front of the building has been neatly ce- 
 mented, and the building itself is now in two stories. The number 
 of children who attend is about 360.* 
 
 St. Mary's Parish Schools. — These are the "Hull National Schools" 
 in Salthouse-lane, and an Infant-school in High-street, in the whole 
 of which about 500 children are educated. The buildings in Salt- 
 house-lane are commodious and well adapted to their uses, with 
 open roofs and circular-headed windows. The lower stories are let 
 to merchants, and used as stores. 
 
 St. Peters, Drypool. — The two-storied school building belonging 
 to the parish of Drypool, erected in 1829, and at which about 500 
 children attend, is about to be sold, and new elegant schools are 
 
 * These Schools owe their origin to Miss Bromhy (daughter of the Vicar), who, 
 several years ago, began by collecting a few little children in the small vestry of the 
 Charter House. The inmates of the latter institution having complained of the noise 
 made by the children, and also that their Chapel had been used as a School, attention 
 was directed to the finding of another room. The Chapel mentioned in the text was 
 then vacant, and there were school-rooms behind it; some of which Miss Bromby 
 rented, and at first, by herself, taught the children. But other good ladies soon 
 joined her in this self-imposed duty ; and, after many months, the Chapel was pur 
 chased and altered for the purposes of schools. 
 
 3 M
 
 450 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 now in course of construction. The site for the schools, in Pros- 
 pect-place, valued at £1,000., is the munificent gift of Miss Popple, 
 of Welton, and the building will cost about £1,500. — of which 
 sum the Committee of Council on Education granted £668. The 
 edifice, which is handsome, and forms a sort of quadrangle, con- 
 sists of three large school rooms, with a class room and play-ground 
 to each, and is of red brick with stone dressings, relieved with black 
 bricks. It is in the Geometrical Gothic style. The front and the 
 ends present gables, in each of which is a three-light traceried 
 window ; in the centre is a bell-cote ; and each school room has a 
 porched entrance. The windows are chiefly of three lights each ; 
 the roofs are open. The building was in actual progress when the 
 ceremony of laying the corner stone was performed, by his Grace 
 the Archbishop of York, on the day he re-opened St. Mary's Church, 
 August 27th, 1863. The stone bears an appropriate inscription, 
 and is on a level with the pavement, immediately beneath the cen- 
 tral front window. Mr. William Kerby is the architect, and the 
 builder is Mr. Kichard Haswell. The stone used in the construc- 
 tion of this building was brought from the old Citadel, and origi- 
 nally formed part of some ecclesiastical edifice (See p. 382). The 
 schools will be opened about Easter in the present year (1864). 
 
 Sculcoates Schools. — These schools were opened in 1852. The 
 building is near the Church, and is a very neat one, of red brick 
 with white brick ornaments. In the centre of the front is a gable, 
 crowned by a small bell-cote resembling a crocheted pinnacle. The 
 average number of boys and girls in attendance is about 160. 
 
 St. John's Schools, Waltham-street. — The schools belonging to 
 St. John's District have been held here in a large plain commodious 
 two-storied red brick building, since 1853. About 330 children 
 attend on an average. 
 
 St. James's Schools, Porter-street. — A large two-storied building 
 of red brick with stone window cases, and a somewhat ornamental 
 front, erected in 1844. The number of boys, girls, and infants 
 usually in attendance is nearly 700. 
 
 St. Stephen's Schools. — The school for boys is held in a commo- 
 dious brick edifice, in Collier-street, which was originally built for 
 a Sunday School. Of late years it has been altered and enlarged.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULI.. 451 
 
 The Girls' School is in Spring-street, and is a neat edifice of white 
 brick, with a large triplet window in the end abutting on the street, 
 and a bell-cote on the gable of the same end. The school-room is 
 large and airy, and there are two glass lanterns in the roof. At- 
 tached are four class rooms. The foundation stone of this building 
 was laid by Sir Henry Cooper, Knt, M.D., on the 11th of April, 
 1855. In the school-room is a library of about 1,200 vols, for the 
 use of the district. The Infant School is held in East-cheap. The 
 average number of children in attendance at the three schools is 
 about 580. 
 
 Christ Church Schools. — These are held in a two-storied orna- 
 mental building, close to the Church to which they belong. The 
 schools were opened on the 10th of January, 1849, and the number 
 of children now in attendance is about 360. The front (the east 
 end) has a good cut stone doorway, and above it is a Gothic window 
 of four lights, with good tracery in the head. The windows are 
 noble looking, and the outer mouldings rest on corbelled heads, well 
 sculptured. 
 
 St. PauVs Schools. — The foundation stone of the school building, 
 on the north side of St. Paul's Church, was laid by Alexander 
 Samuelson, Esq., on the 11th of September, 1857. The building 
 is of white brick with stone finishings, and the neat front is in keep- 
 ing with the style of the Church. The beautiful school-room mea- 
 sures 70£ feet by 35 ; it is lighted by fourteen three-light windows ; 
 and the roof is high pitched and open. There are two good class- 
 rooms, and the play-ground is extensive. The cost of this building, 
 exclusive of the site, was about £9,000. — raised by subscription, 
 aided by Government grants. Mr. W. Botterill designed it. There 
 is another good school-room in Oxford-street, which was built out 
 of the proceeds of a fancy bazaar ; and to which a large class-room 
 has just been added. From the time of the appointment of the 
 present Incumbent of St. Paul's to the opening of the new Church, 
 this room was licensed, and had Divine service performed in it. 
 About 500 children attend St. Paul's schools. 
 
 St. Mark's Schools. — The building for these schools is a very 
 commodious one, of brick, erected in 1857, on the north side of the 
 Church. The roof is open to the timber, as indeed are most of the
 
 452 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 roofs of the school buildings already noticed. Annexed are class- 
 rooms and play-grounds. Number of children in attendance, 250. 
 
 Newland School. — This is held in the small neat building near 
 the Parsonage House. It is endowed with £100., left in 1813 by 
 Joseph Meadley. About 50 children attend. 
 
 South Myton Wesleyan Schools, Adelaide-street. — On the 3rd of 
 July, 1849, Thomas Holmes, Esq., laid the foundation stone of 
 these schools, on which occasion a suitably inscribed silver trowel 
 was presented to that gentleman. The schools were opened in 
 1850. The building is a good one, of brick with cut stone window 
 frames, and is fronted with iron palisades. The school premises 
 communicate with the Great Thornton-street Chapel. About 500 
 children attend. The Wesleyan School for North Myton is behind 
 Scott-street Chapel, and occupies a portion of the site of the old 
 Workhouse of Sculcoates. It is a small but commodious building. 
 Number of children in attendance, about 120. 
 
 British Schools. — There ara two schools conducted on the British 
 and Foreign system. One is in Castle-row — a large plain brick 
 building, attended by 250 children; and the other in Dansome- 
 lane, erected in 1838, and attended by about 450 children. The 
 latter building has a neat front, in the Tudor style, with an oriel 
 window in the upper story. The cost of erecting both schools was 
 raised in shares of £5. each, aided by grants respectively of £300. 
 and £450. from the Government. 
 
 St. Charles's Catholic Schools, Pryme-street. — These schools were 
 opened in 1860, previous to which the Catholic School building was 
 in Canning-street, but its site now forms part of the Messrs. Jame- 
 son's sail-cloth factory. The Pryme-street schools are a good range 
 of red brick building, with cut stone finishings, and their ground 
 plan describes exactly the Koman letter E. The front exhibits five 
 three-light windows, two of which are much larger than the others, 
 being gable windows. The roofs, which are high-pitched and open 
 to the timbers, are crested with ridge tiles, and surmounted by a 
 ventilating turret crowned with a gilt cross. There are stone crosses 
 on the gables. Over the outer eutrauce, on a scroll, is the word 
 Hwnilitas, a motto peculiar to St. Charles of Borromeo. The play- 
 ground is extensive, and contains the best Gymnasium in Hull.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UTON-IIUT.L. 453 
 
 Adjoining the schools is a good residence for the schoolmaster. A 
 collection of objects, to illustrate lessons in natural history, is being 
 formed, including specimens of the chief articles of commerce im- 
 ported into Hull. The school is likewise furnished with Geome- 
 trical models, some mechanical apparatus, and a fine microscope. 
 The average number of boys in attendance is about 180, and of in- 
 fants about 70. Mr. Mark Eiley is the Master, and the infants are 
 taught by the Sisters of Mercy. The Girls' School is at the Con- 
 vent on the Anlaby road (See p. 445). The cost of the Pryme-street 
 schools, including the site, was £2,500., raised by subscription, aided 
 by a Government grant. 
 
 St. Marys Catholic School, Wilton-street. — The foundation stone 
 of this building was laid on the 15th of October, 1855, by the Right 
 Rev. Dr. Briggs, Bishop of Beverley, and the edifice was opened on 
 the 8th of October, 1856. It is a handsome structure of red brick, 
 in the Early Euglish style, and comprises a school-room, 90 feet by 
 30, with a class-room at each end. The high pitched roof attains 
 a height of 43 feet. The walls are buttressed between the windows, 
 and a bell-cote rises 16 feet above the ridge of the roof. The gables, 
 which are coped with stone, are terminated by an ornamental stone 
 cross ; and there are four porched entrances. Adjoining is a good 
 house for the schoolmaster, and the play-ground is extensive. The 
 cost of the building was about £2,700., including the site. This is 
 a mixed school ; about 120 children attend ; and at present it is 
 conducted by Sisters of Mercy, from the Convent of Mercy. 
 
 The various Sunday Schools of Hull, in connexion with the 
 Churches and Chapels, are numerously attended. We have seen 
 (at page 212) that 17,000 children, attending the National and 
 Sunday Schools of the town, assembled together on the marriage 
 day of the Prince of Wales, in 1863. 
 
 ANCIENT HOSPITALS.— Amongst the religious institutions 
 in Hull, called Hospitals, whose foundations were seized at the 
 Pteforrnation, three of them were refounded in the succeeding reign, 
 in consequence of the clamours of the people. These were the 
 Charter House and two small hospitals founded by Alderman Gregg 
 and Dr. Riplingham. The latter almshouse is not now in ex-
 
 454 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 istence (See p. 357.) The Suppressed Hospitals, which were not 
 restored, are noticed at page 356. 
 
 Charter House, Charter House-lane. — As shown at page 355, 
 Sir Michael de la Pole, Knt, in 1384, founded an Hospital with a 
 Chapel, for 26 poor men and women, "feeble and old," in Myton, 
 near Hull, which was called La Maison Dieu, or Gods' House. 
 From the charter of foundation we learn that it was dedicated " to 
 the honour of Almighty God, and the most glorious Virgin Mary 
 his mother, and St. Michael the archangel, and all archangels, 
 angels, and holy spirits, and of St. Thomas the martyr, late Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury, and all saints of God." Sir Richard Killing, 
 or Killum, priest, * was the first Master and keeper of the Hospital, 
 and the charter ordained " that every Master thereafter him have 
 likewise the order of priesthood, and be of thirty years of age or 
 more," to be nominated by the founder or his heirs, being lords of 
 Myton ; " and that the said poor men and women, brothers and 
 sisters, be under the obedience of the said Master, and that the said 
 Master have a mansion or habitation for himself, within or nigh 
 the said house." The poor people were "to take care to resort 
 every day before dinner unto the Chapel to hear Divine service there 
 to be continually said ; and in the afternoon to betake themselves to 
 some honest occupation. And in their said prayers they were es- 
 pecially to recommend the state of the King (Richard II.), the 
 founder of the hospital, and several members of the De la Pole 
 family ; and after the death of the said King, the founder, &c, the 
 poor were bound to pray daily for the eternal repose of their souls, 
 as well as of all Christian souls departed. The charter ordains that 
 the Master should receive £10. per ann., and that each of the poor 
 brethren and sisters should be allowed 40s. a year, " for all their 
 necessaries as well for their living and clothing." The original 
 endowment consisted of an acre and a half of ground adjoining the 
 hospital ; five messuages, with their appurtenances, in the town of 
 Kingston-upon-Hull ; one messuage, four bovates of land, four acres 
 of meadow, and ten acres of pasture, in Cottingham ; and nine acres 
 
 * Before the Preformation, and for some time after, priests enjoyed the Knightly 
 title of Sir. It was also an early designation of a Bachelor of Arts.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 455 
 
 of land, with the appurtenances, in Willerby. And to provide 
 against necessities and mischances that may happen, the charter 
 ordained, "that there be for ever for the future a chest kept in the 
 Treasury of the Priory adjoining, under the custody of the Master, 
 Prior, and Mayor of the town of Hull," in which the founder placed 
 " one hundred marks of silver, to be lent into sure hands," and the 
 interest thereof to be always put in the said chest, and the principal 
 to be ready to be called in when there is any need thereof." 
 
 In 1394 Pope Boniface IX. granted a bull to licence the Chapel 
 for the celebration of Divine worship ; and Pope Martin V. granted 
 another bull for confirming Samuel Burton, or Barton, Master, and 
 his successors, in full possession. In 1408 (9 Hen. IV.) the endow- 
 ment of the hospital was increased by a grant of nearly fourscore 
 acres of pasture, meadow, and wood, with rents in Myton, Hessle, 
 West-Ella, &c. This grant was confirmed by letters patent, in 
 favour of Michael de la Pole and Edmund de la Pole, descendants 
 of the founder, and Christopher and Robert Dal ton, clerks ; and the 
 deed was dated at Wingfield, and witnessed by the Mayor of Hull. 
 
 At the period of the change in religion, this hospital, as before 
 intimated, had a narrow escape from being lost to the cause of charity 
 for ever. The charter for restoring the institution (6 Edw. VI., 
 1553) grants to the Mayor and Burgesses the manor of Myton, 
 which had been forfeited to the Crown on the attainder for high 
 treason of Edmund de la Pole, in 1506 ; and also " the presentation, 
 free disposition, and rights of patronage "of this hospital. The 
 Corporation have ever since exercised the right of appointing the 
 Master and poor people of the hospital. In 1571, the Corporation 
 established ordinances for the better government of the institution. 
 They ordained that there should be " six brothers and six sisters," 
 the number to be increased should the revenues be augmented; 
 that the Master's stipend should be £10. per annum, according to 
 the first foundation, and £3. 6s. 8d. " for his better maintenance." 
 And " for the better comfort and succour of the poor brethren and 
 sisters, when visited by the hand of God with sickness, diseases, 
 &c," the Master (by the ordinances) was required to visit them, and 
 pray with them, " except in time of plague, pestilence, or any con- 
 tagious distempers." In 1638 the rental of the charity amounted
 
 456 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 to £133. per annum, and there were then in the hospital twelve 
 poor brethren at 14s., and six poor sisters at 12s. per week. In 
 1654 an order was made to admit into the house the whole number 
 of poor persons, according to the original foundation. 
 
 During the siege of Hull the hospital and the Master's house 
 were destroyed (See p. 124), and in 1645 the hospital was rebuilt 
 at a cost of £474., towards which expense, Mr. Stiles, the Master, 
 was paid £278. 13s. 4d., by order of Lord Fairfax, Governor of the 
 town. In 1780 the old building was taken down, and the present 
 hospital and chapel erected, upon a handsome and commodious 
 plan ; and in 1803 some further rooms were built in addition to 
 the hospital, for the accommodation of an increased number of pen- 
 sioners. The old building was picturesque in appearance, and the 
 only entrance to it from the town was by Trippett and Charter 
 House-alley, now Charter House-lane. At the west end of the alley 
 was a large old gateway, which led into the fields or gardens, before 
 Sykes-street, or any of the adjoining streets were formed. 
 
 The present buildings are of brick, two stories in height, and 
 consists of a centre with wings, with another range behind them. 
 The hospital is entered by a semi-circular portico supported by six 
 Tuscan pillars, and on the architrave is the following inscription : — 
 Deo et pauberibus, Michael de la Pole, Comes de Suffolk, has ccdas 
 posuit a.d. 1384. — Renovatas iterum auctiusque instauratas pia fun- 
 datoris memor'w D.D. Johannes Bourne, Rector, a.d. 1780. Above 
 this portal is a pediment, within the tympanum of which are the 
 arms of the De la Poles ; and on the summit of the roof is a circular 
 turret of eight Ionic pillars, with a dome. The Chapel is large and 
 well furnished, and contains mural monuments to the four last 
 Masters of the institution, viz., Rev. John Clarke, M.A., 52 years 
 Master, who died in 1768; Rev. John Browne, M.A., 37 years 
 Master, who died in 1805 ; Rev. Kyngsman Baskett, M.A., 27 
 years Master, who died in 1833 ; Rev. T. Dykes, LL.B., 14 years 
 Master (founder of St. John's Church — See p. 395), who died in 
 1847; and the Rev. George Moore Carrick, M.A., who died in 
 1849. The pulpit is curious and half-circle shaped, and there is a 
 glass dome in the roof. Full service is performed here on Sundays, 
 and prayers are read on Wednesdays and Fridays.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-Ul'ON-IIULL. 457 
 
 The income of the property belonging to the hospital yielded, last 
 year, the sum of £2,477. There are now 70 poor aged persons in 
 the hospital, each of whom has a good room, an allowance of Gs. per 
 week, coals, and medical attendance. The salary of the Master was 
 £100. a year until 1813, when it was ordered by the Court of Chan- 
 cery, on a petition presented by the Master for the purpose, to be 
 increased to £200. a year, which is the present amount. The Master 
 has also a house and garden opposite to the hospital. The present 
 Master is the Rev. J. H. Bromby, M.A. (Vicar of Hull), who suc- 
 ceeded to the office in November, 1849. 
 
 Trinity House, Trinity House-lane. — This is the most promi- 
 nent, and one of the most ancient institutions in Hull. On the 
 4th of June, 1369, a fraternity called the Guild of the Holy Trinity 
 was founded, by Robert Marshall, Alderman, William Scott, John 
 de Wormley and his wife, Hugh de Hughtoft and his wife, and 
 other persons, to the number of thirty, who entered into an agree, 
 ment to ordain, found, and appoint, the aforesaid guild to the 
 honour of the Holy Trinity, to be held yearly at Kingston-upon- 
 Hull, on the feast of the Holy Trinity ; and to the maintaining and 
 perpetual supporting of the fraternity, the members, of their own 
 free and good will, bound themselves and their successors to pay 
 two shillings in silver, at four times of the year, by several por- 
 tions. The deed of agreement, which is still in existence ordained 
 and strictly enjoined that all the brothers and sisters of the guild 
 be present in the Church of the Holy Trinity (without a rea- 
 sonable excuse), to carry the candle of the guild, under the penalty 
 of one pound of wax ; and that when any of the brothers or sis- 
 ters of the guild should die, their funeral should be celebrated in 
 the town of Hull, and all the brothers and sisters should be pre- 
 sent at the dirge and mass ; making offerings there for the soul 
 of the deceased, under penalty for absence, of one pound of wax; 
 and that four tapers should be kept burning, and thirty masses 
 should be celebrated immediately after the burial, or at least within 
 the first week. It also ordained amongst other things, that " if any 
 brother or sister languished in a perpetual infirmity, so that they 
 could not support themselves," they should receive eightpence per 
 week, and at the feast of St. Martin, a tunic, and a little cap ; and
 
 458 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 in case the goods of the guild should not be sufficient, it was de- 
 creed that a collection should be made for the benefit of the infirm. 
 Among the witnesses to this deed were Robert Selby, the Mayor, 
 and William de Cave and William de Bubwith, Bailiffs. 
 
 The perusal of the constitutions shows that it was not a marine, 
 but a strictly religious institution ; but there is strong ground for 
 supposing that previous to the foundation of the fraterninity, there 
 existed in Hull a marine brotherhood called the Shipmans Guild.* 
 which, about the year 1457, was amalgamated with the Trinity 
 Guild. In the above year Kobert Saunderson and others, " mas- 
 ters and rectors of ships (in all probability the representatives of 
 the united body), by good deliberation and advice of the merchants, 
 owners, and possessors, of all the ships belonging to the port of 
 Hull, ordained, in honour of the Blessed Trinity, and of the Bles- 
 sed Virgin our Lady St. Mary, an house of alms " in Hull, for poor 
 mariners, " to be sustained and charitably relieved with lowage 
 and stowage, that is to say all profits in money that shall hereafter 
 grow, or be taken of every ship of the said port of Hull." The 
 constitutions of the brotherhood also specifies that the masters of 
 all ships in Hull shall agree with the owners of such ships, " that 
 all the money coming from lowage and stowage shall be paid to 
 the Aldermen of the fraternity of the Trinity, for the support of 
 the charity aforesaid, on pain of forfeiture of so much money as the 
 lowage and stowage " might amount to ; and the further sum of ten 
 marks " as often as he be found guilty." 
 
 King Henry VIII. incorporated a certain number of the brethren 
 in 1521, and empowered them to purchase lands and tenements to 
 the amount of ten pounds a year, and to receive a certain duty called 
 ■primage, for the support of the Chapel, a chaplain, and thirteen poor 
 
 * Chaucer, the " father of English Poetry," alludes in somewhat complimentary 
 terms to the Hull Mariners of the 14th century, in his " Canterbury Tales," written 
 about the year 1350. The poet describes a " Schipman," or mariner, who was one of 
 a party of pilgrims to the shrine of St. Thomas of Canterbury, as the beau ideal of a 
 brave seaman, and, by way of climax to the portrait, he says that " Ther was non such 
 from Hull to Cartage " (Carthage) — meaning, we presume, that there had been no 
 better seaman from the time that the ancient port of Carthage flourished, to the period 
 in which he ( Chaucer) wrote, when Hull was the port par excellence, and her mariners 
 model seamen. See vol XXIV. of the Percy Society's publications, p. 19.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 459 
 
 decayed seamen. Edward VI. confirmed this charter, in the first 
 year of his reign; and in the same year "Henry Creswell and 
 William Angle, Wardens and Masters of the Trinity House, by 
 virtue and authority of the King's Majesty's charter," assembled 
 " all the masters and mariners in their common house, where, by 
 consent of the whole fellowship, they instituted certain ordinances 
 after the purport of their charter, to abide for ever. The charters 
 were also confirmed by Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth. The 
 latter monarch, in 1567, granted a power to determine maritime 
 differences between masters and their seamen ; to restrain mariners, 
 being examined and not found qualified by the fraternity, from 
 taking charge of vessels; and to take twenty nobles (£6. 13s. 4d.) 
 for freighting foreigners. 
 
 Mr. (afterwards Alderman) Ferres, an Elder Brother, and three 
 times Warden of the guild, was the principal benefactor to this in- 
 stitution. Having, a few years previously, purchased the site of 
 the house, together with the garden and grounds of the suppressed 
 Monastery of the White Friars (See p. 353), he obtained a license, 
 dated 10th July, 1021 (19 Jas. I.), to grant the same " for the repa- 
 ration of the Chapel of the Guild or Fraternity of the Trinity House, 
 and the support and relief of poor infirm mariners, seamen, and 
 other persons there to be relieved." In 1025 he built an almshouse 
 at his own cost, adjoining to the Trinity House, and called it 
 "Ferres' Hospital." He placed in it ten widows, and maintained 
 them during his lifetime. The total number of in-pensioners main- 
 tained by the Trinity House at this time was fourteen. On the 
 founder's death the hospital which he had erected became the pro- 
 perty of the Trinity House, and the iumates were afterwards main- 
 tained by the Corporation of that institution.* The following par- 
 ticulars of this worthy gentleman, to whom Hull is so greatly in- 
 debted, have been extracted and condensed from a MSS. account 
 of him in the possession of E. S. Wilson, Esq. 
 
 * William Kobinson, Esq. (Sheriff of Hull in 1682, and in no way connected with 
 the house), was also a considerable benefactor. He conveyed to the guild an almhouse 
 for the use of poor seamen, their wives and widows for ever. In 1755, a person unr 
 known gave the sum of £100. as a present to the guild, through Mr. Purver, an Elder 
 Brother.
 
 400 HISTORY OF KINQSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Thomas Ferres, or Ferries, is said by some to have been born at Egton, or Danby, 
 in the North Riding of Yorkshire, and by others at some place further north, and to 
 have come into the neighbourhood of Danby as a tramp ; but all are agreed in the 
 poverty of his origin, and that he spent some portion of his early life at Danby. There 
 is a tradition in that neighbourhood, that in crossing by stepping stones, over the 
 river Esk, when swollen by rains, he fell in, and was nearly drowned, and that in 
 gratitude for his own preservation, and with that charitable regard for others for 
 which he was so eminently distinguished in after life, he made a vow that if ever he 
 was able he would build a bridge there. In a modern guide book to Whitby and its 
 neighbourhood, a love story is interwoven with this vow, and the hero is a young 
 sailor, and "an Egton man." The bridge is of one arch, and is generally known as 
 the "Beggar's Bridge," though sometimes called the "Lover's Bridge." It bears 
 the initials of Ferres, and the date of 1621. 
 
 Ferres was born about the year 1568, and was apprenticed to Thomas Humphrey, 
 of Hull, master mariner and shipowner — afterwards Weighmaster, or Superintendent 
 of the Woolhouse or Weigh-house — and in 1596 he was admitted and sworn a burgess 
 of Hull in right of his apprenticeship. The fact of his having been apprenticed in 
 Hull, led some to the belief that he was born here, but in his will he records his 
 gratitude to God, for the blessings bestowed upon him since his coming to this town. 
 In the year in which he took up his freedom here he was master of a coasting vessel 
 called the "Francis," and he continued at sea for about eighteen years after this 
 period. In 1602 he was admitted a Younger Brother of the Trinity House of Hull. 
 In 1612 he erected a wall round the western portion of the yard of the Holy Trinity 
 Church at Hull, which up to that period had been uninclosed. In 1613 Ferres was 
 made an Assistant of the Trinity House, and in the following year he settled on shore. 
 In the latter year (1614) he was selected by the Brethren to procure for them the 
 royal arms, to be placed in the pediment in front of the house. In the same year 
 he was Sheriff of Hull ; three years later he became an Elder Brother, and was elected 
 Warden of the Trinity House; and in 1620 he filled the office of Mayor of Hull. It 
 was whilst he held the office of Mayor, that Ferres gave to the Trinity House, in aid 
 of the charities connected with it, the estate called the Whitefriars, then of the annual 
 value of about ,£50. per annum. At present it is worth upwards of i- 3,000. a year.. 
 
 Ferres was elected Warden of Trinity House, a second time, in 1622, and for the 
 third time in 1627. He died in 1631, at the age of 62, and was, according to the 
 directions contained in his will, buried in the grave of his first wife in the north aisle 
 of the choir of Holy Trinity Church, where there is, in the north wall, a wooden monu- 
 ment to him, containing a portrait. In the transept of the same Church is a marble 
 memorial of him (See p. 376). Ferres was twice married, but died childless. 
 
 By his will he devised to the Corporation of Hull a farm at Ferriby, the rents to be 
 spent in apprenticing poor fatherless children of Hull, to such trades as they shall be 
 adapted to. He bequeathed specific legacies for the maintenance of a poor scholar of 
 Hull at the Uuiversities of Cambridge or Oxford, from time to time, for ever; and for 
 a stock for setting the poor of the Charity Hall of Hull " on worke," and for paying 
 a man to teach the poor children. He also left an annuity for the Minister of Glais- 
 dale Chapel, in the parish of Danby, and for the repairs of that Chapel ; and a small 
 annuity to the Churchwardens of Danby parish. After bequeathing pecuniary legacies 
 to the Corporation of the Trinity House and to others, he gives to the former a curious 
 drinking cup called " Preston's Scale," being a nut set in silver double gilt; twelve 
 " Apostle Spoons; " a double salt, &c. All the articles still exist. It is supposed that 
 the drinking cup was the scale or measure of the daily quantity of wine which Mr. 
 Preston (whoever he was) allowed himself. It is not unlikely that the cup belonged
 
 HTSTORT OF TUNGSTON-UPON-HULT.. 401 
 
 to Alderman Preston, who was Mayor of TIull in 1017, and is well spoken of by Taylor 
 for his hospitality (See p. <'U7). In his lite time Alderman Ferres gave a Sacramental 
 cup to the Holy Trinity Church, which is still amongst its plate. 
 
 Mr. William Popple, brother-in-law to Ferres, was one of his executors. The pre- 
 sent Vicar of Holy Trinity is the great grandson of the grand-daughter of this gen- 
 tleman; and Miss Popple, of Welton, is the daughter of the great grandson of his 
 grandson. Mr. Popple had married the sister of Alderman Ferres, by whom he had 
 three children, Edmund, who was married to Andrew Marvel's sister; William, of 
 whom Miss Popple is a lineal descendant ; and Anne, afterwards married to Hum- 
 phrey Duncalf, Esq., Mayor of Hull in 1(308, and from whom the Eev. J. H. Bromby 
 is descended. 
 
 A story has been handed down to the effect that Alderman Ferres' riches were sud- 
 denly acquired ; that, at a time when the plague was raging in London, several per- 
 sons of wealth and station brought their valuables on board his ship; and that before 
 they got the whole of their property removed, they and their families fell victims to 
 that fearful pestilence ; or that they died on board his ship. Some say that he had 
 the property given to him ; others that he was never able to discover the repre- 
 sentatives of those deceased, and that the property remained in his hands. Mr. 
 Wilson (in the note book to which we have alluded), after stating that he had been 
 unable to discover the authority on which these statements rest, very properly ob- 
 serves, " but Ferres' character and his high associations in subsequent life are such 
 as to place him above the suspicion of having been guilty of any improper act re- 
 specting the property with which he had been entrusted." 
 
 la 1680 Charles II. confirmed the charter, and appointed the 
 Corporation of Trinity House to be Curators of the haven, with 
 power to examine and swear witnesses in maritime causes, to pur- 
 chase, to make bye-laws, to levy and receive primage for the support 
 of poor mariners and their wives and widows, to afford relief to ship- 
 wrecked mariners, and to place buoys and beacons in the river 
 Humber, for which navigation, as well as for the North and Baltic 
 seas, they have the licensing of the pilots. 
 
 The Trinity House, where the business of the Corporation is 
 transacted, was built in 1457, on ground purchased of the Carmelite 
 friars, as appears from the original deed, yet extant; and it was re- 
 erected in 1753. The edifice, which is of brick, stuccoed, and in 
 the Tuscan style of architecture, consists of four sides surrounding 
 a spacious area or court, three of which contain thirty rooms for 
 younger brothers and master mariners' widows. The front of the 
 edifice has stone rustic quoins, stone base, stone architrave windows 
 and cornice, and a pediment entirely of freestone, with a largo carving 
 of the royal arms, supported by figures of Neptune and Britannia. 
 The west side of the house contains the hall, housekeepers' rooms, 
 &c. ; over which are two handsome apartments neatly decorated —
 
 462 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPOX-HULL. 
 
 the Dining and Council Rooms — also, a beautiful Reading Room, 
 a small Museum, and the offices of the Secretary. 
 
 The staircase leading to this suite of apartments is a good one, 
 and on the walls of it, as well as on the landing, are several good 
 portraits and pictures. One of the latter, 17 feet wide by 13 feet 
 high, represents the battle of the Nile, immediately after the explo- 
 sion of the L'Orient. This fine painting is the gift of E. Coulson, 
 Esq., and was executed by Messrs. Smirke and Anderson. Amongst 
 the portraits are those of Sir Samuel Standidge, Knt., Captain Cooke, 
 and F. Hall, Esq. In the Dining Room is a full length portrait of 
 King George III. in his coronation robes ; and an original of Wil- 
 liam, Prince of Orange, afterwards William III. In the Council 
 Room are portraits of the last named monarch, a fine full length of 
 Queen Victoria, by Sant, aud of Alderman Ferres, Andrew Marvel, 
 Admiral Sir Charles Saunders, and Sir George Saville. The Mu- 
 seum contains, among other curiosities, beautiful models of a 74 gun 
 ship, and of Queen Anne's Yacht, as well as a curious model of the 
 mast of the Victory, after the battle of Trafalgar. Also two long 
 horns of the unicorn, a Greenland bear's head, a seal alligator, and 
 a Russian bomb-shell from the Crimea. In the hall are some canoes 
 and other arctic curiosities ; one of the former, called the Bonny 
 Boat, was taken up at Greenland, in 1613, with a man in it; and 
 it now contains the effigy of the man, with the coat which he wore, 
 as well as his bag, oars, and dart. Adjoining the premises just de- 
 scribed, is a neat building, erected in 1844, containing the offices 
 of the Corporation ; and on the north side of it stands the Marine 
 Almshouse, containing nine rooms. 
 
 The present Chapel was erected " in the garden behind the house," 
 and the following was inscribed on a plate which secured some 
 coins, etc., placed in a cavity of the foundation stone: — "The first 
 stone of this Chapel, erected by the Guild or Brotherhood of Masters, 
 Pilots, and Seamen of the Trinity House, in Kingston-upon-Hull, 
 and dedicated to the Glorious and Undivided Trinity, was laid by 
 John Hall, Chairman of the Building Committee, the 25th day of 
 October, in the third year of the reign of our Sovereign Lady Queen 
 Victoria; and in the year of Our Lord, 1839." Then followed the 
 names of the members and officers of the guild, aud of the architect,
 
 HISTORY OF K1NGST0N-IJP0N-HULL. 403 
 
 Mr. H. F. Lockwood. The style of the building is Grecian, and 
 the interior is very rich and elegantly finished. The floor is paved 
 with marble, and the pillars and pilasters are also of that beautiful 
 material. The Communion table is composed of a fine slab of highly 
 polished marble, supported by an exquisitely carved and gilt eagle. 
 The two noble pillars on either side of it are composed of a highly 
 polished and valuable description of marble, found only in small 
 pieces; and it is stated that each of these columns is composed of 
 one thousand particles. The east window exhibits, in stained glass, 
 a splendid picture of the Ascension of Our Lord. There are prayers 
 here for the inmates of the hospitals, every Monday, Wednesday, 
 and Friday, but there is no Sunday service.* 
 
 The western entrance to the Trinity House premises is from 
 Prince's Dock-side, through a handsome Doric gateway, the arch of 
 ■which is beneath the Victoria Almshouse for eight pensioners. This 
 was erected in 1842. 
 
 Besides those already mentioned, the other hospitals or almshouses 
 belonging to the Trinity House are as follows : — Trinity Almshouse, 
 in Postern-gate, containing 23 rooms, erected in 1826. This is a 
 fine building with a Doric pediment supported by large fluted 
 pillars. On the top is a Roche Abbey stone recumbent figure of 
 Oceanus, placed there in 1831, which is 10 feet in length, 5 feet 
 high, and 2| feet thick, and weighs three tons. It was executed 
 by Earle, from a minature model of a statue at Antwerp. Robinson's 
 Hospital, Prince's Dock-side, already alluded to; rebuilt in 17G9. 
 Ferres 1 Hospital, for 21 inmates, on the same dock side, a good brick 
 building, erected in 1842. Watson's Hospital, North Church-side. 
 This was originally founded for six poor people by Dr. Thomas 
 Watson, Bishop of St. David's, in 1690. He was born at North 
 Ferriby, and educated at the Hull Grammar School, and he intended 
 at his death to have made provision for its future support, by an 
 
 * The first Chapel attached to Trinity House was erected in 1456, hy virtue of a 
 mandate of King Henry VI., for the use of the pensioners, who were at that time 13 
 in number. That Chapel existed for two centuries, after which it was rebuilt in the 
 reign of James I. Its site is now covered by part of the Trinity buidings. The late 
 Chapel was erected in 1772, at which time the number cf pensioners required to 
 attend was 66. In 1839, when the building of the present Chapel commenced, the 
 number of individuals for whom room was required was not less than 300.
 
 464 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 ample endowment, but the loss of his bishopric, after being convicted 
 of simony, as well as other troubles which came upon him soon after 
 the Revolution, disabled him from carrying out his charitable designs. 
 Part of this hospital is appropriated to the use of the Corporation 
 of this town. The Master Mariners' Hospital, in Carr-lane, is a 
 splendid building, erected in 1834, and consists of a centre and 
 wings, containing apartments for 36 pensioners. In the centre is 
 a fine Doric pediment, supported by large fluted columns, and ex- 
 hibiting a good carving of the hull of a large ship. At the east 
 end, and at the back of the building, are two rows of excellent 
 houses, erected in the years 1837 and 1848, and called the Mariners' 
 Almshouses. The Kingston Hospital, on the Beverley -road, affords 
 accommodation to 37 inmates.* 
 
 These hospitals or almshouses are appropriated to, and contain 
 accommodation for, about 340 younger brethren of the Corporation, 
 master mariners, and seamen belonging to the port, their wives or 
 widows. The number of out-pensioners who reside in the town and 
 in different places in the kingdom amount to 2,100. Younger 
 Brothers and their wives now receive 15s. per week ; Younger Bro- 
 thers or their widows, lis. per week; single masters or their 
 widows, 12s. per week ; seamen and their wives, 9s. per week ; and 
 single seamen or seamen's widows, 6s. per week. The rate of pen- 
 sion for the out-pensioners varies from £3. 12s. to about £4. per 
 quarter. 
 
 The income of the Corporation of the Trinity House for the year 
 ending September 1st, 1863, was £43,724., which included £14,544. 
 derived from primage ; £10,616. from fines of aliens and haven 
 master's fees ; £6,769. from rents of estates ; £5,089. from buoyage 
 
 * The Kingston Hospital, which is a splendid pile of building, was originally a pro- 
 prietary school, called the Kingston College, built in 1847. The foundation stone was 
 laid by Richard Bethell, Esq., M.P. for the East Eiding. The architect was Mr, 
 Lockwood, and the cost of the building, including site, &c, was £4,430. On the day 
 the first stone was laid 110 gentlemen, chiefly consisting of the Committee and pro- 
 prietors, breakfasted together at the Public Rooms, and then walked in procession to 
 the scene of the ceremony. The Dissenters having built another College on the 
 Spring Bank (the site of which is now occupied by Minerva-terrace) both failed to 
 support themselves, and the buildings were ultimately sold. The Corporation of 
 Trinity House purchased the Kingston College, and converted it into an almshouse 
 in 1851.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 465 
 
 and beaconage; £2,500. from the garrison ground; £2,304. from 
 elders' turns; and £1,255. from dividends on Hull Dock and other 
 shares. The expenditure for the same period was £1,254. more 
 than the receipts, but the sum of £15,324. had been invested that 
 year. 
 
 In the yard of the Trinity House is the Marine School, founded 
 by the Corporation of the house in 1785, and in which about 140 
 boys (sons of sailors) are clothed, and receive a good nautical edu- 
 cation, free. The school is in two sections, the Upper, or Navi- 
 gation School, and the Lower, or Preparatory School. Boys enter 
 the lower school (without fee) at the age of from 8 to 10 years, 
 and are transferred to the upper school after the age of 11, on con- 
 dition that they engage to become sailors, and are physically quali- 
 fied for that calling. Besides the usual course of an English edu- 
 cation, the other branches taught here are navigation, nautical as- 
 tronomy, euclid, trigonometry, algebra, steam-engine, magnetism, 
 chart-drawing, &c. Several experienced ship-masters have been 
 educated here, amongst whom were Captain Humphreys, the enter- 
 prising discoverer of Captain Boss and his crew in the arctic regions 
 in 1833 (See p. 163). Indeed the majority of the boys of this school 
 who have gone to sea, have risen quickly to the positions of mates 
 and captains. The present school-building was erected in 1842, 
 and enlarged in 1861. It consists of two fine rooms, each mea- 
 suring 50 feet by 20, and 22 feet high. In the yard are appliances 
 for gymnastic exercises, and a drill-sergeant instructs the boys in 
 marching and cutlass exercises. The children are annually provided 
 with a neat uniform,'and every other necessary article of dress. In 
 connexion with the school is a small library and a museum of curio- 
 sities — both founded a few years ago by the boys themselves. The 
 Head Master's residence adjoins the school. The master of the 
 lower school has no residence on the premises.* 
 
 * From the Records of the School we have learnt that the most distinguished In- 
 spectors of the Navigation Schools, who have visited this school (amongst whom was 
 Dr. Lyon Playfair, Capt. Fowke, C.E., Capt. Ryder, R.M.) have invariably reported of 
 it in the most favourable terms, calling it " the model navigation school," &o. In 
 the Sixth report of the Art Department of the Committee of Council on Education, 
 it is termed "the model school in every respect;" and the Inspector adds: — "Ex- 
 ercise in gymnastics is most beneficial to the boys' health, and confirms them in their 
 
 3 o
 
 466 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 The Chapel and School, and the Marine and Victoria Alms- 
 houses, occupy the site of the buildings of the ancient Carmelite 
 Friary (See p. 352). 
 
 The Corporation (which has municipal rights and duties) con- 
 sists of twelve Elder Brethren, six Assistants, and an unlimited 
 number of Younger Brethren (at present there are about ninety of 
 the latter)— from the former of which two Wardens, and from the 
 latter six Assistants and two Stewards, are chosen annually. The 
 Younger Brothers are those masters of vessels who have sailed in 
 ships belonging to Hull to foreign climes, for five years and up- 
 wards, and who have qualified themselves to act as pilots. The 
 government of the affairs of Trinity House is vested in the War- 
 dens, Elder Brethren, and Assistants. As vacancies occur the 
 Assistants become Elder Brothers, and the Younger Brothers be- 
 come Assistants. Seamen who have sailed out of Hull over sea in 
 vessels belonging to the port, for five years and upwards, and who 
 will have observed certain other conditions, may become pensioners 
 of the Corporation at the age of sixty years. 
 
 The present Wardens (for 1863-64) are William Collinson and 
 Charles Horncastle, Esqrs. The Secretary is Edward Shimmels 
 Wilson, Esq., solicitor ; Warden's Clerk, Mr. Kobert Gill ; Chaplain, 
 Eev. F. B. Craig (Incumbent of the Mariners' Church) ; Head, or 
 Navigation Master, Mr. Zebedee Scaping. There are three assis- 
 tant clerks and other officers. 
 
 The Corporation of Trinity House has been favoured with ten 
 royal charters. 
 
 Several important personages have, from time to time, been ad- 
 mitted to the freedom of the Corporation (See pp. 152, 344). 
 
 Extensive indeed are the benefits which result to the seamen of 
 the port of Hull from this munificent foundation. 
 
 Gregg's Hospital, Postern-gate, was founded by John Gregg, 
 Alderman and merchant of Hull, in 1416, for 12 poor women. 
 Alderman Gregg also founded two Chantries in the Church of Holy 
 
 choice of the naval profession. The lads, when they go to sea, are much more useful 
 aloft if they have acquired the agility and daring which can alone he gained by gym- 
 nastic exercises." In September, 1858, this school was specially visited by the Mar- 
 quis of Salisbury, then President of the Committee of the Privy Council on Edu- 
 cation.
 
 HISTORY OF KINOSTON-UPON-HULL. 467 
 
 Trinity, and endowed the whole with houses, lands, and tenements, 
 lying within the town. This hospital was one of the few that had 
 the good fortune to be restored in the reign of Edward VI. John 
 Buttery, in 1779, left by will the sum of £346. 6s. 8d., to be paid 
 to the Corporation of Hull, in trust, to pay to each of the poor 
 inmates of this hospital 2d. per week, and to each of the inmates of 
 Watson's Almshouse 4d. per week, for ever. Each of the poor 
 women in Gregg's Hospital now receives 2s. per week, and coals. 
 
 Crowle s Hospital, in Sewer-lane, was erected, founded, and en- 
 dowed, by George Crowle, Esq., Alderman and merchant of Hull, 
 and Eleanor his wife, in 1668, and affords an asylum to 14 poor 
 women, each of whom receive 2s. 6d. per week with coals. The 
 hospital is quaint looking and remarkable, and is perhaps the only 
 perfect specimen left in Hull, of the style of house-building of the 
 period in which it is erected. It closely resembles the ornamental 
 brick work of the Lion House in the High-street, which was the 
 residence of Alderman Crowle (See p. 313). The walls are three 
 feet in thickness. Over the front door is the following inscription, 
 placed there by the founders : — 
 
 " Dadum tempus babes tibi propria sit manus baeres 
 
 Auferet boc nemo, quod dabis ipse Deo. — G. C. 1668/E. C." — tbat is, 
 
 Give wbile you've time, and be yourself your beir, 
 None can deprive of what to God you spare. 
 
 The room formerly used as a Chapel is lined with oak panels, 
 and has a massive oak door. There is a large picture containing 
 portraits of Alderman Crowle, and his family, in the Town Hall, 
 which formerly hung in this room. 
 
 Lister's Hospital, South Church-side, for six poor men and six 
 poor women, each of whom receive 7s. per week and coals, was foun- 
 ded by Sir John Lister, Alderman and M.P. for Hull in 1642. A 
 lecturer reads prayers in the hospital every Thursday. The hos- 
 pital is a good respectable looking brick edifice, and the west end of 
 it forms a house for the lecturer. The Rev. John Scott is the pre- 
 sent lecturer. The lectureship of this hospital is held in connexion 
 with the lectureship of Holy Trinity Church. 
 
 Hatcliffes Hospital, in Dagger-lane, was bequeathed by a person 
 of the name of Eatcliffe, a weaver, and endowed by Mr. Buttery, in
 
 4G8 HTSTORT OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 1775, and augmented by the Corporation. Six poor women receive 
 2s. 6d. per week and a supply of coals. 
 
 Gee's Hospital stands in a passage in the same lane, and was 
 founded in 1600, by William Gee, Esq., Alderman and merchant of 
 Hull. Ten poor aged women receive each 2s. per with coals. 
 
 Ellis's Hospital, founded by Joseph Ellis in 1683, is situated in 
 Long-entry, in Salthouse-lane, and consists of six rooms occupied by 
 six poor persons, each of whom receive from the Corporation 2s. per 
 week with coals. It was rebuilt by the Corporation in 1829. 
 
 Harrison's Hospital, in Chapel-lane, founded in 1550, is stated 
 to be the first charitable foundation which was established in Hull 
 after the Reformation. It was founded by John Harrison, Alder- 
 man (son of a Mayor of Hull, whose sepulchral brass is preserved 
 in St. Mary's Church — See p. 389), for ten poor old women, who 
 now receive each 2s. per week with coals. There is a house in 
 the yard behind it, containing four rooms, which was added to the 
 hospital by Mrs. Fox. The four inmates of this house receive the 
 same allowance as the others. 
 
 BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS, &c.— Hull General Infir- 
 mary. — This institution, which is situated in Prospect-street, is 
 perhaps the most important home of benevolence and charity in 
 Hull. A few charitable individuals, who had observed the want of 
 a public hospital for the recovery of the sick and lame poor, assem- 
 bled in the month of October, 1781, and begun a subscription for 
 erecting and supporting such a house of mercy. A proposal so 
 laudable could not fail to meet with supporters, and a temporary 
 establishment was opened on the 26th of September, 1782. In the 
 meantime a field of two acres, on the outskirts of the town, was 
 purchased at a cost of £550., and buildings erected upon it, which 
 swelled the amount to £4,126. Accommodation was thus afforded 
 to 70 in-door patients. Further room was provided in 1840, by 
 the addition of two wings to the building, with the proceeds of a 
 bazaar held in the previous year (See p. 169); and there are now 
 150 beds for patients in the institution. 
 
 Up to the year 1861, the affairs of this noble hospital were 
 managed by an open weekly board of governors, but the attendance 
 of these gentlemen was frequently very irregular, and almost the
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 409 
 
 entire management devolved on the Chairman and the medical 
 officers of the house. With an increasing population, the number 
 of patients increased ; and with these, of course, the expenses. It 
 was then found absolutely necessary to make an alteration in the 
 government of the institution. At a general meeting held in April, 
 1861, it was resolved to appoint a Committee' of Management, con- 
 sisting of eighteen governors, and thus ended the open board. 
 Under this Committee great improvements have been effected ; and 
 tbe duties of the several officers, &c, are now performed most effi- 
 ciently. Great credit is due to the Chairman, Henry Gibson, Esq., 
 M.R.C.S., who has for several years closely and energetically at- 
 tended to the affairs of the institution, when the open board ex- 
 hibited much indifference to them. In the management of the 
 household department more especially, the worthy Chairman must 
 now feel sensibly the valuable assistance of a good working Com- 
 mittee of bankers, merchants, and other gentlemen of business 
 habits.* The two principal objects of the present Committee, since 
 it was formed three years ago, has been to exercise a judicious sys- 
 tem of economy in the working of the institution, and to increase 
 its annual income. The former has been effected without detriment 
 to the suffering inmates ; and the latter object has been practically 
 gained. In 1860, under the old management, the annual subscrip- 
 tions amounted to £954. ; but, through the exertions of the new 
 Committee, they have been raised to £1,250. A new and inter- 
 esting feature is the voluntary contributions of the operatives of the 
 large establishments of the town, at the solicitation of Frederick 
 Helmsing, Esq., a member of the Committee. Out of their hard 
 earnings these workmen now contribute upwards of £100. per an- 
 num to the infirmary funds. Here is an example for the wealthier 
 classes ! Yet, notwithstanding the generous efforts that have been 
 made, the expenditure of the house is considerably higher than the 
 income ; and it behoves the public, and more especially the Clergy, 
 
 » Mr. Gibson has been connected with the infirmary for upwards of twenty years — 
 first as a pupil, then as a member of the Board and a Vice-Chairman ; and since 1 856 
 as the Chairman of the Board of Governors. It is no trifling advantage to the insti- 
 tution to have a medical man in the presidential chair; and more particularly so in 
 this instance, when the Chairman can afford to devote much of his time to its in- 
 terests.
 
 470 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 to act more in concert, and display more liberality than they have 
 hitherto done.* 
 
 The income of the past official year was £3,392., and the expen- 
 diture amounted to £3,848. The number of patients in the house 
 during that year was 1,080 ; and the number of out-patients was 
 2,825. The total number of patients admitted from the opening 
 of the institution in 1782, till the 31st of January, 1863, is 79,743 
 — of whom 59,472 were cured, and 8,156 relieved. Besides these 
 there were 42,099 trivial cases cured. 
 
 In going over the infirmary we found every necessary comfort 
 provided for the patients. There are bath rooms, lavatories, a 
 library, periodicals, and newspapers ; every ward and department 
 betokens careful revision ; and great kindness and the utmost atten- 
 tion are paid to the poor sufferers. No similar hospital in the 
 kingdom has a better circulation of air, or more complete provision 
 in every respect for the objects of its care. 
 
 The extensive and imposing range of building, of which the hos- 
 pital is composed, is one of the chief ornaments of the town. On 
 the lawn in front is a fine monumental statue of Dr. John Alderson 
 (for many years a physician to the institution), executed by West- 
 macott, Jun., and erected by subscription. This was laid bare to 
 the public on the 16th of September, 1833, in the presence of a 
 large concourse of spectators. On either side of the statue is a 
 stone fountain, erected in 1854. The hospital is of brick, covered 
 with cement, and has stone finishings. In the centre of the front 
 is a projecting basement, forming a porticoed entrance ; above 
 which are four fluted pillars with Corinthian caps, supporting a 
 pediment. The remainder of the original portion of the facade is 
 ornamented with pillars and pilasters. The wings are recessed and 
 plain. The arrangement of the interior is excellent. In the hall 
 is a statue, in composition, of Dr. Jenner, which was presented to 
 the institution, a few years ago, by Dr. H. Sandwith, one of the 
 
 * We have learnt from parties who take a warm interest in the welfare of the In- 
 firmary, that the increase in the subscriptions to its funds is more particularly due to 
 the exertions of the Chairman and Mr. Frederick Helmsing. The latter gentleman, 
 who is the only foreigner on the Committee, is a native of Eiga; and by way of coin- 
 cidence, it may be mentioned that the first foreign contribution to the institution was 
 raised in 1783, by ten firms in Kiga, and consisted of £IM.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 471 
 
 consulting physicians. Also a marble bust of Dr. George Fielding 
 (by Keyivorth), who was nearly 40 years one of the surgeons ; and 
 a marble bust of Dr. James Alderson. These have been purchased 
 by subscription. In the board room are busts of Frederic Hunting- 
 don, Esq., Hon. Surgeon (up to this time) of the infirmary for 40 
 years; and John Higson, Esq., House Surgeon for 42 years. On 
 the wall in this apartment is an oil painting of Sir Henry Ethering- 
 ton, Bart., which was bequeathed to the infirmary in 1859, by the 
 late Mrs. Jackson, of Ferriby. Sir Henry is represented on horse- 
 back, in hunting costume. A fine stone staircase leads to the first 
 floor, in the centre of which is the Chapel, in which a full service is 
 performed by the Chaplain on Sunday evenings, and prayers and 
 sermon on Wednesday afternoons, by the Church clergy of the town. 
 The Medical and Surgical Library, formed chiefly by donations of 
 books, consists of up to 4,000 vols., and is not surpassed in value 
 by any similar collection in the county of York. The President is 
 the Eight Hon. the Earl of Carlisle, and amongst the Vice-Presi- 
 dents are the Archbishop of York and the Mayor of Hull. The 
 Chairman of the Committee of Management is, as before stated, 
 Henry Gibson, Esq. ; the Chaplain is the Kev. J. Selkirk ; three 
 physicans and three surgeons attend gratuitously ; the House Sur- 
 geon and Secretary is Mr. Thomas Melancthon Evans, and his 
 assistant is Mr. William Wightman Cooper.* 
 
 The Hull and Sculcoates Dispensary, established in High-street, 
 in 1814, now occupies a neat building in St. John-street, erected in 
 1832, at the cost of £819. This excellent institution affords relief 
 to a great number jf patients, and is supported by voluntary sub- 
 scription. During the year ending April 5th, 1863, there were 
 3,268 cases attended to, and of that number above 2,800 were cured 
 or considerably relieved. The total of cases admitted from the com- 
 mencement to the above date is 101,700 ; of which number 78,295 
 
 * On the evening of Feb. 17th, 1864, an amateur classical concert was given in the 
 Public Booms, the proceeds of which to be devoted towards defraying the expense of 
 providing an illuminated clock to be erected in front of the General Infirmary. The 
 amateurs on the occasion were Mrs. Dibb and Miss Jacobs, pianoforte ; Mr. Hum- 
 phreys, flutist; Mr. Bethel Jacobs, Mr. E. E. Harrison, and Mr. John Harrison, vo- 
 calists; and the members of the Hull Quartette Society. Mons. Henri Hartog was 
 the conductor.
 
 472 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 were cured, and 16,936 relieved. The income of the past year was 
 £339. ; and the expenditure amounted to £459. None but the 
 really indigent are admitted to the benefits of this charity. The 
 worshipful the Mayor is the President ; the Hon. Secretary is J. A. 
 Jameson, Esq. ; and Mr. Kobert Atkinson is the House Surgeon. 
 Two physicians and four surgeons attend gratis. There is a Ladies' 
 Sick Fund in connexion with the institution, which is a valuable 
 auxiliary. 
 
 Hidl Borough Lunatic Asylum for Paupers. — A refuge for the in- 
 sane was established in Boteler-street, in 1814, by Dr. John Alder- 
 son and Mr. Ellis, surgeon, and was afterwards conducted by the 
 son of the former gentleman (Dr. James Alderson) and the late Mr. 
 Casson, surgeon. About 25 years ago the two latter gentlemen 
 built a more extensive establishment, a little north of the Anlaby- 
 road (at the top of Argyle-street), in a healthy locality, and it con- 
 tinued to be a private asylum until 1849, when the house and pre- 
 mises were purchased by the Magistrates of the borough, who were 
 compelled by a then recent Act of Parliament to provide an asylum 
 for their insane paupers. The building, which has since been en- 
 larged, is commodious and well adapted to its purpose ; and will ac- 
 commodate about 125 patients. It is surrounded by about twelve 
 acres of ground. Francis Wood Casson, Esq., surgeon (son of the 
 above-mentioned Mr. Casson), is the Superintendent. 
 
 The daily average of insane inmates here, during the year 1863, 
 was 111. The number of admissions from the beginning of the year 
 1850 to the end of 1863, is 492 ; and of these 209 recovered. This 
 is considerably above the average of the county and borough asylums 
 in the kingdom. The average number of deaths in the latter is 
 about 14 per cent. ; whereas in the Hull asylum the average reached 
 that per centage but once. Last year, and a previous one, the aver- 
 age was but 5 J ; during another year it was 6| ; and in other years 
 it was 8 and 11 per cent. 
 
 The Hull, East Biding of Yorkshire, and North Lincolnshire Fe- 
 male Penitentiary, Anlaby road.— This institution, for the reclama- 
 tion of fallen women, was established in 1811, but it was subse- 
 quently discontinued for some years for want of support. In 1837 
 it was revived, and it is now in full operation. The house affords
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-Ui'ON-IIULL. 473 
 
 an asylum to 30 penitents, who are required to remain in it for two 
 years, and at the expiration of that period respectable situations are 
 provided for them. The institution is supported by subscription, 
 and partly by the industry of the inmates, who work at washing, 
 ironing, and sewing. Its affairs are managed by a Committee of 
 ladies. The Treasurer and Hon. Secretary is the Rev. Rev. John 
 Scott ; and the Matron is Mrs. Woolley. 
 
 Hull Temporary Home for Fallen Women, Nile-street. — The origi- 
 nators of this admirable institution were J. A. Wade, Esq., the Rev. 
 A. Jukes, and Anthony Atkinson, Esq., who conceived the plan of 
 founding a home or refuge, having for its special aim " rather to 
 seek and restore recently fallen ones to their friends, than to attempt 
 any extended course of discipline with more hardened offenders." 
 Having prevailed upon several other benevolent persons to unite 
 with them in the good work, a Committee of gentlemen, as well as 
 one of ladies, was formed, and Mr. Anthony Atkinson (who had for 
 several years previously taken great interest in the miserable fate of 
 street " unfortunates ") agreed to become a sort of honorary chief 
 manager of the business. Donations and subscriptions were col- 
 lected, Mr. J. A. Wade giving a donation of £100. ; Sir Tatton 
 Sykes, £50. ; Z. C. Pearson, Esq., £50. ; Miss M. A. Sykes, £30. ; 
 Miss Broadley, £25. ; H. J. Atkinson, Edwin Davis, H. Barkworth, 
 J. Egginton, W. Hodge, R. Jameson, W. H. Moss, T. Wilson, J. 
 A. Sykes, Esqrs., and others, £10. each. A house for the reception 
 of sixteen women was purchased in Nile-street, for £525.; and it 
 was opened by a meeting for prayer, in which several clergymen 
 took part, on the 3rd of January, 1861. The first year's expendi- 
 ture of the institution (including the house, furniture, &c.) amounted 
 to £1,105. ; and 61 girls were admitted during that year ; of which 
 number 12 were restored to their friends, 13 placed in service, and 
 some were sent to work at the factory, or otherwise disposed of. 
 During the year ending January 3rd, 1863, the number of girls 
 that received the benefits of this institution was 59, including 14 
 that were in the house at the close of the previous year. Of these, 
 15 were restored to their friends or parents; 15 were placed in 
 respectable services ; and 6 went to the Penitentiary. The expen- 
 diture of that year was £327. The importance of this work of mercy 
 
 3 p
 
 474 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 having been fully proved, an adjoining house has just been pur- 
 chased for £410. ; and when it is fitted up, accommodation will be 
 found for from 30 to 40 penitents. The Presidents of the Com- 
 mittees are J. A. Wade, Esq., and Mrs. A. Jukes; the Treasurer 
 is Edmund Smith, Esq. ; and the Hon. Secretaries are Mr. An- 
 thony Atkinson, Mr. J. W. Leng, and Miss Lunn. Hitherto the 
 collection of the " sinews of war," and the general management, has 
 devolved chiefly upon Mr. Anthony Atkinson. 
 
 Lying-in-Charity. — This charity, for the relief of poor married 
 lying-in-women, was established in Hull in 1802, and is supported 
 by voluntary subscription. It allows to each person relieved, during 
 three weeks of her confinement, every day a twopenny loaf, three 
 pints of caudle, or one pound of beef or mutton with its broth, and 
 also the use of linen for herself and child, besides providing a mid- 
 wife and medicines, and in extreme cases, articles of clothing, &c. 
 There are a number of lady visitors, a physician, several accoucheurs 
 and midwives, and a matron, connected with the institution. The 
 patients are attended at their own residences. 
 
 Sailors' Institute, Waterhouse-lane. — The " Port of Hull Society 
 for the Pteligious Instruction of Seamen " was instituted April 19th, 
 1821, and for several years they carried on their operations in a 
 Floating Chapel, in the Prince's Dock, which was formed of the 
 hull of an old merchant ship, " The Valiant," of 400 tons burden. 
 The society opened the Sailors' Institute — a large building with a 
 good stuccoed front finishing with a pediment — on the 12th of 
 December, 1842, at a cost of £1700. ; they established an Orphan 
 Institution, for clothing and educating the children of deceased 
 sailors and rivermen connected with the port, on the 7th of De- 
 cember, 1837 ; and in May, 1863, they carried out a long cher- 
 ished idea, by founding a Sailors' Orphan Home, where poor or- 
 phans will be boarded, lodged, and provided for. Until sufficient 
 funds can be obtained for erecting a " home," it will be amalga- 
 mated with the Orphan Institution. For the present they rent a 
 house (a temporary " Home ") in Castle-row, where there are now 
 (Feb., 1864) twelve orphans; but, as circumstances permit, others 
 will be added to this number. The number of children in the 
 orphan school at the Sailors' Institute is about 100. Religious ser-
 
 HISTOEY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUr,T,. 475 
 
 vices, according to the congregational form, are conducted in the 
 spacious Lecture Hall, or Sailors' Chapel of the institute, by minis- 
 ters and lay-brethren of various denominations ; and lectures are 
 delivered there during the winter months. There is a free library 
 of above 500 vols, for the use of sailors and their families, and up 
 to 80 portable sea-going libraries, averaging from 25 to 30 books 
 each, which are placed on board ships for the use of the crews during 
 their voyages. There is also in the institute a free reading and 
 news room. In the hall is an excellent eight-day clock, presented 
 in 1861 by Mr. T. Reynoldson ; and there is a similar time-piece 
 in the library, the gift in the same year, of the Select Class to the 
 Sailors' Orphan Institution. There is also in connexion with this 
 admirable institution, a Ladies' Association, for preparing clothing 
 for the orphans and collecting funds for the society. The business 
 of the Hull branch of the Shipwrecked Fishermen and Mariners' 
 Royal Benevolent Society is likewise transacted here. In 1861-2 
 the building of the Sailors' Institute was raised and lengthened. 
 
 The total receipts in connexion with the Port of Hull Society for 
 the year 1863, amounted, in round numbers, to £885., and the dis- 
 bursements to £752. The receipts of the Orphan Home and School 
 (separate funds) were £484., and that sum was all expended. 
 
 A Bazaar is about to be held in aid of the Orphan Home, towards 
 the funds to be thus raised Joseph Somes, Esq., M.P., has just given 
 the munificent contribution of £105. 
 
 The Patron of the Port of Hull Society is the Right Hon. Lord 
 Londesborough ; Treasurer, John Lumsden, Esq. ; Superintendent 
 of the Institute, Rev. J. Macpherson ; and there is a Port Mission- 
 ary, a Coast Missionary, and a Missionary stationed at Hartlepool. 
 
 Ragged and Industrial Schools. — On the 1st of May, 1849, these 
 schools were first opened in Mill-street, after the subject had been 
 ably advocated by the Editor of the " Hull Packet," and a subscrip- 
 tion list of £900. had been obtained by an influential local Com- 
 mittee. The operations of the institution were carried on success- 
 fully for nearly seven years, when an appeal was made to procure 
 funds for building more complete schools. On the 26th of March, 
 1856, the foundation stone of the present schools was laid by the 
 Right. Hon. the Earl of Shaftesbury, in the presence of the Mayor,,
 
 476 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 many members of the Corporation, and a large concourse of clergy, 
 gentry, and people. A bottle, deposited in the stone, contained tbe 
 annual leports of the old schools; some copies of the Hull Packet, 
 containing the history of the schools ; and other documents, inclu- 
 ding a parchment, inscribed with the names of the principal per- 
 sonages who assisted at the ceremony. In the evening a public 
 meeting on behalf of the building fund was held in the Music Hall, 
 Lord Shaftesbury in the chair. Lord Ashley and the Hon. E. 
 Ashley, sons of the Earl of Shaftesbury, took part in the proceed- 
 ings. On the 8th of June, 1857, the schools were opened without 
 any public demonstration. The institution has been certified under 
 the Industrial Schools Act of 1861, consequently juvenile criminals 
 of both sexes are sent to it from the Police Court of the borough. 
 These children are partly clothed, and lodged and fed in the house, 
 and receive (as do the externs also) the advantages of a moral and 
 religious education combined with industrial training. The externs, 
 or children who are not lodged on the premises, receive their dinner 
 every day. There is an Infant School too in the house, and there 
 are likewise in connexion with the institution, Mothers' Meetings, 
 Sunday Schools, Night Schools, a Penny Bank, Lectui'es, &c. At 
 present the establishment is conducted by two masters, a matron, 
 and a schoolmistress. 
 
 The building is a handsome one of red brick, with stone dressings 
 to the quoins, windows, and door openings, and the style is that 
 which prevailed in the Tudor period of our history. It has two 
 fronts, one in Marlborough-terrace, and the other on Cottingham 
 Drain side ; there is a bell turret, and provision has been made for 
 a clock. The outer mouldings of the tops of the doors and several 
 of the windows finish with carved heads. The staircases are of 
 stone, the spacious school-rooms and the various other apartments 
 are lofty and well ventilated. There is a good collection of books 
 in one of the rooms for the use of the inmates. A house for the 
 head master stands in the yard. The cost of the building was up- 
 wards of £3,700. Mr. W. Botterill was the architect. The present 
 Chairman of the Committee of Management is J. A. Sykes, Esq. ; 
 the Treasurer is Dudley R. Smith, Esq.; and H. Liddell, H.J. 
 Atkinson, and J. Atkinson, Esqs., are the Hon. Secretaries.
 
 IITSTOKY OF KTNGSTON-UrON-IlULL. 477 
 
 The average daily attendance of boys during the year 18G3 was 
 89, and of girls 71. As children are being constantly committed 
 under the Industrial Schools Act, the dormitory accommodation of 
 the institution must be increased, and the Committee are now ap- 
 pealing for special donations, to the amount of at least £1,000., for 
 the erection of the necessary buildings. Among the items of work 
 performed by the boys during the past year are the cutting of 28,198 
 bundles of fire-wood ; teasing of 3,195 lbs. of hair ; and the making 
 of 6,467 bags of various kinds, 804 corn and 538 flour sacks. The 
 girls made, amongst other things, 2,318 sample bags, 24 aprons, 
 12 beds, 79 blouses, 104 chemises, 69 frocks, 36 petticoats, 48 
 sheets, 51 towels, and repaired 444 articles of clothing. The in- 
 fants too performed a quantity of needle work. 
 
 Sailors' Home, Salthouse-lane. — For some years it was felt that 
 the port of Hull was not complete without the establishment of a 
 Sailors' Home, and at length a circular was issued by Henry J. 
 Atkinson, Esq., on the 2nd of May, 1856, calling a meeting of gen- 
 tlemen favourable to the carrying out of such a project, for the 6th 
 of that month, at the Sailors' Institute. At this meeting it was 
 resolved to go forward. A general appeal was then made to the 
 shipping community, and a canvass of the town was undertaken, 
 which finally resulted in a subscription list amounting to nearly 
 £3,500. Some delay was subsequently experienced in obtaining a 
 suitable site or building in which to commence operations, but this 
 was happily overcome, and the Committee succeeded in purchasing 
 the spacious and suitable premises where the business of the Bank 
 of England had formerly been carried on. This building was opened 
 for the reception of seamen in May, 1860, and has since been ex- 
 ceedingly useful to the class for whose benefit it was established. 
 During the past financial year nearly 1,000 men had been inmates 
 of the "home," and many of them have returned to it again and 
 again. Board, lodging, and washing are charged at the rate of 14s. 
 per week, a rate which is not remunerative, and consequently annual 
 subscriptions to the amount of about £100. are requisite to the 
 proper working of the institution. A comfortable Beading Boom is 
 at the service of the sailors, together with a well selected Library. 
 The wages of the inmates, to the amouut of more than £1,300. in a
 
 478 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 year, have been deposited with the Manager for safe keeping. Al- 
 together the institution has fully answered the expectations of its 
 originators. The present Chairman of the Committee is J. A. 
 Sykes, Esq. 
 
 Mariners' Orphan Home and Schools. — The " Hull Mariners' 
 Church Sailors' Orphan Society " was established ten years ago, 
 having for its object to clothe and educate the orphan children of 
 seamen, fishermen, and rivermen connected with the port. It was 
 not deemed advisable to attempt the erection of schools until the 
 number of orphan children was sufficient to justify an undertaking 
 requiring so large an expenditure. The number however has lately 
 increased so rapidly (at present there are upwards of 80 orphans 
 on the books of the Society), that the friends of the institution, 
 with the zealous Incumbent of the Mariners' Church at their head, 
 resolved to provide an asylum for them ; the more especially as the 
 Committee are anxious to afford support and clothing, as well as 
 education, for some of the orphans. A contribution list was opened 
 in March, 1863, in aid of the proposed asylum, and subscriptions 
 flowed in rather liberally. For the same object a Grand Bazaar of 
 fancy articles was held in the Public Rooms in the following De- 
 cember, which realised about £500.* A site for the home and 
 schools, in Castle-street (the house, &c, lately occupied by Dr. Mc. 
 Millan, and formerly the residence of one of the M.P.'s for Hull 
 (See p. 329), was afterwards purchased at a cost of over £900. ; but, 
 since then, a gentleman in Liverpool offered to erect, at a cost of 
 £2,000., an asylum in Hull for the orphans of seamen and others 
 (those of sailors to be preferred), conducted on the principles of the 
 Established Church, provided a site of not less than 4,000 yards, 
 in a healthy situation, and a fund for its endowment, be procured. 
 This munificent offer was accepted ; subscriptions are being col- 
 lected for the building and endowment fund ; and the present month 
 (Feb., 1864) the authorities of the Hull Trinity House liberally 
 
 * This fancy fair was under distinguished patronage. The Music Hall on the 
 occasion was arranged as a Winter Garden, with plants, shrubs, and flowers, inter- 
 spersed with statuary and vases; and the orchestra was converted into an Illuminated 
 Grove, lighted in the evening with coloured lamps and Chinese lanterns. For this 
 metamorphose of the Music Hall, the Committee are indebted to the skill and taste 
 of Mr. J. C. Niven, Curator of the Botanic Gardens.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 479 
 
 gave an acre of land on Spring-bank, on which to erect the asylum 
 or home. It is intended to build schools on the Castle-street site, 
 for the orphans that are to be educated and clothed, but who will 
 not reside in the home — for the home will be reserved for the most 
 destitute cases. The Secretary of the Society is Robert Middle- 
 miss, Esq., and the Treasurer is Mr. Thomas Reynoldson. 
 
 KlNGSTON-UPON-HuiX INCORPORATION FOR THE POOR. In 1698 
 
 (9 William III.), an Act of Parliament was obtained for erecting 
 workhouses and houses of correction in Hull, for the better main- 
 tenance and. employment of the poor ; and by this Act the Mayor, 
 Recorder, and Aldermen for the time being, and twenty-four other 
 persons to be elected by the different wards, were constituted a 
 Corporation, to continue for ever, and to have the care of and to 
 provide for the maintenance of the poor of the said town. Under 
 the authority of this Act the Corporation thereby constituted, having 
 obtained of the Mayor and burgesses a grant of an old building in 
 Whitefriar-gate, called the Cloth Hall, immediately pulled it down, 
 and erected a large building called Charity Hall, on its site, and 
 appropriated it to the purposes of a workhouse, or house of industry. 
 In the space of a few years the poor were so greatly increased that 
 the yearly assesments they were by the Act empowered to raise, 
 fell far short of the sum required, so they were obliged to have re- 
 course to parliament for another Act in 1709 (8 Anne). Other Acts, 
 granting extended powers, were obtained in the 15th and 28th years 
 of the reign of George II., but all these were repealed in 1824 by an 
 Act of the 5th of George IV., by which forty Guardians of the Poor, 
 to be selected by the eight wards, were constituted a Corporation, 
 by the name of the "Governor, Deputy-Governor, Assistants, and 
 Guardians of the Poor of the town Kingston-upon-Hull." The 
 Guardians are elected for three years, and the fine, in case of re- 
 fusal to serve, is £20. 
 
 Workhouse, Anlaby-road. — Finding the old Charity Hall too 
 small and inconvenient, from the great increase of paupers, this Cor- 
 poration sold it for £7,250., and erected their present workhouse at 
 a cost of about £15,000. On the morning of the 30th of June, 
 1852, a procession, headed by the Mayor, a portion of the Town 
 Council, the other heads and officials of the public bodies in the
 
 480 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 town, together with many of the clergy and gentry, proceeded to 
 the new building — the streets being crowded with spectators. The 
 paupers (280 in number) had been previously removed there. The 
 house having been formally taken possession of by the Governor 
 and Guardians, by walking through the main passages, the proces- 
 sion entered the dining-hall, when some addresses were delivered. 
 About 150 of the gentlemen who took part in the proceedings then 
 partook of a luncheon in the Chapel, the Governor (Mr. John Mid- 
 dleton) presiding. The day was kept as a high festival by the pau. 
 pers, who were allowed roast beef, mutton, plum pudding, tea, spice 
 cake &c, ad libitum. 
 
 The building, which occupied just a year in construction, forms 
 a haudsome pile of red brick and cut stone, in the Italian style, the 
 frontage measuring 270 feet in length. The centre of the front 
 range is surmounted by an illuminated clock, on both sides, and 
 the Board and Committee Rooms, &c, are in this part of the insti- 
 tution. The centre of the main building is ornamented with a pedi- 
 ment, flanked by two cistern towers. In the tympanum is a repre- 
 sentation in cut stone, of the seal of the old Corporation for the 
 Poor, which was placed there in 1858. This seal exhibits a man 
 at work with a spinning-wheel, with the title, date, &c, of the Cor- 
 porate body. Behind this range of building is the dining hall, a 
 fine apartment 80 feet by 40, and capable of dining 550 persons at 
 one time. The Chapel measures 60 feet by 34, is at the rear of 
 this hall, but it is connected with the main building by a covered 
 way on each side. The roof is of open-dressed timber, stained and 
 varnished. The extreme rear of the premises is occupied by the 
 infirmary. The building contains 24 court-yards, which enables 
 the board to carry out a good plan of classification. There is ac- 
 commodation for about 600 paupers. The plans of the premises 
 were furnished by Messrs. Lockwood and Mawson, architects. The 
 district of the borough, to the poor of which this Corporation is 
 bound to administer relief, consists of the parishes of Holy Trinity 
 and St. Mary. 
 
 On the 21st of December, 1863, the Governor laid the foundation 
 stone of new Relieving and Rating Offices, in Postcrn-gate. Mr. 
 William Botterill is the architect.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 481 
 
 The present Governor of the Poor is John Fountain, Esq., Alder- 
 man ;* the Deputy-Governor is Mr. Bishop Barnby ; the Law Clerk 
 is Walter J. Reed, Esq.; Chaplain, Rev. T. S. Bonnin, M.A. ; 
 Workhouse Master, Mr. John Vickers. 
 
 In 1857 the present neat costume of the Workhouse children was 
 substituted for the coarse clothes which they had previously worn. 
 The boys have a good fife and drum band, founded by the Governor, 
 who purchased and presented all the instruments ; and hence it is 
 called the " Fountain Band." 
 
 On the evening of every 31st of December a treat of no ordinary 
 description is given to the children in the dining-hall of the insti- 
 tution, decorated for the occasion. The Governor invites a large 
 number of friends, among whom are generally the Mayor, Sheriff, 
 Guardians, and other gentlemen of position, and in the presence of 
 the assembly the children recite pieces, sing songs, receive prizes 
 of books, &c, and are regaled with tea, spice bread, fruit, &c. The 
 
 * In December, 1863, Mr. Alderman Fountain was elected Governor of the Poor 
 for the eleventh time, and he has been on each occasion unanimously chosen. In 
 1856 the worthy Alderman thought of retiring from office, but all the Guardians 
 signed a requisition praying that he would allow himself to be re-elected. Having 
 acceded to their request, they subscribed £20., with which they converted the re- 
 quisition into an interesting testimonial of respect. It is engrossed on vellum, with 
 an illuminated border, and set in a carved frame of oak from the old workhouse 
 building in Whitefriar-gate — the border and frame exhibiting representations of fruit, 
 in allusion to Mr. Fountain's former business, viz., a fruit merchant. Inserted in the 
 frame is a silver shield containing a suitable inscription. On the 3rd of December, 
 1860, a magnificent testimonial was presented to Governor Fountain, consisting of a 
 large and beautiful silver waiter, and a silver tea and coffee service, by 174 rate- 
 payers, as a mark of grateful esteem for his assiduous and efficient services in con- 
 nexion with the Corporation of the Poor, of which body he had then been 16 years a 
 Guardian and 7 years Governor. At the same time a silver claret jug and stand were 
 presented to him by " the officers of the Hull Incorporation for the Poor, as a me- 
 morial of respect for his uniform kindness and urbanity towards them." The silver 
 plate, which weigh 220 oz., was supplied by Messrs. Barnby and Rust, John Symons, 
 and Ellis. Alderman Fountain had likewise three public banquets given in his 
 honour at the London, Vittoria, and Station Hotels, in the years 1854, 1856, and 
 1859— the Mayors of the respective years occupying the chair. Nor have the re- 
 spected Governor's honours ended here ; for a new street in the vicinity of the Work- 
 house has recently received the name of Fountain-street ; and one of the large engines 
 at the Waterworks bears his name. On the occasion of his laying the foundation 
 stone of the new building in Postern-gate, an elegant silver trowel, suitably inscribed, 
 was presented to him. A beautiful timepiece, too, set in black marble, was last 
 month presented to Alderman Fountain by the Freehold Land Society, of which he 
 was a Trustee. The affairs of that Society were wound up. 
 
 3 Q
 
 482 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-TJPON-HULL. 
 
 friends of the poor frequently send in donations in money, books, 
 and in other forms, on these occasions. For the children's treat of 
 1862, Mr. William Lenham, confectioner, Adelaide-street, presented 
 an immense pork pie which weighed 1401bs., and 100 pork pies 
 weighing half a pound each. These, decorated with garlands, were 
 suspended from the roof on the evening of the " treat." The small 
 pies were for the children, the large one for the adult inmates of 
 the workhouse. The Mayor, Sheriff, Governor, Dr. Usher, Dr. 
 Holden, Mr. C. Rose, Mr. W. Cullen, Mr. Alcock, Mr. Hoyland, 
 and Mr. Clarke Butlin were the chief contributors to the festive 
 evening in 1863. Mr. Butlin's gift was 360 cheesecakes. 
 
 The average number of in-door paupers for the year 1863 was 
 402, and the cost of their maintenance was £3,202. The number 
 of out-door paupers for the same year was 2,432, and their cost was 
 £4,658. The site and grounds contain about six acres. 
 
 Sculcoates Union Workhouse, Beverley-road. — The Poor Law Union 
 of Sculcoates comprehends twenty parishes or townships (including 
 those parts of the borough of Hull which do not belong to the 
 parishes of Holy Trinity or St. Mary), and embraces an area of 
 about sixty square miles. The Workhouse is a large handsome red 
 brick structure, with stone dressings, chiefly in the Tudor style 
 of architecture, erected in 1844, at an expense of about £11,000.; 
 and it affords accommodation to 500 paupers. The front range of 
 the edifice is the most ornamental, and consists of a central tower 
 (in which is a clock), the board room, and at the ends receiving 
 wards. The central or principal range of building is about 220 feet 
 in length and three stories high ; behind this are the kitchens and 
 other offices ; then comes the large dining-hall, which has a pulpit 
 at the end of it, and also serves as a Chapel ; and beyond this is 
 the large kitchen garden. A fever ward is about to be erected at 
 the rear of the premises. There are several courts or airing-yards. 
 The whole occupies about 4£ acres. During the past year (1863) 
 the average number of in-door paupers was 290, and the cost of 
 their maintenance was £1,780. The out-door paupers numbered 
 2,256, and their cost of maintenance was £4,879. The Chairman 
 of the Board of Guardians is Daniel Sykes, Esq., of Kirk Ella ; 
 Deputy-Chairman, Thomas Sissons, Esq., Jun. ; Law Clerk, Wil-
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 483 
 
 liam Chatham, Esq. ; Chaplain, Rev. R. K. Bailey, M.A. ; and the 
 Workhouse Master is Mr. Joseph Rowland Jessop. 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c— Town Hall— The old Guild Hall 
 of the borough stood at the south end of the present Market-place, 
 and at the north end of the present Meat Market or Shambles. 
 The building having fallen into a state of dilapidation, the materials 
 of which it was composed were sold by auction in February, 180G, 
 and the old structure was demolished in the month following. The 
 hall projected into the Market-place, as far as the corner building 
 on the spot it occupied does at present, and further on in the lane 
 (to the east) was the House of Correction, with a passage between 
 the two buildings. Tbe Town Hall was a brick structure, in two 
 stories, the lower one being open by arches, in the old style of 
 market-houses. It occupied a portion of the site of the Black 
 Friary, and incorporated with it was discovered a fragment of the 
 cloisters of that ancient Monastery, consisting of two complete 
 groined arches of brick. Tickell's description of the old hall is, that 
 it was "a paltry mansion for so wealthy a Corporation;" and that 
 it afforded " not the least appearance of elegance, much less magni- 
 ficence, to contribute to the ornament and splendour of the place." 
 
