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Ibeatb's flDo^crn Xanguase Scries 
 
 EXERCISES 
 
 French Prose Composition 
 
 WILLIAM WISTAR COMFORT, Ph.D. 
 
 PROFESSOR OF ROMANCE LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES IN CORNELL UNIVERSITY 
 
 D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS 
 BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO 
 
Copyright, 1907, 
 By D. C. Heath & Co« 
 
PREFACE 
 
 This material for French prose composition is intended for 
 the use of students who possess a ready acquaintance with all 
 the forms of French parts of speech and with the simple rules 
 of French syntax. Thus it is suitable for students who 
 have done one or two years' work in formal composition, 
 and who now wish to practise a style which shall approximate 
 that of colloquial French conversation. I prepared the exer- 
 cises, in the first place, for those of my own students who looked 
 forward to making use of their knowledge during a trip abroad. 
 This facfdictated the conversational style in which some infor- 
 mation, believed to be useful, has been cast. The results have 
 been gratifying. 
 
 Though no reference is made to any grammar, the student 
 should frequently consult his grammar upon any matter in which 
 he is in doubt. The vocabulary is a special one, containing over 
 one thousand of the most common words, and also much guid- 
 ance to correct translation. The notes fulfill a double function : 
 they arrest attention upon special points of construction, and 
 convey such aid in the choice of words and idioms as could not 
 be inserted in the vocabulary. It need only be added that the 
 preparation of the exercises should be followed by oral practice 
 in class upon the same material, until the student gains fluency 
 and confidence. 
 
 I desire to thank Mr. I. H. B. Spiers of the WiUiam Penn 
 Charter School, Philadelphia, and M. Paul H. Hagemans, Con- 
 sul General of Belgium to the United States, for many practical 
 suggestions. Most of the grammatical statements in the notes 
 are based upon the Fraser and Squair French Gratnmar, 
 (D. C. Heath & Co., Boston.) 
 
 247497 W. W. C 
 
 Haverford College, 1907. 
 
EXERCISES IN FRENCH PROSE 
 COMPOSITION 
 
 In the following exercises, words contained in parentheses should 
 be translated if they are not required in the English idiom ; they 
 should not be translated, if they are required in the English idiom. 
 
 In accordance with the usage of French conversation, which 
 these exercises suggest, the Past Indefinite (Perfect) Tense should 
 be used throughout as the narrative tense to denote a past event 
 without implied reference to any other event. There is no occa- 
 sion in these exercises to use the Past Definite (Preterite or Aorist) 
 Tense or the Past Anterior. The use of the Imperfect, the Plu- 
 perfect and the Future Perfect Tenses should offer no difficulty to 
 the discriminating student. 
 
 EXERCISE 1. 
 
 How glad^ I am to see you! And how good^ you are 
 to come as far as Boulogne to meet me ! 
 
 Why! Not at all my dear friend. We are not very 
 busy at the office at^ this season. There was nothing 
 (of) easier than to^ take the express last evening. I 
 have been* here since five o'clock. They^ could not tell 
 me the exact hour of your arrival. Have you had® a 
 good trip? 
 
 Excellent, thank you. We have had'(a) magnificent 
 weather for the crossing. I found two or three travel- 
 ing-companions, who were most'' agreeable, and in their 
 company the time passed quickly. 
 
 1 Position of adj. and of adv. in exclamations? ^Vans. ^De. 
 * Use Pres. Ind. with depuis. ^ Use indef . pron. on, ^ Use faire, 
 ^'On ne peut plus (an adv. phrase). 
 
 I 
 
2 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 I must^ say that you (other) Americans (you) are 
 "? the most intrepid travelers that I know.^ You leave '° 
 New York for France as I-^^ should leave Paris for Mar- 
 seilles, and with less anxiety. But how well^ you speak 
 5 French! You have made great progress since I have 
 seen you. What have you done in order to acquire 
 this fluency? 
 
 Why! You are very kind to^ tell me so.^^ I have done 
 
 all that I could to perfect myself. I did not think that^^ 
 
 lo I had succeeded so well. I said^^ to myself that the 
 
 next time that I should travel in France I should be in 
 
 a position ^^ to get^^ along with anybody. 
 
 Good! This time there is no danger. You can go 
 where you wish^® and they^ will understand you. But 
 15 have you had lunch? You must^"^ be dying of hunger. 
 Not altogether. But I should very gladly take some- 
 thing. Let's go^^ to a hotel near the station. Later, 
 we'll take the train at three o'clock. 
 
 Very well. You have had^^ your baggage ^^ registered ^^ 
 
 20 direct ^^ to Paris, doubtless. The customs-officers will 
 
 examine it there.^^ It is much more convenient that 
 
 way.^^ After lunch you will have only^^ to take your 
 
 ticket and get into^ the car. It^^ is now iive^^ minutes 
 
 ^ ^Use devoir. ^Use connaitre; what mood in the relative clause, 
 
 * when the antecedent is qualified by a superlative? i^Use quitter. 
 11 Repeat pron. in emphatic Nom. form at end of clause. ^'^Le, 
 i^An Inf. construction usually replaces a que clause of which the 
 subject is the same as that of the main clause. 1* Use reflex, verb, 
 with what auxiliary? ^^See vocab. ^^Fut. Ind. ^'^Use devoir, 
 foil, by Pres. Inf. of w^/^r?>. ^^ Imperative. ^^Use/^zzV^. '^^ Ki\.&x 
 /aire, laisser, voir and entendre, an active Inf. is used with passive 
 force and stands next to the main verb. ^^Ld-bas. ^Txdins, 
 *noon minus five,* 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 3 
 
 to twelve. We have the time to^ take^ a turn on the 
 esplanade. 
 
 Good. Now I am ready. 
 
 Let us cast^^ a glance at^ the beach in passing. It is 
 worth ^^ the trouble. You will see that Boulogne is one 5 
 of our most animated sea-ports. 
 
 Very well. Let's go^^ (to it).^* 
 
 EXERCISE 2. -/ 
 
 Ah! Here^ we are. How glad I am to be back^ 
 again at Paris! I am going to leave you now, my 
 friend, sinc e vou must ^ be busy and since^ I shall not 10 
 need* less than^ a quarter of (an) hour for the customs 
 examination. 
 
 Well then, goodbye. Till tomorrow. . . . 
 
 Porter, carry this valise to the baggage-room, and 
 while I am there, reserve a carriage for me.* 15 
 
 Very well, sir. Do you want a carriage^ with a gallery? 
 
 No, it is not necessary. I have only one trunk and 
 this valise. . . . 
 
 You have nothing to declare, sir? No tobacco, no 
 wine ? 20 
 
 Absolutely nothing, sir. 
 
 Good. Open this trunk for me,** if you please. That's 
 all. Take (it) away. . . . ^ 
 
 Porter, where is the carriage? 
 
 ^Sur. 24Conj. pron. ^. 
 
 ^See vocab. '^Usq devoir. ^Que, ^Vsefalloir. ^ Que oi de^ 
 in comparison preceding an expression of quantity? ^The disjunc- 
 tive form moi is used instead of me after the verb, exc6pt before 
 en: reservez-moz {ior exsunple). 
 
4 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 There ^ it is, sir. I am going to bring the trunk 
 right away. . , . 
 
 Now, driver, to the Hotel Continental. You will 
 follow the rue de la Paix, won't you?'^ I have^ to stop 
 5 a moment at (the) number 42. 
 
 All right, sir. . . . 
 
 I desire a room for a few days, sir. 
 
 Very well, sir. I give you (the) number 60, on^ the 
 first floor. Ten francs a® day. Here ^ is the elevator. 
 10 WilH you go up right away? . . . 
 
 This room suits me very well. Tell me, is it^^ too 
 late for the table d'hote ? 
 
 Ah yes, sir. They^^ do not serve it (more) after eight 
 o'clock. But you^^ can dine a la carte when you^^ wish 
 15 in® the restaurant. You will find it beside the large dining- 
 room. They" will bring up your baggage right away. 
 
 Then I shall come down presently. Listen, before^ 
 going away, bring me^ some^^ hot water, — really^* hot, 
 do you understand? There is no way^ to wash oneself 
 20 properly with cold water.^^ Ah, here is the trunk. Put 
 it here beneath the window, beside the bed, please. 
 That's^ it. 
 
 Here is the hot water, sir. 
 
 Very well. Thank ^ you. Now I have alP that I want. 
 
 r^ »> EXERCISE 3. 
 
 25 What are you going to do this morning ? 
 
 I do not know yet. I have just^ breakfasted. 
 
 '^ N'est-ce pas. ^Usea. ^ Par. '^^11, ^Indef. pron. I2partitive 
 construction. "^^Bien, 
 ^See vocab. 
 
 1 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 5 
 
 It^ is ten o^clock. Suppose^ we go to the Louvre. It 
 is necessary to have a general idea of the picture gallery 
 before^ beginning to study it seriously. If that does 
 not interest you, there ^ is always the museum of sculp- 
 ture and the museum of antiquities. I think that we 5 
 shall do well to go there ^ today, since the Louvre js _ , 
 closed every Monday like all the other museums of Paris. 
 
 Well, I shall be with^ you immediately. But I must 
 tell you now,^ my friend, that I am not very enthusiastic 
 about museums. I know nothing (of) more tiresome. 10 
 So you will spare me, won't you,^ everything^ that is not 
 of the highest importance. Naturally, I wish to see the 
 masterpieces of the early ^ Italians and some^ few cele- 
 brated specimens of classic sculpture.^ It would be 
 ridiculous to leave Paris without inspecting"^ them. 15 
 
 I should say^ so. Well, hurry. It is not worth ^ the 
 trouble to take a carriage. We shall go down the rue de 
 Rivoli, and we shall be there ^ in^ ten minutes. . . . 
 
 Ah, how beautiful^ the gardens of the Tuileries are! 
 And to think^*^ that the great lords and the ladies of the 20 
 court used to walk^^ yonder, and that some of the blood- 
 iest scenes of the Revolution took place ^^ near the spot 
 where we are! 
 
 You are right. It is evident that if you have neglected 
 the fine arts, you are very strong in^^ history. For my 25 
 part, I am of (the) opinion that in order to get profit 
 
 ^Conj. adv. y, ^Je suis a vous. ^Des a present, ^N^est-ce pas, 
 
 * Should the def . art. be used in such cases with a * general ' or 
 
 * generic' noun? "'AH preps, govern the Inf. except en which 
 governs the Pres. Part. ^ Dans. ^Position? 10^/ ^/V^; exclam- 
 atory use of the Inf. ^Use se promener; what tense expresses 
 repeated action in past time? ^^Use se derouler, ^^£n. 
 
6 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 \r 
 
 from a trip in^ Europe, it is nece ssary to know (how) to 
 speak at least two foreign languages, to know ^* the prin- 
 cipal events of European history, and to appreciate the 
 arts. Here is the principal entrance of the Louvre. 
 5 Let's pass^^ to the right, in order to avoid that individ- 
 ual who is spying us. It^^ is a guide, one of those ignorant 
 (fellows) who torment foreigners.^ 
 
 EXERCISE 4. 
 
 I find this hotel very comfortable. One is very well 
 served here.^ Everything is excellent. My room looks 
 10 out on the court. There is no noise from the street. 
 One can sleep very well, without being annoyed.^ 
 
 I am glad that you are^ satisfied. If the room is clean 
 and the cooking good, it is all* that one can ask. 
 
 Now, here is what* I have to do this morning. You 
 15 know that little trunk which I brought with me. You 
 saw it at Boulogne, if I am not mistaken.* When I left 
 America,^ I was persuaded that it would suffice. Well^ 
 I was examining it last* evening, and I find that it will 
 be absolutely impossible to put into it^ all the articles 
 20 that I have bought these days."^ I need another (of 
 them).^ If you are free this morning, let us search^ for a 
 trunk-dealer. 
 
 Very well. I know one (of them)^ who will do your 
 business. 
 25 Good. I shall be glad to profit by your experience. . . . 
 
 1* Use connaitre, ^^ Use the Imperative. ^^ Use ce. 
 
 ^Conj. adv. y. 2 See Ex. 3, n. 7. ^ what mood, following expres- 
 sion of emotion? *See vocab. ^ Should the def. art. be used? 
 *Conj. pron. y, '^ Ces jours-ci. ^Conj. pron. en. ^ Imperative^ 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 7 
 
 Good morning, sir. I want a small trunk. Please ^^ 
 show me some^ of a moderate* price. 
 
 Yes, sir. I have (of) all kinds (of them),^ of ^^ leather, 
 of^^ wicker, and of^^ wood. For example, here is a 
 wicker ^^ trunk for fifty francs, very solid, well made and re- 5 
 enforced at the corners. It is a bargain, at fifty francs. 
 As you see, it can hold a great deal. I guarantee that 
 you will be satisfied with it,^ sir. Then, I have the same 
 kind, only^^ a little larger, at sixty-five francs. 
 
 Oh, this one is large enough. The price is fifty francs, 10 
 do you say? Well, I choose this one. You will send it 
 for me^* as soon as possible to my hotel. I have need 
 of it^ immediately. 
 
 Very well, sir. It will be brought ^^ to you this evening 
 without fail. Goodbye, gentlemen. 15 
 
 Goodbye. . . . 
 
 Ten ^^ minutes to twelve. Do you wish to lunch ? 
 
 Very willingly. I took only a cup of coffee this morn- 
 ing at nine o'clock. Consequently, I am already hun- 
 gry. Ordinarily, I take a cup of chocolate with two 20 
 boiled eggs. 
 
 Here is a good restaurant. Let's go*'® in here. 
 
 EXERCISE 5. 
 
 Waiter, the bill of fare, please. 
 
 Here it is, sir. 
 
 They do not serve any lunch at (a) fixed price here. 25 
 
 '^^Veuillezy foil, by Inf. construction. 11 Use prep, en, ^En 
 <?«Vr (an adj. phrase). ^^Seulement en phis grand. ^^Conj. pron. 
 me. i^Use active construction with indef. pron. subject. ^^ Trans, 
 •noon minus ten.* 
 
8 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 One eats a la carte. Well, what do you wish ? We'll pass 
 (over) the soup and the hors d^oeuvre, shall we not?^ 
 
 Oh yes, it is^ too hot to^ take a soup. Let's begin 
 with* some fish, — filets of sole, Tartar sauce. 
 ^ Good. That suits me perfectly. Next? 
 
 Next, a Chateaubriand beefsteak with^ mushrooms. 
 Now I have done my duty. You must order the vege- 
 tables and the dessert. 
 
 Well, give us some fried potatoes and cauliflower^ au 
 10 gratin and tomato salad. Afterward, we'll take some 
 cheese, some fruit and coffee. 
 
 Very well, sir. And in the way^ of wine? 
 
 No wine. 
 
 No wine, sir ? Very well, sir. 
 15 Waiter, how long shall we have"^ to wait for that 
 beefsteak ? 
 
 A short quarter^ of (an) hour, sir, not more. 
 
 Good. Not cooked too much. I want it somewhat rare; 
 
 Very well, sir. . . . 
 20 You are happy,^ my friend, to live^ in a country where 
 cooking is an art. Where can one dine so cheaply as^^ 
 in the restaurants of Paris? Everything is cooked ex- 
 actly right,^ everything is served with a grace and a polite- 
 ness that one meets but^ rarely in the other countries. 
 25 Perhaps. That must^^ be because we (other) French 
 (we) are particular. Ordinarily, we are not great eat- 
 ers, ^^ and consequently we are epicureans.-^^ You know 
 
 ^N'est-ce pas. ^See vocab. ^ Pour. ^ Par. ^ Aux. ^ Use pi. 
 7 Use fallbir. ^ Heureux. ^ Use demeurer with dans. ^^ Que. 
 11 Use devoir. i2ghould an art. be used with a predicate noun 
 which quaUfies in a general way the personal subject or object of 
 certain verbs ? 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 9 
 
 the proverb: the appetite comes with^^ eating. Ah! 
 Here is the beefsteak. It has altogether (a) good 
 appearance. There is a good slice for you. And 
 potatoes?^* 
 
 No potatoes for me, thank you. But how good^^ that 3 
 cauliflower^ appears! It^^ makes my mouth water. 
 
 What cheese do you prefer, gentlemen? 
 
 It^^ is all the same to me. Bring some Roquefort. 
 
 Well, I have dined very well. I am almost ashamed. 
 I have eaten like^^ everything. 10 
 
 So much the better 2. . . . Waiter, the bill. 
 
 Here it is, sir. Seven francs fifty, sir. 
 
 Let's see.^^ It is correct. Have this bill of fifty francs 
 changed.^ 
 
 How much tip are you going to give him? 15 
 
 Fifteen sous. In (the) restaurants like this^one, one 
 gives ordinarily ten per cent on the total of the bill. 
 
 EXERCISE 6. 
 
 Do you know Madame Blanc? 
 
 No, I have not the pleasure of knowing her. 
 
 She^ is a charming woman, who was very good to^ me 20 
 at the time* of my first visit to Paris. Formerly she used 
 to have* some relations with the family of my mother, 
 who, you know (it), was educated in France. Conse- 
 quently, Madame Blanc interested herself in^ the son of 
 
 ^^£n. 1* Partitive construction, imposition? No agreement 
 here, ^^^a me fait venir Veau a la bouche, ^'^ Cela m'est egaL 
 "^^Comrne qtiatre. ^^ Imperative. 20 Render by active Inf. im- 
 mediately following the main verb faites. 
 
 ^Use ce. ^Pour. ^See vocab. *What tense, to express contin- 
 ued action in past time ? ^ Use a. 
 
lO FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 her old^ friend. I am anxious to make her a visit, and, 
 if I am not mistaken,^ today "^ is her day (at home). 
 
 Well, in that case, I shall leave you free this afternoon, 
 and shall come to get you this evening at a quarter^ be- 
 5 fore eight. I have two orchestra stalls at the Theatre 
 Frangais, where they^ will give a play of Racine. . . . 
 
