4PW Jfiarm *?% rith m e tic I90ii. HY HF.XRY KIKLP Contains Nothing About Longitude and Time Cube Koot; English Money, or the Binomial Theorem, but Devotes its Time to the Sort of Arithmetic That the Farm Boy or Girl Will Use Every Day in Actual Life. A Book of Real Problems For farm Boys and Girls Price, 25 Cents 7/fiss Jessie County Superintendent of Schools, Pace County, Iowa PUBLISHED BY HEXRY FIET,V SKKT> ' OMPAXY -li'-ir'.iuliiai*. Ji-\va LEGAL WEIGHTS PER BUSHEL FOR IOWA And Amounts of Seed Sown per Are VARIETY Legal Amount Glover seed Alfalfa seed Timothy seed Blue Grass seed Redtop seed Orchard Grass seed ... ..... Millet Sorghum (fodder cane) seed . . Kaffir corn Dwarf Essex Rape Broom corn Field Peas Field Beans Buckwheat Corn, (field) shelled Corn, (field), ear Corn, (sweet), shelled Popcorn, shelled .. Popcorn, ear Barley .... Oats Rye Wheat Flax Speltz Onion sets (tops) . Onion sets (bottoms) Potatoes Onions Apples Sweet potatoes Weights are practically the same Weight per bu. sown per acre 60 Ibs. 60 " 45 " 14 " 14 " 14 " 50 " 50 " I! 56 " 50 " 50 " 60 " 60 " 52 " 56 " 70 " 50 56 70 48 32 56 60 56 35 30 32 60 57 50 50 in all states. 121bs 20 " 12 " 25 " 20 " 35 40 100 40 6 10 120 60 52 8 12 6 90 90 90 90 56 70 15 bu 20 bu 10 bu QA 2. 2. 2. is a great general demand that the school train for life. More than ever before, the people are asking that our country schools give the boys and girls real, practical, living problems. The teacher who can keep her school in touch with the great movement for agricultural improvement; who can interest her pupils in the study of corn, stock, soils, and other problems of the neighborhood in which her school is located, can make her patrons see as they have nevbr seen before the real value of the school to their children,/! Such a teacher can demand better wages and better school conditions. She can make the school the real center of the neighborhood ifcind an influence which- is felt in every home. Above all, she can arouse in the boy and girl a love for home, for the country, and for the farm. The problems should be introduced as supplementary^ arithmetic work in the seventh and eighth grades. Let the pupils take the problems home with them and get the advice of their parents in regard to how they should be solved. Such work is sure to bring added life into your school and new vision to the pupils. \" I wish gratefully to acknowledge the assistance of the practical farmers and others interested in agriculture who have furnished problems for this book; especially that of Superintendent C. F. Garrett, of Sac City, Iowa. JESSIE FIELD, County Superintendent of Schools, Page County, Iowa. The first edition of this little book was written by my sister for free distribution among the schools of this county. It immediately created such a widespread interest in practi- cal farm arithmetic and its value for the pupils of the country schools, especially the big boys and girls, that the first edition was soon exhausted, and calls kept coming in from everywhere for more copies of the book. Prominent educators in other parts of the state begged for copies for their own schools. It seemed to fill a long-felt want. As she did not care to undertake the getting out of a new edition, I helped her to rewrite and enlarge it, and will see to the publishing and distribution of it. I believe it is the best little book ever put into a country school, and I hope that every boy and girl in the country may have a chance to study it. The problems are taken from life, and are the kind that the farmer and the farmer's wife will encounter every day of their lives. HENRY FIELD, President Henry Field Seed Co., Shenandoah, Iowa. FARM ARITHMETIC Farm Inventory and Problems Connected , Therewith. Every boy should have an understanding of the real and personal property on his father's farm, and its value. The best way to teach this is to have the boy make out an in- ventory of the property. This is what a merchant does ev- ery yeaV and it is a good plan for the farmer to do the same. The purpose is to teach the boys systematic methods in keeping accounts. The pride of property appeals strongly to a boy, and the sense of proprietorship is a strong tie to bind a boy to the farm. The