 In 1805, before the demolition of the building, the Corporation 
 engaged temporarily, on a lease for three years, the house of Mr. 
 Alderman Jarratt, in Low-gate, and converted it into a " Mansion 
 House," pro. tern. Courts and other offices having been erected in 
 the garden, at the rear of the building, the Magistrates transacted 
 business on the premises, for the first time, on the 11th of February, 
 1806. Though Mr. Jarratt's late residence was intended only to 
 be used as a Guild or Town Hall until such time as the Corporation 
 could get a more convenient place on which to erect another ; yet it 
 was ultimately purchased from Alderman Jarratt, and, inconvenient 
 and unsuitable as it was, the business of the Corporation was con- 
 ducted in it for upwards of half a century. 
 
 Mr. Z. C. Pearson, Mayor in 1850 and 1862, was the first to 
 take action in the erection of a new Town Hall. During that gen- 
 tleman's first mayoralty, he noticed the great inconvenience expe- 
 rienced at not having a suitable Mansion House, commensurate 
 with the importance of the town, wherein to entertain as guests any
 
 484 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 distinguished strangers who might honour the place with a visit. 
 This, Mr. Pearson determined to remedy, and at the expiration of 
 that year of office, he moved a resolution, at a meeting of the Town 
 Council, to the effect, that it was expedient that a new Town Hall 
 should be erected in the borough. Mr. Alderman Bannister moved 
 an amendment, recommending extensive alterations in, and a re- 
 construction of a great portion of the old buildings, at an estimated 
 cost of £12,000. On the question being put to the vote, the opinion 
 of the Council was found to be equally divided, and the matter 
 solely rested upon the Mayor ( W. Hodge, Esq.) ; who gave his 
 casting vote in favour of Alderman Pearson's resolution. A Com- 
 mittee to carry out the undertaking was then appointed ; and it was 
 resolved to erect the new building on the site partly occupied by the 
 old Mansion House, and to purchase and demolish the entire pro- 
 perty between Hanover and Leadenhall squares. And, in order to 
 ensure a magnificent and beautiful design for the building, a pre- 
 mium of £100. was offered to the architect who supplied the best 
 plan, and £50. for the second best. Upwards of forty architects 
 competed for the premium, but, owing to the general excellence of 
 the plans, it was difficult for the Council to decide which to give the 
 preference ; however, eight were selected as deserving of the pre- 
 miums, but in consequence of their being unable to decide as to 
 which was the best, it was determined to submit the whole of the 
 plaus to Mr. Tite, the celebrated metropolitan architect ; who, after 
 a careful examination of their merits and demerits, selected that of 
 Mr. Cuthbert Brodrick, and that gentleman was accordingly de- 
 clared the successful competitor.* The work was now commenced 
 
 * Cuthbert Brodrick, Esq., now of London and Leeds, the distinguished architect of 
 the grand Town Hall of the latter place, the Eoyal Institution and new Town Hall 
 of this town, the great hydropathic establishment at Ilkley, and the magnificent Cliff 
 Hotel at Scarborough, is one of the eminent natives of Hull. He was a pupil of Mr. 
 H. F. Lockwood, architect, formerly of Hull, with whom he continued for a short 
 time after he completed the term of his " articles." He then travelled on the con- 
 tinent of Europe for about a year, and having returned home, he commenced the 
 practice of his profession in his native town. One of his brothers is Mr. John Brod- 
 rick, shipowner, wine merchant, &c, in High-street, and an Elder Brother of Trinity 
 House. The Brodrick family have resided in Hull for upwards of 80 years as ship- 
 owners. The architect's grandfather removed here from Whitby. The maternal 
 grandfather of the architect was George Forster, Esq., a shipowner of Hull.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON -UPON-IIUIX. 485 
 
 in earnest, specifications were prepared, tenders for contract ad- 
 vertised, and that offered by Mr. Samuel Addy, of Leeds, who had 
 gained a celebrity by the erection of the new Town Hall in that 
 place, was accepted, at the estimated cost of £20,200. The con- 
 tract was immediately entered upon, and the works commenced. 
 
 The contractor being prepared to proceed with the erection of the 
 tower and main building, the foundation stone was laid October 
 9th, 1862, by William Hodge,. Esq., who filled the office of Mayor 
 during the last month of that civic year (See p. 234). The day was 
 a gala one at Hull. A large platform gallery, capable of accommo- 
 dating hundreds of people, was erected on the site of the new build- 
 ing. Flags and streamers were suspended from the houses, every- 
 thing betokened a festive or holiday rejoicing, and many thousands 
 of people assembled on and near the scene of the ceremony. 
 
 Those more immediately concerned in the programme of the day, 
 and who formed the procession of the public bodies, assembled at 
 the Public Rooms, Jarratt-street, at one o'clock in the afternoon, 
 and, after partaking of luncheon, provided by his Worship the 
 Mayor, proceeded, accompanied by the Rifle and Artillery bands, 
 through Jarratt-street, George-street, Saville-street, Whitefriar-gate, 
 Silver-street, and Low-gate, to the site of the Town Hall. The 
 chief personages in this procession were the Mayor, Sheriff, Alder- 
 men, Town Councillors, and Magistrates ; the authorities of the 
 Trinity House, Dock Company, Custom House, and Workhouses ; 
 the Foreign Consuls, and the officers of the Corporation, &c. The 
 various preliminaries having been arranged, Mr. Alderman Ban- 
 nister (as Chairman of the Town Hall Committee, and on their be- 
 half) called upon the Mayor " to lay the first stone of this magnifi- 
 cent building, which, it is admitted (said he) on all hands will be, 
 when completed, a credit to the old town of Hull. When I say that 
 Mr. Brodrick is the architect of the building, and that his plans 
 were submitted to the first architect of the day, and approved 
 against all England, I may then with confidence say it will be a 
 building perfect in its parts and honourable to the builder. I have 
 great pleasure in handing this mallet to you, Mr. Mayor (continued 
 Mr. Bannister), and I know of no one that I could hand it over to 
 with greater pleasure than yourself. You are entitled to it from
 
 486 HISTOEY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 your integrity as a mercantile man, and you have won your position 
 by indomitable perseverance and attention to the duties devolving 
 upon you. England is indebted to such men as you and others for 
 its present proud position." The worthy Alderman then handed 
 to his worship a beautiful silver trowel (supplied by Mr. B. Jacobs), 
 bearing a suitable inscription and the arms of the borough, and the 
 stone was laid.* The Rev. John Scott offered up an appropriate 
 prayer, and several addresses were afterwards delivered by the Re- 
 corder, the Sheriff, &c. In the evening the Mayor entertained about 
 100 gentlemen at a grand banquet held at the Vittoria Hotel. 
 
 The noble buildiug, of which a great portion is erected (March, 
 1864), has a frontage in Low-gate of about 103 feet, and is in the 
 Italian style, having eight circular-headed casement windows facing 
 Low-gate on the ground floor, and nine similar windows on the first 
 floor, with a red Mansfield column aud carved cap between each, 
 and a handsome cornice with carved frieze, and ornamental balus- 
 trade, with a clock tower in the centre, about 140 feet high, and 
 turrets at each angle. The fronts facing Hanover and Leadenhall 
 squares have pilasters instead of columns between the windows. 
 Internally, on the basement floor, there are the usual offices. The 
 ground floor contains the vestibule ; the principal staircase, about 
 48 feet long, 34 feet wide, and 42 feet high, with red Mansfield 
 stone steps, Caen stone balustrade, and Sicilian marble handrails; 
 the Treasurer's and Law Clerk's offices, two strong-rooms, Water- 
 works engineer's office, Record-room, and Board of Health offices, 
 &c. In the rear are the Police and Sessions Courts, with the Ma- 
 gistrates' rooms, and there are cells under each court for the ac- 
 commodation of prisoners, with a passage to communicate with each 
 dock. On the first floor are the Mayor's Reception-room, about 58 
 
 * The plate placed under the stone was thus inscribed : — " The foundation stone of 
 the new Town Hall of Kingston-upon-Hull was laid by Alderman William Hodge, 
 Mayor of the said borough, on Thursday, the 9th day of October, in the 26th year 
 of the reign of her Majesty Queen Victoria, and A.D., 1862. William Hodge, Esq., 
 Mayor ; Samuel Warren, Esq., Q.C., Eecorder ; John Thomas Dobson, Esq., Sheriff." 
 (Then followed the names of the Aldermen, Town Councillors, Town Clerk, Treasurer, 
 Architect, and Contractor.) In a cavity made in the stone were placed two bottles — 
 one containing a copy of the above inscription in parchment and all the silver coinage 
 of the realm, and the other a copy of the " Hull and Eastern Counties Herald " news- 
 paper, published on the day of the ceremony.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-IIULL. 487 
 
 feet long, 29 feet wide, and 25 feet high ; Mayor's private room, 
 Town Clerk's offices, Record-room, and two Committee-rooms; 
 Council Chamber, about 36 feet square; Grand Jury-room, Re- 
 corder's-room, &c. 
 
 The first part of the Town Hall buildings fiuished was the new 
 Police Court. It was opened on the Gth of April, 1863, and is an 
 airy, well-lighted, well-veutilated, comfortable, and commodious apart- 
 ment, with a gallery that will seat nearly 200 spectators. 
 
 The new Council Chamber has also been completed, and the mem- 
 bers of the Corporation met in it for the transaction of business for 
 the first time on the 9th of November, 1863. On the floor this 
 handsome apartment is a square, with 16 pilasters at the sides, 
 from the Ionic caps of which spring the arches. These are divided 
 into coffined panels with patera? in the middle. In the centre of the 
 niche of the arch is a large shell supported by an angular pilaster, 
 also being surmounted with Ionic caps. The walls at the spring of 
 the arch are in the form of an octagon. The ceiling is circular and 
 spherical, and is divided by moulded rims into two compartments. 
 The lower compartment contains drooping centre flowers, which are 
 perforated so as to admit of ventilation. In the upper compartment 
 there are 16 bunches of flowers, beautifully formed in plaster. The 
 chamber is lighted by a splendid cast-iron dome in the centre of the 
 ceiling, 16 feet in diameter, from the moulded and enriched rim of 
 which there are suspended four handsome fifteen-light lacquered 
 gassaliers of the corona shape. The furnishing was executed by 
 Messrs. Richardson and Sons, and consists of a solid oak centre 
 table, semi-circular in shape, supported by handsomely carved stand- 
 ards. At the head of this is the Mayor's chair, surmounted with 
 the Corporation arms, and on either side of it are chairs for the 
 Deputy Mayor and the Town Clerk. In front of the Mayor is a 
 desk, on which rests the mace when the Town Council is assem- 
 bled. The Aldermen sit round this table, and behind them are 
 ranged two semicircular lines of narrow table or flat desk for the 
 Town Councillors. Each gentleman is supplied with a richly 
 finished chair. There is a narrow gallery for the spectators. 
 
 During the interval of several months which elapsed between the 
 taking down of the old Council Chamber and the building of the
 
 488 HISTORY OF K1NGST0N-UP0N-HULL. 
 
 new one, the Town Council held their meetings in the County Court 
 room, which they had fitted up for that purpose ; and since the old 
 Mansion House has been demolished, the Corporation Offices have 
 been transferred to a house in Scale-lane. The offices of the Board 
 of Health are now held in the Sculcoates Hall. 
 
 The Sessions Court has not been rebuilt, but towards the close of 
 the year 1862, the building underwent considerable alterations and 
 improvements. A glass dome was then introduced into the roof, 
 and two gas-sunlights (with patent ventilators) inserted in the ceiling. 
 The Grand Jury-room was remodelled. 
 
 The pictures belonging to the Town Hall are those : — a portrait 
 of Alderman Lambert, Mayor in 1G07 ; a picture representing Al- 
 derman Crowle (twice Mayor in the reign of Charles II.), his wife 
 and children (See p. 242) ; Alderman Daniel Sykes ; a full length 
 of Queen Victoria, and one of Sir Henry Cooper, Knt, M.D. (See 
 p. 191); a portrait of T. Thompson, Esq., ex-Town Clerk (See p. 
 240) ; and one of Alderman Thompson, painted by Mr. G. P. Green 
 in 1858. The elegant frame of the latter was designed by Mr. Bethel 
 Jacobs. At the base, Commerce and Agriculture are emblematised 
 on each side of the inscription tablet, surmounted by the worthy 
 Alderman's crest. At the top the Hull arms are central, with 
 shipping above, and on either side the municipal insignia, backed 
 by the national banners. The upper corners are decorated with 
 conches, and the lower ones by dolphins. The subject of the 
 painting is seated and robed as Mayor. The inscription runs thus : 
 — " This portrait of Thomas Thompson, Esq., twice Mayor of Hull, 
 was presented by subscription to the Town Council, as a memorial 
 of his long and valuable services to the Corporation of the town." 
 It was arranged that this picture should be hung in the Property 
 Committee Room, the scene of Alderman Thompson's most success- 
 ful labours.* 
 
 * In reference to this picture we read the following complimentary observations in 
 the Eastern Counties Herald newspaper of Nov. 11th, 1858. 
 
 " When a long and useful career of activity is drawing to a close, nothing can be 
 more delightful than to receive some conspicuous mark of approval from townsmen 
 and coadjutors, and if there is one mode of expressing this approval preferable to 
 another, it is in the lineaments of the individual being perpetuated by the artist, so 
 constituting an enduring memorial of good deeds and public usefulness. In this res-
 
 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 489 
 
 As before stated, Mr. C. Brodrick is the architect, and Mr. S. 
 Addy the contractor. Mr. C. Pulman is Clerk of the Works. The 
 wood work is being executed by Mr. Hutchinson, the slating by 
 Messrs. Dawber and Son, aud the painting by Mr. Wm. Wardale. 
 
 Courts of Justice. — Elsewhere we have shown that Hull was formerly an assize 
 town. As Commissioners of Oyer and Terminer and Jail Delivery, the Judges were 
 obliged to come here to hold an assize, when requested by the Mayor and Burgesses. 
 By an arrangement long since entered into, the criminal business was transferred to 
 the assizes at York. 
 
 The Borough Quarter Sessions of the Peace are held about the times of Christmas, 
 Easter, Midsummer, and Michaelmas. The Eecorder of the borough, S. Warren, 
 Esq., presides at this court. (See p. 239.) T. P. E. Thompson, Esq., is his Deputy. 
 
 The Mayor and Sheriff's Court of Record, called the Court of Venire (to come), 
 because the parties concerned are summoned to appear, is as ancient as the liberties 
 of the town. This Court, where civil causes of every description arising within the 
 limits of the borough may be tried, is always held in the Sessions Court immediately 
 after the Quarter Sessions. The Recorder sits as judge, with the Mayor and Sheriff, 
 and gives rules and decisions therein. Robert Wells, Esq., is Deputy Judge. Be- 
 fore the appointment of Sheriffs by Henry VI., this Court was held before the Re- 
 corder, Mayor, and Bailiffs. 
 
 An Act of Parliament was obtained in 1761 for holding here a Court of Requests, 
 for the town, port, and county of the town of Kingston-upon-Hull. The Mayor and 
 Aldermen for the time being, and thirty more of the inhabitants, were Commissioners. 
 Three of the Commissioners constituted a bench, and the debt sued for was to be 
 under 40s. By the Act 48th of George III. (1800), debts not exceeding ,£5. might 
 be recovered in the Court of Requests. 
 
 The County Court of Yorkshire, pursuant to Acts of 9th and 10th Vie., c. 93; 12th 
 and 13th Vic, c. 101 ; and 13th aud 14th Vic, c. 61, have entirely superseded the 
 Court of Requests. The County Court takes cognizance of all debts, damages, or 
 demands, in which the amount sought to be recovered does not exceed £b0. This 
 Court is held about once a month. William Raines, Esq., of Wyton Hall, is the Judge. 
 
 A Bankruptcy Court is held here every Wednesday, at which one of the Commis- 
 sioners of Bankruptcy presides. 
 
 Petty Sessions are held daily in the Police Court. The Borough Justices formerly 
 presided in this Court, but at the instance of the Town Council, a Stipendary Police 
 Magistrate (T. H. Travis, Esq.), was appointed by the Crown in 1856 (See p. 241.) 
 
 Sculcoates Hall, Worship-street. — Before the parish of Sculcoates 
 formed part of the borough of Hull, this building was erected for, 
 and used as a Sessions House by the Magistrates of the Hunsley 
 Beacon division of the East Riding. Soon after the formation of 
 
 pect the ex-Mayor,Mr. Alderman Thompson, is fortunate. Many generations, we trust, 
 will be as familiar with his features as his contemporaries are, for many a future 
 generation will participate in the benefits which he has been instrumental in con- 
 ferring upon the town. The present flourishing condition of the Corporation's estate 
 is the best proof of the value of the Alderman's services during the many years that 
 he held the Chairmanship of the Property Committee. 
 
 3 B
 
 490 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 the General Board of Health, that body purchased the building of 
 the Sculcoates Commissioners for regulating the affairs of that parish. 
 The edifice, which adjoins the Public Rooms, is large, and of red brick 
 with stone dressings. The entrance is through a recessed portico 
 with four Doric pillars, and the top of the building is parapeted. 
 The first floor is reached by a stone staircase. The room in which 
 the Petty Sessions were formerly held is a fine apartment. The 
 Board of Health now occupy this building, but on the completion 
 of the new Town Hall, the offices of the board will be removed 
 thither. The old seal of the Sculcoates Commissioners exhibits a 
 •view of the front of this hall, and bears the date, 1801. 
 
 Public Rooms, Jarratt-street and Kingston-square. — The upper 
 story of the Grammar School building was erected in 1585, for a 
 Merchants' Exchange and Assembly Room. The next assembly- 
 room that we know anything of extended from Dagger-lane (where 
 its main entrance was) to the " Walls," and its site is now occupied 
 by a large warehouse lying between the houses numbered 14 and 
 15, Prince's Dock-street. The building called the Public Rooms, 
 situated as above, was erected by a body of shareholders in 1830. 
 The first stone was laid on the day that King William IV. was 
 proclaimed in Hull. A procession, consisting of the members of 
 the Literary and Philosophical Society, the subscribers to the Hull 
 Subscription Library and the Lyceum Library, the members of the 
 Mechanics' Institute, Choral Society, &c, paraded the principal 
 streets, and the stone was laid by the Chairman of the Building 
 Committee. In a hollow of the stone was deposited a bottle, enclo- 
 sing a roll of vellum containing the inscription, with the names of 
 the Committee, subscribers, &c. ; and a brass plate was laid over 
 this, bearing a Latin inscription, of which the following is a trans- 
 lation : — " This building, intended to promote and encourage the de- 
 livery of Lectures on Science and Literature, as well as for the con- 
 venient holding of Assemblies, and occasional public meetings, was 
 erected for the benefit of the 2mblic. Long may it continue to answer 
 the important purposes for which it was designed. John Broadley, 
 Esq., laid the foundation stone on the 28th of June, in the first year 
 of the reign of William the Fourth, a.d. 1830." In the evening a 
 public dinner took place at the Kingston Hotel.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-IlUIX. 491 
 
 The edifice, which is handsome and of brick, covered with Roman 
 cement, and ornamented with stone capitals and bases of the Grecian 
 Ionic order, is 142 feet long and 79 broad ; the noble entrance has 
 four massy pillars, supporting a pediment; and in the centre of 
 the side of the building, abutting on Jarratt-street, is a similar pedi- 
 ment, supported by four semicircular or half pillars. The vestibule 
 is 41 feet by 10^, and there is a ladies' room attached. The prin- 
 cipal room — the Music Hall — is a fine apartment, 91 feet long, 41 
 feet broad, and 40 feet in height ; richly decorated, and will hold 
 nearly 1,200 persons, exclusive of the orchestra, which will accom- 
 modate 200 performers. Adjoining is a card room and a with- 
 drawing room. The Committee room and orchestra has a separate 
 entrance on the south side. A fine staircase, 24 feet by 15, leads 
 to two large rooms, formerly used as the Lecture-room and Museum 
 of the Literary and Philosophical Society, and now as the School 
 and Gallery of Art. 
 
 The building was erected from the designs of Mr. Mountain, but 
 finished under the direction of Mr. Abrahams, of London. The 
 Secretary to the proprietors is Mr. Robert Bowser. 
 
 The Yorkshire Amateur Musical Society held its 25th Anni- 
 versary in the Music Hall, in 1833 ; their 29th anniversary in the 
 same place, in 1837 ; and their 37th in 1845. 
 
 Musical Societies. — Hull can boast of a goodly number of talented musical amateurs 
 both in the vocal and instrumental departments. It had formerly at least two ex- 
 cellent musical societies — a choral and a philharmonic, but both collapsed through 
 giving public concerts of too expensive a character. The Choral Society was founded 
 in 1824, and existed about 10 years ; and it was this body that introduced Mr. G. J. 
 Skelton to the people of Hull. The Philharmonic Society was established about 1 832, 
 and died about the year 1840. Mr. Thirlwall, a celebrated violinist, was their first 
 leader, and he was succeeded by Mr. Rudersdorff. Madame Rudersdorff, daughter 
 of the latter gentleman, sang her first song in public about the age of 12, in the Hull 
 Music Hall. The Sacred Harmonic Society (a vocal and instrumental body) was 
 founded about 1847, and ceased to exist in 1859. They gave four public concerts 
 annually, and their Conductor was Mr. George Leng. Then a body of musical ama- 
 teurs, called the Kingston Sacred Musical Society, came into existence, but did not 
 last for any length of time. After it the Hull Subscription Musical Society was formed, 
 and it struggled for about five years. Dr. H. Deval conducted it for some time. 
 
 The Hull Choral Society, which is now in a good condition, was established in 1850. 
 Their present Conductor, Mr. G. J. Skelton, was one of the founders, and the so- 
 ciety's present to that gentleman, of an ivory baton, is noticed at a subsequent page. 
 The society numbers about fifty voices, gives three concerts every year, and possesses 
 a good library of glees, madrigals, operatic works, &c.
 
 492 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-TJPON-HULL. 
 
 A good Quartette Society was founded in December, ] 862, by its Conductor, Mons, 
 Henri Hartog. From " Les Artistes Miciens," by Gregor (1864), we learn that this 
 eminent violinist is a native of Dordrecht, and appeared as a public performer there 
 at the age of seven ; that in 1853 he entered as a pupil at the Conservatoire de Brux- 
 elles, under MM. Leonard and Futis, where he obtained the first prize in 1858; that, 
 after a professional tour, he came to London, and then established himself at Hull. 
 The same author speaks highly of Mons. Hartog as a musician, and states that he is 
 the composer of several pieces of music, published in Mayence and London. 
 
 The Musical Festivals held in Hull are noticed at page 378. 
 
 Royal Institution, Albion-street. — The erection of this handsome 
 edifice, which was built jointly by the Literary and Philosophical 
 Society, and the Committee of the Hull Subscription Library, was 
 commenced on the 17th of May, 1853, when the foundation stones 
 were laid, with much ceremony, by two noblemen — the Earl of 
 Carlisle (Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding), and the late Lord 
 Londesborough — the former famed for his distinguished position 
 in the world of classical, elegant, and polite literature ; the latter 
 for his high scientific attainments. The ceremony afforded an 
 opportunity for a grand Masonic demonstration — the Provincial 
 Grand Lodge of the North and East Ridings of Yorkshire being in 
 attendance. Rarely in Hull had the sun shone upon a more bril- 
 liant scene than that which was exhibited on the morning of this 
 ceremony. " The high and noble of our land, the richest and most 
 influential of our citizens, the fairest of our fair townswomen, the 
 young and the old, the wealthiest and the most indigent, were on 
 that day assembled together to assist in celebrating an event which 
 will be long remembered in Hull." This is the language of one 
 who witnessed the scene and who described it faithfully. The 
 learned editor of the Hull Advertiser (Mr. E. F. Collins), in a 
 leading article on this subject, truly and beautifully observes that 
 " there is not another city or town in the United Kingdom, which 
 could boast of having done so much in one day, not only to pro- 
 mote, but to honour literature and philosophy, as was done with 
 the hearty concurrence of all classes of the inhabitants of Hull and 
 the neighbourhood on Tuesday. By a sort of instinctive concur- 
 rence (he wrote), what was intended as a mere pageant became a 
 high festival. Commerce for a time forsook the mart to render 
 homage to literature, while the masonic splendour of Yorkshire 
 presented its mystic offerings of corn, wine, and oil, at the shrine
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUTX. 403 
 
 of science. As a spectacle (he adds), it was grand and imposing ; 
 as an event in the history of the town of Hull, it was one of which 
 the whole of the inhabitants have call to feel exceedingly proud." 
 
 The freemasons assembled at their lodge in Osborne-street, and 
 walked in procession from thence to the Public Rooms in Jarratt- 
 street, where they were joined by the Earl of Carlisle, members of 
 the Philosophical Society, subscribers to the Library, the Corpora- 
 tion, the foreign Consuls, the Warden and Elder Brethren of Trinity 
 House, the magistrates, clergy, gentry, and public officers, &c. 
 Starting from Jarratt-street, the procession, headed by the splendid 
 band of the 21st regiment of fusileers, passed along Mason-street 
 and Bourne-street, into Charlotte-street and George-street, and thence 
 by Bond-street into Albion-street to the site of the building. It was 
 indeed a gay and brilliant spectacle. The beautiful light uniform 
 of the baud contrasting with the sombre garments of the gentlemen 
 following, and these again being relieved by the glittering uniforms 
 of the Consuls and the scarfs, badges, and insignia of the freemasons, 
 presented an appearance at once varied and pleasing. The free- 
 masons formed the latter part of the pageant. There were upwards 
 of four hundred of that order present, Lord Londesborough, as 
 Provincial Grand Master, coming in his appointed place of honour. 
 The scene on the building ground was truly dazzling. A large 
 number of ladies occupied a platform which had been prepared for 
 them. The windows of the house opposite were crowded with fair 
 faces desirous of witnessing the ceremony. In the streets thou- 
 sands upon thousands were congregated. And, as if naught should 
 be wanting to complete the splendour of the scene, the sky was 
 cloudless, and the sun shone out gloriously, adding brilliancy to the 
 many-coloured flags of all nations that were there suspended, and 
 fluttered in the breeze. The chimes of the bells too, of every steeple 
 in the town, added to the joyousness of the hour. The foundation 
 stone of the Subscription Library was the first that was laid.* A 
 
 * Immediately before the ceremony of placing the first stone in its destined position, 
 Charles Frost, Esq., President of the Committee, addressed the brilliant assemblage 
 to the following effect : — Two kindred societies, after having passed a long existence 
 at a distance from one another, now agreed to join, to seek a domicile together, and 
 to place themselves side by side. The Library, founded so long ago as 1775, and in 
 the year 1800 laid the first stone of new buildings, which have since grown too small
 
 494 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 bottle was placed in a recess prepared for the purpose, containing a 
 number of coins fresh from the mint, and an inscribed parchment, 
 giving the names of the principal personages then present, the 
 average price of wheat, barley, oats, beef, and mutton, the popula- 
 tion of the borough, and labourers' wages. An inscribed plate was 
 placed over the recess in the stone containing the bottle. The ven- 
 erable Vicar of Holy Trinity Church supplicated a blessing on the 
 work. The noble Earl was then presented by Mr. Frost with the 
 silver trowel which his lordship had used in laying the stone. 
 
 The noblemen and gentlemen immediately interested, then pro- 
 ceeded to the spot where the first stone of the Philosophical Society's 
 hall was to be laid. Here the freemasons were assembled, with all 
 their regalia. Mr. Frost having presented Lord Londesborough 
 with a silver trowel, his lordship laid the stone (in which was placed 
 a bottle containing coins, a parchment, &c, covered by an inscribed 
 plate), according to the formalities and ceremonies usually observed 
 by freemasons on such occasions. 
 
 The speeches over, and the hearty huzzas for the Queen, the two 
 noblemen present, the Mayor, and the ladies, the procession was 
 re-formed, and proceeded back to the Public Rooms to the breakfast. 
 The tables were covered with a profusion of all the delicacies in 
 season. Mr. Frost occupied the chair, and some excellent speeches 
 were delivered. 
 
 On the morning of the 14th of October, 1854, immediately before 
 her Majesty the Queen and the royal procession left the Station 
 Hotel to make a progress through the town, H.R.H. Prince Albert, 
 the patron of the Literary and Philosophical Society, visited and 
 
 for its accommodation, notwithstanding that it has increased the extent of those 
 buildings, by the purchase of three or four adjoining houses. The Literary and 
 Philosophical Society, now in the thirtieth year of its existence, found this piece of 
 ground disengaged, and with the Library, agreed to join and have a building erected 
 for the use of these respective institutions. And so by joining, they have been enabled 
 to design a building which will give a common facade of great beauty pertaining to 
 both institutions. Both institutions will henceforth have the full opportunity of 
 working together, and carrying out the common objects both have in view. The Li- 
 brary will furnish information to those who wish to profit by it, and through that in- 
 formation, the members of the Literary and Philosophical Society will, by the aid of 
 the excellent works in the library, be enabled to profit as well as by the means afforded 
 to them of acquiring knowledge by the lectures given during the session.
 
 IIISTOBY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 495 
 
 examined the new edifice (See p. 188); and her Majesty on that 
 occasion was pleased to command that henceforth the united build- 
 ing should be called the Hull Royal Institution* 
 
 The new edifice was opened on the 24th of the same month, and 
 three following days, with a Grand Bazaar for the sale of works of 
 art, science, &c, and an extensive and valuable exhibition of paint- 
 ings, sculpture, models, &c, in aid of the building fund of the 
 Literary and Philosophical Society, and under the patronage of 
 Prince Albert, the Earls of Carlisle, Shaftesbury, and Yarborough, 
 Lords Londesborough and Hotham, and an immense list of the 
 gentry of the town and district. Amongst the ladies who presided 
 at the stalls, were Lady Clifford Constable, Lady Cooper, the Hon. 
 Mrs. A. Duncombe, Mrs. C. Frost, Mrs. J. V. Thompson, Mrs. 
 Thomas Thompson, Mrs. Pease of Hesslewood, Mrs. Sleddon, Mrs. 
 Muuro, Mrs. Rollitt, Mrs. Helmsing, &c. The attendance was a 
 highly fashionable one, and the produce of the stalls amounted to 
 £1,479. There was a full dress ball on the first evening of the 
 opening at the Public Rooms, for the same object. 
 
 The first lecture in the new hall was delivered on the evening of 
 the 28th of November, 1854, by Sir Henry Cooper, Knt. (the then 
 Mayor), his subject being, " Kingston-upon-Hull — its institutions 
 and its capabilities." 
 
 The beautiful building of the Ptoyal Institution, which was de- 
 signed by Mr. Cuthbert Brodrick, is not only a fitting home for the 
 kindred societies for which it was erected ; but in the beauty of its 
 external appearance and the harmony of its proportions it is a credit 
 to and one of the chief ornaments of the town. It covers an area of 
 2,200 square yards, and the principal facade, which is 160 feet long 
 and 40 feet high, is entirely built of cut stone, approached by stone 
 steps, and protected by handsome cast iron palisades, bronzed and 
 tipped with gold. The style of architecture is Ptoman, and of the 
 Corinthian order, and the centre part is deeply recessed. Ten 
 coupled columns in front, disposed after the manner of the Louvre 
 
 * When H.R.H. Prince Albert died (See p. 201), an address of condolence was 
 forwarded to the Home Secretary for presentation to her Majesty, from the President 
 and Council of the Literary and Philosophical Society, and the President and Com- 
 mittee of the Subscription Library, jointly from the Royal Institution.
 
 496 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 at Paris, and about 12 feet in advance of the main building, support 
 an entablature and attic of good proportions. The wings slightly 
 project, and have pilasters and pediments on them — the whole 
 standing upon a bold rusticated basement. 
 
 The fitting up of the interior corresponds in every way with the 
 magnificent exterior. The Subscription Library occupies the moiety 
 of the building towards the west, and is totally disconnected from 
 the other institution. It consists of Book Rooms, calculated to hold 
 upwards of 60,000 volumes, a Reading Room, Committee Room, 
 &c, the whole being connected together by an elegant entrance- 
 hall or vestibule, which is ornamented with four handsome columns 
 and 18 pilasters, painted to represent green marble, the caps being 
 in white and gold. The Reading Room is 49 feet by 31, with a 
 kind of apse at one end, supported by pillars and pilasters. In this 
 handsome apartment is a fine full-length painting, by Carl Shmitt, 
 of the late Charles Frost, Esq. (President of the Subscription Li- 
 brary Committee and of the Literary and Philosophical Society), 
 which was presented to him by his friends on the day on which the 
 first stones of the Royal institution were laid. Here are also por- 
 traits of Thomas Lee, Esq. (founder of the Library),* presented by 
 J. T. Woodhouse, M.D. ; and of Dr. Birkbeck, painted and pre- 
 sented, in 1805, by John Russell, R.A. (a native of Guildford, Sur- 
 rey), who died in Hull in 1806, whilst on a visit here, and was 
 
 * The Hull Subscription Library was founded by Mr. Lee (of the firm of Pead, Lee, 
 and Co.), at the suggestion of Mr. Francis Taylor. Mr. Lee having obtained the 
 assistance of Mr. Benjamin Pead, Mr. Ed. Baker, and many other friends, a general 
 meeting of about fifty subscribers was held, and a Committee of management chosen 
 at that meeting entered upon their office on the 16th of December, 1775. The number 
 of books and the resources of the subscribers having progressively increased, it be- 
 came necessary and practicable to provide a commodious and suitable library room. 
 Accordingly, ground on which to erect the building was purchased in Parliament- 
 street and Whitefriar-gate, of Mr. W. Bell and Mr. T. Jackson; on the 21st of June, 
 1800, its foundation stone was laid by Dr. John Alderson, the President of the Com- 
 mittee, and on the 1st of July, 1801, the general meeting of the subscribers was held 
 in the new library room for the first time. After the books were removed to the Royal 
 Institution, the premises in Parliament-street were sold (in 1860) to Mr. Z. C. Pearson, 
 and they are now in the occupation of Messrs. Thompson and Cooke, solicitors, and 
 Messrs. W. Brown, Atkinson and Co., shipowners, &c. 
 
 The President of the Library Committee for the year 1864 is the Rev. T. B. Paget, 
 M.A. ; and the Treasurer is R. L. Cook, Esq. Mr. Richard T. Cussons is the Li- 
 brarian. There are 510 shareholders.
 
 HISTORY OP KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 407 
 
 buried in High Church. Dr. Birkbeck was the founder of Me- 
 chanics' Institutes. The Book Room measures 46 feet by 40, is 
 30 feet in height, and has a gallery all round it. The Deposit 
 Room, too, is galleried. There are besides, a Committee Room, and 
 an office for the librarian. The library at present contains about 
 31,000 volumes, in every department of literature, including the 
 public Records and Statutes. The collection is unequalled in any 
 town of similar size to Hull in the kingdom, for its extent, the va- 
 riety and excellence of its subjects, its fine selection of valuable 
 standard works, and the large number of its costly illustrated works. 
 
 The Literary and Philosophical Society possess the easternmost 
 half of the building. The entrance doorway leads into a noble cor- 
 ridor, 90 feet long and 25 wide, forming an Ionic arcade, orna- 
 mented with 22 columns and 14 pilasters ; and lighted from the 
 top by three circular domes. The columns, which are of wood, are 
 excellent fac-similes of red granite; the capitals are white, and 
 edged with gold; and the cornices are beautifully wrought out with 
 appropriate and varied shades of colour. On either side of this 
 beautiful corridor, and separated from it by the arches of the arcade, 
 is an aisle, and the ceilings of the whole are coloured light ultra- 
 marine. These three apartments are devoted to the purposes of a 
 Museum. The Lecture Hall is a large semi-detached building at 
 the back of this. It is semicircular in form, with a panelled ceiling, 
 and the seats (to accommodate 700 persons) descend to the lecturer's 
 table. At the rear are also a Council Room, a Committee Room, 
 and a Laboratory.* 
 
 The Society to which these premises belong was established on 
 the 6th of November, 1822, for the purpose of promoting literature, 
 science, and the arts, by the delivery of public lectures, the reading 
 of original essays, &c. The first meeting of the society, for the 
 reading of papers, was held in the large room of the Exchange, on 
 Monday, the 30th of October, 1823, when Dr. John Alderson (the 
 President) communicated an interesting paper on a new theory of 
 
 * The mason work of the Eoyal Institution was erected by Messrs. Simpson and 
 Malone; the brick and plaster work by Mr. B. Musgrave; the slating by Messrs. 
 Dawber and Son ; the wood work was commenced by Mr. Margison, but the late Mr. 
 John Hockney completed it ; and the painting and decorations of the interior were 
 done by Mr. William Wardale. 
 
 3 s
 
 498 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 the earth. The papers of the Society then continued to be read in 
 this apartment, and two rooms in the upper story of the building 
 were engaged for the Museum. Subsequently the members met in 
 the spacious room of the Subscription Library. Soon after this, 
 the erection of a suite of Public Eooms was suggested, a portion of 
 which might be appropriated to the purpose of this society. In 
 1829 a plan was approved on behalf of the institution, and in 1831 
 the society took possession of the two large apartments in the upper 
 story of the Public Ptooms (Jarratt-street). Here they were domi- 
 ciled until the P^oyal Institution was built, long before which period 
 their Museum was in such a crowded state that it was scarcely 
 possible to preserve the specimens. H. K. H. the Prince of Wales 
 has recently consented to become the patron of the Society. 
 
 Among the chief objects of interest in the Museum of the Literary and Philoso- 
 phical Society are the following : — A good geological collection ; the skeleton of a 
 large whale, which was washed ashore at the mouth of the Humber in 1835, and of 
 a smaller whale, found in the Humber in 1846; casts of the bones of the mega- 
 therium; skulls of the rhinoceros, grampus, whale, walrus, shark, wild bull of India, 
 •Jjc. ; skeletons of Plantigrade hears, the kangaroo, &o. ; the head of a hippopotamus ; 
 specimens of the polar bear, sea unicorn, sword fish, tunny mackerel, hammer-headed 
 shark, crocodile, walrus, great flying phalanger, &c. ; collections of preserved British 
 and foreign birds, reptiles, fishes, shells, and corals. The Zoological department con- 
 taining many valuable specimens ; Druidic and Eomano-British antiquities ; a number 
 of miscellaneous curiosities from China, India, Africa, &c. ; some relics of Captain 
 Ross ; cannon balls, one of which was found in digging the foundations for St. Ste- 
 phen's Church, another in excavating the Victoria dock, a third found in a garden on 
 the Hessle road, and a fourth found in December, 1S63, in excavating the deep drain 
 sewer in Neptune-street, 10 feet below the surface of the ground, and about 300 yards 
 from the Humber. These balls were doubtless fired during the siege of Hull. Close 
 to the latter ball was lying a piece of an oak tree in a horizontal position. 
 
 In the Council Room is a large cabinet of the " Port of Hull Imports," which was 
 exhibited at the Great Exhibition, London, in 1851, where it obtained a prize medal. 
 It was purchased by the Literary and Philosophical Society in 1852. Here too is an 
 oil painting of Belshazzar's Feast, by Old Frank, presented, in 1850, by J. H. Gibson, 
 Esq., surgeon. In the Museum is a picture of Jeptha's Daughter, by Correggio, pre- 
 sented by George Wright, Esq., in 1859 ; and an oil painting, the gift of the late R. C. 
 Tealby, Esq., in 1859. In the vestibule are casts of the Apollo Belvedere and the 
 Venus di Milo, presented by his late Pi. H. Prince Albert, K.G. 
 
 Principally through the exertions of the Literary and Philoso- 
 phical Society, the British Association for the Advancement of Science 
 held its twenty-third annual meeeting iu Hull, in September, 1853. 
 That learned body met under the presidency of William Hopkins, 
 Esq., and its meetings took place in the saloon of the Mechanics'
 
 HISTORY OF KINGST0N-UP0N-IIUI.1,. 499 
 
 Institute and in the Public Rooms. The association divided itself 
 into seven sections, in which original papers relating to mathematics, 
 chemistry, geology, botany, geography, statistics, and mechanical 
 science, were read and discussed. The meeting was very successful ; 
 the attention of the elite of the scientific world was very numerous. 
 Many of the papers were contributions of the local friends of science ; 
 and were highly honourable to their diligence and ability.* On 
 one of the days (September 15th) about 200 members of the associ- 
 ation made excursions to Grimston Park, the beautiful seat of Lord 
 Londesborough, where tbey were hospitably entertained by its noble 
 owner. Another body of them visited Beverley and Flambrough, 
 and were entertained that evening, on their return to Beverley, by 
 the Mayor and Corporation of that ancient borough. During the 
 visit of the association to Hull, hospitality was the " order of the 
 day." The President entertained at dinner, at the Railway Hotel, 
 about 300 ladies and gentlemen, including the Mayor, Recorder, 
 and Town Clerk, of the borough, and a host of illustrious names in 
 science. The Mayor's soiree, in the same place, and on the same 
 evening, was attended by nearly every member of the association — • 
 lady as well as gentlemen — then in the town. There w r as another 
 grand soiree, afterwards held at the Public Rooms, which was at- 
 
 * The papers read by gentlemen of Hull are as follows : — 
 John P. Bell, Esq., M. D. — Observations on the Character and Measurements of De- 
 gradation of the Yorkshire Coast. 
 Mr. George G. Kemp — On the Waste of the Holderness Coast. 
 Mr. James Oldham, C.E.— On the Physical Features of the Humber. 
 
 „ On the Eise, Progress, and present position of Steam Na- 
 
 vigation in Hull. 
 Mr. J. D. Sollitt— On the Chemical Constitution of the Humber Deposits. 
 
 n „ On the Composition and Figuring of the Specula of Eefiecting 
 
 Telescopes. 
 Mr. J. D. Sollitt and Mr. Eobert Harrison— On the Diatoniacese found in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Hull. 
 Mr. William Lawton — On the Meteorology of Hull. 
 Henry Munroe, Esq., M.D.— Statistics relative to the Northern Whale Fisheries from 
 
 1772 to 1852. 
 Henry (now Sir Henry) Cooper, Esq., M.D.— On the Mortality in the Autumn of 1849. 
 
 „ „ On the Prevalence of Disease in Hull. 
 
 Mr. J. A. Forster — On the Improvements in Organ Machinery. 
 Rev. J. Selkirk— On the Causes, Extent, and Prevention of Crime, with especial re- 
 ference to Hull. 
 The late Dr. Horner read a paper in the Botany and Zoology section of the meeting.
 
 500 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-TJPON-HULL. 
 
 tended by nearly 600 persons ; and the resident medical gentlemen 
 of Hull entertained the medical strangers of the British Association 
 to an elegant and sumptuous breakfast at the London Hotel. 
 
 The President of the Literary and Philosophical Society for this 
 year (1864) is Humphrey Sandwith, Esq., M.D.; the Vice Presi- 
 dents are the Rev. H. W. Kemp and J. D. Sollitt, Esq. ; the Hon. 
 Secretaries are Dr. Kelburne King and Robert Harrison, Esq. ; R. 
 W. Jameson, Esq., is the Treasurer ; and the Curator is Mr. Samuel 
 P. Hudson. 
 
 Mechanics' Institute, George-street. — One evening in the month 
 of January, 1825, four young men, Messrs. James Oldham, Bishop 
 Barnby, W. Hodge, and — Astrop (a miller), met for the purpose 
 of talking over the possibility of having a Mechanics' Institute in 
 Hull — Dr. Birkbeck having about that time founded similar insti- 
 tutions in London, Glasgow, &c. ; — and having agreed amongst 
 themselves that Hull ought to have the advantage of one of those 
 admirable institutes, they waited upon the Rev. J. H. Bromby, Dr. 
 John Alderson, and the Rev. George Lee, and induced those gentle- 
 men to take the initiative in the movement. At a meeting, soon 
 after held in the Vicar's School, it was resolved that the Hull 
 Mechanics' Institute should be founded, " for the instruction of the 
 members at a cheap rate, in the principles of their respective arts, 
 and in the various branches of science and useful knowledge." The 
 institute was inaugurated on the evening of the 1st of June, in the 
 same year (1825), when the inaugural address was given in the 
 Exchange Room, by the President, Dr. Alderson. Several meetings 
 were afterwards held in the Vicar's School, but the members becom- 
 ing numerous, three rooms were taken in Parliament-street, for the 
 meetings of the body, and their lectures were delivered in the 
 National School, Sallhouse-lane, and the Minor Theatre which 
 then stood in Wellington-street. After some time the new society 
 became important and rich (Daniel Sykes, Esq., J. Crosse, Esq., 
 and most of the gentleman of the town and neighbourhood, who 
 were in any way distinguished for literary or scientific qualities, 
 having become members or patrons of it), and purchased the large 
 house in Salthouse-lane, now the Sailors' Home. They never entered 
 this house, for they availed themselves of an opportunity which
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-tJPON-IIULL. 501 
 
 immediately presented itself, of disposing of it to the Governor and 
 Company of the Bank of England, at a profit of £500. The Com- 
 mittee then purchased a piece of ground in Charlotte-street, and 
 erected thereon, at a cost of nearly £2,000., a very suitable building 
 for the purposes of their institute. Dr. Alderson laid the foundation 
 stone of that edifice in the year 1829 (a little before that gentle- 
 man's death); and the place was formally opened with a public 
 meeting, on the 20th of April, 1830— Daniel Sykes, Esq., M.P., 
 the then President, occupying the chair. A few years later this 
 elegant and commodious building was found to be too small for the 
 institute, so the premises were sold to Messrs. Forster and An- 
 drews, organ builders, and the Committee purchased the house, 
 No. 2, George-street, which had been built by and was the resi- 
 dence of J. Staniforth, Esq., M.P (See p. 249), and afterwards 
 sold, first to Mr. Alderman Hall, and then to the Broadley family. 
 H. Broadley, Esq., M.P., sold it to the Mechanics. Having taken 
 possession of this house, they immediately commenced the erection 
 of a large saloon or lecture hall, in the garden at the rear of it. 
 The first stone of this was laid by Dr. James Alderson (son of the 
 late Dr. John Alderson), and in the autumn of 1842 the hall was 
 opened with a tea party, public meeting, concert and ball. Three 
 days after this, the first lecture was delivered in the saloon by the 
 Rev. J. H. Bromby on " The Plight Hand." Here it may be ob- 
 served that Mr. Bromby, for many years before his great age began 
 to tell upon him, was an active friend and member of this institu- 
 tion. He has been President of it, and several of the lectures 
 which he delivered to the members have been printed. 
 
 Besides the saloon (which is connected with the main building 
 by a short covered passage) there is on the ground floor a smaller 
 lecture-room, formed by the union of two good sized apartments. 
 A good stone staircase leads to the first floor, which contains the 
 Library, News Room, and Reading Room.* The floor above this 
 
 * The Corporation of Hull have deposited in the Institute, for the free henefit of 
 the public, more than 30,000 specifications of patents, presented by Government to 
 the Corporation ; and all the new specifications of patents are every week added to 
 the Library. Several large volumes, containing specifications of American patents, 
 are deposited with these, and can he also referred to by the public free of any charge.
 
 502 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 contains a Museum and a Model Room. The Library and reading 
 rooms are open daily ; the Library consists of about 6,200 vol- 
 umes ; the Museum contains a number of valuable curiosities, 
 including an excellent collection of birds, especially of eagles. In 
 the Model room is a good collection of casts and models for the use 
 of drawing classes ; and the lectures of the institute are delivered 
 weekly during the winter months. The saloon will seat about 1,200 
 persons. Interiorly it is ornamented with fluted pilasters, having 
 Corinthian caps, supporting a good frieze. The ceiling contains 
 four large flat lights, and there is a gallery at one end. On the 
 walls are a large and splendid painting, by Briggs, R.A., represen- 
 ting the Romans teaching the Ancient Britons the Fine Arts, which 
 was presented to the Institute by John Vincent Thompson, Esq., 
 F.S.A. (brother to Major-General Thompson, formerly M.P. for Hull, 
 and son-in-law to the late Dr. Alderson) in 1832 ; a good painting 
 of Margaret Roper purchasing the head of her father (Sir Thomas 
 More) from the executioner; and a large cartoon representing 
 several persons studying the mechanical arts. In the hall are two 
 fine statues of Dr. Alderson and D. Sykes, Esq., which were first 
 erected in the building in Charlotte-street. The former, which is by 
 Earle, was purchased in 1831, by subscription among the members, 
 and is a beautiful work of art, in Roche Abbey stone. The height 
 of the figure is six feet, and that of the circular fluted pedestal upon 
 which it stands, five feet. A brass tablet attached to the pedestal 
 is thus inscribed : — 
 
 " This statue has heen placed here hy the Memhers of the Mechanics' Institute, as 
 a testimonial of the affection with which they cherish the remembrance of their first 
 President, their strenuous advocate and bountiful benefactor, John Aldeeson, Esq., 
 M.D., toward whom their feelings of gratitude and respect will be coeval with their 
 lives. Dr. Alderson practised as a physician in Hull upwards of forty years, with 
 ability, industry, and success never exceeded; was universally esteemed; an honour 
 and ornament to his profession ; and has left behind him a reputation of professional 
 skill and moral worth, of which his most intimate as well as more distant connexions 
 have reason to be proud. He was senior physician of the Hull General Infirmary for 
 a long period before his death. As a man and a gentleman, a member of society, his 
 career was marked by all the features which distinguish the advocate of virtue and 
 the well being of the human race. Humane and benevolent without distinction of 
 sect or party, he was active in promoting every project which promised general good, 
 whether it assumed the shape of scientific and literary association or societies for the 
 prevention and relief of distress. He laid the first stone of this building and of the 
 subscription library. He was President of the Literary and Philosophical Society, of
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 503 
 
 •which he was one of the founders and an indefatigable patron. He died ICth Sept., 
 1829, aged 72 years, and was buried in the family vault at Sculcoates, to which place 
 his remains were followed by a long train of friends and acquaintance, and an im- 
 mense multitude of all ranks, to whom he had endeared himself by a life devoted to 
 the service of his fellow creatures." 
 
 Dr. Alderson was not a native of Hull. He came to this town 
 with the military, and, liking the place, settled down in it. The 
 late Mr. Justice Alderson, of the Common Pleas, was his nephew. 
 Dr. Alderson's son (Dr. James Alderson) succeeded to his father's 
 practice in Hull, but afterwards removed to London. The statue 
 of Mr. Sykes is by Loft; it was erected by subscription, and was 
 opened on the 81st of October, 1833. It is about seven feet in 
 height, of choice Italian marble, with a pedestal of Roche Abbey 
 stone, and cost about £300. The following is the inscription : — 
 
 " This statue was placed on this pedestal to perpetuate the remembrance of Daniel 
 Sykes, Esquire, M.P., one of the earliest, most zealous, and most bountiful patrons 
 of this Mechanics' Institute. He was the fourth son of Joseph Sykes, Esquire, of 
 West Ella, near Hull, an eminent merchant, and was educated for the Bar, at which 
 he practised for a considerable time with great credit to himself and satisfaction to 
 his clients. During many years he filled the office of Becorder to this borough, pre- 
 siding in the Court of Sessions with dignity, and dispensing justice with unimpeached 
 impartiality, and the strictest regard to mercy. He represented in two successive 
 Parliaments his native town, to the welfare of which he devoted his time and talents, 
 to the great injury of his health ; and was invited a third time, when he declined, the 
 duties of the office being greater than he could discharge with ' satisfaction to himself.' 
 He was returned member for the town of Beverley, situated about nine miles north- 
 west of Hull, in the county of York. He was a gentleman truly deserving of the re- 
 spect and esteem of his fellow creatures— a patriot in every sense of the word— and, as 
 a citizen of the world, losing no opportunity of improving the condition of his fellow 
 creatures and promoting their happiness. In all his domestic relations, his conduct 
 was exemplary. Possessed of an ample fortune, his name was recorded as the en- 
 courager of all institutions, whether scientific or literary, within the sphere of his con- 
 nexions, which were wide. To the poor he was a never failing benefactor and friendly 
 adviser. His patronage of the Mechanics' Institute is enrolled in its records, and 
 gives him a claim to the gratitude of its members, which will be communicated from 
 generation to generation. He was born on the first of the ides of November, A.D. 
 1706. He died on the ninth of the calends of February, 1832, aged sixty-six years." 
 
 Here are likewise a very beautiful bust of the Queen, presented 
 by J. V. Thompson, Esq., and one of himself; busts of Wellington 
 and Nelson, presented by C. Lutwidge, Esq. ; and one by Keyworth, 
 of the Rev. George Lee, purchased by subscription. 
 
 During the festival week in September, 1834 (See p. 378), a Ba- 
 zaar in aid of this institute was held, Mrs. Vincent Thompson, 
 the Hon. Mrs. Beilby Thompson, Mrs. D. Sykes, and several other
 
 504 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 ladies taking an active part in it. The nett proceeds amounted 
 to £141. On the 12th of September, 1842, a splendid Exhibition 
 of paintings, statuary, working models of machinery, specimens of 
 natural history, and many hundreds of curiosities, was opened in 
 the saloon and premises of the institute, and was attended with 
 great success. In January, 1845, a grand Literary Soiree was held 
 here, and was attended by the M.P.'s for the borough, the Mayor, 
 the Recorder, and a great number of the clergy and gentry of the 
 town and district. The chair was taken by Dr. James Alderson, 
 President of the institution. In the September of the same year a 
 grand Polytechnic Exhibition took place. The finest and most valu- 
 able collection of paintings and sculpture ever brought together in 
 Hull, was then within these walls ; and there was also a good collec- 
 tion of engravings, drawings, machinery, philosophical apparatus, 
 curiosities, antiquities, &c. This remained open three months. 
 
 The 26th annual meeting of the Yorkshire Union of Mechanics' 
 Institutes was held here on the 27th of May, 1863, under the pre- 
 sidency of Edward Baines, Esq., M.P. On the morning of that day 
 a breakfast was provided for the delegates from the various insti- 
 tutes ; after which they met in the saloon for the transaction of the 
 general business of the Union. In the afternoon a cold dinner took 
 place in the same room, Mr. Alderman Bannister (President of the 
 Hull Institute) in the chair, after the cloth was removed ; and in 
 the evening a soiree was held, under the presidency of James Clay, 
 Esq., M.P. Next day the delegates and many others made an ex- 
 cursion by water to Spurn Point. 
 
 At present the number of members of the Hull Mechanics' In- 
 stitute is about 670. The President is Mr. Alderman Fountain ; 
 the Vice-Presidents are Mr. Alderman Bannister and Mr. Oliver 
 Lyndall ; Hon. Secretaries, Messrs. J. Woodall Mayfield and Henry 
 H. Whiteside; Sub-Secretary and Librarian, Mr. James Young. 
 
 Of the four originators of the institute, but one, Mr. J. Oldham, 
 C.E., survives. This very month (Feb. 1864) Mr. Bishop Barnby 
 died suddenly, and much regretted. A few months before, Mr. 
 John Earle, one of the earliest members of the society, paid the 
 common debt of nature. 
 
 Previous to the foundation of the Mechanics' Institute, a debating
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 505 
 
 club, called " The Athenaum" was held for some years in the Ma- 
 sonic Hall, My ton-gate. 
 
 Hull Lyceum Library and Reading Room, St. John's-street. — 
 This was founded in 1807, and its first location was Parliament- 
 street. The present edifice, which adjoins the Dispensary, was 
 erected in 1835. It has a neat cemented front, with a pediment, 
 and interiorly it is of the horse-shoe shape. The second story is 
 formed by a gallery all round, by means of which the upper book- 
 cases are reached. The library now contains above 10,750 volumes. 
 Above the mantel-piece is a fine oil painting of the late J. Henwood, 
 Esq. (by G. P. Green), who was upwards of 40 years President of 
 this institute. This portrait was placed here in 1851, by subscrip- 
 tion. The present number of subscribers is 350 ; Mr. James Baynes 
 is now the President; and the Librarian is Mr. Ptobert Lister.* 
 
 Hull Law Library, Parliament-street. — This collection of law 
 books (about 2,000 vols.), one of the best in the provinces, is the 
 property of the Hull Law Society. Mr. John Charlesworth is the 
 Librarian. 
 
 Hull Church Institute, Osborne-street. — This body was instituted 
 in 1845, under the title of " The Church of England Keligious and 
 Literary Society;" but in 1858 it assumed its present name. Up 
 to about six years ago the members held their meetings in St. 
 James's School, Porter-street, but since that period, by the permis- 
 sion of the Rev. H. W. Kemp, they have met in St. John's Infant 
 School, Osborne-street. In the beginning of the present year (1864) 
 the Committee purchased (and paid for) about 1,570 square yards 
 of land in Wright-street (at a cost of about £750.), on which a new 
 institute is about to be erected, at an expense of about £3,000. 
 Last Christmas a fancy bazaar was held in aid of the building fund, 
 which yielded about £000. The new edifice will be commodious 
 
 * We have met with volumes of the following serials, which were published in 
 Hull: — The Inspector, & periodical in prose and verse, chiefly extracted from the 
 " Hull Advertiser." Isaac Wilson, 1829. The Kingston Literary Wreath, a quarterly 
 magazine. M. C. Peck, 1838-9. The Hull Literary and Philosophical Miscellany, a 
 monthly magazine, which was commenced in October, 1844, and continued to exist 
 but for a few months. It consisted of tales, poems, &c, and the substance of papers 
 read before the Hull Literary and Philosophical Society. The publishers were S. 
 Dibb and Co., Myton-gale. The Hull Quarterly Magazine, K. Brown and Eichard 
 T. Cussons, 1840. 
 
 3 T
 
 506 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 and ornamental ; Gothic in style, of the Early Decorated period ; 
 and the walls will be of white brick, with cut stone dressings. The 
 building will present two gables to the street, two stories in height, 
 and these gables will contain a large five-light window, two four- 
 light ones, and four three-light windows — all with good tracery. 
 There will be a porched entrance between the gables, and another 
 entrance at the west side of the structure. The interior will contain 
 a large Lecture and Music Hall, a Weekly Lecture Hall, a Library, 
 a large News and Reading Room, Coffee, Chess, and Committee 
 Rooms, and several Class Rooms, &c. Mr. William Kerby is the 
 architect, and it is expected the building will be opened in 1865. 
 
 This institute " is designed to provide a centre of union for 
 Churchmen, to aid in the advancement of the principles of the 
 Church of England, and to promote the study of literature and sci- 
 ence among its members in subordination to religion," and the 
 means devised for the attainment of these objects are those of a 
 news and reading room, library, debating society, public lectures, 
 weekly meetings for mutual improvement, classes for systematic 
 courses of study and reading, and certain means of recreation and 
 amusement. The library contains about 3,000 volumes, and at 
 present the society consists of 622 members of every description. 
 The patrons are the Archbishop of Canterbury and York, and there 
 are several Vice-Patrons; Dr. J. P. Bell is the President; George 
 Gale, Esq., is the Treasurer; the Hon. Secretaries are Messrs. W. 
 G. Saner, A. K. Rollit, and Henry J. Miller; and Mr. M. G. Tad- 
 man is the Honorary Librarian. 
 
 Young Peoples Christian and Literary Institute, 2, Charlotte- 
 street. — This society is similar to that of the Church Institute, ex- 
 cept that members of every Christian denomination may become 
 members of it. It was founded in January, 1860, and up to the 
 present time (March, 1864) has been located at No. 36, George- 
 street ; but the Committee have just completed the purchase of the 
 fine mansion in Charlotte-street, which was a few years ago the 
 residence of Robert Harrison, Esq., banker; and in a month or two 
 the society will have taken possession of it. The cost of this house 
 and premises was £1,775. ; but the necessary additional outlay in 
 fitting it up and altering portions of it to suit the purposes of the
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UPON-HULL. 507 
 
 institute, will swell this sum to at least £2,000. This house will 
 afford excellent accommodation for the Library, Reading and News 
 Room, Chess, Coffee, Committee, and Class Rooms ; and it is in- 
 tended to erect a Lecture Hall in the garden at the back of the 
 house, that will contain about 2,000 persons. There is a Cricket 
 Club in connexion with the institution. The number of books at 
 present in the Library is 889. The lectures of the society, like 
 those of the Hull Institute, are now delivered in the Royal Institu- 
 tion, or the Public Rooms. The following are the chief officers for 
 the present year : — President, T. Holmes, Esq. (there are twenty 
 Vice-Presidents) ; Treasurer, Mr. H. M. Ellis ; Secretaries, Messrs. 
 George Raven and M. H. Hargreaves. Librarian, Mr. J. Yates. 
 
 Hull School of Art. — Public Rooms, Jarratt-street. — In Sep- 
 tember, 1860, the Science and Art department of the Privy Council 
 issued circular letters to the heads of educational establishments, 
 and to the large employers of artisan workmen, in towns where no 
 schools of art existed. The object of these letters was to explain 
 the nature and necessity of such institutions, and to show to what 
 amount committees, wishing to establish such, would be assisted by 
 Government. Some time rolled over, and no one took the initiative ; 
 the favourable opportunity seemed about to be lost, and the youth 
 of the third port in the kingdom deprived of a privilege it was the 
 duty of their employers to secure for them. No other tangible plan 
 then seemed open but personally waiting on gentlemen likely from 
 their pursuits or tastes, to forward such a movement. This course 
 was successfully pursued, and in January, 1861, a public meeting 
 was held in St. Paul's school room, and was attended by about 200 
 working men. The nature and advantages of the institution having 
 been explained, a committee was appointed to solicit subscriptions, 
 &c, and Mr. G. H. Lovell, one of the chief promoters of it, was 
 appointed Secretary. At the third committee meeting Mr. Bethel 
 Jacobs consented to become Treasurer and Chairman, and since 
 that day he has been the bulwark of the movement. Subscriptions 
 amounting to £160. having been collected, the school was opened 
 in September, 1861, under favourable auspices — the Art Master, 
 Mr. W. E. Pozzi, being appointed by the Science and Art Depart- 
 ment. In the spring of 1862 was held a Fine Art Exhibition,
 
 508 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 which was in six weeks visited by more than 31,000 persons, thus 
 silencing at once those who maintained that there was neither ne- 
 cessity for a school of art, nor a taste for art productions among the 
 people of Hull. Early in 1863 was held the first public examina- 
 tion of the works executed by the students, the same being con- 
 ducted by G. Wilde, Esq., H.M. Art Inspector of schools connected 
 with the department; and soon after this, the first distribution of 
 prizes to the students took place in the school. Considering that 
 the institution had been afoot but little more than a year, and that 
 all those who received prizes had little or no knowledge of art when 
 they first entered the school, the number of the recipients was 
 astonishing. The Mayor (W. H. Moss, Esq.) was present at this 
 prize meeting, and very warmly eulogised all concerned in the work- 
 ing of the interesting school. The prizes were chiefly medals. 
 
 In February, 1864, the Government Inspector found the pupils 
 making satisfactory progress, but the result of the competition will 
 not be known before this page is printed. On the 8th of the same 
 month the second exhibition of first class pictures and works of or- 
 namental art was opened, in connexion with the Hull School of Art, 
 and that show, whilst we write, is running its successful course. 
 The collection is a most interesting one. 
 
 Thus is this interesting institution now on something like a per- 
 manent footing ; but, to arrive at this " consummation so devoutly 
 to be wished," Mr. Lovell has had plenty of uphill work. Yet he 
 determined that his efforts should not fail of insuring success; and 
 so far he has achieved his purpose.* 
 
 The worshipful the Mayor is the President of the Hull School of 
 Art ; the Hon. Committee includes the Lords Londesborough and 
 Hotham, the M.P.'s and Kecorder of the borough, the Sheriff, &c. ; 
 Mr. B. Jacobs continues to be Chairman of the Executive Com- 
 mittee. The School and the Art Gallery are the rooms formerly 
 occupied by the Literary and Philosophical Society (See p. 491). 
 
 * In the year 1862, a testimonial consisting of a gold watch and chain was pre- 
 sented to Mr. Lovell, at a supper which took place at the George Hotel. The pre- 
 sentation was made hy Mr. Bethel Jacobs, and the watch bears this inscription : — 
 " Presented to Mr. G. H. Lovell by the members of the Committee and Pupils of the 
 Hull School of Art, in acknowledgment of his valuable services as Honorary Secre- 
 tary. November, 1862."
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 509 
 
 Hull Micro-PhilosopJiical Society. — The nucleus of this Society 
 was formed at a private residence about six years ago, but owing to 
 the numerical increase of its members, and a growing interest in 
 its objects and utility, its meetings have since been held in one of 
 the rooms of the Royal Institution. The number of members at 
 present is 32, most of whom possess instruments and lenses of su- 
 perior make.* The meetings are held bi-monthly, when papers are 
 read, with discussions thereupon. The President of the Society, 
 George Norman, Esq., is well known to the microscopical world 
 through his published labours in the field of Diatomaceae ; by whom 
 also a comprehensive " List " of the species and locality of deposit 
 of these interesting microscopical objects, numbering upwards of 
 400, gathered from the various ponds, ditches, lagoons, salt and 
 fresh water streams, &c, occurring at or about the neighbourhood 
 of Hull, was published in 1859. This pamphlet betrays an evi- 
 dence of indefatigable zeal, patience, and acquirement. 
 
 In reference to the above minute organic forms, William Hendry, 
 Esq., M.R.C.S., Hon. Secretary to the Society, and the author of 
 several excellent papers relating to the microscope, appropriately re- 
 marks (Microscopical Journal), "It is hardly possible to avoid con- 
 templating for what purpose the supreme architect of nature builds 
 up such inconceivably minute structures, existing in such vast abun- 
 dance, so widely diffused, and with such superb embroidery, and yet 
 to be almost beyond human gaze, even with all the resources and 
 appliances of modern art at command." 
 
 Several interesting papers, emanating^rom the different members 
 of the society, have appeared from time to time in the metropolitan 
 scientific journals. 
 
 The Hull Microscopic Society is another body of gentlemen, who 
 
 * There is a fact connected with the good old town of Hull which deserves to be 
 put to its credit. It is the opinion of several eminent microscopists that the present 
 high position held by English opticians, with regard to the superior excellence of 
 English objectives over those of foreign make, had its origin in this town. For- 
 merly we had to go to Chevallier, of Paris, to procure our best microscopic lenses ; 
 but through the labours of Messrs. Harrison and Sollitt on the striae of Diatoms, the 
 London opticians directed their attention to the construction of leases of wide aper- 
 ture, and hence their superior performance. Mr. Barnard Cooke, optician, of Hull, 
 has been successful in his attention to the same subject.
 
 510 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 follow the same pursuit, and who are an older society than that 
 noticed ; but they assemble at each other's residences, and are more 
 or less a private body. 
 
 Corn Exchange, High-street. — The corn business of Hull was tran- 
 sacted for a long time in a confined space behind the houses at the 
 corner of the North Church-side and the Market-place. The Corpora- 
 tion then ordered the corn market to be held at the south end of the 
 Butchers' Shambles, adjoining Black Friar-gate; and subsequently 
 the square space in the market, opposite the Butchers' Arms inn, 
 was purchased by the Corporation, and fitted up as a corn market. 
 In this " cribbed, cabined, and confined " spot the corn merchants 
 and farmers attending the Hull market, were compelled to carry on 
 the operations of their important trade, until the beginning of the 
 year 1856, when they were emancipated from that close ill-ventilated 
 spot, and took possession of a magnificent hall, where, with comfort, 
 pride, and pleasure, they may buy and sell. 
 
 In 1855 the Corporation purchased the old Custom House, and 
 on its site they erected the present beautiful edifice. The founda- 
 tion stone was laid by Mr. Alderman Thompson, Chairman of the 
 Corporation's Property Committee, on the 2nd of May in the above 
 year; and on Tuesday, the 8th of January, 185G the stately edifice 
 was inaugurated by a great public dinner. High-street very rarely 
 witnessed such a gathering as the one assembled here on this occa- 
 sion — including a number of the merchants of Hull, gentlemen of 
 the county, and the agriculturists of East Yorkshire and North 
 Lincolnshire. Lord Worsley, and the parliamentary representa- 
 tives of Hull and the East Biding were also present. On the Tues- 
 day following the great hall was opened for business by the Corpora- 
 tion, who declared that on and after that day the open Corn and 
 Seed Markets in the borough should be held in High-street, between 
 Chapel-lane and Bishop-lane, and in the open space at the east end 
 of the new Corn Exchange. 
 
 The building consists of a striking and elaborate cut stone front, 
 GO feet high, in two stories, with a beautifully arched entrance, 
 supported by Corinthian columns, and an entablature on each side. 
 The whole is surmounted by an attic, with ornamental balustrades, 
 the centre being occupied by the arms of the Corporation, with vases
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 511 
 
 on each side. It recedes about two yards from, and the floor is 
 elevated three feet above the level of the street. This portion of 
 the edifice contains several offices. The grand entrance is 12 feet 
 wide, with massive gates, of elegant design, and admirably covered 
 with copper bronze. The great hall is very striking in appear- 
 ance. Its length is 15 7f feet, its width is 30 feet, and up to its 
 highest point it measures 36 feet. The spacious apartment is 
 covered with seventeen semi-circular laminated trusses, supported 
 on carved corbels, fixed in the centre of pilasters on each side of 
 the room, the spandrils being filled in with cast iron work. The 
 roof is covered with rough plate glass, with the exception of the 
 portions of ornamental perforated plaster work by which the build- 
 ing is ventilated. The whole floor of the hall is entirely clear and 
 free from any incumbrance in the shape of columns and supports. 
 There are 36 brackets fixed around the walls. There is a spacious 
 inn at the eastern extremity of the hall and in connexion with it, 
 called the Corn Exchange Hotel. Its landlord is Mr. John Matthew 
 Hall. The river front of the hotel is of wood, raised on piles; and 
 here the river is crossed by ferry boats to the Garrison-side. The 
 cost of the erection of the Exchange and Hotel was about £5,500. 
 Messrs. Bellamy and Hardy, of Lincoln, were the architects ; and 
 Mr. B. Musgrave, of Hull, was the builder. 
 
 Merchants' Exchange and News Room. — In 1585 the upper story 
 of the Grammar School was finished as a Commercial Exchange 
 and Assembly Room (See p. 446). In 1619 the merchants of Hull 
 began to erect an Exchange in High-street, on the very site now 
 occupied by the Corn Exchange, and the building was completed 
 in 1621. A portion of the cost of this edifice was defrayed by the 
 King, on condition that his officers of the customs should occupy 
 certain rooms in it for the purpose of a Custom House, on a lease of 
 50 years, at a rent of £2. per ami. We really cannot understand 
 Ray, when he tells us that in 1661 the merchants still used the 
 rooms over the Grammar School (See p. 135). The High-street 
 building appears to have been abandoned by the merchants about 
 the year 1780, and it became entirely occupied by the Custom House 
 authorities until 1855, when it was purchased for the purpose of 
 erecting the Corn Exchange on its site.
 
 512 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 The present Exchange, in Exchange-alley, Low.gate, was origi- 
 nated in 1794, by Mr. W. Bell (See p. 249), and in 1820 the build- 
 ing was greatly improved and ornamented. The Exchange Room 
 is coloured in imitation of stone, and two Doric pillars divide it into 
 two walks. Above this is the News Boom. The building is three 
 stories in height, and is entered by a porticoed doorway. 
 
 In 1845 an "Exchange and Commercial Building Company" 
 was formed for the purpose of erecting " a Commercial Exchange 
 and News Room commensurate with the magnitude, wealth, and 
 increasing trade of the town and port of Hull." It was proposed 
 that the edifice to be raised should be suitable to the " requirements 
 and creditable to the public spirit " of the inhabitants of the town ; 
 and that such rooms should be added " to the Commercial Exchange 
 as may be deemed necessary for general public purposes." This 
 project fell through then. On the 4th of December, 1862, a public 
 meeting of the subscribers to the Exchange was held, to consider 
 what steps should be taken with the view to the establishing an 
 Exchange worthy of the port. Subsequently " The Hull Exchange 
 Company (limited) " was formed. Thos. W. Flint, Esq., is Chair- 
 man of the Directors. The capital of the new Company was fixed 
 at £10,000., divided into 1,000 shares of £10. each. They have 
 purchased a most eligible site in Low-gate, on which they are about 
 to erect suitable buildings, at a cost of about £6,000. The Ex- 
 change and News Room will form one apartment, not less than 70 
 feet by 40 feet, and the principal entrance to it is to be at the corner 
 of Low-gate and Bowlalley-lane. The fronts of the building in Low- 
 gate and Bowlalley-lane will be occupied as places of business ; and 
 rooms over the entrance of the Exchange will be provided for the 
 purposes of the Chamber of Commerce. The building will likewise 
 contain Committee Rooms, &c* 
 
 * Trade Guilds. — There were anciently in Hull, as in most towns of importance, 
 several Guilds or Companies of merchants, embodied for the protection of their 
 various trades. We find incidental notices of the " Merchant Adventurers ; " the " So- 
 ciety of Merchants ; " a guild of merchants called after the name of St. George, that 
 was incorporated by the charter of Henry VIII., in 1524 (See p. 63) ; the " Fellowship 
 of Merchants," established by letters patent, in 1577 (See p. 84) ; and the " Merchant 
 Tailors," whose Hall (once the property of the religious Guild of St. John the Baptist) 
 stood near to the south-east corner of St. Mary's Churchyard. In the " Orders, Grauntes, 
 and Privileges" of the guild, the latter are not described as "Merchant" Taylors,
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 513 
 
 The Hull Chamber of Commerce and Shipping is an important 
 institution, established in 1837. It is a member of the Associated 
 Chambers of the kingdom, and has been admitted into the union of 
 the Society of Arts. The object of the several " chambers " is to 
 watch over the varied mercantile interests of the country, and this 
 is effected by pressing their views on the Government — by depu- 
 tations and otherwise — in all matters relating to the amendment of 
 our commercial laws ; by watching the progress of bills in parlia- 
 ment calculated to affect trade, commerce, and shipping ; by providing 
 opportunities for the discussion of local as well as general grievan- 
 ces ; by affording a suitable channel for applications to the different 
 Government Boards ; and generally by taking cognizance of all 
 things affecting trade and commerce. The successful efforts for 
 the repeal of Stade and the Scheldt Dues, were materially assisted 
 by the Hull Chamber of Commerce (See p. 286). The Hull Cham- 
 ber now consists of 105 subscribing members, and 21 consuls and 
 vice-consuls, who are members ex-officio. This body embraces the 
 
 but as the "" Guild or Fraternitie of Tailors." The deed or " composition *' in which 
 these orders are set forth, is dated 1G17, and was signed and sealed by 300 members. 
 Hadley mentions the Orders for the regulation of their trade, from the year 1590 to 
 1099. From the composition of 1617 (now in the possession of the Hull Corpora- 
 tion) it appears that the guild was composed of sisters as well as brethren ; and the 
 members of the guild (male members only we presume) are described as "bur- 
 gesses." In those days tailors made dresses for both sexes. The fraternity of St. 
 John was dissolved in the reign of Edward VI. ; and their guild-house or hall came 
 into the possession of one Thurcross, who gave it to the Tailors' Company. The 
 front of the building exhibited a carved coat of arms, above which was inscribed. 
 " This is Thorcross Armes; " and below it were the initials " J. H. T ," but there was 
 no date. In 1863 what remained of the old hall was removed. A tankard which 
 formerly belonged to the Merchant Taylors is now the property of the Trinity House, 
 by presentation of Mr. George Hall, one of the Elder Brethren of that Corporation. 
 The Company of Coopers appears to have been the last of these trading companies 
 which survived in Hull. This guild had a hall in Hailes-entry, High-street, and over 
 the doorway were the arms of the King and the Coopers ; the motto, " Fear God, 
 honour the King, and love the Brethren," was above the arms ; below them were the 
 words " Richard Hudson, Warden, 1714." This guild (as indeed did most of the frater- 
 nities) made annual processions, exhibiting their plate, which was of considerable 
 value. Mr. Voase, late of the High-street (See p. 305), was the last member of this 
 fraternity, and it is supposed that he transferred the property of the Coopers' Guild 
 to the Hull Corporation. The trade guilds were most arbitrary in their laws, for no 
 person could exercise their calling in the town without being free of the society, com- 
 pany, or guild, to which his particular trade belonged. 
 
 3 U
 
 514 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 principal merchants, &c, in the town. The president is Henry J. 
 Atkinson, Esq. ; and Mr. Patrick Bruce is the Secretary. 
 
 Post Office, Whitefriar-gate. — Previous to the year 1831 this 
 branch of Government business was transacted in a house situated 
 in a narrow place called Post Office-yard, in Bishop-lane. The 
 opening of the old letter box may still be traced in the small bow- 
 window facing the entrance to the yard. In June of the above year 
 the business of the Post Office was removed from this obscure and 
 inconvenient spot to the house at the end of the Land of Green 
 Ginger, now in the occupation of Mr. Tesseyman, currier. The 
 present commodious Post Office, which was erected by the Cor- 
 poration of the Trinity House, on the site of some livery stables, 
 was opened on the 24th of June, 1843, and the building was enlarged 
 in 1847. The following statistics, whilst they shew the progressive 
 increase of the Post Office business, also tend to elucidate, to a 
 considerable extent, the growing importance of the town of Hull, 
 more especially in a commercial point of view. 
 
 The old postage rates ceased on the idh 0/ Dec, 1839; the fourpenny rate fox half ounce 
 letters commenced on the following day, and ceased on January 9th, 1840. The Penny 
 Postage commenced on. the next day, \Qth January, 1840. Stamps were first used Glh 
 May, 1840. 
 
 Circulation Branch. — During the year 1839, under the old postage rates, the number 
 of letters received at the Hull office, for the town and its subordinate offices, averaged 
 about 7,100 per week. After the penny postage system had been in operation about2J 
 years, the weekly number had risen to above 23,700 ; in the middle of the year 1853 to 
 above 58,300 ; and at the same period of the year 1863, to about 79,200. The number 
 of letters received during the year 1863 was 3,991,780; and the number of book packets 
 was 230,958. No return is kept of the number of letters, &c, posted at Hull for other 
 places, but it is calculated that in number they about equal those received. 
 
 Formerly the present Bell-man of the borough (W. Levitt) was accustomed to bring 
 the whole of the bags coming from London and the south to the post-office from 
 South-end. Now the mail bags from the same quarter are conveyed by a horse and 
 cart; and it sometimes happens that the cart is unequal to the task of removing the 
 bags from the Railway Station. 
 
 Money Order Branch. — In April, 1834, the Money Order business was commenced as 
 the private speculation of Messrs. Stow and Watts, post-office officials. During the 
 first month the number of orders issued at the Hull Tost Office was 33, amounting 
 to ;£53. 19s. Id. ; and 38 orders, amounting to £78. 12s. Id. were paid. In the last 
 month (Nov., 1838) in which the office was in private hands, although it had then 
 been in existence for nearly four years, only 50 orders, of the value of .£64. 9s. 9d., 
 were issued ; and 59 orders, amounting to ,£88. 13s. 4d. were discharged. In the first 
 month in which it was conducted by the Government (Dec, 1838) chiefly no doubt 
 from the reduction in the rates of commission, and from the increased facilities 
 offered, the number of orders issued increased to 100, of the aggregate value of
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 515 
 
 £169. 9s. 9d.; and 111 orders were paid, amounting to ,£190. 10s. .Id. In the month of 
 December, 1803, the number issued had risen from 100, in Dec, 1838, to 4,030, 
 and the amount to £9,113. 17s. 6d.; while the orders paid had increased from 111 to 
 5,530, representing £'12,409. lis. 7d. The numbers would have been larger by per 
 cent, had not the Government commenced, in 1802, to issue single orders for sums up 
 to £10., whereas the former limit was £5. The great excess of payments over receipts 
 is chiefly caused by the extensive trade in fish and fruit earned on with inland towns 
 through the port of Hull. The importance to these trades of the facilities offered by 
 the Money Order Office, for the transmission of small sums, is evident from the fact 
 that in the height of the respective seasons, as much as £400. is frequently paid in 
 one day to the fish or fruit salesmen alone. 
 
 Post Office Savings' Bank Branch. — The Savings' Bank business recently engrafted 
 on the post-office, is steadily progressing. The Hull branch was opened Dec. 16, 
 1861. The number of deposits in it for the year ending Nov., 1863, was 2,379 ; 
 and the withdrawals 545. In the month of January, 1864, the deposits amounted to 
 £1,404. 2s. 1 Id. The total number of depositors at the end of 1863 was above 1,000. 
 Interest at the rate of £2. 10s. per cent, is given on the money deposited ; and the 
 depositors have direct Government security for the prompt repayment of their money. 
 
 When the Hull post-office was located in Bishop-lane, the estab- 
 lishment consisted of the Post Master and two assistants. The chief 
 office establishment at present consists of a Post Master, Chief Clerk, 
 14 Clerks, and 29 letter carriers and stampers. There are now 
 in the town 5 receiving-houses, and 11 pillar and wall boxes. A 
 Money-Order Office was established at the Beverley-road receiving- 
 house in January, 1864; and in the March following a Post Office 
 Savings' Bank was opened there. There are, subject to the control 
 of the Post Master of Hull, 48 sub post masters and letter re- 
 ceivers, and 36 rural messengers and letter carriers at sub-offices. 
 The jurisdiction of the Post Master extends to Flamborough on 
 the north (including the whole of Holderness) and to New Holland 
 and Barton on the south. 
 
 The late Post Master (Mr. R. Mosey), who was highly esteemed 
 for his zeal and untiriug assiduity, entered the service in 1819; 
 and in 1841 he became Post Master. The present Post Master 
 (Mr. Samuel Walliker) received his appointment in November, 1863, 
 having been then in the service 22 years.* Mr. Robert Grime, the 
 Chief Clerk at Hull has been in the service about twenty years. 
 
