GIFT OF Eugene ^, Prus •ing ] Caki.yi.e Arms, 1370. CARLYLE FAMILY AND DESCENDANTS OF JOHN AND SARAH (FAIRFAX) CARLYLE. THE CARLYLE HOUSE AND ITS ASSOCLATIONS. KY RICHARD HENRY SPENCER. V KiCHMOND, Va.: wiurraT & sukit'Ekson. I'.dii. CS7( CARLYLE FAMILY. The Carlyle family is one of the most ancient families of Great Britain, and one which the Conqueror found in England at the Conquest, and a branch of which later was ennobled in Scotland. Its origin was either British or Saxon, but which seems uncertain, most probably British. While the name is clearly derived from the town or district g^ of Carlisle, Lugavellum of the Romans, abbreviated by the ^ Britons to Luel or Leol, to which was added the prefix Caer »« or "City" — hence Caerleol, Karleol, Cairleil, Carleil, Carlile, > Carlisle and Carlyle — with which the earliest recorded mem- z bers of the family were connected, there is no trustworthy evidence of their origin or their history before the year 1092, i3^when King William Rufus overran Cumberland, adding it to • ^ his English Kingdom, and being impressed with its importance ^ as a Border military station, began to rebuild and fortify the i town of Caerleol (Carlisle) which had been destroyed by the Danes in 875, and which was among the most ancient of the twenty-eight cities enumerated in history, the name of the city, Ni'as well as of the family, being variously s])elt at different periods. At or very shortly after the Conquest, the district wherein the town of Caerleol (Carlisle) arose, and the manor of Cum- quinton, in the ])arish of Wetherhal, Cumberland, and other lands, including Kirkhampton his principal scat, belonged to one I IiLDREDUS DE Caerleol Of DE Karleol, a cognonicn which descended to his posterity. He is said to have married a grand- daughter of Walthcof the Earl of Xorthumberland. About 1 1 30, "he is found rendering accounts to the Exchequer of the King's manor at Carlisle, dealing also with the wall of the city." He afterwards acquired Xcwbie-on-the-Moor. He was succeeded by his son. Odard nr. Karleol, who is stated to have been in the Castle 27i)5B0 c^ •s, 6 Carlyle Family of Carlisle in the service of King Henry II., when the fortress was besieged by King William of Scotland in 1174. He died before 1177, leaving at least two sons, Robert and Richard. Robert de Karleol, the eldest son, born about 1139, held the lands of Locardebi or Lockerbie, in Annandale, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, given to him by Robert de Brus (Bruce) First Lord of Annandale, and they seem to have proved a cause of dis- pute between the grantor's son William de Brus, Second Lord of Annandale and Adam de Karleol, the son of Robert. Robert de Karleol is a witness to various writs by William de Brus after 1194. He died in 1209, leaving two sons Adam and Odard. Among the Norman followers of the Conqueror Robert de Brus, Jardine and Comyn were transferred to the north of England. Here these Norman settlers intermarried with the Maxwells, Murrays, Carleils, Kirkpatricks, Irvings, Grahams, Carrutherses and other families in Drumfriesshire, all of whom played a distinguished part in Scottish public life. Miss C. L. Johnstone in her "Historical Families of Dum- friesshire," 1889, says: "Early in the 12th century Robert de Brus held the title of the Lord of the valley of Annan or Annandale. Between 1170 and 1180, William de Brus, Second Lord of Annandale, granted lands to Adam de Caerleol, a native of the soil, who held property in Cumberland and the lands of Newbie in Dumfriesshire ; and in a charter of Henry de Graeme, ancestor of the Duke of Montrose, the district of Dumfriesshire from Wamphray, inclusive to Greistna (Gretna) Greene, is granted about 1180, to David Carleil, Lord of Torthorwald. "Twa score Carvels (Carleils) frae Cockpool" are mentioned in an ancient ballad called "The Bedesman of Nithsdale," as having followed Richard I. of England to the Crusades." Adam de Karleol, before mentioned, son of Robert, grand- son of Odard, and great grandson of Hildred, is the first of his family whose connection with Scotland is clearly estab- lished, though his father Robert as has already been stated held lands there, and he was the first to possess Kinmount, Carlyle F.\.M1I.^• 7 Annandale, which descended to his family for several genera- tions. His wife's name was [Matilda. He died about 1213, leaving at least one son. EuDO DE Caerleol, who is on record in 12 17, when his lands in Norfolk were ordered to be bestowed upon Robert de Vaux, because Eudo was with the King of Scots, Alexander H. then at variance with the young King of England, Henry HI., who seized the lands, but the confiscation was probably not carried out. He died about 1230, leaving at least one son. William de Caerleol, who is first named in a writ in favor of Robert de Brus, Third Lord of Annandale, the date of which cannot be later than 1245, and he was then a Knight. Sometime before 1252, as Sir William, son of Eudo de Caerleol, he granted to a relative Adam, son of Roger de Carliol, an an- nual rent from lands in Cumquinton, which Adam afterwards bestowed upon the monks of Wetherhal. He left two sons William and Eudo. ^^'ILLL\^r DE Caikli:il, the eldest son, known as William the younger and whose wife's name was Sapientia, died before 25 June 1274, and apparently in the lifetime of his father, leaving a son. William de Cairleil, who succeeded his grandfather and who attained the honor of Knighthood before January, 1304, received from Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick and Lord of Annandale, afterwards King Robert L of Scotland, an addition to his estate of Kinmount. His wife was Lady Mar- garet Bruce, daughter of the Earl of Carrick and sister of King Robert L as is evident from a grant of that monarch, "Guilielmus Cairlyle militi. et Margaretae spousae suae, sorosi nostrae carissima, de terris dc Crnmanstnnn." He died be- fore March 1329. Their issue so far as known were two sons William and John. The latter is said to have been at the battle of Halidon ilil], but he died before 1347, leaving a son Williaiu, of whom later. William Cairli:il, the eldest son. is first referred to about 1323, as son and heir of Sir William Cairleil and as "the King's sister's son," and who then obtaiind from liruce his 8 Carlvli-: Family uncle a charter of the lands of Coulyn and Roucan, parts of the barony of Torthorvvald. He died before 24 July 1347, leaving his nephew William, son of his brother John above mentioned his heir, who then succeeded to the estates of his uncle William, and also to the estates of his father John, and all the possessions of the family appear to have become vested in him. He left a son Sir John Carleil, who is first named in 1398, as one of the conservators of a truce with England. He died about 1433, leaving at least one son Sir William Carleil of Torthorwald,^ who is named as son and heir of Sir John Carleil in a safe conduct of date 3 Nov. 141 3, when he passed into England as one of several hostages for payment of a debt due by the Countess of Douglas to an English Knight. While his father was still alive he. as Wil- liam Carleil of Torthorwald entered into an agreement, sealed at Dumfries 8 Mar. 1432/33, with Sir Thomas Kirkpatrick (a Celtic family found very early in Scottish history) of Close- burn,- to marry William's son John to Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas. 1 An old stone, with a cross-flory, and a sword, is built in Torthor- wald Church, and another stone like the half of a pillar (the other half being lost) has been found in the church-yard, with two shields, one with the Cairleil cross alone ; the other quarterings of Carleil and Bruce, and also the inscription Mariota de Cair . . . and the date CCCLI or CCCCLI, (1351 or 1451). She was evidently married to a Bruce, a bond additional to that of the marriage of Sir William to the sister of King Robert I. {Tlic Patrician, edited by John Burke, London, 1847.) - Closeburn was granted to Ivon Kirkpatrick in 12.