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 HISTORY 
 
 OF ALL 
 
 THE EVENTS AND TRANSACTIONS 
 
 WHICH HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN 
 
 INDIA: 
 
 CONTAINING THE 
 
 NEGOTIATIONS 
 
 OF 
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT, 
 
 RELATIVE TO THE 
 
 GLORIOUS SUCCESS OF THE LATE WAR. 
 
 Addressed to the Honorable Secret Committee of the Honorable CouRl oi- 
 DiRECTons of the East India CompanYj 
 
 BY HIS EXCELLENCY THE MOST NOBLE THE 
 
 MARQUIS OF WELLESLEY, 
 
 GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF INDIA, 
 
 i5fc. ^c. ^c. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 printed for JOHN STOCKDALE, PICCADILLY. 
 
 1805.
 
 T. Gillct, Printer, Salisbury-Siiuare.
 
 ^^s 
 
 ^-1^.-; 
 V^^' 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 I CANNOT feel an apology neceffary for fubmitting any thing to 
 the Britifh Nation with the fignaturc of the noble Author of the fol- 
 lowing Sheets. It would be a refledion on' the National Senfe to 
 luppofe, that the obfervations of a mind fo comprehenfive, and abilities 
 fo tranfcendant, fhould require an apology for being fubmitted to the 
 Public. It is, however, neceflary to account for his Secret Difpatches 
 having obtained this publicity : — It will be in the recolledion of every- 
 one, that his Lordfhip's difpatches fell into the hands of the French go- 
 vernment, by the capture of the Hope Eaft-Indiaman. Why they were 
 not funk, as is ufual on fuch occafions, is, afluredly, a fubjedl proper for 
 the enquiry of higher powers. Napoleon Bonaparte, who has affumcd 
 the government of France, has thought thefe difpatches fufficiently im- 
 portant for publication in the Moniteur, his official paper. They were 
 contained, in fupplementary flieets, to the journal of the 5th June, 
 1805, No. 250; fo that they appear under the great difadvantage of 
 the tranflation of a tranflation. No one, however, who is acquainted 
 with the Marquis Wcllcflcy, or his dicflion, will attribute any defi- 
 ciency, in that refped:, to the noble Governor. I believe I. may claim, 
 the credit of having rendered it faithfully into intelligible Englifh, and 
 beyond that my ambition does not extend. His excellency's former 
 produ^lion, giving an account of the military operations of the 
 Mahratta War 1803, introduced by the moft enlightened ilietch of 
 Indian Hiilory that has ever hitherto appeared, will be abfolutely ne- 
 ceffary in the perufal of this work, which has been printed uniformly 
 with it. It contains alfo the Treaty of Baffcin, upon which tlie whole 
 of the fubfcqucnt difputcs and negotiations are founded, and may be. 

 
 [ Iv ] 
 
 confidered as inferior, in intereft, to no publication that has ever been 
 fubmittcd to gratify public anxiety and information. 
 
 There is a chafm in the following narrative of nearly feven para- 
 graphs, contained in two fheets of his lyordfliip's MS. which were 
 mofl probably mlflaid after they were taken poffeffion of by the French. 
 The lofi does not appear to be of very great moment, except as it leaves 
 a chafm in any narrative by fuch a writer. 
 
 It was the Publiflier's intention to have prefixed a Map of Indoftan, 
 but as it would have occafioned confiderable delay, he relinquifhed it, 
 as far as relates to the prefent occafion. He is, however, preparing 
 a general Map, of fufficient fize for the purpofes of reference ; it will 
 be publiflied in the courfe of the prefent year. He promifes that its 
 accuracy fhall not be inferior to any Map of India, on whatever fcale, 
 which may have preceded it ; and he wifiies particularly to recommend 
 it to the attention of thofe who perufe the following fheets, to which 
 it will form a very delirable and requifite companion. It is not my 
 intention to detain the Reader with any remarks, to which I feel wholly 
 incompetent, upon the policy of the Governor-general's arrangements. 
 They will fpeak for themfelves, for nothing can exceed them in clear- 
 nefs and perfpicuity. Any further obfervation would only tend to 
 delay the confideration of what mufl excite the greateft intereft ; and 
 I fhall, therefore, take my leave, after requefting the Reader's attention 
 to a work which is not unlikely to command it. 
 
 John Joseph Stockdale. 
 
 London, 
 
 22 d Augtiji, 1805.
 
 TO THE HONORABLE 
 
 SECRET COMMITTEE 
 
 OF THE HONORABLE 
 
 COURT OF DIRECTORS. 
 
 Fort William, -[2111 April, 1804. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 THE dlfpatches of the Governor General, and thofe 
 ef the Governor General In council, addreffed to your honorable com- 
 mittee, under date of the 21th December, 1802, and the lOth Febru- 
 ary, IQth April, 20th June, ift Auguft, 25th September, Slfl Odo- 
 ber, and 28th December, 1803, contain a general report of the 
 events which have taken place in the Mahratta Empire, and which 
 brought on the conclufion of a treaty of defenfive alliance between 
 the Britifti government and the Peifhwah. He now, in like manner, 
 tranfmits what has fucceeded that event, and the meafures which have 
 been adopted by the Britifli government for the fecurity and advan- 
 tage of public affairs in all the changes of circumftances which have 
 fubfequently occurred. He acquaints you with the progrefs and bril- 
 liant fuccefs of the war which the Britifh government has been com- 
 pelled to enter into, by the violence, injuftlce, and ambition, of 
 Dowlut-Row-Sclndeah, and the rajah of Berar. 
 
 2. It has been Impoffible to tranfmit to your honorable committee 
 detailed information on the fubjedl of the events which have happened 
 to the clofe of the war, as well as of the tranfadions and operations of 
 the Britifh government, which it was the dut/ of the Governor Ge- 
 
 »
 
 6 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 neral in council to fubmit to your honorable Committee by the moft 
 favorable opportunity ; not only becaufe the urgent and multiplied 
 public affairs have made it impoffible for us to prepare and dlgeft the 
 neceflary papers, but becaufe it was requifite for us to know the refult 
 of the various meafurcs and tranfaftions which were then about to be 
 put in execution, to enable us fully to appreciate their importance, 
 and to explain them fb that they fliould be rendered clear and intelli- 
 gible to your honorable Committee. 
 
 3. The Governor General in council confiders that it now becomes 
 his duty to comprehend, in a regular feries, all the events and tranf- 
 adllons which have occurred in India, together with the meafures and 
 operations of the Britifh government, relative to the glorious fuccefles 
 of the laft war. He at the fame time feels himfelf bound to fubmit 
 to your honorable Committee the details of thofe fucceffes, as they 
 are regiftered in the minutes of government : the Governor General 
 in council confequently has the honor to tranfmit to your honorable 
 Committee the detached feries of the labors which have taken place 
 in the fecrct department, from the 3d February 1803, to the 12th 
 April 1804. 
 
 4. The conclufion of the treaty of defenfive alliance between the 
 Britifh government and his highnefs the Peifhwah muft be confidered 
 as conneded with the primitive caufes of the laft war with the con- 
 federate chiefs of the Mahratta Empire. For this reafon, the Gover- 
 nor General in council thinks it proper to commence his report by a 
 general view of the negotiations and tranfa(ftions whereby this treaty 
 was brought about. 
 
 5. Your honorable Committee is not ignorant of the efforts and the 
 various means which the Governor General<has long employed, under 
 the fundlion and approbation of your honorable Company, to main-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVER.NMENT IN INDIA. 1 
 
 tain the alliance which fubfifted between the honorable Company and 
 the ftate of Poonah, in obtaining the confent of his highnefs the 
 Peiflawah to contract a fubfidiary and defcnfive treaty with the 
 Britidi government. The negotiations of the refidcnt at Poonah on 
 this fubje(fl, have been repeatedly renewed and fufpended, according 
 as the bad ftate of his highnefs's affairs, and a fentiment of jealoufy, 
 worked upon that prince's weak and undecided charadier. 
 
 6. On the 30th November 1801, the Peifhwah, who then exer- 
 cifed an authoritymerely nominal, limited, and precarious, in his ftates, 
 under the afcendancy of his fubjedts, and of the members of his public 
 adminiftration, declared that he would confent to certain fpecific pro- 
 pofitions founded on the bafis of a general defenfive alliance ; but that 
 he had not made up his mind with regard to feveral eflential points 
 contained in the propofitions, which the Governor General had at 
 firft laid before him, fo as to accede to them. 
 
 7. On this occafion the Peifhwah confented to keep up, at his 
 own expenfe, fix battalions of Britifh troops ; provided they were 
 not to remain in his highnefs's ftates, and that they were always 
 ready to march at the requifition of the Peiftiwah. His highnefs 
 further propofed to affign a territory in Indoftan, for the fupport of the 
 auxiliary forces. The propofitions of his highnefs in refpeft to the 
 decifion of exifting differences between his highnefs and the court of 
 Hyderabad, and on the fubjed: of excluding all Frenchmen from 
 his fervice, differ in fbme points from thofe of the Governor 
 General. 
 
 8. The acceptance, refufal, or modification, of thefe propofitions, 
 required the moft mature refledlion, and did not appear to demand an 
 immediate decifion. Th^ Governor General confequently thought 
 that it was material to wait the refult of events in the Mahratta Em- 
 
 B2
 
 8 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 pire, before he came to any final decifion upon the treaty of de- 
 fenfive aUiance with the Peifhwah. 
 
 Q. With this view the Governor General delayed fending his in- 
 ftru<3:ions to the refident atPoonah,on the negotiation inqueftion, until 
 the month of June 1802. The Governor General in council then 
 communicated, to the refident, his final determination with regard to 
 the propofitions of his highnefs the Peifhwah, and furniflied him with 
 detailed infi:ru6lions to regulate his condudl in the negotiation for an 
 alliance between the Britifli government and the flate of the Peifhwah. 
 
 ] In thefe inftruftions the Governor General entered into the 
 detail of all that had pafTed between the Britifh government and the 
 flate of Poonah, examined the conduct: and policy of the latter towards 
 the Britifli government from the arrival of the Governor General in 
 India, and concluded that, from the Peifhwah's general condu6l, his 
 highnefs had not only fliown himfelf uniformly and progreffively jea- 
 lous ot the power of the Britifli nation in India, but even an adlive 
 enemy to its profperity, in the greateft pofTible degree compatible with 
 the fafety of his highnefs's government, and always with that irrefo- 
 lution and timidity which charaderifed it; that, confequently, unlefs 
 the Peifliwah was compelled, by the critical fituation of his affairs, to 
 have recourfe to the protedlion and affiflance of the Company, he 
 could never be engaged to enter into any accommodation, from the 
 fear he had of furnifliing the Britifli government with the means of 
 likewife acquiring an afcendancy over the Mahratta Empire. The 
 Governor General therefore concluded that if the Peifliwah's lafl pro- 
 pofitions were fincerc, they were only fuggefted by the hope of ob- 
 taining the afliflance of the Britifh power to re-eflablifli and maintain 
 his authority, without wifhing to rifk the foundation of that degree 
 of Britifh influence which it was the intfrefl of the government to 
 introduce into the Mahratta flate, for the permanent fecurity of the
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 9 
 
 Company and its allies, and for the general tranquillity of India, as 
 well as for the entire exclufion of the influence of France. 
 
 1 1 . The Governor General in council has therefore deemed it expe 
 dient to confider the propofitions of his highnefs in this point of view ; 
 and the refult of a difcuffion, which he has had on the fubjec^, is, 
 that, in his excellency's opinion, to accede tothePei(hwah's propofitions 
 would be rather prejudicial, than advantageous, to the Britifli intereft 
 in India : thus the Governor General has determined to reje£t the 
 propofitions, fuch as they were, of the Peifhwah. 
 
 12. Certain confiderations, however, relative to the ftate of affairs 
 in Europe and India, difpofe the Governor General in council to relax 
 from the conditions which his excellency had hitherto confidered and 
 declared indifpenfable to the conclufion of any fubfidiary and defenfive 
 treaty with the Peifliwah, rather than abandon the hope of eftablifhing 
 a clofer connection with the flate of Poonah. The Governor General 
 refolved, in confequence, to acquiefce in the reftricflion propofed by 
 the Peifliwah, in regard to auxiliary forces, provided that the Peifti- 
 wah would confent to furnifh the fubfidy in a manner more advanta- 
 geous to our views and interefls than an aflignmcnt of territory in 
 Indoflan would have been, againft which the Governor General had, 
 at that time, every kind of objedion to make. 
 
 « 
 
 13. The rcfident at Poonah was charged to renew the negotiation 
 with his highnefs the Peifliwah, on the bafis of the foregoing obfer- 
 vations, for the purpofe of concluding a treaty, fubfidiary and defen- 
 five ; but, at the fame time, to ufe every effort to bring it about on 
 the conditions originally propofed, by the Governor General, to his 
 highnefs, and not to accede to any others lefs beneficial, until he 
 favv that there was no hope that the Peifliwah would enter into the 
 firft propofition of the Governor General.
 
 10 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 14. In the conflitutions of the 23d June 1802, No. gs, will be 
 found regiftered the inftruftions, a copy of which was comprifed in 
 the feparate difpatch from the Governor General to your honorable 
 Committee, dated tHe 24th December, 1802. 
 
 15. After having received thofe inflrudions at the end of July, 
 the refident made known to the Peilliwah, that the final determina- 
 tion of the Governor General upon the propofitions communicated 
 to the Britifli government in the month of November preceding, 
 had come to his hands. 
 
 16. This information was received by the Peiftiwah without his 
 manifefling any defire to know the determination of the Governor 
 Gener.ll, and he deferred to another time the communication which the 
 refident wiflied to make to him. Although Jefwunt-Row-Holkar, 
 at the head of a numerous body of troops, then occupied a formi- 
 dable pofition near Malligong, and had commenced a fyftem of ope- 
 rations which threatened the Peifhwah's power with imminent dan- 
 ger, his highnefs neverthelefs appeared in no wife difpofed to make a 
 clofer alliance with the British government. This circumftance 
 may be, in fome refpeds, attributed to the councils of Scindeah and 
 the rajah of Berar ; whofe vakeels ferioufly diffuaded his highnefs 
 from forming a more immediate alliance with the Britifli govern- 
 ment, and affured him of protedion by the combined arms of thofe 
 chiefs, and of the rainy feafon, which would not yet permit Holkar 
 to undertake any important operation. 
 
 17. Notwithftanding, on the ift Auguft:, Ruggonaut-Row, one of 
 the Peifliwah's mlnifters, waited upon the refident to make himfelf 
 acquainted with what the latter was charged to communicate, on 
 the means of cftablifliing a more intimate alliance between the two 
 dates. The refident began his conference by faying that the Gover.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 11 
 
 nor General was furprifcd that the Peifliwah would not accede to the 
 conditions which had been propofed to his highncfs ; conditions 
 fraught with generofity, and dictated by the defire of confolldating 
 the exifting connexion between the two ftates : the refident added, 
 that the Governor General had taken into confideration his high- 
 nefs's propofals on the fubjedl of a defenfive alliance, agreeably to the 
 communication made to the late refident Colonel Palmer, in the 
 month of November 1801, and had defired the acHiual refident to ac- 
 quaint his highnefs the Peifhwah with the final fentiments of the 
 Governor General in regard to thole propofitions. 
 
 1 8. The refident further informed the minifler, that the Governor 
 General was perfectly of opinion, that the principles on which the 
 defenfive alliance with the ftate of Hyderabad was concluded, would 
 form the moft defirable bafis of that which it was the intention of 
 the Governor General to make with his highnefs the Peifhwah. The 
 refident afterwards fpecified the number of troops which his highnefs 
 muft engage to have conftantly ready, and v/hich the Governor Ge- 
 neral had judged necefiary to attain the objeA of the defenfive al- 
 liance. 
 
 ig. The refident afterwards obferved, relative to the manner of 
 providing for the expences of the auxiliary forces, that the offer 
 which his highnefs the Peifliwah had made, to appropriate fuch a 
 territory of Indoitan as would produce an annual revenue of 25 lacks, 
 was abfblutely inadmiffible ; but he propofed the affignment of a 
 territory northward of the Kokum, or on the fouthern frontiers which 
 border on Tungbuddra. 
 
 20. The refident added, that as the offer of his highnefs could not 
 be accepted, it became abfolutcly requifite that his highnefs fliould 
 accede to this modification, before h* made any communication of
 
 .1!2 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 the determination of the Governor General on the other articles con- 
 tained in the Peifhwah's propofitions. The minifter, however, in- 
 fifted on the neceflity of the previous communication of the fenti- 
 ments anl refolutions of the Governor General in refpedl to all the 
 articles contained in the propofed arrangement ; and, after fome dlf- 
 cuffion on this point, the refident acceded to the minifter's defire, and 
 informed him of the firft article, obferving that the Governor Ge- 
 neral was difpofed to relax from his firft demand of the entire exclu- 
 fion of all Europeans from the Peifliwah's fervice, confining it to that 
 of the fubjeds of all European ftatcs at -war with the Britifh govern- 
 ment. 
 
 21. The refident gave the minifter to underftand, that the Gover- 
 nor General was firmly of opinion that the article concerning the 
 change of the chout of Surat was equally to the intereft of either 
 party, and confequently that article might be concluded : that in 
 regard to article 0, whereby the rajah of Berar was left at liberty to 
 become a party in the defenfive alHance; his highnefs having fliown 
 fome difinclination thereto, the Governor General would confent to 
 withdraw it. 
 
 22. The minifter, in his anfwer to the refident, alluded to two 
 other articles relating to the permanency of the auxiliary forces in 
 his highnefs's ftates, and to the decifion of the differences betwixt 
 his highnefs the Peifliwah, the Nizam, &c. After having noticed 
 the rcfident's explanations on the fubjedl of every article, he with- 
 drew. 
 
 23. Thcfe explanations were communicated (2lft February 1803, 
 No. 20.) to the Peifliwah; who, it is faid, had repeated conferences 
 with his minifters, during which the propofed defenfive alliance was 
 amply difcuffed : but the information obtained by the refident, in
 
 i-HE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. l.i 
 
 regard to the real fentiments and refolutions of the Pelfliwah, juftificd 
 the opinion of the idea which his highneft was fuppofed to have, of 
 not wifliing to contradl: any alliance with the Britifli government, fo 
 long as the leaft hope remained of his being able to avert the danger 
 w hich menaced his government by the operations of Jefwunt-Row- 
 Holkar. 
 
 24. The troops of Jefwunt-Row-Holkar were reinforced on the 
 north bank of the river Bheema, and his highnefs the Peifliwah relied 
 wholly on the detachment of Scindeah's troops ported Ibuthward of 
 the river Japtee to oppofe the projects of Jefwunt-llow-Holkar. The 
 only forces of the Peifhwah which were at this jundlure aflembled 
 for the protection of his highnefs, confifted of a detachment of 
 -1000 cavalry and 1000 infantry, ported at Gardoon, on the river 
 Bheema ; and the refufal or the impoflibility on his highnefs's part to 
 advance the neceflary funds, prevented the augmentation of his 
 forces, which were thereby reduced to abfolute inadivity ; but the 
 troops of Futteh-Sing-Mannia, an officer commanding a conllderable 
 part of the army of Jefwunt-Row-Holkar, who occupied a pofition 
 north of the Bheema, attacked thofe of the Peifliwah, and compelled 
 them to retire. His highnefs, owing to the general alarm occafioned 
 by that event, ordered money to be advanced to the different chiefs 
 commanding corps in his fervice, which engaged them to march 
 under the ftandard of the empire, and to join the detachment which 
 had fallen back from Gardoon. 
 
 25. The Peifhwah's aim was to effeft a jundlion of this detach, 
 ment with the troops of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, commanded by 
 Suddaftier, then ftationed in the province of Candeifh, at fome dif- 
 tance to the fouth of Japtee. His highnefs hoped that thefe com- 
 bined troops, joined to thofe which he expe<R:ed from the fouth, 
 would be fufficiently rtrong to repulfe the enemy;
 
 1* HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 26. On the 30th Auguft (confultation 21 ft February, No. 28.) 
 the refident was admitted to a conference with his highnefs the 
 Peifiiwah on the fubjed; of the propofitions which had been commu- 
 nicated to him on the part of the refident through his highnefs's 
 minifter. From the refult of this conference, a detail of which is 
 inferted in the paper noted in the margin, it was obvious that the 
 Peifiiwah was defirous of preferving the amity of the Brltifli govern- 
 ment, but refufed his confent to a defenfive alliance upon the 
 terms propofed by the refident ; and that his highnefs's objedl was to 
 prolong the negotiation, fo as to be at liberty either to accept the 
 aid of the Britifli power, if occafion required it, or to give a de- 
 finitive refufal to the propofed terms of alliance, when the ftability 
 of his highnefs's affairs would appear to render the fuccour of the 
 Britifh power unneceflary. 
 
 2/. Whilft this negotiation was pending at Poonah, Scindeah and 
 Jefwunt-Row-Holkar were getting in readinefs for adive operations, 
 lb foon. as the rainy feafon was over. At the beginning of the month 
 of September, 1 802, Scindeah's troops took pofTeffion of a poft on 
 the northern bank of the Godavery, near Peyton, a town fituated on 
 the frontiers of the Nizam's ftates, and had begun to crofs the river. 
 Jefwunt-Row-Holkar advanced towards Suddafher's army : Bhou de 
 Chandore, Meer-Khan, and Shad-Admed-Khan, who commanded 
 confiderable detachments of the army of Jcfvvunt-Row-Holkar, 
 waited its junction between Ahmednaggur and the Godavery. Fut- 
 teh-Sing-Mannla continued ravaging the Peifhwah's diftridls north 
 of the Bheema, fifty m,iles from Poonah, but the Peiflivvah had 
 thought of no meafures to reinforce the detachment deftlned for the 
 defence of the city. 
 
 28. Notwithftanding this hoftilc ftep of Jefwunt-Row-Holkar, his 
 Tfakecls continued to vifit his highnefs the Peifhwah at his durbar,
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 15 
 
 and, on the part of Jcfwunt-Row-Holkar, to make demands which 
 his highnefs could «ot condcfcend to grant, 
 
 2g. They demanded that Kundeh-Row, fon and heir of the late '^>-W»>v^ 
 Mulhar-Row, the fecond legitimate fon of the late Tuckojee-HolkaT, 
 who was kept in prifon by Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, fliould be fet at 
 liberty and put in pofleffion of his family territories, to the prejudice 
 of Cufhy-Row-Holkar, the eldeft legitimate fon and fucceffor to >-'v8^ 
 Tuckojee-Holkar, and that Jefwunt-Row-Holkar fliould be acknow- 
 ledged guardian and divan of Kundeh-Row. It could not be ex- 
 pedled that Dowlut-Row-Scindcah would accede to fuch Tmjuft and 
 degrading terms, except his affairs were extremely embarrafled, and 
 that the Pcifliwah, fuppofing he were difpofed to concur in thefc 
 arrangements, had fufficient authority over Dovvlut-Row-Scindeah to 
 compel him to accept them. Scindeah's troops, under the com- 
 mand of Suddaflier-Bhow, on which the Peifliwah principally relied 
 to defend his empire againft the violence of Jefwunt-Row-Holkar, ap- 
 peared by no means in a ftate to (tand againft that enterprifing chief; 
 and the Peifliwah was deftitute of military force, energy, and re- 
 fburces, fufficient to repel, effectually, the dangers to which the exift- 
 ence of his authority and his empire feemed expofed. 
 
