m 1 1 THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES Historical Notices^ etc.^ of Southam. oTisj^ii's Jw"j J.'' j'i JS ;»■- jS.' Chapter I. lutroiiiictoi'y. T is well known that owing to the effects of time and other causes the state of many ancient parochial registers in the kingdom is yearly becoming more unsatisfactory. The condition of the paper or parchment on which they have been written is often seriously impaired, and the writing in some places growing completely illegible. Accordingly recourse has been had to the transcriber and the printer. Societies have been formed, and private efforts made to preserve the contents of such local records from entire uselessness, while it remained possible to decipher and reproduce them. It seemed to the writer very desirable that this effort should be made for the Southam registers and records, in ~~ which there are found many interesting entries on local subjects, J and, indeed, events of national importance are incidentally alluded ^ to. It must be explained that complete copies of the original /\j registers and ancient parochial accounts had been for some years in the possession of the writer. They were made at the latter end 629811 Histo?'ical Notices, etc., of Southain. of last century by a very painstaking parish clerk, one Wni. Basse, and a sketch is given on opposite page of the cottage in which he lived. It stood upon what was formerly a small unenclosed green, and was afterwards used for the purposes of the first Provident Dispensary established in the kingdom under the inauguration of the late Mr. H. L. Smith. The cottage was taken down some years ago, having fallen into disrepair, but the loss of such an interesting and picturesque object was, we think, to be regretted. In the last century and even early in this, the state of parochial registers was not much attended to, and generally they were entrusted to the care of subordinate and often careless officials. Wm. Basse had, how- ever, the industr)-, if not the caligraphy, of a monkish transcriber, rather than of an eighteenth-century parish clerk. It should be mentioned that the copies above named have been, by the kind permission of the present Rector of Southam, carefully compared with the originals. There were, besides, some manuscript materials for the history of Southam made many years ago, also in my possession. These circumstances have led me to undertake the transcription and publication of the contents of the registers so as to ensure their perpetuit}', and to introduce some notices and observations on the history of the parish, together with a few illustrations of its most interesting objects and scenery. The writer has received the kind assistance of others well skilled in antiquities, geology, natural history, and genealogy, whose contri- butions will be fully acknowledged upon the completion of the work. Besides the fact of the various materials relating to the historj' of the parish as before mentioned being in my possession, r ^, ,1, ^'^gg^^.llUA 1 ■■ . . M '1 ' 1 ; ^1 ' o ^ , ' ^ t; \j -*■ 1' i\'! « I,-* 1 1 ' < ■=i. 6 Histo?~ical Notices^ etc.^ of Southam. there were some special inducements for me to make tliis humble effort from the circumstances that both of m\- parents' families for at least three or four generations had been born at, and intimately connected with, the town. There were circumstances in the annals conveyed to me by oral tradition, especially as to the events of the last century, from those now passed away ; and having myself nearly arrived at the term of ' threescore years and ten,' there were also some of my own early recollections, which I ventured to think might be placed together so as to afford some interest and amusement. ' Tempora mutantur sed nos mutamur in illis.' But I forget. The proverb itself reminds me that even the quotation of Latin is a fashion rather of the past generation, and times in this respect are also changed. Indications, however, of change, and the constant tendency to change in all things that are only secular and human may be sought for and found in the records of our parochial histories, in the various stages of society, the folk-lore, verbal usages, and even in the faint echoes of old- world traditions. It has been my endeavour, with some kind assistance, as before alluded to, to publish an account of my native place, which though by no means claiming to be exhaustive or free from defects and errors, yet is a careful attempt to deal as fully as was in my power and ability with the condition of the place and its inhabitants in past times. With regard to general parochial history, it has been the custom often to make the Domesday Survey the usual starting- point, or, to use another metaphor, to trace the course of events no further back, perhaps, at all than the Norman occupation. In Introductory. the case of Southam, however, a document containing the metes and boundaries of the Saxon manor given by King Ethelred to Earl Leofvvine was known to be in existence. An attempt will be made to interpret this, and to follow up some indications that have been found of a still earlier British occupation. A friend, whose family was intimately connected with Southam in former generations, has kindly undertaken to contribute a chapter dealing with these early periods, which it is hoped will appear in a succeeding number. The matter for most of the numbers is being proceeded with as fast as possible, and it is expected that the work will be com- pleted, as announced in the prospectus, in eight parts, together with illustrations, appendices, and tables of contents. Registers, etc. Of parochial registers generally we know that they originated from the new state of things when Henry VIII. and that extra- ordinary man, Thomas Cromwell, his minister and chief agent in policy and statecraft, gathered up into his master's hands entire ecclesiastical power and control. They, without scruple — one in the place of Pope, the other as his Vicar-General — contrived and arbitrarily put in force their new arrangements about religion. Those orders and regulations which had previously emanated either from the Pope or the bishops, or the heads of the monastic establishments, came now from ' the Vicar-General and King's Vice-gerent ' (Sim's ' Manual,' 2nd ed., p. 201). Such vvere Thomas 8 Historical Notices^ etc,^ of S out ham. Cromwell's high-sounding appellations. A mandate was soon issued for the keeping of registers in each parish, as is related in the following account of the successive regulations made respecting them in this and the next reign. It is thus stated by well-known authorities: After the dissolution of the monasteries and the dis- persion of the monks, who were up to that period the principal register-keepers, a mandate was issued in 1538 by Thos. Cromwell, the aforesaid Vicar- General, for the keeping of registers, baptisms, and marriages in each parish. Afterwards, in the reign of Elizabeth, it was ordered that every minister at his institution should subscribe to this protestation : ' I shall keep the register- book according to the Oueene's Majesties injunction.' The monastic records had in great part been swept away. ' Polj-dore Vergil,^ an Italian, did our nation that deplorable injury: for that his own historic might pass for current he burned and embezzled the best and UiOst ancient records and monuments of our abbies, priories, and cathedral churches, under color (having a large com- ' .A. native of Urbino in Italy ; being in holy orders, he was before 1503 sent over to England by Pope Alexander VI. to collect the tax called Peter-pence, and he spent the greater part of the remainder of his life in this country, continuing his residence long after he lost his office, of which he was the last holder. Soon after he came to England Vergil obtained the Rectory of Church Langton in Leicestershire, and in 1507 he was made Archdeacon of Wells, and was also collated in the same year, first to the prebend of Nonnington in the Cathedral of Hereford, and then to that of Scamelsby in the Cathedral of Lincoln, which last he exchanged in 1513 for that of Oxgate in St. Paul's. His principal work is the ' Historia .Anglica,' a history of England from the earliest times to the reign of Henry VII. He left England in 1550. — See Burnet, ' History of the Reformation,' Part II. Introductory. mission under the great seal) of making search for all monuments, manuscripts, and records that might make for his purpose.' John Bale,i writing in 1549, says: 'The library books of monasteries ' Bale, John, Bishop of Ossory in Ireland, born at Cove, a small village in Suffolk about five miles from Dunwich, November 21, 1495. When he was twelve years of age he was placed in the monastery of Carmelites at Norwich, whence he was afterwards sent to Cambridge, and entered of Jesus College In 1529 he is mentioned as Prior of the Carmelites at Ipswich. His education, of course, was in the Romish religion, but sometime subsequent to 1529 he turned Protestant, and gave pioof of having renounced one at least of the rules of the Catholic religion (the celibacy of the clergy) by immediately marrying. This exposed him to the persecution of the Romish clergy, against whom, however, I e was protected by the Lord Cromwell. An original letter from Bale to Lord Cromwell is in the Cottonian Library, complaining of poverty, persecution, and imprisonment, in which he styles himself Doctor of Divinity, and 'late parysh prest of Thorndon in Suffolk.' After Cromwell's death Bale retired to the Low Countries, where he remained eight years, busying himself chiefly with his pen. He was then recalled into England by King Edward VI., and obtained the living of Bishopstoke in Hampshire, and in 1552 the Bishopric of Ossory. Bale's zeal for the Protestant religion rendered him so unpopular that on the arrival of the news of Edward VI. 's death his life was endangered ; five of his servants were killed by the kernes, who attacked his house, Holmes Court near Kilkenny, and he himself was obliged to be escorted to Dublin by a hundred horse, and three hundred foot, soldiers. Here also he found himself insecure, and, being assaulted in Dublin by the Roman Catholics, he at last made his escape on board a trading vessel of Zealand in mariner's apparel. Aft r being captured and plundered by a Dutch man-of-war, and running several risks, he got at last to Holland, where he was kept a prisoner three weeks, and then obtained his liberty on payment of thirty pounds. From Holland he retired to Basle in Switzerland, and continued abroad during the short reign of Mary. On the accession of Queen Elizabeth he returned to Eng- land, but not to his bishopric in Ireland, preferring a private life, and contenting himself with a prebend in the cathedral church of Canterbury. He died in November, 1563, and was buried there in the (athedral. ISishop Bale's fame now principally rests on his valuable collection of British biography, first published 2 TO Historical Notices^ eic.^ of Southa/n. were reserved by the purchasers of those houses to serve their Jakes/ to scour their candle-sticks, and to rub their boots ; some were sold to grocers, sope-sellers, and some sent over the sea to the bookbinders, not in small numbers, but at times whole ships full. A merchant bought two noble libraries for 403.' Thus, as to local and personal records of the births, deaths, and marriages of individuals in the various parishes an entirely fresh beginning was made throughout the kingdom, and registers commencing as these in the year 1539 are amongst the earliest found. Notes will be given with the registers, and also with the churchwardens' accounts. The national history not unfrequently is illustrated and borne witness to by the contents of such documents as these. Even one particular fact of antiquarian research and discovery may afford the means, like a single bone of an extinct species of animal, to construct the framework by which to estimate the form and proportion of past events and conditions of societj-, and recover them from the haze of myth and folk-lore into the light of modern under the title of ' Illustrium Majoris Britanniae Scriptorum, hoc est Angliae, Cambrice, et Scotite, Summarium,' 4to., 1548. He has himself preserved in this very work a long list of his other writings. No character has been more variously represented than Bale's. He inveighed with so much asperity against the Pope and the papists that his writings were prohibited. ' Biliosus Bala;us ' and ' Baleus in mukis mendax ' are expressions used about him, but he was a writer of the greatest diligence, and Bishop Godwi 1 gives him the credit of being a laborious inquirer into British antiquities. — From Knight's ' Biog. Diet.,' vol. i. ' A word of uncertain etymology, a closet : ' I will tread this inbolted villain into mort.ir and daul) the walls o( j(>/:cs with him ' (.Shakespeare). Men closed in armour are called /((/vv/men ('Account of Coventrie Mysteries'). Thus the \\avAjac/:cl seems to be of the same derivation. Introductory. 1 I investigations and ideas. The habits, pursuits and manners of succeeding generations may be traced. It will be seen that the improvements and refinements of modern civilization among us are many and great. Let us do our part in extending and utilizing them for all who are by any means shut out from the wholesome and complete enjoyment of them. We shall find indications that in the era of the Reformation, when men's minds were suddenly enfranchised, the material aids of art and architecture in religion were despised and disregarded. A cold and squalid meanness, and neglect of the fabrics of our ancient churches — the result of an austere and fanatical puritanism — overspread the land. Many found warmth and excitement in the crowds that libtened to the new preachers; others, adhering to the old religion, became popish recusants. The lights and the ornaments and ritual observances of the ancient worship disappeared. Yet soon after we find church accounts, though not showing evidences of the cost of such ceremonies, yet burthened too frequently in their place with parochial expenses that betray the wants and failings and frailties of the community. Parochial self- government was, however, gradually developed. The names of Justice, Constable, Overseers of the poor, and the various parish officers, frequently occur, especially in connection with proceedings and law suits about 'settlements' and removals of 'paupers,' and the idle, dissolute, and dishonest of the parish are too often in evidence in the books. Especially towards the end of the last century did the expenses of the parish, not in ecclesiastical but in entirely secular matters, so much increase in the costs of lit'gation, I 2 Historical Notices^ etCy of Soiitham. the prosecution of offenders, and the support of a large pauperized proportion of the people that the state of things became at last intolerable. In some places the rates amounted to nearly the whole of the assessments, and the unfortunate owners, like Actseon and his hounds, seemed on the point of being devoured by their own ' canaille,' all feelings of independence having been crushed out and destroyed by the evils of a pauper-making system. To return to the previous period, and our account of the successive regulations about parish registration. The protestation made in Elizabeth's reign by each minister at institution that he would ' keep the register book according to the Queene's Majesties' injunction ' not being well attended to, and the entries only on paper not being preserved as was necessary, it was ordained by a constitution made by the archbishops and clergy of Canterbury, October 25, 1597, \\\2X parchment register-books should be purchased at the expense of each parish, and that there should be transcribed at the same parish cost from the paper books then in use into the parchment registers, not only the names of those who had been baptized, married, or buried during the reign of the then Queen (which commenced 1558, a period of thirty-nine years prior to the mandate), but also the names cf those who thenceforth should be baptized, married, or buried. Such transcripts to be examined, and their correctness certified at the bottom of each page by the clergyman and churchwardens. It is these transcripts made on parchment from the old paper books which are now in existence. The constitution above-mentioned was approved by the Queen under the Great Seal of England, and ordered to be hitroductory. 1 3 observed in both provinces of Canterbury and York ; and these regulations were confirmed by the 70th Ecclesiastical Canon of 1603, which enacts also that for the safe keeping of the register books, ' the churchwardens at the charge of the parish shall provide one sure coffer with three locks and keys; whereof the one to remain with the minister, and the other two with the church- wardens severally ; so that neither the minister without the two churchwardens, nor the churchwardens without the minister, shall at any time take that book out of the said coffer. And henceforth upon every Sabbath day, immediately after morning or evening prayer, the minister and churchwardens shall take the said parchment book out of the said coffer, and the minister in the presence of the churchwardens shall write and record in the said book the names of all persons christened, married, and buried in that parish the week before.' The Constitution, made in the latter part of the reign of Elizabeth by the archbishops and clergy October 25, 1597, seems to have been attended to at Southam without any loss of time, for in the churchwardens' accounts for the same year there are these entries : ' Paid to John Spicer for Parchment to make a Register Book iv^ iiijd.' ' To Thos : Edmonds for makeing the Register Book vijfi.' And in the following year, ' P'^ at delivering the Register book ij* ij^.' The copies made into the parchment book in 1597 are certified by the signatures at the bottom of each page of John Oxenbridge, minister, Edmund Coles, and John Geadon, churchwardens, up to the year 1597 inclusive In the succeeding pages of the book, as far only as 1604, the names of the minister. 14 Histoj'ical Notices^ etc., of Soiitham. pastor, or rector, with those of the churchwardens, also appear, but after that year they are omitted. In the preparation of the registers it has been endeavoured to preserve the exact spelling of the names as they occur in the entries. Owing to the la.xity of English spelling and pronunciation a name is capable of presenting a great variety of forms. The people knew their own surnames only by oral usage, and were very much dependent upon the parish clerk, or the person who wrote down the name as it sounded to him, and the ill-paid clergy were obliged to be content with very uneducated men to serve in the capacity of clerk. Especially the registers of the latter part of the seventeenth century are indited in every variety of illegible bad writing. Original entries, i.e., entries made at the time of performing the religious ceremony, are by no means frequent. In the middle of that century the Commonwealth Parliament, in the spirit of some of our modern legislators, were bent upon dispossessing the clergyman and churchwardens of most of their time-honoured parochial functions. An Act of Parliament was passed in 1653 appointing, instead of the minister, paid registrars to every village. These were illiterate men whose only accomplishments consisted of being able to read and write. This was the same Parliament that made the marriage ceremon\' entirely a civil performance, beginning with a proclamation of a sort of banns in the market place on three successive market-days, and ending before a justice of the peace (see some of the succeeding entries in the marriage registers). With regard to the churchwardens' books it may be remarked that some of their contents have been occasion- ally published and referred to before, but some interesting entries hitroductory. 1 5 had been entirely unnoticed and nndeciphered, and, in fact, were becoming almost illegible. These required careful examination, and that an attempt should be made at annotation. This has been accordingly done to the best of my ability. While preparing this introduction for the press, a leading article has appeared in the Guardian newspaper, January lo, 1894, on the 'Custody of Parish Registers,' to the following effect. After alluding to the relinquishment of a clause in the Parish Councils Bill, now before the House of Lords, committing the register books to the custody of the Council, out of the hands of the incumbent, churchwardens or parish clerk, the writer of the article proceeds to ask 'whether the present custody of these interesting documents is the most satisfactory that can be devised. For interesting documents they are. The records of the baptisms, marriages, and burials of all, or almost all, our parishes from 1538 — when they were inaugurated by an injunction of Thomas Cromwell — down to the present day must needs contain a great amount of information, valuable and even necessary to historical or literary students, and through them to the whole mass of the reading public. It is very desirable that these registers should be carefully preserved, and readily accessible. How little the first condition has been fulfilled is sadly known to anyone whose antiquarian taste has led him to look up the early entries of any parish. Where has he found one that goes back in unbroken continuity to the reign of Elizabeth, to say nothing of the time of Thomas Cromwell ? How often has he been disappointed by torn sheets, decayed and mouldy pages, or by the total disappearance of the records of whole periods of i6 Historical Notices^ etc.^ of Southam. years ? Fire and damp, neglect and carelessness, and even wilful destruction have done their part so well that it is computed that not eight per cent, of the parishes of England can show an unbroken series of registers from 1538. It is true that all this has been done in bygone years of laxity and ignorance, and that the present generation of clergy are not likely, as a whole, to repeat the mischief of their predecessors. But such mischief is still possible through indolence or indifference, and it raises the question whether it might not be well to remove the old registers, which every year renders more precious, to some custody where they shall be absolutely safe.' Let us add that their condition from age and decay is often such that they are only fit to be most carefully handled, and entirely preserved from damp. Whereas they are every year deteriorating from the fact that they are frequently mixed up with a quantity of other uninteresting later parish documents, in the rather damp depths of the old parish coffer in the church, or exposed with the latest register books in weekly use to the wear and tear of being frequently disturbed in a small iron chest in the vestry, or the incumbent's house. The writer in the Guardian then mentions the intention to introduce into Parliament a Bill for the transference of all registers from 1538 to 1837 to the Public Record Office, where there is both absolute security against fire and damp and wilful mischief, and also a staff of trained officials who know how to deal with these antiquarian treasures ; or, as an alternative, he suggests ' their removal to the cathedral of each diocese, which ought to be able to furnish buildings capable of preserving them, and there would be the advantage of continuing Introductory, 1 7 their traditional connection with the church, and in some degree with the locality.' The provision of suitable buildings and officials in every diocese would entail, however, very great additional expense, and the risks of inattention would be multiplied. The surest and best means for the preservation of the contents of these documents appears to the editor of this work to be by means of the printing-press, and, when desirable, by methods of facsimile reproduction. At the same time let it be understood that none of these would have legal validity, which, as before, should only be given, either by an extract from the original testified in the usual manner, or, when the state of the registers made it desirable, from a properly authenticated transcript, made, and retained for that purpose under authority, by some appointed official. It is also to be remarked that the registers if once removed out of their own parishes into a large public collection would lose all individuality, and become merged in the mass of manuscripts which are more or less buried in every large library. It is a pity that some measure cannot be taken for a few copies being printed of the registers of each parish ; the work is gradually being undertaken privately, but ought to be worked on a more systematic plan throughout England. Again, if a printed copy properly indexed were at hand for reference it would save very much of the 'wear and tear' necessarily occasioned through inability to read the unfamiliar old handwriting. While on any legal matter where an attested copy from the original was necessary, it could still be obtained. — Thoyts on Old Documents. General notes and genealogical references upon the registers 3 1 8 Historical Notices^ etc. ^ of Southa?n. are being prepared, and will be published in the Appendix. In the meantime the editor will be glad to receive any information or remarks that may explain and elucidate the subject, especially in relation to any known descents of families named therein. N .B. — TJic civil, ecclesiastical and legal year, which was used by the Church and in all public i)istrumcnts until the end of the thirteenth coitury, began at Christmas. In and after the fourteenth century it commenced on March 25, and so continued until January i, 1753. n'^^.