BIOLOGY LIBRARY BRITISH MARINE CONCHOLOGY; BEING a 23?cnpttb* Catalogue, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE LAMARCKIAK SYSTEM, OP THE SALT WATER SHELLS OF GREAT BRITAIN, BY CHARLES THORPE, u ASSISTED BY SEVERAL DISTINGUISHED CONCHOLOCISTS, AND ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS DELINEATIONS OF THE RARER AND UNFIGURED SPECIES. BY G. B. SOWERBY AND W. WOOD LONDON: PUBLISHED BY EDWARD LUMLEY, 56, CHANCERY LANE. 1844 LONDON II. FISHER, PHIKT-ER, CROSI STREET, ISLINGTON . BIOLOGY LIBRARY PREFACE. THE ill tent of the following pages, is to supply the col- lector of British Shells, at a moderate cost, and in a portable form, with a complete descriptive catalogue of all the marine species decidedly indigenous to this country. The author has endeavoured to compile a work which might suffice for the arrangement of any cabinet of British Shells. For the Bivalves, the useful quarto of Turton has been abridged, the abridgement (if it may be so called) consisting merely in a selection and contraction of the synonyms, the whole substance of the descriptions being retained and frequently enlarged. As no work si- milarly devoted to the elucidation of the Univalves, and based on the more scientific and natural arrangement of the modern systematists, had appeared ; that section has demanded a stricter comparison of specimens, with the drawings and descriptions of the older writers of the Linncean School. Much care has been bestowed upon a point neglected hitherto by our authors, the comparison of our native species with those described by the older naturalists, and those contained in the Faunae of Europe and America. a 2 M94081 IV The land and freshwater shells of Great Britain, having been so ably illustrated in the recent edition of Turton's Manual, the author refraining altogether from that branch of his subject, has restricted his attention to the salt-water species alone. By the scientific Conchologist the convenience of possessing in a small compass, the description of the species which from time to time, discovered since the days of Montagu, have been scattered through the various periodicals of England and Scotland, can not fail to be appreciated. The exquisite figures, for whose fidelity the name of Sowerby is a sufficient guarantee, illustrating those species chiefly which have been either ill delineated or are altogether as yet unfigured, must cause this work, to be indispensable to every naturalist who may study this branch of Nature's handiworks. As a preliminary for the arrangement of his cabinet, the reader should consult the SYSTEMATIC INDEX, which con- tains additional matter and emendations, together with a selection of unpublished species, from the MSS of some of our most scientific collectors. This portion has been contributed by Sylvanus Hanley, Esq. who has materi- ally assisted the author in the course of his labours. His gratitude is likewise due to W. Metcalfe, Esq. of Lincoln's Inn, and William Bean, Esq. of Scarborough as well for the use of their extensive collections, as for their willing communication of much valuable information. LIST OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS. 1 . Modiola Decussata. 2. Fusus Barvicensis. 3. Sigaretus Tentaculatus. 4. V'elutina Otis. 5. Dentalium Glabrum. 6. Tarentinum. 7. Littorina Patula. 8. Cerithium Tuberculare. 9. Odostomia Rissoides. 10. Turrita. 1 1 . Unidentata. 12. Eulimoides. 13. _ Plicata. 14. Montacuta ? Purpurea. 15. Pandora Obtusa. 16. .Montacuta Ferruginea. 17. Turritella Nitidissima. 18. Trochus Montacuti; 19. Tunitella Fulvocincta. 20. Ascaris. VI 21. Bulla Cranchii. 22. Mytilus Exustus, young, 23. Lucina Spinifera, adult. 24. Amphidesma Tenue. 25. Conovulus Albus. 26. Cingula Rubra. 27. Scalaria Treveliana. 28. Mactra Elliptica. 29. Chiton Lsevis. 30. Pecten Aculeatus. 31. Nucula Nitida. 32. 33. 34. Turritella Elegantissima. 35. Turritella Unica. 36. Trochus Millegranus. 37. Odostomia Interstincta. 38. Rissoa (Cingula) Brugieri. 39. Cingula Pellucida. 40. Pleurotoma Gracilis. 41. Pleurobranchus Plumula. 42. Cingula Labiosa. 43. Rissoa (Cingula) Beanii. 44. Skenea Serpuloides. 45. Cingula Striatula. 46. Cingula Parva, variety Rufihtbri: >o c j Sphoenia Binghami. Vll 47. Buccinum Incrassatum, variety V'aricosum. 48. Buccinum Minimum. 49. Eulima Polita, variety. -50. Cingula Fulgida. 51. Cingillu?, young. 52. Pleurotoma Trevellianum. 53. Veruiilia Triquetra, variety Serrulata. 54. Trichotropis Urnbilicatus. 55. Natica Groenlandica. 56. Chiton Pictus. 57. Chiton Hanleyi. 58. Montacuta Bidentata. 59. Modiola Nigra. 60. Dentalium Subulatum. 61. Trachea. 62. Gadus. 63. Spirorbis Lucida. 64. Granulata. 65. Corrugata. 66. Serpula Vermicularis, Var. 67. Mulleri. 68. Tubularia. 69. Anatifa Fascicularis. 70. Thracia Declivis. 71. Pholas Parva. 72. Galeomma Turtoni. vm 73. Anomia Aculeata. 74. Nucula Nucleus, Far. 75. Truncatella Montagui. 76. Pleurobranchus Membranaceus. 77. Sigaretus Perspicuus. 78. Fissurella (Cemoria) Noachina. 79. Emarginula Rosea. 80. Laplysia Depilaris. shield. 81. Bullaea Catenata. 82. Natica Alderi. 83. Lacuna Patula. 84. Fasciata. 85. Pallidula. S6. Lacuna Gracilior. 87. Cingula? Globulam 88. Littorina Ulvae. 89. Cingula Scalariformis. 90. Seraistriata 91. Parthenia Turrita. 92. Littorina Tenebiosa* 93. Fusus Nebula. 94. Attenuatus. 95. Purpureus. 96. Bamfius. 97. Muricalus. 98. Balanus Scoticus. IX 99. Cingula Striata. TOO. Pyrgoma Anglicum. 101. Patella Athletica. 102. Cyprina Minima. 103. Acmoea Testudinalis; 104. Modiola Radiata. 105. Mytilus Pellucidus. 106. Solen Pellucidus. 107. Crassina Elliptica. 108. Ostrea Parasitica. 109. Avicula Mediterranea. We recommend those who desire to possess in one work the figures of all the British shells, to procure the new edition of the Index Testaceologicus by Wood and Hanley. c 3 A. LIST OF THE WORKS CHIEFLY REFERRED TO. ADAMS or ADAMS MICR. Adam's Essays on the Mi- croscope. ANNALS NAT. H. The Annals of Natural History. ARG. Argenville's Lithologie et Conehiliologie. Paris. 1757. BERW. TR. Transactions of the Berwickshire Natural Historical Society. BL. or BLAIN. Blainville's Manuel de Malacologie. BORL. CORNWALL Borlase's Natural History of Corn- wall, 1758. BORN. Born's Testacea Musei Csesarei Vindobonensis. Vienna, 1750. BROD. Broderip (in Zoological Journal, &c.) BROWN IL. Brown's Illustrations of the Conchology of Great Britain. BRUG. Brugiere's " Histoire Naturelle des Vers" in the Encyclopedie Methodique. Xll CH. or CHEM. Chemnitz's Continuation of Martini's Conchy li en Cabinet. C. I. or CONC. IL. Conchological Illustrations by SOWERBY JUNIOR. (Cardium and Nucula.) CONCH. MAG. See MAL. MAG. Cuv. or CUVIER. Cuvier's Regne Animale. DA Cos. Da Costa's British Conchology. DESH. Deshaye's edition of Lamarck, and Monograph (MoN. DENT.) of Dentalium. D. or DIL. Dilwyn's Descriptive Catalogue of Recent Shells, 1817. DON. Donovan's Natural History of British Shells, 1799 to 1803. DOR. CAT. Catalogue of the Shells, &c. of Dorsetshire, by R. Pultney, 1813. EDIN. ENC. Encyclopaedia Edinensis. EDIN. PHIL. J. Edinburgh PhilosophicalJournal. EDIN. J. OF NAT. Sc. Edinburgh Journal of Natnral and Geographical Science. ELLIS COR. Ellis's Natural History of Corallines. ELLIS ZOOP. Ellis and Solander's Natural History of many Zoophytes. E. or E. M. Encyclopedic Methodique (Plates of Shells). E>c. BRIT. SUP. Leach's Article CONCHOLOGY in the Supplement to the third edition of the Encyclopaedia Brittanica. Xlll F., FL. or FLEM. Fleming's British Animals. FAUN. FRANC. Blainville in the Faune Francaise. GMEL. Gmelin's Sy sterna Naturae, 1788. GOULD MAS. Gould's Invertebrata of Massachussets. GRAY Gray in the Philosophical Magazine, 1827, and in Griffith's edition of Cuvier. GRAY TURT. Gray's edition of Turton's Manual of Land and Fresh- water Shells. GUAL. Gualtier's Index Testarum Conchyliorum. HONING. JVloN. CRAN. Haeninghaus's Monograph of Crania. KNORR. Knorr's Delices des Yeux et de 1'E sprit. LAM. Lamarck's Aniaiales sans Vertebres, 1818. LEACH Z. M. Leach's Zoological Miscellany. LEACH CIRRHIP. Leach's Article Cirrhipedes in the Supplement to the Encyclopaedia Brittanica. LIN. Linnaeus's Systema Natura, 12th edition. LIN. Mus. ULRIC. Linnaeus's Museum L. Ulricae Reginae Sueciae. LIN. MANT. Linnceus's Mantissa Altera, 1764. LIN. T. or LIN. TR. Transactions of the Linnaean Society of London. LIST. Lister's Historia Conchyliorum. LIST AN. or LIST AN. ANG. Lister's Historia Anima- lium Angliae, MACG. or MACG. AB. Macgyllivray on the Molluscous Animals of Aberdeenshire. XIV MAG. Z. and Box Magazine of Zoology and Botany. MAG. NAT. or MAG. N. H. Magazine of Natural History, (London and Charlesworih). MAG. DE ZOOL. Magasin de Zoologie, (Guerin's) MAL. MON. Forbes' Maiacologia Monensis. MALAC. MAG. Malacological and Conchological Ma- gazine, (edited by SOWERBY). MART. Martini's Conchylien Cabinet. MICH. Midland's Supplement to Draparnaud's His- toire Naturelle des Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles. MONT. Montagu's Testacea Brittanica. MONT SUP. Supplement to the above. MULL. Z. D. or MULL. ZOOL. DAN. Muller's Zoolo- gia Danica, 1788. PAYR. Fayraudeau's Catalogue des Annelides et des Mollusques de lisle de Corse. PEN. Pennant's British Zoology, 1777. PHIL, or PHILLIPI Philippi's Ennmeratio Mollusco- rum Siciliae. PLANC. CONCH. Plancus de Conchis Minus Notis. POLL Poll's Testacea utriusque Siciliae. PULT. DOR. See DOR. CAT. REEVE. Reeve's Conchologia Systematica. SAY. Say in the Jonrual of the Academy of Philadel- phia, (vols. 2 and 5,) American Conchology, &c. SCHROET. EIN. Schroeter's Einlentung in die Conchy- lien nach Linne. xr SEBA. Seba's Descriptio Thesauri rerum Naturalium. SIL. J. Silliman's American Journal of Science. Sow. BRIT. Misc. Sowerby's British Miscellany. Sow. CONC. IL. See C. I. Sow. G. Sowerby's Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells. Sow. SP. CON. Sowerby's Species Conchyliorum ( Paii- dora). Sow. TH. Sowerby's, Junior, Thesaurus Conchyliorum (Lima and Pecten). TRANS. BERWICK. N. H. Soc. See BERW. TR. TR. WER. See WER. TR. TURT. B. or TURT. Biv. or T. Biv. -Turton's Bivalves, being the only portion published of his CONCHYLIA INSULARUM BRITTANICARUM. TURT. D., TURT. Die. or TURT. C. D. Turton's Conchological Dictionary. VOY. DE COQ. Voyage de la Coquille, (Mollusques par Lesson). WALKER. Walker's Testacea Minuta Rariora. WERN. T. or WERN. Soc. or WERN. MEM. WOOD'S G. C. Wood's General Conchology. Z. J. or ZOOL. J. Zoological Journal. Z. M. Zoological Miscellany (Leach's) Z. P. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. SYSTEMATIC INDEX. The species not printed in italics, are those whose dis- tinctness is doubtful, or which having only been found after death, have probably been cast ashore from wrecks. The numerals refer to the page at which each species is described. ANNELIDES. DWTALWM. Album> 2 . Entails, 1 (a). Tarentinum,f.Q. Young Dent alis, 2, and Se- mistriatum, 3. Octangulatum, 2. Labiatum, 3. (a) According to M. Deshayes, this and the succeed- ing shell form but one species. We shall not be sur- prised if this opinion prove correct with regard to the com- mon Kentish specimens, (in abundance at Pegwell Bay) which we consider to be the Entalis of the majority of British cabinets. XV111 lave, 3 (b). Imperforatum, 4. Clausum, 4. Glabrum, 4, f. 5. Gadus, 5,/. 62. Trachea, 5,/. 61. Subulatum(c),f. 60 (6) The British Dentalia are peculiarly obscure, few eabinets possessing more than one or two of the larger species. I believe the chief difference of the Lyeve from the Entalis, consists in its being snowy white, highly polished (like enamel), and perfectly free from those ex- tremely minute longitudinal striulae, which in perfect spe- cimens will be always found, under the lens, in that species. It is also more attenuated and longer, but this latter character is of little avail for comparison, as this genus is rarely found alive and perfect. This species is chiefly found in the north of England, arid the Entalis in the south. (c) Subcylindrical, elongated, polished, pale horn coloured, perfectly smooth, moderately arcuated. Larger aperture contracted, perfectly round, smaller extremity with a minute round perforation, no fissure. Length one inch, breadth at the broadest part nearly a line, at the smaller end, one third of a line. This is the Ditrupa Subulata of Berkely in the Zoological Journal, and the Dentalium Subulatum of Deahayes' Monograph. The XIX PECTINARIA. Belgica, 5 (?). SABELLARIA. Alveolata, (e). Conchilega, 7. Lumbricalis, 7. Cirrhata, 7. Arenaria, 8. Subcylindrica, 8. Setiformis, 8. , 8. TEREBELLA. Chrysodon, 6. Compressa, 8. specimen described came from the N.W. coast of Ireland, and was presented by its discoverer to Mr. Haniey, by whom it was transferred to the valuable collection of W. Metcalfe, Esq. (d) I received from Mr. Bean an arcuated and much more tapering and slender variety, which perfectly agreed with Muller's figure (Zool. Dan. t. 26, /. 2.) of the sheath of his Amphitrite Auricoma. (e) There are two curious varieties ( ?) of this shell, the first possessing the honeycomb appearance and parallel tubes of the type, but constructed of coarser materials, is usually termed S. CRASSISSIMA. The tubes of the other have no regular arrangement, and their moutlis are devoid of the usual patulous rim. It forms large banks at Mar- gate and Ramsgate, and is the S. TUBULARIA of Chenu's I llustrations Conchiliologiques. XX Flexilis(f). SPIRORBIS. Nautiloides, 9. Spirillurr, 9. Granulata, 10,/. 64. Heterostropha, 10. Young ? Minuta, 11. Carinata, 10. Corrugata,\\,f. 65. Ludda, ll,/. 63. Cornea, 12. Conica, 243. SERPULA. Mulleri, 12, (8. Fin- cularis, Montagu and Turton,) (g). Variety Spirorbis Reversa, 12. Variety coiled up in substances to which it cannot attach itself, Solitaria, 265,/. 67. ( f ) Tube free, subcylindrical, flexuous, elastic, scarcely, if at all, tapering, membraneous, without (for the most part) sand, stones, broken shells, or any foreign substances attached ; the lines of growth circular, the thickness not exceeding a crowquill. Scarborough, from 6 to 8 inches in length. (a) I may as well mention that the variety B. of Tur- ton 's Dictionary, (p. 152,) is but a V. Triquetra, so located as to be unable to spread at the base. I state this from the possession of a specimen authenticated by Turton. The variety Solitaria, were it not always flat- tened above and considerably smaller, might easily be confused with Tubularia. xxi TMaria 13. ( Ver- F ERMILIA. metus kemisurrectus ? Phil. t. 9,/. \9.)f. 68. Filograna, 13. Vermicularis, 1 3 (h) . /. 66 Triquetra, 14. Variety Serrulata, 244, / 53. Variety coiled up in (h) The variety Tubularia of Turton seems so very distinct, that it was only after continual observation that I assented to Mr. Berkely's synonyms in the Magazine of Natural History. The Vermicularis has a thin keel, (often with two additional smaller ones,) aud the mouth seems armed above with an obtuse tooth-like projection, (the shell being cylindrical cannot be confused with V. Triquetra.) It is rarely found solitary, and the larger end scarcely if at all, projects above the surface. In this state it appears to be the Rugosa of the Conchological Dictionary, p. 154, and bears much resemblance to Mul- leri, but that species (at least the Vermicularis of Mon- tague, which is declared by Mr. B. to be the same) has a subquadrate look, for the top is somewhat flattened. When aged the oarina and tooth totally disappear, the shell rises at a considerable angle from the surface to which the lower portion is attached, the margin of the aperture becomes circular and reflected, and finally the relics of the successively formed mouths produce the effect of one tube growing out of the other. XX11 ether substances, S. Placentula, 165. Scabra, 14. CIRRHIPEDA. CORONULA. Diadema, 15. BALANUS. Communis, 16. Vulgaris, 16. Rugosus, 17. Scoticus, 18,/. 98. Punctatus, 18. Costatus, 18. Clavatus, 19. Conoidet, 19. Alcyonii, 20. Cranchii, 244. Montagui, 20, PYRGOMA. Anglicum, 2 1,/. 100. CREUSIA. Verruca, 2 1 . ANATIFA. Lcevis, 22. Sfratfar, 22. Sulcata, 23. Fascicularis, 23, f. 69. POLLICIPES. Scalpellum, 24. Cornucopia, 25. CINERAS. Vittata, 26. OTION. Blainmllii, 27. CONCHIFERA. TEREDO. Navalis, 28. Bipennata, 28. Malleolus, 28. Mw, 29. PHOLAS. Crispata, 29. XX111 Papy racea, 29. Tuberculata, 30. Striata.Zl. Dactylus. 31. Candida, 31. Para*, 32,/. 71. XYLOPHAGA. Dorsalis, 32. GASTROCH^NA. Modiolina, 33. GALEOMMA. Turtom,'33,f. 72. SOLEN. Vagina, 34. Novacula, 3-5. Kiliqua, 35. .EV^'s, 35. Pellucidus, 35, f. 106. Legumen, 36. Coarctatus,36. Dechvis, 37. Fragilis, 37. Candidus, 38. Scapula, 38. PANOP^A. Arctica, 38. Truncata, 40. Arenaria, 40. M. ? Decussata, 41. LYONSIA. TUR- TON (7J. fMya Norwegica, ANATINA. Truncata, 4'2. Prtetenius, 43. Distort a, 43. Arctica, 42. (z) Transverse, inequi valve, inequilateral, open at the anterior end. Hinge with a transverse heart-shaped moveable tooth common to both the valves, and uniting them by a transverse cavity in each; ligament internal. XXIV THRACIA. LEACH (j). (Anatina Convexa, 41J (Anatina Pubescens,4\ .) (Anatina Declivis, 42.) / 70. LUTRARIA. Oblonga, 44. Flliptica, 45. LISTER A (k). TURTON. L. Compressa (Lutraria, C. 45). MACTRA. Solida, 46. Truncata, 46. Subtruncata, 47. Stultorum, 47.. Cinerea, 47. Glauca, 48. Fragilis, 48. Elliptica, 244, /. 28. LEPTON. Squamosum, 49 . Nitidum, 49. GOODALLIA (I), Triangularis, 49. Minutissima, 50. ERVILIA. Nitens, 50. Pellucida, 245; KELLIA. Suborbicularis, 5 1 . (^') Transversely oval-oblong, inequivalve, slightly gaping at each extremity. Hinge consisting of a more or less prominent horizontal spoon- shaped tooth which receives the ligament. Palleal scar deeply impressed. (k] Transverse, oval, equivalve, a little open at the sides. Hinge with a spoon-shaped tooth and additional denticles, no lateral teeth. Ligament external. (I) Possibly young ASTARTE'S. XXV PORONIA (m). Rulra (KelliaR. 51.) Oblonga, 52. MONTACUTA. Sulstriata, 5 1 . Bidentata, 52, / 58, Ferruffinea, 52, f. 16. M.? Purpurea,/. 14 (w). (wz) A genus established by M Recluz in the Revue Cuverienne of last year. Although nearly allied to Kellia, it is evidently a natural genus, and is most easily recognised by the broad Hgamental plate. The charac- ters are as follows : " Ovate or roundish, transverse, equivalve inequilateral, closed. Two cardinal teeth in each valve, (but not as in Kellia on the same side of the umbo.) A ligamental pit running alongside of the single lateral tooth. Muscular impressions oval, equal. No pallcal sinus. (n) I received from Mr. Bean of Scarborough some shells thus named. They are so minute as almost to baffle microscopic observation. I perceive, however, two approximate cardinal teeth on the same side of the umbo, and a very indistinct anterior lateral one. These charac- ters are those of Kellia proper. The ligament is very in- distinct. The shell is elliptical, smooth, glossy, very in- quilateral, pale olive with a purplish tinge at the beaks, pellucid, I XXVI MESODESMA. Deauratum, 53. Donacilla, 53. M. ? Castaneum, 54. AMPHIDESMA. Prismatieum, 54. Tenue, 55, /. 24. Boysii, 55. CORBULA. Nucleus , 56. SPH^NIA. Binghami, 61, f. 32, 33. Svvainsoiii, 57 (o). Costulata, 245. PANDORA. Obtusa, 57, /. 15. Rostrata, 58. HIATELLA. Rugosa, 58. Arctica, 59. AGIN A (p). Purpurea, 60. FENERUPIS. Irus, 60. Perforans, 6 1 . PETRICOLA. Ochroleuca Fragilis, 62). PSAMMOBIA. Tellinella, 62. Costulata, 62. Laskeyi, 63. Polygoua, 63. Ferroensis, 64. SANGUINOLARIA, Rugosa, 64. Vespertina, 65. TELLINA. Lineata, 65. Punicea, 66. Not impossibly the young M ya Arenaria. Scarcely differing from HIATELLA. xxvn Fabula, 66. Similis, 67. Donacina, 67. Bimaculata, 68. Depressa, 68. Striata, 69. 7W*, 69. Solidula, 70. T. ? Maculata, 70. Cr assa y 71. Proximo,, 246. LUCINA. Lactea, 71. Leucoma, 72. Alba, 72. Rotundata, 73. tfwefata, 73. Radula, 73. Sinuosa, 74. Spinifera. 74,/. 23. Carnaria, 75. Pisifoimis, 75. Divaricata, 76. TigrinaJQ. DONAX. Anatinum, 77. Denticulatus, 78. Complanatus, 78. , 79. CRASSINA (AS- TARTE). Danmoniensis, 80. miptiea,246,f. 107. Compressa, 247. Sulcata, 247. Scotica, 77. Multicostata (Compres- sa, 80). CYPRINA. Islandica, 81. Triangularis, 82. Minima, 82, /. 102. Orbicularis, 83. CYTHEREA. Chione, 83. Guineensis, 84. Exoleta, 84. XX Y1I1 Lincta, 84. VENUS. Verrucosa, 85. Cassina, 86. Reflexa (Distinct, 86), Cancellata, 87. Subcordata, 87. Granulata, 88. Fasciata, 88. Dysera, 89. Laminosa, 89. Gallina, 89. Pallida, 90. Ot>ata, 90. Substriata, 91. ^eS,f. 31. Nucleus, 105, /. 74. Tennis, 105 Rostrata, 105, Minuta, 106. MODIOLA. Radiata, 249, /. 104. Rhombea, 107. Vulgar is (Modiolus, 107) (r). Decussata (Faba, 248, /I). Gi66*ii, 107. Discors, 108. DiscrepanS) 108. , 249, /. 5 (). (r) This shell is not the M. Modiolus of Linne, which is really that called Tulipa by Lamarck. I state this from an examination of the typical specimens of that great naturalist. (*) M. Nigra (Gray in Supplement to Parry's Voyage) appears to be the Discrepans of Montagu's Supplement, agreeing very well with the figure. The author's re- ference to the larger Newfoundland specimens must be expunged, for although extremely resembling them, the British shell may be easily distinguished by the propor- tionate shortness from the beaks to the ventral edge, (which by age also becomes much incurved,) arid its de- cidedly stronger radiating costellaB, Frith of Forth. XXX MYTILUS. Edulis, 109. Galloprovincialis. (Sub- saxatilis, 109). Pellucidus, HO,/. 105. Exustus,f. 22. Young (Striatulus, 110). LITHODOMUS. Caudigerus (Lithopha- gus, 111). PINNA. Ingens, 111. Pectmata (Fragilis,\ 1 1 ). Papyracea, 112. CRENATULA. Travisit, 112. AVICULA. A. Tarent'ma (A. Hi- rundo, 113,)/. 109. LIMA. Loscombii, Sowerby, (Bullata, 114). Subauriculata, 114. Aperta, 249. PECTEN. Maximus, 115. Opercularis, 115. Subrufus, 116. Sinuosus, 116. Glaber, 117. Tumidus, 117. Lcevis, 117. Obsoletus, 118. FarzW, 118. Pusio, 119. Islandicus, 119. Aculeatus, 249, /. 30. JVtweM*, 250. Isabella, 250. OSTREA. Edulis, 120 (0. () The O. Hippopus of Lamarck, stated to be com- mon on the French coast, but not mentioned by our own XXXI Parasltica, 120 (0. De- pressa Philippi, t. 6, /. 3,)/ 108. ANOMIA. Electrica, 120. Ephippium, 121. Cepa, 121. Squamula, 122. Undulata, 122. Punctata, 122. Cylindrica^ 123. Striolata, 123. Aculeata, 123, f, 73. Fornicata, 124. Tubularis, 124. Coronata, 124. DISCINA. Ostreoides, 125. CRANIA. Rostrata, 125. TEREBRATULA. Cranium, 126. Ps'ittacea, 127. ^writo, 127. CHITON. Fascicularis, 128. Crinitus, 25 1 . Margmatus, 128. Cinereus, 128. 129. i, 129,/. 29. , 129. Lcevigatus, 129. Hanleyi, 263, /. 57. Pictus, 264, /. 56. PATELLA. Vulgata, 130. Athletica,264,f. 108. ACMMA. ESCHOLTZ. (Patella Pectinata, 139). British writers as found on our shores, appears to be nothing more than that variety of the common oyster, of which the sides are expanded and the inner margin den- ticulated near the umbo. XXX11 (Patella Pellucida, 131). (Patella Testudinalis, 1S1,)/. 103. (Patella Virgmea, 13 1), (Young Pulchella,l 32). Fulva (M). PL EURO- BRONCHUS. Plumula,l32 t f. 41. Membranaceus, 133, f. 76. EMARGINULA. Fissura, 133. Rosea (Fissura, var. 133) (),/ 79. FISSURELLA. Reticulata, Donovan, (Gr 86. (a) L. PUTEOLUS. Turton ZooL Jour. 3, p. 191. Roundish oblong, oblique, purplish with three deeper bands ; aperture roundish or oval. Devonshire. Thicker than Montacuti or Fasciata, and when full grown has the larger volution considerably produced obliquely. (b) The young are destitute of markings, of a sea green, with an obtuse carina near the base of the body whorl. In this state it agrees well with Montagu's figure of Canalis. (c) With two broad brown and two narrow white bands. (d) L. GRACILIOR. Metcalfe MSS. Resembling Canalis of Turton in being of an uniform horn colour, but the shape is more attenuated, the whorls being pro- duced so that instead of the aperture being as long as the spire it only occupies two fifths of the shell. The outer lip too, is acute, (in the adult of Canalis it is thickened,) and the columellar groove very narrow in- stead of being wider than in the typical variety. XXXIX Crassior (Turbo C. 167). TURBO. Armatus, 169. Castaneus, 167. TROCHUS. Magus, 160. Umbilicatus, 160. Cinerarius, 161. Tumidus, 161. Perforates, 161. Crassus, 162. Granulatus, 162. Ziziphinus, 163. Conulus, 255. Striatus, 164. Subcarinatus (Turbo S. 170). Montagui. 255, f. 18. Electissimus, 264. Millegranus Philippi (Martini, 164,) /. 36. LITTORINA. Littorea (Turbo L. 165). Petrcea( Turbo P. 165). Rudis (Turbo R. 166). . . Far ietyRudissima,26 7 . ) --- ? Zonaria,266. Tenebrosa (Turbo T. 166,) /. 92. Saxatitis, 258. Fabalis (Turbo F, 167). Neritoides (Turbo N. 171). Jugosa, 257. t//tw (Cingula U. 180), /. 88. Muriatica (Cingula M, 261). Anatina, 258. Neglecta, 266. CINGULA. * Outer lip thickened bij a varix (RISSOLE). Cimex, 174. Calathiscus, 174. Striatula, 175,/. 45. Costata, 175 (Carinata Philippifide Recluz}. Parva, 175 xl Turbo Costatus of La- 'march) (e), Marginata, 176 (Rissoa Acicula ? Sow. G. R. Acuta ? Desmoulin. C.? Dentifera, 177. Bryerea (Chesnelii? Mi- chaud on Rissoa). Semicostata, 178. Striata, 178 (Rissoa Spi- rata ? Sow. G.\f. 99. Disjuncta, 179. Labiosa, 179,/. 42. Rupestris, 184. Reticulata (/). (e) A curious variety (if indeed no more than a variety) of this species has been figured, (f. 4,) from a specimen forwarded by Mr. Bean as Rufilabris? of Leach, which agrees perfectly with specimens collected by Mr. Sylvanus Hanley at Ryde. The shape, as in Parva, is oblong-conical, the 6 or 7 whorls moderately convex, and the lower ones longitudinally obtusely ribbed. Perfect specimens have very fine spiral striae. But the mouth is peculiar. It possesses an extremely thick white marginal callus on the outer lip, which is edged with rufous. The aperture is violet, a smoky shade of which forms the uniform colour of the shell. The rufous arched line which usually ornaments the exterior portion of the lip in Parva, is absent. (/) C. RETICULATA. Fl. 306. TURBO R. Mont. t. 21, /. 1, p. 322.Ti(rt. Die. 212. (Lin. Trans. 3 y t. 13, xl. Brugieri, f. 38 (g). \ Beanii, /. 43 (A). f. 19, 20.) Conic, pointed, strong, opaque, dirty white or dull brown ; whorls 6, much rounded and well de- fined, strongly striated both longitudinally and trans- versely. Aperture nearly orbicular, thickened by a rib ; inner lip a litttle reflected, with a slight groove be- hind it. 0*10. Pembrokeshire, Kent, and Seaford in Ireland. (g) R. BRUGIERI, Fayraudeau, t.5,f. 17,8,^.113. Oblong-turrited, strong, glassy white ; whorls 7, con- vex, roughened by narrow longitudinal ribs (about 12 on the body), and distinct spiral striae ; body whorl occupying five twelfths of the length ; the outer lip not patulous, with a very broad transversely sulcated margin, and a distinct sinus at the base of the aper- ture, which is oblong ; pillar very strong. A single specimen of this distinct shell is in the col- lection of W. Bean, Esq., and I believe was found at Scarborough. (h) Ovate- conical, dull white, strong, not umbili- cated, apex rather obtuse ; whorls five, rather flat, girt with numerous raised concentric sulci, which in the middle whorls and the upper part of the body-whorl are decussated by numerous costellae, (at least 20 or 30 xlii Scalariformis (),/. 89. . ,. . Interrupt^ 182. * Outer hp simple. ,\ P Rubra, 182, /. 26. acute (j). (CINGULM Proper). Ventricosa, 180. Subumbilicata, 181. Uni/asciata, 182 (Fulva Michaud on Rissoa fide Recluz). on each whorl) ; aperture equal to one third the length of the shell ; outer lip strong, striated spirally within. Scarborough. O'lO. . 0'25. . The description of R. Buc- cinoides of Deshayes, in the expedition to the Morea, seems to apply to a shell allied to this species. (i) R. SCALARIFORMIS, Metcalfe MSS. General appearance of R. Cimex, but more elongated, the suture particularly distinct, the whorls rounded, a grooved space destitute of decussation at the base, the belt above which is peculiarly strong ; aperture devoid of spiral striae, but the exterior ridges forming four or five internal grooves. Herm near Guernsey. (j) C. ? GLOBULARIS, Metcalfe MSS.,f. 87. Glo- bose, conic, shining, pellucid, horn-coloured, with 4 whorls, the last considerably the largest, marked by slight lines of growth ; aperture oval, the inner lip expanded and partly covering a moderately sized umbilicus ; suture not deep. Length and breadth about one twelfth of an inch. Weymouth. xliii Cingillata, 182,/. 51. Nivosa (Turbo N. 171). Decussata (Turbo D. 169). C.? Auricularia, 180. Alba, 183. Semistriata, 183,/. 