 Ah, dear Madame, how happy I am to find^ you 
 again ! 
 
 What a pleasure to see you, dear friend ! How good 
 10 you are to^*^ come to see an old^ lady like me! 
 
 It is a pleasure, dear Madame, which I have prom- 
 ised ^^ myself for (a) long time. I know nothing (of) 
 more agreeable than to^^ find^ again old^^ friends. 
 
 How right you are! All my life consists now in re- 
 15 ceiving^^ a few callers who come (the) Tuesdays to pass 
 a quarter of (an) hour with me. That makes me forget 
 all my troubles, when we speak of the good old^^ times. ^* 
 But how wrong I am to^*^ speak to you of all that! Let 
 us be^^ cheerful. What do you do to kill (the) time? 
 20 You know that it is now the dead season^ at Paris. 
 
 Oh! I am having a very good time,^ I assure you. 
 
 My friend, Mr. C, comes to get me every day and takes ^^ 
 
 me almost ^"^ everywhere. He^ is an excellent fellow 
 
 whom I like very much. He is of a very distinguished 
 
 25 family and he is very well educated. 
 
 You would do me a pleasure if you would ^^ both^® 
 
 ^ Vieille or ancienne ? "^ Trans. * it is today her day/ ^ Trans. 
 *at eight o'clock minus a quarter.' ^Indef. pron. '^^Be. ^^Use 
 Pres. Ind. of reflex, verb with depuis. '^Vieux. ^^All preps, 
 except en govern the Inf. ^^Use sing. ^^ Imperative. ^^Use 
 mener. '^'^ Un peu. ^^Use vouloir ; what mood and tense in less 
 vivid future condition.? ^^ Place after venir. 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION II 
 
 come to dine with me Saturday evening. I shall invite 
 my daughter also, with her husband. He Ms a charming 
 fellow, about ^^ of your age, whom you have never met, 
 I think. 
 
 You are too kind, Madame. My friend and I (we) 5 
 shall be delighted. I accept for him as for myself. That 
 will give you the chance to make his acquaintance, and 
 you will tell me what^^ you think of him. By the way, 
 my father and my mother charged me to present to you 
 their compliments and their sincere wishes for your health. 10 
 
 Thank you. It is very kind on their part^ to have 
 thought^ of ^ me. Till Saturday, without fail. Goodbye. 
 
 EXERCISE 7. 
 
 Have you good seats for this evening.'' 
 
 Yes, I took them in advance,^ and I had the luck to 
 fall on two orchestra-stalls in'^ the fifth row. We shall 15 
 be very well there.^ You know, don't you,* that it is nec- 
 essary to pay a supplement of two francs when one takes 
 tickets in advance.^ 
 
 Oh yes, I know it. But it is worth ^ the trouble, espe- 
 cially at this season when there are so many foreigners 20 
 at Paris. Everybody wishes to see a play of the French 
 classic repertory played by the most skilful artists in® 
 the world. Moreover, when one is with ladies it is not 
 agreeable to line up at the window^ and to find after ^ all 
 that all the seats are taken. It is"^ better to^ take 'pre- 25 
 cautions in order to avoid annoyances. 
 
 ^Use ^ peu pres, ^^ Trans. *how you find him.' ^ Use /<?«ji?r. 
 '^ En location. ^Usei. ^Conj. adv.j. ^N^est-ce pas. ^Seevocab. 
 ^ Use de. ^ Use valoir. ^ Omit. 
 
12 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 Certainly, that^ is what^ I do always. But^^ here we 
 are there. Hello! It^ is already five minutes to eight. 
 They^^ will begin soon. I chose /V^^^^r^ because I know 
 that you are acquainted with the play. 
 5 Yes, I read it in ^^ class several years ^^ ago. Later, I saw 
 Sarah Bernhardt in the role of Phedre, when she was in^ 
 the United States. I have been told^* that all the great 
 actresses who have pretentions in^ the tragic style 
 attempt the role of Phedre. It® is the touchstone of 
 
 lo their art, so to speak.^ But look at those gentlemen 
 who keep their hats^ on. That's ^^ a habit that I have 
 never understood.^^ 
 
 Nor I, either. It is a habit like any^"^ other. Not 
 only before the beginning of the play, but also during 
 
 15 the intermissions, the gentlemen get up, put on their 
 hats^ and look about them. 
 
 Well, when I am at Paris I do as the Parisians. Will^ 
 you permit me to use your opera-glass? Perhaps I shall 
 see^^ some friend in the boxes. Yes, there are^^ some 
 
 20 ladies yonder whom I met on the steamer. I must go 
 to greet them. I'll come^ back right away. Will^ you 
 permit me to pass? Pardon. 
 
 EXERCISE 8. 
 
 Dear Madame, permit me to present to you my friend, 
 Mr. C, of whom^ I spoke to you. 
 
 ^Use ^^. '^^ Mais nous y void. ^^ What pron. ? '^'^ En. "^^ Annees. 
 i*Use active construction with indef. pron. subject. '^^ Voild. 
 16 Use comprendre, '^'^ Une autre, ^^ Invert verb and subject aftei 
 peut-eire. 
 
 ^See vocab. 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION I3 
 
 I am delighted to make your acquaintance, sir. Your 
 family has been^ known to me by^ name for a long time. 
 If I am not mistaken/ I used to have for (a) neighbor one 
 of your relatives when I lived* in Burgundy, near 
 Autun. 5 
 
 You are right, Madame, and I am very sensible of^ 
 the honor which you have done me in inviting me to 
 your house. ^ 
 
 Well, you see that we are not entirely strangers to each^ 
 other. Moreover, every friend of Mr. A. will always be lo 
 welcome^ in my house.^ But here are my daughter and 
 her husband. Permit me to present you to them.^ They 
 have the kindness to come to dine with"^ me every Sat- 
 urday. Gentlemen, you will find that we are lacking^ 
 one lady. How stupid I am! If I had noticed® it 15 
 sooner, I should have invited® my niece, but she must^^ 
 be in^ the country just now.^^ My child, we must do our 
 best,^ you^^'^^ and I,^^ to amuse these gentlemen. If not, 
 they will die of ennui. ... 
 
 Madame is served. ... 20 
 
 It is well. My dear friend, wilP you offer me your 
 arm? Mr. C. will offer his to my daughter, and you,^* 
 my dear Henri, (you)^^ will follow us as you can.^* Henri, 
 I am counting on you^^ to ^^ preside. You^^ will sit at 
 the head^ of the table. My daughter and I^^ (we) shall 25 
 place ourselves on* each side of you^* with one of these 
 
 2 Use Pres. Ind. with depuis. ^ De. *What tense of demeurer? 
 ^Use a. ^Use disj. pron. with prep. '^ Chez. ^11 nous manque une 
 dame. ®How express a contrary to fact condition in past time? 
 ^^\^s>^ devoir. ^^En ce moment. ^^ Emphatic nominative. i^Use 
 familiar 2nd person sing. pron. where members of same fam- 
 ily address one another. i*Fut. Ind. '^^ Pour, 
 
14 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 gentlemen. There ^^ we are. It^"^ warms ^ my^^ heart 
 
 again to^ see all these young ^^ people around my table. . . . 
 
 Gentlemen, if you smoke you will stay here with Henri, 
 
 who cannot get^ along without his cigar. When you 
 
 5 shall have finished, come to join^° us in^ the salon, where 
 
 we shall take a cup of coffee. Do not stay too long, I 
 
 beg you. We shall await you with impatience. We 
 
 must have^^ a little music. My daughter will play, and 
 
 you will sing, won't you. Monsieur? 
 
 10 I shall do all^ that I can,^* Madame, to be agreeable 
 
 to you. 
 
 EXERCISE 9. 
 
 Have you read those books that I gave you? 
 
 I have read only one of them.^ I began with^ that 
 novel which has just* appeared, and of which everyone 
 15 is talking. I read it from one end to the other. ^ 
 
 Yes, for the moment it is altogether the style.^ The 
 criticisms which I have read of it,^ especially that of the 
 Revue des deux Mondes, are rather favorable. How did 
 you find it? 
 20 Well, I read the first* two or three chapters with much 
 interest. I said^ to myself, "this time I shall have a de- 
 scription of country* life in France traced by^ (a j master- 
 
 ly A^i^^j _y voild. I'^Use cela. ^^ In such constructions the pos- 
 sessive idea is expressed by the conj. personal pron. in the Dat. 
 and the def. art. with the object affected. '^^\]sq Jeunesse (£.). 
 20 Use retrouver. ^^\]sQfaire. 
 
 ^Conj. pron. en. "^ Par. ^See vocab. *In such constructions 
 the cardinal numbers precede the ordinal. ^ Use reflex, verb se dire, 
 ^De. 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 1$ 
 
 hand." Then, little by little, my curiosity cooled, and I 
 confess that, with'' the exception of the last chapters, I 
 needed® a little courage to finish the novel. I confess, 
 however, that the style of the author appeared to me 
 altogether admirable, of an extraordinary^ clearness and s 
 flexibility. I have never read any French book with 
 less effort. Only, I had a disappointment with regard* 
 to the subject. That's ^^ all. 
 
 I understand perfectly the impression that you re- 
 ceived. The plot is not of a palpitating interest, that lo 
 is certain. Nevertheless, there are some scenes of a 
 striking realism and some descriptions of Nature which 
 are altogether remarkable. But in order to appreciate 
 the latter it is necessary® to be acquainted with the prov- 
 inces where the action takes place. As for the style, the 15 
 beauty ^^ of which ^^ you noticed, the author excels there. 
 As you know, clearness^® is the first quality of French 
 prose. Provided that an author write ^* with an exact ^* 
 appreciation of the value of the words, with the feeling 
 that he is making use of a sacred instrument, so to speak, 20 
 we (other) French (we) willingly pardon' him other^^ 
 faults. But you will find more interesting one of the 
 other books. Read that one which treats of the reign 
 of Louis Fourteenth." It^® is very well written, and pre- 
 sents a very living picture of the society at the court of 25 
 Louis Fourteenth. If the book pleases you, we shall go 
 
 ^ Use d. 8 Use falloir. ^ Feminine pi. following and agree- 
 ing with the two substantives qualified. '^^Voild. ^^ Trans. *of 
 which you noticed the beauty.' ^^Use dont. ^^gge Ex. 3, n. 6. 
 l*Mood? ^^ Juste. ^^D^autres. ^"^ Premier {^ first) is the only or- 
 dinal used to denote the numerical title of a ruler; otherwise, car- 
 dinals are employed, i^//. 
 
1 6 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 to see, one of these days, the residence of Madame de 
 Sevigne, which exists still in one of the old quarters of 
 the city. 
 
 EXERCISE 10. 
 
 One of the most interesting historical monuments that 
 5 one can^ visit at Paris (it) is the old^ residence of 
 Madame de Sevignd You remember, perhaps, that I 
 spoke of it^ to you the other day. 
 
 Yes, I remember it very well. But how does it happen* 
 that this old dwelling should be .preserved^ until our 
 JO day,^ when so many other similar edifices have disap- 
 peared ? 
 
 It must"^ be the result of chance, which is sometimes 
 very capricious. However^ it may be, the city of Paris 
 has installed there ^ a municipal museum, and they^° call 
 15 it the Carnavalet Museum, because at a certain epoch 
 the residence was inhabited by a family of that name. 
 If you had had^^ more time, I should have made" you 
 visit it. 
 
 I regret^ greatly to be forced to deprive myself of this 
 20 pleasure. If I should come^^ back to Paris later this 
 summer, I should go^^ to visit it certainly. In the mean- 
 time, I shall take^^ good note of it.^ By the way, tell 
 me where it is.^ 
 
 Near the Place de la Bastille. One can go there ^ 
 
 1 What mood in rel. clause when the antecedent is quahfied by a 
 superlative ? 2 Uge ancien. ^ Conj. pron. en. * Use sefaire. ^ Use 
 Perf. Subj. of the reflexive verb, instead of a passive construction. 
 6 Plural. "^ Use devoir. ^ See vocab. ^ Conj. adv. jj/. ^^ What pron. ? 
 11 What mood and tense in contrary to fact condition in past time? 
 ^Less vivid future condition, how expressed.? i^use Pres. tense. 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 1 7 
 
 by ^* following the grand boulevards or by^* going ^ along 
 the rue St. Antoine. It^^ is an old building with (an) 
 inner court in a quarter which was formerly occupied by 
 the nobility. The museum which they^^ have installed 
 there® comprises some Roman antiquities discovered in 5 
 the city, old pictures which represent the city at differ- 
 ent epochs of its evolution, many objects which date 
 from the Revolution, souvenirs of the Bastille, and 
 finally, several personal effects of Napoleon. One of the 
 most interesting apartments (it) is the boudoir of Mad- 10 
 ame de Sevign^, which they^^ have left exactly as it was 
 in her lifetime.^ One can very well picture to oneself 
 the circle of intimate friends who gathered there® in^^ 
 the seventeenth century. If you have read^"^ the come- 
 dies of Moli^re and the memoirs of the time, you can 15 
 very easily picture to yourself the conversations which 
 used to take place ^^ in thisjittle apartment. 
 
 EXERCISE 11. 
 
 I have just^ spent a very agreeable afternoon. 
 
 What have you done? 
 
 Those American ladies whom we saw at the theatre 20 
 Wednesday evening invited me to accompany them to 
 the Bois de" Boulogne. We took a carriage by^ the hour, 
 and by chance we found a very presentable coachman 
 and a tolerably good horse. 
 
 These ladies are very pretty, from^ what' I was able 25 
 to see of them* the other evening. 
 
 ^^£n. '^^Vse ce. ^^Vse d. ^^ Simple condition, how expressed ? 
 18 Use avoir lieu ; what tense expresses repeated action in past time ? 
 ^See vocab. ^Use a, ^Ce que. *Conj. pron. en. 
 
1 8 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 Yes, the two girls are charming. The elder is fair* 
 
 haired and the other (a) brunette. The niothqr is a 
 
 very agreeable woman. Neither^ she nor her daughters 
 
 speak a word of French; so^ that I have been very use- 
 
 5 ful to them during the drive. 
 
 Where is the husband? 
 
 Oh, he is in America, occupied with® his business 
 
 which he has not been able to leave. He will come to 
 
 get"^ them in^ the month of October. In the meantime, 
 
 lo they are going to visit Italy,^ Switzerland^ and Germany.^ 
 
 Take care^ not to fall in love.^ There's^ a friendly 
 piece ^ of advice which I give you free of charge. 
 
 I thank you for it* with® all my heart. Have no fear. 
 I'll take care^ not to do it. 
 15 Very well. But by the way, you were telling me 
 (about) your drive. Where did you go in the Bois? 
 
 We went around^ the lake. Then we got out of the 
 carriage and hired a boat. After having spent^ a half 
 hour in^° rowing, we took some refreshments at the res- 
 20 taurant by® the edge of the lake. There were a great 
 many^ people and an orchestra. I know nothing (of) 
 more charming than to® listen to music in the open^ air. 
 
 Well, you have^^ only to choose. Every morning in 
 the newspapers one can read the programmes of the con- 
 25 certs which ^^ are going to be given (in) the afternoon 
 in the gardens and public squares of the city. 
 
 ^ What mood in a result clause? See vocab. j^. ^\Jse de. "^Use 
 chercher. ^ Names of continents, countries and provinces always 
 take the def. art. when standing as subject or object of a verb. 
 ^What part of the verb will follow all preps, except en? i*^Usea, 
 followed by Inf. 11 Use avoir y followed by a H- Inf. 12 jrans. * which 
 one is going to give.' 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 1 9 
 
 Oh, I know it. They^^ are beginning to do the same 
 thing in the principal^* American cities, and a consider- 
 able interest has been remarked on^ the part^ of the 
 public. Several times a^^ week one can hear very good 
 music in the parks without paying^ anything. 
 
 EXERCISE 12. 
 
 Here is a letter from my mother, which I received by 
 the mail that has just^ arrived. It was written the 5th.^ 
 This^ is the i3th.^ It is incredible that it should require* 
 only eight days in order ^ that it should pass from her 
 hands to mine. lo 
 
 You have good news from home,^ I hope. 
 
 Very good, I thank you. Everybody is^ well. My 
 father is still at home,^ but intends to pass the month of 
 September in the mountains. He likes to hunt and to 
 fish. As for my mother and my sister, they are at the 15 
 seashore just now,^ where they are having a very good 
 time.^ They return to the city in a short time,^ before 
 my father's departure. They must'' arrange (themselves) 
 so^ that the house shall not be entirely empty. More- 
 over, my brother John has not been able to obtain any 20 
 leave of absence in the office where he works; conse- 
 quently, he will stay necessarily at home.^ It appears 
 that the other evening he came^ near being killed in an 
 
 l^What pron. ? 1* Precedes noun. '^^ Par, 
 
 1 See vocab. 2 Use the cardinal number, expressed by the figure. 
 *Trans. *it is today the 13th.' *Use Pres. Subj. oi falloir. ^ Use 
 pour que; followed by what mood in purpose clause? ®Use aller, 
 ''\Jse falloir. ^Use de fagon que; followed by what mood in pur- 
 pose clause? 
 
20 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 automobile accident. With the chauffeur he had a narrow 
 escape,^ but he got^ out of it® safe^ and sound, except 
 some scratches. 
 
 He had luck. Things ^° do not happen" always that 
 5 way.^ One sees every day in the newspapers the details 
 of some frightful accident. 
 
 It is all the more^ serious with^^ us, because^ the roads 
 are not so good as in Europe, and because^ many indi- 
 viduals absolutely without experience amuse themselves 
 10 by^^ driving their automobiles at a dangerous speed. It 
 seems that they care^ nothing about the rights of (the) 
 pedestrians. The simplest^* (thing) to do is to yield 
 to them the right ^ of way. 
 
