UC-NRLF $B 311 3flD ./\ I: BERKELEY LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OP CALIFORNIA Digitized by tine Internet Archive in 2008 witii funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.arcliive.org/details/drurysrecreativeOOdrurrich THE AMERICAN IN FRANCE. A CONVERSATION UNDER DIFFICULTIES. *' Never go to France unless you know the lingo. For if you do, like me, why you'll repent, by jingo." Tom Hood. Why even the littU children in France speak French ! ' —ADDISON. DRDRY'S RECREATIVE FRENCH GRAMMAR ; BEING IN AN AMUSING POINT OF VIEW, IT IS ALIKE SUITABLE FOR SCHOOL, YOUTH, OR THE ADULT, BY EDWARD JAMES DRURY. IVi^A numerous humorous Woodcuts. ALSO A CONCISE GUIDE TO PARIS. LONDON : REEVES AND TURNER, 196, STRAND. NEW YORK: SCRIBNER AND WELFORD. 1883. " Knowledge the wing wherewith we fly. " Shakespeare. ?C21M The author desires to call attention to some opinions of the presSj shown at the end, which had reference to his for- merly " Comical French Grammar ; " he thinks they 7tiay be accepted as peculiarly favourable to it. The Edition has since then been sold out. It did seem to him however there was an idea then pre- valent, that had a similar kind of grammar suitable for schools and scholars appeared, it would have been most acceptable. He has therefore revised it, striving to 7?iake it adaptable alike for youth and adult without destroying its originality or co?nicality. To distinguish the present edition from the former one, he has altered the title to that of " Recreative French Grammar," which is easily to be understood, free from dry superfluities, yet full of everything necessary for a sure acquisition of the French language in a month, but only by those who will trouble themselves to go carefully and earnestly through it. _ ^ ^ _ All translations of examples from the French into Eng- lish are rendered literally, so that the student may become accustomed to the general formation of French sentences. N'ayant ni demand^ k Sa Majestd, ni regu d'Elle la per- mission de lui dddier cet ouvrage, I'auteur se borne k dire : Dieu la bdnisse! Neither having asked for, nor received from Her Majesty the permission to dedicate this work to Her, the author Umits himselftosay— GOD BLESS HER! ** Novelty is the great parent of pleasure.''— SouT-a, ** Les grammaires : peut-etre y a-t-il de la temerite a en vouloir grossir le nombre." — Noel and Chapsal. INTRODUCTION. The French language is divided into parts of speech just the same as the English. Good English scholars will, of course, find the least difficulty in acquiring French. The knowledge of grammar is indispensable to the free use of any language. This his French grammar, without attempt- ing anything more than novelty itself, the author has striven to make as pleasing as it is possible for dry, nasty stuff to be, by leaving out trifling distinctions and super- fluities, too many peculiarities and comparisons — thus making it as simple as it is possible for a real grammar to be. If " milk for babes " be the best nourishment, whether they are adults or just born, then the following lines will describe grammar better than anything else, for when once learned, they are never forgotten. Three little words you oft may see, Called Articles ; as : ^, An, The. Noun is the name of anything, As : Sky, Earth, Spirit, Tea and Gin. An Adjective describes a Noun, As : *My Dog, *Her Dog ; Great, Small, Brown. In place of Nouns do Pronouns stand. As : /, You, He, would kiss her hand. Verbs speak of actions being done, As : Eat, Drink, Speak, Sleep, Kiss, Sigh, Stun. How things are done sly Adverbs tell. As : Sloujly, Smoothly, Sweetly, Well. And Prepositions come before Their Nouns ; as : On, Behind the door. Conjunctions Join two words together. As : Man and Woman, Wind or Weather. But Interjections show surprise. As : Ah, how pretty ! Oh, what eyes ! The whole are termed nine parts of speech. Which all should learn if France they'd reach. * My and Her in the English language are Pronouns, but in French they are Adjectives. (See p. 33. ) 6 Introduction, The very best reading-book is either a French Bible or Prayer Book (Protestant and Catholic versions may be purchased cheaply). The quotations in such are very familiar, and the language pure ; so that by the frequent use of the sentences and prayers, they become indelibly impressed on the memory. The examples in this Grammar have been extracted from noted French authors. No one need be under the impression that French is difficult to learn : if students will thoughtfully and care- fully peruse my grammar they will be sure to find instruction and recreation combined, bearing in mind always, that no beaten track has been followed, but that comicality and originality are considerably mixed up with utility and reality. ' E. J. Drury. Un 7iouveau jeu de cartes^ le jeu de beautes ; qui gagne ? A new game of cards, the Game of Beauties ; who wms ? Une main remplie de beautes est sure de gagner : a hand- full of beauties (or court cards) is sure to win. J^aimerais mieux voir entrer chez moi une jolie femnie^ qu'un vilain creancier — I would like better to see (to) enter my home a pretty woman than an ugly creditor. FRENCH GRAMMAR. The French language consists of twenty-five letters, pro- nounced thus : Ah^ Bay^ Say^ J^CLy^ ^, ^Jf-, Zhay^ Ahshy E, Zhee, Kah, Ell, Emmy EnUy O, Fay, Keu, Air, S, Tay, Euy Vay^ Eexe^ Yee^ Zed. Vowels are A^ E, /, (7, U, V, pronounced A/i, A, E, (9, Euy Yee. There are but two Genders, Masculine and Feminine. Parts of Speech are Article, Noun, Adjective, Pronoun, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection; the first five are decUnable, the remaining four do not alter. ARTICLES. ARTICLES DISTINGUISH NOUNS. I St is the Definite : le, for masculine, la, feminine, smgular; les, plural, for both genders, meaning the; as, le pere, the father; la m^re, the mother; les enfants, the children. 2nd is the Indefinite : un, masculine; une, feminine, meaning a or an ; as, un homme, a man ; une femme, a woman. 3rd, Partitive : du, masculine, de la, feminine, singu- lar; and des, plural; meaning some in the Affirmative, and any in the Interrogative and Negative ; du pain, 8 Drury's French Grammar some bread ; de la viande, some meat ; des enfants, some children. 4th, Contractive : being a contraction of the Definite Article, and the Preposition de or d, ; such as, du iordele, singular; and des for de les, plural; meaning, of^ or from the ; au, for i /?, singular; aux, for cL les, plural; mean- ing to, or at the; as, Avez-vous coupd du pain (not, de le pain), have you cut of the bread? Avez-vous mangd des noix ? (not, de les noix), have you eaten of the nuts ? j'ai donne mon pain au gar^on (not, a le gargon), I have given my bread to the boy; j'ai donne des ordres aux domestiques (and not, d les domestiques), I have given orders to the servants. Mem. — The Partitive Article is so termed because it denotes fractionally: some or any, portion, piece, bit of anything ; affirmatively : il a du pain, de la viande, et de /'argent ; he has some bread, some meat, and some money, in the singular sense ; and, il a des fils, des filles, et des amis : he has some sons, so7?ie daughters, and some friends, in the plural. Interrogatively : a-t-il du pain, dela viande, ou de /'argent? has he any bread, any meat, or any money ? — singular : a-t-il des amis ? — has he any friends ? plural : or, Avez-vous donne des ordres ? have you given any orders (to the servants) ? In a Negative sense, de or d' is made use of in place of the Article; as, il n'a pas de pain, de viande, de pommes de terre, ou Sargent ; he has not any bread, ariy meat, any potatoes, or any money. Some is always expressed in French before each Noun, whereas in English it is more frequently understood. Le and la become 1' (apostrophe) before a singular noun commencing with a vowel or silent h ; also instead of du, or de la de 1' is made use of; and for au or a lay a r ; the reason for these alterations is, that two vowels coming together cannot be properly pronounced, thus the Article's vowel gives way before the Noun's vowel, as : Pen- fant, the child ; Vhomme, the man ; de Veau, of the water ; de V horizon, of the horizon ; i Vabtme, to the abyss ; h Vhopltal, to the hospital, masculine; feminine, Voreille, the ear ; de Vame, of the soul ; cL V hospitalite^ to the hos- pitality. in an Amusing Point of View, REPETITION OF ARTICLES. Articles precede and can ^;?/)' be used with Nouns; con- trary to the EngUsh language they are always repeated, no matter how many times they may appear in a sen- tence; as, Le repos du pere et de la mere fut trouble par les cris des enfants. The repose of the father and oj the mother was troubled hy the cries of the chil- dren. Mem. — The Preposition de must not be mistaken for the Article ; it has not a fractional meaning, but it has a general sense of some in a quantity ; and is also made use of when an Adjective of quality precedes a Noun instead of the Article ; as : II y a oi7d}i cheval, the ^a/r of the horse ; poil\>^xpoil, hair by hair. l^Qspotls du menton et des levres forment la barbe— The hairs of the chin and lips form the beard. (Formerly, moustache (f) meant whisker, and was applied as a "slang word " to a well-whiskered and bearded man, as " old moustache "), vieille moustache, old soldier. Le barbe (arab horse) is masculine ; la barbe (the beard) is feminine. Les favoris, the whiskers ; ducks of whis- kers, or the favourites of the ladies, also is masculine, taking its name from favori, a favourite. Barbes also means whiskers of the cat, feathers of a quill. Until the year 1856 neither beards nor moustaches were worn in England, except by cavalry regiments. Any civilian or foreigner wearing such was looked upon with sus- picion, and called after in the streets by naughty boys. After the Crimean war the foot regiments were also permitted to grow the moustache, although they were forced to shave off the beard grown during the war. The Court of Directors of the Bank of England also issued a notice to the effect that, "their clerks should refrain from wearing the moustache during Business Hours.''^ Mem. — Should the student ever visit France let him bear in mind the difference between cheveux, hair, and chevaux, horses, or it might cause a slight confusion in a barber's shop. Their signboard generally says : "/a Pon coupe les cheveux.^'' Jamais grand nez n'a gate beau visage (not) has spoilt fine face (or, dis- figured a fine countenance). Rien n'est beau comme un nez romain; nothing is fine (so fine) as a nose Roman. Ceux qui manquent de 7iez ne peuvent etre elus aux dignites raonastiques ; those who fail oi noses (without a nose) cannot (to) be elected to the appointments mo- nastic (one of the Papal laws, hence the proverb), " II faut avoir du nez pour etre pape ; " it is necessary to -Never big nose ill an A musing Point of Vieiu. 2 1 have of nose for to be Pope (no one without a nose can be elected Pope). There cannot be any doubt as to the beauty of the Roman nose, which after all must be the Israelitish one ; for the wise Solomon (who spake 500 years before Rome was founded or thought of) has compared its beauty in his Song of Songs, " to the Tower of Lebanon, which looketh towards Damascus. " Mettre son nez dans les affaires des autres. To thrust his nose into the affairs of others. II a le nez rouge. He has the nose red. Nez ^ nez, nose to nose, means ** face to face " idiomatically. Quantity is shown by what are termed collective Nouns, expressing totality, or partiality; le petcple, the people ; la foule, the crowd, illustrate the former as a whole, in which case the Noun is preceded by le, la, les, ce, cette, mon, &c., with a Verb in the singular ; the latter expresses only a portion of the whole, as une foule, a crowd, une quantite, preceded by un or une with a Verb in the singular or the plural, according to the predominating word's requirement. La troupe de soldats fut vaincue — TTie troop of soldiers was con- quered. Une troupe de nymphes nageaieni en foule derriere le char ; a troop of nymphs {they) swam in crowd behind the car. The reason is, that the troop was conquered (not the soldiers) ; and the nymphs they swam, not a troop nor crowd. La famille est partie. The family is gone. * Compound Nouns are two words. Noun and Noun, or Noun and Adjective: the plural is shown in both; as, un chou-fleur, des choux-fleurs, cauliflower, s ; but when a Pre- position goes between, the former only takes the plural ; as, une pomme de terre, des pomnies de terre (apples of the earth), potatoes ; un chef-d'oeuvre, des ^y^<^-d'ceuvre, masterpiece, s. Accents will alter the meaning of Nouns, or will dis- tinguish Nouns from words which are otherwise the same: tache, work ; tache, spot of dirt ; pecher, to sin ; pecher, to fish; mur, ripe, mur, a wall; repondre, to reply; re- pondre, to lay again ; de, thimble ; de, of ; Id., there ; la, the ; i, to ; At, has ; stir, certain ; sur, on ; oil, where ; oUf or. 22 Drurfs French Grammar PeCHANT pour la Q,^JlS11% fishing for {the) charity. Les pScheurs pechent contre la loi en pechant dans des eaux privees. The fishers sin against the law in fishing in (some) waters private. ADJECTIVES. An Adjective gives expression to or modifies a Noun ; as, good describes the Avife, or blue the sky. It has not any gender of its own, but it agrees in gender and number with the Nouns it refers to ; as, le bon pere, the ^(?