boy who says, "We have," is worth much more than the boy who says, " My father has." These inventories are not to be made a subject for discussion in class, and comparisons are to be discouraged. Use the form given here. Estimate the value of the grain, hay, live stock, etc., at the prevailing market prices. Farm vehicles, harness and farm implements should be esti- mated on the basis of an annual depreciation of ten per cent from original cost. Figure the quantity of grain, hay, etc., according to the rules given farther over in this book. Follow up the farm inventory with an inventory of the common or public property of the school district that is, the school building and grounds, fences, trees, (at $ 1 each), furniture and contents of the school room, etc. Have the pupils figure up how much interest each pupil has in this public property. Figure up the number of acres in the school district and find out. how much of value is added per acre by the value of this property. FARM ARITHMETIC 3 .INVENTORY OF__ FARM DATE .acres of land ( .head of horses -head cows (8)_ -head other cattle -head hogs @ Poultry . Harness ( sets) . Vehicles (specify) . . . Farm machinery (specify) Hay tons @ Corn bushels (&! Wheat bushels @ _L Oats bushels @ ;_ Potatoes bushels @ Apples bushels @ Other farm products . . . Household furniture, worth . Total, FARM ARITHMETIC RECKONING FARM CROPS The ordinary rule for figuring ear corn in the crib is to count two bushels to each five cubic feet. Multiply to- gether the length, width, and depth of the crib in feet and take two-fifth's of it, which will give you the number of bushels. 1. A crib of corn is 10 feet wide, 32 feet long, and has an average of 1 feet of corn in it. How many bushels? 2. A crib of corn 10 feet wide is made up of three 1 6-foot sections. Two of these sections are full to the top, 1 feet high throughout. The third 1 6-foot section is 8 feet high with corn at one end sloping off to 4 feet* at the other end. How much corn in each of the full sections, and how much in this last one partly full? How much corn in crib altogether? 3. Measure a crib of corn at home and figure out the number of bushels it contains. 4. A round slat pen of corn is 20 feet across and 2 sections, or 8 feet, high. How much corn does it contain? 5. A rick of ear corn piled out doors is 1 feet wide at the bottom, tapering to a point in the middle 6 feet high. It is 50 feet long. How many bushels in it? 6. A round pile of corn on the ground is 20 feet across, tapering to a point 1 feet high in the middle. How many bushels does it contain? In estimating bushels of shelled corn or small grain in the bin, take four-fifths of the number of cubic feet. 7. How many bushels of oats in a bin 10 feet wide, 40 feet long and 8 feet deep? 8. How many bushels of shelled corn in a wagon bed 3 feet wide, 10 feet long, and 27 inches deep? 9. The common practice in estimating ear corn from the field is to count one bushel for every inch in depth of an ordinary wagon bed 3 feet wide and 10 feet long. How does this agree with the rule providing for 2 bushels for 5 feet? *Take average height (8 feet plus 4 feet divided by 2, equals 6 feet). FARM ARITHMETIC As potatoes and apples are always sold by heaped measure, the rule for estimating- them is 3 bushels to each 4 cubic feet, or a slightly larger bushel than small grain or shelled corn, which is always sold by level measure. 10. An ordinary freight car is 8 feet wide by 32 feet long, and is generally filled about 4 feet deep. How many bushels of apples would this be? An acre of land is 160 square rods. To find the number of acres in any field, multiply together the length and the width in rods and divide by 160. 11. An 80-acre field has a strip 2 rods wide and 160 rods long taken off for road. Besides, there is a pasture 10 rods wide by 25 rods long, and the house, orchard and feed lots take a strip 20 rods wide by 30 rods long. If all the rest of the 80 acres is planted in corn, how many acres of corn will there be? 12. If the corn in this field fills 3 16-foot sections of crib 10 feet deep and 12 feet wide, how many bushels of corn is that per acre? 13. How many acres in a piece of land 12 rods wide and 80 rods long? < 14. If this land is sold at $100 per acre, what will it bring? 