90. Dispar, 184. Harvey i, 184. <*?, 185. , 185. Fulgida, 255, /. 50. Gracilis, 262. Punctura (K). Pellucida,/. 39(/). (A) TURBO PUNCTURA, Mm*, t. 12, /. 5.Turt. Die. p. 211. Oval, thin, white, generally glossy, rather pointed ; spires 5, swollen and well defined, with re- gular fine circular and longitudinal ribs so as to re- semble fine lace, and punctured in the interstices ; body whorl with about 12 transverse threads, the penult with 6 or 7, and the rest with fewer and less distinctly defined ; aperture roundish oval ; outer lip thin and plain, pillar lip a little reflected, with a slight longitudinal groove behind it. O'lO. .0'20. . West coasts and Ireland. Fleming considers it to be the young of Reticulata. I have not seen it. (I) C. PELLUCIDA, Bean MSS. Turrited-oblong, pellucid white, glossy; whorls five, very smooth and rounded ; suture distinct ; apex rather obtuse ; aper- ture more than one third the length of the shell, outer xliv PHASIANELLA Pullus, 186. STYLIFER (HI). Sty lifer a (Phasianella S. 186). EULIMA. Polita, 187,/. 4J(). Subulata, 188. Decussata, 187 (fT. 7k- TURRITELLA. Terelra, 188. Bicingulata, 189. Conifera (Cingula C. 176). Elegantissima, (Melama Campanellce Philippi* certo.) 169,/.34. t/mctf, 190,/. 35. Simillima, 190. Nitidissima, 190, /. 17. Indistinct a , 191. Carinatula, 191. Fulvocincta,l9l,f. 19. Turrita(o\f. 91. lip acute and arcuated. .Rare. 0*25.. O'lO. General shape of Montagus figure of Ventrosa, but his descrip- tion will not accurately apply. (m) Hyaline, turbinate, apex mucronated; aperture subovate, acuminated above ; lip acute, sinuated. (n) Variety smaller and more slender, the whorls being deeper in proportion to their breadth, pellucid bluish white. In the cabinet of W. Metcalfe, Esq. (o) PARTHENIA TDRRITA, Metcalfe MSS. Tur- rited, subpellucid white ; whorls scalariform, about 6, very distinct but not convex, adorned with numerous CERITHIUM. Costatuin, 196. xlv Turbiforme, 193. Tuberculare, 193, /. 8, Reticulatum, 193. narrow longitudinal ribs, which are about one third of the breadth of the interstices, and a single raised spiral rib situated a little below the middle of each whorl ; two additional rather indistinct lower ones on the body whorl, which occupies one third the length of the shell, ^...breadth two fifths of length. Guernsey. This most beautiful species, from the upper portion of the whorls being flattened, seems in a fine specimen to have the ribs tuberculated at their summit, or when rubbed, even to form a spiral band there. The aperture is small and squarish ; there is no umbilicus but in per- fect specimens, a slight umbilical groove and a very in- distinct plait on the eolumella, but not the contracted mouth of Odostomia. (j) TURBO ASCARIS, Tart. Die. 217. Extremely slender, tapering to an exceedingly fine point, milk white, semitransparent ; whorls 7 or 8, rounded and well defined by a deep impression, each with 4 or 5 regular equidistant and rather deep spiral grooves ; aperture suborbicular, the inner lip a little reflected. Breadth a fourth of the length, which is not the tenth of an inch. Seafield Ireland. Rare. xlvi Adversum, 194. Subulalum, 194. PLEUROTOMA (q). Gracile, 195,/ 40. Sinuosum^ 195. Septangulare, 196. Boothii, 196. Linear -e, 197. Trevellianum, 1 97,/5 1 (r) Smithii, 198. Coarctatum, 198. Decussatum, 198. Reticulatum, 199. Metcalfei (s). .(q) The two first species alone possess the constant emargination which should distinguish this genus. The others have a more or less distinct sinus, and will pro- bably form a subgenus with the first 8 or 9 species of the second division of our Fusi, to which they are so closely allied that it is impossible with justice to sepa- rate them. But as these latter cannot come within the definition of Pleurotoma we have provisionally fol- lowed Turton in our arrangement. (r) Will probably prove but a variety of F. Turri- cula, the depth of the sinus evidently varying in indi- vidual specimens. (s) P. METCALFEI, Reeve MSS. Elongated-sub- fusiform, white, with a single subcentral rather broad brownish band on the body-whorl, which runs along the base of the others ; whorls 5, not raised, but the suture distinct; adorned with 6 broad, strong, and ele- xlvil FUSUS. * Destitute of longitudi- nal ribs. Antique, 200. Corneus, 200. Carinatu*, 200. Retroversus, 201. Norwegicus, 207. Turtoni, 208. ** With ribs, or rows of tu- bercles. Turricula, 201. Buchanensis, 202. Proximus, 202. Costatus, 202. Attenuate, 203, f. 94. Nebula, W3,f. 93. Rufus, 204. Gyrinus, 205. Purpureus, 205, /. 95. Barvicenstis, 206, /. 2. ^m/M^, 206, /. 96. Muricatus, 206, /. 97. Fenestratus, 207. PYRULA. Carica, 208. TRICHOTROPIS. Umbilicatus, 209, /. 54. Erinaceus, 210. APORRHAIS (ROS- TELLARIA). PesPelicani,2Ll. vated longitudinal ribs, the interstices smooth ; spire about equal in length to the body-whorl; aperture very narrow, outer lip thickened, the emargination at the suture. O^O..^'^. A few specimens of this rare shell are in the cabinet of W. Metcalfe, Esq. who pro- cured them on an islet near Guernsey. When worn the entire base is of a chesnut colour. xlviii CASSIS. Bilineata, 212. PURPURA. Lapillus, 213. DOLIUM. Perdix, 213. BUCCINUM. Undatum, 214. Donovani, 214. Humphreysianum, 215. Ovum, 215. Acummatum, 215. Fusiforme, 2 1 6. Minimum (Fusus M. 204,) /48. P^MW, 216. Hepaticum, 216. Lineatum, 216. Reticulatum, 217. Incrassatum (Macula, 217,)/47. Amliguum, 218. Cinctum, 218. Tuberculatum, 219. TEREBRA. Speciosa, 267. MARGINELLA (t). Donovani, 220. Catenata, 221. VOLVARIA. Pallida>'22l. OVULA. Patula, 222. CYPR^A. Europcea, 223. POLYTHALA- MIA. ORTHOCERA. Leyumen, 224. Costata, 224. Jugosa, 225. Bicarinata, 225. (^) Voluta Hyalina of Montagu is the young of a foreign Columbella. xlix Linearis, 225. NODOSARIA. Spinulosa, 226. Radicula, 227. SPIRULA. Peronii, 227. SPIROLINA. Subarcuatula, 228. Semilitua, 228. Carinatula, 229. VERMICULUM. Intortum, 229. Subrotundum, 230. Bicorne, 230. Oblonffum, 230. Disciforme, 231. Planatum, 231. SPIROLOCULINA. Concentrica, 232. ARE THUS A. Lactea, 233. LAGENULA. Striata, 234. Squamosa, 234. Globosa, 234. Z?m, 234. Marginata, 234. Reticulata, 235. 235. LOBATULA. Vulgaris, 235. Concamerata, 236. Pulchella, 236. TEXTULARIA. Oblonga, 237. 06^, 237. ROTALIA. Beccarii, 238. Inflata, 238. POLYSTOMELLA. Crispa, 239. Rotata, 239. Lcevigatula, 240. Depressa, 240. Umbilicatula, 240. Crassula, 241. Guillielmince, 241. Ix Crenulata, 241. Nautilina, 241. NUMMULINA. Marginata, 242. The author, in common with most Conchologists, has felt the want of good figures of the British shells, the majority of the delineations being inadequate for distinguishing the species. He proposes, in the event of there being a sufficient number of subscribers, to publish the figures of every British marine shell, en- graved by -a first rate artist, at the moderate price (to subscribers only) of fifteen shillings a copy. As the production of this desideratum to British concholo- gists will entirely depend upon there being at least fifty subscribers, the author will feel obliged to those gentlemen who may be willing to become so, if they will at their earliest convenience announce their inten- tion to him, under cover to the publisher. i / r. O ' U U I \ , t <; L 1 1 /IVV/'I'. //' , V I V, II ////. W/rfr.. /////'A-,-//. C L L i I' U U . C UL( (- \l tv k t : ; >i BRITISH MARINE CONCHOLOGY. ARTICULATA. CLASS. ANNELIDES. ORDER. SEDENTARY. TRIBE. MALDANI.E. GENUS. DENTALIUM. Horn shaped, sliyhtly arcuated and almost regular, attenuated insensibly towards the posterior extre- mity, open at both ends. D. ENTALIS, Lin. 1263. D.p. 1065. Arg. t. 3. /. 3. Knorr. 1, t. 29. / [.Pen. t. 4. p. 145, t. 90. /. 154. Dow. t: 48.~-Mont. p. 494. Dor Cat. t. 22. /. W.Turt. D.p. 37. D.VULGARE, Da Cos. p. 24. t. 2 /. 10. Slender, tapering, a little curved, A opaque, glossy, smooth or marked with a few circular striae or obscure annulations ; white or yellowish white, with mostly a rufous tinge towards the smaller end. li. Common on sandy coasts. D. DENTALIS, Turt. D. p. 37 An Lin. et auctorum? Slender, tapering to a fine point, slightly curved, opaque, regularly and closely atriated the whole length, the striae about 30 or more, with often a few faint annu- lations at the larger end ; white or brownish, mostly rufous at the smaller end. W. coast, of ten found in the Gurnard. D. ALBUM. Turt. D. p. 256. awe? D. EBURNEUM. p. 37. A little tapering and slightly bent, semitrans- parent, ivory, white not glossy, often marked with obscure dark purple spots, disposed in longitudinal rows, with about 18 regular fine, raised, longitudinal ribs, and often a smaller intermediate one ; lower end not pointed with a roundish oval aperture. % W. coast, not rare; differs from the last in having the strice equally strong throughout and in tapering but slightly. D. OCTANGULATUM. Don. t. 162. An Lam. 5. ? An Desk. Mon. Dent, in Z. J. k.p. 181 STRIATULUM. Turt. D. p. 37. (not Gmel)D. STRIATUM. D. p. 1064. in part. Slender, tapering to a fine point, slightly curved, semi-transparent, with 8 longitudinal angular ribs, between each of which are 3 or 4 very obtuse longitudinal striae ; greyish white, pale rufous or green, with a white tip. If. Cornwall and Devon, very rare. D. LABIATUM. Turt. D. p. 38. Nearly cylindrical, very slightly tapering and curved, semi-transparent, ivory white, covered, when fresh, with a black glossy skin, most finely and minutely striated longitudinally ; open at the larger extremity, the smaller end truncated, with the flattened surface somewhat undulated in a radiate manner, and finely striated circularly, from the centre of which projects an oval transparent process or lip, terminating in an oval aperture one side of which is cloven half-way down. 1|. Torbay. Breadth at the open end, one fifth. D. LEVE. Turt. D. p. 256. and POLITUM. p. 38. Somewhat cylindrical, slightly tapering and a little curved, semi-transparent, quite smooth and finely po- lished, white, with generally some irregular grey circular bands which grow darker and more combined together towards the narrower extremity ; both ends open, the smaller very obtuse, not truncated, but rounded, with an oval perforation. I. Torbay, very rare, not unlike the last. Breadth at smaller end,^, at the larger, 0,20. D. SEMISTRIATUM. Turt. D. p. 39. /. 68. Very slender, tapering to a very fine point, glossy, transpa- rent, a little curved, open at both ends, quite smooth on A2 the upper part, marked below with numerous longitudi- nal striae which are very distinct at the point, but grow fainter towards the middle, and at length totally disap- pear ; clear white with a pale rufous tinge at the smaller end. 1,1. Breadth at larger end, 0,048. Dublin Bay. D. IMPERFORATUM. Walker, f. 15. Mont. p. 496. D. p. 1068. Adams t. 14. /. 8 Turt. D. p. 39. Lin. T. 8. p. 238 ORTHOCERA. T. P.p. 237. Slender, slightly curved, whitish, transversely striated, the larger end a little contracted at the margin, the smaller end closed and furnished with a small round protube- rance. $. Kent and Cornwall. D. CLAUSUM. Turt. D. p. 39. Slender, slightly tapering, nearly straight, semi-transparent, horn colored or yellowish white, irregularly striated longitudinally, open at the larger end, with the opposite end closed and obtuse. 1. at larger end ^. Calves Island, W. Ireland. D. GLABRUM. Mont. p. 497. Turt. D. p. 40. Lin. T. S.p. 239. D. MINUTUM. D. p. 1068. An Lin 1264 ? CAECUM. G. Flem, Edin. Ene. 7. p. 67. t. 204. /. 7. ORTHOCERA. G. F. p. 237. Cylindric, arcuated, smooth, glossy, white, perfectly smooth ; aperture orbicular,, the other end closed, rounded, sub- marginated. 0,0833... 0,0 167. Not uncommon at Biddeford Bay and Barnstaple, Devon. D. GADUS. Mont. p. 496 1. 14. /. l.Turt. D. p. 40. Lin. T. 8. p. 238. D. p. 1067. An D. COARC- TATUM. Desk in Z. I. 4. p. 193. Subpellucid, sub- arcuated, tapering to a small point, pervious, contracting a little towards the larger end, white, glossy, perfectly smooth, f. 0,0622. British Channel, not rare. D. TRACHEA. Mont. p. 427. t. 14, f. lO.Turt. D. p. 40. Lin. T. 8. p. 239. D. p. 1068. ORTHO- CERA. T. f. p. 237. Subcylindric, arcuated, ferrugin- ous brown becoming pale towards the smaller end, which is closed, truncated and furnished with a small round protuberance ; marked with regular transverse striae, or aimulations, aperture round, the margin not contracted. . 0, 1 25 Milton in Devonshire, rare, in sand. TRIBE. AMPHITRITEAISL'E. GENUS. PECTINARIA. Tube free, solitary, regular, conical, subcylindraceous, open at both extremities, membronaceous or papyra- ceous, covered externally with grains of sand or minute stones. P. BELGICA. Lam. I. SABELLA. B. Gmel 3749. S. GRANULATA ? Lin. 1268. Mont. p. 544. S. TUBIFORMIS. Pen 4. t. 92. /. 163. Don. t. 133. Simple, straight, gradually tapering, the grains of sand so flattened on the surface as to appear one uniform smooth level. Common on sandy shores, .abundant at Shellness,inKent. 2. . GENUS. SAEELLARIA. Tubes gregarious, forming one mass, resembling honey- combs on the upper surface, composed of sand, broken shell and small stones ; apertures cup- S. ALVEOLATA. Lam. 1. SABELLA A. Lin 1268. Mont. p. 540 Pen. t. 92. / 162. (Ellis Coral, t. 36.J Don. t. 139. With numerous tubes placed parallel to each other, contiguous but not interfering, apertures somewhat expanded. Common, Margate, near Tenby, near Wey mouth, fyc. GENUS. TEREBELLA. Tube solitary, elongated, cylindraceous, attenuated and pointed at its base , pervious only at the apex, composed of agglutinated sand or shells. T. CHRYSODON. SABELLA. C. Mont p. 546. An Lin. 1269. Mart. f. 29, 30. Tube free, cylindrical, about as large as a goose-quill, composed of sand, fragments of shell or small flat pieces of stone cemented on a tubular membrane which is smooth within : mouth furnished with numerous long fibres of the same texture. projecting in a subfunnel shape but generally somewhat compressed sideways. 4 to 6. Devonshire, Margate, fyc. not uncommon, buried in the sand between high and low water mark. T. CONCHILEGA. An Lam. 1 ? SABELLA. C. Pult. Dor. p. 54. Mont. p. 347. S. RUDIS, Pen. 4. t. 26. lower fig. AMPHITRITE OSTREARIA ? Cuvier. Tube membranceous, sparingly covered with shells, usually in large fragments, attached to old bivalves in flexuous or serpentine manner ; mouth not funnel- shaped nor fibrous. 3 or 4. Common, Margate^ fyc. T. LUMBRICALIS. SABELLA. L. Pult. Dorset, p. 53. --Mont. p. 549. Tube affixed in a serpentine manner upon stones, shells, &c., strong, composed of coarse sand, sometimes mixed with fragments of shells, firmly cemented together in a rough fashion. 2 or 3. J. Common, often entwined with Serpula Vermiculari* and Vermilia Triquetra. T. CIRRHATA. Gmel. 3112. SABELLA. C. Mont, p. 550. Tube free, thick, fragile, tapering a little, composed of sand mixed a little with clay, slightly agglutinated together, soft when moist, crumbly when dry. 6 or 7. ^. In a muddy bottom, in an inlet run- ning up near Kingsbridge, between high and low water mark. T. ARENARIA. SABELLA. A. Mont. p. 532. Tube extremely fragile, free, cylindrical, not tapering, com- posed of pure sand, slightly cemented together, without an internal membrane. Common on the Dorset coast, about the thickness of a Ravens quill. T. SUBCYLINDRICA. SABELLA. S.Mont.p. 552. Tube long, subcylindrical, slender, fragile, not attached, composed of fine sand and minute bits of broken shells, cemented together on a fine membrane, adhering by their flat sides. Diam. 0,10. Salcomb bar. T. SETIFORMIS SABELLA. S. Mont. p. 553. Tube free, long, slender, gradually tapering to half its diameter, composed of very fine fragments of shells and minute flat bits of stone, agglutinated together at their edges, lying on each other subimbricately, and standing oblique towards the larger end. 3 or 4. diaxn. double that of a hog's bristle. In sand, Salcomb Bar, Devon. T. CURTA. SABELI.A. C. Mont. p. 554. Tube upright, affixed at the base to the shingles, near which it is merely membraneceous and not covered as else- where, by sand and miuute bits of flat stones or uniform fine sand on a tough membrane ; diameter that of a crow quill, slightly tapering. 1. Closely gregarious in the inlet near Kingsbridge. T. COMPRESSA. SABELLA. C. Mont. p. 555. Tube short, broad, and extremely flat, composed of large 9 fragments of bivalves (chiefly Pectens) which are irregu- larly disposed, often imbricated, but invariably with the concave side outwards, which leaves a narrow perfora- tion. Torcross, Devonshire, in deep water. TRIBE. SERPULACE^E. Tube solid and calcareous. GENUS. SPIRORBIS. Tube testaceous, twisted into a spiral discoid orb ; lower surface fiat and affixed. S. NAUTILOIDES. Lam. 1. SERPULA SPIRORBIS. Lin. 1265. List. t. 553. /. 6. Mart. f. 21. A. B. Pen. 4. p. 145. t. 21. /. 155. Da. Cost. t. 2. /. \\.-Mont.p. 498. D! p. \Q73.-Turt. D. p. 149. Don. t. 9. Opaque, white, with three or four regular lateral whorls, rounded on the upper part and a little wrinkled; umbilicated in the centre; base flat, spread- ing. Variety. With the mouth erect and sometimes a whorl or two turning a little spirally upwards, $. Excessively common on lobsters, fyc. S. SPIRILLUM. Lam. 2. SERPULA. S. Lin. 1264. Turt.D.p.l50.Dor. Cat.t. 19. /. 27. D. p. 1072 Mont. p. 499. -Zz'w. T. S. p. 240. Reversed var. SINISTORSA. Mont. p. 504. Walk. f. 134. Glossy white, semi-transparent, orbicular, regular ; whorls two or three, slightly wrinkled, and mostly placed laterally, the A3 10 base not at all spread but quite cylindrical, with a central perforation, which sometimes goes quite through, mouth often turning a little upwards, ex- actly circular, riot thinner than the rest of the shell, but appearing as if regularly cut off, with the whorls rising one upon the other, li. on Fuci and Sertularice, Weymouth, fyc. S. GRANULATA. SERPTJLA. G. Lin. 1266. D. p. W74.Mont. p. 500. Don. t. IQO.Turt. D. p. 150. Lin. T. 8. p. 241. SER SULCATA. Lin. T. 3. p. 254. Opaque, white, with two volutions, deeply grooved longitudinally or in a spiral direction, and transversely wrinkled, especially in the furrows, aper- ture round, -g. Milton, fyc. tolerably common. S. HETEROSTROPHA. SERPULA. H. Mont. p. 502. Lin. T. 8. p. 242. D. p. 1075. Turt. D. p. 151. Strong, spiral, dull dirty white, with two or three reversed volutions placed laterally, furnished with lon- gitudinal ridges, one along the back, and another on each side, rough, wrinkled transversely ; base flat and somewhat spreading ; aperture orbicular and invariably placed opposite the suns apparent motion. 0,076. Not uncommon, Kingsbridge bay, fyc. S. CARINATA. SERPULA. C. Mont. p. 502. Lin. T. 8. p. 242. D.p. 1074.--7VY. D.p. 151. Dull, 11 opaque, white, spiral, outer whorl riding into a carina- ted ridge on the top, the middle concave and somewhat pervious, inner volutions inconspicuous, base a little spreading; aperture round. 0,0625. Salcomb Bay, on shells. S. CORRUGATA SERPULA. C. Mont. p. 502. Lin. t. 8. p. 242. D.p. \5\.Turt. D. p. 151. Strong, spiral, white, roughened by transverse wrinkles, a small portion only of the second volution visible ; centre umbilicated ; aperture orbicular. F. Not rare on slate rocks at Milton, stronger than Spirillum and never exposing so much of the interior volution. S. MINUTA. SERPULA. M. Mont p. 505. Turt. D. p. \5Q.-Lin. T. 8. p. 241. D. p. 1072. Very small, spiral, dirty white, with two or three lateral volu- tions, wrinkled transversely, sometimes with a slight longitudinal furrow on each side, forming a ridge or carina along the back. 0,02. Heteroclite and not easily distinguished from Heterostropha except by its size, rounded base and habits. On Corallina Offici- nalis. S. LUCIDA. SERPULA. L. Mont. p. 507. Lin. T. 8. p. 243. D. p. 1075. Turt. Die. SERF. REFLEXA. Adams in Lin. Tr. 5. p. 4. t. I./. 31. 2. Irregular, heterostrophe, pellucid, glossy, white, rlways more or less spiral, sometimes lateral, with two or three 12 whorls, sometimes the whorls turn upon each other, \vidi the aperture projecting upwards and not unfrequeritly the spires are unconnected. On Pertularice (especially Abrietina) W. and E. Coast. S. CORNEA. SERPULA C. Lin. Tr. 5. t. I./. 33, 4, 5, Regular, rounded, pellucid, brownish horn co- lored, with three whorls. A doubtful species. S. REVERSA. SERPULA R. Mont. p. 308. Turt. D. p. Subcylindrical reversed, rugose, white, much wrinkled transversely, more or less spiral and tapering, sometimes with three or four volutions pretty regularly placed laterally, (sometimes the smaller end is projecting and the larger end coiled, either laterally or upon each other and open in the middle.) Diam. i. Devonshire, on Pecten Opercularis. GENUS SERPULA. Tube solid, calcareous, irregularly twisted, grouped or solitary, sessile ; aperture terminal, rounded, very le. S. MULLERI. Berkely in Mag. Nat. 7. S. VERMI- CULARIS, Midler, Zool. Dan. 3. p. 9. t. 86. /. 7. to 9. Cylmdric, white, gradually tapering, generally termina- ting in a fine point and wrinkled transversely, attached throughout the whole surface : a double infundibuliform operculum. Common. 13 S. TUBULARIA. Mont, (not Tart.) V. p. 1083. Pen. p. 362. D. p. 1083. Johnston Mag. N. II. 7. p. \2$.Flem in Edinb. Ene. 7. p. 67. t. 204./. 9. S. ARUNDO. Turt. D. p. 155. Berkelyin Z. I. 3. p. 229. tab. .sup. 18. f. 2. An Mart. f. 15. .? Round, tapering, opaque, white, slightly wrinkled transyersely ; the smaller one affixed, subconvoluted irregularly, sometimes only flexuous, the larger part is detached frequently for half its length and ascends in a consider- able angle from the base, though rarely perpendicular ; the erect part is nearly straight or slightly flexuous, but always turning with the sun : aperture orbicular : no operciilum. 4 or 5 diam. at larger end, 0,20 Tor cross in Devon, Falmouth. S. FILOGRANA. Lin. 1265. Lam. 12. Plane. Conch. App. 1. 19./. A. B.SEBA. 3. p. 10. /. 8. and 19.. S. COMPLEXA, Turt. D. p. 153. With extremely close-set, confused by intermingled ramose hair-like tubes ; white, the tube scarcely if at all tapering, rarely if ever affixed to other substances, almost always form- ing masses by itself. Rare, Devon. S.VERMICULARIS. Lin. Lam. (not var b) TUBUS VERMICULARIS, Ellis Corallines, t. 38. / 2. S. TU- BULARIA. Turt. f. 84. p. 154. S. TRIQUETRA. Mont. p. 50., not Mont., Sup. p. 157. Strong, 14 sesile, opaque, dirty white or tinged with red, irregularly twisted and contorted, sometimes nearly straight or but slightly flexuous, roughened with transverse wrinkles usually more or less carinated and often with a smaller ridge on each side of the dorsal one : operculnm cor- neous and striated. On old shells, fyc. not uncommon. VERMILIA. Testaceous, cijlindraceous, laterally affixed, insensibly attenuated towards the posterior end, more or less twisted ; aperture orbicular, usually armed with from one to three teeth. V. TRiQUETRA,Zaw. 2. SERPULA. T.Lin. 1265. (not Born) Mont. Sup. p. \57.-Turt. D. p. 152. Sow.G.D.p. [Q7S.Sow. Brit.Mise.t.3}. (good) Flexuous, fixed throughout its entire length, clear white, (rarely pink) the base more or less flattened and spreading, and the dorsal portion with a very dis- tinct sharp simple keel, thus rendered triangular, smooth. 2. 0,167. Extremely common on Oyster Shells, tyc. V. SCABRA. Lam. 7. Affixed, serpentine, slender, about five minute denticulated dorsal keels. Cornwall. CLASS CIRRHIPEDA. Shell either sesibJe or tfawtted on a flexible tendinous- l/i pedicle; valves sometimes moveable and distant, sometimes soldered together, lined internally by the mantle. ORDER SESSILIA. Affixed and not pedunculated : aperture superior and anterior. GENUS CORONULA. Sessile, suborbicular, seemingly one entire piece, conoid or refuse conical, truncated at the extremities; substance thick, hollowed interiorly by radiating cells : operculum with four obtuse valves. C. DIADEMA. Lam. \.-Bl. t. 86./. 4- LEPAS D. Lin.Ch.f. 843. List. t. 46. f. 288. Born, t. I. y. 5. 6. Wood, G. C. t. 4. Da. Cos. t. 7. f. 2. Don.t.6Q. f. 1. 2.Turt.D.p.75.D.p.24.~~ BALANUS. D. Mont. p. 13. Brug. p. 171. Sub- compressed, hemispheric, dirty white, with twelve com- partments, six depressed, flat, and striated transversely, the others, which are alternate, are prominent with lour five or six elevated longitudinal ridges and transverse striae ; at the top is a deep cavity, funnel shaped, hex- agonal within, at the bottom of which is the aperture, the ribs are also furnished with divisions or cells in a radiated manner and lined with a coriaceous membrane. Diam. 2 to 3. Rare, except in Scotland and its isles* 16 GENUS BALANUS. Conical or elongated-conical, composed of six unequal pieces or valves, closed at the sides upon a more or less firm testaceous fiat base : shell open at the top, operculum of four moveable valves. B. COMMUNIS. Pultney. Mont. p. 6. Dor. Cat. t 2./. 12. LEPAS BALANUS, Lin. 1107. D. p. 14. Pen. 4. p. 72. t. 37. f. 4. Don. t. 30. /. 1. Turt. D. p. 77. Ch. f. 820. Born. t. 1. /. 4. B. SULCATUS. Lam. 2. Brug. p. 1. 63. Strong, rug- ged, cinereous-brown, compartments unequal and frequently indistinct, composed of irregular and lon- gitudinal striae or ridges ; conical, detached shells often perfectly round at the base and sloping upwards; aperture not large in proportion : operculum of four valves, transversely striated, with a longitudinal furrow on the two longest. Diam t at base, 1. I. Not uncommon but local. B. VULGARIS. Da. Cos. p. 248. t. 17. /. 7. List. t. 444. /. 87. List. Ang. 5. /. 41. LEPAS BALANOIDES. Lin ?D. p. 16. Turt. D. p. 77. Wood G. C. p. 44. t. 7. f. 3. Pen. 4. t. S7./ 5. Don.t. 36. /. 2. Mont. p. 7. List. t. 444. /. 287. Ch. f. 826. B. BALANOIDES. Brug. p. 166. An B. OVULARIS ? var. Lam. 8? Subconical, some- times much depressed, valves divided by a deep longi- 17 tudinal furrow, smooth, white, frequently deeply- grooved at the base, posterior compartments the largest ; aperture proportionately larger than in the last ; oper- culum of four valves, the two upper slightly striated transversely, the others smooth. Diam. up to i. Common every where. * B. RUGOSUS. Mont, (not Lam. 23.) p. 8.Ch.f. 824 ?Dor. Cat. p. 25. t. 2. f. 10. LEPAS R. D. p. 17. Lin. T. 8.^.25. t. l.f. 5. Turt. f. D. p. 76. An L. BOREALIS. Don. 5. t. 160.? An B. Ovu- LARIS, Lam. 8 ? Suhcylindrical, usually divided into six compartments by furrows which become broad to- wards the top, where the shell spreads into angulated points and is often as wide as at the base ; valves irregular the post ones broader, sometimes wrinkled or striated * B. TINTINNABULUM. Da Cos. p. 250. Brug. p. 165. Lam.3. Mont. p. 10. LEPAS T. Lin. 13. D p. 22 Turt. D. p. 75. fyc. fyc has no just claim to be considered a native species, being only taken from the bottom of ships arriving from wanner climates. * LEPAS RADIATUS. Turt. D. Wood. G. C. t. l.f. 7. cannot be considered either native or natu- ralized, having only been found on the bottom of a ship. 18 longitudinally, often smoother ; aperture large, inner margin ridged transversely; operculum quadrivalve, not striated, angulated, erect. Dorset, fyc. Diam. 0,40. B. SCOTICUS. LEPAS S. Wood. G. C. t. 6./. 3. p. 10. Turt. D. p. 76. Conical, with six valves, dirty white ; valves longitudinally ribhed, unequal, striated transversely at the base. t.. 1. Scotland on My- tilus modiolus, Lin. This brief description is all that is given by Mr. Wood, saving that he farther states that the operculum resembles that of Tintinnabulum, I regard it as of rather doubtful distinctness. B. PUNCTATUS. Dor. Cat. p. 25. t. 1. /. 10. (not Lam: nor Brug.) Mont. p. 8. t. 1. f. 5. LEFAS P. Wood. G. C.p. 46. D.p. 15. A. Turt. D. p. 78. An L. CORNUBIENSIS: Pen. 4. p. 73. t. 37. /. 6. ? An B. CRENATUS ? Brug. p. 168. Very rugged, brown, valves indistinct, usually punctured, base spreading but little and scarcely broader than high ; anterior valve always provided with two connecting shoulders ; operculum of four valves, the upper one with a few longitudinal ridges, (the edges of the superior and anterior valves generally closely united at the top, indented or notched, punctated and interlocking. S. Devon, common on Patella Vulgata. B. COSTATUS: Mont. p. 1 1. LEPAS C. Don. t. 30. 19 / 2.Turt. D. p. 78. Lin: T. 8. p. 24: Wood. G: C: p. 46. D. p. 18. White, somewhat conical, nearly closed at the top and rather spreading at the base; with numerous, nearly equidistant, strong, rounded ribs, radiating from the top to the base. i. W. Coast of England, Wales, and Ireland. B. CLAVATUS, Ellis Zoop. p. 198. t. 15. /. 7. 8. Mont. p. 10. Dor: Cat. p. 25: t. I./. 