807 C5Se G 000 063 405 5 Clerk An Essay upon the ZV. Article of the Treaty of Union esTc THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES E S S A Y UPON XV. Article OF Cl^e Creatp of Mnim. Wherein the DIFFICULTIES That arife upon The Equivalents^ Are fully Cleared and Explained. Priated in the Year M. D C C. V I. X PA C 5^ ^ A N Upon the Fifceenth Article of theTreaty of U AMONGST all the Articles of the Treaty ofVniony there has been none more talked of, and lefs under- ilood, than the Fifteenth^concQvnlng tlie Rife ^Nature,, and Management of the Equivalents; Upon this Subje6V, thofe who defired to be thought very Wife^of deepUnderftanding, and Great reach of Thought, did vent themfelves with a certain Air, as if they pitied the .Credulity and Ignorance of the Contrivers, and fo had Re« xourfe to the ordinary Refuge of dull People, who think they fhow their Wit, by Laughing at what they do not under- Itand. This Paper will unriddle ( I hope) thefe Myfteries, if there, are any V and in order to which, I fhall X2L\iQt\iQ Article by Paragraphs, aud Explain them feparately. The Fifteenth Article,- VAJHereas by the Terms of this Treaty, the Subjefh of Scotland for preferring an Equality of Trade tlrrotighant the united- Kjfjgdomy, will be ly able to fever al Cufloms ami Excifes now pay^ A Able 890211 ( 4 ) ahlein England, which rvill he npplicable ton\irds payment of tht Debts of England contracted before the Vn'ton \ It is agreed ^ that Scothnd JJjj/l have an Equivalent for what the Subjects thereof jhallbejo charged towards Payrnent of the faid Debts of England, in all Particulars whatfuever^ in manner following, viz. For undcrllanding this Paragraph, it is to be obrerved. iwo. That no Communication of the Trade of England can be given to the Subjeds o[ Scotland, unlefs we are fatisfi- cd to pay equal Cuftoms and Duties upon Export and Import. The Kcafon is plain, for othervvife the Merchants reliding in Scotland^ wou'd be put in a Condition to Ruin the whole Ti'^dc o[ England. 2do. That an Equality of Exdfes in both Kingdoms, is as necelTary as an Equality of Cufloms, for not only all immediate Burdens on 7V^^? are to be regarded, but even thefe things vvhicli AffcQ and Influence Trade ; for nothing is more Ob- vious than this, That if we in Scotland be put in a Condition to under-live the Englifh by a great Incquahty on Meat'and Drink, we will be able for the fame Reafons, to under-fell them ; which will be very evident in confidedngthe Expenfe ot Victualling Ships, and Supporting Sailers; for if that can be done with us much Cheaper than in England, there can never enfue a good Harmony between the two Nations in J>oint of Trade. yio. ThsLttho^ a. Federal Vnion Was Praclicable between the two Kingdoms Cas I believe it is Jiot J yet even by that Union, we behoved to undergo the Burden of equal Cu* Itoms and Excifes, otherwife there cou'd be no Communica- tion of Trade. ^to. That a great Part o^ the Englifh Cusloms and Excifes is impofed and appropriated towards Payment of their Debts; fo that the paying of the £»^////^ D^i^//, and the pay- ing of equal Cuftoms and Excifes,are almoil reciprocal Terms ( 1 ) to fignifie one and the fame thing ; or otherwife, that thefe Cuitomsand Excifes payed after the Union, will be appro, priated towards paying our own Debts, which is ftill the lame, as fhall more iully appear hereat'rer. 5/^. That thefe Debts (being after the Union, to be called The Debts ^/Great Britain ) are fo neceffary and inevitable 'Qm'diO.ns on Scot Und^ that neither by an Incorporating or Federal Union with E/^^/^W, can we be free of 'em, lince as I laid before, they are included and wrapped up m the very Notion of equal Cuftoms and Excifes. From thefe Politions it follows, That fince under all forts of Union whatfomever, with a Communication of Trade, we muft beSubjeded xo equal Cujioms and Excifes, and that a great Part of thefe is applyed towards Payment of the Debts ^England, therefore in common Juftice, a Provifion be- hoved to be made to Scotland, for re-imburlmg us of what we fhall be charged on the Score of thefe Debts, which by this Article of theTreaty, is called Af^ Ecjuivalent. This Equivalent is fo Contrived and Adjufled, that thereby we cannot properly look on our felves as engaged in the Effglijh Debts, for no Man can be properly faid to pay a Debt for another, when the Money is either advanced beforehand to the Payer, or at furtheft,the next Moment after it is payed out, which fhall hereafter be made very plain. It is needlefsfor any Ferfonto Objed here. That there's no Coherence between the paying of equal Cuf^oms and Excifes, and paying the Debts of £^?g/4«^ ; for that thefe might be payed without our being burdened with thofe, pr troubled with any fuch hard Name as an £^/^/i/4/f;?