 Well, it used to be^^ like that in France a few years ^* 
 15 ago. Now accidents ^° are relatively rare. The rights of 
 the public are safe-guarded by laws which are respected 
 on both sides.^ 
 
 It^^ was the same way^ with the electric cars at first.^^ 
 In our large cities it was a veritable massacre of the in- 
 20 nocents. A child used to run^^ in front of the car, the 
 mother used to scream,^^ the motor-man stopped ^^ the car 
 as soon as possible, and they carried ^^ away the poor un- 
 fortunate to the hospital. Oh, that used to happen ^^ 
 every day. 
 
 EXERCISE 13. 
 
 25 I went to see Notre Dame yesterday for the first time. 
 What (a) jewel of gothic architecture, isn't it? 
 
 ^Conj. pron. ^«. ^^ Should the * general' article be used ? i^Use 
 arriver. ^Chez. i^Use a, i* Trans, 'the simplest, it is to yield, 
 etc' ^ Tense ? i^ Use annee, i"^ //. is ^ i^^r d^but 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 21 
 
 Yes. I,^ who live in Paris, (I) go from time to time 
 to admire its beautiful fa9ade. I know nothing (of) more 
 impressive than the great western portal with the gallery 
 of the kings of the Old Testament above. But one 
 ought ^ to stand opposite, on^ the other side of the cathe- 5 
 dral square,^ to appreciate the admirable proportions of 
 the fagade. They^ claim that the fagade of the cathedral 
 of Reims is of a purer style; but for me, our cathedral 
 leaves* nothing to be desired.^ Did you go* around it?"^ 
 Did you admire the flying-buttresses.'' 10 
 
 Yes, I crossed the bridge, even, and from the other 
 side of the Seine I had a magnificent view of the flying- 
 buttresses and of the ensemble of the edifice. Then 
 I retraced my steps and went in (to it).® They^ were 
 celebrating (the) High Mass. So I sat down at the 15 
 back of the nave and listened to the organ and the mys- 
 terious words of the priests who were officiating at the 
 High Altar. The beadle espied me, and I paid® him two 
 sous for a chair. 
 
 You did well to go on^^ Sunday. One avoids the crowd 20 
 of curious (people) and the tourists who allow themselves 
 to be dragged® along by" a guide who has no regard ^^ for 
 the sacredness of the place. 
 
 When it is possible, I always^* visit the churches on^® 
 Sunday. These enormous edifices have been constructed 25 
 
 1 Emphatic nominative. ^Use falloir, ^De. *See vocab. 
 ^ What pron. ? ^ An active Inf. has passive force diiier faircy laissevy 
 entendrey etc. ''Conj. pron. en. ^Conj. pron. j. ^ Payer takes the 
 Dat. of the person paid, the Ace. of the object paid for and of the 
 price paid; the price is expressed last. ^^ Le. ^^The agent is de- 
 noted by par when a specific intention or a definite volition is im- 
 plied, as here; othermse, by de, ^^pjural. ^^ Position.? 
 
22 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 to receive a vast multitude of worshippers who wished 
 to prostrate themselves before their God. Without the 
 presence of a numerous congregation of (the) faithful, 
 they make an impression upon me^* at once sad and 
 5 gloomy. However, they^^ are always majestic and 
 grandiose. 
 
 I am entirely of your opinion. For me, the impression 
 is everything. There are some ^® individuals who insist 
 upon^^ inspecting the treasury, the relics, the crypt and 
 10 the stained-glass windows, who enter all the chapels, and 
 go into raptures before the wood sculptures and the cap- 
 itals of the pillars. They inspect everything in detail, 
 so to speak.* But I am like you. I like to lose myself 
 in the grandeur of the interior and to meditate. 
 
 EXERCISE 14. 
 
 15 Yesterday at the cafe I met one of my friends who is 
 at Paris for his studies in^ philosophy. I have known ^ 
 him for (a) long time, but I lost him from sight two 
 years ago and did not know^ that he had devoted* him- 
 self to (the) advanced* studies. He told me that he is 
 
 20 working at his thesis at the National Library, and that 
 at^ the same time* he is following the courses of the 
 College de France and of the Sorbonne. 
 
 Is he preparing himself for"^ (the) higher* instruction 
 in"^ the United States? 
 
 i^Conj. pron. ^^ Refers to what? 1® Partitive construction. 
 17 Use a. 
 
 "^De. 2"(jse Pres. Ind. with ^«?/2//j-. ^imperfect. ^ What mood 
 after expression of knowing, when uncertainty is implied by nega- 
 tion ? ^ See vocab. ^ En. "^ Use a. 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 23 
 
 I suppose so,^ although he said^ nothing about it.^*^ He 
 told me that there are a great many Americans in the 
 Latin Quarter, serious-minded young men," graduates" 
 for the most part of our colleges and of our universities. 
 
 I do not doubt ^ it. The young men of every nation 5 
 come there ^^ to profit^ by the technical instruction in the 
 arts and sciences. And do not deceive yourself (about 
 it).^* ¥nder the appearance of a frivolous gaiety and of 
 a careless existence, the students of the Latin Quarter 
 work seriously. 10 
 
 That is natural. In the first place, the competition in 
 the different careers is so intense in France that one 
 must^* distinguish himself by his diligence as well as by 
 his intelligence in order to gain a situation. As for us^^ 
 foreigners, it is evident that he^ who spends his savings 15 
 in order to study in France desires to derive from his 
 stay abroad as much profit as possible. 
 
 Of course. Doubtless there are some individuals, for- 
 eigners" as well as Frenchmen," who do nothing, and 
 who waste their father's money. But it is the exception. 20 
 If I had^® the time, I should like" to attend the courses 
 of the College de France. 
 
 It is really a pity that you should be^^ so hurried. 
 The courses of the College de France are less attended 
 than those of the Sorbonne. It is because they are more 25 
 technical and less popular. For instance, instead of 
 
 "^ Le. ^What mood in concessive clause? ^^Conj. pron. en. 
 11 Noun in apposition, without art. or partitive construction. 
 i^Conj. adv. y. ^^Conj. pron. y. '^^X^SQfalloir^ followed by Pres. 
 Subj. ^^ Nous autres, ^^ What mood and tense in present contrary 
 to fact condition? ^'^Use vouloir Men. ^^What mood follows 
 expression of emotion or sentiment ? 
 
24 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 giving^® a lecture on the novel in"^ the nineteenth century, 
 or on the comedies of Moliere, at the College de France 
 the professor (the) most often chooses some old text of 
 the Middle Age, reads extracts from it,^^ makes a com- 
 5 mentary upon the language, points out its importance, 
 and so^ on. 
 
 EXERCISE 15. 
 
 Ah! What beautiful flowers! Where did you buy 
 them? What are you going to do with them?^ 
 
 You would laugh 2 if you knew^ where I bought them. 
 
 10 But never mind, I prefer to be frank. By chance I awoke 
 very early this morning, and after having tried ^ vainly 
 to go to sleep "* again, I decided to get up and take** a 
 walk. Six o'clock had just* struck when I went out from 
 the hotel. I have often heard the flower-market spoken* 
 
 15 of, and I said to myself^ "here is the chance to visit it." 
 The morning^ air was fresh and delicious. They"^ had 
 just sprinkled the boulevards, people"^ were opening the 
 stores, — in short, Paris was awaking. I went along the 
 Seine, and found myself all of a sudden on the Quai aux 
 
 20 Fleurs. What an animated and brilliant scene ! Onfall 
 sides old women seated behind baskets of flowers. I 
 had* only to choose. It was an embarrassment of riches. 
 While I was admiring the display, I caught sight of a 
 magnificent bouquet of white roses in the basket of an 
 
 ^Conj. pron. gn, ^ Contrary to fact condition in present time; 
 how expressed ? ^ Use Perf . Inf. of essay er after apres, * See vocab. 
 ^Conj. reflex, pron. ^ Trans, 'the air of the morning.' "^What 
 pron. ? ® Use de. 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 25 
 
 old woman who had a benevolent air and who was seated 
 under an immense umbrella. I bargained for these flowers 
 five minutes, not® because the price did not suit^° me, 
 but because her conversation amused me. Finally, I 
 paid* three francs for them,^^ and I am very satisfied 5 
 with ^ my purchase. 
 
 It^^ is not dear, to be sure.* Flowers^* are very cheap 
 in the season. In (the) Autumn it is^* the chrysanthe- 
 mums, and in winter the violets, which they sell every- 
 where at two or three sous a^^ bunch. But you have not 10 
 yet told me what* you are going to do with^ the flowers. 
 One gives, ordinarily, white roses to the lady of one's heart. 
 
 Well, you are not entirely right, but I intend them 
 for^® a lady of whom I am very fond. I shall send them 
 to Madame Blanc, at whose house* we dined, you know, 15 
 a fortnight ago. 
 
 Very well ! That is very gallant 
 
 EXERCISE 16. 
 
 How tired ^ I am ! I have spent all day^ in* shopping. 
 Before leaving Paris, I needed* to buy some souvenirs 
 for my family. 20 
 
 Did you find what you wanted?^ 
 
 Yes, I succeeded tolerably^ well, and I am glad to have 
 finished with it.® The great difficulty (it)"^ was to find 
 something which should suit^ my father. Finally, I 
 
 ^Non, '^^ Imperieci of convemr. ^^Conj. pron. ^Ce. ^^ Should 
 the def. art. be used ? ^^Cesont. ^^Le. ^^Use i. 
 
 1 Position ? 2 Use journee. ^ Use a. * Use falloir, ^ See vocab. 
 ^Conj. pron. en. ''Use ce. ^Use convenir; what mood, in rel. 
 clause of characteristic following an indef. antecedent? 
 
26 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITJfON 
 
 bought two pairs of gloves and a cigar-holder of ^ meer- 
 schaum. It is not worth ^ the trouble to buy him^° a briar 
 pipe, since he never smokes a^^ pipe. As for (the) 
 gloves, one never has too many of them.^ 
 5 What did you choose for your mother ^^ and your 
 sister ?^^ 
 
 For that, it was necessary to search (a) long time in 
 the rue de Rivoli and in the Palais Royal. But I did 
 not find anything there which suited^ me. I had decided 
 
 lo to postpone the purchase to another day, when the idea 
 came to me to explore the rue de la Paix. By chance, 
 at that moment, an omnibus was passing which was not 
 full on top.^ I climbed up on it^^ and had five good 
 minutes of rest before getting down at the Place de TOpera. 
 
 1$ If you made your purchases (in the) rue de la Paix, 
 you have paid^ rather dearly for them. It is not there 
 that one goes to save^ money. 
 
 I believe^ it. But I desired something (of) stylish, 
 you understand; and when one buys presents, one does 
 
 20 not wish to be deceived. Well, I bought an excellent 
 opera-glass for my mother. Then for my sister my choice 
 fixed itself upon a very pretty parasol. It was difficult 
 to make a choice among the numerous varieties which ^^ 
 were shown to me. But I know quite well the taate of 
 
 25 my sister, and I do not think that^^ I made a mistake. 
 • In any case, let us hope^^ not.^"^ I congratulate you. 
 
 '^ En. i*^Case? '^'^La. ^^jn gp^aking to a person of his relatives, 
 it is polite to say * Madame votre mere,' ' Mademoiselle votre 
 scEur,* etc. ^^Conj. pron. j^/. ^* Trans, 'which one made me see.* 
 15 An Inf. construction usually replaces a que clause of which the 
 subject is the same as that of the principal clause. ^^ Imperative. 
 I'^In indirect discourse 'oui' and 'non' are introduced by que. 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 2*J 
 
 You are an accomplished shopper. You must^^ announce 
 to me the success of your choice when you are^^ back^ 
 at home again. 
 
 EXERCISE 17. 
 
 Ladies and gentlemen, we enter through^ here. We 
 are now crossing the drawbridge which served^ formerly 5 
 to connect the stronghold with the rest of the city. As 
 you see, the chateau was entirely surrounded by^ a moat, 
 but for (a) long time the moat has been^ empty.* 
 
 I beg pardon, Mademoiselle, but before going farther, 
 will* you tell us what^ is the date of the construction of 10 
 the chateau? 
 
 They^ claim that its construction dates from the end 
 of the twelfth century. Such as you see it today, we^ 
 cannot assign it to a date more remote than the middle 
 of the fourteenth century. This tower, which you see 15 
 over there on (the) right, occupies the site of the old 
 dungeon, of which they ^discovered the foundations quite 
 recently while "^ making some repairs. 
 
 Does this chateau belong to the government? 
 
 Yes, sir. It^ was acquired under Napoleon III, who 20 
 transformed it into'' (a) national monument. We enter* 
 now the guard-room, one of the most beautiful apart- 
 ments of the chateau. It'^ was here that the guards 
 who were not on duty* used to amuse ^ themselves by^^ 
 
 18 Use Fut. Ind. of falloir, followed by Subj. i^Use Fut. Ind. 
 
 ^Par. 2 What tense? ^Use de. *See vocab. ^Interrogative 
 adj. 6 What pron. ? '^ En. ^Use active construction, with indef. 
 pron. as subject. ^What complementary prep, is used with entrer? 
 See vocab. '^^ Use ce, ^^ Use a, followed by what part of the verb ? 
 
28 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 chatting or by" playing at,^^ cards. Notice the vaulted 
 ceiling and the bow-windows which look* out on the 
 court of honor. I shall show you now the private apart- 
 ments which are upstairs. This* is the apartment 
 5 called ^^ the king's bed-chamber. The furniture is not of 
 the period, of course. It^* is modern. Someone had 
 the idea of making ^^ a hole in the wall, you see. Through 
 this opening one can see into the chapel below. Now 
 we shall descend this winding staircase, we shall cross 
 10 the chapel, and^^ we shall be back again at the entrance 
 gate. 
 
 Is it permitted to walk^"^ in the park of the chateau? 
 
 Yes, sir, certainly. If you have the time, you will do 
 
 well to go to^^ the other end^^ of the terrace, whence 
 
 15 you^° have an excellent view of the ensemble of the 
 
 chateau. 
 
 Thank you, Mademoiselle. Goodbye. 
 
 EXERCISE 18. 
 
 Hurry, my friend. Let us get^ out quickly. Will^ 
 you pay^ the driver, while I run to get the tickets? We 
 20 have only three minutes. You will find me at the ticket- 
 window. . . . 
 
 Two second^ (class tickets) for Fontainebleau, and* 
 return, please. How much? 
 
 Ten francs, sir. . . . 
 
 ^Aux, 18 Z>//. "^^ Masculine pl.f referring to les meud/es, ^^Use 
 pratiquer, ^^ Et nous serons de retour, ^"^ Use se promener, ^^/usqu'd. 
 ^^BouL ^Von, 
 
 1 Imperative, ^gee vocab. ^ Trans. * two seconds* (f. pi., agree- 
 ing with classes understood). * Render *alier et retour* 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 29 
 
 Ah, there ^ you are. Now, this^ way. We have no 
 time to lose. (To an employee) Tell me, please,- where 
 are the compartments reserved for^ smokers? 
 
 What class, sir.? 
 
 Second. 5 
 
 At the other end"^ of the train, sir. All this is third 
 class, except some compartments reserved for^ ladies^ 
 alone. 
 
 Ah, here is one (of them).^° Get in quickly. The em- 
 ployee is on the point of closing (the door). Sit down 10 
 there in the corner. I shall sit opposite. Put your 
 things in the rack, won't you? That^^ is it. Well, we 
 have had luck to find a compartment that is^^ not occu- 
 pied. Sometimes these express trains are crowded a half 
 hour before the hour of (the) departure. We came^ near 15 
 missing the train. If we had had^' baggage to have^* 
 registered, we should have missed ^^ it. 
 
 We are starting. What time^ have you by ^^ your 
 watch ? 
 
 Five^' minutes past ten. We are on time,^ — or very 20 
 near^ it. Have you a newspaper? 
 
 No, I have nothing to read. But that makes no dif- 
 ference.^ If you find something (of) interesting in yours, 
 you will tell it to me. Otherwise, I shall amuse myself 
 by" looking out of the window^ or in" taking^"^ a little 25 
 nap. Will^ you permit me to lower the sash? 
 
 Why, certainly. It is" so warm that a draught will 
 
 ^Parici, ^ Aux. '^ Bout, ^ Pour. ^Use def. art. i<^Conj. pron. 
 en, ^^ Trans. *it*s that/ ^The Ind. is used in an adjectival rel. 
 clause to express what is regarded as a fact. ^^ Contrary to fact 
 condition in past time, how expressed ? 1* Use faircy followed by 
 active Inf. i^Use a, ^^ Trans, 'ten o'clock five.* ^"^ Use /.a/r^. 
 
30 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 do US good.^^ But you will not see much.^^ The run 
 from Paris to Fontainebleau decidedly ^^ lacks charm. 
 The environs of Paris are scarcely of (a) palpitating in- 
 terest, and farther on the country ^^ is rather monotonous. 
 5 However, we do not have to complain. By the express 
 we shall be at Fontainebleau in ^^ an hour. 
 
 EXERCISE 19. 
 
 I met one of my friends last evening^ who has just^ 
 made the tour of the world. He related to me several of 
 his experiences which were extremely interesting. I 
 
 10 asked him^ how he had got^ along in the different coun- 
 tries which he had visited. I did not think^ that he 
 spoke* any other language than (the) English. But it 
 appears that at the moment of his departure from Amer- 
 ica he had been studying^ (the) French seriously foi 
 
 15 two years. He had followed the courses of the Berlitz 
 School. Do you know what^ that is? 
 
 Oh, yes. There are (some) of them^ here at Paris, as 
 everywhere. They^ teach you to speak a foreign lan- 
 guage according to a certain practical system which 
 
 20 sometimes accomplishes wonders. 
 
 Yes, that^ is it. I have often heard these courses 
 spoken^ of, but I have never known anybody^ who had 
 followed ^° them so conscientiously. 
 
 18Z)« bien. "^^Grand^ chose. 20 with fg^ exceptions, adverbs 
 stand immediately after the verb, ^i Uge pays. ^Dans. 
 