6. B. FISTU- LOSUS. Erug.p: 166. LEPAS. C. Wood. G. C. p. 45. t. 7. f. 2. L. ELONGATUS. Ch. f. 838. D. p. 17. Turt.D.p. 77. L. BALANOIDES. var. Pen. 4. ^?. 73. t. 37. /. 6 A. Don. *. 36./. 1. Elongated-clavate, broader at the top than at the base ; dirty white ; valves three wide and three narrow, wrinkled Jongitudinally and faintly striated transversely : operculum quadri- valve, obliquely striated. 2. f. Sandwich, Weymouth. Not improbably an elongated variety of RUGOSUS. B: CONOIDES. Mont. p. 12. LEPAS C.Don, t. 30. /. 3. Lin'.T.&.p. 24.Turt. D. p: 77. Wood. G. C.p. W.D.p. 18. An B. L^vis. Brug ? C oni- cal, with smooth valves, pointed at the apex : aperture very small. Diam. f. On Anatifa Lcevis. Donovans figure is purplish white, and whether from the style of engraving or not, appears reticulated by longitudinal and fine transverse striae. B. ALCYONII. LEPAS A. Turt. D. p. 76. Some- what conic, white or brownish white, with six very unequal and irregularly sized valves which terminate in rather acute points; aperture large, oval or roundish, lid of four valves, the two uppermost smooth, pointed, gaping a little at top and protuding in the middle into a kind of keel. Diameter and height \. On Alccy- onium and Flustra, Weymouth. GENUS ACASTA. Sessile, oval, subconical, composed of separable pieces, valves six, laterally united, unequal ; the basis an orbicular, internally concave, testaceous lamella; operculum quadrivalve. A. MONTAGUI. Leach. Cirrhip. Lam. 1. BALA- NUS SPONGEOSUS. Mont. Sup. p. 2. t. 7.f. 4, 5, 6. Bl.t.SS.f. 3. Dor. Cat. p. 25. LEPAS S. Turt. D.p. 78. D. p. 27. Wood. G. C. p. 47. Livid brown with a purple tinge towards the summit ; valves six, wrinkled, sharply pointed, the three anterior the broader and shorter; operculum quadrivalve, the two anterior pieces rough with decussated striae, the two posterior longer and a little hooked forwards. 3. Portland Reach) in sponge, rare. GENUS PYRGOMA. Sessile, univalve, subalobular, ventricose, convex alove, 21 perforated at the apex ; aperture small, elliptical. Operculum bivalve. P. ANGLICUM. Sow. G.f. 7. Reeve t. 10. /. 7. ADNA A/ Leach. An P. SULCATUM ? Philippi.p. 252. t. 12./. 24. Not uncommon in Devonshire, very small. GENUS CREUSIA. Sessile, fixed, orbicular, convex, conical, quadrivalve ; valves unequal, united, distinguished by their sutures : operculum internal, bivalve. C. VERRUCA. Lam. 3. LEPAS V. Ch. f. 834- Turt. D. p. 79.Gmel. 3212. Wood G. C. p. 57. t. 9./. 5. L. STROMIA. Muller,Zool, Dan.3. t. 94. /. 1. D.p. 19. OCHTHOSIA S. Philippi.p. 251. Bl. t. 85./. 4. STRIATA. Pen. 4. p. 73. t. 37. f. 7. BALANUS S. Da. Cos. p. 250. Mont. p. 12. L. INTERTEXTA. Don. t. 36. /. 1. CLITEA V. Sow. G.f. 2. Reeve, t. S. f. 2. Compressed, white, the valves strongly ribbed obliquely to each other and finely striated across the ribs, the margin of the base irre- gularly serrated : aperture oblique, perfectly closed by an operculum, and so obscure that it is difficult to find, except when alive. . Not uncommon. Kent, Devon, Dorset. ORDER PEDUNCULATA. Body supported by a tubular coriaceous flexible peduncle 22 whose base is affixed to marine substances. Mouth almost inferior. GENUS ANATIFA. Compressed at the sides, composed of five valves, which are contiguous and unequal, the lower lateral ones being the larger. A. L^vis. Lam. 1. Philippi. p. 252. Bmg. p. 62. LEPAS ANATIFERA. Lin. 1109. D. p. 32. Ch.f. 852. Don. t. 7. Dor. Cat. p. 26. t. 2. /. 3. Mont. p. 15. Wood. G. C. t. \\.-Knorr. 2. t. 30. /. 4. 6.Turt. D. p. 71. PENTELASMIS A. Leach. Reeve, t. 12. P. LJEVIS. Bl. t. 84. /. 3. Compressed, polished, and bluish white ; the two lower valves large and somewhat triangular, longitudinally wrinkled and obsoletely striated radiatingly from the lower anterior angle : the two upper valves angulated on each side, top rounded, (these likewise are nearly smooth) ; dorsal valve long, slender, rounded, smooth down the middle and sulcated on each side ; membrane and peduncle usually reddish. Length of shelly part, 1&...1. On ship's timber, common. A. STRIATA. Lam. 4. Philippi. p. 252. Brug. p. 64. LEPAS ANSERIFERA ? Lin. 1109. D.p. 31. List. t. 440. /. 283. Ch. f. 856. Don. t. 162. /. 2. Mont. p. \7.-Turt. D.p. 72. Much resem- 23 bling the last species but is strongly striated radiatingly, the lower valve from the lower anterior angle and the superior one from the upper posterior angle, these are crost by fine stride; the angles of the valves are much more sharp and pointed and particularly the apex; the dorsal valve is compressed at the sides and brought to a fine carinated edge; bluish white; membrane and peduncle orange red. Drifted wood, Devon, rare, 1. If. A. SULCATA. LEPAS S. Mont. p. M.t. I./. 6. Lin. T. 8. p. 29. Dor. Cat. p. 26.Turt. D.p. 72. Wood. G. C.p. 68. t. 12. /. I. D.p. 31. Com- pressed, subtriangular, dirty yellowish white, shorter than the last; lower valves with fifteen strong ribs diverging from the lower anterior angle, that which runs along the front is larger than the rest and forms a mar- gin, the two superior valves form a pointed apex and narrow downwards to a point ; furnished with seven or eight ribs, with smaller intermediate ones diverging from the posterior margin; dorsal valve somewhat compressed, with a smooth subcarinated edge ; pedicle short and dusky. -^. i. Dorset, rare. A. FASCICTJLARIS. LEPAS F. Ellis, Zoop, t. 16. f. 6. Mont. p. 557. and Sup. p. 5. and p. 163. Lin. T. 8. p. 30.Turt. D .p. 72. Wood. G. C.p. 62. t. 10. / 4. D.p. 31. LEPAS DILATATA. Don. t. 104. A. VITREA. Lam. 5. Compressed, with five 24 valves whieh are either smooth or nearly so, very thin and light, horn-colored, the two upper valves ending in a point above the dorsal and somewhat bending back at the apices ; dorsal valve dilated at the base and forming a prominent acute angle, terminating the carinated upper portion : pedicle generally very short. 1 . Rare, Devon, near Milton. GENUS POLLICIPES. Shell consisting of Jive principal elongated trapezi form pieces, surrounded with a number of smaller ones similarly shaped, all sharp pointed at the apex and forming together an irregular laterally compressed cone, supported on a thick scaly coria- ceous peduncle. P. SCALPELLUM. Lam. LEPAS S. Lin. 1109. Gualt. 1. 106. /. C. ? Muller. Zool. D. 3. t. 94. / 1,2. J^. t. 166./. 7. Dor. Cat. p. 26. t. 2. /. 8. Don. t. 166./. l.Turt. D.p. 74. D. p. 30. Mont. p. 18. t. 1. /. 3. Wood. G. f. p. 61. t. 10. /. 3. SCALPELLUM VuLGARE. Leach. Reeve, t. 13. Much compressed, the sides nearly parallel to each other for about half the length from the base, light brown, dull, rather rough, without any striae, faintly wrinkled in some parts and covered with short hairs; 25 valves thirteen, those on the dorsal valve in transverse rows, the three lower valves on each side to which the peduncle is fixed, are very small, the two next larger, the superior one the larges;, running a little oblique to the rest, and is pointed at the top ; the dorsal valve is compressed, the edge rounded at the base, and run- ning into a sharp process about half-way up, from whence it turns in a diagonal line to cover the edge of the two superior valves : the upper part truncated ob- liquely to the front. Sandwich and Plymouth, rare. P. CORNUCOPIA. Leach. Lam. 1. Reeve, t. 14. /. 1. PENTALEPAS P. Bl. t. 84. /. 3. LEPAS. POL- LICIPES. Gmel. 3213. Ch.f. 851. Z.Arg. t. 26. /. D.Wood. G. C.p. 60. t. 10, /. 2. Knorr. 5. t. 13./. l.D.p. 29. Mont. Sup. p. 6. t. 28. / 5. TurtD.p.74. Compressed, erect, solid, eight prin- cipal smooth convex white valves, besides numerous irregular small ones environing the base : four larger valves obtusely pointed above ; membrane dark ; pedi- cle coriaceous, bluish asVcolored and shagreened. 0,80. without the pedicle. Rather doubtful, very rare. GENUS CINE HAS. Body pedunculate, entirely enveloped in a thick mem- branaceous integument, with a large anterior opening 26 at the top for the passage of the cirrhi. To this club-shaped integument are attached five small narrow distant testaceous valves two situated at the sides of the aperture, one dorsal, the rest terminal. C. VITTATA. Leach. Lam. 1. Reeve, t. 15. LEPAS V. Wood. G. C. p. 69. t. 12. /. 2. 3. D.p. 33. LEPAS MEMBRANACEA. Lin; T. 11. t. 12. /. 2. Turt. D.p. 73. Wood. G. C. p. 20. Somewhat oblong, gradually sloping into the stalk, obliquely trun- cate at top, fleshy, flattish, with five small white linear testaceous valves, the two upper rather oblique, the two lower with a strong hook-like process in the middle of each projecting inwardly aud curving a little upwards to the point; the back valve gibbous in the middle, extending above to the termination of the upper pair, where they meet and form a projecting angle and reach- ing below nearly to the commencement of the stalk which is as long as the body ; pale blue with three broad dark blue stripes on each side. !.... Smaller variety. Uniform daik horn-colored, the stalk not sloping. Poole and Devon, on planks of wrecked vessels. GENUS OTION. Pedunculated, entirely enveloped in a membranaceous integument, which is ventricose above and sur- mounted by two horn-like truncated tubes turning 27 backwards and open at their extremity. Rather a large lateral aperture. Several articulated ciliated cirrhi ; testaceous valves very small, five, separate, two semilunate at the sides of the aperture, one ex- ceedingly minute dorsal and others equally minute terminal. O. BLA.INVII.LII. Leach. Lam2.AnO. CUVIERI Reeve, t. 16..? LEPAS CORNUTA. Lin. T. 11. t. 12. /. 1. Turt. D. p. 73. Stalk longer than the body, enlarging towards the base ; white regularly marked or clouded with three purplish brown broken longitudinal lines on each side, which partially extend down the stalk. Length, 2. of tubular protuberances, f. On wood from wrecks, Devon, Poole. CLASS CONCHIFEIU. Shell, with two valves, sometimes but rarely furnished with differently shaped accessorial ones. ORDER DYMYARIA. With at least two internal muscular scars. FAMILY TUBICOLARIA, LAM. Enclosed in or attached to a shelly tube. GENUS TEREDO, LIN. Valves equal, largely open above and below, placed at the larger extremity of a tube open at both ends. B 2. 28 T. NAVALIS. Lin. 1267. Dil. p. 1089. Pew. 4. p. 147. Mont. 527.- T. Biv. 14. t. 2.f. 1, 2,3. F. p. 454. Z.549. S. PYGMJEUS, 3f> Lam. 6. Pellucid, fragile, rounded at both ends, hinge margin nearly straight, the ventral slightly curved : a single tooth in one valve and two in the other, besides contiguous lateral processes. ^...1. Sandy Lays. S. LEGUMEN. Lin. 1114. D. p. 61. Lam. 11. Ck.f. 32,3, 4 Don. t. 53. Pen. 4. p. 84. t. 46. /. 24. Mont. p. 50. f\ ^, 459. PSAMMOBIA. L. Twr. -B.^3. 90. Linear, rounded at both ends, hinge margin nearly straight, ventral edge slightly curved sx) as to render the posterior end the narrower ; smooth, yellowish, thin, pellucid, with fine lines of growth ; hinge strengthened by an oblique internal rib, a single tooth in one valve and two in the other, besides lateral teeth which are simple in one valve and winged at the other. |... 4. Ireland and Wales, common. S. COARCIATUS. Gmel. 3227. D. p. 64. Lam. 17. Ch. f. 45. S. ANTiQUATUs.iam. 15. Mont. p. 52. PSAMMOBIA. A. Turt. B. p. $\.F. 460. &. CULTELLUS. Pen. 4. t. 46. f. 25. S. CENTRALIS. Say. (fide Jay) . Oblong, rounded at the extremities, hinge margin slightly convex, ventral rather concave ; white, subpcllucid, merely striated by the lines of growth, which are more conspicuous at the extremities; 37 hinge central, with a single tooth in one valve (some- times a second rudimentary one) and two in the other, behind which the margin is callous. 1...2. Rare. S. DECLIVIS. Turt. Con. Die. p. 164. t. 22. /. 80. F. p. 460. List. t. 321. Oblong, rounded at the extremities, dorsal margin slightly convex, ventral straight; thin, semi-transparent, with a dark brown cuticle, irregularly and concentrically striated, beaks subcentral; sloping gradually to the extremities; slightly indented before the beaks; teeth strong, two in each valve, one of them concave and in one valve one is oblique, behind which the margin is callous. I...2. Stilly Isles. S, FRAGILIS. Pult. Dor. p. 28. Mont. p. 51. P.p. 460. PSAMMOBIA TffiNIATA. Turt. B.p. 85. Oblong, rounded at the extremities, a little contracted in the middle, dorsal and ventral edges subparallel, thin, transparent, smooth, with a greenish cuticle, some- times marked with a longitudinal reddish stripe from the hinge towards the ventral margin; beaks subcentral; in one valve two erect teeth, one of which is pointed the other with one subulate tooth: an internal longitudinal rib. ...0,95. 38 S. OANDIDTJS REMERI. S. STRIGIIATUS. Turton. B.p. 97. t. 6./. 13. Mart. f. 43. F. p. 439. Elongated oblong, breadth twice and a half the length, ends rounded, uniform white, marked with coarse ridges of growth, and anteriorly with curved radiating strigils ; beaks subcentral, anterior slope with divaricating stria? ; ventral edge straightish, subiricurved in the middle; an oblique and erect tooth in each valve (in one valve the former rudimentary) nymphsc distinct. 0,80... 1,6. Cornwall. S. SCOPULA. PSAM. SCOPULA. Turt. B. p. 98. t. 6./. 11,2. F. p. 439. Kidney-shaped, subequila- teral, oblong, glossy white, ventral edge strongly incur- ved in the middle, striated in two directions anteriorly (oblique striae not more than 20.) : all the teeth erect. I...I. Exmouth. GENUS. PANOPEA. Eguivalve ,transverse, unequally gaping at the ridges, a conical cardinal tooth in each valve, and on one side a short ascending compressed, not exserted callus. Ligament external, fixed on the callosities. P. ARCTICA. Deshayes. GLYCIMERIS. A. Lam. 2. PGHLYCIMERIS. Bean in Mag. N. H. 8. /. 51. p. 563. White under a yellowish wrinkled epidermis, 39 very thick, oval, inequilateral, gaping at both ends, coarsely wrinkled transversely ; beaks subcentral, from which two longitudinal ridges cross the shell like the letter V. ; posteriorly a little rounded, anteriorly ob- liquely rounded, the edge incurved: a single conic tooth and two muscular impressions in each valve. 2... 3,5. Scarborough) rare. Much shorter in breadth than the My a Glycimeris of'Linneus, having rather the outline of My a Truncata. TRIBE. MYARIA. Having a broad spoon-like tooth in each valve or in one only : gaping at one or both extremities. GENUS. MY A. Transverse) gaping at both extremities) with one large dilated projecting and nearly vertical cardinal tooth in the left valve and with a hollow in the opposite valve ; ligament internal, short, thick, and inserted in the hollow of the primary tooth on the one side, and in the pit of the other valve. * The real PANOPEA GLYCIMERIS. (Mya. G. of Lin. Don. t. 142. P. ALDROVANDI, Lam. is still too doubtful a native to be at present inserted in our Catalogue. 40 M. TRXJNCATA. Lin 1111. D. p. 42. Lam. 1. Ch. f. 1, 2. Don. t. 92. Pen. t. 41. f. 14. Mont. p. 32. Turt. B. p. cl.F. p. 463. Ovate, ventricose, truncated anteriorly, rounded posteriorly, ventral edge nearly straight ; dull white under a tough yellowish wrinkled cuticle, marked with coarse striae of growth: tooth rounded obtuse entire and projecting forwards. 2... 2,5. Common in chalk. M. ARENAIUA. Lin. 1112. D.p. 42. Lam. 2. Ch.f. 3,4. Don. t. 85. Pen. p. 79. t. 42. F. p. 463. Mont. p. 30. Turt. B.p.32. M. AcuTAand MERCENARIA. Say. Ovate, rounded at both extremi- ties but slightly attenuated and produced anteriorly, convex, thick, dull white under a wrinkled brown epi- dermis; inside glossy white; hinge composed of a rounded projecting tooth and a smaller acute one by its side. 3... 5,5. Common. M. NVREGICA. Turt. Lin. t. 4. p. 178. M.STRI- ATA. Mont. Lin. T. 11. p. 188. t. 13. / 1. LYONSIA S. Turt. B. p. 35. t. 3./. 6, l.F.p. 463. Oblong, thin, equivalve, semi-transparent, pearly white under a brownish epidermis, rounded at one end, waved and truncated at the other; tooth not fixed. ...!. Rare. 41 M. DECUSSATA. Mont. Sup. p. 20. F. p. 463. Ovate, waved at the margin, white with irregular con- centric ridges decussated by regular concentric striae ; umbo obtuse recurved and not central ; a broad erect tooth in one valve, in the other a projecting plate with a small indenture for the reception of the tooth of the opposite valve, i. Rare. GENUS. ANATINA. Transverse, subequivalve, gaping at both valves or in one only ; no cardinal teeth, one broad primary tooth in both valves projecting interiorly : a lateral plate running obliquely under the primary teeth. * Teeth transversely fixed. A. CONVEXA. Turton. B. p. 44. t: 4. /. 1, 2. MYA. C. Wood. G. C. p, 92. t. 18. /. l.Turt. C. D.p. 100. AMPHIDESMA C. F. p. 431. MYA. DECLIVIS. Don. t. 82. Oval-oblong, angular and slightly truncated anteriorly, rounded posteriorly, very convex, light and brittle, rusty white, with irregular concentric striae ; beaks close and and subcentral ; teeth narrow and very central. l....2i. Paignton. A. PUBESCENS. Turt. B. p. 45. t. 4./. 3. AMPHI- DESMA. P. F. p. 431. -MYA. P. Mont. p. 40. Turt. C. D.p. 99. /. 35. M. DECLIVIVIS. Lin. T. 42 8.^>. 36. Dor. Cat. p. 27. t. 4. /. 6. Wood. G. C. p. 93. t. 18. /. 3. A. MYALIS. Lam. 9. THRACIA. P. Kiener t. 2.f. 2. Oblong, depressed, angular and truncate anteriorly,rough, striated transversely, brownish white ; beaks nearly central, the points crossing each other at the tips ; teeth projecting and running obliquely to the anterior side with a cavity or notch behind and small erect denticle inside, with an oblique rib from the tooth towards the truncated end. Torbay and Ply- mouth. 2i...3i. A.TRUNCATA. Turt. B.p.W. t. 4./. 6. AMPHI- DESMA. T. F. p. 431. Convex, wedge-shaped, poste- riorly very short and obliquely subtruncated, anteriorly attenuated and truncated ; rough, striated transversely, dirty white; teeth projecting a little inwards but run- ning obliquely (thus distinguished from Distorta,) front margin forming nearly a straight line, i....|. In rocks, Torbay. * * Teeth projecting horizontally inwards. A. DECLIVIS. Turt. B. p. 47. MYA. D. Mont. t. I./. 2. AMPHIDESMA. D. F. p. 432. Oval-oblong, slightly compressed, angular truncated and open an- teriorly, white, minutely shagreened, posteriorly broad and rounded. 1....H. Torbay. Distinguished from 43 Pubescens by the large oval projecting teeth, which extend forwards and have no lateral attachment. A. PRETENUIS. Turt. B. p. 48. t. 4. /. 4. MYA. P.Pen. .p. 160. t. 50. f. 1. Mont. p. 41. Lin. t. 8. p. 37. Don. t. US Wood. G. C. p. 94. t. 24. /. 7, 8, 9. Dor. C. t. 4. f. 7. Turt. C. D. p. 101. AMPHIDESMA. P. F. p. 432. Oval, flat, narrower rounded and open anteriorly, posteriorly slightly shorter and rounded, rough, white ; teeth oval and pro- jecting. 1. ..li. Torbay. Distinguished from Declvisi by the rounded anterior extremity. A. DISTORTA. Turt. B. p. 48. t. 4. /. 5. MYA. D. Mont. p. 42. t. I./. \.-Pen. 4. p. 161. Lin. T. S.p.[37.TTood. G. C.p. 98. D. p. 45. Turt. C. D.p. 101. AMPHIDESMA. D. F. p. 432. Convex, variously shaped, nearly closed, the margin generally indented and the teeth rounded and projecting inwards. 1. Torbay. A. ARCTICA. Turt. B. p. 49. t. 4. /. 7, 8, MYA. ARCTICA. Lin. 1113? Oblong, convex, posteriorly truncated, anteriorly with two transverse ridges, one along the hack margin, the other running obliquely to the angle of the front margin ; beaks terminal, posterior, 44 prominent ; teeth rounded and projecting inwards. |. .fi Dublin Say. TRIBE. MACTRACEA. Equivalve, frequently gaping at the lateral extremities, with the ligament internal or partly external . GENUS. LUTRARIA. Inequilateral, transversely oblong, or rounded, gaping at the extremities ; hinge with either a somewhat complicated tooth, or two, one of which is simple with an adjoining deltoid hollow which is oblique and prominent within ; no lateral teeth; ligament internal, attached in a pit. L. OBLONGA. Turt. B. p. 64. t. 5./.G. - MYA. 0. Gm.322l' Ch.f. 12. MACTRA HiANs.Dora. t. 140. Mont. p. \Q\.Pen. 4. p. 196. Lin. T. 8. p. 74. Dor. Cat. p. 33. t. 2. f. 4. D. p. U6-Turt. D.p.Sd.f. 41. Da. Cos. t. 17. f. 4. L. SOLEN- OIDES. Lam. 1. Bl. t. 77. /. 3. Sow. G. f. 1. L. HIANS. F. p. 464. Oblong, posteriorly short and rounded, anteriorly produced and obtuse, margins subparallel, the dorsal slightly incurved ; yellowish or reddish white under a thick dusky epidermis, irregularly wrinkled transversely : hinge with a grooved flattish tooth locking between two. 2i...5. W. Counties. 4-5 L. ELI.IPTICA. Lam. 2. Turt. B.p. 65. MACTRA LUTRARIA. Lin. 1126. D.p. 146. Cft. /. 240,1. List. t. 415, /. 259. Don. 2. t. 58. Pen. 4. p. 195. *. 65. / 3. Mm. p. 100. Lin. T. 6. *. 16. / 3, 4. Dor. Cat. p. 32. . 5./. II. Turt C. D.p. 84. L. VULGARIS. I' 1 , p. 464. Oblong, subequi valve, marked only by the lines of growth and remote obsolete ridges, longer anteriorly, rounded and slightly gaping at both ends, yellowish white under a thin close cuticle. 2...3i. In sand, about low water mark. L. COMPRESSA. Lam. 4. andL. PIPERATA. Lam. 5. MACTRA. P. Gmel. 3261. LISTERA. C. Turt. B. p. 51. t. 5./. 1, 2. D.p. 142. Ch. f. 21. E. M. t. 257. /. 4. MACT. COMPRESSA. Mon. p. 96. TELLINA PLANA. Don. t. 64. /. 1. Da. C. p. 200. t. 13. /. l.Bl. t. 77. /. 2. Rounded-triangular, thin, compressed, yellowish white, finely but irregularly striated transversely, semi-pellucid; beaks very small and central ; a distinct lozenge edged with a raised line ; a single tooth in one valve locking into a bifid in the other, no lateral teeth. !...!}. Muddy shores. GENUS. MACTRA. Transverse, inequilateral, subtriffonal, sides slightly gapiny; beaks prominent ; one primary compressed 46 tooth in each valve, and an adjacent heart-shaped cavity, two lateral compressed teeth situated near the hinge and inserted; ligament internal and placed in the pit of the hinge. * Lateral teeth striated. M. SOLIDA. Lin. 1126. D. p. 140. Lam. 23. Pen. 4. p. 123. t: 66. f. 2.Ch. f. 229, 230. Don. t. 61. Mont. p. 92. Lin. T. 8. p. 70. Dor. Cat. p. 32. t. 6. /. 6. Turt. C. D. p. 81. Da. Cos. t. 14. f. 6. Sub-triangular, strong, opaque, sub-equilateral, slightly depressed from the beaks at both extremities, nearly smooth, with a few concentric antiquated ridges, dull dirty white; inside glossy and white. H...l|. Common. M: TRUVCATA. Mont. Sup. p. 34. Turt B. p. 68. F.p. 427. M. SUBTRUNCATA. Don. t. 126. M. CRASSATELLA. Lam. 33. Triangular, equilateral, solid, depressed from the beaks at both extremities, so that the sides almost form a rectangle at the prominent beaks; convex, solid, opaque, dull yellowish white, sub-angulated anteriorly, irregularly striated by the lines of growth : umbones large and prominent, slopes striated . H . . . H . Teignmouth and Scotland. 47 M. SUBTRUNCATA. Mont.p 93. and Sup. p. 34. t. 27.y. \. Lin. t. S.p. 71. t. 1. / 11. P^. 4. . 55. /. 1. Dor. Ca. jj. 38. *. 5. /. 10. D. p. 141. Turt. B. p. 70. Turt. C. D. p. 82. P.p. 427. Oval-triangular, inequilateral, convex, not thick, yel- lowish horn colour, regularly striated transversely, one side truncated, the other produced in a straight line to a rather acute point ; beaks not central, tumid and pro- minent, without curvature. 0,60... 0,80 Common. * * Lateral teeth smooth. M. STULTORUM. Lin. 1126. D. p. 138. Pen. 4. p. 193. t. 52. /. I. Mont. p. 94. Don. t. 106. Turt B. p. 72. Dor. Cat. t. 8. /. 3. p. 32. D. p. i3S.Turt. C. D. p. 81. P.p. 427. Da. Cos. p. 196. t 12. f. 3.E. M. t. 256. f. 3. Sub-triangular, transparent, convex equilateral, slightly striated con- centrically, drab-colour with narrow pale rays; the striae are rough at the anterior angle, from which to the beak the depression has an obtuse mesial prominence, the depression at the opposite extremity is less distinct, and the mesial more prominent and compressed : beaks and inside purplish. 2...2i. Common. M. CINEREA. Mont. Sup. p. 26. Turt. B. p. 73. F. p. 428. Sub-triangular, narrower than the last, transparent, convex, sub-equilateral, truncated at the 48 sides, pule brown with a few very obscure white rays ; beaks prominent, incurved, from which there is a de- pression to both extremities : inside pale with a tinge of blush. l...2. Weymouth.fyc. M. GLAUCA. Gmel. 3260. D.p. 144. P.p. 428. Mont. p. 571. Don. 4. t. 125. Pen. 4. p. 192. Lin. T. 8. p. 6S.Turt. B. p. 74. M. HELVACEA. Lam. 5.Ch.f. 232. M. NEAPOLITANA.PO&. t. 18. f. 1, 2, 3. Oval, flattish, inequilateral, faint irregular glaucous rays on a pale ground, finely striated trans- versely ; beaks recurved, with a narrow gape under them. 2i...3K Very rare, Cornwall. M. FRAGILIS: Turt. B.p. 74. t. 4.f. \Q.An Ch. f. 235. F.p. 428. Oval-oblong, compressed, nearly equilateral and smooth, pale yellowish white, transparent, angulated at the more produced side by a rib which runs obliquely from the hinge to the margin; beaks pointed with a depression under them on the shorter side. If.. ..2. Guernsey, very rare. GENUS. LEPTON. TURTON. Flat, nearly orbicular, equivalve, inequilateral, a little open at the sides, hinge of one valve with a single tooth and a transverse linear lateral one on each tide; of the other valve, with a cavity in the middle and a transverse desply cloven lateral tooth on each side, the segments of which divaricate from the beak. L. SQUAMOSUM. Turt. B. p. 62. t. 6./. 1, 2, 3. P.p. 429. SOLEN S. Mont. p. 565. Wood. G. C. p. UQ.D.p. 70. Turt. C. D. p. 164. Pellucid, thin, white, obscurely wrinkled concentrically, punc- tured in a scale-like manner; beak small, pointed; inside glossy, with small longitudinal radiating striae. 0,40. . .0,5. Torbay and Tenby. L. NITIDUM. Turt. B.p. 63. P.p. 49. Glossy, slightly striated concentrically, not punctured, horn coloured. 0,20... i. Torbay. GENUS. GOODALLIA. TURTON. Triangular, equivalve, inequilateral, closed : hinge with two teeth in one valve and a triangular cavity between them, in the other valve a single tooth : a lateral simple tooth in each valve on the produced side. G. TRIANGULARIS. Turt. B. p. 77. t. 6./. 14. F. p. 429. MACTRA T. Mont. p. 99. t. 3 /. 5. D. p. 143. Turt. D. p. 82. Strong, smooth, opaque, white or brown ; beaks very prominent, obtuse ; inner margin toothed. 0,17. ..i. Rare. G. MINUTISSIMA. Turt. B.p. 77. t. 6./. 15. F. p. 429. MACTRA M. Mont. Sup. p. 37. D. p. 143. Turt. D. p. 83. Resembling the last but not quite so angular nor so long in proportion, and the inner mar- gin quite entire. Devon and Cornwall. Minute. GENUS. ERVILIA. TURTON. Oval, equivalve, inequilateral, closed; hinge with a sin- gle erect tooth closing between two small divergent ones in the opposite valve ; lateral teeth none : liga- ment internal. E. NITENS. Turt. B.p. 56. t. 19./. 47^.^.431. MYAN. Mont. Sup. p. IQS. Wern. T. I. p. 375. t. 8. f. .-Wood. G. C.p. \Q\.D.p.47.Turt. D. p. 102 Oval, flattish, pale pink, a little tapering at the longer side and rounded at both, finely and regularly striated transversely; beaks prominent, margin entire. 0,17. i. Scotland and Devon. GENUS. KELLIA. TURTON. Somewhat globular, equivalve, closed ; hinge with two approximate teeth and a remote lateral tooth in one 51 valve, and a concave tooth and remote lateral one in the other : ligament internal. K. SUBORBICULARIS. Turt. B. p. 57. t. 1 1./. 5, 6. />. 430 MYA. S. Mont. p. 39. and 564. t. 26. /. 6. im. T. 8.^.41. Wood. G. C.p. 111. 2). p. 55. Sub-orbicular, equilateral, very convex, yel- lowish white, with slight concentric striae ; ventral edge nearly straight, ends rounded ; cuticle thin, green- ish, prismatic. . Roots of sea-weed. K. RUBRA. Turt. B p. 58. t. 11. /. 7, 8. F . p. 430. CARDIUM R. Mont, p. 3. t. 27. f. 4. Wood. G. C.p. 213. D.p. 131. Walk. t. 3./. 86. Oval, inequilateral, reddish and very finely shagreened (often paler or covered with a rough green or brown coat; beaks prominent, subterminal, under which the margin slopes in an incurved manner towards the smaller end : inside glossy purple. 0,80. ..0,10. Roots of sea-weed. GENUS. MONTACUTA. TURTON. Oval or oblong, equivalve, inequilateral, mostly closed; hinge with two teeth in each valve and a cavity between them ; lateral teeth none : ligament in- ternal. M. SUBSTRIATA. Turt. B. p. 59. t. II. f. 9. 10. P.p. 465.- LIGULA S. Mont. sup. p. 25. MY t c 2. f>2 S. d.p. 47. Wood. G. C. p. 102. Turt. D. p. 103. Oval, convex, slightly contracted in the middle, white or yellowish white and semi-transparent, with obscure and rather remote longitudinal raised striae ; beaks prominent, not quite central, teeth in one valve obscure. Adhering to Echini by slender filaments. M. BIDENTATA. Turt. B.p. 60. MYA B. Mont. 44. t. 26. /. 5. Lin. Trans. 