15. If a mistake of 3 feet is made in measuring the width of the piece, how much difference would it make in the price received for the land? 16. A piece of land 80 rods long is 50 rods wide at one end and 30 rods wide at the other end. How many acres does it contain? 17. If this land is planted in oats and the crop fills a bin 1 feet wide, 1 2 feet long and 1 2 feet deep, what is the yield per acre? 18. When corn is planted in rows 3 feet, 8 inches apart> the custom is to count 9 rows to an acre in a field a quarter of a mile long. Is this rule correct? 19. In husking corn in a field where the rows are 80 rods long, 4 rows make a 30- bushel load. What is the yield per acre? FARM ARITHMETIC Threshing and Harvesting Problems 1. If a field of oats is half a mile long and 40 rods wide, how much should be paid for cutting it at 75 cents per acre? 2. If the man who cuts it gets it done in 4 days, how much is he making per day? 3. Find the amount of this threshing bill: 1200 bushels of oats at 2 cents per bushel. 860 bushels of wheat at 4 cents per bushel. 2600 pounds of coal at $4 per ton. 4 men and teams at $3 per day, for a day and a half. 6 men at $1.75 per day, for a day and a half. 4. The field in which this 1200 bushels of oats were grown is 120 rods long and 50 rods wide. What was the yield per acre? 5. The wheat field was 86 rods long and 80 rods wide. What was the yield per acre? 6. Counting the cost of cutting at 75 cents per acre, and the shocking at 25 cents per acre, what has been the total cost of harvesting and threshing? What does this amount to in expense per bushel? 7. If a self-binder receives proper care, it will last 12 years. It is run each year on an average of 5 days of 10 hours each, (a) If the binder cost $120 and simple interest on the investment is allowed at 6 per cent, what is the cost of one hour's work of the binder? (b) If by carelessness in handling and the leaving out of doors when not in use, the life of the binder is reduced from 12 years to 4 years, (4 years is the average life of the binder), what is the cost per hour of its use? 8. A crib of corn is weighed in, in November, as 67,200 pounds. How many bushels would this be? 9. How many feet deep would it fill a crib 1 feet Wide and 32 feet long? FARM ARITHMETIC 1 0. Allowing that the shrinkage on ear corn is 3 per cent a month of the original amount for six months from November on, what would this crib of corn weigh out next June? 11. If the corn can be sold at gathering time for 60 cents a bushel, would it pay better to sell it then or hold it till next June and sell it for 60 cents, allowing 3 per cent shrink a month for 6 months? 12. A quarter-section farm is divided up as follows: Corn land, 80 acres; oats, 20 acres; hay land, 30 acres; pasture, 20 acres; orchard, 5 acres; waste land, bts, build- ings, etc., 5 acres. Draw a sketch of this farm as you would lay it out. 13. The corn grown filled 4 16-foot sections of crib 12 feet wide and 10 feet deep. The oats filled a bin 10 feet wide, 1 2 feet long, and 1 1 feet deep. The hay filled a mow 30 feet wide, 100 feet long, and 15 feet high. The apples filled a bin 10 feet wide, 12 feet long and 7 feet deep. Figuring the crops at the present local prices and allowing a fair rent for the pasture land, what was the income from the farm for the season? 14. If corn is checked 3 feet, 8 inches apart each way how many rows to the acre? 15. With 3 stalks to the hill, how many stalks to the acre? 16. If it takes 100 ears to make a bushel, how many bushels to the acre would you have, with one good ear from each stalk? 17. Which is the best crop, 5 stalks to the hill with small ears requiring 200 to make a bushel, or 3 stalks to the hill bearing good ears requiring 100 to make a bushe 18. If a field of corn is good enough to make 70 bushels per acre, but the squirrels take out 100 hills to the acre, in a 10-acre piece, how many bushels will be lost from the crop? FARM ARITHMETIC Cost of Growing Farm Crops In estimating the cost of growing crops in the follow- ing problems, count the time of a man and a team at $3 per day, or man alone at $1.50 per day. 1. A field is 80 rods long and 60 rods wide. How many acres? 