 * The author of this History of Hull conceives it to be his duty, as a faithful chron- 
 icler, to give the old town on the banks of the Humber credit for all the recognised 
 worth and merit of its inhabitants — more especially when those social virtues have 
 become so conspicuous as to meet with public recognition ; and he therefore places 
 Mr. Walliker, though but a " new comer," among the " Worthies " of, or at least
 
 516 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Custom House. The first Custom House iu Hull, of which we 
 have auy record, is the old one, the site of which is now occupied by 
 the Corn Exchange (See p. 510). Behind that building was the 
 great Weigh House, erected in 1389, in the reign of Richard II., 
 built on prodigious piles over the haven, for the weighing of lead, 
 wool, and other goods that came into the port. The present Cus- 
 tom House, in Whitefriar-gate (erected in 1796), was originally the 
 Neptune Inn, an hostelry once not inferior to any in the North of 
 England. It is a large red brick building, with stone quoins and 
 dressings, erected by the Corporation of Trinity House. The " long 
 room " (formerly the ball room) measures 52 feet by 24, and 22 feet 
 in height, and in it is transacted the general business of the Custom 
 House. This fine apartment has five circular headed windows 
 fronting the street — the centre one being taller than the others, 
 with a small light on either side of it. The ceiling is elegantly 
 decorated. The other parts of the house contain appropriate offices 
 
 connected with, the third port of the kingdom. The Civil Service Gazette of the 23rd 
 of January, ] 864, contains a leader on the removal of this gentleman to Hull, in which 
 his character and official antecedents are spoken of in terms of the highest praise. 
 
 " Special powers for government and administration ;" " a thoroughly comprehen- 
 sive knowledge of the requirements of official duty ;" " official zeal and energy person- 
 ified ;" a " clear mind and powerful will ;" and " rare energy," are amongst the many 
 excellent qualities which he receives credit for. The accounts of that large and most 
 important Department, the Money Order Office — which is now receiving and paying 
 in the three kingdoms over thirty millions annually — owing to the injurious exercise of 
 parliamentary influence in the appointment of its officers, had been for a long period 
 in a state of the most shameful and almost hopeless confusion ;" and the editor of 
 the above-named paper informs us that in the arduous undertaking of devising a new 
 system of keeping the accounts, as well as in arriving at " some proximate solution 
 of the actual liabilities under the old," the Department "was very largely, if not 
 mainly, indebted to the self-imposed efforts of Mr. Walliker." 
 
 Happily, however, the presentation in the Post Office, of all situations worth 
 above ±'100. a year, is no longer a question of political or private patronage; all such 
 offices are now thrown open to competition. Hence Hull at present possesses a 
 Government officer, who is described in the newspaper already quoted from as "one 
 of the ablest servants of the Post Office." 
 
 We read in the Civil Service Gazette of the 2nd of January (1864), that Mr. Walliker 
 held the rank of Lieutenant in the Civil Service Piegiment of Eifle Volunteers; and 
 that on his removal to Hull about one hundred members of his regiment entertained 
 him with a banquet at Eadley's Hotel, London. " They met (says the report) to do 
 honour to Lieutenant Walliker, the respected Quarter-master, and to present him 
 with a magnificent silver tea service, as a testimonial of their esteem and regard, upon 
 the occasion of his retirement from the corps." The presentation was made by the 
 Chairman, Lord Bury, the Lieut.-Colonel of the regiment, in very eulogistic terms.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UFON-HULL. 517 
 
 in every department, and there are extensive cellars or Crown 
 warehouses. There is a court yard in the centre. Some statistics 
 in the customs department will be found at page 285. The Collec- 
 tor of Customs is Mr. Daniel Colquhoun.* 
 
 The Inland Revenue and Tax Offices are situated in Junction- 
 place. Collector, Mr. Matthew Hargreaves. Supervisors, Messrs. 
 Thomas Fell and Henry Paul Prescott. Surveyors of Taxes, Messrs. 
 George T. Clayton and T. B. Smith. 
 
 The Stamp Office is in Parliament-street. Mr. William Crosskill 
 is the Distributor for Hull and the East Riding of Yorkshire. 
 
 Banks. — Branch Bank of England, Whitefriar-gate. — The busi- 
 ness of this bank was originally transacted in the house in Salthouse- 
 lane now occupied as a Sailors' Home (See p. 501). In 1859 the 
 present elegant cut stone building was erected on the site of the 
 front of the old Charity Hall (See p. 479). Mr. George Archer 
 Shee is the Agent. 
 
 Samuel Smith, Brothers, and Co.'s Bank, Whitefriar-gate. — This 
 building was erected in 1830, on a portion of the site of the cemetery 
 of the White Friary (See p. 353). In the pediment are sculptured 
 representations of " Sea and River Gods," larger than life, with 
 various emblems of " Commerce," by Earle. The Hull banking 
 firm of Smith, Brothers, and Co., originated in Wilberforce House, 
 High-street (See p. 305). 
 
 Peases, Hoare, and Pease (Old Bank), Trinity House-lane. — This 
 business was formerly carried on in High-street (See p. 304). 
 
 The Yorkshire Banking Company's Hull branch is in Whitefriar- 
 gate, and Mr. Edgar Wilkins English is the Manager. 
 
 Hull Banking Company, Silver-street. — Mr. George Cobb is the 
 
 * Mems. — The following notes are from documents in the Privy Seal Eecord Office. — 
 For Thomas Compton, Groom of the Chambers. To be Collector of Customs in the 
 town of Hull, vice Godfrey Darold, deceased. Greenwich, lb' May, 3 Henry VIII. — 
 For Alice Darold. Tardon and Release to Alice Darold, executrix of Godfrey Darold, 
 of Langtoft, Line, alias of Boston, Merchant, Collector of Customs at Kingston-upon- 
 Hull, and Receiver of all Lordships there. Also release for his sureties, Richard 
 Rawson, Archdeacon of Essex, and Sir Richard Cholmeley. Greenwich, 8 April, 4 
 Henry VIII. For Thomas Trace, John Ball, etc. Pardon for them and eight others, 
 mariners of Hull, for the murder of Godfrey Darold. Westminster, 15 May, 6 
 Henry VIII.
 
 518 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 General Manager and Secretary. The neat building in which this 
 bank is held was erected by the Moxon's (See p. 304.) 
 
 The Kingston Bank, of which Mr. J. Kayner is Managing Partner, 
 is in Trinity House-lane ; and there are also some Penny Banks in 
 the town. 
 
 The Hull Savings' Bank, situated in Postern-gate, is a neat edi- 
 fice, which was enlarged in 1863. The institution was founded in 
 1818. The deposits during the past year amounted to £96,569., 
 and the payments to £99,114. 10s. The amount due to depositors 
 in November, 1863, was £379,692. The balance on the debtor 
 side the bank account in November, 1862, was £462,685. The 
 Secretary is Mr. William Kirke Towers. 
 
 Hull Club House, Charlotte-street. — This establishment was 
 founded in 1840, on the plan of the London clubs. The house, 
 which consists of two large private dwellings, united, contains a 
 splendid Reading Room, a fine Dining Room, two good Billiard 
 Rooms, and other large apartments. The Hull Club now consists 
 of about 150 members. Chairman, C. Harrison, Esq. ; Honorary 
 Secretary, R. C. Cattley, Esq. ; House Steward, Mr. James Jackson. 
 
 The Pilot and Ballast Office is a modern brick building at the 
 corner of Queen-street and Nelson-street, and is under the direction 
 of the Commissioners acting under the Humber Pilot Act, which 
 passed in 1832, for the better regulating the pilotage of the port 
 and the river Humber. All the pilots of the port are licensed by 
 the Trinity House board, and when once licensed the pilots are under 
 the control of the above Commissioners, who have power to suspend 
 or fine them ; but they can only be discharged by the Trinity board. 
 There are seven pilot boats with ten pilots and three apprentices 
 to each boat. The apprentices have to go to sea for one year in a 
 square rigged ship, after they have served their apprenticeship to 
 the pilot service ; and then they are eligible for election. The Com- 
 missioners meet once a month in the Board room of the Pilot office. 
 A few years ago the old marine telegraph system was superseded by 
 the electric telegraph, which is partly sub-marine. An upper room 
 of the Pilot office is used as an Observatory, and in it is a powerful 
 telescope. The Conservator of the Humber, Captain Cator, R.N., 
 has an office in the building ; and the Commodore of the Pilots,
 
 HISTOIIY OF KINGSTON-TJPON-HULL. 519 
 
 Captain Thomas White, resides on the premises. Mr. William 
 Smith is Clerk to the Commissioners; and Captain James Murray 
 is the Ballast Master. 
 
 At the South-end, opposite the Pilot Office, is* an Ionic pillar of 
 cast iron, rising 20 feet to the top of the capital, and surmounted 
 by a smaller pillar, 3£ feet high, on the top of which is an hexagonal 
 lantern, with an argand light and reflector, six feet in height. This 
 is for the purpose of lighting the ships into the harbour. 
 
 It is intended to place on the Victoria Pier, in this locality, an 
 Anemometer, to measure the force of the wind. A self-acting Tidal- 
 guage is in operation here. 
 
 Temperance Hall, Myton-gate. — This is a large and commodious 
 hall, erected by the Freemasons in 1800, and formerly known as 
 the Rodney Lodge of that body. It is approached from the street 
 by a narrow passage, and a flight of stone steps stands before the 
 entrance. This is the birth-place of the principle of total absti- 
 nence from intoxicating beverages in Hull, and from the body that 
 holds its meetings here, several other branch societies have sprung. 
 The parent society was established in 1835, by Mr. R. Firth, Ph.D., 
 who edited a temperance periodical in Hull for several years, and 
 died of cholera in 1849.* Mr. Frederick Hopwood, who died in 
 1854, and who was President of the " Hull Temperance League," 
 was remarkable for his administrative ability and persevering labours 
 for the elevation of the working classes. On Good Friday, in the 
 year in which he died, and at a soiree in the Temperance Hall, a 
 beautiful gold timepiece and a silver ink stand (supplied by Mr. T. 
 Reynoldson) were presented to him. In July, 1854, the "British 
 Association for the Promotion of Temperance," held their 20th 
 annual Conference, at Hull. The Conference lasted several days, 
 and there was a great gathering of temperance notabilities on the 
 occasion. 
 
 * In the Hull Temperance Pioneer for May, 1842, we read of the death of Mr. Wm. 
 Pexton, the oldest Past Chief Euler of the Good Design Tent of Eechabites, of whom 
 he was one of the founders. He was buried in St. Mary's churclryard, and his funeral 
 was attended by an immense number of temperance people. We may here add that 
 Mr. Richard Pexton (son of the former) was presented, at a public tea meeting, in 
 1852, with a handsome gold Albert chain and appendages (including an inscription 
 tablet) by the Good Design Tent of the Independent Order of Piechabites, of which 
 tent he was District Chief liuler.
 
 520 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Kingston Temperance Hall, St. Luke-street. This building, which 
 is of brick and plain, is divided into an upper and lower hall, each 
 capable of accommodating above 400 persons. It was opened with 
 a tea meeting on the 24th of November, 1862. The cost of the 
 edifice, including the site, was about 700 guineas. 
 
 Victoria Booms, Queen-street. — We have seen at page 267 how 
 these rooms were opened in 1837, on the " Victoria Festival." In 
 1838-9 subscription assemblies were held in them, and soon after- 
 wards they were let for exhibitions, &c. ; and at a later period they 
 were let for the purposes of trade. About nine years ago the rooms 
 were leased to the late Mr. D. W. Sales, paper-hanger and deco- 
 corator, and Mr. Sales's representatives (E. and R. T. Sales) still 
 occupy the premises, and carry on the paper-hanging and decora- 
 ting business. The large room is a fine apartment, from the ceiling 
 of which an octagonal lantern rises. Attached to the great room is 
 a saloon and other apartments. The lower story, extending along 
 Humber-street, is occupied by shops. The interior of the building 
 measures 115 feet by 36 feet. 
 
 The School of Anatomy and Medicine, Kingston-square, Jarratt- 
 street, is a small but neat building, erected in 1832, in the Grecian 
 style. Pupils attending the lectures here are qualified for exami- 
 ination at the Royal College of Surgeons and Apothecaries' Hall. 
 
 Police. — The Hull police force consists of a chief constable, 4 
 inspectors, 11 sergeants, and 125 constables: total, 142. The 
 corps, which was organised by the present Chief Constable in 1836, 
 and has been commanded by him ever since, is characterised by a 
 high degree of discipline and efficiency. Year after year the proper 
 authorities have certified to this fact. In the Report of the In- 
 spectors of Constabulary for the year 1863, it is stated that the 
 men were found to be in a very effective state, that they looked re- 
 markably well, and that the force continues to be maintained in a 
 veryhighly satisfactory conditionof discipline&c. The Police Station, 
 in Parliament-street, was formerly a part of the old " Charity Hall " 
 (See p. 479), and is well suited for its purpose. At the rear of the 
 offices are barracks for about 60 men, and twelve cells for prisoners. 
 One of the functions of the police force of Hull is the extinction of 
 fires ; and it may be said that few towns in the kingdom possess so
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-TJPON-HULL. 521 
 
 excellent a fire brigade. They have no fire engines, but on the first 
 alarm of fire, they attach lengths of hose to the " fire mains," which 
 are always under sufficiently high pressure to throw water over the 
 tallest house. The result is, that since this system has been in 
 existence no fire has ever extended beyond the building in which 
 it originated. And this most effective protection of the property of 
 the people of Hull costs them nothing.* 
 
 In the printed "Proceedings and Resolutions" of the Town 
 Council, we find Mr. Mac Manus, the Chief Constable, styled the 
 " Hi°"h Constable of the Borough and County of the Town of Kings- 
 ton-upon-Hull."f A very marked compliment paid to the police 
 force is noticed at page 213. 
 
 * In a leading article on the means in existence of extinguishing fires in the me- 
 tropolis, the editor of the Morning Star newspaper, in the number of that journal 
 dated August 23, 1862, states that the annual expense of the fire brigades of London 
 is £25,000. ; whilst in Liverpool, where the fire brigade is part of the police force, 
 the yearly cost of protection against fire is only ,£2.800.; that the fire brigades of 
 Manchester and Glasgow ccst but about £2,000. each ; but at Hull, the writer ob- 
 serves, " the organisation is still more admirable." And after referring more fully to 
 the system in practice in Hull for the extinction of alarming fires, he frankly admits 
 that " this arrangement is perhaps the nearest possible approach to absolute perfec- 
 tion." 
 
 + In the beginning of the year 1860 the Chief Constable was presented with a 
 massive and splendid gold watch, in the presence of the police, from whose subscrip- 
 tions the testimonial proceeded. The watch is thus inscribed :— Presented by the Po- 
 lice Force of Hull to Andrew Mac Manus, Esq., Chief Constable, in testimony of his 
 aid in securing their superannuation rights in the Police Act, 1859. 11th January, 
 1860." The ceremony took place in the yard of the station-house, Parliament-street, 
 and the Mayor (Z. C. Pearson, Esq.) presented the testimonial, at the request of the 
 subscribers to it, in very flattering terms to Mr. Mac Manus. The Mayor was accom- 
 panied on this occasion by the Town Clerk and several members of the Corporation, 
 including Messrs. Moss, Bannister, Abbey, and Fountain. There were also many in- 
 fluential townspeople in attendance. 
 
 From the report of the proceedings in the local newspapers, we gather that the 
 Borough Police Act, 11th and 12th Vic. (which was drawn up and arranged in Hull) 
 fixed the period of superannuation at 50 years; but the bill of 1859 sought to sweep 
 away that clause of the 11th and 12th Vic, and to enact that the men should be ten 
 years longer in the force before they could claim their superannuation. Mr. Mac 
 Manus was the first to call attention to this attempt to deprive the police force generally 
 of their privileges ; he consulted with the Town Clerk, and that gentleman and the 
 Chairman of the Watch Committee accompanied him to London, where they were 
 introduced to the Home Secretary by Mr. Clay, M.P., and the result was that the 
 Town Clerk was authorised to draw up a clause there and then (there being not a 
 day to be lost) which nullified and repealed the obnoxious one; and when the bill 
 was passed, this clause formed a part of it. 
 
 3 x
 
 522 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UTON-HUIX. 
 
 Borough Gaol and House of Correction. — The old Gaol and House 
 of Correction, which stood near the old Guild Hall, is still in ex- 
 istence, in Fetter-lane, but is used for other purposes. The next 
 prison stood in the Old Gaol Yard, in Castle-street ; and that build- 
 ing, except its outer gate, has disappeared altogether. The present 
 gaol, in Kingston-street, was completed in 1829, at a cost of £22,000., 
 but several improvements have since been added. When it was 
 built it was described in the newspapers as standing " on the bank 
 of the Humber, west of the town ;" where several streets were rising, 
 and others were being laid out. The plan is similar to other mo- 
 dern prisons. For the year 1863 the daily average number of pri- 
 soners in the gaol was 109 males and 51 females ; and the greatest 
 number in at one time was 138 males and 72 females. 
 
 For several years past this gaol has been found insufficient for 
 the accommodation of the prisoners, and very often it has been found 
 impossible to maintain efficient discipline. A new gaol is therefore 
 about to be erected, on the principle of modern prisons in various 
 towns. The plan, which is by Mr. Thorp, the Borough Surveyor, 
 provides for the safe keeping of 347 prisoners, each having a sepa- 
 rate cell (double the number which the present gaol is capable of), 
 and a large house and garden each for the Governor and Chaplain ; 
 as well as a residence for the Deputy Governor. The site of the 
 proposed prison is on the Hedon road. The Governor of the gaol 
 is Captain W. Neill ; and the Rev. James Selkirk is the Chaplain. 
 
 Model Dwellings. — These dwellings, which form nearly three parts 
 of a square, with a court-yard in the centre, and are situated at the 
 junction of Midland-street and St. Luke-street, belong to the Incor- 
 porated Society for Improving the Condition of the Labouring 
 Classes. They were erected by a munificent gift of £5,000. from 
 Miss Turner, (daughter to the late Ralph Turner, Esq., of Hull, 
 merchant, and sister to the present Charles Turner, Esq., M.P. 
 for South Lancashire), to the Right Hon. the Earl of Shaftesbury, 
 for the purpose of enabling his lordship, as President of the above 
 society, to establish at Hull an example of suitable dwellings for 
 the labouring poor. Miss Broadley gave ground of the value of 
 £200. towards the same object. The foundation stone was laid on 
 the 25th of February, 1862, by the Mayor (Mr. Z. C. Pearson), in
 
 niSTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 523 
 
 the unavoidable absence of Lord Shaftesbury, and the building con- 
 sists of two stories, with a centre of three stories in each of the 
 before-mentioned streets — containing separate and distinct comfort- 
 able residences for 32 families. The dwellings on the first story 
 are entered from an external stone gallery, constructed against the 
 building in the quadrangle, and approached by stone stairs in the 
 centre of each frontage. The floors are fire-proof, no timber is used 
 in the division walls, and the ventilation is excellent, The building 
 is faced with white Trent bricks, with bands, cornices, &c, of red 
 bricks and Mexborough stone. Henry M. Eyton, Esq., of London, 
 was the architect; and Messrs. Simpson and Malone were the 
 builders. It is intended to complete the square out of the profits 
 of the income of the dwellings. 
 
 Theatres. — The earliest notice of theatres in Hull occurs in 
 1598, when the profession of the "poor player" was held in low 
 esteem here. In that year the Mayor issued an order in which 
 "divers idle lewd persons, players or setters out of plays, tragedies, 
 comedies, and interludes," who were in the habit of resorting to the 
 town, were denounced ; and in which it was threatened that every 
 man or woman, who should be found present " at any play or inter- 
 lude " within the town, should "forfeit 2s. Cd. for every time and 
 offence."* When this charitable order was promulgated the theatre 
 stood in Whitefriar-gate. In 17G7 the theatre was situated off 
 Low-gate, on the ground now occupied by George Yard Chapel (See 
 p. 425). In 1769 an Act was passed empowering the King to li- 
 cense or patent a play-house at York, and another at Hull ; and in 
 the following year a " Theatre Royal " was erected by subscription, 
 in Finkle-street, on a plot of ground called Abishar's (or Haber- 
 
 * In the reign of Elizabeth all players were declared to be rogues and vagabonds, 
 unless acting as servants to some Earl or Baron, and the enjoyment of stage per- 
 formances was monopolised by the aristocracy. Subsequently patents were granted 
 by the Crown, and in 1737 (10 Geo. II.) the Lord Chamberlain was allowed to grant 
 patents for the theatres in the city of Westminster, but not in any other part of the 
 kingdom. Private Acts of Parliament were afterwards procured for patenting stage 
 performances in other parts. The extension of these stage performances by patent 
 under private acts was found insufficient for the people, and in 1788 (28 Geo. II I.) 
 additional powers were granted, by which Justices at Quarter Sessions were em- 
 powered to grant licenses under certain restrictions. In 1842 the provisions of this 
 latter act were further extended, and all theatres were declared equal in the eye of 
 the law.
 
 521 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HTJLL. 
 
 shaw's) Yard. The site of thrs building is now occupied by the pre- 
 mises of Mr. James Thorpe. The celebrated Tate Wilkinson was 
 then the manager of the " York Circuit," which consisted of the 
 York, Hull, Leeds, Wakefield, Doncaster, and Pontefract theatres; 
 but it was afterwards reduced to York, Hull, and Leeds. At the latter 
 period the theatres of Hull and York were second only to the great 
 national theatre in Drury-lane, London ; and many of the best actors, 
 who at different times adorned the London stage, were reared on 
 the Yorkshire " boards." Of this number was the late celebrated 
 Charles Matthews. Mr. Wilkinson built the late Theatre Royal, 
 in Humber-street, but he did not live to see the building completed.* 
 It was opened on the 1st of May, 1810, with the tragedy of " Tan- 
 cred and Sigismunda," and the farce called the "Agreeable Surprise." 
 The part of Sigismunda was acted by Mr. Stephen Kemble. In the 
 local newspapers this theatre was described at the time it was built, 
 as occupying " the whole breadth of the ground between Humber- 
 street and a new street recently laid out to the south of Humber- 
 street and parallel thereto." Mr. John Wilkinson succeeded his 
 father, Tate, in the management of the York Circuit. 
 
 On the morning of the 13th of October, 1859, this beautiful 
 theatre was discovered to be on fire, and soon nothing was left but 
 the bare walls, as they stand at the present day. It has never been 
 ascertained how the fire originated. Mr. John Pritchard was the 
 manager at the time of the catastrophe. 
 
 About the year 1820 the ground at the corner of Humber-street, 
 now occupied by the Victoria Rooms, was first built upon — the 
 building being a wooden circus with a tiled roof, in which Mr. 
 Cooke and his equestrian troupe performed feats of horsemanship. 
 This place was soon afterwards rebuilt with brick by Mr. Butler, 
 an actor, and converted into a theatre. Under Butler's manage- 
 ment it was called the Summer Theatre; but in later times, a 
 
 * From "Memoirs of his own life," by Tate Wilkinson (4 vols. 12mo., 1790) we 
 learn that he (Mr. Wilkinson) made his first appearance in Hull, as a " star," in Nov. 
 1705, in the character of King Lear. " Hull (he says) for hospitality and plenty of 
 good cheer, with too much welcome, intitles that town to the appellation of 'the 
 Dublin of England.' The many acts of kindness I received (he continues) in that 
 friendly seat, occasions my being oftener in bad health at Hull than in any other 
 place in my yearly round."
 
 IIISTOBY OF KINGSTON-UrON-IIULL. 525 
 
 manager named Ilolloway changed its name to that of the Sans 
 Fareil. In 1837 the building was pulled down, and the Victoria 
 Rooms erected on its site. 
 
 At the corner of Wellington-street, on the ground now occupied 
 by the Rojal Hotel, once stood a beautiful little minor theatre ; and, 
 after its demolition, the late Mr. S. Kirkwood erected an amphi- 
 theatre at the opposite corner of the same street. This was after- 
 wards called the Adelphi Theatre ; and above it was a large lecture 
 and exhibition room, called the Apollo Saloon. 
 
 Royal Queens Theatre, Paragon-street. — This spacious edifice was 
 erected by Mr. S. Kirkwood, and was originally called the New Am- 
 phitheatre. A license for dramatic performances in it was first 
 granted to Mr. T. Cooke, an equestrian, by the borough magistrates, 
 and the opening night was that of the 12th of October, 1846, when 
 the grand military spectacle, the "Wars of the Puujaub," was rep- 
 resented. A few months later the building was called the Royal 
 Amphitheatre, and in September, 1847, Mr. Egerton, the then 
 lessee and manager, designated it the Queen's Theatre. In 1854 
 Mr. Joseph Henry Wolfenden (who died in 1861) and Mr. Robert 
 Rivers Melbourne became joint lessees and managers of this theatre, 
 and with most praiseworthy exertions, they succeeded in raising 
 the place from a very low and degraded state, into which some of 
 the previous managers had allowed it to degenerate, to the position 
 of as respectable and well-conducted a theatre as any in the king- 
 dom.* The house is generally open eleven months in every year, 
 
 * On the 20th of Nov., 1S54, a purse of gold, subscribed by a number of gentlemen, 
 was presented to Messrs. "Wolfenden and Melbourne, as " a mark of respect." On 
 the 8th of Feb., 1856, Messrs. Wolfenden and Melbourne were each presented with a 
 silver tea service, subscribed for by their tradesmen, " in appreciation of their liberal 
 and spirited management of the Queen's Theatre, Hull.'' The latter presentation 
 (which took place on the stage on the 40th and last night of the Christmas pantom- 
 ime, in the presence of a very crowded and very brilliant assemblage) was made by 
 H. E. Dearsley, Esq., Barrister-at-law, who, in doing so, alluded in terms of eulogy to 
 the exertions which had been made by the managers for the elevation of the theatre. 
 
 The local newspapers have recorded many acts of generosity on the part of the present 
 managers of this theatre. Among these may be noticed afree benefit, yielding ,£116., 
 to the sufferers from the burning of the Theatre Koyal; an excellent tea and other 
 entertainments to 500 of the oldest poor women of the town, once in each of the 
 five last years of the existence of the Zoological Gardens (indeed the fifth " Old 
 Women's Gala" was the last/ete held in those gardens); a free benefit in aid of the 
 People's Park, in June, 1860; and benefits to the Infirmary and other institutions.
 
 5 26 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UTON-HULL. 
 
 and " stars " of the theatrical firmament, of the first, and every 
 other magnitude, are being continually introduced. 
 
 The building, which is in the Italian Style, is 50 feet high, 
 and the principal front, in Paragon-street, is 200 feet in length. A 
 second front, in South-street, is 70 feet long. The facades are 
 of brick, stuccoed ; the Paragon-street front exhibits a massive 
 frieze supported by nine pilasters, between which are very large 
 windows ; and there are four pilasters in the other front. The 
 interior will accommodate about 3,000 persons. The proscenium 
 consists of an elliptical arch, 40 feet high, supported by two pil- 
 asters; the stage is 90 feet deep; and the elevation of the audito- 
 rium is divided into three lines of balconies. In 1863 this noble 
 Temple of the Drama was beautifully re-decorated in the Arabesque — 
 a style which admits of, and is pre-eminently adapted to display the 
 talent of Mr. Charles Fox, the scenic artist of the establishment, as 
 a colourist, and in which he has in this instance been peculiarly 
 successful — the place being as rich and gay, as gold and colour 
 could make it; whilst it still retains a most refreshing aspect. On 
 the 28th of September, in the above year, the splendid Act Drop, 
 designed and executed by the same artist, was first introduced. 
 The subject is Italian (a composition), and for beauty of design, 
 arrangement of colour, and general harmony, we have seldom seen 
 it excelled. Whilst the eye wanders over the vast space (for it em- 
 braces a large area) we know not which most to admire, the rich 
 broken tesselated foreground, with its rustic figures and goats ; the 
 chastely designed villa fountain, with its classically draped figures; 
 the well grouped bathers in the middle distance, thrown into shade 
 by the rich foliage surrounding them ; the imposing mass of ruins 
 to the left; or the tranquil lake-like bay, stretching away as far 
 as the eye can reach, and bordered by lofty mountains whose gigan- 
 tic heads are lost in the calm horizon. The scenery and stage 
 appointments are perfect. The building is capable of being used 
 as an amphitheatre at any time, by removing the flooring and seats 
 of a portion of the pit, which are but temporarily erected upon the 
 circle. The latter is 42 feet in diameter. The lessees and mana- 
 gers are Mrs. J. H. Wolfenden and Mr. K. R. Melbourne. 
 
 Alhambra Music Hall, Porter-street. — This elegant place of amuse-
 
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-IirON-llULL. 527 
 
 mcnt was opened by Mr. Charles A. Ayre, on the 29th of February, 
 1804, and is conducted on the principle of the London music halls, 
 except that (unlike the metropolitan singing saloons) drinking and 
 smoking are not permitted in the Hull Temple of Song. Those 
 luxuries may, however, be enjoyed in commodious refreshment rooms 
 connected with the hall. The building, originally a Dissenting 
 Chapel, and afterwards St. Luke's Church (See p. 413), was sold to 
 Mr. C. A. Eyre, after the present Church of St. Luke was finished. 
 Mr. Eyre next purchased ground at the rear of the edifice and on 
 each side of it, and at a great expense converted the comparatively 
 small disused Chapel into a large, comfortable, well ventilated music 
 saloon, with a wing on each side ; and there is a space left behind 
 the building, on which it is intended to erect a hotel. The front of 
 the hall is compoed, and has been rendered ornamental by the in- 
 troduction of pilasters, having medallions half way up, and musical 
 instruments in the capitals. In the pediment is a cluster of musical 
 instruments, with scrolls bearing the names of eminent composers; 
 the window heads finish with neat mouldings, in which are inserted 
 masks and other ornaments ; and the wings are surmounted with 
 open parapets of terra cotta. 
 
 The vestibule contains six full-length figures in niches bearing 
 gas lamps, with looking-glasses between them. The hall or saloon 
 is lofty, well proportioned, and chastely and elegantly fitted up. 
 There is a gallery or balcony on three of its sides, and the west end 
 is occupied by the stage, the opening of which is formed by two 
 pilasters supporting a frieze and an elliptic arch, all in plain white 
 and gold. The balcony is fronted by a metal railing ornamented 
 with figures in terra cotta work ; and on the walls are a series of 
 medallions and tablets in stucco, representing classical scenes. In 
 the coving of the ceiling are perforated ventilators, and in the cen- 
 tre of the ceiling is a gas sun-light. The body of the hall is fur- 
 nished with chairs, and in the balcony the rows of seats are cush- 
 ioned. One of the wings forms an elegant picture gallery, and the 
 other is the residence of the proprietor. The purchase of the 
 original building and the additional land, together with the rebuild- 
 ing and enlarging of the edifice has cost Mr. Eyre up to £8,000. 
 The design of the building is by Messrs. Bellamy and Hardy, archi-
 
 528 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 tects, Lincoln ; and the work was performed under the superinten- 
 dence of Mr. Langhorn Wardrobe, builder. 
 
 Since the introduction of this scheme for providing the inhabi- 
 tants of Hull with one of the most intellectual and refined sorts of 
 entertainment it has been a great success ; and doubtless, with good 
 management, it will continue so; for if "music hath charms to 
 soothe the savage breast," it possesses likewise the peculiar properties 
 of elevating the mind, purifying the taste, and delighting the senses 
 of even the most highly cultivated intellect. 
 
 " The man tbat hath no music in himself, 
 Nor is not moved with the concord of sweet sounds, 
 Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and plots : 
 Let not that man be trusted." 
 
 Public Baths and Wash-houses. — Several years ago a neat 
 and well appointed structure for bathing purposes was erected near 
 the east end of English-street, by a body of shareholders, but it 
 was built on too costly a plan to be remunerative, and the adven- 
 ture failed. The building has been closed for some years. When 
 the Stoneferry Waterworks were nearly completed, in 1846, the 
 Corporation, at the suggestion of Alderman Thompson, voted £500. 
 to form baths for the poor, so convenient as to be supplied with hot 
 water from the engine. These baths were erected, and in the first 
 year of their existence no less than 22,000 persons bathed there. 
 But the baths were too far removed from the poor inhabitants of the 
 most densely populous district of the borough, and were accessible 
 only to the young and healthy portion of the community. In 1846 
 " An Act to encourage the establishment of Public Baths and Wash- 
 houses " received the royal assent, and in the spring of the year 
 following, many of the leading men of Hull turned their atten- 
 tion to the question of establishing a general central bathing and 
 washing establishment. One of the foremost of those who took a 
 prominent part in this question was Dr. Owen Daly, who had taken 
 up his residence at Hull but a short time before. This gentleman 
 (we learn from the public prints) devoted considerable time and 
 much industry to the collection of facts as to how baths and wash- 
 houses had succeeded in London, Birmingham, Liverpool, and other 
 large towns, and the result of his enquiries satisfied him that where-
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 529 
 
 ever baths and wash-houses had been established, a marked im- 
 provement had taken place in the health and morals of the working 
 classes ; and also of the practicability of forming an extensive es- 
 tablishment of that kind here, provided the authorities of the town, 
 including the clergy and the medical faculty, could be brought to 
 unite in the promotion of the work. 
 
 In April, 1847, a public meeting was held at the Town Hall for 
 the purpose of considering the necessity of providing baths and wash- 
 houses for the poor of the borough. The requisition to the Mayor, 
 calling upon him to convene this meeting, was signed by 7 physi- 
 cians, 18 surgeons, 28 clergymen, 12 magistrates, 8 aldermen, and 
 many other gentlemen. The Mayor presided, and Dr. Daly made 
 a long and most interesting speech, full of facts and statistics bear- 
 ing upon the subject of baths, &c. ; and Drs. Horner and Cooper, 
 the Rev. J. H. Bromby, and H. Blundell, E. F. Collins, James 
 Henwood, Joseph Jones, John Gresham, and John Foster, Esquires, 
 took a prominent part in the proceedings. The meeting resolved to 
 carry out the important object for which it had assembled. The 
 Corporation then appointed a Committee for that purpose ; and a 
 few months later the Lords of the Treasury authorised the Town 
 Council to sell to this Committee such portion of the property of 
 the Corporation as may be required for the site of the proposed 
 building. 
 
 Whilst this subject was uppermost in the minds of the "better 
 classes " of the town, Dr. Daly (who, with Mr. E. F. Collins, may 
 be considered the prime movers in the business) delivered a most 
 interesting lecture before the Hull Literary and Philosophical So- 
 ciety, on " Modern Baths." The lecturer passed in review the 
 history of the practice of bathing from the earliest times among the 
 most celebrated nations ; and then he said much that was inter- 
 esting on modern baths and wash-houses. This lecture is referred 
 to here, because it formed a link in the proceedings which resulted 
 in the erection of the Public Baths and Wash-houses, in Trippet- 
 street, that were built by the Corporation, at a cost of about 
 £12,000., and opened to the public without any formality, April 
 22nd, 1850. The edifice, which is of brick faced with stone, is a 
 good specimen of the Tudor style, and an ornament to the neigh- 
 
 3 Y
 
 530 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 bourhood. Externally the main building has a frontage of two 
 floors, and occupying a position central to all the works, is a tower, 
 which answers the purpose not only of a chimney to the furnaces, 
 but also of a ventilator for carrying off the steam and foul air from 
 every part of the building. For the latter purpose the fresh air is 
 admitted through apertures in the ornamental part of the front eleva- 
 tion beneath the windows of the ground floor, from whence it passes 
 through perforated zinc into all the rooms of the building, and being 
 carried off through openings in the ceiling, a constant ventilation is 
 kept up, as there is always a draft upwards through the shaft of the 
 tower. The establishment contains SO first class baths for men, 
 and 11 for women ; 34 second class baths for men, and 8 for women ; 
 5 vapour baths ; a plunge bath for women, and a swimming bath for 
 men. The laundry department affords room for 50 persons at once 
 for washing, drying, and mangling. The charges are very moderate. 
 
 Protestant Hall, Kingston-square. — Whilst the types for this page 
 were being " set up," we learnt that a large two-storied edifice, of 
 brick with stone dressings, was about to be erected on a piece of 
 vacant ground adjoining the Public Kooms. The lower floor will 
 comprise some ante-rooms, and a Lecture Hall to seat about 600 ; 
 and the upper story, a Lodge Boom for the " Loyal Orangemen," a 
 Library and Reading Room, class rooms, &c. The building is to be 
 erected by public subscription, but chiefly by the Orange society. 
 Mr. W. Kerby is the architect. 
 
 Wilberforce Monument. — In compliance with a requisition nu- 
 merously and most respectably signed, and presented to the Mayor, 
 a public meeting of the inhabitants of Hull and its neighbourhood 
 was held in the Guild Hall, on the 12th of August, 1833, to take 
 into consideration the most proper mode of testifying the high ven- 
 eration attached to the memory of William Wilberforce, Esq. (then 
 lately deceased), in this town. The meeting was attended by the 
 most respectable of all parties and classes, including several gentle- 
 men from the country, and the clergy of all denominations. The 
 chair was occupied by the Mayor, John Barkworth, Esq., and 
 highly eulogistic speeches were delivered by the Rev. J. H. Bromby, 
 Henry Broadley, Esq., J. V. Thompson, Esq., Richard Bethell,
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UPON-HULL. 531 
 
 Esq., M.P., the Hon. Charles Langdale, the Rev. John Scott, and 
 others. The resolutions passed on the occasion were : — 
 
 1. That this meeting contemplates with the warmest admiration the splendid 
 career, during the period of half a century, of our late townsman, William Wilber- 
 force, who, while he exhibited in private life all those virtues which spring from the 
 cordial reception of Christian principles, in public life declined every scheme of per- 
 sonal aggrandisement, and devoted talents, which gained him universal attention, to 
 objects of the purest and most enlarged benevolence. 2. That it would not be cre- 
 ditable to the character of the town, which justly glories in having been the birth 
 place of such a man, and in having first sent him into Parliament, to suffer him to 
 sink into his grave without raising some lasting monument of its veneration and 
 affection for his memory. 3. That the inhabitants of the county of York generally 
 be invited to unite in erectng in Hull, as his native town, or in its immediate neigh- 
 bourhood, some memorial of a man who, with distinguished credit to himself and 
 benefit to his constituents, served the county of York as its representative in six 
 successive parliaments, continued through a period of twenty-eight years. 4. That 
 it is the opinion of this meeting that an obelisk or pillar, will form the most striking 
 and appropriate memorial. 5. That a subscription be entered into for the purpose 
 of carrying the proposed object into effect. 
 
 A Committee of Management was soon afterwards formed and 
 subscriptions were collected or received by them. In the early part 
 of the following year Mr. Clark, of Leeds, architect, was engaged to 
 superintend the erection of the proposed column ; and he, in a 
 report relative to the different sites which in his opinion, were the 
 most eligible for the purpose, gave a preference to a situation at the 
 south end of Queen-street, by the water-side, where the large gas- 
 lamp now stands. But this situation would require an expense of 
 at least £150. in securing a proper foundation. The site which he 
 placed second in point of effectiveness for exhibiting the column as 
 a work of art, was the centre of Kingston-square, Jarratt-street ; but 
 this was also objected to ; and the site upon Which the monument 
 was afterwards erected, occupied the third place in his estimation. 
 The first stone of the memorial was laid on the 1st of August, 1834 
 — the era of the abolition of slavery in the colonies of the British 
 empire. It will be seen that the time for commencing this tribute 
 of public gratitude was happily chosen. No moment could have 
 been so fitting to record his worth as that when the act of liberation 
 which he had struggled to obtain was proclaimed — when the slave 
 had shaken off his fetters, and stood before his " master " protected 
 by the chartered rights of a freeman. 
 
 The interest taken in the ceremony of laying the foundation stone.
 
 532 HTSTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 was exhibited in marked demonstrations of respect. Most of the 
 shops in the town were closed, flags were streaming from the ship- 
 ping, the bells pealed from the Churches, and a great assemblage 
 collected to witness the proceedings. The windows of the Dispen- 
 sary and the buildings adjacent; the windows, roof, and tower of St. 
 John's Church ; and the yards and rigging of the ships in the dock, 
 were occupied by clusters of spectators. The stone was laid by 
 Kichard Bethell, Esq., M.P. (of Eise), Chairman of the Memorial 
 Committee. Subsequently it was resolved that the column should 
 be surmounted by a statue of him, whose noble perseverance in the 
 cause of humanity it was intended to honour and record ; and the 
 statue was fixed in its position on the 12th of November, 1835. 
 
 This pillar and statue, which for ages will be a lasting memorial 
 " to be seen and read by all men," of that great philanthropist and 
 friend to the whole human race, stands at the end of St. John-street, 
 and is a conspicuous ornament to the town. It is an elegant fluted 
 Doric column on a square pedestal, with a statue of the eminent 
 statesman and philanthropist, in his senatorial robes, with a folded 
 scroll in his hand, on a small circular pedestal above the capital of 
 the column. It forms a conspicuous object at the principal entrance 
 into the town. The height of the base and column is 90 feet ; that 
 of the statue is 12 feet ; the total height is 102 feet. The diameter 
 of the column at the bottom is 10ft. 3in. ; and the diameter at the 
 top is 7ft. lOin. The several fronts of the base are ornamented 
 with the arms of the town, the Dock Company, the Trinity House, 
 and the Wilberforce family, severally engraved in bas-relief, on 
 shields of uniform dimensions ; beneath which, encircled by laurel 
 branches, are appropriate inscriptions of the object, the time, and 
 the manner of its erection. The entire cost of the monument was 
 £1,250.* Messrs. Myers and Wilson were the builders. 
 
 * William Wilberforce, Esq., was born at Hull (See p. 305.) The family name was 
 Wilberfoss, and they had an ancient seat in the parish of that name, near I'ocklington. 
 Alderman Wilberforce of Hull, who, in 1771, resigned his gown (See p. 146), changed 
 it to Wilberforce. When but just of age, the subject of this notice was returned to 
 parliament for his native borough; and in 17S4 he was elected for the county of 
 York, which he represented in sis successive parliaments. It is scarcely necessary to 
 state here that he distinguished himself during the course of his long and useful life 
 by his exertions in the. cause of the negro. At the general election of 1812 he retired 
 from parliament ; and in the October of that year a meeting of the freeholders of the
 
 I II STORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-IlULL. 533 
 
 The dock bridge near this pillar occupies the site where formerly 
 stood the Beverley Gate ; and it was on this identical spot that the 
 unfortunate Charles I. and his followers were denied admission into 
 the town by Sir John Hotham, in 1G42 (See pp. 107, 274). 
 
 Statue of King William III., Market-place. — This equestrian 
 statue was designed and executed by Scheemaker, and erected by 
 subscription in 1734, at a cost of £893. 10s. ; and on the 4th of 
 December in that year it was inaugurated — that being the day of 
 annual rejoicing then kept by the people of Hull since 1088. The 
 Governor, Corporation, Clergy, Gentry, &c, went to the statue in 
 procession, and it was opened " with great solemnity." A rhyme 
 
 county, resident in Hull and its vicinity, was held at the Mansion House to take into 
 consideration the best means of testifying their respect and regard for him. This 
 meeting voted a very complimentary address to Mr. Wilberforce, and in proposing the 
 address for the adoption of the assembly, D. Sykes beautifully observed that " not all 
 the blood stained wreaths of Napoleon; not all the laurels which graced the brow of 
 a Wellington ; not all the wreaths worn by distinguished statesmen, orators, wits, and 
 poets, in every age — were equal (in the speaker's opinion) to the honour which Mr. 
 Wilberforce had obtained by the abolition of the slave trade." 
 
 Mr. Wilberforce died in London on the 29th of July, 1833, hi his 7ith year, and 
 was honoured with a public funeral, which was attended by many of the most distin- 
 guished members of both Houses of Parliament ; indeed among the pall-bearers were 
 the Dukes of Sussex and Gloucester, the Marquis of Westminster, the Lord Chancel- 
 lor, the Earl of Clarendon, Lord Bexley, and the Speaker of the House of Commons. 
 His ashes repose among the illustrous dead within the walls of Westminster Abbey. 
 On the 7th of the following month Divine service was performed in the Holy Trinity 
 Church " to improve the demise of this venerable philanthropist." On the occasion 
 many shops were wholly closed, and several others partly so. The Hull Mechanics' 
 Institute held a meeting to do honour to his memory — the deceased philanthropist 
 having been one of its distinguished members. 
 
 In the month of October (1833) a county meeting was held in York "to consider 
 the most effectual means of doing that honour to his (Mr. Wilberforce's) memory 
 to which it was so pre-eminently entitled. The Archbishop of York presided, and it 
 was resolved that (while they approved of the erection of a column in his native town 
 to his memory) there should be a memorial of him placed in some situation in which 
 the inhabitants of all Yorkshire should feel a common interest — the nature of such 
 memorial to depend upon the aggregate amount of the subscriptions which may be 
 received. The Wilberjorec School for the Indigent Blind, in the city of York, was the 
 result of this subscription. 
 
 Mr. Wilbeforce's three sons entered the Church ; one is now the Lord Bishop of 
 Oxford, and the two others became Archdeacons. But both of the Archdeacons 
 seceded from the establishment, and joined the communion of the Church of Rome. 
 Samuel, the Bishop of Oxford (when Rector of Brighstone), and one of his brothers 
 (Robert Isaac, the Vicar of East Farleigh) wrote the Life of William Wilberforce (their 
 father) in five 8vo. vols., which was published by Murray, in 1837.
 
 534 HISTORY OF RINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 in the Gentleman's Magazine for that month states that on this 
 festive occasion, the loyal inhabitants " drank his (King William's) 
 memory, till they lost their own." The statue is allowed to be one 
 of the best erections of the kind in the kingdom. The figures, 
 both of the monarch and the horse, are easy and graceful. A 
 thistle, which was formerly under the foot of the horse, is said to 
 have been stolen by the Jacobites ; and the Jews of Hull once pre- 
 sented to the Corporation a crown for the head of the King (See p. 
 441). In 1821 the statue was re-gilded, by public subscription; 
 and in 1834 it received another golden coating. The statue was 
 originally railed round in a large square, but the railing obstructing 
 the carriages, the corners were cut off, and it remained an octagon 
 for some time. However, being still too large, it was afterwards 
 reduced to its present state. 
 
 Newspapers. — The first newspaper published in Hull was called 
 the Hull Courant, and it bears the imprint of Kawson and Son. It 
 was printed in Low-gate in 1759. 
 
 The Hull Packet is the oldest Hull newspaper in existence, and 
 is the only conservative and church paper between Hull and York. 
 Its first number is dated Tuesday, May 29th, 1787, and it was 
 printed by George Prince, Scale-lane. Mr. Kobert Peck, of the 
 same place, was subsequently the publisher of it; and from him the 
 paper was purchased by a Mr. Allanson. The gentleman who edi- 
 ted it, in Mr. Allanson's time, was the author of a three volume 
 novel called " The Ruling Passion " (Newby, London). In Novem- 
 ber, 1827, the paper was enlarged, and called the "Hull Packet and 
 Humber Mercury," the printer and publisher being Mr. T. Topping, 
 of Low-gate. In 1830 Mr. Topping sold it to Messrs. Goddard 
 and Brown, who were the publishers until 1839 ; a Mr. Quin being 
 their editor. When this partnership was dissolved, the Packet 
 continued to be published by Mr. Brown, under the editorship of 
 Mr. Andrew Clarke Wardale, and for a short time by a Mr. Staf- 
 ford ; and Mr. Goddard, with Mr. Quin for his editor, started an 
 opposition paper on conservative principles, called the " Hull and 
 East Riding Times" — which ceased to exist in 1841. In the same 
 year Mr. Brown ceased to be the proprietor of the Packet, and in 
 1842 it was purchased by Mr. Thomas Freebody, for the leading
 
 HISTOKY OF KINGSTON-Ul'ON-IIULL. 535 
 
 conservative gentlemen of Hull and its vicinity. Under Mr. Free- 
 body's management the first editor was Mr. T. Ramsey, a journalist 
 of repute, and the author of a novel entitled " Ponsonby," published 
 in 184G. About this time the Puseyite controversy ran high, and 
 Mr. Ramsey, being what is called a high churchman, his views ran 
 counter to those of his employers, so he gave way to his sub-editor, 
 Mr. Dibdin Hubbarde. Mr. Richard Wallis, who joined the paper 
 in 1843, as chief reporter, succeeded Mr. Hubbarde, as editor, about 
 the year 1847, and that gentleman has occupied the editorial chair 
 to the present day. In 1849 Mr. Wallis became the manager and 
 publisher, as well as editor; and in 1850 Mr. Wallis and his elder 
 brother, Mr. Ebenezer Wallis, purchased the paper, and these two 
 gentlemen are the present proprietors of it — Mr. Richard Wallis 
 being the editor and publisher, and Mr. Ebenezer Wallis the com- 
 mercial manager. The Hull Packet is now a Friday paper. 
 
 The Hull Advertiser made its first appearance on Saturday, 5th 
 July, 1794, Mr. Rawson, Low-gate, being the publisher. The 
 paper afterwards belonged to Messrs. Rawson and Holden, with 
 whom, subsequently, Mr. Isaac Wilson became a partner. In time 
 the latter became the sole owner. The Advertiser was a tory news- 
 paper until the period of the Reform Bill agitation (about 1831), 
 when Mr. Wilson sold it to a number of proprietors, and it then 
 became, what it has ever since been, an exponent of liberal principles. 
 Under the new management, Mr. William Kennedy became the 
 editor of the paper. This gentleman (who was a native of the North 
 of Ireland, and who went out with the Earl of Durham to Canada, 
 in connexion with a Royal Commission for enquiring into the affairs 
 of that country) was an elegant writer of both prose and poetry. 
 He was the author of two volumes of poems, entitled, " The Arrow 
 and the Rose," &c, and " Fitful Fancies ;" also of a beautiful blank 
 verse play, entitled "The Siege of Antwerp;" and an historical 
 work published in 1841 (two vols. 8vo.), called " The Rise, Progress, 
 and Prospects of the Republic of Texas." The Advertiser was then 
 published on Fridays. For some years the proprietors of it pub- 
 lished a Tuesday paper, " The Observer," and a Saturday paper, 
 "The Hull Saturday Journal." The latter paper, though not 
 continued, was the first example of a cheap Saturday paper for
 
 536 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 the people — since so successfully followed by the Hull News and the 
 Hull Times. Mr. Kennedy was succeeded, as editor of the Hull 
 Advertiser, in 1841, by the present editor of that paper, Mr. 
 Edward Francis Collins — the proprietors then being Mr. Alderman 
 Casson, Mr. William Bettison, his brother-in-law, and Mr. Ken- 
 nedy, son-in-law to Mr. Bettison. The latter gentleman became sole 
 owner of the paper in 1844, and in March, 1848, he sold it to Mr. 
 Collins, its editor. The Advertiser of the 24th of that month con- 
 tains a letter from Mr. Bettison to Mr. Collins, in which occurs, 
 among others, the following highly complimentary passage: — "I 
 made up my mind never to part with the paper, unless to some one 
 as strongly devoted to the support of true reform principles as I was 
 myself. I looked upon the Advertiser as a public trust which I felt 
 bound only to deliver to one capable of carrying out the objects for 
 which it was first purchased by the Reform party. For six years 
 you have been its uncontrolled, irresponsible editor. By the fear- 
 less and able exercise of your talents and your industry, you have 
 obtained for it a larger circulation and a more commanding influ- 
 ence than it ever possessed before; and such is my unbounded 
 confidence in your personal and political integrity, that I believe 
 that I cannot perform a greater service to the liberal cause than by 
 committing the chief organ of the liberal party to your management 
 and direction." In October, 1858, Mr. Collins sold the paper to 
 the present proprietors of it, the " Yorkshire Printing and Publish- 
 ing Company.* The Advertiser is now published on Wednesdays 
 and Saturdays. 
 
 * E. F. Collins, Esq., the learned editor of the Hull Advertiser, was, according to a 
 volume of biographical notices of eminent " Temperance Reformers," published in 1860, 
 born in the North of Ireland in 1807, and at an early age was destined for one of the 
 the learned professions. During the agitation which preceded the passing of the 
 Eeform Bill of 1832, he wrote a pamphlet and dedicated it to Earl Grey, the then 
 Premier; and the reception which it met with determined him to devote his attention 
 to the study of politics. " He went to London, in 1831, with letters of introduction 
 to several members of the House of Commons, and especially to the late Joseph 
 Hume, then in the zenith of his well-merited popularity. So well pleased was the 
 veteran reformer with Mr. Collins, that he appointed him his private secretary, in 
 which confidential situation he continued, with ample opportunities of intercourse 
 with the leading reformers and other public men of the day, till, with the consent of 
 Mr. Hume, he became one of the sub-editors of the ' Sun ' newspaper, then among 
 the most enterprising of the London daily journals. His connection with the • Sun'
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-1IULL. 537 
 
 The Hull and Eastern Counties Herald was established in 1838 
 by its present proprietor, printer, and publisher, Mr. William Steph- 
 enson. It has passed through several shapes, and is published on 
 Thursdays. Its politics are liberal. 
 
 The Hull News, commenced in 1852, belongs also to Mr. Steph- 
 enson. It is of liberal politics, and is published on Saturdays. 
 The present editor of both papers is Mr. Richard Gale. 
 
 The Hull and North Lincolnshire Times was founded as a penny 
 Saturday journal in 1857, by the Messrs. Richard and Ebenezer 
 Wallis, proprietors of the Hull Packet. Mr. Ebenezer Wallis is 
 the publisher of it. 
 
 The Eastern Morning and Evening News is published daily, morn- 
 ing and evening. Its first number appeared on the 26th of January, 
 in the present year (1804). It is independent, but not neutral in 
 politics. Mr. William Hunt is the publisher and editor.* It is 
 somewhat remarkable that the office of this, the youngest news- 
 paper in Hull (30, Scale-lane), is that in which the Packet, the 
 
 continued from 1834 to 1841, when he agreed with his friend, Mr. W. Kennedy, just 
 appointed British Consul at Galveston, in Texas, to succeed him as editor of the 
 Hull Advertiser. Previous to that, Mr. Collins had, while writing for the ' Sun,' and 
 by the advice of Mr. Hume, entered himself a student in the Middle Temple, and 
 read law under an eminent barrister, with a view of adopting the law as a profession ; 
 but a dislike of speaking in public, and a dread of the precariousness too often at- 
 tendant upon the fortunes of a young lawyer without friends, so wrought upon him, 
 that he abandoned the pursuit, and was never called to the bar." The book from 
 which we quote then tells us how, ever since Mr. Collins's connection with the Hull 
 Advertiser, it has been one of the most unflinching of the reform, free-trade, peace, 
 temperance, and ultra-liberal journals in the North of England ; how, having dropped 
 in towards the close of a public meeting, in 1852, of the Hull Temperance League, 
 for the purpose of calling upon the Magistrates not to increase the number of public 
 houses iu the borough, by granting more licenses, the meeting cleverly contrived to 
 induce him to join the ranks of the temperance reformers — he being already con- 
 sidered a host in himself amongst political reformers; how the influence which he 
 was able to bring to bear upon public opinion, by the bold and uncompromising ad- 
 vocacy of teetotalism in the leading columns of the Hull Advertiser, was soon ex- 
 tensively felt in the East Fading of Yorkshire, and wherever the paper circulated or 
 was spoken of; and how he was for some time President of the Hull Temperance 
 League. 
 
 * William Hunt, Esq., is a native of Devonshire, and was for many years identified 
 as reporter, editor, and proprietor, with the newspaper press of the West of England. 
 Eor the last four years, before he removed from Plymouth to Hull, he was connected 
 with the editorial department of the Western Morning News, the leading newspaper of 
 the Western Counties. 
 
 3 z
 
 538 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 oldest paper in the town, was first published. Here, too, Etty, the 
 celebrated painter, served his apprenticeship to the printing business, 
 with Mr. R. Peck, a former publisher of the Packet ; and a pane of 
 one of the printing office windows contains two lines (a diamond 
 cutting) reputed to be his work. The lines are "Joshua Warwick 
 Daniel, bound apprentice to T. Lee and Co., on the 11th December, 
 1792 ;" but it is not known to whom they refer.* 
 
 The Hull Daily Express (daily, morning and evening) was estab- 
 lished January 1st, 1859, by Mr. John Matthew Hall, who sold it, 
 towards the end of that year, to Mr. Abel Hinchcliffe. From the 
 latter it was purchased, in June, 1863, by Mr. Joseph Temple; 
 and on the 1st of January, 1864, Mr. Temple (owing to indifferent 
 health) sold it to its present owner, printer, and publisher, Mr. 
 William Hill. It is independent iu politics. 
 
 The Hull Morning Telegraph was commenced in the year 1855, 
 during the Crimean war — being first established with a view of re- 
 porting the daily telegrams of the war. It has since continued to 
 be published daily, and has become an advertising medium. It was 
 the first Hull daily newspaper. Mr. Edward H. Holder is the 
 printer, proprietor, and publisher.! 
 
 * William Etty, R. A., " the poetic painter of the human form," was born at York, 
 in 1787, and apprenticed in Hull, in 1798. Having served his time, he adopted the 
 profession of an artist; studied under Sir T. Lawrence; and then travelled on the 
 continent. In 1827 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy; and after having 
 amassed a considerable fortune, he died at York, in 1849, and his remains were in- 
 terred in the Churchyard of St. Olave, in that city, attended by the Corporation and a 
 numerous body of his fellow citizens. Etty's biography was published a few years ago. 
 
 + A good whig newspaper, called the Rockingham, was established in Hull, in Jan- 
 uary, 1808, by a few gentlemen of the town and neighbourhood, among whom were 
 the Sykes family and the late Mr. J. C. Parker. Its first editor was W. Spence, Esq., 
 the eminent entomologist. He was succeeded by the Eev. George Lee, long a man 
 of mark here ; and the successor of the latter in the editorial office was his son, also 
 a Eev. George Lee. The Rockingham became defunct in December, 1843. 
 
 William Spence, Esq., F.R.S., and L.S., &c. (formerly a partner in the firm of 
 Blundell and Spence, Hull), was born at Bishop Burton, educated at Beverley, and 
 was for many years a resident in Drypool, Hull. It was here he became distinguished 
 by his writings on political economy, which made a great impression at the time of 
 their publication. It was in Hull too, that this remarkable man contracted that taste 
 for the study of insects which led to his introduction to the Rev. William Kirkby. 
 In conjunction, these gentlemen published " An Introduction to Entomology, or 
 Elements of Insects," which obtained for the authors a world wide reputation. The 
 work, in four thick 8vo. vols., has been translated into many continental languages.
 
 HISTORY OP KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 539 
 
 Waterworks. — Since the foundation of the town, down to a re- 
 cent period, the inhabitants of Hull laboured under a great incon- 
 venience for want of fresh water, and this loss not only occupied 
 continually the attention and excited the apprehensions of the 
 people, but it produced Star Chamber litigation, caused bloodshed in 
 the field, and death upon the scaffold. The very consequence of the 
 position from whence the town's peculiar fitness for maritime com- 
 merce arose, naturally debarred it from a good supply of fresh water, 
 and compelled a dependence upon extraneous sources. Scarcely 
 eighty years had elapsed since the place was made a royal borough, 
 when this privation was so acutely felt, that the decay of the town 
 seemed to be inevitable. In the last year of the reign of Edward 
 III. (1376) the Mayor and Burgesses represented to the King that 
 the town being situated upon the coast of the river Humber, and 
 built upon a salt soil, was greatly deficient of fresh water ; nor could 
 they procure any but such as was brought in boats out of Lincoln- 
 shire at a considerable expense; that the neighbouring villages of 
 Hessle, Anlaby, (Nottingham, and others, unmoved by their distress, 
 had combined together, and absolutely refused them any supply ; 
 and that the town of Hull would, in a short time, be totally ruined, 
 unless his Majesty would be graciously pleased to point out some 
 method by which their want of water might be effectually relieved. 
 The King immediately issued a commission to Michael de la Pole 
 and others, who met and determined that a large canal should be 
 immediately cut,, from Anlaby Spring, forty feet wide, to convey 
 fresh water to Hull. The inhabitants of these villages, however, 
 complained to his Majesty, and among other objections, stated that 
 the making of such a canal would considerably injure their lands; 
 whereupon another commission was issued, and a jury empanelled ; 
 but the death of the King prevented any permanent result from 
 those proceedings on either side. 
 
 Up to this period all was legitimate and peaceable, but the award 
 of the royal commission left feelings of irritation with the villagers. 
 
 A cheap edition of the popular portion of it was published in 1828. Mr. Spence's 
 knowledge was almost universal. He died in January, 1860. The late Mi-. W. B. 
 Spenee, his son, was also a clever entomologist, and collected a large cabinet of in- 
 sects, which is now in the possession of Mr. James Young, Bishop-lane, Hull.
 
 540 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 In the year 1392 another and a worse order of things ensued. In 
 the spring of this year nearly a thousand of the inhabitants of 
 Cottingham, Wolferton, Anlaby, and other neighbouring places 
 banded themselves together, in separate bodies, over which leaders 
 or captains were appointed, and armed themselves as well as they 
 could, and also bound themselves together by most solemn oath to 
 stand by and support each other, alleging that they entered into 
 this combination for the purpose of avenging themselves upon the 
 people of Hull for cutting up their fields and depriving them of 
 fresh water. They sent out marauding parties, who compelled 
 numbers to join their standard, under fear of personal violence, and 
 eventually laid siege to Hull, which they threatened to rase to the 
 ground. They diverted the course of the canals by which the town 
 was supplied with water, and they prevented provisions from being 
 conveyed into the town from the country. Finding that they were 
 not able to intimidate the townspeople, they withdrew in great dis- 
 order, and encamped at Cottingham. How long they continued 
 together, or what other acts of hostility they committed, is not re- 
 corded, but at the Yorkshire assizes following many of them received 
 sentence of death, and were executed, and others were pardoned on 
 certain conditions. 
 
 In 1402 the inhabitants of Hull again complained respecting 
 the inconvenience to which they were put in procuring the pure 
 beverage of nature. The reigning monarch (Henry IV.) was memo- 
 rialised, and the memorialists declared that many of them, through 
 the deprivation of fresh water, were obliged to leave the town, which 
 would soon be depopulated if some remedy were not applied. Upon 
 which, Henry appointed an inquisition composed of John Scroop, 
 Henry Percy, and others, who were empowered to devise and adopt 
 such means as they considered most fitting for supplying the town 
 with water. It was then decided that a canal, twelve feet broad 
 and five feet deep, should be cut from Julian's Well, through the 
 Anlaby meadows and pastures, to the gates of Hull, to be connected 
 with the wells of Derringham and the spring of Haltemprice ; and 
 a decree was obtained for the purpose. The conduit was to be 
 called Julian's Dyke, the authorities of the town were to take such 
 steps as should be necessary to preserve the fresh water " without
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-nULL. 541 
 
 cavil, molestation, or impediment, for ever," and the townspeople 
 began to hope that for the future they would have a good and plen- 
 tiful supply of water ; but once again they were doomed to disap- 
 pointment and contention, for when the canals were being cut, the 
 villagers, undismayed by the examples made after the former riots, 
 assembled in great multitudes and attacked the workmen, whom 
 they compelled to fly from their operations, filled up the excavations, 
 and cut the embankments. But as the number of the rioters was 
 not very considerable, they were soon after dispersed, and many 
 of them taken prisoners. After being detained some time in 
 prison at Hull, these delinquents were pardoned on condition that 
 they publicly prayed mercy and forgiveness from the Mayor, Bailiffs, 
 and Commonalty, and went " bare hede and bare fote, naked of bodie 
 in serk and breke, before procession on the Friday in the Fest of Na- 
 tiviti of our Ladi, ilk one wyth a serge in his hand of thre pond 
 wax birnand in his hande, about the Kirk of the Trinity, and held 
 ye serge birnand in the chancel, fra begining of the Mass unto time 
 of offering, and then offered the serge up, to bryne in Halidays, 
 whilk wil last in remembrance in part of satisfaction of their tres- 
 paus." This spiritual oblation was to be performed once in every 
 year; and it was ordered, that if they again transgressed in a like 
 manner, they were to forfeit one shilling to the Vicar, and to pay 
 ten pounds to the Chamberlain for repairing the walls of the town ; 
 and also, they were to do nothiug against the award made by the 
 Judge under pain of paying a fine of forty pounds to the Corporation. 
 A few years later this interminable bone of contention again ap- 
 peared. The people of Hessle, Anlaby, Cottingham, &c, notwith- 
 standing the severities inflicted upon former offenders, frequently 
 corrupted the fresh water, by throwing in carrion, or letting salt 
 water into the canals ; and damaged their banks. The magistrates 
 of Hull, who had in vain offered great rewards for the discovery of 
 the offenders, became, at length, so incensed at the obstinacy of 
 these malicious and daring offenders, who could not be restricted 
 through fear of temporal punishment, that they earnestly besought 
 Pope John XXII. to make use of the censures of the Church against 
 them ; but instead of hurling against them the thunders of the Va- 
 tican, the Holy Father issued an extraordinary writing, dated at
 
 542 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Kome the 20th of July, 1413, reminding those who, at the insti- 
 gation of Satan, had endeavoured to ruin the inhabitants of a large 
 and flourishing town, by depriving them of water, that they must 
 give a strict account of their deeds at the day of judgment, to re- 
 ceive according to their works ; and exhorting and praying every 
 one of them, by the bowels of charity, to contribute freely to the 
 maintenance of the watercourses, by which means they would in 
 some measure atone for their past offences, and, as much as in 
 them lay, he implored them to redress those grievances which they 
 themselves had occasioned ; and to all who should be instrumental 
 in promotiug this public work of such general utility, he offered the 
 release of one hundred days in any penance to which they might 
 be subjected on account of past transgressions. The good effects 
 of this gentle and affectionate appeal to the mutual charities and 
 sympathies of the contending parties were truly astonishing. From 
 that moment forward all attempts to poison or corrupt the water to 
 the town ceased. 
 
 In 1447 (25 Hen. VI.) the Corporation procured a charter, wit- 
 nessed by John, Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of all England, 
 and Legate of the Holy See, by which they and their successors 
 were empowered to purchase, obtain, or get a well or wells where- 
 soever it should please them, within the county of the town of 
 Kingston-upon-Hull, and to lead or bring water from the same into 
 the town, by conduits or pipes under the earth, or by any other con- 
 venient or necessary engines whatsoever. The Corporation there- 
 upon purchased certain springs called the Julian and Derringham 
 Springs, at Anlaby, then in the county of Hull, and they cut a 
 ditch to convey fresh water therefrom, and by meaus of waterworks 
 and pipes, they distributed the same to the town. 
 
 In 1515 circumstances occurred which showed the watchfulness 
 of the Corporation to seize upon every opportunity which might 
 present itself for securing fresh water to the town. We refer to the 
 Star Chamber suit, and subsequent battle, between the Sheriff of 
 Hull and the Prior of Haltemprice ; and the final agreement that 
 the Prior on his part yielded up all his rights in the springs of 
 Anlaby, and the Mayor and Burgesses would on theirs forego their 
 claims to the royalty of Willerby and Wolferton (See p. 61).
 
 HISTORY OF KJNGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 5-43 
 
 In the year 1613 a new era in the history of the fresh-water 
 supply of Hull may be said to have commenced. Notwithstanding 
 the great trouble and immense expense incurred to procure this in- 
 dispensible article of food, it was frequently found that in passing 
 through the moat or canal into the midst of the town, the water 
 became contaminated. To remedy this evil, the magistrates deter- 
 mined to avail themselves of the then scientific improvements in 
 waterworks, which had been found effectual in other places. Ac- 
 cordingly, in the above year, they invited to Hull three skilful en- 
 gineers (Richard Sharpeigh and William Maltby, of London, and 
 John Caye, of Nether-Langton, Lincolnshire), who, after examining 
 the locality, took a piece of ground of the Corporation, on a lease of 
 100 years, at the small annual rent of 5s.; and on this spot they 
 erected works, from which the water was conducted by pipes to all 
 parts of the town. In three years these works (which occupied a 
 a piece of ground on the east side of the way now called Engine- 
 street) were finished, at a great expense to the undertakers, and (as 
 Tickell says) to the unspeakable satisfaction of the inhabitants of 
 the town. In 1661 Ray observes of these waterworks, that the 
 water was drawn up by horses into two cisterns, by a device which 
 he had never seen before (See p. 135). 
 
 In 1680 fresh disputes arose between the people of Hull and those 
 of Anlaby and the adjacent villages, respecting the proper passages 
 for the conveyance of the surperfluous rain-water. It appears that 
 in consequence of the decay of the sluice at the head of the Julian 
 Dyke, the land waters and floods from Haltemprice-lane and Lea- 
 bridge fell into the said dyke, and thus polluted the fresh waters 
 which supplied the town from the Julian Well and Derringham 
 Springs. However, after examining the nuisance, the Commis- 
 sioners of Sewers ordered that instead of the ancient stoppage made 
 in Julian's Dyke, there should be erected a dam of brick or stone 
 about Derringham Springs, sufficient to prevent the land-water from 
 mixing with that which arose from the springs, and that the ex- 
 penses of this erection should be defrayed by the town of Hull, then 
 and for the future. 
 
 The then new waterworks in Hull continued to be wrought by 
 horses up to the year 1773, and at that period they were let on lease,
 
 544 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 for twenty-one years, to Mr. Meggison Wright, who immediately 
 applied that mighty power, which in a few years later almost revo- 
 lutionised the relations and social position of men. He erected a 
 steam-engine on the premises, but after a short time, being of a 
 rather primitive structure, it was found to be wholly inadequate to 
 supplying the wants of the increasing population in the localities 
 more distant from the works ; and, in consequence, at considerable 
 expense he introduced one of the large and powerful engines patented 
 by Boulton and Watt, of Birmingham. He also laid down pipes in 
 the more remote parts of the town; and as a mark of the sense en- 
 tertained by the Corporation of this gentleman's enterprise and spirit, 
 they presented him with £400. towards defra) ? ing a portion of the 
 expense of the works upon their completion. In the year 1790 it 
 was found to be necessary, from the increasing magnitude of the 
 town (there being then nearly twice as many persons paying the 
 water-rate as there were fifteen years before), to make further exten- 
 sion in the waterworks. Accordingly, means were taken for afford- 
 ing to the new suburban streets a supply of water twice a week ; 
 and an order was issued that a portion of the Spring Ditch should 
 be cleansed and arched over, and that posts and palings should be 
 fixed on the east side of the ditch, opposite to the Infirmary, so as 
 to prevent water from being taken out of it at that spot. Much 
 dissatisfaction prevailed, in consequence of the latter part of the 
 order being strictly carried out, for it was the only source from 
 whence many of the poorer persons in the neighbourhood could, 
 get water.* Some years later, the increased magnitude of the town 
 rendered a further extension of the works necessary. During the 
 year 1825 an unprecedented drought prevailed here. The water, 
 too, became charged with animalcule, and acquired a disagreeable 
 taste ; and the river became salt at the lowest ebb. The inhabitants 
 of Sculcoates determined to take steps towards procuring a constant 
 supply of river water, but the project, after much discussion, was 
 abandoned. 
 
 In February, 1830, the Mayor and Aldermen made a bench order 
 
 * The Spring Ditch from the new Engine-honse to the town was afterwards filled 
 up, and on a portion of its site, in the centre of a fine broad street called Spring-bank, 
 a row of trees was planted.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 545 
 
 for the removal of the waterworks, or rather for the erection of new 
 ones in a more commodious situation, and upon an enlarged scale. 
 The site fixed upon was at the side of the Spring Ditch, near 
 the entrance to the present Cemetery. The works consisted of 
 a large reservoir, and an engine-house, on the top of which was 
 placed an iron tank weighing thirty tons, and capable of con- 
 taining 59,793 gallons — about four times the quantity of the old 
 one. The tank was supplied from the reservoir, by a pump worked 
 by an engine of twenty horse power. The pump delivered 116 
 gallons per stroke, and 2,704 gallons per minute. 
 
 When the cholera visited Hull, the General Board of Health sent 
 down an officer to examine the sanitary condition of the place, 
 and he reported that the supply of water was too meagre for the 
 health, cleanliness, and general sanitary purposes of the town. The 
 Corporation then began to devise the best plan they could for sup- 
 plying the borough with a sufficient quantity of water. For that 
 purpose a Water Committee was appointed in 1838, and they were 
 occupied for two or three years in enquiring into the matter. In 
 consequence of the variety of opinions submitted to them on the 
 subject, they, in the early part of 1842, applied to Mr. Thomas 
 Wickstead, an eminent hydraulic engineer in London, to form satis- 
 factory estimates, to ascertain how far the existing supply of water 
 was adequate to the wants of the town, and where a better could be 
 obtained. This gentleman tested the old springs, and reported that 
 they could not be depended upon for half a million of gallons per 
 day. He then, after making a survey of the neighbourhood, recom- 
 mended a plan for procuring 2,400,000 gallons of water per day 
 from the river Hull, at an expense of about £60,000. That quantity 
 was an immense increase upon the old supply, and the only question 
 was whether the quality of the water would be such as the inhabi- 
 tants would desire; but, however, Mr. Wickstead's recommendation 
 was ultimately adopted by the Corporation ; though not without 
 considerable opposition from a miuority of their own body, and a 
 party in the town, the leaders of which were Dr. James Alderson, 
 Dr. Horner, and Messrs. J. Tall, J. Armstrong, J. Fulham, J. 
 Baynes, A. Mc. Crorie, and J. Matthewson. A smart controversy 
 was for a time kept up through the local press, but it ultimately 
 
 4 a
 
 546 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 seemed to emerge into political party feeling. The Corporation 
 conquered. A Mr. Pearsall was selected to test the quality of the 
 river water, an Act of Parliament was obtained (in June, 1843) " for 
 better supplying with water the borough of Kingston-upon-Hull," 
 and on the 29th of April, 1844, the foundation stone of the Stone- 
 ferry Waterworks was laid by Mr. Alderman Thompson, Chairman 
 of the Waterworks Committee, in the presence of the Corporation 
 and a great concourse of people. The works being finished, the 
 first complete supply of water from them was issued on the 24th of 
 August, 1845. On the evening of that day a large assemblage of 
 influential gentlemen dined together at the Public Piooms, to cele- 
 brate the completion of the works — the Mayor (Joseph Jones, Esq.) 
 presiding. 
 
 After some time a cry was raised against the quality of the tidal 
 river water. It was said to be both muddy and salt, at intervals. 
 The people began to consider that they were drinking the water of a 
 river which received the sewage of the towns of Beverley and Drif- 
 field, and when the cholera made its appearance here for the second 
 time, the town suffered more than any other in the kingdom. The 
 inhabitants generally were aroused, and cried out for the water of 
 the pure springs which were to them hallowed by time and so many 
 associations ; they could not be persuaded that the river water was 
 good, though analytical chemists had told them it was. Ultimately 
 dissatisfaction became so general that the Town Council brought 
 down from London, Mr. James Simpson, C.E., and his attention 
 was directed to Spring Head. His opinion was that the springs, at 
 the utmost, could not supply more than 1,000,000 gallons per 24 
 hours, and that if anything like that quantity was to be derived 
 from them, there must be five or six bores, and those at a consider- 
 able distance from each other, so that they would have to go over 
 the whole parish of Anlaby to obtain those bores. The Corpora- 
 tion then resolved that no further attempt should be made to pro- 
 cure water from Spring Head. Mr. Simpson's attention was then 
 directed to Mr. Wickstead's plan, and he reported that the best place 
 from which a good supply of pure water could be procured was from 
 West Beck, Driffield, whence some 7,000,000 gallons per day might 
 be obtained, at a cost of £85,000. Mr. Simpson spent £1,200. in
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 547 
 
 making mere experiments, which ended in nothing. In May, 1857, 
 the Waterworks Committee directed their then resident engineer 
 (Mr. Marillier, who was also of opinion that the old springs would 
 not yield a sufficient supply of water for the town) to take levels on 
 the river, from Wawne to Hull Bridge, with the view of finding the 
 most eligible situation for taking water from and bringing it to the 
 Stoneferry works ; but it was afterwards discovered that an Act of 
 Parliament would be necessary to enable them to carry out their 
 plan. 
 
 In January, 1858, Mr. William Warden, of Hull (who in 1843 
 deepened the well and fixed the pumps at the Hessle Railway 
 Station, for supplying the locomotive engines with water, and had 
 other practical experience of the state of the springs in the neigh- 
 bourhood, and who had witnessed the inefficient manner in which 
 the springs had been tested), challenged the opinions of the three 
 engineers before mentioned, by making an offer to the Waterworks 
 Committee to procure 5,000,000 gallons of pure water per day from 
 Spring Head. " I am quite satisfied from practical knowledge 
 (wrote this gentleman to the Committee) that there is a sufficient 
 supply of pure water to be obtained from the Derringham Springs 
 to supply Hull, if it required three times the quantity it now does." 
 He also added : " The fresh coming down the river Hull and the 
 Spring Head water are both from the same source; by taking the 
 water from the springs you get it purely filtered from the great 
 natural stream, in its course to the Humber, through the fissures of 
 the chalk stone ; by takiug it from the river you get it impregnated 
 with all kinds of filth." He then suggested that after a plentiful 
 supply, by boring, had been obtained at Spring Head, that a stand- 
 pipe and engine might be erected there, and a main pipe laid down 
 to be joined at the nearest point to the main of the Stoneferry works. 
 
 Mr. Warden's offer was ultimately accepted, and iu March, 1860, 
 a special Committee, called the Derringham Springs Committee, was 
 appointed to superintend his operations. His mode of procedure 
 was of the simplest character, merely making artesian bores of suffi- 
 cient capacity, and placing pumps over them of sufficient calibre, to 
 give the required quantity of water. He made two of those bores 16 
 inches in diameter, one being 252 feet, and the other 400 feet deep,
 
 548 HISTOET OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 and these gave, without pumping, 2,000,000 gallons of water per 
 day.* On the 26th of September, 1860, Mr. Warden gave the Com- 
 mittee a one day's pumping test, which was entirely successful ; and 
 on the evening of that day, in consequence of the unlooked for result, 
 he was entertained at a bauquet at the Vittoria Hotel, the Mayor 
 presiding. In proposing " Mr. Warden and success to the Spring 
 Head experiment," Mr. Alderman Gresham, Chairman of the Der- 
 ringham Springs Committee (who occupied the chair for some time 
 before the arrival of the Mayor), gave a concise history of the Water- 
 works for about thirty years.f In his speech in reply to the toast, 
 Mr. Warden stated that he was " confident that the subterranean 
 sheet of water in the locality was so abundant that it was impossible 
 to exhaust it." 
 
 Ou the last days of December, 1860, Mr. Warden's experiments 
 were put to a six days and six nights pumping test, two large tanks 
 having been prepared for it ; and the result was favourable to him — 
 and, through him, to the town. In most inclement weather, with 
 inadequate machinery, he raised the enormous quantity of upwards 
 of 20,000 tons of water per day, equal to about 4^- million gallons for 
 every 24 hours working. The water was analysed by three eminent 
 chemists, Mr. Taylor, of London, Mr. Brazier, of Aberdeen, and 
 Mr. Sollitt, of Hull ; and all declared (in effect) the water to be 
 second to none in the kingdom. In January, 1861, the Town 
 Council agreed that it was not desirable to continue the operations 
 at Spring Head for a further supply, to test Mr. Warden's experi- 
 
 * Boring for water was first practised at Arluise, in France, and hence the term 
 Artesian Well. The most remarkable of these bores or wells is that at Grenelle, in 
 Paris. It occupied no less than six years of almost incredible labour, and then at the 
 depth of about 1800 feet, the water came boiling up in such quantity and with such 
 force, as to inundate the whole district. Artesian Wells were introduced into Eng- 
 land about 75 years ago. 
 
 + To Mr. Alderman Gresham's speech, as reported in the newspapers, and to the 
 published " Minutes " of the Waterworks Committees we are indebted for all that 
 concerns the water supply to the town of late years. Mr. Gresham, who had considered 
 the water question deeply, and had the private opinions of some practical men in 
 other places, has ever been the consistent advocate of the Spring Head experiments. 
 In August, 1843, he declared to the Corporation that in his opinion tbere was " water 
 in the springs sufficient to supply a town ten times the size of Hull."
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-TJPON-HULI,. 549 
 
 merits ; and they declared themselves satisfied with the experiments 
 already made.* 
 
 The Town Council, now that the water had been procured, deter- 
 mined to erect works at Spring Head, and to lay pipes to convey 
 the water to Stoneferry, from whence it might be pumped into the 
 town, so that in case of any emergency, or the supply falling short, 
 they would still have the river water to resort to. The work of 
 digging the trenches, &c. for conveying the water to Stoneferry was 
 inaugurated on the 27th of January, 1862, when the Mayor (Z. C. 
 Pearson, Esq.) turned the first sod at Stoneferry, in the presence 
 of the Corporation and a large number of people. The works at 
 Spring Head commenced in the following month, under the super- 
 intendence of a new Resident Engineer, Mr. Thomas Dale. This 
 gentleman pledged his word to the Waterworks Committee, that the 
 inhabitants should be supplied with the Spring Head water in the 
 July of the same year ; and by very great exertions he fulfilled his 
 promise ; for on the 14th of that month the overflow of the springs 
 was turned on to the Stoneferry works, and after that date the 
 town was supplied with water as far as practicable until the ma- 
 chinery should be completed.! In January, 1864, the engineer 
 
 * Mr. Warden accomplished a great undertaking, and the people of Hull owe him 
 a deep debt of gratitude. "With limited means, and in the midst of considerable 
 opposition (not the less so because it was not always open and direct) he has procured 
 for the town one of the greatest earthly blessings, an abundant supply of pure, bright, 
 sparkling, and refreshing spring water. Three civil engineers and some of the wisest 
 men in Hull had repeatedly declared that the old springs could not produce less than 
 a fourth part of the water necessary for the requirements of the borough; and yet he 
 has proved the fallacy of all this, and by so doing he has bestowed upon the town a 
 priceless boon. His knowledge of the water-bearing character of the district, together 
 with his indomitable " pluck " has enabled him to take rank amongst the benefactors 
 of his native town ; and that is not a trivial position. 
 