8. p. 41. Wood. G. C. p. 99. D. p. 45. F. p. 465. Turt. C. D. p. 102. Oval, sm >oth, rather produced at one end, whitish, but not glossy, and frequently covered with a rough coat; beaks nearer the broader end ; one of the teeth oblique and spoon-shaped. $. in length. In old oyster shells. M. FERRUGINEA. Turt. B.p. 60. MYA F. Mont, p. 22. t. 26. /. 2. Wood. G. C. p. 100. D. p. 46. Turt. C. D.p. 102. F. p. 465. Oblong, slightly striated transversely, white, often covered or blotched with an ochraceous coat ; bei;ks placed near one end, obtuse ; one of the teeth in each valve erect, the other much bent inwards and sloping downwards. ..... Scotch and Western Coast. M. OBLONCA. Tvrt. B.p. 61. t. 11. /. 11. 12, F. p. 465. Oblong, smooth, glossy, all the teeth erect. &...: Sand in Torbay, closely resembling the last. GENUS. MESODESMA. DESHAYES. Oval, transverse or triangular, and usually shutting close : hinge icith a narrow central spoon-shaped pit for the ligament, with an oblong and simple tooth on each sids of it. M. DEAUKATA. MACTRA D. Turt. B. p. 71. t. 5.f. 8. F.p.4'27 An MES. DENTICULATA ? Gray in Grif. Cuv. An MES. JAURESII ? Mag. de Zool. Oblong, flattish, inequilateral, rounded at the elon- gated side and obtusely truncated at the other, opaque, strong, dull greyish white under a shining bronzed skin reflecting metallic lustres, coarsely and irregularly striated transversely, with a few coarser ridges towards the hinge; beaks rather prominent and pointed, a little inclined to the longar side. I... \\. Exmouth, rare. M. DONACILLA. DeshinLam. AMPHIDESMA. D. Lam. 2. DONAX PLEBEIA. Mont. t. 5./. 2. p. J07. Turt. B. p. 127. Dor. Cat. p. 38. t. 5./. 13. Turt. C. D. p. 1(2. F. p. 434. D. p. 102.-- ERYCINA P. Sow. G.f. 3. Reeve, t. 45. /. 4 Ovate triangular, wedge-shaped, posteriorly very short and 54 obtuse, smooth, variable in color, being sometimes uni- form yellow, pale with three or four chesnut or dark rays and often yellow with a broad central white ray edged with chesnut; inside yellowish. i...f. Teignmouth, usually dead specimens. M. CASTANEA. CAPSA C. Turt. B. p. 128. t. 10. /. 13. .F.^.434. DONAX C. Mont. p. 573. t. 17. /. 2. Lin. T. S.p. 77. D. p. \52.-Turt. C. D. p. 42. Oval-oblong, smooth, pale reddish chesnut with a deeper longitudinal band from the hinge which curves a little towards the longer side, strong, glossy ; inside chesnut the margin entire, hinge with two teeth (one large the other small) in each valve. .... Penzance. GENUS. AMPHIDESMA. Oval, equivalve, mostly closed, hinge with a spoon- shaped tooth, adjacent denticles and lateral teeth : ligament external. * A. PRISMATICUM. Lam. 10. Turt. B. p. 52. t. 5.f. 3.F. p. 432. LIGULA P. Mont. Sup. p. 23. t. 26./.3. Pen. 4.p. 169. MYA P. Wood. G. C. p. 101. D. p. 47 Turt. C. D. p. 103. Oblong, * In British Species, the lateral teeth are only in one valve. thin, transparent, glossy, brilliant white, reflecting me- tallic colours, anteriorly tapering to a point, posteriorly rounded; beaks small, pointing to wards the longer side; inside smooth, glossy, hinge with a plain denticle and lateral teeth. W. Coasts, Scotland. $...!. A. TENUE. Lam. S.Turt. B.p. 53' P.p. 433. MACTRA T. Mont. p. 572. t 11. f. 7. Pen. 4. p. 194. Lin. T. S.p.72. Dor. Cat. p. 33. D. p. 142. Turt. C. D. p. 84. Sub-triangular, equilateral, com- pressed, thin, glossy white, pellucid, ventral edge rounded ; hinge with a cloven and a remote lateral tooth in one valve, a single plain tooth in the other. i...0,40. S. Coast. A. BOYSII. Lam. 7. Turt. B.p. 53. t. 5,/. 4 5. LIGULA B. Mont. p. 98. t. 3./. 7. MACTRA B. Pen. 4. p. \96.-Lin. T. 8. p. 72. t. 1. /. 12. Dor. Cat.p.93. t.\2.f. 7.D.p. U3.Turt. C. D. p. 84. M. ALBA. Wood, Lin. T. 6.p. 174. t. 16. /. 9. to 12. AMP. A. F. p. 433. Ovate, subtriangular, rounded at both ends, anteriorly shorter, thin, com- pressed, glossy white, sloping from the beak at both ends, ventral edge rather suddenly rounded : a single umbonal denticle in each valve and a large lateral tooth on each side in one valve, i f . Common on Sandy Coasts. TRIBE. CORBULACEA. Inequivalve ; ligament internal; one of the beaks always projecting beyond the other. GENUS. COREULA. Regular, equivalve, inequilateral ; with a conical, bent, ascending, primary tooth in each valve, a small pit at its side ; destitute of lateral teeth; ligament ex- ternal. C. NUCLEUS. Lam. 6. Turt. B. p. 39. t. 3./. 8 to 10. Sow. G. f. I. Reeve, t. 36. /. ].. MYA INE- QUIVALVIS. Mont. p. 38. t. 26./ 7. Pen. 4. p. 126. Lin. T.S.p. 10. t. I./. Q. Wood. G.C.p. 113. D.p. 55. Turt. C. J). p. 107- E. M. t. 230. /. 4. Subtriangular, strong, opaque, generally covered with a brown skin under which it is whitish or flesh color, larger valve convex, regularly striated trans- versely, inclosing the lesser valve over which the beak projects and curves inwards; lesser valve flattish, with a few longitudinal raised striee ; inside smooth, polished round the margin. ....!-. Torbay,fyc. GENUS. SPH^ENIA. TURTON. Transverse, inequivalve, inequilateral, open at the an- terior side ; hinge of the left valve with an elevated transversely dilated tooth, of the right valve with a concave tooth and small denticle behind it ; no late- ral teeth : ligament internal. S. BINGHAMI. Turt. B. p. 36. t. 3./. 4, 5. $ t. 19. /. 3. F. p. 465. Wedge-shaped, covered with a brown wrinkled skin which extends beyond the anterior end, truncate at the hinge, with the upper margin often a little contracted about the middle, gradually tapering to the open anterior extremity ; beaks rather prominent, with the points not quite opposite but diverging from each other ; in>ide glossy white with a purplish tint, the margin short and plain, the concave tooth oblique and inflected . . . . . i . Torbay, in rocks. S. SWAINSONI. Turt. B.p. 37. t. 3./ 3. and t. 19. f. 2. F. p. 466. Oval, wedge-shaped, rounded ante- riorly ; the concave tooth projecting horizontally inwards. \ . . . ih Torbay, in rocks. GENUS. PANDORA, Regular, inequivalve, inequilateral, and transversely oblong; upper valve flattened, under convex ; hinge with two oblong diverging cardinal teeth in the upper valve ; the other valve with two corres- ponding grooves : ligament external. \\ OBTUSA. Lam. 2. Sow. Sp. Con. /. 1, 2, 3. SOLEN PINNA. Mont. t. 15. /. 3. Ovate, pos- terior side very short, obtuse and olliquely rounded at the ventral edge, slightly angular at the dorsal, narrower tha. the produced and dilaU'd anterior side; anterior d.304. Mont. p. 164. Dor. Ca*.^. 39. *. 13. /. 6. Turt. D. p. 1 13. Lin. T. S.p. 270. *. 6./.3, 4. ii*. . 426. /. 267. Rounded posteriorly, sub- truncated anteriorly, the ventral edge slightly incurved near the middle, dull white under a greyish wrinkled cuticle, coarsely wrinkled transversely. i...l. Common, in Rocks. H. ARCTICA. Lam. F. p. 461. H. MINUTA. and OBLONA. Turt. B. p. 24. t. 2. /. 12, 3. SOLEN Mi- NUTUS. Lin. \\\5.Mont.'p. 53. t. I./. 4. Ch. f. 51^ 2. Wood. G. C. p. 139. t. 34. / 5, 6.!).^. 69. Turt. C. D.p. 161. With two diverging spinous ridges on the anterior slope; closel} resembling the former specie in age by the gradual disappearance of the spinous ridges, but distinguished by the greater incurvation of the ligame.ital edge. The Mytilus Prcecisus of Mont. p. 165. t. 4. /. 2. seems but a variety of this species. GENUS. AGINA. TURTON. Transverse, oval, equivalve, inequilateral, open at the anterior end ; hinge with a single erect conic per- forating tooth in each valve, lateral teeth none : ligament external. A. PURPUREA. Turt. B. p. 54. t. 4. /. 9. MYA. P. Mont. Sup. p. 21. SOLEN P. F. p. 459. Oval, obliquely truncated anteriorly, convex, opaque, under a glossy white cuticle, chalky white, with irregular con- centric striae ; inside glossy white, hinge with a single ronic tooth in each valve penetrating a corresponding ca'ity in the opposite. i...i. Torbay, in rocks. GENUS. VENERUPIS. Transverse, inequilateral, posterior side short, the an* terior slightly gaping ; hinge with two cardinal teeth in the right value and three in the left (sometimes three in each) ; teeth small approximated, parallel and slightly divergent : ligament external. V. IRUS. Lam. 3 F. p. 451 DONAX I. Lin. 1129. D.p. 156. CA./. 268,9. Pen. 4. p. 100. Mont. p. 108. and 573 .-Don. 1. t. 29. f. 2.Lin.T. S. p. 77. Dor. Cat. p. 34. t. 12. / 6. (left-hand.) Turt. C. D. p. 43. Da. Cost. p. 204. t. 15. /. 6. (left-hand) PETKICOLA I. Turt.B, p. 26. t. 2. /. 14. Oblong or oval, but variable in modifications being at times truncated and sometimes rounded, dull dirty white, with rather distant, thin, transverse, sub- reflected lamellae and regular close radiating striae in fil the interstices ; anterior end mostly gaping,rarely some- what closed ; inside white with frequently a chocolate blotch at one end, margin entire, hinge suhterminal. | ... |. Torbay, in Rocks. V. PERFORANS. Lam. \.-^Turt. B. p. 29. t. 2. / 15 to 18. P.p. 451. VENUS P. Mont. p. 127. t. 3, / 6. Lin. T. 8, p. S9.Pen. 4. p. 1 1 1. D. p. 206. - Turt. C. D. p< 245, Variable in shape, more or less oblong, angularly truncated at one end (sometimes rounded at both ends or kidney-shaped and indented) very inequilateral, with transverse striae which become lamellar anteriorly, and minute radiating ones; brownish or yellowish white, with sometimes a few purple broken rays and linear ziczacs; inside white, glossy, with mostly a purple blotch at the larger end, margin entire ; hinge with three erect, long, and somewhat re- curved teeth in each valve, two of them cloven, the lower one in the right valve and the upper one in the left, entire and much the smaller. 1...2?. In rocks, common. The young are compressed, white variously marked with purple blotches anteriorly. TRIEE. NYMPHACEA. Never having more than two cardinal teeth in the same valve, often gaping at the lateral extremities ; liga- went external, umbones muaify projecting outwards. (52 GENUS. PSAMMOBIA. Transverse, elliptical or oblong-ovate, compressed, slightly gaping at one side ; beaks prominent ; two cardinal teeth in the left valve and one in the oppo- site, no lateral teeth. P. TELLINELLA. Lam. 1. P. FLORIDA. Turt. B. p. 86. t. 6./. 9. F.p. 437. Oblong, nearly smooth, thin, subequilateral, anteriorly obtusely angulated, posteriorly rounded, yellowish, with either red inter- rupted rays or zones, but always with one small distinct posterior ray, which only proceeds a short distance from the beaks. $ . . . 0,83. W. Coasts of Ireland. P. COSTULATA. Turt. B.p.87. t. 6./ 8. F.pA37. P. DISCORS. Philippi.p. 23. t. 3./. 8 Oval-oblong, thin, slightly angular anteriorly where there are about twelve fine oblique radiating ribs ; color varying from pale yellow to deep purple and marked with crimson blotches or stripes ; transven ely striated and minutely so longitudinally ; beaks nearly central, a little promi- nent, not inclining to either side : hinge with a single cloven tooth in one valve locking into two in the other, one of which is slightly cleft. i,..l. Dredged in Torbay and the Channel. P. FRAGILIS. Turt. B.p. 88. t. 7./. 1 1,2. F.p, TKLLINA F. LU. 1117, C*./ 5*4, Twt. C. D.p. 166. f. 18. T. JUGOSA. Brown in Wer. T. 2. p. 506. t. 24. /. 2. PETRICOJAOCHROLEUCA. Lam. Oboval, tumid, and broader posteriorly, flex- uous and produced anteriorly ; thin, brittle, white or brownish with numerous thin raised unequal striae, whose interstices ave minutely striated longitudinally j teeth strong, elevated, two in one valve, a cloven tooth in the other. l...lih Ireland, rare. P. POLYGONA. Turt. B. p. 96. F. p. 438. TELLINA P. Mont. Sup. p. 27. t. 28. /. 4. Turt. C. D. p. 180. Somewhat orbicular, somewhat truncated and angular at one end, rounded at the other, with fine transverse striae and minute longitudinal ones, the mar- gin uneven ; beaks not quite central ; in one valve two large distant teeth, in the other a large cloven triangular tooth and a small one near it. j...|. frith of Forth. P. LASKEYI. Turt. B. p. 89. F. p. 438. TEL* LINA S. Mont. Sup. p. 28. t. 28. / 3. Oval-oblong, smooth, glossy, slightly contracted anteriorly, purplish white under a yellowish olive epidermis, rounded at one end, obtusely pointed at the other: two approximate sub-bifid teeth in one valve, a single tooth in the other. 0,40. . ., Frith of Forth. P. FERROENSIS. Lam. 2. Tvrt. i?./;.94. t. S.f. 1. P.p. 438. TELLINA F. Gmel. 3235. J5om. . 2./. 6. List. t. 394. /. 241. D.j3. 77. Mont. p. 55. Xm. r. 8. j9. 49. Dor. C#. ^. 49. t. 6. /. 1. JFood. . 6'.^). 164. *. 45, /. \.-Turt. C.D.p. 171. Z> Cost. p. 209. #. 14. /. 1. T. TRIFASCIATA. Dow. if. 60. Oblong, compressed, sul>equilatera\, striated, transparent, and decussated on the flattened anterior slope which is subtruncated at its extremity and defined by a slight elevation in both valves ; pale red with paler rays: inside white. I...2. Western and other coasts. GENUS. SANGUINOLARIA. Transverse, somewhat oval, slightly gap'ng at the late- ral extremities ; upper margin arched and not parallel to the inferior one : hinge with two ap- proximate teeth in each valve. S. RUGOSA. Lam. 4. S. DEFLORATA. F. p. 461. P._p. 90. Lam. 21. P.p. 435. Pen. 4. p. 179. Lin. T. 8. p. 50. Dor. Cat. p. 30. t. 7.f. 5. Wood. G. C. p. 170. t. 39. f. \.-Turt. C. D. p. 171. Born. t. 2. /. 2. E. M. t. 29 1./. 2.Ch.f. 1654,5. T. LCETA. Mont, p. 57. T. INEQUISTRIATA. Don. 4. p. 123. Elon- gated oval, subinequilateral, slightly angulated and in- flected at the shorter anterior end, rather thin, paler or darker crimson, usually with paler unequal bands, deeply striated transversely ; one of the cardinal teeth bifid, the single lateral in each of its valves contiguous broad and oblique. l...l,16. T. FABULA. Gmel. 3239. D. p. 92. Lam. 24. Don. t. 97. Mont. p. 61. Pen. 4. p. \79.-Lm.. T. p. 62. Dor. Cat. p. 30. t. 12. /. 3. and 3\. Wood G. C. p. 156. t. 45. /. ^Turt. C. D.p. (57 170, F. p. 435. Ovate, thin, transparent, glossy, white ; anteriorly contracted, posteriorly rounded ; one of the valves obliquely striated, the other quite smooth ; two cardinal and a single lateral tooth in one valve, only single cardinal in the other. i...f . Common on sandy coasts. T. SIMILIS. Sow. Brit. Mis. t. 75. Mont Ap. p. 157. Turt. C.D.p. 170. Turt. B. p. 102. F. p. 435. Oval, with both valves obliquely striated ; a lateral tooth in each valve. Paignton sands, very rare. T. DONACINA, Lin. 1118. D.p. 89. Lam. 27. Mont. p. 58. t. 27. f. 3.Poli. 1. t. 15. /. [O.Pen. 4. p. 178. Lin. T. S. p. 50. t. I./. 7. Dor. Cat. p. 29. t. iZ.f.Zv. Wood. G. C.p. 161. t. 45. /. 5. Turt. D. p. 170. F. p. 435. Turt. B. t. 8./. 4. p. 103. Oval-oblong, anteriorly very short and obtusely cuneiform, posteriorly rounded ; the posterior dorsal edge but little sloping ; yellowish with narrow red, often interrupted rays, semi pellucid ; hinge in one valve with a cloven cardinal tooth, an additional simple one and lateral teeth on each side in the other. i...l. Guern- sey, Devon, Dorset, not common. T. BIMACULATA. Lin. 1120. D. p. 101. Lam. 52. Ch. f. 127. E. M. t. 290. /. 9. Da. Cos. p. 213. Pen. 4. p. lS3.Mont.p. \69.-Lin.T. S.p. 67. Don. t. 19./.1. Dor. Cat. p. 31. t. 5. /. 7. Wood. G. C.p. 192. t. 45. /. 6, 7. Turt. C. D. p. 178. F. p. 435. Turt. B. p. 104. Rounded-trian- gular, nearly smooth ; obtusely truncated, a little angular and shorter anteriorly ; compressed, variable in colouring, being often white with a deep red oblong spot on each side of the hinge, sometimes uniform whitish, cream coloured or violet, at times with linear purple arrow headed radiating markings (Turt. B. t. 8. /. 6.) or with six (T. SEXRADIATA. Lam. 53. E. M. t. 290. /. 10. Ch. f. 1326.) purplish brown rays; hinge with a single cardinal tooth in one valve, two in the other, two lateral in each. i...iK W. Coasts. T. DEPRESS A. Gmel.323S.-Lam. 22. D. p. 91. Pen. 4- p. 179. Don. t. 163. Lin. T. p. 51. Dor. Cat. p. 30. t. 5./. 2. Wood. G. C. p. 171. t. 45. f. 3. Turt. C. D.p. 171. Turt. B. p. 105. t. 8. /. 6. T. SQUALIDA. Mont. p. -56 F. p. 436. T. INCARNATA. Poll. 1. t. 15. /. 1. Oval-oblong, ante- riorly produced, attenuated and pointed, posteriorly rounded, ventral edge little arcuated in the middle ; compressed, pinkish flesh colour or orange, with two oblique paler indistinct anterior twin rays, finely striated concentrically ; a lateral tooth on both sides in one valve, one only in the other. 1J...2. W. and Irish coasts. * * Oval, two teeth in each valve. T. STRIATA. Mont. p. 60. t. 27. /. 2.Turt. B. p. 106. F. p. 437. Lin. T. 8. p. 53.Turt. C. D.p. 169. Oval-triangular, finely and regularly striated transversely and very minutely so longitudinally, rosy white within and without, deeper towards the hinge; each valve with two lateral teeth. l...f. S. Coasts t rare. T. TENUIS. Pen. 4. p. 180. t. 51. /. 2. Da Cost, p. 210. Lam. "25.Ch.f. 117. Don. t. 19. (Slower figs.) List. t. 405. /. 251. Mont. p. 59. Lin. T. S.p.52. Dor. Cat. p. 30. t. 5. f. 3. Wood. G. C. p. 155. t.U.f 3,4. Turt. C. D.p. ie>9.Turt. B. p. 107. F. p. 406. T. INCARNATA. D.p. 87. Oval-triangular, nearly smooth, very compressed, thin and glossy, whitish, reddish or orange, with generally darker bands ; anteriorly attenuated ; one of the valves with a lateral tooth. *...!. Sandy shores, extremely common . 70 T. SOLIDULA. Lam. 51. Mont. p. 63. Pen. 4. p, 184. t. 62. f. 2. and 2A. Lin. T. 8. p. 58, Dor. Cat. p. 31. t. S.f. 4:. Turt. C. D' p. 177,DaCos. t. 12. /. 4. List. t. 405. /. 251. PSAMMOBIA S. Turt. B. t. S.f. 2. p. 95. .F. p. 438. T. ZONATA. Gmel. 3250. D. p. 100. Rounded-triangular, thick, ventricose, somewhat angulated and compressed ante- riorly, passing from white into yellow or pink, with darker bands and obsolete ridges of growth ; hinge nearly central, with two indistinct cardinal teeth in each valve, no lateral. t...i. Excessively common on sandy shores. * * * Suborbicular with two cardinal teeth in each valve. T. MACULATA. Turt. C. D. p. 173. t. 13. Turt. B.p.WS. t. 6. /. 7. F. p. 436. Rounded -oval, equivalve, flat, thin, whitish brown covered with darker spots irregularly disposed, and marked wtth numerous raised striae, crossed in their interstices by minute longi- tudinal ones ; inside yellowish white, glossy, two strong remote lateral teeth in each valve. !,..!. Dredged in Bantry Bay. T. CRASSA. Pen. 4. t. 48. /. ZS.Gmel. 3238. 71 D. p. 96.^. M. 1. 291. /. 5, Lam. p. 35. List. t. 299. / 136. Turt. B. p. 109. t. 7. /. 2.F. p. 436. T. PROFICUA. and FAUSTA. Mont. p. 69. and 64. T. RIGIDA. Don. t. 103. Suborbicular, thick, heavy, semitransparent, with one valve less convex than the other, anteriorly shorter; white or yellowish (with usually narrow reddish rays) with crowded transverse furrows which become coarser anteriorly ; beaks often pink; inside yellowish; a simple and bifid cardinal tooth in each valve, two lateral in one valve only. i...2. 8. Coasts. GENUS. LUCINA. bub-orbicular, inequilateral, beaks small, pointed and oblique ; hinge variable, sometimes with two diver- gent teeth, one of which is bifid but changing with age ; two lateral teeth, the intermediate one obsolete ; the posterior nearest the primary ones : two distinct muscular impressions widely separated, the posterior one prolonged. L. LACTEA. Lam. 12. Turt. B. p. 112. t. 7./. 4,5. TELLINA L.Lin. 1119. D.p. 99. Bl. t. 72. f. 1. Ch.f. \25.-Mont.p. 70. t. 2.f. 4. Lin. T.S.p. 56. Dor. Cat. p. 30. t 5./. 9. Turt. C.D.p. 176. LORIPES L. F. p. 430. Orbicular, equilateral, with fine irregular concentric strise, thin, rather compressed. 72 white or yellowish ; beaks pointed, prominent and curved, lunule small and cordiform ; inside polished round the area of the margin ; in one valve a single plain tooth closing between two plain ones in the other; internal cavity oblique. I. Torbay and British Channel. L. LEUCOMA. Turt. B. p. 113. t. l.f. 8. LORIPES L. F. p. 430. Orbicular, rather oblique and inequi- lateral, anteriorly a little produced and angular, arid generally a little flexuous under the beaks posteriorly ; convex, chalky white, marked with regular crowded transverse raised striae and deeper wrinkles (sometimes crossed by extremely fine and close set radiating lines) ; beaks prominent with a curvature under them ; inside and hinge as in Lactea. f . Torbay, British Chan- nel and Guernsey. L. ALBA. Turt. B. p. 114. t. l.f. 6,7. Orbicular, convex, glossy white, with rather remote regular trans- verse striae ; hinge with two teeth in one valve, one in the other ; internal cavity nearly in a straight line, f . British Channel and Guernsey. More rounded than the last and with no appearance of longitudi- nal lines. 73 L. ROTUNDATA. Turt- B.p. 1 15. t. 7./. 3. TEL- LINA R. Mont. p. 71. t 2. /. 3. Pew. 4.^. 182. Lin. T. 8. ^. 56. Dor. Cat. p. 30. t. 5.f. .Wood. G. C. p. 187. D. p. 99. Turt. D. p. 176. PSAMMOBIA R. F. p. 438. Orbicular, convex and nearly smooth, a little undulated in the circumference, yellowish white or pale horn color and transparent; beaks not quite central, rather prominent ; inside white, but not glossy, except the area round the margin ; hinge with two teeth in each valve, one cloven, the other di- verging, lateral cavity narrow and nearly straight. 1. W. Coasts and Ireland. L. UNDATA. Turt. B.p. 115. Lam. 13. VENUS U. Pen. 4.p. 209. t. 58. /. 3. Lin. T. 6. p. 169. t. 17. /. 17,8. Mont. p. 117. Don. t. 121. Lin. T. S.p.SQ.D.p. 197. Turt. C. D.p. 241. /. 54. Orbicular, convex, with slight concentric striae, very thin and brittle, dull yellowish white, slightly undulated at its margin ; beaks subcentral, no lunule ; inside glossy yellowish white : hinge with three teeth (one bifid) in one valve, two in the other. 1 . Common on sandy shores. L. RABULA. Lam. 5. Turt. B.p. 116. P.p. 441. TELLINA R. Mont. p. 68. f. 2./. 1,2. Lin. T. 8. p. 74 54. Pen. b.p. 181. Wood. G. C.p. 183. t. 42. /. 4.5. Turt. C. D. p. 175. VENUS BOREALIS. Don. 4. t. 130. V. SPURIA. D. p. 194. Lenticular, con- vex, dirty white, with numerous raised transverse thread- like striae (which become indistinct in old shells, towards the margin), the interstices broad and shallow ; inside dull chalky white ; beaks central, pointed, and a little curved; a small lunule ; two teeth (one bifid) in each valve. \%. W. and Irish Coasts. L. SINUOSA. Lam. 17. L. FLEXUOSA. F. p. 442. Gould, p. 52. TELLINA F. Mont. p. 72. Lin. T. 8. p. 56. Wood. G. C. p. 188. t. 47. /. 7, 8. D.p. 99. Turt C. D. p. 177. VENUS SINUOSA. Don. t 42. f. 2. CRYPTODON F. Turt. B. p. 121. t. l.f. 9, 10. Suborbicular, longer than broad, very con- vex, pure white, thin, pellucid, marked with minute irregular concentric wrinkles, and a longitudinal furrow extending from the apex parallel to the cartilage slope, and forming a deep incurvation in the margin at its termination : hinge with a single obscure penetrating cardinal tooth, f . S. Coasts. L. SPINIFERA. VENUS S. Mont. p. 577. t.Yl.f. 1. Lin. T. 8. p. 78. D.p. 163. Turt. C. D.p. 231. MYRTEA S. Turt. B. p. 133. P.p. 443. Oval 75 triangular, yellowish white, with numerous fine laminar equidistant slightly reflected cencentric ridges, which anteriorly become confluent in pairs extending beyond the edges so as to form a fringe of short obtuse spines, which turn back and form a cavity for the cartilage beaks small, subcentral, lunule long and narrow : a single cardinal and two lateral teeth in one valve, two cardinal in the other, the lateral obscure, i. W. Coasts, rare. L. CARNARIA. Lam. F. p. 442. TELLINA C. Lin. 1119. Ch.f. 126. Mont. p. 73. Don. t. 47. Lin. T.S.p. 57. Dor. Cat. p. 31. t. 5. /. 6. Wood. G. C. p. 189. t. 40. /. 4, 5.D. p. 100. Turt. C. D.p. 177. STRIGILLA C. Turt. B. p. 118. t. 7.f. 15. Rounded oval, inequilateral, more or less tinged with rose-color, rather compressed, marked in the middle with oblique longitudinal striae, which, at at the shorter end, are curved and flexuous, and at the produced end with straight ones, which meet the ob- lique ones and fonn angles ; beaks near one end : hinge with two cardinal (one bifid) and a lateral tooth in each valve. |. W. Coasts. L. PISIFORMIS. Lin. 1120. F. p. 442. Wood. G.C.p. 194. D. p. 102. Turt. C. D. p. 178. D 2 76 CARDIUM DISCORS. Mont. p. 84. Wood. G. C. p. 214. STRIGILLA P. Turt. B. p. 119. Somewhat globular, subequilateral, glossy white, with numerous striae, which anteriorly bend in acute angles towards the hinge; beaks small, inclining a little to one side ; hinge with a single plain cardinal tooth on one valve, closing between two (one small) in the other, and a remote pro- minent lateral tooth, i. Falmouth, extremely rare. L. DIVARICATA. Lam. TELLINA D. Lin. 1 120. E. M. t. 285./. 4.Ch.f. \29.-Wood. G. C.p. 195. t. 46./.6. D. p. 102. CARDIUM ARCUATUM. Mont: p. 85. t. 3./. 2. Pen. 4. p. 190. Lin. T. 8. p. 153. STRIGILLA D. Turt. B. p. 120. Orbicular, sub- equilateral, white, thin, rather convex, with a slight posterior flexuosity, with regular rather distant striae, which form rather oblique curved lines, and turn off at both the sides nearly at right angles ; beaks very promi- nent ; hinge with a single cloven tooth in one valve, closing between two plain ones in the other, a small remote lateral tooth in each valve. . Teignmouth. L. TIGERINA. Sow. VENUS T. Lin. 1133,4 D. p. 191 Ch. f. 390,1. #. M. t. 277. /. 4. Mont. p. 119. t. 4. /. 1. Lin. T. S.p. 86. t. 2. /. 5. Dor. Cat. p. 35. t, I./. 14. Turt. C. D. p. 240. 77 CYTHEREA T. Lam. 53. Turt. E. p. 164. t. 12. /. 12. F. p. 445. Orbicular, compressed, white, with longitudinal ribs which are rather flat, very close, numerous, and narrow, and are crossed by still closer set concentric wrinkles ; lunule minute, triangular, sunken; ligament buried; inside white, often tinged with rose-color about the hinge and margin ; palleal scar simple, two cardinal teeth in each valve, a lateral in one, its receptacle in the other. 1. Guernsey. GENUS. DONAX. Transverse, equivalve, inequilateral, anteriorly very short and obtuse; two cardinal teeth in one or both valves, and one or two lateral teeth more or less apart ; ligament external, short. * Inner margin crenulated. D. ANATINUM. Lam. Bl. t. 71. f. 2 D. TRUNCU- LUS. D. p. 150. (not Lin. nor Lam. 24.) List. t. 376. /. 217. Da Cos. t. 14. /. Z.Pen. 4. p. 93. t. 55. Mont. p. I03.Turt. B.p. 123. Lin. T. 8. p. 74. Dor. Cat. p. 33. t. 6. /. 3. Don. t. 29. /. U Turt. C.D. p. 41. F. p. 433. Oblong wedge- shaped, the hinge margin nearly straight, glossy, with numerous simple minute radiating strise, except at the 78 anterior end, which is shorter, smooth, and very ob- liquely truncated; yellowish olive, with two or three pale rays and darker or lighter bands ; inside violet, a single lateral tooth. f...lj. Very common. D. DENTICULATA. Lin. 1127. D. p. 151. Lam. 50. Ch.f. 256.^. M. t. 262. /. l.F.p. 433. Pew, 4. p. 199. t. 58. /. 2.Mont. p. 104. Lin. T. 8. p. 76 Turt. B. p. 124. Dor. Cat. p. 34. t. 5. /. 12. Turt. C. D.p. 41. /. 19. D. CRENUIATA. Don.t. 24. Ovate wedge-shaped, very obtuse anteriorly, with numerous fine punctured radiating striae, white with purple rays ; anterior slope wrinkled transversely ; inside purple, margin denticulated. 0,58... t. Not very common. * * Margin plain. D> CoMPLANATA.Jfow^.^. 106. t. 5./. 4. Lin. T. S.p. 75. Pen. 4. p. 198. Dor. Cat. p. 34. D. p. \5Q.-Turt. C. D. p. 42. Turt. B. p. 125. t. 7. /. 13,4. F.p. 435. TELLINA POLITA. Poll 2. #.21. /. 14,5. CAPSA C. Sow. G.f. 8. Oblong, anteriorly obliquely but obtusely truncated, posteriorly rounded but attenuated, smooth, whitish, under a greenish epider- mis and marked posteriorly with a single broad whitish 79 or yellowish ray ; somewhat violet within, hinge with two teeth in each valve, and a single lateral one. I ... 1 \. Torbay and Guernsey. D. RUBRA. Mont. Sup. p. 38. Turt. C, D. p. 43. Turt. B.p. 127. t. 10. /. 14. F.p. 435. Wedge- shaped, smooth, uniform pale claret color, posterior edge greatly sloping to an attenuated but rounded ex- tremity, glossy, semi-transparent ; beaks prominent, posterior ; a single approximate lateral tooth in eaeh valve. &. Tenby. GENUS. CRASSINA. Suborbicular , transverse, equivalve, subinequilateral, close ; hinge with two strong diverging cardinal teeth in the right valve, and two unequal ones in the other ; ligament external, broader than long. * Margin quite entire. C. SCOTICA. Turt. B.p. 130. t. ll./. 3,4. VENUS S. Mont. Sup. p. U.Lin. T. 8. p. 81. t. 2./ 3. Pen. 4. p. 204. D. p. 267. Turt. C. D. p. 236. ASTARTE S. F.p. 440. Rounded-heart-shaped, rather flat, white, under an olive or chesnut cuticle, very 80 slightly angular and produced anteriorly, with nume- rous regular equidistant rounded transverse ribs becoming obsolete near the side, (especially the an- terior) the interstices smooth and broader than the ribs themselve ; beaks somewhat triangularly prominent, acute and slightly curved ; lunule deep and cordiform, lozenge lanceolate : inside glossy white or cream color ; hinge with two strong teeth in each valve. !...!. W. and Scotch Coasts. C. COMPRESSA. VENUS C. Mont. Sup. p. 43. t. 26. /. 