^fjr'^fi^fri^f iii'k^^-i^9i^3l9i'!S9,'^i^=i'9J&3ii&3i^9fS'}im^iaji'i9JSi9d'^'S>9i^^ Chapter II. The Parish in iis Prim Hive Condition. EFORE entering upon our historical descriptions we will begin by making a few observations upon the natural state and appearance in early times of that portion of the country in which Southam is situated. Of course the condition of the surface of any district varies very much according to the nature of the geological formation on which it rests. The remarks, therefore, that we may be able to make upon either the British, Roman, Saxon or subsequent Norman occupation, shall be deferred until we have made some observations on the topography of the parish. This portion of England, constituting in Saxon times part of the kingdom of Mercia, was, both on account of its situation and the condition of its surface, by no means one of the earliest to be reclaimed and cultivated. It was described by Csesar as one great horrid forest, and certainly traces of either British or Roman occupation^ are much less frequent than in some other districts, 1 The only example of Roman remains that I have heard of being found in the immediate neighbourhood is a cup or vessel of Roman pottery found at Stockton. This was discovered and identified by the late Rector, and placed in the museum at Oxford. The name Stockton means a stockaded or fortified position, and to 20 Historical Notices^ etc., of Southam. especially such as adjoin the coast or were rendered less impene- trable by nature. The name of ' the Arden,' meaning ancient forest, was at first applicable to the whole of Warwickshire and parts of the adjacent counties, though afterwards restricted to the district south of the Avon, the northern portion of the country being called ' the Feldon,' where the forest had been partially cleared and the trees felled so as to form fields for cultivation. But this had been done only to a very small extent in Sa.xon times, and we shall find that even at the period of the Norman Survey nearly the whole of Southam parish was unreclaimed. The cultivated portion consisted of only about 400 acres, and must have been like a small oasis among the 2,300 acres of wild woods of which the rest of the parish consisted. The population, too, was very scanty, there being perhaps thirty or forty people engaged upon the soil, besides the few woodmen (forestarii^) who had charge of all the uncultivated land and forest and its separate rights. Thus it will be seen that very little change had been effected by man's industry upon the features of this locality even down to historical times. Much weight should be allowed to this consideration in our forming an estimate of the circumstances that attended the future growth of the community and the influences that occasioned or directed it. account for the presence of this cup Stockton may have been temporarily occupied by some soldiers of the 'legio secunda' from the Roman 'castrum jestivum ' at Chesterton, or in marching across the country in some expedition from military stations upon the Fosse Road or Watling Street, which are not far distant. ' Forest (from Lat. fores, outside) signifying not necessarily a wood, but territory, or the part of a manor outside' the cultivated land and pastures, the officers of which were called the 'forestarii,' whose charge was beyond the cultivated portion of the domain. ERRATA. Page 20, line 5, rt'^7c(' ' district north of the Avon, the sputhoii portion,' etc. Register of ISaptisnis, page 3, read ^ A/i/io y" Edw. VI.' Also the first three entries are repeated in error from the preceding page. Tlie Parish i?i its P ri/nitive Conditio?!. 2 i It is well known, and has been often stated, how the manor^ of Southam, with no less than twenty-three other lordships, was given by Earl Leofric and his Countess Godiva to the Benedictine Monastery at Coventry on its foundation, and full particulars on the subject will be supplied in a succeeding chapter. But at this point it may be asked whether we are not apt to allow notions derived from a later feudal state of territorial grandeur and magnificence, associated in our minds with such large possessions, rather to confuse our ideas as to what was the real nature of the gift placed in the hands of the monks ? Are we not sometimes disposed to be amazed at such good fortune, and almost inclined to pity the credulous and what some may consider the misplaced munificence of the donors ? But, really, upon candid enquiry we shall find that the transaction amounted to little more than the attempt to bring the districts where these manors were situated more completely under the sphere of Christian influence as then understood, and it partook of the nature of civilizing and missionary work. How far such means were successful our following history will help us to discover. We should scarcely be in a position to enter fairly on that portion of the subject without consideration of the state and condition of the parishes in the times when they were first enrolled amongst the monastery's possessions. We may say that they appear to have been generally very much in the condition in which nature had left them. Now, as the appearance of the natural surface of a country, as before remarked, is much deter- ' Manor (from the British ' inacn-ori a stone wall), hence a piece of land and house so enclosed for protection from wild beasts and marauders, afterwards a general name for an estate or lordship 2 2 HistOi^ical Notices^ etc.^ of Southajii. mined by its geological formation and the nature of the soil, we may form a picture of the state of the parish at the time when it passed into the hands of the monks by considering what would be its primitive condition before being cultivated, and what would be the natural growth thereon, the sorts of trees, thickets and underwood ; we may then enumerate the wild animals, beasts of prey, and birds of various descriptions, of which the above would form the ' environment.' The kind assistance of a gentleman well acquainted with the geology and natural history of the district has been afforded in this portion of the subject. The geological position of Southam is liassic, lying just within the great Lias belt which runs deviously through England, from the north-east of Yorkshire to the sea-coast of Dorset. At about two miles to the west it passes into the Keuper marls ; and in its immediate neighbourhood are found the shallow strata locally called 'White Lias,' which are probably of Rhsetic age. It was this stone which was formerly quarried at Mill Pitts, in Southam parish, and used rather extensively in the locality. The Lower Lias of Southam, Harbur)-, and Stockton, is surmounted at Napton by the Middle Lias, or Marlstone, which includes Edgehill, and strikes southward into Oxfordshire ; while the Upper Lias occurs in the hills above Fenny Compton. The average thickness of the Lower Lias is estimated at 500 feet. It is seen to great advantage in the Stockton quarries, near Southam, which are richly fossili- ferous. There are Ammonites of every size, of Nautilus not a few, with the common Lima, which gives its name to the beds. The much rarer Lima Henuanni, Echinoderms and Gryphasas, The Parish iji its Primitive Condition, 23 Neocyathus and Montlivalvia, Saurian vertebras without end, are found. From the Napton Marlstone we gather Hippopodium, Modiola, Pholadomya, Trochus, Cardium, Belemnites large and small, with the fragments of Encrinites, known locally as ' Napton Stars ;' also, Pectens (escallops)} At the turn from the Southam and Rugby road to Stockton are the denuded remains of what Ur. Crosskey believes to be an ancient Triassic height.- The Lias, as ' About these 'escallops,' Dugdale says, ' Robert held three virgates of land at Napton from Turchil in the Conquerors time ; his posterity continuing that place for their Habitation, and thence assuming their surname. They were supposed by some to have been a branch of the \'crnons of Cheshire, which may very well be, for the arms of this family do differ no otherwise, in the Ordinary, from that, tlian by the escalops tipon the fcsse, taken, as 'tis like, in Respect that in some parts of this Lordship there are stones of that kind (I mean like unto escalops] found, as in the ne.xt (Shuckborough) be those called " astroi/cs." Which Usage in assuming such particulars for their Bearings in Arms as the Place where the Person hath resided was famous for, is very ancient ; Witness the ermines by the Duke of Biitanny, being a Furr wherewith that country much aboundeth, by Reason of those little Beasts so-called which are in those Parts ; as also the Muscles by the Dukes of Rohan, in Regard the Carps in that Dutchy have such Marks upon their Scales,' etc. Since Crusader Escallops are borne on /he field, not on a fess, Dugdale's conjecture is probably as correct as it is ingenious. The arms of Shuckborough bear the Napton quartering, thus ; ' Or, on a fess azure, three escallops argetit {Napton).' — From the ' Herald's Visitation,' 1619. 'This family (Shuckburgh) do bear for their Amies, Sable, a Cheveron betwixt three Mullets argent ; relating, as 'tis observable, to those little stones called Astroites, which are very like a Mullet, and frequently found in the plowed Fields hereabouts.' — ' Dugdale,' p. 219. - This is not an ice-borne boulder, but a genuine red sandstone hill, standing 24 Historical Notices^ etc,^ of Southa^n. its name imports, is disposed in layers of alternate soft blue shale and hard gray rock, the latter formed probably by segregation after deposit, particles of lime and carbonic acid separating from the soft mass, leaving behind the silica, iron, alumina, magnesia, and con- densing into hard rock. At the quarries the shale is thrown away as worthless, the rock is crushed and burnt, losing in the process its carbonic acid, its bulk of lime being much increased, its silica and alumina more than doubled, its magnesia and iron quadrupled. (See analysis given below. ^) So far with regard to the geological formation of Southam and district. The same gentleman who has kindly supplied the above information also says : It is easy to reconstruct in imagination the 2,300 acres of Southam forest land by arguing from the present to the past : what grows now unassisted on the soil would grow there in Saxon times, and abundant analogy enables us to people the woods with tenants. Conceive a forest of ash and elm, varied less profusely with poplar out anciently as a small island, cut off by the shallow Liassic sea from the main- land of what is now Long Itchington, just as the Steep Holmes is cut off from Brean Down and Worle Hill by the Severn Sea. It was denuded and ground down by the ice ; its remains are visible in the excavation near Hawkes' deserted brickyard, and in the sandpits on the Southam Road. ' The accompanying analysis shows the relative constituents of shale, rock, cement : Carbonic Acid and Water Lime Silica ... I ron Alumina Magnesia Loss loo' ... too" Shale Rock Ccnifnl 29'6o 40-35 1-66 30-68 41-58 58-17 2471 10-28 23-03 5-19 1-64 4'93 7-84 3-40 7-13 0-49 4-25 1-98 2-26 •83 . The Parish i?i its Primitive Co7jdition. 25 and birch: no oaks, beeches, firs- — for firs love sandy soil, beeches stony ground with rotten surface, oaks clay of far less tough character than our Lias. There was a thick undergrowth of blackthorn, hawthorn, buckthorn, bullace, crab, and some holly, interlaced with wild rose of three kinds, with brambles, and with woodbine. Along the course of the brook, and in other places, were swamps with wide, shallow pools, islanded with humps of tussock grass, choked often with cradle-rushes, great reeds, oat grass and bulrushes, fringed with willows and sallows, elders, spindle tree and alders. The forest would be haunted probably by wolves and bears,^ certainly by wild boars ; there would be foxes, badgers, polecats, wild cats, martens, stoats, weasels ; squirrels would canter along the branches above, hedgehogs rummage for pignuts below, bats would nest in the hollows, otters would fish in the stream, vipers frequent the swamps, grass-snakes and blindworms the patches of open ground. Progenitors of the birds we see to-day would, of course, abound : rooks, jackdaws, starlings, plovers, hedge-sparrows, finches, blackcaps, redbreasts. There would be kingfishers, owls of several sorts, ravens, hooded crows (the ' russet-pated chough ' which Shakespeare knew round Stratford), the greater and the lesser shrike, the jay, the woodpecker. Snipe and woodcock and quail would be numerous; wild ducks would come for shelter in the winter, herons for fishing in the spring ; the ' bittern's hollow bill ' would sound ghostly and weird at midnight ; the buzzard and ' Wolves and bears \\eie still extant in some of our English forests in the reign of Henry III., 1243. 26 Historical Notices^ etc.^ of Southam. kite, as well as the sparrow-hawk and kestrel, would hover and range for pre}'. There are spots even now in Surrey, the New Forest, the Fens, where these conditions hold, not yet extirpated by clearance, population, drainage : they reflect the features of rural England ten centuries ago; of Southam in its degree unquestionably. The Flora of the Southam district is comparatively poor ; the least observant eye will be impressed by the want of colour in the hedgerows ; and while the neighbouring Avon basin contains more than a thousand plants, only 744 have been found in the whole Leam basin, of which the Southam neighbourhood, drained by the Itchen, is the least prolific part. Many familiar plants are altogether wanting ; for the wood anemone, for instance, we must cross from the Lias into the Keuper. There are, however, a few rare and interesting plants. Close to Southam grow ' Rubus tenuis, Pyrus mitis, Hippuris vulgaris, Setaria viridis ; while in the brackish Southam Holt we find Scirpus maritimus and Tabernfemontani.' (For detailed list of the Flora of the neighbour- hood, see below.') ' In Itchington Holt are Callitriche obtusangula, Neottia nidus-avis, and Chara papillata ; in Ufton Wood, even now, perhaps, not exhausted, Lotus tenuis, Geum intermedium, Rosa subcristata, Galium Bakeri, Anagallis ca;rulea, Calamagrostis epigeios and lanceolata. Rosa arvatica occurs in Stockton, where also ]!upleurum rotundifolium is common on the allotments, Ophioglossum vulgatum in the meadows, Ophrys apifera in the stone quarries, Rhamnus catharticus in the hedges ; and a waste near Messrs. Nelson's wharf is unusually rich in Chlora perfoliata, Erythnca Centauiium, and Gentiana amarclla. Mistletoe grows only in an orchard at Birdingbury, Carex la:vigata in the Harbury railway cutting, Rubus hystrix in Frankton Wood, Rubus pubescens at Lower Shuckborough. The snow- drop is apparently an alien in a copse at Birdingbury ; Cnicus eriophorus is common in a hedge near Harbury, close to which has also been found a white variety of Cicorium intybus. The two reservoirs yield a good supply of lacustrine The Parish in its Primitive Co?iditio7i, 27 The name of the place is variously written in ancient records — ' Socha,' ' Sucham,' and, finally, ' Southam.' These, however, all have the same derivation which Dugdale supposes was ' given by Reason of its Southern site from some former Plantation, the word ham with our ancestors signifying the same as habitatio.' This plants, and the Itchen, shallow, but with occasional deep pools and with gentle current, is beautifully weed-grown. The existing Fauna is not more imposing than the Flora. Spinneys and plantations, old double hedgerows, secluded ponds with overhanging trees, are the homes of bird and beast ; and in these Southam is deficient. Of less ordinary birds, the Nuthatch, common around Leamington, is very seldom seen upon the Lias ; as rarely the redstart, shrike, blackcap, wheatear, whitethroat, stonechat, corncrake. The bullfinch is very common, the goldfinch almost unknown. Nightin- gales are rare visitants ; they built and sang for some years in a coppice close to the Long Itchington road, but they have disappeared of late. The white owl may be heard frequently by those who lie awake at night, the screech owl now and then, the nightjar never. A single pair of grosbeaks appeared for several successive seasons, but their nesting-place could not be traced. In small brook- watered thickets here and there the early migrants may be recognised as they arrive ; the chiff-chaff first of all, then the willow-wren, less commonly the wood- wren. In one of these ' still removed places ' a pair of weasels make their home and bring up their young each year. Coots and moorhens frequent the brooks and reservoirs ; only at long intervals are seen there the heron, sandpiper, or kingfisher. The entomologist will soon complete his possible captures. A few blue, copper, and Burnet moths flit in some of the neglected pastures, overgrown with restharrow and choked with mole-heaps. The brimstone butterfly marks late autumn and early spring ; in August and September peacocks and red admiral--, with an occasional painted lady, throng the gardens ; the humming-bird moth is a regular visitant, and swarmed during the hot summer of 1893 ; while of beetles, Carabus violaceus, rare in many places, is unusually abundant. The microscopist will search vainly in the clay-bottomed pools for the many kinds of Entomostraca and Infusoria, as of Diatomacea; and Alg:e, which he has been wont to extract in more favoured spots. The average rainfall of the Southam district is about 30 inches ; the approximate mean temperature is 48', the mean height of barometer 29'640. 28 Historical Notices^ etc.^ of Southam. word ' ham ' has become our peculiarly English word ' home.' Southam therefore means the ' ham ' or ' home ' to the South of some earlier settlement. We will venture to offer a conjecture what this former plantation could be from its relation to which Southam took its name. There are many reasons to show that this was very probably Long Itchington (Icetone longa). It lies directly to the north of this place ; and when Southam at the Doomsday Survey contained only about 400 acres, as we have seen, of cultivated land, Itchington had already more than 2,400 acres, or nearly the whole of the parish, already in cultivation ; while there were ' four score and three villeins with two priests ' there and only 'twenty villeins,' with no mention of a priest at all, at Southam. This shows how very much more important and populous Itching- ton at that time was, and what is more likely than that, some settlers might have pushed on into the woods on the south, forming a small settlement which they called the South-ham. Itchington, too, was of ecclesiastical importance, having two priests, and it had not long before been the birthplace of St. Wulstan, made Bishop of Worcester by Edward the Confessor, 1062 How soon the early settlers made their appearance, established a home and built a church, and wliether there was one at the time of the Survey cannot be discovered. Certainly, there being no mention of a priest it might lead us to suppose that there was no church. This omission, however, in Doomsdaj' is not considered at all decisive on that point, as it did not take much notice of ecclesi- astical matters, except only in respect of the property held. There are only four places in Warwickshire that are mentioned in that record whose names have the termination 'ham.' The 'The Parish i?i its Priffiitive Conditio?!. 29 meaning attached to it of ' home ' has been supposed to imply a settlement made among a friendly population, while the termination ' ton,' signifying a fortified position, carries with it rather an opposite inference. In the same record there are no less than 113 places in Warwickshire with the termination ' ton,' so that it has been concluded that the Saxon settlements here were made at first among a hostile British population ; while those in some other parts, especially the eastern counties where ' ham ' prevails, were made among a friendly people, those counties having been almost entirely Saxonized many years before the departure of the Romans. The name Southam, then, seems to suit our supposed origin of the place as it implies a peaceful settlement, not made against former opposing occupiers, but with friendly and kindred neighbours — in short, an offshoot from one stock, or, we may say, a swarm or cast from an adjacent hive. Of course the constituents of the soil and the contours of the surface, the natural slopes and elevations and depressions of the ground, remain the same, but then there were no roads or bridges, and hardly any cultivated land in proportion to the dense thickets and underwood around it. The part of the parish that seems to have been the last to have been cleared and reclaimed is still called ' The Holt,' which means a hold or den of wild animals, and it is there where we now find a salt spring,' which may have been their resort. Besides the more gentle undulations, there is the hill and rising ground, on which the church and town now stand ; - The spring in the Holt is of a shghtly medicinal character, resembhng the Leamington waters ; we cannot say whether this would be a corrective dietetic for bears and wild boars, but it might ha\e been. 30 Historical Notices^ etc.^ of Southajn, and there would be then, as now, the comparatively lofty heights of Shuckborough and Napton adding to the distant scenery. We must not forget the ' Holy Well ' and the Brook close by. Some account of the former will be given in a future number. The Brook, which has now lost its importance, does not appear, in early times, to have had a distinctive name.