2. How many days will it take to plow it, allowing 2J acres a day as fair work for man and team? What would be the cost? 3. If a man and team can harrow 15 acres a day, how long will it take to harrow it twice? What will be the cost? 4. If a man and team can plant 15 acres a day, how long will it take and what will it cost? 5. If a man and team can cultivate 1\ acres a day, how many days will it take to cultivate it 4 times, and what will it cost? 6. If this field of corn makes 2,000 bushels, what is the yield per acre? What will it cost per acre to husk it at 3 cents per bushel? 7. What is the total cost of the field of corn in the way of labor? How much per acre? Allowing rent at $5 per acre, what is the total cost per acre? 8. What would this field of corn bring at present prices? How much per acre? 9. What would be the net return per acre after deducting all cost in the way of labor and rent? Have any items of expense been omitted? If so, figure them in. 1 0. What would be the cost per acre of growing wheat, allowing for plowing at 3 acres per day, 2 harrowings at 15 acres per day, seeding at 15 acres per day, 6 pecks of seed at $1.00 per bushel, cutting at 75 cents per acre, shocking at 4 acres a day to each man, and a threshing expense of 7 cents per bushel on a yield of 24 bushels per acre. 11. What would be the net return on 30 acres on a crop of 24 bushels of wheat per acre, after paying all the above expenses and selling the wheat at 90 cents per bushel and paying $5 per acre rent? FARM ARITHMETIC 9 Comparison of Different Crops. Rotation of Crops 1. Suppose a 40-acre field planted to corn for 5 years in succession produces 60 bushels per acre the first year, 55 the second, 43 the third, 33 the fourth, and 30 the fifth, what will be the value of the corn grown in the 5 years, at 40 cents per bushel? 2. Suppose instead of growing corn continuously he had practiced the following rotation: First year 40 acres corn, 60 bushels per acre, at 40 cents. Second year 40 acres oats, 60 bushels per acre, at 30 cents. Third year 40 acres clover, 3 tons per acre, at $8 per ton. Fourth year 40 acres timothy, 2 tons per acre, at $9 per ton. Fifth year 40 acres corn, 70 bushels per acre, at 40 cents per bushel. What would have been the value of the five years' crop? 3. Which of the two plans would produce the most money in the five years? How much more? Which would leave the land in the best condition at the end of five years? Are there any other advantages to either plan. 4. The average good stand of corn is about 12,000 stalks per acre. If by careful selection of seed corn each stalk can be made to bear an average of one ounce more of corn, what will be the increase in yield per acre? What will be the increase in cash return on 70 acres, if the corn is 40 cents per bushel? 5. Eight pounds of seed corn will plant an acre. How many bushels would it take to plant 70 acres? 6. If a man put in a day on the selection of each bushel of corn, what would be the cost of selecting seed for 70 acres, counting his time at $2 per day? How much per acre? 7. If by such selection he can increase the yield of his corn 5 bushels per acre, and corn is worth 40 cents per bushel, what will be the increase in value on 70 acres of corn? How much per acre? 10 FARM ARITHMETIC Dairy Problems In working out these problems, have the pupils get prices on feed by inquiring of the local dealers. It might be well, too, to keep the market quotations on feed and farm crops posted on the blackboard and changed weekly. If possible demonstrate the use of the Babcock milk tester. Have pupils actually test milk. A Babcock tester can be secured complete for $5.00. 1. A good ration for a dairy cow is 10 bushels of corn and 10 bushels of oats ground together, and one ton -of clover hay. This amount should feed a cow for 75 days. At present prices, what will be the cost of supplying this ra- tion for 225 days and pasturing the cow the balance of the year at $1.50 per month? 2. Allowing that the labor cost is 50 cents per week per cow, what is the total cost of the cow's keep for a year? What is the cost per month? Per week? 3. If butter fat is worth 25 cents per pound, how many pounds must each cow produce per year to balance the expense of her keep? How much per month? Per week? 4. A cow gives 3 gallons of milk per day (weight 8 5-8 pounds per gallon.) If the milk tests 4.8 per cent, how much butter fat does she yield per week? Per month? 