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PKOSPECTUS, 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURYEY AND REPORT 
 
 /] 
 GREGORY 
 
 GREGORY DISTRICT, 
 
 COLORADO TERRITORY. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 1 863. 
 
GRE GORY 
 
 G-OJL.D MINING- COMPANY, 
 
 OF COLORADO. 
 ORGANIZED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 CAPITAL STOCK, $1,000^00,^^000 SHARES, PAR VALUE $50. 
 -* i- t-t 
 
 TRUSTEES. 
 
 EDWARD MOTT ROBINSON OF WM. T. COLEMAN & Co. 
 
 EDWARD RO WE PRESIDENT OF GROCERS' BANK. 
 
 A. W. GREENLEAF, OF A. W. GREENLEAF & Co. 
 
 JOHN SIMPKINS OF NEW YORK. 
 
 JOHN LEIGHTON OF BOSTON. 
 
 MOSES B. WILDES, OF BOSTON. 
 
 ALFRED LOCKWOOD, '. . OF LOCKWOOD & NORRIS. 
 
 W. H. STARBUCK, OF STARBUCK & Co. 
 
 LEWIS N. TAPPAN, . OF TAPPAN & Co.. COLORADO. 
 
 O F IP I C E R S . 
 
 PRESIDENT. 
 
 A. W. GREENLEAF. 
 
 VICE PRESIDENT AND TREASURER. 
 
 ALFRED LOCKWOOD 
 
 SECRETARY. 
 
 THOMAS WILDES. 
 
 COUNSEL. 
 
 WARREN G. BROWN. 
 
PROSPECTUS AND REPORT 
 
 GREGORY GOLD MINING COMPANY 
 
 COLORADO. 
 
 This Company was organized in due form under 
 the laws of the State' of New York, on the twelfth 
 day of October, A. D. 1863, to wit: 
 
 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE 
 OF THE STATE 
 Albany 
 
 Y OF STATE \ 
 
 OF NEW YORK, 
 7, Oct. 14th, 1863. j 
 
 I hereby certify that the Certificate of Incorporation 
 of the Gregory Gold Mining Company, of Colorado, 
 was duly filed in the office this day, and that a ten cent 
 stamp (U. S. Revenue) was affixed to said certificate, 
 
 and duly cancelled. 
 
 J. WESLEY SMITH, 
 
 Deputy Secretary of State. 
 
 The property of the Company is described in the 
 accompanying maps, and in the following Geological 
 Survey and Report, by C. P. Williams, Esq., author of 
 
Reports on the following named mines : Perkiomen, 
 Michipicoten, Mandan, Winthrop, Madison, and the 
 Boston and Lake Superior Mineral Lands. 
 
 To THE TRUSTEES OF THE GREGORY MINING COMPANY: 
 
 Gentlemen Whilst in Colorado, in April and May 
 last, I examined, at your request, the property of the 
 " Gregory Gold Mining Company," and have now the 
 honor of reporting to you the results of my observa- 
 tions. 
 
 MEANS OF ACCESS TO, AND- SITUATION OF THE 
 PROPERTY. 
 
 The property of the Gregory Gold Mining Company, 
 which comprises in all over two thousand feet of vein- 
 length, together with several important and valuable 
 tunnel-claim rights, three thousand feet of water-power 
 and a superior quartz mill, is mostly situate in the heart 
 of the Gregory district, being between Central City 
 and Black-Hawk Point, (two thriving towns of Gil- 
 pin County,) and the remainder on South Clear 
 Creek, all in Colorado Territory. It is distant nearly 
 forty miles west from Denver, the chief city of the 
 Territory, and is reached by two and a half day's travel 
 from New York, by rail to Atchison, Kansas, and 
 thence six day's travel by a daily line of coaches, 
 carrying the United States Mail, passengers, and 
 express, to Colorado. 
 
The following are the specific details of the posses- 
 sions of the Company : 
 
 One mill site on North Clear Creek, near Black- 
 Hawk Point, together with a superior steam quartz 
 mill, with office and other buildings. 
 
 Three building lots, measuring forty feet by one 
 hundred feet each, fronting on the above mentioned 
 mill site. 
 
 All of gold mining claims (one hundred feet each), 
 numbers nine, ten, and eleven, east on the Fisk Lode, 
 and also the east fifty feet on claim number sixteen, 
 east on said lode together with an undivided half in- 
 terest in a road leading to said claims. 
 
 Fifty feet each of claims numbers three and sixteen, 
 and two claims of one hundred feet each, being 
 numbers seventeen and thirty, west on the Bobtail 
 Lode. 
 
 Fifty feet of claim number seven, west on the Cotton 
 Lode. 
 
 Fifty feet of claim number one, east on the Galena 
 Lode. 
 
 Four hundred feet on the Gregory Extension Lode, 
 
 Fifty feet of claim number one east on the Michi- 
 gan Lode. 
 
 East fifty feet on claim number four, east on the 
 Tucker Lode. 
 
 Four hundred feet on the Gregory Second Lode 
 (known as the Tascher Tunnel Claims). 
 
Eight hundred feet, being claims numbers one, two, 
 three, four, five, six, seven, and eight, east on the 
 Torrington Lode. 
 
 One hundred feet, being claim number one, west 
 on the Waterport Lode. 
 
 Two hundred feet, being claims numbers nine and 
 ten, west on the Elephant Lode. 
 
 One hundred feet on the Whale Lode, known as 
 the Discovery Claim. 
 
 Twenty-two hundred feet of water-power on South 
 Clear Creek. 
 
 Nine hundred feet of water-power in Grass Valley, 
 on South Clear Creek. 
 
 Seven hundred and fifty feet of Bar Mining Claims 
 on South Clear Creek. 
 
 Six shares, of one thousand dollars each, of the 
 capital stock of the Corporation styled the Bobtail 
 Tunnel Company. 
 
 One tunnel claim and privileges, located in the 
 same hill as the " Bobtail Tunnel," and five hundred 
 feet distant from the same. 
 
 One tunnel claim and privileges situated near the 
 junction of North Clear Creek and Chase's Gulch, 
 intended to open up another series of gold-bearing 
 veins. 
 