^ Dugdale calls it ' another iorrcnt flowing into Ichene, which hath its head within the precincts of Napton.' However, from the term used by him, it would appear to have been anything but the very slow and almost stagnant stream it now is, and before the construction of the Napton reservoirs at the end of the last century, which interfered with the springs, it might have been still something of a ' torrent.' Indeed, it has been said that it, together, it is presumed, with the neighbouring river Ichene, abounded with fish to such a degree that indentures had a clause restraining master tradesmen in the town from keeping their apprentices on a fish diet more than two days in the week. We suspect, however, that any such stipulation originally referred rather to salt fish than to those of our midland brooks and streams. It is well known that measures were taken in the reign of Elizabeth for promoting the general consumption of fish throughout the kingdom ; they proceeded partly from motives of public policy, of encouraging the fisheries and thus maintaining mariners, and partly in accordance with the religious regulations of the Church.- It ' The name of Sowe that has been sometimes given to the brook is fanciful and without authority. 2 ' It was about this time, December 21, 1576, the Queen (Ehzabcth) and her privy council sijjnified to the archbishop (Grindal) her pleasure for the punctual observation of the Ember days and season of Lent ; at which times alistinence from flesh should be strictly observed by all : which he was commanded to signify The Parish iii its Primitive Condition. 31 might well happen that advantage was sometimes unduly taken of these circumstances by the heads of households to restrict the use of flesh meat from their apprentices and dependants, and to substitute fish too often, either in accordance with individual, religious, or economical predilections, or both. There can be no doubt that in former times fish were very plentiful in these brooks. Those native to the waters and that abounded most, would be chub, perhaps bream, certainly roach, dace, bleak, perch — ' the bright-eyed perch with fins of Tyrian dye ' — ruffs or popes, gudgeon,^ eels,- etc. We may imagine what quantities of such fish there would be before the pike {csox lucius), ' the tyrant of the watery plains,' began to raven and devour amongst them !^ to the rest of the bishops ; the thing being so advantageous far the breeding 'of seafarins; men, so necessary in these times of danger: which was the reason urged for the observation of it, and not upon any superstitious account, as some might imagine. And of this all ministers were commanded to instruct and excite their people in their sermons.' — Grind. Reg., fo. 150. ' There are the smaller fry of minnows, loach, bull-heads, or miller's-thumbs, and sticklebacks, in plenty, while in some parts cray-fish are found, and the curious caddis, called by Walton the ' straw- worm,' or 'ruffe-coat,' 'good indeed to take any kind of fish with flote or otherwise.' ^ Eels were in such estimation that a certain number (called a stic/c of eels, because of their being strung upon an osier-rod) was often stipulated for as a payment to monasteries from their tenants at the mills, or near the rivers. In the same way also in this district, wax and honey, the produce of Nature's primitive methodists — the bees— was supplied from the uplands. Besides the great value of honey for sweetening purposes before the importation of cane-sugar, the quantity of wax required for the numerous lights used in the churches was enormous, and as a votive offering it was very acceptable to ecclesiastics. 2 The value of this fish, called also the jack, luce, or pickerel, in the time of Edward I. was established by royal ordinance, and e.xceeded that of the best salmon, and was ten times greater than that of the best turbot or cod. In the time even of Henry VIII., so scarce was this fish, that a large one sold for double 32 Hist07'ical Notices^ etc.^ of Southam. We may here remark that the Southam Brook has been in later times called Holy Well Brook, from the circumstance of its receiving the overflow from that spring just before joining the river Ichene near Thorpe. This falls into the Learn at Marton, which unites with the Avon between Leamington and Warwick, flowing on to the Severn at Tewkesbury, "As rills to riveis broad these speed their way,' and so on to the sea. For the name of the river 'Ichene' the historian Dugdale furnishes the following curious derivation : 'The cause of its name was without all Doubt occasioned by the subterranean Passage thereof; For at Ovcr-Icheneton, upon a Common, within little more than two Miles of the Head thereof, is there a Pool upon the Heath, from \\ hich passeth a petty Stream that enters the Ground ; and running through certain intricate Passages, or Clefts in the Earth, for the Space of about Half-a-Mile at last findeth an Issue, and taketh its course into the brook before specified ; for which Reason the Name thereof, scil, f-C?l)(I?J} 9- Antonie Kcnipe „ 16. Marie Coles Oct. 3. Annis Clarke „ 20. Edmund Coles son of John Coles Nov. 1 1. Rich''' Personne Sept. 15. Annis Heritag Nov. 18. John Clarke & /born together | Ehzabethe I at a birth ' Dec. 21. Harrie Stalworth Feb. 17. Annes Walton March 7. \\-"' Wrighte „ .6. Thos: Burges „ 22. W"' Chatwine 1541, „ 26. Alys Banburie April 10. Anthonie Dewse May 8. Alys Wilkins July 31. Antonie Prophett Sept. 19. Agnes, d'' of John Rabone Nov. 14. Margarie d' of Joh n Samon „ 20. Jone d' to Thos: I .angley „ 27. \V"' son of John Spicer March 4. Thos: son of Henrie Kempe „ 8. Wiir son of John Coles March 16, Dorithie d' of Bernarde Burges „ 16, 1542, Hugh son to Robert Coles March 30, Will'" son of Roger Wrighte April 19 Ceorge son of Henrie Meacocke „ 23 Anne d'' of Rich'''^ Saunders June 1 1 Henrie son of Rich'''' Morris July 6 Anthonie & Jone Son & D''of Tho" \ Fraunckton bothe borneat a l.irtlie 1 " "■' Anthonie Son of John Dutton Aug. 6 Ann Chetwin U'' of John Chetwen Sept. 13 Harrie Son of Harrie Heritage Oct. 14 Anthonie Mershe Nov. i Isabell D' of Tho- ^^'alton „ 1 9 Annis D'' of John Prophett Jan. 29 Rich'' Son of Tho" Wrighte March 6 Eliz""^' \Y to Tho" Graie „ 10 1543, John Son of Anthonie Bruges April 3. Harrie Son of \\'ill"' Persons „ 1 1. Alis D'' of Harrie Clarke June 10. Tho' Son of Rob' Rabone July 18. Tho" Son of Edmunde Mainarde Aug. 5. Eliz"= D'' of Tho'' Stalworthe ,, 11. Jone !)'■ of John Coles ,, 12. Jone I)' of Rich'''' Wishe „ 27. Marie D' of Roberte Rose Sept. 6. Anthonie Son of Richard Wilkins „ 1 2. Jone D'' of Roger Wrighte ,, 19. Agnes D' of Harrie Johnson Nov. 7. Marie D' of Harrie Wirrall „ 11. Tho' Son of Harrie Wirrall Dec. 18. REGISTER OE BAPTISMS. Marie D'' of John Wirrall Dec. 27. Robert Son of John Spicer Feb. 10. Jone D'' of Rich''^ Sanders March 3. 1544. Agnes D'' of W" Smithe April 14, EHz''"= D'' of John Samon May 16 W" Son of Harrie Banburie June 2 i Christen Dr. of Harrie Kempe ., 22 Kathren Burges D' of Anthonie Burges July 5, John Son of Roger Ayere Aug. 13, Christian \y of Tho'' Bancrofte Sept. 23, Tho'* Son of Tho'- Sargeaunte „ 29 Robert Son of Harrie Heritage Oct. 3 W"' Son of Rob"= Judkin March 8, Lawrence Son of Tho'- Walton ,, 24 1545. Alice D'- of Rich'i^ Welshe April iS. Jone D"" of Harrie Meacocke July 1. Marie D"' of Robert Coles ,, 19. Alice D' of John Rabone Dec. 8. Agnes D'' of John Coles Nov. 30. John Son of Harrie Meycocke Ju'y 2. 1546, Annoi] : 1° Eiht. of Rich''^ Wever „ 25. Jone \y of Roger Heyres May 1 o. Isabell D' of Harrie Spicer „ 16. Alis 1)'' of Robert Rabone „ 23. Jone D"" of John Slaide „ 30. Elinor D' of Tho"' Gibbins June 11. Anne D' of Rich''-^ Wirroll Feb. 2. Eliz" D' of Edwarde Hall June t6. Rich<^= Son of Tho- Wirroll „ 24. Susan Samon D' of John Samon July 23. Jone D' of Tho^ Stalworthe Aug. 8. Alis D"" of Simon Samon „ 8. Anne D' of Tho"* Walton Sept. 6. Amie D' of Henrie Wirrall ,, 9. Eliz= D' of John Coles Oct. 20. Annes D' of Harrie W irrall Dec. j 7. Eliz= D' of Henrie Burbage „ 29. Alis D' of Henrie Betts Jan. 10. William son of John Sinicockes March 20. Anno Dni 1551, Annoq ; 6" Edw. VI. Agnes D' of Kathren Welche April 1 1 Harrie Son of Rich'''^ Sanders May 9 Tho* Son of Rich^' Edmondes March 15 ]one D'of John Spicer June 17 Harrie Son of John Wirrall Oct. 4 John Son of John Edmonds Jan. 30 Isabell Judkin D' of John Judkin Feb. 4 Jone D' of John Taylor „ 4 REGISTER OF /S APT/SMS. Jan. 3° I'cb • 4- )5 4- March 7. June- 20 July 17- )} 1 1. 1552, Anno 4° Edic. VI. Jolni Son of Jolm Edmondes Isabell I)' of John Judkin Jone D' of John Taylor John Son of Tho* Gibbins I'',li/>' D' of Henrie Banburie Jane D' of Henrie Spicer Margaret Heath, Fuit 48 1553, Anno : i" ALiria. Tho^ Son of Roger Smithe Marie D' of Roger H eyres Will'" Son of Henrie Winkley Margaret D' of Tho^ Spicer Margarett D' of John Worrall John Son of Tho= Burges Marie D' of M^ John Bull Julian D' of Richd= Welche .■Inno Dili 1554, Aniwq : 2° Maria. Eliz: D' of John Simcockes May 21 Harrie Son of Henry Nurse Jan. 20 Christian D' of Roht Rabone „ 26 John & John, both sons of Thos. ^Valton Feb. 8 Robert Son of Henrie Bettes „ 17 Antonie Son of Rich'''= Edmonds March i ,> IS „ II April 26 May 25 June I „ 25 July 25 Sept. 27 Nov. 10. n 16 Dec ■ 5 J) 10 )> 14 Jan . 2. 1) 10 Jone D' of Thos Gibbons John Son of Rich^ Wirrall Jone D' of Edward Smithe Tho' Son of Harrie WirroU Jone D' of Tho= Stalworthe Jone D' of Simon Samon Harrie Son of John Edmondes Anno Dili 1555, Annoq : 3° Alaria. John Son of Richie Bayley \Vill'" Son of Thomas Burges W'" Son of Tho' Spicer Margaret D' of John Walker April 29. May 24. March 30. June 2. Ann \y of Lawrence Holdams Aug. 5 Katheren \Y of Harrie Spicer j» 12 W'" Son of Harrie Wirrall Sept I Jone Millett Nov. 2 Eliz: Rabone )) 2 Eliz: Millett Dec. ID Robert Son of John Mowle IJ 20 Marie ir of John ^\'alton I'eb. -1 T Henrie Son of Rich'''- Welche . March 19 Anno Dili 1556, Annoq : 4° Maria. John Son of Roger Smithe May 2. Anthonie Son of Robert Wirroll June 7. Margarett D' or John Judkin ,, 26. Margaret D' of John Slaide July 8. Alice D' of Tho^ Walton „ 8. John Son of Rich'''^ Heyres Aug. 21. Marie D' of John Taylor Sept. 3. Tl>o' Son of Tho^' Gibbins ,,25. Edmunde Son of Tho^ Burges ,, 29. Eliz"^ D' of John Wirroll Oct. 28. Margaret D' of Thos Stalworthe Dec. 12. John Son of Tho: Judkin March 22. Tho"'SonofTho''& Jone Gibbins Sept. 22. Anno Dili 1557, Annoq : 5° Maria. John Son of Roger Smiethe May 23. Tho" Son of John Edmondes „ 22. Annes D' of Tho" Wrighte ,, 22. Tho' Son of John Cheney J une 2. Margaret Lawrence D' of ^\''" Lawrence June 10. John Son of Henrie Bett „ 25. Henrie Son of Rich° ElizahethcR. Henrie Son of Edmond & Rose Coles Oct. 31 Eliz" D' of John & Agnes Wirroll Feb. 25 Robert Son of John .S: Eliz" Judkin „ 25 Robert son of Rich"*" & Eliz" Barnes Sept. 29, Anne IJ' of Rich'^'" & Agnes Turner Dec. 8, Alee D' of Phillip & Eliz" Taylor Aug. 13 Augustine Son of I'ho* & Eliz" Meacocke March 29 .^nne D' of Barnarde & Joane Coles May 30 Rich'' Son of W'" & .Alee Nicholas Dec. 9 Alee D' of John & Maude Frenian .April 15, Tho' Son of .\nthonie & Alee Edmonds Nov. 10, Anno Dili 1564, Annoq : 1" Elizabctluc. riiilli]) .?on of Henrie & Eliz" ^Vinkley March 16. .Augustine Son of John i\: Katheren Walker Feb. 22. Isabell 1)' of John & Margerie Kempe Feb. 22, REGISTER OF B APT! SMS. W" Son of Tho- &: Alee White July 2. Ann D' of John & Agnes Chester Nov. 28. John & Rich''"' Sons of John & Maude Freman Aug. 8. I )orthee 1)' of Henrie & Elen Bulie Nov. 5. John Son of Tho" Eliz Langley Aug. 10. Aiiiio Dili 1565i Aitiwi] : 8'^ Regni Elizabethce. Robert son of John & Isabell Clarke Nov. 18. Henrie son of John & Kathrene Walker Sept. 18. Anne D' of Henrie & Margarett Edniondes Oct. 2. John Son of Nicholas & Dorithie Hanslapp Dec. 2. W'" Son of Edmonde & Rose Coles „ 2. Kathrene D' of Henrie & Elen Betts Sept. 23. John Son of Rich'' & Eli?/ Barnes June 3. Henrie son ot Henrie & Agnes Spicer Aug. 19. Elen D' of Anthonie & Alee Edniondes March i. , Roberte Son of John and Agnes WirroU [ May 13. Agnes D' of W'" iKrJulian Marshe July 29. John son of Rich''" & Agnes Turner Jan. 6. Henrie Son of Henrie & Eliz*^^ Winkley July 29. Eli// D' of Phillipp & Eliz<^ Taylor June 28. Cicilie D' of Tho* & Eli// Meacocke Nov. IT. Tho"- ?on of Bernarde il- Johan Coles Sept. 16. Robert Son of W"! &: Mary Samon May 6. Judithe D' of John &• Agnes Moole Jan. i. Eliz' D' of John & Agnes Panter Nov. 18. John Son of Henrie & Alice Twigge Nov. 4. Robertson of 'J'ho'iS: Ann Spicer Oct. 14. Anne D' of John (.\: Ann Cheney April 2. Anne \y Tho"- & Joane Beridgge Sept. 9. Anno Di'ii 1566, Aniwq : 9° Rcgni Elizabetho'. Tho'* Son of Henrie & Eli// Langley March 25. Joane U' of Rich''' & Agnes Turner Oct. 6. Agnes D'of W'" & Alee Nicholas Feb. 10. Isabell D' of Tho'- & Eliz-^ Langley Nov. 17. Christian D' of Tho- & Eliz= Spicer Oct. 27. Edwarde Son of Henrie & Marie Stalworth Aug. 10. Roberte Son Anthonie & Alee Edmonds Oct. 27. Dorithie D'of Henrie & Dorithie Nicholes May 24. Anno Di'ii 1567, Annoq : 1 0° Regni Elizabellhc. Anne D' of John & Isabell Clarke Jan. 26. Fraunees D' of Bartholomew ,.V Erne Green June I. Alee D'of Henrie & Margarett Edniondes Aug. 10. Joies D' of Edmonde & Rose Coles March 23. Tho* Son of John & Margerie Kempe March 14. Tho* Son of W'" & Julian Marshe April 6. John son of Phillipp & Eliz= Taylor June 15. John Son of John & Agnes Panter Feb. i. Tho* Son of John & Maude Freman Nov. I. John Son of Tho* & Agnes Spicer May 11. Henrie Son of Rich'' & Alee AN'irroU Aug. 1 1. Anno Dni 1568, Annoq : 1 1° Regni Elizabetluc. Marie D'^ of Edwarde & Alee Wrighte March 21. KEGISTEK or BAPTISMS. Anne D'' of John & Katheren Walker March 8. Anne D'' of Thos and Eli/.' Barnacle Aug. I. Robert Son of Nicholas & Dorithie Hans- lapp July 1 1. Rich''' Son of Richd= & Eliz'= Barnes July II. W "' Son of Anthonie & Alee Edmondes Oct. 3. IsabeirD''of Henrie & Elen Bulie June 2. John Son of John & Agnes Wirroll Aug. i. John Son of Rich'' & Agnes Turner ,, 27. Eliz« l)''of W'" & Marie Samon March 25. John Son of W'" & Alee Nicholas June 13. Johane D' of John cS; Agnes Mowle Oct. 13. Eliz= D'' of Henrie &: Marie Stalworthe March 20. Agnes U' of Tho* & Eliz<^ Langley Aug. 10. Henrie Son of Henrie & Amie Twigge April 16. Ainio Drd 1569. Annoq : 1 2'J Rc-gni Elizahetha:. Anthonie Son of John & SibiU Brockwell May 10. Dorithie 1)' of Bartholoniewe t'v: Erne Greene Feb. 10. Tho* Son of Tho" & Christian Eilcs Feb. 28. Agnes D'' of Henrie & Isabell Langley Feb. 28. Tho" Son of I'hillipp & Eliz<-' Taylor Sept. 25. John Son of \\'"' and Marie Samon May 19. James Son of W'" & Alee Nicholas Dec. 4. John Son of Christopher cSiZuzan Millingc Oct. 21. Anno,/: 13" A'ei:;ni Elizabetlue. Anno l)"' of John & Mawde Freman .\pril 28. Anne I)'' of John & Margarett Summer Sept. 7. Anne D'' of Tho" & Marie Palmer March 12. Isabell D''of Henrie& Margarett Edmondes March 10. ! Giles Son of Nicholas & Dorithie Hans- lapp July 16. Anne D'' of Edmonde & Rose Coles Ajiril 29. Agnes D'' of John & Margerie Kempe May 2 I . Erne D"' of Rich''' & Agnes Turner April 1 1. Tho" Son of Henrie & Marie Stalworthe July 17. Marie D'" of Tho" & Joane Berridge July 30. Anno Dni 1571, Anncq : 14'' Kegni Elizabeth. rhillip[) Son of Phillip & Eliz' Taylor Feb. 28. Joane D"" of Henrie & Amie Twigge March 10. Agnes D'^ of Henrie & Eliz' Winkley March 28. Dorithie D' of John & Isabell Clarke March 31. Joane \i' of Tho* Hancockes April 2. Henrie Son of Tho" & Eliz' Barnacle April 5. Robert Son of Thos & Ann Spicer „ 14. Alee !)'■ of Anthonie & Alee Edmondes May 13. Isabell 1 >'■ of W" !k Marie Samon June 17. Anthonie Son of Henrie & Dorithie Maio June 23. Agnes D'' of Henrie & Elen Buley Nov. 10. Katheren D' of Rich'''' & Agnes 'I'urner Dec. 24. Josephe Nicies „ 26. REGISTER OF BAPTISMS. Anno Dni 1572, Annoq : Regni Eliz: i 4. Henrie son of Tho'" Langley Jun'" &: Isabell Jan. I Anthonie Son of Henrie & Marie Stal worthe Jan. 14 Joane D'' of Henrie & Amie Twigge Feb. 9 Eliz= D'' of Christojiher &: Zusan Millinge Feb. 23 John Son of Edmonde & Rose Coles April 5, Tho'' Son of Tho* & Joane Beridge Aug. 18 Dorithie \y of Tho" & Eliz<= Langley Sept. 28 John Son of John & Isabell Clarke „ 21 Tho=^ Son of John & Sibill Brockwell Dec. 16 Edwarde Son of Henrie & Dorithie Maio Dec. 25 Henrie Son of Tho"^ & Eliz' Langley „ 31 Anno Dni 1573, Anno/: Regni Elizabctha 15. Agnes D"" of Tho'' &: Ann Spicer April 4 Nicholas Son of Dorithie & Nich'* Hans- lapp April 19 Harrie Son of Richard and Agnes Turner I^Lay 7 William Son of W™ and Julian Marshe June 2 I Marie D' of Robert and Anne Worrall Aug. 2 Robert Son of Henrie and Margarett Edmondes Aug. 30 Alee D'' of Henrie & Margerie Kempe Aug. 30 Roger Son of Rich'^= Badger „ 30 Amie D"" of Harrie and Annie Twigge Sept. 6 Agnes D'" of Robert & Agnes Galewaie Oct. 25 Anno Rcgni Eliz : 16. Anne D'^ of Phillipp & Eliz"= Taylor Dec. 21. Jol) Son of John and Marie 0.\enbridge Jan. 10. Bridget D'' of Henrie & Dorithie Nicholas Jan. 23. Tho" Son of Tho" & Eliz' Barnacle l''eb. 7. Anno Dni 1574, Henrie Son of Rich'' Weaver April 6. Anne D' of W"' and Marie Samon May 20. Henrie Son of Henrie and Marie Stal- worthe June 6. Henrie Son of Anthonie & Alee Edmondes June 13. Henrie Son of Henrie and Katheren Chetwine June 20. John Eon of John and Katheren Walker July 4. George Son of Tho' Spicer & Annis Sept. 20. Tho" Son of John & Isabell Clarke Sept. 25. Humfrey Son of John and Maude Freman Oct. 17. W™ Son of William & Alee Wright Nov. i. Anno Dni 1575, Anno Regni Elii' i 7. Dorithie D'' of William & Agnes Clarke Jan. 30. Rich'' Son of Rich''' & Agnes Turner March 27. Henrie Son of Henrie & Elen Buley .-\pril II. Eliz' D'- of Henrie & Dorithie Nicholes May 8. Alee D'- of John & Sibell Brockwell June 5. W"> Son of Nicholas and Dorithie Hans- lapP July 19. John Son of Rich''' & Eliz' Wrighte Aug. 7. Eliz' D-^ of Henrie & Bridgett Babb Sept. 25. Henrie Son of Henrie & Amie Twigge Nov. 8. REGISTER OF BAPTISMS. Henrie Son of Henrie & Marie Palmer May 20. Robert Son of R' and Agnes Worrall „ 27. John Son of Henrie & Dorilhie Nicholes Sept. 29. Jane ly of Nicholas & Dorithie Hans- lapp Aug. 3. Henrie Son of Rich^ & Eliz' Wrighte Oct. 20. Robert Son of Phillipp iS; Eliz^ Taylor Sept. 15. George Son of Cnristopher & Zusan Mil- linge July 21. Tho'' Son of Agnes Judkin Uec. 21. Marie IK of Rich^ & Winifride Hull Nov. 24. Anno Dni 1578, Henrie Son of \\'ill"' & Marie Samon April 6. Job Son of Tho"" & Agnes Spicer May i. Sept. 2. i Will"' Son of Henrie & Marie Stalworthe „ 2. j May 18. John Son of Anthonie and Alee Ed- 1 Tho" Son of Rich^''= & Agnes Turner ,, 25. Katheren D"' of John & ."^gnes Panter Nov. 26. Tho'' Son of Tho'^and Eliz' Langley Dec. 4. Alee D' of Tho'' & Anne Ducknall „ 21. Agnes I> Henrie & Marie Stalworthe Jan. 29. Anno Dni 1576i Annoq : Regtd Eliz: 18. Tho^ Son of Will'" & Mary Salmon April 8. Agnes D'' of Tho'' & Christian Eyles „ 29. Will'" Son of John cS; Isbell Clarke June 3. Henrie Son of Tho' &: Agnes Spicer June 17. James & John Sons of John & Alee U'ilkins July 20. Margarett D'' of Rich''"= & Agnes Turner Aug. 5. Robert Son of Bernarde & Eliz'= Coles Sept. 2. Eliz<^ D^ of Henrie & Margarett Edmondes Agnis D'' of Rich^'J Badger mondes Sept. 21. BridgettD'-ofRich<'<^&SibellMilles „ 21. George Son of Tho" and Elen Worrall Sept. 23. Marie D'' of Barnarde & Eliz"^ Coles June 15. Daniell Son of Robert it Isabell Clarke July 25- Eliz^ D-- of Henrie & Elen Buley Oct. 14. ; Marie !> John k Sibdl Brockell Oct. 26. I Robert son of Robert & Marie Spicer Anno Regni Eliz : 1 9. Margaret D'' of Rich«= & Eliz-^ \\'righte Nov. 25. John Son of Robert & Marie Spicer ,, 25. Will'" Son of W"- & Elen Wrighte Jan. 27. Margarett D'' of Henrie & Amie Twigge Jan. 27. Eliz= D'- of Tho'' & Eliz'' Barnacle Feb. n. Tho" Son of Tho' & Alee Marsonn „ 25. Will'" Sonof John&Mawde Frcman ,, 25. Marie D'^ of John & Margerie Kempe March 17. A/: no Dni 1577. Edmonde Son of Henrie & Bridgctt Babb May 20. Nov. 2. John Son of John & Isabell Clarke March i. Eliz"= D' of Tho" & Alee Rawbone „ 7. Sara 1)'^ of Rich-i & Winifride Hull „ 14. Anno Dni 1579, Alee ]y of Rich'" i^ Sibell Milles March 28. Marie 1)' of Henrie & Bridgett Babbes April 5. Will'" Son of W'" & Agnes Cawdell „ 12. .Mce y'= D'' of Henrie and Margaret Edmondes July 12. Annis D' of Anthonie & Alee Edmondes July 26. REGISTl-K OF HAVTISMS. Joane D'' of John \: Jane Coles Aug. 2. Elan D'' ofTho* & Eliz"^ Langley „ 16. Marie D"' of Phillipp it Eli/.= Taylor „ 23. John Son of John liarnacle Sept. 13. Eliz' D' of W" & Annis Clarke Oct. 28. Anne .U'' of Tho"" iV' Agnes Spicer Jan. 6. Eli/>' D"' of Nicholas and Dorithic Hans- lapp Feb. 22. Anno Dm Xh"^^, Isabell D'' of Erauncis I!otte April 26. John Son of Tho'- &: Alee Rawbone May 4. Nicholas Son of Rich''"^ & Annis Turner June 4. Dorcas D'' of Henrie & Marie Stalworthe June 19. Edward Son of Humfrey & Margret Chatterton June 24. George Son of W'" & Elen AVrighte July 10. Marie D'" of Richd*^ & ElizMVrighte ,, 24. George Son of W" & Marie Jeffes ,, 24. Will"' Son of Attivvell & Agnes Cope July 24. Alee I)'' of Tho" & Alee Marsoun ,, 25. Annie U'" of Henrie & Joane Twigge Aug. 24. Marie d' of William & Margarett Poolie Sept. 1 1. Robert son of Robert & Isabell Clarke Nov. 17. Eliz": d"' of Robert & Marie Spicer Dec. 25. Thomas son of Richarde & Sibell Milles March 12. 1581, John Son of Richard & Winifride Hull March 28. Winifride D'' of John & Maude Freman April 16. Francis Son of John X: Isabell Gierke June 10. Will'" Sonof Henry & Bridget I!abb July 2. Robert & Marie (twins) of John and Joan Turner Sept. 24. Philliji Son of Raljjh & Jane Bucknoldc Get. 3 Mar' ha I)'" of Alexander iS; Agnes \V"haley Dec. 22 William Son of Thomas & Eli/abctl Barnacle I'eb. 4 \\'"' Son of Henry & Alice Morris March 4 Eliz : D>^ of Robert & Isabell Clarke March 4, 1582, Eliz : D"" of Hugh Surges h.\>x\\ i. Mary \y of W" & Agnes Clark „ 8. Agnes l)"" of W" & Agnes Caldwell May 6. Henrie Son of Tho'' & Alice Raubone June 3. Henrie Son of Henrie & Margaret Ed- monds July 6. Ann D'' of Clare &: Ursula Killsby July 22. W'" Son of Rich'' & Agnes Turner Aug. 1 2. Edward Son of John & Maude Freeman Sept. 23. W" Son of W" & Marie Jeffs „ 30. Rich''"-' Son of John & Jane Turner ,, 30. Annis !)■■ of Will'" Essen Oct. 29. Moses Son of Henrie & Mary Stalworth Dec. 2. Dorithy D'' of Tho" & Alice Marson „ 2. Robert son of Henrie & Joan Twigge ,, 23. Eliz. D^ of Tho- & Mary Osten ,, 25. Eliz. D"" of John & Jane Coles Jan. 13. John Son of Attiwell & Annis Cope Feb. 10. W" Son of Rich'' & Sibill Mills March 3. 1583. Job Son of Robert & Eliz. Bett March 29. Elen 1)"" of Tho" tS: Joan Wright April 2. Eliz. D'" of John and Isabell Clarke May 7. George Son of W™ &: Mary Whetley May 26. Tho" Son of Rich'^ & Eliz Wright July 23. Tho" Son of Tho" & Grace Winkley July 21. 2 REGISTER OF BAPTISMS. Marie D" of Robert cS: Marie Spicer July 2 1. John Son of Henry iS: Isabell Moore Nov. 3. Jolin Son of Henrie & Alice Morrice Jan. 20. John Son of AA'"' & Elianor AA'right „ 26. John Son of Tho^ ^: Marie Austin Feb. 23. Eliz. D^ of Richd & Winifride Hull „ 23. A\illiani Son of John & Jane Turner March 8. 1584, Clement Son of Rich'' iS: Agnes Turner June 22. Joan D'' of Henrie & Joan Twigg May 7. Alice D-- of Tho^ & Grace W'inkley Aug. 23. Tho* Son of Tho- cS: Joan \\'righte Aug. 30. Henrie Son of Will"' & Annis Cawdwell Sept. 6. Elenor D'' of John & Alee Lovell ,, 12. Eliz. D"" of Rich^ (S: Annis Turner ,, j 3. Eliz. D'- of \V"> Abbotte Oct. 21. W" Son of A\'ill'" &• Joan Banburie Nov. 15. Edward Son of Tho" & Eliz. Barnacle Nov. 15. Annis D'' of Henrie & Marie Stahvorth Nov. 15. Daniel Son of Clare & Ursula Kilsby Dec. 13. Henrie Son of W" & Annis Essex Jan. 1 7. Judith D-- of Rich<» & Sibill Mills „ i 7. Rich'' Son of Attiwell & Agnes Cope Jan. 23. Dorcas D'' of Henrie iS: Bridget Babb Jan. 23. Josias Son of John c\: Isabell Clarke W" Son of W" ^S: Dorilhy Chettwine John Son of Eduiond Coles Isabell D'' of W"> & Agnes Clarke March 8. Eliz. D'- of Ale-V & Annis Whaley March 21. 