5. If the milk tests 2.8 butter fat, what is the yield per week? per month? 6. Of two cows, one gives 3 gallons of milk per day, testing 2.8 per cent butter fat, the other gives 2 gallons per day, testing 4.8 per cent butter fat. Which cow is the most profitable? How much more per month? 7. Allowing that the labor cost is about the same under each method, which would pay best, to sell milk at 5 cents per quart or butter fat at 25 cents per pound, if the milk tests 4 per cent? 8. If you allow that after taking out the butter fat the sweet skim milk is worth 5 cents a gallon to feed to pigs which plan will pay best? 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Some flocks of hens have a record of as high as 200 eggs each in a year. What would be the cash return from this flock of 100 hens if they did as well? What would be the net return over the cost of feed? 4. At present local prices, what would be the amount received for 34 hens weighing 7J pounds each? How much would this be for each hen? 5. At present local prices, what would be received for 34 hens weighing 4J pounds each, if the dealer docked them 1 cent per pound from the regular prices because they were small and thin? 6. Have the pupils get figures on actual sales of poul- try and figure the returns. Have each pupil bring several such records, if possible. FARM ARITHMETIC 15 Birds, Weeds, and Insects, and Their Relation 1 to Field Crops 1. How many acres in a section? How many sections in a township? How many townships in your county? How many acres in the county? 2. The damage done by insects in Iowa averages 58 cents per acre. What would this amount to for your county? For the farm you live on? 3. Wild birds average about 450 to the quarter sec- tion. How many would this be for the county? For your farm? 4. Allowing that each bird eats 50 insects per day, (a low estimate), how many insects would the birds of the county destroy in the five summer months? How many on your farm? 5. Estimating 100,000 insects to the bushel, how many bushels would this be? How many bushels per day? 6. The birds that stay all winter eat principally weed seed. Allowing one bird to the acre and J ounce of weed seed per day for each bird, how many tons of weed seed would the birds eat in three months in the whole county? How many pounds on your farm? 1. One plant of plantain bears about 14,000 seeds, weighing about one ounce. Forty of these seeds will easily seed a square yard of ground. Suppose all the seeds were allowed to live, how many square yards of ground would one plant seed? What harm do plantain and such weeds do? How can we keep them from spreading and crowding out the crops? 8. 500 small grasshoppers will eat a pound of grow- ing crops in a day. Almost all birds are fond of grass- hoppers for food. A cuckoo or a meadow lark will eat 250 a day. How many birds will it take at this rate to save a ton of small grain or grass in ten days? 9. As destroyers of potato beetles and other harmful insects, a single pair of quails is said to be worth $5. If this pair produces a brood of 16 young quails, what is the value of the work done by the entire covey next year? 14 FARM ARITHMETIC Scale Tickets 1. A farmer sold 6 loads of ear corn (70 pounds to the bushel) at 5 1 cents per bushel. Fill out the scale ticket, and find how much money he should get for each load and how much for the total. Gross weight Ibs. Weight wagon Ibs. Net weight Ibs. Net weight bushels Amount at Sic. $ 3480 3405 3200 3394 3382 3476 1310 1260 1190 1285 1220 1276 Totals, . . Note that this kind of work is easily proved. The total of the net weights of the different loads should equal the difference between the total of the gross weights less the total "'of the wagon weights. Also, the total of the values of the different loads should equal the result of figuring the total net weight at the given price. 2. Make out a scale ticket and find the amount received for five loads of hogs at $5.25 per 100 pounds. Gross weights: 2974, 3025, 2889, 2986, 3116. Wagon weights: 1210, 1190, 1275, 1280, 1312. 