(?^ father; la bonne mbre, the good mother ; les bons peres, the good fathers; les bonnes meres, the good moXher^. French Adjectives differ from the English in that they more frequently follow than precede their Nouns. Those which do precede are few in number, chiefly words of one syllable, but they are the most frequent in use ; such are (masculine), bon, good; beatt, fine; mauvats, hdidi] gros, h\g;jeune, youDg; foil, pretty; mechant, wicked; meilleur, better ; feill, little; vleux, old; also ^// numerals. There are some which may either precede or follow, in such cases their significations differ; as, un brave homme, an upright man; un homme brave, a man courageous ; un honnete homme, an hmiest or good man ; un homme hon- nete, a man polite; un pauvre homme, a poor (spirited) man, or of mean capacity ; un homme pauvre, a man poor (in fortune) ; un grand homme, b. great man ; un homme grand, a man tall; le galant homme, the honourable man ; un homme galanty a man courteous ; une femme galante^ in an Amusing Point of View, 23 a woman coquette ; un cher pere, a dear father ; un livre cher, a book dear (costly) ; une belle femme, a beautiful or fine woman. La plupart des honnetes femmes sont des tresors. The greater part of good women are (some) treasures. Un homme riche n'est jamais vieux ou laid aux yeux d'une jeune fille. A man rich is never old or xigly to the eyes of a maid. Un honnke homme peut etre anioureux comme un fou, mais pas comme un sot. An honesty or good^ man may be loring as a fool, but not as a silly or stupid. Une vieille jeune fille, an old young girl, means "an old maid." Un vieux gar^on, an old boy, bachelor. Numerals always precede their nouns ; as, le quatrttme jour, \ht fourth day. Signboard of a restaurant in France : " Aux quatre chiens, oil Ton boit et mange bien." At ihQ four dogs, where people drink and eat well. There is another curious signboard to a cabaret in France. The words are "Aux trois lapins," '^ At the three rabbits," and indeed there are 3 of them, each of which has 2 ears, yet amongst the 3 rabbits there are only 3 ears — decipher it who can? When Adjectives do precede, they usually go between the Article and Noun. Exceptions — tout le monde, all the world (or everybody); tout le pain, all the bread; tons les enfants, all the children ; toutes les femmes, all the women. Tout (all) is sometimes Adjective and sometimes Ad- verb. As Adjective it implies totality ^ but it may precede an Adjective, Participle, or Adverb, in which sense it will be Adverb ; as, tout jolie qu'elle est, all pretty as she is ; excepting when it precedes H aspirated, then it takes the 24 Drury's French Grammar feminine, as toicte hardie. Tout, Adjective, masculine, singular, makes tous, plural, and toutes, feminine plural. La folie nous suit dans tons les temps de la vie — (The) folly us follows in all the periods of (the) life. L'esperance, toute trompeuse qu'elle est, reconforte I'homme — (The) hope, all deceitful that she is, comforts (the) man. A ventre affame tout est bon — To the stomach hungry all is good. Une clef d'or ouvre toiites sortes de serrures — A key of gold opens all sorts of locks. En mariage la langue forme un noeud que toictes les dents de la bouche ne peuvent defaire dans la suite — " In marriage, the tongue forms a knot which all the teeth of the mouth cannot undo in the follo\\ing " (or afterwards). GENDERS OF ADJECTIVES. In Gender, Adjectives must agree with the Nouns which they modify ; there is not any difficulty : every feminine Adjective ends with an e mute ; therefore, ikvQ first and general rule is the adding e mute to the masculine, as, grand, grande, great ; joli, jolie, pretty. When an Adjective al- ready terminates in e mute, masculine, it does not change in the feminine ; as, brave, brave ; sage, wise ; jeune, young ; aimable, fidele, &c., which are the same for both genders ; as, un jeune homme, a young man \ une jeune femme, a young woman. La jeune fille qui se marie pour avoir de i'argent. The young lady who herself marries for to have some money. Leymw^ hom- me qui se ma- rie pour de I'argent. The youngvci'a.Xi^\\o himself marries for money. MY WIFE, SIR. Un homme et une femme aimable. MY HUSBAND, SIR. A man and a woman amiable. in an Amusing Point of View. 25 2nd. For Adjectives which terminate in er^ masculine, a grave accent (') is placed over the e before the r when adding the e mute {iox feminine) ; as, attierj altiere, haughty ; fer, fi^re, proud. 3rd. Those ending in gt^, a trdma (diaeresis, ** ) is put over the e feminine ; as, aigu, aigue^ acute ; ambigu, am- bigiie^ ambiguous. 4th. The endings in ely eil, en, on, et, masculine, have their final consonants doubled before adding e mute ; as, cruel, cruelle ; bon, bonne ; pareil, pareille ; net, nette ; muet, muette ; ancien, ancienne. The six following, ter- minating with et, and in their compounds, are in the present day used with a grave accent on the e which pre- cedes the t, in place of doubling the final consonant, as, complet, compU/^; concret, concrete; discrete discr*^/^; in- quiet, inqui^/^; replet, repl)\[ was tired of his life; he thinks ^^^^ -^-^ ■ ^ qu'il est bien plus doux de suivre I'exemple de nos deux amis, that it is much more sweet for to follow the example of our two friends, les beaux valseurs, the nice waltzers.) -^^ " He that fights and runs away, will live to fight another day." Plurals of Adjectives. — They follow the same rule as Nouns, chiefly by adding s to the masculine and feminine singular, as, bon, bons (m), bonne, bonnes (f) ; but al and au, making aux : brutal, drutaux ; beau, beaux, s and X do not change. Les beaux chevaux, theyf;?^ horses ; de beaux cheveux, (some) fine hair (or hairs). "Contra distinctions in Adjectives and Nouns." Adjectives are sometimes used like Nouns, with an Ar- ticle and s for the plural, in which case they are always masculine ; as, le bon, les bons. Le bien commence est k moitie fait. The well commenced is half finished. On the contrary they are at times made/r^w Nouns, in such cases no article will be required. Quand on a des filles on est toujours berger. When one has daughters one is always shepherd. Not a Shepherd, but qualified for becoming one. Certainement cet homme est fou: certainly that man is mad (Ad- jective) ; but, c'est unfou; he is afoot; unfou is a Noun, 28 Drurys French Grammar THE OLD FOOLS. LES JEUNES FOUS. THE YOUNG FOOLS. ^^^ vicux fous sont plus fous quc les jeunes. The old fools are more fools (foolish) than the young. In the Dictionary Fou is shown as a Noun, ^^VAsljeune is an Adjective ; in the present illustration they are re- versed: for Fous with les before it means the Fools ^ without the Article it means foolish : whereasy consens, I to it consent. N'^ touchez pas; not to it touch, yy crois; I /*/ believe. Yy vais ; I there go. Yy pensais; I of it, of her, was thinking. Y consentez-vous ? To it consent you ? Je ne m'y rends pas, I tiot there am going. When a precedes a Noun, the Pronoun y will act as the complement: Vous pensez d. lui? oui; j> pense tou- jours. Yes ; I ^^ /^m think always. Allez-vous^^rop^ra? oui, yy vais. Yes, I there go. En, of him, her, it, them, some, any, also precedes the Verb. Yen ai, I some have (or have some). Je n'en ai pas, I not any have not. En voulez-vous? Of it will you have ? Soyez-en sur, be of it sure (or be sure of it). Y^n parlerai, I of it will speak. Elle nV« a pas, she of it has none. II en a, he of it has some. En avez-vous ? some have you ? Nous en parlous, we of it, or them speak. When y and en come together y precedes en ; as, il y en envoya, he there some sent. The order of the preceding Pronouns runs thus : fe, me, te, se, nous, vous, precede all others ; le, la, les, precede luif leur; lui, leur, before y ; and y before en. 40 Drurfs Fre?tch Grammar When the Partitive or Indefinite Article {du, de ia, de l\ deSf un, une) precedes a Noun, the Pronoun en is the complement : Mangez-vous du pain ? oui, ]'en mange. Yes, I so7?ie eat. Possessive Pronouns call to mind a Noun, with an idea of possession, as le mien, la mienne, ///^ i?n7tey the thifie, &c. Whose dog is that ? // is mine. These can be declined with the Articles, as, le mien (m), la mienne (f), les miens (m p), les miermes (f p), mine ; du mien, de la mienne, des miens, des miennes, of mine ; au mien, d, la mienne, aux 7niens, aux mie7ines, to mine ; le iien, la tienne, les tiens, les tiennes, thine ; le sien, la sienne, les siens, les sien7ies, his or hers ; le or la 7idtre, les 7idtres, ours j le or la voire, les vdt7-es, yours ; le or la leur, les leurs, theirs. Mem. — Notice the accent over the letter 6 in notre and votre ; those words require to be pronounced long, when preceded by Articles (without Articles they are Adjec- tives). These Pronouns stand at once for two Nouns ; viz., the person who possesses, and for the thing possessed, and like the English, ifs mi7ie: "the dog," ""it's mine," or the dog of me ; c'est le mien, it is the mine. Ne regie pas la montre de chacun d'apres la tienne — Don't regu- late the watch of everybody after the thine. Watch being feminine, the la mienne is used, not le mien, which would refer to a masculine Noun. Epitaph on a poor man's tombstone who was buried side by side with his creditor : ** Ici tous sont egaux, je ne te dois plus rien ; Je suis sur mon fumier, comme toi sur le tien.^* ' Here all are equal, I thee no more do owe ; I am on my dung heap, as thou on {the) thine also." Demonstrative Pronouns are those which bring to mind a Noun, with ideas of indication ; such are, Masculine, ce, ceci, celui, this, that ; celui-ci, this one ; celui-la, that one; plural, ceux, these, those; ceux-ci, these here; ceux-la, those there. Feminine, celle, this, that ; celle- ci, this one ; celle-la, that one. Plural both genders, celles, these^ those; celles-ci, these here; celles-la. in an Amusing Point of View. 41 those there; and celui-qui, celle-qui, for persons, he who, she who ; plural, ceux, celles, those. Ceci est bon, this is good. Donnez-moi cela, give me that. Ceux, or celles, qui parlent, those who speak. This ce must not be confounded with Ce, Adjective, as before spoken of; this one is always joined to the Verb etre, or else is followed by the Pronouns, qui, que, quoi, dont ; as, ce sont leshommes, these are the men (meaning, this number of men as a whole) ; c'est lui, this is him ; so that before a vowel ce becomes c' ; celui-ci et celle-ld, sont differents, this here and that there are different. Une triste maison que celle ou le coq se tait et oil la poule chante. A sad house that where the cock himself keeps quiet and where the hen crows ; said of meek men and scolding wives. Celui qui glane ne choisit pas. He who gleans choses not. Celui qui menace a grand bruit veut epargner ses mains. He who threatens with great noise would spare his hands. Le plus sage est celui qui ne pense point I'etre — The wisest is he who does not think it to be. E.J.D. Ce is an important word which speaks much of a Neuter Gender; we often say '•'•ifs him," ifs her, ifs them ; the French use it with the Verb etre, as, ^est lui, ifs him ; c^est elle, ifs her ; for singular, and ce sont eux, ce sont elles, " they are them," for plural. Cest possible, it is possible; c'est trois heures, ifs three o'clock. Ce when used with Relative Pronouns, at commencement of a phrase, is repeated, because it gives greater precision to the sentence : Ce qui^st certain, {fest que le monde est de travers — That which is certain, ifs that the world is upside down. Ce is also used in the place of // and elle, &c., before etre, in such cases as these : C'est le pere de ma femme, ifs (or this is) ; c^est une jolie femme. Car sa beaute pour nous, c'est notre amour pour elle. For her beauty for us, ifs our love for her. (This proverb means to say, that 42 Drury's French Grammar however ugly may be a man or woman, ** squint eyes, turn-up nose," &c. , yet all is beautiful if there be love, because there are not any ugly lovers. ) Ce qui rend les douleurs de la honte et de la jalousie si aigues, fW, que la vanite ne peut servir a les supporter. That which renders the griefs of (the) shame and (of the) jealousy so acute, it's that, (the) vanity is not able to them to support. Relative Pronouns refer most particularly to /r^, il fin/// nous fintmes, vous finttesy ils fin/;r7?/. Je requs, tu regz/j-, il re<;uf; nous leqiimeSy vous reciiteSy ils requrenL Je vend/i-, tu vend/j", il vend//; nous vendzw^^, vous vendz/^, ils \endirenL Future. I shall or will love, finish, receive, sell. J'aim^r2:, ils Unirat'enf. Je recevrais, tu recevrais, il xQcevrait ; nous TQcez>rwnSy vous recevn'eZy ils recevraient. Je vendr^/i", tu vendr^^/i", il vendr^/// nous vendr/i?«j, vous vendr/^^r, ils vendraient. IMPERATIVE. Love thouy &c. Z^/ ?