1585, Dorithy D'' of Edward & Isabell Scarlet April 18. Moyses Son of Tho" & Mary Austen May 9. Bridget Abbott „ 16. Bridget D' of Robert & Eliz. Bett „ 23. Sara D'' of Robert & Isabell Clarke June 27. John Son of Robert & Marie Spicer July 14. Judith 1)'^ of Tho* & Alice Raubone Aug. I. Annis D"" of \V™ & Mary Jeffes Sept. 5, Henrie Son of \\"^ &z Eliz. Wheatley Oct. 18. John Son of Rich"^ & Eliz. A\'righte ,, 24. Dorithy D'' of W"' & Agnes Cawdwell Oct. 24. Henry Son of 1 ho* & Elinor Welch Oct. 24. Eliz'-' !)'■ of W"" & Elen Wrighte Jan. 13. Eliz. D'" of John & Winifride Chester March 6. Eliz. D'' of John & Joan Turner „ 20. Ann D'' of Hugh & Clemence Burgess March 20. Ann D'' of Henrie & Alice Morris March 20. 1586, Ann I)-- of Rich'' c\: Winifride Hull April 10. Eliz. D'' of Edmond & Agnes Coles June 26. Tho* Son of John cc Dorithy Gibl)ins July 10. Jan. 31. ' Edward Stafford (as tlie Mother saith) Son I'^dward Stafford & Eliz Vause July 24 \ol)ert Son of Tho* & Ursula Worrall Aug. 21. Jan. 31 Eeb. 21 REGISTER OF liAPTTSMS. II Robert Son of W"' & VJ\z. Abottes Aug. 20. Abigail D' of Tho" & Judith Lines Sept. 4. Eliz. D"' of Tho'' & Joan Wrighte „ 25. Henrie Son of W'" & Agnes Cawdvvell Jan. II. The'* Son of Tho'^ & Grace Winkley Jan. 22. Henrie Son of Henrie & Bridget Babb Jan. 29. Tho'^ Son of Attiwell & Agnes Cope Feb. 26. 1587, Eliz. D'- of Tho" & Elenor \\t\c\-\ April 2 Tho' Son of Edward & Annis Hobbey April 2 Henrie Son of Clare & Ursula Kilsbie April 12 Tabitha D'' of \V"' & Eliz. Wheatley July 23, Judith !)'■ of Roberr& Eliz. Bett Aug. 13, Tho^ Son of John & Jane Turner Aug. 13, John Son of Richd & Sibill Mills Oct. 22, Margaret D'' of Ralph & Eliz. Hill Jan. 21 Margaret D'' of J ho'* & Judith Lines Jan. 2 I Bridget D'' of W"' & Elen Wrighte Jan. 28 John Son of W'" & Dorithy Chatwine March 3, Elen D-- of Will'" & Joan Banburie ALarch 17 Eliz. D'' of John cS: Winifride Chester INLirch 17 Henrie Son of Tho' & Eliz Morrall March 18 1588, Dorithy D'' of W"" cS; Mary Jeffes April 10. Margery D'' of Henrie & Joan Twigg May 5. Marie D' of Edward & Dorcas Gellibrande June 23. Nata 15 J in: if die Saturne 3 a post mcri- Dorithy D-" of Tho^ & Elen Welch Feb. i Eliz. D'" of Edward iV Alice Amplet Sept. I. Isabell D' of '1 ho"- and Marie Austen Sept. I. Joan D' of John i"v I')orithy Gibbins Sept. I. Henrie Son of Tho* Stokes Nov. 10. Ralph Son of Robert ,& Marie S[)icer Jan. 5. Rich'' Son of John & Agnes Spicer „ 12. Elenor D"' of Tho' & Alice Marson Feb. 1 1 . Alee D'- of W"^ & Agnes Cawdwell „ 17. Robert Son of Henrie & Bridget Babb March 3. Alee D'' of John & Jane Turner ,, 23. Eliz. D'' of Grace Winkley widow ,, 23. 1589, Daniel Son of John & Isabell Clarke April 15 Edward Eyres „ 15 Oliver Son of Henrie & Alice Morris May 5 Margret D'" of Tho' & Judith Lines May 10 Margaret D"" of Robert & Jane Bardie May 17 Tho" Son of W™ & Dorithy Chetwine May 25 Job Son of Ralph & Eliz. Hill June 16, Marie D'- of W-" & Eliz. Wheatley Aug. 3 Ralph Son of Tho* & Alice Raubone Aug. 23 John Son of John & Mary Cheney Sept. 15, W" Son of John is: Mary Bond Oct. 6 Dorithy D'' of Will"^ & Elen Wright Oct. 12 Eliz. V>' of Edward & Dorcas Gellibrand Dec. 7 Giles Son of Robert & Eliz. Bett „ 7 Sara D'' of W"' & Agnes Clarke „ dium. Marie D' of W-" & Marie Jeffs 12 REGISTER OE BAPTISMS. Isabell D'- of Edward Hobbie Feb. 23. Tho" Son of Alex-- & Agnes Whaley March 22. 1590, Sara D"- of Hugh & Clemence Burges May 17. John Son of Robert & Marie Winkley June 14. Marie !>'' of W'" & Agnes Cawdwell Julys- Bathshua D'' of Tho"- & Joan Cooper July 14. Phillip: Twigge „ 26. Tho- Son of ThGS& Eliz. Gibbins Aug. 9. Patience D"" of Robert & Isabell Clarke Oct. II. Tho'' Son of Robert &: Marie Spicer Oct. 10. Margaret D"" of John & Agnes Spicer Oct. 25. Annis D"" of Henrie Spicer „ 28. Nathaniel Son of John & Constance Asheby Oct. 29. Anna D'' of Robert & Kathrine Foxley Dec. 8. Elen D'' of W'" & Agnes Walton Jan. 31. Rebecca D' of Tho^ & Kathrine Roodes Jan. 31. Edward Son of John & Isabell Clark Feb. 28. Joan D'" of John & Marie Bond March 7. Margaret l)"^ of John & Jane Turner March 14. 1591. Alice \y of Henrie & Bridget Eabb April 17. Josias Son of Henrie Morris June 13. Eliz. D'' of Robert & Autherey Edmond June 13. r)orithy D' of John &: Agnes Tubs June 13. Edward Son of John Simcock. Aug. i. Daniel Son of Will'" Hancockes Aug. i. Eliz: D'^ of W'" & Eliz. \Vheatley] Sept. 9. Eliz; D-- of Henry & Joan Twigg Sept. 9. Tho" Son of Tho' & Elen Welch Jan. 16. Mary D"' of W™ & Barbara Spicer „ 16. 1592, Biidget D"' of John cS: Mary Bond April 16. Henry Son of Henrie Spicer „ 24. Margaret D'" of Edward & Alice Amphlet April 14. Marie D"- of Robert & Eliz Belt May 7. John Son of Tho' & Judith Lines May 2 i . Isabell Beddell D-- of Henrie & Agnes Sept. 2. Moses Son of Tho: & Katharine Roodes Oct. 14. Annis D"' of Attiwell & Agnes Cope Oct. 14. John Son of John & Eliz: Simcocks Jan. 24. John Son of W"> &: Mary Jeffs Feb. 2. 1593, Eliz. D'' of Henrie & Christian Foulkes April I. Marie D'' of Edward & Joan Campion May 27. Joan D'' of Tho' & Eliz. Gibbins June 3. Henrie Son of John & Marie Bond „ 5. John Son of Will'" & Agnes Cawdwell June 24. John Son of Tho' & Alice Kempe June 24. P'rancis Son of Francis & Jane Judkin June 24. Bridget D'' of Henrie c*c Bridget ISabb July 8. John Son of John & Eliz: Fraunkton Aug. 1 2. l'',linor D' of Andrew & Agnes Morris Aug. 19. Marie D' of Tho' & Elinor Welch „ 19. W'" Son of W'" & Agnes Walton Oct. 20. Tho' Son of Robert &: .\udrcy Edmonds Jan. 4. REGISTER OF BAPTISMS. Henric Son of Nicholas \' I'.liz. Dickson Jan. 20. Hennidge I)'' of Htnrie & Agnes Walker Jan. 20. 1594, Eliz. D' of John & Agnes Worrall April 28. Job Son of Tho^ & Judith Lines May 26. Margerie D"' of P>dward tS: Dorithy Rose June 16. Robert Son of W" & Eliz Worrall „ 30. Marie D"' of John & Agnes Spicer July 7. Jane D'' of Henrie & Alice Morris „ 21. Ann D'' of John & Dorithy Geadon Sept. 15. Edward Son of Edward Hobbey ,, 29. Lawrence Son of Francis & Jane Judkin Oct. 6. Alice D"- of Robert & Isabell Clarke Oct. 6. Eliz. D'- of W"' & Elenor Burton „ 6. John Son of John & Joan Turner Nov. 3. Tho* Son of John & Agnes Chester Jan. 5. Eliz: Wilmore D"^ of James & Ursula Jan. 5. Eliz. D'" of Tho'' & Kathrine Roodes Jan. 5. Dorithy D"" of Roger & \\'inifride Walford Feb. 9. Thomas Son of W'" & Agnes Walton Feb. 10. Bridget D'' of Henrie &: Joan Twigg Feb. u. 1595. Dorithy D'' of Giles & Bridget Hanslapp Oct. s. Edward Son of Phillip & Agnes Taylor Oct. 12. Edward Son of Edward & Grace Edwards Nov. 21. George Son of Tho: & Alice Kempe Nov. 23. James Son of 'I'ho'- & Elinor Welsh Dec. 21. Alice D' of I'rancis & Jane Judkin Jan. i. John Son of Robert \r Autherey Edmonds Jan. 6. Sara D'' of Nicholas & Eliz. Dixson „ 21. Robert Son of Edward & Doriihy Rose March 14. Eliz. !)'■ of John & Eliz: Frankton March 14. Tabiiha D' of W" .^ Eliz: Whealley March 2 i . 1596, John Son of W'" & Dorithy Chctwinc A[)ril 30. Mary D' of Tho' & Kathrine Roodes June 10. Henry Son of Robert & Eliz: Edmonds July 12. Will'" Son of Tho"^ & Eliz. Gibbins „ 1 2. Daniel Son of John & Sara Eayres Aug. 8. John Son of John & Clemence Cooper Aug. 20. Eliz: D'' of Tho* &: Judith Lines „ 29. Robert Son of Phillip & Agnes Taylor Sept. 5. Nicholas Son of Gyles & Bridget Hanslapp Oct. 26. Eliz: D'" of John & Agnes Dawes Oct. 20. John Son of John & Agnes Spicer „ 31. Tho* Son of John & Dorithy Geadon Nov. 31. Job Son of W" & Agnes \Valton ,, 28. Dor.thy D'' of Will'" & Eliz: Worrall Dec. 5. Alice D'' of John &: Joan Clarke ,, 12. 1597, Ann D'' of John & Agnes Worrall April 9. Marie D'' of Francis & Jane Judkin May 5. John Son of Nicholas & Eliz: Dickson April 20. Will'" Son of Phillip & Agnes Taylor Aug. 14. 14 REGISTER OF BAPTISMS. Rich'' Son of R^ & Agnes Goode Sept. 4 Eliz: \Y of The" & Alice Marsh Nov. 13. Ann D'' of George & Marie Home Nov. 13. Ann \y of Tho* & Judith Lines Feb. 5. John Oxenbridoe, Minister. Ed. Coles 1 „, , , - Churchwardens. J. Geadon J [//tvr ends the transcript from the paper into the parchment book, testified by tliese signatures.^ 1598, Robert Son of John & Agnes Spicer April 3. Eliz: !)'■ of John & Mary Turner June 18. John Son of John & Agnes Chester July 1 7. John Son of John & Joan Clarke July 19. Robert & W'" Sons of W" &: Eliz: Wheatley July 30. VV" Son of Edward & Dorithy Rose Sept. 10. Annis D'' of Tho'^ & Alice Barnacle Oct. 8. Henrie Son of Robert & Autherey Edmonds Oct 15. Martha D'' of Henrie & Martha Nicholas Oct. 21. Jane D' of Francis & Jane Judkin Nov. 17. Marie D' of John & Dorithy Geadon Dec. 13. Christian D' of Tho'' & Kathrine Roodes Jan. 14. Eliz. & Annis D''" of Tho- & Eliz: Gibbins Feb. 2. Tho: Son of John & Agnes ^Vorrall March 5. Judith D' of Henrie & Agnes Coles March ■;. Robert Son of Robert &: Eliz: Edmonds March 12. John Oxenbridge, Pastor. The mark of + Auix'* 1 Wh.m.ey, ,- ^^^^^^_^^ Ac.usTiNic Mkacockk, ) Church- 1599, Isabell D' of 1 ho- & Elen Welch April 6. Phillip Son of Andrew & x\gnes Morris April 22. Robert Son of Robert & Margaret Judkin May 6. Eliz: D' of John & Agnes Dawes „ 13. Alee D"' of John & Eliz. Archer June 8. Martha D'' of W"' & Agnes Worrall Aug. 19. Cycelie D"" of Henrie ,&: Kathrine Stal- worth Aug. 26. Henry Son of Thomas (S: Alice Marsh Sept. 2. Ralph Son of Jane Clarke & John Sept. 23. Amy D'' of Robert &: Alice Judkin Oct. 20. Joan D'' of Rich'' Gibbins & Barbara Nov. 25. Eliz. D'^ of Robert & Marie Worrall Dec. 9. Dorithy D'' of Phillip & Agnes Taylor Dec. 9. Augustine, Son of Tho" & Judith Lines Dec. 16. Jo. Son of Jo: & Eliz: Turner Jan 6. Eliz. D'^ of Henrie & Margaret Twigg Jan. 13. James Son of John Bidle iv: Agnes „ 16. John a Base Son to one Joan Bartlet iS: to an unknown Father March 9. John C)xenbridge, Pastor. Augustine Meacock, ^Church- George HorneH his mark J wardens. 1600, Sara I >'' of Joshua & Joyce Mason March 25. Tho: Son of Francis I'v: Jane Judkin June 20. Tho": Son of George iS: Mary Home July 20. REGISTER OF BAPTISMS. >5 John S(jn of John (\: I'^liz: Simcocks July 20. Ann D' of John i^v: Joan Tidnam Kvig. i6. James Son of Grace Winkley, Base korn Aug. 2 2. Ann D'' of Tho- & Alice Kemp Oct. 5. Henrie Son of Edward Rose & Dorithy Nov. 16. Agnes D' of John & Alice Frankton Nov. 23. Edward Son of Henrie & Agnes Coles Dec. 16. Robert Son of Robert & Audry Edmonds Jan. 2 I. Tho* Son of Rich'' & Margaret Major Jan. 31. Tho' Son of Tho"- & Alice Barnacle Jan. 31. Tho* Son of Richi^' &: Barbara Gibbins Feb, I. Sara D' of John iS: Agnes Chester Feb. 2. Eliz: D'' to John & Agnes Wirroll Feb. 19. Dorithea D' to 1 ho* & Alice Marsh March 8. Christian ])■■ of Tho* & Sara Bate „ 15. John Oxenbridge, Pastor. Augustine Me.\cock, AChurch- The mark H of Geo. HorneJ wardens. 1601, John Son of John & Agnes Spicer \\\x\\ 7. Elenor D'^ of \V"' & Eliz; Wheatley May 3. Tho* Son of Edsvard & Joan Campion May 31. Tho* Son of John & Joan Clarke July 5. Robert Son of John & Dorithy Geadon July S- Robert Son of Tho* & Judith Lines Sept. I. \V"' Son of John &: Agnes Dawes Oct. 13. Henry Son of Henrie e^ Lettice Wirroll Dec. I. Robert Son of Edward & Agnes Goode Dec. 13. W'" Son of l-'.dward iS: Dorithy Rose Dec. 31. Tho* Son of John & Eli/.. Turner Feb. 20. Tho* Son of I'ho* & Kathrine Roodes March 24. Tho* Son of Robert & Eliz: Edmonds March 21. John Oxenbridge, Rector. (Ieo: Horne, 1 r'l I J \ Churchwardens. Thos: Tidnam J 1602. Tho* Son of Robert & Alice Judkin April 1 1. Eliz: D'' of John \: Joan Tidnam June 6. Marie D'" to Daniel & Kathrine Oxen- bridge Aug. 15. Robert Highem Son of W'" and Eliz: Highem Aug. 15. Henrie Son of John & .\gnes Spicer Aug. 2r. Rich^ Son to Rich^ & Jone Gibbins Aug. 21. Alice D"- of Will"! & Jone Coles Nov. 3. Elen D'' of Francis & Jane Judkin Nov. lo. John Son to John & Marie Cooper Dec. 15. Henrie Son of Henrie & Kathrine Stal- worth Dec. 15. Sara 1 )' of John & Agnes Wirroll Jan. 22. Dorithy D'" of R' Edmonds Sen"' Powell „i6 — Heritage „ 16 Ehzabethe Prophete „i6 Agnes Prophet „ 18 W'" Beridge ., 23 Jone Clarke Dec. 16 Elizbethe wife of Tho" Sergaunte July 20 AVili'" Blantere Aug. 1 1 John Son of Gilberte Holmes ., 29 1546, Anthonie Burges June 31 Marie Coles March 10 Richard Morris „ II EHzabethe Wirroll ,, 30 (iilean Faulaunce July 17 Thos Fraunckton Jan. 28 Richard Faulaunce Aug. 6 Alice Coke Dec. 27 Robert Meacocke Oct. 6 Henrie Heritage „ 11 Isbell Clowne II '5 John Langley .. 23 Isbell Chatvven Nov. 5 John Clone „ 10 Alls Rabone Jan. 4 £du'. VI. Alis & Erne Mallarie Feb. 4 Kline Edmundes I, 10 Gregoiie Fildinge II 16. Rich'' Persons ,, 17- Tho" Persons -I 21 Kdwarde Persons ,, 27- Flme Coles ., 29. Lawrence Walton March 7. Isbell ^\'alton „ II. 1547, King Henry ye 8"' Died Jan. 29. Annis Coles May 5 Eliz Walton May 16. W'" Coles „ 16. Nicholas Mallarie „ 20. Edmonde Maynerd Aug. 2. John Chatwine Sept. 8. Isbell Winckley Oct. 11. 1548 No Burials 1 1549 No Burials Registered. 1550 No Burials I 1551, Charles Barforde John Midleton Jone Spicer D' of Harrie Spicer Tho'' Son of Roberte Rose John Samon Harrie Son of John Wirroll Tho^ Son of Rich'' Edmundes Tho* Martin 1552, John son of W'" Wirroll W"" Bett John Son of Tho"- Gibbins W"' Radforde John Son of W'" Persons Nicholas son of Harrie Kempe Ales Bettes (2" Mary. 1553, John Rabone Sept. 4. Jone D' of R'''= Perande „ 8. Jone D' of John Taylor Oct. 1 1. ' Bothe John ^^'altons, Sonnes of Tho'' A\'alton ' Feb. 9. Margaret D' of Tho'' Spicer ,, 20. Marie D' of M' John Bull March 13. 1554, Jone D' of The Stahvorthe July 25. 1555, 'I ho^ Wcylie Son of Rich'' Weylie May 14- June 14. )> 20. Oct 6. )J 19. )) 20. Nov. 18. Jan 4- Feb. 26. J) 28. larch 2 I. April 17- May 2. )) 23- Jul) • 2. Eliz'^ D' of lohn Judkin .April 19. July.,. REGISTER OE liURIALS. Katheren D' of 'riio\luclkiii Marie D' of John W'iiroll Eliz^ Sanders Katheren I)' of Tho" Spicer Eliz'^ Millet Robert son of John Moole W" Smithe 1556, Will"' Son of Harrie Winckley Elnor \Y of Henrie Bettes W" Wrighte Edmonde Son of Tho'- Eurges Agnes wife of R'' Shrewsburie John Winkley Eliz'^ Wife of W" Wirroll Rich<^ Currier John Walker Eliz^ Samon Will"' Iche Alice wife of John Alizaunder Edmonde Osleir 1557, John son of Tho^ Judkins Isabell wife to John Winkloy W" Wirroll Joane D' of Edward Estan Joane D' of Henrie Spicer John Fraunckton John son of R'^e Paraunte Margaret wife of John Wirroll Magdelen wife of John Taylor John Childerlaye a poore man Lewes Morn's Welsh Man Eliz'= wife of Harrie Banburie Joane D' of Robert Rabone John son Henrie Bettes Tho* Chatwine Joane wife of John Wirroll Oueen Marie Died Nov. Q" Elizabeth. 1558, RondoU Turner Jone wife of Tho* Wrighte July 7 Nov. 1 1 „ 20, Dec 25 „ 30 March 10 '' I Sept. 1. „ 17- Nov. 29. Dec. 7. Jan. 8. „ 21. „ 25. „ 24- Feb. 6. „ 10. „ 23. March 2. -. 3- March 27. April 3. '» 3- „ 4- „ It. ,, 14- „ 18. „ 23. ., 3°- May II. June 4. July 22. I- Dec. 12. Nov. 2. March 4. 17- Afjril 21. May I. j John Ilowkins seruantc to Henrie (Jlarke Aug. 17. John Taylor Deacon of Sowtham ,, 27. Randolphe Whelie ,, 29. Rich'' Wirroll Husband of Alee Wirroll A].ril 6. W'" Lawrence Husband to Alee Lawrence Jan. 29. Tho* Edmundes Husbande to Agnes Edmonds Jan. 29. 1559 ) 1560 , No Burials Registered. 1561 ) 1562, Rich'' Son of Rich'''= & Agnes Welche June 30. Isabell D' of R''" & Eliz Barnes „ 16. Anne D' of Rich<^'= & Eliz'= Barnes „ 19. 1563, Alee 1)'^ of John (.\: Alee Timmes Feb. 10. Anne D' of Barnarde & Joane Coles May 15. 1564, John son of John & Agnes Mowle Nov. 26. Richard Langley Oct. 10. 1565, Anne D'^ of John & Anne Cheney April 21. 1566, Henrie Husbande of Agnes Clarke May 3- Tho"- Son of Henrie & Isabell Langley Aug. II. Eliz« D' of Fhillipp & Eliz Taylor June 23. Alee wife of Henrie Twigge Dec. 9. 1567, Alee D' of Roger Heyres Nov. 10. Edmunde Brother to Bartholoniewe Greene Aug. 10. REGISTER OF BURIALS. 1568, Miles son of John & Kathrcn Walker Sept. 2. Henrie son of Robert Bettes May 22. Agnes D' of W" & Alee Nicholas Feb. 11. John son of W" & Alee Nicholas Nov. 25. Johane D' of John & Agnes Mowle Oct. 13. 1569, Julian Wainewrighte July 15. John Husband of Alee Timmes „ 6. The* Husband to Agnes Walton April 25. Robert Husband to Agnes Judkins March 25. William Hickes an olde man of Stockton May 17. Tho' Son of Tho'' & Anne Spicer July 22. John son of Christopher & Zusnnn Millinge Oct. 22. Tho'' Robertes Aug. 7. 1570, Anne D' of John & Margarett Summet Sept. 17. Joane wife of Barnarde Coles Feb. 29. Joane D' of Henrie Twigge „ 16. 1571, Jane D' of Tho* Hancockes April 2. Agnes wife of Roger Heyres Aug. 21. 1572, Edward son of Henrie & Dorithie Maio March 16. Henri Son of Tho* & Eliz' Langley Dec. 3. 1573, Annis D' of Tho* & Annis Spicer Oct. 9. Tho^ Worrall out of y^ Howse of Jn° Worrall jun' Jan. 23. 1574, Henrie Daniell April 7. Henrie son of Heiirie & Katherinc Chet- wen July 15. John Worrall Sen' Sept. 7. Joan wife of Tho* I'crridge ,, 9. Anno Regni Elizabeth 17"' Henrie son of Henrie & Amie Twigg Feb. 24. Agnes wife to James Buley March 1 3. 1575, Henrie Son of Henrie & Ellen Buley April 20. Eliz'= D' of Henrie and Dorithie Nicholes May 8. George Son of Tho* & Agnes Spicer July 31. Edward Hancockes Aug. 21. John Walker Nov. 16. Agnes wife of Harrie Clarke Jan. 19. Henrie Hodges „ 31. 1576. Henrie Son of Harrie & Amie Twigg April 12. Eliz Barnarde „ 29. Tho* Worrall May 26. W'" Worrall out of Henrie Edmondes house June 21. Margaret D' of R'' and Eliz Wright Dec. 1 1 . Johane D' of W'" Wrighte Jan. 7. John son of R'^ Wilkins Feb. 15. Agnes wife of Tho* Edmundes ,, 1 6. Robert James servaunte of John \Vorrall Feb. 1 8. Margaret D' of R^ & Agnes Turner March 5. John son of Robert iS: Marie Spicer March 8. 1577, John Banburie April 23. R'^ Edmundes Nov. 18. Kathren Coope seruante to Richard Bayley Dec. 2. Agnes D' of Rowlande & Agnes Barth- wood Dec. I 7. Agnes wife of Roger Kempe „ 26. Isabell wife of Rich'''' Baylife ,, 30. REGISTER OE HUR/ALS. 5 Agnes wife of Rowlandc llnrtlnvoode Jan. 2. Marie I)' of Rowlandi: & Agnes liarth- woode Jan. 6. EIu'= Langley ,, i i. Marie D' of Henrie & Amie Twigge Jan 27. Amie wife of Henrie Twigge ,, 30. Agnes D' of Tho^ & Christian Eyles Feb. 28. Christian wife of 'I'ho'' Eyles March i. 1578. W" Son of Tho* Buclcnall May 29. Roger son of Rich''"' Weaver June 12. Jane I)' of Nicholas Hanslapp July 22. Edward son of Hughe Burges March 3. Henrie Husbande of Ellen Kewley March 24. 1579, Robert Haycocke servaunte to M"^ John O.xenbridge April 4. R'^ Ingerley seruaunte to Robert \Vorrall May 4. Barnarde Husband to ¥A\y^ Coles June 2. Henrie son of Henrie & Joane Twigge Aug. 5. Tho^ Clarke Feb. 18. 1580, John Warde seruante to Robert Worrall May 10, The* Meacocke June Mathewe Oxen Drowned, a poore boy to George Worrall June 3 The* Judkin, Pearmonger Aug. 3 Marie D' of W" & Margaret Poolie Sept. 28 John Davis Nov. 4 Robert son of R' & Isabell Clarke „ 25 Henrie Nicholes' still Borne Childe Dec. 20 Christian Wright „ 7 Jane Coles widowe Feb. iS 1581, a poore Trauelling Man March 30. John Son of Tho"^ & Eliz= Barnacle April 15. Tho* Langley, senex May 4. Ann wife of John Cheney July 5. Alee wife of Anthonie Edmonds Aug. 3. Winifride D' of John & Maude Freeman Aug. 19. Robert iS; Mary Son di: Daughter of John & Jane Turner Oct. 7. Tho* Son of John Cheney „ 18. Hugh Meacock, a poor Lame Man „ 31. Joan wife of Tho- Gibbins Dec. 17. John Taylor Nov. 22. Robert Worrall Dec. 27. Joan wife of R'^ Wilkins Feb. 22. Henry Nicholes March 16. Anne Underbill „ 16. 1582, Dorithy Nicholases D' Deade borne May 16. Alee Clarke Sept. 25. Agnes Younge Oct. 7. Robert son of W'" & Ellen Wright ,, 22. Doriihee D' of M' Job Throkmoreton of Haseley Dec. 9. Joan Green ,, 9. Robert son of Henrie & Joan Twigge Dec. 29. Richard Wilkins Jan. 10. l\r Willes his child of Princetorpe March 2. 1583, Hughe Bucknell July 17. Alee D' of Tho" & Eliz: Meacocke „ 29. John Coles senex ,, 19. Alice D' of Tho^ iS: Eliz*^ Langley Aug. 6. W'" Son of Henrie & Marie Stalworth Sept. 6. Tho' Son of Tho'' & Grace Winkley . Oct. 27. RichJ' Lovel Dec. 8. REGISTER OF BURIALS. Maryc wife of W"' Wheatley Dec. i8. j The Child of W"' Home Head liorn I March 13. 1584, I a certain Travaler March 30. Alee Walton -• S'- Annis Coles April 11. John Son of R<== & Eliz--- Wrighte July 4- Henrie son of W'" & Agnes Cawdwell Sept. 25. Eliz<^ wife of Tho^ Barnacle, Shipton Nov. 22. Humphry Chatterton Jan. 4- Henrie son of W"' & Annis Essex „ 24. John son of Edmonde Coles March 25. 1585. Tho'- Son of Rich'i* & Eliz^ Wrighte u June 3. Bridget D' of W"' & Eliz: Abbott Aug. 2. Rich'i Son of John e^ Maude Freeman Aug. 9. Rich'' Worrall " -7- Dorithy U' of W'" & Agnes Cawdwell 1587, Roger Smithe Ap"l 27. Christian Spicer widow May 4- Mother Cornfielde Aug. 4. John Son of John & Annis Worrall Sept. 24. \\'"> Worrall which Came from Bascote Dec. 19. Tho* Austen '> 27. Margery wife of John Sumnor Jan. 31. Annis wife of W"' Worrall Feb. 3. Bridget D-- of W'" &: Ellen Wrighte „ 25. lohn son of W"^ & Dorithy Chetwine March 9. Margert D' of Tho* & Judithe Lines March 10. Tho^ Marstons Child : deade Borne in Feb. — . Eliz- Baker March 22. 1588, Eliz: wife of Tho^ Langley April 11. Dorithy D'- of \V" & Marie Jeffs „ 24. Isabell Daniell vidua May 10. Sibell wife of Richd Mills .. 16. Dec. 8. I -pj^QS Son of John & Jane Turner „ 18. Henrie son of Tho' & Elnor Welche yWn D'" of Tho" lS: Joan Wrighte „ 21. Jan. 13. ' winifride wife of John Chester June 30. Margerie Marshe out of Phillipp Taylors house J a"- 4- Annis Judkin >> 28. 1586, John Frauncis a poore Childe April 2. Alee Coles June 6. Eliz: D' of Edmond & Agnes Coles June 30. An infaunte of Tho-^ & Eliz: Worrall Aug. 14- Roger Minars, Miles, a soldier Oct. 13. John James a poore Childe Nov. 29. an infaunte of Tho' Marston Jan. 19. Elnor Milward alias l.ovcll D'' of John ^S: Alee I'el'- «• Marie wife of John Spicer March 23. Jane Chester » 21. Nicholes Walton Ju'y 12- Tho^ Worrall June 24. Tho^ Winkley Sept. 6. Joan D"' of John & Dorithy Gibbins Oct. 4. Tho'- son of John i\: Agnes Worrall Nov. I. Tho- \Vorralls. Child, posthmous. not Baptized Nov. 5. Stokes uxor Thomai „ 6- Henrie Chetwine Sene.\ „ 'i- Joan Beridge March 22. 1589, Tabitha 1 )' of ^V'>' & Eliz: Wheatley May 12. REGISTER OF BURIALS. W'" Son of Rich^'^ & Annis Turner July 29 Margarett D"^ of Henrie cS: Joane 'I'wigge July 29 Henrie Son of Henrie & Bridgett Babb Aug. 8 Henrie Son of W™ & Agnes Cawdwcll Aug. 23 Eliz: D'- of Tho' & Joane Wrighte Sept. 1 1 Tho' Son of Tho"- & Joane Wrighte Sept. 18 ,'V Strangers Child a poore man Oct. 2 Rich'' Son of John & Agnes Spicer Nov. 30. 1590 Anno Domini. Isabell wife of Henrie Langley Aug. 26. John Pernels Child Still Born ,, 22. Phillip Son of Joan & Henrie Twigge Sept. I 7. Tho^ Son of Attiwell & Agnes Coope Sept. 29. Tho'' Son of Robert & Marie Spicer Sept. 29. 1591. John Wirroll Sen'' March 29. Marie I)'- of John & Sibill Brockall March 29. Henrie Son of Tho^ & Alee Raubone March 30. Tho" Son of W"^ & Joane Banburie April 9. Agnes Chester vidua ,, 11. John Timms June 21. Tho'' Langley ,, 21. Tho* Raubone Sept. 20. Alex'' Whaleys Childe Still Born ,, 22. Henrie Palmer Sen'='< Jan. 7. Edward Cheney „ 20. Agnes Judkin „ 23. A maid Child Still born D-" of Tho"^ Gibbins Feb. 14. Dionise Wife of John Fraunkton March 2^. 1592, Bridget \y of John i.*v: Marie Bond April 28 Henrie Son of Henry Spicer ,, 30 Dorithy Wife of John Gibbons May i r Henrie Edmondes July 9 Agnes Wife of Henrie Spicer „ 1 5 Will"' Spicer „ 30 Tho"- Son of Thos & Elen Welche Oct. 5 Agnes Worrall widow „ 24, Will"" Waltons Child still born Nov. 4 Eliz'= Kayes Dec. i W'" Clarke „ 5 Henrie Spicer „ 12 Marie wife of Henrie Stalworthe „ 28 ."^gnes Welch Jan. 6 Susanna l^ of ^V"' & Barbara Spicer Jan. 20 W"i Son of Will'" & Barbara Spicer Jan. 30 1593, Kathrine Milling alias "Walker April 15 Tho' Haynes May 8 John Judkin Senex „ 28 Barbara Haynes widow June 9 Jane wife of John Turner July i Margaret Borrowes Oct. 4. William Allen „ 6, Joane wife of Anthonie Edmondes ,, 15 Joane Arnolde of Lillington ,, iS W'ni Son of W"" & Agnes Walton „ 23 Marie D' of John & Margerie Kempe March 4 Henrie Bett Senex „ 17 1594 Antw Domini. Isabell wife of John Clarke May 16. Kathrine Worrall Sept. 20. Agnes D"" of Attiwell & Agnes Coope Sept. 21. Alice Robertes widow Oct. 14. Elen Bulie Dec. 2. REGISTER OF BURIALS. 