/-, fincc our Cuflomsand Excifes after the Union, might be applyed either towards the Payment of our own Debts, or for fucli Ends, and Ufes as the Parliament of Scotland fhall appoint. rii ril perhaps y-icid all this, but if the ComnjtJJlo^ters of the Treaty had put Matters onthatFoot, we cau'd had no Pre- tenfion to the ^98085 /. 10 (h./hr/, thdit by xhisAn/cieis to be advanced to S-cotland at che Commencement of the Union, by which means, ws fhould want a Fund or Stock to Trade with, and a. Co7nt0^»icatio» of Trade^ in that cafe, wou'd be hke the giving ;;rMan the Property of a Rich Mine, who wants the Materials and Ability to dig it, for without a ^'tock ot Money put in our Hands, a Communication of Trade can be of very little Ufe to us. By this Article then we are to ftate our felves as engaged in the Engttjh Debts \ and tho^ this may appear to be a Par or dox to fome, yet I incline to be of Opinion, That we have a better hazard to improve a Communication of Trade, by entering into an Union with England^ when that Kingdom is Engaged in Debts, than if it had been free of any. For In. ftance^ If we had entered into an Union with England at the late Revolution^ we could have had no Pretence to entitle us to -a Sum of Money per Jdvance^and fo would have wanted Means, to carry on any valuable Trade. I fhall fay no more upon this Paragraph, only it isevidcnt that we are to have an Equivalent for all Sums v/c fl:;iill be charged with upoirthe Score of the Englijh Debts contracted before the Union, in all Particulars whatloever. V A id Paragraph. That before the Vniofi' of the faid Kjngdoms the Sum of three hundred ninety eight thonj'and and eighty five Pound ten Shillings^ be or anted to Htr ilJaje/lj by the Parliament of England, for the VJes afterjnentici>ied^ being the Equivalent to be anjivered to Scot- land, for fuch Parts of the faid Cufioms and Excijes upon all Ex~ cifeahle Liquors^ with which that KjrJgdom is to be chxrged upon- theVnion^ as will bs applicable to the Payment of the Debts of Eng,', land, according to the ProportionSy which ths prejent Cujhms ifi. Scot- ( 7 ) Scotland he'wg thirty thoufdnd Pounds per Annum, do hearts the Cujloms of Enghnd computed at one Million three hundred jourty one thoufand five hundred and fifty nine Pounds per An- luim, and which the prefent Excifes on Excifeab/e Liquors in Scotland, being thirty three- thoufand and five hundred Pounds per Annum, do hear to the E^xcifes on Excij'eahle Liquors in Hng- IdiVid^ computed at' nine hundred four ty feven thoufand fix hundred and two Pounds per Annum, which Sum of three hundred ninety eight thou/and eighty five Pounds ten fhilltngSy flja/l be due and payable from the timt of the Union* : Before I fay any thing upon the Equivalent granted in this Paragraph, it will be neceflary to take notice, That tho the Debts oi' England will amount to 20 Millions^ yet ^tis plain from the Engliflj ABs of Parliament^ that, there are not above i-] Millions, for which there are any Approp^riations or funds for their Re-payment ; The Reafon of which is either becaufe the Parliament of England did not look upon thefe as jull Debts, or that they might be payed otherways than by Ap- propriations* But whatever is the Reafon whythefe are not provided for, yet 'tis Certain by the Article, That Scotland is ro get an Equivalent for any Parts of the Englifh Debts it fliall be charged with, providing only, thefe were contraded be- fore the Union. In coming to know which, there will be little Myftery ; for neither their Debts, the time of Contrafl:- ing them, nor the Term of their Payment can be huddled up fo, but tlrat any Perfon may know them. As for the Sum of ^98085 lib, 10 fh, ftipulated in this Paragraph^ it. is granted to «Stra^//t;?^ as an £^«/V^/^;f/ for fuch Parts of our prefent Cuftoms and Excifes, as -will be appli- cable towards the Debts of England ; which Conceflipn pro- ceeds upon this Rule, That as the Qufioms ^England being 1541569 lib. per A^ii^^^^y yields fuch Quotas yearly for fa ^h and ( 8 ) MTid fuch hndi ; fbthe prefent Cujhms of Scotland he'ujg ^oooo I. per Annum, rrillyieldfuch and fttch Proportions towards the fame Ends, and tlie like as to the Englifh and Scots Excifes. For Example, As xhQCu^kofUS 0^ England being 134155*9 lib, will yield after the Union. yearly, 1. Towards the Support of the Civil Govern. 7 ^ ^ . mcnt of Great-Britairt 5 ^ ) ? v 4 2. Towards the general Expence of the Nation 015480 5. Towards the Debts of E;;^/.iW,expiring fome ^ in June, fonne m Augufi, fome in September y 982946 1710. y^ 4. Towards the Debts of England, from the '^ Commencement of the Union till the Re- C 079619 mainder of a Term of 99 Years. ^ In full of the faid 1 34 1 5 59 So the Qu^omi o^ Scotland being 50000 lih, will yield yearly as follows. 