 ^See vocab. ^c^se? ^ Imperfect Ind. of croire. *What mood 
 follows a verb of 'knowing' in the negative, when doubt is ex- 
 pressed? ^Imperfect lY^d^.-^xXh-depuis. ^Conj. pron. en. "^What 
 pron.? 8 Trans, 'it's that.' ^Active Inf. immediately following 
 main verb. ^^^ What mood in an adjectival rel. clause following a 
 general negation.? 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 3 1 
 
 He did well to learn (the) French before setting out 
 for a long trip. It is certain that with (the) English 
 and (the) French one can go everywhere. French ^^ is 
 spoken more or less in all the South of Europe.^^ Nat- 
 urally, the Italians and the Spaniards learn (the) French 5 
 and neglect ( the ) German. On the other hand,^ every well- 
 educated German speaks French. Asf or the Orient, all the 
 official world there ^^ speaks either^* English or^* French. 
 
 There are people,^^ however, who claim that (the) Ger- 
 man is more useful than (the) French for the tourist. 10 
 That must^^ be explained ^"^ by the fact that there are 
 many more Germans than French in^^ the United States. 
 Consequently, people ^^ attribute to (the) German an 
 exaggerated importance. 
 
 Well, that depends upon^ the point of view. Doubt- 15 
 less, (the) German is more useful than (the) French in^^ 
 commerce. Probably for (the) Americans (the) Span- 
 ish is more useful than either^ one. But when one has 
 in^^ view an international language in which ^ one can 
 make himself understood^ by the greatest number of 20 
 cultivated people^ in the civilized world, it seems to me 
 that (the) English and (the) French outweigh all the 
 other modern languages; unless Esperanto be destined ^^ 
 to play an important role in^^ the future. 
 
 EXERCISE 20. 
 
 Hello ! I was not expecting you so soon. You are an 25 
 
 ^^Use active construction with indef. pron. subject. ^Is the def. 
 art. required? "^^ La-bas. '^^Soit. '^^Des individus. ^^Use devoir. 
 17 Inf. of reflex, verb, i^ Use a. i^ Jndef . pron. 20 Use de. 21 Dans, 
 ^'^En. '^^Laquelle. 24^ctive Inf. immediately following faire, 
 25 Use gens. 26 w hat mood ? 
 
32 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 early riser. I have just^ come down. Sit down a mo- 
 ment while I take a cup of coffee and munch a roll. 
 
 It is^ really cool this morning, you know. Do you 
 have often (a) weather like this^ in August? 
 5 No, it* is the exception. But you must^ take precau- 
 tions. Take care^ not to catch cold. You have not 
 put on your overcoat ? 
 
 No, I did not have the courage to take^ it out of my 
 trunk. But if it is going to be^ (a) weather like this,^ 
 lo I shall be forced to be more prudent. It would not be 
 amusing at all^ to catch a cold and keep^ the room dur- 
 ing a week^ or so. I suppose that the French doctors 
 are excellent, but I shall be satisfied not to make ac- 
 quaintance with them. 
 IS Oh, there is no danger, reassure yourself. Besides, 
 when we go'' out we shall walk^ fast. You have been at 
 Paris in^ winter, have you not? 
 
 I should say^ so. . I have never suffered as much^^ from 
 the cold, not even in® Italy. There was no way^ to get 
 20 warm.^ In our bachelor's apartment we froze. My 
 chum and I, we came^ near ruining ourselves in trying 
 vainly to warm our apartment. Wood and coal are so 
 dear^^ in France. 
 
 In many of the houses which are being constructed^^ 
 
 25 at present they^^ are installing furnaces. We have done 
 
 well to imitate the Americans, who heat the inside of 
 
 their houses to a moderate temperature. 
 
 ■ Well, there was no furnace in the house where we 
 
 iSee vocab. ^\Jsq faire. ^ Qa, *Use ce. ^Vsq falloir. ^ Re- 
 peat de before this Inf. "^ Fut. Ind. ^ Use marcher. ^ What prep. ? 
 i<* Use autant, ^^ M. pi. "^ Use active construction with indef . pron, 
 subject. 13 What pron. ? 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 33 
 
 lived.^* We used to pass^^ all day in^^ attending the 
 courses of the University, in^^ visiting the museums 
 which were heated, and in^® working at the studio. It 
 goes without saying that we saw the spring come^'^ with 
 joy. . S 
 
 EXERCISE 21. 
 
 You know^ the Cafd Rouge? 
 
 I should say^ so. Every good Parisian knows it. I 
 go there often. 
 
 Well, I was there last evening with some American 
 friends. The whole party had spent the day^ in^ visit- lo 
 ing the two most disgusting sights that one can^ imagine: 
 the sewers and the morgue. 
 
 For my part, I have never well understood what^ (the) 
 foreigners find (of) amusing in such^ places. Individ- 
 uals who have a cultivated taste and who would avoid 15 
 everything^ that is disagreeable in their own country 
 run to visit the morgue as soon^ as they arrive at Paris. 
 
 What do you expect?^ One does often abroad what^ 
 one would never do at home. People'' have talked so^ 
 much about the morgue that the inexperienced traveler 20 
 ends by believing^ that it is really something (of) extra- 
 ordinary, — one of the public monuments, so to speak.^ 
 
 There is nothing (of) more lugubrious than the 
 
 i^Use demeurer; what tense? i^What tense? ^^Use a. ^'^ After 
 fairey laisser^ voir, entendre, what must be the position of the de- 
 pendent Inf.? 
 
 ^Use connaitre. ^gee vocab. ^Use joumee. *What prep.? 
 ^ What mood in rel. clause of characteristic following a suj>erlative ? 
 ^Use pareily with partitive construction. ^Indef. pron. ^What 
 part of the verb is governed by all preps, except en? 
 
34 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 morgue, and I intend^ to go there only in case of need. 
 But in regard to the concert, did you have a good time?^ 
 Oh, yes. The hall is somewhat gloomy, you know (it), 
 but the music was excellent and the audience was very 
 5 interesting. .There were even a great many American 
 ladies, ^° — students ^^ and artists ^^ doubtless, who go 
 there ^^ because it^^ is a perfectly respectable place ^* where 
 one can go without compromising^ oneself. The pro- 
 gramme included^^ several classical pieces, two or three 
 
 10 popular airs of a light ^ opera, and then^^ the leader played 
 a solo in^^ a masterly fashion. 
 
 All the members of the orchestra are first-class musi- 
 cians,^^ for the most part first prize ^^ (men) of the Con- 
 servatory. And everything is so cheap. You pay^ for 
 
 15 your refreshments one franc twenty-five, (as a) fixed 
 price, and that gives you the right to stay all the even- 
 ing ^^ and to hear an orchestra which 4s certainly one^^ 
 of the best of the capital. 
 
 EXERCISE 22. 
 
 Do you know the piece of news.^ 
 20 No, what?^ 
 
 Why, the ministry is orerthrown. M. R. has just^ 
 sent his resignation to the President of the Republic. 
 
 Excuse^ me. I do not understand. Was M. R. the 
 head^ of the Cabinet? 
 
 ^Use compter bien. i^Omit, putting the proper adj. in the f. 
 i^In apposition, without partitive construction or def. art. ^^Conj. 
 adv. y. 13 Use ce. ^^Use endroit. -^^ Imperfect Ind. ^^Use puis, 
 1'^ Use de. ^^ Use partititive construction and def. art., because the 
 noun in apposition has a qualifying adj. 1^ Use j'^^VrV. "^ Vun. 
 
 "^Laquelle, 2 gee vocab. 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 35 
 
 Yes, he was President of the Council, and it is upon him 
 that falls* all the responsibility of the measures taken by 
 the Ministry. 
 
 Well, why did he resign? 
 
 Because the Deputies have not wished to ratify the 5 
 bill which he presented yesterday to the Chamber. By 
 its vote the Chamber protested against the policy of re- 
 pression into which the government has entered* toward 
 the Church. It is a new chapter to^ add to the long 
 history of the separation of the Church and (of the) 10 
 State. 
 
 But tell me, what is going to happen ^ now ? 
 
 In the first place,^ the President of the Republic has 
 had® to accept the resignation of the Ministry. He 
 could not do otherwise. It is necessary now that he 15 
 should find as soon^ as possible a senator or a deputy 
 who possesses'^ (a) considerable authority, and who 
 pleases'' the majority of the two Chambers. 
 
 And next? 
 
 Well, if he^ whom the President has summoned accepts 20 
 the task which is imposed upon him,^ he will begin ^ 
 to look for the men of experience to whom he wishes to 
 entrust the other portfolios. There are eleven ministers 
 in the Cabinet. In addition to those whom you have 
 in^° the United States, there is the Minister of (the) 25 
 Public Works, the Minister of (the) Public Education, 
 and the Minister of the Colonies. 
 
 Do the ministries change often in France? 
 
 Yes, quite often. The same thing happens ^^ in Eng- 
 
 8 Use retomber, *Use s* engager, ^Use a. ^Use devoir, "^What 
 mood in a rel. clause of characteristic following an indef. antece- 
 dent ? 8 Conj . pron. ^ Use j^ mettre. '^^ W hat prep. ? ^^ Use arriven 
 
36 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 land, in Spain and in Italy in the same circumstances. 
 There is absolutely nothing to^ fear. Only it is to^ be 
 regretted ^^ that the crisis should have produced ^^ itself 
 now, when (the) foreign affairs are more or less in con- 
 5 fusion. 
 
 EXERCISE 23. 
 
 I met last evening by chance one of my friends, of 
 whom I have already spoken to you, and who is follow- 
 ing the courses at^ the Sorbonne. He invited me to 
 come to see his apartment. 
 10 Where does he live? 
 
 He occupies with a chum a little apartment in a fine 
 house (on the) Boulevard Saint-Michel opposite the Lux- 
 embourg Garden. It^ is a tiny apartment on^ the fifth 
 floor which looks out on the court-yard. He says that 
 15 the large apartments which look out on the boulevard 
 are very expensive, much too expensive for the purse of 
 (the) students. 
 
 I should say* so. Those who rent the luxurious apart- 
 ments in that quarter are^ professors,^ physicians,^ sena- 
 20 tors,^ — rich bourgeois.® OV how many rooms is your 
 friend's apartment composed? 
 
 Let us see. There is, in the first place,* a little corri- 
 dor, very narrow and badly lighted, giving access to two 
 little bed-rooms; then,^ there is a large salon, very well 
 
 12 Use active Inf. i^what mood, following verb of emotion? 
 
 !/><?. 2User<r. 8 Use a. *Seevocab. ^ Ce sont. ^ Use parti- 
 tive construction with the def. art. "^ Trans. *Of how many 
 rooms the apartment of your friend does it compose itself.* 
 ^ Puis, 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 37 
 
 lighted. In one of the bed-rooms they have installed a 
 gas-stove on which they prepare the coffee for the first 
 breakfast. The baker brings up the rolls, and the milk 
 is brought^ from a neighboring milk-shop. Thus, my 
 friend has only to open his door and to light the gas. 5 
 While he is dressing, his breakfast is heating. They 
 take the other meals at the restaurant. Thus, one is 
 able to dispense with a servant girl, for it is the janitor's 
 wife who does the rooms.^® 
 
 What rent does your friend pay? Of course the apart- 10 
 ment was not furnished. 
 
 Oh, no. They had" to buy furniture. My friend told 
 me that they pay eight hundred ^^ francs a year.^' The 
 service must^* be reckoned separately. 
 
 It^ is not much. In (the) cases of this kind" one 15 
 pays to the janitor a given price^ for^^ the care of the 
 apartment and for^® the other services which he renders 
 to the tenants of the house. 
 
 EXERCISE 24. 
 
 The maintenance of a standing army must^ cost dear 
 to France. 20 
 
 Yes. Like the majority of the other European coun- 
 tries, France spends each year enormous sums for her 
 army and her navy. Without counting the other disad- 
 vantages of the system, the budget of 1904 amounts to 
 the awful total of almost^ two billions, that is to say, of 25 
 
 ^\JsQ apporter in active construction, with indef. pron. subject. 
 1^ Use chambre. ^^ Use falloir. ^^ Cent or centSy immediately pre- 
 ceding a noun? ^^ Par an, ^^ Use devoir, ^^ \Jsq £-enre, "^^Pour, 
 
 ^ Use devoir, ^ Pr^s de. 
 
3^ FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 four hundred^ millions of dollars for the expenses of a 
 military order. 
 
 What is the duration of the military service ? 
 
 After the war with Prussia everybody had ^ to do five 
 
 5 years of service, with* the exception of certain classes of 
 privileged militiamen. In 1889 the law lowered^ the 
 duration of service to three years, and in 1905 a law 
 was voted which established a military service of two 
 years for all,^ without exception. 
 
 10 I am riot surprised that a reform should have been de- 
 manded."^ The expense for her army must^ be crushing 
 for France. 
 
 They^ have proposed several modifications for* this 
 military organization. Some^ favor the creation of an 
 
 15 army composed of professional soldiers, who would pass 
 all their life at the barracks, and who would constitute, 
 so to speak,^ the kernel around which, in case of war, the 
 rest of the citizens would group ^^ themselves; others^ 
 demand an army of militia, as in Switzerland. The in- 
 
 20 terests of the different classes are opposed ( there ).^^ It^^ 
 is a very grave question which interests everyone and 
 which is still far from being settled. 
 
 EXERCISE 25. 
 
 I should like^ to take^ a trip in (an) automobile. 
 There is nothing (of) easier. Nowadays everybody 
 25 travels in (an) automobile. It^ is very convenient for 
 
 2 See Ex. 23, n. 12. *Use a. ^Use abaisser, ^M. pi. ''What mood 
 after expression of emotion? ^What pron. ? ^See vocab. i<^ Sing., 
 to agree with the grammatical subject. ^^Conj. adv.^. ^Use^^. 
 
 ^Use vouloir bien, ^^gg vocab. ^Use ce» 
 
FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 39 
 
 (the) travelers. One can hire the automobile, the chauf- 
 feur, and everything that one wants by* the hour, by* 
 the day, by* the week, or by* the month. One finds 
 garages in all the provincial towns as^ well as at Paris. 
 It is the chauffeur who takes charge of everything. 5 
 It is dear, but one is free and one has a good time.^ 
 
 Are the provincial hotels good ? 
 
 In general, they are excellent. Twenty years ago the 
 provincial hotels left, it appears,^ much to* be desired.® 
 But since then^ the Touring-Club has assumed^ the task 10 
 of improving everything. Now, with few exceptions,^ 
 everything is clean, sanitary and well kept up. 
 
 One ought to be grateful^ to the Touring-Club for the 
 good services that it has rendered to the public. Have 
 you ever taken ^ a trip in Touraine? 15 
 
 Yes. The valley of the Loire (it)"' is the finest thing 
 in France. One meets nowhere more favorable con- 
 ditions for a trip in (an) automobile: perfect roads,^ no 
 hills, first-class hotels,^ and many historic sites to* visit. 
 For instance, in the environs of Tours, which is at the 20 
 centre of all this region, there are at least a score of mag- 
 nificent chateaux of which each one can be visited in a 
 single^ day. (In) the morning, after having obtained ^° 
 the necessary information, you arrange your plans for 
 the day. Then you telephone or telegraph to the hotel 25 
 which you have chosen as (the) goal of your expedi- 
 tion, in order that the lunch may be waiting ^^ for you 
 
 *Use ^. ^ Parait-iL ^ After/<z/r^, /^/jj^r, etc., an active Inf. has 
 passive force. ^ C^est ce quHl y a de plus beau, ^ Simple apposi- 
 tion, without partitive construction or def. art. ^ Une meme 
 journee, ^^ Use prendre, ^^ What mood in a purpose clause .-* 
 
40 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 at^^ your arrival. (In) the evening you are back^ again 
 at your point of departure. 
 
 It' must^' be delightful to travel like that. I regret 
 that my letter of credit is^* exhausted. I leave for 
 5 America ^^ next week. I shall always keep the recollec- 
 tion of my stay in France and of your kindness during 
 the charming days spent with^^ you. 
 
 ^ Des. 13 Use devoir, i* W hat mood, following verb of emotion ? 
 ^ Def. art. is required with/^^^r, ^^ Use aupres de. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 SLy an, un, une. 
 
 able ; to be — , pouvoir, 
 
 abOUt| {concerning) de ; {around) 
 
 autour de; {nearly) a peupres, 
 
 environ ; — //, en. 
 above, prep.y au-dessus de, par- 
 
 dessus ; adv., au-dessus. 
 abroad, h I'etranger. 
 absence, absence, /.; leave of 
 
 — , conge, m. 
 absolutely, absolument. 
 accept, accepter, 
 access, acces, m. 
 accident, accident, m^ 
 accompany, accompagner. 
 accomplish, accomplir. 
 according to, d'apres. 
 acquaintance, connaissance,/. 
 acquainted ; to be — with, con- 
 
 naitre. 
 acquire, acquerir. 
 action, action,/, 
 actress, actrice,/. 
 add, ajouter. 
 addition ; in — , en plus ; in — 
 
 to, en plus de. 
 admirable, admirable, 
 admire, admirer, 
 advance ; in — , a I'avance ; to buy 
 
 tickets (for the theatre) in — , 
 
 prendre des billets (w.) en lo- 
 cation (/.). 
 advanced, avance; — studies, 
 
 etudes (/.) superieures. 
 
 advice (piece of), conseil, m. 
 
 affair, affaire, /. 
 
 after, apres, i partir de ; — all, 
 
 en fin (/.) de compte (w.), au 
 
 bout (w.) du compte. 
 afternoon, apres-midi, m. and f, 
 afterward, apres. 
 against, contre. 
 age, age, m.; the Middle — , le 
 
 moyen age. 
 ago, il y a, precedes expression 
 
 of time. 
 agreeable, agreable; to be as — 
 
 as possible, etre on ne peut 
 
 plus agreable. 
 ah, ah. 
 air, air, m.; in the open — , en 
 
 plein air. 
 all, tout; — men, tous; — that 
 
 (rel.), tout ce que; not at — , 
 
 pas du tout; — right! Xxhs 
 
 bien, ^ la bonne heure; — the 
 
 more , . . because, d'autant 
 
 plus . . . que. 
 allow, laisser. 
 almost, presque, pres de. 
 alone, seul. 
 along ; to get — , se tirer d'affaire 
 
 (/.); togo—y longer, 
 already, dcja. 
 also, aussi. 
 altar, autel, m. ; High — , maitre 
 
 autel. 
 although, bien que, quoique, 
 
 {both followed by Subj.). 
 altogether, tout a fait, 
 always, tou jours. 
 