1595, Dorithy D"' of Giles & Bridget Hanslapp Oct. 22. Henrie Son of John & Agnes Spicer Nov. 1 1. Phillipp Son of Phillip & Agnes Taylor Dec. 6. George Son of Tho^ & Alee Kempe Dec. 13. Tho" Son of W"" c1- Agnes Walton Jan. 21. 1596, Marie Wife of Robert Winkley April 30. Eliz<= D'' of John Clarke May 24. R-J' Gibbins Buried abortinus July 12. Joan wife of Edward Campian Aug. 15. Clemence wife of John Cooper Sept. 6. Tho'* Son of John & Agnes Chester Sept. 12. Marie D'' of Tho" & Kathrine Roodes Sept. 29. Robert Son of Phillipp & Agnes Taylor Oct. 13. Robert Son of Phillipp & Agnes Taylor Nov. 4. John Son of John & Agnes Spicer „ 17. Annis Wife of John Moale Dec. 16. Job Son of Tho" & Judithe Lines March 23. 1597, Eliz= Wife of R'^'^ Wrighte March 31. Rich'" Wrighte April 22. Sara D'^ of Nicholas i^' Eli/.>' Dickson April 20. Alee Timms July 16. Bridget D' of Henrie & Joane Twigge Sept. 17. Joane Wife of Henrie Twigge ,, 18. Robert Judkins' Still born Child „ 20. Henrie Spicer Senex „ 29. Henrie Winkley Senex Oct. 15. John Son of Edwarde & Alec Anijjhlct Nov. 4. Kathrine Chatwine Senex „ i. Tho" Husbande of Agnes Spicer Nov. 11. Josias Son of John & Isabell Clarke Jan. 29. 1598, Tabitha D' of W"' & Eliz: Wheatley April 3. Elnor Wife of RJ Parrett „ 13. John Son of John Cooper ,, 25. Ann Southam Sept. 24. Roger Hickes ,, 30. Eliz'^ D-- of Tho^ & Eliz' Gibbins Feb. 10. Annis D"" of Tho^ & Eliz Gibbins „ 14. Anno Domini 1599, Susan Jackson D'" of Lawrence & Joan ^L1y 22. Eliz: D'' of R''' & Winifride Hull „ 25. Sarah D'' of Hughe & Clemence Burges June 8. W"> Son of W'" & Eliz: Whetley Aug. 14. Tho' Son of Anthony Edmondes, Schole- niaster Aug. 19. Agnes \Valton ,, 24. Eliz'' Taylor uxor Phillippi Jan. 6. A certain Base unbapt^' D'' of £112*= Troiighton Jan. 13. Tho^Marston son of Tho^'ashe said „ 16. John 0.x.enbridge, Pastor. 1600, Henry Langley Senex April 23- Raphe Hill 25- Elnor Bettes widowe May 18. Eliz: Gibbins „ 18. Ralphe Son of John & Jone Clarke Sept. 19. Henrie Son of Edward & L)orithy Rose Nov. 18. \V"' filius Phillip et Agnes Taylor Nov. 18. 1601, Ann D' of Edward & Ann Spicer April 22. Robert Richardson Senex May ly. 3t\C5i6tcr of jHarrtascs. A>ino Domini 1539. /;/ the t,V' yenr of the r^eii^ii of King I/airy ye ?,'\ WEDDEn. Charles Barefoot April 3. John Chatwine, alias Ostler Sept. 14. John Mershe Nov. 3. I In 1540 no Marriages Rcgistred.] 1541, Tho' Julian Margarett Carter John Medleton John Dolton & Isabell Turner 1542, Henrie son of W'" Wirroll to Agnes Harbert of Monkes Kerbie parishc Eliz^ D'' of Tho* Clark to W" Odames of Bodington parish John Sharp to Annis Cheusburie Robert Rabone to Agnes Alexaunder Rich''>= Wilsh unto Agnes I)'" of John Wirroll Harrie son of John 'Wirroll to Margret Stoneley Henrie Johnson unto Margerie Harwarde W"' Smithe urito Eliz'= D'' of John Edmundes Harrie son of Robert Wirroll to Alls Ladbroke „ 1543, The' son of Tho^ Edmundes to Agnes Eles Geghte Widowe Feb. [1544, no Marriages Regis''.] 1545. Tho'' Cleaver of Napton & Isabell Clark of Southam John Edniondes of Southam and Elen Higford of Barswell Edmunde Bennete of Dunchurch and Eliz"^ D"" of Tho^ Edmondes John Coles of Southam ,S: Ann Braye of Barston John Hampton to Margaret Ceson June 12. "July 13 'J 8 Sept. 18 June 25 July 2 Sept. 30 Oct. 22 Nov. 19 it 26 »j 30 Dec . 2 July 5- Nov. 16. 5J 23- Jan. 24. Oct. 28. REGISTER OF MARRIAGES. 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 no Marriages Regis'' \pril 3° May i6 July i6 )1 3° Oct. M )J 29 )) 29 1551, Henrie Spicer to Ales Midleton ^I^y ^1- Harrie Nurse to Feles Bonnell ^'-'' 9- Rich'' Perande to Isabell Erie " ^3- 1552, John Weile of Warwicke to Joan Langley of South'" Feb. 6. "m^ John Bull to Eliz<= Coles Rich'''= Pittella to Eliz-^ Fraunckton Harrie Winkley to Eliz' Martina Tho" Joyner to Alis Barforde John Palmer of Pillerton to Annis D-- of The' Clarke 1553, Tho'- Rodforde & Anne Stoneley Henrie Chatwine & Kateren Persons W" Savage & Agnes Grandam 1554, John Walker & Kathren BickniU Feb. 24. [1555, no Marriages Regis'!.] 1556, Will'" Dunckins to EHz' Smithe ^-^Y i°- 1557, Barnard Coles to Joan Millinge Ju"e 2?- W'" Davie to Jone Spicer Nov. 16. Henrie Akers to Margarett Walter >' H- Robert Bayshome to Agnes Wirroll " '4' 1558, John Chester to Agnes Wright Nov. 29. Roger Heyres & Agnes Stalworthe Feb. 11. 1559, AV" Bradford & Alee Lawrance " J''^'^- ''^• Will'" Marshe & Julian Edmundes J"-'b' 8- 1560, ThC^ Langley & Eliz'^^ Mason J"')' 7- 1561, Henrie Langley & Isabell Wiggley <^''l' S- W"' Nicholas ,Jt Alice Wainmane " ^'• John Freeman ,& Maude Awlsoppe '• 4- REGISTER OF MARRIAGES. 3 1562. Anthonie Edmondes to Alee Clarke Nov. 8. rhilli[)p Taylor ^v: Eliz= Marche Oct. 4. 1563, Tho" White to Alee Lawrence Jan. 29 Henrie Edmondes to Margarett ^Virroll Nov. 20. 1564, John Clarke & Isabell Augustine Oct. 13. John Panter & Agnes Waneman I'ec. 17. Henrie Twigg to AHce Cowper Nov. 4. 'I'hos. Spieer & Anne Hayle Dec. 3. 1565, Henrie Stallworth to Marie Cherie [1566, no Marriages Regis^'.] 1567, Henrie Twigg to Anne Bertlett May 10. 1568, Christopher Millinge & Susan Ley Oct. 20. Tho" Giles to Christian Kempe Nov. 9. 1569, Roger Kemp to Annis Lawrence March 5. Richard Cope to Constance Bayley June 25. •Richd Bird to Agnes Wilkins Nov. 1 2. 1570, Henry Uaniell to Isabell Stallworth June 17. John Summer to Margeret AVright April 15. ^ no Marriages Register'd. 1572 j 1573, Bawden Ebrell of Balsoll & Alice Oldams of Southam Nov. 4. 1574. John Coles to Jane Spieer July 3. 1575, John Wilkins & Alice Jefterey Oct. 30. Henrie Clarke to Agnes Woddin Sept. 29. Tho' Penn to Eliz: [blank] Dec. 31. W" \\'right to Eliz Lawrence March 3. 1576. Henrie Worrall to Elen Hodges May 29. Tho- Philips of Coventry & Alice Hancock June 30. W'" Bramfield to Alice Bett Feb. 12. REGISTER OF MARRIAGES. John Barnacle to Alice Welch Alexender Whaley to Anne Worrall Feb. 12. [1577, no Marriages Reg^.] 1578, Henrie Twigg to Joan Richardson Rich'' Parront to Elinor Evens Roger Kempe to Alice Boyse Will"' Chebsey to Eliz Welch Houmfrey Chatterton to Margaret Walker Christopher Dreaton to Joan Taylor John Milworth to Alice Davie Henry Morris to Alice Geley John Baylife to Joan Welch John Mathevv to Mary Worrall Tho* Austen to Mary Taylor Rich'' Goodman to Isabell Tidman Tho* Wright & Joan Gibbins W"" Banburie & Joan Phentoum Henrie Moore (S: Isabell Spicer Jonas Wheler to Dionis Oxenbridge Tho^ Welch & Elinor Langley W"i Chebsey & Julian Welche Tho^ Worrall & Elize Walton Raphe Hill to Elize Coles John Gibbons & Dorithie Meacocke Tho* Lines to Judithe Moole Rich'''^ Garner to Agnes Marsh 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, June 13. July 15- „ 21. Nov. 22. Dec. 2. Aug. 9. Dec. 1 1. Feb. 4. April 27. June 10. Oct. 3. May 29. June 10. Nov. 6. Dec. 9. April 2. Nov. 15 Nov. 29 Jan. 26 Feb. 21 July 25 Nov. 14 John Spicer & Agnes Edmondes Edward Gellibrande Batchelor of Divinity ,5^ I ^orcas D'' of M' I'^dwarde Amphlete to Alee Taylor Tho'* Eares to Isabell Radborne George Bowker to Margarett Chatterton Sept. 25. June 27 John Oxenbridge Aug. 2 Sept. 19 Oct. 8 Feb. 14 REGISTER OE MARRIAGES. 5 1588, John Bonde to Marie Austen April 30. Will'" Home & Annas Englishe Jan. 19. 1589, Tho^ Rutter to Isabell Archer April 9. Robert Bacon to Isabell Edmondes July 22. Tho^ Roodes & Kathrine Eithell Dec. 21. Frauncis Austen to Katherene Trusse Feb. 3. 1590, Tho* Gibbons & Elize Marsha Sept. 2. 1591, Will'" Wrighte to Alee Edmondes Nov. 23. 1592, John Webb to Alee Gee Oct. 8. Nicholas Dickson & Eliz^ Judkin „ 24. Rich''= Braisier & Dorithie Worrall Dec. 5. John Worrall to Agnes Barnacle „ 5. 1593, Edwarde Rose to Dorithie Clarke May 8. W'" Roseley to Elize Worrall „ 8. Rich^*^ Perkins to Eliz'-' Spicer June 18. John Geadon to Dorithie Langley ,, 26. W"" Burton to Elnor Bett Nov. 4. Roberte Judkin to Alee Coope Feb. 7. 1594, Rich''= Gibbins to Barbara Dafferna ■ May 25. Bonaventure Dafferne to Jane Gibbins „ 25. W'" Worrall to Elize Dawes Sept. 14. Tho' Patricke to Agnes Clarke Oct. 6. John Cooper to Clamence Oxenbridge „ 30. Thos to Joan (surnames not entered) Dec. 2. Tho^ Edmondes & Eliz<^ Coles Feb. 18. 1595, Henrie AVorrall to Lattice Geadow Oct. 20. John Dawes to Agnes Coles Dec. 15. Tho* Basalay to Joana Sutton Jan. 27. 1596, Pater Clarke to Eliz'= Edmondes 1597, Anthonie Edmondes & Amie Assco Tho^ Stallworth & Dorithie White July -5- April 24. May 3. Hanrie Coles & Agnes Camall Oct. 4. 6 REOrSTER OF MARRIAGES. 1598, Rich'''= Rainebowe & Joane Spicer April 24. Henrie Twigge & Margarett Judkin Dec. 20. John Tidman to Joan Jeffcote Feb. 4. Anthonie Busvvell to Marie Babb ,, 13. Rich -J '->,;*:. '^ J- - 7^/:^:^^* Chapter III. T'//^ Earliest Dwellers in the District. Contributed bv Willoughby Gardner, F.L.S., F.R.G.S. VERYONE must have noticed in our English towns and villages the extraordinary variety of type existing amongst the men and women in- habiting them. We see tall and short, solid and slim, round-shaped heads and long-shaped heads, oval faces and square-set faces, large features and small features, as well as many differences in co'our of eyes, hair, and skin. As elsewhere in our land, such varied characteristics are prominently visible in Southam and its neighbourhood ; and they are only to be explained b}' the very mixed blood of the present population of our country.' Great Britain, situated as it is upon the outer edge of the largest tract of continuous dry land upon the globe, extending from the North Pacific Ocean in the east to the Atlantic in the west, or 1 Taylor's 'Origin of the Aryans,' pp. 197-203. 34 Historical Notices^ etc.^ of Southa?fi. nearly half-way round the world, has, in the course of ages, become the final resting-place for people belonging to many and various races of mankind. The tribes and people of olden days were ever on the move, seeking from time to time, for divers reasons, ' fresh woods and pastures new.' Thus, in former ages, have there been many and successive immigrations to our island shores ; wave of race has followed wave, each one gradually conquering and absorbing the people previously in possession of the land, or else driving them further north and west, to find a last refuge in the remoter parts of our country.^ The town of Southam is situated close to the very centre of our island home — indeed, Warwickshire is known by the name of the ' Heart of England.' We should not unnaturally expect, there- fore, that in this central district most of the various races of mankind which have successively invaded our shores, and spread gradually over the length and breadth of our land, would have left their mark. The following up of these different races in Britain, the tracing out of their mfluence upon our present physique, our traditions, our customs, and the names of places in our land, the identification of the material remains (earthworks, rude stone monuments, flint, bronze, or iron implements} left by them, which tell us the story of these far-off times, is a task which has occupied scientists for years. As a result of their investigations, many diverse conclusions have been arrived at ; in fact, there are probably few questions upon which authorities disagree so much. ' Boyd-Dawkins' 'Early Man in Britain,' and Khys' ' Cellic Britain.' The Earliest Dweiie?~s in the District, t^^ It is not proposed to endeavour here to enter in detail into tliis complex question of the pedif^ree of the present inhabitants of our Midlands — a task which would be far beyond our powers. There are, however, manj- points upon which a tolerable concensus of opinion has been arrived at by ethnologists and archaeologists. In the following pages, therefore, an attempt will be made to identify, by their aid, a few of the more unmistakable ' foot-prints ' still left by former and long-forgotten dwellers upon ' the sands ' (or more accurately, perhaps, day^') ' of time ' in this district. Thus, we may be enabled to realize the often overlooked but well-established fact that many and different races have successively settled in our neigh- bourhood, leaving their blood ever coursing in our veins, and accounting for the multifarious varieties of facial and physical type which we see around us to-day. Long, long ago, at a time when England was still one con- tinuous land with the great continents of Europe and of Asia, when there was no English Channel and no North Sea, Great Britain was inhabited by people who were very rude and primitive savages. Our climate was different in those far-off days, probably warm for a long period, and then very much colder than it is now. The land was one vast expanse of dense forest, or dreary marsh, over which roamed great herds of such huge animals as the mammoth elephant and the woolly rhinoceros, and such fierce beasts as the cave lion, the great cave bear, and the hyaena — all long since extinct in Europe. Against such creatures primitive man, armed only with rude weapons pointed with very roughly chipped tlint-stones, waged a very uneven warfare ; 36 Historical Notices^ etc.^ of Southa7n. but he managed to gain a precarious livelihood by fishing in the waters and lakes and hunting some of the wild beasts in the forests. There were probably several successive races of these paleolithic (or old Stone Age) men, as they are called from their i^int-tipped weapons ; the earliest ' river drift men ' were hunters of a very low order ; the later ' cave men ' were much the same, but a little more advanced, fashioning bones and teeth, as well as flint- stones, into implements for the chase, and sometimes ornamenting them by scratching drawings of animals upon them with strange artistic skill. None of these people, however, had any know- ledge of the cultivation of the ground for the purpose of raising food supplies, nor had they any cattle or other domesticated animals; they lived, literally, from hand to mouth, upon the wild animals they succeeded in capturing or killing with their rude weapons.^ Whether the foot of any of these primitive paleolithic men ever trod the earth in the neighbourhood of Southam we cannot say ; they certainly inhabited the highlands a little farther east and south, whence very many of their flint implements have been washed down and buried in the gravels of the Thames valley. The gravels of the Upper Avon, and also of the Leam, have, at several places, not many miles away from Southam, revealed long- hidden relics of the mammoth elephant, of the great woolly rhinoceros, and of other contemporary animab'-' which once roamed ' Boyd-D.iwkins' ' E;irly Man in Britain.' - These remains have been found at Lauford ; at Jephson Gardens, Leam- ington ; at Tachbrook, etc. {vide writings Dr. Huckland ; Presidential .\ddress by The Earliest Dwellers i?i the District. 37 through the forests where our town now stands ; but the only ' chipped flints ' which have hitherto been found in this part of the country are apparently of somewhat doubtful human handiwork. Be that as it may, however, there came a time at last when paleolithic man, for some strange reason, died out from our land ; he likewise became extinct over the whole of Europe ; therefore, no influence whatever can have been left by him upon the type and physique of the present inhabitants of this country.^ In course of further ages, how long in years after the extinc- tion of paleolithic man we cannot tell, another and totally distinct race of human beings appeared in Europe, and gradually overran the western side of the Continent. In due time these new people found their way over to our shores, crossing the ' silver streak ' which, since the early days of paleolithic man, had crept up slowly from the ocean, and formed our land into an island, effectually divided from the rest of Europe. Arrived in Britain, these neolithic, or new Stone Age people, as they are called, spread over the land, confining themselves prin- cipally to the higher grounds ; the lowlands were then probably almost impenetrable forest or dismal marsh and unhealthy swamp. Rev. P. B. Brodie, F.G.S., to Warwickshire Nat. Hist, and Arch. Soc, 1870; Hartning's ' Extinct Animals,' p. 64, etc.). ' Boyd-Dawkins' ' Early Man in Britain.' Sir Henry Howorth {vide Pre- sidential Address, British Archaeological Association, 1894) suggests that this strange and total disappearance of man from the whole of this part of the world at the close of the paleolithic period must have been owing to some universal disaster, and is of opinion that the traditions of a great flood of waters, preserved by the Jews and so many other nations, may ha\e been the cause. 38 Historical Notices^ etc.^ of Southa>}i. These people were still furnished only with weapons and imple- ments made of stone, and flint, and bone, the use of metals being quite unknown to them. They were, however, much more expert in fashioning their various arms and tools than the old paleolithic men had ever been ; and with their finely-ground and beautifully polished stone axes they were able to cut down trees and make clearings in the dense woods for their habitations such as had never been done before. Their advance in civilization before they reached our shores had, moreover, been immense ; for, among other things, they had learned to keep many animals in a state of domestication in order to supply themselves with food, and also to grow corn in a small way wherewith to make bread — very different from the rude savages of the older paleolithic days. These neolithic people, who are practically the aborigines in our country, were small in stature, dark in complexion, with black hair and eyes, and the long-shaped type of head called by anthropologists ' dolico- cephalic '; they have been described variously under the names Silurian, Kynesian, Iberian, and Euskarian. As succeeding races in course of ages invaded and overspread our land, these aboriginal people were gradually driven further and further into out-of-the-way districts, in some of which numerous survivors of their old stock may be found sufficiently pure and unmixed in blood to be pro- minently noticeable among the population even at the present day. This is the case in parts of the Highlands of Scotland, parts of the south-west of Ireland, and in South and portions of North Wales ; there are also marked traces of the aboriginal type still to be seen in such English counties as Derbyshire, "The Earliest Dwellers in the District. 39 Yorkshire, and, to a lesser extent, in Gloucestershire.' Here and there, nearly all over England, moreover, memorials of the former presence of these people may be found, in stone and flint weapons and implements, associated with ancient camps, sepulchral mounds, etc. But such are, apparently, only of occasional occur- rence anywhere in the district around Southam, the ' Heart of England,' though it be r we can only conclude, therefore, that in this far-off Stone Age there were very few people hereabouts. Towards the close of the long neolithic period in Britain," our southern shores began to be invaded and occupied by another race of men different from either of those described above. These people were tall and muscular. Their heads were round in shape, and their cheek-bones high ; they were fair or red-haired, with florid complexions and blue eyes. The new-comers were the first of the great Aryan races to reach our shores from the Continent : they were a horde of Celts, who have been named Goidels or Gaels, to distinguish them from other Celtic immigrants who arrived here later on.* Being much stronger in physique than the little ' Boyd-Dawkins' 'Early Man in Britain,' p. 330, and Taylor's 'Origin of Aryans,' p. 69. quoting Greenwell, Elton, and Penk.i. - 'Divers flint celts 4 inches long' were found in ploughing below the pre- historic camp at Oldbury in the seventeenth century {I'l'de Dugdale's ' Warwick- shire,' 3rd edit., p. 765, where one of them, deposited in the Ashmolean Museum, is figured). Stone celts have also been found at Kenilworth, at Barton-on-the- Heath, and at King's Newnham. At the latter place a skeleton, lying, doubled up after the manner of the neolithic age, inside a stone kist, was unearthed in a field. {Vide Bloxam, 'Rugby School Nat. Hist. Soc. Trans,' 1884; and Bloxam on ' British Antiq. of Warwickshire,' pub. Birmingham Phil. Inst.) "' Taylors 'Origin of Aryans,' pp. 79, 128. * Rhys' ' Celtic Britain.' 40 Historical Notices^ etc.^ of Sou t ham. neolithic men, they soon overspread much of our land. They were possibly aided in the final conquest of this country by the fact that not long after their arrival here the wonderful discovery of the use of metals^ was communicated to Western Europe ; instead of the stone-headed battle-axes and spears of earlier times, therefore, the Goidels- soon armed themselves with the new metal weapons of ' bronze,' which gave them an enormous superiority in warfare. In course of years the late comers completely subjugated the older inhabitants. Many of the neolithic people were probably reduced to slavery by their conquerors ; others fled away into the depths of the forests, and concealed themselves in rocks and caves and other hiding-places, where they long lived secure. It is to the latter circumstance that many of the ' fairy ' legends still current in our rural districts probably owe their origin.^ The ' fairies,' who creep forth at dead of night to dance in circles in the lone wood- land glade or sequestered glen, are still described by our country folk as the ' little dark people,' and many are the strange stories related of them. It has often been told how they came by night ' The first metal which men learned to work was copper ; subsequently it was discovered that copper with an admixture of tin was more serviceable, and the weapons and implements of this combination, called 'bronze,' were apparently made by the more civilized races bordering on the Mediterranean, and spread by their traders over the west of Europe, as far as Britain, for many ages before they were manufactured here. .Sir John Evans thinks that bronze was introduced into Britain between B.C. 1400 and 1200 (7ndc 'Ancient lironze Implements,' pp. 471, 472), and Sir John Lubbock has estimated a very similar date, viz , about B.C. I 500 to I 2CO. - Taylor's 'Origin of Aryans,' p. 177. •' Gomme's ' Ethnology in Folklore,' p. 63 . The Earliest Dwellers ifi the District. 41 and stole this and that, how they milked the kine in the meadows, spoiled the water in the wells, and played all sorts of pranks ; it is also recounted how the ' fairies ' sometimes secretly intermarried with mortals, resulting in all sorts of complications. In these stories it is easy to recognise the very ordinary doings of an inferior con- quered race, who stole out of their hiding-places, for the most part, only when their bigger enemies were asleep. These deeds and misdeeds were no doubt often recounted at the firesides of their Goidelic conquerors; as time went on, the 'little dark people,' by oft repetition of the story, became gradually smaller and smaller, and their doings more and more mysterious ; until at length, in the course of years, they entirely lost their identity as human beings, and became supernatural.' Our Warwickshire fairies have long been known among the country folk as 'hobs,' ' dobbies,' 'jacks,' 'elves,' and 'pucks'- — the latter name immortalized by Shakespeare. Though it was only little by little that these Goidelic invaders with their bronze battle-axes and spears worked their way over the land, they reached in time to the utmost extremities of our islands. It is in the districts last conquered by them — namely, in Ireland ' Even within recent years, in the \'ale of Chvyd in Wales, men of the later Cehic races have been known to taunt the little dark Welshmen, the direct descendants of the abori;,'ines of the neolithic age, by calling them 'fairies.' - Not only have many of our fairy legends had their origin in stories of the ' little dark people,' as told by their Goidelic conquerors, but perhaps even the very name of one of our Warwickshire fairies, viz., Puck, has come down to us from the language of this race. In Irish mythology there is a wicked fairy, in some ways not unlike .Shakespeare's ' shrewd and knavish spirit,' which is called in Erse — the lineal descendant of the old Goidelic tongue of Great Britain — the Pooka (^7nde Hall's ' Ireland : its Scenery, Character, etc.,' vol. i., p. 108). 