1. Towards the Civil Government of Britain - - 5669 2. Towards the general Expence of the Nation - 0570 3. Towards the Debts till Se^tembtr 171a - - » - - 21 981 • 4. Towards the Debts appropriated for 99 Years - 01780 In full oi the faid - - 50000 The Excifes oi Scotland and England are Difpofed of, and propoi'tioncd after the fame manner^ viz.. As the Excifes of England being 947602 Itk does yield yearly to the following Ufes, viz,. 1. To* i 9 ) 1. Towards the Civil Government of BnV^/V; 2698^7 2. Towards the general Expenfe of the Nation 085581 3. Towardsthe Debts of £;/g/^^^ till Se^t: 1710 025267 4. Towards the Debts appropriated for 99 years 566917 In fuilof thefaid 947602 So the Excifes of 5^^^/^^ being 33 500 lik will yield to- wards the fame Ufes, as follows. 1. Towards the Civil Government of Britam 9539 2. Towards the general Expenfe of the Nation 5025 3. Towards the Debts of EngUnd^ till Sep. 1710. 089^ 4. Towards the Debts for 99 years 10045 In full of the faid 35500 By thefe Accompts5c(?//rfW contributes yearly towards the Debts o^EngUndy out of its Cuftoms and Excifes together, extending both to the Sum of 63 500 lik as follows. 1. Towards the Civil Government of Britain 15208 2. Towards the general Expenfe ol the Nation 03595 3. Towards the Debts of England till Sep: 1710 22874 4. Towards thefe Debts for theRemainder of 99 years 21823 In full of the faid 63500 From this Accompt, we may obferve, that Scotland does contribute yearly ,from theCommencement of the Union, till June,"..' Juguft Siud September, 1710; the two lafl Articles extending together, to 44690, but that after 6>/r; 1710, we B will ( 10 ; will be only lyablein 21823 lik^ for the remainder of a Term of 99 years, fothat there .will fall at the forefaid Month of September 1710, of our Cuftoms and Excifes together, the 6um of 22874//^: which Sum falling, operates this, that either it will be applycd towards other Ufes, or otherways, that the Debts are paid,for which that Sum was Appropriated,and fo that there will be an Eafe given to the Subjcdis oi'Grea:- BrUam^ in their C///?owj and Excifes; lor at the fame time, there falls of the C«y?£7w/ and £jef//^i of E^jgiind 1068207 lib; per Annum^ which with the fa id Sum that falls in Scotland^ will make an Eafe upon the Subjeds of Great -Britain of 10910S1 iih\ yearly. But if this 6'um be continued after 5«'/'/. 1710, and applycd towards other ufes, asfor Infiance^ to pay other Debts Con- traded before the Union, then there will arife a yearly Equi- valent due to S(:(?/^/4;?^ of 21874 lih\ to beallowed for fo many years, as that Sum is raifed out of the Cajloms and Excijes d'6cotland^ applicable to the Debts of £;?gAu;i. The above-mentioned Sums, out of our Cujloms and Excifes viz, 22874 payable till Sfpt: 1710, and the 2182^ payable for the remainder ofaTerm of 99 years,give rife to thisEqui- valent of 598085 Itk 10 jh: after this manner. The 12874 lib: payable \.\\\?>ept: 1710, being 3 years and 4 Moneths after the c'nion, beginning at the i/? of AX^; next, is valued to be worth 689^ lib', and the 2182^ Irl/-. payable from the Commencement of the Union, for a remainder of a Term of 99 years, is valtied as a Perpetuity at 1 5 years and 5 Moneths Furchafe, which extends to 3291 54///-: lo (h: Thefe Sums, ^'/^. 6895 1 Itb. as the value of the 22874 lib: yearly, and 329154 lib: ioJJj:2iS the value of 11 S13 in Per- petuity, gives the next Sum ot 398085 Jib: lO Jb: mentioned in the Paragraph. Upoa upon tills Sum of 3291 54 hk lo jb: it is to be obferved, imo. That it is only an Equivalent- for Tuch Sums of our prefent Cuftoms and Excifes, as will be applicable towards the Dtbis of England: for if ourCuiloms and Excifes had been higher than at prefent, when the Equivalent was Calculated, in that cafe, a far greater Sum had been due; but this will not at all prejudge S^t'//^/?^, if after the Union thefe Cuftoms and Exciles (hould run higher, for ftill a proportionable Equi- valent will be due, and payable by this Article^ as will be yet more fully cleared. 2^0. That there are noFradions taken notice of, in the Calculation of the Equivalent, made by the Commiffioners of the Treaty, for thefe ( it feems) were always turned over to the Advantage of Scotland, pio. That the greateft part of this Equivalent, which ('as before mentioned ) has its rife from the proportion payable towards the Engliflj Deks, for the remainder of 99 years is valued at 1 5 years &• 3 Months purchafe,becaufe molt of all the Loans that have been made in England, upon, any branch of their Duties or Impofitions, were flill at the fame number of years and Moneths Purchafe. Ha ving now Explained the rife of the Equivalent of 39808 5 lik loflj: it is next to be obferved from the Paragraph, that this Sum is to be granted to Her Majefty by the Parliament of England before the Union, and fo it will be done in this SelTion of that Parliament, It will be needlefs to explain the manner, that the Parlia- ment of England ufes to take, tor raifing fuch like Sums, tor that will appear clearly, from thefeveral jhs of that Parlia^ wenty fince the Revolution; only in a Word, If the Parliament d?