^i" /9W, &C. Z^^ (you, &c.). aim^, fin/>, aim^/zi-, finwj-^;2x, Siimez. finissez. re9^/j, vendi", rec^^'^^zi', vend^;2j, lecevez. vend^^:. in an Amusing Point of View, 53 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. Present Tense. That I may love^ &*€. Que j'aim^, que tu aim^^, qu'il aim^/ que nous dXratons^ que vous sdmiez, qu'ils a-iment. Que je fim'sse, que tu finisseSy qu'il finisse; que nous finissions, que vous finissiez, qu'ils finissent. Que je reqoiz'e, que tu reqoivesy qu'il reqoive; que nous recem'ons, que vous leceviezy qu'ils reqoivent. Que je vend^, que tu vend^^, qu'il vend^; que nous vend/i?/^j-, que vous vend/^^r, qu'ils vend^«/. I m p e rf e ct . T/iat I might love, &=€. Que j'aim^j-i-^, que tu 2.\masses, qu'il zimdt; que nous 2i\m.assionSy que vous dimassiezy qu'ils aim^^-^^/. Que je finissey que tu fin/i-^^j, qu'il fin/// que nous finissions, que vous fin/i-j/^^r, qu'ils hnissent. Que je requssey que tu itqussesy qu'il requt; que nous lequssionsy que vous XQc^ussieZy qu'ils requssent. Que je vend/i-j-^, que tu vend/>^^x, qu'il vend//; que nous vend/>«//(4) le chat aux jambes. He me has thrown the cat at the legs, meaning, he has perplexed me. Se laisser (i6) mouvoir (i6) aux pieurs d'une femme. To let oneself to yield to the tears of a woman. Mes pieds nagent (i) dans mes souliers. My feet they swim in my shoes (too big). Nager (i6) dans les biens. To sivim in (the^ goods (roll in riches). La veritable eloquence consiste (i) a dire (i6) tout ce o^W faut (i), at a ne dire {16) que ce ^yLxXfatit (i). The true eloquence consists to say all which is necessary, and only to say that which is necessary. Y a (i)-t-il rien de si beau que la vertu? Is there anything so good as (the) virtue ? II ne faut pas se venger d'une femme, son chatiment n'est point un titre d'hon- neur, et une pareille victoire n'a rien de glorieux. Le meilleur parti k pre7idre lorsqu'on est frappe par la main d'une belle, Q!est de saisir cette main et de la baiser. One inust not revenge oneself on ^ a woman ; her chastisement is not a matter of honour, and a such victory has nothing of glorious. The best plan to take when one is struck by the hand of a beauty, this is to lay hold of this hand and of it to kiss. PAPILLONNANT. Butterflying. Refemng to 2ipast occurrence or preterite definite, 56 Drurys French Grammar je me levai et tnarchai ^z.n's, la chambre, les larmes coul^rent de mes yeux ; elle me tendit sa main que je baisai. I me rose up and walked in the room, the Xtdx?, flowed from my eyes ; she me did or tendei'ed her hand, which I kissed. yallai la voir le lendemain, et je la trouvai k son piano. I went her to see on the morrow, and I her found at her piano. Quoi ! ^/Aelle, je vous perds ? What ! said she, I you lose ? Je ne puis aimer que vous. I can not love but you. Vous partez ! e'en est fait pour toujours? You depart ! is it to be done for always ? Extracts from Scripture of the Verbs. Indicative Present. O Eternel ! je suis afflige^ (i) Qtj'eleve (i) mon amevers toi. Tu es {i) bon, ety> suis (i) de ceux que tu atones (i). Oh Lord ! / am afflicted, and / raise my soul towards thee. Thou art good, and / am of those whom thou lovest. Imperfect and Preterite Tenses. J^sus entra (3) une autre fois dans la synagogue, et il y avait (2) Ik un homme qui avait (2) une main s^che. Jesus entered another time into the synagogue, and there was there a man who had a hand withered. Alors il dit (3) k cet homme, etends ta main, et il Vetendit (3), et sa main devint (3) saine comme I'autre. Then he said to this man, extend thy hand, and he it extended^ and his hand became right as the other. Indicative. Quand ce jour Ik, qui etait (2) le premier de la semaine, fut (6) venu, Jesus vint (3), t\.fut (3) Ik, au milieu d'eux. When that day there, which was the first of the week, was come, Jesus came and was there, in the midst of them. Etait (was) speaks of the past as if present, relating to something else quite past ; it is an imperfect past. Vint, fut {cai7ie and was) mean, thoroughly past at the time of which we are speaking. Et quand il eut dit (6) cela, il souffla (3) sur eux. And when he had said that, he breathed on them. Eut dit, past anterior, is a past before another past, and souffla is of the preterite o\ perfect past in an Amusing Point of View, 57 Future. Le soir, le matin, le midi, je parlerai et je crierai \ Dieu, et il entendra ma voix. The eve, the morning, the midday, I will speak and I will cry to God, and he will hear my voice. Conditional. J'ai dit, O qui me donnerait des ailes de colombe ! I have said, O who me would give wings of dove ! Je xcHenvolerais, I would {yi\€)fly away ; et je m^ poserais en quelque lieu, and I would (me) place myself in some spot. Je me hater ais de me sauver de ce vent. I (me) would hasten to (me) save myself from this wind. I would fly away " conditionally," if I had wings. Imperative. Imperative exhorts. O Etemel et Dieu puissant, garde- moi comme la prunelle de I'oeil, et couvre-moi sous I'ombre de tes ailes. O Eternal and God mighty, guard me as the pupil of the eye, and cover me under the shadow of thy wings. Subjunctive Present. lis lui dirent. Qui es-tu done ? afin que nous rendions reponse k ceux qui nous ont envoyes. They to him said, Who art thou ? in order that we may render answer to those who us have sent. Subju?ictive Imperfect. 11 rendit graces, et rompit les pains, et il les donna k ses disciples, afin quHls les missent devant eux. He ren- dered thanks, and he brake the bread, and he it gave to his disciples, so that they it might place before them. The Verb must agree with its nominative or agent in Gender and Number, as : Les faux amis sont des oiseaux de passage, qui vitnnent ^ la belle saison et s'en vont k la mauvaise. (The) false friends {they) are birds of passage, who {fhey) come at the fine weather and {they) go them- selves away at the bad. Speaking of " friends," the nominative is of the third person plural, therefore the verb will be the same. Had it referred to a single friend the verb would have been of the third person singular. 58 Driirys French Grammar Impersonal Verbs and Idiomatical Verbs used im- personally have only a third person singular, although they may have plural significations. Pleuvoir, to rain ; ilpleut, it rains; il pleuvait, it was raining; tl pint, it rained; // pleiivra, it will rain ; il pleuvrait, it would rain ; qti'llpleuve^ that it may rain ; quHl plut, that it might rain ; // a plu, it has rained ; // avail plu, it had rained ; tl ml plu, it had rained ; // aura plit, it will have rained ; // aurait plu, it would have rained ; quHlait plu, that it may have rained ; qu^il eut plu, that it might have rained. Falloir, to be necessary; il faut, it is necessary; // fallait, it was necessary ; il fallut, it was necessary ; // faudra, it will be necessary ; // faudrait, it would be ne- cessary ; quHl faille, that it may be necessary ; qu'il fallut, that it might be necessary. Faire, to do, to make, is constantly being used imper- sonally with temps : il fait beau temps, it makes (or is) fine weather ; ilfaisait, it was fine or bad weather ; tl fit, it was ; ilfera beau, it will be fine, &c. Y avoir, there to be ; y ay ant, there being ; il y a, there is ; il y avail, there was ; // y eut, there was ; // y aura, there will be; il y aurait, there would be; qu'il y ait, that there may be; qu'il y eiU, that there might be. Ya-t-il? is there? y avait-il? was there? y eut-il? was there? y aura-t-il? will there be? j aurait-ill would there be? This verb is most idiomatic, because avoir of itself means to have, and not " to be," as it does here. // y avail un homme, there was once a man, or // there had a man. ADVERBS. Adverbs qualify Verbs, Adjectives, or other Adverbs ; they are not declinable : In simple tenses they follow the Verb, as, il parle Men ; he speaks well ;^ but in compound tenses they follow the Auxiliaries, as, il a bien parle ; he has well spoken. They may be divided into seven classes. I St. Of Affirmation, Doubt and Negation : Assure- ment, assuredly ; aucunement^ by no means ; certainement. in an Amusing Point of View. 59 certainly ; certes, certainly, indeed ; en verite, indeed, truly; ne, ne pas, ne point, not; probableinent, very likely; sans doute, without doubt ; ni, nor ; non, no ; nidlement, by no means; out, yts ] petit-etre, perhaps; j"/, yes; volontiers, willingly ; vrahnent, truly, indeed. JSfe by itself is the mildest form of negation, ne pas is stronger, and ne point is the strongest of all : used with verbs, ne precedes and pas ox point follows the verbs. Je w'ai pas d'argent, I have no money, means, short of money. Je «'ai point d'argent, means, not any whatever, therefore ne point is the strongest negation. AY /'or, ni la grandeur ne nous rendent heureux. Neither (the) gold nor (the) greatness not us renders happy. Ne plus (no more, or any more) je «'ai //mj d'argent. I no have more money. Ne riett, not anything, nothing. 2nd. Of Comparison : Aussi, as, also ; autant, as much as ; au moins, at least ; Men, good ; comme, as, like ; da- vantage, more ; de meme, so ; de moins, at least ; de plus, moreover; ^;2^2^^/. Friday, vendredi. Saturday, samedi. Months of the Year. — January, y^^z^/^r. February, fevrier. March, mars. April, avnl. May, mai. June, juin. ]M\yyjutllet. August, aout. September, septembre. October, octobre. November, novembre, December, de- cembre. Seasons. — Spring, le printemps. Summer, Vete, Au- tumn, Vautomne. Winter, Vhiver. Holidays. — Christmas, nod. Advent, Vavent. Easter, paques. Easter Monday, lundi de paques. Good Friday, le vefidredi-saifit. Lent, le careme. Shrove Tuesday, le mardi gras. New Year's Day, lejour de Van. Division of Time. — Afternoon, aprh-midi. After to-morrow, aprh-demain. Beginning, le commencement. Century, un siecle. Daybreak, point dujour. Dawn, Vaube dujour. Day (the), lejour^ lajournee. Day before yes- terday, avant-hier. Day (to), aujourd'hui. Day (next), le lendemain. Day (fast), un jour maigre. End (the), la fin. Forenoon, avani-midi. Holidays, les vacances. Holi- day, festival^ un jour de fete. Hour, une heiire. Hour (quarter of), un quart d'heure. Hour (half of), une demi- heure. Midnight, minuit. Morning, le matin, la matinee. Morrow (to), demain. Minute, une minute. Month, un mois. Middle, milieu. Night, la nuit. Noon, or twelve o'clock, midi. Leap year, Pantiee bi5se::Hle. Sunrise, le lever du soleil. Week, u?ie semaine. Year, un an. Yester- day, hier. Periods of Time. — Days : One of these days, un de ces jours. From day to day, de jour en jour. One day to another, d'unjourd P autre. Every day, tons les jours. Daily, journellement. Weeks ; Last week, la semaine der- nitre. It is a week since, il y a huit jours. Next week, la semaine prochaine. At the end of the week, cL la fin de la semaine. In a fortnight, dans quinze jours. Months : 7<^ Drurfs French Grammar In a month, dans un mots. At the end of the month, vers la fi7i du mots. The first of next month, le premier du mois p7'ochain. It is at least a month, ily a bien un mots. Last month, le mois dernier. Years : Last year, Vannee dernier e^ or Van passe. Next year, Pannee prochaine. It will be a year on the loth of next month, il y aura un an k dix du mois prochain. Parts of the Body. — Arm, le bras. Ankle, lacheville dupied. Artery, une artere. Back, le dos. Backbone, Vechine. Bowels, les intestins. Bosom, le sein. Brain, le cerveau, or la eervelle. Breast, la matnelle. Calf of leg, le mollet. Cheek, la Joue. Chest, la poi^rine. Esly, Toreille. Ear drum, le tympan de Poreille. Elbow, le coude. Eye, Voeil. Eyes, les yeux. Eyeball, la priinelle. Eyebrows, les sourcils. Eyelash, le cil. Eyelid, la paupiere. Face, le visage, or la figure. Fat, la graisse. Finger, le doigt. Yist, le poing. 