1. Pen. 4. p. 209. CYPRINA C. Turt. B. p. 137. t. 11. /. 21. to 23. ASTARTE C. F.p. 440. V. MONTAGUI. D.p. 167. V. MONTACUTI. Turt. C. D. p. 243. Roundish triangular, a little compressed, strong, thick, flattish, marked with rather distant trans- verse rib-like striae, white or covered with a yellowish brown cuticle; beaks prominent, giving that part a rather triangular outline; lunule elongated, inside white, with the margin flat, thin, and entire, i. Scotland. ** Margin crenulated. C. DANMONIKNSIS. Lam. VENUS SULCATA. Mont, p. 131. Lin. T. S.p. 81. t. 2. f. 2.D. p. 166. 81 Turt. C. D. p, 235. V. DANMONIA. Mont. sup. p. 45. t. 29. f. 4.D.p. 167. CRAS. SUL. Turt. B.p. 131. t. l\.f. 1,2. ARTARTE S. & D. F. p. 439. Rounded heart-shaped, rather compressed, white under a dark brown cuticle, with smooth, strong, regular, equi- distant, transverse ridges; beaks subcentral, and in- clining; limule subcordiform, lozenge lanceolate. 1 . . . 1 i . D evon and Ireland. TRIBE. CONCHACEA. With at least three cardinal teeth in one valve, usually but not always the same in the other. GENUS. CYPRINA. Equivalve, inequilateral, obliquely heart-shaped, beaks obliquely bent; hinge with three unequal teeth, approximate at the base and slightly divergent above ; lateral tooth remote (sometimes obsolete) ; ligament external and partly sunk between the beaks. C. ISLANDICA. Lam. 2. Turt. B. p. 135. F. p. 443. jBZ. t. 70. bis.f. 5. Sow. G. Reeve, t. 65. VENUS T.Lin 1131. D. p. 176. List. t. 271. /. 108. Ch.f. 341. Pen. 4. p. 205. t. 56. Mont, p, 114. Don. t. 77. -Lin. T 8. p. S3. Dor. Cat. p. 35. /. 6./ 5. Turt, C. D.p. 238. Da Cost. t. 14, D 3 f. 5. Obliquely heart-shaped, thick, ponderous, white, under a coarse brown rather glossy cuticle, aud striated irregularly and concentrically ; beaks pointed, no lunule; inside dull white, margin vary entire. 4. Open Coasts. * C. TRIANGULARIS. Turt. B.p. 136. t. 11. /. 19, 20. F. p. 444. VENUS T. Mont. p. 577. 1. 17. f. 3. Lin. T. S.p S3. Pen. 4. p. 205. D. p. 173. Turt. C. D. p. 238. Somewhat triangular, being roundish, with a triangular outline towards the beaks which are produced and equally sloping on both sides, smooth, strong; lunule lanceolate; two teeth and a curved lateral in one valve, three and a lateral in the other, i. W. Coasts and Dublin Bay. C. MINIMA. Turt. B.p. 137. F.p. 444. VENUS M. Mont. p. 121. t. 3. /. 3. Lin. T. 8. p. 81. Pen 4.p.2Q3.D.p. 166. Turt. C.D.p. 236. Rounded heart-shaped, a little compressed, with broad smooth transverse rather obscure ribs, whitish or flesh color, with four red spots, two near the hinge, two at the margin, and generally two white lines connecting the two upper This and the succeeding species are but provisionally considered as of this Genus, 83 with the two lower ones. i...|. Devonshire and British Channel. C. ORBICULATA. Turt. B. p. 138. VENUS O. Mont. Sup. p. 42. t. 29. /. 7. Pen. 4. p. 208. Turt. C. C. p. 241. CYTHEREA O. F. p 446. Orbicular, compressed, cancellated, white ; beaks small, lunule minute and cord i form ; margin plain ; two ap- proximating teeth, and a transverse and rather remote one where the margin is angular. I. Dunbar. GENUS. CYTHEREA. Equivalve, inequilateral, suborbicular, trigonal and transverse ; one valve with four primary teeth, of which three are divergent and approximate at their base, and one remote ; three primary divergent teeth in the other valve t with a hollow margin parallel. C. CHIONE. Lam. 22. Bl. t. 74. /. 5. Turt. B. t.S.f. 11. p. 161. P.p. 445. VENUS C.Lin. 1131. D. p. 178. Ch.f. 343. Pen. 4. p. 206. t. 54./. 2. Don. 1. 17. Mont. p. 115. Lin. T. 6. t. 17. / 1, 2. and Vol. 8. p. 84. Dor. Cat. p. 35. t. 6. / 7, Turt. C. D. p. 239. Da Cost. p. 184. t. 14. /. 7. Oval, heart-shaped, glossy, smooth, fulvous with obsolete rays ; lunule oblong, acute and raised in the middle ; cartilage cleft broad; epidermis awny chesnut, 3... 4. W. Coasts. 84 C. GUINEENSIS. Lam. Turt. B. p. 161. F. p. 445. VENUS G. Mont. Sup. p. 48. fy 168. Pen. 4. p t 207. D. 4>. 163. Dor. Cat. p. 35. Turt. D. p. 237. Ck. f. 311,2. Obliquely heart-shaped, with numerous close-set sharp transverse subimbricated la- mellae, greyish white, with two or three purplish brown longitudinal rays ; lunule cordiform ; inside white in- clining to purple towards the margin ; both the slopes purple. 1 !...!. Scotland and Weymouth. C. EXOLETA. Lam. 48. Bl. t. 74. f. 2. Turt. B: t. 8./. 7. p. 162. P.p. 445. VENUS E. Lin. 1134. CA./.404. List. t.29\.f. 127. and t. 292./. 128. Pen. 4. p. 209. t. 57. f. 3. Don. 2. t. 42. / 1. Mont. p. 116. Lin. T.6. t. 17./.9, 10. $-8. p. 87. t. 3./. 1. Dor Cat. p. 35. t. S.f. 5.D. p. 195. Turt. D. jp/241 Da Cost. t. 12. / 5 E. t. 279. f. 5. Suborbicular, subequilateral, compressed, whitish or dull reddish with broken red or purple rays, broad stripes or fine lines and roughened by close-set transverse ca- pillary striae; lunule heart-shaped, sunken and sub- lamellar; inside white. 2. Sandy bays. C. LINCTA. Lam. 49. F. p. 445. VENUS SIN- UATA. Gmel. 3285. Turt. C: D. p. 242. List., t. 289. /. 125. #-290. / 126. Dor. Cat. p. 35. t. 1, /. 13. V. LUPINUS. Lin. ed. 10. p. 689 V. LACTEA. Dm. 5. t. 149. Mont. Sup. p. 46. Lin. T. 8. p. 79. V. EXOLETA. Pen. 4. p. 209. t. 59. /. 1. V. EXOLETA. VAR. Lin. T. 8. p. 87. t. 3. /. 2. D. ^p. 196. C. SINUATA. Tw. 5. . 10./. 10, 11. p. 163. Suborbicular, inequilateral, clear white, polished, the anterior side oblique less rounded and larger than the posterior, most elegantly and closely striated trans- versely ; beaks prominently curved ; lunule broad ; VAR. with broad longitudinal fawn coloured stripes, li. ff-. Coasts. GENUS. VENUS: Equivalve, inequilateral, transverse or suborbicular ; hinge with three teeth in both valves, all approximate the lateral divergent at their summits ; ligament external ; a more or less distinct lunule. * Inner margin crenulated. V. VFRRUCOSA. Lin. 1130. Lam. 7. Ch. f. 229, 300. D.p. l63.Turt. C. D. p. 23l.Turt. B. p. Ul.F.p. 446. Da Cos. t. 12./. I. List. t. 284./. 122 Don. t. 44. Mont. p. 112. Pen. 4. p. 201; t. 57. f. 1. Lin. T. 8. p. 78. Dor. Cat. p. 34. t. S.f. \.-JBorn. t. 4. /. 7. Rounded-heart-shaped, tumid, 86 whitish, often tinged with red, thick, not polished, with coarse transverse ribs which become warty at the ex- tremities, crossed by indistinct radiating striae, which are usually apparent at the umbones ; anterior slope more or less spotted on one side ; lunule cordiform and wrinkled; inside white. If. English and Irish Coasts. P V. CASSINA. Lin. 1130. D. p. 165. Lam. 9. Ch.f. 301,2. Lin. T. 8. p. 79. t. 2. / l.Turt. C. D. p. 232. Da Cos. p. 193. t. 13. /. 4. (left hand) Turt.B. t.9.f.l.p. 141. F. p. 446. Orbicular- heart-shaped, whitish or rusty brown, con vex, with trans- verse smooth plates curving towards the hinge,and nearly meeting each other in an imbricated manner, but not reflected at the sides nor tuberculated ; lunule cordiform. 1 . W. and Irish Coasts. V. DISCINA. Lam. 6. Philippi. p. 42. Bl. t. 75. f. 6. V. REFLEX A. Mont. Sup. p. 40. and 168. Wern. Soc. 1.^.384. t. 8. /. 1. D.p. \68.-Turt. C. D.p. 233. F.p. 446. Turt. B.p. 142. t. 10. /. 1,2. V. RUSTERUCCI. Payraydeau. f. 26, 7, 8. Suborbicular, thickish, rather compressed, a little trun- cated anteriorly, where the transverse plates are thin and reflected, brownish white with usually two or three 87 broken reddish rays ; lunule lanceolate and elevated in the middle into a sharp ridge. 2 j. Devon, Scotland, Bantry Bay. *V. CANCELLATA. Turt. B. p. 144. t. 10. /. 3.F. p. 447. Rounded- heart-shaped, anteriorly angular, white with sometimes a rosy tinge, with nine or ten re- mote transverse plates which are closely cancellated, the interstices with close set radiating riblets ; beaks promi- nent ; lunule cordiform. i. Guernsey. V. SUBCORDATA. Mont. p. 121. t. 3./. 1. Pen. 4. p. 204, Lin. T. 8. p. 82. D,p. 166. Turt. C. D. p. 237. Turt. B. p. 145. .F. p. 447. Subcordate, slightly truncated posteriorly, white, strong, ligamental edge sloping rapidly; with strong radiating riblike striae, and remote transverse ridges; beaks much in- curved. J. Falmouth. * I feel far from certain that this is really distinct from Turton's Dysera, which is assuredly the Cancel- lata of Lainarc : for the present species, Mr. Turton gives us as synonyms, CANCELLATA. Lin. 1130, Ch.f. 304. and ^6. 88 V. GBANULATA. Gmel. 3277 .D. p. 17]. Lam. U.Ch.f. 313. List. t. 338. /. 175. E.M. t. 272. /. 3. Mont. p. 122. D. t. S3. Lin. T. 8. p. 85. Turt. C. D.p. 240. Turt. B. p. 145. F. p. 447. Roundish-heart-shaped, with longitudinal grooves, de- cussated by raised transverse striae, yellowish, with purplish brown spotted rays and streaks, and the ante- rior slope with letter-like markings of the same color ; lunule heart-shaped and usually darker; inside stained, especially on the anterior side, with purple. . Fal- mouth and N. Britain. V. FASCIATA. Don. 5. t. L7Q.Pen. 4. p. 203. Desk, in Lam. vol. 7. D. p. 159. Lin. T. 8. p. 80. Dor. Cat. t. l.f. 3. Turt. C. D. p. 234. Da. Cos. t. 13. f. 3. Turt. B.p. 146. t. S.f. 9. F. p. 447. V. PAPHIA. Mont. p. 110. (not Lin.) Rounded- heart-shaped, compressed, subequilateral, with broad flat transverse unequal ribs, whose edges project a little beyond the anterior edge, forming a double row of tubercles ; whitish or fulvous, with narrow longitudinal rays or fine lines of red white yellow or purple ; lunule broad aud heart-shaped, f . Not uncommon. V. DYSERA. Lin. 1130. CA./ 287,8,9.^^. C. D.p.^.Turt, B,p. 147. t. 9,/. 4. F. p. 447, V. CINGENDA. D.p. 161. V. CANCELLATA. Lam. 12. Reeve, t. 68. /. 2. E. M. t. 268. /. 1. Heart-shaped, with rather distant transverse crenulated membranaceous ridges and raised longitudinal rib-like striae in their interstices, whitish, usually tinged with flesh-color or brown, spotted or indistinctly edged with dark brown ; anterior slope in one of the valves smooth, brown or striped with brown ; lunule heart-shaped and brown. 1. Guernsey. V. LAMINOSA. Laskey in Wern. T.\.p. 184. t. 8. /. 16. Mont. Sup. p. 3%. Turt. C. D.p, 233. Turt. B.p. 148. t. 10. /. 4. V. CANCELLATA. Don. t. 115. V. RDGOSA. F.p. US. Pen. t. 56. f. 50. Triangular, heart-shaped, produced and pointed ante- riorly, with crowded transverse membranaceous plates, closely striated longitudinally in the interstices, uniform pale brown. 1. Not very uncommon. Resembling Gallina. V. GALLINA. Lin. 1 130. D. p. L68.Lam. 24. Ch.f. '308. List, t. 282./. 120. Pen. 4. p. 205: t. 5 9.y. 2. Lin. T. 6. t. 17. /. 7, 8, # vol. 8. p. 82. Dor. Cat. p. 35. t.'8. f. 2.Turl. C. D.p. 234. Turt. B.p. 149. t. 9. /. 2. Da Cost. t. 12. /. 2. F.p. 448. V. STRIATULA. Mont. p. 113. Dow. 2.t. 90 68. Triangular heart-shaped, with numerous sloping- glossy transverse ridges, which seem crenulated from being crossed by crowded fine rufous lines, whitish or pale brown, with more or less distinct darker rays, the beaks much recurved and the slope nearly smooth ; lu- nule sunken, elongated, heart-shaped, and finely striated longitudinally. J...1J. Most sandy coasts. V.PALLIDA. Turt.B. p. 150. t. 10./. 5. -jf^p. 448. Triangular-heart-shaped, produced anteriorly, thin, semitransparent, uniform white or yellowish white, with rather irregular and somewhat indistinct transverse rib-like striae, crossed by fine longitudinal lines ; beaks prominent, pointed, a little curved; slopes quite smooth ; margin thin, with the crenulations visible externally. 1...2. Dawlish. V. OVATA. Pen. 4.p. 206. t. 59. /. 3. Mont. p. 120. Lin. T. 8. p. 85. t. 2. /. 4. Lam. SI. Dor. Cat. p. 35. t. I./. 15. D.p. \l\.Turt. C. D. p. 239. Turt. B.p. 150. t. 9. /. 3. CYTHEREA O. F.p. 445. Oval-triangular, subequilateral, moderately convex, brownish white, with longitudinal grooves, rendered scaly by the transverse striae ; beaks acute and ratner nearer the subangulated and flattened anterior slope . impressions obsolete. i,,,|. W. and Irish Coasts. 91 * * Margin quite entire. V. SUBSTRIATA. Mont. Sup. p. 48. t. 29. /. 6. Pen. 4. p. 211. Turt. C. D. p. 245. Turt. B. p. 152. F. p. 448. Oval, thin, semitransparent, white, with transverse wrinkles and obscure waved longitudinal striae; beaks nearer to one end, small, turning a little to one side; anterior tooth long and oblique. i...0,60. Frith of Forth. V. .ENEA. Turt. C. D. p. 248. /. 20. Turt. B. t. I0.f.7.p. 152. F. p. 449. Oval, tapering and elongated anteriorly, posteriorly rounded ; white, under a shining bronzed skin, convex, with regular close-set transverse striae and minute longitudinal lines; beaks much pointed curved and posterior, lunule elongated ; teeth strong, two cloven in one valve, and one in the other. l...li. Dublin Bay. V. SARNIENSIS. Turt. B. p. 153. t. 10. /. 6. V ENERUFIS S. P.p. 452, List. t. 385 ./. 232. Oval, anteriorly truncated and tumid, thick, convex,yellowish white, mostly marked with numerous red or purplish ziczac lines often disposed in interrupted rays (rarely uniform chocolate or fawn color,) ; with numerous rounded transverse striae not becoming broader ante- riorly ; beaks prominent, recurved ; lunule purple and 92 heart-shaped ; inside white, purple or greenish ; two of the teeth bifid. 2. Guernsey. V. SINUOSA. Pen. 4. p. 213. t.5S.f. 4. Mont. p. 120. Lin. T. 8. p. 90.Turt. C. D.p. 248.Turt. B.p. 154. t. 10. /. 9.^.^. 449. Roundish oval, subequilateral, with a longitudinal sinuosity from the beaks, whitish, with flat transverse striae and obscure longitudinal ones; lunule heart-shaped, subcarinate; inside rich glossy yellow ; two of the teeth in one valve bifid, one so in the other, $. Dublin Bay. V. AuREA.Pew. 4. p. 212. t. 60. /. 1. Mont. p. 129. Lin. T. 8. p. 90. t. 2. /. 9. Dor. Cat. p. 36. t. 13./.3. D.p. 207. Lam. 56. List. t. 404. /. 249. Turt. C. D.p. 247.Turt. B. p. 155. t. 9./. 7, 8. F.p. 449. Oval heart-shaped, tumid in the mid- dle and sloping to each side, anteriorly more produced, closely striated transversely, and very obscurely so longitudinally, lighter or darker yellow with blackish brown or bluish ziczac lines or stripes, variously dis- posed and often confluent ; lunule broad ; middle tooth cloven . 1 ... 1 i. Devon and Cornwall. V.VIRGINEA.Z. 1136. D.j>. 207. Lam. 57. Ch.f. 457. Pen. 4. p. 212. t. 58. /. 5. Mont. p. 128. Lin. T. S.p. 89. t. 2. f. 8. Dor. Cat. t. 13. /. l.Turt. C. D. p. 636. Turt. B. p. 156. t. 8. /. 8. VENERUPIS V. F. p. 452. Rhombic oval, in- quilateral, generally obliquely angular on the anterior side, yellowish white or pale reddish brown, usually variegated marked or rayed with rosy or rich purple, with transverse flat strise which are broader anteriorly; lunule lanceolate; inside white with generally a rosy tinge; two of the teeth cloven. Ik... 2. S. Coasts. V. NITENS. Turt. C. D. p. 247. Turt. B. p. 157. 1. 10. f. 8. E.p. 449. Rhombic oval, tumid in the middle, anteriorly angulated, transparent, homy, with some few scattered longitudinal markings, crowded transverse strise and indistinct longitudinal ones ; only the central tooth cloven, f. Dublin Bay. V. DECUSSATA. Lin. 1135. D. p. 205. Lam 46. List. t. 423./. 271. Ch.f. 455,6. Pen. 4. p. 210 t. 60. mid. Jiff. Don. t. 67. Lin. T. 6. p. 168. t. 17. f. 11,2. and vol.8, t. 2.f. 6. Mont. p. 124. Dor. Cat. p. 36. t. 6./. 4. Turt. C. D.p. 244. Da Cos. t. U.f. 4. Turt. B.p. 158. t. 8. /. 10. Ovate, anteriorly subangulated and broader, not polished, whitish grey or pale rust color, with often purplish brown or rufous spots, rays, or ziczacs ; with decussating 94 striae (becoming tuberculated anteriorly) of which the longitudinal are the more prominent; lunule indistinct; inside glossy white or yellowish, purple about the car- tilage; two of the teeth cloven. 2. ..3. Common on Sandy Coasts. V. PULLASTRA. Pen. 4. p. 210. Lam. 47. Lin. T. 6. t. 17. /. 13,4. and vol. 8. p. 88. t. 2./. 7. Mont. p. 125. Dor. Cat. p. 36. t. 1. /. S.Turt. C. D.p. ZH.Turt. B.p. VENERUPIS P.^. 451. V. SENEGALENSIS. D. p. 206. Oblong, anteriorly subangulated, reticulated by fine striae, of which the concentric are the more apparent and become sublamel- lar anteriorly, white, with purple blotches (rarely grey with dark rays) ; lunule rather obscure ; middle tooth cloven. 1...1. Common. TRIBE. CARDIACEA. Having irregular cardinal teeth, both in form and situation : usually with one or two lateral. GENUS. CARDIUM. Equivalve, subcordiform ; beaks prominent ; inner margin of the valves denticulated or plicated ; hinge with four teethin both valves, two approximated ob- lique, cardinal teeth mutually inserted and crossing each other and two remote lateral. 95 * Ribs spinous or tuberculated. C, AcuLEATUM.Zm. 1122 D. p. 115 Lam. 14 E.M. t. 297. / 5 Ch. f. 157 Pen. 4. p. 187. t. 53. / 1 -Don. t. bMont. p. 77 Lin. T. S.p. 62 Wood. G. C.p. 207. t. 51. / 1 Turt. C. D,p. 28 Turt. B.p. 181. *. 13. / 6, 1F. p. 420 (Young, C. SPINOSUM. Sow. Brit. Mis. t. 32) Very tumid, comparatively light, obliqae, subangulated anteriorly ; with about twenty-one ribs armed anteriorly with long sharp spines (lancet-shaped but round in the old shells) posteriorly with rather flattened obtuse tubercle, trans- verse striae only in the interstices of the ribs. 4. W. Coasts. C. TUBERCULATUM. Lin. 1122 D. p. Ill Lam. 15 Pen. 4.p. 88 Don. t. 107. f. 10 Mont. p. 568. Lin. T.S.p. 64 Wood. G. C.p. 210. t. 50. f. 1, 2 Dor. Cat. p. 31. t.2. f. 2. Turt. D. p. 28. /. 12. Turt. B. p. 183. .F. p. 421. Subglobular, ponderous, a little truncated anteriorly, with twenty- one ribs anned anteriorly with tubercles, posteriorly with scaly plates; pale chesnut usually with darker zones, the transverse wrinkles crossing the ribs. 4. W. Coasts. 96 C. ECHINATUM. iw. 1122. D.p. 116. Lam. 12. Pew. 4. p. 187. Da Cos. t. 14. f. 2. Don. t. 107. /. 1. Mont. p. 78. Lin. T. p. 63. Dor. Cat. p. 31. *. 6./. 2. Wood. G. C. t. 49. /. l^.Turt. C. D.p. 29.Turt. B. p. 183. F. p. 42l.(Youny 0. CILIARE. Lin. fyc.) Suborbicular, convex, thin, slightly oblique, brown or whitish, with eighteen ribs, armed with numerous inflected sharp white spines, curving towards the cartilage side, the posterior ones thicker and more obtuse ; the grooves only striated. 2... 2. Common on sandy shores. C: OBOVALE. Sow. in C. I. C. ELONGATUM. Mont. p. 82. Lin. T. 8. p. 67. Pen. 4. p. 190. Wood. G. C.p. 214. D.p. l3l.Turt.D. p. 31. Turt.B.p. 185. t. 13. /. 9. F.p. 422. Oval, in- equilateral oblique, produced and subangulated ante- riorly, pale rufous, with some obscure darker spots anteriorly, tumid in the middle, with twenty-five prickly ribs, the central flattened and separated by a fine line. 1. Torbay. C. NODOSUM. Mont. p. 81. Lin. T. 8. p. 68. Pen. 4. p. \8V.-Wood. G. C. p. 2l2.Turt. B. p. 186. t. 13. /. 9 Orbicular and rather flat, equilateral, brown or whitish, very slightly angulated anteriorly, 97 about twenty-six close-set rounded ribs, thickly clothed with obtuse round tubercles, which anteriorly project into very short spines ; beaks central, inside white with generally a chesnut anterior stripe reaching half-way down the shell ; margin strongly serrate, i. Torbay. The old shells in this and the succeeding species lose the tubercles and become wrinkled or scaly all over. C. EXIGUUM. Gmel. 3255. Mont. p. 82. Turt. B.p. 187. Pera. 4. p. 186. Lin. T. 8. p. 61. Wood. G. C.p.2\2.Turt. D.p.Zl.-F.p. 422. Dor. Cat. p. 31. t. 2. /. ll.D.p. 114. C. Pra- M^SUM. Don. t. 32. f. 3. Subtriangular, tumid, sub- truncated anteriorly, whitish, rarely pink, with from twenty to twenty-four ribs clothed with rounded obtuse tubercles especially about the shorter side, the grooves of which are not always distinct, but towards the hinge transversely striated ; inside often rosy, one of the teeth minute, i. W. Coasts and Ireland. * * Ribs armed with transverse scales. C. EDULE. Lin. 1124. D. p. 127. Lam. 31. Ch.f. 194. Pen. 4. p. 189. t. 53. /. 3. Mont. p. 76. Dor. Cat. p. 32. t. 11. /. \.-Wood. G. C. p. 226. t. 55. /. 1. Turt. C. D.p. 30. Da Cos.p. 180. 98 t. II. f. l.Turt. B.p. 188. P.p. 422. Rounded- heart-shaped, becoming obliquely heart-shaped from the anterior side being produced by age, dirty white, with about twenty-six ribs which are rough with trans- verse wrinkled subimbricated striae ; inside white, stained anteriorly with brown. li. The common cockle. C. FASCIATUM. Mont. Sup. p. 30. . 27. /. 6. Pen. 4. p. 191. Wood. G. C. p. 215. D. p. 130. Turt. C. D.p. 32. Turt. B.p. 189. F. p. 422. (the young of C . Rusticum. fide. Sow. in C. 1. Or- bicular flattish, seuiitransparent, yellowish or pale rufous, glossy, with a few dark transverse bands often disposed in spots on the ribs. Not uncommon. * * * Rids unarmed. C. MEDIUM. Lin. UW.Lam. 40. Ch.f. 162, 3,4.^. t. 296./. I. Pen. 4. p. 186. Dow. 1. t. 32. /, I. Mont; p. S3. Lin. T. 8. p. 61. TTood. G. C.p.2l\.t.5Q.f.3.D.p. U3.Turt.C.D.p. 32. Turt. B.p. 190. F. p. 422. Tumid, suborbi- cular, rather truncated anteriorly, yellowish white, with reddish brown blotches, about fifty radiating ribs which are rather obscure in the middle but stronger at the 99 sides especially the shorter where they are crossed by fine striae which pass over but do not cut the ribs; one of the cardinal teeth minute or obliterated in each valve. Torquay, not rare. C. SERRATUM. Lin. 1123. Lam. 25. LCBVIGA- TUM. Pen. 4.p. 188. t. 54./. I. Da Cos. p. 178. t. 13. f. 6. Don. t. 54. Mont. p. SO. -Lin. T. 8. p. Q5.Dor. Cat. p. 31. t. 7. f. $. Wood. G. C. t. 54. /. 1. D.p. \23.-Tnrt.D.p. 31. List. t. 332. /. 169. Oboval, with a brownish olive glossy epider- mis, often marbled with white and the various hues of red, with very obscure longitudinal striae and very re- mote transverse ones ; flattish and much produced ante- riorly where the striae become obsolete ; within, pale flesh color. 2 ... 1 ,67. Common. C. LEVIGATUM. Lin. 1123. Lam. 26. Ck. f. l$9.Knorr. 2. t. 20. /. 4 ..p. 8. Da Cos. *. 65./. 62. (rt. hand.) C%./.,574. N. MAR- GARITACEA. Zam. 6. Obliquely subcordifovm, subtri- angular, anteriorly produced, cuticle blackish or dark olive green, (at times with yellowish rays and very minute striae) glossy; lunuleoval; inside silvery, teeth about twenty anteriorly, about ten posteriorly ; margin crenated. 0,40... i. Common. N. TENTHS. Turt. B. p. 177. F. p. 402. ARCA. T. Mont. Sup. p. 56. t. 29./. 1. Pen. 4. p. 218. D. p. 246. Turt. D.p. 1 1 . Obliquely-heart-shaped, roundish and nearly smooth, produced and rounded anteriorly, white or covered with a thin olive skin ; inside white, a little pearly, margin entire. i...f. Scotland. ,fcj N, ROSTRATA. Turt. B.p. 178. F. p. 402. u- 3 'V-ria^ 106 ARCA R. Mont. p. 55. t. 27. f. 7. Pen. 4.p. 217. D. p. 245. Oval, anteriorly produced, curved and rounded, glossy, pale horn color, with fine regular and reflected concentric striae, which however become ir- regular in crossing the very slight longitudinal anterior ribs; central tooth obsolete, margin entire. i...f Frith of Forth. N. MINUTA. Turt.B.p. 178. F. p. 402. ARCA. M. Pen. l.jp. 216. Mont. p. 140. Lin. T. S.p. 92. Dor. Cat. t. I./. 16. D. p. 245.Turt. D. p. 11. /. 98. A. CAUDATA. Don. 3. t. 78. Oval, anteriorly produced, curved and truncated, white or yellowish with a few ridges crossing the transverse striae, margin entire* !...!. Tenby, Sandwich, Scotland. ORDER. MONOMYARIA. With one siphonal scar. TRIBE, MYTILACEA. Hinge with the ligament marginal, partly inclined f linear, extending along a great part of the anterior border. Rarely foliated and adherent. GENUS. MODIOLA. Subtransverse, eqitivalve, regular, posteriorly very 107 short ; beaks almost lateral, inclining to the shorter side ; hinge toothless, lateral, linear ; cartilage sub- internal, situated in a marginal groove / scar single, sublateral, elongated and hatchet-shaped. M. RHOMBKA. Berkely in Z. J. 3. p. 229. t. 18. /. 1. 'Thin, rhombic, gibbous, with transverse subcrenu- lated folds which are posteriorly obscure, and longitu- dinal ribs ; uinbones incurved, slightly prominent. Length 0,17. Weymouth, rare. M. MODIOLUS. Turt. B.p. 199. t. 15./. 3. ARCA M. Lin. \L5S.-Pen. 4. p. 238. t. 69. Da Cos. p. 219. t. \5.f. 6. Don. 1. t. 23. Lin. T. 8. p. 107. Dor. Cat. p. 40. t. 12. f. 5.D.p. 314. Turt. D. p.l\\.E.t.2l9.f. ]. M. VULGARIS, F.p. 412. Oblong, smooth, long, thick, coarse, covered with a blackish skin, anteriorly obliquely dilated, the beaks tumid and obtusely angular ; when half grown thinner, of a horn color and usually clothed more or less with long leaf-like filaments which are entire on both their edges. (M. BARBATUS. Lin. 1156. Ch. f. 749. Pen. 4. p. 238. t. 67. /. 2. Don. 2. t. 70.) 4 or 5. Common. M. GIBBSII. Turt. B.p. 2QO.F.p. 4\3.Leack, 108 Z. M. t. 72. /. 2. Somewhat triangular, very flat and angular anteriorly, regularly striated transversely, clothed with foliations which are serrated on one side, white and opaque under the cuticle. 2...H. W. Coasts. M. DISCORS. Turt.B.p.201. t: 15. f. 4,5. F.p.413. MYTILUS D. Lin. l\59.Mont.p. 167. M,Dis- CREPANS. Lam. 15. Da. Cost. t. 17./. 1. Pen. 4. p. 167. Lin. T. 8. p. 111. t. 3./. 8. Dor. Cat. p. 40. t. 2.f. l.D. p. 3\9.Turl. D. p. 1 12. Oval, very tumid anteriorly rather pointed and somewhat contracted at the ventral margin ; divided into compartments, the central being nearly smooth, the extremes with longitu- dinal ribs; cuticle green or brownish horn-color ; beaks quite terminal, very obtuse and twisted into a single flat volution. 0,44. W. Coasts and Ireland. M. DISCREPANS. Turt. B.p. 202. F. p. 413. MYTILUS D. Mont. p. 119. and Sup. p. 65. t. 26. f. 4. Lin. T. S.p. 111. t. 3./. 9. Pen. 4. p. 241. D.p. 319. Turt. D. p. 112. Oval, flattish, rounded anteriorly, slightly ribbed longitudinally at both ends ; beaks not quite terminal. . W. Coast and Ireland. Like the last but flatter broader and rounder at the end opposite the hinge, where the ribs are only eight in number., the color too is blacker. 109 GFNUS. MYTILUS. Longitudinal, equivalve, acute at the base, usually affixed by a byssus ; beaks acute, somewhat straight and terminal ; hinge lateral and usually toothless, ligament marginal and subinternal; scar elongated, clavate, sublateral. M. EDULIS. Lin. 1157. Ch.f. 750. Pen. 4. p. 236. t. 66./. 2. Don. 4. t. l2S.Mont. p. 159. Lin. T. 6. t. 18./. 13,4. Dor. Cat. t. 12./. 5.1. hand. D. p. 309.Turt. D. p. 109. Da. Cost. t. 15. /. 5. 1. hand.E. t. 218. /. 2.Knorr. 4. t. 15. / 1. F. p. 411. Oval -oblong, smooth, posteriorly tumid towards the beaks, curved and somewhat carinate ante- riorly, rich blue under the epidennis; beaks blunt; hinge with four or five teeth. 2. Common Muscle. * An var. M. SUBSAXATILIS. Williams in Mag. Nat. 7.^.354. An. M. GALLOPROVINCIALIS/* Lam. Strong, solid, the hinge line longer and very straight, thus forming a more or less distant angle with the ven- tral edge. I believe it to be a distinct species. * When beween rocks the posterior edge becomes concave. 110 -* M. PELLUCIDUS. Pen. 4.^?. 237. t. 66. f. 3. Mont. p. 160. Dow. 3. t. 81. Lin. T. p. 167. D.p. 310, Turt.D.p. llQ.Ch. f. 751. Far EDTJLIS. F. p. 411. Oval, transparent, usuall} yellowish with dark blue rays, broader than the last, anteriorly straight ; only two or three tubercular teeth under the hinge. 2. Common. f MY. STRIATULUS. Lin. Mant. p. 548. Schrtet. Ein. t. 9./. 16. Gmel. 3358. Turt. in Mag. N. H. 7. -Semitransparent, dark horn-colored, with a few paler zones, marked with numerous slight longitudinal ribs decussated by transverse depressed lines giving them a granulated appearance; front margin a little incurved, hinge margin angular. Scarborough. * The Crenatus and Ungulatus are occasionly found on our coast but are not native species. f Contrary to my usual habit, I have copied the synomyms without verifying them, since I am unable to procure the described shell. In almost every other case reliance may be placed on the foreign synonyms, as much labor has been expended in the comparison of figures. Ill GJJNXJS. LITHODOiMUS. CUVIER, Subcylindrical, rounded at both ends; beaks nearly terminal ; no teeth ; ligament al line nearly straight. L. LITHOPHAGUS. Lin. 1156. Lin. T. 8. p. 270, t. 6./. 1. to 5. -Cuticle green, finely striated by the layers of growth ; inside glossy, irridescent. 0,40... L Limestone, very rare. GENUS. PINNA. Longitudinal, equivalve, cunieform, acute at the beaks, gaping at the opposite extremity ; beaks straight ; hinge lateral and toothless; ligament marginal t linear f very long, almost internal. P. INGENS. Pen. 4. p. 115. Mont. p. 180. Lam. \3.Mont.p. ISO.F.p. 406. P. L^vis. t. 152. P. INGENS. & FRAGILIS. Turt. B.p. 222. t. 22. /. 