3. Make out a scale ticket and find the amount received for five loads of oats sold at 42 cents per bushel. Gross weights; 2900, 2842, 2736, 2937, 2854. Wagon weights: 1187, 1264, 1235, 1210, 1224.- 4. Make out a scale ticket and find the amount received for four loads of shelled corn sold at 52 cents per bushel. Gross weights; 3664, 3580, 3376, 3610. Wagon weights; 1200,1224,1185,1240. 5. Make out a scale ticket and find the amount received for ten loads of potatoes sold at 60 cents per bushel. Gross weights; 3168,3040, 3276, 3100, 3000, 2940. 2865,2986,3012,2730. Wagon weights; 1262, 1214, 1200, 1262, 1214, 1200, 1262, 1214, 1200, 1262. FARM ARITHMETIC 15 6. Find the value of five loads of hay sold at $6.25 per ton. Gross weights; 3180,3375, 3464, 3490, 3388. Wagon weights; 1175, 1190, 1240, 1245, 1260. 7. The milk weights for a week run as follows, by days: 475, 460, 450, 455, 470, 480, 485. In each case the weight of 5 cans at 15 pounds each should be deducted from these gross weights. If the milk tests 4 per cent butter fat and the price of butter fat is 25 cents per pound, what will be the check for the week? What will be the return if the test is 3.3 per cent? 8. The weights of cream shipped each day run as follows: 64, 63, 67, 70, 72, 71, 70. Deduct 15 pounds for weight of can and figure returns on a price of 25 cents for butter fat, if cream tests 40 per cent. Figure net returns after deducting an express charge of 40 cents per 100 pounds on the gross weight shipped and 5 cents each for the return of the empty cans. 9. The weights of ten bags of clover seed run as follows: 164, 163, 164, 160, 162, 159, 150, 155, 154, 156. Allowing one pound each for the weight of the bags, how much clover seed is there, and what is it worth at $7 per bushel? 10. The weights of eight bags of timothy seed run as follows: 107,109,105,106,101,111,107,107. Allow- ing one pound each for the weight of the sacks, how much timothy seed is there, and what is it worth at $1.75 per bushel? 16 FARM ARITHMETIC Farm Buildings In figuring lumber, the unit is the "board foot," which is a square foot an inch thick, or 1 44 cubic inches. Thus, a board 1 inch thick, 12 inches wide, and 10 feet long, (written 1x12 10), contains 10 board feet, as it is equal to 10 square feet one inch thick. If it was a 2x12 10, it would contain twice as many board feet, or 20. A board 2x6 10 would have 5 square feet of surface, but would contain 10 board feet, as it is double thickness. Hence the rule; "Multiply the width and length of the board in feet by the thickness in inches. The result will be the board feet." 1. Find the number of board feet and the price of each item in this bill and the total board feet and cost of the whole bill: 46 pieces 2x610 @ $2.70 per 100 feet. 42 " 2x412 @ 2.70 " 200 " 1x416 @ 2.50 " 90 " 1x812 @ 2.40 " 30 " 1x1212 @ 2.90 " 2. A corn crib 12 feet wide, 16 feet long, 10 feet high on the low side and 14 feet high on the high side, is built as follows: Framed with 2x6 studding 2 feet apart on ends and sides. Joists under floor, 2x8, set 2 feet apart. Roof rafters, 2x4, set 2 feet apart, with 3 1x4 strips lengthwise to hold the roof boards. Roof and floor of 1x8 boards, set close together. Sides and ends of 1x4 boards, with 2-inch open space between. Make out the bill of this lumber, and figure the cost of it at $3 per 100. Also, make drawings showing the construction of this crib. This will be a help in figuring the lumber. Make the drawings on the scale of J-inch to the foot. 3. How much corn would this crib hold? Allowing $10 for labor and nails, in addition to the cost of the lumber, what would it cost per bushel of capacity? 4. What would be the cost per rod of a board fence made of boards 1x6 12, 4 boards high, figuring the lumber at $3 per 100 feet, and 1 post every 6 feet, at 18 cents each? FARM -ARITHMETIC IT 5. Measure a corn crib at home, make a list of the lumber, and figure the cost of it at $3 per 100. Also, make a drawing of the front of it and of a cross section of the end, drawn on a scale of J-inch to the foot. A roll of wall paper is 48 feet long by 18 inches wide. It contains 72 square feet, or 8 square yards. Therefore, to find the amount of wall paper required for a room, find the area of the walls in square feet and divide by 72; or, find the area in square yards and divide by 8. It is generally well to allow 10 per cent additional paper to cover loss in cutting and matching. In painting, allow one gallon of paint for every 250 square feet of surface to be painted. 