 One hundred feet, being claim number two, west 
 on the Enterprise Lode. (Extension of the Running 
 Lode. 
 
GEOLOGICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES AND 
 VEIN-PHENOMENA. 
 
 The claims have been judiciously selected, compris- 
 ing possessions on the most noted veins of the region, 
 such as the Bobtail, Cotton, Fisk, Gregory Second and 
 Gregory extension lodes, which have given results 
 seldom equalled and never excelled in the history of 
 mining operations ; the value and permanency in 
 depth of their richness being indicated, to a strong 
 degree of positiveness, by the facts developed by 
 vigorous exploitations on them. 
 
 In general terms, these metalliferous occurrences, as 
 well as all others of the Colorado gold region, are to be 
 described as true or fissure veins, having a course of 
 N. N. E. and S. S. W. with a great angle of dip to the 
 N. N. W. The walls, or inclosing rocks, are in most 
 instances of granite ; the geological formation of the 
 country being made up of heavy masses of that rock, 
 intercalated with micaceous, hornblendic and argillaceous 
 slates. It is a fact of much encouragement to those 
 interested in operations in this region that the bounding 
 rocks of the veins are so well defined in character, the 
 mineral lodes or their contents never losing themselves 
 in the rocks of the country, but being plainly separated 
 therefrom by marked walls, between which all the 
 metallic ores and vein-stones of the region are contained. 
 This remarkable degree of regularity in and parallelism 
 of their lodes are excellent indications of their persist- 
 ency in their depth, as all analogy plainly teaches. 
 
 The gangue, or vein-stone, of the lodes is a coarsely 
 
granular quartz, intimately mixed with iron and copper 
 pyrites and, in a few cases, with galena, or sulphid of 
 lead; this latter being invariably argentiferous in a 
 marked degree. It appears that in most of the veins 
 the sulphid of iron is in a great measure replaced 
 in depth by the yellow sulphid of copper, and that 
 in direct relation to this replacement the contents of 
 the vein-fissures become more highly auriferous ; an 
 important point upon which I fully satisfied myself by 
 direct chemical assay, as well as by collecting details of 
 the yields of the vein -stuff, at various crushing mills. 
 The veins vary in thickness from a mere seam up to 
 some twenty feet, with the intimate mixture of ore and 
 gangue throughout the whole width. This variation in 
 the thickness of the veins is often an annoying 
 circumstance, more especially when the continuation of 
 the lode is only marked by a thin seam of ore and vein- 
 stone. Under such circumstances, in the local parlance 
 of the country, the vein is said to have "capped over" 
 and the wall-rock is denominated the " cap." In many 
 instances, in opening mines, this cap or unproductive 
 rock has proven a serious barrier in sinking shafts, and 
 operations on rich and profitable veins have been 
 abandoned or suspended for want of sufficient capital to 
 work through and reach a point in depth where the 
 vein again widens out, for it has been demonstrated that 
 by following the lode in either a vertical or horizontal 
 direction the walls again open, and that, when the cap 
 has been cut through, the vein in depth carries richer 
 and more productive ores. 
 
 The topographical features of the district are of a 
 
9 
 
 character to be exceedingly favorable to the economical 
 working of the mines. A series of irregularly disposed 
 hills, separated by narrow valleys, and rising above 
 these latter, at an angle of about twenty-five degrees, to 
 a height ranging from five hundred to a thousand feet, 
 afford fine facilities for the advantageous working and 
 un watering of the veins by deep 
 
 ADITS OR TUNNELS. 
 
 By a law regulating such tunnel claims, the parties 
 driving the gallery are entitled to two hundred and fifty 
 feet, horizontal measure, from each side of the tunnel, 
 upon the course of any lode that may be cut, and to the 
 privilege of working the same to an indefinite depth. 
 
 Included in the property of the Gregory Gold 
 Mining Company are two such tunnel claims, besides 
 an interest of six shares in a third, which will intersect, 
 at various depths, some of the most valuable lodes of 
 the district, as well as show, in all probability, the 
 existence of other valuable gold-bearing deposits. Two 
 of these tunnels are through the famous Bobtail Hill, 
 one of them being in but a few feet whilst the other has 
 already been driven some two hundred feet, and is now 
 being rapidly pushed toward completion by some of the 
 heaviest capitalists and most successful miners of the 
 region. The advantages of these are too apparent to 
 any one familiar with the system of working mines by 
 deep adits to require any further notice in this report. 
 I will, however, state that these tunnels will cut the 
 Jenny Lind, Wells, Ground Hog, Culvert, Fisk, 
 2 
 
10 
 
 Michigan, Jersey, Cotton, Bobtail, Nemaha, and Bluff 
 lodes. The work already done on them has added 
 three new veins to the list of those now known to occur 
 in the line of the tunnels. 
 
 SPECIAL DESCRIPTION OF VEINS. 
 
 FISK LODE. The rights of your Company are 
 vested in three hundred and fifty feet of this vein. 
 Considerable labor has been expended, with very 
 encouraging results. This lode is generally considered 
 one of the very richest in the mountains. The finest 
 specimens of quartz and gold have been taken out of 
 this lode. Mr. Shumer, who has been for some 
 time past engaged in working the Fisk on claim 
 No. 1, S. W., thus speaks of his results: "In 
 January, 1859, there were taken out, by sluice 
 and pan, about $3,000, some of the dirt paying as 
 much as $15 to the pan. From six bushels, $96, 
 exclusive of headings and tailings, were taken. In 
 
 1860, while still working on surface rock, the yield 
 was $578 to the cord. The decomposed vein-stuff 
 was cut through at a depth of thirty feet, the iron 
 pyrites being then struck at a point where the vein 
 had a width of eight feet, and where it yielded from 
 $150 to $400 to the cord without any selection. In 
 
 1861, the vein had closed up again, but the cap had 
 a thickness of twelve feet only ; on entering the vein- 
 stuff again, it gave a yield ranging between $100 and 
 $400 to the cord." It must be borne in mind that these 
 results have been obtained with the very imperfect 
 