 41 
 
42 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 America, Amerique, /.; fronts 
 
 in — , d', en, Amerique. 
 American, americain ; — ladies y 
 
 Americaines,/". //. 
 among, parmi. 
 amount, s'elever (i). 
 amuse, amuser ; to — oneself by^ 
 
 s'amuser a. 
 amusing, amusant. 
 ancient, ancien. 
 and, et. 
 
 animated, anime. 
 announce, annoncer. 
 annoy, deranger. 
 annoyance, ennui, m, 
 another, un (une) autre, 
 antiquity, antiquite, /. 
 anxiety, inquietude,/, 
 anxious; to be — to, tenir i. 
 any, quelque ; after a neg.y de ; 
 
 — other^ d'autre; in — case, 
 
 en tout cas {m^. 
 anybody, qui que ce soit ; after 
 
 neg. verby personne. 
 anything {affirmative) , quelque 
 
 chose, m.; {negative) rien, m. 
 apartment, appartement, m» 
 appear, paraitre. 
 appearance, mine,/.; to have a 
 
 good — , avoir bonne mine, 
 appetite, appetit, m, 
 appreciate, apprecier. 
 architecture, architecture,/. 
 arm, bras, m, 
 army, armee,/. 
 around, adv., autour; prep., au- 
 
 tour de ; to go — , f aire le tour 
 
 (de). 
 arrange, arranger, 
 arrival, arrivee, /.; at your — , 
 
 des votre arrivee. 
 arrive, arriver. 
 art, art, m.; fine — j, beaux 
 
 arts. 
 article, article, m, 
 arnst, artiste, ?w. andf. 
 as, {like) commej {equally) 
 
 aussi; (j-Z^^^) puisque ; — far 
 — , jusqu'a; — for, quant a; 
 
 — well — , aussi bien que ; — 
 much, autant ; — much — , au- 
 
 tant (de) que ; — good — , 
 
 aussi bon que. 
 
 ashamed, 'honteux; to be — , 
 
 avoir * honte (/.) (de). 
 ask, demander, with Dat, of per- 
 
 son, Ace. of thing. 
 assign, assigner. 
 assume; to — the task of, se 
 
 donner pour tache (/.) de. 
 assure, assurer, 
 astonish, etonner. 
 at, a, sur; — the house of, chez; 
 
 — your arrival, des votre ar- 
 rivee' (/.)• 
 
 attempt, essayer (de). 
 attend, assister a, suivre. 
 attended, frequente. 
 attribute, attribuer. 
 audience, public, m. 
 au gratin, au gratin {baked with 
 
 cheese). 
 August, aout, m. 
 author, auteur, m. 
 authority, autorite,/ 
 automobile, automobile, /.; — • 
 
 accident, accident (»2.) d'auto- 
 
 mobile. 
 Autumn, automne, m.; in the 
 
 — , en automne. 
 Autun, Autun. 
 avoid, eviter. 
 awake, (s')eveiller. 
 away; to take — , enlever; right 
 
 — , tout de suite (/.), a I'in- 
 
 stant (w.). 
 awful, effrayant. 
 
 B 
 
 bachelor, gar9on, m.; — ''s apart- 
 ment, appartement {m^ de gar- 
 9on, gar9onniere,/. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 43 
 
 back, fond, m»; to be — again^ 
 
 etre de retour (w.); here we 
 
 are — again, nous voici de 
 
 retour. 
 badly, mal. 
 baggage, bagages, m. pL; — 
 
 room, salle (/.) des bagages. 
 baker, boulanger, m. 
 bank (of river), rive,/. 
 bargain for, marchander. 
 bargain, occasion,/*, 
 barracks, caserne,/, 
 basket, panier, m. 
 Bastille, Bastille,/. 
 be, etre; {of weather) faire 
 
 {impersonal); {of location) se 
 
 trouver. 
 beach, plage,/, 
 beadle, suisse, m, 
 beautiful, beau, 
 beauty, beaute,/. 
 because, parce que; {afterd^2i\x- 
 
 tant plus), que. 
 bed-room, chambre (/.) k cou- 
 
 cher. 
 beefsteak, bifteck, m. 
 before, (time) avant ; {place) de- 
 
 vant; avant de with Inf.; 
 
 avant que with Subj, 
 beg, prier (de); to — pardon, 
 
 demander pardon (»«.). 
 begin, commencer (^ or de), se 
 
 mettre (a) ; to — by, with, com- 
 mencer par. 
 beginning, commencement, m. 
 behind, derriere. 
 believe, croire; / — it, je crois 
 
 bien. 
 belong, appartenir. 
 below, adv., en bas. 
 beneath, sous, 
 benevolent, bienveillant. 
 beside, prep., a cote (w.) de. 
 besides, d'ailleurs. 
 best, adj., le meilleur; adv., le 
 
 mieux ; to do our — , faire notre 
 
 possible. 
 
 better, adj., meilleur; adv., 
 mieux; so much the — , tant 
 mieux. 
 
 beyond, prep., au del^ de. 
 
 bill, {in a restaurant) addition, 
 /.; {in a hotel) note,/; {money) 
 billet, m.; — of fare, carte, f.; 
 {in parliament) projet {m.j de 
 loi (/.). 
 
 billion, milliard, m. 
 
 bloody, sanglant. 
 
 boat, bateau, m.; {row-boat) 
 
 canot, m. 
 boil, bouillir; — ed egg, oeuf {m,) 
 
 a la coque. 
 Bois, Bois, m, 
 book, livre, m, 
 
 both, tous deux, tons les deux, 
 boudoir, boudoir, m. 
 boulevard, boulevard, m. 
 bouquet, bouquet, m. 
 bourgeois, bourgeois, m. 
 bow-window, fenetre (/.) en 
 
 rotonde. 
 box, boite, /; {at theatre) loge, 
 
 /. 
 breakfast (to), dejeuner. 
 breakfast, dejeuner, m.; the first 
 
 — , premier dejeuner. 
 briar, bruyere, /.; — pipe, pipe 
 
 (/.) en bruyere. 
 bridge, pont, m. 
 brilliant, brillant. 
 bring, porter, apporter; — up, 
 
 monter. 
 brother, frere, m, 
 brunette, brune, /. 
 budget, budget, m, 
 building,edifice, m,, batiment, m, 
 bunch, bouquet, m.; at two sous 
 
 a — , a deux sous le bouquet. 
 Burgundy, Bourgogne, /. 
 business, affaires, / //.; to do 
 
 your — {to suit you exactly)^ 
 
 faire votre affaire, 
 busy, occupe. 
 but, mais ; {only) ne . . . que. 
 
44 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 buy, acheter. 
 
 by, par; {ruuith Pres. Fart) en; 
 — the houry k I'heure. 
 
 Cabinet, Cabinet, m, 
 
 caf^, cafe, m. 
 
 call, appeler. 
 
 called, dit. 
 
 caller, visiteur, m, 
 
 can, pouvoir. 
 
 capital, {of a pillar) chapiteau, 
 
 m.; {city) capitale, /. 
 capricious, capricieux. 
 car, (railway) wagon, m.; {street 
 
 car) tramway, m.y voiture, /.; 
 
 to get into the {railway) — , 
 
 monter en wagon, 
 card, carte, f.; to play at — j, 
 
 jouer aux cartes. 
 care; to — nothing about, se 
 
 moquer de. 
 care, soin, m,; {of rooms) "entre- 
 
 tien, m.; take — to, prenez 
 
 garde ^, with Inf.; take — nOt 
 
 tOy prenez garde de, with Inf.; 
 
 I shall take — not to, je n'aurai 
 
 garde de, with Inf. 
 career, carriere, /. 
 careless, sans souci {m), 
 carriage, voiture, /.; — with a 
 
 gallery (i.e. with room on top 
 
 for baggage), voiture a galerie 
 
 carry, porter ; — away, emporter. 
 case, cas, ni.; in that — , dans 
 
 ce cas ; in any — , en tout cas ; 
 
 in — ofy en cas de. 
 cast, Jeter. 
 catch, attraper, saisir; to — sight 
 
 ofy apercevoir; to — a cold, 
 
 attraper un rhume. 
 cathedral, cathedrale, /.; — 
 
 square, parvis, m. 
 cauliflower, choux-fleurs, m. pi. 
 
 ceiling, plafond, m, 
 
 celebrate, celebrer. 
 
 celebrated, celebre. 
 
 centre, centre, m. 
 
 century, siecle, m. 
 
 certain, certain. 
 
 certainly, certainement. 
 
 chair, chaise, /. 
 
 chamber, chambre, /. 
 
 chance, {opportunity) occasion, 
 
 /.; {fate, luck) 'hasard, m.; 
 
 by — , par hasard. 
 change, changer. 
 chapel, chapelle, f. 
 chapter, chapitre, m. 
 charge, charger; to take — of, se 
 
 charger de. 
 charity, charite, /. 
 charm, charme, m. 
 charming, charmant. 
 chat, causer. 
 
 chateau, chateau, vi. [m, 
 
 Chateaubriand, Chateaubriand, 
 chauffeur, chauffeur, m. 
 cheap, bon march e, indecl. 
 cheaply, a bon marche ; so — , \ 
 
 si bon marche. 
 cheerful, gai. 
 cheese, fromage, m. 
 child, enfant, m. 
 chocolate, chocolat, m, 
 choice, choix, in. 
 choose, choisir. 
 chrysanthemum, chrysan- 
 
 theme, m. 
 chum, camarade, m. 
 church, eglise, /. 
 cigar, cigare, m.; — holder, porte- 
 
 cigare, m. 
 circle, cercle, m, 
 circumstance, circonstance, /. 
 citizen, citoyen, m, 
 city, ville, /. 
 civilize, civiliser. 
 claim, pretendre. 
 class, classe, /.; first — , de 
 
 premier ordre. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 45 
 
 classic, classique. 
 
 clean, propre. 
 
 clearness, limpidite, /.; clarte, 
 
 /. 
 climb up, monter. 
 close, farmer, 
 close by, tout pres (de). 
 coachman, cocher, m, 
 coal, charbon, m. 
 coffee, cafe, m, 
 cold, froid, m. and adj.; to catch 
 
 a — , attraper un rhume. 
 college, college, m. 
 colony, colonic, /. 
 come, venir ; — down^ descendre ; 
 
 — back^ re venir ; — near {doing 
 
 something) y faillir, with In/, 
 comedy, comedie, /. 
 comfortable, confortable. 
 commentary, commentaire, m. 
 commerce, commerce, m. 
 companion, compagnon, m.; 
 
 traveling — , compagnon de 
 
 voyage {m.). 
 company, compagnie, /. 
 compartment, compartiment, m. 
 competition, concurrence,/", 
 complain, se plaindre. 
 compliment, compliment, m. 
 compose, composer; to be — d^ 
 
 se composer, 
 comprise, comprendre. 
 compromise, compromettre. 
 concert, concert, m. 
 condition, condition,/, 
 confess, avouer. 
 confusion ; to be in — , etre em- 
 
 brouille. 
 congratulate, feliciter. 
 congregation, assemblee,/. 
 connect, relier. 
 conscientiously, consciencieuse- 
 
 ment. 
 consequently, par consequent. 
 Conservatory, Conservatoire, m, 
 considerable, considerable, 
 consist, consister (a with verb). 
 
 constitute, constituer. 
 construct, construire. 
 construction, construction,/, 
 contain, contenir. 
 Continental, Continental, 
 contrary, contraire; on the — , 
 
 au contraire. 
 convenient, commode, 
 conversation, conversation,/, 
 cook, cuire. 
 cooking, cuisine,/. 
 cool, se refroidir. 
 cool, f rais ; it is — (of weather), 
 
 il fait f rais. 
 corner, coin, m, 
 correct, juste. 
 corridor, corridor, m, 
 cost, colter, 
 could, see can. 
 council, conseil, m, 
 count, compter, 
 country, pays, m.^ campagne,/.; 
 
 in the — , a la campagne ; — 
 
 ///>, vie (/.) de campagne 
 courage, courage, m. 
 course, cours, m.; of — , bien 
 
 entendu, naturellement. 
 court (— yard), cour,/. 
 cover, couvrir. 
 cram, fourrer, faire entrer. 
 creation, creation,/, 
 crisis, crise,/. 
 criticism, critique,/, 
 cross, traverser, 
 crossing, travers^e,/. 
 crowd, foule,/. 
 crowded, bonde. 
 crushing, ecrasant. 
 crypt, crypte,/. 
 cultivate, cultiver. 
 cup, tasse,/. 
 curious, curieux. 
 curiosity, curiosite,/. 
 customs, douane, /.; — officer^ 
 
 employe (w.) de la douane ; — 
 
 examination ^ visite (/.) de la 
 
 douane. 
 
46 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 danger, danger, m. 
 
 dangerous, dangereux. 
 
 date, dater. 
 
 date, date,/. 
 
 daughter, fille,/. 
 
 day, jour, m., journee/.; a — , 
 per — , par jour ; every — , 
 tous les jours ; all — , toute la 
 journee; by the — , a la jour- 
 nee; until our — , jusqu'a nos 
 jours. 
 
 dead, mort ; the — season^ la 
 morte saison. 
 
 deal ; a great — , beaucoup. 
 
 dear, cher. 
 
 dearly, cher. 
 
 deceive, tromper. 
 
 decide, decider (de). 
 
 declare, declarer. 
 
 decoration, decor, m. 
 
 delicious, delicieux. 
 
 delight, enchanter. 
 
 delighted, enchante (de). 
 
 delightful, charmant. 
 
 demand, reclamer. 
 
 departure, depart, in. 
 
 depend (upon), dependre (de). 
 
 deprive, priver. 
 
 deputy, depute, m. 
 
 derive, tirer. 
 
 descend, descendre. 
 
 description, description,/. 
 
 desire, desirer. 
 
 dessert, dessert, m. 
 
 destine, destiner (a). 
 
 detail, detail, m, ; in — , en de- 
 tail. 
 
 devote, consacrer. 
 
 die (be dying), mourir. 
 
 difference, difference, /. ; that 
 makes no — , cela ne fait rien. 
 
 different, different. 
 
 difficult, difificile. 
 
 difficulty, difficulte,/. 
 
 diligence, assiduite,/. 
 
 dine, diner. 
 
 dining-room, salle (/) a manger. 
 
 direct, direct; — to Parisy ^ 
 
 destination (/.) de Paris, 
 disadvantage, inconvenient, m, 
 disagreeable, desagreable. 
 disappear, disparaitre. 
 disappointment, deception,/, 
 discover, decouvrir. 
 disgusting, degoutant. 
 dispense with, se passer de. 
 display, etalage, m. 
 distinguish, distinguer. 
 do, f aire ; — welly f aire bien (de). 
 doctor, medecin, m, 
 dollar, dollar, w. 
 door, porte,/. 
 
 doubt, douter; to — /V, en douter. 
 doubtless, sans doute (/.). 
 drag (along), trainer, 
 draught (of air), courant (w.) 
 
 d'air (w.). 
 draw-bridge, pont-levis, w. 
 dress, faire sa toilette, 
 drive, conduire. 
 drive, promenade,/, 
 driver, cocher, m, 
 dungeon, donjon, m. 
 duration, duree,/. 
 during, pendant, 
 duty, devoir, m.; to be on — , 
 
 etre de service (w.). 
 dwelling, demeure,/. 
 
 £ 
 
 each, chaque; — one, chacun(e) ; 
 — other y Tun Tautre; to — 
 othery Tun k I'autre. 
 
 early, adv.y de bonne heure; very 
 — , de tres bonne heure; to be 
 an — risery etre matinal; — 
 {^painter of a school) y primi' 
 tif, m. 
 
 easily, facilement. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 47 
 
 easy, facile. 
 
 eat, manger. 
 
 eater ; great — , gourmand, m, 
 
 edge, bord, m. 
 
 edifice, edifice, m, 
 
 educate, elever. 
 
 educated, instruit. 
 
 education, instruction, /. 
 
 effect, effet, m. 
 
 effort, effort, m. 
 
 egg, ceuf, w.; boiled — , oeuf ^ la 
 
 coque. 
 eight, huit. 
 either, ou; {after neg.) non plus; 
 
 — ... ^r, ou . . . ou, soit . . . 
 
 soit; — one, I'un ou I'autre. 
 electric, electrique. 
 elevator, ascenseur, m, 
 eleven, onze. 
 
 embarrassment, embarras, m. 
 employee, employe, m. 
 empty, vide; to be — (of water), 
 
 etre k sec. 
 end, finir ; to — by {doing some- 
 
 thing), finir par, with Inf. 
 end, bout, tn.; fin, /. 
 English, anglais ; the — language, 
 
 la langue anglaise or I'anglais. 
 ennui, ennui, m. 
 enormous, enorme. 
 enough, assez. 
 ensemble, ensemble, m. 
 enter, entrer (dans), s'engager 
 
 (dans) ; to — through here, 
 
 entrer par ici. 
 enthusiastic, enthousiaste. 
 entirely, tout a fait, 
 entrance, entree, /.; — gate, 
 
 porte (/.) d'entree. 
 entrust, confier. 
 environs, environs, m. pi. 
 epicurean, gourmet, m. 
 epoch, epoque, /. 
 escape; to have a narrow — , 
 
 I'echapper belle, 
 especially, surtout. 
 Esperanto, Esperanto, m. 
 
 espy, apercevoir. 
 
 establish, etablir. 
 
 esplanade, esplanade, f, 
 
 Europe, Europe, /. 
 