1. A room is 12 feet wide, 15 feet long, and 9 feet high. It has two windows and one door, each about 3 feet by 6 feet. How many rolls of paper will be required to paper the walls? How much for the ceiling? How many yards of border? If the paper costs 20 cents a roll and the border 3 cents a yard, and the paper hanger charges 25 cents a roll for hanging the paper and 3 cents a yard for the border, what will be the total cost? 2. Measure the school room you are in and find out what it would cost to paper it, allowing that the paper would cost 15 cents per roll and the work of hanging it 20 cents per roll? How much for the paper alone? 3. How much would it cost to paint the outside of the school house, if the paint cost $1.65 per gallon? What would the painter charge for putting it on, at 5 cents per square yard? 4. How much would it cost to paint the roof of the school house, if the roof paint cost 90 cents per gallon and the work of putting it on on 3 cents per square yard. 5. The material for a cement walk costs about 7 cents a square foot, and the labor about 5 cents per square foot. How much would it cost to put a cement walk 5 feet wide from the front door of your school house to the road? FARM ARITHMETIC Farm Sales 1. An auctioneer gets for his pay one per cent of the total received. If a sale amounts to $3,457.50, what does he receive? 2. Some auctioneers get $10 and one per cent of the total of the sale. What would this amount to on above sale? 3. The terms of sale are: Sums under $10, cash. Amounts over that, one year's time at 6 per cent interest, or 2 per cent off for cash. A man buys a horse for $150. What will he have to pay for it at the end of the year's time, including the interest? How much if he pays cash? 4 If the terms are, one year's time without interest or 8 per cent off for cash, what will he have to pay at the end of the year? What if he pays cash? 5. If the terms are, sums under $10 cash, over that amount 8 per cent discount, will it pay better to bid $9.50 and pay the net cash, or $10.25 and get the discount? 6. Ear corn at a sale is usually sold and measured off at 4,300 cubic inches to the bushel. How does this agree with the common rule of 2 bushels to each 5 cubic feet? 7. A crib of corn 10 feet by 12 feet by 32 feet is sold at 4,300 cubic inches to the bushel at 51 cents per bushel. What does it come to? If the terms are 8 per cent discount for cash, what will be the net cost? What will be the net cost per bushel? 8. Have the pupils get the figures on some actual transactions at farm sales and figure up the discount and the interest charges according to the terms of the sale. FARM ARITHMETIC 19 Farm Labor and Its Payment In counting up time, count 26 working days to a month, 10 hours to a day, and 6 days to a week. 1. If a man is getting $30 a month, how much is that a day? How much a week? How much an hour? 2. Which is the bigger pay $10 a week, or $40 a month? 3. A man works from March 1 to June 20, losing four days in that time. What would his wages amount to at $30 per month? (The number of working days can be counted on a calendar.) 4. A man working at $10 a week loses one-half of one day and two hours another day. What will he receive, after counting out his lost time? 5. A man working at $25 per month, begins March 15 and works till August 12, losing 9 days during that time. He has drawn at different times $47. How much is coming to him? 6. A man in town is getting $1.75 a day and has to pay $4 a week board. Another man is working on a farm at $30 a month and board. Which is really the bigger pay? How much? 7. Which is the bigger net pay $30 a month and board, or $10 a week and pay $3.50 a week board? 8. An acre contains 160 square rods, or 4,356 square feet. Corn is ordinarily planted 3 feet, 6 inches, each [way. How many hills to an acre? 9. If a man is hired to cut up corn at 10 cents a shock, 14 hills square, how much is this an acre? How much an acre if the shocks are 1 6 hills square? 