'Flesh, la chair. Yoot, le pied. Forehead, le front. Front teeth, dents de devant. Groine, Paine. Gums, les gencives. Hand, /rtJ main. Head, la tete. Heart, le coiur. Heel, le talon. Hip, la hanche. Instep, le cou- de-pied. Jaw, la machoire. Knee, le genou. Knee-cap, la r&tule. Leg, la jambe. Limb, un membre. Lips, les levres. Liver, le foie. Loins, les reins. Lungs, les pou- mons. Mouth, la bouche. Nails, les ongles. Neck, le cou. Nerves, les nerfs. Nipple, le mamelon. Nose, le nez. Nos- trils, les narines. Ribs, les cotes. Shoulder, Vepaule. Shin, ros de la jambe. Sides, les cotes. Sinews, les tendrons. Skin, la peau. Stomach, le ventre, or Pestomac. Temples, les tempes. Thigh, la cuisse. Throat, la gorge. Thumb, le pouce. Tip of the nose, le bout du nez. Tongue, la langue. Tooth, la dent. Waist, la taille. Wrist, lepoignet. Vein, la veine. Ailments. — I am not well, je ne me porte pas bien. What's the matter with you? qti'avez vousi I have a severe cold, Je suis fort eJirhume. I have bad eyes, yW 7Jial aux yeux. I have a pain at my side, fai mal au cote. I have sore feet, fai mal aux pieds. I have the tooth- ache, fai mal aux dents. I'm sick at heart, fai mal au cceur. I have a head ache, or I have ill at the head, j'ai mal ci la tete. I have a sick headache, /'«2 la migraine. in an Amtisifzg Pomt of View, *Jl Animals. Ass, un am. Bloodhound, un limirr. Bull, 2in iaureau. Bull-dog, un dogue. Calf, un veau. Cat, un chat, une chatte. Capon, un chapon. Chicken, un poulet. Colt, un poulain. Cow, une vache. Cock, uti cog. Dog, un chien. Duck, un ca?mrd. Ewe, une brebis. Filly, une pouliche. Goat (he), un bouc; (she), une chevre. Greyhound, un levrier. Goose, U7ie oie. Hen, une poule. Heifer, une genisse. Hog, un cochon. Horse, un cJieval. Kid, un chevreau. Lamb, u?i agneau. Lapdog, un chien de dame. Mare, une junient. Mastiff, un ?ndiin. Mule, un piuiet A Newfoundland, un chieji de Terre-Neuve. Ox, un bosuf. VQ2iCOck,u?ipaon. V\g,unporc. Pigeon, un pigeon. Pointer, un chien (Garret. Rabbit, le lapin. Ram, un b'elier. Setter, un chien couchant. Sheep, U7i 7no7iton. Spaniel, un epagneul. Sow, une truie. Swan, un cyg7ie. Stallion, un etaloti. Terrier, un basset; (Scotch do.), un griffon. Turkey, un dindon. Water spaniel, un barbet. Fish. — Brill, U7ie barbue. Carp, une carpe. Chub, tin chabot. Cod, U7ie 7norue. Craw-fish, un ecrevisse. Eel, une anguille. Freshwater fish, des poissons de riviere. Herring, un hareng. Lampreys, des lamproies. Lobster, un ho7nard. Mackerel, un maquereau. Mussels, des moules. Oysters, des huitres. Vexch, tine perche. Vike, un brochet. Pilchard, une sardine. Salmon, un sauTnon. Shrimps, des crevettes. Shad, une alose. Skate, une raie. Smelt, un eperlan. Sole, une sole. Tench, une tanche. Trout, une truite. Turbot, un turbot. Turtle, tine tortue. Flowers. — Auricula, tine oreille d^ ours. Corn-flower, tin bluet. Crowfoot, une re7toncule. Daisy, une 7narguerite. Daffodil, un narcisse. Forget-me-not, tin npyosotis. Gilly- flower, une giroflee. Heartsease, une pe7isee. Holly-hock, une rose tre77iiere. Hyacinth, tine hyacinthe. Honeysuckle, un chlvrefeiiille. Jessamine, tin jastnin. Larkspur, le pied d'alouette. Lily, un lis. Lilac, le lilas. Lily of the valley, un niuguet. Marigold, tin souci. Pink, U7i oeillet. Poppy, un pavot. Primrose, une pri77ievere. Rose, la rose. Sun- flower, un tournesol. Tulip, la tulipe. Violet, la violette. Fruits. — Apple, une po7n7ne. Apricot, tin abricot. Almond, U7u ama7tde. Blackberry, une bale de ronce. Bil- berries, des bales de myrtille. Cherry, une cerise. Chestnut, ^2 Drury's French Grammar une chdtaigne. Currant, la groseille. Date, une datte. Fig, unefigue. Filbert, une ave/ine. Gooseheny, une grose///ed maquereau. GxdJ^Q,le raisin. Hsizelnut, imenoiseUe. Lemon, un citron. Medlar, une nefle. Mulberry, la miire. Necta- rine, z//^ ^r/^^/^<7;z. Omnge, une orange. Yezx^unepoire. Plum, une pi-une. V QSich, utie peche. Quince, u?i coim^. Rasp- berry, une framboise. Strawberry, U7ie fraise. Walnut, une noix. Trees. — Acacia, un acacia. Aspen, un tremble. Alder, un aune. Ash, un frene. Beech, U7i hetre. Birch, un bouleau. Cedar, un cedre. Elder, un sureau. Ehu, tm orme. Fir, un sapin. Holly, un hoiix. Horse-chestnut, un maronnier d' hide. 'L2ivc\ tm ffteleze. lAme, tm tillail. Maple, tm erable. Pine, un pin. Poplar, un peuplier. Plane, tm platane. Willow, un saule. Vegetables. — Artichokes, des artichauts. Asparagus, des asperges. Beans (broad), des f eves; (kidney), des hari- cots verts. Beet-root, une betterave. Cabbage, un chott. Cauliflower, un chou-fleur. Carrots, des carottes. Celery, du celeri. Chervil, du cerfeuil. Chives, de la ciboulette. Cucumber, concombre. Endive, la chicoree. Garlic, de Vail. Garden-cress, du cresson dejarditi. Gherkins, des corni- chons. Horse-radish, du raifort. Lentils, des lentilles. Lettuce, de la laittie. Marjoram, de la marjolaine. Mush- rooms, des champignons. Melon, un melon. Mint, la menthe. Onions, des oignons. Parsnips, des panais. Potato, une pomme de terre. Parsley, dupersil. Radishes, des radis. Sage, la sauge. Sea-kale, le chou-mariti. Salad, une salade. ^2i}^.Q\.'s>, des echalottes. Soxvei, de Poseille. Spin age, V(?j epinards. Thyme, le thym. Truffles, des truffes. Turnips, des navets. Water-cress, du cresson. Seeds. — A root, tme racine. Barley, Vorge. Com, le ble. Maize, le ble de Turqtiie, Millet, le millet. Oats, Vavoine. Rice, le riz. Rye, le seigle. Wheat, lefroment. Household Furniture. — Basin, tm bassin. Basket, une corbeille. Bed, un lit; (feather), un lit deplumes; (down), un lit de duvet. Bedroom, une chambi'e d, coucher. Bell, la sonnette. Blanket, une couverture de laine. Bed- stead, le bois de lit. Bedclothes, les couvertures. Bolster, le traversin. Bolt, le verrou. Bottle, la bouteille. Box, une 171 an A musmg Point of View, 73 boite. Broom, un balai. Carpet, un tapis. Candle, une chandelle; {?>\.\c\i)j un chandelier ; {^3.x), une bougie. Char- coal, ie charbon de bois. Cask, unefutatlle. Chair, la chaise; (arm), lefauteuil. Clock, une pendule. Coal, charbon de terre. Coffee-pot, une cafetiere. Corkscrew, le tire-bouchon. Counterpane, une courtepointe. Cover, un couvercle. Cup, tine tasse. Dining-room, la salle a manger. Dish, un plat. Door, la porte. Drawers (chest of), une commode. Draw- ing-room, le salon. Ewer, une aiguilre. Fork, une four- chette. Fender, un garde-cetidres. Glass, un verre; (pane of), vitre. Grater, une rape. Gridiron, un gril. Knife, un couteau. Mat, une natte. Mustard-pot, U7i moutardier. Pail, un seau. Pepper-box, une poivriere. Pie-dish, une tourtiere. Pillow, un oreiller ; (case), une taie d^oreiller. Pitcher, une cruche. Plate, une assiette. Poker, le tison- nier, ^dXi-ceWdLX^ une saline. SaMceijUnesoucoupe. Screen, un Scran. Slate, une ardoise. Sheets, les drops. Shovel, lapelle. STponge, une Sponge. Spoon, une cuill^re. Stove, un poele. Sugar-basin, le sucrier. Snuffers, les moucheites; (tray for), porte-mouchettes. Table, la table. Tablecloth, une nappe. Table-napkin, une serviette. Tea-caddy, tine boite d the; (kettle), une bouilloire ; (tray), un plateau. Towel, un essuie-main. Tongs, les pincettes. Trunk, un coffre. Tub, une cuve. Wearing Apparel. — Apron, un tablier. Belt, un bau- drier. Bodice, le corps. Boots, des bottes. Boot-jack, un tire-bottes. Braces, des bretelles. Breeches, une culotte. Buckle, la boucle. Button, le bouton. Button-hole, la bou- tonniere. Bonnet, un chapeau de fefnme. Bracelets, des bracelets. Brocade, le brocade. Brush, une brosse; (tooth), une brosse d dents. Buckram, le bougran. Cap, un bonnet; (night), une cornette, un bo?inet de nuit. Calico, du cali- cot. Cambric, de la batiste. Cloak, un manteau. Cloth, le drap, la toile. Collar, le col, le collet. Coat, un habit; (frock), une redingote ; (waist), un gilet ; (mourning), un habit de deuil. Comb, un peigne. Crape, le crepe. Cuff, manchette. Drawers, des calefons. Dimity, le basin. Eye- glass, un lorgnon. Fan, un evantail. Flannel, laflannelle. Fur, la fourrure. Garter, la jarretiere. Glove, le gant. Gauze, la gaze. Gown, la robe; (dressing), la robe de 74 Drurys French Grammar chambre. Hat, le chapeau. Handkerchief, un mouchoir. Headdress, une coiffure. Lace, la dentelle. Leather, le cuir. Muff, un manchon. Muslin, la mousselme. Needle, une aiguille. Neck\9.ce, un collier. Neckerchief, un fichu. Neckcloth, une cravate. Opera-glass, tine lorgnette. Petti- coat, unejupe. Pin, une tpingle. Pincushion, une pelote. Pomatum, la pommade. Shawl, un chale. Shirt, une chemise. Shoe, le Soulier. Slipper, pantoufle. Sock, le chausson. Stocking, le bas; (knitted), le bas tricote. Stays, un corset. Silk, la sole. Sarcenet, le taffetas. Thimble, un de. Eating, Drinking, &c. — Anchovies, anchois. Bacon, du lard; (flitch of), une fieche de lard. Beef, du boeuf; (fresh boiled), du bouilli ; (roast), du roti ; (sirloin of), un aloyau ; (rump of), une culotte de bceuf ; (beefsteak), un hifteck. Bread, du pain ; (brown), du pain bis ; (white), dupainblanc ; {ne^N), du pain frais ; {h.o\),dupainchaud ; (stale), du pain rassis ; (rasped), du pain chapele ; (loaf), du pain ; (household), du pain de menage. Breakfast, le dejeuner. Beer, de la biere. Biscuits, des biscuits. Brandy, r eau-de-vie. Butter, du beurre ; (fresh), du beui're frais ; (salt), du beurre sale. Broth, du bouillon. Cakes, des gateaux. Calf's head, une tete de veau. Calf's pluck, une fressure. Capers, des capres. Cloves, des clous de girofle. Cmxidimon, de la cannelle. Cheese, du fromage. Cider, du cidre. Custards, du flan. Chitterlings, des a?idouilles. Crust, la crotite. Crumb, la mie; (small), la miette ; (kiss- ing-crust), la baisure. Dinner, le diner. Dough, la pate. Eggs, des oeufs; (new laid), des ceufs frais ; (boiled), des oeufs d la coque ; (hard-boiled), des oeufs durs. Fish, du poisson. Fritters, des beignets. Flour, lafarine. Game, du gibier. Ginger, du gingembre. Gravy, dujus. Gizzard, le gesier. Ham, du jambon. Ices, des glaces. Jam, des confitures. Jelly, de la gelee. Lamb, de Fagneau ; (quarter of), un quai'tier d'agneau. Liver, le foie. Meal, de la farine. Meat (roast), du roti; (minced), du hachis ; (stewed), une etuvee, un ragoHt. Macaroons, des macarons. Mushrooms, des champignons. Mustard, de la moutarde. Mutton, du mouton ; (breast of), de la poitrine ; (chops), des cotelettes ; (leg of), un gigot ; (neck of), un collet; (shoulder of), une epaule. Oil, de Vhuile. Omelette, une in an Amusing Point of View. 75 omelette. Pancakes, des crepes. Pepper, du poivre. Pie, unpate. Pickled gherkins, des cornichons. Pickled salmon, du saumon marine. Poultry, de la volaille. Pullet (fat), une poularde ; (leg of), une cuisse ; (wing of), une aile. Pork, du pore. Salt, du set. Sausages, des saucisses. Sweet- bread, un ris de veau. Saveloy, un cervelas. Sweetmeats, des honbo7is. Sugar-plums, des dragees. Syrup, du strop. Sherbet, du sorbet. Soda-water, I'eau de seltz. Soup, le potage ; (gravy), du consomme ; (meat), la soupe grasse ; (vegetable), la soupe maigre. Stew, tm ragoiit. Tripe, des tripes. Veal, du veau; (loin of), une longe de veau; (fillet of), une rouelle de veau ; (knuckle of), un j arret de veau; (^2iXdQdi)iUnfricandeau. VmtgdiX, duvinaigre. Yeast, le kvain. Some one rings, quelqu'un sonne. Go and see who it is, allez voir qui c'est Who's there? qui est Ik? A poor boy, un pauvre gar9on. Are you hungry? avez-vous faim? I have not eaten anything to-day, je n'ai rien man- g^ aujourd'hui. I am very hungry, j'ai grand' faim. Are you thirsty ? avez-vous soif ? I am thirsty, j'ai soif. Take a glass of beer, prenez un verre de biere. I drink to your health, je bois k votre sant^. The Hour. — What time is it? quelle heure est-il? or savez-vous quelle heure it estl It is 10 o'clock, // est dix heures. 10 m. past ten, it est dix heures et dix. \ past 10, dix heures et un quart. ^ past 10, dix heures et det?tie. |-- to 11, onze heures moins un quart. 5 m. to 11, // est onze heures moins cinq minutes. At about \ past 2, vers deux heures et demie. Listen, the 4 hour strikes, koutez^ voUol la demie qui sonne. It must be near 1 2, or midday, // doit etre prh de midi. Mid- night, minuit. My watch has stopped, ma montre est arretee. Does your watch go well ? votre 77wntre va-t-elle bien 2 Wind it up, mo7itcz-la. I have forgotten my key, y'a/ oublie ma clef. Try mine, essay ez la mienne. The clock '^^ Drtirfs French Grammar is not going, Vhorloge ne va pas. There ! the clock strikes, voila rhorloge qui sonne. It's a little slow, elk retarde un pcu. It's late, // est tard. Is it late ? est-il tardl It is not late, // tCest pas tard. It is early, il est de bonne heure. Later than I thought, plus tard queje ne pensais. When do you think of going out ? quand pensez-vous sortir ? We must go home, ilfaut rentrer d la maison. Salutations, &c. Good morning, sir, bonjour^ mon- sieur. How do you do ? comment vous portez-vous ? I am very we\\,je meportefort bien. What pleasure to see you, quel plaisir de vous voir. You are very kind, vous etes bien bon. How is the health ? comjnent va la sante ? I am exceedingly well, thank you, and you ? Je me porte a merveille^ merct bien^ et vous ? Please take a chair, veuillez prendre un siege. Much obliged, bitn oblige. What news is there ? qu'est-ce qtiily a de 7iouveau 1 Nothing that I know of, rien queje sache. Have you received any news ? avez-vous re^u des nouvelles? How are your father and mother ? comtnent se portent Mon. votre pere et Mme. votre mere 1 My mother is not well, ma mere ne se porte pas bien. How long has she been ill ? depuis quarid est-elle malade ? Since a fortnight, depuis quinze jours. I am sorry for it, j'ensuisfdche. Your sister, is she still unwell? Mile, votre sceur est-elle encore indisposee? She is quite recovered, elk est tout d fait retablie. I cannot remain longer, y>«^ saiirais demeurer plus longtemps. You are in great haste, V071S etes bien press'e. I have some business to attend to, j'at des affaires d faire. We shall have the pleasure to see you again soon, nous aurons le plaisir de vous revoir bientot. In a few days, dans quelques jours. As soon as possible, le plus tot possible^ or que je pourrai. Hotel. — I want a room,/^ desire une chambre. What kind of room ? quelle chambre desire monsieur ? A bed- room, une chambre d coucher. What is the charge ? quel est le prix ? It is lo fr. a day, dest dix francs par jour. That is too dear, c'est trop cher. I would not give beyond five ir2x\Q.s.,jen^yveux mettre que cinq francs. The bed, is it good ? le lit est-il bon ? I will eat something, je mangerai quelque chose. Show me the bill of fare, montrez- mui la carte dujour. What time will dinner be ready ? d m an Amtising Point of View. 77 quelle heure le diner sera-til pret ? I would have a beef- steak, je voudrais un bifteck. I like it well done, je Paiffie tres-cuii; (underdone), je Vaime saignant. Where is the post-box ? oil est la botte aux