1. Oval-triangular, semitransparent, horn coloured, with concentric arched striae, a few longitudinal obsolete ridges towards the back ; ligamental edge straight, com- pressed anteriorly, from whence it runs almost directly for two-thirds and then slopes suddenly to the beaks. 6... 12. S. Coasts, deep water. P. FRAGIMS. Pen. 4. p. 114. t. 69. /. 80. P.p. 406. P. MURICATA.DO?J. 1. 10. PECTINATA. Mont, p. 178,TurL B. p. 223. t. 19. /. 1 .Triangular, 112 pellucid, corneous, about eighteen radiating ribs running the entire length of the shell; ventral edge rounded. 2L..6. S. Coasts. Towards the middle posteriorly, the scaly striae run obliquely to the margin. * P. PAPYRACEA. Turt.B. p. 224. t. 20. /. 3. F. p. 407. Oval triangular, thin, brittle, with nine dis- tant unarmed ribs nearly covering the entire surface ; ventral edge slightly rounded ; contracted rapidly to- wards the apex ; the open end even. 2j...4i. Devon. TRIBE. MALLEACEA. LAM. Subinequivalve, foliaceous, ligament marginal; sub- linear either entirely simple or interrupted by ere- nulations or a row of teeth. GENUS. CRENATULA. Subequivalve, flattened, foliaceous, somewhat irregular, no particular aperture for the byssus ; hinge lateral, linear, marginal, crenulated ; crenations arranged in a straight line, callous, somewhat excavated, re~ ceiving the ligament. C. TRAVISII. Turton in Mag. N. H. 7. p. 349. /. * Muricata, fide Turton, is probably not native. 113 47. Rhombic, longer than broad, rounded below, trans- parent, whitish with pale violet longitudinal interrupted striae, very thin and brittle, obliquely truncate at the top, with a few pale violet spots below; front margin incurved. i...l. Scarborough. Probably the young of the W. Indian species, which, when mature, is in- ternally of a jet black. GENUS. AVICULA. Inequivalve, fragile, with the dorsal edge straight and transverse, the extremities produced, the anterior one caudiform ; left valve emarginate, with a sinus or notch through which the beard passes ; hinge linear with one tooth in each valve under the beaks ; ligament linear and marginal placed in a long narrow groove. A. HIRUNDO. Turt. B. p. 220. t. 16. /. 3,4. F. p m 405. MYTILUS. H. Lin. 1159. D. p. 320. Turt. D. p. 108 /. 7. An. Ch. f. 7U,5.?An A. TARENTINA. ? Lam. Rather oblique, smooth or fur- nished with a few scales about the margin, dull greenish grey or brown with pale rays ; tail rather elongated ; wing large and deep. Dublin Bay, Torbay and W. Coasts, rare, up to 2. TRIBE. PECTINIDES. Ligament internal or semi-internal) shell for the most 114 part regular and not foliaceous in texture. GENUS. LIMA. Longitudinal, subequivalve, auriculated, slightly gap- ing on one side ; beaks divaricated / hinge toothless the cardinal pit partly external and receiving the L. BULLATA. Turt. B. t. 17. /. 4,5. PECTEN FRAGILIS. Mont . Sup. p. 62. Pen. 4. p. 223. OSTREA F. Turt.D. p. 131. LIMA F. F. p. 388 Very convex and much curved outwards on one side with numerous raised longitudinal striae, which are a little undulated, with three or four lesser ones between each of them ; cardinal margin and auricles oblique, i . . . 1 . Devonshire and Bray in Ireland, rare. L. SUBAURICULATA. Turt. B. p. 218. F. p. 389. PECTEN S. Mont. Sup. p, 63. t. 29. f. 2. OSTREA. S. Turt. D. p. 131. Flattish and subequilateral, a little unequal at one of the sides (but not so much as in the last) with longitudinal straight striae without lesser intermediate ones; auricles nearly rectilinear. ...&. W. Coasts. More elongated than the last, the strife more remote and nearly straight. GENUS. PECTEN. Free, regular, inequivalve, auriculated, dorsal line transverse and straight; the beaks contiguous; hinge toothless, the cardinal cavity entirely internal, triangular, and receiving the ligament. * Ears equal or nearly so. P. MAXIMUS. Pen. 4. p. 219. t 62. Lam. 1. P.p. 383. Turt. B.p. 207. Ch.f. 585. Mont. p. 143._OsTREA M. Lin. 1144. List. t. 163. /. 1. Knorr. 2. t. 14. f. l.E. t. 285. /. I. Don. 2. t. 49. Lin. T. S.p. 96. Dor. Cat. p. 37. t. 9./. 3. D. p. 247. Turt. D. p. 128. P. VULGARIS. Da. Cos. t. 9. f. 3. Suborbicular, inequivalve, one valve being convex white and tinged with yellow towards the beaks, the other flattish concave towards the beaks and usually brownish red, or white variegated with pink or brown ; about fourteen radiating rounded ribs. 4 or 5. The common scallop. P. OPERCULARIS. Pen. 4. p. 221. t. 63. /, 2. Mont. p. 145. Lam. 34, F. p. 383. Turt. B.p. 209. E. t. 112./. 2. OSTREA O. Lin. 1146. Dor. Cat. p. 38. t. 9.f. 1,2,4,5. D. p. 266. Turt. D. p. 129. f P. PICTUS. Da. Cost. t. 9.f. [,2,4,5.) List. t. 190./. 27. Knorr. 2. t. 2. /. 2,3. Suborbicular, the upper valve the more convex, with from eighteen to 116 twenty radiating rather convex ribs, which are some- what roughened by obsolete longitudinal and minute transverse striae, and are narrower than their in- terstices ; the color extremely variable, being yellow, white, pink, &c., but the lower valve always white. Variety.?. LINEATVS. Lam. 35. Da. Cost. t. 10. / 8. Mont. p. 47. Pen. 4.p. 222. OSTREA L. Lin. T. 8. p. 99. Dor. Cat. p. 38. D. p. 266. The rays marked each with a longitudinal red line. 2. Very common. P. SUBRUFUS. Turt. B. p. 210. t. 11. f. 1. OSTREA S. Don. 1. t. 12: Equivalve, suborbicular, equilateral arid smooth, uniform rufous brown the twenty radiating ribs rounded and smooth. Torbay. A few transverse scaly marks towards the margin. P. SINUOSUS. Pen. 4. p. 222. t. 64. / 2.F. p: 384. Lam. 49. Turt. B. p. 210. t. 9. /. 5. OSTREA S. Gmel. 3319, Lin. T. 8. p. 99. Dor. Cat. p. 38. t. 10. /. 3,6. D. p. 262. Turt. D. p. 130. P. DISTORTUS. Da Cos. p. 148. t. 10. f. 3,6. Mont. p. 148. P. Pusio. Don. l.t. 34. Sow. G. List. t. 172. /. 9. Reeve, t. 114. /. 6. Suborbicu- lar or longitudinally oval, inequivalve, variously dis- torted, white, pink or brownish, irregularly marbled or 117 marked with chocolate brown, about forty fine prickly radiating riblets. 1. S. ty W. Coasts, in crevices of rocks. P. GLABER. Pen, 4. p. 223. Mont. p. 150. and Sup. p. 59. t. 28. / 6. F. p. 384. ZWf. B.p. 211, OSTREA G. Turt. D. p. 132. Equivalve, yellow mottled with rufous brown, with very minute transverse stricE and from seven to ten obscure rounded rays, and numerous grooves in the inside, f . Scotland, near Dunbar. P. TUMIDUS. Turt. B.p. 212. t. 17. /. 3. F. p t 384. OSTREA. T. Equivalve, inequilateral, suborbicu- lar, glossy white, transparent and without striae ribs or sculpture of any kind; one of the sides produced ; ears nearly equal, i. Torbay. * * Ears unequal. P. L^EVIS. Pen. 4. p. 223. Mont. p. 150. and Sup. p. 161. t. 4./. 4.Turt f B.p. 213. P.p. 385. OSTREA L. D. p. 131. O. SIMILIS. Laskey. Wer. Soc. l.t.S.f.S. Equivalve, equilateral, orbicular, thin, smooth, except a few transverse wrinkles, yellowish white, often marbled with brown, semitransparent ; one ear large the other small. . Anglesea $ W. Coasts, 118 P. OBSOLETUS. Pen. 4. p. 222. t. 64. /. 3. Don. t. I./. 2. Mont. p. 149. $ Sup. p. 61. Turt B. p. 213. t.9.f. 6.F.p. 385. OSTREA O.Lin. T. S. p. 100. D. p. 263. Turt. D. p. 133. OST. L^vis. Lin. T. 8. p. 100. t. 3. /. 5. Equivalve, roundish- oval or oblong, purple reddish or yellowish (rarely clear white,) often variously marbled or spotted ; the surface generally marked with raised ribs towards the broader end, more or less in number, which are sometimes denned by a deep transverse line separating them from the plain part, but always marked with fine and almost invisible longitudinal irregular and somewhat undulate striae over the whole surface. Torbay and English Channel. P. VARIUS. Pen. 4. p. 221 t. 64. /. 1. Mont. p. U6.Lam. 47. F.p. 384. OSTREA V. Lin. 1146. Dow. l.t.l.f. I. Lin. T.$.p.97.Dor.Cat.p.3$. t. 10. /. 1,2,4,5,8,9. D. p. 260. Turt. D. p. 130. Da Cost. t. 10. /. 1,2,4,5,7,9 Cft. /. 633,4. List. t. 180, 181, and t. 189. /. 23. Rounded-oblong, extremely variable in coloring, but not unfrequently brownish red, with about thirty-two rounded prominent radiating ribs, armed when perfect, with erect vaulted scales, the interstices very deep and not striated ; ears very unequal, li.long. Extremely Common. 119 P. Pusio. Lam. 55. F. p. 385.Turt.p. 215. t. 17.y. 2. OSTREAP. Lin. 1146.? D. p. 261. Ch. f. 635,6. Knorr. 4. t. 12. /. 2. Oblong-oval, equi- valve, with about forty rounded and nearly smooth striae, which are usually alternately larger and smaller, and very slightly muricated about the margin ; variable in coloring, often brownish white with chocolate ziczac bands, or saffron or crimson, the under valve generally pure white, ...&. Torbay, in rocks. P. JSLANDICUS. Turt. B. p. 216. -F. p. 385. List. t. 1057. /. 4. Ribs numerous, rough, unequal, from seventy to one hundred, grouped in pairs or other- wise, reddisb, the furrows reticulated. 3...3-L W. Scotland, rare. TRIBE. OSTRACEA. Ligament internal or semi-internal; shell irregular and of a foliated texture. GENUS, OSTREA. Fixed, inequivalve, irregular, with the beaks more or less separated from each other and becoming unequal by age ; hinge toothless, with a cavity which is partly external and in the lower valve becomes elon- gated ; ligament internal O. EDULIS. Lin. 1 148. Pen. 4. p. 225. /. 65. /. 2. Mont. p. 151. Dor. Cat. p. 38. *. 11. /. 6. D. ^. 280. TV*. D.^. 133. Lam. I. List. t. 193. /. 30. Ch.f. 682. Da Cost. t. 2./. 6: Blain. t. 60. /. l.E.t. 184. /. 7,8. jF.^. 392. Rounded-oval, rather attenuated towards the beaks, dirty white, rough, with concentric waved scaly foliations; upper valve less and flattened ; inner margin very entire. The common Oyster. O. PARASITICA. Turt. B.p. 205. t. 17. /. 6,7. F p. 392. Turt. D.p. 134. /. 8. Rounded or oblong, nearly smooth, the upper valve convex, greenish, often with radiating bands of brown. If. Attached to marine substances. Probably a variety ofEdulis and deriving both form and color from the Pectens, fyc. it may have attached itself to. GENUS. ANOMIA. Inequivalve, irregular ; with the under valve perfora- ted near the beak and fixed by an operculum or tendon ; hinge withont teeth ; ligament internal, placed transversely under the beak. A. ELECTRICA. Lin. \l5I.-Turt.D.p. I./. 67. Turt. B. p. 227. t. 17. /. 8,9.^.^ 394. Some- what orbicular, with the surface a litle undulated, bright, 121 transparent amber or yellow inside and out, not rough plaited nor scaly, beaks pointed, not quite terminal ; the lower valve flat, scale-like, and with a large in- terrupted perforation. l. W. Ireland. A. EPHIPPIUM. Lin. 1150. Pen. 4. p. 232. ,65. up.fy.Don. 1. t. 26. Mont. p. 155. F. p. 395. Don. 1. 1. 26. Mont. p. 155. Lin. T. 8. p. 102. Dor. Cat. p. 38. t. 11. / 3. D.p. 286. Turt. D.p. 2. Lam. I. List. 204 /. 38. Turt. B. p. 227. t. 18. f. 1. to 3. Orbicular-oval, rather rough, irregularly wrinkled and plaited, when full grown scaly, dirty white ; beaks terminal ; inside rich pearlaceous, white but often stained with greenish or dirty brown ; operculum oval, large, thick, rough. 3. Common on rocky shores. Probably most of the remaining Anomice are nothing more than varieties, (excepting Aculeata) as this genus accommodates its shape, sculpture and coloring to the substance to which it may attach itself, A. CEPA. Lin. 1151. -D.p. 287. Turt. J5.jp.228. t. \8.fA.(young)Ch.f. 694,5. P.p. 395. Oblong, inclining to oval, rather flat, with a rough but not an undulating surface ; under valve not scaly, thin ; beaks terminal ; inside more or less rosy, not pearly. H...2. Guernsey, Torbay, fyc. 122 A. SQUAMULA.ZW. 1161.? Mont. p. 156 fy 561. Dor. Cat. t. 13./.J4. 2W*.D. p. 3. F. p. 395. Turt. B.p. 229. . 18./. 5,6,7. Somewhat orbicular, smooth, transparent, flat or a little tumid about the beaks, thin, brittle ; operculum tendinous, seldom hard at the base, with a testaceous termination, i. Common on old shells. A. UNDULATA. Gmel. 3346. Mont. p. 157. t. 4. /. 6. Pen. 4. p. 233. Dor. Cat. p. 39. t. 11. /. 4. D.^. 289. Turt. D.p. 4.F. ^. 395. 7. 5. #. 10. /. 8,9,10. OSTREA STRIATA. Mont. p. 153. and Supp. 580. Don. t. 45. Rounded or oblong, very variable in figure, sometimes very convex and opaque, often thin, transparent and flat; upper valve furnished with numerous radiating striae which cause the margin to be crenated ; inside rich green with an irre- descent blue border ; perforation large, on one side of it a triangular striated cavity ; the plug terminating in a thin oval layer, strongly striated transversely and crossed by fine longitudinal lines. 1. On old shells and cre- vices of rocks. A. PUNCTATA. Turt. B. p. 232. t. 18. /. 11. F. p. 395. Orbicular, thin, transparent, purplish white, a little truncated at the base ; upper valve convex and 123 covered with numerous raised pustular dots, the under valve flat and marked with concave dots; heaks ter- minal. 1. Teignmouth, fyc. on Crabs, fyc. A. CYLINDRICA. Turt. D.p. 6. Turt. B. p. 232. P.p. 396. A. CYMBIFORMIS. Lin. T. 8. p. 104 t. 3./. 6. Mont Sup.p.64. An. A . PYRIFORMIS. Lam.? Oval, somewhat cylindrically convex and transversely rugged, but often smooth, brownish, narrower towards the beak which curves over the under valve and ends in an obtuse point. i...i. On Fuci and Sertularioe. A. STRIOLATA. Turt. B. p. 233. F. p. 396. Oval, somewhat cylindrically convex and striated lon- gitudinally, with the beak curved backwards. Roots of Fuci. A. ACULEATA. Gmel. 3346. Ch. f. 702. Mont. p. 157. t. 4./. 6. Pen. 4. p. 233. D. p. 288. Turt. D. p. 4.F. p. 396. 7V. B. p. 233- Flat, rounded or oblong, sometimes truncated at the top, brown or whitish, anned with numerous radiating prickly striae on the upper valve. 0,40. Dover, fyc A. FORNICATA. Lam. 6. Turt. B. p. 234. t. 18. /. 1,2,3. F. p. 396. Orbicular or inclining to 124 oblong, irregularly sinuous at the margin on the sides, with numerous extremely fine radiating striae only visible towards the margin, the dorsal portion being sculptured by numerous regular transverse ones ; hinge pointed, terminal ; outside silvery, under the hinge a large hollow vaulted chamber which is much curved on one side and scaly on the outside ; perforation round and nearly closed H. Torbay. A, TUBULARIS. Turt. B. p. 234. .F. p. 396. Orbicular, whitish, with the beaks terminal ; perforation entire all round and produced into a raised cylindrical tube. i. Attached to Fuci. A. CORONATA. Bean in Mag. N. H. 8. p. 564. /. 52. Oval, glossy, pale amber, the upper valve concave, smooth, with rather an undulating surface ; beaks pointed, not terminal, above which are three or four rows of spines the outer extending beyond the shell giving it a coronated appearance ; under valve convex, with an irregular surface and a few indistinct traces of longitudinal striae. .... Scarborough. TRIBE. RUDIST^E. Ligament, if any, undiscovered, or represented by a tendinous cord which attaches the shell. 125 GENUS. DISCINA. Inequivalve, rounded ovate, slightly depressed ; valves of equal size and each marked with a central or- bicular disc which in the upper valve is undivided and submammillary in the centre, in the other valve is extremely white and divided by a transverse fissure. D. OSTREOIDES. Lam. F. p. 376. ORBICULA NORVEGICA. (not Lam.) Sow. Lin. T. 13. p. 468. t. 26./.2. Sow, G.f. 3,4,5. Reeve. 1. 126./. 3,4,5. Upper valve brown with fine longitudinal ribs crossed by concentric wrinkles ; margin more or less waved ; inside under the apex with two irregular callous ridges ; under valve white, concentrically wrinkled, a disc round the fissure to which the peduncle adheres.. 0,40... . A Very doubtful native species; on ballast. GENUS. CRANIA. Inequivalve t suborbicular ; lower valve almost flat, pierced internally with three unequal oblique per- forations ; upper valve very convex, strengthened internally with two prominent callosities. C. ROSTRATA. H&ning. Mon. Cran. p. 3. f. 3. Desh. in Lam. l.p. 302. C. PERSONATA. Sow. Lin. T. 13. t. 26. /. 3. Sow. G. f. 1,2. Reeve, t. 128. / 2. PATELLA DISTORTA. Mont. Lin. T. 11. t. 13. 126 /. 5. Ch.f. 687. CRIOPUS ANOMALUS. F. p. 377. Suborbicular, posteriorly retuse ; posterior scars rounded, anterior uniting into one ; beak acute ; disc sinuated; margin anteriorly irregular and thickened, i. Zetland, on submarine stones. TRIBE BRACHIOPODA. Shell bivalve, affixed to marine substances by contact or a tendinous cord. GENUS.- -TEREBRATULA. Oval, inequivalve, fixed by a tendinous pedicle ; the upper valve with the beak produced and perforated or emarginate ; under valve with two elongated . projections issuing from the internal disc, which are sometimes variously branched; hinge with two teeth; ligament internal. T. CRANIUM. Mont, in Lin. T. 11. p. 188.*. 13. /. 2. F. p. 368. Turt. B. p. 236. ANOMIA C. Turt.D.p.6. T. VITREA. Flem. in Edinb. Ency. 7. p. 96. t. 206. /. 2. Oval, ventricose, senntrans- parent, thin, brittle, finely shagreened and slightly wrinkled concentrically, under a dull white skin milk white, ventral edge slightly truncated ; the internal pro- jecting processes of the under valve with a lateral ramification issuing from the base on one side. I. Zetland, rare. 127 T. PSITTACEA. Lam. \2.Turt. J?.^.236. F. p. 368. ANOMIA P. Gmel. 3248. Ch. f. 713. D. p. 296. Turt. D. p. 5.f. 42,3,4. Oval convex, blackish horn-color, inflected and smooth at the sides, longitudi- nally striated on the disc ; beak of the upper valve elon- gated, curved and pointed. 1. Trignmouth, excessively rare. T. AURITA. Flem. Phil. Zool. 2. p. 498. t. 4./. 5. F. p. 369. T. COSTATA. Lowe. Zool. J. 2. p. 105. t. 5./. 8,9. Desk. inLam.l.p. 351. Regularly ribbed, the eight ribs on the disc the most distinct and rounded, obsoletely wrinkled concentrically, the lateral ribs indistinct; the larger valve broadest in the middle, semicircular at the margin and narrowed at the apex ; small valve suborbicular; the hinge margin subtrun- cated or rather obtusely angular and having the sides depressed ; inner surface punctated. 0,20.... 0,30. W. Scotland.' CLASS. MOLLUSCA. ORDER. GASTEROPODA. TRIBE. PHYLLIDIAN^. GENUS. CHITON. Shell consisting of eight imbricated testaceous plates, connected by a more or less coriaceous margin. 128 C. FASCICULARIS. Lin. 1105. Lam. 5. Mont. t. 27. f. 5. Dor. Cat. t.l. f. 1. Wood. G C. t. 2./. 6. Turt. D. p. 34. Lam. 5. Oblong, apparently smooth, but when examined with a glass rough like shagreen, except on the elevated dorsal ridge; margin surrounded with eighteen tufts of whitish hairs, one at the junction of each valve and two in front ; dark brown or cinereous. 0,80... 0,40. Common, M argate, Sand- wich, Devonshire. C. MARGINATUS. Pen. 4. p. 71. t. 36. /. 2. D.p. \\.-Mont.p. I. P.p. 289. Wood. G. C. t. 3./. 4. Sow. Conch. Ill.f. 106. to 112. C. CINEREUS. Z. J. 2. p. 99. Wood. G. C. t. 3./. 5. Oval, carinated, elevated, anteriorly widened, minutely granulated, gra- nules not united into a determinate figure; margin also minutely granulated; color various. Extremely common under stones between low and high water mark. Average size, f . C CINEREUS. Lin. 1106.? Mont. p. 3.F. p. 289. Sow. Conch: HI. f. 94. to 98. Slack variety, C. ASELLUS, Lowe. Zool. J. 2. t. 5.f. 3,4. Depressed, subcarinated, minutely granulated ; granulations on the central areas arranged in lines ; margin minutely grained ; color variou?. On stones, fyc. low water mark, not uncommon. i. 129 C* ALBVS. Lin. 1107..? Mont. p. 4. Sow. Conch* lll.f. 99. 99a., 100. Brown variety, ASSELLOIDES, Lowe. Zool. J. 2. t. 5. f. 5. Oval, depressed, subcari- nated, lightly and minutely granulated ; margin scaly, Hare, Oban, fyc. Differs from Marginatus in the large size and regular arrangement of the granules or rather scales of the marginal integument . C. L.EVIS. Mont: p. 2. Lowe. Z. J. 2. t. 5. /. 1. p t 97.__f.^. 290. Sou. Con: lll.f. 101, 1010., 102. C. MARGINATUS. Lin. T. 8. t. I./. 2. Apparently smooth but finely granulated, narrow, carinated ; mar- gin broad, velvety to the eye but really finely reticulated, i. Scotland, rare. C. RUBER. Lin: lW6.?F.p. 289. Sow. Conch. III. f. 103,4. Lowe. Zool. J. 2. t. 5.f. 2. Smooth, usually mottled red, shining ; valves beaked ; margin minutely granular. J. Dorset, Scotland, but very rare, common in Orkney and Zetland. C. LuEViGATUs. Fleming, Edin. Ency. 7. p. 103. F. d. 290. C. LATUS. Lowe. Zool. J. p. 103. t. b.f. 6,7. Sow. Conch. lll.f. 113, 1130. Broad, smooth, subcarinated, the margin smooth ; color white and red, 130 variegated. 0,80. Scotland, not common, Zetland, plentiful. GENUS. PATELLA. Univalve, not spiral, shield-shaped or retire-conic, imperforate t devoid of a marginal fissure, cavity simple ; apex recurved anteriorly. P. VULGATA. Lin. 1258. Lam. 28. Mont. p. 475. D.p. 1032. Dor. Cat. p. 58. t. 23. /. 1,2. List.Ang.p. 195. List. t. 635. f. l.Knorr. 6. t. 27. / 8. SI. t. 48. /. 1. Extremely variable in form being more or less depressed or conic, scutelliform, the apex subcentral and obtuse, various shades of yellowish sea-green, rough with crowded elevated striae and about fourteen but slightly raised subangulated riblets fre- quently marked by a difference of color and scarcely, if at all projecting at the margin ; inside sometimes appearing ladiated. 2i. Common Limpet. P. PECTINATA. Lin. 1259. Born. t. 18. /. 7. Lam. 40. SI. t. 49. /. 5. P. INTORTA. Don. 1. 146. Pen. 4. p. 143. t. 90. f. 148. Mont. Sup. p. 154. F. p. 286. D. p. 1037. Oval, somewhat trans- parent, yellowish brown, with crowded radiating riblets armed with black imbricated scales ; apex much inclined, prominent nearly marginal. I. Anglesea, Devon, Frith of Forth, rare. 131 P. PELLUCIDA. Lin. 1260. D.p. 1042 Lam. 42. r-List. t. 543. /. 27. Pen. 4. p. U3.Born. t. 18: /. 9. Ch. f. 1620. .F. p. 287. Elliptic, smooth, polished, pellucid, olive, with interrupted sky-blue radiating lines ; apex near the margin, often obsolete ; margin entire. Var. (P. L^EVIS. F. p. 287. 1). p. 1043. Pen. 4. p. 144. t. 90. /. 151. List. t. 542. /. 26. P. CffiRULEEA. Mont. Sup. p. 152.) coarser, thicker, ochraceous with azure lines .0,80. The variety is found on the roots, the type, on the leaves of Fuci ; common. P. VIRGINEA. Mutter. Z. Dan. t. 12. /. 2,3. D.p. 1052. F.p. 287. Desk, in Lam. 7. p. 544.Gmel. 3711. p. PARVA. Mont. p. 480. Oval, obtusely conical, small, pink, with numerous reddish radiating lines, smooth, more or less pellucid (becoming by age opaque and of an uniform colour) ; apex obtuse, not central ; margin entire. 0,40... 0,30. On stones near low water mark, not uncommon. P. TESTTJDINALIS. Mutter and Desk, in Lam. P. CLYPEUS. Brown. El. P. CLEALANDI. Sow. Lin. T. 13. p. 621. F. p. 287. Oval, white with red brown or purple spots, faintly striated longitudinally and still more faintly transversely ; summit obtuse, '' 132 lateral, tinged with light purple ; margin entire ; white with a dark brown muscular impression. f * Bang or , fare, Isle of Man. P. PULCHELLA. Forbes in Mag'. Nat. H, 7. p. 59 L f. 61. Ovate, smooth, subpellucid, bluish white with ten or twelve moinliform red rays (becoming by age reddish white and opaque) ; apex acute, submarginaL 0,16.. .0,20. Isle of Man. P. ANCYLOIDES. Forbes, Annals Nat. Hist. 5. p. 108. t. 2./. 16. An. P. GUSSONI. Phillippi. t. 7.f. 7.? Extremely thin, pellucid, rounded, gibbous, white, seeming reticulated when under a lens ; vertex inclining to the margin ; inside bluish white. 0,16. Arrant Wonderfully like a marine Ancylus. TRIBE. SEMIPHILLIDIANA, GENUS.PLEUROBRANCHUS. Dorsal and internal, thin, flat and obliquely ovaL P. PLUMULA. E. p. 291. BULLA. P. Mont. p. 214. via. 2./. 5. (animal) andt. 15. f. $.D.p. 478. Inn. T. 8. p. 123. Ovate-oblong, depressed, pel- lucid, thin, glossy yellowish white tinged with brown at one end, the other minutely convoluted on the back or upper part (the convolution making but one turn) strongly wrinkled concentrically, and marked with two 133 or tjifoe ray-like indentations running from the mafgiii towards the apex ; the pillar lip slightly turned inwards. i...i. Devonshire, fyc. not common. P, MEMBRANACEA. P.p. 291.--LAMELLARIA M. Morit. in Lin. T. II. p. 184. t 12. (f. 3. animal) f. 4; Ovate, excessively thin, flat, with a minute lateral whorl, silvery tinged with pink. 2. English Coast) rare. TRIBE. CALYPTRACIAN^E. Shell always external. GENUS. EMARGINULA. Conical, shield-shaped, the vertex inclined to one side , 4 internal cavity simple ; posterior margin cleft or emarginated. E. FISSURA. Lam. l.F. p. 364. PATELLA F. Lin. 1261. D.p. 1054. Pen. 4. p. 144. t. 90. / 151. List. t. 543. /. 28. Don. t. 3./. 2. Mont. p. 490. Dor. Cat. p. 59. t. 23. /. 4. Conical, white or yellowish with close set prominent radiating ribs, can* cellated in the interstices by transverse striae, pellucid, apex reflected ; margin crenated j slit narrow and long, variety ( ROSE A. Sell in Zool. J. 1. 1. 4 /.I.) apex higher and more recurved; inside rose-colored. i.d.f< E. Coasts, 134 GENUS. F1SSURELLA. Shield-shaped or depressed conical; concave within ; the vertex with an oblong or ovate perforation, destitute of a spire, F. GR^ICA. (of British authors not Lamarc) P.p. 364. PATELLA G. Pen. 4.^. 144. t. 89. /. 153. D.p. 1056. P. RETICULATA, Don. t. 21. /. 3. Elliptic, white, greenish, brownish or white with green rays, with strong narrow unequal radiating ribs, decus- sated by raised concentric coarse wrinkles ; perforation simple, more or less oblong, apex truncated ; inside white or rayed with brown ; the margin waved and crenulated ; young (F. APERTURA. F. p. 364. PATELLA A. Mont. p. 491. t. 13. /. 10.) with a re- flected subspiral apex. 0,43....!. Common on the Kentish Coast. F. NOACHINA. Sow. Conch. II. f. 15. Desk, in Lam. t. 7. p. 604. PATELLA N. Ch. f. 1927,8. D. p. 1055. P. FISSURELLA. Mull. Z. Dan. t. 24. /. 4, 5.6. CEMORIA. FLEMINGII. Leach. Brit. Shells, t. 10. /. 4,5. PUNCTURELLA. Lowe. Z. J. 3. p. 78. Patelliform, conical, whitish, with strong longitudinal ribs; the vertex intorted, a canal becoming broader as it descends runs from the apex and terminates in a per- foration; perforation oblique, produced within as a short vaulted canal, . Argyllshire, very rare. 135 GENUS. PLLEOPSIS. Obliquely conical, anteriorly recurved, the apex nearly spiral ; aperture of a roundish oval ; ante* rior margin the shorter, acute and subsinuated ; the posterior larger and rounded ; an elongated, arcuated t transverse muscular scar under the pos- terior margin. P. UNGARICA. Lam. 1. PATELLA U. Lin. 1259* D. p. 1034. Pew. 4. p. 143. t. 90. /. 147.- Don. t. 21. /. 1. Mont. p. 4$>6.Knorr. 6. t. 16./. 3. Mart.f. 107. CAPULTJS U. SW. SO./. 107. Dow. *. 8./ 1. Mont. p. 283 Lin. T. 8. jp. 151. Dor. Cat. p. 48. . 16. /. 1. F. p. 321. T. TUBERCULATUS. Da Cos. p. 44. . 3. f. 1. Depressed-conical, thickish, with indistinct spiral striae, whitish with confluent pur- plish red radiating streaks ; body whorl somewhat flattened and subtuberculated above, a raised spiral striae near the base of each of the six whorls , base slightly convex, umbilicus large and deep. Breadth, 1 . Common. T. UMBILICATUS. Pen. 4. p. 126. Mont. p. 286. Ch.f. 168o. Da. Cost. t. 3./. 4, Dor. Cat. t. 16./. 7,8. T. CINERARIUS. Don. 3. t. 74., three middle figures. T. OBLIQUATUS. D. p. 779. Strong, depressed, rounded at the top, the apex depressed and not pointed ; volutions five and nearly even, suture fine ; white or greenish with longitudinal purplish waved or ziczac lines and obsolete spiral stria3 ; aper- ture compressed, angulated umbilicus large and per- forated to the apex. &... . On Fuci, near low water mark , very flat when youny. 161 T. CINERARIUS. Lin. 1229. List. t. 641. /. 31. Ch.f. 1686. Don. t. 7 4., upper and lower figures. Pen. 4. p. 127. D. p. TlS.Mont. p. 284. F. p. 322. Lam. 65 .T. LINEATUS. Da Cost. p. 43. t. 3. f, 6. Dor. Cat. p. 43. t. 16. /. 11,2. Conical, spirally striated, cinereous with fine approximate undu- lated brown longitudinally oblique lines ; whorls little elevated, the suture slender; apex rather pointed; mouth angulated; umbilicus small but deep. |...f. Common on Fuci at low water mark. T. TuMiDUs.3fo7tf.jp. 280. t. 10./. 4.- Lin. T. 8. p. 153. Dor. Cat. t. 16. /. 9,10. F. p. 322. T. PETHOLATUS. D. p. 776. Strong, subconical, tumid, with five projecting but not rounded volutions, ashy grey, yellowish (or rarely dark purplish brown) always more or less streaked with fine obscure undulated longitudinal lines, and striated closely delicately and spirally ; apex small but not taper ; suture deep ; body whorl angulated at its lower edge, the base slightly rounded, the umbilicus small and distinct, i. Devon and Dorset. T. PERFORATES. Smith in Wern. Tr. 8. p. 99. t. l.f. 3,4. Subconic, strong, greenish ash with fine obliquely longitudinal reddish brown lines under a thick 162 shagreen like brownish drab epidermis, spirally striated; whorls five, slightly rounded, apex obtuse, base subca- riuated and a little rounded beneath ; aperture subquad- rangular, pearly within; umbilicus small but long, f f. KylesofBute. * * Imperforated. T. CRASSUS. Mont. p. 2&l.Lin. T. 8. p. 154. Dor. Cat. p. 48. 