 European, europeen. 
 
 even, meme; not — , pas meme. 
 
 evening, soir, m., soiree, /.; last 
 
 — , hier soir; Wednesday — , 
 
 mercredi soir ; all the — , toute 
 
 la soiree ; in the — , le soir. 
 event, evenement, m. 
 ever, jamais {ivithout ne). 
 every, tout ; {with pi. noun) tous 
 
 les; — day, tous les jours, 
 
 chaque jour, 
 everybody, tout le monde, m. 
 everything, tout; {before rel. 
 
 clause) tout ce. 
 everywhere, partout; almost — , 
 
 un peu partout. 
 evident, evident, 
 evolution, evolution, /. 
 exact, exacte, precis, juste, 
 exactly, exactement ; — right, k 
 
 point, 
 exaggerate, exag^rer. 
 examination, examen, m.; cus- 
 toms — , visite (/.) de la 
 
 douane. 
 examine, examiner, 
 example, exemple, m.; for — , 
 
 par exemple. 
 excel, exceller. 
 excellent, excellent, 
 except, prep., excepte, 4 part, 
 exception, exception, /.; with 
 
 the — of, k I'exception de; 
 
 with few — s, ^ peu d'excep- 
 
 tions pres. 
 excuse, excuse,/.; — me, pardon \ 
 exhaust, epuiser. 
 exist, exister. 
 existence, existence, /. 
 expect, attendre ; what do you 
 
 — , que voulez-vous ? 
 expedition, promenade, f-> 
 expense, depense, /. 
 
48 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 expensive, cher. 
 experience, experience, /. 
 explain, expliquer; that must be 
 
 — edy cela doit s'expliquer. 
 explore, explorer, 
 express, express, m. and adj. 
 extract, extrait, m. 
 extraordinary, extraordinaire, 
 eirtremely, extremement. 
 
 fapade, fa9ade, /. 
 
 fact, fait, m. 
 
 fail, manquer ; without — , sans 
 f ante (/.) ; / shall not — to do 
 so^ je n'y manquerai pas. 
 
 fair-haired, blond. 
 
 faithful, fidele. 
 
 fall, tomber, retomber. 
 
 family, f amille, /. 
 
 far, loin. 
 
 farther (on), plus loin. 
 
 fashion, fa9on, /. 
 
 fast, vite. 
 
 father, pere, m. 
 
 fault, faute, /. 
 
 favor, favoriser. 
 
 favorable, favorable. 
 
 fear, craindre. 
 
 fear, peur, /.; have no — , n'ayez 
 pas peur. 
 
 feeling, sentiment, m, 
 
 fellow, gar9on, m. 
 
 few, peu (de) ; some — , quelques ; 
 a — , quelques ; with — excep- 
 tions ^ ^ peu d'exceptions pres. 
 
 fifteen, quinze. 
 
 fifth, cinquieme. 
 
 fifty, cinquante. 
 
 filet, filet, m, 
 
 finally, enfin. 
 
 find, trou ver ; — again ^ retrou ver. 
 
 fine, beau ; to be the finest things 
 etre ce qu'il y a de plus beau. 
 
 finish, finir (de). 
 
 first, adv,^ d'abord ; adj.^ premier ; 
 in the — place, d'abord ; — 
 class, de premier ordre. 
 
 fish, pecher. 
 
 fish, poisson, m, 
 
 five, cinq. 
 
 fix, fixer. 
 
 fixed, fixe; — price, prix(w.) fixe, 
 
 flexibility, souplesse, /. 
 
 floor, etage, w. 
 
 flower, fleur, /.; — market, 
 marche (w.) aux fleurs. 
 
 fluency, facilite, /. 
 
 flying-buttress, arc(s) bou- 
 tant(s), m, 
 
 follow, suivre. 
 
 fond ; to be (very) — of, aimer 
 (beaucoup). 
 
 foot, pied, m. 
 
 for, prep., pour; — example, par 
 exemple (w.); — a long time, 
 — two years, depuis longtemps, 
 depuis deuxans (w.) with Pres, 
 or Imperf. of the verb. 
 
 fOTf con/., car. 
 
 force, forcer (de). 
 
 foreign, etranger. 
 
 foreigner, etranger, m. 
 
 forget, oublier. 
 
 formerly, autrefois. 
 
 fortnight, quinzaine (/.) de 
 jours (m.). 
 
 forty, quarante. 
 
 foundation, fondement, m. 
 
 four, quatre. 
 
 fourteenth, quatorzieme; Louis 
 — , Louis Quatorze {^written 
 Louis XIV). 
 
 franc, franc, m. 
 
 France, France,/. 
 
 frank, franc. 
 
 free, libre ; — of charge, gratis, 
 pour rien. 
 
 freeze, geler. 
 
 French, fran9ais; the — lan- 
 guage, la langue fran9aise or 
 le fran9ais. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 49 
 
 Frenchman, Fran9ais, fw. 
 
 fresh, frais. 
 
 fried, frit. 
 
 friend, ami, w., amie,/". 
 
 friendly, d'ami, amical. 
 
 frightful, effroyable. 
 
 frivolous, frivole. 
 
 from, de. 
 
 front, devant, m.; in — of^ de- 
 
 vant, prep. 
 fruit, fruits, m. pL 
 full, complet. 
 furnace, calorifere, tn, 
 furnish, meubler, garnir. 
 furniture, meubles, w. pL 
 future, avenii, m. 
 
 gaiety, gait^,/. 
 
 gain, gagner. 
 
 gallant, galant. 
 
 gallery, galerie, f.; carriage 
 with a — , voiture (/".) a gale- 
 rie ; picture — , galerie de 
 peintures {/. pi.). 
 
 garage, garage, m, 
 
 garden, jardin, m. 
 
 gas, gaz, m.; — stove^ fourneau 
 (m) k gaz. 
 
 gate, porte, /,; entrance — , 
 porta d'entree (/.). 
 
 gather, se reunir. [ral. 
 
 general, general ; in — , en gene- 
 gentleman, monsieur, m. {pi. 
 messieurs). 
 
 German, allemand. 
 
 Germany, AUemagne,/. 
 
 get, prendre, chercher; — in, 
 into, monter; — up, se lever; 
 
 — along, se tirer d'affaire (/.) ; 
 
 — along without, se passer de ; 
 
 — down, out {of a carriage), 
 descendre (de); — out of it, 
 s'en tirer; — profit from, tirer 
 profit (»?.) de. 
 
 girl, fille,/. 
 
 give, donner ; — a lecture, f aire 
 une conference. 
 
 glad, content (de), heureux (de), 
 bien aise (de). 
 
 gladly, volontiers. 
 
 glance, coup (w.) d'oeil. 
 
 gloomy, triste, morne. 
 
 glove, gant. 
 
 go, aller; lefs — , allons; — 
 off, away, s*en aller; — up, 
 monter; — down, descendre; 
 — in, entrer (dans); — 
 along, longer; — around, 
 faire le tour (de) ; — on foot, 
 aller ^ pied (m.) ; — out, sor- 
 tir; — into raptures, se 
 pamer. 
 
 goal, but, m. 
 
 God, Dieu, m. 
 
 good, bon; exclani., \ la 
 bonne heure ; — mor^zing, bon 
 jour; to do — , faire du bien; 
 to have a — time, s'amuser 
 bien. 
 
 goodbye, au revoir. 
 
 gothic, gothique. 
 
 government, gouvernement, 
 m. 
 
 grace, grace,/. 
 
 graduate, diplome, m. 
 
 grand, grand. 
 
 grandeur, grandeur,/. 
 
 grandfather, grand-pere, m. 
 
 grandiose, grandiose. 
 
 grateful, reconnaissant ; to be — , 
 savoir bon gre, with Dat. of 
 person and Gen. of thing. 
 
 grave, grave. 
 
 great, grand; a — deal, a — 
 many, beaucoup (de). 
 
 greet, saluer. 
 
 group, grouper. 
 
 guarantee, garantir. 
 
 guard, garde, m.; — room, salle 
 (/.) des gardes. 
 
 guide, guide, m. 
 
so 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 H 
 
 habit, habitude,/. 
 
 half (-hour), demi-heure, /. 
 
 hall, salle,/. 
 
 hand, main,/.; master — , main 
 de maitre; on the other — , 
 d'autre part (/.). 
 
 happen, arriver, se faire, se pas- 
 ser; what is going to — , que 
 va-t-il se passer. 
 
 happy, heureux, content. 
 
 hat, chapeau, m.; to keep one^s 
 — on, rester convert ; to put 
 one^s — on^ se couvrir. 
 
 have {auxil.)y avoir; {to denote 
 futurity) avoir a; {to be com- 
 pelled) devoir \ (to catise) i2iUQ. 
 
 he, il, (emphatic Nom.) lui; — 
 who^ celui qui. 
 
 head, tete, /.; (Jig.) chef, m.; 
 (of a table) bout, m, 
 
 health, sante, /. 
 
 hear, entendre. 
 
 heart, coeur, m.; with all my 
 — , de tout mon coeur. 
 
 heat, chauffer. 
 
 hello, tiens! 
 
 Henri, Henri, m, 
 
 her, son, sa. 
 
 here, ici; — we are^ nous y 
 voici; — is^ voici; — it is, le, 
 la voici. 
 
 high, haut; — Mass, grand'- 
 messe, /.; — Altar, maitre 
 autel, m.; — er instruction, en- 
 seignement (w.) superieur. 
 
 hill, mon tee,/. 
 
 him (conj.), le; (disj.) lui. 
 
 himself, se. 
 
 hire, loner. 
 
 his (poss. adj.), son, sa; (pron) 
 le sien, la sienne. 
 
 historic, historique. 
 
 historical, historique. 
 
 history, histoire,/. 
 
 hole, trou, m.; to make a — , pra« 
 
 tiquer un trou. 
 home; at — , chez soi, moi, 
 
 nous, vous, etc. 
 honor, honneur, m, 
 hope, esperer ; to — not, esperer 
 
 que non. 
 hors d'oeuvre, * hors d'oeuvre, m, 
 
 sing, and pi. 
 horse, cheval, m, 
 hospital, hopital, m. 
 hot, chaud. 
 hotel, hotel, m, 
 hour, heure, /.; by the — , 4 
 
 I'heure ; half — , demi-heure,/. 
 house, maison, /./ to, at, in your 
 
 — , chez vous; to, at, in my — , 
 
 chez moi; to, at, in whose — , 
 
 chez qui. 
 how, exclam., que, comme; in-, 
 
 terrog., comment; — long, 
 
 combien de temps (w.); — 
 
 many, — much, combien (de). 
 however, pourtant, cependant; 
 
 — it may be, quoi qu'il en soit. 
 hundred, cent {^written cents in 
 
 the pi. as noun, or immediately 
 
 bejore a noun). 
 hunger, faim,/. 
 
 hungry ; to be — , avoirf aim (/.). 
 hunt, chasser. 
 hurried, presse. 
 hurry, se depecher. 
 husband, mari, m. 
 
 I, je, (emphatic Nom.) moi. 
 
 idea, idee,/. 
 
 if, si; — not, sinon. 
 
 ignorant, ignorant. 
 
 imagine, imaginer, se represen- 
 tee 
 
 imitate, imiter. 
 
 immediately, a Tinstant, tout 
 de suite. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 51 
 
 immense, immense, enorme. 
 
 impatience, impatience,/ 
 
 importance, importance, /. 
 
 important, important. 
 
 impose, imposer. 
 
 impossible, impossible. 
 
 impression, impression,/ 
 
 impressive, impressionant. 
 
 improve, ameliorer. 
 
 in, dans, en, a ; {with names of 
 cities) ^; {with names of conti- 
 nents^ of all European countries^ 
 and of provinces) en, without 
 
 include, comprendre. [defart. 
 
 incredible, incroyable. 
 
 individual, individu, m. 
 
 inexperienced, inexperimente. 
 
 information, renseignements, 
 m. pi. 
 
 inhabit, habiter. 
 
 inner, interieur. . 
 
 innocent, innocent. 
 
 inside, interieur, m. 
 
 insist, persister (k). 
 
 inspect, visiter, examiner. 
 
 install, installer. 
 
 instance; for — , par exem- 
 ple {m.). 
 
 instead of, au lieu de. 
 
 instruction, enseignement, f«., 
 instruction, /.; higher — , 
 enseignement superieur. 
 
 instrument, outil, m. 
 
 intelligence, intelligence, /. 
 
 intend, avoir I'intention (/.) (de), 
 compter bien; (destine) des- 
 tiner (a). 
 
 intense, acharne. 
 
 interest, interesser. 
 
 interest, interet, m. 
 
 interesting, interessant. 
 
 interior, interieur, m, 
 
 intermission, entr'acte, m, 
 
 intimate, intime. 
 
 international, international. 
 
 into, dans. 
 
 intrepid, intrepide. 
 
 invite, inviter (4). 
 
 iron, fer, m. 
 
 it, Nom.y ce, il, elle ; Acc.^ le, la ; 
 ofy for, about — , en ; at, to — , 
 y ; {with expressions of time al- 
 ways) il. 
 
 Italian, italien. 
 
 Italy, Italie, /. 
 
 its, son, sa. 
 
 itself, se. 
 
 janitor, concierge, m.; — *j wifty 
 concierge, /. 
 
 jewel, bijou, m, 
 
 John, Jean, m. 
 
 join, joindre, retrouver. 
 
 joy, joie, /. 
 
 just, juste; — noWy en ce mo- 
 ment; to have — {done some- 
 thing), venir de, with Inf., e.g. 
 / have — arrived, je viens 
 d'arriver ; he had — done it, il 
 venait de le faire. 
 
 keep, garder; well kept up, bien 
 tenu. 
 
 kernel, noyau, m, 
 
 kill, tuer. 
 
 kind, espece, /., sorte, /., gen- 
 re, m. 
 
 kind, aimable, bon. 
 
 kindness, amabilite, /., bonte, 
 
 /• 
 
 king, roi, m. 
 
 know, savoir; {to be acquainted 
 with) connaitre. 
 
 lack, manquer (de). 
 
52 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 lady, dame, /.; {in direct dis- 
 course) madame, f. {pi. mes- 
 
 dames). 
 lake, lac, m. 
 language, langue, /. 
 large, grand, 
 last, dernier, passe; — eveningy 
 
 hier soir (w.). 
 late, tard. 
 Latin, latin; — Qtiariery Quar- 
 
 tier {m.) Latin, 
 latter (the), celui-ci, celle-ci, 
 
 (//.) ceux-ci, celles-ci. 
 laugh, rire. 
 law, loi, /. 
 leader {of orchestrd)^ premier 
 
 violon, m. 
 learn, apprendre (a), 
 least ; at — , au moins. 
 leather, cuir, m. 
 leave {to let, to allow), laisser ; {to 
 
 go away from) quitter, sortir 
 
 (de), partir (de); to — to be de- 
 
 siredy laisser a desirer. 
 leave of absence, conge, m. 
 lecture, conference, /.; to give a 
 
 — , faire une conference, 
 less, moins (de). 
 let, permettre (de). 
 letter, lettre, /.; — of credit, 
 
 lettre de credit. 
 library, bibliotheque, /. 
 life, vie, f.; country — , vie de 
 
 campagne. 
 lifetime, vivant; in her — , de 
 
 son vivant. 
 light, eclairer; {gas) allumer. 
 light, leger ; — opera, opera (zw.) 
 
 comique. 
 like, aimer (a), vouloir bien. 
 like, prep.y comme; — this, — 
 
 that, comme 9a, ainsi. 
 line up, faire queue (/.). 
 listen (to), ecouter. 
 little, adj., petit; adv., peu; — 
 
 by — , peu a peu ; a — , un peu 
 
 (de). 
 
 live (to dwelt), demeurer, with en 
 before names of provinces and 
 most countries, a before names 
 of cities and les J^tats-Unis; 
 habiter, with direct object; {to 
 exist) vivre. 
 
 living, vivant. 
 
 long, adj., long; adv., longtemps ; 
 how — , com bien de temps 
 {m.y, a — time, longtemps 
 {adv.); for a — time, depuis 
 longtemps, with Fres, or Im- 
 perf. of verb. 
 
 look (at), regarder; — fory 
 chercher; — out on, donner 
 sur; — out of , regarder par. 
 
 lord, seigneur, m. 
 
 lose, perdre. 
 
 Louis, Louis, m.; — the Four- 
 teenth, Louis XIV (Quatorze). 
 
 Louvre, Louvre, m. 
 
 love, amour, m.; to fall in — , 
 tomber amoureux. 
 
 lower, baisser, abaisser. 
 
 luck, chance,/".; to have good — , 
 avoir de la chance (de). 
 
 lugubrious, lugubre. 
 
 lunch, dejeuner, m.; to have — , 
 dejeuner. 
 
 Luxembourg, Luxembourg, m.; 
 the — Garden, le Jardin du 
 Luxembourg. 
 
 luxurious, de luxe {m). 
 