 30. Thofe dangers incrcafed from day to day. Jefvvunt-Row- 
 Holkar, after having facked the city of Naffich, about the beginning 
 of September, advanced fouth of the Godavery on the road from 
 Poonah. Futteh-Sing-Mannia croffed the river Bheema, and fuc- 
 ceeded in levying contributions in the n<iighbourhood of Punderperen ; 
 at the fame time the condudl ofAmrut-Row, the Peiflivvah's bro- 
 ther, who lived a fliort diftance from Poonah, made his highnefs 
 apprehenfive left his brother might take advantage of the critical 
 fituation of affairs at Poonah, and, owing to the progrefs of Jefvvunt- 
 Row-Holkar's arms, might become favourable to his elevation 
 
 c 2
 
 ]g HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 Suddafher-Bhow, who commanded Sclndeah's troops, continued his 
 march from Bourtranpoon, and arrived at Ahmednaggur without 
 moleftation from the troops of Jefvvunt-Row-Holkar. From this 
 place Suddafher-Bhow apprifed the Peifliwah that he had been or- 
 dered by Scindeah to demand the execution of the arrangements 
 neceflary for the continuance of his march towards Ahmednaggur, 
 and afterwards to incline towards Poonah to affift his highnefs : that 
 he fhould confequently foon be in a ftatc to begin his march ; but 
 that the pay of his troops was confiderably in arrears, and that it was 
 requifite that his highnefs fhould prepare funds to pay them. This 
 ftate of affairs excited great alarm at Poonah : the inhabitants of the 
 town feared, with reafon, that the arrival of Jefwunt-Row-Holkar 
 would be marked with every fort of outrage and violence ; and that 
 the prefence of Suddafher-Bhow's detachment, without the power of 
 affording any proted;ion, might ftiil increafe his highnefs's embarraif- 
 ments, even to the point of compelling him to levy oppreffive contri- 
 butions on the city. Some of the rich inhabitants then began pre- 
 paring to leave the capital ; and the Peifhwah himfelf, perceiving the 
 full extent of the difHculCies and dangers which furrounded him, got 
 ready to retire to the Kokum, and had relays of palanquin-bearers and 
 detachments of horfe placed on the road to the fource of the Keifina, 
 in the vicinity of Mhar. 
 
 31. He however afterwards relinqulflied that intention, by the 
 advice of his miniflers, who perfuaded his highnefs that funds might 
 be procured to pay Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's troops without incurring 
 the rlfk of exciting any ferment ; and his highnefs, having determined 
 to remain in his capital, dlfpatched a meflagc to Suddaflier-Bhow, 
 prefTmg him to advance towards Poonah with the utmofl poffible fpeed. 
 
 32. Roufed by thefe alarms, his highnefs the Peifhwah font, 20th 
 September, 1802, his prime-minifler to the refident, charged with a
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 17 
 
 packet containing his highncfs's propofitions for a definitive treaty with 
 the Britifh government. Thefe propofitions differed in feveral point? 
 from thofe which the refident had made to his highncfs. .The Peifli- 
 wah required that the auxiUary forces fliould remain on the Britifh 
 territories, but that they fliould be at all times ready for every kind 
 of fcrvice on which his highncfs might have occafion to employ themt 
 that the Britifli government fliould engage never to make any alliance 
 nor to form any political connecition with Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, or 
 the Kajah of Berar, with Holkar or the family of Guykwar, or with 
 any Jaghlrdar of the Mahratta empire ; and that the Britifli govern- 
 ment fliould not interfere in the events which might happen between 
 his hlghnefs and any of his chiefs : that his highnefs fhould be at li- 
 berty to make ufe of every clafs of Europeans in his fervice, difmifling 
 thofe only who, during war between the Britifh government and any 
 other power, might appear to have a6led contrary to the interefls of 
 the Company, and of the Peifliwah : that the Britifli government 
 Ihould be obliged to fupport every jufl claim that the Peifliwah might 
 have on any other power or flatc ; and that the Britifh government 
 fliould not Intermeddle with any tranfadlions between the Peifhwah 
 and the Nizam, and fhould not be at liberty to arbitrate in the dlfputes 
 which might arife between thofe flates. Thefe conditions, fo different 
 from the fundamental principles of the defenflve alliance, and fo in- 
 compatible with the connedlons which adually fubflfl between the 
 Brlthh government and other powers, were neceffarily rejected by the 
 refident, who anfwered every article of the Pelfhwah's propofitions by 
 a memorial which the refident delivered to the mlnifler during his 
 conference of the 27th September. Copies of the papers in which 
 the propofition of his highnefs are contained, and the refident's an- 
 fwers, together with the detailed report of his highnefs on the confe- 
 rence which he had with the mlnifler, the above-mentioned day, will 
 be found in the minutes noted in the margin.
 
 18 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 33 The forces commanded by SuddaOier-Bhow were to crofs the 
 river Bheemah, and continue their march to the environs of Poonah. 
 Thefe troops, after having reached Choomargoondah, changed their 
 diredlion, and, advancing along the northern bank of that river, met 
 Holkar's army, compofed of detachments commanded by Meer-Khan 
 and Shah-Ahmed ; and on the 3d Oftober, 1802, an engagement took 
 place, the refult of which was reported to be fomewhat equiroca!. 
 Another detachment of Holkar's troops, under the command of Fut- 
 teh-Sing-Mannia, occupied a poft fouth of Poonah ; and a body of 
 troops of his highnefs the Peifhwah, commanded by Nana-Poorrun- 
 duzzeh, and accompanied by Zuzzec-putkah or ftandard of the em- 
 pire, was fo difpofed as to prevent the jun<Sion of the troops under 
 Futteh-Sing-Mannia's orders with every other divifion of Holkar's 
 troops. The army under the perfonal command of that chief then 
 occupied a poft about forty miles behind thefe troops. 
 
 34. The Peifhwah in this fituation continued to augment his troops, 
 by requiring the affiftance of the diftant Jaghirdars and Suddalher- 
 Bhow, who was expeded foon to be reinforced by 5000 cavalry from 
 Boorhampore, under the command of Gopaul-Bhow. 
 
 3.5. While the affairs of his highnefs the Peifhwah were in this 
 critical ftate, the refident continued to ufe every means of making 
 known to his highnefs's minifters the advantage of acceding to the 
 liberal propofitions made by the Britifh government. The refident 
 laid hold of the opportunity to make the minifters of his highnefs re- 
 mark that at the moment in which confiderablc progrefs had been 
 made in a negotiation with the Britifli power, the end of which was 
 to re-eftablifh his highnefs's authority and the tranquillity of his em- 
 pire, his highnefs had, after mature reflection, adopted mcafures which 
 could not but lay another burthen on the refources of his government.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA, 19 
 
 and do away every hope of extricating himfelf from the prefcnt em- 
 barrallment of his affairs. The rcfident obfcrved that the contending 
 armies, difperfcd over his highnefs's territory, friends or foes, were 
 alike deilrudive to his refources, which were already inadequate to 
 fatisfy the immenfc neceffities of the corps his highnefs had called 
 in from the northern countries ; that his incompetency to pay the 
 troops would make yet more enemies, and add to the dangers which 
 it was his intereft to avert. The miniflers anfwered that a prompt 
 and advantageous negotiation fliould be concluded between his high- 
 nefs and the Britifli government, and reprefented the fituation of his 
 highnefs's affairs in a more favourable point of view; adding, that they 
 confidently expeded the fpeedy redudion of Holkar's power, and the 
 removal of the dangers and embarraffments which the refident had 
 pointed out. 
 
 30. On the 8th of Odlober, an adlion was fought, about forty miles 
 from Poonah, between the troops of his highnefs the Peifhwah, com- 
 maiided by Nana Poorrunduzzeh, and thofe of FuttehSing-Mannia, 
 in which the former were defeated with the lofs of all their artillery 
 and baggage. 
 
 37. This news greatly alarmed the Peifhwah, and made him ap- 
 prehenfive of his perfonal fafety. His highnefs gave immediate orders 
 for the infantry on guard in his palace to be ready to march ; but his 
 real projed in iffuing the order was to have thefe troops for his efcort 
 in cafe they fhould be forced to abandon his capital. His highnefs 
 direiflly fent his jewels to Sevaghur, a well-fortified place on a moun- 
 tain near Poonah ; and in the night of the gth Odober, his highnefs 
 made all the females of his family enter that fortrefs. 
 
 38. The refident did not fail to take advantage of this difafter, for the 
 purpofe of calling to the mind of his highnefs's miniflers, with double
 
 20 HISTORY or THE TRANSxVCTIONS OF 
 
 efFeft, the dangers in which hishighnefs was involved, and the advan- 
 tage which would accrue by his accepting the propofitions of the Bri- 
 tifh government. The minifters apparently embraced the refident's 
 opinion, and declared that his highnefs's affairs could not be re-eftab- 
 lifhed but by his acceptance of the propofitions of the Britifli govern- 
 ment, tending to conclude a defenfive alliance with his highnefs. The 
 minifters, however, added, that his highnefs the Peifhwah was, in fad, 
 under the influence and authority of his own fubjefls, and in the 
 power of perfons in place ; and that he had not the means of taking 
 any meafurcs to this end, without incurring perfonal danger. The 
 minifter appeared at the fame time to flatter himfelf that thefe 
 cmbarraflmcnts would be foon removed, and that no further obftaclc 
 would be met with in carrying theprojeded alliance into etfedl. 
 
 30. The dangerous fituation of his highnefs, which was dally in- 
 creafmg, however, removed all probability of fuch a hope. Holkar's 
 troops had then formed a jundlion with thofe commanded by Futteh- 
 Sing-Mannia, and occupied a poft near the town of Segourie, above 
 a march from Poonah : the army commanded by Suddafher-Bhow, in 
 confequcnce, advanced and encamped according to the Pelfhwah's de- 
 fire, at a fliort dlftance from the city, on the road from that place. 
 
 40. The ftate of Poonah and the adjacent territories, fuch as it was 
 as this period, is defcribed by the rcfident in the following terms : — 
 " I cannot depl6l to your excellency the dreadful fcene which this city 
 at the prefent moment afl:ords ; the impofltions to which it is fub- 
 je£l ase exadled with fuch rigour, that the inhabitants are flying to- 
 wards the neighbouring mountains, in the hope of putting their pro- 
 perty into a place of fafcty. On the road they are generally met by 
 thieves, who add infult to pillage. Thefe plundering bands carry 
 their robberies to the very environs of the town. Agriculture and the 
 cultivated lands are c|uitted ; the labourers cut the corn while yet half-
 
 THE BRITIEII GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 21 
 
 rij>e, the only means which remain to them of faving fomc part of 
 the harvcft." 
 
 41. In the general confufion his highncfs the Peifhvvah remained 
 in his palace, guarded by about 2000 foot and a corps of horfe. Horfes 
 were faddled and kept conftantly in readinefs at the different gates ; 
 and every clrcumftance indicated the excefiive alarm of his highnels, 
 and his intention to leave the city in cafe of any finifter event: 
 and the wretched fituation of his highnefs was further aggravated hy 
 the little confidence he had in his troops and adherents. 
 
 42. Suddaflicr-Bhow, fearing that the Peifhwah might fuddenly 
 abandon the capital, and leave his troops without fuccour, and with- 
 out pay, earneftly intrcated his Jiighnefs either to repair to the camp 
 and accompany the army, or to permit two of Scindeah's battalions to 
 be flationed at Poonah, in the abfence of the army, at once to proted; 
 Iiis highnefs's perfon and city. The Peilliwah, however, rejeded both 
 propofals ; and, as is the natural cuflom with Mahratta policy, fought 
 to jdivert the impending danger by entering upon a negotiation with 
 Holkar, (21 ft February, No. 47,) by means of Holkar's vakeel, who 
 ibll continued to frequent the Durbar at Poonah. 
 
 43. In this ftate of things the minifler proceeded in the negotiation 
 with the refident, to conclude an alliance with the Company ; but in 
 terms fb equivocal, with fo many delays, and fuch evident fubterfuges, 
 that the refident was at lengtb obliged to declare to the minifler that 
 he fliould, thenceforward, confider all negotiation at an end. 
 
 41. On the 23d of October, 1802, Jefwunt-Row-Holkar fixed his 
 encampment about eight miles from that of Suddafher-Bhow. On 
 the evening of the '2itb, the Peifhwah fcnt mcfTengcrs to Jefwunt- 
 
 n
 
 22 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTION'S OF 
 
 Row-Holkar, with fome proportions for accommodation, which that 
 chief refufed ; and in the morning of the 25th, an adlon took place 
 between the two advanced armies, which terminated in a total defeat 
 of the combined troops of the Peifliwah and Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, 
 
 45. Holkar's troops confiftcd of twenty-eight battalions, fourteen 
 of which were commanded by European officers, 500 RohlUas, 25,000 
 cavalry, and 100 pieces of cannon; Scindeah's forces were but four 
 regular battalions, which had been raifed and difcipllned by Deboigne, 
 twenty guns attached to thofe battalions, and 10,000 horfemen of the 
 Rajah Ambagee : the precife number of the Peifliwah's troops was not 
 known. 
 
 46. The Peifliwah, willing to be prepared againft every occurrence, 
 went out at the commencement of the battle, accompanied by Zur- 
 rec-pattah, or ftandard of the empire, and all his other troops ; and at 
 the fame time fent his minifter to the refident with a writing fealcd 
 by his hlghnefs's own feal, containing his highnefs's confent to the 
 terms of taking Into his pay the propofed number of Britifli troops, snd 
 to the engagement to cede to the honourable Company, for the fub- 
 fiftcnce of thofe troops^ a territory in Guzzarat, or in the fouthern 
 part of his hlghnefs's territory, (21 ft February, No. 96 or -ly, A,) 
 bringing in an annual revenue of twenty-six lacks of rupees. The ml- 
 riiftcr at the fame time affured the Britifli refident in the moft pofi- 
 tive manner, that it was the Pelfhwah's intention to conclude a de- 
 fcnfive alliance with the honourable Company on. the bafis of the 
 treaty of Hyderabad. 
 
 47. In confequcncc of this tranfadion, the Englifli refident Judged 
 it expedient to fuggeft to the right honourable governor of Fort St, 
 George, and the honourable governor of Bombay, the ncceflTity of
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 2» 
 
 holding in readinefs a body of troops under the rerpedllve authority ot 
 thofe prcfidencics, for the protcdion of the Peifliwah's government, 
 and the fupport of his authority. 
 
 -4 8. The rcfident at Poonah tranfmlttcd a fimilar demand to the 
 rcfident at Hyderabad, for him to hold in readinefs a confiderable de- 
 tachment of troops which were ftationed near his highncfs the Nizam. 
 
 'ig. At the conclufion of the battle between the two armies of 
 Holkar and Scindcah, the Peifhwah retired, with a fmall corps of ca- 
 valry, into a fortrefs in the environs of Poonah. 
 
 50. The town was left in the care of an officer of the Peifhwah. 
 No extreme violence was committed : his highnefs's mlnifter and the 
 Englifli refident yet remained at Poonah, after having fettled the plan 
 of communication with the Peifhwah in the Kokum, whereto his 
 hlghnefs had retreated. The detail of thefe events will be found in 
 the minutes (2lft February, No. 56). 
 
 5 1 . This critical flate of affairs feemed to hold out a very favourable 
 opportunity for eftablifhing, in the moft complete manner, the inte- 
 refts of the Britifh power in the Mahratta empire. The Governor 
 General was not deceived in his attempt when he reckoned on the 
 peaceful iffue of this important affair, towards which the attention of 
 the Britifh government had been fb long fmce direded, and which 
 was fo material to the perfeifl refpeft for the Britifh government in the 
 Eafl. 
 
 52. The Governor General, in confequence of this, determined to 
 confirm the engagements concluded between the Pelfliwah and the re- 
 fident at Poonah ; and his excellency inftrufted the refident and 
 charged him to fignlfy to his highnefs the ratification of the Governor 
 
 D 2
 
 2+ HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 General on the fubjed; of that engagement, and his refolution to em- 
 ploy all the refources of the Britifh power for the re-ellablifliment of 
 his highnefs's authority. The Englifli refident was likewife charged 
 to make the conditions of the propofed alliance more advantageous, 
 and to exert himfelf to the utmoft to obtain the Peifliwah's confent 
 to the ftipulation which he had hitherto rejedled ; and, laftly, to de- 
 mand fuch other conceffions as fhould appear material to fecure and 
 immoveably fix the interefts of the Englifli government in that part 
 of India. The refident was, befides, charged to lay hold on the moft 
 favourable opportunity to give the propofed conditions of alliance 
 (21ft February, No. 57) the form of a definitive treaty. Thefe in- 
 ftrucftions, which bear date 1 0th November, 1802, are regiftercd in 
 the minutes. '? ry 
 
 5 3. Orders were at the fame time given to the governors of Fort St. 
 George and Bombay,(2 111 February, No. 225, A; and 252, A,) as well 
 as to the refident at Hyderabad, confirming the requifition made by 
 the refident at Poonah, on the fubjeft of collecting troops at the fta- 
 tions fpecified, with a view to fulfil the engagements concluded with 
 the Peifhwah. 
 
 54. In authorizing the affembling of the army of Fort St. George, 
 Bombay and Hyderabad, the Governor General was guided by confi- 
 derations independent of the mere end of upholding the caufc of his 
 highnefs the Peifhwah. 
 
 55. In confidcring the actual ftate of the affairs of the Mahratta em- 
 pire, the pofition, the number, and the formation, of the troops which 
 compofe the armies of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah and Jefwunt-Row- 
 Holkar, and the defolated (late of the Mahratta territories, it appeared 
 ulmoft certain that the troops of Holkar or of Scindeah, or of both to- 
 gether, as well as the whole horde of this profelTcd partifan, would feek
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 25 
 
 for fubfiftence in the Nizam's, Guykv/ar's, Rajah's, or Myforc coun- 
 tries, or in thole of the honourable Company. 
 
 56. It was confcqucntly of moment to adopt prompt precautionary 
 meafures to fecure the frontiers of the Company and its aUies, againft 
 the incurfions of thofe plundering armies. 
 
 57. The fubfcquent fuccefs and afcendancy of one of the two con- 
 tending parties in the Mahratta empire, might induce the ambition, 
 the pride, or the rapacity of its chief, to turn his vidorious arms againffc 
 the pofleffions of the Company or its allies ; and the poflibility of fuch 
 an attempt equally required the immediate adoption of the meafures 
 taken to impede or 'repel fuch an. enterprife. The Governor General 
 had certain information that fuch were Holkar's projed:s, not merely 
 with regard to the territories of our ally the Nizam, but to thofe of 
 the Company in that part of India ; and it would have been impru- 
 dent to negledl taking precautions in fuch a cafe. 
 
 58. The fame precautions were indifpenfably neceffary in refpe6t o( 
 the general policy, which made it necelfary to be prepared to avert the 
 dangers of approaching anarchy. The re-eftablifliment of the Peifli- 
 wah in his legitimate authority, under the protedion of a powerful 
 Eritifti force, Vv'as the meafure proper to divert every immediate dan- 
 ger to which the Britifh government and its allies were expofed by the 
 Hate of the affairs of the Mahratta empire, independantly of the general 
 or permanent policy which required a elofer tie with the Peifhwah. 
 
 59. It appears from the refident's difpatches, that the primary objed; 
 of Jefvvunt-Row-Holkar was to get polleffion of the Peilhwah's per- 
 fon, and to compel his highnefs to eftablilh an adminiftration which 
 would give Jefvvunt-Row-Holkar an afcendancy in the ftate, to the
 
 2G HISTORY: or THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 exclulion of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's influence (21(1 February, Na. 
 58, 50, (53). In cafe this projedl had failed, Jefwunt-Row-Holkar's 
 fecond projed was to make Afwent-Rovv, fon of the late Rugonaud- 
 Row, come to Poonah ; to put the fon of Amrut-Row on the Mufnud; 
 and to give Amrut-Row the place of prime minifter, while Jcfwunt- 
 Row-Holkar fhould take the general command of the troops of the 
 ftate. 
 
 60. From the reports which the Governor General received from 
 the refident at Poonah on thefe points, and on others relative to the ac- 
 tual fituation of affairs, his excellency deemed it neceflary to give the 
 refident inftrudlions, (which will be found in the minutes of the 2111: 
 February, No. 64,) in regard to the period when it would be eflential 
 to order the Britifh troops to advance to replace his highnefs the Peifh- 
 wah in the government of Poonah. 
 
 61. By the refident's fubfequent advices it appears that the Pelfli- 
 wah had made good his retreat to Mhar, a fort fituated on the river 
 Bancoole in the Kokum, and that Holkar defpaired of fucceeding to 
 effed; the voluntary return of the Peifliwah to Poonah, and to prevail 
 on his highnefs to put his perfon into his hands. It was equally ap- 
 parent that Holkar had fent fome forces to Jejoofy, a fort in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Poonah, the adual refidcnce of Amrut-Row, and had 
 brought Amrut-Row to Poonah with the intention of entrufting to 
 him the general adminiftration of affairs, and of placing Amrut- Row's 
 fon on the Mufnud, while Jefwunt-Row-Holkar propofed to take 
 upon himfelf the general command of the army. Amrut-Row was 
 not inclined to accede to this arrangement. The authority of the go- 
 vernment was, notwithftanding, exercifcd by Holkar in the name of 
 Amrut-Row. Jefwunt-Row-Holkar and Amrut-Row appeared to have 
 great apprchcnfions left the Peifhwah fliould obtain the protcdion of
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 27 
 
 the Brltifh government, and made ufe of every means to engage the 
 refident at Poonah to remain in that city, with the view of obtaining 
 the protedion of the Britifh government, and its acquicfcence with 
 every arrangement which might be adopted after the exclufion of his 
 highnefs the Pcifliwah from the government of Poonah. The refident, 
 however, prudently rejedled every advance of that nature, and per- 
 fifted in the refolution he had formed of withdrawing to Bom- 
 bay, for which refidence he could not get leave, from Amrut-Row 
 and Holkar, to fct out, but with great difliculty. His departure was 
 fixed for the 28th of November. 
 
 62. In the refident's conferences with Amrut-Row and Jefwunt- 
 Row-Holkar, the two chiefs teflificd an anxious defirc to prefervc 
 the friendlliip of the Britifh government, and addrefl'ed themfclves di- 
 redly and ferioufly, to the refident, to demand his advice on the then 
 ftate of affairs. Jefwunt-Rovv-Holkar faid exprefsly that he was de- 
 firous of the refident's mediation to bring about an accommodation 
 vith the Peilhwah. The refident apprised Jefwunt-Row-Holkar that 
 for this objed; it would be indifpenfably neceffary that the two parties 
 ihould confent to refer their difputes to the mediation of the Britifli 
 government; but that the reiident could not undertake fuch a media- 
 tion without the orders of the Governor General. The refident at 
 the fame time counfelled Amrut-Row and Jefwunt-Row-Holkar to 
 come to a direfl explanation with the Governor General. At the 
 refident's lafl interview with Amrut-Row, that chief gave him three 
 letters addrefled to the Governor General : one was from himfelf; the 
 others from perfons then cxercifing the fundions of minlllers of ftatc. 
 The aim of thefe letters was to follclt the protedion of the Britifh 
 government, and the appointment of a refident in the place of Colonel 
 Clofe, whofe departure from Poonah for Bombay was confidered by 
 Amrut-Row and his miniilers as an abdication of his place as repre- 
 fentative of the Britifh government at the court of Poonah.
 
 4 
 
 5g I^ISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 63. The detail of the tranfa(5llor!s of .Poonah and of the confer- 
 ences and communications which took place between the refident at 
 Poonah and Jefwunt-Rovv-Holkar, and Amrut-Row, may be found in 
 the minutes of the 2 ift February, No. 104, 105, 106, and ill to 
 lig both inclufive, and 135 and 136. 
 
 64. The meafures adopted by the government of Bombay on the 
 rcquifition of the refident, to have troops always in readinefs for the 
 fervice of the Peifliwah, are given at length in a difpiitch of that 
 prefidency entered among the above-mentioned minutes. 
 