/£»^/4;?^,fhouldoutofany unappropriatedFund,fei:tleaSum, little exceeding yearly 26000 L/^: for 99 years,(but Redeem- able by Parliament,) on thefe who fhould Advance the fore- B 2 faid faid ^98085 Ltk joflj: which is the ordinary method, by which Mony is raifed there. I make no doubt, but that Sum would be Advanced to Scotland^ in lefs than 8 Days. I riiould fay little more upon this Paragraph, ifit were not to Anfwer a very common Difficulty made about the getting this Sum paid to us, which is a certain Diffidence and Jea- loufie, that proceeds more from a narrownefs of Soul, thaa any other Reafon; for tho there were Sums promifed to us^ fome years ago, in the time of the Civil Wars, which were never paid; yet that was done only by a Difaffeded Party in E??giMd, to another in Scot/Md, without the Concurrence of the Sovereign?, But this Stipniafiorf, as it proceeds upon a nobler Caufe, viz. A Principle of Jujiice, in not giving us the Burden of Debts we never Contradled, fo it has a more Friendly end in it, which is to put us in a way of Thriving, in order to mutual Support and Afliftance. Befides it is other- ways Secured and Confirmed to us, viz.. not only by an AdI o^thQ Parliament of ErfgUnd, with confent of Her Majeftyj ("which is a furer Fund of Credit,than any this Day in Europe,) butlikeways, by a Fundamental Article of a Solemn Treaty.. A Third Paragraph of the Article. And in regard, that after the VniofjyScotldind becoming ly al?l& to the fame Cujloms a/td Duties pajable on Import and Export, and to the fame Excifes on allexcifahle Liquors as in England, as well upon that Account, as upon the account of the increafe 0} Trade and ' feople,(rvhich will be the happy Corfequence oftheVnion,)the /aid Revenues will much improve beyond the before-mentioned Annual Values thereof, of which no prefent Eftimate can be made : Tet ?ieverthelefs,fortheReafofJ5'foyefaid, there ought to be a. pro- portionable Equivalent anfweredto Scotland. It is agreed, That after the Union, there jh^ll be an Accom^t kept of the faid Duties. mfino tn Scotland,, to the e-nd ft nhty appear what ought to be an *^ fvered. fnrered ^^ Scotland ^ anEquivdent for fuch Froportion of the faid Imreafe^as fball he applicable to thePayment oftheDebts />^/;,it will be fit to knowfor whatUfes theDuties oWjland'Salt are appropriated,what they amount ro in England^ and what in all probability they may amount to in ScotUrid after the Union. IheDuties on Inland-Salt, 1^/2.3 j/^and 4 ^./'frBufhel,areaIl appropriated towards Payment of the Debts of England in this f 17 ) this manner, ii d,per Bufliel, till the lil: of Augufi 1710. 8c the remaining 28 d. fer Bufhel, is granted in perpetuity to- wards the Payment of 2 Millions lent by the EaJl.India. Company of Er^gLwd, at the rate of 8 per Cent yio the Publick; which is redeemable by the Parliament of England^ upon pay- ing the faid principal Sum lent. Thefe Duties in England amount yearly to about / 81659 lib. which by the by I cannot but take notice of, as a very fmallSuni, confidering thelmpofition, and muft necefTarily infer that thefe Duties are uplifted there, with very great Eafes upon the Subjects ; for all this Sum is juft no more than the Duties of 1055954 Bufhels. Now can any Man fup- pofe, that there are no more than fuch a number of Bufloels confumed in England^ when 'tis certain there are as many Families, or rather more? for there cannot well be computed under 1200000 Families, when the Kingdom of England is reckoned 'to contain between 6 and 7 Millions of People. So that by all this it would appear as if one Family with another in England did not confume a Bufhel of Salt ; and that there's no reguard had at all to the Salt, which their Fleets confume. 'Tis true, that the forcfaid Sum of 182659 is indeed exclufive of Draw backs on Salted Fj/Ii exported- but thefe will make no great Odds in the Calculation. Upon the whole, any Body may conclude, one of two, either that thefe Duties are very gently colle£led, or other- ways that the Salt-Mafters are prodigious Gainers by ikaling of a great Part ot their Salt, without paying the Duties, and yet at the fame time felling it to the Subjeds of England as dear as if thef:^ had^ been paid. Now fince the Duties of Salt in Englandy\Q\<\ only fuch a fmall Sum, notwithftanding of their great Fleets and Trade, I think our Duties in Scotland cannot be reckoned after the Vnicn to amount above a tenth Part of that Sum, which will be about 1S266 Per Ann urn- C This C 18 ) This Sum of 1S266 