 Madame, Madame, /. 
 Mademoiselle, Mademoiselle, /. 
 magnificent, magnifique. 
 maid, bonne, /. 
 mail, courrier, m,. 
 maintenance, maintien, m. 
 majestic, majestueux. 
 majority, plupart, /.; {political) 
 
 majorite, /. 
 make, faire, pratiquer. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 53 
 
 man, homme, m.; young meuy 
 
 jeunes gens, m. pi. 
 many, beaucoup (de); a great — 
 
 people, beaucoup de monde 
 
 {m.)\ so — , tant (de); too — , 
 
 trop (de). 
 market, marche, m.; flower — , 
 
 marche aux fleurs (/.). 
 Marseilles, Marseille. 
 Mass, messe, f,; High — , grand*- 
 
 messe, f. 
 massacre, massacre, m. 
 master-hand, main (/.) de 
 
 maitre. 
 masterly, magistral, 
 masterpiece, chef (s) d'oeuvre,w. 
 me, conj.\ me; disj., moi. 
 meal, repas, m. 
 
 meantime ; in the — , en atten- 
 dant. 
 measure, mesure, /. 
 meditate, mediter. 
 meerschaum, ecume (/.) de mer ; 
 
 of — , en ecume de mer. 
 meet, rencontrer, trouver; to 
 
 come to — me, venir ^ ma 
 
 rencontre, 
 member, membre, m. 
 memoir, memoire, m, 
 middle, milieu, m. 
 Middle Age, moyen age, m, 
 military, militaire. 
 militia, milice, f.; — man, 
 
 milicien, m. 
 milk, lait, m.; — shop, laiterie,/". 
 million, million, m. 
 mind ; never — , n'importe. 
 mine, le mien, la mienne. 
 minister, ministre, m. 
 ministry, ministere, m, 
 minus, moins. 
 minute, minute, /. 
 miss, manquer. 
 mistake, se tromper; to make a 
 
 — , se tromper ; if I am not 
 
 mistaken, si je ne me trompe. 
 moat, fosse, m. 
 
 moderate, modere, modique; of 
 
 a — price, dans les prix doux. 
 modern, moderne. 
 modification, modification, f, 
 Moliere, Moliere, m. 
 moment, moment, m,; at that — , 
 
 en ce moment-la. 
 Monday, lundi, m. 
 money, argent, m.; to saze — , 
 
 faire des economies (/.). 
 monotonous, monotone. 
 Monsieiur, Monsieur, m. {written 
 
 M. before name). 
 month, mois, m.; in the — of, 
 
 au mois de ; by the — , au mois. 
 monument, monument, m. 
 more, plus; all the — , d'autant 
 
 plus, with que introducing the 
 
 following clause. 
 moreover, d'ailleurs, au reste. 
 morgue, morgue, /. 
 morning, matin, m., matinee, f.; 
 
 good — , bon jour; in the — , 
 
 le matin. 
 most, le plus ; the — part, plu- 
 
 part, /. 
 mother, m^re, /.; your — , Ma- 
 dame votre mere, 
 motorman, conducteur, m. 
 mountain, montagne, /. 
 mouth, bouche, /. 
 Mr., Monsieur, m. {written M. 
 
 before name), 
 much, beaucoup, bien, grand'- 
 
 chose ; as — , autant ; as — ... 
 
 as, autant . . . que ; so — , tant 
 
 (de); how — , combien (de); 
 
 too — , trop (de). 
 multitude, multitude,/. 
 munch, croquer. 
 municipal, municipal, 
 museum, musee, m. 
 mushroom, champignon, m, 
 music, musique, /. 
 musician, musicien, m, 
 must, falloir, devoir, 
 my, mon, ma. 
 
54 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 myself, conj.y me; disj.^ moi- 
 
 meme. 
 mysterious, mysterieux. 
 
 name, nom, m.; by — , de nom. 
 
 nap, somme, m,; to take a — , 
 faire un somme. 
 
 Napoleon, Napoleon, m, 
 
 narrow, etroit. 
 
 nation, nation, f, 
 
 national, national. 
 
 natural, natural. 
 
 naturally, naturellement. 
 
 nature, nature, /. 
 
 nave, nef, /. 
 
 navy, marine, /. 
 
 near, adv.^ pres; prep.y pres de; 
 to come — {doing something) ^ 
 faillir, with Inf.; very — /V, 
 peu s'en faut. 
 
 necessarily, forcement. 
 
 necessary, necessaire ; it is — , il 
 faut. 
 
 need, falloir, devoir, avoir 
 besoin (de). 
 
 need, besoin, m.; to have — , 
 avoir besoin (de). 
 
 neglect, negliger. 
 
 neighbor, voisin, m. 
 
 neighboring, voisin. 
 
 neither, ni; — ... nor, ni . . . 
 ni, construed with ne if accom- 
 panied by verb. 
 
 never, ne . . . jamais; — mindy 
 n'importe. 
 
 nevertheless, neanmoins. 
 
 new, nouveau. 
 
 news, nouvelles, /. pi.; piece of 
 — , nouvelle, f. 
 
 newspaper, journal, m, 
 
 next, adj.y prochain; adv.y en- 
 suite, apres. 
 
 nice, gentil. 
 
 niece, niece, f. 
 
 nine, neuf. 
 
 nineteenth, dix-neuvi^me. 
 
 no, non ; {with noun) ne . . . pas 
 de ; there is — danger^ il n'y a 
 pas de danger ; — tobacco ^ pas 
 de tabac. 
 
 nobility, noblesse, /. 
 
 noise, bruit, m. 
 
 noon, midi, m. 
 
 nor, ni ; — / either^ ni moi non 
 plus. 
 
 not, ne . . . pas; {without verb) 
 non, pas ; — ... more^ ne . . . 
 plus; — at ally pas du tout; 
 — eveny pas meme; — alto- 
 gethery pas tout a fait; // — , 
 sinon; have you — , will you 
 — , is it — , etc.y n'est-ce pas, 
 only in disj. construction. 
 
 note, note, /. 
 
 nothing {as object), ne . . . rien ; 
 {as subject) rien . . . ne; {with- 
 out verb) rien ; {with adj) rien 
 de. 
 
 notice, remarquer, s*aviser (de). 
 
 Notre-Dame, Notre-Dame, /. 
 
 novel, roman, m. 
 
 now, maintenant, a present ; jtist 
 — , en ce moment. 
 
 nowadays, de nos jours {m.). 
 
 nowhere, nulle part, with ne and 
 verb. 
 
 number, numero, m.y nombre, m, 
 
 numerous, nombreux. 
 
 object, objet, ?n. 
 obtain, obtenir, prendre, 
 occupy, occuper (de). 
 o'clock, heure, /.; Jive — , cinq 
 
 heures. 
 October, octobre, m. 
 of, prep.y de, en ; — it, — them, 
 
 etc.y en in conj. position, 
 offer, offrir. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 55 
 
 office, bureau, m, 
 
 official, officiel. 
 
 officiate, officier. 
 
 often, souvent. 
 
 oh, oh, ah. 
 
 old, vieux, ancien. 
 
 older, aine. 
 
 on, sur, a ; and so — , et ainsi de 
 
 suite, 
 once, une fois; at — {both)y ^ la 
 
 fois. 
 one, indef. pron.^ on. 
 one, numeral, un, une; — {of 
 
 several), I'un; either — , I'un 
 
 ou I'autre. 
 one's, son, sa. 
 oneself, se. 
 only, ne . . . que, seulement ; not 
 
 — , non seulement; to have — 
 
 to, n'avoir qu'a. 
 Open, ouvrir. 
 open, ouvert; in the — air, en 
 
 plein air (^«.). 
 opening, ouverture, /. 
 opera, opera, m.; light — , opera 
 
 comique; — glass, jumelle, f, 
 opinion, avis, m., opinion, /.; to 
 
 be of the — that, etre d'avis 
 
 que. 
 Oppose, opposer. 
 opposite, adv., en face (de). 
 or, ou; either . . . — , ou . . . ou, 
 
 soit . . . soit. 
 orchestra, orchestre, m. ; — stall, 
 
 fauteuil (//7.) d'orchestre. 
 order, commander; in — to, pour 
 
 with Inf. ; in — tnat, de fa9on 
 
 (/.) que with Subj., pour que 
 order, ordre, vi. [with Subj. 
 
 ordinarily, ordinairement. 
 organ, orgue, m. 
 organization, organisation, /. 
 Orient, Orient, m. 
 other, autre; (//.) les autres, 
 
 d'autres ; some . . . — s, les uns 
 
 ... les autres. 
 otherwise, autrement. 
 
 ought, falloir, devoir, 
 our, not re. 
 ourselves, nous, 
 outweigh, Temporter sur. 
 over, sur; — there, — yonder^ 
 
 la-bas. 
 overcoat, pardessus, m, 
 overthrow, renverser. 
 own, propre. 
 
 pair, paire,/. 
 
 Palais, Palais, m. 
 
 palpitating, palpitant. 
 
 pardon, pardonner, with Ace. of 
 person if alone, otherwise D it, 
 of person and Ace, of thing, 
 
 parasol, ombrelle,/. 
 
 pardon, pardon, w.; — ,Ibeg-'-y 
 pardon. 
 
 Paris, Paris. 
 
 Parisian, Parisien. 
 
 park, pare, m, 
 
 part, partie, /., part,/.; for my 
 — , pour ma part ; on your — , 
 de votre part; on their — , de 
 leur part; 07i the — of, de la 
 part de ; the most — , la plupart. 
 
 particular, particulier ; \hard to 
 please) difficile. 
 
 party, bande,/. 
 
 pass, passer (a). 
 
 pay (for), payer, with Ace, of the 
 thing paid for and of the 
 amount paid, and Dat, of the 
 person paid ; if person only, 
 use Ace. of direct object, 
 
 pedestrian, pieton, m. 
 
 people, monde, m., gens, m. pi.; 
 {as indef, subject ) on ; {indi- 
 viduals) individus, m. pi,; a 
 great many — , beaucoup de 
 monde. 
 
 per cent, pour cent. 
 
 perfect, perfectionner. 
 
S6 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 perfect, parfait. 
 
 perfectly, parfaitement, tout a 
 
 fait, 
 perhaps, peut-etre. 
 period, epoque,/. 
 permit, permettre (de). 
 person, personne,/. 
 personal, personnel, 
 persuade, persuader, convaincre. 
 Phedre, Phedre,/. 
 philosophy, philosophic,/, 
 physician, medecin, m. 
 picture (to oneself), se figurer, 
 
 se representee 
 picture, tableau, m.; — gallery^ 
 
 galerie (/.) de peintures (/.). 
 piece, morceau; — of news, 
 
 nou velle,y. / — of advice y con- 
 
 seil, m. 
 pillar, pilier, m, 
 pipe, pipe,/.; briar — , pipe en 
 
 bruyere (/); to smoke a — , 
 
 fumer la pipe. 
 pity ; to be a — that, etre dom- 
 
 mage (zw.) que, followed by 
 
 Subj. 
 place, mettre. 
 place, lieu, ni., endroit, m.; to 
 
 take — , avoir lieu, se derouler, 
 
 se passer; in the first — , 
 
 d'abord. 
 Place, Place,/, 
 plan, plan, m, 
 play, jouer; to — at cards, jouer 
 
 aux cartes (/.). 
 play, piece,/, 
 please, plaire {with Dat.) ; if you 
 
 — , s'il vous plait, 
 pleasure, plaisir, m, 
 plot, intrigue,/. 
 point, point, m.; — of view, 
 
 point de vue ; to be on the — 
 
 of, etre sur le point de. 
 point out, indiquer. 
 policy, politique,/. 
 politeness, politesse,/. 
 Pont, Pont, m. 
 
 poor, pauvre. 
 
 popular, populaire. * 
 
 portal, portail, m. 
 
 porter, facteur, m. 
 
 portfolio, portefeuille, m. 
 
 position ; to be in a — to, etre 
 
 a meme de. 
 possess, posseder. 
 possible, possible ; as soon as 
 
 — , aussitot que possible. 
 postpone, remettre. 
 potato, pomme(s) de terre,/. 
 practical, pratique. 
 precaution, precaution,/. 
 prefer, preferer, aimer mieux, 
 
 with direct Inf. 
 prepare, prepared. 
 presence, assistance,/. 
 present, presenter. 
 present, present; at — , ^ pre- 
 sent, actuellement; to be all 
 
 — , etre au complet. 
 present, cadeau, m. 
 presentable, presentable, 
 presently, tout a I'heure (/.), 
 
 bientot. 
 preserve, conserver. 
 preside, presider. 
 president, president, m, 
 pretention, pretention,/, 
 pretty, joli. 
 price, prix, m.; at a fixed — , ^ 
 
 prix fixe; given — , prix 
 
 convenu. 
 priest, pretre, m. 
 principal, principal, 
 private, particulier. 
 privileged, privilegie. 
 prize, prix, m.; first — men, des 
 
 premiers prix. 
 probably, probablement. 
 professional, de metier (w.). 
 professor, professeur, m. 
 profit, profiter (de), tirer profit 
 
 (^.) (de). 
 profit, profit, w.; to get — froMy 
 
 profiter (de). 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 57 
 
 programme, programme, m. 
 
 progress, progres, m. pL 
 
 promise, promettre. 
 
 properly, comma il faut. 
 
 proportion, proportion,/. 
 
 propose, proposer. 
 
 prose, prose,/. 
 
 prostrate, prosterner. 
 
 proverb, proverbe, m, 
 
 protest, protester. 
 
 provided that, pourvu que {fol- 
 lowed by SubJ.). 
 
 province, province,/. 
 
 provincial, de province (/.). 
 
 prudent, prudent. 
 
 Prussia, Prusse,/. 
 
 public, public, m. 
 
 public, public (/. publique). 
 
 purchase, achat, m.; (errand) 
 emplette,/. 
 
 pure, pur. 
 
 purse, bourse,/. 
 
 ;9ut (on), mettre. 
 
 quay, quai, m. 
 
 quality, qualite,/. 
 
 quarter, (of a city) quartier, tn.^ 
 quart, m.; a short — of an 
 hour, un petit quart d'heure. 
 
 question, question,/. 
 
 quickly, vite, rapidement. 
 
 quite, assez; {entirely) tout ^ 
 fait ; — wellf assez bien. 
 
 R 
 
 rack, filet, m, 
 
 rapture; to go into — s, se 
 
 pamer. 
 rare, rare; {of meat) saignant. 
 rarely, rarement. 
 rather, assez, plutot. 
 ratify, ratifier. 
 
 read, lire. 
 
 ready, pret. 
 
 realism, realisme, m, 
 
 really, bien, vraiment. 
 
 reassure, rassurer. 
 
 receive, recevoir. 
 
 recently, recemment. 
 
 reckon, compter; to — sepa- 
 rately, compter \ part. 
 
 recollection, souvenir, m, 
 
 reenforce, renforcer. 
 
 reform, reforme,/. 
 
 refreshments, rafraichisse- 
 
 ments, m. pi., consomma- 
 tion,/. 
 
 regard, egard, m,; with — to, h. 
 1 'egard de ; in — /i?, 4 propos de. 
 
 region, region,/. 
 
 register, enregistrer. 
 
 regret, regretter (de) ; — greatly ^ 
 regret ter bien (de). 
 
 reign, regne, m. 
 
 relation, relation,/. 
 
 relative, parent, m. 
 
 relatively, relativement. 
 
 relic (of a saint), relique,/. 
 
 remain, rester. 
 
 remark, remarquer. 
 
 remarkable, remarquable. 
 
 remember, se rappeler, se souve- 
 nir (de) ; / — it, je me le rap- 
 pelle, je m*en souviens. 
 
 remote, recule. 
 
 render, rendre. 
 
 rent, louer. 
 
 rent, loyer, m, 
 
 repairs, reparations,/.//. 
 
 repertory, repertoire, m. 
 
 represent, representer. 
 
 repression, repression,/. 
 
 republic, republique,/. 
 
 reserve, retenir, reserver. 
 
 residence, hotel, m. 
 
 resign, demissionner. 
 
 resignation, demission,/. 
 
 respect, respecter. 
 
 respectable, convenable. 
 
58 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 responsibility, responsabilite,/. 
 
 rest, repos, m.; {remainder) 
 reste, m. 
 
 restaurant, restaurant, m. 
 
 result, effet, w., resultat, m. 
 
 retrace; to — my steps, revenir 
 sur mes pas (w.). 
 
 return, rentier. 
 
 return, retour, m, ; — ticket, bil- 
 let (w.), d'aller et retour. 
 
 review, revue,/. 
 
 revolution, revolution,/. 
 
 revue, revue,/ 
 
 rich, riche. 
 
 riches, richesses,/. //. 
 
 ridiculous, ridicule. 
 
 right, droit, in,; — of way, haut 
 (w.) du pave ; on the — , to the 
 — , a droite; to be — , avoir 
 raison, /. (de); all — , tres 
 bien, ^ la bonne heure! exactly 
 — , a point ; — away, tout de 
 suite (/.), ^ I'instant (w.). 
 
 riser; to be an early — , etre 
 matinal. 
 
 Rivoli, Rivoli. 
 
 road, route,/. 
 
 role, role, m. 
 
 roll, petit pain, m» 
 
 Roman, romain. 
 
 room, piece,/., (bedroom) cham- 
 bre,/. 
 