6 42 Historical Notices^ etc.^ of Sotitham, and in the Highlands of Scotland — that their descendants are now the most numerous ; though the blood of this first Celtic race of immigrants still runs, in a more or less diluted stream (according to locality) in the veins of the population of the present day, probably nearly all over our country. These new-comers introduced a distinctly higher stage of civilization into Britain, especially after the time when they began to import articles of ' bronze.' With their metal axes they were able to make much more impression upon the dense forests of the land than their predecessors had ever done, and probably more soil was therefore tilled by them. Even by this time, however, the little bits of ground which were brought under cultivation here and there were but oases in the vast wilderness of tangled wood and desolate moor and marsh ; and man still lived chiefly by the produce of the chase. There was plenty of big game in those days for the hunter, including such animals as the great wild ox, the huge Irish elk, the reindeer, the red deer and the wild boar ; war had also continually to be waged with innumerable wolves, as well as with such for- midable beasts as great brown bears. The people of this age still dwelt for the most part upon the hills, which, being better drained, naturally were much more habitable in those days than the lower grounds. Here, upon points of vantage, they constructed huge defensive earthworks, capable of holding within their shelter many thousands of people at a time. These enormous strongholds, or camps, as they have been named, were often engineered with marvellous skill ; from their airy ramparts the inmates could sweep the slopes below with their The Earliest Dwellers in the District. 43 sling-stones, javelins, and arrows, and easily keep all enemies at bay. Below these great hill-fortresses, in sheltered hollows, the dwellings of the people were clustered, consisting of circular huts, half-buried in the ground. As among savage races in Africa and other parts of the world at the present day, the population in this Bronze Age (as it is often called, from the metal then brought into general use), was probably split up into numerous tribal communities, perpetually at strife one with another. Whenever danger approached , therefore, the whole of the tribesmen, women, and children, with all their flocks and herds — could leave their rude dwellings on the lower grounds, and take refuge in these capacious strongholds. Many of these great hill-fortresses are still extant on the higher grounds surrounding the valley of the Upper Avon. Such, probably, are the huge entrenchments of Meon Hill to the south, of Nadbury on the Edge Hills, of the great Burrow Hill at Daventry (of which the defences are nearly two miles in circumference), and of Oldbury Hill near Atherstone ; in and about these camps, relics, dating from the Bronze Age, and consisting of swords, battleaxes, and other weapons have been found. All traces of the circular hut villages, which once doubtless accompanied these strongholds, seem to have disappeared in highly-cultivated Warwickshire. But in the adjoining county of Worcester, the remains of large numbers of such dwellings may still be seen, clustered below the frowning ramparts of Midsummer Hill; they arc well-nigh hidden by brush- wood, but, being on Malvern Chace, they have never been disturbed by the plough. Like the neolithic aborigines of the country, the people of this 44- Historical Notices.^ etc.^ of Soutliam. age continued to raise striii = r\\er. /\V \^ S'ij^ i,fi9j^j»Ji Chapter IV/ Later Invaders and Settlers. ONG after the invasion of Britain by the Goidels, or Gaels, a second horde of Celts, now generalh' known by the name of Brythons, began to pour in upon our shores. In course of centuries, this new race overran the whole of England, Wales, and the Lowlands of Scotland ; it never penetrated, however, into the Highlands of the latter country, nor across the waters to Ireland or to the Isle of Man.- These Brythonic people had many points in common with the first wave of Celtic immigrants, but they brought with them a different language. This also belonged to the Celtic group, but differed much in detail from the older Goidelic. It was eventually carried by them to the furthest limits of their invasion — that is, over the whole of England and Wales and of the Scottish Lowlands. ' Co:itributed by writer of Chapter III. - Rhys' ' Celtic Britain,' map and pp. 3, 4. -'5 a"*^ -76- Later Invaders a?7d Settlers. 55 Though once so widespread in our country, it now survives as a living speech only in one small part, namely in Wales. It died out in Cornwall about a hundred years ago. This second wave of Celtic settlers is supposed to have reached our shores some four, five, or six centuries before the commencement of the Christian era. How long it took the new-comers to push their conquests as far as the centre of our island, and to capture the great hill strongholds of the previous inhabitants in this neighbour- hood, we cannot tell. Arrived here, however, they would appear to have settled down eventually side by side, to a certain e.xtent, with the existing, and possibly subjugated, population ; there was then plenty of room upon the land for the two peoples. Goidels most probably lived on in this district long after the time usually assigned for the overrunning of the Midlands by the Brythons,^ and in sufficient numbers also to maintain and speak their own language; thus, only, would it seem possible to account for the survival of so many place-names hereabouts which have been ascribed to the tongue of the older race. The advent of the invaders, without doubt, largely increased the numbers of the population. While the original inhabitants had made their strongholds in the hills only, people now, apparently, began to establish themselves on the lower ground. Here we find, surviving to the present day, remains of very many of the intrenched settlements which they formed for themselves at various points of ' By the time of the coming of the Romans, the Brythons had overrun the wnole of England, except Devon and Cornwall, and had penetrated as far as the Lowlands of .Scotland. — .See map in Rhys' 'Celtic Britain.' 56 Historical Notices^ etc. ^ of Southam. vantage. These earthworks, which our learned Warwickshire antiquary, the late Mr. M. H. Bloxam, F.S.A., of Rugby, has well named ' lowland camps,' are, though sometimes extensive in area, very much smaller than the huge hill fortresses of previous ages. They are distributed over the whole of the Avon Valley, and the remains of at least twenty of them have been identified by archaeo- logists within a radius of fifteen miles round our town of Southam.^ They are generally situated upon a slight eminence, or else fronted by a water-course ; in the latter case, they were formerly, no doubt, well protected from attack on one or more sides by impassable morasses and swamps, which in those days usually spread far along the course of every stream. Such camps were, apparently, very similar to the celebrated forest-girt ' oppidum ' of Cassivelaunus, on the banks of the little river Ver, in Hertfordshire, described, at a later ' Our local antiquaries (the late Mr. M. H. Bloxam, F.S.A., and the late Mr. J. T. Burgess, F.S.A.) have, in a number of papers published in ' Trans.' Birmingham and Midland Inst., 'Trans.' Brit. Arch. Assocn., 'Trans.' Rugby School Nat. Hist Socy., 'Long Ago' and elsewhere, drawn attention to remains of camps, fortified mounds and tumuli, which may be assigned approximately to the age of which we .ire speaking (or earlier), at, or near, the following places, viz., Kingsbury, Oldbury and Hartshill, Over W'hitacre, Fillongley, Burrow Hill, Corley, Wibtoft, Cloudsley Bush, Monks Kirby, Ca\es Inn, Brinklow, Newnham Regis, Wolston, Brandon, Church Lawford, Rugby, Brownsover, Clifton, Lilbourne, Ryton, Baginton, Bubben- hall, .Stoneleigh, Wappenbury, Frincethorpe, Kenilworth, Beausall Common, Blacklow, Warwick, Barmoor, lieaudesert, Wiinicote, Haselor, Overley near .'\lcester, Tachbrooke, Oakley Wood, Wellesbourne, Loxley, Meon Hill, Compton Verney, Kineton, Butlers Marston, Brailes, Tadinarston, Madmarston, Nadbury on Edge Hill, Gredenton Hill, Napton, Shuckborough, Priors Hardwick, Harbury, Arbury near Chipping Warden, .'Xrbury Hill near Badby, Burrough Hill near I)aventr\-. Later hivaders a?td Settlers, 57 date, by Caesar in his ' Commentaries ' ;' like it, they were usually surrounded with a ditch, within which was a rampart of earth, surmounted in turn by a strong stockade of wood ; inside these defences (not without, as in the case of the earlier hill fortresses) were clustered the dwellings of the people — round huts, made of wood or wattle.- These numerous settlements became in time, of course, con- nected together by paths or trackways. Celtic thoroughfares were very different from our modern idea of a road ; they were merely the winding footways worn naturally by continual tramp of man and beast through forest and across hill and moor, till, in course of centuries, they became deep cuttings in the ground, sufficiently wide to allow of the passage of a horse, or sometimes of a small chariot. Vestiges of such ancient roads may even yet be seen here and there in Warwickshire ; for example, Tutbury Lane, below the camp on Brinklow Hill, the lane leading up from the Avon at Wixford towards Oversley entrenchments, and a deep ' covered way' near the camp at Oldbury. But in addition to the many cross-tracks which formed a net- work of communication from settlement to settlement, there appear to have been certain important main thoroughfares for traffic through the land, dating from very early times. As in Africa at the present day, the traveller, by following the ever-tortuous pathways 1 The earthworks of this historic 'oppidum' on the banks of the Ver, near the present town of St. Albans, can still be seen ; they form a model by which we are enabled to identify many similar fortified settlements belonging to the same age elsewhere. — 'Arch. Journal,' vol. xxii., p. 229. - Strabo's 'Geography,' and Boyd-Daw;^ins■ 'Early Man in Britain,' p. 484. 58 Historical N otices^ etc. ^ of Southain. threading through the forests, is enabled to find his way right across that vast Continent along a well-beaten track from ocean to ocean ; so, doubtless, in prehistoric times, the trader from the Continent, with his ' bronze ' wares, ^ could traverse Britain by well-recognised routes from sea to sea. No less than two such main highways through the land passed within a few miles of Southam. One was the great thoroughfare which subsequently, at the hands of the Romans, became the famous Watling Street. It led from the south, from the English Channel and Gaul and the civilized world beyond, to the Irish Sea, at the estuary of the river Dee, in the north, skirting Warwickshire on its way ; it was said to be anciently called ' Garhelion,' and was the route across Britain to the populous sister isle in the west. The second thoroughfare led from the important trading districts in Cornwall and Devon,^ right through the centre of England, to near the mouth of the Humber on the North Sea ; it was the origin of the later Roman Fosse Way. This great highway for traffic passed here between Ufton and Radford. A few miles further north in its course it met and crossed the first-named trackway, on the north- western edge of Warwickshire, at the place still known as High Cross. There are very many remains of ancient fortified settlements all along these two important thoroughfares, and the number ot ' Of the importation of weapons and implements of ' bronze,' vide note, p. 40. '^ Diodorus Siculus, writing in the century before the Christian era, records (' Bibl. Hist.,' V. 22) that the inhabitants of the Belerion Promontory (Cornwall), visited by I'osidonius of Rhodes, the friend of Cicero, were peculiarly hospitable, and moie civilized than the rest of Britain, owing to \he co/isfaii/ lesoi f /lu-ic 0/ fo'i'ii^ii i/ien/hiii/s. — Rhy^' 'Celtic I'ritain," p. 8. Later Invaders and Settlers. 59 great sepulchral tumuli near both routes is particularly noticeable. These tumuli, erected on conspicuous elevations, in the first instance as receptacles for, and memorials of, the dead, were undoubtedly also used by the later Celtic tribesmen as signal stations. From their summits warning of impending danger was easily spread from camp to camp and from tribe to tribe, either by means of a tall column of smoke by day, or of a flare of fire by night. Such a mode of signalling among Celtic tribesmen was frequently witnessed by Caesar during his campaigns in Gaul. Several lines of communi- cation by tumuli made use of in this way have been traced along the higher tracts to the north and to the west of Snutham.' They served to connect the great thoroughfare, described above, which subsequently became the Watling Street, with the second important highway, since called the Fosse. Suppose an enemy from the south-east were to be seen approaching by the first-named trackway, the warning tribesmen would immediately light up a beacon-fire on the top of the tumulus near their settlement at Lilburne. From this the signal would be flashed, perhaps by the mound at Hilmorton, either to the tumulus in the School Close at Rugby, or else to the one on the Lawford Road. This would lead to a bright blaze being set up on the mound at Church Lawford, which would, in its turn, send forward the red glare of warning to the tumulus at Wolston, by the side of the second great thoroughfare of the Fosse. Going north again from this point, advice of danger could rapidly be flashed along the Fosseway, to its junction with the Watling Street, by means of fiery beacons on the tumuli at Brinklow, at ' Vide articles by Bloxam and by Burgess referred to previously. 6o Historical Notices^ etc.^ of Southam. Monks Kirby, at Cloudsley Bush,' and at Wibtoft. Speedy com- munication was equally easy along the edge of the great Forest of Arden towards the west, as far as the old-time trackway afterwards called the Icknield Street, by the several tumuli known as Knight- low, near Ryton, Motslow, in Stoneleigh, Blacklow, near Guy's Cliff, Coplow and Pathlow. Thus we note what an important highway of traffic, strategical position and centre of population, this Upper Avon Valley of ours had by this time become. The second wave of Celtic invaders — the Brythons — brought, as we have seen, their own particular language with them. Of the former currency of this Brythonic tongue in our neighbourhood, we still have, despite the wear and tear of time, and subsequent settle- ment of fresh foreign conquerors, many traces among our local place-names. Such may be recognised by their affinity to words in the modern Welsh, Breton, and the lately extinct Cornish languages — all descendants of the ancient Brythonic speech ; also, by their similarity to place-names common in Wales, Brittany and Cornwall.^ Turning again for evidence to the names of natural features of the country, which invariably prove the most enduring, we find the original Goidelic designation of our principal river changed to the Brythonic ' Afon ' or Avon, meaning ' the river' of the district, which it still retains. We may yet recognise also names given by the invading Brythons to some of the hills hereabouts, such as ' The tumuli formerly existing at Cloudsley Bush .ind at Wibtoft have been demolished. -' [■/>'<• Taylor's ' Words and Places.' Later Invaders a?id Settlers. 6 r ' Bryn ' and ' Bran/^ meaning ' ridge ' in Brinklow and Brandon ; ' Gnap,' meaning a ' hump,' and describing its appearance well, in our neighbouring Napton ; and perhaps ' Min,' signifying a brow or edge of a hill, in Meon, pronounced locally Meen (Hill).^ The word for a hollow, dell or valley in the Brythonic tongue is ' cwm ' — so frequent in Wales, Devon and Cornwall ; this we find contained in many names of hamlets and villages in Warwickshire, such as Coombe, several miles to the north of Southam, Westcomb and Snorscomb to the east, Combroke, Long Compton,^ Little Compton, Compton Winyates, Compton Verney, Fenny Compton and Chal- combe to the south, and Welcombe, Luscombe and Coombe further west. Besides the above well-known places, there are numerous dells, dingles and valleys all over the intervening district which bear the same old descriptive Brythonic name, now spelt in the various different ways invented by the subsequent foreign settlers in the neighbourhood. Among these we may note ' Deep Coombe Hollow,' on the east of Edge Hill, as an interesting example of ' reduplica- tion ' of the name in a later language, ' cwm ' and ' hollow,' in the Brythonic and English tongues respectively, having exactly the same signification. That widespread ancient Brythonic word ' gwent,' originally given to any open plain or clearing in a forest 1 Bran is an archaic form of Bryn. Taylor, ' Words and Places,' p. 146. 2 The word 'min ' is not now used exactly in this sense ; but it seems probable that it may have been employed formerly to describe the brow or edge of a hill ; a little further north than Meon Hill, we find, apparently, the same name, translated into the later English tongue in Edge Hill. ' Compton was spelt C«;«tun in early Saxon Charters, which very nearly approaches the original V-fV«.'— ' Codex Diplomalicus,' p. 714. 62 Historical Notices^ etc.^ of Southam. land/ and which the Romans so often Latinized into Venta, we probably find embedded as the middle syllable in Coventry and Daventry ; in the termination of these names also, we recognise the word in the same language for a homestead, hamlet or village, viz., 'tref or ' tre.'^ As in so many parts of Wales at the present day, ' Taylor's 'Words and Places,' p. 328. - Very many have been the derivations proposed for the names Coventry and Daventry ; most of them have been recapitulated in a paper by Mr. W. G. Fretton, F.S.A. After all that has been said, however, perhaps the following comes nearest to a solution of the problem : Roth these plact s were at first, without doubt, mere 'clearings' made for human habitation in the great forests of Arden and of Rock- ingham. Such a 'clearing' was, in the old Brjthonic tongue, called a 'Gwent.' When the Romans arrived in the country and established themselves in certain of these ' Gwents,' their names were usually Latinized into 'Venta'— as in the cases of Venta Icenorum, Venta l?elgarum and Venta Silurum (Caerwent, in district of Gwent). Now, as late as the Middle Ages, we find that the Radford Brook and Valley, close to Coventry, still bore the ancient name of ' Gwent,' written as ' Cuent ' and 'Chuent' (wV/t' ' Gibsonian .MSS.,' '\'espasian,' F" , ix., in Brit. Mus , and many old deeds). Roinan remains, betokening inhabitants, have been found both at Coventry (W. G. Fretton in lilt.) and at Daventry. We have unfortunately no record of the actual name of the former place in Roman days, but the important station near Daventry was, as we should expect, call d Benna.w/A/. So much, therefore, for the syllable 'vent,' common to both names. Of the termination 'try,' there can be little doubt that it is the ubiquitous Brythonic ' tref or ' tre,' meaning a habitation, hamlet or village ; this was probably added by Celtic-speaking people after the departure of the Romans. It has been urged that the syllable 'tre' ought to appear as a prefi.x, and not as an affix, according to the usage of the Welsh language ; but this is by no means an invariable rule, as such names as Ochiltre, Goetre, I'entre, Hendre, and Cantref testify. Although Saxon Charters of the eleventh century spell the name 'Couen/;c' (vide 'Codex Dip.,' pp. 916, 939), it is curious to note that Doomsday Book reads ' Couen/;r//' and 'Coven/?r7'' ; thus wc have the Brythonic word authentically preserved in both its forms of 'tref and 'tre.' This disposes also of the proposed derivation of 'try' from ' tree,' which was supposed to deri\e sujipnrt from Ilcrildry : but tlie \agarie5 of tlie IlcralJs of Later Invaders and Settlers. 63 we still, in our Midlands, have tracts of damp meadow called by the name of ' dole '■ — Welsh, dol — for example, Marston Doles, between Southam and Priors Hardwick. We also have two or three instances in the Avon Valley of the use of the word signifying a tumulus in the Brythonic language, namely ' tomen ' or ' tom ' ; such places, where all traces of the actual sepulchral mound have long been levelled away from the surface of the land, are now called 'Tomlow,' the syllable 'low' being again the frequently found repetition of the original Celtic word in the later Saxon tongue.^ As well as these terms employed in describing natural features of the country, or prominent objects which are of repeated occurrence, we have several names peculiar to particular places, which, accord- ing to experts in the subject, derive from the same old Brythonic tongue. In fact, it seems exceedingly probable that, in addition to the examples already quoted, the first syllables of very many of the names of our villages in this part of the country descend to us from the language of the ancient Brythons, the second syllables having been subsequently added by the later Saxon settlers. From the above it will be seen that we have considerable lin- guistic evidence also to show that the Brythonic race, like the earlier Goidelic, was once widely spread and numerous in this district. Ancient writers — Pytheas and Diodorus Siculus — describe the the Middle Ages are well known. Finally, of the distinguishing prefixes 'Co' and ' Da,' in Coventry and Daventry, no satisfactory explanation can, apparently, be given ; Time seems to have contracted their original forms till they are now quite beyond recognition. ' There is a Tomlow Farm near Southam, and another, further north, near Newbold Revel. 64 Historical Notices ^ etc.^ of Southafu. southern and eastern parts of Britain, which were alone known to them, as exceedingly populous some centuries before the commence- ment of the Christian era.^ Caesar, speaking of the south of our island, which he first visited 55 B.C., says ' the buildings were exceedingly numerous, and the number of people countless.' Though no historian penetrated so far inland in those days to record the actual facts, many circumstances point to the conclusion that our Avon Valley also must have had a very considerable population by this time.- The people who now occupied our country were much more advanced in civilization than the men of the great hill camps of the ' bronze age ' — which latter was now slowly giving place in Britain to what has been called the 'age of iron.'