 + It was natural to expect that so important a ceremony as that of turning on the 
 water, and thereby effecting a junction between the two sets of waterworks, could not 
 pass over without some outward demonstration taking place. Accordingly, from an 
 early hour on the above mentioned day, the bells of the various Churches rung forth 
 their merry peals ; multitudes of people wended their way to the scene of action after 
 mid-day; and about two o'clock the Mayor (Z. C. Pearson, Esq.), and most of the 
 members of the Town Council arrived. The unfinished engine-house and the other 
 buildings were gaily decked out with flags and banners, and a band of musicians 
 enlivened the scene. The enthusiasm of the people was great, and about 250 of the 
 workmen attempted to take the horses from the Mayor's carriage, and pull it them- 
 selves with ropes ; but, being accompanied by the Mayoress, his Worship refused to
 
 550 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 reported that all the boring and excavating was completed, and 
 that probably six or seven million gallons of water per diem may- 
 be obtained when the two engines got to work. 
 
 During the progress of the works great engineering difficulties 
 were met with, owing to the peculiarly flinty nature of the ground ; 
 but all the difficulties having been overcome, and the bores being 
 completed, the ceremony of inaugurating the engines was performed 
 in an unostentatious manner, on the 29th of the same month (Jan. 
 1864), in the presence of the Mayor (J. Lumsden, Esq.) and the 
 Waterworks Committee. After examining the works his Worship 
 requested Mr. Alderman Jackson to start the engine to which his 
 name had been given; and immediately after he desired Mr. Alder- 
 allow them. The pleasing ceremony of turning the water into the pipes was per- 
 formed by Mr. Alderman Mayfield, Chairman of the Waterworks Committee, at the 
 request of the Mayor, and with a splendid key, which the Mayor presented to him for 
 that purpose. The key was designed and manufactured by Messrs. Latham and 
 Co., ironmangers, Whitefriar-gate, and is double gold electro plated on brass It 
 is three feet long, the cross-bar or handle being twelve inches, and it weighs about 
 half a cwt. At the bottom is a lotus flower, and running up the stem is the may- 
 blossom, the upper part being adorned with the Hull coat of arms, and the crest 
 of Alderman Mayfield, a lioness, with a piece of mayfiower in its mouth. It is 
 inscribed : — " Presented by the Worshipful the Mayor of Kingston-upon-Hull, Z. 
 C. Pearson, Esq., to Alderman Mayfield, July 14, 1862. Thomas Dale, Esq., En- 
 gineer." On the obverse side was the inscription : — " With this key Alderman May- 
 field turned on the first flow of water from Spring Head to Stoneferry ; Alderman 
 Mayfield, Chairman. Forma Flos Fama Flatus." The key was enclosed in a beau- 
 tiful walnut case, on the top of which is an oval silver plate, with the crest, coat of 
 arms, and motto of Mr. Alderman Mayfield. 
 
 In his speech on this occasion, the Mayor passed a high eulogium on Mr. Warden 
 (who was present by invitation) for the scientific knowledge he had displayed, and 
 the determination he had shewn in procuring so great a boon for the people of Hull; 
 and he complimented the Waterworks Committee, and congratulated the town on 
 being possessed of so energetic an officer as Mr. Dale, the resident engineer, who 
 (he said) had used the most strenuous exertions to expedite the work. Mr. Alder- 
 man Mayfield too spoke in terms of high praise of the great energy and ability which 
 Mr. Dale had displayed in carrying on this undertaking, of the engineering skill which 
 he had made manifest, and of the toil of brain and body he had endured since the works 
 had commenced. The contractors were also complimented. Mr. Warden, in return- 
 ing thanks, endorsed all that had been said in reference to Mr. Dale's ability ; and Mr 
 Dale passed a warm eulogium on the Waterworks Committee, and moree specially the 
 Chairman. The Mayor and Corporation then proceeded to Stoneferry, accompanied 
 by a band of music, to view the water as it flowed into the reservoir. They after- 
 wards partook of a luncheon in a large marquee at the works. The Mayor presided. 
 The men employed on the works too were regaled with an excellent repast in a tent 
 erected for that purpose at Spring Head.
 
 H1ST0UY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 551 
 
 man Fountain to perform the same duty with the engine called 
 after him. The " Jackson " and "Fountain" engines then com- 
 menced their course amidst great cheering. The company after- 
 wards adjourned to the Engineer's office, where they partook of lun- 
 cheon. Mr. Alderman Mayfield, in proposing the Mayor's health, 
 remarked that they had " seen the consummation of an important 
 event which had long heen anxiously looked forward to hy the whole 
 of the inhabitants of the town ; " and he eulogised " the energetic 
 character," the " undefatigable energy and industry " of Mr. Dale, the 
 Engineer, who had " brought this important matter to a successful 
 issue." The Mayor in his speech observed that they had proved 
 on that day " that there was an ample supply of pure spring water 
 to the town from the source, of which, three years ago, he had very 
 grave doubts." Mr. Dale, in responding to the toast of his " health," 
 referred to the engineering difficulties which he had to contend with 
 during the past two years ; and spoke in terms of great praise of 
 the superiority of the engines (which were manufactured by the 
 Kirkstall Forge Company, and erected under the superintendence 
 of Mr. Butler, of that firm), and concluded by proposing the health 
 of Mr. Warden, the " pioneer of the undertaking." The river water 
 was entirely shut off on the previous day.* 
 
 With the exception of the two bores made by Mr. Warden, the 
 whole of the Spring Head Works, including the buildings, were 
 designed by, and carried out under the superintendence of Mr. Dale 
 — no other engineer or architect being employed. Indeed, since 
 this gentlemen entered upon his office, the Corporation have not 
 found it necessary to seek the advice or opinion of any other Civil 
 Engineer; so that Mr. Dale has been both their Consulting and 
 Resident Engineer. The buildings of the Spring Head Waterworks 
 form an ornamental pile of red and white brick, with cut stone 
 finishings. The windows are circular-headed. The stately chim- 
 ney is very fine. The tower stands in the centre of the engine-house, 
 on its south side. In shape it is square with an octangular cupola, 
 
 * In the course of the new works there were found between Stoneferry and Rose 
 Cottage, at different depths, certain coins, consisting of one of a King Edward, three 
 of Queen Elizabeth, one of Henry VIII., half a dozen of Georges I. and II., and one 
 of Leopold, King of the Belgians. Also a portion of the oak keel of an old boat.
 
 552 HISTORY OP KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 having a window in each of its eight sides, from which the views 
 are pleasant. Its front exhibits a shield of the arms of Hull. The 
 old springs have been arched over, and the boiler-house stands 
 upon a part of the site; another portion of them is left open, but 
 guarded by ornamental iron work. The openings of the bores, made 
 by Mr. Warden, are protected by low circular walls topped with 
 stone coping, and dome-shaped palisading, surmounted by the Cor- 
 poration arms. The grounds are laid out with taste, and there is 
 a pillared and double-gated entrance to them. An iron tramway 
 occupies a portion of the line of the old Spring Ditch. 
 
 The Waterworks themselves consist chiefly of a pumping shaft, 
 14 feet in diameter, 71£ feet deep, lined with cast iron cylinders to 
 a depth of 40 feet, with a bore at the bottom of the shaft 18 inches 
 in diameter and 210 in depth; the erection of two condensing en- 
 gines, 60 horse power each ; the building of an ornamental tower 
 for the chimney and stand-pipe, as well as an engine-house, boiler- 
 house, store-rooms, cottage for the engine driver, the boundary wall, 
 &c. ; the filling up of the Spring Ditch and making of a road to 
 the works, and laying i\ miles of cast iron main pipes from Spring 
 Head to Stoneferry. The number of pipes used for the latter item 
 was 2,800, of 25 inch bore, and each pipe weighed 22 cwt. 
 
 The cost of the Spring Head Works (exclusive of anything that 
 Mr. Warden accomplished) was £50,844. The chief items were 
 £13,470. for the 25-inch cast-iron pipes for conveying the water to 
 Stoneferry (the pipes and matters connected therewith, and the 
 laying of them cost altogether the sum of £19,580.) ; the tramway 
 and siding, £2,937. ; the shaft sinking, £4,604. ; the Kirkstall Forge 
 Company, for the erection of the engines, pumps, &c, £8,432. ; and 
 the building contract, £8,293.* 
 
 Spring Head is situated at the south-west extremity of Cotting- 
 
 * For these figures and much more information on the subject of the Spring Head 
 works, we are indebted to a long and comprehensive " Report of Mr. Dale, Resident 
 Engineer to the Hull Waterworks Committee, on Completing the New Works at 
 Spring Head." This pamphlet extends to 27 pages 8vo., and was printed for the 
 Corporation in February, 1864. Mr. Dale is also the author of an admirable lecture 
 entitled, "A Voice from the Workshop," delivered by him at the Hull Mechanics' 
 Institution, in 1863, and afterwards published by special request for the benefit of the 
 Hull Ragged and Industrial Schools.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 553 
 
 bam parish, nearly four miles distant from Hull. The area of the 
 works there is 3,100 square yards. 
 
 In the course of the excavations at Spring Head, the buildings of 
 the dam, which was erected about the springs in 1680 (noticed at 
 p. 543), were met with. 
 
 The original works at Stoneferry cost £58,000. ; and those that 
 have been since erected there have swelled that sum to a total of 
 £92,808. When the works were first opened they consisted of an 
 engine-house (in which were two direct acting engines, each of 60 
 horse power), boiler-house, a stand-pipe tower capable of supplying 
 water to the highest points in the town, a subsiding reservoir and 
 filter bed covering about three acres, and capable of containing about 
 5,000,000 gallons, an entrance basin, flood-gates, and some cottages 
 and offices. In 1850 a second engine-house was erected, and a single 
 acting engine placed in it of 170 horse power, called the " Thompson 
 Engine," in compliment of Alderman Thompson. Again, in 1862, 
 it was thought necessary to erect a third engine and engine-house, 
 and an additional filter bed (a circular one) capable of holding 
 3,000,000 gallons of water. The last-mentioned engine is called 
 after Alderman Mayfield, the " Mayfield Engine," and is of 220 
 horse power.* The stand-pipe tower is 174 feet high ; one of the 
 boiler-house chimneys is 135 feet, and another 130 feet high. A neat 
 and commodious residence for the engineer was erected in 1850, and 
 a large garden is attached to it. The area of the entire works, &c, 
 is about fourten acres. 
 
 The Baths in connexion with the Waterworks are noticed at p. 528. 
 
 The Chairman of the Waterworks Committee is Mr. Alderman 
 Mayfield ; the Kesident Engineer, as before intimated, is Mr. Tho- 
 mas Dale ; and the Assistant Engineer is Mr. Samuel Crewe. 
 
 Botanic Gardens. — The Botanic Gardens, whose entrance gate 
 
 * It certainly seems most extraordinary that in the face of Mr. Warden's operations 
 at Spring Head, in the year 1862, it should he considered necessary to enlarge the 
 Stoneferry works, at a cost of ahout £17,000. Whilst so promising an experiment was 
 heing tried at Spring Head, most prudent men would stay further proceedings at 
 Stoneferry. But it was not so. The Mayfield Engine was erected at Stoneferry, 
 whereas, with a little less precipitancy in the business on the part of the Corpf ration, 
 it would soon be as patent to that body, as it must at present be, that the £17,000. 
 should be expended at Spring Head. 
 
 4 B
 
 554 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-DPON-HULL. 
 
 forms the termination to Linnseus-street, was, we believe, the second 
 institution of the kind founded by a provincial town in this country ; 
 the first being that of Liverpool. In the early part of the year 
 1811, a few gentlemen met together to discuss the plausibility of 
 establishing an institution of this kind ; and when we find such 
 names as Watson, the eminent dendrologist, Kirby and Spence, so 
 famed in the kindred science of entomology, among these, it may 
 be readily assumed that the result of the meeting was of so satis- 
 factory a character that on the 3rd of June, 1812, the present gar- 
 dens, then of course in an infant state, were opened to the pro- 
 prietors. For many years they maintained a high character for 
 scientific excellence, but like too many other kindred institutions, 
 the botanical character began gradually to disappear, and some fif- 
 teen years ago, beyond the title, was all but extinct. We have, 
 however, great pleasure in recording the fact that at the present 
 time, while the popular eye looks during the summer for the gaudy 
 parterre and the trim grass on which to promenade, and is not dis- 
 appointed ; the more refined eye of the botanist will likewise find 
 in the extensive collection of herbaceous and alpine plants, many 
 botanical rarities ; and those, too, all arranged and classified in their 
 natural orders — a circumstance, which we need scarcely observe, is 
 of the greatest importance to the students of this delightful science. 
 The gardens are about six acres in extent, well surrounded with a 
 belt of plantation, which, during the summer, gives a perfectly 
 secluded character to this delightful retreat ; but owing to its close 
 proximity to the town, the evergreen shrubs suffer more and more 
 every year. This, however, is counterbalanced by other important 
 advantages. 
 
 The principal feature of the garden is a range of hot-houses 
 which, by the way, being erected nearly fifty years, presents a rather 
 antiquated appearance. These are at all seasons of the year well 
 supplied with flowering plants. In the warmer section or stove, we 
 find the date and cabbage palms, also the bananas, the cinnamon, 
 all-spice, rice paper plant, sugar cane, coffee, and many other such 
 plants, interesting for their economic or medicinal value. In the 
 cooler section we find so large a collection of New Holland and Cape 
 plants, that during the winter time at least appear to require double
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 555 
 
 or treble the extent of space to do them justice. In front of this 
 range of glass is an oval pond with a handsome white marble foun- 
 tain in the centre, -which has recently been presented to the garden. 
 Surrouuding this pond is a considerable extent of open lawn, on 
 which, during the summer time, the Floral Exhibitions take place ; 
 and beyond this, leading up to a Summer House at the extreme 
 south end of the gardens, is a walk, with flower beds, shrubs, and 
 rustic baskets tastefully arranged along its sides. A considerable 
 space is devoted to a collection of hardy herbaceous plants, each bed 
 containing the representatives of a natural order, and each plant 
 properly and legibly named. This collection numbers above 2,000 
 species. Returning to the back of the hot-houses, we find a small 
 house devoted almost exclusively to ferns and lycopods, as well as 
 other rare and interesting plants ; and a propagating house, which 
 has recently been added. In front of these two structures are ar- 
 ranged one of the largest collections of alpine plants in the country 
 — numbering nearly 1,000 species — each plant in a separate pot, 
 neatly named and classified in their natural orders. Besides these, 
 there are thousands of duplicates in small pots, by means of ex- 
 changing which, the Curator is enabled annually to increase his 
 collection. A considerable number of rhododendrons and other 
 American plants have been especially provided for as regards soil, 
 and form, in the month of June, a very gay feature. Associated 
 with these are a great many forms of our hardy heaths — beautiful 
 under all circumstances, as all will say who have seen the gorgeous 
 effect of the " heather hills," when covered with the crimson bloom 
 of autumn. On each side of the entrance gate of the gardens is a 
 lodge ; one the residence of the curator, Mr. James C. Niven, and the 
 other is a Committee Room, which is used also during the summer 
 months by Mr. Niven as a lecture room, where he delivers three 
 lectures each week in his capacity as Botanical Lecturer to the Hull 
 School of Medicine — an honourable position which he has filled for 
 the last nine years.* A pretty sure criterion of the prosperity of this 
 institution is the fact that last year, after all the vicissitudes of a 
 
 * Mr. J. C. Niven, who was appointed Curator in 1853, came hither from the 
 celebrated Kew Gardens, having been selected out of fifty, who had been previously 
 examined for advancement on account of qualification.
 
 556 HISTOEY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 half century's existence, its committee were enabled to present to 
 the proprietors a most satisfactory and prosperous report, accom- 
 panied by a balance sheet, showing the largest amount of income 
 ever received in one year since the establishment of the gardens ; 
 accompanied too by a list of subscribers numbering between 500 and 
 600. The President of the Committee is W. H. Moss, Esq. 
 
 Hull and East Riding Floral and Horticultural Society. — This 
 society has been in existence about forty years. Mr. David Brown, 
 its originator, still lives, and resides in Hull. The first supporters, 
 organizers, and exhibitors of the society were the late Dr. Horner 
 (a very giant among the florists of that day) ; Mr. J. Heward, great 
 in tulips and ranunculuses ; the late Mr. S. Beecroft, also celebrated 
 for his recherche collection of tulips ; Mr. M. Bell, Mr. Lambert, 
 and Mr. Dunn, the then Curator of the Botanic Gardens. Dahlias 
 at that time had scarcely attracted the notice of florists — the staple 
 of the exhibitions being roses, pinks, tulips, auriculas, and ranun- 
 culuses. About 25 years ago a new society was established in Hull, 
 under the patronage and presidency of the late Mr. S. Boyle ; but 
 this was eventually amalgamated with the parent society. Several 
 amateur and other societies have from time to time sprung up in the 
 town, but a few years have generally found them non est inventus. 
 In the past few years there has been but one society in the town, 
 and during that period its days, too, seemed numbered ; but new 
 vigour seems again to have been instilled into its veins, and it now 
 bids fair, in the excellence of its arrangements and the extent of its 
 exhibitions, to be no mean rival even to York itself. For this 
 healthy position the society is mainly indebted to the good taste and 
 great exertions of the Secretary, Mr. G. H. Lovell. The society 
 has held two " shows " at the Botanic Gardens, which were very 
 successful. It possesses a good list of special patrons, and W. H. 
 Moss, Esq., is President of the Committee. 
 
 Cemetery, Spring-bank. — In the early part of the year 1856 in- 
 tramural interment in the borough was abolished. All the burial 
 grounds and vaults, in connection with the churches and chapels in 
 the town, were then closed, except the place of interment of the 
 Jews, which is to remain open till the 1st of February, 1857 ; and 
 no new burial ground can henceforth be opened in the borough, or
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 557 
 
 within two miles thereof, without the previous approval of one of 
 her Majesty's Secretaries of State. 
 
 The public opening of the cemetery took place on June 2nd, 1847, 
 when B. M. Jalland, Esq., the Mayor, performed the ceremony of lay- 
 ino the first stone of the entrance lodge, in the presence of a number 
 of the directors and shareholders, and a large concourse of the prin- 
 cipal inhabitants of the town. " All present (says one of the journals) 
 seemed to hail the opening of this extensive plot of ground, for the 
 purpose of interment, as a real and great blessing, and virtually to bid 
 a glad farewell to those burial-places where a grave cannot be dug 
 without a profane and disgusting inroad upon others, and the rev- 
 elation of scenes from which humanity shudderingly recoils." The 
 Chairman of the Cemetery Company, in presenting the Mayor with 
 a handsome silver trowel bearing a suitable inscription, stated, that 
 the cemetery had been commenced by gentlemen of various religious 
 denominations, at a time when the pressing necessities of this borough 
 loudly called for a place of sepulture for the safe deposit of the dead, 
 on a large and comprehensive plan. The Mayor then laid the 
 stone, beneath which a plate and a bottle, together with coins of the 
 present reign, were deposited. The substance of the inscription on 
 the plates was that the foundation stone was laid by the Mayor, in 
 the presence of John Lee Smith, Esq., Sheriff, and a large assembly, 
 on the day and year above mentioned ; and then followed the name 
 of the architect (Mr. Cuthbert Brodrick,) and the first officers of 
 the company. The bottle contained a document of which the fol- 
 lowing is a copy : — 
 
 " Hull General Cemetery Company, established 1846.— This Company was established 
 under the provisions of the Act 7 and 8 Vic, c. 110, in 1,000 shares of £\0. each, for 
 the purpose of providing more decent interment for the dead of all classes and denom- 
 inations in the vicinity of Hull, the existing grave-yards there having beeome crowded 
 to excess, and the most indecent trespasses on the quiet repose of the grave having 
 been committed, together with the fact of a rapidly increasing population, rendered it 
 inevitable that such a change should take place ; — the health of the public also impera- 
 tively demanded that the resting-places for the dead should be further removed from 
 the abode of the living." 
 
 The stone being fixed in its abiding place, one of the directors 
 read the license of his grace the Archbishop of York for the perform- 
 ance of the religious rites of the Established Church over the dead, 
 in that part of the grounds which had been set out and dedicated to
 
 558 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 the interment of the dead, according to the rites of the Church of 
 England, and for no other purpose whatever, for ever. This ground 
 was consecrated on the 28th of August, in the same year, by the 
 Lord Bishop of Bangor. 
 
 The first stone of the mortuary Chapel was laid in the year 1859, 
 by the then Mayor, and the silver trowel used on the occasion, 
 and afterwards presented to his worship, bore this inscription : — 
 " Hull General Cemetery Company. The foundation stone of the 
 Chapel, on ground appropriated to the Local Board of Health, as 
 the Burial Board for the borough, was laid by the Worshipful the 
 Mayor, Martin Samuelson, Esq., October 3rd, 1859." A bottle 
 deposited in the stone contained a parchment document, inscribed 
 to the effect, that the stone was laid as above-mentioned, in the 
 presence of the Board of Health, the proprietors of the cemetery, and 
 their friends. The brass plate that was also placed in the cavity 
 bore the following inscription. 
 
 " Hull General Cemetery Company, established under the provisions of the Act 1th and 
 8th Victoria, cap, 110, 1846; subsequently incorporated by Act of Parliament, 17th and 
 18th Victoria, 1854." 
 
 " The plot of ground surrounding this Chapel, and containing 24,200 superficial 
 square yards, was appropriated by the said Company to the Local Board of Health, as 
 the burial board for the borough of Kingston-upon-Hull, from the 1st day of August, 
 1859, for the term of 500 years, as and for the place of burial for the bodies of the parish- 
 ioners and inhabitants of the said borough, and of such other persons as might law- 
 fully have been interred in the old burial grounds of the said borough, in case this 
 plot of ground had not been so appropriated." Then followed the names of the 
 officers of the company. 
 
 This Chapel is octangular in shape, and one half of it stands on 
 consecrated ground. A second Chapel was subsequently built in 
 another part of the grounds, solely for the sepulchral rite of the 
 Church of England. This is a neat Early English edifice, consist- 
 ing of a porch, body or nave, and vestry — the latter having the ap- 
 pearance of a chancel exteriorly. In 1863 a third Chapel was 
 erected for the especial use of Nonconformists : it is a pretty Gothic 
 structure. 
 
 The entrances to the cemetery form a handsome range of six 
 large double gates, eight stone piers, and three lodges. The centre 
 lodge (the residence of the Registrar) is a very neat Gothic structure, 
 with three gables crowned with stone crosses, an open turret, and an
 
 HISTORY OF KINGST0N-UP0N-HULL. 559 
 
 oriel window. This lodge and the gate piers are ornamented with 
 heads, crockets, and finials. The cemetery grounds (now about 20 
 acres) were tastefully laid out by Mr. John Shields, and they are so 
 efficiently drained that they are constantly dry at the depth of ten 
 feet. " Here the visitor (says a writer in a local paper a few years 
 ago) is at once struck with the idea of the quiet and continued re- 
 pose of the tenants of these graves and tombs ; and as he prome- 
 nades and gazes upon the beautiful scenery that meets him at every 
 turn, the impression caused by the coldness and dampness of the 
 grave — so chilling to human nature — is almost instantly annihilated, 
 and succeeded by a melancholy satisfaction, which inspires a wish 
 that this may be the last resting-place of his earthly tabernacle, 
 when his spirit shall have returned to Him who gave it." 
 
 The Borough Burial Ground consists of five acres of the cemetery 
 which the Board of Health purchased of the Cemetery Company in 
 1862. Up to the 21st of March, 1864, the number of interments in 
 the cemetery was 10,598, exclusive of 1,427 in the borough ground. 
 
 The Chairman of the Cemetery Company is W. Irving, Esq. ; 
 Chaplains, Revs. James Selkirk and James Sibree ; Secretary, C. S. 
 Todd, Esq. ; Superintendent and Registrar, Mr. John Shields. 
 
 Public Park, Beverley-road. — So early as the year 1837 the 
 want of some public recreation ground was felt in a peculiar manner 
 at Hull, the place being then remarkably deficient in public surbur- 
 ban walks, and at that time a project was started of making a large 
 avenue or promenade round the whole of the town, from the Hum- 
 ber on the west to the Humber on the east, a distance of 4£ miles. 
 The subject dropped through, but in 1845 it was revived, and a 
 " Grand Victoria Promenade Company " was then formed and pro- 
 visionally registered, with a view of carrying out the scheme by a 
 body of shareholders. According to their prospectus, the promenade 
 was to consist of a beautiful carriage road about 70 feet wide, and 
 two foot-paths about 40 feet wide, with rows of ornamental trees on 
 each side; and ground for building sites and garden purposes was 
 to be provided along the whole line. The shares were to be £100. 
 each. But the project was unsuccessful, and the Victoria line of 
 railway now occupies the greater part of the site of the proposed 
 avenue. The town also failed, as already intimated at page 269, in
 
 560 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 obtaining a portion of the Citadel site for public recreation ground. 
 
 In the early part of the year 1860 the question of a public park 
 was very earnestly taken up by the Mayor of the borough — Z. C. 
 Pearson, Esq. — who, failing in a combined movement to that desi- 
 rable end, purchased about 37 acres of land adjoining the Beverley 
 road, for the sum of £7,400 ; and, reserving about 10 acres on three 
 sides of the plot, for building purposes, he presented the central 
 portion, about 27 acres in extent, to the Board of Health, subject 
 to their agreeing to lay out the same, and maintain it as a park 
 for the people. He also paid a further sum of £300. for a road 
 through the field in front of it This noble and generous present 
 to the town was soon followed by the inaugural ceremony, and 
 the planting of the first tree, on the 28th of August in the same year 
 (1860) — a day which will be remembered for generations by the 
 inhabitants of Hull. The Park Committee entrusted the general 
 management of the inaugural fete to Mr. Enderby Jackson.* The 
 site of the park was railed, huge balconies and galleries were raised 
 for the spectators, vast booths and tents were erected, and numer- 
 ous banners were raised. Special railway excursion trips brought 
 above 30,000 strangers to the town. At an early hour the princi- 
 pal streets were crowded ; most of the shops were closed ; and flags 
 and banners floated in the air. A monster procession started for 
 the Mansion House about one o'clock. 
 
 This procession, like most of the great processions which have 
 taken place at Hull, partook of the military as well as of the civil 
 character. The spade for plantiug the first tree was carried in 
 front, then came the Park Committee, and the Law Clerk and 
 Clerk of Accounts of the Local Board of Health, carrying the deeds ; 
 
 * Mr. Enderhy Jackson, of Hull, who has heen for some years the principal fete 
 master in the kingdom, is favourably known to the public as a most successful or- 
 ganiser of great musical contests ; and in this way he has done more to popularise 
 music among the masses than any other man in England. His greatest triumphs 
 were the organisation and direction of the monstre brass band contests which took 
 place at the " Crystal Palace," Sydenham, in 18G0, and the three following years. The 
 Times, the Musical World, and other first class newspapers allude to Mr. Jackson's 
 efforts, in connexion with these colossal musical festivals, in terms of the highest 
 praise. The Times of July 11th, 1860, eulogises" the wonderful vigour and precision" 
 with which he conducted 44 brass bands (upwards of 1,200 strong); and the writer 
 compares him to Delaporte, the great French orpheonist.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-11ULL. 501 
 
 followed by the Volunteer force, numbering about 1,600 men, with 
 four bands of music. Next came the Mayor's carriage, containing 
 his Worship, Lord Wenlock, Lord Hotham, and the Town Clerk 
 (R. Wells, Esq.); the Sheriff's carriage, and several other carriages 
 in which sat the M.P.'s for the Borough, the Lord Mayor of York, 
 the Mayors of several other towns, the Dock Directors, &c. Then 
 the Magistrates, the Corporations of the town and the Trinity House, 
 the Foreign Consuls, the members of the Mechanics' Institute, and 
 an Allegorical Representation, prepared and introduced by the Man- 
 agers of the Queen's Theatre (Messrs. Wolfenden and Melbourne).* 
 This was followed by a waggon, drawn by four horses, with Mr. 
 Temple's printing machine, which was at work throughout the en- 
 tire route, printing copies of an Ode, in celebration of the planting 
 of the first tree in the park, and to the author of which ode the 
 Park Committee awarded a prize of £5. After this came the dif- 
 ferent orders of Odd Fellows, and the Foresters, Druids, &c, with 
 regalia, flags, banners, and bauds of music. 
 
 Along the line of the procession the streets were literally packed 
 with human beings ; every window which commanded a view of 
 the pageant was crowded ; and anxious spectators fastened them- 
 selves to lamp-posts, and swarmed on the roofs of houses. The 
 cortege was about two miles in length, and before the latter part of 
 it left the Town Hall, the head of it had arrived at the park. It 
 occupied about three quarters of an hour passing any particular spot. 
 
 The park presented a very gay appearance, but owing to wet 
 weather the ground was quite a puddle. In the centre ran a long 
 
 * This spectacle was very unique and attractive, and consisted of a beautifully con- 
 structed Temple. In the base, in various nicbes, were placed the Nine Muses: — 
 Clio, for history; Euterpe, for music; Thalia, patroness of pastimes, comedy, and 
 comic poetry; Melpomene, for tragedy; Terpsichore, for dancing and lyric poetry; 
 Erato, who patronised songs of lovers, and is nearly allied to Terpsicbore ; Folyhymnia, 
 for lyric poetry, muses, and pantomimes ; Urania, for astronomy ; and Calliope, for 
 eloquence and heroic poetry. These muses were represented by children, beautifully 
 attired and appropriately placed. At the top was a platform, surrounded by a balcony, 
 in front of which were the arms of the town and some allegorical figures. On the 
 platform there was a tableau of Shakespeare being crowned by the Three Graces. 
 Behind the car was a banner, on one side of which was an allegory of the prosperity 
 of the town of Hull ; and on the other a representation of Shakespeare's Seven Ages. 
 The car was drawn by six horses, ridden by boys dressed in Old English costume, 
 and led by sis " beef-eaters " with halberts. 
 
 4 C
 
 502 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 and lofty balcony, from the middle of which projected a semicircular 
 dais, on which stood the table upon which the Mayor was to sign 
 the deed of conveyance of the park to the town. The centre was 
 covered with red cloth, and decorated with evergreen shrubs. The 
 deed of conveyance was in duplicate, and splendidly illuminated 
 and beautifully bound bookwise. His worship having signed both 
 copies, C. S. Todd, Esq., Clerk to the Board of Health, next signed 
 them ; and then, as witnesses, they were signed by Lord Wenlock, 
 Lord Hotham, M.P., the Hon. Admiral Duncombe, M.P., J. Clay, 
 Esq., M.P., J. Somes, Esq., M.P., and Mr. Alderman Moss, on be- 
 half of the town. Mr. Pearson then, in a neat speech, formally 
 presented the park to Mr. Moss, as the representative of the towns- 
 people, and expressed the pleasure the performance of the act af- 
 forded him. After replying in suitable terms, Mr. Moss called for 
 and received three cheers for Mr. Pearson, "the people's friend and 
 the working man's benefactor." The first tree was then planted 
 by Mr. Pearson, in front of the platform. It is a specimen of the 
 world renowned mammoth tree of California, the Wellingtonia Gi- 
 gantea, and was presented by Captain Wharton. It is still further 
 interesting from the fact that it was one of the first of those trees 
 introduced into this country. The gigantic dimensions it acquires 
 in its native country was thought at one time to be fabulous, but 
 since the bark of one of them was sent over, and now occupies a 
 conspicuous place in the great glass exhibition palace at Sydenham, 
 all doubt on the matter is removed. Whether it will ever attain such 
 dimensions in England is of course doubtful. Suffice it to say that 
 it, and another of the same kind a few yards from it, have up 
 to this time given every promise by their rapid growth, that such 
 may be expected. The spade used by the Mayor in planting this 
 tree was elegantly made and suitably inscribed. The tree planted, 
 the Kev. T. S. Bonnin offered up a prayer. 
 
 This part of the day's programme was succeeded by a Review of 
 the Volunteers, by Lord Wenlock, Vice-Lieut, of the East Riding, 
 the Woolwich Artillery band being stationed in the centre of the 
 ground. The review over, the vast assembly betook themselves to 
 eating, drinking, and diversion, of which there was no lack on the 
 ground. Mr. Pearson entertained a very large party at dinner at
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON -U TON-HULL. 5G3 
 
 the Station Hotel that evening; and the German Working Men's 
 Association got up a torch-light procession and paraded the town. 
 They visited the hotel where the Mayor and his guests were diuing, 
 and here they sang some good songs in the German language. Mr. 
 Pearson thanked them, and the torch bearers then proceeded to the 
 park ground, where there was a grand pyrotechnic display. After 
 that the people gradually dispersed, and the great gala was ended. 
 As usual on such festive occasions the police regulations were very 
 excellent. It is stated that there were present in the park, at one 
 time, upwards of 40,000 persons. 
 
 On the following day the festivities were kept up on the park 
 ground, principally for the juvenile portion of the community. The 
 children of the Hull Workhouse, the Sculcoates Union, the Sailors' 
 Orphan Institution, and the Ragged and Industrial Schools, were 
 admitted gratis. Mr. W. F. Wallett (who happened to be here with 
 his circus company) conducted all these charity children to a refresh- 
 ment booth, and allowed them to indulge in whatever they chose, he 
 taking the expenses of everything upon himself.* In the afternoon 
 the Mayor and his eldest son and daughter arrived on the ground, 
 when Master Pearson planted a tree (the Thitjopsis Borealis) west- 
 ward of that planted by his father on the previous day ; and Miss 
 Pearson planted another mammoth tree eastward of the first tree 
 
 * Mr. William Frederick Wallett, long and favourably known as the " Queen's 
 Jester," is a native of Hull. This " Prince of Jesters " has been above 35 years before 
 the public, in the various characters of scene painter, author, lecturer, clown, and 
 manager; and has travelled through most parts of both hemispheres, everywhere 
 eclipsing his fellows by the originality of his wit and humour. As a Shakesperian 
 jester he stands unrivalled, and in all places he is the " bright particular star " of the 
 ring. So great a public favourite is he in England, that in several of the large towns 
 his " benefits " extend over two or three nights; and once in Manchester, his benefit 
 nights extended over an entire week. A number of testimonials have been presented 
 to him from time to time, including a massive silver candelabra, by subscription at 
 Birmingham ; an elegant snuft'-box, by friends and admirers at Nottingham ; a silver 
 cigar case, by a few friends at Bristol ; a splendid silver gilt vase and cover, by friends- 
 in Leicester; and two elegant porcelain vases at Dundee. On the occasion of a fare- 
 well benefit in Hull, previous to his departure for America, an address was presented 
 to him, signed by the Mayor, several Aldermen and Town Councillors, and a number 
 of the principal inhabitants, "in consideration of his rare talent and exemplary con- 
 duct." Mr. Wallett has frequently been a liberal benefactor to the poor of his native 
 town — giving them, for many years, at Christinas, large quantities of coals, bread, 
 blankets, itc.
 
 564 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 planted in the park. These three trees are in a line running east 
 and west, nearly in the centre of the park.* 
 
 Before proceeding to a brief description of the park as it now is, 
 we should state that a design was prepared by Mr. J. C. Niven, the 
 able Curator of the Botanic Gardens, and presented by him to the 
 Board of Health ; who were so well satisfied with the taste displayed 
 therein, that they at once adopted it, and resolved that the park 
 should be laid out in accordance therewith. The work, including 
 the planting, was all completed in the early part of 1863, under 
 Mr. Niven 's immediate supervision, and now a pretty correct idea 
 can be formed of what the ultimate beauty of the ground will be 
 when the trees and shrubs have established themselves, and the 
 various groups of shrubbery will have assumed those easy lines of 
 curvature, which is the beauty of all natural scenery. When the 
 fact is stated that but one single hawthorn tree existed on the 
 ground, and that the surface was so flat as to give about 18 inches as 
 the highest point of elevation, it will be obvious that the landscape 
 gardener had in this case no natural advantages. On entering the 
 park the visitor will observe a grass circle for a statue, surrounded 
 by a walk, backed by a good massive mound of trees and evergreen 
 shrubs. Proceeding into the grounds by the side of this planta- 
 tion, and passing on some little distance on the left hand, the three 
 trees planted by Mr. Pearson aud his children will be observed. 
 On the right hand side of this walk a fine extensive level surface of 
 some three or four acres is reserved as a cricket ground, aud is 
 bordered by groups of lime trees, in threes, with a seat beneath 
 them. Onward are The Ptuins, which, though at present constitute 
 rather a marked contrast with the modern surroundings, will some 
 day form a pretty feature. These, we believe, combine some portion 
 of the Holy Trinity Church, along with some of the ruins of a York 
 Church. They, as well as the fountains and the rockery in the 
 park, were removed from the Zoological Gardens.f The other fea- 
 
 * This brief account of the procession, etc., is condensed from a well written pam- 
 phlet on the proceedings relative to the park, collected, arranged, and stereotyped by 
 Mr. James Smith. 
 
 + Tn 1840 the Zoological Gardens, the property of a body of shareholders, were 
 opened, the Council of Management having amongst them Dr. James Alderson
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UTON-HULL. 505 
 
 tures most noticeable here are the statues of the Queen and the 
 "oddess Ceres. The former, which is perhaps the chef d'muvre of 
 the gifted sculptor, Mr. Earle, is already noticed at pages 840 to 
 351. The statue is protected by palisades of cast iron, bronzed 
 and tipped with gold, having figures at the angles forming newel 
 posts. The latter is the first production of the chisel of Mr. F. R. 
 Grassby, a young and promising carver in marble and stone, and a 
 son of the late Mr. R. Grassby, basket maker, Salthouse-lane. This 
 figure, which is in Broad worth stone, aud 5 feet 7$ inches in height, 
 has been executed during his leisure hours, and, feeling that he 
 could not do better than dedicate it to his townsmen, he presented 
 it to the Park Committee. During the ceremony of the inaugura- 
 tion of the statue of her Majesty, the Mayor made a flattering allu- 
 sion to this figure, and to the talent displayed by Mr. Grassby in its 
 execution; as well as to his generosity in presenting it for the 
 adornment of the public park of his native town. All this speaks 
 well for the future of the young artist. 
 
 The next noticeable object is a small sheet of water, by means 
 of which a little irregularity has been given to the surface of the 
 ground. When a few years have clothed these new made mounds 
 with foliage, the effect of this lake, small though it be, will be 
 doubtless very good, as it is so well contrived that at no one point 
 can its entire extent be seen. In the vicinity of the lake, on a 
 short pillar, is a silvered globe, which reflects every object in the 
 park. Crossing over the carriage way is a considerable extent of 
 level sward, adapted for a Bowling Green, and further on, is an 
 Archery Ground, aud a corner intended for a Gymnasium. We 
 
 (Chairman), and E. Craven, W. G. Turnbull, G. L. Shackles, James Spratt, Thomas 
 Dighy, R. W. Gleadow, and H. R. Francis, Esqrs. The gardens consisted of about 
 seven acres, were situated on Spring-hank, and the plans of the grounds and build- 
 ings were designed by Mr. Loekwood, architect. All was in great taste, and there 
 were a couple of lakes. The zoological collection was small, but some of the ani- 
 mals were of a superior kind. During several summers large bodies of people at- 
 tended the Monday galas at this interesting place of resort. Large typoramas, rep- 
 resenting foreign cities and other places, painted by the Messrs. Seaman, of Hull, 
 were amongst the principal sources of attraction, and the weekly fetes usually closed 
 with brilliant pyrotechnic displays by the Messrs. Seaman. The gardens having 
 ceased to be self-supporting, were sold about two years ago to the Albion Building 
 Society, and have been laid out in two streets for building purposes. The fancy fair, 
 mentioned at page 172, was for the support of the establishment.
 
 566 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HDLL. 
 
 should have mentioned, as an important feature of the design (which 
 will be more telling twenty years hence) that the carriage road 
 which surrounds the park portion of the ground on three sides, and 
 by which access is obtained to the various handsome villa resi- 
 dences already springing up on its borders, will form an avenue of 
 horse-chesnut trees through its entire extent. The various groups 
 of shrubbery have been planted with very select trees and shrubs, 
 and will ultimately form a highly interesting arboretum. A dona- 
 tion of trees for this especial object was made by George Norman, 
 Esq., and we trust that others will follow his example.* The cost 
 of the conversion of the ground into a park by the Board of Health, 
 and of maintaining it, so far, has been about £300. an acre. 
 
 The principal entrance, an iron structure, designed and executed 
 by Messrs. Young and Pool, iron workers and marble manufacturers, 
 Hull, is composed of a pair of massive pillars, with pedestal, cornice, 
 and pilasters, surmounted with caps and enrichments, On the 
 outer ones are shields, anchors, and tridents, and the arms of Hull 
 and Trinity House. Above those the pillars are continued, and 
 have foliated capitals. Moulded panels run the whole length of the 
 shaft, with open enriched scroll work on the two faces. From the 
 inside cap of the pilasters springs a noble arch with enriched archi- 
 volt and moulded open panelled soffit, spandrils and key-piece with 
 figure head. The arch is surmounted by an architrave frieze and 
 cornice, with three courses of enrichments, and is altogether four 
 feet high. On the platform of the cornice is a pedestal ten feet 
 long bearing the arms of the Corporation on large shields, supported 
 on each side by dolphins and various insignia of the shipping trade. 
 On a pedestal on each pillar is a vase. The fine massive gates are 
 framed of wrought iron, and the horizontal bars are covered with 
 moulded capping. The upper part bears the crest of Mr. Pearson, 
 on ornamental shields, and in the centre of the lower part (which 
 is filled up with a moulded frame) is a circle with radiating scrolls 
 and raised boss. Two courses of fret work also are introduced 
 
 * In 1862 Mr. Henry Bivett, of \Vhitefriar-gate, who had purchased all the trees 
 and shrubs of the Zoological Gardens, made a free gift to tbe Board of Health, for 
 the ornamentation of the park, or public roads of the town, of as many of the trees as 
 they may choose to accept. A number of these trees were removed to the park.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-I1ULL. 507 
 
 between the rails. The side entrances comprise two cast iron pil- 
 lars panelled, with arched tops, caps, &c. The arms of the town 
 and those of Trinity House are combined in the centre. The tops 
 of the pillars are ornamented with cornice, and each is surmounted 
 with four dolphins, and a lamp pillar and lamp. The full extent of 
 the entrance is 50 feet, and the height from the ground to the top of 
 the vases is 29£ feet. The whole is painted, and elegantly picked 
 out with gold. The western entrance consists of a pair of iron 
 gates and piers (by Messrs. Thompson and Stather, iron founders, 
 Hull), and a small lodge. 
 
 Bridges. — The river Hull was anciently crossed by two public 
 ferries, called respectively the North and South ferries. The first 
 named ferry crossed the river where the North Bridge now spans 
 it ; and the South Ferry was and is (though shortly to be super- 
 seded by the new South Bridge) near the mouth of the river. Be- 
 sides these, the Sutton family had a ferry across the river in ancient 
 times, the site of which is the north end of High-street. 
 
 North Bridge. — As stated in page 76, Henry VIII. built a bridge 
 across the river " for the more ready communication between the 
 fortifications round the Town and the Castle and Blockhouses which 
 were erected by his command," as Mr. Frost expresses it. The 
 same author tells us that the bridge was originally built with a leaf 
 or trap, to prevent interruption to the navigation of the river, but 
 was afterwards closed by the Corporation. Whereupon a dispute 
 arose, and a complaint was made to the Privy Council, in 1559, 
 by the people of Beverley, Hornsea, Selby, &c. Some expensive 
 litigation followed, which ended in an agreement to refer the case 
 to the arbitrament of certain gentlemen " who did arbytre, order, 
 dome, and judge that the Mayor and Burgesses should " disclose, 
 make open, and redresse, the said brydge," so that vessels might 
 pass and repass with their masts standing. " It may be inferred 
 from the name of this bridge (writes Frost) that there was ano- 
 ther lower down, called the South Bridge, and this inference is in 
 some degree justified, by an original drawing in the British Museum, 
 roughly executed, but of evident antiquity, containing a plan of 
 Hull, with the Castle and Blockhouses on the Drypool side, and 
 with a bridge across the river (in addition to the present one), at
 
 568 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 the end of Scale-lane." Our author thinks that the latter bridge 
 was but a short period in existence, " though sufficiently long to 
 give the relative application of the North Bridge to the present one, 
 which yet retains that name." 
 
 Hollar's plan of the town (1640) exhibits the North Bridge as a 
 handsome stone structure of six arches. Hadley tells us that the 
 North Bridge was repaired in 1719, at a cost of £1,016 ; and he 
 mentions the sums included in this, for timber, ironwork, carpenters, 
 &c. ; but no mention is made of stone work. The present structure, 
 which consists of four stone arches with a draw-bridge in the centre, 
 was erected in 1785, from a design by Smeeton. In 1832 it was 
 repaired and altered, when Messrs. Norman and Smithson, then of 
 Hull, applied new leaves, and a hoisting apparatus to the building ; 
 and the foot and carriage way was enlarged, and the whole rendered 
 much more convenient ; at a cost to the Corporation of about 
 £4,000. Mr. James Oldham, C.E., who obtained the premium for 
 the best design, was the Superintending Engineer. During these 
 repairs Mr. Oldham discovered some of the remains of the wooden 
 piles of the bridge which was erected by Henry VIII. From these 
 it appeared that the original bridge ran in a south-easterly direction, 
 and contained no stone work. 
 
 The drawbridge, which is of iron, cast at the Milton Iron Works, 
 Barnsley, is 24 feet wide within the palisades, having in the centre 
 a carriage way of 16 feet, and a raised foot-path on each side of 4 
 feet. The rise of the bridge is about an inch in the yard, and 
 forms a striking contrast in that respect to the structure it super- 
 seded. The width within the piers for the passage of vessels is 
 about 38 feet, and the arch of the bridge (forming the segment of 
 a circle, the radius of which is about 60 feet) rises about 4 feet. 
 At present (1864) it is in contemplation either to rebuild this 
 bridge, or make considerable improvements in it. 
 
 South Bridge. — Through a period of 30 or 40 years the mercan- 
 tile community of Hull had, from time to time, been proposing the 
 construction of a bridge across the old harbour, the better to unite 
 the east with the central districts of the town. The advantages of 
 such a bridge were always acknowledged, but so loug as the Citadel 
 was occupied as a military defence, the mass of the people felt that
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 5G9 
 
 it was more the business of the Government than of the ratepayers 
 to make the bridge. The construction of the Victoria Dock, how- 
 ever, and the abandonment of the Citadel by the military, gave to 
 the question of the long talked of bridge quite a new aspect. In 
 1853 the Local Board of Health proposed a bridge to cross the 
 Hull near the end of Scale-lane ; but it was found that a bridge 
 constructed in tbat locality would not give the same amouut of ac- 
 commodation to all the branches of trade in the town, as one towards 
 the South-end, and that tramways in the streets of the centre of the 
 town would be attended with much inconvenience. It was also a 
 part of the Dock Company's scheme for a dock on the Citadel lands 
 (which failed in 1859), to have had a bridge across the river at 
 Scale-lane. 
 
 Towards the end of 1861 the Commissioners of Wood and Forests 
 made a proposition to the Local Board of Health, with reference to 
 the erection of a bridge across the Hull, but the latter body rejected 
 it on the ground that the Citadel lands were then in dispute between 
 the Corporation and the Crown. The Court of Chancery having 
 decided the dispute in favour of the Crown, and the Corporation and 
 the Board of Health having exhibited no intention of making the 
 much needed bridge, Mr. Alderman Moss (who had taken a lively 
 interest in this, as indeed he has done in all other questions likely 
 to benefit the town) at his own risk and cost then (in 1862) put 
 forward a parliamentary notice, whereby it was proposed to obtain 
 an Act for constructing a bridge. That gentleman represented to 
 the Woods and Forests how the Citadel lands would be greatly 
 improved by the carrying out of the plan of the new bridge which 
 he submitted to them. The Commissioners met Mr. Moss in a fair 
 spirit, and agreed to become shareholders in the Bridge Company; 
 but it was subsequently found, that as a department of the Govern- 
 ment, they had no power to do so. They, however, proposed to lend 
 in perpetuity to the Company the sum of £10,000. at three per cent 
 interest, and they also agreed to give to the Company the use in 
 perpetuity, free, of all the ground belonging to them, necessary for 
 the road, on the Citadel lands, between the east side of the river 
 Hull and the Victoria Dock. Mr. Moss next applied to the North 
 Eastern Railway Co. (who are also bound up in the welfare of the 
 
 4 D
 
 570 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 port) and the result was that they became shareholders in the Bridge 
 Company to the extent of £2,000. The Hull Dock Company too 
 became shareholders to the amount of £2,000. 
 
 The Act of Parliament incorporating the Bridge Company con- 
 tains a clause, which would enable the Town Council or the Local 
 Board of Health, at any time, to obtain possession of the bridge, 
 upon payment to the Company of the money expended upon the 
 scheme, together with five per cent, interest upon the amount. 
 
 Perhaps a better project, or one calculated to promote the in- 
 terests of the town, could not be devised, than this south bridge 
 scheme. At ward meetings in various parts of the town, it was 
 " resolved " that the bridge would be of the greatest advantage to 
 the trade and commerce of the port ; and the site of the bridge has 
 been generally admitted to be the most eligible for the convenience 
 of the public and the purposes of trade generally. 
 
 It had been intended that the noble High Steward of the Borough 
 should lay the first stone of the bridge on the day of his installation 
 (See pp. 243, 341); but though that part of the installation pro- 
 gramme was omitted, yet the first pile of the bridge works was 
 driven on that day (October 29th, 1863); and the works are now 
 (April, 1864) progressing. The bridge, which is to be of iron, and 
 to open with an immense swing, will be of peculiar design and mas- 
 sive proportions, and will span the river at the narrowest point of 
 its mouth. It is to consist of one principal opening of 100 feet, and 
 a smaller one of 38 feet. The superstructure of the principal open- 
 ing will be carried back landwards, and is to be made to swing or 
 open by aid of powerful mechanism. It will be supported by an 
 abutment on the eastern bank of the river, and, when closed, by two 
 cast iron cylinders, also sunk into its bed. The superstructure of 
 the smaller opening, which will not be moveable, will also be sup- 
 ported by the same cylinders and a western abutment. Both abut- 
 ments will rest on foundations of pilework and concrete, and will 
 consist principally of brickwork, with stone copings. The hollow 
 in the eastern abutment will be filled in with concrete, as will the 
 cylinders themselves. The traffic portion, or upper face of the 
 bridge, will comprise an ordinary roadway and tramway of 20 feet, 
 and two footpaths of 5 feet each. These will be carried over the
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUXL. 571 
 
 openings by two main wrought-iron girders. The roadway platform 
 will pass in between the main girders, and be supported on wrought- 
 iron cross girders. These latter will project on either side beyond 
 the main girders, for the purpose of carrying the footpath platforms. 
 Railway and roadway trams will be laid on the bridge, and fencings 
 or parapets, of wrought-iron, will protect the outsides of the foot- 
 paths. For the purposes of opening and shutting, the two larger 
 main girders will be bolted to an upper roller frame, turning round 
 a central pivot, and which rests again on rollers working in a live 
 ring on the ends of radial bars. The radial bars themselves will 
 be connected to and will work round the central pivot, fixed on a 
 lower roller frame, upon and around which the rollers run. This 
 lower frame will be bolted to stone blocks resting on the eastern 
 abutments. Dwarf walling is to be erected around and within the 
 space occupied by the bridge when opened for the navigation of the 
 river, and the space is to be also pitched. Fender pilework and 
 dolphins will be constructed so as to protect the eastern abutment, 
 the cylinders, and the bridge itself, from injury by shipping or craft 
 of a lesser kind. The whole of the ironwork employed will undergo 
 severe testings both before and after the bridge is erected, and is to 
 be of the best kinds that this country can furnish; and it is stated 
 that the bridge will be the largest on the swing or opening principle 
 in the kingdom. A small toll will be exacted from passengers 
 whether by footpath or vehicular transit. The Contractors are 
 Messrs. Henry Grissell and Co., of the Regent's Canal Iron Works, 
 London; and Mr. John Hawkshaw, C.E., F.R.S., is the Engineer. 
 The Chairman of the Hull South Bridge Company is Henry Blun- 
 dell, Esq., and the Solicitors are Messrs. Moss and Lowe. 
 
 The lovers of antiquities will mingle their regret with ours, that 
 the construction of the South Bridge necessitated the destruction of 
 the South Blockhouse. When page 272 of this history was being 
 printed, it was believed that this, the last remnant of the ancient 
 fortifications of Kingston-upon-Hull, would be preserved — as the 
 road through the Citadel lands, in connexion with the bridge, was 
 planned in such a direction as would escape the building ; but since 
 then the Woods and Forests required the road to be so altered in 
 its route, that it will pass direct through the site of the ancient
 
 572 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 buildiug. Iu consequence of this the Blockhouse has just been 
 levelled to the ground. For the benefit of any who may hereafter 
 be curious about its site, we may observe that it stood within about 
 25 feet of the new offices of the Messrs. Samuelson. 
 
 Railways. — The first railway connected with this place, was the 
 " Hull and Selby "line, which was opened on the 1st of July, 1840. 
 Mr. Alderman Gresham, of Hull, may be considered the godfather 
 of this undertaking, for it was he that proposed the resolution upon 
 which it was founded. This once isolated railway now forms part 
 of the great net-work of iron roads spread over the kingdom, and is 
 leased to the North Eastern Railway Company. This Company's 
 line from Hull, as far as Bridlington, was opened on the 6th of 
 October, 1846 ; on which day a " monster " train of 66 carriages, 
 drawn by three engines, left Hull. At Bridlington, the directors 
 and their guests, numbering upwards of 900, partook of a sump- 
 tuous lunch in the Goods' Station ; and in the evening there was 
 a grand banquet at Hull (See p. 174). The line was afterwards 
 extended to Scarborough. 
 
 The North Eastern Railway Station (Hull terminus) is situated 
 at the end of Paragon-street. The erection of the buildiug com- 
 menced in 1847, and the station was opened on the 8th of May, 
 without any particular eclat. The front of the edifice, together with 
 the magnificent hotel at the end of it, is of cut stone, and the whole 
 is in the Italian, or more strictly speaking, in the Doric Ionic style. 
 The station covers an area of nearly 2J acres, its length is 153 feet, 
 width 125 feet, and the platforms are 30 feet wide. The centre of 
 the front is two stories high, and distinguished by a fine colonnade, 
 beneath which are two entrances to the large booking office. On 
 either side run a one storied wing, in which are two good porticoed 
 doorways, and at the extremities of these wings are two storied 
 buildings. The shed has an elegant iron roof, in three spans, and 
 there are are five lines of rails between the platforms. 
 
 The Hotel was opened on the 6th of November, 1851, on which 
 occasion the Railway Directors gave a sumptuous banquet to a large 
 number of gentlemen, including the elite of Hull and its vicinity. 
 The edifice is truly a palatial one, with a noble front facing Paragon- 
 street. The g'round plan occupies an area measuring 120 feet by
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 573 
 
 130 feet, and the house contains about 100 apartments, being three 
 stories in height, with a basement. The front entrance is beneath 
 a massive portico, and the entrance hall, in the centre of the build- 
 ing, is a beautiful court, GO feet square, finely arcaded, and covered 
 with an elegantly designed ground glass roof. The general effect 
 of this quadrangle, with its elegant pillars and arches, is very fine. 
 The Architect of the station and hotel was Mr. G. T. Andrews, of 
 York. The Queen sojourned at this hotel in 1854 (See p. 18G). 
 
 The original station of the Hull and Selby Railway was pulled 
 down in 1858, and on its site a splendid Goods Station erected. 
 This is conveniently situated for ready communication with the 
 shipping, the front entrance being opposite the Humber Dock. 
 
 The railway from New Holland to Louth was opened in March, 
 1848, and that now joins other lines, and extends to all parts of 
 England. The Booking Office of the Lincolnshire, Sheffield, and 
 Manchester Railway Company is in Nelson-street, near the Humber. 
 
 The Hull and Holderness Railway Company's line was formally 
 opened on the 24th of June, 1854. It is a single line, 18 miles in 
 length, having its starting near the Victoria Dock, and its terminus 
 at Withernsea, on the sea coast ; but the line will very soon run 
 into the Paragon Station. 
 
 Hull and Hornsea Railway. — The ceremony of turning the first 
 sod of this railway was performed with much eclat at Hornsea, 
 October 8th, 1862, by Joseph Armytage Wade, Esq., Chairman of 
 the Hull and Hornsea Railway Company ; the line is now ready to 
 be opened.* The total cost of making this " iron way " was about 
 
 * The day on which the works of this line were inaugurated was one of rejoicing at 
 Hornsea. A procession was formed at the residence of Mr. Wade, and, preceded by a 
 band of music, it marched to the scene of the ceremony on the Mappleton road. 
 Mr. W. Wright having, in the name of the Board of Directors, presented Mr. Wade 
 with an elegant barrow and shovel prepared for the occasion, the latter gentleman 
 (we read in the local journals) " turned the sod and filled his barrow in a truly work- 
 manlike manner, amidst prolonged and vociferous cheering." The barrow is of the 
 finest Italian walnut. The sides are carved to represent a rhinoceros (the crest of 
 Mr. Wade), the legs and head being brightly polished, and the body carved rough to 
 imitate the coarse skin of the animal. The fore-legs are raised to hold the pinion of 
 the wheel, the hind legs acting as the legs of the barrow. The inscription is en- 
 graved on a silver shield. The shovel is round nosed in shape, and is of polished 
 steel electro-plated, with electro-gilt oak-leaf ornaments at the angles of the tread. 
 The shaft is of carved walnut, finishing with an electro-plated handle, elaborately
 
 574 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 £70,000. Its length is about 13 miles to the sea-side terminus, 
 and the company will use about two miles of the North Eastern 
 Company's Victoria Dock branch, in order to connect their line 
 with the central (Paragon) station, and the general railway system 
 of the kingdom. This railway brings the south end of Hornsea 
 within 12 miles of the outskirts of Hull, or the Wilmington Station 
 on the Groves side of the town. The line extends a little beyond 
 Hornsea, to the sea side, and is eminently calculated for the recrea- 
 tion of the inhabitants of Hull — Hornsea being peculiar both for 
 its style of beauty and mildness of atmosphere. 
 
 Volunteers. — First Corps of the East York Rifle Volunteers. — 
 The preceding pages of this history record the fact that whenever, 
 in former days, danger was apprehended, the martial spirit of Hull 
 was found to be rife ; and the formation of the regiment of rifle 
 volunteers, to which we now direct attention, proved that the towns- 
 people have not degenerated. On the 7th of February, 1859, a very 
 crowded meeting took place at the Town Hall, the Mayor in the 
 chair. Mr. Sheriff Harrison moved a resolution, the purport of 
 which was, that looking at the troubled aspect of affairs on the Con- 
 tinent, and being actuated by a strong feeling of loyalty, that meet- 
 ing would, if it met the approval of Government, form itself into a 
 Volunteer Rifle Corps for the protection of the country. This reso- 
 lution was carried, but not unanimously, a small party having op- 
 posed it ; and, were it not for such opposition, Hull would have been 
 one of the first towns in the kingdom to take up the volunteer move- 
 ment. Two companies of the Hull battalion of the East York 
 Rifles were formed a few months later, by Captain J. W. Pease and 
 Captain A. Bannister; their services were accepted by her Majesty 
 on the 31st of October (1859), and they met for the first time at 
 drill on the 16th of the following month. Early in the next year 
 two other companies were raised by Captains Norwood and White ; 
 
 chased. The face of the shovel contains the inscription, the arms and crest of Mr. 
 Wade, and the seal of the Hull and Hornsea Railway Company. The inscription 
 set forth that the harrow and shovel were presented by the Railway Company, to J. 
 A. Wade, Esq. their Chairman, on the occasion of turning the first sod of this railway. 
 The barrow was supplied by Messrs. Richardson and Sons, furniture manufacturers, 
 Bond-street ; and the shovel, by Messrs. Latham and Co., ironmongers, Whitefriar-
 
 HISTOKY OF K1NGSTON-LTON-HULL. .) I ■> 
 
 and then Captain Pease was promoted, and became Major-Com- 
 mandant. At present the corps comprises six companies, number- 
 ing about 400 officers and men. The Bight Hon. Lord Londes- 
 borough is the Honorary Colonel ; Joseph Walker Pease, Esq., is 
 the Lieutenant-Colonel ; Anthony Bannister, Esq., is Major ; and 
 the Captains are F. F. Ayre, Charles H. Bannister, Edward Lucas, 
 Joseph Winkley, John H. Brodrick, and Robert Blyth, Esquires. 
 The Adjutant is Captain Thomas Palmer (late Captain in the 47th 
 foot).* There are eight Lieutenants and five Ensigns. The Ser- 
 geant-Major is Mr. Henry Kingjf and the Armourer-Sergeant is 
 Mr. Edmund Balchiu. 
 
 Hitherto the Rifle Corps has occupied as barracks some very 
 convenient premises in Alfred-street, kindly lent to the regiment by 
 Lieut.-Col. Pease ; but as their site is to be swallowed up in the 
 West Dock, the corps lately purchased a plot of ground behind 
 Park-street for the purpose of erecting new barracks. To aid in the 
 construction of these buildings, a Grand Bazaar, under very dis- 
 tinguished patronage, was held in the Public Rooms, during four 
 days in April, 1863, the proceeds of which, including donations, 
 amounted to £1,316. On the 13th of February, 1864, the ceremony 
 of laying the first stone of the new edifice was performed in the 
 presence of the corps by Lieut.-Col. Pease. The silver trowel used 
 on the occasion was presented to the gallant Colonel by the corps, 
 and bore a suitable inscription. The new Barracks will consist of 
 a drill-room measuring 120 feet by 60 ; with store, &c, rooms at 
 each end; and a Sergeants' dwelling house. The buildings are to 
 be of red and white brick, and will be simple, plain, and strong. 
 
 Mems. — 30th April, 1860, a silver bugle, subscribed for by about 
 fifty ladies of Hull and its vicinity, was presented to No. 4 Company 
 
 * Adjutant, Captain Palmer served during the whole of the Crimean war, and for 
 his distinguished services he wears the Crimean medal, with clasps for Alma, Inker- 
 man, and Sehastopol; also, the Turkish war medal, and the fifth class of the Order 
 of Medjidhie. 
 
 + Sergeant Major King served for 24 years in the 90th foot, and 5 years afterwards 
 in the 2nd Stafford (King's Own) regiment of militia. By his zeal and attention in 
 his present position he has won the respect of his officers and men. 
 
 Serjeant Smith, late of 1st Battalion of 2nd foot, and subsequently of the East York 
 Militia, Musketry Instructor to this corps of Rifle Volunteers, has also proved himself 
 most useful and energetic in his office.
 
 576 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UI>ON-HULL. 
 
 (Capt. Norwood's), in the presence of the elite of the town. The 
 presentation was made by Mrs. J. J. Thorney (in the unavoidable 
 absence of Mrs. Norwood), upon the part of the subscribers. May 
 2nd (same year), Captain Bannister's Company (No. 2) was presented 
 with a silver bugle by Miss Kate Bannister, on behalf of the lady 
 friends of the Company. Iu the same month, No. 7 Company was 
 hospitably entertained by their Captain (W. T. White, Esq.), at his 
 residence in Hedon. On this occasion Mrs. White presented a 
 silver bugle to the Company. In the following month the officers 
 and gentlemen of No. 1 Company (Capt. Cook's) received a silver 
 bugle, before a large assemblage, at the bauds of Mrs. Cook. This 
 event was celebrated by a ball at the Public Kooms, which was 
 attended by about 350 ladies and gentlemen. 
 
 In July (1860) a Rifle Fete was held on the grounds of Hessle- 
 wood House, the seat of J. R. Pease, Esq., when a silver bugle, 
 subscribed for by the ladies of Hull, was presented to the Hull 
 Battalion, then consisting of five companies.* Mrs. J. W. Pease 
 performed the ceremony of presenting the bugle. After executing 
 some evolutions, the corps piled arms and partook of an excellent 
 repast — three tables, each 100 feet long, having been set out on 
 the lawn, and furnished with everything for a bivouac of the most 
 pleasurable character. A large number of the neighbouring gentry 
 were present. 
 
 On the 25th of the following month a " Grand Rifle Demonstra- 
 tion " took place at Hull, when the town was visited by bodies of 
 rifleman from Lancashire, Cheshire, and Lincolnshire. Great 
 preparations were made by the townspeople to do honour to the 
 occasion, and the principal streets were profusely decorated with 
 flags. The Hull Volunteers gave their brothers in arms a hearty 
 welcome, and the whole body marched through the principal streets, 
 accompanied by their bands of music. About sixty officers lunched 
 together at Glover's Hotel. In the course of this year a shooting 
 
 * It is worthy of notice that there is something hereditary in the connexion of the 
 family of Pease with the Volunteer movement. Nov. 5th, 1745, Robert Pease, Esq., 
 great uncle of J. R. Pease, Esq., was gazetted Major in a Volunteer regiment; and 
 in 1813 (12th of April), Joseph Robinson Pease, Esq., was gazetted to a Company in 
 one of the four regiments of East Riding Volunteers then in existence.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UI'ON-IIULL. 577 
 
 contest took place for a silver challenge-cup, value 25 guineas, pre- 
 sented by Lieutenant Bethel Jacobs and Captain Lucas. 
 
 A " Grand Volunteer Banquet " was given at the Ptoyal Station 
 Hotel, on the 3rd of October, 1861, which was attended by the 
 parliamentary representatives of the borough, by the Mayor and 
 Sheriff, and a large company of gentlemen. After dinner several 
 prizes, which had been given for competition so as to encourage 
 musketry practice, were distributed to the winning marksmen. 
 
 The second annual banquet of the corps took place at the same 
 hotel, in September, 1862, when about 400 gentlemen dined together. 
 During the evening Major Bannister presented to the Chairman 
 (Lieut.-Col. Pease) a large and beautiful claret jug of about £60. 
 value, on behalf of the Hull Rifles, as a testimony of esteem and 
 respect, and as a mark of their appreciation of his valuable services 
 in organising and supporting the corps. Several prizes were then 
 handed (mostly in person by the donors) to the successful competi- 
 tors in shooting contests which took place that year.* 
 
 In the same year (1862) the third inspection of the regiment, by 
 Lieut.-Col. Harman, the Inspector of Volunteers, took place at 
 Hesslewood, in the presence of upwards of 1,000 persons. The 
 ground set apart for the review was staked off in front of the man- 
 sion of J. R. Pease, Esq., and after the regiment had performed 
 their duties in the field very satisfactorily, they were most hospi- 
 tably regaled in tents prepared for their reception. 
 
 A review of the corps and a " sham battle " occurred in May, 
 
 * These prizes were an elegant cup, value 15 guineas, the gift of Lieut.-Col. Pease ; 
 two silver cups, value 10 guineas each, given hy J. Clay, Esq., M.P., and J. Somes, 
 Esq., M.P. ; a handsome silver salver, given by Major Bannister; the before-men- 
 tioned challenge-cup ; a silver tankard, by the merchants of Hull ; a handsome skel- 
 eton clock, the gift of the Hull tradesmen ; 25 guineas (Lord Londesborough's prize) 
 divided into five parts ; a beautiful silver cup, given by Mr. Edwin Davis ; a silver 
 cup, the gift of Mr. M. Samuelson; a richly chased silver goblet, the gift of Mr. 
 Thomas Eeynoldson ; .£10., the gift of Mr. Joseph Hoare ; a cup given by the farmers 
 of the neighbourhood ; a sporting rifle, the gift of Mr. William White ; cups to their 
 respective companies by Captains Winkley, White, and Lucas; a cup given by Lieut. 
 Wilkinson ; two silver watches, given by Captain Bannister and Lieutenant Goddard; 
 and a clock, the gift of Ensign Saner. About fifty very neat Government badges, 
 each bearing a rifle, surmounted by two stars, in silver, were presented on the occa- 
 sion, as marks of honorary distinction, to as many principal marksmen, to be worn 
 on the left arm during the current year. 
 
 4 E
 
 578 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 1863, on the grounds of Kingston Lodge, the seat of Major Bannis- 
 ter, and under the immediate command of Col. Lord Londesborough. 
 After some very interesting manoeuvres had been performed, with 
 great credit to the volunteers, the corps partook of a cold collation, 
 provided for them in a large marquee. Major Bannister occupied 
 the chair, having his Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel for supporters. 
 The usual toasts and speeches followed the removal of the cloth, 
 and dancing was kept up till a late hour in the evening. 
 
 Colonel Harman held his fourth annual inspection of the corps, 
 at Hesslewood, July 25th, 1863, when the volunteers, during three 
 hours, executed a number of military manoeuvres, including the 
 platoon exercise and file and volley firing, in almost a faultless 
 manner. Among the large number that witnessed the review were 
 some retired military officers, whose encomiums on the movements 
 were very flattering. The gallant Inspector congratulated them on 
 their efficiency, and stated that his report of them to the Secretary 
 of State would be a favourable one. After the review the corps 
 dined together in a large tent in the grounds. The chair was taken 
 by Lieut.-Col. Pease, who was supported by Colonel Lord Londes- 
 borough, Lieutenant-Colonel Harman, General Marten, Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Haworth, Major Bannister, Captain Palmer, the Vicar of 
 Hessle, J. R. Pease, Esq., and other gentlemen. 
 
 On the 29th of the same month a Grand Volunteer Field-day 
 was held at Grimston Park, the beautiful seat of Col. Lord Londes- 
 borough, when the corps engaged were the Hull Artillery, the Hull 
 Rifles, and First West York Rifles — the total strength mustering 
 about 1,000 men of all ranks. The evolutions included skirmishing, 
 firing, forming lines and squares, charging, &c, executed under 
 the command of Col. Harman, with soldier-like precision. After 
 the review the whole of the volunteers and a select party of visitors 
 dined with Lord Londesborough. The Hull Rifles had previously 
 taken an active part in two great volunteer reviews at York. 
 
 On the evening of the 29th of August the King of the Belgians' 
 famous band of Guides, consisting of fifty performers, gave a grand 
 concert at the Public Room, Jarratt-street, in aid of the funds of the 
 Hull Rifle Corps. 
 
 The annual banquet for the year 1863 took place at the barracks
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-I1ULL. 579 
 
 in Alfred-street, on the 9th of November. The chair was taken 
 by Col. Lord Londesborough, and, after dinner, the prizes com- 
 peted for this year by the corps were distributed to the winners by 
 Lady Londesborough, who was accompanied on the occasion by 
 Emily, Duchess of Beaufort, and Lady Sophia Des Yoeux. The 
 guests at the banquet included the elite of the town and neighbour- 
 hood. A gallery was erected for ladies, and Lady Londesborough 
 was received with a flourish of trumpets. After the prizes had been 
 distributed her ladyship was presented by Lieutenant-Colonel Pease, 
 on behalf of the officers of the Hull corps, with a handsome brace- 
 let, as a slight memento of that night's proceedings.* 
 
 Mr. S. Walliker, Post Master, is an honorary member of the Rifle 
 Corps (See p. 516). The corps possesses a good brass band. 
 
 Hull Volunteer Artillery. — This corps was formed in March, 1860, 
 when four companies, or " batteries," were raised. Martin Samuel- 
 son, Esq., was the senior Captain, then became Major, and finally 
 Lieutenant-Colonel — the Right Hon. Lord Londesborough being 
 Colonel. The Artillery Corps is now composed of eight companies, 
 
 consisting of 362 officers and men. On the retirement of Mr. Sam- 
 uelson from the command of the corps, Z. C. Pearson, Esq. (then 
 Mayor of Hullj became the Commandant ; and in the beginning of 
 January, 1863, John T. Dobson, Esq. (then Major) became Lieut.- 
 Colonel, but he resigned towards the close of that year, when Major 
 E. A. D. Brooshooft was promoted to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel, and 
 Captain J. J. Spratt became Major. The heads of batteries at pre- 
 sent (1864) are Captains Moseley, Maxtead, Smith, Macbride, Dan- 
 natt, Heaven, Gleadow, and Humphrey. The Adjutant is Mr. 
 Michael Cooke, formerly Sergeant-Major in the Royal Artillery Re- 
 pository, Woolwich ; and Mr. Richard Pexton is the brigade Ser- 
 geant-Major.f 
 
 * The prizes for 1863 were 25 guineas, in three prizes given by Lord Londes- 
 borough; three prizes, value £15. 10s., by Mr. Somes, M.P.; =610. 10s., by Mr. Clay, 
 M.P. ; £10. by Mr. Hoare ; two prizes, value 13 guineas, by Mr. Edwin Davis; £5. 5s. 
 each, given by the Mayor, (W. H. Moss, Esq.), Mr. Sheriff Jackson, and Mr. H. Blun- 
 dell; the officers' prizes, amounting to £16.; the challenge cup, &c; and a number 
 of badges. 
 
 + In 1862, on his promotion to the command of the brigade, Lieut.-Col. Dobson, 
 presented Sergeant-Major Pexton with a very superior rifled carbine, having the
 
 580 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Mems. — At the time of the formation of the corps H.M. Govern- 
 ment gave them the use of the old Citadel (with a battery of thir- 
 teen guns) and the South Blockhouse, as a drill and practice ground, 
 and here they continued until July, 1863, when they took posses- 
 sion of a new four gun Battery, which they erected on the Humber- 
 bank — where they have also a carbine range for practice.* Here 
 is the store-room and magazine of the corps. 
 
 In August, 1863, this brigade was inspected by Colonel John- 
 stone, and, after the usual evolutions, and gun drill bad been per- 
 formed, the inspecting Colonel expressed his gratification with the 
 manner in which they had acquitted themselves. The gun drill 
 (he said) " was capital, and proved that the men had been well 
 trained ;" and he assured them that it would give him " the greatest 
 pleasure to report to the proper authorities the highly efficient state 
 in which he found them." Col. Lord Londesborough was present. 
 
 The Government Inspectors have, since then, reported favourably 
 of the efficiency to which the men had arrived in gun practice.! In 
 July, 1863, a contest took place at Scarborough, for the County Rifle 
 Association Prizes for Artillery. For one of the prizes — a purse of 
 £7. 10s. for the best individual shot — there was a tie between Scar- 
 borough, Bradford, Guisborough, and Hull. The detachment from 
 each of these places struck the target, which was at a distance of 
 1,200 yards ; and a shot was then allowed to each of the men who 
 made the hits. The first three shots went very near. The last 
 to fire was Bombardier Allitt (Hull), and the shot struck with such 
 
 Whitworth barrel and Westley Richards' patent breach-loading principle, " as a slight 
 token of appreciation of services rendered to the Hull Brigade of Volunteer Artil- 
 lery." Although the barrel is only 18 inches in length, the sight of this beautiful 
 weapon is adjusted with the greatest nicety up to 800 yards. The carbine bears a sui- 
 table inscription on a silver plate let into the stock. At the same time Colonel Dobson 
 presented a similar carbine to Mr. John Spink, Sergeant-Major of his late battery, 
 " as a slight token of appreciation of services rendered to the first battery of Hull 
 Volunteer Artillery." 
 
 * In 1862 Mr. Z. C. Pearson (then Commandant) gave the corps the use of a field 
 on the Beverley-road for drill purposes, and the same gentleman, in conjunction 
 with Major Dobson, erected a commodious singly-spanned, waggon-topped drill shed 
 of wood, 150 ft. long, and 60 ft. wide, which was lighted with gas, and had asphalted 
 flooring. The shed was blown down during a very heavy gale in the year following. 
 
 + The order of precedence in the Volunteer service is — 1 Light Cavalry; 2 Artil- 
 lery; 3 Engineers; 4 Mounted Piifles; 5 Pdfle Volunteers.
 
 IITSTORT OP KTNGSTON-UPON-IIUIX. 581 
 
 accuracy that the target was smashed to atoms. Allitt was a mem- 
 ber of Captain Moseley's battery, and the latter gentleman afterwards 
 presented the bombardier with a gold medal, as a mark of his appre- 
 ciation of the efficiency he had attained in the art of gunnery. 
 
 In the same year Lieut.-Col. Brooshooft and the officers of the 
 corps waited upon Lord Londesborough, at Grimston Park, and 
 presented him with a splendid sword, thus inscribed: — "Presented 
 to Colonel the Right Hon. Lord Londesborough on his marriage, by 
 Major Brooshooft and the Officers of the 4th East York Artillery 
 Volunteers, as a mark of their esteem and regard. Hull, 10th Sep- 
 tember, 1863." The scabbard is solid silver, marked, and the hilt 
 is likewise silver, and bears the arms of the corps, and of the town 
 of Hull. The blade is of excellent workmanship, and the orna- 
 mentation is very beautiful. 
 
 In the following month the corps contested for the following prizes: 
 — a prize of £20., given by the battalion ; a gold chronometer time- 
 piece, value £50., presented by Mr. White, Low-gate (to become the 
 property of the the winner, after having won it two years in succes- 
 sion) ; and £10. each, the gifts of the borough representatives. This 
 year (1864) there are several prizes to be shot for, including the 
 gold chronometer; £20., the gift of the noble commanding officer; 
 £20., given by Lieut.-Col. Brooshooft; £20., presented by Messrs. 
 Clay and Somes; and £5., by Henry Blundell, Esq. 
 
 The brass band of this brigade is one of the best volunteer bands 
 in England. There is also a good fife and drum band, which, on 
 its formation, was provided with uniform at the cost of G. C. Roberts, 
 Esq., solicitor, then a Captain, and the acting Adjutant of the corps. 
 
 MANUFACTURES AND TRADE.— Hull does not found its 
 claim to notice on being a manufacturing town, although its station 
 in that respect is by no means unimportant. A brief notice of the 
 principal establishments may not be deemed uninteresting. 
 
 In the year 1836 a body of shareholders was formed, called " The 
 Hull Flax and Cotton Mill Company," for the purpose of spinning 
 and manufacturing flax and cotton ; but in the beginning of the 
 year 1860, the affairs of this company having previously been wound 
 up, the mills, works, machinery, &c, which they had built and oc- 
 cupied, passed by purchase into the possession of The New Hull
 
 582 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Flax and Cotton Mill Company Limited— a body composed of a few 
 of the shareholders of the old company. The works of this body 
 are not only one of the most important manufacturing concerns in 
 the county, or the kingdom, but in the whole world. There is 
 scarcely an important country with which the company have not 
 business connexions ; and as to the local benefit accruing from them, 
 as employers of labour, it need only be stated that on an average 
 about 1,500 persons are employed on the premises, and above 
 £30,000. per annum is paid in wages. But since the blockade of 
 the southern ports of America, consequent on the civil war now 
 raging in that country, the concern has been only partially worked. 
 The Chairman of the Company is George Leeman, Esq., of York ; 
 the Deputy Chairman is Edwin Davis, Esq., of Hull; and the 
 Managing Director is Joseph Rylands, Esq., of Wawne Hall. 
 
 The mills and works, which are situated in the Groves, abutting 
 partly on the river Hull, were mostly erected in 1837. They cover 
 an area of about 41,380 square yards of land, and consist chieflyof 
 five ranges of red brick buildings. One range is 253^ feet long, 56 
 feet wide, and five stories high. Another is 208 feet long, 56 wide, 
 and five stories high. A third measures 205 feet by 65 feet, and 
 is four stories in height. A two-storied mill is 254 feet long, and 
 90 feet wide. There are various other considerable erections, in- 
 cluding offices, large warehouses, store-rooms, engine and boiler 
 houses, work-shops, gas works, &c. Several portions of the build- 
 ings are fire-proof. One fine round chimney rises to the height of 
 57 yards ; another round chimney measures 54 yards in height ; 
 and a square chimney is 50 yards high. The horse power of the 
 steam engines is upwards of 500, nominal. 
 
 Kingston Cotton Mills. — This extensive factory, situated in Cum- 
 berland-street, is the property of the Kingston Cotton Mill Companv, 
 whose capital is about £200,000. The foundation stone was laid 
 on the 3rd of December, 1845, by Mr. Alderman Thompson, Chair- 
 man of the Board of Directors ; and the mills commenced to work 
 on the 1st of January, 1848. The principal building is a noble 
 range, of red brick, 501 feet in length, 80 feet in breadth, and five 
 stories high, with a large clock at the top, in the centre, at the 
 south side. In each story on that side is a range of 48 windows,
 
 HISTORY OF K1NGST0N-UP0N-HULL. 583 
 
 and there are four similar ranges on the other side — the lower stage 
 on that side being built against. In each end of this structure are 
 30 windows. The floors are fire-proof, consisting of brick arches 
 supported by iron pillars. A winding staircase leads from the 
 bottom to the top of the building ; the steps, which are entirely of 
 stone, are 11 feet in width; and there is left in the midst of their 
 winding a quadrangular space, which is walled in from top to bottom 
 on three sides; and on the fourth, at each landing, is an opening 
 with a pair of doors. In this deep well is a platform for hoisting to 
 the various floors. The machinery of the mills is worked by four 
 steam engines, each of 80 horse power. These engines are named 
 respectively, the " Watt," in honour of the inventor of the steam 
 engine ; the " Peel," in honour of the maker of these engines ; and 
 the " Thompson," and the " Gresham," in honour of the two Hull 
 Aldermen of these names. The engines work in couples. The 
 magnificent chimney of the mills is 245 feet high, and its diameter 
 is 19 feet inside at the base, and 8 feet inside at the top. It is a 
 circular pillar, resting upon a quadrangular pedestal, of due archi- 
 tectural proportions, and being by a considerable height the loftiest 
 building in Hull, can be observed at a distance of several miles 
 from the town in every direction. 
 