letti-es ? Can you get me a guide ? pouvez-voiis me procurer un guide 1 I will engage him for two or three days, je Pengagerai pour deux ou trois jours. What is his charge ? quel est son _ --^'r ? Very well, I am content, trh-bien,je suis satis fait. ve me the key of my room, donnez-moi la clef de 771a chambre. Can I enter at all hours ? ptds-je rentrer a toute heure 1 I leave to-morrow, je partirai demain. I desire to settle my bill, je desire regler ma note. Can you tell me if the steamer leaves to-morrow ? pouvez-vous me dire si le bateau a vapeur part demain ? Bed-time. — I want to go to bed immediately, /> z/^- sire alter me coucher de suite. I have a bad headache, j'ai une forte migraine. Shall I warm your bed ? voulez-vous queje bassine votre lit? No; but I desire to have a light, 7ion; maisje desire avoir de la lumiere. I will place it on the mantelpiece, je vais la mett7'e sur la chemi7iee. If you feel indisposed I will pass the night with you, si vous vous sentez i7ico77imode, jepasserai la nuit auprh de vous. No, no, go to bed, no7i^ non, allez vous coucher. BON SOIR ! Good night. DORMEZ BIEN. Sleep well. 78 Drury's French Grammar THEATRIC. The Germans have frequently claimed Shakespeare as one of their country- men. The question however arises whether he was not also a Frenchman, seeing that the following portion of a play was first discovered in France. Readers must judge for themselves ; they will find, however, great similarity in the names of the characters. The only supposition for its being so (according to the author's idea) is, that "it has never yet appeared in any of the complete editions of the plays of Shakespeare," consequently it never had the dishonour of bemg rejected> as have some, which as unmistakably bespeak him, as does the " Merchant of Venice." Mem. — In the present day, the French write Juliette^ and the Germans yulietta. LE MIEL EST DOUX MAIS L'ABEILLE PIQUE. The honey is sweet but the bee stings. Romeo. — Psssst! Psssst! Psssst! Psssst! Juliet. — Qui m'appelle ? Who me calls ? Romeo. — Ne me reconnaissez-vous pas ? M?t me recognize you not f Juliet. — C'est vous, Romeo ? This is you, Romeo ? Romeo. — Moi-meme. Quel motif si important fait Myself. What motive so important makes sortir si tot la belle Juliet de sa demeure? to go out so early the beautiful Juliet from her home 1 Juliet. — Et vous-meme, Romeo, pourquoi courez- And yourself Romeo, why go about vous ainsi les champs a une pareille heure ? you thus the fields at a such hour? Romeo. — Helas ! le sommeil a fui depuis longtemps Alas! {the) sleep has fled since long time mon chevet solitaire ; le soin de mes brebis ne me touche my bolster solitary ; the care of my sheep not me conceims plus; j'ai perdu I'appetit; je suis malade. more ; I have lost the appetite ; I am ill, Juliet. — Immolez un coq k Esculape. Sacrifice a cock to ^sculapius. Romeo. — Esculape ne saurait me guerir. ^sculapius not could me aire. Juliet. — Quelle est done cette terrible maladie? What is then this terrible malady i Romeo. — II est un dieu, Juliet, un dieu malin, qui He is a God, Juliet, a God evil, who in ait A musing Pohit of View. 79 prend plaisir k tourmenter les mortels infortunes ; il takes pleasure to torment the moi'tals unfortunate ; he rode sans cesse autour de nos demeures, et quand roams without ceasing around of our homes, and whe?i il apergoit un gaillard frais, robuste, bien portant, il he perceives a felloiUy ruddy, robust, in good health, he tire de son carquois une fleche empoisonnee et la draius front his quiver an arrow poisoned and it lance contre lui. Aussitot le malheureux ne dort shoots against him. hnmediately the uifortunate not sleeps plus, ne mange plus; il s'^tiole, il maigrit, il more, not eats more; he hi7nself etiolates, he thins, he erre dans les champs comme un insense ; il est atteint wanders in the fields like a inadman; he is touched de ce mal terrible, qui fait souffrir plus que tous of this evil terrible, which makes to suffer more than all les autres maux. the other evils. Juliet. — Comment Tappelez-vous ? How it call you 2 Romeo. — Uamour. The love. Juliet. — Vous voulez rire, mon cher ? Tamour faire You will Jest, my dear'i the love to7?iake souffrir ! c'est impossible. L'amour est un baume, un to suffer! it is impossible. The love is a bahti, a parfum, un philtre, tout ce qu'il y a de plus perfume, a philter, all this that he thei'e has of most salutaire, de plus doux, de plus enivrant sur la terre. wholeso?ne, of most sweet, of most infatuating on the earth. L'amour peuple le sommeil de reves charmants ; au The love peoples the sleep with dreams charming ; in- lieu de d^cocher les fl^ches empoisonnees, ce dieu, stead of to discharge the arrows poisoned, this God, que vous fletrissez de I'e'pithete de malin, voltige aupres whom you brand of the epithet of evil, flutters near de nous, rafraichit notre visage avec ses ailes par- of us, refreshes our countenance with his wings per- fumees, et fait retentir une musique divine a nos fumed, and makes to sound a music divine at our cotes. On n'est jamais malade de l'amour. sides. One not is never ill from the love. 8o Di'ury's French Grammar Romeo. — Qui vous I'a dit ? Who you it has toldl Juliet. — Dromio. Dromio, Romeo. — Le gredin ! je m'en doutais .... The scoundrel! I me of it suspected .... Juliet. — Vous dites ? You say ? Romeo, — Je dis que vous avez tort de parler avec / say that you have wrong to speak with Dromio. Dromio. Juliet. — Pourquoi? Why? Romeo. — Parceque c'est un farceur qui ne cherche Because it {he) is a farcer who only seeks qu'k tromper les jeunes bergeres. than to deceive the young shepherdesses, Juliet. — Ah ! bah ! Ah ! bosh ! Romeo. — C'est comme j'ai Thonneur de vous le dire. // is as I have the honour of you it to say. Juliet. — Vraiment ! Truly ! Romeo. — Laissons ce sujet, Juliet; venez plutot Drop this subject^ Juliet ; come rather sous cet ombrage, et Ik, assis sur I'herbe tendre, je under this shadow, and there, seated on the grass tender, I vous dirai ce que c'est que I'amour. you will tell that which it is as the love. Juliet. — Vous me I'avez dit; I'amour, selon You 7?ie it have said ; the love, according to vous, est quelque chose qui empeche de dormir et you, is some thing what prevents of to sleep and de manger, qui fait maigrir et force les gens k of to eat, which makes to thin and forces the folks to se promener toute la journee dans les champs. themselves to walk all the day in the fields. J'aime mieux I'amour selon Dromio. I like better the love according to Dromio. Romeo. — Suivez-moi dans ce bosquet, et je cesserai Follow me in this grove, and I shall cease de souffrir. to suffer. Juliet. — Vous croyez? You think so ? Romeo. — J'en suis sur. /of it am sure. in an Amiisitxg Point of Vieiv. 8 1 Juliet. — Je ne vois pas pourquoi je ne vous rendrais I not see not why I not you should render pas ce petit service ; d'autant plus que je me sens tres- not this little service; the rather more that I me feel very fatigu^e; asseyons-nous done sur I'herbe. Etes-vous fatigued ; let set us then on the grass. Are you mieux ? better? Romeo. — Blen mieux. Much better. Juliet. — L'amour s'en va ? The love itself goes away 1 Romeo. — Au contraire, il augmente. On the contrary, it augments. Juliet. — Je ne vous comprends plus. L'amour est / not you understand more. The love is una maladie, et quand elle augmente vous vous trouvez an illness^ and when she augments you you find mieux. better. Romeo. — Oui. Yes. Juliet. — J'en suis charm^e pour vous. I of it ain delighted for you. Romeo. — Juliet! fuliet! Juliet. — Romeo ! Romeo ! Romeo. — Vos yeux sont doux. Your eyes are sweet, Juliet. — Dromio me le disait hier. Dromio me it said yesterday. Romeo. — Votre bouche est divine. Your 7?iouth is divine. Juliet. — Charles me le dira ce soir. Charles me it will say this evening. Romeo. — Vos joues ont I'^clat de la rose et Your cheeks have the splendour of the rose and la blancheur du lait. the whiteness of the milk. Juliet. — Chut ! Hush ! Romeo. — Quoi done ? What then ? Juliet. — N'entendez-vous pas du bruit derriere la Not hear you not some noise behind the charmille ? hedge ? S2 Dritrys French Grammar Romeo. — Sans doute quelque nymphe vous aura Without doubt some nymph you will have vue, et pleine de depit, elle agite les branches en seen, and full of envy, she moves the branches in s'enfuyant. herself fleeing. Juliet. — C'est possible. It ts possible. Romeo. — J'ai dans mon etable quatre chevreaux I have in my stable four young goats qui ont a peine brout^ le cytise du Mont Aliphere. which have scarcely browzed the cytisus of Mount Aliphere. Juliet. — Ah ! Ah ! Romeo. — Cinq genisses blanches comme la neige, Five heifers white as the snoiv^ errant dans mes prairies. running in my fields. Juliet. — Tiens! tiens ! tiens ! Well! well! well! Romeo. — Mon oncle, le vieux Benvolio, a pas mal My uncle, the old Benvolio, has not bad de fonds places sur la banque d'Athenes. of funds placed on the bank of Athens. Juliet. — Ou voulez-vous en venir? Where will you it drive at ? Romeo. — A vous offrir tout cela, si vous voulez me To you to offer all that, if you will me suivre. folloiv. ■' Juliet. — Ou done? Where then 1 Romeo. — A I'autel de Thymenee. Crois-moi, To the altar of the Hymen. Believe me, Juliet, ni Dromio ni ^geon ne t'aimeront autant Juliet, neither Dromio nor ^geonnot thee will love so inuch que moi. Est-il dans la contree un berger qui puisse as me. Is there in the country a shepherd who can m'etre compare? qui peut me disputer la palme du 7ne to be co7npared1 who can me dispute the palm of the chant? Aux derniers jeux n'ai-je pas remporte le song'i At the last games not have I not carried off the prix du baton ? Tu seras ma sultane, mon Anda- prize of the baton 'i Thou wilt be my sultana, 7ny An da- in an A musing Point of View. 83 louse. Veux-tu me marier ? de grace reponds-moi ! lusian. Wilt thou me to many ? of grace answer me / Juliet. — Adressez-vous k ma mere. Address you to 7?iy mother. Romeo {lui prenant la main). — Ah ! divine Juliet. \her taki?ig the hand). — Ah / divine fuliet. Juliet. — Eh bien, Monsieur! Ah^ well^ Sir I Romeo ( voulant lui prendre la taille). — O, (attempting to her to take hold of the waist). — (9, delirante bergere ! enrapturing shepherdess ! Juliet. — A bas les pattes ! Doivn the paws I Romeo. — Tu repousses ton epoux ? Thou repellest thy husba?id t Juliet. — Vous ne I'etes pas encore. You not him are 7iot yet. Romeo. — Laisse-moi prendre sur tes levres un baiser. Let me to take upon thy lips a kiss. Juliet {le repoussant). — ^J'entends du bruit .... (him repelling). — / hear some noise .... Romeo. — C'est ce bois qui murmure de joie. Jt is this wood which murmurs of Joy. Juliet {se debattant). — Berger, que faites-vous? (herself resisting). — Shepherd^ what do you ? Romeo (rembrassa7it). — Je cueille mon baiser ; que (her embracing. — / cull my kiss; hoiv le miel est doux ! the honey is sweet! Juliet (le souffletant). — Oui, mais I'abeille pique. (hi?n slapping). — Yes, but the bee stings. La joue de Romeo se gonfle ; la bergere The cheeii of Romeo itself swells ; the shepherdess s^enfuit derriere les saules. herself flies behi?id the willows. Une dame dont la figure, malgrd ses quarante A lady of whom the face, in spite of her forty ans, ^tait encore fort jolie et toute brillante de ce yearSy was still very pretty and all brilliant of thai 84 Dniry's French Grammar vif ^clat qu'on nomme le regain de la beaute, living lustre which they name the revival of {the) beauty, voyant sa jeune bru qui, prete a seeing her young daughter-in-law who, being ready to se rendre a un bal, jetait un coup d'ceil sur une herself to repair to a ball, cast a glance of eye upon a glace pour juger de I'effet de sa toilette, lui 7?iirror for to Judge of the effect of her toilet, to her demanda d'un air moitie serieux, moitie souriant : asked with an air half serious, half smiling: " Que donneriez-vous, ma fiUe, pour avoir ma *' What would you give, my daughter, for to have my figure ? " " Eh ! ma m^re, ce que vous donneriez face ? " *' Eh / my mother, that which you would give vous-meme pour avoir mon age." yourself for to have my age." WORDS WRITTEN BY THE GREAT PHILOSOPHER VOLTAIRE. Dieu a donne aux homines les idees de la justice et la God has given to {the) men the ideas of {the) justice and {the) conscience pour les avertir, comme il leur a donne tout ce qui conscience for them to warn, as he to them has given all that which leur est necessaire ; c'est la cette loi naturelle sur laquelle la to them is necessary; it is there this law natural on which {the) religion est fondee. religion is founded. La fortune la plus amie vous donne le croc-en-jambe ; (the) for- tune the most friendly you gives a kick on the shins (trips one up). Ainsi de notre espoir la fortune se joue : Tout s'eleve ou s'abaisse au branle de sa roue ; Et son ordre inegal qui regit I'univers Au milieu du bonheur a ses plus grands revers. — CORNEILLE. As it is with our Hope, so Fortune plays With the spokes of her wheel — to drop or raise He 1 unequal order which rules the universe, In the midst of our joys has its greatest reverse. in an Amusing Point of View. 85 EXTRACTIC. LE