^ After the long ' Pytheas, the Greek, wroteanaccount of his voyage from Marseilles to Britain about B.C. 330 — the era of Alexander the Great and of Aristotle. Diodorus Siculus wrote about B.C. 50 ; but he compiled much of his information from sources dating from two to three centuries earlier. — Scarthe, 'Roman Britain,' p. 5, and Rhys' ' Celtic Britain,' pp. 8 and 45. ■^ Caesar's statement that 'most of the inhabitants of the interior' were aborigines, clothed in skins, and ignorant even of agriculture (De Bell. Gall. V. 12, 14), cannot apply to this part of the country ; the description was probably quite true of some of the remoter regions to the west and north, and we know that even in the mountainous districts of Derbyshire and of Yorkshire, the Neolithic aborigines held out for a long time after the rest of the country was overrun by the Aryan Celts with their higher civilization. Moreover, C:esar never himself penetrated further than about sixty-five miles inland from the English Channel ; so that, as Professor Rhys remarks, his knowledge of the 'interior' could only be founded upon vague hearsay reports. ^ Sir John Evans thinks that iron weapons were used in Gaul between 500 to 400 B.C., and in the south of Britain a little later ; he considers that bronze had fallen into disuse for cutting implements between 300 to 200 B.C. — 'Ancient Bronze Implements,' pp. 471, 472. RECnTER OF EA/'T/SMS. '7 Maiie D'' of John S; Mary Cooper AiTil 13 Jolin Son of Tho'' Stollcrd .May 25 Ann ] )•■ of Benjamin & Ar.n Turner June 8 Peter Son of Henry & Agnes Bidle Jime 10 AVilliam Son of 'I'hos. Mearch July 27 Alice D'' of John Dawes Aug. 3 W" Son of W" Heigham Sept. 7 Marie D'' of W" & Jane Babbs Jan. 17 Doriihy D'' of John & Doriihy Geadon Jan. 31 John Son of W'" & Agnes Wrighte Feb. 14 Francis Son of Robert & Alice Taylor Feb. 22 Robert Son of John & Matthewe Edmonds Feb. 22 Alice l)' of Michael Wilkinson & Ann Cawdell Feb. 28 Eliz: D^ of 1 ho' & Alice Barnacle March i Robert Son of John Edmonds Feb. 22 1607. Job Son of Francis i.V' Jane Judkin April 28. Job Son of Tho"" & Sara Batte May 10. Marie D' of Tho* & Eliz; Tomkins May 24. Marie D-- of Mark & Eliz: Whalley June 14. Francis Son of Ph'llip Taylor ,, 24. Nicholas Son of Edward & Dorithy Rose Aug. 2. Eliz: D-- of Tho' & Ann Mills „ 30. George Son of \V"' & Eliz: U'orrall Aug. 30, Marie D'' of Robert & Eliz: Edmonds Sept. 6. Alice D"" of Mathew & Rachel Cope Oct. 4. Eliz: D'' of John & .\nn Taylor Dec. 13. Rich'' Son of Robert &: Ann Gibboiis Dec. 13. Francis Son of Francis & Margaret Spicer Dec. 4. Henry Son of Henry & Elinor .'-'picer Dec. 28. Alice D'' of Robert & Alice Taylor Feb. 2 I . Frances D"^ of Robert & Audrey Edmonds Jan. 31. 1608. Nicholas Son of Robert & Margaret Hans- lapp June 11. Henry Son of Francis & Jane Judkin June 13. Nicholas Son of Edward & Doriihy Rose Dec. 20. 1609, Humfrey Son of Phillip & ;\nn Taylor April 6. Henry Son of Henry & Elinor Spicer May 19. Barbara D'' of Francis & Margaret Spicer July 16. Bridget D'" of W" & Jane Babbs Aug. 28. Edward Son of Will"' Higham Nov. 9. Rich'' Son of Robert & Alice Taylor Nov. 19. Job Son of Francis & Jane Judkin Jan. 7. Bridget D'' of Rich'' & Elinor Turner March i 2. 1610. W'" Son of W'" & Mary Crooke May 15. Sara D'" of Robert & Joan Judkin July 4. (J — ) D'' of Edward & Ann Goode „ 4. Rich"* Son of Rich'' & Elianor Seale Sept. 4. Sara D-- of Phillip & Ann Taylor Nov. 7. 1611. Robert Son of John & .Martha Edmonds Apr.l II. 3 I^EGISTrLR OF BAPTISMS. Marie D'' of Robert & Mary Worrall April 30. Rich'' Priest „ 30. John Son of John &: Ann Cranmer May 12. Nicholas Son of Rich'' & Joan Jeffcot Sept. 1 1. Marie D^ of Richt^ & Isabell Mawdicke Sept. 25. Marie D'' of Nicholas & Angel Ball Oct. 7. Henry Son of Will"" & Margerey Butler Dec. 7. Henry Son of Henry & Ursula Wheatley Jan. 30. 1612. Robert Son of Francis & Margaret Spicer March 28. Ralph Son of Henry & Elinor Spicer April 12. Henry Son of Robert & Alice Taylor June 29. Sara D^ of Edward & Mary Babb Aug. 12. Robert Son of Nich' & Eliz: Hanslapp March i 2. Timothy Son of George & Mary Cooke March 12. Isabell D"^ of Tho' & Alice Bromwich March 24 1613, Ann D"^ of Tho* & Alice Marsh June 3. Tho'' Son of Nicholas & Eliz: Perry July TO. Timothy Son of R'' & Isabell Mawdick Nov. 7. Francis Son of R'' &: Joan Jeffcot Feb. 4. Ann I)'^ of Francis & Margeret Spicer March 2. 1614. Hester D"^ of Robert & Audrie Edmonds June 3. Henry Son of Edmond & Mary Bahb June 3. I'^dward Son of Geo; Home „ ^. W"i Son of Henrie & (Ursula) Wheatley July I. Dorithy D^ of \\ ■" Chetwin y'^ younger & Mary July 31. Alice y"= Bastard D'^ of Humfrey Raven & Eliz Amplet Sept. 4. Judith D-- of Job: & Rachell Bett „ 16. Ann D^ of Tho^ & Alice Tubbes Oct. 16. Margaret D"" of Rich"! & Mary Coles Sept. 21. Ann D'- of Tho^ & Ellin White Nov. i. Ann D'' of John & Patience Harriot Dec. 4. Agnes I> of Tho» & Ann Mills „ 11. Dorithy D-^ W"" & Jane Babb „ 13. Aljraham Son of Francis & Jane Judkin Jan. 17. Ale-Nander Son of Tho* & Ellen Whaley Feb. 19. John Son of John & Eliz: Clarke March 5. John Son of John & Eliz: Woodford March 5. 1615. Ann D'' of R'' & Dorithy Palmer March 25. Edward Son of E'' & Dorithy Rose March 25. Nicholas Son of Edward & Alice Farley April 3. Robert Son of W'" & Jane Banburie April 23. Eliz: D"^ of Henrie S: Elinor Spicer „ 30. W'" Son of W" & Eliz: Thorpe July 6. Ann D-- of W'Higham Aug. 5. Alice D'- of Tho' & Isabell Bromich Aug. 6. John Son of John & Annis Dawes Aug. 13. Ann D"^ of James & Ann Edes Sept. 22. Eliz: !)'■ of Edward & Mary Eares „ 22. Eliz: D"^ of Robert & Margaret Hanslapp Oct. 14. Rich'' Son of \V"' &: Jane Coles Feb. 4. REGISTER OF nAI'TISMS. 19 Alice D'' of Rich'' &: Elinor Turner Feb. 4. Mark Son of John & Eliz: Hands Jan. 7. Henrie Morris Son of Ann & an Unknown Father Feb. 3. Ralph Son of Job & Mary Hill „ 12. John Son of Tho* & Sarah Hunnit „ 14. John Son of Nicholas & Eliz: Hansiapp Feb. 22. Henry Son of Francis & Margaret Spicer Feb. 25. Prisilla D'' Rich^ & Isabell Maudike March 10. 1616. John Son of John & Patience Harrott May 12. Mark Son of Mark & Eliz: Whaley March 25. Rich'' Son of Henry & Mary Wirrall April 2. Tho^ Son of W" & Annis Co.x „ 21. Eliz<= D'" of Phillip & Annis Taylor July 4. John Son of Tho*^ & Alice Barnacle July 26. Ursula D'' of Benjamin &: Ann Turner Aug. 1 1. Dorithy D'' of John & Eliz: Cooke „ 12. Tho^ Son of Francis & Judith Holyoak, Rector of Southam. He was born Dec. 26 at 7 o'clock in y'= Morning being Thursday being S' Stephens day at Thorphouse & Bapt'' at Southam Jan. 12. Mary D'^ of Tho" & Ann Harris Oct. 6. Dorithy D' of Rich"! & Joan Jeffcot ,, 20. Edward Son of John & Eliz: Tue ,, 20. Eliz: D-- of Tho= & Elinor Whaley Dec. 19. Gyles Son of Rich'' & Ann Williams Feb. 9. Dorithy D'- of Tho-' & Alice Tubbs „ 2. Martha l)'" cf Tho^ & Dorithy Worrall March 2. 1617, Clement Son Job & Rahab Belt March 28, .Mary Dr. of John i'^- Joan Tidnam April 6 John Son of Robert & .\nnis (Wbbons May 1 1 Eliz: D-- of W'" & Ann Hay ward June 8 Jone I )"^ Henry & Ursula Wheatley „ 8 Phillip Son of Rob' & Agnes Taylor June 14 Dorithy D^ of Edward & Mary Babb June 15 Rahab D'' of Tho^& Alice Marsh Sept. 25 Alice D"' of James & Ann Eedes Oct. 5 Sara D'' of Tho'* & Sara Bate „ 1 2 Edward Son of R'' & Eliz: Palmer Nov. i Edward Son Edward & .Agnes Green Oct. 15 Ann D'' of W"" & Mary Chatwyn Nov. 5 Judith D"^ of Henry & Marie Worrall Dec. 7 Joan D'' of Margaret Lines (a Bastard) Dec. 24 Tho'' Son of W'" & Jane Banburie Jan. 1 Agnes D"' of Henry & Ellen Spicer „ 4 Isabell D'' of Henry & Martha Chambers Jan. 25 W'" Son of W'" & Agnes Cox March 5, Benjamin Son of Edward & Agnes Goode March 14 Agnes D-- of Tho^ & Ellen Whaley March 22 1618, Robert Son of John & Eliz: Clark April i o Eliz: D"" of John & Pat'ence Harrett May T 7 John Son of Anthony & Marie Brayfield May 20 Marie D' of Tho* & Sara Hunnet June 2 W" Son of John & Eliz: Hans Aug 9, Robert Son of Rob' & Alice Taylor Oct. II Eliz: D'' of R-J Starke „ 11 Benjamin Son of Francis &: Margaret Spicer Nov. i. KECISTEK OF BAl'T/SMS. Christian D'' of I'.dward & Eliz. Green Dec. I. Frances D'' of Joseph & Dorithy Key Jan. 13. Anna D'' of John &: Martha Edmonds Jan. 27. Eliz. D-- of Tho-' & Annis Tuhb Feb. 7. Joan Gibbons John & Elisabeth „ 20. Moses Son of William Higham March 11. 1619, Tho" Son of Rich'' &: Joan Jeffcott April ^. Will'" Son of W"' & Isabell Lambourn May 17. John Son of Tho^ & Ellinoi' Whaley May 23. Mark Son of John & Agnes Dawes „ 3c. Eliz: D'" of John & Marie Hill June 20. Tho* Son of The" &: Agnes Stallworth July 18. Henrie Son of W'" & Mary Sorrell Aug. 4. George Son of Geo; & Eliz: \Vheatley Sept. I. Eliz: D^ of Henry & Martha Chambers Sept. 21. Tho" Son of Rob' & Agnes Gibbons Oct. 10. J"an Di" of \V™ & Joan CooVe Nov. 14. Mary D' of Job & Rahab Belt „ 28. Htnry Son of Henry & Marie Worrall Nov. 28. Joan D"" of Jolm & Margeret Harris Dec. 5. John Son of John &: Alice Rise „ 26. Robert Son of Mark & Eliz. Whaley Jan. 16. 1620. I'Vancis Son of W'" iS: Agnes Cox April 1 7. Will'" Son of \V"' \' Sarah \Vade June 1 1. Geo'-' Son of James & Frances Higham July 2. ^fartha D' of R'' I'v Isabell Starkcy „ 12. Eliz: D"' of John & Marie Lorde July 16. Mary D' of John & Eliz: Woodford ,, 23. Tho^ Son of ')ho^ & Ann Harris Aug. 2. Marie D'" of R'' & Alice Palmer „ 27. Tho^ Son of Edward Greene Sept. 3. Susanna D"" of Edward & Joan Thomas Oct. I. W"^ Son of W"> & Jojce Mills „ 18. fTenrie Son of John & Eliz: Clarke Nov. i. Tho* Son of Tho'* & Eliz: Gibbons „ 12. Edward Son of E'' & Marie I'laves „ 13. S.rah D'- of Tho'* & Sarai Hunnet Dec. 10. Dorithy D"" of John & ]\atience Harrittes Dec. 24. Tho^ Son of Robert & Alice Taylor Dec. 31. Tho"* Son of John & Ursula Chester Feb. 25. Susanna D'" of Tho'* & Sarah Rate ,, 25. 1621, Eliz: D-- of K^ & Agnes Williams April 8. Marie 1 )■■ of W'" & Marie Chetwine „ 1 5. Tho'' Son of John & Eliz: Harris „ 22. Joan I)'' of Henrie & Marie Worrall May 6. Alice D'' of John & Martha Edmonds May 6. Agnes D"' of W"' c^ Agnes Riddle June 10. W'" Son of Tho^ & Elinor Whaley July 8. Henrie Son of R'' & Joan Jeffcott Sept. 2. Tho^ Son of W'" & Isabell Lambourn Sept. 9. John Son of Henry & Ursula Wheatly Oct. 21. Robert Son of (mIus ."v: .-Mice Rett Dec. 5. W'" & Sarah S (.S; I)"" of Anthonie il- Marie Brayfiekl March 9. Rich'' Son of James &: Ann Eedes March 24. MargcreL l)'"of Rich'' & Lsabell Starkey March 13. I^.Iiz: D' of Tho- \- Eh': Hicham lunc ■;. K LOIS If./'! OF HAITI SMS. 1622, Job Son of JoS & Rahab Belt June 30. John Son of Margaret Lines April 5. ludith I)' of Henry ^: Martha Chambers April 10. R'' Son of James &: Frances Higham April 16. Job Son of Job & Mary Hill „ 25. Richd Son of W"- & Joyce Mills May 8. Judith D"' of W"' & Jane Banburie „ 22. Henry Son of Tho' & Agnes Gibbons June 30. Henry Son of W™ &r Agnes Cox „ 30. Robert Son of R' & Agnes Arden July 14. Sarah D'' of W"" & Sarai U'ady Aug. 11. Robert Son of R'' & Agnes Wootten Aug. 19. Eliz: D-- of Eliz: & Edward Greene Sept. 8. Sarai D'" of John & Eliz: Clarke „ 15. Eliz: D'' of Tho^ & Ann Harris ,, 22. Eliz. D-- of Tho" & Eliz: Gibbons Oct. 13. Alice D"' of Tho" & Mary Hall „ 20. John Son of John & Ursula Chester Oct. 27. Zachrie Evans Son of John & Jane Evans Nov. 17. Agnes D'' of Tho' & Helenor \\'hally Nov. 23. Richd Son of R'' & Mary Coles Dec. i. Eliz: a poor Mans Child „ i. Mary D'' of John & Mary Lord „ i. Jane D'' of VV"' & Joan Cooke „ 8. John Son of Edward & Joan Crooke Dec. 15. 1623, W"" Son Henry & Mary Worrall April 13. James Son of John & Eliz: Woodford April 20. Annthony Son of Tho' & Ann Stalvvorth May 8. Eliz: D'- of Mark & Eliz: Whally May 28. R'' Son of Nicho'as & Elizabeth Perry Aug. 22. John Son of Tho^ & Sarah Haiinet Aug. 22. John Son of R<^ & Annis Wotton Sept. 7. Margaret D'' of Henry iJc Sarah Wheatly Sept. 2'. Miz: D"- of W™ & Sarah Wade „ 21. Eliz: \y of Giles & Alice Bell Oct. 19. Eliz. D' of W" & Agnes Biddle Nov. 4. Anne D'' of W™ Lambert „ 27. Mary D'' of John & Patience Harriots Dec. 4. Bridget D'' of Robert & Isabell Rose Feb. 4. Henry Son of Henry i*v: Martha Chambers Feb. 25. Edward Son of John & Eliz: Homes Feb. 25. Samuel Son of Job &: Rhahab Bett March 11. 1624. Eliz: D"- of The* & Mary Bate May t 8. Sarah D' of Thos^ & Eliz: Harris ,, 20. Sarah D'' of Edward & Sarah Poole June 8. Jane D"' of John Chester July 18. Tho*' Son of Robert Taylor ,, 30. John Son of Tho'^ & Eliz: Gibbins Sept. i. Annis Jackson a Pedlers Child „ 10. John Son of Robert & Annis Arden Sept. 2 I. Ann D'' of James & Bridget Welch Oct. i. Ann \y of W" eS: Ann Hunt „ 10. John Son of W"" & Joyce Mills „ 18. Edward Son of E'' &: Joan Crooke „ 30. W"' Son of W' & Annis Biddle Nov. 8. Eliz: D-- of John & Mary Jeffs „ 24. Richard Son of R'' Starkey ,, 30. Robert Son of Tho*^ ,S: Elinor Cox Dec. 9. Eliz. D'' of W"" & Christian Chebsey Jan. 23. Mary V)' of Edward & Mary Fares March i. Mary \y of Tho'' & Mary Hall „ 5. REGISTER OF BAPTISMS. 1625, Judith D'- of Giles cS: Alice Belt about palm Sunday. Ann D' of Thymothy & Doritliy Jackson April 19. Rich'' Son of John & Ursula Chester April 24. Eliz: D'' of Tho^ & Sarah Hunnet May i. Edward Son of E'' & Eliz: Greene „ i. Robert Son of Rich 19- June 2. July 6. ,. 30- Aug. 3. " 5- „ 10. „ 19- Sept. 20. Oct. 26. Nov. 1. Dec. 2. March i. ,, 12. 1644, Tho' Gibbins y^ Elder May 15, Eliz: Piddington June 26 Rich'' Loch, a Mason Aug. 4 John Turner a Baileiffe „ 28 Mary y= wife of Robert Wheatley Sept. 3 Dorcas D'' of John & Susanna Hayward Nov. 18 Edward Farley — cum testamento ,, 20 Ann D"- of E*" & Ann Home „ 26 Mary Palmer Feb. 7 1645, Alee wife of Tho* Marsh Sen"- Will" Green Humphry Freeman Mary Sorrall Jun"" Rich'' Son of Tymothy >.\: dickc Joan Dadford & Joan Starkey her D both in one Grave Oct. 24th. Dorithy wife of Edward Crooke Nov. 4. Ann Smith widow ,, 6. Lettice wife of Edward Freeman ,, 7. A Travelling Man supposed to Dwell at Cosillhull (Coleshill) Nov. 13. Tho* Marsh Sen'' ,, 22. Edward Masters Servant to W'" Marsh Nov. 23. Dec. 2. „ n. „ 26. Jan. 2. Feb. 14. ,. 17- Eliz: Coles widow Tho* Ludlow Rich'' Freeman a Butcher Annize wife of Tho'. Barnacle Alee wife of John Furley Eliz: D'- of John & Eliz: Wright Tho'^ Son of Robert & Ann Lawrence ^Larch 6. 1646. ALiry D'' of James Higham May 7. Ann 1)'' of Rich<^ & Bridget Lyndon May 12. W"! Son of R'' & Mary Cox „ 1 5. Ann D'' of John & Ann Jephcot June i. Hester Pampion „ 3. John Geadon y^ Elder ,, 21. John Son of Edward & Ann Home „ 30. Dorithy widow, wife of John Geadon Sen"' July 4. .Alee D'' of Tho*" and Christian Judkin Aug. 9. Mary Biddle Feb. 25. Jane Lyndon „ 26. Joan Wheatley March 22. 1647. ;y April 30- Rich'' Williams April 20 May 16. Eliz: Biddle „ 20 June 23. Robert Edmonds Sen'' „ 28 July 8. Eliz: D-- of John Jeffs June 28 bet. 8. Eliz: wife of Rich" Webb July 10 Cliz: Maw- Rich" Wotton y"^ Elder „ 28 Oct. 16. Paul Bicknell Aug. S REGISTER OF MA RRIA CES. 9 1631. Francis Bottom & Sara Chester May 2. Henrie Lynes & Dorithie Smyth Nov. 24. 1632. Robert Arden & Jone Hodges May i. Rali)he Ingrome & Mary Hassell Both of ye parish of St. Trinity in Coventry Ijy Virtue of a Licence from Lichfield Court Useby Hohiies of Lavvbridge & Ann Branston John Mash & EHz: Spicer Tho* Kinge & Alice Taylor Rich'' Warde & Frances Edmondes W™ Cooke & Margret Lynes 1633. 1634. 1635. June 29. July 23- June 24. Feb • 7- Nov . I. Jan. 14. April 23- June I. Aug. 24. June 24. j> 3°- Aug. 10. Jan. 29. Edward Draper & Millicent Clarke by virtue of a Licence. Rich'J Russell &: Mary Pinchbacke by virtue of a Licence. John Mulline,\ & Mary Clever 1636. Rich'' Maunton & Eliz: Malyn Edward Walker alias Wackit & Jane Huit Tho* Higham & Margaret Tubbs Abell Butler & Ann Brent by Licence 1637. Tho-^ Hall & Susanna Coles April 25. 1638, George Hanes cS: Ann Taylor Tho* Goode & Joan Coles 1639. Henry Eeles & Ann Goade by virtue of a sufficient License Robert Brown & Mary Coles George Wheatly & Rose Mills 1640. W" Mash & Dorithy Edmonds Tho' Turner & Mary Goade Edward Goade & Frances Miller April 24. Nov. 27. April 16. July 25- Jan. 13- June 4. J) 16. Aug. 25- 2 ,o REGISTER OF MARRIAGES. John Hawley &: Kathrine Staunton by Licence Oct. 30. George Worrall &: Margaret Coales Nov. 30. George Jarvise & Alice Atkins J^"- '4- John White & Eliz Taylor with Licence Feb. 20. 164L Edward Swift & Dorithy Babbs May 27. Rich'! Bradford & Joan Starckey Aug. 26. P'rancis Parsons & Eliz: Lucas >i S'- John Furley & Alice Eedes ' Nov. i. Alexander Whalley and Ann Ward >' ^• George Eyres & Mary Allen Feb. 6. 1642, Tho5 Hoggins & Ann Barnacle April 26. Edward Milles & Mary Nuthe » z6. Gyles Morize & Miliceene Ellard Feb. 14. 1643. Nycholas Meacock & Elinor Locke Nov. 16. John House & Ann James Dec. 18. Rich'! Ward & Mary Malin Jan. 14- 1644, No Marriages Regis'^. 1645, The' Hall & Prissilla Mawdike April 15. 1646, Edward Freeman & Isabell Crooke March 31. Rich'' Goode & Patience Marsh April 23. 1648 }"°^^"'"'^''- 1649, Robert Maunton & Eliz: Lord Oct. 15. John Mullinax & Ann Piddington Dec. o t. 1650, Tho"' Garlecke & Eliz. Simms Oct. 5. Henry Todd & Margaret Gibbins „ 15. The said Henry Todd Dwellcth in y'' parish of St. Buttoli'h without .Mdgatc London, a Weaver, W'" Mills (.V Alice King Jan. !.[. REGISTER OF MARRIAGES. II 1651. Walter Pearce of Brill on the Hill in the County of Bucks & Eliz: Worrall July 2. Tho'^ Tymes & Mary Shrowsbury ,> 7- W"" Blackwell & Jane Soper of Over Eattenton Oct. 16. Henry Attkins & Mary Green Widow now of Cubbington Nov. 25. 1652, Richd French & Rachell Hanslapp May 27. By Reason of a new Act of Parliament this Book doth begin on the 29"' day of this September 1653, to that purpose. Warivic/cs/i ire. IVkeiras it appcarcth iiiito luc by a Certificate wider ye Hands of ye Jllajor part of ye Inhabitants of ye parish of Southani in this County, ivho are Contribiitary to ye poor, that they have Elected and chosen Thomas Hall, the parish Clarke of the said parish of Southani, to be the Register of the said parish. According to ye Late Act for that purpose, I doe tlierefore approve and Alloive of the Choice of the sai-.l Thomas Hall for the Keeping the said Refster: In J Fitness rvhereof T have here unto put my Hand the 19"' Day of November 1653. J. Sy. Archer. The Names of those Christians that were married at Southam from ye 29''' Day September 1653 As followeth : The days of publication of the purpose of Marriage Between Rich'' Ellis of ?pratton in North**" ye son of James Ellis the one party, and Margerett Wootton of Southam in this County the D'' of John Wootton Deceased the other party ware (That is to say) on ye 22'' of Jan^ ye 29''' of Jan>' ye s'*" of Feb^ being on ye Lords days No one opposeing it. The purpose of marrage Between Daniel Lee of Tachbrooke-lNLillery ye son of Margert Lee widow ye one party, & Ann Jockam of Southam widow the other party, and were published 3 several Lords days : ye 22''of Jan^ ye 29''' of Jan. the 5"' of Feb^ in ye p'sh Church of Southam according to ye late Act — • and George Smyth Gent: of Broadway in Worstershire did make Exception against ye said Marrigge, and the same hath been Certified before S'' Symon Archer Justice of ye peace for this County also ye Certificate was delivered to Daniel Lee on ye II''' of Febn The purpose of marriage between Tho* Packwood of Briiiklow tS: B.irbara Crowe of Dunchurch was published one Day viz. ye 6''' of Ahirch in ye Market place of Southam according to ye Late Act No one opposeing it. RE(;/STI:N of MAk'h'lACES. 13 The purpose of Marriage between John Nassby of Marston priors & Mary Dormer of Everton in North"'' widow ware pubhsh'd 3 several market days in ye Market place, on ye 13''' of March ye 20''' of Do. and ye 27''' of March 1654 no one opposeing it. 1654, The purpose of Marriage Between John Turner of Southam & Dorithy Cooper of i.illington was ])ublished 3 Lords days in Southam Church no one opposeing it, and were married May i*' before S'' Symon Archer Knight, Justice of ye peace. The purpose of Mar= between Francis Co.\ & Dorithy Gibbins both of this p*^ was published 3 Lords days in So'" Church no one opposing it, & married ye 6'"' of ALiy before S'' Symon Archer Knight & Justice of ye peace. W™ Sanders & Eliz Worrall both of ye parish were published 3 Lords Days in Southam Church on ye 25''' of May, 28''' and ye 4"' of June No one opposeing it. The purp= of MarS'= Between Rich'' Goode & Eliz Malin both of Southam were published 3 several Lords days in our parish Church on ye 25''' of June, ye 2 of July, and ye 9'"^ no one opposeing it. And he had the Certificate ye 25'*" of July. The purpose of Mar: between John Jackson & Kathrine Draper both of y* p'sh was published 3 several Lords days in Southam Church on July ye 30"' August ye 6''' tS; i3<'' No one oppos'd. The purpose of Mar: between James Simons of Moor End in the parish of Hampton in Arden, son of R'' Simmons &: Mary Catesmoore of Woolston — was published 3 market days in ye open Market in Southam on August ye 7"' ye 14''' and 21"' according to ye Late Act no one opposeing it. The purpose of marriage Between Peter Sadler of Weston, son of Mountague & Susanna Sadler, of Fillingley in this County, & Mary Daves of Wappenbury widow, Henry Garrett of Wappenbury afore^'' herGardian, Hath been published 3 several Market Days in ye open market in Southam (That is to say) August ye 14"' ye 25"' & 28"" according to ye Late Act : no one opposeing it. Purpose of Marriages Between Henry Collins of Hurst in ye p'' of Stonley the Son of W" Collins of the same & Eliz Mousley of Cryfield in ye said parish, was published 3 several Market days in ye open Market in Southam on Sepf ye iS'*', ye 25''', & on ye 2'' Ocf noe one opposeing it. Between Robert Wootton of Southam the son of John \\'ootton deseas'd the one party S: Kathrine Barnacle D"' of Tho^ Barnacle of Southam afore said, the other party was published 3 several Lords days in ye p'' Church of Southam on Oct ye 1 5"', ye 22'' & 29"" according to ye Late Act, noe one opposeing it. Between Rich'' Maunton of Southam & Susanna Turner D' of Rich'* Turner & Elinor his wife was published 3 Lords days in Southam Church on Oct ye 22'' ye 29"* & 5"' of Nov"" without opposition. 14 REGISTER OF MARRIAGES. Between John Thomas of Warwick & Aylce Payne of Coventry was published 3 market days in ye open Market in Southam on Nov ye 20'" ye 27'" iv: ye 4 of DcC No one opposeing it, and had the Certificate ye same day. Between Clement Belts son of Job. Betts Both of Southam & Rebeccka Barber of the City of Norwich ye D"' of Nicholas Barber Gent; & Ann his wife both deceas'd Late of Thurleton in ye County of Suffolk, was published 3 several Lords Days in ye parish Church of Southam on Dec ye 3<^ ye 10'" & 17'" according to ye Late Act, no one opposeing it. Between W™ Jeffes &: Eliz Brown both of Southam was published the same days as ye next above, noe one opposeing it. Between W"> Hewes of Napton son of W™ Hewes of Napton & Mary Saunders of Long Bridge in ye parish of St. Mary Warwick the D'' of The' Saunders of the same Gent: were Published 3 markets days in ye open markets in Southam Jan. ye 15"' ye 22"^ & 29"' no one opposeing it, they had the Certificate ye 29"' of Jan''>'. Between W"" Hands of Weston-undcrweathlye Son of W"" Hands late of Offchurch deceas'd & Jane Cross of Wappenbury D"' of R"^ Cross dwelling near Bister in y= County of Bucks, was published 3 market days in y'= open of Southam on Jan. 29"', Feb. y^ 5"", & 12"' without opposition. Between Mathew Quiney of Fenny Compton y'= Son of W"' Quiney Late of Napton deceas'd & Isabell D'' of Tho* & Jane Watson of Staverton in North*'^ was pub- lished in y'= open market on Feb''>' ye 5"' ye 12"' & 19"' No one opposeing it. Purpose of Marriage between Thos: Rose of Knightcot in y"" parish of Great Dassett in this County y^ son of Nich^ Rose of Great Brailes the one party, & Martha Hi.