 It is to be regretted that, owing to the civil war in America, these 
 mills have been almost unemployed during the past two years. 
 When in full operation they consume nearly 2,300 tons of raw cot- 
 ton every year; and about 7,800 tons of coals. There is a Library 
 and Reading Room on the premises for the work people. Mr. 
 Francis Sleddon is the Manager of the mills, and Mr. Samuel Ross 
 Burton the Secretary of the Company. 
 
 Ship Building. — The port of Hull has long been a ship-building 
 place, and even ships of war have been constructed on the banks of 
 the Humber. Captain S. S. Walton (a member of a Hull ship- 
 building family) has kindly permitted us to extract from some old 
 MS. books in his possession the following list of war vessels, built at 
 Hull, Hessle Cliff, Paull, or Charles Town. And, incidentally, we 
 get the names of the principal shipbuilders here in the age just past. 
 
 Built at Hull by Mr. Hugh Blaydes : — the Success, of 20 guns, in 1739 ; the Adveti' 
 lure, 40 guns, in 1740; the Anglesea, 40 guns, in 1 741 ; the Hector, 40 guns, in 1743>
 
 584 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 the Pool, 40 guns, in 1744; the Raven sloop, 16 guns, in 1745; the Scarborough, 20 
 guns, in 175:) ; and the Rose, 20 guns, in 1754. The same gentleman huilt the follow- 
 ing, at Hessle Cliff: — the Tavistock, of 50 guns, in 1747; the Tweed frigate, 36 guns, 
 in 1754; the Emerald, 32 guns, in 1756; the Mermaid, 32 guns, in 1758; the Temple, 
 74 guns, in 1 759 ; and the Ardent, 64 guns, in 1762. Mr. John Reed built the follow- 
 ing vessels of war at Hull : — the Shoreham, of 20 guns, in 1743 ; the Alderney, 20 guns, 
 in 1745; the Glasgow, 20 guns, in 1747; and the Grampus sloop, of 16 guns, in 1749. 
 He also commenced another ship called the Glasgow, of 20 guns, but it was finished, 
 in 1752, by Messrs. Hodgson and Bryan — who built likewise the Nautilus, 16 guns, 
 in 1755. Messrs. Blaydes and Hodgson built at Charles Town: — the Glory, of 32 
 guns ; the Diamond, 36 guns, in 1766 ; and the Boreas, 32 guns, in 1767. The Shark, 
 of 16 guns, was built in 1774, by Mr. Thomas Walton, sen., at Hull. Mr. Thomas 
 Steemson built the following at Paull and Thorne : — the corvette called the Combatant, 
 24 guns, in 1804 ; the line battle ship, Anson, 74 guns, in 1810; the frigate Proserpine, 
 32 guns, in 1805; and the frigate Owen Glendower, 36 guns, in 1808. Mr. Peter 
 Atkinson built at Hull, the Otter sloop of war, 18 guns, in 1803; and the Scout brig, 
 16 guns. The corvette Dauntless, 24 guns, and the frigate Hyperion, were built in 
 Hull by Mr. William Gibson, sen., in the years (respectively) 1804 and 1806. The 
 corvette Valorous, 24 guns, was built at Hull in 1804, by Mr. James Shepherd, sen.; 
 and he was also the builder there of the brig of war, the Oberon, 16 guns, in 1805. 
 The bomb Hecla, one gun, was built in Hessle Cliff, in 1815, by Messrs. Barkworth 
 and Hawkes; who were likewise the builders of another war ship, the Infernal. 
 
 But little is now done here in the construction of large wooden 
 vessels. The principal wooden ship builders are Messrs. Edward 
 Gibson and Son, T. Humphrey and Son (See p. 273), Spencer and 
 Gardham (See p. 302), and J. Hallett and Co. 
 
 Iron Ship-building has been for several years one of the most im- 
 portant branches of trade in Hull, and at present it is in a very 
 flourishing state. Indeed Hull may boast of having produced some 
 of the most choice specimens of marine art which have floated in 
 our own or any other river. Within the last dozen years about 200 
 splendid steam ships, as well as a large number of sailing vessels, 
 have been built and equipped here, several of which are from 1,000 
 to 3,000 tons burthen. This reflects the highest credit both on the 
 builders and on the port.* The great iron ship-building and engi- 
 neering firm of Messrs. Martin Samuelson and Co. commenced busi- 
 ness in Hull, in 1849, as Marine and General Engineers, Mill- 
 wrights, and Iron and Brass Founders.! In 1854 they extended their 
 
 * The first steam-packet constructed in England was built on the river Hull, in 
 a yard up Wincolmlee, in 1796, under the direction of Mr. Furness, of Beverley, and 
 Mr. Ashton, physician, who subsequently had a patent granted, and ,£70. a year each 
 for life settled upon them by the Prince Eegent. 
 
 + The firm of M. Samuelson and Co. has attained celebrity as the makers of
 
 HISTORY OF KINOSTON-UPON-HULL. 585 
 
 premises, and added to their already large establishment, the Iron 
 Ship-building business. Their ship-yard is situated at the mouth 
 of the old harbour, and a considerable portion of it was reclaimed 
 from the Humber, by Messrs. Samuelson and Co., at a great expense, 
 in 1858. Since the latter period they have made other additions 
 to this yard, of the south-west angle of the old Citadel and its fore- 
 shore, purchased of the Commissioners of Woods and Forests ; and 
 at present the yard covers an area of about twelve acres. On the 
 premises is a patent-slip, considered one of the best in use, which 
 is worked by hydraulics, with all the latest improvements. This is 
 capable of taking up ships of the very largest burthen for repairs. 
 Indeed, for complete appliances and extent of building ground, there 
 are few, if any, establishments in the United Kingdom to be com- 
 pared with, and better adapted for ship-buildiDg purposes than this. 
 The quantity of machinery erected on the premises is vast ; and the 
 yard has the advantage of two extensive water frontages, on the 
 rivers Humber and Hull. The capabilities of the establishment 
 are so great that, during the short period of ten years, no less than 
 95 vessels, principally steamers, have been built in it — including 
 14 at present (March, 1864) on the stocks. These have varied from 
 300 to 3,000 tons burthen, and from 100 to 1,000 horse power. 
 Last year (1863) this firm built a larger number of vessels than any 
 other firm in the kingdom. The unusual spectacle of the launch of 
 four vessels on the same morning is noticed at page 343. The 
 Engine Works in Scott-street are about to be removed to the South- 
 end premises, where they will occupy the above-mentioned angle of 
 the Citadel, including the site of the South Blockhouse. At present 
 there are about 2,000 persons employed on these premises. The 
 members of the firm are Mr. Alderman (Martin) Samuelson, Mayor 
 of Hull in 1858 ;* and Mr. Alderman (W. H.) Moss, Mayor in the 
 
 Blundell's Hydraulic Presses, for extracting oil from seed, and manufacturing cake. 
 This splendid mechanical invention was continually in action at the International 
 Exhibition of 1862; and many millions of people gazed upon it in wonder and admi- 
 ration. The Koyal Commissioners awarded the firm the medal for this class of 
 machinery. 
 
 * On the second evening of the year 1864, a large number of the employees of the 
 firm of Messrs. Samuelson and Co., and several gentlemen of the town, dined to- 
 gether in the Music Hall, Jarratt-street, and in the course of the evening the Chair- 
 
 4 F
 
 586 HISTOEY OP KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 years 1856 and 1862.* Mr. Samuelson is the Managing partner. 
 Mr. Robert Scott is the General Manager, and Mr. David Maxwell 
 the Chief Engineer. 
 
 There is another great Iron Ship-Building and Marine Engi- 
 neering Establishment here, belonging to Messrs. Charles and Wil- 
 liam Earle. Twenty years ago these gentlemen established their 
 "Junction Foundry," situated on the Prince's (formerly called the 
 Junction) Dock-side. Here the firm make the marine engines, &c, 
 for their ships. In 1852 the Messrs. Earle commenced the building 
 of iron ships, and their fine ship-yard, on the bank of the Humber, 
 covers an area of eight acres, exclusive of a new patent slip, which 
 the firm recently built for the Dock Company, from whom they 
 lease it. This " slip " is worked by a powerful gear. Including 
 eight vessels at present (March, 1864) the firm under notice have 
 built 90 ships, nearly all steamers, averaging from 200 to 1,770 
 tons burthen. They possess capabilities for the construction of 
 nine vessels of 1,000 tons each at the same time ; and they are now 
 employing above 1,900 hauds. Mr. Alexander Gemmell is the 
 manager of the ship-yard ; and the chief of the engineering depart- 
 ment is Mr. Thomas H. Lee. 
 
 The important shipowning firm of Messrs. Brownlow, Lumsden, 
 
 man (Mr. Eobert Scott), in the name of the subscribers, presented the head of the 
 firm with a splendid testimonial, consisting of a silver tea and coffee service, with two 
 silver salvers and a beautiful time-piece, thus inscribed : — " Presented by the employees 
 in the firm of Martin Samuelson and Co., engineers and iron ship-builders, Hull, to Martin 
 Samuelson, Esq., as a mark of the esteem and regard in which he is held by them, and of 
 their appreciation of his energy and professional abilities in raising the firm of which he is 
 the head to its present high position, and to express their hearty good wishes for his own 
 and his family's health and prosperity. 2nd January, 1864. 
 
 * A number of the leading inhabitants of Hull assembled in the Town Hall on the 
 21st March, 18(14, and then and there presented to Mr. Moss a costly testimonial, 
 consisting of a silver oval tray and two salvers, a massive kettle and stand, a cup and 
 cover, two vine pattern dessert stands, an inkstand, and a cake basket. Each article 
 bears the following inscription: — " This service of plate was presented- to Alderman Wil- 
 liam Henry Moss, twice Mayor of Hull, by numerous friends, in recognition of services ably 
 performed, and efforts successfully carried out, for the advancement and improvement of the 
 town and port, and as a testimonial to his honour and private worth. March, 1864." 
 This was accompanied by a richly engrossed address upon vellum, which was pre- 
 sented to Mr. Moss a short time previous (See p. 351). In the absence of the Mayor 
 (through illness) Mr. Alderman Bannister made the presentation in very flattering 
 and suitable terms. In the afternoon of that day, the same subscribers presented 
 Mrs. Moss with an elegant gold bracelet, having closed lockets for family portraits.
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UPON-HULL. 587 
 
 and Co., build all their own vessels in Hull. Their Engine and 
 Boiler Works now occupy the fine premises in English-street, which 
 were built in 1837 by Mr. Wakefield Pym, who carried on the bu- 
 siness of an iroufounder there for several years. The present head 
 of this firm is an Alderman of Hull; and Mr. Lumsden is the 
 present Mayor of the borough. Mr. Brownlow was one of the 
 owners of the first iron ship that ever sailed from Hull. Mr. Al- 
 derman Thompson and one or two other gentlemen were the other 
 joint owners. 
 
 Dry Docks. — Besides the fine patent slips in connexion with the 
 two great ship yards already mentioned, there are several graving 
 docks, for repairing vessels, constructed with flood-gates, to admit or 
 exclude the water. The South-end Dock, rented under the Corpo- 
 ration by Messrs. Humphrey and Son, is already noticed at page 
 273. The same firm rent another dock at North Bridge. The latter 
 dock was made for the Hull Dock Company, by Mr. William Gib- 
 son, who for some years rented it. This gentleman afterwards, in 
 1805, constructed the Union Graving Dock and the ship-yard on 
 the Garrison-side, and built a residence for himself on the premises 
 (See p. 327). This dock was opened on the 24th of August, 1805, 
 when two ships entered therein, viz., the Minerva and the Har- 
 mony, both the property of Mr. K. Bell, and employed in the whale 
 "fishery ; and we read in the newspapers of the period that on the 
 occasion a sheep was roasted whole in the yard for the entertain- 
 ment of the workmen, and that upwards of 100 gallons of ale was 
 distributed amongst them : also, that John Staniforth, Esq., M.P. 
 for the borough, visited the yard in the evening, and ordered another 
 cask of ale for the workmen. Several years ago this dock was very 
 much enlarged. Mr. Edward Gibson, the present owner of this 
 ship-yard, is the grandson of the above-mentioned Mr. William 
 Gibson. The North End ship-yard, the property of Messrs. Spen- 
 cer and Gardham, is noticed at page 302. They have another yard 
 and dock in Lime-street. Mr. Hallett and others have also dry 
 docks. 
 
 Foundries. — The first iron foundry established in Hull was com- 
 menced by Messrs. Todd and Savage, in Church-street. It was 
 subsequently removed to its present position, abutting upon Green-
 
 588 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 lane, where it has continued for above 70 years. Mill machinery 
 is the principal work now executed at it. The works are known as 
 the Old Foundry; Mrs. C. Rose is the present proprietor, and Mr. 
 James Downs is the manager.* Adjoining it is the well known 
 Hidl Forge (formerly part of the foundry premises), at present in 
 the occupation of Messrs. Briggs, Derham and Co. Here the best 
 scrap, nut, rivet, angle, and bar iron, &c, are manufactured. We 
 have seen on the premises specimens of iron twisted into knots like 
 a hempen rope, without the slightest appearance of cracking. 
 
 The East Hiding Iron Works, situated in the same locality, are 
 carried on by Messrs. Allott, Thelwall, and Co., who had the Hull 
 Forge before they erected these premises, a few years ago. This 
 firm have executed for the Government the largest stern forgings for 
 war steamers ever made in Yorkshire. One of these masses of iron, 
 weighing nearly seven tons, was lately made under one of Naylor's 
 patent double action steam hammers — steam for which was gene- 
 rated by Balmforth's Vertical Boilers, of which Messrs. Allott, 
 Thelwall, and Co., are the patentees. 
 
 The Vulcan Iron Works, Scott-street, were established in 1843, 
 by the present proprietors, Messrs. Fowler and Mc. Collin. This 
 firm manufacture all kinds of land and marine engines and boilers, 
 mill and agricultural implements, hydraulic presses, thrashing ma- 
 chines, &c. ; as well as their Patent Pan Tile Machine. The Vul-* 
 can Foundry, Church-street, and the Navigation Iron Works, Rail- 
 way Dock-side, belong also to Messrs. Fowler and Mc. Collin. 
 
 The Green-lane Foundry (Messrs. Thompson and Stather) was 
 built about 30 years ago by a Mr. Garton, for a tobacco mill, and 
 for some years that business was carried on there. The present 
 proprietors converted it into an iron and brass foundry, &c, and en- 
 larged the premises about seventeen years ago. Messrs. Thompson 
 and Stather are engineers, boiler-makers, mill-wrights, manufactu- 
 rers of hydraulic-presses, &c. 
 
 To the credit of Hull we must place the largest Furniture Manu- 
 
 * Besides the Old Foundry, the other principal places of business of this kind in 
 Hull, many years ago, were the " Cyclops Iron Works " in Alfred-street, (the premises 
 now used as the barracks of the Rifle Volunteers); and the foundry of Messrs. Nor- 
 man and Smithson, which occupied a large space at the north end of Sykes-street, 
 extending backwards to New George-street. 

 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 589 
 
 factory in the kingdom, viz., that of Messrs. Richardson and Sons, 
 Bond-street. Every article of first-class furniture, suitable either 
 for the church, the palace, or the mansion, is designed and manu- 
 factured here from the rough log, and carried out to the utmost 
 finish and polish ; and it is a somewhat remarkable circumstance 
 that mansions are furnished by the Messrs. Richardson, not only in 
 every part of this kingdom ; but in many parts of the European and 
 American continents. The business was founded in 1812 by the 
 late Mr. Richardson, who is reputed to have been one of the best 
 cabinet makers of the day, and who procured for three of his sons 
 (the members of the present firm) the means of acquiring a practical 
 knowledge of every department of the furnishing trade. Hence, the 
 superior excellence of this establishment. The premises consist 
 chiefly of four blocks of buildings, extending backwards from Bond- 
 street to Waltham-street. Three of these blocks are three stories 
 in height. The front, cabinet show rooms measure above 100 square 
 feet, and the two upper stories, which contain galleries, are lighted by 
 a glass dome. In allusion to the stock in this establishment, a 
 writer, a few years ago, said that " for quantity, variety, and rich- 
 ness, it bears the palm of excellence over all others. The show 
 rooms (he adds) may be termed curiosities of the industrial arts, for 
 they contain specimens of the carver's skill that astonish by their 
 marvellous beauty, and comprise every article, we should imagine, 
 that invention has furnished, in cabinet goods, from the earliest to 
 the present times." We must certainly endorse this extract. The 
 stock is now too most extensive and superb in every department.* 
 The factory, at the rear of the ware-rooms, is replete with excellent 
 
 * In passing through the ware-rooms we noticed the three beautiful chairs which 
 were made for the throne, when her Majesty the Queen visited Hull, in 1854 (See p. 
 185 ) ; and amongst many other beautiful objects we observed a magnificent marquetry 
 table of Chinese manufacture — a rare curiosity, supposed to be 300 years old, and 
 believed to have belonged to one of the palaces of the late Emperor. It is inlaid with 
 figures in ivory, illustrative of the manners and customs of the people of the " Celestial 
 Empire." We likewise noticed a cabinet of a somewhat similar character, as well 
 as a curious Japanese cabinet. 
 
 The Messrs. Richardson have just completed an elegant case composed of about 
 500 pieces of different kinds of wood, in small sections arranged geometrically; 
 which, filled with 48 samples of the principal corn and oleaginous seeds grown in or 
 imported into England, have been forwarded, by Messrs. F. Helmsing and Co., to the 
 " Commission de la Societe Imperiale Economique St. Petersburg," by request.
 
 590 HISTORY OF KINGST0N-UP0N-HUJLL. 
 
 machinery, much of which is peculiar to the establishment, having 
 been either invented or improved by the proprietors themselves. 
 The number of hands employed by the Messrs. Richardson, inclu- 
 ding upholsterers, carvers, gilders, polishers, painters, decorators, 
 paper hangers, &c, amount to at least 150. 
 
 There are two other establishments for the manufacture of furni- 
 ture, of considerable importance, viz., that of Messrs. Audus and 
 Leggott, and Messrs. H. Glen and Son. The warehouse of the 
 first named firm, in Paragon-street, was built for, and used for 
 some time as a "Christian Temperance Church;" but it subse- 
 quently became a dancing saloon, and a place for wretched exhi- 
 bitions. The lowest grades of the vicious classes were the sole 
 frequenters of the building, and it had long been voted a nuisance. 
 In 1860 Messrs. Audus and Leggott took the place, and converted 
 it into a furnishing establishment, and it is now an ornament to the 
 locality in which it stands, with its neat front, in the Egyptian 
 style of architecture. The manufactory of the firm is in Drypool. 
 Messrs. H. Glenn and Son have furniture shops in Whitefriar-gate, 
 and on Junction Dock-side; and their factory is in Mason-street. 
 
 In Canning-street are the extensive works of Messrs. Jameson 
 and Co., hemp and flax manufacturers, at which up to 200 persons 
 are constantly employed. This is the only establishment in Hull 
 for spinning and weaving hemp and flax by steam power. The 
 premises have been several times extended, and now they form a 
 fine set of warehouses, &c, with a splendid octangular chimney 
 which rises to the height of 120 feet. The machinery here is prob- 
 ably better adapted for its purpose than that of any other establish- 
 ment of the kind in the kingdom. 
 
 At the Kingston Starch Works, Sutton-bank, is manufactured by 
 Messrs. J. Reckitt and Sons, the now well known and highly appre- 
 ciated starch and black lead. The latter article is celebrated as the 
 " Diamond Black Lead." The starch is patented and the black 
 lead is registered. The latter is reputed to be the only really pure 
 article of the kind manufactured in the kingdom. The prize medal 
 was awarded for it, in London, in 1862. The firm are also manu- 
 facturers of powder and ball blue, and large importers of ultra-marine. 
 In a separate department of the extensive premises, the same firm
 
 H1ST0UY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. 591 
 
 manufacture a much admired description of biscuit. Everything 
 is done by steam power. The machinery employed" in the manu- 
 facture of the black lead is of a most minute and complicated charac- 
 ter, and all the recent improvements in the machinery for making 
 biscuits are adopted here. Above 200 persons are employed on 
 the works. 
 
 The Scott-street Works, established in 1858, is another factory 
 for making starch (by a peculiar process), blue, and black lead. 
 Messrs. Howard and Co. are the proprietors; and in the adjoining 
 premises, under the style and title of Henri s Patent Cattle Feed Co., 
 the same firm manufacture a condiment or seasoner called the " Pa- 
 tent Medicated Arabian Horse and Cattle Feed," for which a patent 
 was granted to Mr. G. W. Henri, in January, 1855. In the month 
 of August, in the same year, another patent (also in the possession 
 of this firm) was grauted for "A new compound or meal mixture for 
 feeding cattle." The Messrs. Howard employ about 100 persons. 
 
 The Kingston Cattle Food Company, from whose prospectus we 
 learn that it was established in 1853, are likewise manufacturers of 
 " a highly condensed compound of pure, nutritious, and fattening 
 meals (for cattle), combined with valuable tonic, aromatic, stomachic, 
 and gently stimulating agents." The food is manufactured by 
 Messrs. J. G. W. Willows and Co., at their " Kingston Cake and 
 Oil Mills," in Osborne-street. These gentlemen are also seed 
 crushers and merchants, and their establishment is extensive.* 
 
 * The far-famed " Thorley's Food for Cattle " was first manufactured in Hull, and 
 though Mr. Thorley has removed his busisess to London, we cannot help regarding 
 it as in some measure as of Hull. Dr. Hassall, who analysed this celebrated condi- 
 mental compound for seasoning all kinds of food for animals, bears testimony to the 
 nutritious, fattening, tonic, and stimulating powers which it possesses ; and from 
 other favourable notices of it which we see everywhere, as well as the diplomas and 
 medals which have been awarded to Mr. Thorley, we must conclude that the dietetic 
 uses of the compound cannot be over estimated. Mr. Joseph Thorley, being a native 
 of Hull, where he was born in 1826, a few particulars of his career will not be out of 
 place here. He was apprenticed to a merchant who traded largely in corn, cake, seed, 
 and manure, and who occupied as an office the room in which it is believed Wilber- 
 force drew his first breath (See p. 306.) After fulfilling the terms of his indenture 
 he continued in the employment of the same merchant a few years longer, and then 
 he entered into business on his own account as a general merchant. Daily inter- 
 course with farmers and graziers for several years made him familiar with their 
 wants, and in the year 1850 we find him successfully manufacturing " Thorley's 
 Mixture," a farinaceous compound for cattle. This mixture soon rendered its dis-
 
 599 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Whilst on the subject of cattle condiments, we may mention 
 another Hull invention, the "Yorkshire Condition Powders for 
 Horses," which have enjoyed a thirty years good reputation. They 
 are now prepared by Mr. E. Jubb, veterinary chemist, Chariot- 
 street 
 
 Messrs. George Ellison and Co. manufacture the articles indi- 
 cated in title of their establishment, the Kingston Mustard, Blue, and 
 Black Lead Works. They also manufacture chicory. Before the 
 year 1830 this establishment, which is situated in New George- 
 street, was a mustard mill only ; but since that period, the business 
 has been carried on by the present firm, and the other branches of 
 trade added. Mr. Ellison is an Alderman of the borough. 
 
 There are three Tobacco Manufacturers in Hull — Messrs. W. B. 
 Carrick, R. Wilson, and J. Woodall and Co. ; and there is but one 
 house for the manufacture of cigars, viz., Messrs. G. W. T. Ward 
 and Co., who are also corn and seed merchants. The large ware- 
 house at North Bridge, belonging to this firm, belonged to Lieut.- 
 Commander Fox, R.N., who was maternal grandfather to Mr. G. 
 W. T. Ward.* 
 
 The Sugar Rejineru which, it is stated at page 318, Mr. W. Field 
 had erected on a portion of the site of an ancient mansion in High- 
 street, commenced operations in the beginning of the present year 
 
 coverer famous in this locality, and throughout Yorkshire and Lincolnshire generally 
 and in 1856 he invented that renowned condiment which has made his name famous 
 on both sides of the Atlantic. In 1857 Mr. Thorley removed to London, where he 
 opened extensive premises for manufacturing this useful and necessary article, and 
 there he continues to pursue a most successful career. 
 
 * Lieut. George Fox was a native of Scarborough, and died at his residence, Story- 
 street, Hull, in 1853, in his 83rd year. He entered the navy in 1795, A.B., on board 
 the Malabar, and assisted at the reduction of Demerara, Essequibo, Berbice, and St. 
 Lucia. Soon afterwards he became midshipman of the Pallas. He was on board the 
 flag-ship of Lord Keith, when that officer pursued the French fleet up and down the 
 Mediterranean ; and he served at the blockade of Malta. He witnessed the fall of 
 Genoa, and after the battle of Marengo, he, by extraordinary courage and great ability, 
 effected the deliverance of a man of war and two transports. He attended Lord 
 Keith in the expedition to Egypt. In 1801 he was promoted to the rank of Lieu- 
 tenant, and in later years he held the successive command on the home station. In 
 the general promotion, at the end of the war, he appears to have been very undeser- 
 vedly passed over ; and in 1817 he accepted the rank of a retired commander. In 
 1806 he married the daughter of Thomas Barnby, Esq., an eminent merchant and 
 shipowner of Hull.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UTON-IIULL. 598 
 
 (1864); and here the finest sugar, in the purest state, is now heing 
 manufactured by machinery on a new principle, known as "Miller's 
 Patent for Improvements in the Manufacture of Sugar." From a 
 printed Report on this patent, we learn that it " relates to an im- 
 proved method of evaporating saccharine solutions at temperatures 
 below those at which they boil under the ordinary pressure of the 
 atmosphere ;" that in the manufacture of sugar, " it is well known " 
 that " the success of the operation depends principally upon the 
 manner in which the solutions are evaporated ;" and that by Mr. 
 Miller's process most important improvements are effected for eva- 
 porating the saccharine solutions. The authors of this Report 
 (Messrs. A. W. Hofmann, F.R.S., and T. Redwood, Ph.D., F.C.S., 
 Professors of Chemistry) speak very highly of this new process for 
 making sugar. Mr. Field's is the only Sugar Refinery in England 
 at present worked on Miller's Patent. 
 
 Organ Building is one of the manufacturing branches of business 
 for which Hull is remarkable. Messrs. Forster and Andrews are 
 the largest organ builders in the provinces. Their factory, in Char- 
 lotte-street, was formerly the Hull Mechanics' Institute (See p. 501), 
 and they commenced their business here in 1843. Since then they 
 have built and erected upwards of 300 large organs in nearly all 
 parts of the world. The division of labour in the establishment is 
 carried out to great perfection. Here we find organ case, building 
 frame, sound-board, bellows, key, small work, wood pipe, metal pipe, 
 reed, &c, makers ; and in the timber sheds may be seen immense 
 quantities of wood in various stages of seasoning — it being a rule 
 that no wood shall be used in the construction of an organ until it 
 has been cut up and exposed to the air for three years. 
 
 Besides the instruments built for Hull by this celebrated firm, 
 they have erected organs in England, among other places, in Trinity 
 Church, Coventry ; St. Mary's Church, Newark; All Souls' Church, 
 Halifax ; St. Mary's Church, Leicester ; Cottingham Church, near 
 Hull; the Wesleyan Chapel, Selby; in Churches at Lynn, and at 
 Grimsargh, in Lancashire ; in the Ebenezer Chapel, Keighley ; the 
 Independent Chapel, Heckmondwyke; in Kirkstall Church, and the 
 Churches of Hessle, Huumanby, Brandesburton, Hornsea, Conis- 
 brough, Kirkstall, Hatfield, New Mill, Barvdck-in-Elmet, South 
 
 4 G
 
 594: HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Ossett, Cockermouth, the Catholic Church, Clifford, &c. At pre- 
 sent they are constructing a grand organ for the new Catholic 
 Church of St. Wilfred, York, and large organs for St. Matthew's 
 Church, Liverpool; for two Catholic Churches and the Exchange 
 Hall at Dundee; and for Nicholson's-square Chapel, Edinburgh. 
 There was an organ from this establishment in the International 
 Exhibition, in London, in 1861, which has been very highly spoken 
 of and written about by most competent judges. 
 
 Mr. George Pickering, of Prospect-street, watch and clock maker, 
 was, for many years, a manufacturer, in Hull, of eight day clocks, 
 and the last person here who made them. In front of Mr. Picker- 
 ing's house is now an illuminated clock, which is of considerable 
 acquisition to the public. 
 
 Mr. Edmund Balchin, who occupies the premises in Myton-gate 
 formerly in the possession of Wallis, the gunsmith and antiquary, 
 is the introducer and patentee of the " Patent Bomb Lance," an im- 
 proved construction of projectile, adapted for the requirements of the 
 whale fishery. According to the " Practical Mechanics' Journal " 
 for January, 1860, this is an explosive lance which may be fired 
 from an ordinary harpoon gun, and having struck the whale, will 
 explode and inflict a mortal wound, and thus prevent the lingering 
 torture to which whales are often exposed before their final capture. 
 
 Mr. John Stather, of Spring-bank, is the inventor, patentee, and 
 sole manufacturer of the "Photo-oak and Granite Papers;" as well 
 of Machine oil painted paper hangings. These are of course wash- 
 able. Mr. Stather, who is a native of Hull, was a letter-press 
 printer in Dock-street, and about half a dozen years ago he invented 
 a machine for colour printing : but not finding sufficient scope in 
 Hull for that description of work, he attempted, and succeeded with 
 his machine in producing a new style of oak graining on paper, 
 which at once commanded an extensive sale. He is the only manu- 
 facturer of this beautiful article in the world. By the same process, 
 Mr. Stather now produces also granite and other papers in oil colours. 
 Papers from this establishment are sent to all parts, and this is not 
 surprising, seeing that the printed paper is more elegant and solid 
 in appearance than the finest painting on wood by the ordinary 
 process.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 595 
 
 There are four establishments in Hull for the manufacture of 
 Roman, Portland, and other Cements, Plaster of Paris, <£c. This 
 branch of trade was first introduced into England by a Mr. Parker, 
 about 70 years ago, and the first works for the manufacture of ce- 
 ment were erected at Sands' End, near Whitby. The first manu- 
 facturers of this article in Hull were Messrs. George and Thomas 
 Earle,. and the late Mr. William Thomas soon followed their example. 
 The Cement and Plaster Works of the Messrs. Earle, situated on 
 the Humber bank, comprise several large kilns, and three good 
 chimneys, each about 100 feet in height. The Messrs. Earle are 
 also marble merchants. 
 
 Mr. Edward Hunter, manager and successor to the late Mr. 
 Thomas, has his Cement Works in Church-street, Sculcoates. Mr. 
 Hunter also prepares Coprolites (raised at his mine at Speeton) for 
 the manufacture of Superphosphate of Lime, &c. The two other 
 firms for the manufacture of cements are Messrs. Henry Peck and 
 Co. and Messrs. Tapp and Aston. 
 
 Portland cement is used in the construction of harbours, docks, 
 waterworks, railway bridges, &c, as well as for making artificial 
 stone — which stone is harder than any natural stone except granite. 
 
 On Humber-bank are Messrs. Deheer and Co.'s premises for the 
 manufacture of resin oil, antifriction grease, and chemical manures. 
 Mr. Deheer was the first person to introduce the manufacture of 
 this description of oil and grease out of London, up to 30 years ago ; 
 and then there was but one establishment in the trade in London. 
 Cod liver oil, for curriers' purposes, is likewise made on these pre- 
 mises. 
 
 Messrs. Smithson and Mayfield carry on the business of Paper 
 Manufacturers; Messrs. Winship and Raymond, the business of 
 Phosphate of Lime Manufacturers ; and the latter firm and two or 
 three others manufacture Artificial Manure. Messrs. T. J. Foster 
 and Son and a few others are Soap Manufacturers ; Messrs. God- 
 dard and Son are Manufacturing Stationers ; Messrs. Hockney and 
 Liggins, about four years ago, introduced into Hull the system of 
 manufacturing every article of building materials in wood, for 
 joiners and builders, by steam machinery. 
 
 Mr. John Freeman, druggist, Saville-street, is the inventor and
 
 590 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUIX. 
 
 proprietor of the " Medicated Pomade Chryselseum," for purifying 
 and promoting the growth of hair. 
 
 Thus have we glanced at the principal Manufactures of the town 
 of Hull. The Commerce of the port is noticed at page 284. 
 
 The Baltic Steam Trade is of great importance to the port. Du- 
 ring the past year (1863) there were 39 steamers engaged in that 
 branch of the trade of the place, which made 253 voyages. In the 
 previous year 40 steamers made 257 voyages. In 1863 the num- 
 ber of Hull steamers engaged in foreign trade was 114, of 46,248 
 tons burthen. In the same year but four vessels sailed out of Hull 
 in the Whale Fishing trade, which was once so famous here (See 
 p. 280).* 
 
 The Oil Seed Crushing trade is a most important one here. There 
 is more linseed imported into Hull than into all the other ports of 
 the kingdom taken together. Last year the vast amount of 450,000 
 quarters — the largest importation on record — arrived in the port. 
 It was upwards of 3,000 quarters in advance of the previous year, 
 though in the latter year, one firm alone, Messrs. Blundell, Spence, 
 and Co., imported no less than 100,000 quarters of it. This firm 
 was established in 1811, and on the 1st of January, 1864, after 
 carrying on the seed trade for upwards of 30 years, and at which 
 date they were the largest crushers in the world, they declined that 
 branch of their business in favour of their successors, Messrs. 
 Walker and Smith — who now occupy the four mills of the old firm, 
 and carry on the seed crushing business on nearly as extensive a 
 scale as the original company. Messrs. Blundell, Spence, and Co. 
 continue the other branches of their business, viz., paint, varnish, 
 and colour manufacturers, lead grinders, and oil refiners. Their 
 principal works are on the Beverley-road, and they give constant 
 employment to about 300 people.f 
 
 Besides Messrs. Walker and Smith, the other principal Oil Seed 
 
 * The first Sleamer that ever sailed for the northern fisheries was despatched from 
 the port of Hull hy Messrs. William Brown, Atkinson, and Co., viz., the " Diana," 
 which is still in the trade. Her date of sailing was February, 1857. 
 
 + The warehouses of this firm in Wincolmlee include the premises of the late Mr. 
 Eobert Bell, sperm candle manufacturer — once the only chandler of the kind in this 
 part of the kingdom. A stone in the front of the building is inscribed " R. B. 1803." 
 Mr. Bell was the owner of two Greenland ships, the Minerva and the Harmony.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPOX-IIir.T,. 507 
 
 Crushers and Cake Makers are Messrs. William Hodge, Henry Hodge, 
 Thomas Hodge, Samuel Hodge and Son, Andrew Duncan, Eyre 
 and Co., Wright Brothers, Harrison and Sons, Ellershaw and Co., 
 W. Irving and Co., Pickering and Son, Willows and Co. (See p. 591), 
 and W. and J. Summers (Victoria Mills).* There are altogether 
 about forty mills in the town employed in this business. They 
 were all formerly worked by " stampers;" but now they are worked 
 by hydraulic presses.! 
 
 The chief Colour Manufactors, Drysalters, dc, are Messrs. Blun- 
 dell, Spence, and Co., Messrs. Sissons Brothers and Co., I Messrs. 
 W. B. Todd and Son,§ Foster and Wrangham, J. S. Westerdale and 
 Co., Storry, Smithsou, and Co., Xewham and Hamilton, Tall and 
 Dunkerley, F. Tall, and E. and H. Allison. 
 
 The timber business, for which the position of the port is ex- 
 cellent, forms another important branch of the trade of Hull; 
 and it is so much on the increase that the Dock Company have 
 recently extended their pond and timber quay accommodation. 
 The trade has advanced in the past three years from a tonnage of 
 about 130,000 tons to nearly 200,000 tons. The chief timber mer- 
 chants are Messrs. B. Wade and Sons, B. and J. Harrison, Bark- 
 worth and Spaldin, Bryson and Jameson, Tealby and Co., C. Heaven 
 and Co., John Dalton and Co., Smithson and Lee, and Ward and 
 Oliver. Mr. Edward Chaloner, the eminent Liverpool timber bro- 
 ker, has a timber yard here, in which he conducts some very large 
 periodical sales, chiefly of mahogany and furniture woods. In a 
 circular addressed to his customers, in the early part of the present 
 
 * The Victoria Mills were erected in 1839 for grinding flour, by Messrs. Goody and 
 Mackey; but about seven years ago they were converted into oil mills. 
 
 + The mill at Stoneferry, belonging to Messrs. Foster and Wrangham (drysalters, 
 but formerly seed crushers), is the only one in Hull, we believe, now capable of 
 crushing with stampers. Apropos of this firm, we have seen on their premises a lin- 
 seed cake, which has been made 25 years, and it is as sound and as perfect as ever. 
 
 + November 25th, 1856, the clerks of the establishment of the Messrs. Sissons 
 (numbering upwards of sixty) presented Mr. Thomas Hall Sissons with a handsome 
 gold penholder and pen. Mr. T. H. Sissons had on that day attained his majority. 
 
 § The Green-lane Colour Worlcs (W. R. Todd and Son) were erected about 20 years 
 ago upon a site previously occupied as an apple garth. In 185:) the present firm 
 erected here a fine block of building, five stories in height, in which are the com- 
 modious offices, &c.
 
 598 nrsTORY of kingston-upon-hull. 
 
 year, this gentleman states that " Hull has many advantages even 
 over Liverpool as a timber mart, through its proximity to the Con- 
 tinent, and through the cheap rates of carriage ruling from that port 
 to the interior of England." 
 
 There is a considerable amount of trade too in the tanning, &c, of 
 leather. One of the most perfect establishments of its kind is the 
 Anlaby-road Tannery, which has, like many other places of bus- 
 iness in Hull, been rebuilt and very much extended. Its owners 
 (Messrs. Thomas Holmes and Son,) are the tanners and manufac- 
 turers of the famous patent walrus and hide leather strapping, now 
 used in the principal works in the kingdom, in which very powerful 
 straps are necessary. Last year this firm supplied two monster 
 straps to the Atlas Works, Sheffield, owned by the Admiralty con- 
 tractors for the supply of plates for the fleet of iron-clads. One of 
 them measured 100 feet in length, 13 inches in width, and weighed 
 463 lbs. ; and the other was 106 feet long, 14 inches wide, and 
 weighed 530 lbs.* There is a quantity of machinery used in 
 Messrs. Holmes's tannery, and a finely proportioned chimney, of 
 brick, 100 feet in height. Adjoining the works is the residence of 
 the Messrs. Holmes, a handsome square built villa, erected by Mr. 
 T. Holmes in 1833, and situated in a neat garden, which contains 
 an elegant conservatory. This place came into the possession of 
 Mr. T. Holmes in 1825. The other principal tanners are Messrs. 
 William Holmes and John Dawson. 
 
 Hull was formerly, as seen at pages 88 and 136 of this history, 
 as famous for good ale as Burton-upon-Trent is at the present day. 
 In the notices of Andrew Marvel, we read of his acknowledging the 
 
 * That eurious, useful, unwieldly, amphibious monster, the walrus or sea horse 
 (more properly sea elephant), is a native of the arctic ocean, and is found chiefly in 
 the Spitzbergen seas. The walrus hunters generally find their prey in herds. The 
 male walrus is called a bull, the female a cow, and the young ones calves. Their 
 skulls are almost impenetrable, and they have long tusks of hard white ivory. Until 
 about nine years ago, the hide of the walrus was used only, in this country, for 
 polishing cutlery ; but at that period the Messrs. Holmes procured their patent for 
 converting it into straps for machinery. The hide of the animal generally weighs, 
 in its raw state, from 100 to 400 pounds, and measures from 10 to 14 feet in length. 
 In its raw state the average thickness of the hide of a full grown walrus is about one 
 inch, but the hide of the neck of the bull walrus is sometimes up to two inches in 
 thickness.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGST0N-UPON-HULL. 599 
 
 present of a cask of prime ale from Hull. Mr. Symons, in bis 
 " High Street," quotes from the " Date Book of Nottingham," a 
 singular bait held out to entice volunteers to join the local militia 
 corps during the American war. They " will be paid a handsome 
 bounty (said the advertisement), and be quartered in the delightful 
 and plentiful town of Kingston-upon-Hull, where excellent ale is 
 sold at only threepence the full quart, fish of the best quality at one 
 penny per pound, and shambles meat at a lower rate than most 
 towns in the kingdom." The lovers of good old English "nut 
 brown " state that the ale brewed here in the present time is as 
 sound-bodied and pure as any in the kingdom. The principal 
 brewers now in Hull are Messrs. Gleadow and Dibb, "Anchor 
 Brewery;"* Mr. Peter Robson ; Mr. John Shaw, "Red Lion 
 Brewery;" Mr. George Smithson, "Providence Brewery;" Messrs. 
 Robinson and Smith, "Victoria Brewery;" Mr. William Warden, 
 " Derringham Brewery ;" Mr. John Platford ; Messrs. R. and G. 
 Chatterton, the " Groves Brewery ;" and Messrs. Brodrick and Co. 
 The exportation of the agricultural implements of the best En- 
 glish makers, to all parts of the continent of Europe, is a branch of 
 trade recently introduced here, and one that is likely to be very suc- 
 cessful. The Hull Advertiser of July 11th, 1863, says : — 
 
 " Among one of the new branches of trade opened in Hull lately is the export of 
 agricultural implements, which promises to increase every year. Until now the 
 foreign land proprietors were only guided by what they saw at the agricultural shows 
 in this country, and had to correspond with the manufacturers direct. It is, however, 
 well known that every manufacturer has more or less got a name for either one or the 
 other special machines, and a land proprietor can never get satisfactorily supplied 
 with all the machines he requires from one and the same maker. As yet the export 
 of agricultural implements has not attracted the attention of the export houses, and 
 as far as we can ascertain there only existed until now one firm in London which ex- 
 ecuted orders for agricultural implements ; but we find Messrs. Frederick Hclmsing 
 and Co., of this port have, during the last two or three years, been in the habit of ex- 
 porting agricultural implements and other machines to the Continent, and have this 
 year materially extended this branch of their establishment. They have not only 
 published an illustrated German catalogue, arranged systematically, and full of va- 
 
 * The new Malt House on the Anlaby-road, belonging to Messrs. Gleadow and 
 Dibb, built in 18G2, ranks amongst the largest and most complete buildings of the 
 kind in the kingdom. It is of red brick, has some pretensions to architectural cha- 
 racter, and is an ornament to the locality in which it is situated. The building is 
 210 feet long by 45 wide, and contains three working floors and one for storing grain. 
 Mr. William Sissons designed it.
 
 600 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HUXL. 
 
 luable information, and which must give every one confidence in their good judgment, 
 but they also attended agricultural shows on the Continent, and have this year taken 
 twelve prizes at the Ninth Danish Agricultural Show, held at Odense. Thus they 
 give the foreign land occupiers every opportunity of making themselves fully ac- 
 quainted with every new invention and improvement in this country, and are also in 
 a position, from the experience they must have in this particular branch of business, 
 to recommend to their correspondents abroad the best of every kind of machine which 
 is made, while the manufacturers will always prefer to deal with a respectable firm in 
 this country than to correspond, in a foreign language, with an unknown laud pro- 
 prietor abroad." 
 
 Shops. — The principal streets of Hull are lined with shops, 
 some of which are not inferior to the best in the metropolis. What 
 & contrast between the old fashioned shop windows of fifty years 
 ago, and the large and splendid plate glass fronts of the present 
 day. The shops in the Market-place consisted of two narrow bow 
 windows each, with several small panes of glass, and when at the 
 opening of the present century, the grocery establishment (now of 
 Mr. Robert Beal, late Messrs. Cook and Frankish), adjoining the 
 Cross Keys Hotel, had two large bow windows inserted in its front, 
 they were looked upon as something extraordinary. These, now 
 old fashioned windows, still remain in this shop, together with the 
 time-worn stone steps at the doorway. The improved system both 
 of shop architecture and shop-keeping mark the progress of civili- 
 sation, as much perhaps as anything else. 
 
 The drapers' shops in Hull eclipse all the others, and the great 
 establishment in the Market-place, carried on by Messrs. Edwin Davis 
 and Co., soars above them all in grandeur. The business of this 
 house was transferred, in 1830, to Mr. F. Ullathorne, with whom 
 Mr Edwin Davis (the present Sheriff of Hull), entered into part- 
 nership in 1841. Mr. Ullathorne died in 1850. The premises 
 have several times been enlarged, and now they extend from the 
 Market-place backwards to Vicar-lane, and on the north to Church- 
 side — having several entrances. The grand entrance in the Mar- 
 ket-place, put up in the spring of the present year (1864), is a 
 noble plate glass front with a beautiful cornice carried up to the 
 top of the second story, and tends materially to add to the adorn- 
 ment of the locality. The Vicar-lane front, inserted last year, is a 
 bold cut stone one with a good frieze supported by pillars. The 
 interior of the premises has recently been very much improved.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 601 
 
 There are upwards of 80 assistants employed here, but, including 
 tailors, cloak-makers, milliners, &c, the number of persons depen- 
 dent for support upon the firm is above 200. There are 18 depart- 
 ments, each having its own buyer. There is a Reading Room, and 
 a Library of about 500 vols., for the use of the employees. 
 
 Another monstre drapery and clothing establishment (with the 
 addition of a most extensive furniture warehouse, and the manu- 
 facture of boots and shoes) but in a different part of the town, is 
 that of Messrs. Maw, Till, and Kirke. This firm carry on their ex- 
 tensive business in three large houses, situated respectively in 
 Bridge-street, Dock Office-row, and Charlotte-street ; and they have, 
 besides these, a manufactory in Trippet-street. Between fifty and 
 sixty years ago Mr. William Pexton established a drapery business 
 at the corner of Dock Office-row, and, having subsequently entered 
 into partnership with Mr. John Maw, his nephew, they rebuilt and 
 enlarged the old premises. Upon the retirement of Mr. Pexton, 
 the present firm was formed, and in time the establishment arrived 
 at its present vast proportions. One house is now devoted exclu- 
 sively to the carpet business ; another (immediately opposite to it) 
 to the linen and woollen drapery business — to which the millinery 
 and boot and shoe departments are annexed ; and at a short distance 
 from these is the splendid and extensive furniture warehouse. The 
 latter occupies the former residence of Keiro Watson, Esq., late 
 banker, Hull. The house has been altered to suit its present pur- 
 pose, and on the site of the garden the firm have erected an ad- 
 ditional warehouse, three stories in height, which extends back- 
 wards to Mason-street. This annexe is above 100 feet in length. 
 One elegant apartment in it is set apart for mahogany and other 
 wooden bedsteads ; and another for brass and iron bedsteads. The 
 number of individuals employed by Messrs. Maw, Till, and Kirke, 
 considerably exceed 100. 
 
 At the Sculcoates side of the town, in Charles-street, is a large 
 drapery establishment with an extensive front, belonging to Mr. 
 Thomas Howdle. 
 
 At the Market-place corner of Silver-street stands the fine house 
 which was, for many years, the place of business of the late Alder- 
 man Joseph Jones (See p. 179). The premises have been divided, 
 
 4 H
 
 602 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 and the present occupants are Messrs. Robert Walmaley and Co., and 
 Messrs. West and Hutchinson — both drapers, &c. The latter firm, 
 who have an entrance in the Market-place and another in Silver- 
 street, employ above 40 hands, including those engaged in the 
 manufacture of mantles, &c. Close to the Silver-street front of the 
 latter shop is a good building, with an arcaded front of nine arches, 
 called De la Pole House. This contains three drapery establish- 
 ments, belonging respectively to Messrs. William Jack, Edmund 
 Locking, and R. Ostler and Son. Adjoining is the well known 
 linen warehouse of Mr. W. Jack. Immediately opposite is the ex- 
 tensive drapery establishment of Messrs. Macpherson and Co. The 
 highly successful draper, Sir John Arnott, Knt., late M.P. for Kin- 
 sale, and Mayor of Cork, was, until lately, a partner in this busi- 
 ness. Above 50 persons are employed here. 
 
 Among the best shops in Whitefriar-gate are those of Messrs. 
 Latham and Co., ironmongers, J. W. Holder, music warehouse, T. 
 and D. Kidd, hosiers, &c, B. Jacobs, silversmith, J. Archibald, J. 
 M. Stark and W. Harvatt, booksellers, H. Rivett, hosier, Samson 
 and Nathan, china and glass warehouse, Plaxton, stationer, H. 
 Glen and Son, cabinet makers, R. Warwick and R. Medd, tailors 
 and drapers, Woods Brothers, hosiers, H. Dixon, and W. Raynor, 
 drapers. Here, too, is the fine drapery establishment of Messrs. 
 Marris, Willows, and Smith (See p. 185). 
 
 To return to the Market-place. Nearly all the shops here are 
 very good. One of the most elegant modern fronts is that of the 
 china establishment of Messrs. S. and H. Woolf — a branch of the 
 London, Paris, &c, houses of the same firm. The modern shop 
 and house front of Messrs. Jennison and Son, drapers, opposite it, 
 is also a neat one. An instance of the changes effected in the 
 shops in the Market-place, even within the last quarter of a century, 
 may be cited in the transformed appearance of the house numbered 
 44. This house, by the way, now the fine establishment of Messrs. 
 Sly and Pyatt (late Sidney and Sly), tea merchants and importers, 
 connects Hull with the headship of the Corporation of London. 
 Some 20 years ago the shop exhibited two narrow old fashioned bow 
 windows, with miserably small panes, and its occupier was an old,
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 003 
 
 well-known, eccentric bookseller, named Ferriby. At tbat period 
 it was taken on lease by tbat noted revolutionist in the tea trade, 
 Mr. Thomas Sidney, who altered and converted it into one of the 
 dozen off-shoots of his great metropolitan establishment, which he 
 opened in the principal towns in England. This gentleman, it may 
 be observed, en passant, was a great benefactor to the tea-drinking 
 public, for he did much to break down the monopoly which, until 
 his time, existed in the tea trade, and, as a consequence, to reduce 
 the price of tea. Mr. Sidney is now M.P. for Stafford, and an 
 Alderman of London. In 1853 he filled the office of Lord Mayor 
 of London. Mr. Sly, the head of the Hull firm of Sly and Pyatt, 
 was, for some years, the partner of Mr. Alderman Sidney. 
 
 Whilst referring to Grocery warehouses, it may be observed that 
 the house in the Market-place, at the corner of Myton-gate, is per- 
 haps the oldest establishment of that trade in Hull. About half a 
 century ago, the late Mr. John Lee Smith (a Magistrate of the 
 borough, and twice Mayor of Hull) served his apprenticeship in it, 
 and afterwards, for many years, carried on a most extensive business 
 in the same shop. At the head of Mr. Smith's advertisements in 
 the Hull Advertiser newspaper, in 1829, is a wood-cut of the house, 
 exhibiting an old-fashioned double-window front, the window on the 
 south side of the door being a bay, exactly similar to the ancient 
 looking windows in the shop front of Mr. Robert Beal's grocery 
 establishment, nearly opposite, and already referred to. From Mr. 
 Smith's advertisement, we learn that he, too, was an enemy to high 
 prices, and a destroyer of monopoly. Mr. Lee Smith's successor 
 in this place of business is Mr. Walter Hempstock. 
 
 There are several other extensive Grocery establishments, worthy 
 of remark, did the limits of this volume admit of it. Among them 
 may be noticed those of Messrs. James L. Thompson, Myton-gate, 
 H. B. Nightingale, Myton-gate, W. Field, W. B. Nightingale, and 
 J. F. Askham, Market-place ; Wharton and Co., Junction-street, J. 
 S. Pool, Pryme-street, and Henry Wilson, at the corner of Saville- 
 street and George-street (See p. 185). The latter establishment was 
 opened in 1804, by Mr. Thomas Gelson, who came hither from 
 High-street, as the better class families were then leaving that 
 locality, and fixing their residences in George-street and its neigh-
 
 604 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 bourhood. Mr. Gelson was succeeded by his two sons, who died 
 in within a day or two of each other, of cholera, in 1849 ; and the 
 premises were then taken by Mr. AVilson, whose parents had also 
 died of the same frightful malady at Hedon, about the same time, 
 and within the space of two or three days of each other. Mr. Wil- 
 son has considerably enlarged the business part of the premises, and 
 added the wine and spirit trade. 
 
 Hotels and Inns. — The most important of the old inns of Hull 
 was the King's Head, in High-street, already noticed at page 317. 
 The George Lin, in the same street, is referred to at page 307. 
 The Cross Keys Hotel, in the Market-place, became the principal 
 inn in later times. Before the introduction of the " iron ways," 
 this was the coaching house, and the great hotel for the county 
 families, and it had stabling annexed to it for above forty horses. 
 It still holds its place among the first class inns of the town. Ori- 
 ginally the hostelry was entirely on the south side of the present 
 yard, but then it included the house and premises now in the occu- 
 pation of Mr. R. Beal, grocer ; and from the two ascertained facts 
 that, many years ago, a human skull was dug up in the yard of the 
 latter house, and that some bones of human bodies were found when 
 a drain was being made in the hotel yard, it appears not improbable 
 that there was once a place of sepulture on the spot ; or that the 
 cemetery of the Black Friary extended to it (See p. 354). This 
 hotel is now conducted by Mrs. Varley.* 
 
 * The sign of the Cross Keys has most undoubtedly reference to the Church, and. 
 to the ancient jurisdiction which the Archbishop of York had here (See pp. 58, 278). 
 It may reasonably be conjectured that several of the inn signs of the present day had 
 their origin during the wars of the red and white roses, and the terrible struggle 
 between royalty and democracy in the seventeenth century. At the former period there 
 were houses of entertainment for each " party," designated by a white or red sign or 
 signal hoisted. In every town where awhile sign is to be found, there, almost surely, 
 is its opposite, a red one. The White Hart and the Red Lion, are generally amongst 
 the signs of the oldest inns in most places. The term " under the rose " is said to 
 have originated in some way during the " wars of the roses." The Green Man was 
 surely, when Puritanism prevailed, a covert reference to Charles II. in the friendly 
 oak green. The King's Head sounds loyal, and doubtless was a concession to the 
 " Merry Monarch," on his restoration to the throne. The Ruing Sun looks like an 
 allegory of the rising fortunes of the same Sovereign. The Hampshire Hog, an anti- 
 Cromwellianism. The Goat and Compasses, and the Three Compasses, sound like the 
 legend — God encompasses us — and would be a puritanical sign, to be read by the 
 initiated. The Magpie and Slump would be a satire on the Puritans; the Magpie
 
 HISTORY OF KTNOSTON-UPON-IJULL. C05 
 
 The next inn, in point of antiquarian interest, is the White Hart, 
 which is supposed to have been the residence of Sir John Hotham, 
 Governor of Hull. The front, now in a passage off Silver-street, 
 still retains its ancient aspect, aud no doubt the house had once a 
 court-yard and gardens around it. The oak staircase is massive, 
 and upon the first floor are two good rooms entirely wainscotted 
 with panels of oak. One of these, now called the " Oak Room," 
 was formerly designated the " Plotting Parlour," because it is sup- 
 posed that the Council of War was held in it, at which it was re- 
 solved to refuse Charles I. admittance within the gates of the town 
 (See p. 107). The mantel-piece exhibits some good wood carving; 
 and on one side of the fireplace is a door in the panelling, which 
 led to a secret passage now blocked up. When closed, this door- 
 way is not perceptible. In the room is an arm chair, in which is 
 inserted a metal plate bearing this inscription : — " This chair is 
 made of oak taken from the building in High-street, where it is 
 said the celebrated and patriotic Andrew Marvel served his clerk- 
 ship ;" The kitchen of the house (now used as the bar) retains the 
 old arch of the large fire-place, in a very perfect state. The White 
 Hart Inn is kept by Mr. William Hawkes. 
 
 The Royal Station Hotel is the most modern, and consequently 
 the grandest establishment of the kind in Hull. It is already de- 
 scribed at page 572. The present proprietor is Mr. John Holiday. 
 When the Queen visited Hull in 1854, the royal party sojourned at 
 this hotel (See p. 184). A short distance from it is the Paragon 
 (Mr. G. H. Howden), to which is attached stabling for a very large 
 number of horses. The George, in Whitefriar-gate, has for its land- 
 lord Mr. Edwin Taylor; the Kingston, in the Market-place, Mr. 
 Henry Dean ; Glovers Hotel, in Queen-street, Mr. James Glover; 
 the Vittoria, in Nelson-street, Mr. W. Bainton ; the Minerva, at 
 South-end, Mr. J. Hurst; and the Bull and Sun, Myton-gate, is 
 
 representing the Puritan preaching from the stump of a tree. The Red Lion was form- 
 erly a British soldier, who fights like a lion. The Green Dragon is douhtless a corruption 
 of Green Dragoon. The Bull and Mouth is a corruption of Boulogne Mouth, a sign 
 adopted in commemoration of the destruction of the French flotilla at the mouth of 
 Boulogne harhour, in 1544. The Bull and Sun had, probably, its origin in the same 
 affair. The Bag of Nails was, most likely, the Bacchanalians. The Pig and Wliistle, 
 the Peg (tankard) and Wassail.
 
 606 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 kept by Mr. George Hartley. These are the principal hotels in the 
 town ; but there are here altogether 297 licensed victuallers, and 
 80 beer retailers. 
 
 Markets, Fairs, &c. — The chartered market-days are Tuesday 
 and Friday, but the principal market is held on Tuesday. There 
 is also a crowded market for flesh and vegetables on Saturday 
 evening, for the accommodation of the towns people. The market- 
 place forms part of the public streets, (See p. 321,) but the desira- 
 bility necessary for a new covered market has been felt and ac- 
 knowledged during the past quarter of a century. The question 
 has, however, been a vexed one, and for many years the division 
 of feeling has not been for the necessity of such a market, but as 
 to where it should be placed. The Butchers' Shambles, in Queen- 
 street, occupy the site of the Black Friary and the old Guild Hall. 
 Queen-street, from the south end of the Market place, was formerly 
 called the Butchery, from which it will be inferred that it was once 
 lined with butchers' shops. " The Butchery (says Tickell, writing 
 in 1796) till very lately communicated with the Market-place, 
 through a gateway under the Sessions House, and part of the old 
 gaol, which have lately been taken down, and the passage laid 
 open." A portion of the shambles (formerly the place for the corn 
 market) is used as a Fish Market. A row of butchers' shops stood, 
 several years ago, along the east end of High Church. The Corn 
 Exchange is described at page 510. There is a commodious Cattle 
 and Pig Market (lately enlarged) in Edward-street. A Wool Market 
 is held weekly in June and July, in the North Eastern Kailway 
 Company's warehouse, Kingston-street. The latter market has been 
 held since the 29th of June, 1841. 
 
 The Spring Fair, for the sale of horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, and 
 goods in general, takes place annually, on the second Tuesday in 
 April. This fair was first held on the 9th of April, 1839. Another 
 fair for horses, cattle, &c, takes place on the 11th and 12th of Oc- 
 tober. The latter is a large pleasure fair. 
 
 Friendly Societies. — Besides the benevolent institutions al- 
 ready noticed in this work, there are in Hull a number of friendly 
 benevolent brotherhoods, the foremost of which are two Masonic 
 Lodges; for, although their peculiar objects are of an exclusively
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 607 
 
 private character, yet the hand of relief is never withheld from the 
 poor and distressed, irrespective of creed or nation. 
 
 The Minerva Lodge, the elder of the two, was founded in 1782, 
 and was originally held at the " Masons' Arms " inn, Chapel-lane. 
 The present hall, in Prince-street, was opened on the Oth of De- 
 cember, 1802, and in 18G3, after the building was thoroughly re- 
 paired and enlarged, the lodge was re-dedicated on the 23rd of 
 November. The lodge room is now one of the neatest in this 
 country, and contains a fine portrait of Mr. Simeon Mosely, painted 
 by Mr. J. P. Green ; and busts of several distinguished members of 
 the masonic order. The lower story of the hall contains a ban- 
 quetting room. In connexion with this lodge there is a Benevolent 
 Fund for the relief of poor and distressed freemasons and their 
 widows, which was established by Mr. A. 0. Arden, in 1856.* 
 Mr. J. F. Holden is the present Worshipful Master of the Minerva 
 Lodge; Mr. S. Mosely is the First Principal of the Boyal Arch 
 Chapter ; Mr. B. Jacobs is the Master of the Mark Masters' Lodge, 
 which is also held here. Mr. M. C. Peck, jun., is Superintendent, 
 of Works for this Province, and Secretary to the Minerva Lodge. 
 
 The Humber Lodge was established in 1809, and was formerly 
 held at the " Turk's Head " inn, Myton-gate. The foundation stone 
 of the present hall, situated in Osborne-street, was laid on the 7th 
 of May, 1827, by K. M. Beverley, Esq. The lodge was opened 
 with much solemnity, a full account of which is given in Dr. Oli- 
 ver's " Preston's Illustrations of Masonry." The lodge is spacious, 
 richly furnished, and contains several fine paintings, amongst which 
 are three large ones of Faith, Hope, and Charity, copied from the 
 east window of Holy Trinity Church, and presented to the lodge by 
 the then Master, Mr. M. C. Peck, sen. ; and portraits of the Duke of 
 Sussex, Messrs. Jeremiah Stark, and Lieut. Crow. There is also 
 
 * The Benevolent Fund has received considerable additions from amateur theatrical 
 entertainments produced by members of the lodge, under the direction of the founder. 
 These entertainments, which have now become the most fashionable assemblies in 
 Hull, were commenced in 1857, and have since been continued yearly. In December 
 1862, the masonic amateur actors gave an extra performance at the Public Rooms, in 
 aid of the distressed cotton factory operatives of Hull. The chief performers on 
 these occasions have been Messrs. Bethel Jacobs, A. O. Arden, J. F. Holden, R. E. 
 Harrison, J. Harrison, and C. G. Rust.
 
 608 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 a neat tablet in commemoration of the late Mr. T. Feetam, one of 
 the founders of the lodge.* The present Worshipful Master of the 
 Humber Lodge is Mr. Charles Spilman Todd,f and Mr. J. P. 
 Backwell is the Secretary. J 
 
 A third masonic lodge, to be called the Kingston Lodge, is about 
 to be opened this month (May, 1864) in the Royal Station Hotel. 
 Mr. Simeon Mosely is the Master-elect. 
 
 The Odd Fellows (Manchester Unity) have a good hall in Low- 
 gate, formerly the Meeting House of the Society of Friends (See p. 
 436). There is another body of this kind called the " Grand United 
 Order of Odd Fellows ;" and the other principal provident societies 
 are the "Ancient Order of Forcsters,"§ the "Ancient Order of 
 Druids," the "Ancient Shepherdesses," the " United Fishermen's 
 Society,"[| &c. The " Trinity Provident Society " was founded at 
 
 * In the Hull Cemetery is a tall and elegant obelisk, " erected by members of tbe 
 Humber Lodge of Freemasons, to perpetuate the memory and valuable services of 
 Thomas Feetam, P.M.,P.P.,G.S.D., who died in 1858, aged 65. This gentleman 
 was twice Master and 30 years Treasurer of that lodge, and from his careful and eco- 
 nomical management of the funds, the society now possess an accumulated fund of 
 .£3,000. invested, applicable for the relief of its members. 
 
 + Mr. C. S. Todd has recently propounded an excellent scheme for establishing a 
 College in Hull for the benefit of all classes in the neighbourhood requiring a sound, 
 liberal, middle class education, but more especially for the members of the great 
 masonic body. Such an institution is much needed here, and not only the free- 
 masons, but every one who desires to uphold the honour and dignity of Hull should 
 support it. The proposed name of the institute is St. John's College. 
 
 * There was formerly a " Rodney Lodge " of Free and Accepted Masons in Hull, 
 who erected the building in Myton-gate, still called the Masonic Hall. This hall was 
 opened on the 28th of August, 1800, a part of the ceremonial being a grand masonic 
 procession, which (according to the newspapers of the period) exceeded anything of 
 the kind ever witnessed in this part of the kingdom for splendour. The day was fine, 
 and since the Revolution Jubilee in 1788 (See p. 146) so large a concourse of people 
 had not been seen in Hull. 
 
 § On the 29th of June, 1863 a " Great Amalgamated Demonstration and Gala" of 
 the foresters of Yorkshire and several other counties, took place at Hull, when a large 
 procession, with numerous flags and banners, and accompanied by several bands of 
 music, paraded the principal streets. The gala was held in a field off the Beverley 
 road, and 16,000 persons are said to have paid for admission to it. The amusements 
 included a balloon ascent by Mr. C. A. Ayre. On the following day a number of the 
 officers and delegates from various towns breakfasted together at the Cross Keys Hotel, 
 after which Mr. Town Councillor Story occupied the chair, when the usual loyal and 
 patriotic toasts were disposed of. 
 
 || In 1853, the members of the United Fishermen's Society presented Anthony
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 600 
 
 the opening of the year 1863, when E. S. Wilson, Esq., presented 
 the body with a donation of £100. in aid of their funds, and John 
 Lurasden, Esq., gave a donation of £25. for the same purpose. 
 The main objects of this society is to induce seamen to be provident 
 in their habits so as to insure an annuity at 00 years of age, to give 
 relief in cases of temporary or permanent disablement, and to create 
 a provision for the widows and orphans of seamen. 
 
 A Working Men's Club is about to be established in Hull. 
 
 Society for the Relief of Distressed Foreigners. — A charitable desire 
 to afford timely assistance and support to really unfortunate and 
 deserving foreigners, and to protect the public against the schemes 
 of the worthless, induced several foreign merchants, resident in 
 Hull, to meet at the offices of Messrs. F. Helmsing and Co., in April, 
 1847, when it was resolved that this institution should be estab- 
 lished. A committee was then appointed, voluntary subscriptions 
 were solicited, and the operations of the society soon commenced ; 
 and out of it has since sprang into existence all the societies for 
 similar objects in this country, except that in London. The Hull 
 body is an independent one, but it corresponds and acts in unison 
 with all the kindred societies in Englaud. The system adopted by 
 the societies enables them to detect the worthless, and to confine 
 their relief to really deserving objects. Since its establishment, the 
 Hull society has enabled considerably above 2,500 distressed fo- 
 reigners to return to their homes, at an expense of upwards of 
 
 Bannister, Esq., with a very beautiful snuff box " as a tribute of respect for services 
 rendered to their body in 1852." Through Alderman Bannister having kindly acted as 
 arbitrator, some disputes between the owners of fishing vessels and the seamen 
 were satisfactorily arranged. 
 
 The members of various lodges belonging to Friendly Societies for which Dr, 
 Usher, of Hull, acts as medical adviser, as well as others of that geutleman's patients, 
 have recently testified their esteem for him by presenting him with a beautiful phaeton 
 manufactured in a costly manner, and elegantly fitted up with all the modern appli- 
 ances. Acts like these reflect honour on all the parties concerned. The worthy 
 Doctor received also a framed vellum thus inscribed: — " This is to Memorialize the 
 the Presentation of a Park Phaeton as a Testimonial to Thomas Stevenson Usher, Esq., 
 M.D., by several Officers and Members of the Benevolent Lodge of the Independent Order 
 of Odd Fellows, M. U., and of the Court ' Foresters Home ' of the Ancient Order of Fores- 
 ters, together with a numerous circle of private patients and friends as a marl: of their appre- 
 ciation of his valuable services during the time he has acted as their medical adviser, 
 Kingston-upon-Hull, 1st February, 1864." This elegant phaeton was manufactured by 
 Mr. William Meara, of Prospect-street, Hull. 
 
 4 I
 
 610 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 £2,400. towards which the London, Manchester, Liverpool, Brad- 
 ford societies contributed about £1,500. Besides this the society 
 has relieved with lodgings, clothing, &c, up to 8,400 persons. The 
 Chairman of the Committee is Frederick Helmsing, Esq.,* and Mr. 
 F. H. Laube is the Secretary. 
 
 There is here a branch of the Royal Liver Friendly Society, of 
 which Mr. John Clifford is District Manager. There are about 
 12, dOO members of this excellent society in Hull. There is like- 
 wise a branch of the St. Patrick's Assurance, Sick, and Burial Society. 
 Agent, Mr. James J. Wilson. Liverpool is the head quarters of 
 these two societies. 
 
 Gas Works. — In 1818 Mr. Ptobert Burdett, confectioner, 24, 
 Humber Dock-walls, first introduced coal gas into Hull, as a light 
 for shops ; and his successor, Mr. Thomas Ryrner, continued to 
 make and use gas before the Gas Company was formed. Mr. May, 
 confectioner, Silver-street, also used home-made gas about the same 
 time. 
 
 The Kingston-upon-Hull Gas Light Company's works were estab- 
 lished in Broadley-street, in 1821 ; and there are now on the premises 
 four gasometers, which contain in the aggregate 177,000 cubic feet 
 of gas. The Chairman of the Company is Jesse Malcolm, Esq. ; 
 and Mr. William Jackman is the General Manager of the works. 
 
 The British Gas Light Company have their fine extensive works 
 on the banks of the Hull, a little north of Sculcoates Church. They 
 were erected in 1826, when the parish of Sculcoates was first lighted 
 with the brilliant vapour; and since then they have been very much 
 extended, and entirely remodelled. There are here two telescopic 
 gasometers, 80 feet each in diameter, capable of holding about half 
 a million cubic feet of gas. This company possesses gas works in 
 several places in the south of England. Mr. Charles Copland, 
 jun., the Engineer to the company, and the General Superinten- 
 dent of the Hull works, resides in a neat house on the premises. 
 
 * Mr. Helmsing was the chief promoter of the society for relieving poor foreigners- 
 in Manchester, which was founded in 1847. In the first Annual Eeport of that body 
 we find that the following resolution passed unanimously — " That the best thanks of 
 this meeting be given to Mr. F. Helmsing, from Hull, for his kindness in attending 
 the same, and for his kind exertions in behalf of the forming of the Society."
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. Oil 
 
 The Sutton, Southcoates, and Drypool Gas Company was founded 
 in 1847, and their present Chairman is W. E. Jalland, Esq. The 
 works were commenced by Mr. John Malam in 1840, but before 
 they were finished they passed into the hands of the company. 
 Two gasometers here will contain about 150,000 feet of gas. Mr. 
 F. W. Oldfield is the Secretary and Manager. 
 
 Regattas. — The first boat race here, recorded in the local news- 
 papers, was a " rowing match between two subscription gigs, the 
 Greyhound and the Red Eover, for ten sovereigns aside," which 
 took place June 19th, 1829 ; when the former boat won. The in- 
 terest excited on this occasion gave rise to a public meeting, at the 
 Minerva Hotel, on the 1st of July, when it was resolved to establish 
 a "Humber Eegatta;" and on the 20th and 27th of the following 
 month (August), a regatta for yachts and pleasure boats took place 
 on the Humber, under the patronage of Lord Yarborough, and the 
 stewardship of the Mayor, and the Warden of Trinity House. This 
 grand marine spectacle, which was intended by its promoters to be 
 the first of a series of nautical entertainments, was a complete suc- 
 cess ; and out of the 33 years that has since elapsed, regattas have 
 been held on twenty of them. Since 1855 they have taken place 
 annually without any interruption. These sports are now held 
 under the auspices of the Royal Yorkshire Yacht Club, and the pre- 
 sence of the noble Commodore of the Yorkshire Coast (Lord Londes- 
 borough), and his beautiful yacht adds eclat to the meetings. The 
 races usually extend over two days ; in 1842 they lasted three days. 
 
 A Keel Regatta Club was established here last year, for the two- 
 fold object of stimulating the keelmen of the port in seamanship, and 
 the amusements of the inhabitants. The keel races take place on 
 the same days, and in conjunction with the yacht regatta. The 
 first Amateur Yacht Regatta, the vessels being worked by gentlemen 
 amateurs, took place on the Humber on the 1st of August, in 1863. 
 On the occasion, a silver cup, value £5., subscribed for by members 
 of the Royal Yorkshire Yacht Club, and two cups, value £10., pre- 
 sented by Mr. Edwin Davis, were sailed for. 
 
 Many years had passed away since a rowing regatta took place 
 on the Humber; but the pleasure and excitement of those events 
 had not been forgotten. In August, 1862, this old English sport
 
 012 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-TJPON-HUIX. 
 
 was revived, chiefly through the exertions of Mr. Richard Toogood, 
 who succeeded in obtaining subscriptions wherewith to purchase 
 prizes to be competed for. Eight races were contested in one day, 
 and an immense number of spectators assembled on the piers and 
 along the banks of the river to witness the exciting sport. The first 
 Humber Bowing Regatta was a great success ; and the Committee 
 renewed their exertions for their second public exhibition, which 
 took place in July, 1863, when eight well-contested races were de- 
 cided. Some of the prizes on each occasion consisted of neat silver 
 cups, given by the Mayors, Sheriffs, ladies of Hull, &c. The gift of 
 the Mayor (W. H. Moss, Esq.), in 1863, was a set of cups, value 
 21 guineas, for a six-oared galley race. 
 
 As the " Plumber Rowing Regatta Club " has recently taken a 
 permanent shape, and will henceforth rank with the institutions of the 
 town, it is expected that it will be enabled to supply two days racing 
 every year, as the rowing races seem to be indeed the people's re- 
 gatta. The spirit of rowing is now fast gaining ground amongst 
 the young men of Hull, and doubtless, in a few years, the town will 
 be able to produce as good rowers as any in the kingdom.* The 
 President of the Rowing Regatta Club is W. H. Moss, Esq., and 
 the Hon. Secretary is Mr. Richard Toogood.f 
 
 Drinking Fountains. — These modern improvements were intro- 
 duced into Hull in June, 1858, by Henry John Atkinson, Esq., 
 who presented two fountains to the town. One he inserted in the 
 base of the Wilberforce Monument, and the other he erected on 
 Spring-bank, opposite the entrance to the Zoological Gardens, then 
 in existence. For this gift the donor received the thanks of the 
 Local Board of Health on the 21st of June in the above year. Mr. 
 
 * There are two Rowing Clubs in Hull, viz., the St. George's Club, established about 
 five years ago, and the Kingston Club, founded in 1861. During the three seasons of 
 its existence the latter club has been victorious in four six oared races, one four oared, 
 and two pair oared races. Messrs. Henry Toogood and H. Hellawell were the rowers 
 in each of the latter; and these gentlemen rowed in all the other races. The mem- 
 bers of the club hold about forty cups won by them in the three boating seasons. 
 
 + The " Illustrated Sporting News " of August 8th, 1863, contains a portrait of Mr. 
 Richard Toogood, " Promoter of the Humber Rowing Regatta." An elegant set of 
 quadrilles called " The Humber Rowing Regatta Quadrilles," composed by Mr. J. B. 
 Acey, of Hull, have been dedicated to Mr. Richard Toogood, " Originator and Pro- 
 moter of the Humber Rowing Regatta."
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UrON-IIULr,. 013 
 
 Atkinson's example was soon followed by Mr. Alderman Thompson, 
 Mr. Alderman Fountain, and Mr. Town Councillor (now Alderman) 
 Jackson. Mr. Thompson gave two fountains, one of which is placed 
 near the Victoria Pier, South-end, and the other in the Market-place. 
 Mr. Fountain erected his against the Workhouse wall on the Anlaby- 
 road, and Mr. Jackson's is close to the North Bridge. Mr. H. J. 
 Atkinson has promised to erect one or two drinking fountains in the 
 People's Park, to the value of £25. or thereabouts. 
 
 A handsome drinking fountain, the gift of Christopher Sykes, 
 Esq., of Sledmere, to the Local Board of Health, is about to be 
 erected at the south-west corner of St. Mary's churchyard. It will 
 be of Gothic design, the upper part (of Steetley stone) forming a 
 crocketed canopy ending in a finial, and supported by red granite 
 columns. The bowl will be likewise of red granite. 
 
 Curiosities. — Besides the fine collection of antiquities and curi- 
 osities in the Museum of the Literary and Philosophical Society, 
 there are a few interesting collections in the hands of private indi- 
 viduals.* 
 
 Mr. George Norman, Beverley-road, possesses a cabinet of casts, 
 ancient coins, medals, seals, &c. ; and a good collection of exotic 
 ferns, many specimens of which were sent to illustrate the recent 
 work on exotic ferns, published by Mr. Lowe, of theBeeston Obser- 
 vatory, near Nottingham. It is a remarkable fact that this work, 
 which extends to seven or eight volumes, with coloured illustrations 
 of all the species, was printed in Great Driffield, in the East Biding 
 of Yorkshire ; and a good proportion of the ferns illustrated were 
 from Mr. Norman's collection. 
 
 * George Wallis, an eminent and eccentric gunsmith, who, from his great antiqua- 
 rian knowledge and research, was usually called " Wallis the Antiquary," resided at 
 No. 74, Myton-gate, where he died in 1803, in his 66th year. Mr. Wallis collected at his 
 house a valuable and interesting m.useum of ancient and modern arms and armour; 
 dresses, ornaments, weapons of war, and numerous other articles used by the natives 
 of the South seas; Roman, Egyptian, and British antiquities and curiosities; carv- 
 ings in wood, stone, and ivory; coins and medallions, casts, rare books, &c. The 
 cellection of ancient guns and fire-arms was particularly rich and valuable. After the 
 death of the last male member of Mr. Wallis's family, in 1833, this beautiful collection 
 was sold by auction (the printed catalogue containing no less than 1,197 lots), and the 
 gunsmith business was sold ; and, in 1852, it was re-sold to Mr. Edmund Balchin. A 
 great part of Wallis's curious museum is included in the splendid collection of ancient 
 armour at Grimston Park, the seat of the Eight Hon. Lord Londesborough.
 
 614 HTSTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Mr. N. F. Bobree, Beverley-road, has succeeded in collecting a 
 large aud valuable variety of Australian eggs, well authenticated. 
 
 Mr. E. S. Wilson, solicitor, Whitefriar-gate, has, as before inti- 
 mated at pages 51, 52, and 371, a fine set of plans of Hull, ancient 
 and modern; a few remnants of the Suffolk Palace; and a perfect 
 copy of De la Pryme's MS. History of Hull ; Mr. Wilson has like- 
 wise in his possession the following curiosities: what appears to 
 be a baptismal font of one of the ancient religious establishments 
 of Hull ; " A View of Kingston-upon-Hull from its first Foundation," 
 by Mr. Carleton Monckton, a former Town Clerk of the borough 
 [this MS. volume, which is brought down to the year 1761 (3 
 Geo. III.) is original, and there is no known copy of it] ; a large 
 collection of Civil War Tracts, chiefly local; a collection of the 
 old Miracle Plays of Chester, Cornwall, Woodkirk, and Coventry, 
 as well as those published by the Abbotsford Club; a beautiful 
 original picture in water colours, by Mr. E. H. Corbould, repre- 
 senting the performance of the miracle play of Noah, or the Deluge, 
 as performed in the streets of Hull in the 14th and two following 
 centuries [this play, or mystery, was annually exhibited by the 
 Guild of the Trinity House, probably in connexion with similar 
 representations by the other guilds of the town] ;* a volume of MS. 
 sermons, in the hand-writing of the father of Andrew Marvel ; and 
 a collection of portraits of High Stewards and other eminent per- 
 sons connected with Hull. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Stather, Crystal Villa, Derringham-street, an excel- 
 lent entomologist, possesses a splendid cabinet of insects of the 
 British Lepidoptera order, all classed and arranged according to 
 Stainton's Manuel. The collection, which consists of 56 cases, in- 
 cludes every known species of the British butterfly, and the series 
 of moths is nearly complete. Many of the latter have been bred by 
 Mr. Stather himself from the larvae.f 
 
 * In the early accounts of the Trinity House occur the following items, which 
 refer to the sacred dramas then performed at the cost of the Guild : — To Noah and 
 his wife, Is. 6d.; to Eobert Burn, playing God, 6d. To a shipwright for clinking 
 Noah's ship, one day, 7d. ; to the waits going about with the ship, 6d. ; for three skins 
 for Noah's coat, making it, and a rope to hang the ship in the kirk, 7s. The priests 
 or monks from the friaries of the town used to sing or chant the sacred choruses in 
 this drama of Noe or Noah. 
 
 + Extraordinary Phenomenon. — About five years ago, whilst boring for water in Mr.
 
 HISTORY OF KINOSTON-UPON-IIULL. 015 
 
 Mr. James Young, Bishop-lane (Librarian to the Mechanics' Insti- 
 tute) — an excellent ornithologist and entomologist — has a good col- 
 lection of British insects, in about 30 cases, collected chiefly by 
 himself; as well as a fine cabinet of European insects, which he- 
 longed to the late Mr. W. B. Spence. Mr. Young has likewise 
 several stuffed birds and other curiosities, including the antlers of a 
 stag found at Withernsea, by Mr. John Batty, buried beneath 40 
 feet of earth; and a set of the curious teeth of the eagle ray. 
 These teeth are of ivory, joined geometrically, sexagonal and hex- 
 agonal in shape, and the teeth of each jaw form an oblong half 
 circle. The movement of the jaw would be rotatory. This rare 
 curiosity was brought from Yax, in the northern regions. 
 