^2, by Alexander ii, of Scotland. His great grandson Roger Kirkpatrick was the Knight who, in order to make sure, dispatched the wounded Comyn, at the back of the High Altar in the Gray Friar's Church. Dumfries, in 130S, who had been stabbed by Robert Bruce, who charged him with treachery revealing to Edward I. the designs he had formed for the emancipation of his country from the English yoke. Duncan Kirkpatrick, the father of this Roger, had in 1280, married the daughter of Sir David Carleil of Torthorwald. The castle contained an oubliette, a vaulted dungeon with only one aperture in the top for the admission of air. in which per- sons were confined who were condemned to perpetual punishment. Carlvlk Family 9 This Sir William Carleil was one of the numerous train of Knights. Esquires and Archers who attended the Princess Margaret, daughter of James I. of Scotland, when she was married to the Dauphin, afterwards Louis XI. 24 June 1436. He married Elizabeth daughter of Sir Duncan Kirkpatrick, who died before 1436. He resided at Torthorwald Castle, now the wreck of a massive keep of the fourteenth century, four miles east of Dumfries, on a ridge between Nithsdale and An- nandale. It is situated on a mound surrounded by ancient earthworks. '•Lo! on that moj.ind in days of feudal pride, Thy towering castle frown'd above the tide." In 1443, he is styled Lord of Kinmount and Torthorwald. He had a royal charter to himself and his heirs of the lands of Lymekilns, in Dumfriesshire, 25 April 1452. He gave a bell to the town of Dumfries, bearing the in- scription in old Latin, "GnilUclmus dc Carleil, Dom dc Torthor- wald. iiic sicut fecit fieri, in hororem, Sancti Michaelis. Ann. Dom. MCCCCXLIII. This bell, a few years ago, was still in existence. He died before 10 Nov. 1463. leaving issue: 1. Jiihn. wlu> succeeded. 2. Adam, to whom was left I'rydekirk. 3. James. Rector of Kirkpatrick. 4. Margaret, m. Sir. William Douglas, Third ]\Iarquis of Queen sherry. Sir b.lin Carleil. the eldest son, was created First Lord Carlei! in 1473. whence the Lords Carleil, who a few genera- tions later became extinct, the estates through the female line passing to the descendants of Sir James Douglas of Parkhead. wh(. was stabbed to death on the street in Edinburgh, 14 July 1608. and on the death of whose son in 1638. the estates went into the possession of the Earl of Queensberry, and the title which was a male fee and did not pass with the land, long ago supjioscd to be with the Lynukilns branch of the family, has ever . The Book of Life the shining record tells." "12 C.\RLV[,K Fam II,V "Of virtue, wit, grace, truth, love, pietie, This womau in her tyme had store, On small means she upheld great honestie, And in reward has endless glore." It is said that the Carhle property, which once comprised half of Annandale, was reduced in 1700, to a few isolated estates. Adam Carlile, of Limekilns, son of Edward and Mar- garet (Young) Carhle, b. 1638, m. Grizel Menzies of Culte- raws. Their children were : 1. John Carlyle of Limekilns d. s. p. 2. Alexander Carlyle, who emigrated to Maryland prior to 1712, and settled in Somerset County, where he became a large landholder and m. 6 Sept. 1720, Margaret McAlister of that county. He died in 1726, leaving two sons, Adam, b. 13 Feb. 1724/5, and John, b. 28 Feb. 1725/6, d. s. p. Adam Carlyle, the eldest son, after the death of his mother in 1733. went to Scotland to live and m. Philadelphia Carruthers of Holmains. On the death of his uncle John in 1742, he in- herited Limekilns, but was ruined by the failure of a bank at Ayr in 1766. His six sons, Alexander, Adam, John, James, George and William d. s. p. 3. Mary Carlyle, m. David Murray of Beltriding. 4. Margaret Carlyle, m. Christopher Carruthers of Hard- rigg- 5. Adam Carlyle, d. s. p. 6. Agnes Carlyle, m. Mr. Lindsey, of Clifton. 7. William Carlvlk, a surgeon of Carlisle. England, b. 1685, d. 3 July 1744. m. 7 Oct. 1714, Rachel Murray of Mur- raythwaite, Dumsfriesshire, "a family which had been settled at and possessors of Murraythwaite since about the year 1421, and derive paternally from the ancient family of Cockpool, from whom the Murrays, Earls of Annandale, now extinct, were descended." Nicholas Carlisle, in his History of the "Ancient Family of Carlisle," 1822, says: "She was the most handsome lady of her time in Annandale, and was celebrated for the beauty I)H. \\ II.I lAM <'AKIYI,K. IfjS.") l';41. 14* Cak[,vi,i.: Family of Ikt soft (lark eves, which descended to several of her offspring." Their children were: 1. George Carlvle. M. D.. of whom presentlv. 2. (Jracile Carl vie. b. 26 Nov. 1717, d. 12 July 1721. 3. John Carlvle. of whom i)resentl\-. 4. William Carlvle. b. 29 Alay 1722. d. 27 Mar. 1723. 5. Adam Carlvle, b. 5 Aug. 1724. d. in. 6. Christiana Carlyle. b. 7 Aug. 1725. d. ii Dec. 1726. 7. Adam Carlyle, b. 18 June 1728, d. 9 Feb. 1729/30. 8. James Carlyle, b. 12 Sept. 1729. d. 17 Feb. 1730/31. 9. Rachel Carlyle. b. 30 May 1731. d. 3 May 1733. 10. Jean Carlyle. b. 8 June 1733. d. 12 Feb. 1735/6. (h-OKOK Cari^vle, AL D.. of Carlisle. England, eldest son of Dr. William and Rachel ( ^lurray ) Carlyle, b. 11 Nov. 1715. (1. 21 ( )ct. 1754, m. 3 Sept. 1751. Dorothy Dacre Ap- l)leby. daughter of Joseph Dacre Applebv of Kirkhinton. d. 17 Aug. 1805. aet 88. Their children were: 1. Susannah Mauria Carlyle, b. 29 Sept. 1752. d. un. 2. William Carlyle. b. 17 T'eb. 1754. d. 13 Mar. 1754. 3. George Carlyle, b. 30 Oct. 1756. d. 18 Xov. 1757. 4. Joseph Dacre Carlvle. of whom presently. 5. Rachel Carlyle, b. 4 Jan. 1760. d. 6 May 1761. 6. Dorothy Carlyle, b. it Dec. 1761, d. un. Re\'. Josei'h Dacri-: C.vklvle, 15. D.,"' second son of Dr. George and Dorothy Dacre (Appleby) Carlyle, b. 4 June 1758, d. 12 Ai)ril 1804. m. 10 Oct. 1786, Margaret Kerr, daughter of James Kerr, of East Grange, Fifeshire. He was chancellor of Carlisle and professor of Arabic in the I'niversity of Cam- bridge, England. Their children were : 'fe^ 1. George Carlyle, b. i Oct. 1787. d. to Mar. 1798. 2. Eleanor Carlyle. b. T2 Jan. T793, m. Lieutenant-Colonel Henrv Dundas Maclean of the British Army. John Carlyle, second son of Dr. William and Rachel (Murray) Carlyle, b. 6 Feb. 1720. came to America about '1740, 5 Rev. Joseph Dacre Carlyle, B. D., on 6 Feb., 1798, was served as KaCIIKI, rMrUI{A\ ) ( AKl.Vl.K. !()(!•,' 171-,'. i6 Carlyle Family and settled first at Dumfries, Virginia, but as early as 1744, he was a merchant at Belhaven, a small settlement that had grown up around a tobacco warehouse on the bluff that then overlooked the Potomac River, and which was in 1748, in- corporated into a town and subsequently called Alexandria. He was one of the incorporators and a member of the first board of trustees of the town, where he built in 1752, the historic "Carlyle House," which was occupied in April, 1755, by General Edward Braddock, as his headquarters. On 26 Jan. 1754, he was appointed by Lieutenant Governor Robert Dinwiddle of Virginia, Major and Commissary of the Vir- ginia forces and subsequently took an active part in the French and Indian wars, and in the campaign which resulted in the defeat of General Braddock, at the battle of the Monongahela, 9 J^ily 1755- In 1748, he married Sarah Fairfax, second dau. of Hon. heir to Michael Fourth Lord Carleil, to the dormant baronage, as a member of the Limekilns branch of the family, the male descent still claiming the ancient barony. Hymn 354, in the Hymnal of the Protes- tant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, was written by him. In 1796, he published "Specimens of Arabian Poetry From The Earliest Times To The Extinction Of The Khaliphat With Some Account Of The Authors," a copy of which he sent to his first cousin, Mrs. William Herbert, of Alexandria, Virginia. Among his translations from the Arabic, were the following verses addressed by Abou Ben Adhem, a hermit of Syria, alike distinguished for his talents and piety, to the Khaliph Haroun Al-Rashid, around whom centers the tales of the Arabian Nights, and "the witchery of Oriental Romance has cast an adventurous glow," whom he met as the Commander of the faithful was going on a pilgrimage to Mecca, ac- companied by