10. If a man is paid 3 cents per bushel for husking corn, what will he earn for the week if his loads run as fol- lows, allowing 1200 pounds out for the weight of the wagon each time: Gross weights of loads 3650, 3630, 3700, 3760, 3750, 3710, 3420, 2910,3400, 3450, 3510, 3580? 11. Have each pupil bring to school the actual figures on a settlement for farm labor, and have the class work it out. 20 FARM ARITHMETIC Farm Drainage 1. A 40-acre piece of low land (a quarter of a mile across) is 3 feet, 4 inches, higher at one side than the other. How much fall will this be to the rod? 2. If the tile cost $20 per 1000, each tile being a foot long, and the laying of them costs 25 cents per rod, what will it cost to lay four strings of tile across this 40 acres? 3. How much will this amount to per acre? 4. If it increases the yield of corn on this land an average of 5 bushels per year for ten years, what will this increase of corn be worth at 40 cents per bushel? How much on the whole 40 acres? 5. What will be the net gain per acre over the cost of tiling? What will be the net gain on the whole 40 acres? 6. A 40-acre field is a quarter of a mile (80 rods) each way. How many rods of tile will it take to run diag- onally across it, coming in at one corner and out at the other corner? Draw a diagram of this. 7. Measure the distance across the school ground the long way and estimate the number of tile it would take to lay one string of tiling across it. How much would it cost, reckoning the tile at $20 per 1000 and the laying at 25 cents per rod? 8. The very wettest of land can be thoroughly drained (if a proper outlet can be had) by laying lines of tiling three rods apart. To drain a field 20 rods wide and 80 rods long in this way, running the tile the long way of the field, how much tile will be required, and what would it cost? Draw diagram. 9. The gain in yield from tiling would be at least 10 bushels of corn per acre, or its equivalent in other crops. If the tiling lasted for 30 years, what would be the total gain? What would ba the net gain? HANDY FARM MEASURES 1. A bushel of small grain or shelled corn is 1 cubic feet. To find the capacity of a bin, multiply the length, breadth, and depth, together (in feet) and take 4-5 of it. 2- A bushel of ear corn is 2J cubic feet. To find the capacity of a crib in bushels, multiply the length, breadth, and depth, together (in feet), and take 2-5 of it. 3. A bushel of apples or potatoes is 1 1-3 cubic feet. To find the bushels, take 3-4 of the cubic feet. 4. The area of a circle is about 3-4 that of a square of the same diameter. The exact fraction is .7854. So to find the area of a circle, multiply the diameter by itself, and mul- tiply the result by .7854, which'.is the same as taking a little over 3-4 of it. 5. The circumference (distance around) of a circle is a little more three times the diameter. The exact fraction is 3.1416. 6. To find the contents of a pointed heap of corn, find the area of the bottom of the pile in square feet, and multi- ply that by half the height of the highest point. This will give you the cubic feet, which can be reduced to bushels. To find the contents of a circular crib ( corn, find the area of the circular base, and multiply that by the height. This will give the cubic feet. 7. A ton of tame hay will about equal a space 8x8x8 feet. Wild hay, 7x7x7 feet. 8. A barrel of water is about 4 cubic feet. 9. A cubic foot of water weighs 62A pounds. 10. An acre is 160 square rods; 43,560 square feet; 4840 square yards. 11. The board foot used in reckoning lumber is a square foot an inch thick. 12. A gallon is a trifle over 1-8 of a cubic foot. To find the capacity of a tank, estimate the contents in cubic feet, and multiply by 8 for the number of gallons, and divide by 4 for the number of barrels. This will be very nearly correct. 13. To find the number of pounds of butter fat in milk. Take the test per cent of the number of pounds of milk. For instance, if milk tests 4 per cent, 50 pounds of milk will contain 2 pounds of butter fat. This book is DUE on the last date stamped below ] V NOV 1 Form L-9-10rn-5,'28 vlord Hro-i. UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY A 000933210 7 QK