 Mr. James Freeland Young (son of the above Mr. Young) has a 
 very fine collection of indigenous plants (about 400 specimens) which 
 he has collected within twenty miles of Hull, on the Yorkshire side 
 of the Humber, and arranged according to Linnaeus. The Messrs. 
 Young — father and son — are more than tyros in most of the natural 
 sciences. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Mapplebeck, Low-gate, has succeeded in making a 
 very extensive and highly interesting collection of autographs and 
 portraits of royal, distinguished, learned, and remarkable personages, 
 conspicuous in history and the arts. The signatures in many instan- 
 ces, are affixed to remarkable documents, and the collection includes 
 the autograph letters of many eminent individuals.* 
 
 Stather's garden, the workmen fell in with a bed of compressed peat 42 feet from 
 the surface, and this was no sooner pierced than a continuous stream of gas and water 
 rushed up through a three inch pipe, forcing with them large quantities of sand and 
 gravel. This stream rose 9 or 10 feet above the surface, and scattered the sand in 
 every direction. The gas was ignited, and burnt through the water, exhibiting what 
 appeared to be a stream of liquid fire. Mr. Stather allowed the bore to remain open 
 for about a year, and at intervals during that period the stream of gas rushed up and 
 burned. The water and sand were forced up by the gas. 
 
 In Mr. Stather's green-house is a self-acting ventilator, which has been in operation 
 for about eight years, and, as it was invented by Mr. Stather, it is the only thing of the 
 kind in the world. This curious apparatus can be adjusted to warm the house at any 
 temperature that may be required. 
 
 * Amongst the most noticeable of Mr. Mapplebeck's portraits and autographs aro 
 those of the monarchs of England from James I. to her present Majesty; and of a 
 number of continental sovereigns and great men; likewise those of distinguished 
 characters connected with Hull. In the latter class are the autographs, &c, of the
 
 616 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 A leaden Saxon chalice, in the possession of Mr. John Richardson, 
 Saville-street, is noticed at page 380. Mr. Richardson is compiling 
 for his own amusement, an interesting MS. account of "The 
 Streets of Hull," with the derivation of their names, and biograph- 
 ical notices of celebrated persons residing in them. He has also 
 in his possession, written and compiled by himself, a MS. volume 
 entitled "Legendes of the Tovne and Covntie of the Tovne of 
 Kyngeston Vpon Hvll." Mr. Richardson is likewise possessed of 
 Dr. Chambers's manuscript " Annals of Hull." 
 
 Mr. Edwin J. Officer, Bourne-street, has collected nearly 150 
 portraits of High Stewards, Governors, and other great personages 
 whose names are identified with the history of Hull ; and about 
 200 plans, engravings, &c, of public buildings and notable places 
 in the town in times past and present. Mr. Officer is using this 
 collection to illustrate a manuscript account of Hull, to the com- 
 pilation of which he is devoting his leisure hours. The MS. works 
 upon which Mr. Richardson and Mr. Officer are now amusing them- 
 selves, will probably one day be of service to the future historian of 
 the town. 
 
 Mr. John Seaman, Spring-bank, has an excellent private museum, 
 which is open free to the public. The collection embraces a large 
 number of objects illustrative of natural history, amongst the rarest 
 of which is the skeleton of a boa constrictor, got up under the super- 
 intendence of Dr. Buckland; a very fine specimen of the ostrich; 
 
 Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull, Thomas Egerton (Lord Chancellor Ellesmere), High 
 Steward of Hull ; Sir Harry Vane, M.P., for Hull, and also High Steward ; Eobert 
 Cecil, Earl of Salisbury; Charles Wentworth, Marquis of Rockingham ; Wentworth, 
 Earl Fitzwilliam ; and Dr. George Abbott, Archbishop of Canterbury — all High Stew- 
 ards of the borough of Hull. Sir William St. Quintin, M.P. for Hull from 1675 to 
 1724, and Mayor in 1699 and 1715. There is an order from General Monk, Duke of 
 Albemarle, to send some warlike implements to the town of Hull. 
 
 Amongst the miscellaneous letters and autographs are those of Lord Chancellor 
 Finch, the great Duke of Marlborough, Sir Christopher Wren, Sir Thomas Coltman, 
 Marshal Ney, Wellington, Napoleon Buonaparte, Joseph Buonaparte, Admiral Keith, 
 Sir Thomas Picton, Sir Walter Scott, Washington, Thomas Moore, Shenstone, Wesley, 
 Nelson, Archbishops Tillotson and Sancroft, Warren Hastings, Bruce, the Abyssnian 
 traveller, Hugh Blair, Prince Rupert, Godfrey Kneller, Hastings, Grose the Antiqua- 
 rian, John Wilkes, La Fayette, Bloomfield, David Garrick, Edmund Kean, Mrs. Jor- 
 dan, Mason the poet, William Wilberforce, Daniel O'Connell, Benjamin Blaydes 
 Thompson, Esq., the translator of " The Stranger," Etty, the painter, &c.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 017 
 
 a pair of lions ; some of the most rare of the humming hirds ; and 
 a lot of British and foreign insects. There is a model, 15 feet long, 
 of the Crystal Palace of 1851, and a good model of the "Great 
 Eastern " steam ship. The collection is contained in two saloons, 
 90 feet and 50 feet loug respectively; and along the top of these 
 apartments are a number of paintings of land and river scenes in 
 various countries. 
 
 Mr. James Sykes, Low-gate, has a valuable collection of ancient 
 coins, the chief of which are a series of Roman denarii, from Julius 
 Csesar to the destruction of the Eoman Empire ; many good speci- 
 mens of the first bronze (Roman); several specimens of ancient 
 British coins ; some very fine Greek coins, including a fine and rare 
 specimen of the Persian daric (520 years B.C.) ; a good yEgina (the 
 earliest known coin, about 750 B.C.) ; a very fine coin of Alexander 
 the Great ; a Syracuse coin of Gelas ; a fine series of silver penuies 
 from William the Conqueror to Queen Victoria ; a string of Chinese 
 money ; and two extraordinary pieces of Swedish copper money, of 
 the time of Charles XII. The latter are a two daler piece, mea- 
 suring about seven inches square, and weighing 31b. 5oz. ; and a 
 half daler piece of the same kind. Mr. Sykes has also five speci- 
 mens of the Hull tradesmen's tokens. Between the years 1600 and 
 1G70 there were thirty descriptions of these tokens struck here for 
 the use of as many tradesmen. He has likewise several pieces of 
 antique china. 
 
 Principal Residences. — There are many handsome villas and 
 fine terraces on the Beverley and Anlaby roads, in the park, and in 
 other parts of the town. The following are the most remarkable of 
 the villa residences. 
 
 Brunswick House, Beverley-road, is the residence of Henry Blun- 
 dell, Esq., who erected' it, from a design by himself, in 1827-8. It 
 is a handsome square building of brick, stands 105 feet from the 
 road, is approached by a flight of steps, finishes at the top with a 
 parapet, and at the sides with small wings, in which are niches 
 containing eagles, of the composition called mastic. The entrance 
 hall is 50 feet long, and the principal apartments are well propor- 
 tioned. The dining room contains some excellent paintings, and a 
 marble bust of Mr. Bluudell, by Earle. The walls of some of the 
 
 4 K
 
 618 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 other rooms are adorned with a number of photographic pictures, 
 several of which are by Miss Blundell and her brother. On the 
 south side, communicating with the drawing room, library, &c, is 
 a conservatory upwards of 30 feet long. In the garden are a green- 
 house and hot houses containing a good collection of ferns and 
 stove plants. Here also are an ice house, the exterior of which 
 forms an artificial rockery ; a large boulder stone, which was caught 
 up in a fisherman's net on the Dogger Bank ; and five large can- 
 non balls, found about the year 1846, in digging the foundation of 
 Messrs. Blundell and Co.'s oil mill, Wincolmlee — the spot appear- 
 ing to be the site of a stockade, used in the siege of Hull (See p. 
 124).* 
 
 Portland House, in the same locality (the junction of the Bever- 
 ley-road and Prospect-street), is a large commodious residence in the 
 occupation of its owner (who purchased it a few years ago from the 
 late W. H. Pearson, Esq.), Christopher Leake Kingrose, Esq., jun. 
 At the rear of the house is a neat garden (See p. 312). 
 
 Albion House, Albion-street, is a large cut stone residence, erected 
 by Dr. James Alderson, and now in the occupation of Joseph 
 Winkley, Esq. 
 
 Thanet House, Park-street, is a large square white brick edifice, 
 
 * Mr. Blundell, who is the head of the well known firm of Blundell, Spence, and Co., 
 is a Borough Magistrate, and was Mayor of Hull in 18-32. In the year 1839, having 
 to visit the United States on business, he resigned his office of Alderman, to which he 
 was elected in 1835 (See p. 222). In 1842, soon after his return to England, he was 
 returned to the Town Council for West Sculcoates Ward, and subsequently became 
 an Alderman. He resigned his Aldermanic gown again in October, 1861, and in ac- 
 cepting his resignation the Town Council expressed its deep regret, and declared 
 that the thanks of the Council and the town " were especially due to him for his long 
 and unwearied care and attention to the duties of his office, and the general interests 
 of the borough." 
 
 Two elegant complimentary presentations to Mr. Blundell and his son show the 
 estimation in which these gentlemen are held by their employees. One is a silver 
 6alver, inscribed thus : — "Presented to Henry Blundell, Esq., by the workmen in the 
 employment of the firm of Blundell, Spence, and Co., Hull, as a slight token of their 
 esteem for a considerate and liberal employer, 1st Feb., 1851." The other is a large 
 and beautiful silver ink stand, with a gold pen holder and pen, the former article 
 bearing this inscription : — " Presented to Mr. Henry Spence Blundell, by the work- 
 men of Messrs. Blundell, Spence, and Co., as a mark of esteem for his uniform kind- 
 ness and liberality." The latter testimonial was presented publicly at the Mechanics' 
 Institute, on the 4th of October, 1856, by Mr. Thomas Kousby, the firm's General 
 Manager, in the name of the subscribers.
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-TTrON-TIUT/L. 619 
 
 finishing in front with a pediment. It was erected in 1858-0, by- 
 its owner and present occupier, the Rev. H. W. Kemp (Incum- 
 bent of St. John's Church, Hull), for an extensive classical and 
 commercial boarding and day school, and for these purposes it is 
 well situated and admirably adapted. The principal apartments 
 are spacious and well proportioned, and the dormitories, &c, are 
 comfortable, cheerful, and airy. The grounds are exceedingly plea- 
 sant, and contain a well furnished gymnasium, a fives court, open, 
 and covered play grounds, a cricket field, and other appliances for 
 the health and amusement of the scholars. The covered playground 
 is an ornamental structure. The views of the surrounding country 
 from the windows of the house are good. The premises are divided 
 from the street by high metal palisades of an ornamental character, 
 and the grounds are entered through two double gates, supported 
 by four neat pillars. Thanet House is indebted for its name to the 
 fact of the Isle of Thanet being the birth-place of its owner. 
 
 Elm Tree House, Park-street, was erected in 1862, by Edwin 
 Davis, Esq. (Sheriff of Hull at present — 1864), who occupies it. 
 The building, which is of white brick with cut stone dressings, is a 
 good specimen of an Elizabethan villa, with gables, and a large 
 square tower, having a domed roof crowned with a boldly carved 
 finial. Two of the gables end in carved stone finials, and a third 
 is surmounted by a good block of chimneys with battlement tops of 
 chaste design. The hall door is fronted by a neat portico of square 
 pillars with Corinthian capitals and groined soffit. Carved heads 
 are introduced into the capitals, and the portico, as well as the bal- 
 cony of a good bay window close to it, finish with a neat cornice. 
 The vestibule and entrance hall are paved with encaustic tiles of 
 masonic design, and the staircase and stairs are of pitched pine. 
 The balustrade is beautifully carved and French polished, and the 
 design is very elegant. The principal apartments are of fine pro- 
 portions. The iron palisades and stone gate-piers abutting on the 
 street are in a style different from that of the house. The four sides 
 of the piers are carved in panels of rustic work, with groups of fruit 
 and flowers below the capitals, proceeding from the mouths of lions ; 
 and on the top of each pillar is a carved griffin's head. The house 
 is from a design of the builder, Mr. Jethro T. Robinson, of Hull.
 
 G20 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 The gate-piers and griffins were sculptured by Messrs. Wallis and 
 Tadman, of Hull. 
 
 Stepney Lodge, which faces the entrance to the public park, is the 
 property aud residence of E. P. Dixon, Esq. It was built by 
 Thomas Kiddell, Esq. (he died in 1810), who resided in it, and 
 afterwards sold it to the late Alderman Cookman. Mr. Dixon pur- 
 chased the house of the latter gentleman. The gardens contain a 
 good range of vineries. At not a great distance from the place are 
 the large Exotic Nurseries of Messrs. Edmund Philip Dixon and 
 Sons, where there is a rare collection of stove and greenhouse plants, 
 and exotics of every description. 
 
 Dorchester House, situated near the entrance to the park, is a 
 handsome structure of white brick, with cut stone dressings and 
 red brick ornamental work. The style is a mixture of the Italian 
 and Elizabethan. The east front, which faces the Beverley road, 
 contains the principal entrance, consisting of an indented portico or 
 vestibule, with circular pillars ; at the south-east angle is a neat 
 and elegant spire ; and in the south front is a fine bay window, 
 with a parapet. Each of these fronts finish at the top with an or- 
 namental gable. The principal rooms are spacious and elegant ; 
 and the staircase is lighted by a glass dome. This elegant villa was 
 erected by its owner and occupant, John Bryson, Esq., in 1861-2 ; 
 the architects being Messrs. Bellamy and Hardy. Mr. Bryson 
 being a native of Dorchester accounts for the name of this villa. 
 
 Malvern House, the first of the villas erected on the borders of the 
 Public Park, owes its name to the circumstance of its owner's family 
 having been natives of Malvern, in Worcestershire. The first stone 
 of the building was laid on the 20th of April, 1861. The walls are 
 of white brick, with cut stone dressings ; the front exhibits four 
 good bay windows ; and from the parapet on the top of the house 
 good views are obtained, including the range of the wolds of the 
 East Riding of Yorkshire. This parapet is fronted by a neat balus- 
 trade. The entrance hall, which is large, is paved with Minton's 
 encaustic tiles ; and the plan of the house is plain, but commodious. 
 This is the residence of its owner and builder, Benjamin Boulter, 
 Esq., a retired surgeon, and a Town Councillor of Hull. 
 
 Carlton House, on the south side of the park, is au Italian villa
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 021 
 
 with a tower, erected in 1802-3, by Philip Dannatt, Esq., its occu- 
 pier. The hall door is approached by a small but very neat porch 
 revealed, which is supported by two pillars with composite capitals. 
 Close to it is an elegant bay window with round pillars and compo- 
 site caps at the angles ; and above the window and the doorway are 
 balconies with turned balusters. The windows of the upper story 
 are round-headed, and the apex of the tower is crowned by a lion 
 (which serves as a vane), according to the custom in houses of this 
 description in Italy. The roof has projecting eaves with ornamen- 
 tal barge-boards. The hall is paved with Minton's encaustic tiles ; 
 the dining-room is a fine apartment; and the marble mantel-pieces 
 are elegant in design and workmanship. The round-headed stair- 
 case window is filled with beautiful stained glass. 
 
 Keysell Villa was built in 1802 by Charles Stewart Eccles, Esq., 
 a Town Councillor of Hull. Keysell was the maiden-name of Mrs. 
 Eccles, and hence the name of this house. The stvle of the buildin" 
 is Early English ; the north and east fronts exhibit gables ; there is 
 a good bay window in the north front, and the hall door, which is 
 in the east end, is fronted by a neat rustic porch, characteristic of 
 the building. The eaves of the roof have barge-boards. The house 
 is built of white brick, with cut stone window frames. 
 
 Lyme Villa is a very neat red brick structure on the same side of 
 the park, with cut stone dressings, and is in the Domestic Gothic 
 style of architecture, with an exceedingly neat spire. It was built 
 in 1801-2 by its occupier, Richard Markinfield Kirkby, Esq., from 
 a design of Messrs. Bellamy and Hardy. The hall door, or prin- 
 cipal entrance, is through the spire ; the staircase is of metal, painted 
 white aud ornamented with gold, and open to the stained and var- 
 nished rafters of the roof. A handsome gas standard of twelve lights 
 springs from the newel of the staircase — which newel is after the 
 style of the antique. There is an excellent view from some of the 
 windows. In the principal front is a handsome bay window. The 
 eaves of the roofs are finished with ornamental barge-boards. 
 
 Albert House stands on the north side of the park, and is a large 
 white brick structure, built in 1801-2 by its occupier, William 
 Pybus, Esq. The hall door has a neat frontispiece, the columns of 
 which are topped with capitals copied from the Temple of Venus.
 
 622 KTSTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Oa each side is a fine bay window having carved trusses at the 
 angles ; and the house finishes with a bold cornice. The entrance 
 hall and the principal rooms are lofty and well proportioned. The 
 staircase is of polished pinewood, with a metal balustrade and a 
 mahogany rail. The staircase window is painted with various sub- 
 jects in medallions. The views from some of the windows are good. 
 On the east side of the house (towards the rear) is a wing topped 
 by a good cornice and balcony. The design of this house, as well 
 as those of Carlton House, and Keysell Villa, on the opposite side 
 of the park, are by Mr. William Beeves, of Hull. 
 
 Avon Lodge, north side of the park, was erected in 1862 by Joseph 
 Fox Sharp, Esq., and is now that gentleman's residence. It is a 
 neat Italian villa, built of white brick, but somewhat irregular in 
 form. A portion of the front contains a fine bay window, and above 
 it is a double circular-headed one. The other portion of the front 
 is ornamented by a verandah of cast iron, beneath which is the 
 principal entrance; and the whole finishes at the top with a good 
 cornice. The architect of the building was Mr. G. B. Nichols, of 
 West Bromwich. 
 
 Several building lots have lately been sold on the park borders ; 
 and Mr. John Bruce has just erected two good semi-detached houses 
 on the north side, to be called respectively Auburn Villa and Mel- 
 rose Villa. 
 
 At Newland (See p. 416), a short distance northwards from the 
 park, are the following good houses. 
 
 Newland Park is the residence of Avison Terry, Esq., Mayor of 
 Hull in 1827. The house, when but a cottage, was purchased by 
 Mr. Terry's father, and has since been enlarged and altered at 
 various times. It is now a large substantial brick building, and the 
 adjoining grounds are ornamented with a considerable number of 
 large trees. Mr. Terry (who in the month of May, in the present 
 year, 1864, entered on the 91st year of his age) recently sold the 
 house and 25 acres of land to William Croft, Esq., retaining a life 
 interest in the property. 
 
 Newland Villa, the residence and property of Miss Wright, is a 
 large red brick house with wings, built by that lady's uncle (Joseph 
 Rennard, Esq.), about the year 1780; but very much modernised
 
 111ST0HY OF K1NGST0N-UP0N-IIULL. 023 
 
 by Miss AVright. The frontispiece of the hall door, which includes 
 two handsome stone pillars, is lined with glass — thereby forming a 
 porch ; and the top of it is surmounted by an eagle carved in stone. 
 On each side of the door is a good bay window. Before the house, 
 on the edge of the beck, are two fine old willows. At the rear of 
 the house (or rather the south front) is a pleasant garden and a neat 
 conservatory. 
 
 Newland House was purchased many years ago by the late Mr. 
 Rudston, woollen draper, Hull, and had several additions made to 
 it from time to time. Its present owner and occupier, John Hewet- 
 son, Esq., purchased it in 1841. The house is plain looking and 
 extensive, but it contains some fine apartments. It is, however 
 (like the other residences in Newlaud), too near the road. In 1863 
 an old cannon ball was dug up in the garden on the south side of 
 the house, which has probably been in the soil since the siege of 
 Hull in the reign of Charles I. 
 
 Newington Hall, the residence of William Hodge, Esq. (Alderman) 
 is situated two miles from Hull, on the Anlaby road. It is a large 
 house covered with compo, with a pediment in front supported by 
 four large fluted columns, with Corinthian capitals ; and contains 
 some fine apartments. The grounds are tastefully laid out, and in- 
 clude a neat grassqolat with flower beds, a conservatory with a glass- 
 dome, a small fish pond, a good kitchen garden, some shrubberies, 
 and a paddock. This place was purchased by Mr. Hodge in 1861, 
 from Mr. Hodgson, who built the house.* Gas is manufactured on 
 the premises. 
 
 About half a mile further on is East Ella House, the residence of 
 Robert Jameson, Esq. The house, which is surrounded by a lawn, 
 
 * Besides the beautiful trowel used for commencing the building of the Hull Town 
 Hall (See p. 480), Mr. Alderman Hodge and his family have received the following 
 presentations of plate on the occasions of laying the foundation stones of Primitive 
 Methodist Chapels at the places here mentioned: — Mr. Hodge, a silver trowel at Skir- 
 laugh, June 10th, 1859; a silver trowel at Hutton, near Driffield, March 23rd, 1860; 
 au elegant silver salver at Peterborough, April 24th, 1862; and a silver cup at East 
 Dereham, June 23rd, 1863. Mrs. Hodge, a large salver at Cottingham, June 19th, 
 1861 ; Miss Hodge, a silver sugar basin at Kirton-Lindsey, July 2nd, 1862; and Master 
 Alfred Hodge, a silver inkstand at Hollym, August 0th, I860. On the 22nd of July, 
 1863, Master William Hodge laid the first stone of a new school room at Cottingham 
 and was presented with a small silver salver.
 
 624 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPOX-HULL. 
 
 shrubberies, and garden, and approached by a neat carriage way, is 
 a handsome square structure, with a pediment in its south front, 
 supported by four Corinthian pillars. Three of the fronts contain 
 principal entrances to the interior. Mr. Jameson purchased this 
 pretty place from the late J. H. Galloway, Esq. 
 
 Somerset House, on the same road, but nearer to Hull, was built 
 in 1862 by its owner and occupant, William Norman, Esq., from a 
 design of Mr. W. Marshall. It is of brick, with bay windows, 
 faces the south, stands in a small but neat garden, contains some 
 commodious rooms, and commands pleasant prospects towards the 
 Humber, the wolds, and Beverley. The wings of the building con- 
 tain niches, in which are sculptured figures of Peace and Plenty, 
 and on a pedestal in front of the hall door stands a third figure, 
 emblematic of Temperance. These statues are of Brodsworth stone, 
 and were carved by Messrs. Wallis and Tadman, of Hull. 
 
 Argyle House, also on the Anlaby road, was built in 1863 by 
 William Leetham, Esq. (who occupies it), from a design by Mr. 
 William Marshall. It is a large white brick structure, with a bold 
 front, and contains several fine apartments. The front exhibits 
 two large bay windows. 
 
 West Parade House, Anlaby road, now occupied by Mrs. John 
 Holmes, was erected by Joseph Sanderson, Esq., many years ago. 
 
 Field House, Hessle-road, the residence of William Young, Esq., 
 is a large residence, pleasantly situated. 
 
 Dairycoates Villa, Humber-bank, just without the boundary of 
 the borough, is a neat picturesque residence, the property of Mr. 
 Joseph Kemp Firth, but just now unoccupied. Beyond it a little 
 is Dairycoates Lodge, the residence of this Mr. J. K. Firth. 
 
 The large house at the corner of Waverley-street, built about a 
 dozen years ago by Dr. John P. Bell, and now in his occupation, is 
 generally called Waverley House. 
 
 Lime-street Hall, Lime-street, now in the occupation of Abraham 
 Spencer, Esq., Town Councillor, was built by the late Thomas 
 Walton, Esq. (and was his residence), and is now the property of 
 his son, Captain S. S. Walton, T.C. Above the hall door is a 
 carving representing a ship of war, and in front of the house is a 
 pear-shaped garden containing a fine weeping ash. The house is
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UI'ON-IIULL. 625 
 
 one of the best built in Hull. The timber used in its construction 
 is chiefly the oak of a Swedish man-of-war that was condemned at 
 Hull about the year 1797. 
 
 Grove House, at the top of Hodgson-street, is a large plain brick 
 building, erected by the late Mr. Peter Atkinson, ship builder. 
 Mr. H. Blundell occupied it when his premises were burnt in 1847 
 (See p. 157), and the site of the destroyed works now form part of 
 the garden in front of the house. About 25 years ago the present 
 occupier of the place (William Craggs, Esq.) purchased it. 
 
 The two principal Seats or Mansions in the vicinity of Hull are 
 Holderness House and Hull Bank House. 
 
 Holderness House, on the Holderness road about a mile distant 
 from Hull, is the seat of William Empson Jalland, Esq., and was 
 built by that gentleman and his brother B. M. Jalland, Esq., in 
 1838, on the site of a house which belonged to, and was for many 
 years the residence of Mr. J. K. Pickard. The latter sold the place 
 to John Broadley, Esq., from whose executors or trustees the Messrs. 
 Jalland purchased it. The mansion is large, and in the Elizabe- 
 than style ; the architect from whose design it was erected was Mr. 
 James Clephan, London, and the builders were Messrs. Hutchin- 
 son and Son, of Hull. Holderness House was the seat also of Mr. 
 B. M. Jalland, until the year 1862, when that gentleman removed 
 to Brighton, for the benefit of his family's health.* 
 
 The principal, or south west front of the mansion exhibits a cen- 
 tre with projecting sides in which are four fine bay windows. The 
 south east front communicates with a conservatory, and both sides 
 
 * Boswell Middlelon Jalland, Esq., was twice Mayor of Hull. He represented the 
 Low-gate Ward in the Town Council, but would never accept the Alderruanic gown, 
 though several times invited to do so. Mr. Jalland was for many years one of the 
 most distinguished and influential of the leaders of the liberal or reform party in 
 Hull, and when he removed from Hull to Brighton, the "Hull Advertiser" men- 
 tioned him in terms of which the following is a passage :— " No more eflicient member 
 of the Council than Mr. Jalland ever occupied a seat in it. Familiar with the pro- 
 fession of the law, an active Magistrate, and a keen politician of the old Whig school — 
 rich, courteous, and hospitable— of winning address, of pleasant, easy, and instructive 
 conversation— moderate and gentlemanly in the expression of his opinions— and al- 
 ways, in his appearance, the personification of good temper, Mr. Jalland combined, 
 in his own person, all the requisites for municipal and Parliamentary leadership. 
 And, so long as he chose to exercise it, Mr. Jalland's personal influence in Hull was 
 perhaps greater than that of any other gentleman in this borough." 
 
 4 L
 
 626 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 have a raised terrace in front of them, upon which the windows 
 open. Ou the north west side is a square tower in which is the 
 hall door. The entrance hall is stately and spacious, and the prin- 
 cipal apartments are finely proportioned. The grand staircase is a 
 noble one, and its vestibule is supported by Ionic columns. There 
 is a good collection of paintings, and an excellent library. The 
 pleasure grounds are interspersed with statuary, vases, &c. 
 
 Sorrier -gangs Cottage, the neat villa residence of Mrs. West, relict 
 of the late Mr. Leonard West (See pp. 331, 437), adjoins the grounds 
 of Holderness House. 
 
 Hull-bank House, one of the seats of Benjamin Haworth, Esq., is 
 situated about a mile from the village of Newland, 3 miles from 
 Hull, and 6 miles from Beverley. It was for many years the resi- 
 dence of the Burton family, from whom the estate, consisting of the 
 mansion and 425 acres of land, was purchased in 1811, by the late 
 B. B. Haworth, Esq. — that gentleman being at the same time the 
 owner of another estate, in the parish of Cottingham, of 1,075 acres.* 
 It is a large handsome stone structure, occupying a pleasant posi- 
 tion, in a well-wooded lawn, on the west bank of the river Hull. 
 The mansion is seen to great advantage from the Hull and Beverley 
 road, through a very fine avenue of lofty trees, three quarters of a 
 mile in length. The house was built, and the noble avenue formed, 
 about the year 1730. The gardens, &c, are situated on the north 
 side of the mansion ; and in the grounds is a fish-pond of two acres, 
 
 * By his will Benjamin Blaydes Haworth, Esq. (who died in 1836) conveyed to his 
 nephew, Benjamin Haworth, Esq. (the present owner), the three manors of Cottingbam 
 Richmond, Cottingham Powis with Barnard or Baynard Castle, and Cottingham 
 "Westmoreland. The estate here of B. Haworth, Esq., extends from Hull-bank House 
 to Raywell, a distance of at least nine miles. This gentleman has another seat in the 
 parish of Mappleton, near Hornsea, called Rowlston Hall. The Manor of Rowlston, 
 Eolston, or Rolleston, as it is variously written, was successively in the families of 
 Le Brus, Dacre, Mayne, Truslove, and Brough. At the death of the widow of William 
 Brou«h, Esq., Marshal of the High Court of Admiralty, in 182"2, it descended to 
 Theresa, her niece, wife of Benjamin Haworth, Esq. Mrs. Haworth is consequently 
 Lady of the Manor of Rowlston. The hall is an ancient building, formerly moated, 
 and the estate consists of about 900 acres. Mr. Haworth is a Magistrate and a Deputy- 
 Lieutenant of the East Biding of Yorkshire. His eldest son, Benjamin Blaydes Ha- 
 worth, Esq.. of Fort House, Bridlington Quay, is also a J. P. and D. L. of the same 
 Kidinw. The latter gentleman, who was formerly a Barrister on the Northern Circuit, 
 is now the Lieutenant-Colonel of the First Brigade of the Yorkshire Artillery Corps.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HTJLL. 027 
 
 in which are two islets thickly planted with yew trees. The house 
 contains several spacious and elegant apartments, apse-shaped at 
 one end, and the prospect from the upper rooms is extensive, and 
 includes, amongst other interesting objects, the towers of Beverley 
 Minster. The dining and drawing rooms are each 36 feet in length, 
 and were decorated by an Italian artist. The former room is floored 
 and panelled with oak, and has a semicircular ceiling exhibiting 
 good scroll-work in stucco. The drawing-room, which has four ma- 
 hogany doors opening into it, contains a beautiful Siena marble 
 chimney-piece, and has an elegant cornice picked out in gold. 
 
 Among the pictures, <fcc, are the following. A fine portrait of the owner of the man- 
 sion, painted by Ellerby, and, according to an inscription on the frame, presented, in 
 1851, to Benjamin Haworth, Esq., M.A., by his tenants in the neighbourhood of Hull. 
 This picture was exhibited at the Iloyal Academy, in 1853. Two good portraits of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Haworth. A babino ringing a bell, an original by Murillo. Titian, by himself. 
 A mnsic-master, by Georgino. A large painting of Omphale and Hercules, by Julio 
 Romano, pupil of Raphael. Hercules vainly endeavouring to thread the distaff. Some 
 family portraits, by Kneller, and two also by him of Sir John Booth, Knt., and his 
 lady (reign of Geo. II.) These last mentioned are in the dining-room ; and above the 
 mantel-piece in the same apartment is a curious picture (by/. Grogam) representing 
 a wooden panel, on which are painted a pied woodcock, a London Gazette, &c. The 
 same room contains a finely carved oak Italian sideboard, a massive oak table, and 
 other pieces of furniture to correspond with them. The book-cases, furniture, picture- 
 frames, &c, in the library are of carved oak, in Gothic patterns. On the walls of 
 three rooms are some very fine pieces of tapestry. One of two pieces in one of the 
 rooms represents Elijah ascending in the fiery chariot to Heaven. This picture in- 
 cludes figures of Elisha, Samuel, and some soldiers. The subject of the other picture 
 is the Widow of Zarephath, her son, and Elijah, illustrative of 1 Kings, c. xvii., 10th 
 and following verses. In another room is a large tapestried picture illustrating the 
 next following chapter of the same book of Kings. It represents Mount Carmel, 
 with Ahab's sacrifice, and Elijah causing fire to descend from Heaven. There are 
 figures of about twenty individuals in this picture. In the third room is a very large 
 and magnificent picture (apparently a copy of Claude) representing a royal stag hunt 
 in Windsor Forest. The two principal figures are supposed to be King William III. 
 and Prince Rupert. Windsor Castle is seen in the distance, and the trees and 
 foliage of the forest are beautifully executed. In the same room is another piece 
 of tapestry representing Heron Hawking in the same royal forest. Among the pictures 
 in the hall is a portrait of a racer named " Minna," which belonged to the late B. B, 
 Haworth, Esq. This noted mare was by Camillus, out of Miss Zellia Teazle. 
 
 Worthies. — The list of " worthies," or eminent personages be- 
 longing to, or connected with the town of Hull, is a pretty full one. 
 We select the most remarkable of them. The De la Pole family, 
 which produced several illustrious characters, is noticed at page 34. 
 
 Bishop Alcock, the founder of the Hull Grammar School, was the
 
 628 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 son of a Hull merchant, who retired from business, and went to re- 
 side at Beverley, where this prelate was born (See 145). Dr. Al- 
 cock was educated at Cambridge, and, after several minor prefer- 
 ments, was consecrated Bishop of Rochester. In 1476 he was 
 translated to Worcester, and in 1486 he was advanced to the see of 
 Ely. Among the high offices which he filled in Church and State 
 were, Dean of the Royal Chapel of St. Stephen, Westminster ; 
 Master of the Rolls ; Privy Councillor to the King, and to his son 
 the Prince of Wales ; and Ambassador to the King of Castile. He 
 was an excellent prelate ; no man in England had a greater reputa- 
 tion for sanctity of manners ; and his whole life was a course of the 
 strictest temperance, mortification, abstinence, and study. He was 
 not only a considerable writer, but an excellent architect, and was 
 appointed Comptroller of the Eoyal Works under King Henry VII. 
 The Chapel at Westminster, named after that monarch, is a noble 
 specimen of the Bishop's skill. Dr. Alcock died at his Castle at 
 Wisbeach, on the 1st of October, 1500, and was buried in the 
 middle of the sumptuous Chapel which he had built for himself in 
 his Cathedral Church. His device was a cock, of which allusion he 
 was extremely fond, as appears by his placing the figure of that bird 
 with moral sentences on scrolls in almost every part of the many 
 public buildings which he erected. He is recorded to have built a 
 Chapel to the Church where his parents were buried in Kingston- 
 upon-Hull. 
 
 Thomas Johnson, an eminent physician and botanist, was a native 
 of Hull. He made many additions to the edition of Gerard's Herbal, 
 printed in his time. His loyalty engaged him on the King's side 
 in the civil war, and he was killed in 1644, whilst resisting an 
 attack of the Parliamentarians upon Basinghouse. 
 
 Captain Luke Fox, commonly called " North West Fox," is the 
 earliest of the known Hull authors. He was born here in 1586. 
 His father, Richard Foxe, was an Assistant of the Trinity House; 
 and the author himself was a Younger Brother of the same Corpora- 
 tion. According to Barrow, the revival of an attempt to discover a 
 north-west passage must be attributed to Luke Fox, who, having 
 petitioned the King " for the lend of a ship for the voyage, and coun- 
 tenance to the action," set sail, under royal patronage, in search of
 
 HISTOBY OF KTNGSTON-UPON-HUT.T,. 020 
 
 that passage, on the 7th of May, 1031. The vessel was H. M. pin- 
 nace the " Charles," 80 tons hurthen, which was manned with 20 
 men and two boys, and victualled for 18 months. He returned 
 from his expedition on the last day of October in the same year in 
 which he departed ; and had an audience of the King. In 1035 
 he published the history, not only of his own voyage, but of the 
 various discoveries made by others in the endeavour to find a north- 
 west passage. The work was " printed by his Majesty's command," 
 and bears the affected title of North- West Fox, or Fox from the 
 North-West Passage," &c. 
 
 The historians of Hull assign the birth-place of that inflexible 
 patriot, Andrew Marvel, to this town ; but, as at the time of his 
 birth his father* was Eector of Winestead, in Holderness, and as 
 the baptism of his son is entered in the parish register of that 
 place, on the last day of March, 1021, in his father's handwriting, 
 the claim of Hull to that honour is at least disputable. Those 
 writers state that his father was master of the Grammar School at 
 Hull in 1020, as well as Rector of Winestead, and that the son was 
 born here, and baptised there. On the 10th of April, 1014, the 
 Rev. Andrew Marvel, father of the subject of this notice (who was 
 a native of Cambridgeshire), was instituted to the Rectory of Wine- 
 stead, and on the 8th of December, 1024, in consequence of his 
 resignation of the benefice, his successor was inducted. On the 
 30th of September, 1024, he was appointed Lecturer of the Holy 
 Trinity Church, in Hull, an office then usually held by the Master 
 of the Grammar School, and it would appear that he then resigned 
 the living of Winestead. Tickell calls him " the facetious Calvin- 
 istical Minister of this town ; so it seems that he, later in life, se- 
 ceded from the Established Church ; and Poulson tells us that, in 
 1040, whilst crossing the Humber in a small boat, he was unfor- 
 tunately drowned. Whether he, who became " the ornament and 
 example of his age," drew his first breath in Hull or in Holderness, 
 it is pretty certain that he received the rudiments of his education 
 
 * As previously intimated, a curious old vol. of MSS. sermons, by the Rev. Andrew 
 Marvel, is in the possession of E. S. Wilson, Esq., of Melton and Hull. The hand- 
 writing is small and very close, and one of the sermons " On the Swearing of a new 
 Mayor at Hull," in 163G; the text being Ecclesiastes 8, v. 2. This volume belonged 
 to John Warburton, Somerset Herald, and contains his signature.
 
 030 HTSTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 under his father in the Grammar School of Hull, and that at the 
 age of fifteen he was admitted a student at Trinity College, Cam- 
 bridge. He afterwards made a tour of Europe, and was Secretary to 
 the Embassy at Constantinople in the time of the Commonwealth. 
 In 1657 he was appointed assistant to the celebrated poet, John Mil- 
 ton, at that time Secretary to the no less celebrated usurper, Oliver 
 Cromwell. In 1658, two years before the Restoration, the burghers 
 of Hull elected him as their representative in Parliament, and during 
 a period of twenty years, which he continued to be member for this 
 borough, he maintained the character of an honest man, a true 
 patriot, and an incorruptible senator. " His integrity," says a re- 
 cent writer, " rendered him obnoxious to a corrupt court, which 
 spared no pains to seduce him from his fidelity, and to obtain the 
 powerful influence of his name and character for their measures; 
 and many instances are adduced of his heroic firmness in resisting 
 the alluring offers made to win him over to the Court party." He 
 is recorded as the last member of Parliament who received the wages 
 anciently paid to members by their constituents. Marvel was a 
 wit and poet, as well as a senator, and wrote satires agaiust the 
 vices of the age, in which he did not spare Majesty itself. His 
 death, which took place in London, on the 16th of August, 1678, 
 was sudden and unexpected ; and the Corporation of Hull, in grati- 
 tude for his services, voted the sum of £50. to defray the expenses of 
 his funeral, and contributed a sum of money to erect a monument 
 over his remains in the Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, London, 
 where he was interred ; but the Minister of that Church forbad the 
 monument to be erected. 
 
 The poems and other works of Marvel are little known, and al- 
 most inaccessible. " The Rehearsal Transposed," a political satire 
 of a polemical character, was written by him, and gained for him 
 the reputation of a wit — even in the Court where wit was one of the 
 few things admissible. Charles himself forgave the patriot for the 
 sake of the humorist. Burnet says that Marvel's books " were the 
 delight of all classes, from the King to the tradesman." There is 
 an old hackneyed anecdote of Andrew Marvel, which the compilers 
 of biographical works and " bookmakers " in general delight to re- 
 peat ; but the truth of the incident is doubted by the best authori-
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. G31 
 
 ties. We allude to the alleged attempt, on the part of Lord Trea- 
 surer Danby, to bribe the " incorruptible " with an order for a thou- 
 sand pounds, to vote for the King's party. 
 
 The Corporation of the Trinity House possess a collection of 
 letters written by Mr. Marvel, when M.P. for Hull, to his brother- 
 in-law, Edmund Popple, Esq., merchant, and Warden of Trinity 
 House. The letters relate chiefly to public matters in which the 
 port was interested. 
 
 At the south-east corner of High-street and Salthouse-lane is an 
 ancient, though modernised, structure, which is traditionally said to 
 have been the residence of Mr. Marvel, when he resided at Hull. 
 
 Br. Robert Wittie, a friend of the patriot Marvel, practised physic 
 at Hull for a period of 18 years ; during which time some of his 
 numerous works were published. He translated from the Latin of 
 Dr. Primrose, "Popular Errours, or the Errours of the People in 
 matter of Physic ;" the preface of which is dated, " From my house 
 at Hull," in 1650. He is the author of " Scarborough Spaw ;" of 
 several works connected with his profession, which are enumerated 
 in Watts's " Bibliotheca Britannica." 
 
 Sir John Laivson, a distinguished naval officer, was the son of a 
 poor man of this town ; and died fighting for his country on the 3rd 
 of June, 1065. 
 
 Van Bijn Rembrandt, the celebrated painter and etcher, practised 
 his art at Hull for some time. He died in 1674, aged 68. 
 
 William Mason, the amiable poet, politician, and divine, and the 
 friend and biographer of Gray, the famous author of the " Elegy," 
 was a native of Hull, having been born here in 1725. His grand- 
 father, Hugh Mason, filled the office of Collector of Customs at 
 this port; and his father, the B.ev. William Mason, was the Vicar 
 of the Holy Trinity Church from the year 1722 to the year 1753, 
 when he died. Hartley Coleridge tells us, in his "Worthies of 
 Yorkshire," that the character of Mr. Mason — "the most consider- 
 able poet that Yorkshire has produced since Marvel " — was " deserv- 
 edly esteemed by many who were themselves estimable," and that 
 "his genius is praised by some who themselves posesssed more." 
 His father, from whom, it is supposed, he received the rudiments of 
 his education, kindly fostered his poetical tastes ; and when the
 
 632 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 young poet entered St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1742, he was 
 so fortunate as to have for his tutor, Dr. Powell, a man of the same 
 liberal sentimeuts as his father, " who (as Mr. Coleridge observes), 
 while he directed his pupil to the classic models of antiquity, did 
 not dissuade him from cultivating English verse." Mason took his 
 B.A. degree in 1745, and it has been conjectured that it was about 
 this time he began to compose the " Musaeus," a Monody on the 
 death of Pope, who died in 1744 ; but the poem did not appear 
 before 1747, when it was published by the advice of Dr. Powell. In 
 1747 Mr. Mason was chosen Fellow of Pembroke College, and in 
 1749 he took his Master's degree. In politics Mason was a whig. 
 Of this he gave proof in his "Isis," a metrical attack upon the 
 Jacobitism of Oxford, which had the honour of rousing Tom Warton 
 to a reply, called the " Triumph of Isis." Mason himself confessed 
 the latter to be the better poem of the two, though Mason and 
 Warton never liked each other — owing probably to the contrariety 
 of their habits, as well as to the difference of their politics. Mason 
 is described as a correct, precise, clerical gentleman, much attached 
 to the decorums of life ; Warton as a good-natured sloven, somewhat 
 given to ale and tobacco. Warton used to describe Mason as a 
 " buckram man." The "Isis" appeared in 1748. In 1751 Mr. 
 Mason published his tragedy of " Elfrida " — a sort of modern copy of 
 the ancient drama. Iu a letter to a friend he says that in this play 
 he " meant to pursue the ancient method, so far as it is probable a 
 Greek poet, were he alive, would now do, in order to adapt himself 
 to the genius of our times, and the character of our tragedy." Eight 
 years after the publication of Elfrida, the tragic play, " Caractacus," 
 the best of his productions, appeared. Besides these two plays 
 Mason wrote, in 1766, " Argentile and Curan," a Yorkshire tragedy, 
 the scene being " in and about the Castle of Whitby, afterwards in 
 the valley of Hackeness." He is also the author of " Sappho," a 
 lyrical drama, meant to be set to music after the manor of Metas- 
 tases operas. " Pygmalion," a dramatic scene, was translated by 
 him, from Kosseau. 
 
 In 1754 Mr. Mason took orders, and he was soon afterwards ap- 
 pointed Chaplain to the Earl of Holderness, and by the Earl's in- 
 fluence, Chaplain to the King. As one of the Earl's domestic Chap-
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-IlULL. 033 
 
 lains, he attended that nohlemau in a foreign tour ; and soon after 
 his return to England, in 1756 (according to Coleridge), he received 
 the living of Aston, in Yorkshire, in the Vicarage of which he con- 
 tinued to reside till his death. Mr. Frost says that Mason quitted 
 Hull about the year 1754, on his appointment to the Vicarage of 
 Aston ; but that his connexion with the place was revived in 1765, 
 by his marriage at St. Mary's Church, with Mary, the daughter 
 of William Sherman, Esq., of Hull. 
 
 In 1756 our poet published four odes. One, "On the fate of 
 Tyranny," a free paraphrase of part of the 11th chapter of Isaiah. 
 Another is to "iEolus's Harp." These odes were ludicrously pa- 
 rodied by Colman and Lloyd. Upon the death of Cibber, the Min- 
 istry apologised for not offering the laureateship to Mr. Mason, 
 on the score that he was in Holy Orders : a false excuse, for the 
 predecessor of Cibber was a clergyman. Mason's politics were the 
 true ground of his ineligibility. In 1762 our author was preferred 
 to the Canonry of York, the Prebend of Driffield, and the Precentor- 
 ship of York Minster ; but he still made Aston his principal resi- 
 dence. In 1764 Mr. Mason published a collection of his poems, 
 with a dedicatory sonnet to the Earl of Holderness. On the death 
 of his friend Gray, in 1771, he exhibited himself in the new light 
 of an editor and biographer. 
 
 The next important work of our author's was a poem called the 
 "English Garden," which passed through four editions; but his 
 love of landscape gardening appears also in " An heroic Epistle to 
 Sir William Chambers," For some years before his death Mr. 
 Mason was in the habit of composing an anniversary on his birth- 
 day. He died on the 7th of April, 1797, at the advanced age of 
 72 years, and his memory is honoured by the following inscription 
 on a marble tablet, in Poet's Corner, Westminster Abbey : — 
 
 Optimo Viro Gulielmo Mason, M.A,, 
 
 Poetre, si quis alius, culto, casto, pio, sacrum." 
 
 Hartley Coleridge justly observes that Mason "never had been, 
 and never was, an author for bread. The aim of all his writings," 
 he continues, " was to dignify the poetic art: his object was noble, 
 and if there may be some differences, with regard to the degree of 
 success with which he accomplished it, there can be none with ra- 
 
 4 M
 
 634 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 tional Christians, as to the perfect consistency of this design with 
 the duties of a Christian minister." Coleridge concludes his bio- 
 graphy with this observation. "With the great poets in any de- 
 partment of poetry, Mason cannot be numbered, yet for many years 
 of his life he was England's greatest living poet." 
 
 Commodore Edward Thompson, the son of a Hull merchant, and 
 well known in the navy by the appellation of " Rhyming Thompson," 
 was born here in 1738, and was a Brother of Trinitj House at this 
 port. Besides the works of Andrew Marvel, Captain Thompson 
 edited those of Oldham and Paul Whitehead. His original produc- 
 tions, among which was " Sailor's Letters," &c, published in 1766, 
 were numerous. Captain Thompson died on board the Grampus, 
 of which he was commander, off the coast of Africa, in 1786. 
 
 Ralph Darling, an Alderman, and twice Mayor of Hull, was born 
 here in 1728 ; and for many years he was a medical practitioner in 
 his native town. He turned the English translation of the Holy 
 Evangelists into verse ; and in 1801 this was published under the 
 title of "A Poetical Version of the four Gospels." Mr. Darling 
 died in 1798. 
 
 Benjamin Thompson, the translator of Kotzebue's well-known play, 
 "The Stranger," was the eldest son of the late Benjamin Blaydes 
 Thompson, Esq., an Alderman, and twice Mayor of Hull. He was 
 born at Hull in 1774, and finished his education in Germany, where 
 he acquired a critical knowledge of the language of that country. 
 In later years he resided at Nottingham, where he carried on the 
 business of a timber merchant, and married. He there published 
 his translations from the German, of "Ildegerte, or the Queen of 
 Norway ;" and a tragedy called "Adelaide of Wulfingen." He after- 
 wards removed to London, where he became an author by profes- 
 sion, and attained to considerable eminence in the literary world. 
 He published a number of plays, translations from the German of 
 Kotzebue, Schiller, IfHand, Goethe, Lessing, and others. Many 
 of them appeared under the title of the German Theatre, and ex- 
 tended to six vols., 12mo. Our author died in May, 1816. Mr. 
 Thompson was the elder brother of Thomas Thompson, Esq., ex- 
 Town Clerk of Hull (See p. 240.)
 
 HISTORY OF KTNGSTON-UPON-HULL. 035 
 
 Sir Samuel Standidge, Knt., Sheriff of Hull in 1775, Mayor in 
 1795, and Warden of the Trinity House in 1777, 1782, 1788, 1795, 
 and 1800, has been incidentally noticed in the preceding pages of 
 this history. He was great-grandson of Eobert Standish, master 
 mariner and shipowner, who was Chamberlain of Hull in 1G75, and 
 died, and was buried in Holy Trinity Church in 1677. The ma- 
 ternal grandfather of this Robert Standish, or Standidge, was Alder- 
 man Robert Eerier (called Bernier by Tickell), who was Sheriff of 
 Hull in 1640 ; and whose wife was Elizabeth Bamborough. 
 
 Sir Samuel was born in 1725, at Bridlington Quay. His father 
 appears to have detected in him the germs of that enterprising spirit 
 for which he was afterwards so remarkable ; for — as we learn from 
 the family records in the possession of the Waltons (descendants of 
 the Standidges) — he left the whole of his property to another son 
 (by his first wife), observing that " Samuel had brains enough to 
 work his own way." Left to himself, young Standidge entered the 
 merchant marine service, and passed rapidly through the degrees 
 between the cat-head and the quarter-deck. In 1744 he was made 
 a prisoner of war, being then mate of a ship, on her return from 
 Virginia to Hull, with a cargo of tobacco, in company with another 
 ship. Both vessels were taken by a privateer, and sent to Cape 
 Francois on the north coast of Hispaniola ; from which place, after 
 a lapse of six weeks, Mr. Standidge and a portion of the crew 
 of his ship were sent to Rhode Island. The knowledge of the locality 
 of Rhode Island obtained during this adventure, was of great advan- 
 tage to Mr. Standidge in 1749, when he was master of a vessel 
 called The American (belonging to the late Christopher Scott, Esq., 
 of Hull), which, one night, in the month of December, was there 
 enveloped by a terrific snow-storm — the position of the ship at the 
 time being one of great uncertainty. With the morning's light 
 Captain Standidge recognised the harbour of Nantucket Island, into 
 which he had been taken after his release from imprisonment, five 
 years before ; and all uncertainty respecting his position was removed. 
 
 In 1752 Mr. Standidge freighted one of his ships for Rhode Island, 
 and went out as master himself. An able letter to the "Naval 
 Chronicle " (vol. iii. p. 204), written by him in April, 1800, de- 
 scribes an interesting accumulation of ice-bergs round the Newfound-
 
 036 HISTORY OF K1NOSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 land coasts, observed during the course of this voyage. The same 
 journal also contains letters from Captain Standidge to Sir Charles 
 Middleton, Bart, on his " Hints for the Improvement of Naval Ar- 
 chitecture." 
 
 In 1766 Mr. Standidge, then an eminent ship-builder in Hull, 
 equipped and sent out a ship to Greenland, on his own account — a 
 feat of individual courage which was recorded as unexampled in all 
 Europe. Tickell says that "this was considered by all the other 
 merchants as an adventure bordering upon insanity ; " for, he adds, 
 " it was regarded as next to impossible for a private adventurer to 
 prosecute a trade with success in which so many opulent companies 
 had miscarried." (See p. 381). In 1767 he fitted out two ships 
 for this trade, in one of which (the British Queen) he embarked him- 
 self as master. The observations which he made in this voyage 
 were so important as to induce the Hon. D. Barrington, F.R.S., to 
 consult him with respect to the exploring of the north pole; and 
 the substance of this consultation was afterwards published in a 
 pamphlet by Mr. Barrington. In 1775 Mr. Standidge, at his own 
 sole cost, equipped a ship for the discovery of the north pole ; and, 
 but that he was then Sheriff of Hull, and in virtue of that office was 
 incapacitated from going abroad, he would have taken the command 
 of her himself. He had been ready to embark, when he received 
 an intimation from the Recorder that the office which he filled 
 opposed an insurmountable barrier to his leaving the kingdom. 
 Subsequently to the year 1757 Mr. Standidge twice visited the 
 Greenland seas ; and in 1768 he fitted out and sent into those seas 
 three ships. 
 
 During the infancy of the Greenland fishery trade in England, it 
 was expedient to encourage it by bounties, at a certain rate per ton, 
 on all ships employed in it; but, some years afterwards, -the Hon. 
 C. Townsend, when Chancellor of the Exchequer, requested Mr. 
 Standidge to endeavour to make the trade stand alone without this 
 bounty. In 1788 Mr. Standidge had no fewer than four ships in 
 the Greenland trade; and in 1791 he fitted out two ships for those 
 seas, and sent them without bounty — a transaction unprecedented. 
 
 In 1789, when hostilities had commenced between the Turks 
 and Russians, and the latter were at a loss for transports to convey
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 037 
 
 troops, stores, &c, our enterprising Captain made an offer of three 
 ships to the Empress Catharine, on the same terms as he had re- 
 ceived from the British navy board. This offer met with the most 
 welcome and gracious reception ; the Russian Admiralty accepted 
 his three ships, and, in compliance with their request, he provided 
 fifty other large ships for their transport service. In April, 1790, 
 this fleet of transports sailed from England ; " and thus," to use the 
 words of Tickell, " had a private gentleman in England no small 
 share in facilitating and advancing an expedition which adorned 
 with laurels the brows of the imperial Catharine, and added so much 
 honour to the Russian flag." For this signal service Mr. Standidge 
 had afterwards conferred upon him a Russian order of nobility, by 
 the Emperor Paul. He was likewise a member of the Russian 
 Company. Being Mayor of Hull in 1795, Mr. Standidge presented 
 two addresses to the King, and received the honour of Knighthood. 
 During the same year he had the honour of entertaining H.R.H. 
 Prince William (See p. 152). About the same time he presented a 
 silver goblet to Trinity House; and a set of silk flags to the Hull 
 and Cottingham Volunteers. [The latter event took place at the 
 Citadel, on Feb. 17th, 1796, by the appointment of General Scott.] 
 The battalion companies, commanded by Major Machell, were drawn 
 up in the centre. The troop of Yeomanry Cavalry, commanded by 
 Captain Hall, had their station on the right, and the Artillery 
 company, commanded by Captain Metcalf, on each flank of the 
 battalion. The General having been received with the proper sa- 
 lute, Sir Samuel presented, in due form, a handsome pair of colours 
 to the battalion, and an elegant standard for the cavalry. The Rev. 
 Joseph Milner (in the absence of the Vicar) then consecrated the 
 flags. After the presentation the regiment marched into the Mar- 
 ket-place, with their new colours flying ; and in the evening the 
 whole corps dined with Sir Samuel. 
 
 When the now fertile district in the neighbourhood of Hull, 
 called Sunk Island, was first recovered from the Humber, the evi- 
 dence of Sir Samuel Standidge established the claim which the 
 Government had made for it — he having proved that he had sailed 
 through Stone Creek, which was the name of the passage or chan- 
 nel that existed between the main-land and the island. At that
 
 038 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPOX-HULL. 
 
 time a vessel could sail through this channel during high tides, 
 aud it appears that Sir Samuel (then Captain Standidge), whilst 
 approaching the port in one of his own vessels, was pursued by a 
 privateer, aud, to avoid capture, he sailed between the island and the 
 main-land. Sir Samuel's evidence of this accidental circumstance, 
 given at the assize trial at York, lost Sunk Island to the Constable 
 family, who were, and are, lords of the Seigniory of Holderness. 
 
 In June, 1798, Sir Samuel declined business in favour of Messrs. 
 Halls', Ellison, and Richardson, and he died in February, 1801, in 
 the 70th year of his age (worth about £70,000.), and was buried in 
 the north aisle of St. Mary's Church, Hull. Upon removing the 
 pavement in the course of the restoration of this Church, in 1801, 
 the vault containing the remains of Sir Samuel and Lady Standidge 
 became exposed ; and their leaden coffins (bearing inscriptions), 
 were inspected by their several relatives now residing here. The 
 outer coffins, of wood, had mouldered away, but the coffin-plates 
 and mountings remained, and are now in the possession of Captain 
 S. S. Walton. 
 
 The residence of Sir Samuel Standidge occupied the site of the 
 houses, numbered 1 and 2, at the north end of High-street ; and 
 his ship-yard adjoined the house. This yard is now in the occupa- 
 tion of Messrs. Spencer and Gardham, ship-builders, who, a few 
 years ago, purchased it from Captain Samuel Standidge Walton. In 
 the Trinity-house is a portrait of Sir Samuel, which was presented 
 by this Captain Walton, who is great-grandson of Sir Samuel, and 
 named after him. The portrait is an enlarged copy of an original 
 miniature likeness of the old Knight, on ivory (in his civic robes), 
 now in the possession of Mary Thornton, daughter of Captain S. S. 
 Walton, and wife of Mr. Matthew Whitfield, of Hull. Mrs. Whit- 
 field had the miniature from her grandmother, who was grand- 
 daughter to Sir Samuel Standidge. 
 
 Mary Standidge, daughter of Sir Samuel, married John Thorn- 
 ton, Esq., merchant ; and their daughters and co-heiresses, Mary 
 and Sarah, married respectively, Thomas Walton aud Thomas Sla- 
 ter, Esquires. The respectable family of Walton are the present 
 representatives of Sir Samuel Standidge.* 
 
 * The Walton Family. — The Waltons, of Hull, appear to Lave come from Blj'tb, in
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-I1ULL. G30 
 
 Mr. Alderman Thompson. — Hull contains several self-made men, 
 the most remarkable, perhaps, of whom is Mr. Thomas Thompson, 
 a princely merchant, a great shipowner, an Alderman, and ex-Mayor 
 of the town ; and moreover, one of her Majesty's well-beloved cou- 
 sins — a Magistrate of the borough. 
 
 Mr. Thompson was born at the village of Long Houghton, near 
 Alnwick, Northumberland, in 1785. His parents being in very 
 humble circumstances, he was deprived of the usual advantages of 
 education, except such scanty rudiments as a casual attendance 
 during a period of two years at the village school might enable him 
 to gather. Ere he was six years old his father died ; and in his 
 
 Nottinghamshire. Thomas Walton was Sheriff of Hull in 1783, and married Mar- 
 garet Porter, of this place. He died in J791. His eldest son, Nicholas Walton, filled 
 the office of Chamherlain of Hull; and Thomas Walton, his youngest son, was Sheriff 
 of Hull in 1797. These were all eminent ship builders. The last mentioned Thomas 
 Walton married Mary, daughter of John and Mary Thornton (mentioned in the text) 
 and grand-daughter of Sir Samuel Standidge, Knt. He built Lime-street Hall, and 
 resided at it; and his eldest son is Samuel Standidge Walton, mentioned in the text. 
 The latter gentleman was 43 years Captain in H.M. East York Regiment of Militia, 
 and in 1800 her Majesty was pleased to accept his resignation. In consequence of 
 his long services Captain Walton has been allowed to retain his rank and to wear his 
 uniform. He is the oldest Captain in the Militia service. In 1800 this gentleman 
 became a Town Councillor for the ward of East Sculcoates, and he continues to be a 
 member of the Corporation of Hull. Edward Nicholas Walton, another son, was 
 elected a Town Councillor of Hull, for Holderness Ward, in 1830, and died in 1814; 
 and a third son of the said Thomas Walton and Mary Thornton is the Rev. Nicholas 
 Walton, late Incumbent of (and still residing at) Sutton, near Hull. 
 
 Mrs. Whitfield, daughter of Captain S. S. Walton, has already, been incidentally 
 alluded to as the possessor of the original portrait of Sir Samuel Standidge. Captain 
 Walton's only surviving son is the Rev. Samuel Standidge Walton, M.A., Fellow of St. 
 John's College, Cambridge. The eldest son of Thomas Walton (brother to Captain 
 Walton) is Thomas Walton, surgeon, Hull. William Porter Walton, son of the Rev. 
 Nicholas 'Walton, was a Town Councillor of Hull from 18o9 to his death, which took 
 place in November, 1801. Margaret, the only surviving daughter of Thomas and 
 Mary Thornton Walton (sister to Captain S. S. Walton), married in 1810 George Codd, 
 Town Clerk of Hull (from 1823 to 1837), Clerk of the Peace for the borough, Clerk 
 to the Borough Magistrates, Steward of the Manor of Myton, Deputy Coroner, Clerk 
 and Registrar of the Court of Record, and Lieutenant in the East York Supplementary 
 Militia. Mr Codd's family held the office of Town Clerk of Hull for three gene- 
 rations. The eldest son of the said George Codd and Margaret, his wife, is the Rev. 
 Edward Thornton Codd, M.A.,Y\csx of Tachbrook, Warwickshire; and their only son 
 at present residing in Hull is Charles Robinson Codd, Solicitor. 
 
 The Waltons are connected with the families of Etherington and Blaydes, through 
 Margaret, the sole heiress of William Porter, who married Thomas Walton, as before 
 stated. They are also connected with the families of Hall and Egginton.
 
 640 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 twelfth year (in 1797) he migrated to Hull, where he entered the 
 service of his mother's uncle, Mr. Thomas Nesbitt, a cheese, bacon, 
 and salt merchant; his own uncle, Mr. Marshall, being then Mr. 
 Nesbitt's clerk. Mr. Nesbitt, however, died three years after; Mr. 
 Marshall succeeded to this business ; and the future Mayor of Hull 
 was transferred to the service of his uncle. In his new position it 
 became a part of the young clerk's duty to copy all the business 
 letters, and to these documents he attributes the formation within 
 him of those practical ideas which he afterwards turned to such 
 good account in his double capacity as a merchant and a public man. 
 From a biographical sketch of the career of Alderman Thompson, 
 published in the " Alnwick Journal," of July 15th, 1802, we learn 
 that Mr. Marshall soon discovered the sterling worth and self-reliant 
 spirit of his relative, and allowed him the privilege of selling a few 
 articles on his own account, such as mats, bags, &c, on the pre- 
 mises. After some years this persevering young man became in this 
 way, together with his other earnings, possessed of £700. ; the 
 whole of which he invested in a cargo of grain, and all at once his 
 little capital was lost by the failure of a corn-factor at Kirby Moor- 
 side. He was then in his 35th year, and separated from his uncle ; 
 and in the face of much opposition from merchants some time estab- 
 lished in the trade, he began to import fruit from Hamburg. Du- 
 ring the first year he cleared £500. He entered into the hide trade 
 in 1820, and was instrumental in making Hull the great foreign 
 hide mart for -the North of Eugland. In one year (1837) he im- 
 ported not less than 100,000 hides; and he has sent two, and 
 sometimes three ships a year to India for hides and other eastern 
 productions. His ship, the " William Lee," cleared by one voyage 
 in this trade the sum of £3,000. 
 
 For a long series of years Mr. Thompson has been an honest and 
 fearless champion of every good and worthy measure connected 
 with his adopted town. In 1835 he was well and fittingly desig- 
 nated " the unpaid advocate of our parochial rights, and the avowed 
 enemy of Corporate oppression." In the same year he was returned 
 to the Town Council for the Market-place Ward (See p. 222) ; and 
 he subsequently became an Alderman. " The large measure of 
 foresight and sagacity with which he has ever been gifted, enabled
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. G<11 
 
 him, on entering the Council, to see and to propose many useful 
 public measures for which the time, however, had not arrived, but 
 the want of which the town has since more fully realised."* This, 
 the language of the Alnwick Journal, is borne out by the testimony 
 of all his contemporaries. " He entered into the various questions 
 of public reform (writes his biographer, in that journal), with that 
 energy and straightforwardness so characteristic of his nature, and 
 in conjunction with the Right Hon. William Hutt, M.P., and others, 
 at length succeeded in having the Stadt, Russian, and South Sea 
 Dues repealed. It is due to Mr. Thompson to acknowledge that 
 he was the very first man in England who directed public attention 
 to the amendment of these measures, and that the reform he urged 
 in reference to them was ably and successfully supported and carried 
 in parliament by the unremitting zeal and advocacy of Mr. Hutt. 
 Hull was thus brought forward and recognised as one of the most 
 important ports in the kingdom, and one of its merchants was ap- 
 pointed Deputy Chairman of the Shipowners of England. The 
 evidence which he has been repeatedly called upon to give before 
 Parliamentary Committees on British Shipping has proved of great 
 service in furthering public reform on this important question. "f 
 
 "Mr. Thompson (continues the journal from which we quote) 
 was elected Mayor of Hull, Nov. 9th, 18-41, the birthday of the 
 Prince of Wales, and during his Mayoralty, as in all his other public 
 
 * It is indeed true that Alderman Thompson brought a large amount of practical 
 knowledge to hear upon the improvements of the town and the Corporation property, 
 during the many years that he filled the important position of Chairman of the Prop* 
 erty Committee. Amongst the improvements with which he was connected in his 
 official capacity, and in many cases the originator, may he mentioned the erection of 
 the Victoria Pier at South-end, the Corporation Dry Dock, the Watchouse and the 
 other improvements at Old South-end, and the Corn Exchange. 
 
 + Even now, in the year 1864, we find Alderman Thompson still in harness, doing 
 battle against a remnant of that commercial monopoly which he first denounced so 
 far back as the year 1834. We learn from his letters in the newspapers that tho 
 " Factory," or Russian Company is still allowed to tax British ships for the payment 
 of the salaries of the Chaplains of the British Ambassador, Consul, and others; and 
 the last return made to Parliament shows that this Bussian Company pay for the re- 
 pahs of the English Church at Moscow, and also for presents of plate, for framing 
 portraits, and numerous other items, and tax the British ships trading to Bussian 
 ports for the amount. If well seconded there can be but little doubt that he who 
 successfully battled against the Elbe or Stadt Dues, the Sound Dues, and the Bussian 
 Company's Dues, will see the extinction of what he is now so loudly denouncing, 
 
 4 N
 
 642 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-nULL. 
 
 functions, did the town signal service by the practical measures of 
 public utility which he carefully superintended and promoted ;* and 
 he was re-elected to the same post in the year when the Princess 
 Royal was married. He went before the Queen, first, the year the 
 Prince was born, and again when the Princess Royal was married. 
 He has since then been repeatedly requested to fill the worthy and 
 honourable office of Mayor, but has invariably declined." At page 
 488 we have noted the presentation of his portrait to the subject of 
 this notice, together with some appropriate observations extracted 
 from the " Eastern Counties Herald " newspaper ; and in several 
 other parts of our history the worthy ex-Mayor's " doings " are in- 
 cidentally referred to. Mr. Alderman Thompson resides at Cliff 
 House, Hessle, a handsome villa in a delightful situation. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Milner, M.A., was born near Leeds in 1744, and in 
 1767 he became Master of the Hull Grammar School. In 1797 
 he was elected Vicar of Holy Trinity Church, which appointment 
 he only survived a few weeks. In 1793 he published the first of 
 his three volumes of the "History of the Church of Christ;" two 
 more volumes were published after his death by his brother, the 
 Rev. Dr. Isaac Milner, Dean of Carlisle; and, since then, three ad- 
 ditional volumes have been published by the Rev. Thomas Scott, of 
 Hull. Mr. Milner was also the author of " Gibbon's account of 
 Christianity considered;" "Essays on the Influence of the Holy 
 Spirit:" an interesting pamphlet entitled " Some remarkable Pas- 
 sages in the Life of William Howard ; " several sermons, &c. 
 
 William Wilberforce, who died in 1833, is noticed at page 532. 
 We have seen, in the possession of a gentleman of Hull, an original 
 bill of sale to William Wilberforce, grandfather of the philanthro- 
 pist, of a cow, an acre of wheat, and an acre of beans, to secure the 
 sum of four pounds ten shillings. 
 
 Adrian Hardy Haworth, F.L.S., author of " Lepidoptera Britan- 
 
 * It is not often we hear that the Chief Magistrate of a great port jumped into a 
 dock and saved a fellow creature's life from drowning. Perhaps they are not often 
 favoured with opportunities of exhihiting their prowess in this way. But Mr. Thomp- 
 son had such an opportunity afforded to him and he did not miss it; for during his 
 first mayoralty a man named Thomas Job accidentally fell into the Humber Dock, 
 when the worthy Mayor, who happened to be passing at the moment, jumped into 
 the water and rescued him.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-IIULL. G43 
 
 nica ; " &c, and P. W. Watson, the author of " Dendrologia Britan- 
 nica," deserve places among the Hull Worthies. 
 
 Thomas Thompson, F.S.A., author of a " History of Swine," &c, 
 is already noticed at page 305. 
 
 Major-General Thomas Perronet Thompson, F.R.S., son of the 
 above, and a native of Hull (See pp. 251, 305), is the author of 
 many very fine articles in the Westminster Review, of which peri- 
 odical he became one of the principal proprietors in 1828. General 
 Thompson is best known by the masses of his countrymen as the 
 author of the " Catechism on the Corn Laws." 
 
 William Etty, the painter; and William Spence, the author of 
 tracts on Political Economy, and a work on Entomology, are noticed 
 at page 538. 
 
 Dr. John Alderson is noticed at page 502 ; Daniel Sykes, at page 
 503; Alderman Ferres, at page 460; Cuthbert Brodrick, architect, 
 at page 484 ; and several other remarkable personages, or " wor- 
 thies," in various parts of this volume. 
 
 John Ward, a highly esteemed painter of marine views, resided 
 in North-street, Hull, where he died of cholera in 1849. Ward's 
 pictures are very numerous, and sold for high prices. 
 
 William Bell, a former merchant of Hull, son of Mr. W. Bell, an 
 auctioneer, published, in 1810, Strass's Chart, with an explanatory 
 Tract ; and " Die Deutsche Blumenlese," being a selection of pieces 
 in prose and verse from the most approved German authors. 
 
 Charles Frost, F.S.A., who died on the 5th of September, 1802, 
 in his 81st year, appeared as the author, in 1815, of a pamphlet, 
 entitled " Considerations on the Propriety of making a Remuneration 
 to Witnesses." In 1820 he came again before the public, in a letter 
 to Thomas Thompson, Esq., " On the Propriety of Equalising the 
 Poor Rates at Hull," &c. In 1827 Mr. Erost published a quarto 
 volume entitled " Notices relative to the Early History of the Town 
 and Port of Hull " — a work of deep research, which has thrown a 
 new light altogether on the origin of the town. Mr. Frost filled 
 the office of Solicitor to the Dock Company for thirty-three years, 
 after having succeeded his father in that situation. 
 
 Thomas Walker, a portrait painter in Hull, is the author of " A 
 Treatise upon the Art of Flying by Mechanical means," which was
 
 044 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 printed here at the Rockingham Office, and published by Longman 
 and Co., London, in 1810. This pamphlet contains " a full explan- 
 ation of the natural principles by which birds are enabled to fly ; " 
 and likewise " instructions and plans for making a flying car with 
 wings, in which a man may sit, and, by working a small lever, cause 
 himself to ascend and soar through the air with the facility of a 
 bird." It is somewhat remarkable that at the same time that Mr. 
 Walker was preparing his treatise on the " science of flying," Sir 
 George Cayley was writing a paper on the same subject, which ap- 
 peared in " Nicholson's Journal " for November, 1809.* Mr. 
 Walker tells us that his invention for attaining the art of flying "is 
 founded entirely upon the principles of nature, and although (he 
 says) these principles are as old as the creation, they have never, 
 until now, been properly attended to. The machine which he plan- 
 ned, he informs us, " is as close a copy of the natural mechanism 
 of a bird as artificial means will admit of." And yet, notwithstand- 
 ing Mr. Walker's plausible arguments, backed by the opinions of 
 several eminent men who lived before him,f we are still condemned, 
 whenever we go from home, to travel on terra firma. Mr. Walker's 
 treatise is dedicated to the Right Hon. Earl Stanhope. 
 
 Thomas Brooks, the eminent painter, was born at Hull in 1818. 
 At an early age this gentleman exhibited a taste for drawing, and 
 some years later had a few lessons in landscape painting from Mr. 
 G. Nicholson, nephew of the celebrated water-colour artist of that 
 name ; but he did not seriously turn his attention to the study of 
 art until he was twenty years of age. Having determined to prac- 
 
 * Sir G. Cayley states that he feels " perfectly confident " that " this noble art will 
 soon be brought home to man's general convenience, and that we shall be able to 
 transport ourselves and families, and their goods and chattels, more securely by air 
 than by water, and with a velocity of from 20 to 100 miles per hour." 
 
 + Friar Bacon, who lived nearly five centuries before Mr. Walker, wrote upon the 
 subject, and affirmed that the art of flying was possible ; and many others have been 
 of opinion, that by means of artificial wings affixed to the arms and legs, a man might 
 fly as well as a bird. Bishop Wilkin, in a treatise upon flying, published in lo72, 
 does not question but that in future ages it will become as common to hear a man 
 call for his wings when going a journey as it was when he used to call for his boots and 
 spurs. The celebrated Lord Bacon wrote on the subject of flying, and believed it 
 practicable, Some years ago a Mr. Henson invented an " Aerial Steam Carriage " 
 for the conveyance of passengers, goods, &c, through the air ; but this invention, like 
 that of Mr. Walker's (speaking figuratively) fell to the ground.
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-H1 II.. 045 
 
 tiso portrait painting, he, in 1838, entered the studio of Mr. Henry 
 Sass, to receive instructions in drawing the figure, and, after six 
 months tuition, he became a student of the Royal Academy. Shortly 
 after this he became a pupil of the late Mr. H. P. Briggs, R.A., for 
 about twelve months, and then spent' six months drawing and 
 copying in the galleries of the Louvre, Paris. Towards the end of 
 the year 1840 he returned to Hull, and after painting there and at 
 other places for a period of five years, he determined to make a stand 
 in the great metropolis. Never much liking portrait painting, he 
 then applied himself to the study of figure subjects, and in 1846 he 
 sent to the Royal Academy his first important work, " The Dawn 
 of Love," which was purchased on the opening day, and eventually 
 engraved. Since that time he has continued to paint subject pic- 
 tures, and has each year been an exhibitor of one or more at the 
 Royal Academy. Most of his pictures have been very popular, and 
 many of them have been engraved. Mr. Brooks has produced a 
 great number of works, the most important subjects being the 
 before-mentioned Dawn of Love ; the First Parting ; the Lord of 
 the Manor in the olden time ; an incident in the life of Burns ; 
 two subjects from Goldsmith's Deserted Village; the Mother's 
 Dream; the Believer's Vision ; Relenting; Early Struggles; Guy 
 Fawkes Day ; Shakespeare before Sir T. Lucy ; Shakespeare's 
 Courtship ; Contrition ; Faith, Hope, and Charity ; the Life Boat 
 going to the Rescue; the Return from the Wreck; the Town Mis- 
 sionary ; Going to the Highland Kirk ; and Resignation. One of 
 his earliest and best portraits is that of the Rev. J. H. Bromby, 
 Vicar of Hull, which has been engraved. Mr. Brooks now resides 
 in London. 
 
 George Pycock Green, another eminent painter, now of London, 
 is a native of Cottingham, near Hull, where his father kept, for 
 many years, an educational establishment. His maternal grand- 
 father, Mr. George Pycock, was an architect in Hull, and several of 
 the public buildings there, and various mansions of the country 
 gentry around, were built from his designs. From early life Mr. 
 Green manifested a strong predilection for art, and his fondness for 
 pictures and drawings amounted almost to a passion. His first 
 essay in oils, at the age of fifteen, without having received any in-
 
 646 HISTORY OF KINGSTOK-UPON-nULL. 
 
 struction in painting or drawing, was a large picture of Cottingham 
 Castle ; and the copy was so successful as to be challenged for the 
 original, by the late Mr. Serjeant Thompson (brother to Colonel 
 Thompson, the owner of the Castle), who saw it at the house of the 
 artist's father some years afterwards. The learned Serjeant recom- 
 mended that the young painter should make art his profession, and 
 his advice was taken. Like Mr. Brooks, he commenced a course 
 of study under Mr. Sass, previous to entering the Royal Academy 
 as an accredited student, and afterwards studied painting under H. 
 P. Briggs, R.A. The fine picture in the Hull Mechanics' Institute, 
 " The Romans instructing the ancient Britons in the Arts and 
 Sciences," was painted by the latter artist, whilst Mr. Green was 
 his pupil. In about two years after he arrived in London, the sub- 
 ject of this sketch commenced portrait painting ; and in 1845 he 
 was united in marriage to Mary Anne Everett Wood, known in the 
 historic world as the author of " Lives of the Princesses of England," 
 in six vols., and editor of " Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies," 
 &c. This lady is at present one of the editors of " Calendars of 
 State Papers," published by direction of the Master of the Rolls. 
 Two years, subsequent to his marriage, were spent abroad, studying 
 in the continental galleries and schools of art, and then Mr. Green 
 settled down in London. The productions of this artist being prin- 
 cipally portraits, are chiefly on the walls of private individuals; 
 but among more public ones may be named a portrait of the late 
 Duke of Cambridge, painted for the Foundling Hospital; the por- 
 traits of the Queen, Sir H. Cooper, Mr. Aid. Thompson, and T. 
 Thompson, Esq., already noticed at pages 191, 240, and 488 of this 
 volume; and that of Mr. Simeon Mosely, painted for the Minerva 
 Lodge of Freemasons in Hull (See p. 607). Mr. Green has also 
 painted several subject pictures, which are in the collections of pri- 
 vate gentlemen ; and has been for many years an exhibitor at the 
 Royal Academy and British Institution. 
 
 Thomas Wilkinson Wallis, the famous carver in wood, now re- 
 siding at Louth, in Lincolnshire, was born in Hull in the year 
 18*21. His father was a cabinet maker; and his mother is the 
 nearest living relative of William Emerson, the mathematician. 
 At the age of thirteen he was apprenticed to Mr. T. Ward, carver
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-Ur-ON-IIULL. G47 
 
 and gilder, Waterworks-street, Hull, but less than a quarter of 
 his time was employed in carving. As a boy he resolved to be 
 a wood carver, and, with this in view, ho devoted all his leisure 
 hours to drawing, modelling, carving, and reading ; and at an early 
 age he laboured hard to produce from nature something of his 
 own. After the term of his apprenticeship expired, he worked as 
 a journeyman for his old master; but not being able to secure full 
 employment in his native town, he, in 1843, accepted a situation at 
 a gilder's at Louth, and in less than a year his employer died. He 
 then succeeded to the gilding business of the deceased employer, 
 in the hope of being the better able to carry out his passion for 
 carving, and, after executing some trifling jobs, he received his first 
 commission from G. Tomline, Esq., M.P., in December, 1847, for 
 a piece of dead game — a partridge. Having set to work carefully 
 and studiously, he produced a work which was pronounced a great 
 success ; and the same patron honoured him with a second com- 
 mission for two more pieces of dead game. These he was induced 
 to exhibit in London. Early in 1850 he sent two specimens of his 
 wood carving to the exhibition of the Society of Arts, in John-street, 
 Adelphi, London. The art public declared them equal to the carv- 
 ings of Grindling Gibbons, and the Council of the Society awarded 
 him for them their large silver medal, and specially added £'5. for 
 the excellent qualities of the works. The same year he produced 
 his large work, " Spring," for the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park, 
 in 1851. This, together with the game subjects, and other pieces, 
 proved one of the most attractive collections in the exhibition. He 
 sold Spring, received numerous commissions, had a prize medal 
 awarded to him, and his carvings were highly complimented in the 
 Juries' Pi,eport. He also exhibited at the " Universal Exposition " 
 in Paris, in 1855, where he obtained a prize medal, and considerable 
 renown ; and at the International Exhibition at South Kensington, 
 in 18G2, he had such a collection of his works as enabled him to 
 maintain his position in the front rank as a carver ; whether the 
 comparison was made with English or foreign work; and he also 
 received a prize medal. 
 
 William Day Keyworth, a sculptor of no mean reputation, was 
 born in Hull, in 1817. His father (a marble mason) removed with
 
 C48 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 his family to London, in 1826, and was afterwards in the employ* 
 ment of Sir Francis Chantrey. At the ago of fourteen, having 
 received a liberal education, the subject of this notice was employed 
 by Mr. H. Weekes, (then Chan trey's senior modeller) to assist him 
 in various ways ; and it was there he obtained that knowledge of 
 the principles of art, which formed a foundation on which to build 
 a fair reputation in after life. The family returned to Hull about 
 the year 1834, and the first work of importance, in which Mr. Key- 
 worth was employed, was the modelling in clay of the ornamental 
 plaster decorations of the Music Hall in Kingston-square. From 
 about the year 1837 to the present day, he has been established 
 here as a sculptor ; and the town is indebted to him for memorials 
 and busts of some of her best citizens. His portraits are all re- 
 markable for their striking individuality and life-like character. 
 Among his best efforts may be classed the marble bust of Mr. 
 Woolley, in Holy Trinity Church, Hull; of Mrs. Ellis, authoress of 
 the "Women of England;" of the Rev. Dr. Hook, late Vicar of 
 Leeds, and now Dean of Chichester ; of the Rev. John King, in 
 Christ Church; the Rev. T. Dykes, in St. John's Church; and of 
 Dr. Fielding, in the Hull Infirmary. He has also modelled excel- 
 lent busts of F. Huntingdon and John Higson, Esqrs., surgeons, 
 both of which are in the Hull Infirmary ; of Dr. Horner ; of Charles 
 Frost, Esq., and of several other important personages connected 
 with the town. In most of the Hull churches are mural monu- 
 ments executed by him ; and he has done good service in keeping 
 alive a sound taste in the memorials of our churchyards and cem- 
 eteries. He has also practised with some success as an architect — 
 principally in the restoration of churches. Ulceby and Wootton 
 churches, in Lincolnshire, were restored under his superintendence, 
 and many of the finest casts of examples of ecclesiastical architec- 
 ture in the Mediaeval Court at the Crystal Palace at Sydenham, are 
 from his hands. Mr. Keyworth has a fine collection of casts from 
 the Cathedrals of York and Lincoln, and some of the best of the 
 Yorkshire churches. 
 