a magnificent train, as a reproach for his ostentatious devotion. "Religions gems can ne'er adorn, The flimsy robe by pleasure worn, Its feeble texture soon would tear, And give those jewels to the air. Thrice happy they who seek th' abode, Of peace and pleasure, in their God ! Who spurn the world, its joys despise. And grasp at bliss beyond the skies." CARr-VLK Family 17 William" and Sarah (Walker) Fairfax, b. 1728, d. 22 Jan. 1761. Their children were: Sarah Carlyle, who married Wil- liam Herbert, of Alexandria, \'a., a native of Ireland, and Anne Fairfax Carlyle. who married Henry Whiting of Gloucester County, Va., a lineal descendant of Colonel Henry Whiting, Treasurer of Mrginia, 1692-93. In 1758, Colonel Carlyle was appointed Royal Collector of South Potomac, succeeding his father-in-law, Hon. William It was about Ben Adhem that Leigh Hunt wrote this brilliant gem, in which the whole law and gospel is so beautifully expressed: "Abou Ben Adhem (may his tribe increase!) Awoke one night from a deep dream of peace, And saw, within the moonlight in his room, Making it rich, and like a lily in bloom, An ange! writing in a book of gold : — Exceeding peace had made Ben Adhem bold, And to the presence in the room he said. "What writest thou?'' The vision rais'd its head. And with a look made of all sweet accord. Answer'd "The names of those who love the Lord." ".■\nd is mine one?" said Abou. "Nay, not so," Replied the angel. Abou spoke more low. But cheerly still ; and said. "T pray thee then, Write me as one that loves his fellow-men." The angel wrote and vanished. The next night It came again with a great wakening light, And show'd the names whom love of God had bless'd. And lo ! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest." « Hon William Fairfax was the grandson of Henry Fourth Lord Fairfax of Denton, Yorkshire. England, bap. at Newton Kyne 30 Oct., 1691. At the age of twenty he entered the army and served in Spain under his cousin Col. Martin Bladen, brother of Hon. William Bladen, \>i Annapolis, Maryland, (from whom the Dulanys of Virginia and the Lowndes of Maryland are descended) the grandsons of Sir William Fairfax, of Stecton, Yorkshire, who was the son of Sir Philip Fairfax and his wife Frances Sheffield, daughter of the Earl of Mulgrave. Sir William Fairfax commanded a regiment at the battle of Edgehill, the .storming of Leeds, the lialtles of Wakefield and N'antwicli. a l)rig;uk- at Marston Moor, and fell covered with wounds at the siege of Mont- gomery Castle, Wales, 19 Sept.. 1644. His daughter Isabella married Nathaniel Bladen, barrister of Hemsworth, Yorkshire. i8 Caklvlk I'amilv Fairfax. He was a member of the Committee of Safety during- the War of the Revolution. For nearly twenty-five years he was engaged in the mercantile and shipping business in Alex- andria, \'a., with Air. John Dalton, under the partnership name of Carlyle & Dalton, which was only dissolved by the death of Air. Dalton in 1777. After the death of his first wife, Colonel Carlyle married Sybil West, dau. of Hugh and Sybil (Harrison) West, by whom he had an only son, George William Carlyle, b. 1765,. who was killed in the battle of Eutaw Springs, South Caro- lina, 8 Sept. 1781. Had he lived he would have been entitled to the dormant baronage as Lord Carlyle, after the death of his first cousin Rev. Joseph Dacre Carlyle, B. D., the oriental scholar, who died without male issue in 1804. Hon William Fairfax was appointed Chief Justice of the Bahama Islands, where he married ly Mar. 1723, Sarah, dau. of Major Thomas Walker of the British Army. He removed in 1725, to Salem, Mass., where he held a lucrative office, until he was appointed a few years later, by his hrst cousin Thomas Sixth Lord Fairfax, agent for his- extensive estate comprising the Northern Neck of Virginia, which he had inherited from his mother Katherine, dau. of Lord Cuipeper, Gover- nor of Virginia. He resided at Belvoir on the Potomac River, a little below Mount Vernon, and died there 3 Sept., 1757. He was a gentle- man of great worth and respectability, held the office of Lieutenant of the County of Fairfax, and Collector of Customs of the South Potomac. He was a member and President of the Council of Virginia- in 1743. His children by his first wife who died in Salem. Mass., 18 Jan., 1731, were George William Fairfax — who d. s. p., Thomas Fairfax — who was killed in a sea fight with the French Squadron in 1746; Anne Fairfa.x, who married first, Lawrence W'ashington. of Mount Vernon, and secondly. Col. George Lee, uncle of the grandfather of Gen. Robert E. Lee, and Sarah Fairfax, who married Colonel John Carlyle, of Alex- andria, Va. Hon. William Fairfax, after the death of his first wife, married secondly, Deborah, daughter of Francis and Deborah (Gedney) Clarke, of Salem, Mass. Their children were Brian, afterwards Eighth Lord Fairfax, William Henry Fairfax, who fell with Wolfe at the siege of Quebec in 1759, and Hannah Fairfax, who married Warner Washington, first cousin of General George Washington and son of Col. John and Catherine (Whiting) Washington. ^-^p (AKi.yi.K AND Fairfax Akms. From an oH silvi-r taukanl owned t)y Col. Arthur Herbert, Alexatiuria, Va. 20 L".\KI-\IJ': 1^\\.M1LV Colonel Carlyle died in October 1780, leaving a handsome estate. In his will, dated 12 July 1780, he left to his grand- son John Carlyle Herbert, a very large tract of land in Vir- ginia. To his other grandson Carlyle Fairfax Whiting, the in- fant son of his deceased daughter, Anne Fairfax Whiting, he left several hundred acres of land in Berkeley County X/'irginia, known as "Limekilns," and to his only surviving daughter, Sa- rah, wife of William Herbert, besides other property, he left the historic "Carlyle House," replete with the memories of Wash- ington, of the ill-starred Braddock, of the gay and gallant Orme, of Keppel, of Franklin, of Richard Henry Lee, of Dinwiddle, and other Colonial Governors, whose walls may soon totter and fall, when one more link between the past and the present will forever vanish away. DESCENDANTS OF JOHN AND SARAH (FAIRFAX) CARLYLE. S'^RAH Carlyle,- e'dest dau. of John^ and Sarah (Fairfax) Carlyle, m. William Herbert of Alexandria, Va. Issue : 1. John Carlyle Herbert,'' of whom presently. 2. William Herbert," of whom presently. 3. Margaret Herbert,^ of whom presently. 4. Sarah Herbert,^ m. Rev. Oliver Norris. Issue: I I. Eliza Mary Norris,"* of whom presently. ■2. Edward Norris,* d. un. 3. Rev. Herbert Vorris.* m. juliet Rawle. Issue: 1. Carlyle Norris,"' killed in Civil War. 2. Frank Norris," d. y.5>,)Wf€rt JW^^^<^ 5. Anne Herbert." d. un. 6. Eliza Herbert." d. un. 1865. 7. Lucinda Herbert,'' d. un. John Carlyle Herbert," eldest son of William and Sarah fCarlyle-) Herbert, b. 1777. d. i Sept. 1846, Mem- ber of Congress from Maryland 1816-1820. m. 7 ]\Iar. 1805, Mary dau. of Thomas and Anne Snowden. Issue : Hon. John Caki.vi.e Hekbhkt, 1777-1846. 2.2 C.\K^.^•L^: Family 1. Thomas Snowden Herbert,* M. D., of whom presently. 2. Ann CaroHne Herbert,* b. 24 Mar. 1808, m. Henry Fair- fax of Ashgrove (q. v.). 3. William Fairfax Herbert,* b. 25 Mar. 1810, cl. un. 2 Julv 1846. 4. Sarah Carlyle Herbert,* b. 2 July 1812, d. 30 Sept. 1850, m. 15 Nov. 1833, (first wife) Archibald Blair Fair- fax, U. S. N. and C. S. N., b. 22 May 1809. Issue : 1. Eugene Fairfax,"' b. 26 May 1838. C. S. A. killed in action 2 May 1862, un. 2. Julian Fairfax,^ b. 14 Dec. 1841, d. un. Jan. 1877. 3. Archibald Carlyle Fairfax,^ b. 24 Aug. 1843, C. S. A., d. 4 Aug. 1879, '''^- 30 April 1873, ^ irginia Caroline, dau. of William H. Redwood. Issue : 1. John Carlyle Fairfax,"^ b. 6 Dec. 1874. Lieut. U. S. A. 2. William Redwood Fairfax," b. 3 Dec. 1876. Archibald Blair Fairfax m. 2 Mar. 1852, (second wife) Eliza Mary,* dau. of Rev. Oliver and Sarah (Herbert^) Norris. Issue: 3. Edward Herbert Fairfax," b. 11 Dec. 1852, d. s. p. 1878. 4. Llewelyn Cary Fairfax, ^ b. 28 Aug. 1855, m. 1880, Priscilla Hall, dau. of Reginald Wright, M. D. 5. Arthur Percy Fairfax,^ b. 2 Feb. 1857, m. 2 Feb. 1882, Nannie Hunter, dau. of Hon. John Blair Hoge. 5. Alfred Herbert.