 05. After the Pcifbwah's arrival at Mhar, his highnefs fent two 
 vakeels to Bombay, with a letter, in which he demanded an afylum 
 at Bombay, and likewife a veflel to tranfport him from Bancoole to 
 Bombay or BafTein, in cafe that meafure were confidered nccelTary for 
 the fafety of his perfon. The honorable governor of Bombay 
 granted the latter demand, and ordered the Herculean to go to Ban- 
 coole, and there receive the Peifliwah. 
 
 06. The refident at Poonah being Informed of thefe circumftances, 
 pointed out, to the government of Bombay, the advantage that would 
 arife in diffuading the Peifhwah from fecking an afylum in the terri- 
 tories of the Britifh government, until the fcntiments and views of 
 the Governor General, in regard to the Peifhwah's affairs, were made 
 known ; and the refident advifed that the Peifliwah fliould be prevailed 
 on to maintain himfclf in his pofltion at Mhar to the laft extremity, 
 fo long as his perfonal fecurity could juflify it. 
 
 67. The meafures which the Bombay government adopted confor- 
 mably to the refident's fuggeftion, as well as the communications 
 which took place between his highne£s and the refideint at Fort Vic- 
 toria, according to the inllruitions of the govcrntncat of Bombay,
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 2f; 
 
 arc detailed in the government dlfpatchcs, and entered in the minutes 
 noted in the margin. 
 
 08. From the refolution which the Governor General had taken 
 to ui'c every effort to redore the Peifhwah's authority, and from the 
 aftual ftate of atfliirs, it appeared to the Governor General extremely 
 advantageous for the Peifliwah to throw himfelf, immediately, on the 
 Britifli power for proted:ion, by retiring to Bombay. The condder- 
 ations which decided the Governor General, in council, on this head, 
 are given, at length, in the inftrudions, which the Governor General, 
 dcepiv impreffed with this idea, fent, on the 2Qth November 1802, 
 to the refident at Poonah, and which are entered on the minutes 
 before fpecified. Inftruiflions were, at the fame time, forwarded to 
 the adminiftration of Bombay, concerning the reception of his high- 
 nefs the Peifliwah, and the condud; to be purfued towards him, in 
 regard to the relations which were, from that time, fuppofed to exift 
 between his highnel's and the Britifh government. The communi- 
 cation made, to his highnefs the Pcifhwah, by the honorable govern- 
 ment of Bombay, on receipt of thofe infi:ru<flions, is regiflercd in 
 the minutes noted in the margin. 
 
 Gq. His highnefs the Peifliwah being apprehenflve for his fafet}' at 
 Mhar withdrew to Sevendroog, a fortrefs on the fide of the Kokum ; 
 his highnefs embarked there on board the Herculean, difembarked, 
 and remained fome days at an intermediate port, and thence rc-cm- 
 barkcd, and arrived fafe at Baffcin on the 1 6th of December. The 
 refident from Poonah reached Bombay on the 3d of the fame 
 month. 
 
 70. The refident at Poonah received the inllrudions of the Gover- 
 nor General, dated the lOth November, on the 6th December 1802, 
 and, in confequenccj addreffed a letter to Raggonaut-Row, his high- 
 
 E
 
 30 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 nefs's miuifler, foliciting a conference with him, and urging the de- 
 parture of his highncfs the Peifhvvah for Bombay. 
 
 71. On the 30th December the Governor General ordered a letter 
 to be forwarded to the refident, to exprefs his fatisfadion at all parties 
 concerned in the commotions of the Mahratta ftate having appealed 
 to the Britifh power, obferving, that this circumftance afforded a fa- 
 vorable opportunity for a pacific mediation. 
 
 72. As it was probable that the Peifliwah would endeavor to avoid 
 
 concluding a definitive treaty, and would prefer Scindeah's aflliftance 
 
 to that of the Britifh government, the refident was charged to give 
 
 his highnefs to underftand, that, as the Governor General had ratified 
 
 the preliminaries, and continued to a(5l in confequence, his highnefs's 
 
 refufal to conclude a definitive treaty on that bafis, and to adhere to 
 
 its ftipulations, would be confidered a violation of public faith, and, 
 
 that in fuch cafe, his excellency would purfue thofe meafures of 
 
 policy which would be conducive to the fecurity of the Britifh govern- 
 
 rnent and its allies ; and that a demand for the reimburfement of all 
 
 expenfes incurred for the Pcifhwah's fervice would form part of that 
 
 fyflem of meafures which, in this view, would be adopted. 
 
 73. On the Sth December the refident had an interview with 
 E,aggonau'-Row. That minifler imparted his highnefs's refolution to 
 fulfil his engagements, his intention to go from Chout to Baflein, and 
 the defire he had to remain in the latter place under the protedion of 
 a Britifh guard. Mr. Duncan anfwered, that this demand fhould be 
 complied ^^ ith, and informed him that the force ihould confifl of 
 100 European infimtry, a company of European artillery, with a 
 complement of Lafcar gunners, and about 600 spahis. 
 
 On the arrival of his highnefs the Pcifhwah at Baflcin, the refident 
 v.aitcd on his highnefs with the projedl of a treaty of defcnfivc aili-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 31 
 
 ancc, to which, after fomc moments of difcuffion, his liighncfs af- 
 fentcd. There was, notwithftandiug, a difference of opinion between 
 the Pcifhwah and the rcfidcnt, in regard to the territuries to be fet 
 apart for the payment of the auxiliary forces, which occafioned fome 
 delay in the conclufion of a treaty of defenfive alliance. 
 
 74. The refiJent in the meanwhile tranfmittcd, to the Governor 
 General, a copy of the propofed treaty, on receipt of which, the Go- 
 vernor General fent inftrudlions to the refident, containing his excel- 
 lency's remarks on the propofed treaty, and his inflrudions to urge its 
 conclufion, according to certain modifications which thofe inflirudions 
 pointed out. 
 
 75. However, on the 28th January, he received a difpatch from 
 the refident, which reported, that, at an audience of the Peifliwah, 
 on the 3lft December, his highnefs had unexpeftcdly given his con- 
 fent to the affignment of thofe territories which the refident was 
 charged to demand for the pay of the auxiliary troops, and the treaty 
 was, confequently, concluded and exchanged at that conference. 
 
 76. The terms of the treaty being in ftrid conformity to the tenor 
 of the firft proportions made by the Governor General to his highnefs 
 the Peifhwah, and to the fpirit of the fubfequent inflrmflions, ad- 
 drcffed by the Governor General to the refident at Poonah, the treaty 
 was ratified by the Governor General in council the fame day on 
 which it was received. Several copies of the treaty having been 
 already tranfmittcd to your honorable committee, the Governor Ge- 
 neral in council confiders it fuperfluous under thofe circumftance* 
 to repeat the details. 
 
 77- The Governor General in council will now take a view of the 
 meafures purfued by the right honorable lord Clive, Governor of Fort 
 
 E 2
 
 32 IILSTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 St. George, in confcqucnce of what has been fuggefted to his exctl- 
 iency by the Poonah refidcnt, to keep a corps of Britilh troops in the 
 Carnatic, ready to march immediately to the affiftance of his highnefs 
 the Peilhwah, as has been already ftated in the foregoing paragraph. 
 
 78. The forces which the right honorable governor of Fort St. 
 George, in concert with General Stuart, refolved to coUedt on the 
 frontiers of the Myfore, were to confift of five companies of artillery, 
 two European and five native regiments of cavalry ; three regiments 
 and fix companies of European infantry, and eight battalions of native 
 infantry, with field artillery in proportion. The motives which en- 
 gaged his excellency to fet on foot fuch an army, are contained in a 
 difpatch from his excellency, the loth December, and appear to be 
 ■well founded ; and the meafures adopted on that occafion by the 
 right honorable governor of Fort St. George, feeming to the Gover- 
 nor General not leis politic, met, in like manner, with his approbacion. 
 
 79. Lord Clive liad very properly confidered that the body of 
 troops which it was necefiTary to march into the Mahratta territory, 
 for the aid of the Peifliwah, with the view of fulfilling our dcfcnfive 
 engagements, muft be of fuch a force as to be able to aS. indepen- 
 dently, and refifh the armies of Holkar and Scindeah, whether fepa- 
 rate or united. Lord Cllve likevvife thought it probable that the 
 renewal of hoftilities with thofe chiefs in the Dckkan would be the 
 means of collecting fo immenfe a number of irregular troopsj that, 
 from the exhaufted ftatc of the Mahratta territories, they would be 
 compelled to violate the frontiers of the flates of the Nizam, thofe of 
 the ceded- countries, or thofe of the Myfore, in feeking the means of 
 fubfiftence. In either of thefe two events the right honorable gover- 
 nor of Fort St. George judged it expedient to hold in readinefs a force, 
 not inferior to that which his excellency, in concert with General 
 Stuart, had refolved to aflemble. At the fame time, the circum.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 33 
 
 ftances of which his excellency made mention in his written dif- 
 patches on this fubjedl, and thofe mentioned in the inftrudions of 
 the Governor General to his excellency, dated 30th December 1802, 
 removed every fear of hoftilities taking place in the face of fo con- 
 fidcrable an Englifli force on the Mahratta frontiers. 
 
 80. Lieutenant General Stuart neglcdled no means, according 
 to the order of the Governor of Fort St. George, to advance his 
 army towards the Mahratta territories, in cafe that the negotiation, 
 which was to be carried on by the refidcnt at Poonah, for the con- 
 clufion of a treaty of defenfive alliance with his highnefs the Peifliwah, 
 fliould render that rneafure necefTary. Lord Clive, at the fame time, 
 according to the inftrudions of the Governor General, ordered the 
 honorable Major General Wellefley, who commanded the auxiliary 
 forces flationed in the Myfore, to encourage, by all poffible means 
 
 the difpofitions which the Jaghirdars of the fouthern countries of his 
 highnefs the Peifliwah had manifefled, conjointly with the Britifli 
 government, to fupport his highnefs's caufe. 
 
 81. The details of thcfe operations, as well as the inftru6lions, of 
 different dates, given by the Governor General in council to the 
 right honorable Governor of Fort St. George, concerning the mea- 
 fures then in queftion, are in the regifters noted in the margin. 
 
 HYDERABAD. 
 
 82. The Governor General now deems it expedient to draw the 
 attention of your honorable committee to the affairs of Hyderabad, 
 as connedted with the tranfad:ions and operations at Poonah. 
 
 83. The nature of the inftruftions given to the refident at Poonah, 
 dated 23d June, 1803, required that fimilar inftrucSions Ihould be
 
 St HIS ro^V of *rHE TRANSAcVidi^Js 'of 
 
 given to the refident at Hyderabad. From the reafohs afligncd in' 'the 
 Jnftrudions addrelTcd to the refident at Poonah, the Governor General 
 thought it might be advantageous to accede to a modification of the 
 conditions p refcrlbcdby 1;he treaty of Hyderabad^ concluded on the 
 12th Odlober 1800, by admitting the Pelfhwah to the advantages 
 of a defenfive alliance. Thefe conditions were, that the Peifliwah 
 fliould confent to throw himfclf on the declfion of the Company for 
 any difputes which might arife between the court of Hyderabad and 
 that of Poonah, conformably to the treaty of Mhar, and that the 
 Peiflawah fhould alfo confent that his highnefs the Nizam fliouW be 
 exempt from the payment of the Chout. 
 
 84. It was neceffary to obtain the confent of his highnefs the Nizam 
 for a modification of thofe conditions ; and Inflrudtlons were con- 
 fequently forwarded to the refident at Hyderabad, to fet every engine 
 at work to accomplifli it. Thefe inflruftions are re'giftered in the 
 labour No. 90. Confultation of the 23d June, 1802. 
 
 85. The firft conference on this fubje<5l at Hyderabad took place in 
 the month of Oclober following ; the refident, as had been forefeen, 
 found the court of Hyderabad extremely adverfe to the conceflion 
 required. The refident, however, after a difcuffion of long duration, 
 (No. 55, conference of the 3d February 1803,) fucceeded in obtain- 
 ing the confent of his highnefs the Nizam, to a modification of the 
 conditions, by which the Peifliwah was admitted to the advantages 
 of the defenfive alliance, according to certain aflurances from the 
 Britifli government. Thefe aflurances appeared to the Governor 
 General to be of a nature that could not be confirmed ; but that dif- 
 ficulty was removed by the fubfequent fuccefs of the refident at 
 Poonah, in obtaining the confent of his highnefs the Peifliwah, on 
 the conditions prefcribed by the treaty of Hyderabad, to his admifllon 
 to the advantages of the defenfive alliance. The lnfl:ru£lioiis of the
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 35 
 
 Governor General on this point arc regiftered in the confiiltatioa 
 No. 2O0, 21ft February. 
 
 80. In receiving from the refident at Poonah the demand which 
 was made, of having a force read}' on the frontiers of the Nizam's 
 empire, the objeft of which would be to ferve as a fupport to the 
 caufe of the Peifhvvah, the refident of Hyderabad prudently fuggeft- 
 ed to his highnefs the Nizam, the advantage of reinforcing the de- 
 tachments of his highnefs's troops, ftationed weflward ot his fron- 
 tiers. His highnefs immediately acceded to the demand. 
 
 87. In the in{lru(^ions of the Governor General to the refident at 
 Hyderabad, on the iGth November, by confirming the requifition of 
 the refident at Poonah, as to the inftantaneous preparation of a Bri- 
 tifli force, and a fubfequent letter and inftrudion dated 22d Novem- 
 ber 1802, the Governor General gave orders that the officer com- 
 manding the Britifh army, which was to be fent from Hyderabad t6 
 the. frontiers, fliould obey the orders of the refident at Poonah, as to 
 the march of the detachment. 
 
 88. Before that period, the court of Hyderabad had frequently ex- 
 preffed an anxious defire to receive the two battalions of fpahis, 
 which, by the treaty of October 1800, were to be added to the auxi- 
 liary forces. Different circumftances had occafioned and juftified the 
 delay which had retarded thejundion of that additional force. The 
 ftate of affairs, however, imperioufiy required that the fubfidiary 
 forces fhould be completed as fpeedily as poffible, whether by its re- 
 ference to military points, or to other local confiderations, and poffible 
 circumftance?. That augmentation was to confift of an European 
 regiment, inilcad of the tvyo battalions of fpahis. The refident at 
 Hyderabad, thprefore, propofed to the court of Hyderabad that a re- 
 giment of Europeans fliould be fubftituted for the additional batta-
 
 36 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS QV 
 
 lions of fpahis, ftipulated by the treaty, and with fome difficulty ob- 
 tained its confent to thofe arrangements. Pending the ifTue of the 
 refident's negotiations on this fubjccft, inftruclions were given by the 
 Governor General to the right honourable governor of Fort St. 
 George, 30th December 1802, by which Lord Clive had been defired 
 to be ready to fend an European regiment to Hyderabad, upon the 
 refident's requifition. Thefe inftrudlions, together with the corre- 
 fponding orders of the fame date (No. 125, D, conference of the 21ft 
 February) to the refident at Hyderabad, are regiftered in the pro- 
 ceedings. Conference 252. 
 
 80. After the defeat of the Peifliwah's and Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's 
 combined forces, by Jefwunt-Row-Holkar's troops, that chief, and A m- 
 rut-Row, addrefled letters to his highnefs the Nizam, and to his minif- 
 ter Aazim-Aol-Omrah, foliciting the fupport and protedlion of the 
 court of Hyderabad, in favor of the revolution projected in the govern- 
 ment of the Mahratta empire. The court of Hyderabad, in confor- 
 mity to its engagements, communicated thefe overtures to the Britifli 
 refident, and declared its intention to a6t wholly under the guidance 
 of the Britifh government, in regard to thefe overtures. The court 
 of Hyderabad, however, having no regard to the principles of equity 
 and juflice which form the bafis of the operations of the Britifli go- 
 vernment, has given fome proofs of its difpofition to fupport the 
 caufe of the ufurper. The obje6l of this policy was to fccure to his 
 highnefs the Nizam, the advantages which would have refulted to 
 him from the adminiftration of Poonah ; advantages which the 
 court of Hyderabad feared it could not attain, if the projedcd alliance 
 took place with the Peifhwah. 
 
 90. Jefwunt-Row-Holkar and Amrut-Row, afterwards notified 
 their intention to fend Baboo-Furkia, fon of the late Hurry-Punt. 
 Furkia, to Hyderabad, charged with private overtures. It was
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMKNT IN INDIA. 37 
 
 uncertain whether this cmiflary would be received. The queftion 
 was referred for decifion, from the Court of Hyderabad, to the Go- 
 vernor General, who was of opinion, that, by refufing to receive that 
 emifiary, it would hold out the rcfolution to oppofc the views and 
 'ntereftsof Jefwunt-Row-Holkar, as well on the part of the Britifh 
 government, as on that of his highncfs the Nizam, which would 
 by no rrieans be in unifon with the defire of the Governor Generab" 
 to appcafe the troubles cxifting in the Mahratta empire, by means 
 of an amicable negotiation ; and that as to the accomplifliment of 
 this objcft, all parties would be encouraged to appeal thereon to the 
 •united councils of the Britifh government and his highncfs the 
 Nizam. The Governor General was therefore of opinion, that the 
 emiffary lent by Jefwunt-Row-Holkar should be received at Hyder- 
 abad. His excellency's detailed inflrudions of the ] 8th January, 
 1803, are regiflered in the minutes of the 23d February, No. 2f)0, B. 
 Ql. As to the detail of all the tranfadions of Hyderabad, conneded 
 with the affairs of the Mahratta empire, the fubflance of which is 
 collected in the preceding paragraphs, the Governor General in 
 council refers your honourable committee to the refident's difpatches, 
 noted in the margin, and to the fentiments and inftrudtions of the 
 Governor General, which had been given in confequence of the 
 correfpondence of the reddent, relative to the fituation of the affairs 
 of the Mahratta empire, and which are regillered in the minutes of 
 the following date. 
 
 Q2. The Governor General in council confiders it proper to give 
 an account of the .meafures adopted in confequence of the concluficn 
 and ratification of the defenfive treaty of alliance with his highnefs 
 the Peifhwah. 
 
 93. It is certain, that the principal branches of the Mahratta 
 ftate had always been averfe to an. alliance between the Britifh go- - 
 
 oi> Voli-li
 
 38 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 vernment and the fovereign power of the Mahratta empire. It was 
 alfo evident that the Peiftiwah had only entered into the treaty of de- 
 fenfive alliance with the Brltllh government, becaufe his highnefs was 
 convinced that he had no other way of recovering any part of his juft 
 authority, or of maintaining the tranquillity of his empire. The ftate 
 of his hlghnefs's affairs, confequently, taking a favourable turn, his 
 highnefs, fupported by the fcntlments of the different branches of the 
 Mahratta empire, would be defirous of annulling the engagements he 
 had made with the Brltlfli government. 
 
 94. Under fuch clrcumflances it was not the intention of the Go- 
 vernor General to compel the Pelfliwah to fulfil his engagements fcru- 
 puloufly, at the rifk of involving the Company in a war with the com- 
 bined Mahratta ftates, to carry into effe£l his ideas for making ufe of the 
 infiuenceof theBritilh power to re-eftablifhthePelfhwah upontheMuf- 
 nud of Poonah, on the bafis of the auxiliary treaty recently concluded 
 with his highnefs. The Governor General thought it material to 
 pay attention to the principles by which his excellency had been 
 guided, Thofe principles were, to maintain peace with the Mahratta 
 flates, and to preferve the internal tranquillity of the Britifh poffeffions. 
 
 95. The ftipulatlons of the treaty on which his excellency founded 
 his intention of facilitating the re-eflablifliment of the Peifliwah's 
 power, proceeded from the f\ippofitlon that the majority of Mahratta 
 Jaghlrdars, and the great mafs of the people, would co-operate in that 
 meafure. Juftice and policy forbad every attempt to give the Mah- 
 rattas a chief to whom the authority would not have been reftored 
 with the affent of all claffes of his fubjeds. The conftrudlon of the 
 treaties lately concluded with the Peifhwah, did not impofe fuch an 
 obligation, and it was evident, whatever might have been the fuccefs 
 of our arras, the views of thofe treaties could not have been accom- 
 pllfhcd by fo extreme and violent a policy; his excellency the Governor
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 39 
 
 General confequently rcfolved to abandon every endeavor to rcflorc 
 thcPeifliwah to theMufnudof Poonah, in cafe of oppofition on the 
 part of the majority of the Jaghirdars, and the mafs of the fubjeSs of 
 the Pcifhwah. 
 
 96. The Governor General moreover confidcred, that, though even 
 the Jaghirdars fhould decide to lend it their fupport, it would be ad- 
 vifable to advance a detachment of the Englifh army towards the 
 Mahratta territories ; but if the whole Englifh army colleftcd at 
 Hurry-haul were advanced towards the Mahratta territory, it would 
 greatly diminifh the internal fafety of the Company's pofTeffions in that 
 part of India, and fuch a movement would confequently not accord 
 with the principal object of that event. 
 
 Q7, With the view therefore of fulfilling our engagements with the 
 Peifhwah, without lofing fight of the above mentioned objects, the 
 Governor General was of opinion : 
 
 1 it. That all the auxiliary forces which were near his highnefs the 
 Nizam, fhouldjoin the Nizam's troops afl'embled on the weftern 
 frontiers of his ftates, and all that army Ihould occupy the moft 
 advantageous llation on his territory and the neareft to Poo- 
 nah, and that it fhould be held in readinefs to march, at a 
 proper feafon, dire<ftly towards that capital. 
 2d. That fo great a portion of the Britilb army afi'emblcd at Hurry- 
 haul, which might be detached, neverthelels always taking 
 care of the internal fecurity of the Britifh territories, fhould 
 march in concert and union with the Mahratta chiefs and 
 Jaghirdars, occupying the fouthern frontiers of the Mahratta 
 territory, which would be attached to the Peifhwah's caufe ; 
 and that the reft of the Britifti army fhould preferve its pofiticn 
 *n the frontiers of the Myfore, for the protc#ion of the ad- 
 
 F 2
 
 40 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 vanccd detachment, and to maintain the internal tranquillity 
 of the Company's territory. 
 Sd. That the advanced detachment lliould go from Hurry-haul 
 with the Mahratta forces which might join it there, either to 
 Merriteh, or to any other place where the Peiflawah might 
 unite with this detachment, and that the one from Hurry- 
 haul fliould form a junction with the combined army of the 
 Nizam, and the auxiliary troops of the Britifli government, on 
 the frontiers of the Nizam's empire. 
 
 98. The inflrudions, at length, of the Governor General, 2d Feb, 
 1803, No. 247, founded on the preceding obfervations, are rcgiftered 
 in the minutes of the 2]fl February 18oa. 
 
 99. Copies of thofe in{lru£lions v/ere tranfmitted to the refidents at 
 Poonah and Hyderabad. The refident at Poonah was charged to 
 follow, for the future, in his operations, the fpirit of the refolutions and 
 intentions defcribed in thofe inftrudions. as far as they fhould be ap- 
 plicable to the different fituations in which he might be placed. The 
 Governor General left it to the judgment of the refident at Poonah 
 to determine the period proper for the advance of the army from the 
 place which it occupied on the Nizam's frontiers towards Poonah; 
 and the refident at Poonah has been advifed that the officer com- 
 manding the auxiUary forces would be obliged to conform to his fug- 
 geftions either as to the time at which he fliould, begin his march from 
 the frontiers of the Nizam's flate towards Poonah, or to any other 
 point, which might have reference to the deftination of that force. 
 