 William Day Keyworth, Junior, sculptor, son of the above, born 
 at Hull in 1S43, is at present a student at the Royal Academy of 
 Art, London ; and bids fair to do credit to his native town. He,
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 649 
 
 last year (I860), exhibited at the Royal Academy, an admirable 
 bust of Humphry Sandwith, Esq., M.D., of Hull ; he has since 
 completed a bust, in plaster, of Sir Henry Cooper, Knt., M.D., 
 which, from the faithfulness of the likeness, must go far towards 
 making a reputation for this talented young sculptor ; and he has 
 just been entrusted with the execution of the sculpture for the frieze 
 of the front of the main building and tower of the new Town Hall, 
 of his native town. His elementary education in art has been ac- 
 quired in the best schools ; and, from the marks of genius he has 
 already displayed, we may safely prophesy that he will well main- 
 tain, in the future, the artistic honour of Hull. 
 
 George J. Skelton, pupil of Sir Henry E. Bishop, and now Organist 
 of the Holy Trinity Church, of Hull, and Conductor of the Hull 
 Vocal Society, is a native of Lincoln, in the Cathedral of which city 
 he was Deputy-organist to his father, previous to his being intro- 
 duced to the people of Hull in 1826, by the old Choral Society. 
 Mr. Skelton has composed a highly popular Church Service, which 
 is used in most of the Cathedrals and Collegiate Chapels in the 
 kingdom. He is also the composer of a number of excellent glees, 
 madrigals, &c. ; and a quantity of piano-forte music. Two of the 
 gems of his lighter compositions are a four-part song called " Ye 
 Mossy Fountains ;" a song, " The Volunteers of England," of which 
 the poetry too is by Mr. Skelton ; and " Oh dear what can the 
 matter be," arranged, with variations, for the piano.* His recent 
 compositions, on airs from Sir H. R. Bishop's operas, are — The 
 Tramp Chorus — The Dashing White Sergeant — The Bloom is on 
 the Rye — My Heart and Lute — and Foresters Sound the Cheer- 
 
 * The musical society over which Mr. Skelton presides as Conductor, has given him 
 a heautiful gold-mounted ivory conducting haton bearing this inscription : — " Presen- 
 ted by the members of the Hull Vocal Society, to their conductor, George J. Skelton, 
 Esq. A token of their appreciation of his valuable services, and of their high respect 
 for his talents and character, May, 1802." In 1855 the juvenile members of the 
 Vocal Society presented Mr. Skelton with a silver-hafted paper knife of pearl. 
 
 Mr. Skelton has in his possession a handsome time-piece bearing this inscription : 
 — "Presented to G. J. Skelton, Esq., by the Superintendents and Teachers of the 
 various Sunday Schools in Hull, as a memorial of their gratitude for his valuable 
 and disinterested services as Conductor of the united choir of 12,000 children, on 
 the occasion of Her Majesty's visit to Hull, October 14th, 1864." (See p. 188.) 
 
 4 o
 
 650 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 ful Horn — brilliantly arranged for the piano-forte.* Sleep, Gentle 
 Lady — Hark ! the Bonny Christ Church Bells, &c, by the same 
 composer, are announced. 
 
 Harry Deval, Mus. Doc, Chevalier de VOrdre Beige de Leopold, has 
 resided at Hull during the last sixteen years, but is a native of Lon- 
 don. At an early age this gentleman commenced the study of the 
 " divine art," at the Koyal Academy of Music, London ; and he com- 
 pleted his musical education during a three years residence in Italy. 
 He has composed a large number of pieces of every description, 
 including several cantatas and operas, and an oratorio ; his chief 
 productions being the operas of " Lillian " — " Die Eeuber " — " Un- 
 dine" — "La Tempesta" — "La Serenade du Jeune Musicien" — 
 "Duchesse De La Valliere" — and "The Married Maidens;" the 
 cantata of " Time and Song ;" and the oratorio of " Lazarus." The 
 libretto of Lillian and La Serenade is by the composer himself, and 
 the libretto of the Duchesse De La Vallierre is by Miss M. E. 
 Braddon, the celebrated novelist. One of these operas was pub- 
 lished in London ; two of them were published on the continent ; 
 and the others are still in manuscript. Die Reuber was com- 
 posed for, and produced at the Imperial Theatre, Vienna. The 
 poetry of Time and Song is by Mr. George Hubert Lovell, of 
 Hull. Dr. Deval's songs are numerous, and the words of several 
 of them are by Mr. G. H. Lovell. After returning from Italy he, 
 for some time, occupied the position of musical director and com- 
 poser in the Theatres Royal, Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Newcastle- 
 upon-Tyne; and in 1848 he made his first appearance in Hull, at 
 the Theatre Royal, Humber-street, in the character of the Marquis, 
 in the opera of " Fra Diavolo." Since that period he has resided 
 here. He received his musical doctorship at Leipsic, in 1858; 
 and in the same year, having composed a musical service for the 
 
 * Of these, " The Orchestre," a London musical Journal, says : — " This is a most 
 welcome addition to the arrangements of the day, many of Sir Henry Bishop's melo- 
 dies being really beautiful, and quite adapted for piano-forte transcription. Mr. 
 Skelton has done his work well, and the arrangements before us are in every way 
 recommendable. Professors will find these serviceable, and pupils of average pro- 
 ficiency will delight in them. The variations are well suited to the subjects they il- 
 lustrate ; the passages are convenient for the hand, and of decided effect."
 
 HTSTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. G51 
 
 Chapel Royal, Brussels, his Belgian Majesty (Leopold) decorated 
 him with the cross of the Order of Leopold.* 
 
 George Hubert Lovell (a native of Surrey, but for about 22 years 
 Master of St. James's National School, Hull), is a poet of no ordi- 
 nary character. More than one hundred of his songs, ballads, and 
 other compositions, are in the hands of the public. His songs 
 are of every class, sentimental, pastoral, domestic, amatory, naval, 
 military, and patriotic ; and many of them have been wedded to 
 sweet and appropriate music. His beautiful romanza, " Time and 
 Song" written for a cantata, and set to music by Dr. Deval, was 
 performed at Hull and Brussels, as noticed above. "Peace and 
 
 * The Vienna Wanderer (newspaper) mentions the opera of Die Eeuber in unqualified 
 terms of praise. " Whatever expectations may have been raised (it observes), they 
 certainly have been fully realised, and the composer must have been perfectly satis- 
 fied with the triumph achieved, for never was a Vienna audience more enthusiastic, 
 or more deservedly so." It also states that the opera " is a work of great beauty, full 
 of exquisite melodies ; " that " the concerted music and choruses are exceedingly 
 dramatic and varied;" that the overture, which was loudly re-demanded, is a piece of 
 magnificent orchestral writing ; " and that the instrumentation throughout the 
 opera displays the hand of a master and a genius." Dr. Deval's elaborate work, 
 the sacred oratorio of Lazarus, was first performed at Hull in 1858, by tbe Kingston 
 Sacred Musical Society, of which body the composer was conductor. It was subse- 
 quently produced at Bristol, Canterbury, and other places in England, and in 1859 
 it was produced at Brussels, and the local papers of the period speak very highly of 
 it. We learn from the Independance Beige that after the performance of the oratorio, 
 the talented composer received the honour of membership from the Boyal Conserva- 
 toire of Music, and the Philharmonic Society at Brussels. The Journal de Bruxelles, 
 after having alluded to the previous successes of Lillian and Lazarus, speaks of La 
 Serenade as having been on its first representation " a perfect triumph, the music 
 being of a sparkling and most melodious character." The opera (it continues) must 
 greatly enhance the already extended fame of the composer." The same news- 
 paper informs us that at the midnight hour in which tbe opera was produced, " the 
 band of the Grande Philharmonic serenaded the composer at the Hotel of the English 
 Ambassador, where he was stopping;" and that on Sunday Dr. Deval " had the honour 
 of dining with the Duke and Duchess de Brabant, and in the evening of attending his 
 Pioyal Highness and a select circle to the concert at the Waux Hall." The fine can- 
 tata of Time and Song was produced in Hull in December, 1858, and in the spring 
 of tbe year following it was performed at Brussels by the band and chorus of the 
 Grand Harmonic Society, with great success — the performance being honoured by 
 the presence of several members of the royal family and the court. 
 
 Dr. Deval is the author of " The Art of Vocalization, with complete Instructions for 
 the Cultivation of the Voice," which he dedicated to his pupil, Lieut.-Col. Wellesley. 
 This work has run through three editions, and is used at the Academy of Music, 
 London, and in the Conservatoire de Bruxelles. He has likewise composed and 
 delivered some excellent lectures on the music of Dr. Arne, Bishop, Mozart, Shield , 
 Bellini, &c.
 
 052 HISTORY OF K1NGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 War," written for music, is another of his beautiful romanzas. An 
 excellent cantata of Mr. Lovell's has been set to music by Mr. R. 
 Morrison ; and the composers of the music of several of his songs are 
 Messrs. Lovell Phillips, R.A. Mus., Alexander Stacey, B. West, 
 and Camidge ; Dr. Deval, Mons. Marani, &c. Frederic Clay, Esq. 
 (a good musical amateur, and the son of one of the M.P.'s for this 
 borough) set one of his ballads, " ! give me back the simple 
 wreath," to music. Mr. William Tindill Watson, a musical ama- 
 teur of Hull, is the composer of our poet's admired song, " The 
 People's Park." Perhaps the prettiest and the best of Mr. Lovell's 
 published songs (besides those just named) are " Fear Not ! Bri- 
 tannia's Honour's safe "■ — " Happy moments quickly pass " — " ! 
 bring me my sickle " — " I dreamt last night of thee love " — " They 
 say the War is over "— "Dont be late "— " Old England's Tars "— 
 " Was I to blame ? " — and " Come to the primrose dell." Some 
 of his songs have been sung by eminent artistes, including Mr. 
 Sims Pieeves. The Hull Advertiser, of May 30th, 1857, says 
 " Mr. Lovell is a very excellent writer of songs. His verses are 
 above the run of similar compositions of the present day. They 
 are not only pretty and flowing, but they have the additional and 
 rare advantage of being rational." 
 
 In 1857 Mr. Lovell exhibited in Hull a series of commercial 
 and statistical charts, executed by him solely by hand, and covering 
 a space of more than 800 square feet of drawing paper — the length 
 of lines being nearly four miles. On them was shewn at one view 
 the progress of the corn and cotton trades ; the imports and exports, 
 with the mouthly fluctuations ; the state of trade in general ; the 
 number of bankruptcies gazetted monthly ; the highest and lowest 
 monthly quotations of consols ; yearly, monthly, and weekly averages 
 of grain, all on a given scale, and designed in different patterns and 
 colours, so as to show their influence on each other. The first se- 
 ries included all the above information from January 1st, 1801, to 
 December 1st, 1850. The second series showed the general exports 
 of the united kingdom ; the prices of grain from 1595 ; the various 
 periods from that date to 1857 spent in peace and war; the pro- 
 gress of the national debt, from its origin to the latter date, illustra-
 
 IUSTORY OF KINOSTON-UrON-HULL. 053 
 
 ting the ruinous effect of war upon the same — arranged in design 
 and colour to shew the mutual bearings, as in the first series. 
 
 The following is one of the local newspaper notices concerning 
 these novel and elaborate charts : — " These charts illustrate in a 
 most ingenious and striking manner the progress of the corn trade, 
 the national debt, of trade in general, and of finance for a long series 
 of years. As a record of the past, in connexion with these branches 
 of political economy, so inseparably united with a nation's weal, no 
 other country in the world can, perhaps, boast of so lucid and com- 
 plete a work ; while, as regards magnitude, it is, in all probability, 
 the largest specimen of penmanship in Europe. * * The work 
 is the result of the ingenuity and industry of our townsman Mr. G. 
 H. Lovell, who is also the compiler and designer of a very elaborate 
 statistical work recently published by Longman and Co. As re- 
 gards the execution of this work, it is impossible to speak too highly ; 
 while the merits and utility of the same will undoubtedly place its 
 author's name in very high position among those of the contribu- 
 tors to the statistical literature of the present day." 
 
 Mr. Lovell is at present preparing for the press, " A Statistical 
 Review of the Progress and State of Trade and Commerce in Great 
 Britain during the last Century." This work, which will be divided 
 into cycles of five years each, is expected to end with the year 1865. 
 Dr. John Alderson, a native of Lowestoft, but who spent upwards 
 of 40 years in Hull, where he died in 1829 (See p. 502), was the 
 author of " An Essay on the nature and origin of the Contagion of 
 Fevers," printed at Hull in 1788. Also, of " An Essay on the Im- 
 provement of Poor Soils," printed in 1802 ; a paper in Nicholson's 
 Journal, in 1799, " Geological Observations on the Vicinity of Hull 
 and Beverley ; " an " Essay on the Khus Toxicodendron," published 
 in 1804 ; and " An Essay on Apparitions," published in 1811. Dr. 
 Alderson was also the author of several excellent lectures delivered 
 before the members of the literary societies of Hull. 
 
 Dr. James Alderson, son of the above, and a native of Hull, but 
 now residing in London (See p. 174, where his name is erroneously 
 spelt Anderson), communicated to the Quarterly Journal of Science, 
 Literature, and the Arts, in 1825, an essay " On the Motion of the 
 Heart," which excited the attention of the profession. In the same
 
 654 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 year Lis " Account of a Whale of the Spermaceti Tribe, cast on 
 shore on the Yorkshire coast," was read before the Cambridge Phi- 
 losophical Society, and is printed in their Transactions. In 1830 
 Dr. Alderson communicated to the Medico-Chirurgical Society his 
 " Pathology of Hooping Cough," which was printed in the proceed- 
 ings of that association. 
 
 John Crosse, F.S.A., &c, a native of this place, is the author of 
 " An Account of the Grand Musical Festival held in September, 
 1823, in the Cathedral Church of York " — a quarto volume, pub- 
 lished at York in 1825. It contains also a sketch of the rise and 
 progress of the musical festivals in Great Britain ; with biograph- 
 ical and historical notes. 
 
 Mr. Frost, in a published " Address delivered to the Literary and 
 Philosophical Society of Hull," in 1830 — in which he notices all 
 the literary and scientific men who had been connected with the 
 town — states that Mr. Crosse's work " is indeed a valuable supple- 
 ment to the Histories of Music, by Burney, Hawkins, and others." 
 
 Mr. Crosse was possessed of considerable literary attainments. 
 He died about thirty years ago. 
 
 Christopher Thomson, at present an artist, residing at Sheffield, 
 was born in Sculcoates, Hull, December 25th, 1797, and is the 
 author of a well written interesting octavo volume, published in 
 1847 (Chapman, London), entitled " The Autobiography of an Ar- 
 tisan." The aim of this work is the elevation of the working classes. 
 Mr. Thomson's father was a shipwright, and his mother was the 
 daughter of a bricklayer of Hull. He received but a small share of 
 school education, and at a tender age he worked for a miserable pit- 
 tance as a brickmaker's assistant. In 1813 he was apprenticed, 
 under the Cogan's Charity, to Messrs. Barnes, Dykes, and King, 
 shipbuilders, in Sculcoates, but he never liked the business. In 
 1820 he went to Greenland as a carpenter's mate in a whaler, called 
 the " Duncombe," and his descriptions of the voyage, &c, are very 
 vivid. A few years later we find him working as a sawyer with his 
 father-in-law, Thomas Leaf, of Hull ; and devoting his leisure hours 
 to the " getting up " of amateur theatricals. Having received a 
 sword thrust in the leg, at an amateur " rehearsal," which incapa- 
 citated him for the business of a sawyer, he became a " strolling
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 055 
 
 player;" in which position he suffered great hardships for a few 
 years. At length, in 1832, he " settled down " in the village of Ed- 
 winstowe, Notts, where he practised the trade of a house painter ; 
 and, in 1851, he removed to Sheffield, where he has pretty well 
 succeeded as an artist, in oil and colours. His pictures are princi- 
 pally landscapes, copied from nature, and the Sheffield newspapers 
 give them great praise. The remarkable career of our author- 
 artist is noticed in a work published in London a few years ago, 
 called " Our Examplars, Poor and Kich," edited by M. D. Hill, 
 Esq., with a preface by Lord Brougham. Mr. Thomson is given 
 as a "poor examplar." Mr. William Howitt has a paper in his 
 journal called the " Two Thompsons " — one of whom is Christopher 
 Thomson, of Hull, successively shipwright, sawyer, actor, painter, 
 and artist. This remarkable self-educated man is also noticed in 
 Mr. Charles Knight's "Biographical Magazine;" and in "Wiel- 
 don's Literary Register" for January, 1862. In May, 1863, Mr. 
 Thomson visited his native town, on which occasion he represented 
 the Sheffield Mechanics' Institute (of which he is a Vice President), 
 at the annual meeting of the Yorkshire Union of Mechanics' In- 
 stitutes (See p. 504). 
 
 Thomas Earle, of London, the celebrated sculptor, was born in 
 Osborne-street, Hull, in May, 1810, where his father, Mr. John 
 Earle, died on the 11th of December, 1863, aged 84 (See p. 504). 
 In very early life Mr. Earle manifested a talent for modelling, and 
 at the age of twelve years he may be said to have commenced his 
 career as a sculptor. In 1830 he left his native town for London, 
 and was shortly afterwards engaged by Sir Francis Chantrey as an 
 assistant. In this position he remained eight years, during which 
 time he modelled and worked upon many of that eminent Sculp- 
 tor's best works. About the same period he studied at the Royal 
 Academy ; and in 1839 he gained the gold medal and other honours. 
 Hull is rich in well known works of its talented townsman, several 
 of which are noticed in the pages of this history ; and the chief of 
 which is the statue of the Queen in the Public Park (See p. 350). 
 His marble busts of Mr. Alderman Thompson, Henry Blundell, 
 Esq., and several other local celebrities, are faithful likenesses. 
 
 Besides those in the possession, of his native town, the following are amongst
 
 G56 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 tbe principal works designed and modelled by Mr. Earle: — The Age of Innocence; 
 the Minstrel Boy ; Hercules rescuing Hesione (this group gained the gold medal in 
 the Eoyal Academy) ; Maternal Affection ; an Ancient Briton protecting his Family ; 
 Edward I. presenting the first Prince of Wales (the latter two were purchased by the 
 late Joseph Gee, Esq., of Hull) ; Eve, Sin Triumphant; the Infant Christ bruising 
 the Serpent; Genius receiving the Eeward of Merit; Cupid Rejected; Pastorella; 
 Ophelia ; Zephyrus and Aurora ; Silvia and the Wounded Fawn ; Nature's Mirror ; a 
 Hindoo Girl testing the fate of her Lover ; two statuettes of the late Sir Robert Peel, 
 Bart. ; Jacob and Eachael ; L'Allegro ; Abel and Thirza ; Pyramus and Thisbe ; Eve ; 
 Grace before Meat ; a model of a small statue of Andrew Marvel, once intended to 
 be erected in Hull, much larger than life ; Hyacinthus ; Cinderella ; Titania ; a Girl 
 at Prayer ; and Happy as a Queen (the latter was carved in marble for the late Earl 
 of Yarborough). Nearly the whole of these are life size. One of our great sculp- 
 tor's latest works is a marble statue of the late Prince Consort (eight feet high, with 
 a pedestal six feet high) for the grounds of the Licensed Victuallers' Asylum, Old 
 Kent Road, London. 
 
 Charles Richard Lambert, a native of Hull, and at present a Town 
 Councillor of the borough, is the author of " Poems : and Transla- 
 tions from the German of Goethe, Schiller, &c," published by Whit- 
 taker and Co., London, and J. W. Leng, Hull, in 1850. The book 
 contains 84 poetic pieces, exactly half of which are translations, 
 the other moiety being the original compositions of Mr. Lambert. 
 Many of the sonnets, stanzas, &c, are very sweet in sentiment and 
 meritorious as compositions or poetic translations. Mr. Lambert 
 composed and delivered three courses of excellent lectures before 
 the Hull Literary and Philosophical Society. The first course, 
 given in 1847, consisted of five lectures, the subject being " Chi- 
 valry and Knighthood ;" the second course of five lectures, delivered 
 in 1850, was " On the Poets and Poetry of Germany, from the ear- 
 liest period to Schiller;" and the third course, in 1852, consisting 
 of six lectures, was on " The Crusaders." What renders these 
 productions more than ordinarily remarkable is tbe fact that its 
 clever author has been deprived of the great blessing of eye sight 
 since his infancy. Mr. C. R. Lambert, being a brother of the 
 Messrs. Lambert, wine merchants, is a maternal descendant of Al- 
 derman Crowle (See p. 311). 
 
 Henry Greensides, a native of Halton Ferry, Lincolnshire, but for 
 upwards of thirty years and at present a denizen of Hull — where 
 he has been employed in humble but respectable positions — is the 
 author of two small poetic works, which, taking into consideration 
 the scanty opportunities which the author had for acquiring know-
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UrON-HULL. 657 
 
 led^e, possess considerable merit. One, published in 1848 (while 
 its author was a sailor), is entitled " Walks with the Muses," " which 
 (to use the language of a local newspaper) is one of those unpre- 
 tending little volumes whose very appearance disarms criticism." 
 It was dedicated, by permission, to Sir Clifford Constable, Bart. 
 The second work, just published (May, 1864), contains a reprint of 
 the principal poem in the former volume, viz., " Humber Banks;" 
 and several other pretty little sketches. This is dedicated, by per- 
 mission, to the Lord High Steward of Hull, the Earl de Grey and 
 Eipon. In February, 1849, at a "Public Presentation Soiree," 
 held in the Public Rooms, Dr. Warburton's edition of the works of 
 Alexander Pope, in six volumes, and a purse of money, were pre- 
 sented to Mr. Greensides. 
 
 Thomas Walton, of Hull, surgeon, is the author of " A Day on 
 the Holderness Kailway," an interesting pamphlet, published in 
 
 1856, by Mr. M. C. Peck, of Hull. It contains brief but excellent 
 notices of the principal places on the line between Hull and Wi- 
 thernsea, including Hedon, Keyingham, Burstwick, and Patrington. 
 He is also the author of a series of well prepared papers, headed 
 " Loose Leaves from the History of the Humber," which exhibit 
 considerable research, and are full of antiquarian lore of a pleasing 
 character, in connexion with the early history of Britain. These 
 sketches appeared in the Hull Advertiser newspaper, in 1857. 
 
 John Symons, a native of Hull, and at present a Town Councillor 
 of the borough, and Deputy Governor of the Corporation for the 
 Belief of the Poor of Hull, is the author of a very interesting, plea- 
 sant, gossipping little volume entitled " High-Street, Hull, Some 
 Years Since, and Biographical Sketches." The greater part of the 
 contents of this work appeared in the columns of the Hull Adver- 
 tiser newspaper, in the year 1861 ; and in the following year the 
 volume was published by Mr. J. W. Leng, of Hull. We have fre- 
 quently quoted this work in the present history. Mr. Symons has 
 been an anonymous contributor to the local press since the year 
 
 1857, when he advocated the necessity of providing a park for the 
 people. Since then he has given his support, with the pen, in fa- 
 vour of a bridge across the harbour, a west dock, a new market, the 
 volunteer movement, sanitary reform, dock trusts, civil and religious 
 
 4 p
 
 658 HISTORY OF KINGSTOK-UPON-HULL. 
 
 liberty, &c. During the existence of a local satirical paper, the 
 " Free Press," he wrote many of its best articles, some of a serious 
 and others of a humorous character. For several years he has 
 taken an active part in ward and other local public meetings. In 
 1857 he was first elected to the office of Guardian of the Poor for 
 the Humber Ward ; and on the death of Mr. Bishop Barnby, in 
 February last (1864), he was elected Deputy Governor of the Poor. 
 In November, 1863, he became a Town Councillor for the Market- 
 place Ward. Mr. Symons is an honorary member of nearly all the 
 friendly societies in the town; and an Odd Fellows' Lodge, bearing 
 his name, was opened in April, 1862. 
 
 Captain George Hall, of Brook-street, Hull, and Kose Cottage, 
 Elloughton (a native of Hull, and an Elder Brother of Trinity 
 House), is the author of a "Journal of my Two Escapes from 
 French Prisons during the Great War " — a pleasant little work con- 
 taining much topographical information — published by Mr. J. M. 
 Stark, of Hull, in 1860, for private circulation only. He is also the 
 author of another small work called the " Autobiography of a Little 
 Sailor Boy," which was published in 1862, chiefly for private circu- 
 lation. Captain Hall has three sons in New Zealand, in good 
 positions. One of them, John Hall, Esq., is now the President of 
 the Upper House of Assembly there. 
 
 William Bernard, a young poet of considerable promise, though 
 not a native, has resided (and continues to reside) with his parents 
 in Hull, during the greater part of his life. The perusal of up- 
 wards of thirty fugitive pieces or scraps of poetry — many of them 
 possessing merit — scattered over the pages of several periodicals and 
 newspapers, induces the belief that Mr. Bernard, should he assidu- 
 ously cultivate the poetic muse, will be heard of hereafter. 
 
 John Foster Gresham, barrister-at-law, one of the sons of Mr. 
 Alderman Gresham, was this year appointed Chief Justice of Gre- 
 nada, West Indies. For the last six months he has occupied the 
 judicial bench, and the newspapers of his district mention him in 
 terms that do honour, not only to himself as a gentleman and a 
 Judge, but to the old town on the Humber 's banks in which he 
 was born.
 
 HISTORY OF KINQSTON-UPON-HULL. 659 
 
 The Eight Rev. Charles Henry Bromby, D.D., the second and 
 present Bishop of Tasmania, is son of the Bcv. J. H Bromby, M.A. r 
 the present Vicar of Hull, and was born in the Vicarage House here, 
 July 11th, 1814. His school days were passed at the Hull and 
 Uppingham Grammar Schools ; he entered St. John's College, Cam- 
 bridge, in October, 1833, where he obtained a Scholarship ; lie gra- 
 duated B.A. at Cambridge as ninth junior Op., and first of the third 
 class in the Classical Tripos, in 1837 ; and was subsequently or- 
 dained to the Curacy of Chesterfield. He afterwards held the 
 Curacy of Christ Church and the Readership of Holy Trinity 
 Church, in Hull ; and took his M.A. degree in 1840. In 1843 he 
 became Incumbent of St. Paul's, Cheltenham, and in 1847, Prin- 
 cipal of the Normal College in the same town — in the erection of 
 which he took a prominent part. Indeed, this Training College 
 owes its existence very much to his indefatigable zeal in raising 
 funds for its establishment. The Bishopric of Tasmania was offered 
 to him by the Duke of Newcastle, on the 31st of March, 1864, im- 
 mediately before his Grace resigned the office of Secretary of State 
 for the Colonies. The Bishop is the author of treatises on theologi- 
 cal, educational, and philosophical subjects, including " The Church 
 Student's Manual;" and "The History and Grammar of the En- 
 glish Language." He edited thirteen volumes of the " Papers for 
 the Schoolmaster;" and Wordsworth's "Excursion," with notes. 
 Dr. Bromby is the first Bishop born in Hull.* 
 
 * The Cheltenham Times newspaper of the 9th of April, 1864, gives a very flattering 
 account of Dr. Bromby's character and labours in Cheltenham for upwards of twenty 
 years. " As Principal of the most successful Training College in England, no less 
 than as Incumbent of St. Paul's (the editor writes), he has won the respeet and is en- 
 titled to the gratitude of the community. At the period of his induction St. Paul's 
 Church was in a most deplorable condition, and the district around it in a sadly neg- 
 lected state. How many years of hard work and incessant anxiety elapsed before the 
 present state of things was developed, those only who have aided or watched Dr. 
 Bromby in his career of usefulness alone can tell. Located in the worst neighbour- 
 hood of the town, and surrounded by the poor and needy, as well as by the criminal 
 and vicious, a less vigorous mind would have quailed before the apparent hopeless- 
 ness of the task set before it. Step by step the efforts made by this Christian philan- 
 thropist told gradually upon the people, who began to discover that they bad for a 
 Minister one who possessed a large heart, and was animated by the most liberal as- 
 pirations for their welfare. Instead of an empty Church, whose barn-like simplicity 
 was only equalled by the dulness of the services and the paucity of worshippers we 
 now have a renovated structure, admirably lighted and ventilated, in which the poor
 
 600 
 
 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Michael Charles Peck, jun., has, for some years past, been en- 
 gaged in collecting material for a complete History of Holy Trinity 
 Church, Hull. In the course of his research much reliable and 
 valuable information has been obtained in the libraries of the Dean 
 and Chapter of York, the British Museum, and at the Bodleian 
 Library, Oxford. 
 
 equally with the rich are cared for, and where no distinctions are made of a specially 
 invidious and unchristian character. And the services, too, are conducted with 
 warmth and zeal. * * His loss (he continues,) will be deeply felt by the commu- 
 nity, and he will be followed to the antipodes with the affectionate regard of all ac- 
 quainted with his honourable and useful life."
 
 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 
 
 (To June 1st, 1864.; 
 
 Pago 10, line 20. For the word notice, read notices. 
 
 „ 11, 329. The construction of the West Dock (See p. 294) 
 necessitated the removal of the ancient Limekiln 
 Creek ; and a new creek is being provided in lieu of it. 
 
 „ 52, line 22. Bead a mullioned window ; and in the follow- 
 ing line, for Welton Grange read at Melton. 
 
 „ 56, line 3. For King Henry, read King Henry VI. 
 
 „ 77, line 18. For four, read three; and in the following line 
 omit the words Trinity House. On this point we 
 committed the error of the older historians, for the 
 Trinity House was not suppressed by Henry VIII. 
 
 „ 79, line 3 from the foot. For 1563, read 1553. 
 
 „ 104, line 10 from the foot. For Glemham, read Glewham. 
 
 „ 174, line 24. For James Anderson, M.D., read James Al- 
 der son, M.D. 
 
 „ 185, line 2 of the text from the foot. For Mr. Nevin, read 
 Mr. Niven. 
 
 „ 195. The guard ship " Cornwallis," which for the past seven 
 years had lain at anchor at this port, left for Sheer- 
 ness on the 29th of March, 1864, and is to be re- 
 placed by the " Dauntless," a fifty gun frigate, as 
 coast-guard ship for the Humber. 
 
 „ 203, last line of the text. For this month, read January, 1862. 
 
 „ 218. Add the following to this page. John Lee Smith, Esq., 
 twice Mayor of Hull, a Magistrate of the Borough, a 
 member of the first reformed Corporation (Seep. 223), 
 and for several years one of the leading men amongst 
 the reformers of Hull, died on the 22nd, of Oct. 1863.
 
 669 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 
 
 Page 218. It is noteworthy that the latter end of the year 1863 
 was remarkable for most extraordinary mild weather. 
 Mr. John Milne, of Derringham-street, Hull, a very 
 good practical amateur florist, had in his garden 
 above a dozen different kinds of roses in bloom, in the 
 open air, on Christmas-day — besides several others 
 in full bud. Such late flowering in this locality is 
 perhaps unprecedented. 
 
 „ 232, last line but one. Samuel Boyse there mentioned was 
 chosen Sheriff at the period referred to. 
 
 „ 235. The name of the Sheriff for 1546 was Oversall not 
 Oversail. 
 
 „ 236. The Sheriff's name for 1588 was Cole not Coll. 
 
 „ 238, 239. The Corporation. On the 9th of Nov., 1863, John 
 Lumsden, Esq., succeeded to the office of Mayor; 
 and Edwin Davis, Esq., to that of Sheriff. At the 
 same period Messrs. W. Balk, J. Story, G. Reckitt, 
 H. M. Ellis, and W. Galloway ceased to be Town 
 Councillors. The new Councillors then elected were 
 Messrs. John Symons, Frederick William Hudson, 
 Abraham Spencer, William Ramsey, and George 
 Eaton.* 
 
 „ 239. Clerk to the Magistrates. On the 4th of Nov., 186-3, 
 J. H. Gresham, Esq., succeeded to this office on the 
 death of C. E. Ayre, Esq. 
 
 * At the close of the Municipal Elections for 1863 Mr. Pexton received an elegant 
 skeleton time-piece of Gothic design, bearing this inscription — " Presented to Mr. 
 Eichard Pexton by John Lumsden, Esq., Mayor of Hull, in appreciation of valuable 
 services rendered as Chairman of the Committee for securing his election as Town 
 Councillor for the Market-place Ward, November, 1863." 
 
 A few days later Mr. J. Graves received a testimonial for similar services, rendered 
 to the liberal party at the Municipal Elections for another ward. It is a silver epergne 
 12£ inches in height, and 30 oz. in weight, and is chastely ornamented with vine 
 leaves and fruit. The inscription is — " Presented to Mr. Jesse Graves by his Friends 
 as a token of their esteem for his uniform kindness to the Poor, and the residents of 
 South Myton Ward. December 11th, 1863." 
 
 Immediately after the elections of the previous year, Mr. R. Pexton was presented 
 with Macaulay's Works complete, in eleven vols. The following inscription on the 
 books reveals the object, &c. — "Presented to Mr. Eichard Pexton, as a mark of ap- 
 preciation of the manner in which he, as Chairman, conducted the Municipal Elec- 
 tion of Messrs. Clarke and Field, Nov., 1862."
 
 ADDITIONS AMD CORRECTIONS. 663 
 
 Page 2 12, line 10. After the Marquis of Carmarthen, read after- 
 wards Duke of Leeds ; and at line 13 omit the words 
 afterwards Marquis of Carmarthen. 
 
 „ 275. The new Battery at Paull is built on the site of an old 
 fort (See p. 116), which was demolished in 1642, by 
 the parliamentarians who were proceeding to the re- 
 lief of Hull, then besieged by the royal army. 
 
 „ 294. West Dock.— The Deputy-Chairman of the Hull Dock 
 Company has just laid the foundation stone of the 
 West Dock — the piling, &c, of which was commen- 
 ced last year — in the presence of the Mayor (John 
 Lumsdeu, Esq.), several Directors of the Company, 
 &c. The beautifully ornamented trowel used on the 
 occasion was supplied by Mr. Bethel Jacobs. A 
 bottle containing a couple of newspapers, several 
 coins, and a parchment bearing the following inscrip- 
 tion, were placed in a cavity of the stone : — " The 
 first stone of the West Dock, authorised to be made 
 by Act 24 and 25 Vict., ch. 70, was laid by Wil- 
 liam Wright, Esq., Deputy-Chairman, 21st May, 
 D.V., 1864. Board of Directors :— Thomas Firbank, 
 Esq., Chairman ; William Wright, Esq., Deputy 
 Chairman ; William Collinson, J. G. Jackson, J. 
 Lumsden, J. W. Pease, C. Simpson, D. R. Smith, 
 T. Voase, J. Whittaker, S. West, Directors; Mr. 
 John Hawkshaw, F.R.S., Engineer; William Mc. 
 Cormick, Contractor for the work ; William Henry 
 Moss, solicitor; William Henry Huffam, secretary; 
 R. A. Marillier, engineer; Capt. Dale Brown, Super- 
 intendent dock master. God save the Queen." 
 
 „ 303, lines 5, 6. Thomas Holden, Esq., solicitor, died in No- 
 vember, 1863, aged 68 years.* 
 
 * In announcing Mr. Holden's decease the "Hull Advertiser" alluded to Lira in 
 the most flattering terms. " To a keen subtle intellect (wrote the editor), quick per- 
 ception, and intuitive readiness to seize the salient points of a case, and indomitable 
 courage, he united principles of the highest professional and personal honour. 
 No one could know Mr. Holden without observing that, to his generous nature and 
 cultivated gentlemanly miad, the mere quibbles of the law were abhorrent, and we
 
 664 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 
 
 Page 305, line 5 of the foot note. For Lieut.-Gen. Thompson, read 
 Major-General. 
 
 „ 336. Wincolmlee. — 'The following supposed derivation of the 
 word Wincolmlee (taken by permission from Mr. John 
 Richardson's MSS. work on the streets of Hull, re- 
 ferred to at page 616) is preferable to that given by 
 Hadley. The land intervening between Sculcoates 
 and Hull was at one time much overflowed by the 
 water from the river, and was a low swampy district, 
 a marshy ground, or "holm." The village of Scul- 
 coates beyond it would be " the wyke ;" and " ley " 
 was the Saxon name for unploughed but enclosed 
 ground. Wine is probably a corruption of Wyke; 
 olm an abbreviation of the Saxon holm, land adjoin- 
 ing a brook or rivulet ; and these compounded with 
 ley give us the name. This derivation accurately 
 describes the appearance and situation of the ground 
 in former times. 
 
 „ 329. The house occupied by Dr. Mc. Millan has been sold, 
 and is about to be pulled down (See p. 478). 
 
 „ 336, line 20. Town Councillor Dibbs should be Town Coun- 
 cillor Dibb. 
 
 „ „ With regard to the proposed approach from Prospect- 
 street to the Railway Station and Paragon-street, by 
 extending Brook-street, the Town Clerk received a 
 provisional order from the Secretary of State, on the 
 21st of May, 1864, empowering the Local Board of 
 Health to carry out this improvement, and giving 
 the board compulsory powers over the purchase of 
 the necessary property. 
 
 „ 337, line 9. For the word has, read have. 
 
 „ 340. Messrs. Dixon and Sleight finding that they could not 
 proceed at the price contracted for, the drainage 
 works of the west district were stopped on the 1st of 
 
 have ourselves frequently bad occasion to notice that to the performances of the larger 
 duties of his profession he always brought an enlightened liberality of advocacy, for 
 which we looked in vain in the similar labours of most of his professional brethren. 1 '
 
 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. GG5 
 
 Pago February, 18G4; but the West District Drainage 
 
 Committee are making other arrangements for the 
 resumption of the works. 
 
 „ 356, line 19. For four, read three. 
 
 „ 371, line 6 of foot note. For Mr. John Cross, read Mr. John 
 Crosse. 
 
 „ 372. Holy Trinity Church. — In the centre of the floor of the 
 restored Chapel, a diamond-shaped brass tablet has 
 been inserted, the inscription on which sets forth 
 that in the vault beneath are interred the remains of 
 Elizabeth Broadley, who died in 1796, aged 58; 
 Charlotte Broadley, who died in 1807, aged 59 ; 
 Robert Carlile Broadley, of Ferriby, Esq., who died 
 in 1812, aged 74 ; the Rev. Thomas Broadley, M.A., 
 of Ferriby, who died in 1815, aged 37 ; and Henry 
 Broadley, of Welton, Esq., who died in 1851, aged 57. 
 
 „ 373. Messrs. Simpson and Malone are now engaged in res- 
 toring the interior of the choir, viz., removing the 
 many thick coats of paint from the columns, arches, 
 and walls of the clerestory, and repairing the damaged 
 portions. This restoration of the stone to its natural 
 colour shows to perfection the beautiful lightness of 
 the pillars and the extreme delicacy of the arch 
 mouldings; for the latter die upon the columns — 
 which are carried up above the capitals. This part 
 of the Church, for beauty, lightness, and the feature 
 just noticed respecting the mouldings of the arches, 
 is not excelled in any building in England. It is 
 but just to observe that the restoration of the choir 
 is being effected (independent of the Restoration 
 Committee) through the sole exertions of the Rev. 
 G. 0. Browne, and on his own responsibility. A 
 generous public, will, we trust, enable this good 
 clergyman, who is so zealous for the " beauty of 
 God's house," not only to carry out his present un- 
 dertaking, but to restore the whole of the noble choir 
 to its pristine beauty. 
 
 4 Q
 
 666 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 
 
 * 
 
 Page 376, line 10 from the bottom. For autipendiums, read ante- 
 pendiums. 
 
 „ 377, line 10 from the'bottom. For west end, read east end. 
 
 „ 379, line 9. The Kev. E. L. Penny has been succeeded by 
 the Rev. Joshua Waltham, B.A. Mr. Waltbam is 
 the author of " Sanctum Evangelium Matthsei Apos- 
 toli Syriacum, cum Lexico Sjriaco-Latino," published 
 in 1842 by J. W. Parker, London. 
 
 „ 382. Here we stated that Mr. J. Richardson possessed 
 a cop y of Dr. Chambers's Annals of Hull ; but Mr. 
 Richardson has since informed us that it is not a 
 copy but the original work. 
 St. Marys Church. In the last line of page 383, read 
 Market-gates for Marget-gates. In the 12th line of 
 page 386 read Mrs. T&yler, for Mrs. Taylor. Add 
 the following to this page : — In the chancel is an oak 
 chair, in the back of which is inserted a brass plate 
 thus inscribed — " This Chair was presented, to the 
 Church of St. Mary, in Hull, by Edwin Davis, Esquire, 
 Sheriff of the Borough of ' Kingston-iqwn-HuU, January 
 1, MDCCCLXIV." The chair, which is well carved, 
 was made at the establishment of Mr. J. T. Robin- 
 son. The velvet cover for the Communion table was 
 presented by several members of the congregation. 
 The tower of this Church being finished, the scaf- 
 folding was removed on the 1st of March, 1864. 
 
 „ 398. St. Johns Church. — The new chancel was consecrated 
 by his Grace the Archbishop of York, on Friday, 
 May 20th, 1864. The sermon at the morning ser- 
 vice was preached by the Lord Archbishop of York '. 
 and that in the evening by the Ven. Archdeacon 
 Long. The elegant pulpit and the beautiful sanc- 
 tuary chair of this Church were made by Messrs. 
 Richardson and Sons, Hull, and the pedestal of the 
 pulpit by Messrs. Simpson and Malone. 
 
 „ 409. St. Stephens Church. — C. Wilkinson, Esq., has given 
 a lectern to this Church, which is placed in front of
 
 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 007 
 
 Page the Communion rails. A brass plate inserted in it 
 
 is thus inscribed : — " To the Glory of God. Pre- 
 sented to St. Stephens Church, by Charles Wilkinson, 
 in commemoration of the Twentieth year of the pasto- 
 rate of the Rev. John Deck, M.A., and the opening of 
 the Church, in 1844. April 11th, 1804." The lec- 
 tern, which is of oak, and has perforated arches, tre- 
 foils, &c, was made at the establishment of Messrs. 
 Richardson and Sons, of Hull. 
 On the 1st of April, 1864, some workmen engaged in 
 repairing the drain in the middle of the street on the 
 north side of this Church, discovered several human 
 bones within a couple of feet of the surface. 
 „ 412. The Rev. R. K. Bailey took possession of the Par- 
 sonage of St. Paul's on the 1st of June (1864), when 
 the occasion was marked by the presentation to him 
 of a testimonial of the value of 120 guineas, con- 
 sisting of a beautiful work of art— a richly carved 
 dark oak sideboard with plate glass back ; and a 
 silver epergne with three branches, and three shields 
 on the base. Two of the latter bear this inscrip- 
 tion : — 
 
 " This piece of plate and a finely carved Side Board, of French Oak, 
 which was shewn in the Great Exhibition of 1862, were presented by 
 the Churchwardens, Parishioners, and other Friends, to the Bev. E. 
 K. Bailey, M.A., Incumbent of St. Paul's, Kingston-upon-Hull, to 
 mark their grateful recognition of the important services he has ren- 
 dered to themselves and to the Church during his residence in that 
 borough. These include — The formation of a new parish with an 
 endowment for the maintenance of the Incumbent in all future time ; 
 the building of the parish Church, the large Schools, and the Par- 
 sonage House. Henry Peck, Samuel Des Forges, Churchwardens." 
 The third shield contains the Bev. Mr. Bailey's crest and initials. 
 
 The sideboard was supplied by Messrs. Richardson and 
 Sons. The Parsonage was erected by Mr. B. Mus- 
 grave, of Hull, from a design of Mr. Ewen Christian, 
 architect, London. 
 414. The Hull Church Building Society is now virtually 
 merged in the York Diocesan Society. 
 
 ?»
 
 668 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 
 
 Page 416. On the 7th of April, 1864, a parish for ecclesiastical 
 purposes was assigned to St. Luke's Church, by her 
 Majesty the Queen in Council. 
 
 „ 416, line 25. For Rev. W. Hunt, read Rev. John William 
 Hunt. 
 
 „ 435. The Jubilee Chapel was opened on Friday afternoon, 
 29th of April, 1864, with a public prayer meeting; 
 and on the three following Sundays and on the Wed- 
 nesdays there were special sermons in connexion with 
 the opening. On Whit Monday, May 16th, the con- 
 gregation held a public tea meeting in a large mar- 
 quee erected at the rear of the Chapel. 
 
 „ 441. Jews' Synagogue. — The Rev. H. D. Marks has been 
 succeeded by the Rev. Elkan Epstein ; and the Pre- 
 sident, Mr. Simeon Mosely, by Mr. Joel Farbstein. 
 
 „ 450. The opening of the new schools at Drypool was inau- 
 gurated by a tea meeting, held in the boys' school, 
 on the 14th of April, 1864. 
 
 „ 466, line 22. For Rev. F. B. Craig, read Rev. 8. B. Craig. 
 
 „ 471. General Infirmary. — Christopher Sykes, Esq., of Sled- 
 mere, having given the sum of £100. towards the 
 expense of preparing an accident ward on the ground 
 floor, instead of up stairs as heretofore; that im- 
 portant alteration is being effected. 
 
 „ 473, last line. For £327. read £253. 
 
 „ 481, line 2. In March, 1864, Mr. John Symons succeeded 
 Mr. Bishop Barnby (deceased) in the office of Deputy- 
 Governor of the Poor. 
 
 „ 483, line 1. The Rev. R. K. Bailey having resigned the 
 Chaplaincy of the Sculcoates Union Workhouse, the 
 Rev. William Lloyd Hughes was unanimously elected 
 to the vacant office. 
 
 „ 485, 489, line 2. Mr. Addy, the contractor for the building 
 of the new Town Hall, is now dead, but the contract 
 is being carried out by his widow and executrix. 
 
 „ 492. Musical Societies. — In April, 1864, a new Harmonic 
 Society was formed in Hull, for the performance of
 
 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. COO 
 
 Tage vocal and instrumental music, sacred and choral. 
 
 President, Lord Londesborough ; Secretary, Mr. P. 
 H. Parker ; Conductor, Mr. Stephenson. 
 
 „ 500, line 5. Dr. Kelburne King has just been elected Pre- 
 sident of the Literary and Philosophical Society. 
 
 „ 507. In connexion with the opening of the new domicile for 
 the Young People's Christian and Literary Institute, 
 an Exhibition of works of art was held on the pre- 
 • mises, on the 20th, 21st, and 22nd of April (1864). 
 Mr. Yates, the Librarian, has been succeeded in 
 that office bv Mr. W. J. Brown. 
 
 „ 508. School of Art. — As a result of the recent examination 
 of the pupils by the Government Inspector, ten 
 medals and ten second grade prizes have been 
 awarded, with twelve honourable mentions. 
 
 „ 512. Hull Exchange Co. — This body has become one of the 
 Corporations of Hull, and have adopted for their 
 common seal, that of the " Merchant Adventurers," 
 with the introduction of the three crowns, the arms 
 of the borough. The new Exchange building is to 
 be erected from a design by Mr. William Botterill, 
 of Hull. 
 
 „ 513. Trade Guilds. — In the Hull Subscription Library is an 
 ancient vellum volume of the " Orders of the Bro- 
 therhood of Brecklaiers, Tylers, Wallers, Plaisterers, 
 and Pauers," which contains the signatures of the 
 Mayors of Hull, confirming the " orders " of this 
 trade guild, for each successive year from 1621 to 
 1743. This curious old book contains also a list of 
 the Mayors from 1598 to 1735. 
 
 „ 518, line 2. For Moxon's, read Moxons'. 
 
 „ 534, line 6 from the botttom. For by, read of. 
 
 „ 553. Waterworks. — At a meeting of the Town Council, May 
 5th, 1864, the completeness, elegance, and sound 
 workmanship of the Waterworks at Spring Head, re- 
 ceived warm commendations ; and on the proposition 
 of Mr. Alderman Bannister (seconded by Mr. Beeton)
 
 G70 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 
 
 Page it was resolved: — "That the best thanks of this 
 
 Council are due, and are hereby rendered to the 
 Waterworks Committee and to Mr. Thomas Dale, 
 the Resident Engineer of the Corporation's Water- 
 works, for their vigilant superintendence, and for his 
 earnest, able, and assiduous exertions in carrying out 
 and completing the works for procuring a supply of 
 water from Spring Head to this borough ; and this 
 Council doth express its opinion that the original and 
 additional cost of executing these works have, under 
 the circumstances of difficulty attending them, been 
 fully justified, and are satisfactory to the Council." 
 
 ,, 550, line 2 from the foot. For is, read was. 
 
 „ 565. Public Park. — A fine swan and a pair of beautiful 
 Spanish geese, presented by Mrs. Hildreth, have just 
 been placed on the small lake in the park. 
 
 „ 572. The South Blockhouse which, when page 272 of this 
 volume was being printed, was expected to be al- 
 lowed to remain, has since disappeared ; and with it 
 every trace of the old Citadel, save a morsel of ma- 
 sonry which has been incorporated with the buildings 
 of the adjoining ship-building establishment. 
 A fatal accident, connected with the removal of the last 
 remnant of the Citadel wall, occurred on the 14th 
 of April, 1864, close to the site of the just then de- 
 molished South Blockhouse. With the explosion of 
 the very last powder blast a piece of brickwork struck 
 on the head and killed on the spot, a labourer named 
 Enoch Stead, who was engaged on the works in con- 
 nexion with the construction of the South Bridge, 
 about sixty yards distant. 
 
 „ 573. Hull and Holderness Railway. — The Victoria Dock 
 Branch of the lines worked by the North Eastern 
 Railway Company has been made a double line, for 
 the purpose of running trains from the Paragon-street 
 Station to Withernsea and Hornsea ; and on the 1st
 
 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 671 
 
 Page of June (1864) it was opened to the public for trains 
 
 from Hull to Withernsea. 
 
 „ 574. Hull and Hornsea Railway. — This line was opened 
 from the Wilmington Station to Hornsea, on Easter 
 Monday (March 28th), 1804 — the arrangements to 
 run from the Paragon Station being not yet com- 
 pleted. The departure of the first train was wit- 
 nessed by a large crowd of persons, who cheered 
 lustily, and the train was received, on its arrival at 
 Hornsea, with joyous demonstrations. Mr. J. A. 
 Wade then declared the railway to be open, and ex- 
 pressed a hope, which appears certain of realisation, 
 that it might afford to hundreds of thousands of 
 people, that recreation and enjoyment which it placed 
 within their reach. 
 
 „ 583-84. Ships of War. — In the fine collection of antique plate 
 in the possession of the authorities of the Hull Tri- 
 nity House, is a silver tankard, which was presented 
 by the Admiralty, in the reign of William and Mary, 
 to commemorate the launching of their Majesties' 
 80 gun ship, " Humber," March 30th, 1693, built 
 at " Hasel Clifts," by Mr. John Frame. The date 
 of this ship is earlier than any of those mentioned 
 in the pages indicated. 
 
 „ 586 Messrs. M. Samuelson and Co.'s Iron Ship-Building 
 business has just been sold to the Humber Iron- 
 Works and Ship-Building Company, Limited, which 
 was formed for purchasing and extending this estab- 
 lishment. The Chairman of the Directors is E. W. 
 Watkin, Esq. (Director of the Great Western Kail- 
 way Co.), and amongst the Directors are the present 
 Mayor of Hull (J. Lumsden, Esq.), W. H. Moss, and 
 Christopher Simpson, Esqrs., of Hull. Martin Sam- 
 uelson, Esq., M.I.C.E., is the Managing Director. 
 
 „ 607. Minerva Lodge. — It may be interesting to add that 
 the meetings of the ancient York Conclave of Re- 
 demption of Knights Templars are held in the Mi-
 
 672 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 
 
 Page nerva Lodge at Hull, having been removed hither 
 
 from York about fifty years ago. The members of 
 that conclave, who claim descent from the Knights 
 Templars of olden times, are commanded by Mr. 
 Walter Keynolds 18°. The Provincial Grand Com- 
 mander is the Plight Hon. Lord Loudesborough. 
 The conclave are in possession of many curious old 
 documents relative to their order. 
 
 „ 607, last line of the text. For Messrs., read Mr. 
 
 „ 608, line 5 from the foot. For Mr. C. A. Ayre read Mr. C. 
 A. Eyre. 
 
 „ 612. Bowing Clubs. — Besides those already mentioned, a 
 Rowing Club was last year formed at Stoneferry ; 
 and a body of youths, called the Victoria Club, was 
 established in the same year. The Alexandra Row- 
 ing Club has just been founded; and the Phcenix 
 Rowing Club is in course of formation. 
 
 „ 628, line 2. For 145, read 445. 
 
 „ 639, line 15 from the foot. For Thomas Walton, read Ed- 
 ward Nicholas Walton. 
 
 „ 642. Alderman Thompson. — About fifteen years ago, this gen- 
 tleman, on the recommendation of Baron L. N. Roths- 
 child, was appointed Austrian Vice-Consul for this 
 port; which office he continues to hold. 
 
 Rateable Value. — In 1863 the rateable value of property in the 
 borough of Kingston-upon-Hull was .£277,186. ; of which the value 
 of £169,700. belonged to the parishes of Holy Trinity and St. 
 Mary; £71,442. to Sculcoates parish; and £36,044. to the East 
 District, or east side of the river Hull. 
 
 In 1836 the rateable value of the town was £176,559. In 1861 
 it had increased to £238,504. 
 
 The Population of the borough now (1864) numbers about 110,000.
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 
 
 OF REMARKABLE EVENTS. 
 
 A.Li. PAGE. 
 
 1013 A Danish fleet sailed up the Humher, destroying the country on 
 
 both sides of the river 16 
 
 1069 The banks of the Humber again devastated by the Danes 16 
 
 1086 The Domesday Survey completed. The site of Hull then a 
 
 parcel of My ton Manor 15 
 
 1 1 50 Meaux Abbey founded by William, Earl of Albemarle 16 
 
 1154 The Town distinguished by the name of Hull 23 
 
 1160 Maud de Camin sold a portion of the site of Hull to the Monks 
 
 of Meaux 17 
 
 1174 Other lands in Wyke and its neighbourhood conveyed to the 
 
 Abbey of Meaux 18 
 
 1200 King John and his train passed through Hull to Cottingham . . 25 
 1204 The Monks of Meaux made atonement for having destroyed the 
 
 Ancient Chapel of this place 18 
 
 1256 The sea overflowed the east coast of England 11 
 
 „ The river Hull supposed to have changed its course 13 
 
 1269 An iron chain across the river Hull mentioned as having been 
 
 used to protect the harbour. . „ 14 
 
 1278 Grant of a Market and Fair here to the Abbot of Meaux 25 
 
 1285 The building of Holy Trinity Church commenced 358 
 
 1289 White or Carmelite Friary founded 253 
 
 1299 First Charter granted to Hull, by which the Town became a Free 
 
 Borough 27, 219 
 
 „ Ravenser obtained a Charter of Free Burgage 7, 28 
 
 1300 King Edward I. visited Hull 29 
 
 1303 High roads made to the neighbouring towns 32 
 
 1305 Burgesses first returned to Parliament for Hull 32, 244 
 
 1306 Elizabeth de Burgh, the wife of Robert Bruce, a prisoner at the 
 
 Royal Manor of Burstwick 32 
 
 1316 Ferry to Barton established 33 
 
 1318 Tolls levied on Marketable Articles, for the purpose of paving the 
 
 streets - 33 
 
 1320 Church yard of Holy Trinity enlarged 259 
 
 4 R
 
 674 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1322 
 
 1327 
 1328 
 1331 
 
 1332 
 1339 
 1345 
 1350 
 1356 
 
 1359 
 » 
 
 1361 
 
 1366 
 
 1369 
 1376 
 
 1378 
 
 1382 
 
 1384 
 
 1385 
 
 1399 
 1402 
 1414 
 
 1416 
 1440 
 
 1441 
 1443 
 
 1447 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 53 
 
 17 
 
 The King's licence granted to fortify the Town 34, 26] 
 
 St. Mary's Church built, or considerably enlarged 381 
 
 John Eotenherying founded a Chantry here 36 
 
 A Mayor and four Bailiffs substituted for the former office of 
 
 Bailiff 34 
 
 King Edward III. visited Hull 37 
 
 William de la Pole lent large sums of money to the King 39 
 
 Richard de la Pole buried in Holy Trinity Church 37 
 
 Priory of St. Michael founded by Sir William de la Pole 355 
 
 The road to Anlaby raised in consequence of inundations 12, 53 
 
 Power granted to Sir Michael de la Pole to hold a Court of gaol 
 
 delivery here 53 
 
 Hull supplied the King with 16 ships and 466 seamen 53 
 
 The Authorities of Hull and Scarborough agreed that the Bur- 
 gesses of each place should be exempt from tolls, &c 
 
 Continued inundations caused the people of Ravenser to remove 
 
 to Hull and other places 4 
 
 Sir William de la Pole, founder of St. Michael's Priory, buried 
 
 in Holy Trinity Church 40 
 
 The river Hull overflowed and did much mischief 13 
 
 Guild of the Holy Trinity founded 457 
 
 Steps taken to supply the town with fresh water 54, 539 
 
 Serious riots between the partisans of the Mayor of Hull and 
 
 the Archbishop of York 278 
 
 King Pdchard II. revised the Charters and enlarged the privi- 
 leges of the town 54 
 
 A Castle built here during the reign of Richard II 54 
 
 Sir Michael de la Pole founded an Hospital, and began to erect 
 
 a Palace here 41 ( 50 
 
 Sir Michael de la Pole created Earl of Suffolk 41 
 
 King Richard II. granted a common seal to the Town 55 
 
 Bolingbroke refused admittance into Hull 55 
 
 Julian Dyke cut from Derringham Springs to Hull 540 
 
 The Town supplied Henry V. with ships and soldiers 55 
 
 Order issued against holding Markets on Sundays 55 
 
 Gregg's Hospital founded 466 
 
 King Henry VI. erected the town and some of the adjacent 
 
 places into a County, and constituted Hull a Corporate Town 56, 219 
 
 The King solicited a loan from the Corporation 56 
 
 The Town divided into six Wards, and the privileges of the 
 
 Borough enlarged 57, 219 
 
 The King empowered the Magistrates to choose two Coroners 
 
 and an Admiral 58
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 
 
 675 
 
 A.D. PAGE. 
 
 1448 King Henry VI. visited Hull 58 
 
 „ A Law-suit commenced between Hull and Beverley 58 
 
 1452 The M.P.'s for Hull paid for their services 59 
 
 1456 First Chapel of Trinity House erected 463 
 
 1460 Kichard Hanson, Mayor of Hull, killed at the Battle of Wakefield 59 
 
 1457 Trinity House first built 461 
 
 1462 The stately Market Cross taken down and sold to liquidate the 
 
 Town's debts incurred in the war : the Corporation ordered 
 certain monies to be applied annually for religious services for 
 
 the repose of the soul of its founder, a former Mayor 59 
 
 1463 King Edward IV., his brothers, and many of the nobility passed 
 
 through Hull 60 
 
 1471 Edward IV. and his army landed at Ravenspurne 60 
 
 1472 Hull visited by the Plague 60 
 
 1476 The Plague made its second appearance here 60 
 
 1478 The Plague here for the third time, when it raged with increased 
 
 fury 60 
 
 1486 Grammar School founded by Bishop Alcock 445 
 
 1508 The possessions of the De la Pole's confiscated 50 
 
 1512 The Lord High Admiral of England anchored his fleet here 61 
 
 1514 King Henry VIII. granted the Manor of Hull, Myton, &c, to 
 
 Sir William Sydney, Knt 61 
 
 1515 Battle between the Sheriff of Hull and the Prior of Haltemprice 61 
 „ Dispute between the Mayor of Hull and the Prior of the Charter 
 
 House adjusted 62 
 
 1517 Fish Shambles built, and an Hospital founded by the Bev. J. 
 
 Eiplingham 62 
 
 1518 West end of St. Mary's Church fell 381,382 
 
 „ King Henry VIII. received a loan from the Town 62 
 
 1522 Holy Trinity Church put under an Interdict 359 
 
 1524 A Company of Merchants incorporated 63 
 
 1527 The overflow of the tides occasioned much damage 63 
 
 1534 Hull became the See of a Bishop 63 
 
 „ Dispute between Hull and Beverley settled 64 
 
 „ The Vicar of North Cave did public penance here 64 
 
 1536 The Religious Houses of the Town suppressed 65 
 
 „ Hull surprised and taken by the insurgents in the " Pilgrimage 
 
 of Grace" 65 
 
 1537 The Town attacked and besieged by insurgents; and afterwards 
 
 taken by stratagem, and held for a month 72, 73 
 
 „ The Corporation resolved to sell their plate lest King Henry 
 
 VIII. might seize it 74
 
 676 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 
 
 A.D. PAGE. 
 
 1541 King Henry VIII., his Queen, &c, visited Hull ; the King voted 
 at the election of the Mayor, presented a Sword of State, 
 and ordered a Castle, two Blockhouses, and a Bridge to be 
 built 75, 265, 567 
 
 1545 Hull erected into a Boyal Manor for the King's life. The Guilds, 
 
 Chantries, &c, suppressed 77 
 
 1549 Sheriffs fined for not giving elegant entertainments 221 
 
 1550 Harrison's Hospital founded 468 
 
 „ The Sweating Sickness committed great ravages bere 79 
 
 1551 King Edward VI. granted the Manor of Hull and the patronage 
 
 of the Charter House to the Corporation; and also appointed 
 them Keepers and Governors of the Castle, &c 79 
 
 1553 A long pending suit respecting tolls, settled between the inhab- 
 itants of Hull and Beverley 79 
 
 „ The Cloth Hall let to the Mayor 80 
 
 „ The Charter House Hospital restored 455 
 
 1559 Mr. Gregory, for refusing the office of Sheriff, fined £100., 
 
 disfranchised, and turned out of the Town 80 
 
 1561 The keys of all the staiths ordered to be brought to the Mayor 
 
 nightly 80 
 
 1564 Alderman Sir William Knowles, Knt., presented a gold chain 
 
 to be worn by the Mayor of the Borough 219 
 
 1569 Lord Begent Morton, Lord Hunsdon, and other noblemen 
 
 visited Hull 80 
 
 „ Insurgents failed in their design to surprise Hull 81 
 
 1571 A very destructive tide in the river Humber 82 
 
 1574 The Archbishop of York sanctioned the punishment of persons 
 
 charged with sins of impunity 82 
 
 „ The Churchwardens and Sidesmen directed to visit ale-houses, 
 &c, and report the names of those who absented themselves 
 from Divine worship 82 
 
 1575 East window of Holy Trinity Church destroyed 374 
 
 1576 The Plague again at Hull, when Blackfriar-gate was walled up 83 
 „ The Queen's proclamation against extravagance in ladies' dress 
 
 read in the Churches — Ladies forbidden to wear velvet 83 
 
 1577 Long standing contests respecting trade and commerce, between 
 
 York and Hull, amicably terminated 83 
 
 „ Hull fitted out two large vessels to protect the merchant ships 
 
 against piracy « 83 
 
 „ Six pirates hung in chains in various parts of the adjacent coast 84 
 
 „ Strangers prohibited to buy or sell except at Markets and Fairs 84 
 
 „ Company of Merchants incorporated 85 
 
 „ The Muscovite Ambassador (Osep Napea) arrived here 85
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 677 
 
 A.D. PAUK. 
 
 1577 The Magistrates presented a butt of sack to the Archbishop of 
 
 York 85 
 
 1582 The Archbishop granted a Commission for the suppression of 
 
 gross immoralities 85 
 
 1583 Grammar School rebuilt by William Gee 446 
 
 „ Three persons executed here; and an old woman imprisoned for 
 
 a year and pilloried on three market days, for witchcraft .... 86 
 
 „ The office of High Steward first mentioned by the historians . . 86 
 
 1586 Captain Luke Fox born here 628 
 
 1588 Eight hundred persons associated themselves to support Queen 
 
 Elizabeth : Her Majesty borrowed £600 86 
 
 1592 A large strange fish stranded near Drypool 87 
 
 1596 Hull, assisted by other towns, fitted out a ship of war to resist 
 
 the Spaniards 87 
 
 1598 Earliest notice of Theatres in Hull 523 
 
 „ The Alderwomen's precedency in Church dispute settled 361 
 
 1600 Gee's Hospital founded 468 
 
 1601 Lord President Burleigh /visited Hull 87 
 
 1602 Shock of an earthquake felt 87 
 
 1603 The Plague at Hull for the fifth time 88 
 
 1611 King James I. sold a Charter to the Corporation 220 
 
 1613 The "Bonny Boat" brought from Greenland and deposited in 
 
 the Trinity House 462 
 
 1 616 First Waterworks finished : worked by horses till 1773 543 
 
 1619 Building of the Exchange and Custom House commenced .... 511 
 
 1621 Andrew Marvel born 629 
 
 1622 Copper tokens coined : Ordered that candles be hung out in the 
 
 streets at night 88 
 
 „ Taylor, the " water poet," visited Hull 88 
 
 1625 Ferres' Hospital founded 459 
 
 1626 Commissioners attended at the Town Hall to receive loans for 
 
 King Charles 1 91 
 
 „ Hull contributed three ships towards a fleet raised by the Go- 
 vernment 91 
 
 1627 Hull contributed soldiers, powder, match, lead, &c, towards the 
 
 expected war 92 
 
 1629 The Corporation made presents to the Lord President of fhe 
 
 North and the Archbishop of York 94 
 
 1630 Assizes held here : a man sentenced to death 94 
 
 1631 An Alderman fined for inhospitality : an order made that Alder. 
 
 men should provide feasts 95 
 
 1633 The Mayor, Kecorder, &c, of Hull, waited upon King Charles I. 
 
 at Yerk 95
 
 678 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 
 
 A.D. PAGE. 
 
 1634 Alderman Crowle and his wife presented plate and books to Holy 
 
 Trinity Church 360 
 
 1635 The people of Hull paid the Ship Money tax very reluctantly 96 
 „ The Plague again appeared here, and continued during three 
 
 years : the sick allowed to eat flesh meat in Lent 96 
 
 1639 The King's Manor Hall (Suffolk Palace) converted into a 
 
 Magazine 52, 98 
 
 „ Law suit between the Corporation and the inhabitants respecting 
 
 an assessment for the repairs of the Fortifications 98 
 
 „ Charles I. received at Hull with much ceremony 99 
 
 „ Sir Thomas Glenham appointed Governor by the King 103 
 
 1641 Sir John Hotham appointed Governor by the Parliament 104 
 
 1642 Lister's Hospital founded 467 
 
 „ King Charles sent the Earl of Newcastle to secure Hull 104 
 
 „ The King refused admittance into Hull by Sir John Hotham, 
 
 the Governor 107 
 
 „ The Duke of York (afterwards King James II.) and his nephew 
 
 at Hull 108 
 
 „ Two ships of war ordered to Hull by the Parliament 109 
 
 „ An engagement in the Humber opposite Paull 127 
 
 „ The ship " Providence " arrived in Keyingham Creek with arms 
 
 and ammunition , 114 
 
 „ The country around Hull inundated 115 
 
 „ Forts erected at Paull and Hessle Cliff 116 
 
 First Siege of Hull 118 
 
 1643 Captain Hotham arrested by Cromwell 122 
 
 „ Sir John Hotham and his son committed to the Tower; the 
 
 Castle, &c, of Hull, taken by stratagem 122 
 
 „ Second Siege of Hull 124 
 
 Colonel (Oliver) Cromwell at Hull 125 
 
 „ The Earl of Kingston shot crossing the Humber 125 
 
 „ First Presbyterian Congregation formed here 436 
 
 1644 Sir John and Captain Hotham tried by Court Martial 123 
 
 „ The Parliament refused to repay the inhabitants the exorbitant 
 
 sums which had been extracted from them 127 
 
 1645 Sir John Hotham and his son executed 123 
 
 „ Books of Common Prayer publicly burnt by the Parliamentarians 128 
 
 „ Sir Thomas Fairfax appointed Governor 128 
 
 1646 A portion of the Walls of the Town fell .130 
 
 1647 The Merchants combined to defend each other from Pirates 130 
 
 1649 Charles I. beheaded : his death-warrant signed by an Alderman 
 
 ofHull 130
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 079 
 
 A.D. PAGE. 
 1049 The King's fee-farm rents in Hull sold by order of the Common- 
 wealth 131 
 
 1654 The harbour protected by an iron chain 131 
 
 1655 The Merchants petitioned Parliament to be relieved from taxes 
 
 which they were unable to pay — but in vain 132 
 
 1657 The Corporation prayed Cromwell to allow them to lay a tax 
 upon cloth and lead to support the forsaken wives and children 
 
 of soldiers 132 
 
 1660 King Charles II. proclaimed amidst unheard of rejoicings 133 
 
 „ The Arms of the Commonwealth and effigies of Cromwell, &c, 
 
 hung and burnt in the Market-place 134 
 
 „ The Corporation presented a dutiful address to the King 134 
 
 „ The Corporation presented the fee-farm rents of the Town to the 
 
 King 135 
 
 1661 Charles II. confirmed the old Charters and added many new 
 
 privileges 135, 220 
 
 „ Holy Trinity Chapel became a Parish Church 362 
 
 „ Bay, the Naturalist, visited Hull 135 
 
 1663 The Mayor's salary increased to £50 221 
 
 1604 A number of fanatics planned the surprise of Hull and several 
 
 other towns 136 
 
 1065 The Plague in Hull for the sixth time 136 
 
 1660 The Duke of York, &c, entertained by Colonel Gilby and the 
 
 Mayor 137 
 
 1668 Crowle's Hospital founded 467 
 
 1673 Commissioners ordered certain fish-garths in the Humber to be 
 
 removed 138 
 
 1675 Copper tokens issued by Hull tradesmen 138 
 
 1677 Fines agreed upon for persons refusing to serve the offices of 
 
 Mayor, Aldermen, &c 222 
 
 1079 Dagger-lane Chapel commenced 436 
 
 1081 The Citadel works commenced 206 
 
 1682 The Dissenting Chapels ordered to be suppressed 139 
 
 „ The Earl of Plymouth, High Steward and Governor, entered the 
 
 Town in great state 139 
 
 1683 Judges Jefferies and Hollo way came here to induce the Corpo- 
 
 ration to surrender their Charters to King Charles II 139 
 
 „ Ellis's Hospital founded 468 
 
 1685 King James II. proclaimed here 140 
 
 1686 The Sheriff refused to attend Judge Allybone at the Catholic 
 
 Chapel, beyond the door 140 
 
 1688 James II., to punish the Town, quartered 12,000 soldiers on it. . 141 
 
 „ The King interfered with the election of the Mayor 141
 
 680 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 
 
 A.D. PAGE. 
 
 1688 The Governor of Hull and the Catholic adherents of King James 
 
 seized by the Protestant officers 142 
 
 1689 Members elected for the " Convention Parliament " 142 
 
 1690 Bishop Watson's Hospital founded 463 
 
 1€91 A man executed at Hull 143 
 
 1698 First Act of Parliament obtained for erecting Workhouses, &c. . 479 
 
 1703 John Ellerker, a Catholic, summoned to produce his son, who it 
 
 was suspected had been sent to a " popish school " abroad. . . . 143 
 
 1714 Rejoicings in honour of the Coronation of Geo. 1 143 
 
 1715 Great lire in High-street 143 
 
 „ Streets paved with a ridge in the middle instead of a gutter. . . . 143 
 
 1725 Mason, the Poet, born here 631 
 
 1727 Peal of bells hung in St. Mary's Church tower 387 
 
 1728 A man condemned at the Assizes escaped 143 
 
 1731 Town's Husband ordered to provide a Ducking School 144 
 
 „ A man executed for murdering his wife 144 
 
 „ A Whale taken in the Humber 144 
 
 1 734 Statue of William III. erected in the Market-place 533 
 
 1737 The Mayor exercised his jurisdiction as Admiral of the Humber 219 
 
 1738 Commodore Thompson born here 634 
 
 1739 A midwife died who had attended an extraordinary number of 
 
 births 144 
 
 1743 The residence of Henry Maister, Esq., burnt 144 
 
 1745 The Fortifications made perfect, and several Volunteer Com- 
 
 panies formed to defend the Town against the Pretender .... 145 
 
 1746 A hurricane, some fiery meteors, and a slight shock of earthquake 145 
 1753 Trinity House rebuilt 461 
 
 „ Cogan's Charity School founded 447 
 
 1757 First Baptist Chapel built in Hull 417 
 
 1759 Wilberforce born in High-street 532 
 
 1760 Sculcoates Church rebuilt 392 
 
 1761 Court of Requests established 145 
 
 1762 The Market House taken down, and the Market-place enlarged 145 
 1766 Mr. (afterwards Sir Samuel) Standidge revived the whale fishing 
 
 trade 281 , 636 
 
 1770 Myton Carr enclosed 146 
 
 „ First Theatre Royal erected 523 
 
 1771 First Methodist Chapel built 424 
 
 „ Alderman Wilberforce resigned his gown 146 
 
 1773 Hull Dock Company formed 288 
 
 1774 B. Thompson, translator of " The Stranger," born here 634 
 
 1775 Hull Subscription Library founded 496 
 
 „ First stone of the first Dock laid by the Mayor 288
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 681 
 
 A.D. PAGE. 
 
 J778 The first Dock opened 289 
 
 ,, Last public execution at Hull 140, 330 
 
 1780 William Wilberforce elected M.P. for Hull 140 
 
 „ Catholic Chapel wrecked by rioters 440, 442 
 
 1782 Volunteer Companies raised to defend the town and neigh- 
 
 bourhood i 140 
 
 „ General Infirmary founded 4G8 
 
 „ Sir E. Pearson, B.N., and Captain Piercy, B.N., made Burgesses 
 
 for defending the Baltic fleet against Paul Jones ]40 
 
 „ Fish-street Chapel erected 420 
 
 1783 Act obtained for building a New Gaol, &c 380 
 
 1 785 The present North Bridge constructed 508 
 
 1 780 George-street Chapel built 424 
 
 1787 "Hull Packet" newspaper founded 534 
 
 1788 Celebration of the Eevolution Jubilee 140 
 
 1789 Eejoicings for the restoration to health of King George III 140 
 
 1791 St. John's Church consecrated 390 
 
 1794 Assizes held here for the last time 147 
 
 „ Hull obliged to procure 731 men for the naval service: a grand 
 
 procession paraded the town " beating up for volunteers ". . . . 147 
 
 „ Press-gang Eiots — attacks on the " Sarah and Elizabeth " and 
 
 the " Blenheim " 147 
 
 „ " Hull Advertiser " newspaper founded 535 
 
 „ Prince William entertained by the Mayor ] 52 
 
 1790 Parliament-street formed 152 
 
 „ Hull Eaces — a jockey killed 153 
 
 „ Hull and the East Eiding called upon to find men for the navy, 
 
 &c 153 
 
 „ George-street Chapel erected 418 
 
 „ First steam-boat constructed in England, built in Wincolmlee. . 584 
 
 1797 Hope-street Chapel commenced 420 
 
 1798 The sum of £12,000. collected — and an armed association formed 
 
 for the protection of the town 153 
 
 1799 Subscription raised for the poor, and the families of sailors 153 
 
 1799 Bethel Chapel erected 431 
 
 1 800 Eodney Masonic Lodge opened 603 
 
 1802 North Blockhouse demolished 272, 382 
 
 „ Minerva Masonic Lodge opened 607 
 
 „ Lying-in Charity established 474 
 
 1803 A three days storm 154 
 
 1800 A man sold his wife in the Market-place 154 
 
 Old Town Hall demolished 483 
 
 1807 Lyceum Library founded 505 
 
 4 S
 
 682 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 
 
 A.D. PAGE. 
 
 1800 Celebration of the Gen eralJubilee of George III 154 
 
 „ Humber Dock opened 290 
 
 ,, Building of the Humber Masonic Lodge 607 
 
 1810 Myton Improvement Act obtained 154 
 
 1811 Female Penitentiary established 472 
 
 1812 Botanic Gardens opened 554 
 
 181 3 Bejoicings after the Battle of Leipsic 155 
 
 1 814 Lunatic Asylum established 472 
 
 „ Hull and Sculcoates Dispensary founded 471 
 
 „ Peace Bejoicings 156 
 
 „ Lockpit of the first Dock rebuilt 289 
 
 3815 Large sums collected for prisoners of war, &c 156 
 
 „ First steam-boat on the Humber — the Caledonia 285 
 
 „ Waltham -street Chapel opened 425 
 
 1816 Swinging signs ordered to be placed flat against the houses 156 
 
 „ Nearly £5,000. collected for the poor 157 
 
 1817 Mr. H. Blundell's brush, &c, manufactory burnt 157 
 
 •1819 First steamers went seawards from Hull 286 
 
 „ Divine Service first held at the Pottery 403 
 
 „ West-street Chapel built 431 
 
 1821 Bejoicings on the Coronation of George IV 157 
 
 „ Foundation Stone of Christ Church laid 400 
 
 „ Port of Hull Society founded 474 
 
 v 1822 Drypool Church rebuilt 390 
 
 „ Literary and Philosophic Society founded 497 
 
 1823 A shark taken in the river 157 
 
 „ Dissenting Chapel in Osborne-street built 435 
 
 1824 Balloon Ascents — Sadler and Brown 157 
 
 1825 Mechanics' Institute founded 500 
 
 1826 Jews' Synagogue erected 440 
 
 „ Tabernacle, Sykes-street, erected 436 
 
 1827 Public ceremonial on the death of the Duke of York 158 
 
 „ Some foundations of the town's wall laid bare 274 
 
 „ Nile-street Chapel built 439 
 
 1828 Mariners' Church first opened 406 
 
 „ Foundation stone of the Catholic Church, Jarratt-street, laid . . 442 
 
 1829 Junction (now Prince's) Dock opened 290 
 
 „ Foundation stone of St. James's Church laid 404 
 
 „ A large Warehouse in High-street fell. — Walker-street, Porter- 
 street, &c, formed , . 158 
 
 „ First Begatta on the Humber 611 
 
 1830 King William IV. proclaimed 158 
 
 , , Public Booms erected 490
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. G83 
 
 A.D. PAGE. 
 
 1830 Ship "Grantham "engulphed in the "Pudding Pic Sand" 158 
 
 „ Six Hull ships lost at the whale fishery 159 
 
 „ Bones of the White Friars removed to the vaults of the Catholic 
 
 Church 354 
 
 „ Witham Chapel erected 433 
 
 1831 James Acland commenced his turbulent proceedings at Hull . . 159 
 „ Great fires at Messrs. Gleadow's warehouse, South-end, and at 
 
 the Gas Works 161 
 
 1832 The Cholera visted Hull 162 
 
 „ Salem Chapel erected 422 
 
 1833 St. John's Church, Newland, consecrated 416 
 
 „ Sir John Ross arrived, and was publicly entertained here. . 163, 282 
 
 „ Ease end of Holy Trinity Church restoi'ed 366 
 
 1834 Piece of plate presented to Captain Humphreys 163 
 
 „ Silver cup presented to Mr. William Woolley 164 
 
 „ Great steam boiler explosion 164 
 
 „ First stone of the Wilberforce Column laid 531 
 
 1835 Large fish, 50 tons weight, captured at Spurn 165 
 
 „ Testimonial presented to Matthew Davenport Hill, Esq 251 
 
 „ Temperance Society established , 519 
 
 „ Stone coffin dug up in Holy Trinity Church 376 
 
 1836 Daniel O'Connell made a public entry into Hull, and was enter- 
 
 tained at a public banquet 165 
 
 1837 Victoria Festival — Victoria Rooms opened 167,5.20 
 
 „ The wine, plate, &e„ of the Corporation sold by auction, and the 
 
 Corporate regalia locked up 223 
 
 „ The advowson of the Vicarage of Hull sold 362 
 
 „ The Gainsborough steam boat, " The Union," blown up at South- 
 end 168 
 
 „ Queen Victoria proclaimed 168 
 
 ,, Chamber of Commerce and Shipping established 513 
 
 „ " Forfarshire " steamer lost — nine persons saved by Grace Dar- 
 ling and her father 169 
 
 1838 Coronation (of Queen Victoria) rejoicings 168 
 
 „ " Eastern Counties Herald " newspaper established 537 
 
 1839 Foundation stone laid of the present Chapel of Trinity House. . 462 
 
 ,, Terrific storm all over the kingdom 169 
 
 „ Grand Bazaar for the extension of the Infirmary 169 
 
 1840 Marriage of Queen Victoria, nuptial festivities 170 
 
 „ The Mayor (William Lowther, Esq.) Knighted 170 
 
 ,, South-street Chapel built 418 
 
 „ Frightful accident on the old Dock bridge 170 
 
 „ Hull and Selby Railway opened ► . * 572
 
 684 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 
 A.D. PAGE. 
 