* b. 18 June 1814, d. un. 1879. Lieut. U. S. A. 1836. Afterwards a prominent civil engi- neer. 6. Mary Virginia Herbert.* b. 17 Mar. 1816. m. 3 May 1836. Captain Thomas T. Hunter U. S. N. and C. S. N. Issue : 1. Frederick Hunter,'' m. Lipscomb. 2. Thomas Hunter, ° C. S. N. d. un. 3. Madeline Hunter,^"' m. Major Edmondstone. Carl VI. K Family 23 4. Julia Hunter,= m. Colonel Franklin Harwood U S. A. 5. William Hunter,'' d. utl b. Charles Hunter.'' tl. un. 7. Sarah Hunter,'' I'rot. Episcopal Sisterhood. 8. Minnie Hunter,'' d. un. 7. Emma Herbert.Mj. 22 Mar. 1818, d. 20 Dec. 1874. m- 16 Nov. 1837, Rev. William Bryant of \^a., d. 1846. Issue : 1. Mary Bryant,^ b. 2 :\Iay 1839, d. un. 2. William Bryant.'' b. 16 May 1841, d. un. 3. J. C. Herbert Bryant."' b. 19 May 1843, Capt. C. S. A. m. 17 June 1872. Ruth. dau. of Henry Barnes Claggett. Issue : I. Alary Herbert Bryant.'' m. 23 Nov. 1898, Maj. Thomas Jellis Kirkpatrick U. S. A. Issue: I. Fortunata Kirkpatrick," b. Manila P. I., 2 June 1900. 2. Carlyle Herbert Bryant Kirkpatiick," b. Manila, P. I., 23 Dec. 1903. 2. William P.ryant," m. 19 Nov. 1902, Marion Twiggs Chalmers. Issue: I. Elizabeth Chalmers liryant,' b. 29 Aug. 1903- 3. A-nes Carlyle Bryant.'' m. 31 Oct. 1906, Lieut. John Do\vnc^. jr., ['. S. X. Issue: I. John Downes. jr..' I). 5 Mar. 1909. 4. Arthur Herbert I'.ryant,'' m. 11 Dec. 1907, Geral- dine ^ilasnn Tavlor. Issue: I. JMJin Carlyle lierbcrt i'.ryant, ' b. ri April 1909. 5. Ruih i'.ryant.'' d. 2/ I'cb. 190V. m. 30 Oct. 190/, Lieut. Nel.son Brown. Jr., U. S. N. 6. Marion I'.arncs Bryant," m. E.nsign Herbert I'airt'ax Lcary," U. S. X. (<\. v.) 4. .Mt'red I'l.slell llryant."' d. in. 8. Julia Herbert.-* b. 30 |"cb. iSjo. d. S Oct. 1846. un. 24 Caklvle J-'amily 9. Eugenia Fairfax Herbert,* b. 7 April 1822, d. 12 Mar. 1 84 1, un. 10. Lucinda Herbert,"* b. 13 Jan. 1824, d. 18 Jan. igio, m. 29 Mar. 1855, John L. Eversfield. Issue: 1. Mary Herbert Eversfield,'* m. 2. Emma Eversfield,'^ m. Moncure. 3. John Carlyle Eversfield,^ m. 4. Edward Eversfield,^ m. 5. Eugenia Fairfax Eversfield,^ IT. John Carlyle Herbert.* b. 16 April 1826, d. in. 12. Eliza Herbert.* b. 26 April 1827, d. 18 May 1883, un. 13. Edward Herbert,* b. 28 Nov. 1830, m. 29 Jan. 1851, Mary H. Barnett. Issue : I. William Pinkney Herbert,^ b. Feb. 1852, m. 3 Nov. 1876, Rebecca, dau. of Robert and Jane (Car- ter) Beverley. Issue: 1. Edward Herbert,^' b. 2 Oct. 1877. 2. Robert Beverley Herbert,'' I). 25 July 1875. 3. William Pinkney Herbert,** b. 28 Aug. 1883. 4. Guy Fairfax Herbert.*' b. 13 Sept. 1889. 5. John C. Herbert,'"' b. 14 Nov. 1891. Thoma.s Sxowden Herbert,* M. D., eldest son of John C.,^ and Mary (Snowden) Herbert, b. 13 Mar. 1806. m. first 2 Nov. 1830, Camilla Hammond, d. 25 Dec. 1845, m. secondly Elizabeth Duer, who d. s. p. Issue by first wiie: 1. John Carlyle Herbert,^"' b. Nov. 1821. d. un. 1885. 2. James Rawlings Herbert,"* Colonel C. S. A., b. 5 Aug. 1833. d. 3 Aug. 1884. m. 10 Nov. 1868, Elizabeth Coleman, dau. of Mark Alexander, b. 6. June 1849, d. 27 Alay 1885. Issue: I. Anne Gordon Herbert." m. 24 Oct. 1894. W. Kennedy Boone. Issue : 1. Elizabeth Alexander Boone," b. 23 Oct. 1895, d. 8 April 1897. 2. William Kennedy Boone, ^ b. i Mar. 1897. 3. James Herbert Boone," b. 28 May 1899. CAKLVLli Fa .Ml I. \' 25 4. John Marshall Boone,' b. 11 Oct. 1900. 5. Sarah Kennedy Boone.' b. 2j Feb. 1902. 6. Larlyle Fairfax Boone,' b. 2 Nov. 1905. 7. Camilla Herbert Boone," b. 16 Feb. 1908. 2. Camilla Hammond Herbert,'' m. 4 April 1900. Win. Pinkney Whyte, Jr. 3. Mark Alexander Herbert.'"' d. un. 19 Dec. 1899. 4. -Marv Coleman Herbert." m. 11 June 1900. H. War- ren Buckler, M. D. Issue: 1. Alice Lawra.^on Buckler,' b. 24 July 1903. 2. Humphrey Warren Buckler,' b. 2"] May 1906. 5. Sarah Carlyle Fairfax Herbert,'' m. 18 Oct. 1899. Courtland H. Smith. Issue : 1. Courtland Hawkins Smith,' b. 14 Aug. 1900. 2. ]\lark Alexander Smith," b. 31 Oct. 1901. 6. Flizabeth Snowden Herbert." 3. Matthias Hammond Herbert, "' 1). 1835. d. 1900 un. William HERniiRT,'^ second son of William and Sarah (Car- lyle- ) Herbert, m. Henrietta Maria, dau. of I'.enjani'n Tasker and Elizabeth' (French) Dulany of Va. Issue : 1. Hare Powell Flerbert,"' d. 1883 s. j). 2. Daniel French Dulany Herbert,^ d. s. p. 3. Upton Heath Herbert,* d. July 1900, m. Sarah C. Tracey of Xew York. s. p. 4. I£lizal)eth Dulany Herbert,* b. Feb. 1822, d. 2 May 1901. 5. William Herbert.* b. 25 Dec. 1825, d, 10 Mar. 1901, m. 12 Jan. 1869. Susan, dau. of Robert Eden and Anne ( MorsonJ Scott. Issue: Margaret Lee Herbert,' <1. in. Ann Herbert.'' I'rances Scott Herbert.'" I-lllcn W'hitnig Herbert.'"' W illiam Carlyle Herbert.^ Artinn- Herbert.'' Susan Herbert,'' m. 14 June 1906, George Doswell Brooke. Issue : I. l^u^^ llcrbcrt I'.n x ikc.'' b. 18 .\])ril \\)0'J . 26 Carlv[j<: Family 2. George Doswell Brooke," b. t; Sept. 1909. 8. Elizabeth Dulany Herbert."' 6. Arthur Herbert,* b. 27 July 1829. Colonel 17th Va. Regt. C. S. A., m. 5 July 1865, Alice Goode, dau. of William Gregory, l^^ue: 1. Maria Dulany Herbert,' m. 1890, John Daingerfield Hooe. Issue : I. Bernard Hooe,'' d. in. 2. Alice Gregory Herbert,"' ni. 3 June 1891, John Henry IvlcCauley. Issue : I. Alice Herbert McCauley," b. 9 Nov. 1894. 3. Marianne Herbert.'' 4. Florence Harrison Herbert. ° 5. Nora Carlyle Herbert,'' m. 3 June 1908, Robert Pe- gram Holt. Margaret Herbert,^ eldest dau. of William and Sarah (Car- lyle-) Herbert, d. 1858, m. Jan. 1800, Thomas 9th Lord Fairfax, b. 1762, d. 21 April 1846. Issue: I. Albert Fairfax,* b. 15 April 1802, d. May 1835, m. 8 April 1828, Caroline Eliza, dau. of Richard and Eliza Snowden. Issue: 1. Charles Snowden Fairfax,'' loth Lord Fairfax, b. 8 Mar. 1829, d. 4 April 1869, m. 10 Jan. 1855, Ada, dau. of Joseph S. Benham, s. p. 2. John Contce Fairfax, M. D.,° nth Lord Fairfax, b. 13 Sept. 1830, d. 28 Sept. 1900, m. 8 Oct. 1857, Mary, dau. of Colonel Edmund Kirby, U. S. A. Issue: 1. Caroline Snowden Fairfax," b. 20 Aug. 1858. 2. Josephine Fairfax,*' b. 20 Aug. 1865, m. 1892, Tunstall, son of Marsden and Anne (Williamson) Smith. Issue: 1. Josephine Tunstall Smith.' b. 29 May 1894. 2. Louise Tunstall Smith, '^ b. 19 July 1895. 3. Albert Kirby Fairfax," 12th Lord Fairfax, b. 23 Jun. 1870. 4. Mary Cecelia Fairfax," b. 26 Dec. 1871. Caklvi,!-: Fa .Ml I. V 2-, 5. Charles Edmund Fairfax.'' b. 29 April 1876. 6. Frances :\Iarvin Fairfax," b. 29 Aug. 1878. m. 28 Oct.. 1903. Edward Lowndes Rhett. . Henry Fairfax.^ of Ashgrove; b. 4 Alay 1804. tl- in ^lexi- can \\"ar, 14 Aug. 1847, ni. 9 Oct. 1827, Ann Caro- line,"' dau. of Hon. John C.^ and ^lary (Snowden) Herbert. Issue : I. Raymond Fairfax.^ C. E. and C. S. A., b. 19 July 1829, m. 7 Jan. 1865. Anna Burford. Issue: 1. Ronald Randolph Fairfax," b. 22 Aug. 1870, m. 1901. Annie Ridge, dau. of Charles Early. 2. Guy Percy Fairfax.'' b. 21 Feb. 1872. m. 1900. Elsie Ida Crook. 3. Henry Reginald Fairfax." b. 2 Aug. 1875. 4. Isabella Christian Fairfax." 5. Ada Raymond Fairfax." 2. Eugene Fairfax,'^ b. 1831, d. in. 3. Mary Isabel Fairfax.' b. 20 June 1834. d. 9 July i8si. 4. Albert Fairfax,-' M. D.. ]>. 4 June 1836, " c' S. A. d. un. 5. Herbert Carlylc Fairfax,-' b. 29 April 1838. C. S. A. m. 3 June 1861. Jane Davies. dau. of Dr. b'red- erick IJaker. Issue: 1. Eugenia Chalmers Fairfax." 2. Caroline Herbert Fairfax." 6. Eugenia Herbert Fairfax,-' b. 28 Mar. 1842. 7. Hem-y i-airfax.-^' b. i May 1844. d. Aug. 1846. 8. Henry .Malcolm b'airfax.-' b. i) Oct. 1849. Orlando Fairfax.* M. D.. b. 1806, d. 1882. m. 21 May 1829, :\Iar\ Raiidol],]). ,l;iu. n\ Wilson Jefferson and Virginia ( kaiulnlpli 1 c'ary. Issue: 1. \'irginia Randolph l-'airlax.'' b. 1832. d. in. 2. FLdith I'"airfa.\.-' b. 1833, d. i83(j. 3. OrlanrlM (ary l-airta.x.' b. 13 |-eb. 1836, d. un. 1897. 4. Moniima bairfax.' b. 1837. d. 1889. m. 1866. Hon. (ieorge Havis. of Wihnington. X. C. Attor- ney Ccneral C. S. A. fs-ue: 2S Caklyle Family 1. j\Iary Fairfax Davis,'' b. 1875. m. 1895, Minor Fairfax Heiskell. 2. Monimia Cary Davis,*' b. 1877, m. 1898, David ^lacrae. 5. Jane Cary Fairfax,^ b. 1840. 6. Randolph Fairfax,^ b. 23 Nov. 1842, C. S. A., killed in action 13 Dec. 1862. 