\on of y*^ Northend of Great Dasett aforesaid the other party was published 3 several Market days in y= open Market in Southam that is to say on y= 19"' Feby ye 26"' of Feby & y"= 5"' of March according to the late Act : no one opposeing it. 1655, Purpose of marriage between John Burton of Loxley, and Margaret Barret, of Stratford- upon-Avon, with consent of all P'riends, was published in y"-* open Market of Southam April ye 2'' 9"' J inj V vj 'j iij vj c iiij vj vj iij xix i 14 PARISH OF SOUTH AM CHURCHWARDENS' ACCOMPTES. pad for Bread and Ale on St. James Day to the ringers ... ... o o x to Nicholas Hanslapp for a Ladder ... ... ... o v o Nov"' 5"' for ale & Cakes for ye Ringers ... ... ... o o ix ,, y'= 25"' at y' Bishops Court in Coventry ... ... o iiij viij for Hireing a horse to ride to the Court ... ... ... oox 100 of 8'! nailes ... ... ... ... ... o o viij Dec'^ ye 30 for a flaggon ... ... ... ... o vj viij The new flagon in 161 4. paid for 3 pints of wine ... ... ... ... o j vj ,, for Washing y^ surplis ... ... ... ... o ij o „ for an houre glasse ... ... ... ... ... o j o The usual length of sermons from the Reformation til! the latter part of the seventeenth century was an hour. Puritans preached much longer — two, three, and even four hours. For the measurement of the time of sermon hour-glasses were frequently attached to pulpits. paid March y^ 24* to the Ringers ... ... ... o ij iiij „ Aug. y<^ fifth ale to the Ringers ... ... ... o j ij ,, to Francis Judkin for the Book ... ... ... o xij ij This might be the Book of Common Prayer, as revised by the Archbishop of Canter- bury (Whitgift) and other High Commissioners according to King James I.'s command, after the failure and breaking up of the Sa\oy Conference. .Some minor changes and alterations were made, and the part of the Catechism relating to the Sacraments was added. This entry, however, perhaps more probably refers to the copy of Bishop Jewel's 'Apology or Defence of the Church of England,' collected in a large folio volume in 1609, and placed in many churches. We find it named subsequently in the list of church goods at Southam. paid at Docter Hintons Court at Southam ... ... ... o iiij iiij ,, Tho'^ Bate his brother for his horse breaking the church grate ... o o vj ,, for mending the wall at the over church stile ... ... o o iij 1615, Fr.\ : HoLiOAK, Rector. Tho'* Barnacle ] Church- [chosen by Mr. Holyoak. W" Butler [wardens. ( „ by the town. RoB^ Taylor ) o-j I Sidemen. Rob'^ Marsh J who paid for Bread & Drink for I'edley and his company when they took Down the Bell paid for a Theale for the top of ye Church „ to tloodman- Cooper for Lead Nails Goodinai?, a householder. Matt. .\x. 11. paid Rich'' Newth for solder & a Theale ... ... ... o iij „ in Charges when they went to Leicester with ye 3'' Bell it was new cast ... ... ... ... ... j V This one that is without date is the oldest, and is now the fourth bell in the peal. J viij iiij PARISH OF SOUTHAM ClIURCIIWARnP.NS' ACCOMPTES. paid to John Harriote for Drawing ihe Bell tliilher & home ... o xvij ,, to Pedley for 3 Days work for himself & his men at the Hanging the .same bell ., in Bread & Drink when y= same I^>ell was Hanged up ,, Mending the bauldricks „ John Wood for a Bell rope ... ,, for a bowestringe to piece the bell rope ... Bowstring-s would be still commonly procurable, although bows were fallen into disuse. It is known that a law was passed in the reign of Edward IV. that every Englishman should have a bow of his own height, and that ' butts ' should be set up for archery in every village. \' J ij j viij iij i 1616. Francis Holioak, Rector. Augustine Mkacockei^, , , „ , Lhurchwarde Francis Juukin j Thos. Barnacle ) Will"' Butler J -Sidemen. paid to Goodwife Hill for two peices of timber to make Theales „ to Mr. Toange for a Coppie of the Register ,, to Edward Mason for three days work in the Church ,, W"" Coles for 2 days work there Rec'' for Sir Clement Throckmorton a levie ... He was the son of Job, the Puritan zealot (see ' Burial Register' for 1582) and grandson of Clement Tlirockmorton, Esq , who presented to the Rectory here in 5 Edward VI., and died seized of a fifth part of the manor in 16 Elizabeth. This .Sir Clement, Knight, was a gentleman eminent for his public service, learning, and eloquence. He served in sundry Parliaments as one of the Knights of the Shire, and undertook various employments of note. Clement Throckmorton, Esq., his son, was one of the lords of the manor in Dugdale's time. XVJ ij iiij j ij J 1617. -Churchwardens. by Mr. H. Tho" Harris U,, , , by Mr. H. '-( hurrhwnrdpn';. ■' Tymothy J.\CKS0N Augustine MEAcocK"|r.-j } sidemen. Francis Judkin paid to y'= Ringers Nov. ye s'"^ to Mr. Isham for carrying the Coppy of the Register to Lichfield.. to Wi" Chatwine for Timber for the Bells & floores ... to Rich'' Turner for Iron work done at the Bells to the Smith of Draicot for a pair of Hinges for the Church Grate for bread & beer at the procession This is elsewhere called the ' perambulation,' and in some places ' beating of the bounds' or 'gangday,' to which occasion the numerous processions of the Romish Church had been limited and reduced by our Reformers. The minister, accompanied by his church- wardens and parishioners, used on one of the rogation days to go round the bounds of the IJ vj ij iiij xiiij iiij viij X ij o 'J Vllj iiij o vj i'j iiij o iiij iiij o viij vj ij xix X l6 PARISH OF SOUTHAM CHURCHWARDENS' ACCOMPTES. parish, pray to God for a blessing on the fruits of the earth and to preserve the rights and property of the parish. There is among the Zurich letters one from Archbishop Grindal upon the right use of such perambulations, and what psalms were to be said. paid to a Gretion Merchant ... ... ... ... o ij o ' Merchant ' was formerly a fami'iar word equivalent to chap, fellow, and there are reasons for supposing that this refers to a travelling student, a poor Greek scholar, a chapman and bookhawker. The supporters of reformed doctrines favoured the study of the New Testa- ment writings in the original Greek, instead of in the Latin Vulgate. They at the universities were called ' Grecians ' and their opponents ' Trojans,' and violent disputes and altercations took place between them. paid to a man that had a Loss by fire „ When they went to Coventry to buy Lead ,, for Lead ,, for Carridge of the Lead ,, for wood to melt y^ Lead ,, to Rich"^ Newth for Casting of the Lead & laying of it ,, for Malt to make Liquor for the morter & Allam & Copperas & rosin ... ... ... ... ... o viij iiij These were required for soldering the leads and for mortaring together the stones at the top of the walls beneath them. From the largeness of the outlay and the quantity of lead used, it would seem that the arrangement made in 1603 between William Dawkes of Stratford and the townsmen of .Southam for re-leading the church had been very incom- pletely carried out. paid to whittier for one baldrick & mending the other & killing 3 urchins o iij viij ,, for a new Bible, New Version ... ... ... ij iij o This was the present Authorized Version that proceeded from the Hampton Court Conference in 1603-4 ; where many exceptions being made to the ' Bishops' Bible,' King James gave orders for a new translation ; not, as the preface expresses it, ' for a translation altogether new, but to make a good one better, or, of many good ones, one principal good one.' Fifty-four learned men were appointed to this office by the King, as appears by his letter to the Archbishop, dated 1604, which, being three years before the translation was entered upon, it is probable that seven of them were dead or had declined the task, as a later list makes but forty-seven, who, being ranged under six divisions, entered on their province in 1607. These were all men of 'ponderous' learning, headed by Bishop Andrewes, who was master of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Chaldee, .Syriac, and fifteen modern languages. The new translation was published in 161 1, in folio by Barker, with a dedication to James and a learned preface, and is cominonly called King Jamc^s Bible. .Some other editions have received strange names as the ' Breeches Bible,' 1599, called from the word being used for the coverings Adam and F^ve used after the fall. The 'Wicked Bible' was the naine assigned to the one printed by Barker and Lucas in 1631. The word 'not ' was omitted in the seventh coinmandment. Laud had the printers heavily fined for this mistake. The Authorized translation of 161 1 obtained universal and lengthened acceptance until 1870, when the Convocation of Canterbury determined on a revision, with what degree of success is a matter of controversy. paid To the ringers on the 24"' of March for bread & beer & greace ... o j vj Ringing in the new year, which began on March 25th at that time. paid To the Widow Taylor for washing the surplus ... ... o ij o Rcc'' of Mr. Rob" Hanslapp for the Otild Bible . ... ... o xiiij o PARISH OF SOUTH AM CHURCHWARDENS ACCOMPTES. 17 1618. Fra. Hoi.i.ioak, Rector. Anthony Stai.lworth ^Church- /"chosen by the Rector. Henry Chambers /wardens. I. „ by the town. Tho* Harris Tymothy Jack.son ySidemen. paid for Bread &: drink at taking down the Bells & hanging up „ for Candles & Grease nails & packthread „ Henry Wiieatly for a Days work with W'" Pedley the Bellhanger. „ for four Old Halts „ to RichSidemen. Giles Betts ) paid for Chest & other Expenses ... ... ... ... o viij viij This was provided according to Canon 70 of the 'Constitutions and Canons Ecclesi- astical' of 1603, published by his Majesty King James under the great seal of England. It is there called ' one sure coffer with three locks and keys.' paid for fetching the Chest from Warwick to Ladbrook & from thence home ... ... ... ... ... o iij iiij „ in Charges when we were called for the Insufficency of ye Church mounds ... ... ... ... ... o iij vj PARISH OF SOUTHAM CnURC/fWARDENS' ACCOMPTES. paid more to a schollar by Mr. Hollioaks ap|)oiiitinent See preceding' paymeiil to a ' gretian,' in 1617. paid for delivering a copy of y^ Register 19 o ij vj 1621. Francis Hoi.lioak, Rector. Tho^ Coles VV" Chatwin - Churchwardens. paid at y' visitation at Coventry ... ... ... ... o xv o „ in Charges at a Court held at Southam about the insuffitiencey of ye Church Mounds ... ... ... ■•■ o j x „ for Bread & Beer for the Ringers when y« Prince came through our town ... ... ... ... ... o j vj Prince Charles, formerly Duke of York, now become heir-apparent to the throne by the death of his elder brotlier, Prince Henry, at the age of 19, a few years previously, h does not appear upon what occasion this was. The court was sometimes at Woodstock and 0.\ford, and the road from those places to Coventry and the north lay through Southam. paid for Drink for John Cowper when he came about y'= Clapers „ for making y' Clapers „ W™ Pedley for work about y^ Bells ,, at a court held at Southam about y^ insufficency of y« Church „ for a Truss for the Bells „ for carrying the lathers ,, for Carrying y"-' Clapers to Ladbrook „ for Ringing on ye Kings Holiday (Coronation Day, July 25) „ Nov. s"" to y' Ringers "J xij vj XV ij vj iij vj 'j j j ij j 1622, Fra. Hollioak, Rector. Anthony Brayfieldj Joshua Key j Tho^ Coles 1 W^' Chatwin J Churchwardens. Sidemen. paid at Anthony Stallworths in charges on Lichfield men at a Court held at Southam ... ij The ' insufficiency ' of the church and church-mounds caused no less than th-ee courts of inquiry to be held at Southam about this time. Many of the walls now surrounding the churchyard were not then in existence, and especially on the east side between the church and the Market Hill, where buildings now so much, unfortunately, obstruct the view of the church from the town. 20 PARISH OF SOUTH AM CHURCHWARDENS' ACCOMPTES. paid for reading the man of \\'armington his pennance ... ... o o vj Penance, an ecclesiastical punishment or penalty used in the discipline of the Church of England by which an offender was obliged to give public saiisfaction to the Church for scandal done by his evil example. For small offences a satisfaction or penance was required to be made before the minister and churchwardens and some of the parishioners. For very serious offences the offender was sometimes enjo ned to do public penance in the parish church or the marketplace bare-legged, bare-headed, and in a white sheet, and to make open confession of his crime in a form of words prescribed by the judge. It would seem as if the 'man of Warmington's ' offence had been serious, as the terms of his penance were made public by being read at Southam, and perhaps the offence might have been committed by him there. paid for the presentment for want of Certain Books ... ._•■ o j U One of the 'Constitutions and Canons Ecclesiastical' of 1603 enacted that the church- wardens or questmen should, at the charge of the parish, provide the Book of Common Prayer, lately explained in some few points by his Majesty's authority, according to the laws and his Highness's prerogative in that behalf, and if any parishes be yet unfurnished of the Bible of larger volume, or of the Books of Homilies allowed by authority, the churchwardens were also, within convenient time, to provide the same. The authorized version of the Bible had, as we have seen been provided a few years previously, so this ' want of certain books' appears to refer to the books of Homilies or else Jewel's works, which both appear subse- quently to have been in the church. paid to John Woodford for Bellropes ... ... ... o iiij o „ to W™ Babb for Nailes ... ... ... ... o iiij o „ for mending )•= Little Bell Claper ... ... ... gov ,, for Bread & Beer for the Ringers on St. James Day ... ... o o vj King James had become \ery unpopular, which may account for no notice being taken that this day was also Coronation Day in this and succeeding entries. paid John Harris for hooping a vessel and handlasses for 2 buckets ... o j viij ' Handlass,' i.e., hand-lace, a string or cord wound round the hand to carry by ; thus also wind lass, the lace or rope which "a'inds round a cylinder or barrel. Now used for an iron handle. paid for a rope for y^ Little Bell ... „ Nov. 5"' to y"= Ringers „ Strike of glovers shread These were used to make 'size' for the whitening mentioned below. paid >Lirch ye 24"' to the Ringers last day of y= year „ to two Irish women with a pass The colonization of Ulster by English and Scotch took place in this reign. Many entiies refer to giving relief to poor distressed Irish passing through ; often Protestants driven out of the other parts of Ireland with the most cruel barbarity. paid for 12 strikes of \\"al.sall lime... ... ... ... o xj o \\ hen lime of excellent quality could have been made at home it seems strange to have paid I id. a bushel ^= 7s. 4d. a quarter for lime from Staffordshire. paid Henry Wheatly for cleaning the Church after till W'hitcners ... o ij iiij for Hinge for the reading scat IJ j 'j i.x j ■j i'j PARISJI OF SOUTH AM CHURCHWARDENS- ACCOMPTES. 21 paid for Iron work to Rich'* Turner for the Fastening of Particion between y'= Church & Chancell ... ... ... oox Th(s would he, perhaps, to secure some part of the old chancel screen, or rood-loft, which was used to form a new sort of particion.' Some remains of the old screen, and also the entrance to the rood-loft, are yet visible. 1623, Th.-vncis Hoi.i.io.vK, Rector. Job Hill \ Tho^ Hunnit I Anthony Rrayfieldi Churchwardens. O IJ vj o viij o o o iiij ° J vj ° J vj o o vj ° j X o o iilj o viij vj o iij o o j iilj JO.SHUA Key -Sidemen. J.i^MiiS Welch J paid to Ed. Farley for work about the Vestry ... „ in Charges at visitation held at Southani in Maie ,, to a poor man that had a Loss by fire „ to y' Ringers on St. James's Day „ to y= Ringers y^ 5"" of August „ to two men that had a loss by fire the one of them Blind ,, in charges on y= Ringers when the Bishop was here ... „ to a Deaf minister by Mr. Hollioaks order ,, in Charges when they went to Lichfield ... ,, for horse hire to Lichfield ,, in charges on y= Ringers when the Prince returned from Spain On February 24th in this year Prince Charles and Buckingham had secretly embarked for Madrid to conclude in person the negotiations for his marriage with the Infanta Maria of Spain, a business which had occupied his father for nearly the preceding seven years. On their way in Paris Charles first saw his future Queen, Henrietta Maria, youngest daughter of Henri I\'. Upon the Prince's return and the uncertainty about the conclusion of the Spanish match, there were genuine rejoicings, as the project was extremely unpopular. paid to Mr. HoUioak for his seat ... ... ... ... 0x0 This was for the workmanship in making the reading-desk mentioned below, which seems to have been done under Mr. Holyoak's own direction. paid for Washing y= Surplus & Table Cloth ,, for y« use of a Kettle for the painter to seeth his size in ,, to Mr. Hyan for stones for the vestrie ,, to y'' Ringers on }"= 5"' of Nov „ to the Painters of y" Church ... „ *br the marriage Table frame „ for a rope for the Little Bell ... ,, Wood for the Reading seat „ charges for the ringers when the Bishop was here ,, for a book when the Bishop came through the town The Bishop appears to have visited or passed through the town on three occasions this year. This was Bishop Thomas Morton, formerly of Chester, then of Lichfield, and afterwards o o o o iij o o 'J o ij ij XV ij o o J llj o o iiij o ij vj o o iiij 32 PARISH OF SOUTH AM CHURCHWARDENS ACCOMPTES. of Durham. He was the author of the declaration about Sports, called ' The Book of Sports, first issued by King James, the object of which was to prevent his good peoples' innocent and harmless recreations, that they had been accustomed to after Divine service in the afternoon of the Lord s day, being interfered with by the Puritans The declaration was to this effect : ' That for his good peoples recreation his Majesty s pleasure was, that after the end of divine service, they should not be disturbed, letted, or discouraged from any lawful recreations such as archery, dancing, &c. ; so as the same may be had in due and convenient time without impediment or let of divine service, withall prohibiting all unlawful spoils, as bearbaiting, buUbaiting, inte ludes, &c.' 1624, Francis Hoi.lioak, Rector. Tho^ Gibbons 1 ^, ^ „ _ ^Churchwardens. Tho^ Bates J ToB Hill "to-j „,„„ •' Sidemen. Tho' Hunnet J paid in charges at Stonley being Charged to go thither by 7*= Constable . ,, to a poor Minister ,, to Mr. Chebsey for Keeping y' Register ... ,, to a poor Man that had a request from Dunchurcb ... A letter from the minister and churchwardens, soliciting help in some local case of distress ; not so important as a 'brief paid for Carrying y' great bell Claper to I, adbrook „ to one for going to W'" pedley ,, for Ringing on St. James's Day ,, W"' Higham for Diging Stone „ to John Cooper for mending the great Bell Claper ... „ to John Woodfall for y' 4"^ Bellrope 1625, Fra. Hollioak, Rector. Henry Kilshy 1^, , , ■Churchwardens. Geo. U heatly s Tho= Gibbons jsidemen. Tho= Bates ) jiaid for Bread & beer at the presessioning ,, for Ringers on Nov. 5"' „ to the Ringer March y= 27"' ... Death of King James and accession of Charles 1. A remarkab'y small and inexpensive demonstration on this occasion. paid Rich'' Turner for y"^ stand for y^ Hour (ilas ... ••■ o ° ^'J In some churches these stands for the hour-glass, attached to the pulpit (see entry in 1614), still remain, though the glass itself has disappeared. 1 hey appear to ha\e been intro- duced soon after the Reformation, as there is an entry in the year 1564 in the books of St. Katheiine's. Aldgate : ' Paide for an hour ^lass that hangeth by the pulpit when the preacher doth make a sermon that he may know how the hour passcth away.' Later on discourses became much longer, and the glass could be turned, so that a Puritan preacher once said : ' P.rclhrcn. let's lum- (iiii>//u-r t^/osa before itr furt.' >J 'ij vj vj X ij ij "J inj ij vj PARISH OF SOUTIIAM CHUKCmVARDENS' ACCOMl'TES. 23 paid M'' Edmonds for Lime ... ... ... ... o ij o ,, for a Lock for y= Steei)Ie trap door ... ... ... o o iiij „ to Goodwife Babbs for nails and hooks ... ... ... 00 x ,, for a Baldrick tor the Saints Bell ... ... ... o o iiij „ Rich*^ Wootton for mending y' Staple and Key of y"^ Church Door o o iiij ,, Edw: Farley for i days work ... ... ... ... o j o „ Beer at Persession ... ... ... ... o ij vj 1626, Fr.^ncis Hollio.^k, Rector. Robert Rose"! Church- 1 , , , ,„ „ ,^ \ , }chosen by the mmister. Tho Horne j wardens. I paid for an yearnist ... ... ... ... ... o o vj ' Earnest ' money, on making some bargain, sometimes called ' argentum Dei,' or ' God- peny.' paid for claying quarries & fixing ... ... ... ... o iij iiij Clay was used to make up a solid floor on which the quarries could be fi.xed. paid 24"' May bread at procession ... ... ... o iij o „ at the visitation at Coventry ... ... ... ... o xvj vj „ bread & Wine at the New year tyde 1627. Rob' Edmonds, Jun'', of y" Pendike -1 A ,, 1 • !_• -Churchwardens. Augustine Meacocke, by parishioners j Henry Spicer ^ •D„„T r>„^ Sidemen. RoB^ Rose j 'Pendike' is a compound British and Anglo-Saxon word, meaning an entrenchment {dike) at the head or promontaiy {pen). This ancient designation is singularly preserved in the name of the street in that part of the town being called Appe/idi.r Street. paid for a quart of wine „ for washing y^ Surplus „ for nailes for y'-' Church fire grate „ Rich<^ AVright for Work at ye Grate „ to a Soldier by M'' Hollioak's desire „ to Lenard Mallin for mending y'^ seats „ at y^ Archdeacons Court held at Southam „ to Goode for a Bell rope „ to W" Gibbs of Stockton ,, to Band of Harbury ,, to Goode for Killing an urchin April y"= 29"' 1627 ij vj 'j vj iiij viij ij X vj iiij 24 PARISH OF SOUTH AM CHURCHWARDENS' ACCOMPTES. A Note of ye Church goods which were deleiver'd by Rob' Rose old Church warden unto Robt: Edmonds Jun'" & Augustine Meacocke chosen Churchwardens. Item, one Surplus, one Black Buckrum Carpet, one Communion Cloth, one Silver Cupp with a Cover, one Flaggon. Memorandom, There remaineth in the hands of Job Hill execf of Eliz: Hill late of Southain widow deceased the sum of 20** which was given by y' said Elizabeth towards the buying a Coaimunion cup to remain to the Church of Southam. There remaineth in y*' Hands of the Execf of Nicholas Hanslapp, late of Southam, Deceas'd the Like sum of 20^ to the like use. There remaineth in the Hands of y= Execf of Dorithy Hanslapp late of Southam widow deceas'd the Like sum given to y^ like. Item by Edmons ... ... ... ... ... ij o o „ ,, Hanslapp ... ... ... ... j o o „ „ Barbara Worrall ... ... ... ... 0x0 The new communion cup, the larger one now in use, was brought from London in 1633, according to an entry in the churchwardens' books for that year, and the n.Tnies of 'certayne godly persons,' whose gift it was, are engraved upon the cup, they do not exactly correspond, however, with the above-mentioned names. 1628. Fra: Hollvo.ak, Rector. Rob'^ Edmonds Jun"' 1 . p ,, > Churchwardens. Aug"" Me.\cocke j paid to pore Irish people „ to Good Taylor for Lath & Timber „ for leaving the billeting letters to M'' Rowley ,, for Washing y^ Surplus „ item for a qt of wine to the commissioners ,, Book of Articles ... The Thirty-nine Articles which had been agreed upon by the archbishops and bishops of both provinces and the whole clergy in 1562, and ratified by Queen Elizabeth in 1571, were now newly printed with a declaration by King James, but this entry may refer to articles or forms for presentments. paid Coram nomination ... ... ... ... o ij vj ' Coram '= Lat. ' quorum,' a bench of justices, such a number of any officers as is sufficient to do business. 'Justice of peace ' and ' Coram.'—' Merry Wives of Windsor,' i., 1. 1629. Francis Holyoak, Rector. Hen. Spicer 1 „ ,T, Churchwardens. Benjamin Turner j Robt. Edmonds Jun''^ . A HI hSideman. Aug. Meacocke J There remaineth in the hands of M"" Holyoak Jewels works and i Homllie book. Jewel's 'Apology' was a defence of the Catholic and Christian faith of the Church of England, written by the learned Dr. Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury. It was published by the express command of Queen Elizabeth, and at the royal expense. Composed by its author in W VJ vij vj VJ ij vj j iiij j UNHE .^Oiil^U *DA Smith - 69 Q Hi stori r p l- S67S66 notices and V .1-?. T-ocnnia^ations ♦DA 690 S67S66 v.1-2 D 000 452 793 3 i! « i' iiiiiili lllijiijilliiiii ill ;iiui'i'i!ii)'iJi! ii« Ji ■lill'.I'il!' 1. i »^ iilli