11 
 
 system of treatment still in use in the Territory, by 
 which fully sixty per cent of the yield is wasted in the 
 tailings. The improvements in the processes now being 
 introduced, by which most of the yield can be saved, 
 will give still better results ; for assays made of the 
 vein-matter from the Fisk show it to be of the very 
 richest description. One of the tunnels, before de- 
 scribed, will intersect this vein near the western limit of 
 your three hundred feet, at a depth of two hundred and 
 seventy feet from the surface of the hill, after having 
 been driven in about three hundred feet. This will 
 give a rich back of stoping ground, which will be 
 unwatered without necessitating any pumping, and the 
 product from which can be most economically and 
 expeditiously handled through the adit or tunnel level. 
 THE COTTON LODE is apparently a branch or fissure 
 line, subordinate to that of the Bobtail, and most 
 probably intersects the main vein in the immediate 
 vicinity of the shaft on claim No. 3 of that lode. 
 According to the phenomena of the intersection of 
 mineral veins in the most classical mining region, an 
 enrichment of contents is almost without exception 
 found to be the case. You will be safe in expecting 
 at this point of intersection, that a concentration of 
 ore will take place, and that, either in one or both 
 of the veins, heavy masses of it will be found. In 
 character, the vein-stuff of the Cotton approximates 
 very closely to that from the Bobtail, being very 
 highly cupriferous and rich in the purple copper 
 ore (erubescite). Its yield is said to compare most 
 favorably with that of the Bobtail lode, but on this 
 
12 
 
 point I cannot speak authoritively ; but can only say 
 that the most experienced miners universally express 
 a high opinion of the value of the Cotton ; and, as 
 far as my personal knowledge predicated upon the 
 regularity and general character of the vein-matter 
 permits me to speak with a degree of positiveness, 
 I can cheerfully and candidly indorse that high 
 opinion. 
 
 GALENA AND MICHIGAN LODES. I did not examine 
 the workings on any of the claims of these and some 
 other lodes, and can therefore assert nothing of their 
 characters and values. 
 
 GREGORY EXTENSION LODE. This is a north-easterly 
 prolongation of the famous Gregory vein, the earliest 
 opened and worked in the region and one of the most 
 productive, presenting all its characteristic features 
 and being of equal richness. The claims of the 
 Gregory Gold Mining Company on it are very 
 advantageously situated for the economical exploita- 
 tion of any mine that may be opened on them, being 
 in close proximity to the stamping mill. The vein is 
 developed to the maximum depth of one hundred and 
 ten feet, is a well denned and promising one, having 
 a mean width of three feet. The vein-matter has 
 been treated to some extent in the stamp mill and 
 gave an average yield of about $300 per cord. In 
 some instances, however, the results were even better 
 than this, amounting to upwards of $700 per cord of 
 ore. 
 
LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF WORKINGS ON GREGORY 2"? LODE 
 WHITE PORT/ONS REPRESENT GftOU.VD STOPED. 
 
 SoaJe,50 feet - I infch. 
 
13 
 
 GREGORY SECOND LODE. The accompanying dia- 
 gram will represent the extent of the openings in this 
 vein, a parallel one with the Gregory and named 
 from its resemblance of its vein-stuff to that from it. 
 
 The vein-matter of these openings, (which, as can 
 be seen by the Diagram, has been sufficiently extensive 
 to show the~ value of the vein), yielded two hundred 
 to three hundred dollars per cord. Following is a 
 statement of the proprietors of the Idahoe Mill, who 
 crushed quartz from your mine : 
 
 This is to certify, that in the month of September, 
 186'^, we, the undersigned, then doing a Milling 
 business in Gregory District, did crush the Iron Pyrites 
 from the Tunnel known as the Gregory Second or 
 Tascher Tunnel, the result of which was, as taken from 
 our book kept at the time, three hundred and eighty- 
 three T 4 ^ dollars to one and three-fourths cords, or two 
 hundred and nineteen -f^ dollars per cord. 
 
 CABBINE, SUBER & TESSON. 
 
 Attest : 
 WM. TRAIN Mum. 
 
 JULY 2, 1863. 
 
 STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL MINERS. 
 
 This is to certify that we, the undersigned, have 
 worked during the year 1862, on what is commonly 
 known as the Gregory Second or " Tascher Tunnel," 
 and at the time of its being worked it was in good 
 working condition, and that the iron, or quartz, was 
 
14 
 
 more than thirty inches wide and at a depth of one 
 hundred and forty feet. We further state that the 
 shafts are through the cap rock, and that the Tunnel is 
 now in working condition, being down more than one 
 hundred and forty feet in two shafts, making a drift of 
 about one hundred feet. Given under our hands and 
 seals, this second day of July, A. D. 1863. 
 
 WILLIAM BURK. [i. s.] 
 
 JOHN TIERNEY. [i. s.] 
 
 Attest : 
 
 ROSWELL HUTCHINS. 
 
 COLOBADO, MAY IST, 1863. 
 
 This is to certify, that we, the undersigned, have 
 worked the mine known as the Tascher Tunnel, the 
 same being located on the Gregory Second Lode, and 
 that we have obtained from said mine thirty thousand 
 dollars during the time which we worked it, being 
 about five or six months. 
 
 The said mine is now in excellent condition, and 
 must produce large pay. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 DALTON & BATES. 
 
 THE GALENA LODE has for some time been exploited 
 for the Galena or sulphid of lead contained in it, 
 as well as for the iron and copper pyrites all 
 containing gold to a greater or less extent. It is 
 one of the best defined lodes in Colorado, being con- 
 tained plainly between walls of granite, which are 
 
15 
 
 polished, and separated from the vein-matter by flucans 
 of pure white argillaceous matter. Everywhere these 
 flucans are regarded as an indication of good lodes, 
 and are phenomena peculiar to true or fissure veins 
 which have never been exhausted or sensibly dimin- 
 ished in richness at any depth yet attained in mining 
 operations. 
 