7. Ethelbert Fairfax,-'* b. 2t, Jan. 1845, C. S. A., d. 1907. 8. Mary Edith Fairfax,^ b. 1847, "i- 1877, J. J. Mon- cure, M. D. Issue: 1. Orlando Fairfax Moncure.*' 2. Rosamund Moncure.® 9. Thomas Fairfax,^ b. 1849, d. un. 1907. 4. Raymond Fairfax,* b. 1808, d. 1813. 5. Eugenia Cary Fairfax/ b. 181 r, «1. 1880, m. first. Edgar Eilbeck Mason. Issue : 1. Ethelbert Fairfax Mason, '^ d. un. 1906. 2. Edgar Eilbeck Mason,"' d. un. 1907. She m. secondly Charles Keith Hyde, son of Simeon and Katherine (Cleveland) Hyde. Issue: 3. Reginald Fairfax Hyde,^ d. un. 1907. 4. Edward Henry Hyde,^ m. first Mary Pierson Flyde, m. secondly, G. Morgan. 5. Arthur Cleveland Hyde,^ d. in. 6. ^Margaret Herbert Hyde,^ m. Neville Herbert,^ third son of George William Carlyle* and Mary Anne De Butts (Dulany) Whiting (q. v.) 6. Ethelbert Fairfax,-* b. 1814, d. 1827. 7. Aurelia Herbert Fairfax,-* b. 1816, d. 1884, m. 1852, Col- onel James W. Irwin. Issue: 1. Fairfax Irwin, 'SI. D.," m. Alice Poulson. Issue: 1. Ethel Irwin.^ 2. Augusta Irwin.® 3. Reginald Irwin." 2. Augusta Neville Irwin," m. Richard P. Leary, U. S. N. Issue : Carlvlf. Family 29 1. Herbert Fairfax Leary.'' L'. S. X.. m. 28 April 1909. ]\Iarion IJarnes.'' dan. of J. C. Her- berf"" and Ruth (Claggett) Bryant. 2. Xeville Leary.'' 8. Lavinia Fairfax/ b. 1818, d. 1822. 9. r\Ionimia Fairfax.^ b. 1820. d. 1875. m. Nov. 1838, Archi- bald, son of Wilson Jeft'erson and \*irginia (Ran- dolph) Car}-. Issue: 1. Falkland Cary,"^ d. s. p. 2. Constance Cary." m. Burton Xorvell. son of J. Bur- ton Harrison. Issue : 1. Fairfax Harrison." m. Hetty, dan. of John B. and Frances (Daniel) Cary. Issue: 1. Constance Cary Harrison.' 2. Ursula Fairfax Harrison.' 3. Richard Fairfax Harrison.' 2. Francis Burton Harrison," m. first, ^larv Crocker. Issue : 1. X'irginia Randolph Harrison.' 2. l')arl)ara Harrison.' He ni. secondlv Mabel Judson. Issue: 3. Burton Harrison.' 3. Archibald Cary Harrison.'' ni. Helena W'alley. Issue : I. Mary Harrison." 3. Clarence Cary." m. Flizabcth. dau. of Howard Potter. Issue : 1. Ciuy Fairfax Cary." 2. Howard Cary." d. s. p. in. Kc-ginald i-"airfa\,' b. 1822. d. un. 1862. ['. S. X. and C. .S. X. AxxE Fairfax Carlvlk.= second dau. of John^ and Sarah (Fairfax) Carlyle. b. 22 Jan. 1761. d. 20 Mar. 1778. m. 1777. Henry Whiting of Gloucester County, \'a., b. 10 Dec. 1748. d. 28 Oct. 1786. Issue: An cmly son. Carlvlf F.mrfax Wiiinxr,.'' b. 20 Mar. 1778. d. 8 Sept. 1831, ni. 14 Dec. 1797. .^arali Manly, dau. 30 Caklvle Famjlv of Colonel Charles and Mary (Manly) Little, b. i June 1776, d. 12 Nov. 1835. Issue: 1. Charles Henry Whiting.* b. 4 Mar. 1801, d. 16 Sept. 1847, 2. John Carlyle Whiting.* b. 11 May 1804, d. 3 Oct. 182 1. 3. Mary ^^latilda Whiting.* b. 9 Jan. 1806, d. 24 Mar. 1815. 4. Francis iJeverly Whiting.* b. 25 July 1807, d. 19 July 1828. 5. George William Carlyle \Miiting,* of whom presently. 6. Fairfax Herbert W'hiting,* of whom presently. 7. William Wilmer Whiting,* of whom presently. 8. Ellen ^Nlarr Whiting,* b. 14 June 1817, d. 28 Sept. 1903. 9. Xorman Howard Whiting.* b. 17 Feb. 1820. d. 27 Sept. 1823. George William Carlyle Whiting,* fourth son of Carlyle Fairfax. ■■ and Sarah Manly (Little) \\niiting, b. 5 July 1809. d. 17 Dec. 1864. m. 24 Dec. 1838. Mary Anne De Butts, dau. of John Peyton and Mary Anne ( De Butts*) Dulany, of W'elbourne, Loudoun county, Va., b. 8 Oct. 1818, d. II Jan. 1894. Issue: 1. Julia Beverlv Whiting.^ 2. Xorman Dulany Whiting,^ d. in. * Mary Anne De Butts (d. 1855), wife of John Peyton Dulany, born at Grantham, Lincohishire, England, 13 Nov. 1786, had a very interest- ing line of descent. She was the daughter of Dr. Samuel De Butts (d. 1814), a native of Ireland, and Mary Anne Welby (d. 1828), daughter of Richard Welby (d. 1782), of Welbourne Hall, Lincolnshire, and Anne King, his wife, daughter of Neville King (d. 17,30), of Ashby-de-la-Launde, Lincoln- shire, and Mary Middlemore, his wife, of Somerby Hall, Grantham, who was the great-granddaughter of the distinguished Robert Sander- son, D. D., Bishop of Lincoln (d. 1662), a devoted Royalist and chap- lain to Charles L, who used to say, "I carry my ears to hear other preachers, but I carry my conscience to hear Dr. Sanderson and to act accordingly."" He was of the same family as Sir Nicholas Sander- son, Viscount Castleton. -^, Her mother, ALTry Anne \Vell>y. wife of Dr.^ Butts, was the first cousin of Sir William Earle Welby. ist Bart. (d. 1815), of Denton, near Grantham, and member of Parliament. Her great-grandfather, Neville King, was the son of Edward King GEOKiiE WllI.IAM (■\1!I.^I.K \\liriI.N(i, l,S()'.)18(il. 32 Caklvle Family 3. Clarence Carlyle Whiting." of whom presently. 4. Nina Carlyle Whiting,"' cl. un, 13 June 1910. 5. Alice Herbert Whiting,"' m. 24 Nov. 1880, Richard Henry Spencer, son of Henry Spencer, a lineal descendant of James Spencer, Jr. (1692). of "Spencer Hall," Talbot County, ]\Id., whose ancestor, Robert Spen- cer came from Bedfordshire. England, and was allied to the noble family of that name. 6. Mary Anne Dulany Whiting," d. un., 5 April 1881. 7. Rose Welby Whiting."' 8. Neville Herbert Wliiting,"' of whom presently. 9. Guy Fairfax Whiting,- of whom presently. 10. Richard Henry Dulany Whiting."' 11. A/faud Neville Whiting."' Ci.ARi.:xcE Carlyle Whiting,"' second son of George William Carlyle* and Alary Anne De Butts (Dulany) Whit- ing, m. 29 Jan. 1877. Clarion Gordon, dan. of C. Hughes and Agnes ( Cjordon ) Armistead. Lssue : 1. Clarence Carlyle Whiting,*' d. aet. 13. 2. George Armistead Whiting," m. 12 Feb. 1901, Mary Susan, dau. of Lawrence Lewis and Mary Susan (Gay) Butler. Issue: 1. Eleanor Custis Whiting,' b. 3 Jan. 1902. 2. Lawrence Lewis Butler Whiting," b. 9 April 1906. 3. Norman Stewart Whiting,*' d. in. 4. George William Carlyle Whiting," m. 30 Oct. 1907, Natha- lie Contee, dau. of J. Marshall and Annie (Gregg) Thomas. Issue : 1. Gordon Carlyle Whiting,' b. 20 June 1909. 5. Agnes Gordon Whiting." (d. , 1692) and Bridget Neville, daughter of Sir Gervase Neville (d. 1654), "of the once great and powerful family of Neville, Lords of Raby, who became Earls of Westmoreland," and Katherine Hutton, his wife, daughter of Sir Richard Hutton, Judge of the Court of Com- mon Pleas, York. (See Burke's Peerage. Also "Lincolnshire Pedigrees," Harleiar Society Publications, Volume 51, 1903.) Caki.vi.k Family 33 6. ^lary Dulany Whiting,'' d. in. 7. Marion Dnlany \\'hiting.'^ Xi:\iLLi-: Hekdert Whitixc,.'' third son of George William Carl vie* and Mary Anne De Butts (Dulany) Whit- ing, (1. 20 Jan. ujoS. in. Oct. 1881. Margaret Herbert,^ dan. of Charlus Keiih and Eugenia Gary (Fairfax*) Hyde. Issue : 1. Edgar ^lason Whiting,'' b. 24 Dec. 1882. Lieut. U. S. A. 2. George William Carlylc Whiting." b. Xov. 1885. Lieut. U. S. A. 3. Neville Herbert Whiting.'' b. 4 ^Lay 1887. 4. Brian Fairfax Whiting,'' b. Xov. 1888. Gl'v Fairfax Wiiitixc.,"' AL D., fourth son of George Wil- liam Carlyle* and ]\lary Anne De Butts (Dulany) \\'hiting, m. ii Xov. 1884, Alice Horn, dan. of Dr. ]\Iatthe\v Dykeman and ^lar\- J. (Mott) Van Doren. Issue : 1. Guy Fairfax Whiiing.'' 1). 2!^^ Aug. 1885, d. 6 Jan. 1886. 2. Carlyle Fairfax Whiting.'' b. 15 Mar. 1887, d. i Jan. 1889. 3. Alice \'an Doren Whiting,'' b. 6 March 1891. 