 100. The detailed inftrudions of the Governor Genera! to the refi- 
 dent at Poonah, dated 3d February 1803, are regiftercd in the minutes 
 2lftFcbruary lapa. No. 208. Inflrudions were at the far^ time 
 given to the refident at Hyderabad, whereby he was charged to obtain
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 41 
 
 the confcnt of his highncfs the Nizam, to permit all the army of the 
 auxiliary forces to pafs through his highnefs's domains, in going upon 
 the frontiers to join his highnefs's forces ftationcdin that part, agreeably 
 to the plan of operations communicated to the government of Fort 
 St. George. The refident at Hyderabad was, befides, enjoined to con- 
 cert with the refident atPoonah the pofition which it would be the 
 moft advantageous for the united army to occupy on the Nizam's 
 frontiers, before it advanced towards Poonah, and the refident at Hy- 
 derabad was charged to order the officer commanding the auxiliary 
 forces to conform to all the orders which he might receive from the 
 refident at Poonah. 
 
 101. The inftrudlions of the refident at Hyderabad, the fubftance 
 of which is flated in the preceding paragraphs, are regiftered in the 
 minutes of the 2 ift of February ] 803, No. 26o. 
 
 102. The governor now continues his report to your honorable 
 committee, of the meafures adopted by the right honorable Lord 
 Clive, according to the inftrucftions of the 2d February, the fubftance 
 of which is related in the 92d and following paragraphs. 
 
 FORT ST. GEORGE. 
 
 103. By thofe inflrucRiions the right honorable Governor General 
 of Fort St. George, aided by the judgment of Lieutenant-general 
 Stuart, and direcfted by the events which might occur, was authorized 
 to determine the time at which it wovild be befl to advance the Bri- 
 tifh troops towards the Mahratta frontiers, and in like manner to 
 point out the number of the forces which were to be detached from 
 the firll body of the army on that fervice.
 
 2 HISTORY QF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 104. In paying attention to the advantage it would be of to fecure, 
 betimes, the arrival of the Britilh troops at Poonah, and to confirm the 
 favourable difpofition manifeftcd by the Jaghlrdars in the fouthern 
 territories of his highnefs the Peifliwah, as well as the adual march 
 of the auxiliary forces towards the weftern frontiers of the Nizam, 
 and confidering the neceflity of putting an end to the negotiations 
 with the utmoll poffible fpeed ; Lord Clive was of opinion that the 
 moment had arrived in which it was neceflary for the Britifli troops 
 to enter the Mahratta territory, and his excellency, in confequence, on 
 the 27th February, charged his excellency Lieutenant-general Stuart, 
 then prefent with the army on the Myfore frontiers, to adopt the re- 
 quifite meafures on this head. 
 
 105. Lieutenant-general Stuart being abfent from the prefidency 
 of Fort St. George, Lord Clive judged it neceflary that the extent of 
 the forces to be detached from the bulk of the army, fhould be ex- 
 clufively determined by Lieutenant-general Stuart, he always refer- 
 ring to the general fenfe of the inftrudlions of the Governor General, 
 2d February. 
 
 106. The great local knowledge and influence of Major-general 
 Wellefley ; the correfpondence fo long eftablifhed between Major- 
 general Wellefley and the Mahratta chiefs on the frontiers of the My- 
 fore, and the confidence thofe chiefs had in the approved talents, firm- 
 nefs, charader and integrity of that officer, gave him all the titles ne- 
 ceflary to acquit himfelf of the complicated duties of the command of 
 the detachments deftined to go to Poonah. This important command 
 required the united efforts of great knpwledge in the military art, great 
 political experience, and no little difcrction. Lord Clive, on this ac- 
 count, wilhcd Major-general Wellefley to be appointed to command 
 the detachments which had already fet off, and begged his excellency 
 Lieutenant-general Stuart to give to Major-general Wellefley inflruc-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 43 
 
 tions for the regulation of his condudl, agreeably to the meaning of 
 the inftruftions of the Governor General. 
 
 107. Conformably to the preceding orders. Lieutenant-general 
 Stuart appointed a detachment from the main body of the army, and 
 iffued orders for it to aflemble at Hyderabad, to advance upon the ter- 
 ritory of the Mahrattas. The detachment was compofed of a regi- 
 ment of European and three of native cavalry ; two regiments of 
 European infantry, and fix battalions of native infantry, with a force of 
 artillery in proportion : the whole amounting to 1500 cavalry, and 
 6800 infantry. This army was joined by 2500 horfe of His highnefs 
 the Rajah of Myfore. Lieutenant-general Stuart appointed the ho- 
 nourable Major-general Wellefley tothe command of this detachment 
 agreeably to Lord Clive's defire. 
 
 108. Lieutenant-general Stuart charged the honorable Major- 
 general Wellefley, 
 
 ift. To encourage the fouthern Jaghirdars to declare in favor of 
 the caufe of the Peifliwah; to employ every means to extinguifli 
 their mutual animofity, and to induce them to unite their 
 forces with the detachment advancing towards them for the 
 re-efl:ablifhment of his highnefs's government. 
 
 2d. To advance towards Merriteh, and to form a junction with the 
 Peiftiwah ; or if it was thought ufelefs or impoffible, for his • 
 highnefs to diredl his march towards that place, then to unite 
 with fuch of his highnefs's chiefs and troops as might be col- 
 levied there. 
 
 3d. To open a communication and form a jundion with the auxi- 
 liary forces from Hyderabad, and with the continigent of his 
 highnefs the Nizam. 
 
 •4th. To go, at all events, to Poonah,and to eftablilh in that capital 
 an order of things favorable to the Pevfli,wah's return, and to
 
 44, HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 the accomplifliment of the tenor of the treaty lately con- 
 cluded between his highnefsand the Brltifli government. 
 
 loy. The detail of the preceding arrangements is contained in the 
 difpatches of the right honorable Lord Clive, regiftered in the mi- 
 nutes of the 7th March 1803, No. 10, 16, 18 and 20. 
 
 1 1 0. The Governor General in council, on the 4th of April, addrcflcd 
 a letter to the government of Fort St. George, wherein he approved 
 of the meafures laid down by his excellency, and by Lieutenant- 
 general Stuart, and of the choice of the honorable Major-general 
 VVellefley to command the troops fent to Poonah ; and the letter 
 alfo included inftruclions relative to the Myfore government, as well 
 as to the arrangements which had been adopted by the immediate 
 authority of the government of Fort St. Geoige. 
 
 111. Your honourable committee has been informed by the letter 
 from the Governor General, of the loth February 1803, that Mr. 
 Wcbbc had been appointed refident at Nagpore, and Major Malcolm 
 hid replaced the former refident at Myfore. The reafons which fug- 
 gefled the utility of this arrangement, with reference to the ftate of 
 the affairs of the Mahratta empire, have been afiigned in the inftruc- 
 tions addreffed to the right honourable governor of Fort St. George, 
 on that fubjed:, dated 3d February. They are regiftered in the mi- 
 nutes of the 2lft February 1803, No. 218. After having received 
 thofe inftrudions, the right honorable governor of Fort St. George, 
 adopted the meafures neceifary for carrying them into execution, and 
 his excellency at the fame time gave feparate inftrudions to his ex- 
 cellency Lieutenant-general Stuart and Major Malcolm, in regard to 
 the means of keeping up a corrcfpondence with the Jaghirdars in the 
 fbuthern diftrids of the Peifliwah's ftates. Thefe inftrudions, together 
 with the anfwers of Lieutenant-general Stuart and Major Malcolm
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 45 
 
 are reglftered in the minutes of the Qth March 1803, No. 24, 23,20, 
 27, and 28. 
 
 112. Conformably with thofe inftruiflions Major Malcolm accom- 
 panied the honourable Major-general Wellcfley in his march towards 
 Poonah, and affifted that officer in his negotiations with the Jaghir- 
 dars and officers of the Mahratta government in the fouthern di- 
 vifions of the Hates of his highncfs the Peifliwah. 
 
 HYDERABAD. 
 
 113. It is here ncceflary to give a narrative of the operations of the 
 refident at Hyderabad in confequence of the inftruftions which had 
 been given him 3d February, and to which the lOlfi: paragraph refers, 
 as having tended to the plan of operations above mentioned. 
 
 114. The refident at Hyderabad, imprefled with the views of the 
 Governor General in refpedl to the movement to be made by all the 
 auxiliary forces to get forward, folicited and obtained the confent of 
 his highnefs the Nizam to advance the w hole force ; but he, at the 
 fame time, communicated the obje<flions his highnefs had made 
 againft that meafure, which would leave his perfon and the capital 
 without adequate prote<flion. In anfwer to this communication, the 
 Governor General, in his inftrudions to the refident, 6th March 1 803, 
 fignified that although the terms of his excellency's inftrudtions ad- 
 mitted the refident's confl:ru<5lion of them, it was not his excellency's 
 intention to order the adoption of fuch meafures as would leave the 
 city of Hyderabad naked of Britifti troops. The Governor General, 
 however, forefeeing all the hazard to which the Britifh intereft at 
 Hyderabad might be expofed by the abfence of thofe troops, has not 
 judged it expedient to give pofitive orders for the recal of the two bat* 
 
 G
 
 N 
 
 46 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 tallons to Hyderabad, in order to leave them near the perfon of his 
 highnefs the Nizam, in compliance with the ftipulation of an article of 
 the treaty of Hyderabad. The Governor General left this point to the 
 difcretion of the refident at Hyderabad, who was, however, to have 
 reference to the Nizam's defires. The Governor General at the 
 fame time gave his opinion on the fubjedl of a better method of 
 fupplying the deficiency of BritiHi troops at Hyderabad ; which was, 
 to fend a detachment from the army aflembled on the frontiers of 
 the Myfore. His excellency, in confequence, made known to the 
 refident his intention of giving provifional inftrudions to that efFedl, 
 to the government of Fort St. George. 
 
 115. In conformity to that intention, the Governor General ad- 
 drefled a letter, dated 0th March 1S03, to the right honourable 
 governor of Fort St. George, praying his excellency to reprefent to 
 Lieutenant-general Stuart the propriety of giving orders to a detach- 
 ment compofed of two battalions of native foot to go to Hyderabad, 
 provided that this meafiire were compatible with the other military 
 arrangements. 
 
 1 1 6. His excellency Lieutenant-general Stuart having confented 
 to the fuggeftion, two battalions were detached from the main body 
 of the army ftationed on the frontiers of the Myfore, and reached 
 Hyderabad at the end of the month of April. 
 
 On the 1 7th February, the whole auxiliary army, commanded by- 
 Lieutenant- colonel Stevenfon, marched from Hyderabad towards the 
 frontiers of the Nizam's flates, for the purpofe of forming a jundlion 
 with the army of his highnefs the Nizam, and occupying a pre- 
 paratory pofition for the Nizam's army, which was on its march to 
 enter the Mahratta territory. On the 20th March, the auxiliary 
 troops of Great Britain, conjointly with the Nizam's contingent, 
 commanded by Colonel Stevenfon, encamped in the vicinity of
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. ir 
 
 j^crinda, near the wcftcrn frontiers of the Nizam; and on the 15th 
 April arrived at Ockloor, where they were reinforced by hi:-, Majefty's 
 Scotch brigade, detached from Major-general VVellcfley's army, and 
 afterwards by that general's grand army. 
 
 1 1 7. The detail of the correfpondence of the refidcnt at Hyderabad 
 with the commanding officer of the auxiliary forces, and the refident 
 at Poonah, according to the inflrudions of the Governor General, 
 3d February, will be found regiftercd in the confutation of the 29th 
 May and 22d June, 1803. 
 
 1 18. Before entering upon the operations of Major-general Wel- 
 lellcy, as direded by the inftrudlions of his excellency Lieutenant- 
 general Stuart, and the fubftancc of which is related in the 111th 
 paragraph, it is right to communicate to your honourable committee, 
 in general terms, the prbgrefs of our affairs at the court of Hyder- 
 abad, connedied with thofe of the Mahratta empire, up to the time 
 of the Peifliwah's return to Poonah. 
 
 1 19. The 90th paragraph of this difpatch fpeaks of the intention 
 of Jefwunt-Row-Holkar and Amrut-Row to fend Baboo-Furkeen on 
 a miffion to the court of Hyderabad. It like wife contains the 
 fubftancc of the inftrudions of the Governor General to the refident 
 at Hyderabad, relative to the reception of that emiffary. On the 
 24th February Baboo-Furkeen arrived at Hyderabad : the principal 
 objeifl of his miffion was, apparently, to endeavour to detach his 
 highnefs the Nizam from an alliance with the Britiffi government, 
 and re- unite the Nizam with Jefwunt-Row-Holkar, for the purpofe 
 of carrying into execution the plan which Jefwunt-Row-Holkar had 
 formed for the future adminiftration of the government of Poonah. 
 His highnefs the Nizam, however, declared, in an unequivocal man- 
 ner, the determination he had made to co-operate with the Britiffi 
 
 G 2
 
 48 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 government to replace the Peifliwah In the exercife of his legltimata 
 authority. Baboo-Furkeen, being foiled in his attempt to gain the 
 obje(£l of his million, delivered to his highnefs the Nizam a fpccifica- 
 tion of the demands of Jefwunt-Row-Holkar and Amrut-Row. Thefe 
 demands did not materially differ from thofe prefented in writing, at 
 different times, to the refident at Poonah. The court of Hyderabad 
 replied, in anfwer to the demands of Baboo-Furkeen, that the clofe 
 connexion eftablifhed between the Britifti government and the ftate 
 of Hyderabad rendered the previous confent of the Governor General 
 indifpenfably neceffary, before any decifion could be made on the 
 propofals of Baboo-Furkeen : that a negotiation of this nature was 
 exclufivcly confided by the Governor General to the refident at 
 Poonah : but that the propofitions and demands fubmitted by the 
 Mahratta envoy Ihould be communicated to the Governor General, 
 that he might take them into confideration. 
 
 120. The inftruftions of the Governor General to the refident 
 at Poonah, llth February, on the fubjeft of Holkar's demands, 
 appeared to his excellency applicable to the propofitions of the 
 Mahratta envoy at Hyderabad. The Governor General, therefore,, 
 deemed it ufelefs to give any other inftrudtion on the fubjc6l. 
 
 121. The detail of Baboo -Furkeen's negotiations at Hyderabad is 
 contained in the papers of the Qth May, No. 183, I98, 199, 200, 
 207, 208, 212, 213, 214, 243, 248, 270; and ofth^ 22d June, No. 
 72, 87, 90. 
 
 122. The communications which the Governor General received at 
 this period from the refident at Hyderabad, concerning the news' tranf- 
 mittcd by the agent of his highnefs the Nizam to the court of 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, or obtained by other channels, and particu- 
 larly the news of the arrival of Jadnow-row, the confidential minifter
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERXMENT IN INDIA. 49 
 
 of Scindcah to the court of the rajah of Berar, and that of the 
 continuation of the warlike preparations in the ftatcs of the rajah of 
 Berar, gave the Governor General in council fome rcalbns to fufpedl 
 the exiflencc of a confederacy (which has iince been brought to light) 
 between Dowlut-Row-Scindeah and the rajah of Berar, againfl the 
 interefts of the Britifh government and its allies. The rajah of 
 Berar had himfelf teftified, in a letter addreffed to the Nizam, his 
 entire difapprobation of the conclufion of the treaty of Baffein ; and, 
 by the recall of his vakeels from the court of Hyderabad, he further 
 manifefted his fentiments and intentions. 
 
 As to the detail of the circumftances and communications which 
 his highnefs the Nizam had with the rajah of Berar and Scindeah, 
 and which, on the Nizam's part, were wholly conduced according 
 to the true meaning of the Nizam's alliance with the Britifh govern- 
 ment, we fliall refer your honourable committee to the feries of 
 difpatches from the refident at Hyderabad, regiftered in the pro- 
 ceedings of the 9th May and 22d June, 1803. 
 
 MAJOR-GENERAL WELLESLEY. 
 
 1'23. The Governor General in council is now about to fubmit to 
 your honourable committee Major-general Wellefley's operations, 
 according to the inftructions of Lieutenant-general Stuart, the tenor 
 of which inftructions is contained in the I08th paragraph of this 
 tiifpatch. 
 
 124. Major-general Wellefley, on the Qth March, left Hurrighur,. 
 en the frontiers of the Myfore, and on the 12th crolTcd the river 
 Tumbuddra. The approach of the Britifh troops, and their march 
 acrofs the fouthern countries of the Peifliwah, engaged the chiefs and 
 Jaghirdars, at variance with each other, to lay their quarrels afide ;
 
 50 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF" 
 
 whilft, on the other hand, the opprelled inhabitants of thofc ruined 
 territories were thereby re-animated. Major-general Wellcfley, fa- 
 voured by every clafs of inhabitants, who all entertained the fame 
 fcntiments of refpect for the Britifli government, and were equally 
 defirous for the fuccefs of the caufc in which it was engaged, had it 
 in their power to give the army great affillancc throughout its whole 
 march. This favourable impreffion muft be principally attributed to 
 the perfonal confidence of the chiefs, as well as the inhabitants, in 
 the ability, jullice, and honour, of Major-general Wellcfley. Juflicc 
 fhould alfo be done to the merit, judgment, character, and activity, 
 of that diflinguifhed officer, who fo advantageoufly directed the 
 fupply, as well as the movement, of his troops, to prevent pillage 
 and every other excefs, and to conciliate the inhabitants of the dif- 
 tricts through which he pafTcd. 
 
 125. The Britilli army was joined on its march by the greater 
 part of the chiefs and Jaghirdars of thofe territories. Neverthelefs, 
 no fpecific engagement has been concluded with them ; but they 
 have been afTured that they fhould be particularly recommended to 
 the Peifliwah's favour, if they continued, by their conducir, to deferve 
 it. Several of thofe chiefs, who had incurred the Peifliwah's dif- 
 pleafure, united with the Britifli troops, on the promife of the Britifli 
 government to exert its influence to reflore them to the confidence of 
 their fovereign. 
 
 126. A circumftantial detail of the ftate of the chiefs and Jaghir- 
 dars in the fouthern parts of the Peifhwah's empire, and a lift of 
 thofe who joined the army commanded by Major-general Wellefley, 
 are minuted in the regiflers, No. 48, 4y ; 9th May, 1803. 
 
 12/. On the 15th April Major-general Wellefley formed a junction 
 with the auxiliary forces and the troops of his highncfs the Nizarn, 
 
 •*
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 51 
 
 under the command of Colonel Stevenfon. The detachments of the 
 army of Jefwunt-]low-Holkar, under the command of Futteh-Sing 
 and Mccr-Khan, the firft of which had gone as far fouth as Mcriteh, 
 and the latter had occupied a poft on the Nizam's frontiers near 
 Bcjopoar, retreated as the army of Major-general Wellefley advanced. 
 The approach of Major-general Wellefley determined Jefwunt-Row- 
 Holkar to fall back from Poonah to Chandorc, a town fituated about 
 ].30 miles north-eaft of Poonah, and Amrut-Row alone remained at 
 Poonah with about 1500 men. 
 
 I 
 128. From thefe circumftances, it appeared to Major-general 
 Wellefley neceflary to advance to Poonah with all the troops deftined 
 for the re-eftablifliment of the Peifhvvah in his dates; and as the 
 country was extremely impoveriflied, and a great quantity of forage 
 was wanted, Major-general Wellefley refolved fo to difpofe of his 
 troops that they could provide themfelvcs with forage and fubfiftencc, 
 and yet eafily unite in cafe it fliould become ncceflary. Major- 
 general Wellefley confequently ordered Colonel Stevenfon to quit his 
 poft near Akloos and go to Gardoon, leaving near that poft, in the 
 Nizam's territory, his highnefs's troops; and gave him orders to place 
 himfelf, with his Britannic Majefty's auxiliary troops, on the river 
 Bheemah, towards Poonah, near the place where it unites with the 
 river Mota-Mola. 
 
 129. After having completed thefe arrangements. General Wel- 
 lefley continued his march towards Poonah, by the route of Bara- 
 mooty. The general had, at different times, been informed by 
 Colonel Clofe that Amrut-Row, who was flill at Poonah, intended 
 to plunder and burn that city upon the approach of the Britifli troops. 
 The Peifhwah, who was then at BafTein, intreated General Wellefley 
 to detach fome men from his highnefs's troops, to provide for the
 
 52 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 fafety of his highnefs's family, which was ftill at Poonah. It was 
 evident, that although even General Wellefley might have obtained 
 officers from his highnefs's troops who would have marched towards 
 Poonah, the army would not have been fufficiently numerous and 
 ftrong to impede the execution of the project of Amrut-Row ; for 
 this reafon, General Wellefley refolved to begin his route with the 
 Englifli cavalry, and the Mahratta troops belonging to the Peifliwah, 
 as foon as the Britifli army fhould arrive within a forced march of 
 Poonah. In the mean while, news was received that Amrut-Row 
 was flill in the vicinity of Poonah on the 18th April, and had fent 
 the Peifliwah's family into the fortrefs of Saogur, a flep which w^as 
 fuppofed to announce the deftructlon of the town. General Wel- 
 lefley, in confequence, fet off during the night of the IQth April, 
 1803, and directed his courfe over a country extremely rugged and 
 uneven, and by a difficult paflage, the little Bhoor-ghaut, about 4Q 
 miles from Poonah, where he arrived at the head of the Englifli 
 cavalry, 20th April, 1 803, after having performed, fmcc the morning 
 of the 19th, about Oo miles in 32 hours. Early in the morning of 
 the 20th Amrut-Row received intelligence of the march of the 
 Britifh army, and made a precipitate retreat, leaving the town 
 uninjured. Major-general Wellefley and the Britifli troops were 
 hailed as the deliverers of the city. The few inhabitants who had 
 remained, and thofe who had left their habitations and fled to the 
 neighbouring mountains during Holkar's ufurpation, gave a proof of 
 their confidence in the Britifli government, by returning immediately 
 to their refpectlve houfes, and refuming their different occupations. 
 It is a circumfliance honourable to the Englifli character, and happy 
 for our interefl:s in that part of India, that the firfl: effects of the 
 Britifli influence over the Mahratta empire had been the prefervation 
 of the capital of the empire from impending ruin, and the refcue of 
 its inhabitants from violence and rapine.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. M- 
 
 130. The detail of Major-general Wellcfley's operations in his 
 march acrofs the Mahratta territories, until his arrival at Poonah, may 
 be feen in his difpatches addrefled to Lieutenant-general Stuart. 
 Copies have been tranfmitted to the Governor General by the right 
 honourable Lord Clive, in his excellency's difpatches, which are regif- 
 tered in the papers No. 2Q, 32, 30, 38, iO, 50, 55, Qth May, 1803, and 
 No. 1, 0, 8, 22nd January, 1803. 
 
 FORT ST. GEORGE. 
 
 131. It is to the purpofe here to cafl an eye over the military difpo- 
 fitions adopted at Fort St. George, after the departure of the army of 
 Major-general Wcllcfley, from Hurryhar towards Poonah, gth March. 
 
 132. The grand army continued to occupy the fouthern banks 
 of the Toomhuddra, for the purpofe of prefcrving tranquillity in the 
 Britifh poffelTions, and prote6ling, againft foreign attack, the ceded 
 diftrifts and the territories of the Myfore Rajah, as well as thofe of the 
 Nizam, by keeping in check the fouthern Jaghirdars of the Mahratta 
 empire, and being always ready to give affifi:ance to the troops, which 
 were marching in front. 
 
 133. Lieutenant-general Stuart being of opinion, that the above- 
 mentioned plans would be better effc(5led by placing his army beyond 
 the frontiers, and Lord Clive being of the fame opinion, the army 
 crofled the Toombuddra in the month of A'lay, and marched towards 
 Moodgul, a place fituate between the Kiftna and the Toombuddra, 
 where it arrived at the end of the faid month. — 2gth Dec. No. 1 1 0, 
 IIQ, 123, 124, 125. 
 
 H
 
 5tt HISTORY 0.F THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 POONAH. 
 