 Roquefort (kind of cheese), 
 Roquefort, m. 
 
 rose, rose,/. 
 
 row, ramer. 
 
 row, rang, m, 
 
 rue, rue,/. 
 
 ruin, miner. 
 
 run, courir. 
 
 run (of train), trajet, m. 
 
 sacred, sacre, follows its noun, 
 sacredness, saintete, /. 
 
 sad, triste. 
 
 safe, sauf ; — and sound, sain et 
 
 sauf. 
 safeguard, sauvegarder. 
 saint, saint, m. 
 salad, salade,/. 
 salon, salon, m, 
 same, meme; to be all the — , 
 
 etre egal; at the — time, en 
 
 meme temps (w.). 
 sanitary, sain. 
 sash, glace,/. 
 satisfy, satisfaire (de). 
 Saturday, samedi, m. 
 sauce, sauce,/. 
 save; to — money, faire des 
 
 economies (/. //.). 
 savings, economies,/.//. 
 say, dire ; J should — so, je crois 
 
 bien ; that is to — , c'est-a-dire ; 
 at goes without — ing, il va sans 
 
 dire, 
 scarcely, ne . . . guere. 
 scene, scene,/. 
 school, ecole,/. 
 science, science,/, 
 score, vingtaine,/. 
 scratch, egratignure,/. 
 scream, pousser des cris (w.). 
 sculpture, sculpture, /. ; wood 
 
 — , sculpture en bois (w.). 
 seaport, port (z«.) de mer (/). 
 search (for), chercher. 
 seashore, bord (w.) de la mer. 
 season, saison, /./ the dead — , 
 
 la morte saison; in the — , 
 
 dans la saison. 
 seat, asseoir. 
 seat, place,/, 
 second, deuxieme, second, 
 see, voir; — again, revoir; — 
 
 here, tenez ! let us — , voyons. 
 seem, sembler. 
 Seine, Seine,/, 
 sell, vendre. 
 senator, senateur, m» 
 send, envoyer. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 59 
 
 sensible, sensible, 
 separately, a part. 
 separation, separation,/". 
 September, septembre, m. 
 serious, serieux, grave; — 
 
 minded^ serieux. 
 seriously, serieusement. 
 servant, domestique, m. ; — girl, 
 
 bonne,/. 
 serve, servir (^, with verF) ; to — 
 
 as, servir de, with noun, 
 service, service, m, 
 set out, partir. 
 settle, resoudre. 
 seven, sept. 
 
 seventeenth, dix-septi^me. 
 several, plusieurs. 
 sewer, egout, m. 
 shop, courir les magasins {m.)y 
 
 faire des emplettes (/.). 
 shopper, faiseur {m.) d'em- 
 
 plettes (/.). 
 short, court; in — , bref, enfin; 
 
 in a — titfie^ sous peu. 
 show, montrer, faire voir, 
 side, cot^, m.; on the other — , de 
 
 I'autre cot^; on both — j, de 
 
 part et d'autre; on all — j, 
 
 de tous cotes, partout. 
 sight, vue, /.; (show, place) 
 
 spectacle, m.; to catch — of, 
 
 apercevoir. 
 similar, semblable. 
 simple, simple ; the simplest thing 
 
 to do is to^ le plus simple, c'est 
 
 de. 
 since, i^dv., depuis ; — then, de- 
 
 puis lors ; conj. {of time), depuis 
 
 que; {inasmuch as) puisque. 
 sincere, sincere, 
 sing, chanter, 
 single; in a — day, dans une 
 
 meme journee. 
 sir, monsieur, m. 
 sister, soeur; your — , madame 
 
 {or mademoiselle) votre soeur. 
 sit (down), s'asseoir, se mettre. 
 
 site, site, m. 
 
 situation, place, /. 
 
 six, six. 
 
 sixty, soixante. 
 
 sixty-five, soixante-cinq. 
 
 skilful, habile. 
 
 sleep, dormir; to go to — again, 
 se rendormir. 
 
 slice, tranche, /. 
 
 small, petit. 
 
 smell, sentir. 
 
 smoke, fumer. 
 
 smoker, fumeur, m, 
 
 so, si, tellement; {thus, conse- 
 quently) ainsi, aussi, par con- 
 sequent ; — . . , as, aussi . . . 
 que ; — much, — many {before 
 noun), tant (de), {before past 
 /rtr/.) tellement ; I suppose — , 
 je le suppose; / should say 
 — , je crois bien ; — that {re- 
 sult), de sorte que, with Ind.; 
 
 — that {^purpose), de'fa9on 
 que, with Subj.; — to speak, 
 pour ainsi dire; and — on, et 
 ainsi de suite. 
 
 society, societe, /. 
 
 soldier, soldat, m, 
 
 sole, sole, /. 
 
 solid, solide. 
 
 solo, solo, m, 
 
 some {partitive), de, with def, 
 art.; adj., quelque; pron., quel- 
 qu'un \pl. quelques-uns); — 
 few, quelque {adj^', there are 
 
 — of them, il y en a; — ... 
 others, les uns . . . les autres. 
 
 some one, quelqu'un. 
 something, quelquechose, with 
 
 de before an adj. 
 sometimes, quelquefois, parfois. 
 somewhat, un peu. 
 son, fils, m. 
 soon, bientot, tot ; — er, plus tot ; 
 
 as — as, des que; so — , si 
 
 tot; as — as possible, aussitot 
 
 que possible. 
 
6o 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 Sorbonne, Sorbonne, /. 
 sou, sou, m. (= one cent), 
 sound, sain ; safe and — , sain et 
 
 sauf. 
 soup, potage, m. 
 South, midi, m. 
 souvenir, souvenir, m, 
 Spain, Espagne, /. 
 Spanish, espagnol. 
 spare, faire grace (/.) (de). 
 speak, parler; so to — , pour 
 
 ainsi dire ; to — French^ parler 
 
 fran9ais; to hear spoken of, 
 
 entendre parler de. 
 specimen, echantillon, m, 
 speed, Vitesse, /. 
 spend (time), passer (a); {money) 
 
 depenser. 
 spot {place) y endroit, m. 
 spring, printemps, m. 
 sprinkle, arroser. 
 spy, guetterS 
 square, place, /.; cathedral — , 
 
 parvis, m, 
 stained-glass window, vitrail, 
 
 m. {pi. vitraux). 
 staircase, escalier, m.; winding 
 
 — , escalier en lima9on. 
 stand, se mettre. [nent. 
 
 standing {permanent)^ perma- 
 start, partir. 
 state, etat, m. 
 station, gare, /. 
 stay, rester. 
 stay, sejour, m. 
 steamer, paquebot, m. 
 step, pas, m. 
 
 still, adv., encore, toujours. 
 stop, s'arreter, arreter 
 store, magasin, m. 
 stranger, etranger, m, 
 street, rue, /. 
 
 strike, f rapper; {clock) sonner. 
 striking, frappant. 
 strong, fort. 
 
 stronghold, place forte, /. 
 student, etudiant, -e, m. and f. 
 
 studio, atelier, m. 
 
 study, etudier. 
 
 study, etude, /.; advanced 
 
 studies, etudes superieures. 
 stupid, bete, 
 style, style, m.; to be the — , etre 
 
 a la mode, 
 stylish, chic. 
 subject, sujet, m, 
 succeed, reussir. 
 success, succes, m, 
 such, tel, pareil; — as, tel que; 
 
 in — places, dans des endroits 
 
 {m^ pareils. [(^•)' 
 
 sudden ; all of a — , tout \ coup 
 suffer, souffrir. 
 suffice, suffire. 
 suit, aller, convenir {both con- 
 
 strued with Dat.). 
 sum, somme, f. 
 summer, ete, m. 
 summon, appeler. 
 Sunday, dimanche, m.; on — , le 
 
 dimanche. 
 superior, superieur. 
 supplement, supplement, m. 
 suppose, supposer; — we go, si 
 
 nous allionsj / — so, je le 
 
 suppose, 
 sure, sur; to be — , bien sur! 
 surround, entourer (de). 
 Switzerland, Suisse, /. 
 system, systeme, w. 
 
 table, table, /. 
 
 table d'hote, table (/.) d'hote. 
 
 take, prendre; {escort) mener; 
 — away, enlever; — out, 
 sortir; — a walk, faire une 
 promenade; — a trip, — a 
 turn, faire un tour; — place, 
 avoir lieu (w.), se derouler, se 
 passer ; — charge of, se charger 
 de J — a nap, faire un somme. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 6i 
 
 talk, parler. 
 
 Tartar, tartare. 
 
 task, tache, /.; to devote oneself 
 
 to the — , se donner pour tache 
 
 (de). 
 taste, gout, m,; to be to the — of^ 
 
 convenir i. 
 teach, apprendre (i). 
 technical, technique, 
 telegraph, telegraphier. 
 telephone, telephoner. 
 tell {inform)^ dire; (relate) ra- 
 
 conter. 
 temperature, temperature, /. 
 ten, dix. 
 
 tenant, locataire, m. 
 terrace^ terrasse, /. 
 testament, testament, m, 
 text, texte, m. 
 than, que ; (be/ore expression of 
 
 quantity) de. 
 thank, remercier (de) ; — yoti^ 
 
 thankSf merci, je vous remer- 
 
 cie. 
 that, adj\y ce (/. cette, //. ces). 
 that, rel. pron.y que. 
 that (one), pron,y cela, celui (/. 
 
 celle); those;" ceux, ceux-14, 
 
 celles-1^; {that which) ce que; 
 
 — is ity c'e^t cela ; — is to say^ 
 
 c*est-4-dire. 
 that, conj.^ que. 
 the, le (/. la, //. les). 
 theatre, theatre, m, 
 their, leur. 
 
 them, conj.^ les ; disj,^ eux. 
 themselves, conj.y se; disj.^ eux- 
 
 memes. 
 then {temporal)^ alors; {next^ in 
 
 addition) puis, ensuite; since 
 
 — , depuis lors. 
 there, disj. adv., 1^, la-bas; conj. 
 
 adv,f y; — is^ — are (stating 
 
 existence) J il y a ; — />, — are 
 
 (pointing out), voil^; — were, 
 
 il y avait ; — are some of them, 
 
 il y en a ; over — , 1^-bas. 
 
 thesis, these,/ 
 
 they, ils (/ elles) ; (indef) on. 
 
 thing, chose, f; (belongings) 
 affaires, fpl. ; to be the fi7iest 
 — , etre ce qu'il y a de plus 
 beau. 
 
 think, croire, penser ; to — that 
 (exclam.), et dire que. 
 
 third, troisieme. 
 
 thirteen, treize. 
 
 this, adj.y ce (/. cette, //. ces). 
 
 this f pron.f ce, ceci, cela, 9a; — 
 one, celui- ci (/. celle-ci) ; these, 
 ceux-ci (f. celles-ci); — is 
 (pointing out), voici. 
 
 three, trois. 
 
 through, par; — here, par ici. 
 
 thus, ainsi; {in this way) de 
 cette fa9on. 
 
 ticket, billet, m,; — window^ 
 guichet, m.; second class — , 
 seconde, f, 
 
 till, jusqu*^; (in taking leave) 
 — tomorrow, h. demain; — 
 Saturday, \ samedi. 
 
 time, temps, m., iQ\^,f, ; from — 
 to — , de temps en temps ; at 
 the — of, lors de; to have a 
 good — , s'amuser bien ; to have 
 a very good — , s'amuser beau- 
 coup ; in a short — , sous peu ; 
 at the same — , en meme temps ; 
 what — , quelle heure; on — , 
 4 Theure; a long — , longtemps 
 (adv^; for a long — , depuis 
 longtemps. 
 
 tiny, tout petit. 
 
 tip, pourboire, m. 
 
 tiresome, ennuyeux, embetant. 
 
 tired, fatigue. 
 
 to, prep., a; (complementary with 
 Inf^ k, de ; (in order to) pour, 
 afin de, both with Inf.; (with 
 complementary Inf, depending 
 upon trop) pour. 
 
 tobacco, tabac, m. 
 
 to-day, aujourd'hui. 
 
62 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 tolerably, assez; — welly tant 
 
 bien que mal. 
 tomato, tomate, /.; — salad^ 
 
 salade (/.) aux tomates. 
 to-morrow, demain. 
 too, trop; — much, — many, 
 
 trop (de). 
 top ; on — {of an omnibus), h. 
 
 rimperiale (/.). 
 torment, tourmenter. 
 total, total, m.; {amount) mon- 
 
 tant, m. 
 touchstone, pierre (/.) de touche. 
 tour, tour, m. 
 Touraine, Touraine, /. 
 Touring-Club, Touring-Club, 
 
 m. 
 tourist, touriste, m. 
 Tours, Tours, 
 toward, envers. 
 tower, tour,/, 
 tragic, tragique. 
 train, train, m. 
 
 transformer, transformer (eri). 
 travel, voyager, f aire un voyage ; 
 
 — ing companion, compagnon 
 
 ( i.) de voyage, 
 traveler, voyageur, m, 
 treasury, tresor, m. 
 treat, traiter. 
 trial, experience,/.; to make — 
 
 of, faire I'experience de. 
 trip, voyage, m., tour, m.; to 
 
 take a — , faire un tour; to 
 
 have a good — , faire un bon 
 
 voyage, 
 trouble, chagrin, m,, peine,/.; // 
 
 is worth the — , cela (en) vaut 
 
 la peine ; it is not worth the — , 
 
 ce n'est pas la peine, 
 trunk, malle, /. ; — dealer, mar- 
 
 chand (w.) de malles. 
 try, tacher (de), essayer (de). 
 Tuesday, mardi, m. 
 Tuileries, Tuileries,/.//. 
 turn, tour, m.; to take a — , faire 
 
 un tour. 
 
 twelfth, douzieme. 
 
 twelve, douze ; {noon) midi, m, ; 
 
 {midnight) minuit, m. 
 twenty, vingt, vingtaine,/.; — ' 
 
 years ago, il y a une vingtaine 
 
 d*annees (/.). 
 twenty-five, vingt-cinq. 
 two, deux. 
 
 umbrella, parapluie, m, 
 
 under, sous. 
 
 understand, comprendre, enten- 
 dre. 
 
 unfortunate, malheureux. 
 
 United States, fitats-Unis, m, 
 pL; in the — , aux Etats- 
 Unis. 
 
 university, universite,/. 
 
 unless, a moins que, with ne and 
 the Subj. 
 
 until, jusqu'^. 
 
 upon, sur. 
 
 upstairs, en haut. 
 
 us, nous ; {emphatic) nous autres. 
 
 use, make use, se servir (de). 
 
 useful, utile. 
 
 vain, vam. 
 
 vainly, vainement. 
 
 valise, valise,/. 
 
 valley, vallee,/. 
 
 value, valeur,/. 
 
 variety, variete,/. 
 
 vast, vaste. 
 
 vaulted, voute. 
 
 vegetable, legume, m, 
 
 veritable, veritable. 
 
 very, tres, bien. 
 
 view, vue,/.; point of — , point 
 
 (w.) de vue; to have in — ? 
 
 avoir en vue. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 ^. 
 
 violet, violette,/. 
 visit, visiter, 
 visit, visite,/. 
 vote, voter, 
 vote, vote, m. 
 
 W 
 
 wait (for), attendre. 
 
 waiter, gar9on, m. 
 
 walk, se promener, marcher ; to 
 take a — , faire una prome- 
 nade. 
 
 wall, mur, m, 
 
 want (polite) y d^sirer; (forcible) 
 vouloir; (to need) falloir. 
 
 war, guerre,/. 
 
 warm, chauffer; — again^ re- 
 chauffer; get — , se rechauf- 
 fer. 
 
 warm, chaud; // is — , il fait 
 chaud. 
 
 wash, laver. 
 
 waste, gaspiller. 
 
 watch, montre, /.; by your — , 
 ^ votre montre. 
 
 water, eau,/. 
 
 way, moyen, m,; in the — of 
 wine, comme vin (m.); by the 
 — , ^ propos ; this — , par ici ; 
 that — , comme 9a; the right 
 of — , le haut du pave ; to be 
 the same — with^ en etre de 
 meme de ; there is no — to^ il 
 n'y a pas moyen de. 
 
 We> nous ; (emphatic) nous 
 autres. 
 
 weather, temps, m. 
 
 Wednesday, mercredi, m.; — 
 evening, mercredi soir (w.). 
 
 week, semaine,/., huit jours, m. 
 pi.; a — or so, une huitaine 
 de jours; by the — , a la se- 
 maine. 
 
 welcome, bienvenu; to be — , 
 etre le bienvenu. 
 
 well, adv.y bien; exclam., (eh) 
 bien; — then, eh bien; — 
 done, reussi; as — as, aussi 
 bien que. 
 
 western, de Touest (m). 
 
 what, exclam., quoi; rel, pron, 
 (that which), ce que; interrog.y 
 que, conj. case, quoi, disj, case; 
 interrog. adj., quel ; — a, — an^ 
 exclam., quel. 
 
 when, r^/.,lorsque, quand; inter^ 
 rog., quand. 
 
 whence, d'ou. 
 
 where, oii. 
 
 which, qui, que, ce qui, ce que, 
 lequel, laquelle; of — , dont, 
 duquel, de laquelle. 
 
 while, pendant que ; {^ith Pres, 
 Part.) en. 
 
 white, blanc. 
 
 who, interrog., qui; rel., qui, le- 
 quel; whom, conj., que, disj., 
 qui; of whom, rel., dont, d« 
 qui; interrog., de qui. 
 
 whose ; at — house, chez qui. 
 
 why, interrog., pourqu'oi; ex- 
 clam., mais. 
 
 wicker, osier, m.; — trunks 
 malle (/.) en osier. 
 
 will, vouloir; — you (request 
 and question), voulez-vous. 
 
 willing (to be), vouloir. 
 
 willingly, volontiers. 
 
 winding; — staircase, escalier 
 (fw.) en lima9on. 
 
 window, fenetre, /. ; (of train) 
 portiere, /. ; (sash) glace, /. ; 
 (of ticket office) guichet, m.; 
 bow — , fenetre en rotonde. 
 
 wine, vin, m. 
 
 winter, hiver, m.; in — , en 
 hiver. 
 
 wish, vouloir, desirer. 
 
 wish, voeu(x), m. 
 
 with, avec, par, chez, de. 
 
 without, prep., sans ; conj., sans 
 Q^Q, followed by Subj. 
 
$4 
 
 -'TOCABULARY 
 
 woman, femme,/. 
 
 wonder, prodige, m, 
 
 wonderful, etonnant, extraordi- 
 naire. 
 
 won't you {after a verb), n'est-ce 
 pas. 
 
 wood, bois, til, 
 
 word, mot, m., parole,/. 
 
 work, travailler. 
 
 work, travail, m.; public — j, 
 travaux publics. 
 
 world, monde, m. 
 
 worshipper, adorateur, m, 
 
 worth (to be), valoir; it is — 
 the trouble^ cela (en) vaut la 
 peine ; it is not — the trouble f 
 ce n*est pas la peine (de). 
 
 write, ecrire. 
 
 wrong (to be) ,^ avoir tort Im.) 
 (de). 
 
 year, an, w., ann^e, /"./ a — , 
 
 yearly^ par an. 
 yes, oui. 
 yesterday, bier, 
 yet, encore, 
 yield, ceder. 
 yonder, 1^-bas. 
 you, vous, tu; (indef.) on; — 
 
 Americans y vous autres Ameri- 
 
 cains. 
 young, jeune; — men, jeunes 
 
 gens, m.pL; — people, jeunes 
 
 gens, jeunesse,/. 
 your, votre, ton. 
 yours, le votre, le tien. 
 yourself, vous. 
 youth, jeunesse,/. 
 
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