VIN ENTRE ET LA RAISON SORT. Un apologue hebreu, oil les effets du vin sont exprimes i An apologue Hebrew, where the effects of wine are shown to la maniere orientale, nous apprend que le patriarche Noe the manner Oriental^ us teaches that the patriarch Noah s'etant eloigne un moment du premier pied de la himself being absented a moment from the first stalk of the vigne qu'il venait de planter, Satan, transporte de joie, vine which he came of to plant, Satan, delighted with joy^, s'en approcha en s'ecriant : ' ' Chere plante, je himself of it approached in himself exclaiming : '•'^ Dear plant, J veux t'arroser ! " et aussitot il courut chercher quatre will thee water P^ and immediately he ran to fetch four animaux differents : unagneau, un singe, un lion, et unpourceau, animals different: a lamb, a monkey, a lion, and a hog, qu'il egorgea tour a tour sur le cep, afin que la which he killed turn by turn on the vine plant, so that the vertu de leur sang passat dans la seve, et se propageat virtue of their blood might pass into the sap, and itself might propagate dans les rejetons. in the shoots. Cette operation du diable fut tr^s-heureuse, et son influence This operation of the devil was very successful, and its influence s'etendit 4 tous les vignobles du monde ainsi qu'a leurs itself extended to all the vineyards of the world as well as to their produits. Depuis lors, si I'homme boit une coupe de vin, il products. Since then, if the man drinks one cup of wine, he devient caressant, aimable : il a la douceur de I'agneau, Deux becomes caressing, amiable: he has the meekness of the lamb. Two coupes le rendent vif, folatre : il va sautant et gamba- cups him render sharp, toysome: he goes dancing and frisk- dant comme le singe. Trois lui communiquent le nature! ing like the monkey. Three to him communicate tlie nature du lion : il se montre fier, intraitable ; ii veut que tout of the lion : he himself shows fierce, intractable ; fu xvili that all lui cede, il se croit une puissance, il se dit en to him give in, he himself believes a power, he himself says in lui-meme : "Qui peut m'egaler?" Boit-il davantage il himself: " Who is able me to equal? " Drinks he still more he perd le bon sens, il est incapable de se conduire, 11 loses the good sense, he is incapable of himself to conduct, he se roule dans la fange, il n'est plus qu'un immonde himself rolls in the mud, he not is more than a filthy pourceau. De la ce proverbe des sages: liog. From there this proverb of the sages: Le vin entre et la raison sort. The wine enters and the reason goes out. S6 Drury's French Grammar ** Le diner tue la moitie de Paris, et le souper tue ^^ [The) dinner kills the half of Paris, and {the) supper kills I'autre " (Montesquieu). Mais la gourmandise (f ) ne borne pas the other''\Montesquieu). But {the) gluttony {not) limits not ses funestes efifets aux maladies ou a la mort de ceux qui her deadly effects to the diseases or to the death of those who s'y adonnent ; elle engendre une foule de vices qui in- themselves to her abandon ; she engenders a crowd of -vices which in- fluent d'une maniere deplorable sur la moralite. Combien fluence in a manner deplorable on {the) morality. How many d'actions coupables se commettent dans les fumees de la di- factions faulty themselves commit in the heats {of the) di- gestion, qui n'auraient pas eu lieu k jeun! Les legislateurs gestion, which {not) would have not had place in fasting! The legislator's de I'antiquite le savaient bien lorsqu'ils appelaient la dietetique(f) of {the) antiquity it knew well when they called in {the) abstinence a I'appui (m) des bonnes moeurs, en promulguant les lois de to the support of the good manners, in promulgating {the) laws of regime. En Egypte, en Grece, et ailleurs, ils avaient defendu diet. In Egypt, in Greece, and elseivhere, they had forbidden de traiter les affaires importantes apres le repas, de peur of to treat the affairs important after the repast, for fear qu'il n'eiit sur elles une influence deraisonnable et that it not might have on them an influence unreasonable and perturbatrice. Excellent usage conserve chez les peuples disturbing. Excellent ctistom preserved amongst the peoples modemes pour les deliberations des corps de I'Etat, " Vous modern for the deliberations of the bodies of the State. *' You vousetonnez du nombre infini des maladies," s'ecriait you astonish of the number infinite of illnesses,'''' himself exclaimed Seneque; "comptez done les cuisiniers." " Mange pour vivre, et ne Seneca; ^' count then the cooks ^ *' Eat for to live, and not vis pas pour manger." live not for to eatj* LA PETITE AUMONE EST LA BONNE. The sjnall charity is the good one. ^ Proverbe tres-bien explique par ce passage de I'Evangile : Proverb very well explained by this passage of the Evangelist: Jesus etant assis un jour pres du tronc des pauvres regardait Jesus being seated one day near of the box of the poor regarded de quelle maniere le peuple y jetait de I'argent. II vit in what manner the people there threw in some money. He saio plusieurs riches qui y en mettaient beaucoup ; il vit aussi many rich who there of it were putting much ; he saw also une pauvre veuve qui y deposait deux petites pieces de monnaie a poor widow who there deposited two little pieces of money de la valeur d'un quart de sou. Et il appela ses disciples, of the value of a quarter of halfpenny. And he called his disciples. in an Amusing Point of View, 87 et il leur dit: **En verite, je vous le dis, cette pauvre veuve and he to them said : *^ In truth, I to you it say , this poor widorM a mis plus que tous les autres, car les autres ont mis ce has put more than all the others, for the others have put that dont ils abondaient ; mais elle a mis ce dont elie of which they abounded ; but she has put that of which she manquait, tout ce qu'elle avait pour vivre." was in want of, all that which she had for to live on. " IL N'Y A PAS DE METIERS IGNOBLES. There are not any trades ignoble. Un metier ne met pas seulement k I'abri du besoin ; il A trade {noi) places not only at the shade of the want ; it met encore a I'abri du vice. C'est pour cela, que plusieurs places still at the shade of the vice. Ifs for that, that many philosophes ont pense, que les parents, quelque soient philosophers have thought, that {the) parents, whatever may be leur rang et leur fortune, devraient faire apprendre a leurs en- their rank and their fortune, should make to teach {to) their chil- fants une Industrie manuelle, comme le recommandait I'ecole pha- dren an industry manual, as so did recommend the school pha- risienne des Juifs, par cette maxime rapportee dans le Talmud : risean of the Jews, by this maxim related in the Talmud: "Qui ne donne pas une profession a ses enfants les prepare' " Who {not) gives not a profession to his children them prepares a une mauvaise vie. " Mahomet a recommande aussi k tous les for a bad life." Mahomet has recommended also to all {the) Musulmans, meme aux fils des rois, d'apprendre un metier et Mussubnans, even to the sons of kings, {of) to learn a trade and d'y travailler quelques heures chaque jour. Les Turcs disenti ce of to it to work several hours ecuh day. The Turks say on this sujet : "II n'y a pas de metiers ignobles, des qu'ils subject: ^^ {It) there are not any trades ignoble^ since that [they) peuvent servir a la societe." may be able to serve {to the) society." II y des metiers si nobles qu'on ne peut les faire pour There are some trades so noble that one not may them do for de I'argent sans se montrer indigne de les faire ; tel {some) money without himself to show unworthy {of) them to do; such est celui de I'homme de guerre ; tel est celui de I'instituteur. is the one of the man of war {soldier); such is the one of {the) tutor. —J. J. Rousseau, Emile. ANCIENT RITUALISTIC PROVERBS. Folle est la brebis qui au loup se confesse ; folk est la Silly is the sheep who to the wolf herself confesses ; silly is the poule qui au renard se confesse ; derriere la croix souvent hen who to the fox herself confesses; behind the cross often se tient le diable. himself holds the devil. S8 Drury^s French Grammar REPETITION EXERCISES. CHAQUE OISEAU TROUVE SON NID BEAU. each bird finds his nest beautiful. le bouvreil (m), bullfaich. chaque (pronoun), each, every. un oiseau (m), a bird. de passage, a bird of passage. I'oiseleur (m), the bird catcher. a vol d'oiseaux, as the bird flies. tirer aux oiseaux, to shoot at the birds. chasse aux oiseaux, the chase or shooting at birds. c'est I'oiseau qui chant, it's the bird which sings. trouver (v. a.), to find, to seek. aller trouver quelqu'un, to go to find someoody. se trouver mal, to find oneself unwell. son (m. adj.), sa (f), ses (pi.), his, hers, theirs. {Seepage 33.) le son (noun, mas.), the sound ; le son du tambour, the beat of the drum. un nid (m), a nest. beau (adj. m), belle {i\fine, beautiful. e beau temps, the fine weather. le beau monde, vciQ2iYimgfashionable people, line belle figure, a fine face. in an Amusing Pouit of View. 89 beau (adverb), tout beau, gently, softly. vous avez beau dire, you have fine speech, or meaning, " say IV hat you like" or, ^^you speak in vain!^ cnanter (v. a.), to sing, to praise, to warble, to crow. le chant (m) d'un oiseau, the song of a bird, du coq, cock crowing. un maitre a chanter, singing master. chanter faux, to sing falsely, out of tune. chansonnier (m), chansonni^re (f), songster. un oeuf (m), egg. les oeufs dans le nid, the eggs in the nest. frais, the eggs new, fresh eggs. poches, poached eggs. brouilles, buttered eggs. un oeuf \ la coque, an egg in the shell lightly boiled. oeuf de Paque, Easter egg. LA CHASSE AU RENARD. the chase to the fox. les chasseurs, tJie hunters. le chien (m), the dog. les chiens de chasse, the dogs of chase, or hounds. le chasse chien, whipper in, les chevaux de chasse, the horses of chase, or hunters, le renard (m), the fox ; renarde (f), vixen. agir en renard, to act slily like a fox, renarder (v. n.), to play the fox. une renardi^re (f), afoo^s earth hole. go Drurfs French Grammar BRITTANY, A.D. 1600. NORMANDY, A.D. 1830. EMPIRE, A.D. 1796. LES MODES HiSTORiQUES; the fashions historical. in an Amusing Point of View. ' 91 Dress and Fashion. La mode et k la mode. To dress, vetir, habiller, parer. £>ress, habillement (m), vetement (m). of woman's hair, coiffeur de femme (m). 07u's own hair, se coiffer. maker, sempstress, couturiere (f), costumier (m). Dresser, valet de chambre (m), femme de chambre (f). of hair, coiffeur (m), coiffeuse (f). Dressing, parure, toilette (f). gown, robe de chambre (f). Chacun fasse \ sa mode. Each one makes to her fashion. la mode {(), fashion, msioin. etre de mode, to be in fashion. suivre la mode, to folloiv the fashion. se mettre k la mode, to di-ess to the fashion. le mode (noun, m), " the mood^' must not be confounded with '* la mode " {see page 16). modele (m), pattern, copy. habit (m), habit, dress, garment. de deuil, dress of ?nourning. prendre I'habit, to take the dress {of religion). habiller (v. a.), to dress, put on clothes. parer (v. a.) to deck, adorn ; pare, adorned. parure (noun, f), dress, attire. parure de diamants, set of diamonds. vetement (noun,'m), raiment, apparel. vetir (v. a.), to dress, to clothe ; vetu, clad. se vetir, to clothe one's self. cheveu (m), hair of the head. coupe des cheveux, cutting of hair, hair-cutting. coupe (m), cut, cutting. coiffer (v. a.), to cut, to coif, to dress the hair, coiffe (f), cap ; coiffe de nuit (f), nightcap. se coiffer, to dress on^s own hair. coiffeur (m), coiffeuse (f), hairdresser. coiffeur de nuit, dressing of night. coiffer une boutelle, to cap a bottle. etre coiffe d'une opinion, means self-opinionated. ne coiffe, means lucky, or born with a silver spoon in the mrnth. 92 Drury's French Grammar x. i .i r COURSE DE CHEVAUX. RACE OF HORSES. two jockeys a terre, to earth. un cheval devant I'autre, one horse before the other un devant Fautre, one before the other. par-devant, in front of. par-devant et par derriere, before and behind c\-dQW2inX., formerly, already. avant votre arrivee, before your arrival. prendre les devants, to go before. tomber a terre, to fall to the ground, ^2iy,from above it. sur terre, to fall upon the ground. par terre, to fall by the earth, whilst on the earth, or stumble and fall. tomber de cheval, to fall from the horse. etre jete \ bas de son cheval, to be thrown fro7n his horse. la tombee (f), the fall of day. la chute des feuilles, the fall of the leaves. par i^i, this way. par la, that way. par oil, which, where, par de Ik, that side. par le haut, upwards. par le bas, downwards, par-dessus, on, upon. par dessous, under. par ci par la, here and there. un cheval bien retif, a horse very restive. un cheval de pur sang, a horse of pure blood. le cavalier, the horseman ; la cavaliere, the horsewoman. ecuyer (m), riding-master ; ecuyere (f), horsewoman, ecuyer qui dresse les chevaux, stableman who dresses the horses. equitation, horsemanship; harnacheur, harness-maker. harnais, horse gear ; harnacher (v. a.), to harness. ferrier un cheval, to shoe a horse. le fouet, the whip; I'ecurie, the stable. les dcuyers (pi.), the hand rails. in an Amusing Pomt of View. UNE SENTINELLE. 