 1 841 Severe frost and snow at the beginning of the year : subscriptions 
 
 for the poor 171 
 
 ,, Annual Show on Dock Green of the Yorkshire Agricultural 
 
 Society . . .' , . 171 
 
 „ Most remarkable fall of rain 171 
 
 „ EejoiciDgs on the occasion of the birth of the Prince of Wales. . 171 
 
 „ Building of St. Mark's Church commenced 412 
 
 „ Foundation stone of Albion Chapel laid 423 
 
 „ Kingston Chapel opened 420 
 
 1842 Foundation stone of St. Stephen's Church laid 407 
 
 „ Great Thornton-street ( Wesleyan) Chapel opened 207 
 
 „ Money subscribed for the Citizens of Hamburg 172 
 
 „ Troops and Ammunition sent from Hull to Leeds 172 
 
 „ Bethesda Chapel built 422 
 
 1843 The Hull and Leith Steamer, " Pegasus," wrecked on the Fern 
 
 Islands 172 
 
 „ Public Dinner and testimonial of esteem to William Hutt, Esq. . 252 
 
 „ South-end Graving Dock made 273 
 
 1844 Great Anti-corn law meeting here 173 
 
 „ Hull and Hamburg steamer, " Manchester," lost 173 
 
 „ Messrs. Hassell and Co. 's warehouse destroyed by fire 173 
 
 „ Buildings of Stoneferry Waterworks commenced 546 
 
 „ St. Paul's Parish formed 409 
 
 „ St. Mark's Parish formed 412 
 
 „ Sculcoates Union Workhouse erected 482 
 
 ,, Baker-street Chapel built 419 
 
 1845 Public breakfast and presentation of plate to Dr. James Alderson 174 
 
 ,, Hull Church Institute founded 505 
 
 „ Pedestrian feat by the " Flying Stag " 173 
 
 1846 Foundation stone of St. Paul's Church laid 410 
 
 „ Free-trade Demonstration 174 
 
 „ Royal Queen's Theatre opened 525 
 
 ,, Piailway to Bridlington opened : Meeting of the Corporations of 
 
 York and Hull 174, 572 
 
 „ Interior of the nave of Holy Trinity Church restored 362 
 
 „ Church-street Chapel erected 431 
 
 1847 Kingston College built 464 
 
 „ General Cemetery opened 557 
 
 „ Victoria (Corporation) Pier erected 296 
 
 „ Public banquet to celebrate the return of James Clay, Esq 251 
 
 „ North Eastern Railway Station built 572 
 
 1848 Dreadful boat accident — 14 persons drowned 175 
 
 „ Citadel ceased to be used for military purposes 268
 
 CIIKONOLOGICAL TABLE. 085 
 
 A.n. 
 
 TAGE. 
 
 3849 Railway from New Holland to Louth opened 573 
 
 „ Fires on the premises of Messrs. Blundell and Co., and at the 
 
 Glass Works 176 
 
 „ Stepney Cbapel opened 431 
 
 ,, Great Thornton-street (Primitive Methodist) Chapel erected 432 
 
 „ The Cholera fatal to upwards of 2,000 persons ]76 
 
 „ Ragged and Industrial Schools opened 475 
 
 1850 Victoria Dock opened 292 
 
 1851 Grand Soiree of the Hull and East Riding Parliamentary and 
 
 Financial Reform Association 292 
 
 „ Royal Station Hotel opened 572 
 
 „ Public Baths and Washhouses opened 529 
 
 „ Foundation stone of Clowes' Chapel laid 432 
 
 „ Violent storms of thunder and rain 177 
 
 „ Corporation Regalia again brought into use 224 
 
 „ The return of James Clay, Esq., and Lord Goderich celebrated by 
 a grand banquet : testimonials presented to them a few months 
 
 later 25G 
 
 1852 The barque " Aurora," of Hull, lost 179 
 
 „ "VVesleyan School converted into a Friends' Meeting House .... 437 
 „ Great Fires on the premises of Messrs. Hare and Co., South 
 
 Church side, and Mr. H. Glen, Mason-street 179 
 
 „ " Hull News " newspaper established 537 
 
 „ Hull Workhouse (Anlaby-road) opened 479 
 
 1853 Building of the Royal Institution commenced 492 
 
 „ Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 498 
 
 ,, Bribery Commission enquiry, lasting 57 days 253 
 
 „ Queen Victoria en suite visited Hull, made a progress through 
 
 the Town and Docks, and Knighted the Mayor 180 
 
 1854 Kingston-upon-Hull Improvement Act obtained 227 
 
 „ Conference of the British Association for the Promotion of Tem- 
 perance 519 
 
 „ Fire at Messrs. Samuelson and Co.'s iron foundry 192 
 
 1855 Hull and Holderness Railway opened 573 
 
 „ Foundation stone laid of the Corn Exchange 510 
 
 „ Public meeting to found a Reformatory School 192 
 
 „ Fires on the premises of Mr. Good and Messrs. Middleton .... 193 
 
 „ Names of the Old and the Junction Docks changed 289 
 
 1856 Peace proclaimed after the Russian War 194 
 
 „ Public breakfast to Dr. Sandwith 194 
 
 „ Public meeting to establish a Free Library 195 
 
 „ A Stipendiary Magistrate appointed 241 
 
 1857 Three Fires 195
 
 C80 
 
 A.D. 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 
 
 PAOE. 
 
 1857 Public banquets to Aldermen Bannister and Moss 225 
 
 „ Collision between the seamen of the Corn wallis and the police.. 196 
 
 „ Public Dinner to Lord Ashley 257 
 
 „ First Steamer sailed for the northern fisheries 596 
 
 „ Convent of Mercy founded 445 
 
 „ "Hull Times" newspaper established 537 
 
 „ Newland Wesleyan Chapel erected 430 
 
 1858 Eejoicings in honour of the Marriage of the Prince of Wales . . 196 
 „ Drinking Fountains introduced 6] 2 
 
 Great Reform Meeting at the Town Hall 197 
 
 1859 Two balloon ascents igg 
 
 „ Theatre Pioyal, Humber-street, burnt 504 
 
 „ Bank of England, Whitefriar-gate, erected 517 
 
 „ Fourth Annual Meeting of the Yorkshire Agricultural Society. . 198 
 
 „ Hull Rifle Volunteer Corps formed 574 
 
 „ Grand public entry of Messrs. Clay and Lewis: testimonial to 
 
 the latter gentleman 258 259 
 
 18G0 First tree planted in the Public Park 560 
 
 „ Messrs. Soulby and Dobson's warehouse destroyed by Fire 198 
 
 „ Great quantities of ice in the Humber 199 
 
 „ Sailors' Home opened 477 
 
 „ Hull Volunteer Artillery Corps formed 579 
 
 „ Young People's Christian, &c, Institute founded 506 
 
 „ Foundation stone of Beverley-road Methodist Chapel laid 428 
 
 1861 Foundation stone laid of St. Luke's Church 414 
 
 „ Chancery suit respecting the Citadel 269 
 
 ,. Fall of a warehouse in High-street: miraculous escape of a boy 199 
 
 „ Fire at Messrs. Earle's old ship yard 200 
 
 „ Fire on Messrs. Blundell and Co.'s premises 201 
 
 „ Several Hull ships lost 201 
 
 1862 First stone of the new Town Hall laid 485 
 
 „ First sod of the Hull and Hornsea Railway turned 485 
 
 „ Explosion at Messrs. Barron and Son's saw-mill 204 
 
 „ French steamer, " Le Corse," visited Hull 204 
 
 ,. Great fires on the premises of Mr. Beet, Queen -street, Messrs. 
 
 John Lee Smith and Co., High-street, Messrs. Thornton, Lime- 
 street, and Mr. Kingsley, Machell-street 207 
 
 „ Public meeting to raise funds for the unemployed cotton opera- 
 tives: the total sum collected amounted to £5,008., about 
 £200. of which was subscribed after page 208 of this volume 
 
 was printed 287 
 
 „ Very high tides in the Humber 208 
 
 „ Corner stone of the Holderness-road Chapel laid 433
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 687 
 
 A.D. PAGE. 
 
 1862 Great West Window of Holy Trinity Church filled with stained 
 
 glass 309 
 
 1863 Rejoicings on the Marriage of the Prince of Wales 209 
 
 „ The last military display at the Citadel 270 
 
 „ Fires on the premises of Messrs. Ayre and Howard, &c 208 
 
 „ Fires on the premises of Messrs. Blundell, Spence, and Co., 
 
 Messrs. Hill, High-street, &c 21G 
 
 „ Foundation stone of Jubilee Chapel laid 434 
 
 „ Earl de Grey and Ripon appointed High Steward 218 
 
 „ Demolition of the Citadel commenced 272 
 
 „ The Corporation met for the first time in the new Council 
 
 Chamber 487 
 
 ,, Meeting of the Yorkshire Union of Mechanics' Institutes 504 
 
 „ Hessle-road Burial Ground consecrated 380 
 
 „ Commencement of the West Dock works 294 
 
 „ An Act relating to street improvements obtained 336 
 
 „ Grand Installation of the Lord High Steward 341 
 
 „ Statue of the Queen, in the Park, presented to the town by W. 
 
 H. Moss, Esq 347 
 
 „ Public Dinner, &c, to the Mayor (W. H. Moss, Esq.) 351 
 
 „ North side of the nave of Holy Trinity Church restored 363 
 
 „ First pile of the South Bridge works driven 570 
 
 ,, Christ Church enlarged 400 
 
 „ West District Drainage Works commenced 340 
 
 „ A Nineteen-gun Battery constructed at Paull 274 
 
 „ Extraordinary mild mid-winter: roses in bloom at Hull on 
 
 Christmas Day 662 
 
 1864 The Alhambra Music Hall opened 526 
 
 „ " Eastern Morning and Evening News " newspaper established 537 
 
 „ Spring Head Waterworks finished 552, 069 
 
 „ Hull and Hornsea Railway opened 071 
 
 „ Kingston Masonic Lodge opened 608 
 
 „ H.M.S. ship " Cornwallis " removed from Hull 001 
 
 „ Foundation stone laid of the West Dock 663
 
 
 >» 
 
 688 HISTORY OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL. 
 
 Longevity. — As already intimated at pages 177 and 333, the 
 rate of mortality in Hull is lower than it is in many other large 
 towns in the kingdom ; and, notwithstanding the flatness of the 
 town and neighbourhood, the place is not unfavourable to the health 
 and longevity of the inhabitants. The following Centenarians died 
 here during the present century : — 
 
 Mrs. Pinder, in July, 1808 aged 103 years. 
 
 Alice Potts, in the Workhouse, December 8th, 1808 „ 103 
 
 William Newman (alias Blind Billy), early in 1804 „ 100 
 
 Ann Hopwood, July 2nd, 1814 „ 105 
 
 Mrs. Christiana Croyle, September 21st, 1814 „ 101 „ 
 
 Mrs. S. Baldwin, in the year 1817 „ 104 „ 
 
 Mary Webster, in June, 1817 „ 104 
 
 Thomas Hind, Drypool, December 21st, 1819 „ 103 
 
 Jane Bennett, August 13th, 1824 „ 102 „ 
 
 Bobert Walker, Mill-street, November 28th, 1830 „ 101 „ 
 
 John Walker, West-street, June 12th, 1832 „ 104 „ 
 
 Mrs. Nancy Gawthorp, Nelson-street, August 1st, 
 
 1834 „ 100 „ 
 
 John Mottram, March 9th, 1840 „ 100 „ 
 
 Ann Linwood, of Blackfriar-gate, widow of John Linwood, cabinet 
 maker, died January 24th, 1842, in the 100th year of her age, having 
 been baptised at the Holy Trinity Church, on the 6th of July, 
 1742. She had lived during five reigns, and resided nearly 94 
 years in the house in which she was born. 
 
 At present there are many of the inhabitants of Hull who enjoy 
 good health, though they have exceeded the " three score years and 
 ten," which is now allowed to be a ripe old age. The venerable 
 Vicar of Holy Trinity parish, the Kev. J. H. Bromby, was born 
 in Hull, and is now in his 94th year (See p. 379); Avison Terry, 
 Esq,, another native, is in his 91st year (See p. 022); and Thomas 
 Eirbank, Esq., who has also resided at Hull all his life, is at 
 present in his 88th year.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Abbeys — See Monasteries. 
 Accidents, 170, 174, 199, 670. 
 Acland, James, 159, 250. 
 Additions and Corrections, 061. 
 Addy, Samuel, 485, 489, 668. 
 Admiral of the Huniber, 219. 
 "Advertiser" (Hull) newspaper, 182, 
 
 333, 341, 348, 351, 492, 505, 535, 
 
 625, 663. 
 Agricultural Implements, export of, 
 
 599. 
 Aitkin's Plan of Hull, 331. 
 Albemarle, Earl of, 16. 
 Albert House, 621. 
 Albion House, 618. 
 Alcock, Bishop, 372, 627. 
 Alderman fined, 95. 
 Aldermen of the Borough, 238. 
 Alderson, Dr. James, 174, 471, 472, 
 
 501, 503, 504, 545, 564, 653, 661. 
 Alderson, Dr. John, 470, 472, 496, 
 
 497, 500, 502, 653. 
 Aldgate, 23, 320. 
 Ale, Hull noted for it, 88, 136. 
 Alexander, George, 441. 
 Alhambra Music Hall, 526. 
 Allison, E. & H., 597. 
 Allott, Thelwall, & Co., 588. 
 Almshouses — See Hospitals. 
 Amateur Actors, 607. 
 Anatomy and Medicine, School of, 
 
 520. 
 Ancient Religious Institutions, 352. 
 Andrews, G. T., 573. 
 Anemometer, 519. 
 Anlaby-road, 333. 
 Annals of Hull, 14. 
 Anti-corn law meetings, 173. 
 Architecture, Ecclesiastical, 364. 
 Archbishops of York's Jurisdiction, 
 
 58, 278 ; their liberties in the river 
 
 Hull, 277. 
 Archbishop's men assaulted by the 
 
 Mayor, 278. 
 
 " Arctic " steamer wrecked, 199. 
 
 Arches, triumphal, 183. 
 
 Art, School of, 507, 669. 
 
 Arden, A. O., 607. 
 
 Argyle House, 624. 
 
 Arnott, Sir John, 602. 
 
 Ashley, Lord, 257. 
 
 Aske, Robert, 70, 73. 
 
 Assembly Rooms, 490. 
 
 Assizes at Hull, 94, 140, 143, 144, 
 
 146, 147, 489. 
 Astrop, John, 319. 
 Atherton Moor, battle of, 123. 
 Atkinson, Anthony, 473, 474. 
 Atkinson, H. J., 428, 473, 476, 477, 
 
 513, 612, 613. 
 Atkinson, J., 476. 
 Attlee, Rev. Simmonds, 417. 
 Audus & Leggott, 415, 590. 
 Avon Lodge, 622. 
 Bacon, Friar, 644. 
 
 Bailey, Rev. R. K., 441, 666, 667, 668. 
 Baines, Matthew Talbot, 261. 
 Balchin, Edmund, 594, 613. 
 Balloon Ascents, 157, 158, 171, 176, 
 
 198, 608. 
 Baltic Buildings, 310. 
 Baltic Steam Trade, 596. 
 Banks, 517. 
 Bannister, Anthony, 181, 182, 224, 
 
 225, 234, 257, 484, 485, 504, 575, 
 
 577, 578, 608, 669. 
 Bannister, Mrs. Anthony, 185. 
 Bannister, Miss Kate, 576. 
 Bannister, Charles H., 575. 
 Baptists, 417. 
 Barkworth & Spaldin, 597. 
 Barkworth, H.,473. 
 Barkworth, J. B., 257. 
 Barnby, Bishop, 481, 500, 504, 658, 
 
 668. 
 Barnby & Rust, 431. 
 Barracks, Military, 272. 
 Barton Ferry established, 33.
 
 690 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Barton Ferry-boat landing, 319. 
 
 Baths and Wash-houses, 528. 
 
 Battle-fields of Yorkshire, 89. 
 
 Batteries, 145, 266, 274, 320, 662. 
 
 Baynard Castle, 27, 76. 
 
 Baynes, James, 399, 505. 
 
 Beadle, John, 292. 
 
 Beal, Robert, 600, 603, 604. 
 
 Beatson, Rev. John, 417, 418. 
 
 Beaufort, Duchess of, 579. 
 
 Beaumont, Rev. Dr., 426. 
 
 Beeton, James, 239, 259, 332, 670. 
 
 Beeton's-Ville, 332. 
 
 Beggar's Bridge, 460. 
 
 Bell, Dr. J. P., 499, 506, 624. 
 
 Bell, William, 249. 
 
 Bell, W. H., 222, 224. 
 
 Bellasis, Lord, 136. 
 
 Benevolent Institutions, 468. 
 
 Bernard, William, 658. 
 
 Bethell, Richard, 410, 532. 
 
 Bexley, Lord, 533. 
 
 Bishops of Hull, 63, 135. 
 
 Bishop-lane, 320. 
 
 Birkbeck, Dr., 496, 500. 
 
 Blackfriar-gate, 320. 
 
 Black Friary, 354. 
 
 Blaydes, Benjamin, 303. 
 
 " Blenheim" ship attacked, 148. 
 
 Blockhouses, 76, 135, 264, 265, 271, 
 
 272, 571, 580, 585, 670. 
 Blundell Henry, 212, 225,256,529, 
 
 571, 579, 581, 617, 618, 625, 655. 
 Blundell, Henry Spence, 618. 
 Blundell's Hydraulic Presses, 585. 
 Blundell, Spence, & Co., 201, 216, 
 
 596. 
 Boarded Bridge, 74. 
 Board of Health, Local, 227, 322, 
 
 488, 490, 558, 569. 
 Bolingbroke, 55, 60— See also King 
 
 Edioard IV. 
 Bolton, Christopher, 304. 
 Bolton, William, 241. 
 Bonnin, Rev. T. S. 395. 
 Bonny Boat, 462. 
 
 Borromeo, St. Charles of, 442, 452. 
 Borough, limits of, 221. 
 Borough Magistrates, 239. 
 Borough Surplus Fund, 227. 
 Botanic Gardens, 553. 
 Botterill, William, 392, 430, 476, 480, 
 
 669. 
 Boulter, Benjamin, 239, 620. 
 Bowlalley-lane, 321, 323. 
 
 Boyes family, 329. 
 Boynton, Captain, 120. 
 Braddon, Miss M. E., 650. 
 Bribery Commission, 253. 
 Brick-making in Hull, in early times, 
 
 264. 
 Brick-work, ancient, 367. 
 Bridges, 567, 670. 
 Briggs, Derham, & Co., 558. 
 British Association, 498. 
 Broadley, Miss, 318, 371, 409, 413, 
 
 473, 522, 665. 
 Broadley, John, 490. 
 Broadley and Raikes, 314. 
 Broadlev, Robert Carlile, 314, 318, 
 
 665. 
 Broadley burial vault, 371, 665. 
 Brochner, C. C, 315. 
 Brodrick, Cuthbert, 399, 484, 485, 
 
 489, 495, 537. 
 Brodrick, John, 484. 
 Bromby, Rev. J. H., 368, 379, 457, 
 
 461, 500, 501, 529, 688. 
 Bromby, Miss, 499. 
 Bromby, Right Rev. Dr., 659. 
 Brook-street improvement, 336, 339, 
 
 664. 
 Brooks, Thomas, 664. 
 Brooshooft, Lieut-Col., 579, 581. 
 Browne, Rev. G. O., 363, 365, 379, 
 
 664. 
 Brown, Dale, 663. 
 
 Brown, W., Atkinson, & Co., 496, 596 
 Brownlow, W. B., 238, 416. 
 Brownlow, Lumsden, & Co., 286, 586 
 Bruce, Robert, 32. 
 Brunswick House, 352, 617. 
 Bryson & Jameson, 597. 
 Bryson, John, 620. 
 Buckingham, Duke of, 90, 92. 
 Bugles presented to Rifle Volunteers, 
 
 575. 
 Burgundy, Duchess of, 47. 
 Burke, Rev. Luke, 444. 
 Burleigh, Lord, 87. 
 Butchers' Shambles, 321, 606. 
 Burton, Samuel Ross, 583. 
 Burton, Mrs. Thomas, 415. 
 Bush Dyke, 264. 
 Butler, C. F., 338. 
 Butlin, Clarke, 482. 
 Butt Close, 290. 
 Camden, the Antiquarian, 20. 
 Campe, Rev. Charles, 391. 
 Cannon Balls, 498, 618, 623.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 691 
 
 Cap of Maintenance, 56, 135, 226. 
 
 Carington, Lord, 305. 
 
 Carlisle, Earl of, 186, 192, 492. 
 
 Carlton House, 620. 
 
 Carmarthen. Marquis of, 242, 663. 
 
 Carmelite Friary, 352. 
 
 Carrick, Theophilus, 405, 416. 
 
 Carthusian Priory, 355. 
 
 Casson,F. W., 472, , 
 
 Castle of Hull — See Blockhouses. 
 
 Castle-street, 329. 
 
 Castle-row, 335. 
 
 Catholics, 210, 354, 442. 
 
 Caverns in High-street, 315. 
 
 Cemetery, General, 556. 
 
 Centenarians, 688. 
 
 Chain House, 319. 
 
 Chalice, Saxon (leaden), 380, 616. 
 
 Chaloner, Edward, 597. 
 
 Chamberlaine, Leonard, 438. 
 
 Chambers's, Dr., Annals of Hull, 10, 
 
 265, 359, 382, 616, 666. 
 Chamber of Commerce, 286, 513. 
 Chantries, 372, 390, 466. 
 Charles I. — his life and times, 89; 
 
 his execution, 130. 
 Charity Hall, 479, 517, 520. 
 Charlesworth, W., 434. 
 Charliss, Rev. S., 316, 437, 438. 
 Charter House, 116, 454. 
 Charter of Edward I. in full, 27. 
 Charters (other), 139, 141, 220. 
 Chatham, William, 483. 
 Chaucer family, 46. 
 Chaucer, the Poet, 458. 
 Chief Constable, 521. 
 Chief Magistrates, 219. 
 Chinese table (curious), 589. 
 Cholera, 176, 177. 
 Choral Society, 491. 
 Chronological Table of Remarkable 
 
 Events, 673. 
 Citadel, 266, 268, 270, 392, 569, 580, 
 
 585, 670. 
 Civil Wars, 59, 60, 89, 116, 118, 124, 
 
 128. 
 Civil War Tracts, 614. 
 Church Building Society, 414, 667. 
 Church Institute, 505. 
 
 Churches, Chapels, &c. 
 Established Church:— 
 
 Holy Trinity Church, 135, 358, 
 629, 631, 642, 665. 
 
 St. Mary's Church, 59, 360, 380, 
 468, 613, 666. 
 
 Drypool Church, 390. 
 
 Sculcoates Church, 392. 
 
 St. John's Church, 395, 666. 
 
 Christ Church, 3'.)!). 
 
 St. James's Church, 403. 
 
 Mariners' Church, 406. 
 
 St. Stephen's Church, 407, 666. 
 
 St. Mark's Church, 412. 
 
 St. Paul's Church, 409, 667. 
 
 St. Luke's Church, 413, 668. 
 
 Newland Church, 416. 
 
 Proposed new Churches, 416. 
 Baptists : — 
 
 Salthouse-lane Chapel, 417. 
 
 George-street Chapel, 418. 
 
 South-street Chapel, 418. 
 
 Baker-street Chapel, 419. 
 
 Particular Baptists, 420. 
 Independents : —   
 
 Providence. Chapel, 420°. 
 
 Fish-street Chapel, 420. 
 
 Salem Chapel, 422. 
 
 Bethesda Chapel, 422. 
 
 Albion Chapel, 423. 
 Wesl"yan Methodists : — 
 
 George-yard Chapel, 424. 
 
 Scott-street Chapel, 425. 
 
 Humber-street Chapel, 426. 
 
 Kingston Chapel, 426. 
 
 Great Thornton-street Chapel, 427. 
 
 Beverley-road Chapel, 428. 
 
 Newland Chapel, 430. 
 New Connexion Methodists : — 
 
 Bethel Chapel, 431. 
 
 Stepney Chapel, 431. 
 Primitive Methodists : — 
 
 West Street Chapel, 431. 
 
 Church Street Chapel, 431. 
 
 Great Thornton-street Chapel, 432, 
 
 Clowes' Chapel, 432. 
 
 Witham Chapel, 433. 
 
 Holderness-road Chapel, 433. 
 
 Jubilee Chapel, 434, 668. 
 Other Protestant Dissenters : 
 
 Independent Methodist Chapel, 
 435. 
 
 Methodist Reformers Chapel, 435. 
 
 United Presbyterian Chapel, 436. 
 
 Friends' Meeting House, 436. 
 
 Unitarian Chapel, 437. 
 
 Swedenborgians, 438. 
 
 United Bands, 438. 
 
 Lutheran Church, 439. 
 
 Jews' Synagogue, 439, 668. 
 Catholic Church of St. Charles, 442.
 
 692 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Catholic Chnpel of St. Mary, 444. 
 
 Clark, Rev. John, 44G. 
 
 Clay, James, 177, 197, 247, 251, 253, 
 
 256, 258, 504, 562, 577. 
 Clay, Frederic, 652. 
 Clock of High Church, 370. 
 Clowes, Eev. William, 432. 
 Codd family, 639. 
 Coins, ancient, 613, 617. 
 Cogan-street, 330. 
 Colleges, 464. 
 Collins, E. F., 529,536. 
 Collinson, William, 344. 
 Colquhoun, Daniel, 517. 
 Commerce of the Port, 275. 
 Commonwealth, state of Society 
 
 under it, 132. 
 Constable, Sir Clifford, 185, 198, 328. 
 Constable, Lady C, 169,185,208,495. 
 Constable, Sir John, 72. 
 Constable, Sir Robert, 73. 
 Convent of Mercy, 445. 
 Cookman, George, 194, 620. 
 Cooke, Barnard, 509. 
 Cook, R. L., 496. 
 Conservator of the Humber, 518. 
 Convention Parliament, 142. 
 Cooper, Sir Henry, 177, 181, 189, 
 
 191, 192, 234, 488, 495, 499, 649. 
 Cooper, Lady, 169, 386, 495. 
 Cooper, Rev. A. H., 386. 
 Corn Exchange, 510. 
 "Cornwallis," H. M. ship, 195, 196, 
 
 210, 217, 661. 
 Coronation Stone, 30. 
 Corporation, Municipal, 135,219,220, 
 
 221, 222, 238, 662. 
 Corporation regalia and plate, 225. 
 Corporation, income and expenditure 
 
 of, 227. 
 Corporation — list of the first reform 
 
 body, 222. 
 Corporation of Trinity House, 457. 
 Corporation of the Poor, 479. 
 Corrupt practices, 254. 
 Courts of Justice, 489. 
 Cotton Mills, 581. 
 Cottingham Manors, 626. 
 Council Chamber, 487. 
 County of Kingston-upon-Hull, 56, 
 
 74. 
 Covenanters, 102. 
 Craig, Rev. S. B., 668. 
 Craggs, William, 625. 
 Croft, William, 415, 416, 622. 
 
 Cromwell, Oliver, 121, 125, 131, 133. 
 Cross Keys Hotel, 203, 604. 
 Crosse, John, 370, 654, 665. 
 Crosskill, William, 517. 
 Crowle, Alderman, 310, 360, 467, 
 
 488, 656. 
 Crowle family, 246, 311. 
 Crown of England in pawn, 38. 
 Crown Jewels sold, 114. 
 Cullen, W., 482. 
 Curiosities, 465, 498, 502, 551, 589, 
 
 613. 
 Cussons, R. T., 496, 505. 
 Custom House, 286, 516. 
 Customs, great and petty, 227. 
 Cuthbert, John, 422, 423, 425. 
 Cyclops Iron Works, 588. 
 "Czar" steamer lost, 197. 
 " Daily Express" newspaper, 538. 
 Dairycotes Villa and Lodge, 624. 
 Dale, Thomas, 549, 551, 552, 670. 
 Dalton, John, & Co., 597. 
 Daly, Dr. Owen, 528, 529. 
 Danes, their devastations and mas- 
 sacre, 16. 
 Danish Buildings, 315. 
 Dannatt, Philip, 621. 
 Darling, Grace, 169, 173. 
 "Dauntless," H. M. ship, 661. 
 Davis, Edwin, 189, 272, 473, 577, 
 
 579, 582, 611, 619,662,666. 
 Davis, Edwin, & Co., 600. 
 Davis, Rev. J. U., 419. 
 Dearsley, H. R., 525. 
 Deck, Rev. John, 407, 409. 
 Deheer & Co., 595. 
 De la Pole family, 34, 262, 302, 375, 
 
 454, 627. 
 De la Pryme, Rev. A., 21, 371. 
 Des Forges, Messrs., 319. 
 De Grey and Ripon, Earl, 218, 242, 
 
 247, 253, 256, 257, 261, 341. 
 Destruction of Church Ornaments, 
 
 361. 
 Deval, Dr. Harry, 491, 650, 651. 
 Diatomaceae, Norman's List of, 509. 
 Dibb, W. T., 336, 664. 
 Digby, Lord, 119. 
 Dispensary, 471. 
 Dissenting Chapels, 417. 
 Dissolution of Religious Houses, 65. 
 Distinguished M.P.'s for Hull, 260. 
 Distressed Foreigners, Society for the 
 
 relief of, 609. 
 Dixon, E. P., 620.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 093 
 
 Dixon & Sleight, 340, 064. 
 
 Dobson, Lieut-Col., 21], 238, 2C0, 
 
 579. 
 Dobree, N. F., 014. 
 Dock Company, 268, 272, 274, 288, 
 
 290, 569, 663. 
 Dock Company, officers of, 298. 
 Docks, the, 287, 663. 
 Dock Green, 171, 329. 
 Dock and Tidal water space and 
 
 quayage at Hull, 296. 
 Dock Warehouses, 296. 
 Domesday Book, 15. 
 Domesday Survey, 15, 23. 
 Dorchester House, 620. 
 Drainage of the West District, 337, 
 
 664. 
 Dreyer, A., 403. 
 Drinking Fountains, 612. 
 Dry Docks, 587. 
 
 Drypool, 16, 23, 266, 300, 327, 331. 
 Ducking Stool, 144. 
 Duncan, Andrew, 597. 
 Duncombe, Hon. A., 562. 
 Duncombe, Hon. Mrs. A., 495. 
 Dunhill Snowden, 155. 
 Durham, Earl of, 163,170. 
 Dykes, Eev. T., 395, 399, 400, 403, 
 
 406, 408, 456. 
 Earle, Charles & William, 200, 586. 
 Earle, George & Thomas, 595. 
 Earle, Thomas, 347, 376, 393, 502, 
 
 517, 565, 617, 655. 
 Early history of Hull misrepresented, 
 
 19. 
 Earthquakes, 87, 145. 
 East Ella House, 623. 
 Eastmead, Kev. W., 439. 
 Eaton, George, 662. 
 East Biding Bank, 314. 
 East Biding Iron Works, 588. 
 Ecclesiastical Architecture, 364. 
 Ecclesiastical Edifices, 358. 
 Eccles, C. S., 239, 621. 
 Egginton, John, 473. 
 Egginton, Samuel Hall, 216. 
 Eight-day Clocks, 594. 
 Election Mems, 247. 
 Electric Time Ball, 218. 
 Ellam, Eev. John, 391. 
 Ellershaw & Co., 597. 
 Ellerthorpe, John, 201. 
 Ellison, G.& Co., 349,592. 
 Ellis's Hospital, 468. 
 Elm Tree House, 619. 
 
 Episcopal Palace at Hull, 64, 320. 
 Epstein, Bev. Elkan, 608. 
 Etherington, Sir Henry, 316, 471. 
 Etty, William, 538, 643. 
 Exchange, Merchants', 511, 668. 
 Executions, 86, 94, 143, 144, 140, 
 
 330. 
 Exhibitions of paintings, statuary, 
 
 &c, 504, 507, 669. 
 Extraordinary Phenomenon, 614. 
 Eyre, C. A., 527, 608, 672. 
 Eyton, Henry M., 523. 
 Fairfax, Lord, 121, 124, 376, 456. 
 Fairfax, Sir Thomas, 128, 133. 
 Fairs and Markets, 606. 
 Fanatics, 136. 
 
 Fancy Bazaars, 169, 172, 478. 
 Farbstein, Joel, 668. 
 Fearne <fc Easton, 184, 185. 
 Feasts or Wakes, 57. 
 Female Penitentiary, 472. 
 Ferns, exotic, 613, 618. 
 Ferres, Alderman, 353, 376, 459. 
 Ferriby, 23. 
 Ferries, 33, 319, 326. 
 Ferry Boat Dock, 296. 
 Field House, 624. 
 Field, William, 239, 318, 592. 
 Firbank, Thomas, 293, 379, 063, 688. 
 Fire brigades, 521. 
 Fires in Hull, 143, 144, 157, 161, 173, 
 
 174,175, 176, 179, 192, 193, 195, 
 
 197, 198, 200, 201, 203, 205, 206, 
 
 208, 215, 216, 218. 
 Firth, B., Ph. D., 519. 
 Fish, extraordinary, 165. 
 Fish, a religious emblem, 443. 
 Fitzwilliam, Earl, 162. 
 .Flax and Cotton Mills, 581. 
 Flint, T. W. ( 512: 
 Floating Chapel, 474. 
 Flodden Field, battle of, 61. 
 Flood, Fredk. Solly, 253. 
 Floral and Horticultural Society, 556. 
 Flying, art of, 043. 
 Foreigners in Hull, 242. 
 Foresters' Gala, 008. 
 " Forfarshire " steamer lost, 109. 
 Forster & Andrews, 377, 387, 393, 
 
 400, 411, 413, 418, 420, 421, 430, 
 
 431,433,430,501, 593. 
 Forster, J. A., 499. 
 Fortifications, 54, 261. 
 Forts erected at Paull and Hessle 
 
 Cliff, 116. 
 
 4 U
 
 094 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Fort Majors of Hull, 271. 
 
 Foster & Wrangham, 597. 
 
 Foster, T. J., & Son, 595. 
 
 Foucher, Abbe, 442. 
 
 Fountain, John, 238, 481, 504, 613. 
 
 Fowler & Mc. Collin, 217, 558. 
 
 Fox, Captain Luke, 028. 
 
 Fox, Lieut. George, 592. 
 
 Freehold Land Societies, 331. 
 
 Freeman, John, 595. 
 
 Freemasons, 493, 519, 006, 671. 
 
 Free Chapels, 373. 
 
 Free Library, attempt to [establish 
 
 one, 195. 
 French's Gardens, 331. 
 Friaries — See Monasteries. 
 Friendly Societies, 606, 609. 
 Frith, Thomas, 364, 371, 387, 388. 
 Frost, Charles, 10, 18, 26, 28, 34, 189, 
 
 220, 263, 301, 353, 380, 493, 496, 
 
 643. 
 Frost, Mrs. C, 495. 
 Gale, George, 414. 
 Gale, Richard, 537. 
 Galloway, John H., 241, 624. 
 Gallows-lane, 330. 
 Gaol and House of Correction, 522. 
 Garrison -side, 300. 
 Gas Works, 010. 
 Gates of Hull, 273, 533. 
 Geary, Rev. Joseph, 444. 
 Gee & Co., 286. 
 Gee, Joseph, 199, 303, 056. 
 Gee, William, 446, 468. 
 Gent's History of Hull, 21, 129, 262. 
 George-yard, 306. 
 German Working Men's Association, 
 
 563. 
 Gibson, E. & Son, 590. 
 Gibson, Henry, 469, 471. 
 Gibson, J. H., 498. 
 Gilby family, 8. 
 Gilby, Colonel, 137. 
 Glass windows first used in England, 
 
 363. 
 Gleadow & Dibb, 599. 
 Glenham, Sir Thomas, 103, 104, 661. 
 Glen, Henry, & Son, 179, 584, 587. 
 Gloucester, Prince William of, 152. 
 Glover's Hotel, 209, 213, 481, 504, 
 
 576, 605. 
 Goddard & Son, 595. 
 Goddard, Lieut., 577. 
 Goe, Rev. F. F., 403, 414. 
 Gold Chain, Mayor's, 219, 225. 
 
 Good, C, 212. 
 Gordon, Dr., 176, 424. 
 Gordon Riots, 440, 442. 
 Gothic Architecture, 364. 
 Governors of Hull, 73, 77, 102, 124, 
 
 128,133, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141, 
 
 143, 271. 
 Graham Sir James, 247, 249, 255, 261 . 
 Grammar School — See Schools. 
 Grassby, F. R., 565. 
 Graves, Jesse, 662. 
 Great Union-street, 327. 
 Greensides, Henry, 656. 
 Green, George Pycock, 191, 240, 488, 
 
 505, 645. 
 Gresham, John, 252, 529, 548, 572, 
 
 583, 658. 
 Gresham, John Foster, 658. 
 Gresham, J. H., 662. 
 Grimsby-lane, 320. 
 Grimston Park, 579, 581, 613. 
 Grimston-street, 326. 
 Grissell, H. and Co., 571. 
 Grotto-square, 331. 
 Groves, the, 327, 331. 
 Grove House, 625. 
 Guilds, Religious, 357, 457. 
 Guilds, Trade, 512. 
 Guild Hall, old, 483. 
 Gurnhill, Rev. James, 37 0. 
 Hadley's History of Hull, 21, 74, 97, 
 
 145, 307, 355, 381. 
 Hall, Captain George, 658. 
 Hall, Rev. Newman, 424, 431. 
 Hallam took Hull by surprise, 70. 
 Hallett, J. & Co., 584, 587. 
 Hamburg, great fire at, 172. 
 Hanmer, Sir John, 252. 
 Hanson, Richard, 229. 
 Hargreaves, Matthew, 517. 
 Harmonic Society, 668. 
 Harrison, R. E. & J., 471, 597, 607. 
 Harrison, Robert, 499, 509. 
 Harrison & Sons, 597. 
 Harrison's Hospital, 468. 
 Hartog, Henri, 471, 492. 
 Haswell, Richard, 382. 
 Hawkshaw, John, 571, 603. 
 Haworth, Adrian H., 642. 
 Haworth, Benjamin, 626. 
 Haworth, Lieut-Col., 578, 626. 
 Hayes & Whittaker, 217. 
 Health of Towns Act, 227. 
 Heaven & Co., 597. 
 Hell, Hull, and Halifax, 88.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 GO- 
 
 Helmsing, Frederick, 304, 439, 409, 
 470, 589, 609, 610. 
 
 Helmsing, F. & Co., 599. 
 
 Helmsing, Mrs. F., 495. 
 
 H el ward, or Heward family, 359. 
 
 Hempstock, Walter, 603. 
 
 Hendry, William, 509. 
 
 Henri's Patent Cattle Food Co., 591. 
 
 Henwood, James, 180, 426, 505. 
 
 " Herald " (Hull and Eastern Coun- 
 ties) newspaper, 486, 488, 537. 
 
 Hemes, Lord, 198. 
 
 Hessle, 20, 23. 
 
 Hessle-cum-Hull parish divided, 362. 
 
 Hessle-road, 330. 
 
 Hesslewood House, 576. 
 
 Hewetson, Jobn, 623. 
 
 He worth Moor, meeting on, 114. 
 
 High Stewards of Hull, 86, 83, 94, 
 138,139, 140, 143, 145, 153,162, 
 170, 218, 242, 243, 341, 352, 614, 
 616. 
 
 High Stewards, dignity of, 242. 
 
 High-street, 301. 
 
 High Tides — See Inundations. 
 
 High Winds, 145, 154, 100, 171, 177. 
 
 Higson, John, 471. 
 
 Hildreth, Mrs., 670. 
 
 Hildyard family, 310. 
 
 Hill, Matthew Davenport, 250, 251. 
 
 Hill, J. T. & N., 21 6, 304. 
 
 Hirons, Eev. John, 418. 
 
 Historical Annals, 14. 
 
 Historic Facts, Thompson's, 6. 
 
 Hoare, Joseph, 247, 259, 577, 579. 
 
 Hockney, John, 423, 497. 
 
 Hockney & Liggins, 595 
 
 Hodge, Henry, 303,433, 597. 
 
 Hodge, William, 234, 304, 428, 473, 
 484, 485, 597. 
 
 Holderness an island, 5, 11, 300. 
 
 Holderness House, 625. 
 
 Holden, Thomas, 303, 663. 
 
 Holden, J. F., 482, 607. 
 
 Holder, E. H., 538. 
 
 Holmes, Thomas & Son, 598. 
 
 Holmes, T., 507. 
 
 Home for Fallen Women, 473, 668. 
 
 Horner, Dr., 204, 499, 556. 
 
 Horner, Simon, 306. 
 
 Hopwood, Frederick, 331, 519. 
 
 Horse-racing, 153. 
 
 Hospitals or Almshouses, 356, 453, 
 463, 466. 
 
 Hotels and Inns, 604. 
 
 Hotham, Captain, 120, 123. 
 
 Hotham, Lord, 562. 
 
 Hotham, Sir John, 104, 105, 111, 
 119, 122, 123, 605. 
 
 Hotham, Sir John (2nd), 143. 
 
 Howard & Co., 208, 591. 
 
 Howdle, Thomas. 001. 
 
 Hudson, F. W., 662. 
 
 Huffam, W. H., 293, 382, 603. 
 
 Hughes, Rev. W. L., 411, 668. 
 
 Hull — See Kingston-upon-Hull. 
 
 Hull Armed Association, 153. 
 
 "Hull Cheese" (ale), 88. 
 
 Hull Exchange Company, 512, 668. 
 
 Hull river, change in its course, 10, 
 13, 31, 329. 
 
 Hull-bank House, 626. 
 
 Hull South Bridge Co., 569. 
 
 Hull and East Riding Parliamentary 
 and Financial Reform Association, 
 177. 
 
 Hull Free Trade Association, 173. 
 
 Hull, Sieges of, 118, 124. 
 
 Hullshire, 56; boundary of, 74; pri- 
 vileges, 219. 
 
 Human Remains, 354, 441, 667. 
 
 Hull Forge, 588. 
 
 Humber Dock, 290. 
 
 Humberlron Works and Ship Build- 
 ing Company, 671. 
 
 Humber River, 3, 10, 297, 300. 
 
 Humber-street, 332. 
 
 Humphreys, Captain, 163, 282, 465 
 
 Humphrey, T. & Son, 584, 587. 
 
 Hunter, Edward, 595. 
 
 Huntingdon, Frederic, 471. 
 
 Hunt, Rev. J. W., 406, 416, 668. 
 
 Hunt, William. 537. 
 
 Hutchinson & Son, 625. 
 
 Hutt, Right Hon. William, 166, 170, 
 181, 247, 250, 251, 252, 261, 641. 
 
 Ice on the Humber, 199. 
 
 Illuminations, 187, 212. 
 
 Independent and Presbyterian meet- 
 ings in Holy Trinity Church, 361. 
 
 Incursions of the sea on the Holder- 
 derness coast, 5, 7. 
 
 Independents, 128, 420. 
 
 Individual Petition, 259. 
 
 Index to this volume, 689. 
 Industry, House of, 479. 
 Infirmary, General, 468, 668. 
 Inland Revenue and Tax Offices, 517. 
 Inns, ancient, 322. 
 Inn signs, 604.
 
 690 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Insects, collections of, 614, 615. 
 Installation of former High Stewards, 
 
 352. 
 Installation of the present High 
 
 Steward, 341, 570. 
 Insurrections, 69, 81. 
 Inundations 7, 12, 13, 63, 82, 154, 
 
 156, 158, 168, 171, 172, 177, 208. 
 Iron chain across the harbour, 14, 
 
 102, 130,261, 319. 
 Irving, W., & Co., 597, 
 Islands in the Humber, 7. 
 Jackson, William, 416. 
 Jacobsen, Dr. Julius, 195, 239, 241. 
 Jacobs, Bethel, 174, 218, 341, 441, 
 
 471, 486, 488, 507, 508, 577, 603, 
 
 607, 663. 
 Jacobs, Aaron, 441. 
 Jacobs, Israel, 440. 
 Jacobs & Lucas, 185, 257, 260. 
 Jackson, Enderby, 560. 
 Jackson, Thomas, 238, 239, 613. 
 Jack, William, 602. 
 Jalland, B. M., 225, 251, 257, 557, 625. 
 Jalland, W. E., 611,625. 
 Jameson <fe Co., 590. 
 Jameson, J. A., 414, 472. 
 Jameson, R., 473, 623. 
 James, Sir Walter C, 251. 
 Jan Magen Island discovered by Hull 
 
 merchants, 281. 
 Jarratt, Alderman, 483. 
 Jarratt, Rev. Canon, 416. 
 Jefferies, Judge, 139, 141. 
 Jennison & Son, 602. 
 Jessop, J. R., 483. 
 Jetties, 272, 319, 320, 330. 
 Jewish Cemeteries, 330. 
 Johnson, Thomas, 628. 
 Jones, Joseph. 179, 256, 601. 
 Jones, Paul, 146. 
 Julian Dyke, 540. 
 Jukes, Rev. Andrew, 419, 473. 
 Jukes, Rev. Edward, 422. 
 Jukes, Mrs. A., 602. 
 Justices of the Peace — See Magis- 
 trates. 
 Kemp, George G. 499. 
 Kemp, Rev. H. W., 34, 40, 389, 399, 
 
 413, 416, 500, 505, 619. 
 Kennedy, William, 535. 
 Kerby, William, 402, 405, 506. 
 Keysell Villa, 621. 
 
 Key worth, W. D. Sen., 376, 399, 403, 
 411, 471, 503, 647. 
 
 Keyworth, W. D., Jun., 648. 
 Kidd, T. & D., 208, 602. 
 King's Coffee House, 308. 
 King's Head Inn, 317. 
 Kingston College, 464. 
 Kingston Cotton Mills, 582. 
 Kingston Hotel, 167, 490, 605. 
 Kingston Cattle Food Co., 591. 
 Kingston Mustard, Blue, and Black 
 
 Lead Works, 592. 
 Kingston Starch Works, 590. 
 Kingston upon-Hull — its situation, 
 &c, 1, 2; derivation of the name 
 of Hull, 14; known as a town at 
 an early period, 22; description of 
 the town, 299; sieges of, 118, 124 ; 
 arms of the borough, 239; Dukes 
 of, 243; port of, 275; its tonnage, 
 285. 
 Kingston-upon-Hull Incorporation 
 
 for the Poor, 479. 
 King, Defender of the Faith, title of. 
 
 65. 
 King Charles I., 89, 130, 605. 
 King Charles II., 133, 136, 138, 140, 
 
 220. 
 King Edward I., 26, 29. 
 King Edward III., 54. 
 King Edward IV., 60. 
 King Edward VI., 78. 
 King George I., 143. 
 King George III., 146, 152, 154. 
 King George IV., 157. 
 King Henry V., 55. 
 King Henry VI., 59, 60. 
 King Henry VIII., 65, 74, 77, 78. 
 King Richard II., 54. 
 King William IV., 158. 
 King John, 25. 
 
 King James II., 140, 141, 142. 
 King Philip of Spain, 86. 
 King, Dr. Kelburne, 669. 
 King, Rev. John, 395, 396, 403. 
 King, William Robinson, 402. 
 Kin near, Rev. H. G., 379, 448. 
 Knight, Rev. W., 396, 403, 405. 
 Knowles, Sir William, 219. 
 Kirkby, R. M., 621. 
 Kissing Field, 330. 
 Lambert, Charles R., 656. 
 Lambert Family, 311. 
 Lancaster, Duke of, 55. 
 Land of Green Ginger, 323. 
 Landing Stairs, ancient, 273. 
 Lane, Rev. S., 406, 422, 436.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 697 
 
 Langdale, Lord, 141. 
 Latham & Co., 574, 602. 
 Lawson, Sir J., 631. 
 Lawton, William, 499. 
 Laud, Arcbbishop, 104. 
 Launch of four ships, 343. 
 Lavacrum or Piscina, ancient, 358. 
 Law Library, 505. 
 Leadenhall-square, 323, 484. 
 League and Covenant of the Scots, 
 
 99, 102. 
 Leaper, John, 305. 
 " Le Corse," steamer, 205. 
 Lee, Eev. George, 500, 503, 538. 
 Lee, Thomas, 496. 
 Leeds, Duke of, 153. 
 Leland, the Antiquarian, 19, 76, 262. 
 Leeman, George, 582. 
 Leng, J. W., 185, 474, 657. 
 Lenham, William, 482. 
 Lent, fast of, 97. 
 Leetham, William, 624. 
 Le Gros, William, Lord of Holder- 
 
 ness, 16. 
 Lester, Rev. Thomas, 416. 
 Letters of a Representative, 251. 
 Lewis, J. Harvey, 197, 247, 258, 259. 
 Liddell, George, William, and Charles, 
 
 411. 
 Liddell, H., 476. 
 Lincoln, Earl of, 47. 
 Literary and Philosophical Society, 
 
 490, 492, 497, 613, 669. 
 Literary Soiree, 504. 
 Lightfoot, Samuel, 438. 
 Lime-kiln Creek, 11, 329, 661. 
 Lime-street Hall, 624. 
 Lime-street, 326. 
 
 Lister, Sir John, 101, 104, 305, 467. 
 Little-lane, 273. 
 Littleton, Bishop, 262. 
 Lion House, 309, 467. 
 Lyme Villa, 621. 
 Local Board of Health — See Board 
 
 of Health. 
 Locking, Edmund, 602, 
 Lockwood, H. F., 362, 423, 463, 464, 
 
 484, 565. 
 Londesborough, Lord, 475, 575, 577, 
 
 579, 581, 611, 613, 668, 672. 
 Londesborough (late), Lord, 187, 492, 
 
 499. 
 Londesborough, Lady, 579. 
 Longevity, 688. 
 Long Parliament, 104. 
 
 Loft family, 386. 
 
 Loughran, Peter, B., 351. 
 
 Lovel, G. H., 507, 508, 556, 650, 651. 
 
 Low-gate, 321, 323, 336. 
 
 Lowthrop, Sir William, 170, 180, 
 
 423. 
 Lucas, Captain, 577. 
 Lumsden, John, 239, 351, 475, 550, 
 
 587, 609, 663,671. 
 Lunatic Asylum, 472. 
 Lunn, Dr. W., 416. 
 Lunn, Miss, 474. 
 Lyceum Library, &c, 505. 
 Lyndall, Oliver, 504. 
 Lying-in-Charity, 474. 
 Mac Conkey, Rev. W., 435. 
 Mac Manus, A., 352, 521. 
 Macpherson & Co., 602. 
 Macpherson, Rev. J., 475. 
 Maddick, Captain. 215. 
 Malcolm, Jesse, 304. 
 Mc. Bride, W. P., 315. 
 Mc. Cormick, William, 663. 
 Magistrates, Chief — See Mayors. 
 Magistrates in 1836, 225. 
 Magistrates in 1803, 239. 
 Maister family, 144, 308, 376. 
 Malvern House, 620. 
 " Manchester" steamer lost, 173. 
 Manufactures and Trade, 581. 
 Manor Hall — See Suffolk Palace. 
 Manor-street and alley, 323. 
 Mansion House, 483. 
 Mapplebeck, Thomas, 29, 615. 
 Mapplethorpe, T., 433. 
 Marche, J. Bernhard, 225, 302. 
 Marillier, R. A., 338,603. 
 Market Cross (ancient), 59, 321. 
 Market House removed, 145. 
 Market-place, 321, 600, 602. 
 Markets and Fairs, 24, 25, 62, 321, 
 
 326, 606. 
 Mariners' Orphan Home, &a., 478. 
 Marris, Willows, & Smith, 602. 
 Marshall, William, 185, 624. 
 Marston Moor, battle of, 128. 
 Masonic Amateur Theatricals, 607. 
 Masonic Demonstrations, 492. 
 Masonic Lodges, 606, 671. 
 Mason, Rev. William, 447. 
 Mason, the Poet, 631. 
 Marvel, Andrew, 240, 248. 251, 261, 
 
 447, 462, 598, 605, 629. 634. 
 Marvel, Rev. Andrew, 446. 
 Maude, or Matilda de Camin, 16, 17, 
 
 4 X
 
 698 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Maw, Till, & Kirke, 601. 
 Mayfield, John, 238, 550, 553. 
 Mayors, list of, 228. 
 Mayor's Salary increased, 221. 
 Mayors of Hull Knighted, 152, 170, 
 
 189, 637. 
 Meara, William, 609. 
 Meaux, Book of (or Liber Melse"), 17. 
 Mechanics' Institute, 500, 533, 593. 
 Mechanics' Institutes, Yorkshire 
 
 Union of, 504. 
 Medicated Pomade Chryselseum, 596. 
 Members of Parliament, list of, 224. 
 M.P.'s for Hull in 1863, 260. 
 M.P.'s for Hull, distinguished, 260. 
 Melbourne, Robert E., 198, 525. 
 Meldrum, Sir John, 118, 126. 
 Melton, 661. 
 
 Merchant Adventurers, 512, 669. 
 Merchants' Guild of St. George, 63. 
 Merchants' Company and Hall, 84. 
 Merchants' Exchange and News 
 
 Room, 511, 669. 
 Merchant Tailors' Hall, 357. 
 Methodists, 424. 
 Meyer, S., 440. 
 
 Micro-Philosophical Society, 509. 
 Microscopic Society, 509. 
 Miildlemiss, Robert, 479. 
 Middleton, John, 203, 480. 
 Milner, Eev. Joseph, 376, 395, 446, 
 
 642. 
 Milne, John, 662. 
 Mint, Royal, at Hull, 29. 
 Miracle Plays or Mysteries, 614. 
 Miraculous escape, 208. 
 Moat, J. E., 403. 
 Model Dwellings, 552. 
 Monasteries : — 
 
 Black Friary, 354, 483, 466, 604, 
 606. 
 
 Carthusian Priory, 355. 
 
 Meaux Abbey, 16, 18. 
 
 White Friary, 352, 459. 
 Monk, General, 133, 138, 242. 
 Montague, Lady Mary W., 243. 
 Monmouth, Duke of, 138, 139, 248. 
 Morehead, C. R., 392. 
 Moor family, 388. 
 " Morning Telegraph " newspaper, 
 
 538. 
 Mortality, rate of, in Hull, 177, 333. 
 Mortimer, Ralph de, 16. 
 Mosely, Simeon, 440, 441, 607, 608, 
 
 668. 
 
 Moss, William Henry, 195, 225, 234, 
 
 238, 294, 340, 347, 351,473,508, 
 
 556, 562, 569, 579, 585, 586, 612, 
 
 663, 671. 
 Motler, Rev. John, 210, 444. 
 Moxon family, 304, 518, 669. 
 Moyer, Captain, 121. 
 Mud in the Docks, 297. 
 Municipal Borough, 219. 
 Municipal Corporation Act, 221. 
 Munroe, Dr. Henry, 283, 499. 
 Munroe, Mrs. Henry, 495. 
 Museums of Curiosities, 465, 498, 
 
 502, 616. 
 Musgrave, B., 497. 511, 667. 
 Musical Festivals, 378. 
 Music Hall (Alhambra), 526. 
 Music Hall (Public Rooms), 491. 
 Musical Societies, 471, 491, 492, 649, 
 
 668. 
 Myton Carr, 326. 
 Mvton Chapel, 17, 358. 
 Myton-gate, 322. 
 Myton Grange or Manor House, 18, 
 
 329. 
 Myton, Manor of, 15, 17, 24, 358. 
 Napier, Hon. and Rev. H. A., 36. 
 Navigation Iron Works, 588. 
 New Church Society, 438. 
 Newcastle, Earl and Marquis of, 104, 
 
 106, 124. 
 Newham and Hamilton, 597. 
 Newington Hall, 623. 
 Newland Park, 622. 
 Newland House. 623. 
 Newland Villa, 623. 
 Newland, 74,416. 
 Newspapers, 534. 
 New Streets, 336. 
 Nicholson, John, 191. 
 Niven, James C, 185, 478, 558, 564, 
 
 661. 
 Noah, Miracle play of, 614. 
 Norman, George, 509, 613. 
 Norman, William, 624. 
 Norman, Mrs. William, 434. 
 Normanby, Marquis of, 170, 171. 
 Norman & Smithson, 568. 588. 
 North Bridge, 76, 265. 567. 
 North Church- side, 336. 
 North Eastern Railway Co., 569. 
 Notices Relative to the Early History 
 
 of Hull— See Frost, Charles. 
 Nottingham, royal standard of 
 
 Charles I. erected there, 117.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 090 
 
 Norwood, C. M. & Co,, 280, 306. 
 
 Nunnery, 445. 
 
 Obit, 373. 
 
 Odd Fellows, C08. 
 
 O'Connell, Daniel, 105. 
 
 O'Dell, Rev. John, 418. 
 
 Offertory boxes, ancient, 376. 
 
 Officer, Edwin J., 010. 
 
 Ogle's, Harry, Tower, 268, 274, 288. 
 
 Oil Seed Crushing, 596. 
 
 Old Artillery Ground, 291. 
 
 Old Foundry, 5S8. 
 
 Oldham, James, 8, 287, 291, 292, 
 
 294, 295, 382, 422, 424, 499, 500, 
 
 568. 
 Old Women's Galas, 525. 
 Ollerenshaw, Eev. H., 420. 
 Orphan Home (Sailors'), 474. 
 Overton, Colonel, 133. 
 "Packet" (Hull) newspaper, 475, 
 
 476, 534, 538. 
 Paid M.P.'s, 248. 
 Paget, Eev. T. B., 496. 
 Palmer, Captain, 575. 
 Palmer, T. W., 177, 234, 293, 432. 
 Parker, J. C. 223, 225, 234, 376. 
 Park-street, 331. 
 Parliament street, 325. 
 Parr, Rev. R. Hemming, 210, 379. 
 Parliamentary Borough, 244. 
 Patent Bomb Lance, 594. 
 Patrick, Rev. Richard, 394. 
 Paull Battery, 274, 663. 
 Paving stones imported, 34. 
 Pearson, William Hunt, 180. 
 Pearson, Z. O, 234, 259, 348, 428, 
 
 473, 483, 496, 521, 522, 549, 560, 
 
 562, 566,579,580. 
 Peases, Hoare, & Pease, 304, 517. 
 Pease, J. R., 400, 408, 410, 416, 570, 
 
 577. 
 Pease, Lieut-Col., 211, 241, 575, 577, 
 
 063. 
 Pease, Mrs., 495. 
 Peck, Henry, & Co., 595. 
 Peck, M. C, 505. 607, 657, 660. 
 Pedestrianism, 157, 173. 
 " Pegasus," wreck of the, 172. 
 Penalty for eating flesh on fastiDg 
 
 days, 97. 
 Pendered, Rev. William, 418. 
 Pettingell, J. C, 376. 
 Pews in Churches, 361. 
 Pexton, Richard, 260, 519, 579, 662. 
 Pexton, William, 519. 
 
 Phillips, Professor, 7. 
 
 Photo-oak and Granite papers, 594. 
 
 Pickering, George, 594. 
 
 Pierrepont, Baron, 213. 
 
 Pilgrimage of Grace, 69. 
 
 Pilot and Ballast Office, 518. 
 
 Pipe Rolls, 270. 
 
 Piper, Henry, 352. 
 
 Plague, the, 60, 83, 88, 96, 130. 
 
 Plate, Corporation, 226, 227. 
 
 Players, 523. 
 
 Plotting Parlour, 605. 
 
 Plymouth Brethren, 438. 
 
 Plymouth, Earl of, 139. 
 
 Pole, Cardinal, 50. 
 
 Police Court, 241, 487, 489. 
 
 Police Force, 213, 520. 
 
 Pool, J. S., 603. 
 
 Polytechnic Exhibition, 504. 
 
 Pope John quieted the water rioters, 
 
 541. 
 Popple, Edmund, 631. 
 Popple, Miss, 450, 461. 
 Popple, Israel, 226. 
 Population of England in 1861, 2. 
 Population of Hull, 2, 672. 
 Population Statistics, 340. 
 Port of Hull Society, 474. 
 Portland House, 618. 
 Portsmouth, siege of, 110. 
 Postern-gate. 325. 
 Post Office, 514. 
 Pottery, the, 320, 330. 
 Prajtorium of the Romans, 0. 
 Prayer-books publicly burnt, 128. 
 Prebendaries, College of, 356. 
 Presbyterians, 436, 437. 
 Press-gang incidents, 147. 
 Preston's Scale, 460. 
 Preston, Rev. William, 395. 
 Prices of sheep, &c, in the 14th 
 
 century, 39. 
 Prices of ale, meat, &c, in the 15th 
 
 century, 59. 
 Priests enjoyed Knightly titles, 454. 
 Priory of St. Michael, 355. 
 Primitive Methodists, 431. 
 Princess Alice, 204. 
 Princess Royal, 196. 
 Princess' Dock, 290. 
 Prince Albert, 201, 494, 498. 
 Prince's Chambers, 304. 
 Prince of Orange, 141. 
 Prince of Wales, 171, 209, 498. 
 Prisage, 278.
 
 700 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Processions, public, 146, 158, 170, 
 
 187, 194, 210, 349, 485, 490, 493, 
 
 533, 560. 
 Promenade, new, 295. 
 Protections from impressment, 151. 
 Protestant Dissenters, 417. 
 Protestant Hall, 530. 
 " Providence," ship, 114. 
 Public Buildings, 483. 
 Public Park, 559, 620, 670. 
 Public Eooms, 490. 
 Pulsford, Rev. John, 418, 419. 
 Puritans, 90, 95. 
 Purseglove, Eobert, Bishop of Hull, 
 
 64. 
 Putfra, Nicholas, 321. 
 Pybus, William, 621. 
 Quartette Society, 471. 
 Queen Anne, 142. 
 Queen Elizabeth, 88. 
 Queen Mary, 80. 
 Queen Victoria, 167, 168, 170, 172, 
 
 180, 192, 350, 488, 494. 
 Queen's Dock, 288. 
 Queen-street, 322. 
 Queen's Theatre, 525. 
 Bagged, &c, Schools — See Schools. 
 Raikes, T. E. & Co., 314. 
 Railways : — 
 
 Hull and Selby Eailway, 572, 573. 
 
 North Eastern Eailway, 572. 
 
 Lincolnshire, Sheffield, and Man- 
 chester Eailway, 573. 
 
 Hull, and Holderness Eailway, 
 573, 670. 
 
 Hull and Hornsea Eailway, 573, 
 657, 671. 
 Railway King, 175. 
 Railway Dock, 171, 292. 
 Raines, William, 239, 489. 
 Rain, great fall of, 171. 
 Ramsey, William, 662. 
 Rateable value of the Borough, 672. 
 Ravenser Odd, 6. 
 Ravenspurne, 5, 55, 60. 
 Ray's Itinerary, 135, 266. 
 Reckitt, J., & Sons, 590. 
 Recorder of Hull, 239. 
 Reed, Walter J., 481. 
 Reeves, William, 419, 622. 
 Reform Act, 221. 
 Reform Meetings, 197. 
 Reformation, the, 65. 
 Reformatory School, 192. 
 Regalia of the Corporation, 225. 
 
 Regattas, 611. 
 
 Rejoicings, public, 133, 146, 154, 155, 
 
 157, 167, 170, 187, 194, 196, 209. 
 Religious Houses, 65, 67, 352, 360. 
 Rennardson, John, 52. 
 Returning Officer, 260. 
 Revolution Jubilee, 146. 
 Reynoldson, Thomas, 256, 475, 479, 
 
 519, 577. 
 Richardson, John, 324, 380, 382, 616, 
 
 664. 
 Richardson & Sons, 185, 487, 574, 
 
 589, 666, 667. 
 Riddell, Eev. Arthur, 444. 
 Eifie Demonstration, 576. 
 Eifle Volunteers, 574, 588. 
 Eiots respecting fresh water, 540. 
 Eingrose, C. L, 329. 
 Eingrose, C. L., Jun., 312, 618. 
 Eingrose, W. & C. L., 286, 311, 315. 
 Eiplingham, Eev. Dr., 322, 357, 373. 
 Eivers, the, 3. 
 Eivett, Henry, 566, 602. 
 Eoberts, G. C, 239, 347, 351, 581. 
 Eobinson, Jethro T., 388, 619, 666. 
 Eockingham, Marquis of, 145. 
 " Eockingham " newspaper, 538. 
 Eollitt, Mrs., 495. 
 Eome, Eev. J. L., 436. 
 Eood Screens, 373. 
 Eoses in bloom at Christmas, 662. 
 Boss, Captain Sir John, 163, 282, 
 
 498. 
 Eotenherying family, 36, 302, 319, 
 
 321,372. 
 Bousby, Thomas, 618. 
 Bowing Cubs, 612, 672. 
 Bowlston Hall, 626. 
 Eoyal Institution, 52, 492. 
 Boyal Hotel, 525. 
 Eoyal Station Hotel, 194, 225, 481, 
 
 499, 563, 572, 577, 605, 608. 
 Boyal Visits, 25, 27, 29, 37, 58, 74, 
 
 99, 107, 137, 152, 180. 
 Budersdorff, Madame, 491. 
 Eussian Company, 281, 641. 
 Eussell, John, 496. 
 Butherford, Eev. E., 425. 
 Bylands, Joseph, 582. 
 Sadler, the aeronaut, 157. 
 Sailors' Home, 476. 
 Sailors' Institute, 474. 
 Sailors' Mission, 407. 
 Sales, E. & B. T., 620. 
 Salthouse-lane, 321.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 701 
 
 Sftltmarsh, a spy, 131. 
 
 Samuelson, Martin, & Co., 199, 257, 
 
 272, 343, 684, 670. 
 Samuelson, Martin, 197, 260, 558, 
 
 577, 579, 585, 671. 
 Sanderson, Joseph, 024. 
 Sandwith, Dr., Sen., 500, 649. 
 Sandwith, Dr., Jun., J 93. 
 Sandys, Archbishop. 85, 
 Saner, Ensign, 577. 
 " Sarah and Elizabeth," ship, at- 
 tacked, 148. 
 Sattler, Rev. Wilhelm, 439. 
 Savings' Banks, 515, 518. 
 Sayer's Creek, 10, 11, 23, 55, 358. 
 Scale-lane, 24, 320. 
 Schools, Public: — 
 
 Grammar School, 445, 627, 629, 
 642. 
 
 Vicar's School, 447. 
 
 Cogan's Chanty School, 447. 
 
 British Schools, 452. 
 
 Drypool School, 450. 667. 
 
 National Schools, 448 to 452. 
 
 Catholic Schools, 445, 452. 
 
 Marine School, 465. 
 
 Sailors' Orphan School, 474. 
 
 Mariners' Orphan Schools, 478. 
 
 Eagged and Industrial Schools, 475. 
 School of Art, 507. 
 Scoresby, Rev. Dr., 280. 
 Scott, George Gilbert, 363, 365, 368. 
 Scott, Rev. John, 52, 379, 389, 390, 
 
 473, 486. 
 Scott, Rev. Thomas, 642. 
 Scott-street Works, 208, 591. 
 Sculcoates Commissioners, 490. 
 Sculcoates Gote, 10. 
 Sculcoates Hall, 489. 
 Sculcoates Poor Law Union, 482, 
 
 668. 
 Sculcoates, 16, 23, 299, 392, 664. 
 Sea-hog, 87. 
 
 Seaman, Messrs., 184, 565, 616. 
 Sergeant, Richard, 402. 
 Selkirk, Rev. James, 471, 499, 522, 
 
 559. 
 Serials published in Hull, 505. 
 Sessions Court, 484, 489. 
 Shaftesbury, Earl of, 475, 522. 
 Shannon, Rev. John, 438. 
 Sharks, 157. 
 
 Sharp, J. Fox, 239, 334, 337, 629. 
 Sheahan's History of the East Riding, 
 
 298. 
 
 Sheriffs fined, 221. 
 
 Sheriffs, list of, 234. 
 
 Shields, John, 559. 
 
 Ship Building, 583. 
 
 Ship Glory Inn, 150. 
 
 Shipman's Guild, 458. 
 
 Ship Money Tax, 96, 102. 
 
 Shipping of the Port, 285. 
 
 Ships of War built here, 583, 671. 
 
 Shops, principal, 600. 
 
 Sibree, Rev. James, 422, 559. 
 
 Sidesmen, 379. 
 
 Sidnev, Alderman, 603. 
 
 Sieges of Hull, 118, 124. 
 
 Silver-street, 24, 602. 
 
 Simnel, Lambert, 47. 
 
 Simons, Richard, 47. 
 
 Simpson, Christopher, 633, 671. 
 
 Simpson & Malone, 364, 388, 389, 
 
 405, 411, 416, 497, 523, 665, 666. 
 Simpson, James, 329. 
 Sissons, Brothers, & Co., 597. 
 Sissons, Thomas, Jun., 482. 
 Sissons, William, 272, 364, 388, 432, 
 
 599. 
 St. James-street, 330. 
 St. John's (proposed) College, 608. 
 Skelton, G. J., 183, 188, 378, 403, 
 
 405, 425, 491, 649. 
 Sleddon.F., 583. 
 Sleddon, Mrs. F., 495. 
 Sly and Pjatt, 602. 
 Smidt, organ builder, 377. 
 Smithson & Mayfield, 595. 
 Smithson & Lee, 597. 
 Smithson, George, 208. 
 Smith (Samuel), Brothers & Co., 306, 
 
 353, 517. 
 Smith, Edmund, 474. 
 Smith, James, 192, 564. 
 Smith, John Lee, 205, 557, 603, 661. 
 Smith, R. Dudley, 415, 476. 
 Sollitt, John D., 447, 449, 500, 509. 
 Somergangs Cottage, 626. 
 Somerset House, 624. 
 Somes, Joseph, 211, 259, 475, 562, 
 
 577,579. 
 Smuggling, 315. 
 
 Snetzler, organ builder, 377, 387. 
 Snow, great fall of, 171. 
 South Bridge, 568. 
 Southcoates, 327. 
 Spanish Armada, 86. 
 Spencer, Abraham, 624, 662. 
 Spencer & Gardham, 302, 584, 587.
 
 ro2 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Spence, William, 538. 
 
 Spink, John, 580. 
 
 Spinning Schools, ancient, 448. 
 
 Spratt, Major, 579. 
 
 Spurr, Thomas, 314. 
 
 Spurn Point, 137, 300. 
 
 Spring Ditch, 544. 
 
 Spring Head Waterworks, 547, 55L. 
 
 Statle and Scheldt Dues, 28 ( j, G41. 
 
 Stamp Office, 517. 
 
 Staith, meaning of, 321. 
 
 Stained glass windows introduced, 
 
 303. 
 Standidge, Sir Samuel, 149, 152, 281, 
 
 302, 389, 462, 635. 
 Stark, John M., 200, 364, 380, 602, 
 
 658. 
 State Swords, 135,226. 
 Stather, John, 594. 
 Stather, Thomas, 614. 
 Statistical Charts. 652. 
 Statue of Queen Victoria, 350. 
 Statue of William III., 533.' 
 Statue of Wilberforce, 530. 
 Statue of Ceres, 565. 
 Steam Boiler explosions, 164, 168, 
 
 204. 
 Steam Navigation, 285. 
 Steam Packet, first in England con- 
 structed here, 584. 
 Stephenson, William, 220, 222, 238, 
 
 260, 537. 
 Stepney Lodge, 620. 
 Storms — See High Winds. 
 Storry, Smithson, & Co., 597. 
 Stratten, Eev. Thomas, 421. 
 Streets in Hull, in early times, 100. 
 Street improvements (proposed), 332. 
 Street Nomenclature, 301. 
 Strickland, Captain, 126. 
 Stoneferry Water Works, 546, 553. 
 Stuart, House of, cashiered, 142. 
 Stuteville, Johanna de, the first 
 
 woman who rode on horseback 
 
 sideways, 25. 
 Subscriptions for the poor, 153, 154, 
 
 155, 156, 157, 159, 287, 686. 
 Subscription Library, 492, 496. 
 Subterraneous Forest, 298. 
 Subterraneous Passage, 267. 
 Suffolk, Earls and Dukes of, 41. 
 Suffolk Palace, 50, 76, 98, 136, 2G2, 
 
 265,417,424. 
 Suffragan Bishops, 63. 
 Sugar House, Old, 326. 
 
 Sugar Refinery, New, 592. 
 
 Sugden's Mud Hut, 330. 
 
 Summers, W. & J., 597. 
 
 Sunk Island, 7, 8, 637. 
 
 Suppressed Hospitals, 356. 
 
 Surnames first introduced, 19. 
 
 Sweating Sickness, 79. 
 
 Sweyne, Danish King of England, 16. 
 
 Sword of State presented. 75. 
 
 Swedenburg, Baron E., 436. 
 
 Sweden borgians, 438. 
 
 Swinging signs, 156. 
 
 Sydney, Sir William, 61. 
 
 Sykes, Christopher, 389, 613, 667, 668. 
 
 Sykes, Daniel, 247, 248, 313, 488, 
 
 501, 503, 533. 
 Sykes, Mrs. D., 503. 
 Sykes family, 313. 
 Sykes, Miss M. A., 473. 
 Sykes, Joseph A., 414, 416, 473, 476, 
 
 478. 
 Sykes, Sir Tatton, 473. 
 Sykes, James, 617. 
 Symons, John, 88, 256, 306, 316, 441, 
 
 481, 599, 657.602, 668. 
 Tall & Dunkerley, 597. 
 Tall, John, & Co., 174. 
 Tankards (ancient), 226. 
 Tanneries, 598. 
 Tapp & Aston, 595. 
 Tayler, Rev. G. W. H., 413. 
 Taylor, the Water-poet, 88, 317, 461. 
 Teal by & Co., 597. 
 Temperance Halls, 519. 
 Temperance Pioneer, 519. 
 Temple, Joseph, 538, 561. 
 Terry, Avison, 311, 379, 396, 400, 
 
 407, 408, 622. 
 Test Act., 138, 140. 
 Thanet House, 018. 
 Theatres, 523. 
 
 Thompson & Cook, 330, 496. 
 Thompson, J. L., 003. 
 Thompson, Major-Gen., 166, 247, 
 
 251, 305, 502, 643, 664. 
 Thompson & Stather, 507, 588. 
 Thompson, John Vincent, 502, 503. 
 Thompson, Thomas, F.S.A., 6, 305, 
 
 643. 
 Thompson, Mrs. J. V., 495, 503. 
 Thompson, Thomas, (Alderman), 
 
 182, 197, 294, 488, 510, 528, 546, 
 
 553, 582, 587, 613, 639, 655, 672. 
 Thompson, Thomas, 240, 351, 358, 
 
 383, 488, 634.
 
 INDIA. 
 
 703 
 
 Thompson, Mrs. T., 405. 
 Thompson, Thomas, P.E., 489. 
 Thomson, Christopher, 054. 
 Thorley's Food for Cattle, 591. 
 Thorney, Mrs. J. J., 570. 
 Thornton Abbey, 77. 
 Thorp, David, 272, 522. 
 Three-fingered Jack, 149. 
 Thunder Storms, 145, 205. 
 Tickell's History of Hull, 21, 74, 82, 
 
 227, 301, 375, 383. 
 Tidnl-guage, 519. 
 Timber Trade, 597. 
 Titles, 243. 
 
 Todd, C. S.. 239, 295, 559, 502, 008. 
 Todd, W. E., & Son, 597. 
 Tonnage and Poundage tax, 92. 
 Tonnage of the Port, 285. 
 Toogood, Kichard, 305, 012. 
 Town Council, 239. 
 Town Hall, 4-3, 008. 
 Town's Husband, 241. 
 Town-taking Dav, 142. 
 Trade Guilds, 512, 009. 
 Trade (Merchants') Marks, 308, 315. 
 Tradesmen's Tokens, 138, 017, 
 Trappes, Eev. Michael, 210, 444. 
 Travis, T. H., 192, 239, 241, 303, 
 
 310. 
 Trinity Benevolent Society, 008. 
 Trinity House, 457, 014, 031, 001, 
 
 071. 
 Trinity House-lane, 325. 
 Tupcoates, 329. 
 Turner, Miss, 413, 522. 
 Tutiebury, John, 229, 309. 
 Union Steamer blown up, 108. 
 Unitarians, 437. 
 United Bands Church, 439, 
 United Fishermen's Society, 008. 
 United Presbyterians, 430. 
 Usher, Dr. T. S., 482, 009. 
 Vagrants' Litany, 88. 
 Velvet prohibited, 83. 
 Venire, Court of, 489. 
 Ventilator, self-acting, 015. 
 Vickers, John, 481. 
 Victoria Dock, 292. 
 Victoria Mills, 597. 
 Victoria (Corporation) Pier, 182, 183, 
 
 290. 
 Victoria Booms, 520. 
 View of Kingston-upon-Hull, hy 
 
 Carleton Monckton, 014. 
 Vigils, 57. 
 
 Villa Bosidences, 017. 
 
 Vittoria Hotel, 103, 225, 481, 480, 
 
 548, 005. 
 Vceux, des, Lady Sophia, 579. 
 Volunteer Artillery, 579. 
 Volunteers (Bifle), 1 37, 145, 153, 154, 
 
 574. 
 Volunteers' Banquets, 577. 
 Vulcan Iron Works, 588. 
 Wade, J. A., 473, 474, 573, 071. 
 Wade, B., & Sons, 597. 
 Wakefield, battle of, 59. 
 Wake, Lord, of Cottingham, 27, 70. 
 Walker & Smith, 590. 
 Walker, Thomas, 043. 
 Waller, Bobert, 230, 340. 
 Wallett, W. F., 503. 
 Walliker, Samuel, 515, 579. 
 Wallis & Tadman, 402, 020, 024. 
 Wallis, the Antiquary, 013. 
 Wallis, Bichard & Ebenezer, 535, 537. 
 Wallis, Thomas W., 046. 
 Walsingham, Sir Francis, 86. 
 Walmsley. Bobert, & Co.. 002. 
 Walls of Hull, 201, 272, 273. 
 Walrus hide strapping, 598. 
 Waltham, Bev. Joshua, 005. 
 Walton, Captain S. S., 239, 583, 024, 
 
 038. 
 Walton, Edward, 223, 224. 
 Walton family, 038. 
 Walton, Thomas, 4, 151, 039, 657. 
 War, civil, 59, 89. 
 Wardale, William, 402, 497. 
 Wardens and Officers of Trinity 
 
 House, 400. 
 Warden, William, 547, 599. 
 Ward & Oliver. 597. 
 Ward, John, 419. 
 Ward, John, 043. 
 Ward, William, 418. 
 Ward, G. W. T., & Co., 592. 
 Warren, Samuel, 220, 239, 489. 
 Warwick, Earl of, 47. 
 Waterhouse-lane, 335. 
 Waterworks, 54, 135, 539, 069. 
 Waterworks-street, 325. 
 Wntkin, E. W., 671. 
 Watson Baron, 257, 261. 
 Watson's Hospital, 463. 
 Watson, P. W., 643. 
 Watson, Tindill, 052. 
 Waverley House, 024. 
 Waverley-street, 330. 
 Wellingtonia Gigantea, 562.
 
 704 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Wells, Robert, 239, 270, 344, 489, 5G1. 
 Wenlock, Lord, 562. 
 Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, 104. 
 Wesley, Rev. John, 424. 
 Wesleyan Methodists, 424. 
 Wesleyan Conferences held in Hull, 
 
 428. 
 West Dock, 294, 335, 663. 
 Westerdale, J. S., & Co., 597. 
 West Parade House, 624. 
 West & Hutchinson, 602. 
 West, Leonard, 331, 437, 602, 626. 
 West Riding Geological, &c, Society, 
 
 171. 
 Whales, 498. 
 
 Whale Fishery Statistics, 283. 
 Whale Fishing, 280. 
 Wharton, Captain, 562. 
 Whitaker, Charles, 225. 
 Whitebooth-roads, 148. 
 Whitefriar-gate, 23, 325, 602. 
 White Friary, 352. 
 Whitehorse-yard, 322. 
 White, Rev. J. H., 390. 
 White, William, 52, 577, 581. 
 White Hart Inn, 605. 
 White, Jem and Jackey, 150. 
 Whitfield, Matthew, 920, 638. 
 Wickstead, Rev. J. H., 403. 
 Wife-selling, 154. 
 Wigelsworth, G. V., 393. 
 Wilberforce, Alderman, 226, 532. 
 Wilberforce, Archdeacon, 407, 410, 
 
 412. 
 Wilberforce House, 305, 517. 
 Wilberforce Monument, 530. 
 Wilberforce School for the Blind, 
 
 533. 
 Wilberforce, William, 146, 247, 261, 
 
 305, 447, 532, 642. 
 Wilcoxon, Rev. A., 422. 
 Wilde, Thomas, 199. 
 
 Wilkinson, Charles, 667. 
 Wilkinson, Lieut., 577. 
 Wilkinson, Tate, 425, 524. 
 Willows, J. G. W., & Co., 591, 597. 
 Wilson, Edward S., 51, 52, 261, 264, 
 
 267, 371, 459, 609, 614, 629. 
 Wilson, Henry, 185,603. 
 Wilson, T. W., & Sons, 286. 
 Wilson, T., 473. 
 Wincolmlee, 326, 664. 
 Winkley, Captain, 578, 618. 
 Witchcraft, 86. 
 Wittie, Dr. R., 631. 
 Wittv, Thomas, 334. 
 Wolds of Yorkshire, 300. 
 W'olfenden and Melbourne, 349, 525, 
 
 526, 561. 
 Woods and Forests, Commissioners 
 
 of, 569, 585. 
 Woodward, Rev. William, 435. 
 Woolley, William, 164, 376. 
 Workhouses, 479, 482. 
 Working Men's Club, 609. 
 Worth., A Hull, 627. 
 Wright, Brothers, 315. 
 Wnght, George, 498. 
 Wright, Joseph, 434, 435. 
 Wright, Miss, 622. 
 Wright, William, 633. 
 Wyke-upon-Hull, 14, 18, 22, 25, 664. 
 Yacht Club, Royal Yorkshire, 611. 
 Yorkshire Agricultural Society, 171, 
 
 198. 
 Yorkshire Condition Powders for 
 
 Horses. 592. 
 Young & Pool, 566. 
 Young, James, 615. 
 Young, Jam^s F., 615. 
 Young People's Christian and Lite- 
 
 rary Institute, 506, 669. 
 Young, William, 624. 
 Zoological Gardens, 525, 564, 566. 
 
 bl 
 
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