 151. The numerous and different communications contained in the 
 difpatches of the refident at Poonah, addrelTed to the Governor 
 General, from the conclufion of the treaty of Baflein, to the return of 
 his highnefs the Peishvvah to Poonah, prevent the inclofing in this 
 difpatch an exadl recital of the operations of that officer and of the 
 different events which had occurred during the refidence of his high- 
 nefs the Pelfliwah at Baflein. The refident at Poonah has already fent 
 to your honourable committee, the particulars of the operations and 
 tranfacftions in that part during the period abovementioned, and the 
 detail of thofe tranfaftions and operations is regiftered in the minutes 
 of the 21ft of July, 1803, No. lOo, l03, 172,173, 182, 183, 185, 
 105, 109, 200, 201, 203, 208, 211, 215, 2l6, 217, 221, 222, 22 1, 
 and of the Qth May, ] 803. 
 
 135. The Governor General in council thinks it right to acquaint 
 you with the correfpondence eftabliflied between the refident at Poonah, 
 and Jefwunt-Row-Holkar, on the fubje£t of accommodating the dlf^ 
 putes which exifted between that chief and his highnefs the Peifhwah, 
 and to refer particularly to the papers which contain the detail of that 
 correfpondence. 
 
 130. On the ift of January, 1803, the refident received a letter 
 from Jefwunt-Row-Holkar, who was then' at Poonah. In that letter 
 he exprefl'ed his defire to be reconciled with his highnefs the Peifhwah ; 
 and nearly at the fame time, the vakeels went from Holkar to the 
 place where the Peifliwah refided, and communicated to Colonel Clofe 
 the propofitions with which they were charged. — Thefe propofitions 
 were, 
 
 ift. That the Peifhwah fhould pay Jufwunt-Row-Holkar a crore 
 of rupees to defray the expenfcs of his army.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 55 
 
 2nd. That his hlghncfs fliould make over a fortrefs to Jeuvunt-Row- 
 Holkar. 
 
 3rd. That his highnefs fliould compel Scindcah to liberate Khandy- 
 Rovv-Holkar from prifon, and to acknowledge Khandy-Row- 
 Holkar as the chief and reprefentative of the family of llolkar. 
 Thefe propofitions were confidcrcd by the Pcifliwah, as extrava- 
 gant in the highefi: degree. 
 
 137. The refident tranfmitted to the Governor General a copy of 
 the anfwer which he made to Jefvvunt-Row-Holkar's letter, in which 
 anfwer Colonel Clofe informed that chief of the treaty concluded at 
 BafTein, and charged him to make known to the Governor General his 
 defires and fentiments in refped: to the differences fubfifting between 
 him and his highnefs the Peifhwah, fignifying, that his excellency 
 would be difpofcd to adjuft their difputes on jufl: and equitable 
 principles, (2 ill July, 1803, No. ISl, 182, 183, and 184.) 
 
 138, In compliance with the refolution, which the Governor General 
 had taken, to make ufe of all poffible means to cffedt the reinte- 
 gration of his highnefs the Pcifliwah, by means of an amicable nego- 
 tiation, the Governor General, on the ] Ith February 18O8, gave in- 
 fl:ru£tions to the refident at Poonah on the fubjed: of the proportions 
 oi' Jefwunt-Row-Holkar. 
 
 13Q. His excellency was of the fame opinion as the Pcifliwah, and 
 confidered Holkar's propofitions as almoft inadmiffible ; and thought 
 that the right of Caflier-Row to fucceed his father, the late Tuckojee- 
 Holkar, could not be difputed : that, confequently, every demand 
 founded on the violation of that right mufi: be rejected: that terms of 
 accommodation between the Pcifliwah and Holkar fliould be offered to 
 Holkar, as far as the Pcifliwah fliould be authorifed, and policy permit 
 him to grant them: that his highnefs fliould even offer a fum of mo- 
 
 H 2
 
 S6 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 ney to Holkar, on condition of his immediately quitting Poonah'; and 
 that it would be to the advantage of his highnefs to grant Holkar a 
 fort, and jaghire or province, if, by fuch a facrifice, the tranquillity of 
 the Dekkan could be purchafcd. 
 
 140. The refident was charged to fignify to Holkar, that the Brilifli 
 government and the Peifhwah would ufe their influence to bring about 
 an accommodation between Scindeah and Holkar. The refident was 
 further charged to remonfhrate againft the injuftice of Holkar's demand, 
 and to demand, in the name of the Britifh government and the Peifh- 
 wah, that Holkar fhould leave Poonah, and ceafe his oppofition to the 
 Peifhwah's re-eftablishment, giving him to underftand, that if he re- 
 fufed to liften to reafonable terms of accommodation, the allied army 
 would compel him to fubmit to the lawful authority of his fovereign. 
 Inftru6lions were therefore, at the fame time, gi"en to the refident at 
 the court of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, and he was charged to point out 
 to Dowlut-Row-Scindeah the advantage that would refult to him, if 
 he would confent for the British government to arbitrate the difputes 
 between him and Holkar. 
 
 141. The detail of the correfpondence eftablished between the refi- 
 dent at Poonah and Jefwunt-Row-Holkar, as well as the communica- 
 tions which he made to the Peishwah, on the fubjeft of an accommo- 
 dation between his highnefs and Jefwunt-Rovv- Holkar, are regiftered in 
 theminutesof the 2lil: February 1803, No. 131, -181, 182, 183, 184, 
 ig5, ig6, \Q7, 203, 208, 20Q, 210, 21 1, 212, 213, 214, 215. It is 
 here fufficient to lay, that Holkar's refufal of relaxing any thing from 
 the demands which he had made to the Peishwah, and his highnefs's 
 indignation at the treacherous conduct and exorbitant demands of his 
 real fuhjc<^s, prevented the refident from fucceeding in the aim of the 
 inflrudioni of the Governor General, dated 1 1th February.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 57 
 
 142. The refident at Pobnah, according to the inftrudlons he had 
 received from the Governor General, eftablished a correfpondence be- 
 tween Lieutenant-general Stuart and the government of Bombay, and 
 Major-general Wellefley and Colonel Stevenfon The details of thofe 
 inftrudions will be found in the confultations of the 9th May, No. 133, 
 134, 135, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145. 
 
 BOMBAY. 
 
 143, During Major-general Wellefley 's approach towards Poonah, 
 . difpofitions were made at Bombay for the return of his highneis the 
 
 Peishwah to his capital. The detachment of the Britifli troops de- 
 figned for the immediate defence of his highnefs the Peishwah at Baf- 
 fein was increafed, on the reprefentation of the refident at Poonah, and 
 put under the proteftion of his Majefty's 84th regiment, commanded 
 by Colonel Murray. For the detail of his highnefs's route towards 
 Poonah, and of the meafures adopted on that occafion, your honorable 
 committee is referred to the confultations of the 22d June 1 803, No. 44, 
 45, 40, 53, 54, 55, 56. 
 
 144. His highnefs arrived at Chinchore on the 6th of May, and had 
 a conference with the honorable Major-general Wellefley ; and on 
 the 13th of the fame month his highnefs, accompanied by his brother 
 Chimmajee-Appa, and4)y a numerous retinue of the principal chiefs of 
 the Mahratta empire, marched towards the city of Poonah, and after 
 having entered his palace, refumed his feat on the Mufnud, and re- 
 ceived the prefents of his principal fervants.
 
 5ft HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OV 
 
 DOWLUT-ROVV-SCINDEAH. 
 
 145. To preferve the connecflion in the account of the tranfadions 
 and operations, it is requifite here to pay attention to the journey of 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah towards the Dekkan, and to the negotiations 
 which have taken place at his court between that chief and the Britifh 
 refident, after the arrival of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah at Boorhampour. 
 
 146. Dowlut-Row-Scindeah was at Oujcin, the capital of his em- 
 pire in the province of Malwah, when he was informed of the defeat 
 of his army under the command of Suddaflier-Bhow, at Poonah, by 
 the forces of Jefwunt-Row-Holkar. Dowlut-Row-Scindeah imme- 
 diately fet about uniting and augmenting his forces, with the inten- 
 tion of marching againft Holkar. 
 
 147. Dowlut-Row-Scindeah left Oujein in the month of Novem- 
 ber 1802, and was afterwards joined by Ambujee, and the Bhies, or 
 
 Jadies of the family of the lall Madajee-Scindeah, with their refpedlive 
 forces. (Confultations 22d February 1803, No. 22, 23 and 24.) 
 
 148. On the I 3th January, Dowlut-Row-Scindeah took poffeffion 
 of Mehyfur, the principal city belonging to Holkar's family. On the 
 23d January, Dowlut-Row-Scindeah arrived on the banks of the Ner- 
 budda, which river he croffed on the 4th Febrtiary. From the Ner- 
 budda, Dowlut-Row-Scindeah continued his march towards Boorham- 
 pour, where he arrived on the 20th February. 
 
 149. By the detached letter of the Governor General, addrcffed to 
 your honorable committee on the 24th December 1802, your ho- 
 norable committee has been informed that the Governor General had 
 determined to employ, conjointly with the meafures which Ihould be
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 59 
 
 adopted to re-cftablini the Pcifliwah on the Mufnud of Poonah, the 
 renewal of the propofitions of the Brltifli government to Dowlut-Kow- 
 Scindcah, to admit him to the advantages of the defenfive alhance. 
 Conformably to that refolution, the refident at the court of Scindeah, 
 received orders to fet off immediately for Futteghur, to repair to the 
 camp of the chief, for the purpofe of concerting with Scindeah, the 
 means for reftoring his hlghnefs the Peifhwah to the Mufnud of Poo- 
 nah, and to propofe to Scindeah the terms on which that chief fliould 
 be admitted into the general defenfive treaty concluded with the 
 Pcifliwah. 
 
 J 50. Thofe inflirudions which are contained in the letters addreffed 
 to the refident to Dovvlut-Row-Scindeah, under dates of the l/th 
 and 29th November 1802, are detailed in our minutes of the 22d 
 February, No. 1 1 , A. lO, A. 
 
 151. On the 13th December 1802, the Governor General received 
 a letter from Dowlut-Row-Scindeah,in which he made him acquainted 
 with his departure from Oujein, to go to the Dekkan, for the purpofe 
 of re-eftablifliing order and tranquillity in that country, and teftified 
 the defire he had, that, in confideration of the good underfi:anding 
 ■which fubfifted between the Britifh government and the Peifliwah, 
 and the connexion in which Scindeah found himfelf with regard to 
 the two ftates as guaranty of the treaty of Salbye, the Britifli govern- 
 ment, " in concert and concurrently with Scindeah, would confider as 
 the obje(5l of its aLtention, the confirmation of the attachment and 
 of the eftabliflied union, and the maintenance of the obligations of 
 amity and refped towards his highnefs the Peifhwah, conformably to 
 the engagements which had heretofore exifted." 
 
 152. In confidering the equivocal ftyleand referve which generally 
 diftinguiflies the Mahratta writings, and in paying attention to the 
 affairs of Dowlut- Row- Scindeah, and to the evident motives which
 
 60 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 fway his views and interefts, it is not without reafon judged that the 
 expreffions above quoted comprehend, on the part of Dowlut-Row- 
 Scindeah, the propoiition to induce the Britifli government to co-ope- 
 rate in re-eftablilhing the Peifhwah on the Mufnud of Poonah, in 
 terms as dired; as thole which are generally adopted by the Mahrattas 
 in their political correfpondence. 
 
 153. Every fort of doubt on this fubject was, notwithftanding, 
 removed, in the fequel, by the receipt of a copy of the anfwcr which 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah made to the letter of the refident at Poonah, 
 addreffed to that chief the gth January, 1803. By that letter he 
 announced to Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, that treaties of defenfive alliance 
 had been concluded between the Britifli government and the Peilhwah, 
 and that a Britifli army would be ftationed in the ftatcs of the 
 Peifhwah, in virtue of thofe fame engagements ; and expreffed the 
 hope that the Governor General entertained, that Duwlut-Row- 
 Scindcah would co-operate with the Britilh government to arrange 
 the Peiftiwah's affairs, and to re-eftablifli his highnefs's authority at 
 Poonah. In anfwer to that letter Dowlut-Row-Scindeah wrote to 
 the refident at Poonah in thefe terms : 
 
 " I have been honoured with your agreeable letter, in which you 
 give me to underftand, that as relations of amity had long fubfiftcd 
 between the Peilhwah Saheb-Behauder and the Englifli company, 
 engagements with Behauder refpccting a defenfive alliance have been 
 concluded between the two ftates, and that confequently, in con- 
 fidering the events which had occurred at Poonah, the Governor 
 General had refolved to fend an army into that part, for the purpofe, 
 with my confent and co-operation, of punifliing the rebels. In truth, 
 my friend, the old relations of amity and union which exift between 
 the different flates render ncccffary fuch a deilgn, and fuch a co- 
 operation. My army, which has marched from Oiijein to the
 
 THE BRITISH GOVRRNMENT IN IXDIA. 61 
 
 ©ekkan, with the intention of laying the dull: of trouble and chaf- 
 tifing the infolcnt, crofTcd the Nerbudda on the 8th February under 
 :happy aufpices, and will foon arrive at Boorhampour. My friend 
 Colonel Collins, who, from the orders of his excellency the moft 
 noble Governor General, has quitted Fcrruckabad to come to this 
 place, may be expected to join me in fome days, fo that the intcrefts 
 of the different flates may be confolidatcd, and admit of no diftinction, 
 upon the arrival of my army at Boorhampour. I fliall hereafter in- 
 form you of the meafures which will be judged ncceflary for the ar- 
 rangement and termination of the affairs. God wills that, by his di- 
 vine favor and an amicable co-operation, the evil deeds of the wicked 
 llaould effedually ceafe." 
 
 154. It is evident, that thcfe words make known, not only Scin- 
 deah's concurrence in the concluflon of the defenfive engagements 
 between the Britifli government and the Peifliwah, and in the march 
 of a Britifli army to re-efiablifh his highnefs the Peifliwah on the 
 Mufniid of Poonah; but alfo the intention, which that chief had, to 
 concur in accomplifliing the defign, by combining the employment of 
 his military forces with thofe of the Britifh government. 
 
 155. The Governor General rn council is therefore convinced, that, 
 at the period of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's addreffing to the Governor 
 General, the letter, the fubftance of w^hich is recited in the 15lfi; pre- 
 ceding paragraph, Dowlut-Row-Scindeah defired to obtain the co-ope- 
 ration of the Britifli government, to deflroy the power of Jefwunt- 
 Row-Holkar, and to replace his highnefs the Peifliwah upon the 
 Mufnud of Poonah, and that Dowlut-Row-Scindcah's view in writing 
 that letter to him, was to requefl his co-operation. 
 
 150. But it is now evident that the fubfequent views of Dowlut- 
 How-Scindeah, were not to reftore the Peifliwah, to his highnefs's 
 
 1
 
 62 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 antient legitimate authority, but to refutne the afcendancy and undue 
 influence which his Durbar had exercifed in the Mahratta empire, 
 and which he had loil by the fuccefs of Jefwunt-Row-Kolkar, and 
 the fubverfion of the government of Poonah. 
 
 15/. From the demand made by Dowlut-Ilow-Scindcah for the 
 co-operation of the Britifli power, the Governor General in Council 
 confidently hoped, that this chief would have heartily concurred in 
 the meafures which might be adopted by the Britifh government, to 
 re-eftablifh the Peifliwah on the Mufnud of Poonah, a flep which ap- 
 peared, on every account, neceffary for the re-eftablifliment of Scindeah's 
 affairs in the Mahratta empire. 
 
 158. According to the inftrudions which the Governor General 
 gave to the refident at Poonah, the fubftance of which is related in 
 the 52nd paragraph preceding. Colonel Collins fet off from Futteghur 
 on the 20th December, 1802, and on the 27th February, 1803, ar- 
 rived in the vicinity of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's camp near Boorham- 
 pour. 
 
 159. Colonel Collins, on the 4th of this month, received a difpatch 
 from the refident at Poonah, wherein he communicated to him the 
 conclufion of the treaty of Baffein, and apprifed colonel Collins that 
 he had tranfmitted the news thereof to Dowlut-RowScindeah. 
 Colonel Collins thought it right, without lofs of time, to announce to 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah his knowledge of the treaty, and to acquaint 
 the chief that he was authorifed by the Governor General to contraiH:, 
 with him, engagements, ftmilar to thofe concluded with his highnefs 
 the Peifliwah. Upon this communication, colonel Collins received 
 an anfwer from Dowlut-Row-Scindcah, whereby he referred the moft 
 important points of Colonel Collins's letter to a perfonal conference.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 63 
 
 160. The correfpondence of colonel Collins during his march to 
 Scindeah's camp (Confultation 22nd Feb. 1802, No. 24, 25, 27, 2Q, 
 30, 32) comprehends no other points of fuch importance, as to draw 
 particular attention in the courfe of this difpatch. The Governor 
 General in council, therefore, confiders it fufficient to refer your ho- 
 nourable committee to the minutes, in which that part of Colonel 
 Collins's correfpondence is regiftcred. (Confultation, 2lft April, No. 
 12, 13, 14, 15, 17.) 
 
 101. On the ift March, 1803, colonel Collins paid his firft viflt to 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, and was received with marks of refped: and 
 
 attention. 
 
 102. Colonel Collins's negotiations with Dowlut-Row-lSclndeah 
 being extremely important, as they contain the evidence of the unjuft 
 views and intentions of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, as well as the folicitude 
 and ferious efforts of the Britifh government, to bring about the juft 
 and moderate aim of its policy by mild means, the Governor General 
 in council confiders, that he fliould relate the progress of thofe ne- 
 gotiations in the courfe of this difpatch, by paying attention to the 
 inftrudions tranfmitted to the refident in the order of the dates. 
 
 163. Although Dowlut-Row-Scindeah had been informed by a 
 letter, which the Governor General had addrefled to that chief on the 
 fubjed of Colonel Collins's miflion, as well as by the rcfident's letter, 
 which is mentioned in the 15Qth foregoing paragraph, that he was 
 charged with propofitions of an important nature, Dowlut Row-Scin- 
 deah prolonged the commencement of the negotiation on frivolous 
 pretexts, and endeavoured to fhake it off, until the 11th of March, a 
 period at which he gave Colonel Collins an opportunity of fubmitting 
 to him, in general terms, the propofitions with which that refident 
 
 I 2
 
 64 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 was charged on the part of the Brltifli government. (21 ft April, No, 
 27, 28, 29, and 3 J.) 
 
 1O4. Colonel Collins told Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, that he was 
 charged toconfult with him upon the moft efficacious way of reftoring 
 tranquillity in the Dekkan ; that he was likewife to offer Scindeah 
 the mediation of the Britifh government, for effefting a reconciliation 
 between him and Jefwunt-Row-Holkar, and that the government 
 uniformly defiring to cement and ftrengthen the relations of amity and 
 alliance which had fo long exifted between his highnefs the Peifliwah, 
 Scindeah, and the Brltifli government, had moreover charged Colonel 
 Collins to make Scindeah the offer, to admit him to the advantages of 
 the defenflve alliance, upon the terms recently concluded with his 
 highnefs the Peifhwah. 
 
 165. To this communication, one of Sclndeah's principal minlfters 
 anfwered, on his mafter's behalf, that the Important nature of thofe 
 proportions rendered mature deliberation upon the anfwers to be given 
 to them abfolutely neceflary, and defired that fome time might be 
 granted for it. The minlfter, however, accompanied this anfwer 
 •with affurances of Sclndeah's dlfpofition to concur in the defires of 
 the Britilli government. 
 
 lOO. On the lOth of March, one of the minlfters of Dowlut-Row- 
 Scindeah came to fee the refident, for the purpofe of communicating 
 the anfwer which he had been charged to make to h'un in the fol- 
 lowing view: That in regard to the propofitlons of confultlng with 
 Dowlut-Row-Sclndeah, on the moft cffe<S:ual means of rcftoring and 
 maintaining tranquillity in the Dekkan, they were conformable to the 
 relations of amity which exifted between the two ftates. 
 
 jO/. That with regard to the mediation propofed by the Britllh
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 65 
 
 government, to effcd. a reconciliation between Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, 
 and Jefwunt-Row-Holkar, the niinifter bad been charged to obferve, 
 that the atfairs of Scindcah's family and Holkar had always been com- 
 mon, or rather made but one clafs, and that, hitherto, the difputes 
 which had arifen amongft them, were, in like manner, done away. 
 
 168. Upon the remark made by colonel Collins, tliat in every thing 
 which the minifter had difclofed in his anfwer, he gave no direct 
 anfwer, either to the firft or fecond proportion, he replied, that Scin- 
 dcah had not told him, whether it was his intention to accede to, or 
 rejedl thofe propofitions, and that he had propofed to Colonel Collins all 
 that he was authorifed to fay on thefe points. 
 
 1O9. With regard to the third proportion, the minifter obferved, 
 that Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, who was guarantee of the treaty of Salbye, 
 had been aftoniftied that the laft defenfive alliance was concluded 
 between the Peifhwah and the Britifla government, without his being 
 informed of it before. That after having perfonally conferred with the 
 Peilhwah, Scindeah would be informed of the real ftate of the circum- 
 ftances, and he would afterwards acfl in that manner which fhould 
 appear convenient and proper. 
 
 170. The argument founded on the fituation in which Dowlut- 
 Row-Scindeah finds himfelf, between the Britifh government and the 
 Peifliwah, as guarantee of the treaty, had already influenced and 
 directed the inflru^llonsaddrefled, by the Governor General, to Colonel 
 Collins, on the 20th November, 1802, and ] 1th February, 1 803, papers 
 of which mention has. been made, in paragraphs 140 and 150 of this 
 difpatch. 
 
 171. The Governor General in the inftruAions given on this fubje<fl 
 obferved, that to make the Peishwah rcfponfiblc to Scindeah, for the
 
 66 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 acts of his adminlftration, as the acknowledged, executive chief of the 
 Mahratta empire, would be to deftroy the relations exifting between 
 them ; that the Peifhwah muft be confidered as free to contract any 
 engagement that he might judge fuitable, independently of the will 
 of every other inferi -r member of the Mahratta ftate ; that in his 
 quality of guarantee of the treaty of Salbye, Scindeah was fimply au- 
 thorifed to compel the execution of the treaty in its true fenfe, by that 
 party which might go from the ftipulations which it contained ; that 
 in this quality, he could not be confidered as having the power to 
 prevent the contracting p irtics from concluding a further engagement, 
 or even of revoking the ftipulations of the treaty of Salbye by mutual 
 confent, and that at all events, his interefts and dignity, as a member 
 of the Mahratta empire, x- ere talien fufHciently into confideration by 
 the effect of the offer th.tt was made to admit him as a contracting 
 party, into the defcnllve treaty with the Peifliwah, or to contract iepa- 
 rate engagements between him and the Britifli government upon the 
 bafis of that treaty. 
 
 ] 72. Therefore, to anfwer the evafive pretext of wifhing to be confult- 
 ed in his quality of guarantee of the treaty ot Salbye, before the conclu- 
 fion of any engagement which might partake of the nature of thofe 
 contracted with the Peilliwah, Colonel Collins made ufe of the argu- 
 ments fuggeiled by the inftru<flions of the Governor General. 
 
 173. To anfwer the defire which Dowlut-Row-Scindeah rnanifefted, 
 as to the neceflity of a perfonal conference with the Peifhwah, before 
 he came to any refblution on the fubjeft of the third propofition, Co- 
 lonel Collins obferved, that it either implied a doubt of the adual 
 conclufion of dcfenfive engagements with the Peifhwah, of which, 
 however, Scindeah had been officially informed, as well by himfell as 
 by Colonel Clofe ; or to indicate a defign of feeking to prevent the ful- 
 filment of the arrangements lately concluded between the Britifh go-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMKNT IN INDIA. 67 
 
 vernment and the Pcilhwah ; and Colonel Collins gave him to undcr- 
 ftand, that fuch an intention on the part of Scindeah would un- 
 doubtedly be confidered by the Britifli government as a breaeh of the 
 relations of amity exifting between the two ftates. To thefe obferva- 
 tions the miniller declared he was not authorifed to return any 
 anfwer. 
 