4. Julia Beverly Whiting." b. 5 Aug. 1892. F-\ii\ the most interesting on .aeeount of its as- sociation with llu- historic pa-l. 36 The Carlyle House He was born in Annandale, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, the 6th of February, 1720, the son of Dr. WiUiam Carlyle of the Torthorwald, Brydekirk and Limekilns branches of the family, who were descended from Sir William Carlile and his wife Margaret Bruce, the sister of King Robert I. of Scotland. Coming to America about the year 1740, and settling first at Dumfries, Virginia, he was one of the incorporators in 1748, of the town of Alexandria, with Thomas Lord Fairfax, Hon- orable William Fairfax of Belvoir, George William Fairfax, Lawrence Washington of Amount Vernon, John Alexander, Gerard Alexander, Philip Alexander and others. He was also one of the most active members with George William Fairfax, Lawrence Washington, Augustine Washington and others of "The Ohio Company," which was formed to secure a share of the trade with the Indians of that region, as well as to es- tablish a colony or colonies therein. Hon. Thomas Lee, Pres- ident of the Council of Virginia, whose sons Richard Henry Lee and Francis Lightfoot Lee were afterwards two of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, took the lead in the management of the affairs of the company, but upon his death Lawrence Washington was chosen as his successor. A few families were settled under the auspices of the company, but the French and Indian wars finally caused a total sus- pension of operations. Edward Everett in his "Life of George Washington," says, "Out of this germ of private enterprise grew the Seven Years' war, and by no doubtful chain of cause and efTect, the war of American Independence." The "Carlyle House" is still in a good state of preservation and ought to be regarded as one of the most historic houses in America. It is situated at the corner of Fairfax and Cameron Streets. On what is called the east front — that por- tion facing the Potomac River, from which a fine view of the house can be obtained — is a door with a keystone over it, in which are cut the letters "J. S. C," and underneath them the figures "1752," showing the year that John Carlyle built the house, the letter "S." being for his wife Sarah, the second (tEnebal Edward Braddock Ffdiii Passani/'n Mnrylaiul. Utories from Her History. 279560 38 The Caklyle House daughter of Honorable William Fairfax of Belvoir, her eldest sister Anne, being then the wife of Lawrence Washington of jMount Vernon, the half brother of George Washington. The "Carlyle House" is said to have been built upon a stone fort, supposed to have been erected by the very earliest settlers, as a defense against the Indians, the old fort being turned into a cellar, and above it the mansion was reared. This square, well built house was once surrounded by a lawn sloping to the river's edge, and shaded by lofty trees, but it is now hemmed in, the City having grown up around it. It is usually spoken of as "Braddock's Headquarters," from the fact that General Edward Braddock and his aid-de-camp Captain Robert Orme were the guests of Colonel Carlyle in March and April 1755, and the five Colonial Governors met here in Council to concert measures for the campaign against the French and just be- fore Braddock started on his disastrous expedition to Fort Duquesne. It was here that General Braddock first met the youthful Washington, whom he had already invited to become a member of his military family. And here also were Ben- jamin Franklin, Richard Henry Lee, Colonel William John- son. Commodore Keppel, Sir Peter Halkett, once a Member of Parliament, but then in the army, and many of the British mil- itary and naval officers then in Alexandria. In October 1753, Governor Robert Dinwiddle of \'irginia, sent George Washington, on a mission to La Gardeur de Saint Pierre, the French Commandant of the Fort on the upper Ohio River, to demand an evacuation of the territory, but his mission was unsuccessful. Troops were then ordered to be raised at once under the command of Colonel Joshua Fry and Lieutenant Colonel George Washington, and on the 26th of January 1754, Governor Dinwiddle appointed John Carlyle, Alajor and Commissary of the Virginia forces. The campaign, however, of that year was unsuccessftil, ending in July, in the surrender by Colonel Washington of Fort Necessity to M. Coulon de Villiers. After this unfortunate affair, the English Government de- termined to send over two Regiments of Infantry of about five AxD Its Associations 39 hundred men each, the 44"" under Colonel Sir Peter Halkett and the 48"^ under Colonel Thomas Dunbar. On the 24''' of November 1754, Major General Edward Braddock ^ was appointed "General & Commander of all & singular our Troops & Forces, Y^ are now in North America & Y' shall be sent or rais'd there to vindicate our just Rights & Possessions in those Parts." A fort at W'ills's Creek was erected and named Fort Cum- berland, in honor of the Duke of Cumberland, Captain Gen- eral of the British Army, and where now stands the flourish- ing City of Cumberland, Maryland. General Braddock sailed the 24th of December 1754. on board the "Norwich," accompanied by the famous "Cen- turion," whose figure head adorns Greenwich Hospital to-day, the flagship of Commodore Augustus Keppel, and the "Syren," followed a little later by the transports, ordinance ships and convoys. The Honorable Augustus Keppel (1725-86), who com- manded the little squadron, second son of William Anne Kep- pel, 2"^ Earl of Albemarle, for whom Queen Anne stood god- mother in person, and thence his second name, entered the Navy and became eminent as Admiral Keppel. His father was Governor-in-Chief of Virginia (which he never visited) for seventeen years and until his death the 22""^ of December 1754, just two days before the squadron sailed for A'irginia. His second sister Lady Caroline Keppel married in 1758, Robert Aflair. for whom she wrote before her marriage to him, that beautiful l)a]lad "Robin Adair," that was destined to become familiar ihniugli the length and hreadtli of the civi- lized world. 1 Edward Braddock Iiorn in 1695, son of Major General Edward Braddock, entered the army as an Ensign in the Coldstream Guards 14th. October 1710. Lieutenant Colonel 21st. November 1745. Major General 29th. March 1754, and 24lh. September, Commander in chief of his Majestys' Forces in America. He was fatally wounded at the engagement nn ihc Monongahela, gtb. J"l>' '755i a"(l fhed four days later. 40 The CARLvr.E House The inhabitants of the colonies of Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania eagerly looked forward to the arrival of Gen- eral Braddock and his army, and to the ultimate defeat of the French. Expressions of popular pleasure were frequent and the poets of the day were inspired to tune their joyful lyres to strains like these. "Breathe, breathe, ye winds, rise, rise, ye gentle gales; Swell the ship's canvass, and expand her sails ! Ye sea-green Nymphs, the royal vessel deign To guide propitious o'er the liquid main; Freighted with wealth, for noble ends designed (So willed great George, and so the Fates inclined.) The ponderous Cannon o'er the surges sleep ; The flaming Muskets swim the raging deep : The mur'drous Swords, concealed in scabbards, sail : And pointed Bayonets partake the gale; Ah! swiftly waft her to the longing shore; In safety land her, and we ask no more !" On the 20th of February 1755, General Braddock arrived at Hampton Roads, and immediately went to Williamsburg, where Commodore Keppel agreed to meet him, to consult with Governor Dinwiddle. By the middle of March the entire fleet had arrived and proceeded up the Chesapeake Bay and up the Potomac River, passing by Mount Vernon, to Alexandria. General Braddock remained in Williamsburg planning with Governor Dinwid- dle preparations for the approaching campaign. On the loth of March, General Braddock from Williams- burg, wrote to the Governors of Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania requesting them to meet him in Annapolis, Maryland, the beginning of April, for consultation and to set- tle upon a plan of operations, and urging on them the estab- lishment of a common fund for defraving in part the expenses of the expedition. On the 26th of March, accompanied by Governor Dinwid- dle and Commodore Keppel, he arrived in Alexandria, and made his headquarters at the "Carlyle House," all the forces having reached there by that time, where they were encamped. C'O.M.MUDOliK AriiUSTrs KkI'I'EI. 42 The Carlyle House 'Hie next day he announced the appointment of Captain Robert Orme^ of the Coldstream Regiment of Guards and Captain Roger Morris- of Colonel Dunbar's Regiment of Foot, as his aids-de-camp; and on the 31st, General Braddock reviewed the forces, in the presence of Governor Dinwiddie and Com- modore Keppel. On the 3rd of April, General Braddock, Commodore