93 etre en sentinelle, to be on sentry. Every noun which designates man is masculine^ except sentinelle and vedette^ see page 12. enrager dans sa peau. enraged in his skin {mad). 94 Drurfs French Grammar UN VAISSEAU a ship MARCHAND, (merchant), LEGER A LA nimble to the VIOLE. sail. un vaisseau (m), a vessel^ ship. un marchand (m), a merchant. marchand en gros, a merchant in wholesale. en detail, retail. en fer, iron. leger (adj., m), legere (adj., f), light, nimble, avoir la tete legere, to have the head light, or giddy. la voile (f), the sail ; fair voile, to make sail. mettre k la voile, to set sail ; deployer les voiles, to unfurl the sails. foncer de voile, to crowd sail. le voile (m), the veil ; prendre le voile, to take the veil ; Jeter un voile sur, to throw the veil over. mer (f), sea; pleine mer, high water ; basse mer, ebb. outre mer, over sea ; mettre k la mer, to put to sea. la cote de la mer, the coast of the sea. un tableau de mer (m), « picture of the sea. sel marin (m), sea salt. le mal (m) de mer, the sickness of the sea, or seasick. la mer calm, the sea quiet ; la mer orageuse, the sea storj?iy. poisson de mer, fish of the sea; oiseau de mer, bird of the sea. la vague (f), the wave, billow ; vagues de la mer, waves of the sea. la cote (f), sea coast, must not be confounded with la cote (f), which means ^^ quotation, ^^ from coter, to quote ; nor le cote (m), meaning side ; de man cote, on my side. m an Amusing Pomt of View. 95 hors (pronoun), out. hors de combat, disabled. hors de raison, out of reason^ unreasonable. hors de blame et de soup9on, free from blame and sus- picion. hors d'heure, out of iimey late^ beyond the hour. hors la ville, out of town. de saison, out of season. de doute, without doubt. de soi-meme, out of one's self or senseless. de prix, out of price {very dear). d'oeuvre (pi.)} ^i^^ dishes, dainties. de (prep.), offrom^ by, with, some. en moins de deux heures, in less than two hours. de bien en mieux, better and better. de bon vin, of good wine, some good wine. trop de vin, too much wine. le de (m), the thimble. combat {m), fight, struggle. combattre (v. a.), to combat, to engage, to fight. combat litteraire, literary contest. 96 Drury's French Grammar MENER PAITRE LES MOUTONS. to drive to pasture the sheep. mener (v. a.), to lead, to conduct, to drive. mener une vie sainte, to lead a holy life. une affaire, to conduct business. un cheval k la main, to lead a horse by the hand. quelqu'un par le nez, to lead someone by the nose. grand bruit, to make a big noise. les (article, plural), the ; les (adj.), see page 38. paitre (v. a.), to graze, to feed, to eat. faire paitre, to pasture, to grass. le paysage (m), the landscape. I'eglise (m), the church. le champ (m), the field. de bataille (m), field of battle. sur-le-champ (adverb), immediately. un mouton (m), a sheep ; une brebis (f), a sheep, ewe. cotelettes de mouton, chops of mutton. pieds de mouton, trotters, ox feet of sheep. peau de mouton, skin of sheep. un berger (m), « shepherd. une bergere (f), a shephei'dess. la bergerette (f), the young shepherdess. le peintre (m), the pai?tter. la peinture (f), the picture. brave en peinture, brave in paintifig, means ^^ a braggart.'' in an Amusing Point of View, 97 Un portrait d' Amour. A portrait of Cupid. Ce qui m'oblige \ That which me forces to Taimer, c'est qu'il him to love^ it's that he me fait les doux yeux. me makes the sweet eyes. LE MIEL EST DOUX, the honey is sweet, l'abeille pique. the bee stings, le miel (m), the ho?iey; rayon de miel, honey-comb. la lune de miel (f), the moon of hoiiey. est, third person singular of verb etre, to be. Test (m), the east wind^ noun, doux (m. adjective) — douce ( fem. adjective) sweet. l'abeille (f), the bee; mouche k miel (f), bee. pique {of the verb active), piquer, to prick, to sting. piquer la curiosite, to excite curiosity. Le larron court k toutes jambes devant Fofficier de police. The thief runs with all legs before tJie officer of police, Je cours \ vous, / run to you. Oil courez-vous ainsi ? Where run you thus 1 Qu'est-ce qui vous presse tant ? What is this which you press so much t G 98 Drury's French Grammar, le cheval (m), the horse. retif, restive. de selle, saddle-horse. de carrosse, coach-horse. monter k cheval, to ride on horseback. etre k cheval, to be on horseback. cheval leger k la main, horse light to the hand. brider son cheval par la queue, bridle his horse by the tail^ means, " to commence at the wrong end." un cheval de legere taille, a horse of good shape. piquer un cheval, to spur a horse. mener un cheval k la main, to lead a horse by the hand. queue de cheval, tail of the horse. cul-de-lampe, tail piece {of a book) or end. la fin couronne Toeuvre, the end crowns the work^ or " all is well that ends well." LA FIN. THE END. PARIS. If you are desirous of studying real life in Paris in a short space of time, turn out of doors not later than 6 a.m., notice particularly the methods of cleansing the streets, go to a public bath should you need one, or take an early walk to one of the markets, which will con- siderably amuse you, not only by the curious and strange commodities being exposed for sale, but also by the cos- tumes and manners of the country people. From 6 to 8 a.m. in the business streets the various shops will be opening ; you can notice the movements of the working classes, also the fascinating shop girls hurrying to their daily occupations ; by which time you will have gained an appetite for breakfast at a cafe. Cafes are well worth visiting ; they are pleasant places at all times where real life in Paris may be seen and cheap refreshments ob- tained; for breakfast, a large cup of milk coffee with bread can be had for i franc. You can scan through the daily papers there if you can read them, or pretend to do so if you cannot, whilst you watch the exquisite politeness of the waiters, &c., &c. (never forget to give the value of id. or 2d. to the waiters). These cafes are con- venient places to rest your weary limbs when tired with walking; you can take a seat outside and watch the passers-by at the price of a glass of beer or wine. About mid-day should you be near the Palais Royal and where there are some of the most fashio?iable and attractive shops, you will there see in the square, should the sun be shining, a. number of people anxiously waiting or loitering about, watches in hands, to regulate them at 12 o'clock gunfire. By this time the various public buildings will have been opened for visitors ; you can either slowly or hurriedly pass through one or more of them, also their gardens, or the public promenades until near upon dinner, leaving yourself sufficient time to go and have a wash and brush up at a barber's ; then you will be somewhat re- freshed and comforted and capable of enjoying your real meal of the day. Do not take or expect a large assort- ment of dishes in the middle of the day, have a light lunch and wait the usual dining hours ; never ask for English dishes, chops nor steaks, or you will be disappointed both in price and quality. From 6 to 7 o'clock p.m. is the best time to see Hfe at feeding time ; dinners may be had all over Paris at prix-fixe (fixed prices) from i to 5 francs, but the Palais Royal and its neighbourhood is the quarter the most noted for elegance, &c. ; for 2 fcs. 50 c. and waiter's fee may be had a dinner consisting of a plate of soup, three courses at choice, one dessert, half bottle of ordinary wine, and as much bread as you can consume. If dining by the carte, you can increase the cost of your dinner to any sum by adding to your plates or qualities of your wines. At 8 o'clock you can be inside a theatre or one of the dancing rooms or gardens, or one of the cafes or cafes chantants, and there remain until the close or not, as you may think fit ; thence to your lodging. For about 5 fcs. per day you can engage one of the many hotel guides, domestique de place ; he will take you through Paris and the entire suburbs in a week. This is decidedly the best plan to adopt if you can make up a party. Abattoir for the slaughtering of animals is in Rue de Flandre. (A small fee is expected.) Amusements. — Dancing and singing places, &c., open at 8 on stated evenings. BuUier, \ franc; Chateau Rouge, i to 2 fis. ; Cirque d'Ete, i and 2 fcs. ; Elysee Mont- martre, 2fis. ; Mabille, s/^s. ; Tivoli Wauxhall, i to 2/i:s. ; Valentino, 254, Rue St. Honore, 2 to s/cs.; Le Prado,near the Observatory ; the Hippodrome, 2/cs. ; Concert Besse- lievre ; Champs Elysees, 2 /cs. Arches. — Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel; Arc de TEtoile ; Porte St. Denis. Artesian Well. — F/ace de Breteuil^ near the Ecole Mihtaire. Banks. — Banque de France, opposite the Place des Victoii-es^ is the National and only Bank for France. Foreign bankers: Ardoin and Co., 10, Rue Joiibert ; Bis- choffsheim and Co., 39, Boulevart Haussviann ; Callaghan, 35, Boulevart Haussmann ; Comptoir d'Escompte, 14, Rue Ba-gere ; De Lisle and Co., 17, Rue Pasquier ; Drexel and Co., 3, Rue Scribe ; Ferrera and Co., 3, Rue Laffitte ; Fould, 22, Rue Bergere ; Gil, 6, Boulevart des Capucines ; Grindlay and Co., 30, Boulevart des Italiens ; Krauss and Co., 29, Rue de Provence; Lehideux and Co., 3, Rue Drouot ; Sherbette and Co., 33, Rue du Quatre Septembre ; Mallet freres, 37, Rue d^AnJou St. Hanore ; Marcuard, 31, Rue Lafayette ; Muller and Co., 13, Rue Grange Batelilre ; Munroe, 7, Rue Scribe; Fillet- Will and Co., 14, Rue Monccy ; Rothschild, 21, Rue Laffitte ; Societe Gendrale, 4, Place de V Opera ; Tucker and Co., 3, Rue Scribe ; Vernes, 29, Rue Taitbout ; Cheque Bank, 30, Botdevart des Italiens. Cab Fares.— Inside the fortifications, for two or three persons, \ fc. 50 c. the drive, or 2 fcs. the hour; for four or five persons, 1 fc. 70^. the drive, or 2 fcs. 25 <:. the hour; for each package or box, 25^. extra; after mid- night prices are about double. Catacombs. — These extend under a great part of Paris and may be viewed occasionally by asking per- mission from the Prefet de la Seine ; it requires some influence, as permission is not freely given. The chief entrance is in the Rue de la Tombe-Issoire ; the walls throughout are lined with skulls and human bones ar- ranged in order and devices, and even chapels are built with them. Churches. — Cathedral of Notre Dame, La Madeleine, Pantheon, St. Ambroise, St. Augustin, St. Etienne du Mont, St. Eustache, St. Germain I'Auxerrois, St. Germain des Pres, St. Gervais, St. Jacques du Haut Pas, St. Laurent, St. Paul, St. Roch, St. Sulpice, St. Vincent de Paul, Ste. Chapelle, Ste. Clotilde, Ste. Genevieve, Sorbonne, Trinite, Val de Grace. American Chapels: 21, Rice de Berri, and 17, Rue Bayard. Church of England: 5, Rue d'A- guesseau; 10 bis Avenue Marboeuf; -^^^RueBoissy d^Anglas. Church of Scotland : 162^ Rue de Rivolt. Congregational: 23, Rue Roy ale and 70, Avenue de la Grande Armee. Wesleyan : 4, Rue Roquepine. Embassies and Consulates. — America : 95, Rue de Chaillot; 3, Rue Scribe. Argentine : 5, Rue de Berlin; 13, Rue Grange Bateliere. Austria: 7, Rue Las Cases; 21, Rue Laffitte. Belgium: 153, Faubourg St. Honore. Brazil : 17, Rue de Teheran ; 43, Rue du Colisee. Chili : 54, Rue Monceau; 26, Rue de Laval. Denmark: 37, Rue de I'Universite ; 53, Rue d'Haute- ville. Ecuador : 7, Rue Laffitte. Germany : 78, Rue de Lille. Great Britain, &c. : 39, Faubourg St. Honord. Greece : 14, Avenue de Messine; 20, Rue Taitbout. Italy: 127, Rue St. Dominique; 19, Rue Miromenil. Netherlands: 2, Avenue Bosquet; 54, Avenue Josephine. Nicaragua : 44, Avenue Gabriel; 34, Rue de Provence. Paraguay: 10, Rue du Mont Thabor ; 19, Rue de Grammont. Peru : 56, Rue Mon- ceau; II, Rue de Milan. Persia: 65, Avenue Jose- phine ; 21, Rue de I'Echiquier. Portugal : 30, Avenue de Friedland; 66, Rue Caumartin. Russia: 76, Rue de Crenelle St. Germain. Spain: 25, Quai d'Orsay; 125, Avenue des Champs Elysees. Switzerland: 3, Rue Blanche. Turkey: 17, Rue Laffitte. Venezuela: 32, Rue Poissonniere. Environs of Paris by Rail. — Argenteuil, Asnibres, Autueil, Bouget, Buzenval, Champigny, Compi^gne, Enghien, Fontainebleau, Montmorency, Sceaux, Sevres, St. Cloud, St. Denis, St. Germain, Versailles, Vincennes. Steamers between Paris and St. Cloud and Suresnes. Fountains. — The chief of which are Cuvier, Chateau d'Eau, Crenelle, Innocents, Luxembourg, Molibre, St. Michel, St. Sulpice, and at Versailles. Galleries of Paintings and Museums. — The Luxem- bourg for living artists ; the Louvre for every style of art, divided into eighteen different classes; the Hotel de Cluny, containing an Antiquarian Collection ; admissions any day excepting Monday. The Bourbon Palace is noted for its painted walls, ceilings, and library of 200,000 volumes. Cardens and Promenades. — Bois de Boulogne; Buttes Chaumont ; Champ de Mars ; Champs Elysdes : Jardin d'Acclimatation of Wild Animals; entrance \ franc week day, and 50 centwieson Sundays and holidays. The Jardin des Plantes, which is a botanical garden but contains quite a number of wild animals, has also a Chemical Labo- ratory, Cabinets of Anatomy and of Natural History; the entrance is free. Palais Royal Square; Palais des Thermes; Pare Monceaux ; St. Cloud ; Tuileries ; Versailles. Institutions and State Properties. — The Institute of France, facing the Louvre on the opposite side of the Seine, is the seat of the French Academy of Art, Litera- ture, and Science. Hotel Dieu, next to Notre Dame Ca- thedral^ is a Public Hospital. Hotel des Invalides is for military and naval pensioners ; under the dome may be seen the tomb of the Great Napoleon. The Mint is at the Hotel des Monnaies on Quai de Conti; the manufac- turing may be viewed Tuesdays and Fridays, 1 2 to 3, by asking permission of the Director. There is a valuable col- lection of coins and medals. Hotel des Postes. The Gobe- lin Tapestry Manufactory, 254, Avenue des Gobelins, open Wednesdays and Saturdays, i to 3. The Tobacco Manu- factory, 63, Quai d^Orsay, open daily. The Porcelain Manufactory at Sevres any day. The National Printing Office, 89, Rue Veille du Te?nple, visible Thursdays, at 2 o'clock, by permission of the Director. Libraries. — Bibliotheque Nationale, 58, Rue Richelieu. Mazarine, at the Institute. Ste.