 17-4- The minutes of this conference were taken down in writing 
 by Scindeah's minifter ; but the refident did not receive the above, 
 as an anfwer, until the 24th March, the time at which he obtained a 
 conference with Dowlut-Row-Scindeah. 
 
 175. Colonel Collins began his conference by expreffing the 
 fatisfadlion that he felt in having a perfonal converfation, and 
 the hope he had formed of obtaining a knowledge of the real 
 fcntiments and intentions of that chief ; he afterwards remarked, 
 that the Governor General had fuppofed that the friendly propofitlons 
 with which the refident had been charged, could not fail to be agree- 
 able to Dowlut-Row-Sclndeah, and he expreffed his regret that the 
 indecifive nature of the anfwers which Scindeah's minifter had made 
 to thofe propofitions, made it believed that the court of Scindeah was 
 diffatisfied with the condud; which the Britifli government had adhered 
 to in the late troubles of the Mahratta empire. 
 
 ] 7^. Colonel Collins then obferved, that the timely interpofition of 
 the Britilh government had not only preferved the acknowledged 
 chief of the Mahratta empire from the deftrudion which threatened 
 him, and frullrated the ambitious projedts of Jefwunt-Row-Holkar, 
 after the defeat of the united forces of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah and the 
 Peifliwah by Holkar's arms, but had alfo prevented the injury 
 which the power and interefts of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah muH have 
 felt by the elevation of his enemies to the fupreme authority of the
 
 68 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 Mahratta empire, an event which could only have been prevented by 
 the efforts of the Britifli government. 
 
 ^77- The refident concluded by demanding, with earneflnefs, that 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah would declare his real feritiments and in- 
 tentions. 
 
 178. In anlwer to the refidcnt's obfervations, Scindeah's minifters 
 abandoned their firft pretenfion, concerning the right of Scindeah to 
 be confulted, as guarantee of the treaty of Salbye, before the conclufion 
 of any new engagement between the Britifh government and his 
 highnefs the Peifliwah, and they acknowledged that the meafures of 
 the Britifli government had produced great advantage to Dowlut- 
 Row-Scindeah, but insifted that the Peifliwah ought to have informed 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah of the terms of the treaty which he had con- 
 cluded with the Britifli government, 
 
 1 79. Colonel Collins reminded them of the conftant amity which 
 the Peifliwah had always fliewn towards Dowlut-Row-Scindcah, and 
 afterwards required the communication of Scindeah's anfvvers to the 
 ■friendly propositions of the Britifli government ; he moreover insifted 
 upon a sincere explanation of the intention of Scindeah with regard to 
 the treaty of Baffcin, 
 
 180. Dovvlut-Rovv-Scindeali f;iid that he could give no decisive 
 anfwer to the propositions of the Britifli government, before the refult 
 of a conference which he propofed to have with the agent, deputed to 
 his camp, on the part of the Peifliwah, whofe arrrival was cxpcded 
 every inflant. 
 
 181. Dowlut-Row-Scindeah then made a clear declaration as 
 follows :
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA'. G9 
 
 *' That he had no intention to impede the performance of tht 
 arrangements lately concluded between the Pcifhwah and the Britifh 
 -government ; but that he fliould on the contrary desire to perfc<5l the 
 amity which then exiftcd bctwecft the Peifliwah, the Britlfh govern- 
 ment, and his own ftatcs." (^gth May, No. ]y2.) 
 
 182. Five days after this unequivocal declaration, one of Scindeah's 
 minifters waited upon the resident and made fevcral rcmonftrances on 
 behalf of Scindeah, againft the approach of the Britifh troops towards 
 Poonah, accompanying thefe rcmonftrances with intreating that orders 
 might be given to prevent their proceeding any further. The march 
 of the Britifli troops towards Poonah was, however, the ncceflary con- 
 fequence of the arrangements concluded between the Britifh govern- 
 ment and the Pelfhwah ; in the way of which arrangements Scindeah 
 had by his declaration promifed to place no obftaclc. Before the con- 
 clufion of the conference, the resident aflured Scindeah's minifter that 
 it was not in his power to prevent the march of the Britifh troops, and 
 that by a reference to the fuprcme government they could not expe(fl 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's defires to be of any cfFett, fince the Britifh 
 troops would be at Poonah before they could receive any order to flop 
 their march 
 
 183. On the 8th of April the resident went to the Durbar to de- 
 ilver to Scindeah a letter which the Governor General had addreiTed 
 to Dowlut-Row- Scindeah in confequence of an unjuft demand made 
 by fome of Scindeah's officers, at the court of Hyderabad, for the pay- 
 ment of the chout. In that letter the Governor General took the 
 opportunity of ofTering the mediation of the Britifh government to 
 accommodate the difputes which fubfifted between the Nizam and 
 Dovvlut-Row-Scindeah, 
 
 184. This letter was received with dcmonflrations of extreme rc- 
 
 K
 
 70 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 fped, and fatisfadory rcafons were afterwards given on the fubject of 
 the complaint; but neither at this nor at any other time did Scindeah 
 and his minifters take notice of the paragraph in the letter of the Go- 
 vernor General, wherein he faid that Colonel Collins was charged to 
 concert with Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, the means of efFoctmg an 
 amicable accommodation of the differences which exifted between him 
 and Jefvvunt-Row-Holkar, and all the methods employed by the 
 refident to attract Scindeah's attention to that fubject have been inef- 
 fectual. Colonel Collins perceived in his converfation, that the court 
 of Scindeah was equally alarmed and diffatisfied with the approach of 
 the Britiftiarmy towards Poonah. (22d June, No. 35.) 
 
 185. On the 18th April, Ectul-Punth, who afterwards negotiated 
 the treaty of peace, concluded by Major-general Weilcfley, with 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, at Serje- Anjengaum, waited upon the refident 
 accompanied by the miniller, who had before directed the conferences 
 with Colonel Collins. Ectul-Punth at firft fupported the right of Scin- 
 deah as guarantee of the treaty of Salbye, to be mediator between the 
 Britifh government and the Peiftiwah, in the treaty of Baffein. The 
 refident referred him back to the anfwer which had already, on a prior 
 occafion, been given to that propofition, and which is pointed out in 
 the 1 70th preceding paragraph. 
 
 180. Scindeah's minifler then obfcrved, that the approach of the 
 Britifli troops had been caufed by doubts and fufpicions in Scindeah's 
 Durbar. In the courfe of this conference, which was marked by a 
 great degree of intemperance and defcnfive violence on the part of 
 Ectul-Punth, that minifter, in an elevated and infulting tone of 
 voice, demanded whether it was intended, by the treaty of Baflein, 
 to take the turban from Scindeah's head. 
 
 187. The Colonel, in anfwer, afliircd him of the mild intentions of
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 71 
 
 the Britlfla government, and replied to his rcprcfentation upon the 
 approach of the Britifh troops to Poonah, by arguments fimilar to 
 thofe which he had made ufe of on a former occafion. 
 
 1 88. On the 4th May, Scindeali fet out from the neighbourhood of 
 Boorhampour, and the Britifli resident, in compHance with Scindcah's 
 desire, followed him on the 5th. (Corifultations, 22d June, No. 145, 
 1-17.) 
 
 ISg. It is here neceflary to obferve (Confultations 21ft April, No. 
 20, 23, 20, 32), that fo foon as the ^7th February, the day of the 
 resident's arrival in Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's camp, Colonel Collins 
 was informed that an alliance had been entered into between Scindeah 
 and the other Mahratta chiefs, to undertake hoftile designs againft the 
 Britifli government and its allies. The prime- minifter of Jador- 
 Row-Scindeah had been fcnt as a deputation, on the eve of the Britifh 
 resident's arrival, to the court of the Rajah of Berar. That minifter's 
 nephew was a fliort time after fent to the Peifliwah, to make remon- 
 ftrances to him on the line of conduct he had purfued, in concluding 
 the treaty of BafTein. And, nearly at the fame period, vakeels arrived 
 at the camp, of Scindeah, with infiiructions from Holkar, to negotiate 
 an accommodation of their difputes. The fubfequent information, 
 which the resident procured, tended to corroborate the belief of the 
 cxiilence of a hoflile alliance. The Rajah of Berar took the field 
 wit'n a great army, incited thereto by Scindeah's minifter ; and the 
 clear object of Scindeah's departure from Boorhampour was to unite 
 with the Rajah of Berar and confult with him on the. situation of 
 affairs. 
 
 190. The exiflence of any fuch confederacy appeared to the Go-' 
 vernor General extremely doubtful. Confidering the local fituation, 
 and paying attention to the power and rcfources of Scindeah and the 
 
 K 2
 
 t2 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 Rajah of Berar, it was difficult to believe that they could have any Iit- 
 tention to overthrow the Britifh government or to annul the treaty of 
 BafTein at the rifk of involving themfelves in a war with the Britifli 
 government. It appeared probable that if fuch a combination had been 
 formed, its aim was merely defenfive, without covering any hoftile 
 view. At the fame time the advice which the Governor General had 
 received at the beginning of the month of May, as well from the- refi- 
 dent at the court of Scindeah as from that at Hyderabad, upon the 
 difpofitions of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, and upon the march which the 
 ■whole body of his army was to make to Poonah, together with the 
 reports of a confederacy between that chief and the Rajah of Berar, the 
 aim of which was to annul the treaty of Bafl'ein, proved the advantage 
 there might be in taking early precautions againft every poffible chance. 
 His excellency confequently refolved to demand of Dowlut-Row-Scin- 
 deah an immediate and fatisfadory explanation of his pacific inten- 
 tions. 
 
 191. Although hishighnefs the Peifhwah had not, at this juncture, 
 been reinftated in his capital, the news which the Governor General 
 had received that Jefwunt-Row-Holkar had retreated from Poonah, 
 that the Britifh troops commanded by Major-general Wellefley were 
 advancing towards that city, and that, in fhort, all the arrangements 
 made for the fupport of the caufe of the Peifhwah were about to take 
 effect, added to his excellency's convi<ftion that the reftoration of the 
 Peifhwah to his legitimate authority was at that period efiefted, or 
 could not fail of being fo, by the exertions of the Britifh government. 
 
 ig2. Whilfl Jefwunt-Row-Holkar continued to beat the head of a 
 powerful army in the neighbourhood of Poonah, and maintained in the 
 Mahratta empire the afcendancy which he had acquired by his fuccels- 
 in the rebellion against the Pcifhwah's authority, and fo long as the 
 i€sult of the meafures purfued by the Britifh government, at the folici -
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN JNDIA. 7J 
 
 tatlon of the Pcifliwah, to relnftatc his hlghnefs in the Mufnud of 
 Poonah, remained in fufpenfe, Dowlut-Row-Sclndcah flattered himfelf 
 with being nominated to the place of chief, charged with the direc- 
 tion of the domains of the Mahratta empire, by employing the means 
 in his power for the deftrucHiion of Jefwunt-Row-Holkar's rebcUion, 
 and the maintenance of the fupreme and executive authority of the 
 flate. The co-operation of the Britiih troops with his army would 
 have been, at all events, necefTary to his defign. But Scindeah having 
 efFedually tried every fimilar effort against the power of Holkar, and 
 the approach of the Britifh army towards Poonah having induced Jcf- 
 wunt-Row- Holkar to abandon his project of bringing about a revolu- 
 tion in the Peifhwah's government, and to retreat with his troops from 
 that capital, and the promptitude and energy of our operations having 
 rendered fccure the eflablifliment of the Peifhwah in his legitimate 
 authority without the affiftance of Scindeah ; the march of that chief 
 extended to Poonah, with the design of protefting the Peifhwah's 
 caufe, or to provide for the fafety of his own power and states againft 
 the ambitious projeds of Jefwunt-Row- Holkar was then become ufe- 
 lefs, and from thefe circumftances the perfeverance of Dowlut-Rnw- 
 Scindeah in his intention of marching with his army to Poonah 
 could have no other view than that of annulling the arrangements 
 lately concluded between his highnefs the Peifhwah and the Britifh 
 government, and to re-ertablifh his own afcendancy, ufurped by Hol- 
 kar, in the ftate of Poonah. His excellency the Governor General, 
 therefore, judged it neceflary to permit no project to be adopted, on the 
 part of Dovvlut-Row-Scindeah, which was of a nature hoftile to the 
 intereft of the Britifti government, either by requiring the return of 
 Scindeah with his troops to the north of the Nerbudda, or that he 
 fhould give fome other unequivocal proof of his intention in no wife 
 to feek to derange the en2;a2;ements concluded between the Biiti/h 
 governmeut and his highnefs thePeifhwaho
 
 7i HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 193. The Governor General gave inftrn£tions accordingly, to the 
 refident at the court of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, on the fubjeft of 
 a remonftrance to be addreflTed to that chief, founded on the bafis of 
 the preceding obfervations. 
 
 194. The refident was charged to communicate the treaty of Baf- 
 fein to Dovvlut-Row-Scindeah, and to explain to him in the cleareil: 
 manner, the generous principles on which it was founded, and the 
 jufl: and moderate views with which it had been concluded. The 
 refident was particularly charged to remark to that chief, that the 
 treaty of BafTein would procure for all the Mahrattas, the greateft 
 fecurity of their poffefiions and refpeftive interefts in their feparate 
 ftates ; that this treaty contained a formal difavowal of an inten- 
 tion either of the Peifhwah, or of the Britifh government, to moleft 
 any of the Mahratta chiefs, who (hould not declare themfelves inimi- 
 cal to the Britifh government or its allies, by taking hoftile meafures 
 contrary to their rights or interefts ; that by no ftipulations of this 
 treaty, could any power arrogate to itfelf, the right of intermeddling 
 in the internal affairs of any Mahratta chief, who was not fubjeft to 
 the legitimate authority of the Peifhwah ; that the principal obje6l of 
 the treaty of BafTein had been to proteft the Britifh ftates, and thofe 
 of our ally, the Nizam, from the dangers of approaching anarchy, and 
 to fulfil the duties of friendfhip towards our ally, the Peifliwah, by 
 providing at the fame time for the prefervation of the different branch- 
 es of the Mahratta empire, without overturning the conftitutional 
 forms of the ftate, or doing any injury to the legitimate independence 
 of the feudatory chiefs ; and that this act of policy muft render ftill 
 clofer, the ties of amity and alliance with Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, 
 and the other chiefs of the Mahratta empire. 
 
 195. Whatever might be the hope that Dowlut-Row-Scindeah 
 would acknowledge the juftice and moderation of our views, in con-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 75 
 
 eluding this alliance with the Peifliwah, and that he -would be fatif- 
 fied that the treaty of Baflein had not infringed his rights and indepen- 
 dence ; there was, however, no hope, that he wonld immediately 
 and cordially fubfcribe to an arrangement, by which the fuccefs of his 
 known projects of ambition would be arrefted, and his influence at the 
 court of Poonah entirely annihilated. 
 
 19O. The refident was afterwards charged to obferve to Dowlut- 
 Row-Scindeah, that his influence at Poonah had been already de- 
 ftroyed by Holk.ir's fuccefs, which had nearly effaced Dowlut-Rovv- 
 Scindeah frorri the lift of the powers of India ; and that if, after the 
 reinftatement of the Peifliwah in his legitimate authority, a barrier 
 were raifed againfl the ufurpation of Dovvlut-Row-Scindeah, and Jef- 
 wunt-Row-Holkar, upon the legitimate powers of the Mahratta em- 
 pire, he, Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, mufl refledl, that by fubmitting to 
 that facrifice, he would acquire great fecurity for his legitimate power, 
 and that he was indebted for the fafety of a confiderable part of his 
 flates, to the check which the Britifh government had oppofed to the 
 army of Jefwunt-Row-Holkar. 
 
 197. The refident was befides particularly charged to oppofeevery en- 
 deavour on thepartof Scindeah,to difputevvith the Peifhwah,the right 
 of concluding a political arrangement, without the previous confent of 
 the feudatory chiefs ; and to fay that the Governor General obferved, 
 that this right could not be difputed without injuflice to the Peifh- 
 wah, whether it refled upon the primitive conllitutioii of the Mah- 
 ratta empire, or upon the actual cuflom of the different chiefs, who 
 compofed the Mahratta confederacy. On this fubjett his excellency 
 faid, that the exclufive right of concluding treaties with foreign 
 powers, provided the rights nf the vaflal chiefs of the empire were 
 not compromifed, was inh.erent iu the fupreme executive of the 
 Mahratta empire ; and that it was even a queftion, whether the Peifli-
 
 jS HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTION'S OF 
 
 wah aclin'^ with the name, and with the fandllon of the nominal 
 .chief of the empire, had not the right to conclude treaties which 
 (fhould be obligatory on the fubordinate chiefs and vaffals, although 
 :fuch treaties were made without the participation of thofe vafTals ; 
 and that even, fuppofing the reverfe, it was impoffib'.e, in a political 
 tranfadlion, to conform to a conftitution altered by time, and falling 
 into difufe ; that the late Mahajee-Scindeah, and his fucceflbr, Dow- 
 lut-Row-Scindeah, had always exercifed the right of independant 
 power, by declaring war, and making treaties with the neighbouring 
 Aates, and by regulating all the fyflem of their internal adminiftra- 
 tion, without the participation and confent of the Peifhwah, whofe 
 fupremacy, notwithftanding, Mahajee-Scindeah, and Dowlut-Row- 
 Scindeah had always acknowledged ; that, confequently, Scindeah, 
 even in following the original conftitution, could not difpute the 
 Peifliwah's right to make the late arrangements with the Britifh go-* 
 vernment without his participation ; and, that by difputing it, he 
 would attack the validity of his own a6ls, and thofe of his predecef- 
 for ; and that he could not, according to the eftabliflied cuftom, refufe 
 to the Peifhwah, the exercife of the fame rights of fovereignty, which 
 he and his predecefTor had arrogated to themselves, fince they acknow- 
 ledged his bighnefs as their paramount authority. 
 
 198. As to the Rajah of Berar, the Governor General obferved, 
 that from the known pretenfions of that Rajah, to the authority of 
 Sahoo-Rajah, it might be doubted whether the Rajah of Berar ac- 
 knowledged the Peifhwah's authority to be fuperior to his own ; and 
 that, moreover, the Rajah rejected the fupremacy and quality of 
 the Peifliwah, and that he had further the right to interfere in his 
 affairs ; that the Rajah of Berar muft confider his highnefs the Peifh- 
 wah, either as his lord paramount, or as the chief of a foreign power 
 in alliance with him, or as a power acknowledged by all India; but 
 that the fecret intentions of the Rajah of Berar being only to over-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN rNDIA. 77 
 
 throw the Peifhwah, under the pretence of affifting him for the pur- 
 pafe of aggrandizing his own ftates ; the powers of India wonUl not 
 permit the Rajah of Berar, in any cafe, to oppofe the rights of his 
 highnefs the Peifliwah, his fuperior and lord paramount, unlefs the 
 latter fhould evince a dispofition to attempt his rights, his authority, 
 or his independance. 
 
 199. The Governor General afterwards obferved, that the fame 
 arguments which would refute the validity of Scindeah's pretenlion-i 
 to be confulted,apon theconclufion of a political arrangement between 
 the Peifhwah and a foreign power, were equally applicable to the 
 right which Scindeah \vi(hed to arrogate to himfelf, of interfering in 
 the arrangement concluded between the Peifhwah and the Britifh go- 
 vernment; or in his highnefs's internal adminiftration. The reiident 
 was,, in confequence, charged to combat all arguments tending to 
 juftify the pretenfions of Scindeah. 
 
 200. The inftruftions of the Governor General intimated, that the 
 interference of the Britifh government to reinflate the Peifhwah, and 
 the conclufion of the alliance with the flate of Poonah, were a6ls not 
 only founded on principles of juflice, and on the rights of nations, 
 but even on every neceffity for the prefervation and integrity of the 
 Mahratta empire, and for the fecurity of the legitimate rights of the 
 different chiefs, particularly of Scindeah ; that thofe rights and inte- 
 refts were fpecially guaranteed by the articles of the treaty ; and that 
 the Britifh government, from all thefe circumflances, fliould regard 
 as a£ls of hoflllity, every endeavor on the part of the chiefs, tending 
 to impede the treaty of BafTein. 
 
 201. The Governor General obferved befides, that all the circam- 
 flalices confidered, the government had the undoubted right to require 
 Scindeah to give an unequivocal proof of his refolution to abflaiii 
 
 L
 
 78 HISTORY or THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 from all meafures, tending to inripede the execution of the late arrange- 
 ments made in the Mahratta empire; and, that the mofl evident 
 proof which Scindeah could give of his good intentions, would be, 
 immediately to fee off" for his flates north of the Nerbudda. 
 
 202. He furthermore obferved, that a longer abode in his prefent 
 pofition, without any motive, or without abfolute neceflity for the 
 prefervation of his rights, and his own affairs, would be regarded by 
 the Britifh government as a proof of the hoftile defigns of Scindeah 
 towards the government and its allies, and would force them to have 
 recourfe to violent meafures to compel him to retire to his northern 
 states. 
 
 203. The refident was likewife charged to tell Dowlut-Row- 
 Scindeah, that if he went to Poonah at the head of his army, unlefs 
 he had the exprefs permiflion of the Peifhwah, ratified by the British 
 government, he mufl: expedl to enter upon a war with the latter. 
 
 204. The refident was informed, that his excellency the Governor 
 General had been apprifed of a proje£led alliance between Scindeah, 
 the Rajah of Berar, and Holkar ; and that his excellency judged it 
 right to require, that Scindeah fhould either formally difavow that 
 alliance, or declare with clearnefs and precifion his views in contracting 
 it. In cafe Scindeah fhould avow the projedl of the union, without 
 giving a fatisfactory explanation, the refident was charged to declare to 
 Scindeah, that, from the adtualfituation of things, the Britifli govern- 
 ment had a right to confider the alliance as an hoftile meafure towards 
 it and its allies, and that it would be forced likewife to take defenfive 
 meafures. The refident was alfo charged to fignify to Dowlut-Row- 
 Scindeah, that his projected interview with the Rajah of Berar, was 
 not a reafon fufficiently ftrong for deferring his return to Hindoftan, 
 unlefs he fhould give the mofl decided proofs of their pacific inten-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 79 
 
 t'lons. He was alfo charged to fay, that the Governor General had 
 fent reprefentations to the purport of thefe inRructions, to the Rajah 
 of Berar, and had declared to that chief the refolution which the 
 Britifli government had taken, to anticipate with promptitude any 
 (inifter defign on his part. 
 
 205. The refident iikewife had inftrudlions to lay hold of that op- 
 portunity for renewing to Scindeah the propofitions of the Governor 
 General for the conclufion of a treaty of defenfive alliance between 
 him and the Company ; to inform Scindeah that his excellency 
 was difpofed to admit him as a contrafting party to the treaty of 
 BafTein, or to conclude a feparate alliance with him ; and to point 
 out to him the advantages of that treaty to the ftability of his govern- 
 ment, and profperity of his affairs, which the projecled treaty would 
 fecure. 
 
 206. The refideut was, moreover, charged to inform Scindeah of 
 the firm refolution of the Britifli government to refift, with all the 
 force, energy, and power, which it is known to have, every attempt 
 of Scindeah or any other chief, tending to fliackle the treaty of Baf- 
 I'ein in its execution, or to injure the Britifh interefts or thofe of its 
 allies ; and to acquaint him that any coalition or military opera- 
 tion on his part, in oppofition to the repeated remonftrances of the 
 Britifli government, would force it to take up arms and attack the 
 whole frontier of Scindeah. 
 