1. 17. /. 3. $?. D.p. 796. TURBO LINEATUS. Da Cos. p. 100. t. 6./. 7. Don. .71. F. p. 323. TR. PUNCTULATA. Blaim. Faun. Franc, t. 11. f. 2. Strong, thick, subconic, whorls five, rounded, the suture small and depressed, apex mode- rately pointed but generally worn ; cinereous or light brown covered with fine close set purplish brown ziczac lines or vice versa; base convex; aperture rounded, pillar lip white, and concave in the middle, in front of which is a blunt tooth ; outer lip acute, edged internally with purplish black ; umbilicus indistinct, if any. 0,80. On rocks about mid-tide, not uncommon. T. GRANULATUS. Born. t. 12. / 9,10. Blain. Fauna. Franc, t. 10. /. 6. Lam. 53. T. PAPILLO- sus. Da Cos. p. 38. t. 3. /. 5,6. Don. 4. t. 127. Dor. Cat. p. 48. t. 16. /. 5,6. JF>.323. D.p. 800. 163 T. TENUIS, Mont. p. 275. 1. 10. /. 3. Conic-orbicu- lar, thin, very oblique, eight scarcely convex whorls adorned with crowded elevated transverse granular striae, pale usually ornamented with reddish chesnut spots ; base large in proportion, convex, its spiral granular striae usually with distinct chesnut dots, imperforate or all but so, aperture large, angular, the nacre brilliant. n. S, Coasts. T. ZIZIPHINUS. Lin. 1231. D. p. 799. Gualt. t. 61. /. C.Mart.f. 1594. List. t. 616. / 1. Knorr. 3. t. 14./ 2. Pen. 4. p. 126. t. 80. /. 103. Da Cos. p. 37. t. 3./. 3,4. Don. t. 52. Mont. p. 274. Dor. Cat. p. 48. t. 16. f. 3,4. F. p. 323. Lam. 46. and T. CONULOIDES.? Lam. 47. Conic, the apex acute, whorls seven or eight, flattened, sepa- rated by a smooth circular ridge, obsoletely striated spirally (often with three spiral smaller raised ridges) livid or reddish with broad vvavy longitudinal darker streaks ; the ridges often articulated ; aperture some- what compressed, angulated, inside pearly; base flattish with circular spotless ridges, imperforated. 1...8. Common. T. EXIGUUS. Mont. p. 277. T. EXASPERATUS. Pen. 4. p. 126, F. p. 323. T. CONULUS. Da Cos. 164 t. 2./. 4. Don. t. S.f. 2.-T. MINUTUS. D. p. 797. An. Mart. 1529.? T.ERYTHROLEUCUS. Lam. 69. Conic, strong, with six volutions wrought with four or five small spiral crenated ridges, and defined by a broad and more elevated ridge finely cut diagonally with striee so as to resemble a twisted cord, the inter- stices finely striated in the same direction ; cinereous brown or purplish, the larger ridge usually red (some- times spotted with white) the pointed apex rich crimson, base imperforate ; aperture angulated, white, not pearly, t . . . i . Sussex and Dorset. T. STRIATUS. Lin. 1230, D. p. 797. Mont. p. 278. F p. 323. T. CONICUS. Don. t. 155./. 1. T. ERYTROLEUCUS. Turt. D. p. 191. Dor. Cat. p. 48. t. 18. f. 2. Conical, the apex acute ; whorls six or seven, flat, scarcely defined, wrought with eight or nine fine spiral ridges intersected by very fine longitu- dinal striae, cinereous with interrupted longitudinal dark purplish brown lines (sometimes dull crimson or purplish with darker lines); aperture angulated, pearly; base flat, with fine circular ridges, imperforated. .... Not common, in Cornwall and Devon. T. MARTINI. Smith, Wern. Tr. t. I. f. 26. p. 99. Conical, citron or flesh-colored streaked with nearly 165 equidistant reddish brown irregularly shaped spots; whorls flat, with five or six minute tuberculated spiral ridges, the lower one the strongest ; apex acute, suture distinct, base imperforate flat, subconcave, with nume- rous concentric tuberculate ridges ; aperture nacreous, compressed. 0,80. Isles of Man, Dublin, fyc. GENUS. TURBO. Conoid or subturrited, the periphery never compressed; aperture entire, rounded, not modified by the penult whorl, the margin disunited above ; pillar arcuated flattened and not truncated at the base, an oper- T. LITTOREUS. Lin. 1232. List. t. 585. /. 43. Lam. 24. D. p. 817. Born. t. 12. /. 13,4. Mart, f. 1852. List. An. p. 162. Mont. p. 301. F. p. 298. Ovate, imperforated, thick, transversely striated, variable in colouring, often yellowish grey often with narrow bands whorls five, the separating line shallow, the whorls, except the [last little convex ; outer lip joining the body at an acute angle ; columella white, throat chocolate brown. Variety scarlet. 0,80. Com- mon Periwinkle. T. PETROUS. F. p. 298. D. p. 820. HELIX P. Mont. p. 403, Strong conical, opaque, purplish brown, 166 nearly smooth, whorls five, the body occupying nearly two-thirds of the shell, apex acute ; aperture lunated, outer lip considerably projecting, piilar lip smooth flat, somewhat spreading and as well as the corneous oper- culum and the interior dark purple, i...^. S. Devon, variety. Blotched or irregularly streaked with white or rufous on the upper part of the body whorl. T. RUDIS. Mont. p. 304. Don. t. 33. f. 3. Lam. 29. F. p. 298. D. p. SlS.-Lin. T.S.p. 159. t. 4. /. 12,3. Dor. Cat. t. IS.f. 6. Ovate, thick, strong, with five ventricose whorls well defined by the suture ; yellowish grey or brown, usually striated transversely ; spire rather prominent and pointed ; aperture subor- bicular, inner lip thick, a little reflected. The very \ young, deep brown and more slender, f . Common. T. TENEBROsus.MbwJ.jp. 303. Turt. D. p. 197. P.p. 298. D. p. 817. Dor. Cat. p. 49. t. 18. f. 15. Strong, short, conic, nearly as broad as long, dark chocolate with five ventricose spires, the body whorl occupying about half the length of the shell, apex obtusely pointed ; aperture suborbicular ; outer lip thin, dark purplish brown within. J. Kent, Dover, not uncommon. 167 * T. FABALIS. Turton. Z. J. 2. p. 366. t. 12. f. 10. F.p. 298. Subglobular, very obtuse, smooth, with three hardly procuced volutions, chesnut with obscure pale bands (often covered with a grey coat which con- ceals the markings and color) ; bands about twelve, apparently interrupted so as to give the surface a chequered appearance; pillar and throat chesnut. 0,09. Scarborough. T. CASTANEA. Gmel.D. p. 836. T. HIPPO- CASTANUM. Lam. T. MAMIMILLATUS. Don. t. 174. F. p. 299. Lin. T. S.p. 166. Mont. Sup.p. 126. Whorls five, slightly rounded, pale chesnut, spirally striated with raised dots, a few ridges of larger ones giving the shell an angulated appearance ; length and breadth subequal ; aperture rounded. 0,80. Stilly Isles. A doubtful native. T. CRASSIOR. Mont. p. 309. and Sup.p. 127. t. 20. /. I. D. d. 820. Lin. T.&.p. 159. Walk. t. 2.f. 34. F.p. 299. T. PALLIDUS. Don. t. 178. f. 4. LACUNA C. Turt. Z. J. 3. p. 192: Conoid, thick, * In all probability the fry of the preceding or of some other species of this genus. 168 opaque, under a pale brown much wrinkled epidermis polished opaque milk white ; whorls tumid and deeply divided, the last siibcarinated at the base ; the outer lip joining the body nearly at right angles i...J. Kent. T. QUADRIFASCIATUS. Mont. p. 328. t. 20. /. 7. F. p. 299. Lin. T. S.p. 167. D. p. 845. LACUNA Q. Turt. in Z. J. 3. p. 191. Conical, spirally striated, glossy, yellowish horn-colored, with four ochraceous bands (sometimes faint and nearly obliterated) the body- whorl slightly carinated at the base ; spire some- what produced ; pillar flattened, with a small groove ending in an umbilicus; operculum membraneeous, smooth, yellowish. 0,30. On sea weeds, a little beyond low water mark, common. T. VINCTUS. Mont. p. 307. t. 20. /. 3. Lin. T. 8. p m 167. D. p. 844. LACUNA V. Turt. in Z. J. S.p. 192. Oblong-conical, smooth, with six rounded whorls and the summit rather obtuse, subpellucid, rufous horn- color with four purplish or chesnut brown bands (which rarely unite into two larger ones) ; aperture subor- bicular, the outer lip very thin, the inner thick, furnished with a narrow channel (which however is 169 more dilated than in the last) terminating in a small umbilicus ; body whorl not carinated. . Devon, on Algce. T ARMATUS. D. p. 829. (young.) T. CALCAR. Mont. Sup. p. 137. t. 29. / 3. Ch. f. 1786,7. DELPHINULA C. F. p. 312. Whorls four, the upper ones depressed and forming a flat summit ; pale pink, round, with large smooth lanceolate spines, radiating in straight lines from the body "and part of the second whorls, about thirteen in number ; base convex, with a central cavity ; aperture orbicular, i. lona. Possibly a young Ruyows. T. DECUSSATUS. Mont. p. 322. t. 12. /. 4. F. p. 299. An T. PELLUCIDUS. Lin. T. 3. p. 66. t. 13./. 33,4.? T. ARENARIA. D. p. 839. Subpellucid, somewhat glossy, white, the apex not very pointed; whorls five, rounded, well defined, strongly striated longitudinally and decussated by extremely fine striae ; aperture suboval, contracted above, outer lip thin, inner lip not spreading. &... 0,0 12. Salcomb Bay, rare. T. MARGARITA. Lowe, in Z. J. 2. p. 107. t. 5.f. I0,ll.F.p. 299. HELIX M. Mont. Sup. p. 143. ~-Wern. Mem. 1, p. 408. t. 8. /. 5, MARGARITA H. 170 VULGARIS. Leach. fide. Sow. in Malac. Maff.~~ Whorls four, rapidly increasing, the body whorl very large, smooth, glossy, greenish, sometimes with one rufous spiral band (when bleached brownish white) ; pillar cavity wide ; rounded, the spire short and blunt ; aper- ture suborbicular, nacreous, outer lip thin' and prowti- nent retrally, where it joins the body nearly at right angles, pillar lip reflected ; operculum finely striated spirally. ,..1. Onfueiynot very itncommon. T. CARNETJS. Lowe, in Z, J* 2. p. 107. t. & /. 12,3. MARGARITA C. Sow. in Malac. Mag. p. 25. Sow. Conch. II. f. 9. Subconical, the spire short, apex elevated and acute ; whorls lour, girt with regular elevated rather distant striae; aperture large, suborbicu- lar, anteriorly subangulated ; umbilicus large and deep, Scotland (Oban.) T. SUBCARINATUS. HELIX S. Mont, p. 438. t. 7./. 9. CINGULA S. ^.305. TROCHUS RUGOSUS, Brown, in Wern. Mem. 2. p. 520. t. 24. /. 5. Sub- pellucid, white, finely striated longitudinally, whorls three, the last large, the others small but little produced and placed somewhat laterally ; body whorl with two spiral ridges at %he base and another near the suture ; umbilicus wide and deep, aperture oval, outer Hp 171 projecting considerably, inner reflected and spreading into a sharp angle elevated on the body whorl. Base 0,010. Devon. T. Nivosus. Mont. p. 326. P.p. 300. Lin. T. 8. p. 163. 'D.p. 889. Smooth, glossy, white, rather slender and tapering to an obtuse point ; whorls five or six, much rounded and deeply divided by the suture ; aperture suboval ; inner lip and columella quite smooth and even ; imperforated. 0,077.... 0,025. S. Devon, very rare. TV NERITOIDES. C7L/.1684. An T. NERITOIDES. Lam. 27.? T. RETTJSUS. Lam. 28. Slain. Faun. Franc, t. 12. /. 6. NERITA LITTORALIS. Lin. 1253. Lut. t. 607. /. 39,40, 41, 42, 44. Lis. An. Ang. t.Z.f. 11, 12, 13. Knorr. 6. t. 23. /. 8. Pen. 4. p. 141.*. 87. /. 143. D.p. 989. JP. p. 318. Da. Cos. f.S.f. 13 to 16. Dora, t. 20. /. 2. Lin. T. 8. t. 6. f. 16. Dor. Cat. p. 57. t: 16./. 15 to 16. and t. 20. /. 2,3. Mont. p. 467. Semiorbicular, thick, strong, smooth, plain light or orange yellow red or brown, sometimes prettily mottled or chequered brown, or yellow and white and rarely banded ; whorls four or five, the body whorl very large, the rest small and lateral (sometimes quite flat, sometimes rather produced) H2. 172 the suture indistinct ; aperture suborbicular, gublunatec^ sometimes inclining to oval, margin thickened within, edge acute, pillar lip somewhat spreading, flattish. Common. GENUS. ODOSTOMIA. FLEMING. Conical, aperture ovate, peristome incomplete above, and furnished with a tooth on the pillar. O. UNIDENTATA. F.p.SW. TURBO U. Mont. p. 324. t. 21. f. 2. VOLUTA U. Lin. T. 8. p. 131. D.p. 508. Conic, strong, smooth, glossy, suhpellucid, white, the apex rather obtuse ; whorls five or six, not much raised ; aperture suboval, outer lip plain ; pillar with one tooth near the middle. 0,20..,. 0,09. Not common, Margate, Salcomb Say. O. PLICATA. F.jp. 310. TURBO P. Mont. p. 325. VOLUTA P.Lin. T. S.p. 131. D.p. 509. Strong, conic, smooth, glossy, subpellucid, white, usually tinged with purple or pink at the tip, with rather an obtuse apex ; whorls five or six, not much raised ; aperture suboval ; outer lip plain ; pillar with one tooth near the middle. 0,20... 0,083. Devon, rare. General appearance of Cina. Ullvae. 0. SPIRALIS. F. p. 310. TURBO S. Mont. p. 322. 173 t. 12./. 9. (Walk t, 2./. 46J VOLUTA S.Lin. T. S.p. 130. D.p. 508. Pellucid, conic, glossy, white ; whorls four or five, nearly flat, the body marked with spiral ridges half way from the base, the rest finely ribbed longitudinally ; suture with a very fine spiral ridge, apex rather obtuse ; aperture suborbicular, pillar lip turning inwards and forming an apparent small denticle or plait which runs spirally some way up the columella. 0,08.. .0,040. Salcomb Bay, Devon. O. INTERSTINCTA. F. p. 310. TURBO I. Adams, in Lin. T. 3. p. 66. t. 13. f. 23,4. Mont. 324. t. 12. /. 10. VOLUTA I. Lin. T.S.p. 131. D.p. 509. Glossy, white, tapering, with five rather flat, but finely ribbed volutions, the suture fine, the apex obtuse ; aper- ture suboval ; pillar lip a little reflected, with a single small tooth. 0,08.. .0,022. Very rare, Devon. O.INSCULPTA. F. p. 310. TURBO I. Mont, p. 129. VOLUTA I. D.p. 509. Subpellucid, white, tapering, the apex obtusely pointed ; whorls six, rounded and regularly striated spirally ; aperture sub ovate ; pillar lip a little reflected, with a small cavity behind. $. Devon, rare. O. SANDVICENSIS. P.p. 310. "The three spired 174 elegantly reticulated Turbo with a xme toothed i>val aperture." From Sandwich, rare. Walk. 15. . 2. /. 55, GENUS. CINGULA. Aperture with the peristome complete, being united above. * Outer lip thickened by a rib. C. CIMEX. F. p. 305. TURBO C. Lin. 1233. Mont. p. 315. Lin. T. S.p. 161. Dor. Cat. p. 49. t. U.f. 69. Don. t. 2.f. 1. T. CANCELLATUS. Da. Cost. p. 104. t. 8. /. 6,9. With four strong, conic, cancellated, white, well defined volutions, the decussa- ting striae so coarse as to cause the interstices to appear deeply punctured ; apex rather obtuse ; aper- ture suboval, margin thick, outer lip crenated internally. ...0,55. Kent, not uncommon, Devon and Cornwall, rare. C. CALATHISCA. F p. 305. TURBO C. Mont. Sup. p. 132. t. 30. /. 5. D. p. 821. Brown, conical ; whorls six, with numerous longitudinal and spiral ribs, the pits fonned by whose intersection are more nume- rous than in the precedhiL$ species, forming eight rows on the body whorl and four in the next, outer lip den- ticulated within, i. Rare, W. Scotland fy England. 175 C. STRIAIUI.A. F. p. 305, TURBO B.. Mont,, p. 306. t. 10. /. 5. D.p. 857,An.Lin. 1238./ lAn. T. 8. p. 172. Dor. Cat. p. 50. t. 14. /. 10. T. CABINATUS. Da. Cott. p. 50. t, 14. / 10.- Whorls four or five, flat above, white (semipellucid when recejit) rather strong, base wrought with fine spiral striae, which towards the upper part rise into three distant elevated membranaceous ridges, the furrows deep and rounded at the bottom ; strongly striated longitudinally from top to base (chiefly conspicuous in the interstices) ; apex not very pointed ; aperture suborbicular, angulated above, marginated. 0,20... 0,1 7. Kent, Cornwall, not common. C, COSTATA. P.p. 305. TURBO C. Adams in Lin. T. 3. p. 65. t. 13./. 13,4. Mont. p. 311.*. 10. /. 6. D.p. SQQ.Lin. T. 8. p. \l.Walk. f. 47. T. CRASSUS. Adams Micr. t. 14./. 20. Strong, subpel- lucid, glossy, white, with four or five much raised and well defined volutions, furnished with strong ribs which terminate on the body whorl in a strong spiral rib, and finely striated transversely (the striae most wn- spicuous in the interstices) ; apex rather obtuse ; aper- ture suborbicular, lip a little expanded, a groove behind it extending behind the pillar to the aperture. 0,20... 0,05. Devon, Dorset, Pembrokeshire, (in drift sand) not uncommon, in Scotland rare. 176 C.PARVA. P.p. 306. Da Cos. p. 104, TURBO P. Mont. p. 310. D. p. 857. (Walk. t. 2./. 43.) Lin. T. 8. p. 171. Dor. Cat. p. 50. t. 19. /. 4. T. LACTEUS. Don. t. 90. T. ^EREUS. Lin. T. 3. p. 66. t. 13. /. 29 and 30. Strong, conical, coarsely ribbed longitudinally, variable in coloring, being glossy white, dark chesnut or pale rufous (somelimes varie- gated, or dark with the ribs white); ribs strong and dis- tant, from nine to eleven on the body whorl ; aperture suborbicular, outer lip strengthened by a rib. . Com- mon in drift sand, Kent, Devon, fyc. fyc. C. MARGINATA. F. p. 306. TURBO M. Mont. Sup. p. \28.-Wern. Mem. 1. p. 406. t. 8. /. 13. T. ARCUATUS. D. p. 859. Subcylindrical, white, stroug, finely striated spirally ; the whorls six, with about as many longitudinal ribs which become obsolete aUhe suture'; aperture patulous. |., breadth f . less. Guernsey and Dunbar, rare. C. CONIFERA. F. p. 306. TURBO C. Mont. p. 314. t. 15. /. 2. D. p. 859. Lin. T. 8. p. 173. Dor. Cat. p. 50. t. 19. /. 6. Strong, taper, white, the apex rather obtuse ; whorls six, each with about twelve longitudinal undulated ribs, interrupted only by a fine suture, the interstices at the top of the whorls 177 formed iiito small cavities (giving the shell a denticu- lated appearance) the rtbs crost by most minute spiral striae ; aperture oval oblique, strongly marginated, pillar lip not reflected. ...0,08. Wey mouth, rare. C. DENTICULATA. F. p. 306, TURBO D. Mont, p. 315. D. p. 859. Lin. T. 8. p. 173. Conic, subpellucid, white, the apex obtuse ; whorls six. each with nine or ten coarse ribs projecting at the top of each spire and forming indentations as in the last ; aperture suborbicular, outer lip thickened by a rib, pillar lip smooth and indented, with one or two small tubercles at the base adjoining the ribs. 0,22... 0,1 1. Weymouth. The ribs are not undulated as in the preceding, but rim obliquely to the left. C. SEMICOSTATA. F. p. 307. TURBO S. Mont. p. 326. and Sup. p. 129. t. 21. f. 5.D. p. S37. Lin. T. 8. p. 162. T. ELEGANS. Lin. T. 3. p. 66. t, 13. f. 31,2. -Short, conic, white, obtusely pointed; whorls four or five, rounded and well defined ; wrought with faint ribs and fine obsolete transverse striae on the body whorl, the ribs not extending to the lower part where the striae are most conspicuous ; aperture subor- bicular, pillar lip slightly reflected. 0,04... 0,08. In U25.?D.p.87l.Don. t.22.f. 2. Dor. Cat. p. 51. t. 15. /. 5, 6, (Da Cos. t. 7. f. 5,6.) List. An. Ang. *. 3./. 8. About sixteen scarcely convex whorls, 189 terminating in a fine point and girt with numerous raised spiial striae, of which three are usually more prominent, reddish or purplish brown (often light and variegated with darker shades) ; aperture orbicular (subquadrangular in the young), outer lip round and thin, pillar lip nearly straight, li. breadth at base I. Devonshire. * T. BICINGULATA. Lam T. EXOLETA. Fl. List, t. 592. /. 60. TURBO CINCTUS. Don. t. 22. Da Cos. t. l.f. 8. Mont. p. 295. Turreted, very finely striated transversely, marbled with brown white and rufous, whorls convex, with two broad prominent rounded transverse belts. 2. Lincolnshire and Lan- cashire, (fide Da Costa.) a doubtful species. T. ELEGANTISSIMA. F.p.303. TURBO E. Mont. p. 298. 1. 10./. 2. D.p.856. Lin. T.8.p.2Q9(Walk. f. 39.) TURBO ACUTUS. Don. t. 179. f. 1. Glossy, semipellucid, white, with from nine to fifteen flat spires well defined by the separating line and terminating in * T Duplicata. (f. p. 308. Lam. 1. Turbo. D of Linnean writers) rests on too doubtful authority as a native species, to be inserted in our catalogue. 190 a fine 1 poitit J with regular equidistant, slightly oblique longitudinal furrows which are moderately deep hut not not so broad as the corresponding ridges; aperture sftb- ofbiealarv a little angulated both above and below, the inner )ip somewhat reflected, i.,.0,06. Kent, Corn- vxdlf Devon, fyc. T. UNICA. F. p. 303. TURBO U. Mont. p. 299. t. \%*/.2D.p. 860. (Walk. f. 40.) Lin. T. S.p. 174. IV ALBIDUS. Adams, t. 14. /. 17. Glossy, pellucid, white, with nine whorls which terminating in a fine point are rounded, separated by a deep suture and wrought with fine longitudinal somewhat undulated ridges or strise,whose interstices are extremely delicately and transversely striated; aperture suborbicular in- clining to oval. 0,20. Sandwich. T. SIMILLIMA. F. p. 303. TURBO S. Mont. Sup* p. 136. D. p. S56.Wern. Mem. \.p. 406. t. S. f. 15. White, slender, with eight slightly elevated whorls adorned with fourteen distant ridges parallel with the axis of trie shell and narrower than the interstices ', aperture subovate. f. Jura. T. NITIDISSIMA. F. p. 304. TURBO N. Mont p. 299. 1. 12. f. 1. With nine extremely slender smooth 191 pellucid white spires, terminating in a fine point; whorls greatly raised and much rounded, suture cfeep; aperture suborhicular, inner lip a little reflected,- &. Falmouth, in sand, very rare. T, INDISTINCTA. F. p. 304. TURBO I. M&rtt. Snp.p. 129. D.p. 860. Glossy brown, with darker spiral bands, the suture deep ; whorls eight, flattened, with numerous waved longitudinal ridges which are wanting on the lower part of the body whorl, where the spiral striae are most conspicuous, these last occupy only the interstices and those but faintly. 0,30,^0^09. Sandwich and Lock Broom, Scotland; rare* T. CARILATULA. F. p. 304. (Walk. t II. f. 44.) T. SUBARCUATUS. Lm. T. 3. p.66^ t. 13. /, 27,8. Whorls seven to ten, bent towards the apex, with nu- merous longitudinal ribs ; aperture contracted and maar- ginated. England^ An, obscure species. T. FULVOCINCTA. Thompson Annals Nat. His. 5. p. 98. With about eleven whorls, transversely ribbed, spirally striated, whitish with a single fulvous band winding round the volutions. Nearly 0,33. Near Ihiblin. 192 ZOOPHAGA. Shell spiral and enveloping ; aperture either canalieu- lated or notched. TRIBE. CANALIFERA. With a longer or shorter canal at the base of the aperture ; the outer lip not changing its form by age. GENUS. CERITHIUM. Turreted ; the aperture oblong, oblique, terminated at its base by a short canal which is either truncated or recurved, never notched; a groove at the upper part of the right lip ; a small horny, orbicular operculum. C. COSTATUM. F. p. 357. STROMBIFORMIS C. Da Cos. p. 118. t. 8. /. 14. STROMBUS C. Don. t. 94. Mont. p. 255. Lin. T. 8. p. 142. Dor. Cat. p. 46. t. 14. /. 14. D. p. 678. Turreted, dark brown, with ten or eleven whorls furnished with numerous fine close-set longitudinal ribs and an elevated spiral line turning round the bottom of each volution and becoming double at the base of the shell ; aperture suborbicular, outer lip a little expanded, inner lip smooth, with a short canal, t. Devon, Cornwall, rare. 193 C. TURBIFORME. F.p. 357. STROMBUST. Mont. Sup. p. 110. t. 30. / 7. S. COSTATUS. var. D.p. 679. Brown, whorls seven, well defined by the suture, destitute of a thread-like spiral line at the base of each, longitudinal ribs about eighteen, base smooth ; aperture suborbicular, outer lip thickened at the margin and a little spreading. i...0,08. Iona,rare. C. TUBERCULARE. MuREX T. Mont. p. 270 and Sup. p. M6.Lin. T. S. p. 150. D. p. 758. TEREBRA T. E.p 346. Whorls nine or ten, slender, taper, tuberculated, chesnut brown, separated by a slight depression, the apex pointed; aperture small, oval, ending in a canal somewhat enclosed by the columella turning inward, i. Drifted sand, Devon and Sand- wich, rare. C. RETICULATUM. MUREX R. Mont. p. 272. D.p. 758. Lin. T. 8. p. 150. Dor. Cat. t. 14./. 13. STROMBIFORMIS R. Da Cos. p. 117. t. S.f. 13. TEREBRA R. E.p. 346. Pale rufous brown, strong, slender and tapering to a very fine point ; whorls eleven or twelve, reticulated by four spiral ridges and some- what oblique longitudinal strias ; suture small and not deep ; aperture oval, angulated above, contracted below into a slight canal ; outer lip thin, base not reticulated. !...!. Common in Cornwall. i 194 C. SUBULATUM. MUREX S. Mont. Sup. p. 115. t. 30. /. 6. D. p. 759. TEREBRA S. P.p. 347. Whorls fifteen, slender, little raised, defined by a pur- plish brown spiral line, with two spiral rows of beads divided by a depressed line, and longitudinally striated ; base smooth, dark brown ; aperture small. Sound of Mull, near Scalasdale, Scotland. C. ADVERSUM. MUREX ADVERSUS. Mont. p. 271. D.p. 758. Lin. T.8.^.151. TURBO RETICULATUS. Don. t. 159. TURBO PERVERSUS. Walk.t. ll./. 48. TEREBRA P. P.p. 347. TURBO PUNCTATUS. Adams. t. 14. /. 121. Turreted, opaque, light brown; whorls ten or eleven, depressed, reversed, tuberculated, tapering to a fine point ; three spiral rows of tubercles on each, the middle one the smaller ; aperture oval, ending in a * To this Genus belongs the Turbo Tubercularis. Pennant. 4. p. 129. t. 82. /. 111., which is the Murex Fustatus of Montague and the Cerithium Granulatum of Lamarc. I have not added it to my catalogue since it is an African shell and rests on very doubtful authority, as a native species. Lister, t. 122. f. 18. is a good representation of it; Maton's M. Fuscatus. is also foreign, and is known as Melania Matoni, Gray. 195 straight canal ; base with two or three smooth spiral ridges . f . . . 0,0 1 1 . Skeerness and Devon . GENUS. PLEUROTOMA. Turreted or Fusiform ; terminating below in a more or less elongated and straight canal ; outer lip with a transverse fissure or notch near the suture. P. GRACILIS. F. p. 354. MUREX G. Mont. p. 267. and Sup. p. 586. t. 16. f. 5.D. p. 742. Lin. T.S.p. \4'3.Dor. Cat. p. 46. t. 14./. 18. M. EMARGINATUS. Don. t. 169. /. 2. Slender, tapering to a fine point, yellowish with lighter and brown bands ; whorls little rounded, with eleven or twelve very convex, obtuse longitudinal ribs interrupted at the suture by a depressed spirally striated space, the spiral stria? at the base strong and rather distant ; aperture oval, canal mo- derately long, rather open. ^...i. Deep water, not vjicommon. P. SINUOSA. F.p. 354. MUREX S. Mont. p. 264. t. 9./ H. Lin. T. 8. p. 145. D.p. 745. Strong, thick, white ; whoris six, tapering to a fine point, little convex, with seven longitudinal, strong, much elevated and arched ribs which do not extend to the fine suture, finely and regularly striated transversely, the striae most conspicuous in the interstices ; aperture narrow and i 2. 196 oblong-oval, canal short and not much contracted, at the upper angle is a deep sinus ; outer lip slightly thickened by a rib. f...|. Weymouth } rare. P. SEPTANGULARIS. Turton. MUREX S. Mont. p. 268. t. 268. t. 9./.5.D0W. t. 179./. 4. D.^.244. Fusus S. F. p. 350. Tnrreted, subfusiform, strong, somewhat glossy, light purplish brown ; whorls seven or eight, smooth, with seven almost uninterrupted obtuse longitudinal ridges, the interstices little concave and broad ; aperture oblong oval, ending in a short canal, outer lip sharp at the edge, thickened at the back, con- tracted and a little indented above, f .... Devon and Cornwall, rare. P. BOOTHII. Fusus B. Smith, in Tr. Wern. 8. t. 1. f. 1. Subfusiform, strong, deep chocolate brown ; apex acute, whorls eight, rounded, closely spirally and strongly striated with numerous slightly oblique longitudinal ribs which do not cross the broad and con- cave suture ; aperture oblong-ovate, smooth, white and furnished with two longitudinal purple belts, pillar lip with a brownish purple spot above ; outer lip thick, flattened on the edge, a slightly rounded sinus above, canal short and wide. 0,69... i. Eothesay Bay. 197 P. LINEARIS. Turton.< MUREX L. Mont. p. 261. t. t. 9./ 4. Lin. T.S.p. 148. D.^. 745. Fusus L. F.p. 350. M. ELEGANS. Don. t. 179. /. 3. Subfu- siform, turreted ; whorls seven or eight, rounded, light brown, with nine or ten ribs crossed by elevated striae or ridges, the summits of which are purplish brown and form fine spiral thread-like lines (the ridges are rarely uniform brown) up to the acute and dark (usually pur- ple) apex ; aperture oval, terminating in a straight canal, outer lip thickened at the back by a rib, inner margin crenated. f...&. Devon and Cornwall. P. CHORDULA. Turton. MUREX C. Turt. D. p. 350. Fusus C. F. p. 350. Conic, brown, a little tapering to a rather obtuse point; whorls five; rounded, the body occupying more than half the length ; spirally striated and adorned with fifteen wire-like contiguous ribs which bend in the middle towards the outer lip ; aperture narrow oval, ending in a short canal ; outer lip thickened externally by a rib. 0,1 7... 