lib. raifed in Scotla',iA upon Sale alter the Union, being applicable towards the Debts of EngUf^d^ there will arife by this Paragraph an Equivalent yearly I0 the Value of that Sum; or, to ipeak more plainly, that indivi- dual Sum of i 82.66 hb. will remain among us ibr the Rcafons mentioned above, and be applyed for the i;res o'iScotiarjd. ■ In this Account there's no regard had to the Duties on Fo- reign Salt in £^^ /.I W, thothefe be very great^ becaufe there is very little imported : And as to what will be confumed iiv Scotlnr?dy there will be Draw-backs allowed proportionable to the Duties paid.. Towards the end ofrhisPiaragi'aph we may obferve, That there's an Account to be kept of the Amount of thefe Duties in Scotland ; which in all probability will be done by fuch as~ Her Majeity flaall appoint, as is provided towards the end of" iht Article, A 5th Paragraph. • And gef7erail)\ that an Equivalent jhall be anfivered to Scot- land, for fuch Farts of the Englifh Debts as Scotland ?nay hcre^ after become Lyable to pay^ by leafon of the Union, other than ■ fuch for which Appropriations have been made by the Parliament in England^ of the Cujioms or other Duties on Export and Import^ ^xcifes on all EAcijeable Liquors or Salty in refpeci ofivhich Debts 'Equivalents are herein before provided. The meaning of all this is, that in regard there are fome 2. or 3 Millions in England, for Payment of which that Parlia^ 7/?£';;/, has made no Appropriations; Therefore, in cafe any fhould hereafter be made, it is provided, That Scotland being_ burthened with a Proportion of thefe, ihould likeways have, an Equivalent, as il there were already Appropriations made- Nov/ fuppofe (as fome of our Parliament were lately a- fraid of) England Oiould continue a Malt-Tax, ( which by. the by is next to- impolTible) yetif it be continued, it can- not be for any other end than to pay their Debts j. ia. which Gafe. ( 19 ) Cafe it willfignifie no more than a Sum raifed for the Ufos 0^ Scof/a/id, fince it will fall under an Equivaiera, So that not one farthing of that Tax (hall go out of the Kingdom ; but if it were not a DigrefFion from the Subjed of this Paper, I couM demonftrate, "that in all humane Frobability, this ik/alt-7ax will never be impofed after the prefent War, unlefs a more dangerous and -expenfive War fliould arife, than what we have feen as yet in our Days:In which Cafe,if ourReligion and Liberties fhall be at the Stake, we muft not only under- go a A/^/^Tii a:, but likewife be refolved to fell our Cloaths for our own Defence and Protection. A Sixth Paragraph. . Jnd as for the Vfes torvhich the [aid Sum of. Three Hundred^ Nlnty Eight Thoufand^ Eighty Five Pounds^ ten Shillings^ to he granted a^s aforefaid, and all other Monies which are to be anjavered or allowed to Scotland, a^ aforefaid. It is agreed, That out of thefaid Sum of three hundred, ninety eight thoufand, eighty five founds, ten fillings, all the Publick Debts of the Kjngdom of Scot. land, and alfo the Capital Stocky or Fund of the African and Indian Company o/'Scotland advanced, together with the Interesi for thefaid Capital Stocky after the Rate of Five Founds per Cent, per Annum from the refpe5live Terms of the Payment there-- offloall be payed : Vpon Payment of which Capital Stock and In- ter efl. It is agreed, the [aid Company be Diffolved and Cfafe -^ And alfo, that from the time of paffing the Aci of Parliament in "Enghnd for raifng the ftid Sum of three hundred, ninety eight thou fund, eighty five pounds, ten jhillings, the faid Company _ jfjall neither Trade, nor grant Licences to Trade, As for the Ufes which this Sum of 398083 1. 10 fli. is to be applyed, *tis to be obferved, that there's a Preference given to the Publick Debts oi Scotland^ and next tO our Indian and African Company, €2 The C 20 ) ^ The Publick Debts o^ScotUnd are computed by the Mi- nutes of theTreaty of Union at 160000 l.yet notwithftanding, they may be made more or lefs, as the Parliament of Scot- land fliall think fit. For I make no Qiieflion, but our Parha- *ment will appoint a Committee to confider what is due to every particularPerfon concerned in thefePublickDebts/o that there will be little Difficulty in making them EffeQual fince thefe Perfons having Right, will become Creditors upon the Publick o^Great'-Britaw. As to the African and Indian Company o^ Scotland, 'tis fti- pulatedby this Paragraph, That upon Payment made of the Money Deburfed by the Adventurers, and the Annualrcnts at the Rate of $ per Cent, that Company fhali be DilTolved, which Payments, ( I fupofe J muft be made according as e- very Adventurer is ftated Debitor oi' Creditor in the Compa- jiy's Books. Upon this Occafion, I fliall take the Liberty to fpeak a little as to this Company, but with great Submiflion to the Opinion of thefe who