-Genevi^ve, Place du Pan- theon. Arsenal, Rue de Sully. De la Ville, Rue Sevigne. Conservatoire de Musique, 1 5 ,Rue duFaubourg-Poissonniere. Des Arts et Mdtiers, Rue St. Martin. L'Ecole de Droit (k la Faculte), Place du Panthhn. L'Ecole de Mddecine, Rue de PEcole de Mededne. Des Beaux- Arts, 14, jRue Bonaparte. L'Ecole des Mines, 60, Boulevart St, Michel. Des Fonts et Chaussees, 28, Rue des Sts. Peres. De I'lnsti- tut, 21, Quai Conti. De I'Universite, Rue de SorbonjiCy and Bourbon Palace. Markets. — Halle au Bid. Halle aux Vins. Halles Centrales, Rue Berger. Measures and Weights. — The kilogramme ox kilo is the ordinary French weight, it is equal to 2lb. ^oz. avoirdu- pois English. The metre is the standard measure, being 39 inches long : it is divided into 100 centimetres. For long distances the M(^;;z^/r^ is made use of, being equal to -|- mile English. The litre, about if pint, is a liquid and dry mea- sure ; the hectolitre equals 22 gallons ; the hectare ^o^'dS.^ 2\ acres. Money consists in bronze of 5 centimes, termed a sou, equal in value to the American cent or the English half- penny, and 10 centimes. Silver, 20 centimes, 50 centimes, I franc (or 100 centimes), 2 francs, 5 francs. Gold, 5 francs, 10 francs, 20 francs. A franc is equal to ^\d. English. Morgue, for dead bodies, is situated in the Island near Notre Dame. Newspapers printed in English, "American Advertiser," daily, 5, Rue Scribe. "American Register," weekly, 2, Rue Scribe. " Galignani's Messenger," 224, Rue de Rivoli. PosTE Restante. — Rues Coq-Heron and Pagevin. Railways. — The Chemin de Per de Ceinture skirts the fortifications inside, about 18 miles in length; tickets may be taken for the whole circle : outside seats are the best in fine weather. For Germany, Switzerland, and the Rhine the station of the Chemifi de Per de lEst is in Place de Strasbourg. For the South of France, the Pyrenees, and Spain the station of the Chemifi de Per d' Orleans is Quai d'Austerlitz. For Lyons and the Me- diterranean the station is at Boulevart Mazas. For Nor- mandy, Brittany, and through services to London by Rouen, Dieppe, and Newhaven, the Chemin de Per de r Quest has stations in Rue St. Lazare and Boulevart Mont Parnasse. For Belgium, Holland, Germany, Rus- sia, and through services to London by Lille, Calais, and Dover, or Boulogne and Folkestone, take the Chemin de Fer du Nord, station Place Roubaix. Sundry Objects. — Chateau de Vincennes, Saturday, I to 4. Notre Dame, 12 to 4, for 50 c, and for the Tower, " 20 c. each person. The Bourse; Colonne de Juillet; Tour St. Jacques ; Colonne Vendome ; Dome du Pan- theon — it is customary to give 50 ^. to the custodian to mount these different columns. Schools. — Ecole Militaire. Ecole des Beaux-Arts. Blind, 56, Boulevart des Invalides. Deaf and Dumb, 256, Rue St. Jacques. Telegraph Offices open day and night, Rue de Cre- nelle Saint- Germain and Palais de la Bourse. Theatres, with the number of seats and the lowest prices of admission. Ambigu, 1,900, 50^. Ath^nde- Comique, 2 fcs. 50^. Bouffes Parisiens, 1,200, i fc. Cluny, 1,100, ifc. Chateau d'Eau, 2,000, 50 c. Cirque d'Hiver, i and 2 fcs. Chatelet, 3,500, 50 c. Folies Dra- matiques, 1,200, 50 c. Gaietd, 1,800, 75 c. Gymnase, 1,200, ifc. 25 c. Historique, 1,700, 50 c. Italiens, 1,500, ifc. 50 c. Nouveautes, 2fc. 50 c, Od^on, 1,700, 75 c. Op^ra, 2,200, 2fc. 50 r. Opdra Comique, 1,500, 1 fc. Palais Royal, 1,000, 2 fcs. Porte St. Martin, 1,800, 75 c. Renaissance, 1,100, 50^. Theatre Era ngais, 1,400, ifc. Vari^tes, 1,250, ifc. Vaudevilles, 1,300, ifc. Tramways and Omnibuses. — For routes and fares a guide may be purchased for 2d. at any of the omnibus stations. Ways and Means. — The geographical position of Paris is similar to London, the river Seine dividing North from South. The Cathedral of Notre Dame in the Island may be taken as the finger-post pointing east and west. Any one provided with a map of Paris, and a watch-guard charm representing a mariner's compass (costing is. 6d in London), may traverse the whole city of Paris without asking a single question as to route ; other^vise, the ordi- nary policeman {sergent de villi) is ever polite and obliging. Strangers in difficulties should always apply to the com- missaire de police. The following letter was written by the late veteran French savant^ Monsieur Littre, a few weeks before his death ; he was the compiler of a Dictionary of the French Language, in four large thick 4to. volumes, and was a member of the Institute of France. " Mesnil-le-Roy, pres Maison Laffitte, " Seine et Oise, 2 Aout, 1879. " Monsieur, *' Votre livre est arrive dans un mauvais moment pour " Your book is arrived in a bad moment for moi; je viens d'etre fort malade, et ^ mon age, surtout me ; I come for to be very ill, and at my age, above all quand on est depuis bien des mois en proie a des suffrances when one is since many of months prey to the sufferings permanentes, le retablissement est p^nible et lent. Je me permanent, the re-establishnunt is painful and slozv. I me contente done pour le moment de vous accuser reception content then for the present of you to acknowledge receipt de votre envoi, me reservant, si les forces me reviennent, of your sending, me reserving myself if the strength me returns d'en prendre plus ample connaissance, of it to take more ample knowledge, Agreez, Monsieur, I'assurance Accept, sir, the assurance de ma haute consideration, of my high consideration, E. Littre. CRITICAL CRITICISMS OF CRITICS ON DRURY'S COMICAL FRENCH GRAMMAR. tHE Author of the " Comical French Grammar," in submittingthese Opinions of the Press, wishes to call special attention to the selection which he has culled from a larger quantity, not only of some which are very favourable, but also those most severe, leaving the reader to form his own opinion thereon. He would, however, state for himself, that he never had the least idea of aspiring to the comedy of " Tom Hood," nor of the author of the " Comic Latin Grammar;" his only reason for terming it a "Comical Grammar," rather than a "Comic" one, was editorial instinct that, whereas grammar has ever been the most serious part of education, hence any other style would be (according to Webster's Dictionary,) " divertive^ or droli, laughable^ ludicrous^ ridiculous^ sportive" whilst " Comic relates to Comedy as distinct from Tragedy." He did not seek to set himself up as a new grammarian ; he re- grets, however, that like the old man in the fable, he has not been able to please everybody. Some people can- not see fun in life, however funny it may be, whilst others will find it anywhere and everywhere, although dulness may abound ; still he congratulates himself that (excepting one editorial snub), he has received some kind of com- mendation for his grammatical exertions. As an amuse- ment he commenced it, but with ideas that " it might be profitable for self-instruction to others," also perhaps " to himself in another form" he completed and had it printed. He believes that book learning might be made less dry, or easier. He thanks his numerous critics for their genuine criticisms which, after all, are really amusing and contradictory, because each editor has taken his sight from a different " point of view," whilst the author com- piled it with a view to amusement and instruction com- bined (had it been entirely Comic it could scarcely have been useful) ; thus he trusts the public will be induced to partake freely of either the amusement or instruction in his Comical Grammar, as may seem most adapted to their tastes, and which they can do through any bookseller. He will state here for the information of those parties who are specially interested in the matter of the genders of FRENCH NOUNS, that he considers his exposition of the same to be the most concise of any yet printed in England. Some grammarians have studiously endeavoured^ by many pages of paper and prints to unravel that which they deemed to imagine ^^ a great mystery J^ He believes that he has, in two pages (13, 14) of his grammar, proved that there is neither mystery nor difficulty, but veritable ease in the ac- quisition of the real knowledge of the same. Book Analyst, Dec. 13, 1878. Those who in their youth plodded wearily through the dull pages of Hamel Levizac, or Warostrocht, will think the rising generation very lucky in having their road through the intricate thickets of French nouns, verbs, and adjectives made easy for them by "Mr. Drury's Comical French Grammar." At a first glance it might be thought from the caricatures scattered through Mr. Drury's little volume that he meant to turn into ridicule the many eccentricities, entorses as Figaro calls them, of the French Language, but the reader is soon undeceived, for the text is an attempt to lighten the student's task by giving a comical or satirical turn to the phrases which are intended to illustrate the author's teachings, so that laughter and instruction go side by side. The woodcuts, which are in the style of the elder Hood, number over 50, are from the pencil of the author. They are as amusing as anything that appears in the so-called comic periodicals of the day. Bookseller, Dec. i, 1878. Mr. Drury is quite right. The fun in the little volume, both verbal and pictorial, cannot but aid an Englishman in acquiring a fairly good notion of French as spoken in Paris. City Press, Dec. ii, 1878. Renders the study of the French language more amusing than it generally proves. Lloyd! s News, Jan. 19, 1879. We humbly confess that we cannot conceive what is the meaning of the "Comical French Grammar." It is not a bad grammar, and betrays a certain idiomatic knowledge of the French language ; but there is not an approach to humour in any part of it, and it is an irritating book, because you see plainly that the author is con- stantly imagining himself to be vastly amusing. Pcdl Mall Gazette, Jan. 2, 1879. A ridiculous attempt to lighten the difficulties of grammar by the perpetration of feeble jokes. Mr. Drury's tiny illustrations are considerably better than his letterpress ; they are also intended to be comical, and sometimes the intention succeeds. Publishers' Circular, Dec. 31, 1878. "French in an amusing point of vie w. " One remark only will we make — Euclid says that a *' point has no parts or substance," the grammar, therefore, must be small which is contained within it. Saturday Review^ Feb. 8, 1879. Attempts to combine instruction with jocosity are not, as a rule, desirable or successful ; it is fair to ls\t. Drury to say that in his venture ii^^is direction, there are one or two amusing hits. Touchstone, Nov. 30, 1878. We well remember the "Comic Latin Grammar," with its marvellous illustrations of syntactical and other rules. We call to mind with much pleasure being told how, under their appropriate rules, " Patres Conscripti took a boat and went to Philippi ; " but alas, " Stormum surgebat et boatum oversetebat. " "Omnes drounderunt, quia swim away non potuerunt ; " '* Excipe John Periwig, who was tied to the tail of a dead pig." There was something amazingly funny in these and other quaintly comic Anglo- Latin lines interspersed throughout the grammar. The "Comic History of England," too, was eminently comic ; but this French Grammar, though amusing enough, is hardly comical. But though it falls short of the claim advanced on its behalf, it is, unquestion- ably, a grammar which will answer the purpose of the author, who has succeeded in making it *^ amusing, easy, sure, and useful." There is no doubt that grammar taught in this form is likely to be re- membered by the careful and earnest student, for dry rules and regula- tions are wearisome to study, just as the master who can enforce his teaching by amusing illustrations invariably enlists the undivided attention of his pupils. Thus, though we do not feel justified in describing Mr. Drury 's efforts as a French grammarian as he has done, though we have little faith in the comicality of his illustra- tions, still we allow most willingly that his grammar is really a use- ful work, and likely to find favour, especially among adult students, who are often terrified out of every attempt they make to master it by the tables, and conjunctions, and declensions, &c. The Week, N