 207. The refident's inftructions further Aated, that any attack ou 
 the part of Scindeah upon our ally the Nizam, would be regarded 
 as hoftilc towards the Britidi government, which would repel it by 
 every means in its power. 
 
 3.0S. Thofe inflruftlons continued, that in cafe Scindeah flioul 
 
 r. z 
 
 1
 
 80 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 infift upon the neceffity of his return to Poonah, to eftablifh his pre- 
 teniions with his highnefs the Peifhwah. the refid^nt fhould offer the 
 mediation of the Britifh government, and to that eifeft, (hould pro- 
 pofe on the part ot' the latter, to go there to arbitrate the differences 
 of Scindeah and Holkar. The refident at the fame time received an 
 order to tranfmit to Major-general Wellefley the refult of the prefent 
 remoniirances, for the guidance of that officer's conduft in confe- 
 quence. Thofe inftruclions were dated the 3d June, and are repeated 
 in the margin of this narrative, according to the date of the minutes^ 
 22d June, 1803, No. 150. 
 
 209. For the purpofe of communicating to Colonel Collins the 
 fentiments and intentions of the Governor General, for the regulation 
 of his conduft, notes, containing the fubflance of what is above de- 
 tailed, were fent to him. Thofe notes are of the 3d May, and will 
 be found in the Confultations dated 9th May, 1803, No. 298. Simi- 
 lar inflruftions were at the fame time lent to the honourable Major- 
 general Wellefley, and to the refident at Poonah. Thefe inftrudlions 
 will be detailed in the courfe of this difpatch. 
 
 -'lo. To o-ive greater force to the reprefentations of the refident, 
 the Governor General thought it right to annex, in the refident's 
 inflrudions, a letter for Dowlut-Row-Sclndeah. In that letter the 
 Governor General took the opportunity of remarking on Scindeah's 
 approbation of the propriety and wifdom of the mcafures adopted by 
 the Britifh government, for the reinftatement of his highnefs the 
 Peifhwah to the Mulnud of Poonah, and his dif^incft declaration to 
 abftain from all projedls tending to impede the execution of the treaty 
 of BafTeni. The General expreffed the httle attention he at firfl paid 
 to the frequent reports which reached him, of the hofl^ile views of 
 Scindeah, and the Rajah of Berar ; adding, however, that the in- 
 formation his Excellency had received, of the march of Scindeah
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT LV INDIA. 81 
 
 towards the Nizam's frontiers, and the refolution of the Rajah to 
 join him, forced thcfe rumours upon his attention, and made neccf- 
 fary a free and open declaration of the feutiments of his Excellency, 
 and of his refolution, in cafe Sclndeah was determined to execute the 
 projc£l of {landing between the Britilh government and its allies, or 
 of violating the rights of the India Company or its allies. The Go- 
 vernor General began by explaining the general principles of the 
 treaty of Baffeiu, the juft and moderate views which had direded 
 its bafis, and the guarantee which it gave to all the vaflals of the 
 Mahratta empire in their legitimate rights and lawful authority. The 
 Governor General then declared the firm refolution of the Britifh 
 government, to carry into executiori all the articles of the treaty 
 concluded with his highnefs the Peifhwah, in ipite of every oppofi- 
 tion. He declared, befides, the defire of the Britifli government to 
 live in peace ahd amity with Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, unlefs forced, 
 by his conduct, to adopt oppofite meafures. That letter contained, 
 in lubflance, all that the refident had been enjoined to flate to Dow- 
 lut-Rcw-Scindeah, and it will be found in the minutes of the 21 ft 
 July, 1803, No, 21. 
 
 21 1. The information of the projected alliance rendered it alfo ne- 
 ceiTary to fend reprelentations to the Rajah of Berar ; and as Mr. 
 Webbe, who had been appointed refident at the court of the Rajah, 
 was detained, by public affairs, at Fort St. George, there was no 
 Britifh reprefentative with the Raj<.h. His Excellency the Governor 
 General, therefore, wrote to the Rajah of Berar. 
 
 212. The Governor General began his letter to the Rajah of 
 Berar, by fpeaking in general terms of the late events which had 
 happened at Poonah ; he then faid, that when the Peifliwah was 
 compelled by the violence of Holkar to abandon his capital, and to 
 retire into the Trahein, his highnefs folicited the help of the Britifh
 
 82 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 government, to reinftate him in his legitimate authority over the 
 Mahratta empire ; that Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, alarmed by Jefwunt- 
 Row-Holkar's fuccefTes, likewife foUcited the aid of the Britifli arms 
 for that important object ; and that his Highnefs and Scindeah had 
 then thought the intervention of the Britifh government necefTary to 
 preferve the Mahratta empire, in that crifis, from anarchy and con- 
 fufion. 
 
 213. The Governor General went on to fay, that the Britifh go- 
 vernment, jealous of preferving the Mahratta empire from an anarchy 
 which would have been fatal to all the neighbouring states, had joy- 
 fully confented to fecond the united views of his Highnefs and Scin- 
 deah ; that his highnefs, in confequence, put himfelf under BritifK 
 protection at Bafl'ein, and concluded a treaty with the Britifh govern- 
 ment, calculated to fecure the {lability of his legitimate authority, 
 and that of the fubordinate chiefs, and the tranquillity and profperity 
 of the Mahratta empire. 
 
 214. The Governor General added, that for the execution of this 
 arrangement, a detachment of the Britifh troops was marching to 
 Poonah, and the Britilh auxiliary troops of his highnefs the Nizam 
 were aflembled to fupport it. 
 
 215. That the meafures adopted by the Britifh government for 
 the relloration of his highnefs the Peifhvvah to his legitimate autho- 
 rity, had induced Holkar to withdraw from Poonah with his troops, 
 and had deftroyed every obftjcle to the refloration of the Peifliwah 
 to his rights, and to his return to his capital : that the particular at- 
 tention of the Britifh government would be direded to the complete 
 execution of all the articles of the treaty of Bafsein, a copy of which 
 was fent to the Rajah for his information.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 8S 
 
 2lO. The Governor General alfo faid, in his letter to the rajah, 
 that a confiderate examination of the treaty would leave him no 
 doubt of its juftice, its moderation, and its propriety ; that an accu- 
 rate review of the late occurrences in the Mahratta empire would 
 fuffice to convince him that the interpofition and affiftance of the 
 Britifh government for the re-eftablifliment of the Peifliwah in the 
 goverment of Poonah, fo far from having tended to diforganize the 
 Mahratta empire, was the only means of preventing diforder, avoid- 
 ing anarchy, and fecuring future tranquillity in all the Mahratta 
 Hates. 
 
 217. The Governor General next direded the attention of the 
 rajah of Berar to thofe articles of the treaty of BafTcin which guaran- 
 tee the pofTeffions and legitimate rights of the different feudatory 
 chiefs of the Mahratta empire. The Governor General fupported the 
 rights of his highnefs the Peilhwah to contradl any engagement he 
 might pleafe with a foreign power, provided it did not trench on the 
 rights of the vaffal chiefs of the empire. The Governor declared, 
 that any interpofition, by whatever power, tending to impede the 
 execution of the treaty of Baffein, would be regarded by the Britifh 
 government and the Peifhwah as hoflility towards their joint intereftis. 
 
 218. The Governor General then explained the views of the 
 Britifli government in concluding the treaty of Baffein, in terms the 
 fame as thofe which he made ufe of in his letter to Scindeah, and in 
 his inftrudions to the refident. 
 
 219. The Governor General then faid, that he was difpoied to 
 conclude with the rajah of Berar a treaty fimiiar to that of Baffein ; 
 but that the refufal of the rajah of Berar would not on that account 
 alter the friendly difpofitions of the Britifh government towards the 
 Berar Rajah.
 
 Ip. HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 220. The Governor General added, that hr: was informed that the 
 rajah of Berar viewed with jealoufy and fear the conduct of the 
 Britlfh government in the reftoration of the Peiihvvah, and that he 
 entertained the project of forming a league to deftroy the advan- 
 tageous treaty of Baffein. 
 
 221. That although the known character of the rajah would not 
 permit him to give any credit to fuch reports, the Governor General, 
 however, thought it proper to declare pofitively, that any military 
 preparation by the rajah, or any combination on his part to over- 
 throw the treaty concluded with the Pcifhwah, would be followed 
 ■with preparations for war by the Britifli government. 
 
 222. The Governor General finifhed by demanding a fpeedy and 
 amicable anfwer from the rajah to his letter. 
 
 223. The letter of the Governor General to the rajah of Berar will 
 be found in the minutes of the 23d June, 1803, No. 2. 
 
 224. Whilft in expectation of the pacific reftoration of the Peilhwah 
 to the mufnud of Poonah, the Governor General thought it expe- 
 dient, and even urgent, to fend fpeedily to the honourable Major- 
 general Wellefley, and to the refident at Poonah, diftinct inflructions 
 for the conduct they fhould obferve after the return of the Peifliwah 
 to the capital. 
 
 225. The Governor General, with thefe inftructions (corrcfponding 
 with thoffi fent to the refident at the court of Scindeah, 5th May), 
 ilfucd orders for Major-general Wellefley to obferve in regard to his 
 conduct, in cafe that Scindeah and the rajah of Berar (liould difregard 
 the rcmonftrances of his excellency.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIAv «5 
 
 226. The Governor General took that opportunity to explain the 
 principles on which the treaty of Baflein was founded, in general 
 terms, and his aim and intentions in concluding that important 
 treaty. 
 
 227. His excellency obferved, that the deftruction of the Myfore 
 empire, and the confolidation of our alliance with the court of 
 Hyderabad, would leave the Britifli government no other antagonift, 
 in all the ftates of India, than the Mahratta power. 
 
 228. That the Mahratta ftates, deprived of every European al- 
 liance, could not be looked upon as formidable rivals, except in the 
 cafe that all the feudatory chiefs were to unite under an active leader, 
 or in that of a revolution, which might concentrate into one 
 hand the authority and the great refources of the vast empire of the 
 Mahrattas, efpecially if that fmgle chief were an active enterprifing 
 man. 
 
 229. That although fuch events might be contemplated m cold 
 blood by the Britifh government in the commanding attitude of its 
 foreign relations, with regard to its immenfe refources, and to the 
 concentration of its powers, it was however prudent to let no oppor- 
 tunity pafs of preventing the re-union of the different Mahratta 
 ftates, which might thereby threaten our poffeflions, or thofe of our 
 allies or fubordinates, as the Nizam, and rajah of Myfore. 
 
 230. That the moft certain method of bringing about this import- 
 ant object appeared to be, that of eftablifliing a clofe alliance with 
 the acknowledged fovereign power of the Mahratta empire ; but the 
 alliance conceived fo as to render the influence and troops of the 
 Britifli government the principal fupport of that fovereign. Such an 
 arrangement would fcem the moft proper for eftablifliing a juft 
 
 M
 
 86 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 balance between the ftates compofing the Mahratta confederacy, and 
 preventing a re-union of the forces o£ that empire. The Governor 
 General added, that the principal thing to be done for the execution 
 of the treaty of Baffein was, to prevent every hofiiile union of the 
 Mahratta ftatcs, under a chief of the empire, againft the Britifh go- 
 vernment and its allies. 
 
 231. Policy would alfo require, that the treaty fliould be {6 con- 
 ceived as to prevent the aggrandizement of the chiefs, or the union 
 of feveral againft the Peifliwah's authority, or againft the company, 
 its allies, or fubjects ; but that it was neither compatible with the 
 principles, nor neceflary to the object of the treaty, to exercife any 
 influence in the internal affairs of the Peifliwah ; that it would be 
 derogatory to the dignity of his independence, and would wound his 
 pride. The reftdent was only charged to convince his highnefs, that 
 his legitimate power was guaranteed by his alliance with the Britifh 
 government, and that he might expect, by that operation, to enjoy 
 tranquillity and fecurity, accompanied by refpect and honours which 
 •he had never been able to find under the degrading, influence of his 
 own fubjects, or the feudatory chiefs, and which he would never 
 have met with under the protection of Scvndeah, or that of the rajah 
 of Berar, or by any peace whatever with Holkar and Amrut-Row. 
 
 232. In demonftrating to the Peifliwah the advantages of our new 
 alliance, the rcfident muft make him take notice of the advantages 
 which the Nizam has enjoyed fince the conclufion of a fimilar treaty 
 v/ith the Britifli government, and the firm refolutiou' it has always 
 manifefted to maintain the inviolability of the Nizam's dignity and 
 rights,, and to abftain from every tranfgrefBon of his highnefs's legi- 
 tirnatc authority in his own ftatcs. 
 
 233. Whilft the articles of the treaty of BafTcin were being fo-
 
 TI-IE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 8; 
 
 framed as to protect the Pelfhwah's authority againft the feudatory 
 chiefs, the moft efficacious meafurcs were confidered for the prcfer- 
 vation of the refpcctive intercfts of thofc fame chiefs, and for their 
 authority, each in his ftate. 
 
 234, The principal aim of the treaty of BafTein was to prevent the 
 union of the different branches of the Mahratta empire in one fovereign 
 power, and to hinder the Mahratta ftates from palling into unknown 
 hands. Th« refident was charged to be actively and affiduoufly 
 vigilant on all thcfe points. 
 
 235. Conformably to thofc views and intentions, and from the 
 actual pofition of the Peiftiwah's government, the attention of the 
 refident, and that of the honorable Major-general Weilefley, were 
 directed to the following objects: — ift. The reftoration of his high- 
 nefs the Peifhwah to the exercife of his legal and legitimate authority 
 over the Mahratta empire. — 2d, The real exercife of the rights of 
 mediation and guaranty acquired by the Britifh government from 
 the treaty of BaiTein. But great circumfpection being requiiite in 
 the meafures adopted to re-eftablifli his highnefs the Pciflawah in the 
 mufnud of Poonah, fo as not to excite the jealoufy nor to wound the 
 pride of the Pcifliwah, the refident and Major-general Wellelley 
 received inftructions to endeavour to foften the Peifliwah's refentment 
 againft Holkar and Amrut-Row, and to obtain, from his highnefs,' 
 fome conceffions in favour of thofe chiefs, fo as to induce them to 
 fubmit to the authority of the Peifliwah. — 3d, The eftablifliment of 
 auxiliary troops, agreeably to the treaty, and the adoption of effica- 
 cious meafures for the return, to their ordinary quarters, of the 
 troops employed on the Peifliwah's re-eftablifhment, as in the. mi- 
 litary difpofition which might be judged neceflary to infure the 
 execution of the treaty concluded between the Britifli government 
 and the Peifliwah. — 4th, To provide for the fafety of the ftates of 
 
 M 2
 
 88 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 his highnefs the Nizam againft every attack from Scindeah or Holkar. 
 ■ — 5th, To take meafures for the entire and immediate occupation, 
 by the company's officers, of the diftricts ceded by the Peifhwah. 
 
 235. The inftru6lions of the Governor General on all thefe objeds 
 will be found detailed in a letter to the refident at Poonah, repeated 
 in the deliberations dated 22d June, 1803, No. 53. The rumours 
 which the Governor General raifed at this period, of the views and 
 intentions of Scindeah and the rajah of Berar, made the modification 
 of thefe inftrudlions neceflary, by forefeeing the probable circum- 
 flance of a war between thofe chiefs and the Britifh government. 
 
 237. The honorable Major-general Wellefley and the refident at 
 Poonah received a copy of the inflrudions which the Governor 
 General had addrefiTed to the court of Scindeah. Major-general 
 Wellelley received an order to regulate the operations of the army 
 under his command by the information he might receive from the 
 refident with Scindjeah, and the efFe6l which the reprefentation 
 that Colonel Collins was charged to make him fliould have produced. 
 General Wellefley was authorized to adopt hoftile meafures againffc 
 Scindeah, if the reprefentation of the refident would not make him 
 relinquifh marching with all his army to Poonah. Major-general 
 Wellefley was alfo authorized to take all convenient meafures, in 
 cafe the report which the Governor General had received, of a league 
 between Scindeah and the rajah of Berar, flaould be confirmed. 
 
 238. The difpatch containing thefe inftrudions was dated the 
 30th May ; and the Governor General, the ftronger to imprefs 
 Major-general Wellefley with his fentimcnts and intentions on this 
 important fubjec^l, and communicate it to them with the leafl delay, 
 had fcnt it on the 7th May, with notes, containing the fubftance of 
 the preceding inftructions.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 89- 
 
 Thofe notes are ftatcd in the deliberations Qth May, 1803, 
 No. 300. 
 
 239. Upon the happy reftoration of his highnefs the Pcifhwah to 
 the mufnud of Poonah, the Governor General confidcred it proper to 
 addrefs a letter to the Peifliwah, for the purpofe of explaining to him 
 the nature of the alliance formed by the treaty of Baffein, and the 
 expectations which the Britifh government entertained in virtue of 
 that treaty. 
 
 240. With that view, the Governor General, after congratulating 
 his highnefs the Peifhwah upon his happy re-eftablifliment under the 
 protection of the Britifh government, reminded him of the uniformly 
 amicable conduct of the latter towards his highnefs, and the propo- 
 rtions already often made to his highnefs for a defenfive alliance. He 
 obferved, that if his highnefs had accepted thofe propofitions at the 
 period when they were firft made, he would have efcaped all the 
 misfortunes which had fmce befallen him. His excellency then re- 
 marked to the Peifhwah, that no power, except the Britifh govern- 
 ment, was in a fituation to reinftate him without the greatefl diffi- 
 culties, and that he could enjoy under the protection of no ftate that 
 tranquillity and fecurity which would be derived from the treaty ot 
 Balfein. 
 
 241. The Governor General afterwards explained the general 
 principles of juflice and moderation on which the treaty of BafTein 
 was founded. He obferved to his highnefs, that the l^flem of the 
 treaty was purely defenfive, and did not give his highnefs any right 
 of interference in the affkirs of his vafTal chiefs, that being a jurifdic- 
 tion of his lawful authority. His excellency at the fame time gave 
 his highnefs the formal aifurance of the intention of the BritiHi go- 
 vernment to abftain from every undertaking tending to interfere in
 
 90 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 the private detail of his Internal government — a ftep at once injurlou-i 
 to his dignity and his independence. 
 
 242. His excellency particularly recommended, to his highnefs, to 
 attach the fouthcrn Jaghirdars fmccrcly to him, and propofed the 
 interpofition of the Britifli government as the method moft likely to 
 obtain that important end. 
 
 243. The Governor General next explained to the Peifliwah the 
 neceffity of abftaining from every negotiation which was not carried 
 on in concert with the Britifh government. 
 
 244. His excellency directed his highnefs's attention to the great, 
 advantages which his highnefs the Nizam derived from his alliance 
 with the Britifh government, and drew a comparifon between his 
 fituatlon and that of the Peifliwah, who was under the ufurped power 
 and caprices of his own fubjects, with the liberty and independence 
 enjoyed by the Nizam under the protection of his defenfive alliance 
 with the honourable company. 
 
 245. The Governor General concluded by declaring his firm refb- 
 lutlon to fuftain the dignity and authority of his highnefs the Peifh- 
 wah, acknowledged and confirmed by the treaty of BafTein. This 
 letter is in the minutes of the 2lfl July, 1803, No. Il6. 
 
 246. Scarcely had the Governor General fcnt off his difpatch of 
 the 9th June to the Peifliwah, before he received advice from the 
 refident at Hyderabad, that the whole army of the rajah of Berar, 
 colleAcd in the environs of Nagpore, would flrike Its tents on the 
 17th April, to begin its march to join Scindeah. 
 
 247. The Governor General then thought it fit to write another
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 9% 
 
 letter of remonftrance to the rajah of Berar to difluade him from 
 taking mcafures which would confirm the rumour of a hoflile league 
 between him and Scindeah. That letter is dated the 22d May, and 
 is in the minutes of the 2 1 ft July, 1 803, No. 114. 
 
 248. To give thofe reprefentations ftill greater weight, the Governor 
 General ordered the rcfident at Hyderabad to repair to the camp of the 
 rajah of Berar. The inftrudions of the Governor General to the 
 refident at Hyderabad on this head are in the deliberations of the 22d 
 June, 1803, No. 93 and y(5. 
 
 249. But, on the advice which the Governor General received of the 
 dangerous ftate of the health of his highnefs the Nizam, he counter- 
 ordered the refident, defiring him to remain at Hyderabad, and to 
 fend his fecretary to the camp of the rajah of Berar. (Confultation 
 22d June, 1803, No. 101.) 
 
 250. When thefe inftrudions reached the refident at Hyderabad he 
 had juft been informed that the rajah of Berar had arrived within a 
 fliort diftance of Scindeah's camp. It therefore became ufelefs either 
 for the refident or fecretary to go to the camp of the Berar rajah. 
 
 251. The Governor General in council then judged it neceflary to 
 give his attention to what had paiTed at Poonah lince the Peifhwah's 
 arrival in that capital. 
 
 252. Major-general Wellefley himfelf took the firft opportunity of 
 reprefenting to the Peifhwah, in the ftrongeft terms, the claims of the 
 fouthern Jaghirdars, who manifefted their attachment to the Peifli- 
 wah by co-operating with the BritiHi troops for the reftoration of his 
 highnefs to the mufnud of Poonah. Major-general Wellefley and the 
 refident at Poonah continued to endeavour, till their departure from
 
 92 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 Poonab, to prevail on the Peifliwah to liften to thofe claims. The 
 Peiiliwah was alfo invited to come to the affiftancc of, and give 
 protedion to, thofe Jaghirdars. They alio engaged him to make 
 certain arrangements in favour of his vafl'als, in the (late of Poonah, 
 with a view of bringing them to unite with the Britlfii troops in cafe 
 that, from the condudl of Scindeah and the rajah of Berar, they fliould 
 be obliged to have recourfe to violent meafures for the fafety and pre- 
 fervation of the combined rights and interefts of the Peifhwah and the 
 Britifh government. 
 
 253. In the prefcnt fituation of affairs it appeared, ncceflary, to Ma- 
 jor-general WcUefley and the refident at Poonah, to advance the army 
 under Major-general Wcllefley's orders to the north of Poonah, and to 
 take up fuch a pofitlon as would enable them, in caie of neceffity, to 
 adt in concert with the troops under Colonel Stevenfon's orders. 
 
 254. This meafure was of the laft Importance, whether to prevent 
 and overturn every hoflile projedl of Holkar againft the Peifhwah, or 
 to render abortive the defign of Scindeah and the rajah of Berar, to go 
 to Poonah, with their armies, for the purpofe of overturning the treaty 
 concluded between the Peifliwah and the Britifti government. 
 
 255. From all thofe clrcumftances his highnefs the Peifliwah was 
 required to furnifli, in virtue of the treaty of Baflein, his contingent 
 of troops to co-operate with the Britifh army ; Major- general Welle- 
 fley and the refident at Poonah directed all their endeavours to engage 
 the Peifliwah to take the neceflary fleps for the equipment of the con- 
 tingent of troops he was to furnifli, conformably to the treaty. 
 
 25G. The conferences which Major-general Wellefley and the 
 refident at Poonah had with his highnefs the Peifliwah, and his ml- 
 nlfl:crs, on that objed, and on other points of too little confequcncc to
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. »* 
 
 be treated of in this difpatch, are reported ia the confultations of the 
 22d June, 1803, No. 5 1 to 71 inclufivc. 
 
 257. During this fpace of time nothing important happened at 
 Hyderabad ; the rcfident's correfpondence, went on in the interval, 
 (confultation of the 2lft July, l8o3, No, 78 to 101 inclusive,) on the 
 apprehc'nsion of an invasion of the ftates of his highnefs the Nizam 
 by Holkar, and the contributions levied by that chief on the towns of 
 Aurengabad. Agreeably to Major-general Wcllcfley's orders, the corps 
 of military troops commanded by Colonel Stcvenfon quitted its pro- 
 visional quarters at Garden, and diredled its route to Aurengabad to 
 fuccour that city. Before Colonel Stcvenfon arrived, Holkar had 
 abandoned the town, with all his troops, and gone to a great diftancc 
 from the Nizam's ftates. The resident's correfpondence on this fub- 
 jeft is contained in the minutes of the 22d June, 1803, No. 83, 87, 
 90,94, 97, 107. 
 