Kep- pel, Governor Dinwiddie, Captain Orme and William Shir- ley, Esqr., went to Annapolis, where they were the guests of Governor Sharpe until the 7th, but owing to the absence of Governor Shirley and Lieutenant Governors De Lancey and Morris, the Council was postponed to the 14th, the place of meeting being changed to Alexandria. On the nth and 12th, 1 Robert Orme of Devonshire, England, entered the army as an En- sign in the 35th Regiment of Foot, and in 1745 exchanged into the Coldstream Guards. Accompanying Braddock he served as aid-de- camp, and was wounded with him. He returned to England the same year and in October, 1756, resigned his commission, and married the Hon. Audrey Townshend, only daughter of Charles Viscount Town- shend, sister of Lieutenant Colonel Roger Townshend who fell at Ticon- deroga in 1759. and of George, afterwards ist Marquis Townshend, who fought with the victorious Wolfe on the Plains of Abraham the same year, and succeeded him in command after the capture of Quebec, which surrendered to him. Captain Orme was a great favorite of General Braddock's ; he made a most favorable impression on all whom he encountered, and he and Washington became warm friends. The day he sailed for England, he wrote to Colonel Washington, as follows: "Nantasket Bay. Nov. 10, 1755. IMy Dear Friend, H you see Mr. Car- lyle tell him of my Surprise at his not sending the Box of Books and Maps which was left in my Bed Chamber (Carlyle House) and which he has not sent as it by Accident was left out of the List. Pray \H him send it directed to me in Hollis Street, near Cavendish Square, London. Write to me often and assure me of your friendship, as I have the greatest Pleasure in telling you, I am, Dr. George, Yr affec- tionate Friend. Rob. Orme." - Roger Morris was born in England. Accompanied Braddock as one of his aids-de-camp. He married in 1758 ALiry Philipse of New York, a great heiress, who is said to have been very much admired by Washington and whose character is so beautifully drawn by Cooper in "The Spy." She died in England at the age of ninety-six. And Its Associations 43 the three Governors, with "a great number of other gentle- men of distinction," among them Benjamin FrankHn, arrived at AnnapoHs and with Governor Sharpe proceeded to Alex- andria. On Monday, the 14th of April 1755, and the two following days. General Braddock and Commodore Keppel held a Coun- cil at the "Carlyle House," through the courtesy of its owner Colonel John Carlyle, with the Governors of five colonies con- cerning plans for the proposed hostilities of the English against the French and Indian allies along the Ohio and St. Lawrence Rivers and concerted measures for the united action of the Northern and Middle Colonies. Colonel Washington met the members of the Council during their stay in Alexandria, all of whom received him very cordially. "There were present at the Council, His Excellency Ed- ward Braddock, Esq""., General & Commander in Chief of his Majesty's Forces in North America. The Hon''''' Augustus Keppel, Esq""., Commander in Chief of his Majesty's Ships and \'essels in North America. The Hon"'*^^ William Shirley,^ Esq^ The Hon'''*' Robert Dinwiddie,^ Esq-". The Hon^'^ James De Lancey,^ Esq'. The Hon''''' Horatio Sharpe,* Esq^ The Hon"'^ Robert Hunter ]\Iorris,=^ Esq'', and William Shir- ley Esq^, Secretary." ^ Hon. William Shirley, born in Preston, Sussex, England, in 1693. Studied law and came to Boston. Mass. to live in 1734. Governor of Massachusetts 1741-56. He died 24th. March 1771. ' Hon. Robert Dinwiddie, born in Scotland in 1693, Collector of Customs in Bermuda in 1727. Lieutenant Governor of \'irginia. 1751- 58. He died in England ist. August 1770. •■' Hon. James DeLancey, son of a Huguenot emigrant from Caen, Normandy. Born in New York City, 27th. November 1703. Lieuten- ant Governor of New York 1753-55. He died 2nd. August 1760. * Hon. Horatio Sharpe born in England. In early life he was nn officer in the British Army. Proprietary Governor of ^Lirylaiid 1753- 68. He died 9th November 1790. ^ Hon. Robert Hunter Morris, son of Hon. Lewis Morris Governor of New Jersey. Born in Morrisania, New York about 1700. Lieuten- ant Governor of Pennsylvania 1754-56. He died 20th. February 1764. 44 The CAKL^■L^: House "The General's Commission having been read and the Ar- ticles of his Instructions from his Majesty relating to a com- mon Fund to be established in the Colonies for carrying on the services under the General's direction, and also the article relating to the measures to be taken for engaging the Indians in his Majesty's interest," the members of the Council agreed upon a plan of operations and arranged the details. General Braddock proposed to proceed in person against Fort Duquesne, while Governor Shirley was to command an ex- pedition against Niagara and Colonel William Johnson (who was in Alexandria at the time) one against Crown Point. Af- ter the plans of the campaigns had been arranged the Gov- ernors in Council, on the subject of the common Fund pro- posed, "gave it as their unanimous opinion that such a Fund can never be established in the Colonies without the aid of Parliament." They likewise declared "that having found it impracticable to obtain in their respective governments, their proportions expected by his Majesty towards defraying the expense of his service in North America, that they were un- animously of opinion that it should be proposed to his Majesty's Ministers to find out some method of compelling them to do it, and of assessing the several Governments in pro- portion to their respective abilities, their shares of the whole money already furnished and which it shall be thought proper for them further to furnish towards the General expense of his service." Governor Shirley, Lieutenant Governors De Lancey and Morris remained in Alexandria until the 17th, when they re- turned to Annapolis with Governor Sharpe, whose hospitality they enjoyed for several days, when they and the gentlemen who accompanied them, went over the Chesapeake Bay on their return to their respective governments and homes. When they arrived in Philadelphia they were received with every demonstration of joy. "At their entering the City, they were complimented with a Peal of the New Sett of eight bells in Christ Church steeple. They were likewise saluted with a Round of Twenty one brass guns." These eight bells pealed CiOVERNOK Wll.l.IAM .SlUKLEV. 46 The Carlvle House forth twenty one years afterwards, with the Liberty Bell, to announce the signing of the Declaration of Independence. The chime of bells is still in the belfry of old historic Christ Church steeple and are rung every Sunday in "ye ancient manner," as they were rung when President Washington and the Re- volutionary heroes worshipped there in the long ago, and in July 1908, the same old Liberty Bell, on a carefully guarded truck and partly buried in straw, was shown in Philadelphia's great historical pageant just as it was hurried away, with the chimes of Christ Church, in a hay wagon to Allentown, Pa., for safekeeping in 1777. After the adjournment of the Council, General Braddock wrote from the "Carlyle House," on April 19, 1755, to Sir Thomas Robinson, one of his Majesty's Secretaries of State, as follows: "The copy inclosed will acquaint you of the dif- ferent subjects that have been examined in Council, and what I brought upon the carpet at this interview which I have had with the Governors. * * * You will be sufficiently in- formed. Sir, by the minutes of the Council, which I send you, of the impossibility of obtaining from several colonies the establishment of a general fvmd agreeable to his INIajesty's in- structions, and to the letters you have directed to me for several Governors. * * * I cannot but take the liberty to represent to you the necessity of laying a tax upon all his Majesty's dominions in America, agreeably to the result of Council, for reimbursing the great sums that must be advanced for the service and interest of the colonies in this important crisis." This was the first suggestion by British officials in Coun- cil, for taxing the American Colonies — a project which ended in their independence. In the meantime, however, it had been decided to march the troops at once from Alexandria in two divisions, accordingly General Braddock, on his return from Annapolis on the 7th of April, Ordered, "That all Departments for Duty of every nature v.hatever are to parade at the Grand Parade and to march from thence." These were stirring times in the little CiOVERNOK ROI BRT IINWIDDIE. 