 BOBTAIL LODE. The results obtained by opera- 
 tions on this vein are of the most brilliant character. 
 It has therefore come to be regarded as the most 
 valuable mineral occurrence yet opened in Colorado 
 Territory. Your interests are in claims three, sixteen, 
 seventeen, and thirty, on the first of which a shaft has 
 been sunk to the depth of ninety feet through good 
 productive ground, developing a vein with an average 
 width of nearly five feet. The remaining three claims 
 have not been worked. An adjoining one, that belong- 
 ing to Mr. Field, has been successfully and profitably 
 mined, producing vein-stuff which has given an average 
 yield of some two hundred and sixty dollars per cord 
 (of one hundred and twenty-eight cubic feet), without 
 preliminary assorting. The cost of mining this amount 
 of ground may be summed up as follows : 
 
 Men's wages per cord of ore 846 75 
 
 Powder, fuse, candles, etc., per cord 7 04 
 
 Total $53 79 
 
 The expenses attending the treatment of the same 
 amount of ore in the stamping mill, and the extraction 
 
16 
 
 of the gold by the ordinary processes in use, are as 
 follows : 
 
 Men's wages per cord . . . . ....... $11 00 
 
 Fuel " " . ...... .... 5 50 
 
 Oil, Candles, etc., per cord .......... 125 
 
 Wear and tear " " .......... 3 00 
 
 Total ............... $20 75 
 
 Or, in the aggregate : 
 
 Mining one cord of ore .......... $53 79 
 
 Stamping and amalgamating ......... 20 75 
 
 Total cost $74 54 
 
 Leaving a margin for profit of about one hundred and 
 eighty-five dollars for every cord of vein-stuff removed 
 from this lode. 
 
 THE MILL PROPERTY belonging to your Company 
 is situated on North Clear Creek, near Black-Hawk 
 adjacent to the mining property and in the heart of 
 Gregory district. It is a commodious and substantially 
 constructed building, containing twelve heads of stamps, 
 each head weighing five hundred pounds. The effective 
 power of the mill, in its present condition, is equal to 
 one and a quarter or one and a half cords of quartz per 
 day.* The engine is in excellent running order and will 
 perform good duty. An ample supply of water can be 
 obtained from the stream running through the gulch. 
 In fact, during certain months of the year, so abundant 
 is this supply that it will furnish sufficient power to 
 drive the stamps, should it be thought desirable. The 
 amalgamating plates and other apparatus are all in 
 
 * The capacity of the mill will be increased so as to crush six cords per day. 
 
17 
 
 excellent condition. The location of the mill is such as 
 to necessitate the hauling of the products of the veins 
 for only a short distance ; in fact, one of the veins, 
 the Gregory Extension, lies directly under the mill. 
 This is an important consideration, since, in many 
 instances in the country, the cost of hauling the ore 
 from the mines to the mill amounts to sixteen dollars 
 per cord. It may be well to state that an excellent 
 road has already been constructed from Black Hawk to 
 your property on the Bobtail Hill, the expenses of 
 which have been equally borne by your Company and 
 one other. 
 
 From the above facts, given in relation to the yield of 
 the lodes, it will be seen that by skilful management, 
 the employment of sufficient capital, and a due regard 
 for the principles of mining economics, the chances of 
 successfully opening profitable mines are of the most 
 promising character. 
 
 I know of no claims upon which, an equal amount of 
 work being performed, the chances are any better, and 
 none which are more worthy of a thorough and 
 systematic exploitation. 
 
 Congratulatiug the stockholders upon the great value 
 of this property, I remain 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 CHARLES P. WILLIAMS, 
 
 Chemist and Mining Geologist. 
 
18 
 
 LODES AND CLAIMS. 
 
 A lode is a vein or fissure, extending from the 
 surface to an indefinite depth, being nearly perpen- 
 dicular. On the surface, they vary from a few inches 
 to many feet in width. These lodes are divided into 
 sections of one hundred feet in length, called " claims," 
 and numbered from the claim on which gold was first 
 discovered. To show the value of some of the claims, 
 we would refer to the experience of Mr. John F. Field, 
 who has taken over two hundred thousand dollars from 
 a claim of only thirty-three feet. It is now considered 
 as valuable as it ever was. In fact, the almost invaria- 
 ble experience is, that the deeper a claim is mined the 
 richer is the quartz. 
 
 METHOD OF MINING AND EXTRACTING GOLD 
 FROM THE ORE. 
 
 The most economical method of mining is by means 
 of tunnelling into the mountain in a horizontal direction, 
 striking the lodes or veins at a great depth from the 
 surface ; but the more general method is to sink shafts 
 (usually five by ten feet) perpendicularly from the surface, 
 on the lode, and lifting the gold-bearing quartz by 
 by means of a windlass or steam power. The quartz 
 is taken to the mills and fed to the stamps (each 
 weighing 500 pounds) as fast as required ; when pul- 
 verized, it flows with the water through fine wire 
 screens or sieves out upon tables covered with sheet 
 copper, the copper being first washed with quicksilver. 
 
19 
 
 As it passes down these long tables the quicksilver takes 
 up the small particles of gold and the sand or " tail- 
 ings " flow off ; the amalgam is then scraped off the 
 table and retorted, the quicksilver passing off from the 
 gold in the form of a vapor and is condensed and again 
 used upon the tables. 
 
 NEW AND STARTLING IMPROVEMENTS. By the above 
 described process the miners have so far saved but a 
 small proportion of the gold contained in the quartz. 
 The tailings have been proved to contain a large 
 amount of gold, and considerable attention has been 
 directed to the subject of how to prevent this loss. 
 
 By the new process, the " Friesburgh or Washoe 
 pans," the tailings have been found to pay better than 
 the original quartz. The tailings are now all saved by 
 the miners, and large returns are being obtained from 
 them. Mines which have paid well when but a small 
 proportion of the gold has been saved, must clearly pay 
 handsomely upon the introduction of the new inven- 
 tions. 
 
 The following will illustrate the value and impor- 
 tance of the new process. Mr. Sykes, a practical 
 miner, informs us that a lot of inferior tailing from 
 quartz was made to yield, by the new process, $669.20, 
 when the original quartz paid but $230 ; thus this large 
 percentage was saved from tailing which a year 
 ago would have been thrown away as worthless. This 
 new discovery completely revolutionizes the art of min- 
 ing, greatly enhancing the value of mines, and materi- 
 ally adding to the amount of shipments of the precious 
 metal. 
 