0,06. Drifted sand, Dublin Bay. P. TREVELLIANUM. Turton. in Mag. Nat. Hist. 7. p. 350. Macff. Aberd. p. 172 Oval, fusiform, yellowish white, with six or seven volutions which are very closely striated and flattened at their tops ; mouth 198 ovate-oblong, lip thin, canal rather short. Scarborough. Extremely like Fusus Turricula but is more inflated, the strics, twice as many, and has a distinct notch at the upper angle of the outer Up. P. SMITHII. Forbes in Annals Nat. Hist. 5* p. 107. t. 2.f. 14. Fusiform, turreted, when magnified seems most delicately striated, yellowish white with numerous spiral bands of yellowish brown; whorls eight, slightly rounded, slightly angulated above, with twelve strong longitudinal ribs, sutures deep ; aperture oblong lan- ceolate, much shorter than the spire, lip thickened by a rib, canal short and slightly inclined. 0,40. Arran. P. COARCTATA. Forbes Annals Nat. His. 6. t. 2. /. 15. p. 107. Dusky white, with obscure rufous spiral bands, narrow fusiform, strong, spirally striated ; whorls seven, slightly rounded, with seven strong longitudinal ribs ; aperture narrow lanceolate, beak moderate. 0,40. Arran. Narrower than the last, and the mouth and beak longer and much more attenuated. P. DECUSSATA. Macgyl. Alter, p. 172. Elon- gated, fusiform, rather thick, yellowish white, with the spire tapering to a fine point ; suture distinct ; whorls rounded, with longitudinal ribs narrower than their 199 interstices, and numerous spiral thin laminae traversing the interstices and decussating the ribs on which they form small oblong tubercles ; mouth ovate oblong, the canal very oblique and elongated, i. Aberdeen. P. RETICULATA. Brown. Illus. t. 38. /. 43,4. Macgyl. Aber. p. 173. Oblong-fusiform, thin, dull white, with the spire tapering to a rather obtuse point, and somewhat convex in outline, with numerous longi- tudinal narrow ribs dividing on the body (whose breadth is rather less than the length of the spire) into several raised lines, and all reticulated with transverse raised lines; whorls slightly subangulated above, the space between the angle and the distinct suture convex and sloping ; mouth oblong, narrow, deeply sinuated at the suture, lip thin, canal very short. 0,17. ..0,50. Aber- deen, fyc. GENUS. FUSUS. Fusiform or subfusiform, canaliculated at the base, ventricose below or in the middle, without varices ; spire elevated and elongated ; outer lip not notched; pillar smooth ; operculum horny. * Whorh destitute of longitudinal ribs. 200 F. ANTIQUUS. Lotm. 11. F. p. 348. Mac. Ab. p. 168. MUREX A. Lin. 1222. D. p. 724. Mart.f. 1292, and 1294. List. t. 913./. 4. List. An. Aug. t. 3./. i.Don. t. 31. (Da Cos. t. 6./ 4.) Dor. Cat. t. 17. / 4. M. DESPECIUS. Pen. 4. ^. 124. *. 78. Mont. p. 256. Ovate-fusiform, ventricose, whi- tish (reddish when young) faintly striated transversely ; whorls very convex, seven or eight, apex pointed ; aperture suboval, patulous ; outer lip plain, tail short ; inside yellowish. 5. Common. T. CORNEUS. F: p. 348. Mac. Ab. p. 169. MUREX C. Lin. 1224. List. *.913./. 5. List. An. t. 3./. 4. Pen. 4. p. 124. t. 76. /. 99. D. p. 733. Don. .38. Mont. p. 258. Dor. Cat. p. 47. t. 17. f m 5 (Da Cos. t. 6./.5J F. TSLANDICUS. i*m. 15. Fusiform-turreted, strong, white, transversely striated ; whorls rounded, eight, the suture deep ; aperture oblong oval; epidermis brownish. 2. N. Coast, Dorset. F. CARINATUS. Lam. 13. MUREX C. Pen. 4. p. 77. f. 96. Don. t. \9.Turt. D. f. 95. p. 88. F. DESFECTUS. F. p. 348. Strong, oval, dull yellowish white ; whorls seven, the first very inflected and covering more than half the shell, faintly striated transversely, the npper part of each somewhat sloping to the next, 201 thus distinctly defining the whorls ; the four first volu^ lions with two distinct elevated ridges winding round the middle which gradually disappear in the smaller ones; aperture wide oval, ending in a slightly reflected open canal ; inside pale yellowish white, outer lip very thin, inner lip spread . 3. . . 1 , Dublin Bay, rare. F. RETROVERSUS. Fleming in Wern. Mem. 4. p. 498. t. 15 /. 2. P.p. 349. Whorls five, sinistral, transparent, rounded, increasing rapidly (giving the shell a bellied appearance) smooth and glossy; aperture oblong, outer lip joining the body whorl at an acute angle ; pillar straight, slightly scooped out at the apex for the canal, which is shallow regular and short ; lines of growth scarcely perceptible. 0,08. Zetland. * Whorls with longitudinal ribs. F, TURRICOLA. E. p. 349. MUREX T. Mont. p. 262. t. 9./. l.D.p. 744. Lin. T. S.p. 144. Dor. Cat. p: 47. t. 14. /. 15. PLEUR T. Elaine. Faun. Franc. Maeg> p. 171. M. ANGULATUS. Don. t. 156. Turreted, white and somewhat glossy, the apex acute ; whorls seven, tapering, rather depressed, and flat at the top, ribbed longitudinally, striated transversely, i. 3 202 suture strong ; aperture narrow-oblong, ending in a broad canal. ...f. Kent. F. BUCHANENSIS. Macff. Aberd. p. 170. Fusiform, rather tbick, dull grey, the spire tapering to a small nipple-shaped point; whorls six, moderately convex, with prominent obtuse strong ribs (the last with twelve, the two first glossy pale brown and devoid of them) separated by wider concavities and nodulose by the de- cussations of strong spiral dusky raised lines ; suture distinct ; mouth narrow- oblong, nearly half the length of the shell ; canal narrow moderate and straight, lip thickened by a rib and crenated. ...0,08. Aberdeen, Allied to P. bmithii. and F. Linearis. F. PROXIMUS. P.p. 349. MRUEX P. Mont Sup. 118. t. 30./. 8.D. p. 744. White, with longitudinal ribs, the whorls six, slightly compressed, flattened near the deeply dividing suture, destitute of spiral striae ; aperture ovate-oblong, ending in a short canal, which spreads somewhat at the termination ; outer lip remark- ably broad and reflected. 0,80. Dunbar. F. COSTATUS. F. p. 349. MUREX C. Pen. 4. p. 125. Don. t. 9U Mont. p. 265. D. p. 743. Lin. T. S.p. 144. Dor. Cat. p. 46. t. 14. /. 4. 203 BUCCINUM C. Da Cos. p. 128. t. 8. /. 4. Subfusi- form-turreted, variable in color, being chocolate 01* partly mixed with white, yellowish white with fine spiral brown streaks or pale dead uniform white ; whorls six, tapering, with nine elevated longitudinal ribs, otherwise smooth, often glossy ; aperture narrow, canal scarcely contracted and nearly straight ; outer lip usually thick- ened with an external rib, its edge acute ; inner lip but slightly replicated. 0,30... $. S. Wales, Devon, Cornwall. F. ATTENUATES. F. p. 350. MUREX A. Mont. p. 266. t. 9./. 6. Lin. T. 8. p. 143. D. p. 742. Most slenderly fusiform, uniform yellowish white, the suture very fine ; whorls scarcely raised, eight, tapering to a fine point, destitute of striae, with nine equidistant strong longitudinal ribs which are arched or undulated as they rise in the middle of each volution ; aperture narrow, contracting a little at the canal, which is mode rately long and nearly straight ; outer lip thickened at the back by a rib ; inner lip plain, i... 0,014. Devon' shire, very rare, F. NEBULA. F.p. 350. MUREX N. Mont. p. 267. t. 15. /. 6. Lin. T. 8. p. 143. Dor. Cat. p. 46. t. 14. /. 16. D. p. 743. PLEUROTOMA N. Blainv. 204 Faun. Franc. Turreted, subfusiform, variable in colour, yellowish white, purplish brown or rufous, rarely blush colour with the decussated striae white, suture very fine, apex acute ; whorls eight, scarcely elevated between the longitudinal ribs, slightly but elegantly reticulated ; aperture narrow, oblong-oval, ending in a canal turning a little on one side ; outer lip sharp, the inner replicate smooth and glossy. i...0,20. Devon, not common. F. RUFUS. F. p. 350. MUREX R. Mont. p. 263. Lin. T. $.p. 145. D.p. 744. Slenderly fusiform, pale rufous brown or chesnut ; whorls six, tapering, adorned with fifteen or sixteen small longitudinal ribs, striated spirally ; aperture narrow-oblong, ending in a short canal ; outer lip smooth, rarely thickened by a rib, pillar lip smooth. 0,30... f, Margate, Sandwich, Devon, Dorset, Wales. F. MINIMUS. F. p. 350. BUCCINUM M. Mont. p. 247. t. 8. / 2. Lin. T. 8. p, 139. D. p. 639. B. BKUNNEUM. Don. t. 179, /, 2. Turreted, subfusi- form, strong, varying from light to dark chesnut brown, whorls five, with ten much elevated longitudinal ribs decussated by transverse striae ; aperture oval, outer lip twisted internally ; canal short and straight. 0,20,,, 0,10 Devon, rare, 205 F, ACCINCTUS. F.p. 350. MUREX A. Mont. Sup, p: \\.Laskey Wern. Mem. \. p. 402. t. 8. / 14. Yellowish white with an obsolete brown band (con- sisting of four colored lines) on the middle of the body whorl continuing to the apex ; whorls seven, finely striated spirally, adorned with longitudinal ribs which are highest and bent in the middle ; aperture oblong, canal short. i...0,08< Frith of Forth, rare. F. GYRINUS. F.p. 351. MDREX G. Mont. Sup. p. 170. Lackey Wern. Mem. p. 401. t. 8. /. 10. Brown, strong, short, conic, and tumid ; whorls four, with numerous spiral rows of brown tubercles (eight on the body whorl three on the succeeding.) i....J. Frith of Forth. F. PURPUREUS. F t p. 351. MUREX P. Mont. p. 260. t. 9. /. 3. Lin. T. 8.^. 148. D.p. 745. Fusiform, dark purple with sometimes a few spots or blotches of white ; whorls nine or ten, rounded and tapering to an extremely fine point, furnished with nineteen or twenty slightly oblique ribs decussated by numerous sharp elevated ridges which render the shell extremely rough and almost cancellated ; aper- ture narrow, oval, terminating in a straight canal ; outer lip thin, margin white and crenated by the stride; 206 pillar obliquely striated and somewhat tuberculated, t.... Devon, rare. F. MURICATUS. F. p. 351. MUREX M. Mont, p. 262. t. 9./. 2. Lin. T. 8. p. 149. D. p. 746. Fusiform, strong, white or flesh-colored under a red epidermis, the smooth apex acute; whorls seven, tapering, ventricose, seemingly tuberculated from the numerous longitudinal ribs being decussated by the strong ele- vated spiral striae ; aperture oval, terminating in a long slender canal which together rather exceed the length of the shell, outer lip sharp and dentated at the edge, the margin crenulated within. .... Salcomb Bay, Dorset, rare. F. BARVICENSIS. F. p. 351. Johnston in Edinb. Phil. J. 13. p. 221. Ventricose, white; whorls six, armed with longitudinal furbelowed ribs (thirteen on the body whorl) which are continued obliquely across a flattened space at the suture in elevated strise, and ter- minate on the rather long beak, which is slightly ascending and smooth at the extremities; aperture round inclining to oval, with the lips smooth. i...4 Berwick. F. BAMFIUS. F. p. 351. MUREX B. Don. t. 169, 207 /. I. Mont. Sup. p. 117. Lin. T. 8. p. 149. /), p, 742. PLEUROTOMA B. Macg. Aber. p. 171. Whorls six, rounded, white or rufous, with numerous longitudinal plaits which in young shells are raised and sharp especially at the suture, sometimes with indistinct spiral ridges ; aperture rounded, the inner ]ip concave, the outer rounded, base attenuated, canal produced and bent slightly to the left. |...f. Sandy Bays. F. FENESTRATUS. Turton. Mag. Nat. His. 7. Oblong-fusiform, ivory white, with numerous longitu- dinal ribs which are reticulated by transverse striae; volutions eight, swollen; the tail produced, a little turned to the left ; mouth white, smooth ; the tip papil- lary. li...f. Cork. In shape resembling Corneus, but the whorls are much more rounded and deeply divided, the tail not so elongated, the reticulations rather coarse and slightly granular. F. NORWEGICUS. Turton Mag. N.H. 7. STROMBUS N. Ch.f. 1497,8. Gmel. 3520. D. p. 675. Quite smooth, ivory white ; volutions six, rather flat, the lower one ventricose ; aperture twice as long as the rest of the shell and pure white ; outer lip much dilated and smooth on the inner margin, the edge sharp and slightly re- flected; pillar smooth. 5... 2. Scarborough. 208 F. TURTONI. Sean. Mag. N. H.I. p. 493. /. 61. Fusiform, white under a brown epidermis, covered with slightly elevated spiral lines which are broader than the intervening spaces and crossed by numerous lines of growth ; whorls nine, a little elevated in the middle, from which they gradually slope to the separating line ; aper- ture pale violet, ovate, nearly equal in length to the spire ; canal wide and short ; outer lip a little dilated and very thick ; inner lip smooth, glossy and much spread on the pillar. 4i...2. Scarborough. GENUS. PYRULA. Subpyriform, canaliculated at the lose, ventricose above, no varices; spire short, sometimes almost refuse ; pillar smooth ; outer lip not notched. P. CARICA. Lam. 2. F. ^.347. MUREX C. Gmel. 3545. D. p. 722. -Mart. f. 744. # 756,7. Knorr. 1. t. 30./ 1. $-6. t. 27. f. l.Turt. D. p. 86. / 26. Pyramidal, thick, dull reddish grey with a few choco- late brown longitudinal markings near the inner lip, irregularly striated and somewhat scaly lengthways ; about the canal are a few transverse strise, on which there is a broad raised rather oblique rounded protube- rance ; whorls six, hardly raised, armed above with a row of pointed protuberances which on the body whorl become large, triangular and concave, upper whorls 209 finely striated spirally ; mouth equal to four-fifth's" of the shell, triangular, inside polished white, lip broad and thin, 6... 4. N. Ireland, most rare. GENUS. TRICHOTROPIS. SOWERBY. Ovate-fusiform, with the apex pointed ; the aperture ovate, with a short oblique narrow canal, the outer lip thin and denticulated, the inner reflexed but leaving exposed a rather large umbilical groove. 1. UMBILICATUS. Macgy. Aberd. p. 330. Fusus U. Brown in Wern. Mem. 8. p. 98. t.l.f. 2. TR. ACDMINATTJS. Malac. Mag. Annals Nat, H. 8. Ovate-turreted, white or reddish white, with fine deeply impressed oblique striae ; whorls convex, seven, ob- liquely flattened above, longitudinally marked with fine but deep striae and spirally with compressed rounded strong ribs, six or seven on the very large and ventricose body whorl, between each pair of which is a smaller and three small ones near the distinct suture ; spire slender; aperture ovate, broader behind, canal very small and oblique, inner lip reflexed but not concealing the umbilicus from which a groove extends nearly to the canal. 0,58... 1. Aberdeen, fyc. GENUS. MUREX. Oval or oblong, canalicvlated at the base; with external 210 rough, spinous, or tubereulated varices ; aperture rounded or oval ; varices at least three, the lower uniting obliquely with the upper in longitudinal series ; a horny operculum. M. ERINACEUS. Lin. 1216. D. p. 690. Lam. 48. Macgy. Aber. p. 168. Knorr. 4. t. 23. /. 3. Born. t.ll. f. 3,4. Pen. 4. p. 123. t. 76. f. 95. Don. t. 35. Mont. p. 259. Dor. Cat. t. 14. /. 7. (Da Cos. t. 8. /. 7.) TRITON E. F.p. 356. Oval- oblong; rough, strong, angulated, dirty white or brownish, with seven or eight produced and contabulated whorls, the apex pointed ; whorls with six or seven rugged pro- minent varices, crossed by transverse elevated striae, the whole shell (when not worn) imbricated by small arched scales ; aperture oval, canal tubular, outer lip thickened by a rib, inner edge dentated. If... 0,80. Common. TRIBE. ALATA. With a longer or shorter canal at the base of the aper- ture ; outer lip changing its form by age and sinua- ted below. GENUS. ROSTELLAR1A. Fusiform or subturreted, terminating below in a beaked canal ; outer lip dentated or entire, more or less 211 dilated and winged by age and having a sinus con- tiguous to the canal. R. PES. PELECANI. Lam. 5. F. p. 359. Macgy. Aber. p. 173. STROMBUS P. Lin. 1207. D. p. 656. Mart.f. 848,9,0 List. t. 865. /. 20 Knorr.3 . t. 7./. 4. Pew. 4. p. 122. t. 75. /. 94. Don. t. 4. Mont. p. 253. Dor. Cat. p. 46. t. 15. /. 7. APORR- HAIS QUADRIFERUS. Da. Cost, p. 136. /. 7. /. 7. Turreted, reddish grey, with ten ribbed or rather tuber- culated whorls, on the body whorl are two rows of smaller tubercles beneath the larger ones; outer lip much expanded, digitations three, acute, divaricate; basal canal oblique and subfoliated. 1...0,33. Devon, Dorset, Scotland. TRIBE. PURPURIFERA. Base of the aperture with either a short posteriorly ascending canal, or an oblique semi-canaliculated notch, directed backwards. GENUS. CASSIS. Inflated ; aperture longitudinal, narrow, terminated at the base by a short canal, abruptly reflected backwards ; pillar with transverse plaits or wrinkles, outer lip often dentated. C. BILINEATA. Flem. p. 339. BUCCINUM B. 212 Mont. p. 244. B. DECUSSATUM. Pen. 4. t. 79. lower %. B. PORCATUM. Pult.Dor.p. 41. List. t. 998. f. 63. Glossy brown with spiral bands of brown spots ; whorls five or six, the upper part set round with two series of tubercles ; outer lip slightly toothed, pillar lip rugged and granular. 1 to 2. Weymouth, Dunbar, Plymouth Sound, rare. I have copied this description from Fleming as I have never met with an authenti- cated specimen in a British cabinet; he further adds " in the specimen sent me, the whorls have numerous fine waved spiral stria." It is certainly a young shell and not improbably the adult is the common W, Indian Testiculus. GENUS. PURPURA. Ovate, either smooth, tuberculated or angular ; aper- ture dilated, terminating below in an oblique, sub- canaliculated emaraination ; columella flattened, terminating acutely below. P. LAPILLUS. Lam. 30. F.p. 341. Maca. Aber. p. 166. BUCCINUM L. 1202. D. p. 613. Mart./. 1111,2,3,4- and 1128,9. List. t. 965. /. 18,9. Knorr. 6. *.29./. 4. Pen. 4. p. 118. t. 72. f. 89. Don. t. 11. Mont, p. 239.~D0r. Cat. p. 44. t. 15. /. 1,2,3,4,9,12. Da Cos. t. 7.f. 1,2,3,4,9,12. Ovate acute, whitish often banded with brown or yellow, thick, 213 often nearly smooth, often with strong spiral striee and longitudinal fine elevated membranaceous ones; apex small and pointed ; aperture oval, outer lip thick, toothed (but not always) internally. 2 ..1. Extremely common and excessively variable. GENUS. DOLIUM. Thin, ventricose, inflated, usually subglobose, rarely oblong, with transverse belts ; the outer lip denta- ted or crenulated its entire length ; aperture longi- tudinal, emarginated at the base. D. PERDIX. Lam. 7.F. p. 342. BUCCINUM P. Lin. 1197. D.p. 583. Mart. f. 1078. List. t. 984. /. 71. Knorr. 3. t. S.f. I. Mont. p. 244. t. S.f. 5. Dor. Cat. p. 44. t. 15. /. U.Pult. Dor. p. 41. Suboval, with five or six volutions, the body whorl very large and tumid, the others small in proportion, marked with flat transverse ridges which are broader than the interstices, yellowish brown, marbled and spotted with white ; aperture large and oval, the outer lip thin and plain, inner lip a little umbilicated. 1, but the foreign specimens infinitely larger. Weymouth. GENUS. BUCCINUM. Oval, or oval conical; aperture longitudinal, base notched, no canal ; pillar not flattened, turgid above. 214 B. UNDATUM. Lin. 1204. 1). p. 633. -Lam. I. Macgy. Aber.p. \62.-Mart.f. 1206,7,8,9,0. List, t. 962. /. 14,15. Knorr. 4. t. 19. /. I. List. An. Aug. t. 3./. 2,3. Pen. 4. p. 121. /. 90. Mont. p. 237. Don. t. 104. Dor: Co^.^. 45. t. 17. /. 6. (7) Cos. t. 6./. 6.)^.^. 342. Variety, B. STRIA- TUM. Pen. t. 74. f. 91. Reversed variety, Born. t. 9. /. 14,15. Ch. f. 892,3. Variety, with an elevated circular rib at the top of each whorl. B. CARINATUM. Turt. D.p. 13. t. 26. /. 94. F. p. 343. Ovate- conic, ventricose, with seven or eight rounded whorls, whitish, tinged more or less with red yellow or brown, (when young somewhat variegated) transversely grooved and striated, undulately ribbed obliquely coarsely and longitudinally, and decussated by very fine longitudinal striae; aperture white or yellow, smooth within. 31. Common Whelk. B. DONOVAN i. Gray in Beechey Zoology . B. GLA- CIALE. Don. t. 154. (not Lin. nor Lam.) Mont. Sup. p. [Q9.Lin.T.8.p. 136. F.p. 343 .Whorls nine, tapering, obsoletely striated spirally, finely striated lon- gitudinally, white with a reddish tinge, the upper whorls with longitudinal waved furrows, the body whorl with a spiral ridge. 2... 0,84. Zetland and Orkney, very rare. 215 B. HuMpHREYsiANUM.-Bew/eitt Z. J. 1. p. 898. t. 23. An List. t. 963. f. 17. -B. ANGLIC ANUM. P.p. 343. Ovate-conical, thin, horn-colored, with eight convex whorls, closely arid finely striated transversely ; striae slightly waved and crossed by very minute longitu- dinal lines, dirty flesh-colored (the body whorl frequently adorned with three double bands of brown irregularly spotted with white) ; pillar smooth and white ; aperture horn-colored, the lip white, slightly thickened and re- flected at the margin; canal very short with a slight tinge of violet behind it. 2. . . 1 . Cork, rare. B. OVUM. Turton in Z. J. 2. 1. 13./. 9. P.p. 343. Oval, inflated, thin, ivory white, smooth ; whorls six, and tumid, the spire very short in proportion ; outer lip thin and short. 1 1 ... 1 . Plymouth, very rare. B. ACUMINATUM. Brod. in Z. J. 5. p. 44. t. 3.f. 1,2. Conical, subulate, tapering gradually from the angle of the body whorl to the acuminated apex, white or brownish white; whorls ten, tinged with elevated striae, which together with those which are intermediate and less elevated have a granular appearance ; epidermis brown ; mouth milk white with the edge of the tip a little reflected and the pillar strongly marked with one plait in the advanced stage of growth ; basal furrow deep, canal large. 4,70. ... 2. Torquay. 216 B. FUSIFORME. Brod. Z.J.6. t&. f3.pA5 Ovate- oblong, fusiform, white ; whorls seven, ventricose, with numerous longitudinal subgranulo?e ribs, crossed by frequent transverse striae. The ribs cease upon the lower part of the body whorl, leaving the base simply striated transversely; pillar smooth. li...f. Cork, rare. B. LiNEATUM.-Da Cos.. p. 130. t. 8. /. 5.Don. t. 15. Mont. p. 245. Lin. T. S.p. 136. Dor. Cat. p. 45. t. 16. f. 6.D. p. 626. Mart.f. 1186. to 9. F. p. 344. B. PEDICULARE. Lam. 49. Miuute, strong, conic, smooth, with five or six volutions, regu- larly banded with alternate lines of dark chocolate brown and white (sometimes white with the dark lines irregu- lar in their distance) ; apex sharp and pointed ; aper- ture oval, outer lip a little spreading, smooth within. .,.. Dorset, Devon, rare. B. PICTUM. F. p. 344. PURPRA P. Turt. in. Z. J. 2. p. 365. t. 13. /. 8. Oblong- conical, glossy, whitish with ochraceous blotches usually disposed in a reticulated manner ; whorls eight, decussated ; aperture not quite half the length of the shell, outer lip smooth. 0,40.. .0.17. British Channel. B. HEPATICUM. Pult. Dor. p. 41. Mont. t. 243. 217 t. S.f. I. Dor. Cat. p. 44. t. 15. /. 13. Lin. T. 8. p. ISS.^D.p. 605. Oblong-conical, strong, brownish or olive brown, with seven or eight rather tumid, strongly divided whorls, somewhat glossy, with numerous longi- tudinal ribs which near the suture, are so divided by a spiral line or depression as to form small knobs ; a few spiral striae at the base, apex sharp ; outer lip thick, denticulated or striated internally, inner lip with a pad above. 1...&. Rare, Purbeck and Weymouth. B. RETICULATUM. Lin. 1204. D.p. 637. Lam. 14. List. t. 966./. 21. Mart./. 1162,3. Bom. t. g.y. i6._ Pen. 4. p. 122. t. 72. /. 92. Don. t. 76. Mont. p. 240. Dor. Cat. p. 45. t. 15. f. 10. D. p. 637. NASSA R. F p. 340. Oblong-conical, varia- ble in coloring, more or less tinged with ashy brown ; whorls seven or eight, tapering to a point, wrinkled with transverse elevated striae and obtuse broad longitu- dinal ribs ; aperture suboval ; outer lip not margined, denticulated within ; inner lip replicated, glossy white, sometimes faintly crenated. Variety, lip not denticula- ted. Up to H...I. usually !...., very common. B. MACULA. Mont. p. 241. t. 8. /. .Lin. T. 8. p. 138. t. 4./. 4. Dor. at. p. 45 .t. 15. /. 8. D. p t 638. B. MINUTUM. Pen. 4. p. 122. t. 79. 218 B. COCCINELLA. Lam. 45. NASSA INCRASSATA. P.p. 340. Maca. Ab. p. 165. Variety with a varix, TRITONIA VARICOSA. Turt. in Z. J. 2 t. 8. /. 4. Oblong-conical, whorls six or seven, apex pointed ; with longitudinal ribs and transverse striae, variable in colouring, being mottled rufous, brown and white, pale lilac, uniform rufous ; aperture suborbicular ; outer lip gibbous on the back, denticulated within ; inner lip replicated and finely denticulated ; base of the canal with a constant small brown spot. i...i. Common, not unlike the preceding species. B. AMBIGUUM. Pult. Dor. p. 42. Mont. p. 242. t. 9. /. 7. Lin. T. 8. p. 138. t. 4. /. 5. Slain. Faun. Franc, p. 178. Dor. Cat. p. 45. t. IS. f. 19. D. p. 638. NASSA A. F. p. 340. Subconic, short, thick, strong, white; whorls six, finely striated and armed with distant longitudinal ribs which swell into knobs at the sutures ; aperture suborbicular, outer lip thickened by the rib and slightly denticulated, inner lip replicated, with generally two faint distant folds 0,58. ...IK Wey mouth, Portland, Poole, rare. B. CINCTUM. Mont. p. 246. t. 15. / 1. Lin. T. S.p. 139. D.p. 639. Dor. Cat. p. 45. t. 14. /. 17. NassA C. F. p. 340. Oblong-conical, subfusiform 219 white with rufous spiral lines in the middle of each whorl ; whorls six or seven, nearly even, strongly striated transversely at the base, finely and closely ribbed longitudinally and obsoletely striated in the interstices spirally ; apex sharp ; aperture narrow and oval ; outer lip thickened with a broad external rib and denticulated within, at its base near the end is a small rufous spot and another at the upper angle of the aperture, from these two obsolete broken lines gird the base of the shell, i Weymouth, very rare. B. TUBERCULATTJM. Turt. D. p. 16. NASSA T. F.p. 341. Taper, white, but not glossy; whorls six, rounded and well defined, sculptured by numerous strong longitudinal ribs which are crossed by transverse lines, thus seeming tuberculated ; aperture oval, the outer lip thin and toothed within ; the inner lip strongly marked with oblique striae and ending in a short, re- flected, rather cloven canal. 0,60. ..0,16. In sand, Exmouth. TRIBE. COLUMELLARIA. No canal at the base of the aperture, but a subdorsal * Whether to consider the Voluta Hjalina of Mon- tague as a Mitra or as a Buccinum I know not, having 220 notch which is more or less distinct ; pillar furnished with plaits. GENUS. MARGINELLA. Oval-oblong, smooth ; the spire short ; the outer lip margined externally with a varix ; base of the aper- ture slightly emarginated : pillar with nearly equal plaits. M. DONOVANI. Payraudeau. VOLUTA L^vis. Don. t. 165. D.p. 527. Lin. T. 8. p. 133. ERATO L. Reeve, t. 285. /. 3. CYPRJEA VOLUTA. Mont. p. 203. never met with the shell in any cabinet. It is most assuredly not a Cancellaria, which Mr. Fleming (from whose labors I have freely drawn) has considered it I transcribe the description from the Testacca Brittanica, V. HYALINA. Mont. Sup. p. 101. t. 29. /. 5. Pellucid, white, smooth, tapering to an obtuse point, with six flat volutions scarcely denned by the separating line ; body whorl more than half the length of the shell ; the aperture contracted, the base truncated and canalicu- lated ; outer lip smooth ; columella plicated with seven or eight fine thread-like striae that originate from behind the pillar lip, length one quarter of an inch, breadth more than one third its length. Dunbar. 221 t. 6. /. 7. M. VOLUTA. P.p. 335. -Conoid, convo- lute, whitish, polished, strong, smooth ; extreme volu- tions two, very small; aperture linear, both lips denticulated, the inner very faintly, outer lip much thickened and very white; columella subplicated. i. Devon. M. CATENATA. VOLUTA C. Mont. p. 236. t. 6. /. 2. and Sup. p. 104. F. p. 332. Lin. T. S.p. 132. D. p. 527. Oblong-oval, strong, subpellucid, po- lished, white with four bands of articulated opaque white oblong and small rufous spots or streaks; upper volution scarcely defined, the apex indented and invo- luted; aperture the whole length of the shell, linear; outer lip thin but not marginated and obsoletely denti- culated; pillar with strong and two faint folds. .... Cornwall and Guernsey: GENUS. VOLVARIA. Cylindraceous. convolute, the spire scarcely prominent ; aperture narrow, as long as the shell ; one or more plaits on the lower part of the pillar. V. PALLIDA. P.p. 333. VOLUTA P. Lin. 1189. D. p. 527. List. t. 714. / 70. left hand fig. Mont, p. 232. BULLA CYLINDRACEA. Da Cos. t. 2./. 7. B. PALLIDA. Don. t. 66. Smooth, glossy, white, 222 cylindric ; upper volutions extremely small and scarcely defined by the suture, the apex obtuse ; aperture narrow, nearly extending the entire length of the shell and spreading a little at the base ; outer lip thin ; pillar with four strong folds. i . . . i . Tenby, very rare. TRIBE. INVOLUTA. Shell destitute of a canal, but having the base of the aperture effuse or notched and its whorls so com- pressed and convolute that the last almost or entirely conceals the rest. GENUS. OVULA. Turgid, attenuated at each extremity, subacuminated ; margins convolute ; aperture longitudinal, narrow, effuse at the extremities ; pillar lip toothless. Oc PATULA. Sow. in Z. J, 4. p. 161. BULLA P. Pen. 4. p. 117. t. 70. /. 85a.D