are better acquainted with its Affairs, than lean pretend to. I am fully perfvvaded, iftheProjeft of Darien lud fucce-,ded, it might have been of confiderable Advantage to this Kingdom ; but as the Company is ftated at this time, it is of very little Ufe, except to ferve for a little Nurcerie ofDifTention between us and our Neighbours. Who doubts but w-c fuffered fomelnjullice in thatAffair from thet'^^g/z/^-'jbut I believe without full Warrants from theirGo- vernment ; yet, 'tis not to be expedled, that the Reprefenta- tives of a Nation muft make publick Satisfaction, tho' they liad all confeiited to the Thing: for in this Cafe, the doing A£Is of Kindnefsin Reparation of Wrongs fuffered, muft be acknowledged as fufficient Satisiadion : And this I take to be one, That they are content to makeup the Company's Lofs, with ready Money per Advance ; whereas otherwife, they ... , r 21 > they miglit Iiavs' allowed ns to pay ourov/n Company from our own Money that fhould arile from time to time, out of our Cnftoms and Excifes. The Gafe then being, thn Day ^^^ is loil, and that no- thing does properly remain oFour Company, butthel^amc, I cannot fee why the Offer made in this Pai^graph fliould not be accepted of, firrce thereby the Adventurers might be put in a Condition to enter upon other Societies of more Gene- ral Advantage : For fince it has been contended by very knowing Merchants in 'En^Und^ that an E^fi-IndU Company is a Prejudice to that Kingdom ; I cannot fee how it fhould abide any Difputein this Poor Country,when the chief Trade wou'd be to fend out our Money for a Return in Babies^ or at beft fome Calicoes, to the Difcouragement of our Linnen Manufactures. lam not aSrranger to the Difputes on this Head, however, I fhail let them tall, only with this Re7%'ark, That thefe who pretend that the Company fhall fland, and after the Union, Trade upon the Foot of the Uafi-i^idia Qoni' f any in England^ do not underftand well the Advantages of that Company, for if we will believe fome knowing Mer- chants in LWc/?, they alTert, That fince the late Additional Duties of 15 pr Cenn upon all Indian Commodities, the great Advantage that Company has had, is the 8 per Cent yearly for Two Millions lent to the' Government for carrying on the War, and for which 2 Millions it poIIeiTcs thegreateft part of the Duties on Salt, From the laft part of this Paragraph, 'tis to be Obferved, That our Company, after the pading the A^ in England for raihng the Sum abov6-mcntioned, fhall (neither Trade, nor grant Licences to Trade, wherein there's very little Dif- ficulty, for a Sum appointed to be raifed by an A61 of Parlia- ment in England^ has alwife been look'd upon as fo much Money ready payed. As ( ^2 ) As for the payment of this Sum to the feveral Perfons who will have Right thereto, I make no doubt, but that Matter will be fo ordered,as that no Perfon fhall be put to theTroubIc of feeking their feveral Proportions at Londoyr, for this were to leflen infinitely the Conceffion, and be very unfuitable to the Wifdom and Juftice of a Parliament of Grea-Byiuin ; which, as it is not to be fuppofed by any Perfon, fo it will Anfwerfome little Scruples that may arife upon the Para- graph. A Seventh Paragraph. And as to the Overplus of thu faid Sum of three hundred^ ninety eight thotifand^ and eighty five pounds^ tenjhilUngs^ after the Pay- TKent of thejaid Capital Stock and Interefi^ and alfo the whole In- due upon account of the improvement thereof in Scotland after the fiid term ; And alfo as to all other Sums^ which according to the Ai^yeements aforefaid^ maj become payable to Scotland by way of liquivalentf for what that Kjngdom fljall hereafter become lyable towards Payment of the Debts of England. It is agreed, That the fame be apply ed in manner following^ viz. That out of the fame, what Confiderationjhall be found neceffary to be had for any Loffes which Private Perfons may fuflain., by reducing the Coin of Scot- land to the Standard and Value of the Coin of England, may be wade good ^ and afterwards the fame fhall be wholly appl\ed towards encouraging and promoting the Fijheries^ and fuch other Manu^ factories and Improvements in Scotland, as may mofl conduce to the General Good of the united Kjngdom. I come now to fpcak of the Ufes and Ends for which the Superplus of the 398085 1. 10 fh. and all the Increafe of the Cuflomsand Excifesof Scotland, fhall be applyed during the ([vi\SevenTearsohhQ Union j as hkewife of what may arife from ( i? ) from other Duties in ScotUnd during that time, which are applicable towards the Debts of ^ngUnd, The Extent of thefe in ScotUnd during the laid SeveaYeafs will be as follows. Yearly, The Annual Increafe of the Cufi-oms of ^cot- landy upon a Suppofition that they will a- 50000 mount to 80000 \.