20 
 
 GOLD. 
 
 The gold crop of Colorado has steadily and rapidly 
 increased, as follows : For the year 1861, six millions 
 of dollars ; 1862, eleven millions ; and during the 
 present year the yield is in proportion of over twenty 
 millions of dollars per annum. 
 
 This domain which so unexpectedly and perpetually 
 contributes millions of dollars to the machinery of trade 
 and wealth of the world, gradually restoring the cur- 
 rency to a metallic basis, was, up to within the last 
 five years, uninhabited and contributing nothing 
 either by taxable property or its products to the 
 United States Treasury. At the present time, it is 
 the only mining region on the continent, contributing 
 an equal amount of revenue, that is not effected by 
 foreign capital. Every dollar is invested by Americans, 
 and, until the present year, by residents of the Terri- 
 tory. The production of gold is a subject of impor- 
 tance, not only for its financial and commercial aspects, 
 but in its political and social relation. Although the 
 foreign capitalist is not represented in Colorado, foreign 
 bone and sinew are. In the front ranks of progress, 
 represented by immigration, we find representatives 
 from most every part of the old world. The enormous 
 premium on gold, the improved facilities in the 
 process for extracting the precious metal from the 
 ore, all tend to invite the attention of the working 
 classes as well as capitalists to the new land of gold. 
 
 It should be remembered that Colorado is interme- 
 diate between the oceans, in the very heart of the 
 
21 
 
 American continent, loyal and true to the Federal 
 Government, as inseparable and firm to the Union 
 as her towering peaks are with the continent which 
 supports them in their grandeur. Foreign wars may 
 desolate and wrench from us the gold-producing State 
 of the Pacific, already she is flanked on either side 
 by foreign and antagonistic powers, busily engaged 
 in erecting naval depots and evincing a preparation for 
 war. With Colorado it would be as difficult to drive 
 her people out of the mountain fastnesses, as it has 
 been to drive the natives of Switzerland from their 
 homes. 
 
 THE UNITED STATES BRANCH MINT, established in 
 Denver City, is already in successful operation. No 
 risk is feared in the shipment of gold to New York, 
 from the fact that certificates of deposit are given which 
 are drafts on any U. S. Mint, payable in gold on 
 presentation. 
 
 The following extract is from Gov. EVANS' MESSAGE TO THE 
 LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF COLORADO. 
 
 " Before closing, however, allow me to congratulate 
 you upon the rapidly accumulating evidences of the 
 natural resources of Colorado Territory. To the extent 
 and richness of her mines, to the exceedingly nutritious 
 pasturage of her plains, and the fertility of her valleys, 
 I may be allowed to make a passing reference. 
 
 "It is estimated by those best informed on the 
 subject, that the gold product of the present will be at 
 
22 
 
 least double that of any former year ; * and that the 
 gold mining country has as yet been but partially 
 prospected. New and rich discoveries are constantly 
 being made ; the art of mining is daily being improved 
 nd adapted to the peculiarities of our mines ; while an 
 annual increase of the home supply of the necessaries 
 of life is tending to diminish the expense of living * * 
 
 ' The ore is principally composed of the sulphuret of 
 iron (iron pyrites). That which yields twelve dollars 
 per ton pays expenses. That in most of the lodes now 
 worked, pays on an average three times that amount, 
 while in some instances it yields one hundred and fifty, 
 two hundred, and even as high as five hundred dollars 
 per ton, treated by the stamping process. This ore 
 yields, upon analysis, from three to six times as much 
 gold as can be saved by the crushers, giving in some 
 instances even what appears to be fabulous results. f A 
 rule in working the mines that seems to be very 
 uniform, and commands general confidence among 
 miners, is, that the deeper the mine is penetrated, the 
 richer the ore becomes. 
 
 *A careful inquiry as to the present product of the mills and mines in a circle 
 of three miles in the Gregory district, places it at $95,000 per week, or at a rate 
 of nearly $5,000,000 per annum ; and it is said to be steadily increasing. [Esti- 
 mate for 1861.] [The product of the Colerado Mines for the year 1862, was 
 $12,000,000. At the present time, the yield is at the rate of $18,000,000 per 
 annum.] 
 
 fDr. D. W. King, of Empire City, Ass't Surgeon 2d Reg't Col. Vols., has 
 made many analyses of this ore, using one oz. of pulverized pyrites each time, 
 with results varying from three hundred and twenty to two thousand two hun- 
 dred and forty dollars per ton. Other analyses, with equally favorable results, 
 have been reported to me as having been made by various other parties. 
 
23 
 
 PROFITS OF MINING. 
 
 It is contemplated to increase the present number of 
 stamps to fifty, and to introduce about twenty Friesburgh 
 pans. By means of the increase of stamps alone the 
 estimated annual profit, on the basis of Mr. Williams' 
 report, will be over $300,000 ; calculating the quartz 
 yielding only $175 per cord, we have a profit of over 
 $150,000 per annum; and should the "new process" 
 save a hundred per cent more gold than the stamping 
 process does (as it is generally believed it will), the 
 yield would be immense.* In none of the above cal- 
 culations has the premium on gold been taken into 
 consideration. The above estimate is also made on ore 
 yielding two hundred and fifty dollars per cord, or 
 thirty -one dollars per ton. The following analysis, by 
 Prof. Kent, of the U. S. Assay Office, N. Y., proves 
 that some of the ore is almost fabulously rich. 
 
 NEW YORK, June 10, 1863. 
 GREGORY GOLD MINING Co : 
 
 The samples of gold ores from Colorado, assayed for 
 you this day, contained as follows : 
 
 Mint value per ton,] of 2000 Ibs. 
 
 Bobtail Lode $714 46 
 
 * By a sworn statement of Messrs. Lee, Judd & Lee, whose principal mines 
 are on the same lodes as the Gregory Company's, we learn that their net profits in 
 gold, for six months ending July 1st, was $67,191.00. The value of uncrushed 
 quartz on hand is estimated at three hundred and twenty thousand dollars. 
 
 f In Colorado, quartz is generally estimated by the cord, weighing from eight 
 to ten tons. 
 