48 The Carlyle House town, meeting of the Royal Governors, many dinner parties and much ceremony. On the 8th, the Grand Parade took place, and General Braddock, in the presence of a large and distinguished as- sembly of ladies and gentlemen, reviewed the troops, British and Provincial, of which reference is made by Colonel Wash- ington, in a humorous letter to ]\Irs. George William Fair- fax, dated Fort Cumberland, May 14, 1755. "I have at last with great pains and difficulty discovered the reason why Mrs. Wardrope is a greater favorite of General Braddock than Mrs. F X, and met with more respect at the review in Alexan- dria. The cause I shall communicate, after having rallied you upon neglecting the means which produced the effect. And what do you think they were ? Why, nothing less, I assure you, than a present of delicious cake and potted wood-cocks, which so affected the palate as to leave a deep impression upon the hearts of oil who tasted of them. How then, could the Gen- eral do otherwise than admire, not only the charm, but the politeness of this lady." Between the 8th and the i8th days of April, the two di- visions started on their march to Fort Cumberland, and by the 1 8th of June, General Braddock with his whole force of about two thousand, one hundred and fifty men, had reached the Little Meadows, when it was decided to move forward with a detachment under the command of General Braddock in person. Sir Peter Halkett ^ acting as Brigadier, Lieutenant Colonels Burton and Gage, with a little over twelve hundred men and twelve pieces of cannon. On the 8th of July, they reached the fatal Monongahela River, where Colonel Washington, who had been ill, rejoined General Braddock as his aid-de-camp. 1 Sir Peter Halkett born in Scotland in 1695. He was the son of Sir Peter Wedderburne, who marrying the heiress of the ancient family of Halkett assumed her name. In 1734, he was in the House of Commons. Colonel of the 44th. Regiment of Foot 1751. His son James was killed with him in the battle of the Monongahela, 9th. July I7.v> Axu Its Associations 49 On the 9th, Lieutenant Gage with about four hundred men was ordered to advance early in the morning. By one o'clock the entire army had crossed the river the second time, at a point about seven miles from Fort Duquesne, when the ad- vance guard was attacked by a body of French and Indians, concealed behind rocks and trees. The circumstances attend- ing the disastrous defeat and the dreadful slaughter on that day, is too generally known to require a detailed account. With Braddock on that beautiful, but fateful summer day, there were five young men, all of whom afterwards gained re- nown in the Revolutionary war — Gage commander of the British Troops at Bunker Hill ; Gates victor at Saratoga ; Mer- cer killed at Princeton ; Alorgan who defeated Tarleton at the Cowpens, and last but not least George Washington. Thackeray, in his novel, "The Virginians," gives a spirited account of Braddock's defeat and refers to the marvelous rapidity with which tidings of the disaster were circulated, in Eastern \'irginia. "The house negroes, in their midnight gallops about the country, in search of junketing or sweethearts, brought and spread news over amazingly wide districts. They had a curious knowledge of the incidents of the march for a fort- night at least after its commencement. '■- * * But on the loth of July, a vast and sudden gloom spread over the prov- ince. A look of terror and doubt seemed to fall upon every face. Afifrighted negroes wistfully eyed their masters and re- tired; and hummed and whispered with one another. The fiddles ceased in the quarters; the song and laugh of those cheery black folk were hushed. Ri^hi and left, everybody's servants were on the gallop for news. The country taverns were thronged with horsemen, who drank and cursed and brawled at the bars, each bringing his gloomy story. The army liad been surprised. The tr(in|)s had fallen into an am- buscade, and harl been ml u]) aliimst to a man. All the offi- cers were taken down by the Ircueh marksmen and savages. The General had been wounded and carried ofif the field in his sash. Four days afterwards the rejxirt was that he was dead, and scalped by a Prcnch Indian." 50 Thk Caklvle Hol'se The news of Braddock's defeat spread consternation in the colonies, and in England it was received with mingled feelings of regret and amusement. Regret at the great sacrifice of human life, and the loss, for the time being, of the territory on the Ohio River and its tributaries, and amusement at the inglorious ending of what was expected to have been a bril- liant campaign, expressing itself in such lines as these from the Gentlemen's Magazine for September 1755. "Ah ! Braddock. why did 3'ou persuade To stand and fight each recreant blade, That left thee in the wood? They knew that those who run away, Might live to fight another day. But all must die that stood." It is interesting to note, that the sash worn by General Braddock and in which he was carried from the field, is still in existence, the history of which is thus graphically told by the late General William Price Craighill, U. S. A., in the West Virginia Historical Magazine, July 1902. "I saw this sash in Winchester, Virginia, several years ago, through the courtesy of Mrs. Betty Taylor Dandridge. She had received it from her father General Zachary Taylor, who died as Pres- ident of the United States. The sash is very large and made of red silk. It has on it the date of i/Oy. The stains of blood on it are distinctly visible. The report of De Haas, (History of the early settlement and Indian Wars of Western Virginia,) is that in 1846, 'a gentleman of New Orleans" had the sash. His wish was that it should be presented to the soldier who was most distinguished in the 'recent campaign' on the Rio Grande. Thus it came into the possession of General Taylor after his victories at Buena Vista, Resaca de la Palma and Monterey. After prolonged and diligent search I ascertained that the sash passed into the hands of General Washington at the death of Braddock in 1755. From him Nellie Custis received it. She became Mrs. Lawrence Lewis, and one of her daughters (the eldest Frances Park Lewis) married GO\'ERNOU HORATIO SHAUPE /■'roiii Pannano't^ Mary/and. .stories froiK Her IlUtory. The Carlvle JrlorsE Colonel E. G. \V. Butler of Louisiana, and he was 'the gentle- man of New Orleans,' who presented the sash to General Taylor." This famous sash, now over two hundred years old, is still preserved with jealous care. It is a singular coincidence that General Taylor died in 1850, on the anniversary of the defeat of General Braddock. It is of more than passing interest to add. that on the loth of November, 1907, the Society of Colonial Wars, in the Dis- trict of Columbia, placed a '"boulder" on the sacred grounds of the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, at Mount St. Alban, Washington, D. C, on the line of march taken by Braddock's soldiers and seamen, when they went from Alexandria to Rock Creek and thence to Frederick- Town, Maryland, and placed thereon a bronze tablet bearing this inscription : THIS MEMORIAL W^\S ERECTED IX 1907, BY THE SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, TO MARK THE ROAD OVER WHICH, ON APRIL 14, 1755, A DIVISION OF THE BRITISH ARMY, UNDER GENERAL BRADDOCK, MARCHED ON ITS W^\Y TO FORT DUOUESNE. The ceremony of the unveiling was performed by the Hon- orable James Bryce, British Ambassador, the bronze tablet was covered by two laurel wreaths, one with the British and ^ the other with the American colorsT And in the distance, C^^ Colonel !