^er annum. The Annual Increafe of the Excife -,---- 00000 The Duties of Salt, if exa6led - - - ^ - - - 18266 Other Duties, if impofed for payment of Debts 00000 68266- Ihave made no mention of theSuperplus ofthefaid 398084 1. 10 fh, becaufe *tis hard to know what that will be, or if there will be any at all after the Publick Debts due to the Civil Lift and Army, and the Capital Stock ol \\\^ Africm and JW/'//;? Company are payed. After the forefaid Seven Years are elapfed, there will be the following Annual Sums due to Scotland. The Annual Quotd of the Cuftoms applicable \ towards Payment of the Debts 0^ England, j upon a Suppofition that thefe Cuftoms will C 7118: after 7 Years amount to yearly nooool. and will produce according to the Calcula- lations above-mentioned. The Annual Produce of the Excife- - - - - » ooooo> The Annual Produce of the Salt-Duties, com- O puting all that in probability will be con. > 1^266 tinned after 17010. 3 The Produce of other Duties, if impofed towards the Payment o^Engtiflj Debts, In all yearly at a modeft Calculation S9547 AH S 00000 ( ^4 ) .All thefc Sums will be applyed yearly towards the Im- provement 01 Scotla^/d, without computing what will be al- lowed to the Support of our Civil Government, and the Maintenance of our Guards and Garrilons j thefe being to be paid from other Sums and Funds. J have riiown before, That thefe Annual Sums, tho' ap- plicable towards Payment of the Debts of £/;^/4W,cannot be carried out of the Kingdom, wherefore they are to be ap^ plied yearly according to this Paragraph, for the Ufes fol- lowing. 1. That, upon reducing the Coin of Scotland to the Stand- ard and Value of England, fome Confideration fliall be had to the LolTes that private Perfons will fuftain, in whofe hands the Species of Money fhall be found ; for not only -our own and all our Foreign Coin muft be Re^coined, but likev/ays all the Englijh Species of Money now amongft us, will be brought down to the Value they pafs current at in England : But I am almofl perfwaded, that a Sum little exceeding tert thoujand' Pounds will do theBufinefs with all Eafe and Satis- fa£lion imaginable. 2. A Quou of thefe Annual Sums is to be applyed for pro- moting and carrying on our Fiflieries. And ^. For Promoting and Advancing fuch other ManufaQo- ries and Improvements in Scotland SiS may conduce to the ge- neral Behoof of the whole United Kingdom. As for theFiflieries, and particularly that of Herrings, they will bQTreafures to Scotland, which xXiQ World cannot equal ; but in regard we have fuffered our Neighbours the Vuteh to make {o great Advances in that Trade, 'tis fcarcely probable we fhall turn confiderable Fifhers, unlefs aflifted by a Publick Stock, in manner as is mentioned in this Para- graph. ^ris r' 25 ) 'Tis true, an Union with E»gUf7d will infallibly furnilli us with Stocks, fmce the Merchants in that Kingdom are to join us in carrying on that Trade: However, iboie Publick Alfillance will liiU be necelTary. This Reafon alonQ for prcmotwg the Herring Ftfheries ( iho there was no other to move us) ihould induce us to an U- nion with E^g^a^d, for nothing is more certain, than that the E'Jgifsh mull: fall in to this Trade for favlng near 400000 1. that is yearly exported mfpecte and Bills for Naval 6'tores in Sweden and Denm,irk ; and if they do, then the moft imme- diate Advantage will redound lo'Scotla^d^ as was fully repre- fented in a?i Explanation of fome Difficulties tn the Treaty^ publifhm ed for/ie ]vetk\ ago by rvaji of a Letter. But becaufe we have been lb ofc bitten with Projetls, that we are now turned Ia> fidels, and believe nothing, far lefs that of getting English Ailiilance in our Filheries, I fliall give here Ibms Obferves out of Mr. Daver/ant's Difcourles upon the Publick Revenues and Trade of E^^gland, Part 2. from the 1^5 Page and down- wards. From whence we may gather, whether or not what has been faid is probable. * That the Dtdtch Trade into the Sound,^]\ the Eaft Country, * Denmark) Ruffta^ Sweden and Germany^ for near a Million * Sterlin every Year in Fifh. ' That the English Trade to thefe Places in Naval Stores, * of all forts, for 400000 lib. Jier: moft of which isfentoutof * England mfpecie-, there, being little of the Product ofE'/^- * land that the Danes and Swedes will take. ' That 'tis a wonder we fhould negled a Profit lying at * our very Doors, and fuffer our Neighbours to take it up at * fo great Diftance. ' That if a Filhery were brought to Perfe£lion, it would ' employ the Poor, encreafe our Seamen, advance our Expor- D cations '•'' « rations, bring in the Species of Money, or hinder its going * out, and raife the Value of Lands. * That tho both the Vn^^ltsh and Df4tch fhould fifh for Her- Vrings, yet there arc Markets Abroad fufficient ior all. Any whopleafestoread the Difcourfe of the Learned Au- thor, from