Gregory Extension 224 88 
 
 Gregory 2d 155 09 
 
 Fisk Lode 341 21 
 
 The sample marked " Bobtail " contains also twenty- 
 eight per cent of pure copper. The gold in these ores 
 is in very fine particles, not visible to the naked eye. 
 
 Yours, very respectfully, 
 
 EDWARD N. KENT. 
 
 [Extract from Prof. Kent's Letter to Boston Mining Company.] 
 
 ASSAYS OF COLORADO ORES BY PROF. EDWARD N. 
 KENT, OF THE U. S. ASSAY OFFICE, NEW YORK. 
 
 " During my stay in Colorado I made several assays 
 of mill products, the results of which appeared to be 
 almost incredible. I have therefore repeated the assays 
 since my return upon twenty-five different samples 
 which I brought home with me. These assays have 
 corroborated those made before (under rather unfavor- 
 able circumstances, incident to a new country), and I 
 have found the average value of the mill products, as 
 now made, to be as follows : 
 
 Tailings, $34.74 per ton of 2,000 Ibs. 
 Blanketings, $86.84 " " 
 
 Panmngs, $3.31 per lb., avoidupois. 
 
 As to the extent of the gold mines of Colorado, I 
 am not prepared to give an estimate, as I found enough 
 to fully employ my time within a radius of five miles of 
 Central City, but as to the richness of them, I have no 
 hesitation in saying that I believe them to be the richest 
 ever discovered. With science, capital, and a Pacific 
 
25 
 
 railroad, Colorado is destined, in my opinion, to rival or 
 supersede California and Australia, and become the El 
 
 Dorado of the West. 
 i 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 Your ob't servant, 
 
 EDWARD N. KENT." 
 
 OPINION OF MESSRS. LYON, PULLMAN & CO. 
 
 CENTRAL CITY, COLORADO TERRITORY, 
 MAY 12, 1863. 
 
 The " Bobtail and Gregory " lodes are at present re- 
 garded as the most productive and profitable mines of 
 this district. These two lodes, as far as they have been 
 worked, have had the benefit of a greater amount of 
 capital than most other lodes, and have therefore been 
 developed to a greater exent, and, in most instances, 
 with highly remunerative results. 
 
 The Fiske lode has been known, almost from its dis- 
 covery, as a very rich lode, and has produced a consid- 
 erable amount of gold. Its productiveness has been 
 very much retarded by the general want of capital in 
 this country. We regard it as prospectively one of the 
 richest lodes in this section. Its situation in the imme- 
 diate vicinity of the two noted lodes above named, 
 would seem to indicate a certainty as to its richness 
 when properly worked. 
 
 The same may be said of the " Bates," " Hunter," 
 " Mammoth," " Gregory 2d," " Gregory Extenson," and 
 
 4 
 
26 
 
 other lodes, all of which are on the same ranges of 
 hills, and of the same geological formation. In judging 
 of the value of our mines, the important fact needs al- 
 ways to be borne in mind, that few of the above lodes 
 have been developed to any great depth ; but in all 
 instances, when sufficient depth has been reached, these 
 lodes have paid well. As our mining interests here are, 
 past all doubt, a success in the aggregate, we look upon 
 the lodes we have named, as well as upon many others 
 in this region, as being valuable property, requiring only 
 capital, time, and judicious management, to answer the 
 high expectations of their respective owners. 
 
 The confidence and energy of the early settlers in this 
 Territory, are gradually overcoming all obstacles, and the 
 capital will eventually be made here, sufficient to place 
 this in the front rank of the mining countries of the 
 world. 
 
 There is ample room here for large and profitable in- 
 vestment, and a general cordiality of feeling at its intro- 
 duction. Conflicting interests in the ownership of claims 
 are not greater than is usual in all new countries. There 
 is nothing to interfere with investments, whether made 
 by old settlers or by strangers. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 Your ob'dt servant, 
 
 LYON, PULLMAN & CO. 
 
27 
 
 4 
 
 OPINION OF JUDGE HALL. 
 
 Of the mineral wealth of Gregory District (in which 
 the Gregory Company's mill and a large proportion of 
 their mines are situated), the following evidence is given : 
 I am acquainted with many of the claims of the Greg- 
 ory Mining Company and know they are regarded in 
 Colorado as being very valuable. They are upon 
 and in the immediate vicinity of the lodes from 
 which the greater part of the gold produced in Col- 
 orado has been taken. 
 
 (Signed) BENJ. F. HALL, 
 
 Late Chief Justice of Colorado. 
 
 FROM PROF. E. N. KENT, OF THE U. S. ASSAY OFFICE, 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 NEW YORK, September 26, 1863. 
 LEWIS N. TAPPAN, ESQ., 
 
 DEAR SIR : The sample of Colorado ore marked 
 " Bobtail Lode," assayed for you this day, contains 
 gold to the value of $387 '-Li per ton of 2000 Ibs. 
 
 The four samples marked " Bobtail, Gregory Ex- 
 tension, Cotton and Fisk Lodes," mixed together in 
 equal proportion, gives an average sample which con- 
 tains gold to the value of $116 - - 2 - per ton. 
 
 In reply to your note accompanying these samples, 
 I have to state that I believe the gold mines of Colorado 
 to be the richest in the world, and that the Gregory 
 District contains the richest lodes which have been 
 developed. 
 
28 
 
 The ores, however, contain several other metals 
 besides gold, and consequently the application of 
 science and improved methods of working are neces- 
 sary to separate the gold in the most profitable manner. 
 
 Yours, very respectfully, 
 
 EDWARD N. KENT, Chemist. 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM OFFICIAL REPORTS. 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF THE UNITED STATES GEN- 
 ERAL LAND OFFICE. 
 