the Page above cited, may Tee a great deal more; all that 1 Qiall fay further, is, 1 hat tho a Herring-Filliing, Ihould be prejudicial to the feveral Undertakers, yet it will be a very greac National Advainage,tor tho looooo lib: fliould be fpenc yearly in Scotland^ upon taking the Herrings,and on- ly to the Value of 50000///': taken andiixported; yet tis plain that the 1 00000 I'.h: wou'd not be lo(l to Britain^ but on the contrary 5 cooo//i: wou'd be gained, as if fo much Money had been digged h om the Bottom ot the Seas ; upon the whole 'tiS plain, that as there is a necefliry lor the Subjeds of iir/- tAin^ to let about Hei ring-Fifheries, fo when they do it, they will procure in Bartar for their Fifhes, all thcfe Naval Stores, lor which at this time, great Sums of Money are yearly car- lied away. A third Ufe, for which the Sums arifing in Scotland are to be applyed, is, for promoting Manuta61ories and other Im- . trovements. The1e may be various, and of different forts, particularly the b?/prov£r/ients^ fuch as the Building of Docks, Harbours, Villages, Storc-Houfes, &c. For no doubt, the Parliament oUareAt-Britai?/^^ will take great care to have thefe Sums applyed in Scot/a^d, for fuch Uies as may moft tend to the Honour and Interell of the whole JJIa/id. Thei'ums above mentioned, will be continued yearly, and applyed towards the Publick Good of^cof/afjdy fo long a^sthe Debts of B^jgUnd fhall remain unpayed, that give rife to thefe Sums, but when thcfe are over, our Culfoms, Duties and Excifeswill fall, and fo the ^ubjcdsof this part of the Uni- ted < ^7 ) ted Kingdom, will beeafed of what they feem {o much afraid of; but during their continuance,there will be no occalion for us to grudge the Payment, fince in effeft all thefe Burdens will fignifie no more, than if we had Taxed our felves in Sums of Money, to be raifed Jmuallj for the Improvement of 6Vo/« As for the above-mentioned Equivalent of 398085//^: 10 /Z?: no realbnable Man will undervalue it, becaufe it is to be paid back to England in a Term of 15 years and 5 Months, according to the feveral Proportions mentioned at the begin- ning of this Paper, for 'tis a very neceffary Loan of Money, fuitable to the Poverty ofthis Country, and the indifpenfible want of Stocks we \^ under, for enabling us to reap the Ad- vantages of a Communication of Trade. It will be a Sum of Money Honourably and Jullly procured, and is the more valu- able that ir has its rife from our Culioms& Excifes, which by our Law belongs to the Crown, and are at Her MajeJIy\ fole Difpofal, without confent of Parliament^ fo that upon the e- vent of an Union^ we muft owe the Obligation entirely to Her M^ijeji)^ that we get any Equivalent at all; when thefe may be applyed to what Ufes She fhall think fit. Thelaft Paragraph of the Article. And it is agreed, That Her Majejly be impowred to appoint Co'fnn-fiffioners^ ivhojh^/l be accountable to the Parliament of Great Britain/(?r difpofmg the faid Sum of three hundred^ nirtety eight thoufand^eighty Jive pounds, ten shilltng^and all other Monies which shall arije to Scoihnd i^pon the Agreements aforejaid, to the pur^ pofes before-mentioned : Which Commifjioner s shall be impowred to call for /eceiire, and difpofe of thejaid Monies in manner afore^ fitd, and to infpeil the Bojoks. of the , feveral Colle^ors of the fatd Ktvenues^and of all other Duties from rvhence an Equi-ualent may arife ( 28 ) ,^. drife^ /tnd that the CoUeBors and MarJAgers of me ptid Rtvsffftes and Duties he obliged to give to the [aid Commijjiotnrs ]iib\orih'^d Authentick Abbreviates of the Vroduce of Mi Revenues avd Duties anftng tn their refpeclive Diflri^s^ and that thejaid Corn- mf/toners shall have tjieir Office within the limits of Scotland, and shall^infuch Ojjice^keep ^joks containing Accompts of the a- ntount of the Eq-*tiv.tlents,and how the fame shall have beendifpofed of from time to time^which maj be injpe£ledbj-anj of the Subjecls who shall defire the fame. There needs not beany thing faid on this Paragraph, 'tis fo plain of it lei f, and there are fucli ways laid down tor ob- viating Frauds, that there's fcarcely a fliadow for the lead Jcaloufieas to theManagement of the above-mentioned^ums. Wherefore I fliall put an end to thisPaper,hoping that if what isfaid beconfidered, there will very few Difficulties remain upon this Article, which are not fully cleared and explain- ed. FINIS. E R R A T .A Pageio. Line pen. for next read neat. p. 13. 1.284Me<^::^^;-lJ^. 15. 1. n^ 19, and 23, for 71287, read 71283. p. 23 1, 20. for 71 281.* a.. /i28;j, and ir l.ulufor 89547, read 89549,^ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. r I lyos ^ a \'iav ■■-■ M REC'D LD-UP . DEC^ 1 SEP U«85 Form L9-40m-7.'56(C790s4)444 DEC17 198B UNIVERSITY CI^ CALIFORNU LOS ANGELES 3 1158 01137 122! mmmmi