 "Quartz that yields $12 per ton will pay in favora- 
 ble localities, but there are veins now worked that will 
 yield from $20 to $500 per ton, and some that will 
 yield from $500 to $2,000 per ton. Mines that barely 
 paid at the surface, are yielding enormous profits at a 
 depth of 150 'to 200 feet. The value of the mines is 
 absolutely incalculable to the Government ; they may 
 be made to yield just in proportion to the number of 
 men employed in working them." 
 
 FROM THE ANNUAL REPORT TO HON. S. P. CHASE, SECRETAKY 
 OF THE UNITED STATES TREASURY, BY THE DIRECTOR OF THE 
 PHILADELPHIA MINT. 
 
 " The deposits of gold from Colorado Territory have 
 largely increased, and the daily developments of the 
 mineral of that region would seem to indicate that, 
 before many years, the production from the mines 
 there will rival in amount that of California." 
 
29 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN EX-GOVERNOR GILPIN 
 AND MR. TAPPAN. 
 
 FIFTH AVENUE HOTEL, AUGUST GTH, 1863. 
 To THE HON. WM. GILPIN : * 
 
 Sir Being aware that for the past twenty years you 
 have been familiar with the mountain system, with its 
 snow-capped peaks, valleys, and parks, lying between 
 the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and, as you have just 
 returned from another tour of observation across the 
 continent (from the gold deposits in Colorado to 
 Washoe, Nevada, and California), I would be gratified, 
 if agreeable to you, to learn the result of your observa- 
 tion, embracing your views of the importance of the 
 Colorado Gold Mines, as compared with the mines of 
 the districts referred to. 
 
 Your Obedient Servant, 
 
 LEWIS N. TAPPAN. 
 
 NEW YORK, AUGUST STH, 1863. 
 To LEWIS N. TAPPAN, ESQ. 
 
 In reply to your note of the 6th, I am fully confirmed 
 by a re-examination just accomplished across the conti- 
 nent, in the correctness of my predictions made in the 
 " Central Gold Region," Gold exists in Colorado 
 
 * Author of " The Central Gold Region. The Grain, Pastoral, and Gold Re- 
 gions of North America." Published by Sower, Barnes & Co., Philadelphia. 
 
30 
 
 Territory, in inexhaustible, quantity. This area of gold- 
 yielding mountains is the " Sierra Madre," or primaeval 
 cordillera, being the purest form of auriferous rocks on 
 the grandest scale of massiveness. 
 
 Undoubtedly, Colorado is unequalled in capability of 
 realizing mineral wealth. Here will rapidly appear a 
 populous state, distinguished by industrial energy and 
 great prosperity. 
 
 Cordially yours, 
 
 WILLIAM GILPIN. 
 
 From the speech of the Hon. H. P. Bennett, of 
 Colorado, delivered in the House of Representatives, 
 Washington, February 28th, 1863, we take the follow- 
 ing extract in relation to these gold mines : 
 
 ' I speak from the united testimony of many practical 
 miners, who have spent several years in the mines of 
 California, when I say that the gold-bearing region of 
 Colorado is far more extensive, quite as inexhaustible, 
 and the gold-bearing quartz of a much richer quality, 
 than California. I make this comparison to give by it 
 to the world a better idea of the extent and richness of 
 these mines, and not with any desire to depreciate in 
 the least regard the fabulous wealth which still remains 
 4 from everlasting to everlasting' in the mines of Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 "All things considered, can there be a safer invest- 
 ment than in the stocks of the bullion banks of 
 Colorado ? The vaults of these banks are filled with an 
 inexhaustible treasure, placed on deposit there by the 
 
Almighty hand, and made subject to the drafts of man. 
 These banks are always specie-paying, and their vaults 
 are numerous, long, wide, and deep. There is no risk 
 in this business. The capitalist is but following in a 
 beaten path. The experiment has been made by those 
 who have gone before, and their success is inviting him 
 to follow quickly. Ten, twenty, fifty, a hundred, five 
 hundred thousand dollars may find ready and very 
 profitable investment without any possibility of failure, 
 if he will but exercise the most ordinary precaution. 
 Only consider it for a moment : the man of means, with 
 a quartz mill of twelve stamps and suitable saving 
 apparatus, will crush quartz-rock that yields from three 
 hundred to seven hundred dollars to the cord, out of 
 which he can realize from one thousand to five 
 thousand dollars per week. Investments of capital in 
 these gold fields, instead of paying from five to ten per 
 cent, will double and triple every year." 
 
 LETTER FROM MESSRS. LEE, JUDD & LEE, MINERS OF 
 BLACK HAWK. 
 
 To THE "GREGORY MINING COMPANY:" 
 
 In answer to the request to give our views of the 
 merits of the late purchase, by your Company, of mill 
 and mining property located principally at Black Hawk, 
 Gregory District, Colorado Territory, we would say that 
 the quartz mill is exceedingly well situated, being adja- 
 cent to your gold mines, with North Clear Creek flowing 
 through the mill site, furnishing a constant supply of 
 water for the Engine and Batteries. It is situate but 
 
32 
 
 a few hundred feet from two foundries and machine- 
 shops, which is a consideration in case of accidents to 
 machinery, or a desire to introduce new machinery. 
 Your Lodes, or gold producing mines, are in the well 
 known Gregory District, where the first discoveries of 
 gold in Colorado, were made. Some of your mining 
 property is undeveloped, hence we cannot speak posi- 
 tively of the richness of all of them ; but your posses- 
 sions on the Bobtail Lode, Gregory Extension Lode, 
 the Cotton Lode, and the Fisk Lode, are too well known 
 to require comment. We will simply say, that a very 
 large proportion of the gold produced in Colorado, has 
 been taken from these Lodes. Of our own experience 
 we can say, that we have taken from the Bobtail Lode 
 $1200 of gold to the cord of quartz, at a cost of less 
 than $100. 
 
 We are confident that nearly or quite the same results 
 have been obtained by others, from the Gregory Exten- 
 sion Lode. 
 
 We do not say that such results are constant ; but we 
 do believe that with moderate capital and common 
 sense, the property in your possession will prove a very 
 valuable one. 
 
 The Tunnel privileges into the Bobtail hill are of 
 great importance, penetrating many of the richest lodes 
 in the country. 
 
 LEE, JUDD & LEE. 
 
33 
 
 EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, COLORADO TERRITORY, 
 CENTER, MAY 25TH, 1863. 
 
 To WHOM IT MAY CONCERN : 
 
 Mr. Lewis N. Tappan has recently, as I learn, 
 purchased large interests in the Gregory District gold 
 mines. 
 
 I am not personally acquainted with the character of 
 his interests, but hear them well spoken of. 
 
 This District is of exceeding richness, and is now 
 yielding the greater part of the large gold product of 
 Colorado Territory. 
 
 I am satisfied that there is abundant opportunity for 
 immensely profitable investment, if judiciously made, in 
 this District. 
 
 Very Respectfully, 
 
 JOHN EVANS, 
 Governor Colorado Territory. 
 
 COLORADO, MAY K)TH, 1863. 
 
 To WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: 
 
 This is to certify, that we had a lease of the Quartz 
 Mill, now owned by the Gregory Gold Mining Com- 
 pany, and know the same to be an excellent mill ; 
 the engine and machinery being in good repair, and 
 performing first-rate service. It is located in the cen- 
 tre of the richest mining district, and being well pro- 
 vided with good clean water. 
 
 We do not hesitate to state that it is one of the best 
 gold saving mills in the country, and as such is gener- 
 5 
 
34 
 
 ally known by all miners and business men. The above 
 mill is capable of crushing from twelve to fifteen tons 
 per day. 
 
 DALTON & BATES. 
 
 BLACK HAWK, COLORADO, JULY lOin, 1863. 
 
 To WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: 
 
 This is to certify, that I am a resident of Colorado 
 Territory, and have been for the past three years. Am 
 engaged in the business of mining and quartz-milling ; 
 am well acquainted with the location of the mill and 
 mining property belonging to the Gregory Mining Com- 
 pany. The mill and mines are well located, the mines 
 being situated upon lodes which are considered, and 
 have proved to be, the best in the Territory. 
 
 J. A. HALE, 
 Of J. A. Hale & Co. 
 
 LEGAL OPINION. 
 To ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: 
 
 I have carefully examined the abstracts, deeds and 
 other muniments relating to the title of LEWIS N. 
 TAPPAN,ESQ.,* to the following mineral and other lands 
 in the Territory of Colorado, with a view of ascertaining 
 whether the title thereto is vested in said Tappan by the 
 laws in force in said Territory, and I find, upon such 
 examination, that the title of said LEWIS N. TAPPAN 
 
 * The title to the property described has been conveyed by Mr. Tappan to the 
 Gregory Gold Mining Company of Colorado. 
 
35 
 
 thereunto, is perfect according to the statutes of said 
 Territory, as the same have been expounded by the 
 Courts. 
 
 The property above referred to is as follows : 
 
 One stamp mill site, on North Clear Creek, near 
 Black Hawk Point, with steam quartz mill and an office 
 and blacksmith shop. 
 
 All of Gold Mining Claims Nos. 17 and 30, and fifty 
 feet of Claims Nos. 3 and 16, west on the Bobtail Lode. 
 
 All of Claims Nos. 9, 10 and 11, and fifty feet of 
 Claim No. 16, east on the Fisk Lode, together with an 
 undivided right to one-half of roadway thereto. 
 
 Fifty feet of Claim No. 1, east on the Galena Lode, 
 
 One hundred feet of Claim No. 2, west on the Enter- 
 prise Lode. (Extension of the Running Lode.) 
 
 Fifty feet of Claim No. 7, west on the Cotton Lode. 
 
 Fifty feet of Claim No. 1, east on the Michigan Lode. 
 
 Four hundred feet, more or less, on the Gregory 
 Extension Lode, being two-thirds of the undivided one- 
 half of six hundred feet, and the whole of two preemp- 
 tion claims on the same lode.* 
 
 East fifty feet of Claim number 4 on the "Tucker 
 Lode." 
 
 Two hundred feet on the Gregory Second Lode, 
 known as the Tascher Tunnel Claims. 
 
 Eight hundred feet, being all of Claims Nos. 1, 2, 3, 
 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, east on the Torrington Lode. 
 
 One hundred feet, being all of Claim No. 1, west on 
 Waterport Lode. 
 
 * A division of the property is agreed upon by all parties interested, whereby 
 the Gregory Mining Company will possess, in all, 400 contiguous feet. 
 

 One hundred feet, Claim No. 9, and one hundred feet, 
 Claim No. 10, west on the Elephant Lode. 
 . One hundred feet,* being all of the discovery claim, 
 on the Whale Lode. 
 
 Twenty-two hundred feet of water power on South 
 Clear Creek ; (preempted by Stanton & Co). 
 
 Nine hundred feet of water power in Grass Valley, 
 on South Clear Creek. 
 
 Seven hundred and fifty feet of Bar Mining Claims on 
 South Clear Creek; (preempted by Stanton & Co). 
 
 Six shares of one thousand dollars each, of the capital 
 stock of the corporation styled the Bobtail Tunnel 
 Company. 
 
 One tunnel claim and priveleges located in the same 
 hill as the Bobtail Tunnel, and five hundred feet distant 
 from same. 
 
 One tunnel claim and priveleges, situated about one- 
 fourth of a mile from the stamp mill, first above enum- 
 erated, and intended to open up another series of gold 
 bearing lodes. 
 
 BENJ. F. HALL, 
 
 Late Chief Justice of Colorado. 
 
 P. S. I am acquainted with most of the above 
 described claims and know that they are regarded in 
 Colorado as being very valuable. They are upon and 
 in the immediate vicinity of the lodes from which the 
 greater part of the gold produced in Colorado has been 
 taken. They are near the mill, moreover, which is a 
 great practical advantage over many other claims in 
 working them economically. 
 
 BENJ. F. HALL. 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 5th page, 10th line, should be added No. 7 on Fiske 'Lode, 
 with shaft one hundred and twenty-five feet deep. 
 
 10th page, 7th line, ' three hundred and fifty feet," on the 
 Fiske Lode, should read /bur hundred and fifty. 
 
 35th page, 10th line, should read -7, 9, 10 and 11.