 258. The resident at Hyderabad held an uninterrupted correfpond- 
 ence with the honorable Major-general Wellefley and Colonel Ste- 
 venfbn, on the fubjed; of the operations which the troops under their 
 orders might carry on, and on the fubjed: of provisions and warlike 
 llores for the army. In regard to the situation of affiiirs in the Marh- 
 atta empire, and the imminent danger which threatened Hyderabad, 
 deprived of the fuccour of a greater force, the resident fuggefted to 
 the court of Hyderabad the policy of uniting a numerous army of the 
 troops of his highnefs the Nizam in the vicinity of Hyderabad, which 
 the Nizam eagerly adopted. 
 
 250- The precarious ftate, however, of the health of his highnefs 
 the Nizam gave reafon to fear, at this period, his approaching death. 
 The Governor General therefore, deemed it requisite to fend inftruc- 
 tions to the resident at Hyderabad, to confirm the refolution made by 
 
 N
 
 S* HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 the Governor General in council fome time since, and which had been 
 already tranfmitted to the resident, to fupport the rights of his high- 
 nefs's eldeft fon, Secunder-Jah, to the fucceflion of the Nizam, and 
 to charge him to obtain from Secunder-Jah, before his acceffion to 
 the mufnud, or alfo as his firft adl of fovereignty, the approbation and 
 formal confirmation of all the treaties and engagements fubsifling 
 between the Britifli government and the {late of Hyderabad. Thefe 
 inllrudions are dated 22d June, 1803, No. IQ5. 
 
 260. The feries of the difpatches of the resident at Hyderabad on 
 the fubjefl detailed in the foregoing paragraph, and on other points up 
 to the middle of May, are in the confultations of the 22d June, 
 1803. 
 
 261. The Governor General now goes to the narrative of Colonel 
 Collins's negotiations at the court of Scindeah. (Confultations of the 
 22d June, 1803, No. 14g.) Balogee Koongur, an officer difpatched by 
 his highnefs the Peifhwah to explain to Scindeah the nature of 
 his engagements with the Britifh government, arrived in Scindeah's 
 camp on the 7th May. The resident had been led to hope, that after 
 this officer's arrival, Scindeah's minifters would, without further delay, 
 give an anfvver to the propositions which he had made to Scindeah on 
 behalf of the Britiffi government, (confultation 22d June, ]803, No. 
 15 3, 154,) but Colonel Collins was deceived in his expeftatiorf. 
 
 202. Towards the 26th May Colonel Collins received the notes and 
 inftrudions dated the 5th May, fpoken of in the 209th paragraph of 
 this difpatch. Colonel Collins immediately demanded a conference 
 ■with Scindeah, and the 27th May was appointed for that purpofe.. 
 
 203. Colonel Collins began the conference (confultations of the 
 22d June, 1803, No. 158,) by giving Scindeah the complete treaty of
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 93 
 
 Bafleln. The refidcnt having remarked on the fpirit of peace and 
 tranquillity which prevailed in all the articles, demanded Scindeah to 
 declare whether that treaty Included any article injurious to his legi- 
 timate authority. One of the minlliers, who affiftcd at the confe- 
 rence, agreed that it did not, and Scindeah formally declared the fame. 
 The rcfident then paffed to tlie negotiations between Scindeah, Hol- 
 kar, and the rajah of Berar. He remarked, that their laft movement 
 juftified the fear of the Britifli government that they had leagued 
 together to invade the ftates of our allies the Peifliwah, and the Nizam, 
 and to overturn the treaty of Baflcin. 
 
 264. Colonel Collins obferved, that the known and avowed projed 
 of Scindeah and the rajah of Berar, of marching to Poonah with their 
 united armies, was totally ufelefs, owing to the reftoration of the Peifli- 
 wah to the mufnud of Poonah, and would be followed by the moft 
 fatal confequences. 
 
 265. Colonel Collins then demanded an unreferved explanation of 
 the nature of the late negotiations. He renewed, in energetic terms, 
 the aflurance of the friendly difpofition of the Britifli government to- 
 wards Scindeah and the rajah of Berar ; but likewife declared its firm 
 refolution not to attempt Scindeah's independence, nor to molefh his 
 dates, unlefs that chief himfelf provoked it by commencing hoftilitles. 
 
 26O. One of the minifters anfwered,that Scindeah had no intention 
 of Invading the territory of the Nizam or Pelllivvah ; but being clofe 
 prefTed by the refident, who demanded a formal difavowal of every 
 intention on the part of Scindeah to impede the execution of the 
 treaty of BafTcin ; he faid he could give no fatisfad:ory anfwer on that 
 point, before he had conferred with the rajah of Berar. 
 
 267. Colonel Collins endeavoured anew, but without avail, to 
 
 N 2
 
 So HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 obtain an explanation of Scindeah's defigns. The refident then de- 
 clared to Scindcah, that his conftant refufal to give him an explanation, 
 and his military preparations, would compel the Britifli government 
 to adopt fimilar meafures on all the frontiers of his ftates in India, and 
 that the firft advice which it received of the acceffion of Scindeah to a 
 confederacy would be immediately followed by hoftilities againll: all 
 his frontiers. The refident finiflied by urging Scindeah, in the raoft 
 amicable way, to make a fincere avowal of his projedls. 
 
 2(38. Dowlut-Rovv-Scindeah put an end to^the conference by de- 
 claring his final determination not to give the refident an anfwer until 
 he had conferred with the Berar rajah. Scindeah broke up the con- 
 ference with a public and formal declaration to the Britifh refident, 
 couched in thefe terms : — " After my interview with the rajah of Be- 
 rar, you Ihall be informed whether we will have war or peace." 
 
 2G9. That declaration was an unmerited menace of hoftility, and a 
 public infult to the Britifli government, by putting the queftion of 
 war or peace upon the refialt of a conference with the Berar rajah, 
 who was encamped with a numerous army in the neighbourhood of 
 Scindeah's camp. Here was a fufficient proof of the finifter de^ 
 figns of the confederate chiefs, and their intention of immediately 
 carrying into execution the projed of their league. It was now the 
 duty of the Governor General, without the leaft: delay, to take the 
 raoft effeftual meafures to avenge the dignity and defend the rights 
 and interefts of the Britifh government, to avert every enterprize un- 
 dertaken againft our allies, and to overthrow the projeds of invafion 
 by the confederates. 
 
 270. That menace of hoftility cannot be juftified on any pretext: 
 Scindeah cannot fay that fimilar language on the part of the Britilh go- 
 vernment had provoked and hurried him to threats of war.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. p7 
 
 271. The commencement of the hoftUltles announced by the 
 Brltifli refidcnt, hovVevcr, wholly depended on Scindeah's condufi. 
 The refident declared to that chief, if he went to the extremity of 
 taVing part in a league againft the Britifh government, it would con- 
 fidcr the ad as aggrcffive, and that war fhould commence. Scindeah's 
 condud indicated his wifli to enter into that league ; there was, not- 
 withftanding, juftice and dignity in the Britifli government apprizing 
 him of the confequences of his condud, in a manner which permitted 
 Scindeah to tread back his fleps. The anfwer of Scindeah purports 
 the following formal declaration: " That with his own individual 
 confent he Iliould regard the formation of an offenfive league againft 
 the company, and the laft queftion of war or peace, as no longer 
 depending upon the pacific views of the Britifli government, but as 
 depending upon the will of the confederate Mahratta chiefs." 
 
 272. The Governor General in council will now communi- 
 cate to your honorable committee the detail of the meafures taken, 
 and the arrangements made by the Governor General to attain the 
 end defigned in the 26gth paragraph. The Governor General imme- 
 diately fent private inftrudions to" his excellency the commander in 
 chief, at Cawnpore, that he might take meafures for uniting his army 
 on the north- weftern frontier of the company's poffeffions. The Go- 
 vernor General direded the whole atterition of the commander in 
 chief towards the formation of a plan for the operations of the Britifli 
 army in thofe countries, and the political engagements to be made 
 with the chiefs and neighbouring ftates, to diminifli the enemy's re- 
 fources, and to facilitate the fuccefs of the Britifli arms, in cafe w^e 
 Ihould be compelled to purfue hoflile meafures towards Scindeah. 
 
 273. All the meafures which the Governor General thought It ad- 
 vifcable to take, under thefe circumftances, are detailed in a note of the
 
 9S IHSTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 28th June, 1S03, tranfmltted to the commander in chief, to ferve 
 hipi as a guide in liis pofition. 
 
 374. The plan of operations, and the arrangements mentioned in 
 thefe notes, -were communicated to his excellency the commander in 
 chief in a more detailedmanner, and in the form of an official inftrudion, 
 the tenor of which will be fully detailed in the 302d, and following 
 paragraphs of this dlfpatch. To prcfcrve perfpicuity in the narrative 
 of the operations of the Governor General at this critical epoch, he 
 judges it material to inform your honorable committee of the in- 
 llruCtions which he aclually addreffed to the honorable Major-ge- 
 neral Wellefley and the Bombay government, at the moment when 
 bis excellency's notes were tranfmitted to his excellency the command- 
 er in chief. 
 
 .275. From the aftual ftate of affairs in the wcftern part of India, 
 and the alarming fi:eps of Scindeah and the Berar rajah, it appeared of 
 the fiift neceffity to the Governor General to conftitute a^ fuperior 
 temporary power, as near as poffible to the fcene of political and mili- 
 tary events, with full powers to conclude, on the very fpot, every ne- 
 ceffary arrangement either for the cilablifliment of a definitive peace,> 
 or for a vigorous profecution of the war. The Governor General 
 confidered that, at fuch a crisis, a multitude of different cafes might 
 occur, which it is not poffible to forefcc, and which might demand 
 a prompt determination ; that thefe various circumftances might be 
 of fuch magnitude as to involve the refult of the war or peace; and 
 that the delays occafioned by fending the decisions of fuch cafes to go- 
 mcnt might be very prejudicial to the public weal. 
 
 27O. It was considered that the fuccefs of the operations of the 
 irmy under Major-general Wellefley, in virtue of the inilruc-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMKNT IN INDIA, 99 
 
 tlons of the Governor General to the rcfidcnt at Poonah, dated 
 30th May, might depend on the prompt decifion of an infinity of cafes, 
 and political queftions, which would give birth to interefts and views 
 of the different Mahratta chiefs and Jaghirdars, of their highncflcs the 
 Pei'liwah and Nizam, and, in fliort, of the different chiefs in 
 Indoffan and the Dekkan ; which unforefecn cafes will be, necef- 
 arily, connefted with the movement of Major-general Wellclley's 
 army. ' 
 
 277. The Governor General in council thought it neccfTary, in the 
 prefent crifis, to unite the fuperior command of civil, military, and 
 political affairs, in Indoftan and the Dekkan, and to give to the fame 
 authority, although dependent on the Governor General in council, 
 tfhe command of the army and the power of negotiating. The Gover- 
 nor General v/as of opinion, that fuch powers could not be placed more 
 advantagcoufly than in the hands of the honorable Major-general 
 Welleflcy, already charged to re-eftablifli tranquillity in the Dekkan ; 
 the ability, zeal, talents, ad:ivity and judgment of whom could not 
 be difputcd ; who, with all thefe advantages, combined that of perfect 
 local knowledge, great influence, and high reputation among the 
 Mahratta chiefs. Befides, Major-general Wellefley had a complete 
 knowledge of the views and fentimcnts of the Governor General, with 
 refpedt to the Mahratta empire. All thefe confidcrations decided the 
 Governor General to inveft that officer with thefe difficult and intri- 
 cate powers. Similar powers were got ready for Lieutenant-general" 
 Stuart, in cafe he Ihould take the immediate command of the forces in 
 the Dekkan. 
 
 278. By thefe inffrudions, the honorable Major-general Wellefley 
 was authorifed to enter upon the negotiations, and conclude treaties 
 with the different Mahratta. chiefs and Jaghirdars, in the name of the 
 Britiih government, fo as to fecure the important objeds already knowin-
 
 •JOO HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 by the alliance recently concluded with his highnefs the Peifliwah, 
 and hy that pre-exifting with his highnefs the Nizam. 
 
 279- The honorable Major-general Wellefley was efpecially autho- 
 rized to negotiate arrangements or treaties, either himfelf, or by 
 means of the refidents, or by the officers of the Britifh government, 
 with Scindeah, the Berar rajah, or Holkar, for the purpofe of prevail- 
 ing on thofe chiefs to retire with their armies, each to his own ftate, 
 or to give fome fufficient pledge of their pacific difpofition towards the 
 Britifli government and its allies. 
 
 280. The Major-general was likewifc authorifed by thefe inflructions, 
 to become arbitrator in the name of the Britifh government, for the ef- 
 tablilhment of any arrangement between his highnefs the Pcifhwah and 
 thofe chiefs ; to terminate their differences, reconcile their reciprocal 
 demands, and to fecure, by the guaranty of the Britifli government, 
 the execution of the articles agreed upon by the contracting parties. 
 Major-general Wellefley was alfo authorifed to propofe himfelf arbi- 
 trator, and to guarantee an accommodation between Scindeah and Hol- 
 kar, if any quarrels yet exifted between thefe chiefs, and to negotiate, 
 conclude, and guarantee, treaties with thefe chiefs, individually or con- 
 jointly, and with the rajah of Berar. 
 
 281 . The principal intention of the Governor General, in authorif- 
 ing Major-general Wellefley to conclude treaties with thofe chiefs, in- 
 dividually or conjointly, was to paralyfe or prevent every league, and 
 all the dcfigns propofed for overturning the treaty of Bafl'ein, or for 
 making any attempt upon our rights and interells, or upon thofe of 
 our allies. 
 
 282. Major-general Wellefley had, befides, inflirudions to place the 
 greatcft confidence in the refidents at Poonah, Hyderabad, and Scin-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 10) 
 
 deah's camp, and to conceal nothing from them. He had the fame 
 inftrudions towards the refidcnt at Guickwar, and inftrudlons to 
 correfpond with Lord Cllve, and Mr. Duncan. 
 
 283. For the execution of thcfc inftrudlions, Major-general Wcllef- 
 ley was authorifed to make ufe of whatever miUtary authority he might 
 judge advifablc, and to require the fcrvice of all the civil officers that 
 he might confidcr neceffary for the execution of the difficult and im- 
 portant undertakings with which he was charged. The detail of the 
 foregoing inftrudlons, dated the 26th June 1803, will be found in the 
 minutes, 12th March 180 1, No. 299, A. 
 
 284. The Governor General at the fame time notified to the 
 honorable Major-general Wellefley, his excellency's views and inten- 
 tions, in reference to the operations of the army which was under his 
 orders, and to the political fteps which the ftate of the war between 
 the Britifli government and the Mahratta chiefs required. 
 
 285. By the letter of the Governor General on this fubjedl, dated 
 27th June 1803, Major-general Wellefley was charged to demand of 
 Scindeah, through Colonel Collins, a peremptory declaration of his 
 intentions, and that in a certain number of days, to be limited by the 
 Major-general, and reafonably fixed with reference to the feafon, and 
 to the poffible opening of the campaign in an advantageous manner. 
 If this explanation were not full and fatisfaclory, the Major-general had 
 authority to recal Colonel Collins from Scindcah's camp. 
 
 280. In this, or any other circumftance, which might appear in 
 Major-general Wellefley 's judgment imperioufly to demand the com- 
 mencement of hoftilities. Major-general Wellefley was charged to make 
 war vigoroufly upon Scindeah or the Berar Rajah, or upon both at 
 once if he thought it neceflary. Major-general W'^elleflcy was alfo 
 
 o
 
 102 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 charged, in cafe the war fliould be inevitable, to carry it on in the most 
 active manner, and to follow up his fuccelTes without lillening to any 
 propofal for peace, until the power of thofc chict's were entirely annihi- 
 lated. 
 
 28/. If circumftances required it, the Major-general had authority 
 to conclude a peace with Scindeah and the Rajah of" Berar, conjointly 
 or feparately as might appear to him the moftadvifable. 
 
 280. The immenfity of the powers confided to the honorable 
 Major-general Wellefley, made it neceffary to annex to his inftrudions 
 the notification of his excellency's fentiments in refpe6t to the articles 
 of a peace with the confederate chiefs. Although it is the intention of 
 the Governor General in council to addrcfs, feparately, to your honor- 
 able committee, the papers relative to the peace recently concluded 
 with thofe chiefs ; the Governor General in council, notwithftanding, 
 now judges it expedient to draw the attention of your honorable com- 
 mittee to the inftrucSions of the Governor General to the honorable 
 Major-general Wellefley. They are dated the 27th June, and contain 
 the firfl outlines of a plan of pacification with the confederates. 
 
 280. By thefe inflrudtions, Major-general Wellefley had autho- 
 rity to condu6l himfelf towards Holkar according to the prin- 
 ciples which were prefcribed for the regulation of his conduc't to- 
 wards the confederate chiefs, in cafe that chief fhould join the con- 
 federates. 
 
 290. The Governor General laid down his opinion that it was not 
 defirable that the accidental power of Holkar fliould become eflab- 
 liftied and acknowledged in India, and that his overthrow would be 
 a. political operation of the grcateft importance ; the Governor General, 
 however, thought it proper, to leave to Major-general Wcllcfley's dif-
 
 THE BRTIISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. - 103 
 
 pofition and judgment, the conduift to be purfucd in regard to Holkar. 
 The Major-general was invited not to declare war againft Holkar with 
 the fble view of obtaining indemnity for the plunder of Aurungabad, 
 or for any other dcvaftatory incurfion. 
 
 201. The attention of the honorable Major-general was alfo di- 
 rected to the important objcdl of encouraging European officers to 
 quit the fervice of the confederates in cafe of war. 
 
 292. The Governor General likewlfc iignified to Major-general 
 Wellefley, that, by the Infolent and hollile declaration of Scindeah, 
 made to Colonel Collins on the 28th May, he could not confider 
 Scindeah 's retreat to the north of the Nerbudda as an adequate proof 
 of his pacific intentions, unlcfs Scindeah had given, in Major-general 
 Wellcfley's judgment, ample fatisfadtion. Major-general Wellefley 
 was authorifed to purfuc Scindeah bc^'ond the Nerbudda. The fame 
 principle was applicable to the Berar rajah, whofe retreat into the 
 limits of his poffeffions could not be regarded as a fufficient fatisfac- 
 tion, and an a6l of adequate fecurity, after the reiterated proofs 
 which the confederacy had given of its unbounded and infolent ambi- 
 tion. In all the operations of his army, and in all his fteps, the 
 Major-general was forewarned to have his eye upon the tottering ftatc 
 ot the health of his highnefs the Nizam, and always to be in readinefs 
 to watch over the prefervation of our interelis, in cafe of his high- 
 nefs's deceafe. 
 
 293. A copy of the inftrudions given to Major-general Wellefley, 
 dated 20th June and 2^ idem, was fent to the honorable Governor of 
 Bombay, inviting him to take meafures, that he might be ready to 
 employ the difpofable military forces, in taking the fort and territory of 
 Baroach, the poiTdrions of Scindeah in the Guzurat, and thofe fouth 
 of the Nerbudda. 
 
 O 2
 
 lot HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 291. The honorable Governor of Bombay was, at the fame time, 
 apprifed that the Britifli troops in the Guzurat, and thofe of our allies, 
 would make part of the army under Major-general Wellefley's orders. 
 The honorable Governor of Bombay was charged to order the refidcnt 
 at Baroda, to keep up a rcgvilar correfpondence with Major-general 
 Wellcfley, on the points which might ha\x reference to the public 
 fervice ; he alfo ordered the honorable Governor of Bombay to give 
 every affillance in his power to Major-general Wcllefley, and at the 
 fame time, to Lieutenant-general Stuart, to put thofe officers in a 
 ftate to execute their miffion, and to fuftain the exercife of the powers 
 which the Governor-general had thought it material to delegate to 
 them, by his infl:ru(5lions of the 2Gth June. 
 
 295. A copy of the inflruftions given to the honorable Major-ge- 
 neral Wellefley was fent to the honorable Governor of Fort St. 
 George, with an invitation to his lordfliip, to concur in the objcdls it 
 contained, in every poffible cafe. 
 
 2q6. After fending notes and inftruftions to his excellency the 
 commander in chief, as mentioned in the 272nd paragraph preceding, 
 the Governor General received, by means of the fecretary of the 
 fecret department, fome views which Major Irifli, a cavalry officer on 
 the Bengal cftablifhment, animated by a laudable zeal for the public 
 i.velfare, had communicated for the examination of the Governor 
 General. The tendency of thcfe views was, in cafe of war, to oblige 
 the Britifti fubjec^s, born in the honorable company's ftates, and 
 breveted in Scindeah's fervice, to quit Sclndeah's regular troops. 
 Thefe views having appeared to the Governor General well calculated 
 to accomplifh the aim of annihilating the eflablifliment of Scindeah's 
 regular troops ; the Governor General fent, to the commander in 
 chief, a copy of the communications of Major Irifh, with relative 
 inftru6tions, dated 13th July, to carry Major Irifti's projeds into 
 execution.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 105 
 
 297. With thefe inftruftions, the Governor General fcnt to the 
 commander in chief (Conference 2nd March IBOI, No. 2r>6, 257, 
 258), proclamations to be promulgated at the moment he might 
 think proper. Thefe proclamations fummoned all lubje<5i:s of the 
 Krltifli government in the fervicc of Scindeah, or in that of the 
 Mahratta chiefs, leagued with Scindeah, to leave the fervice of thofe 
 chiefs in the fpace of three months from the date of the proclamation, 
 and to repair to the~ head quarters of the army, or to the officer 
 charged to receive them. A promife was given of paying, to all fuch 
 Britifh fubjefts as (hould obey the proclamation; a penfion equal to 
 whatever pay or emoluments they might derive from Scindeah or any 
 other Mahratta chief, during the whole duration of hoflilities, or 
 during the whole time that the honorable company might employ 
 them in its fervice, engaging, when they fliould leave it, to afford 
 them every facility compatible with their fituation, and the principles 
 of the Britifti government. It went on to declare, that all Britifh 
 fubjedls bearing arms againft the government fhould be confidcred as 
 having forfeited all their rights to its protedion, and be treated ac- 
 cordingly. The advantages of this proclamation were declared to ex- 
 tend to all French and Europeans whatever, or Americans who were 
 in the military fervice of Scindeah, or the other chiefs, who might 
 conform to the tenor of that proclamation. Another proclamation 
 was fent to the commander in chief, purporting that all natives of 
 the Britifli countries in India, who were in the military fervice of 
 Scindeah or his allies, and who would quit it and prcfent themfelves 
 before the officer charged to receive them, fliould receive a penfion 
 equal to the amount of their pay or emolument, on producing an 
 authentic proof of their departure from the troops of Scindeah or his 
 allies, in confequence of the; proclamation. The latter proclamation 
 was afterwards extended to the fubjedls of the Nabob- vizier, in the 
 military fervice gf Scindeah, or the confederate chiefs.
 
 lOti HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 2Q8. Tlic Governor General afterwards advifed the commander in 
 diief to take advantage of the augmentation of his army and the 
 native regiments, to provide for the employment of the native officers 
 and fepoys, who fliould leave the Mahratta fervice by virtue of the 
 proclamation. 
 
 20g. The commander in chief was authorifed to affign to the Eu- 
 ropean Britilli officers, and to the other Europeans, the pay of their 
 refpedive ranks in the Mahratta fervice, until they were placed in the 
 allied or tributary troops of the Britilli government, or until thofc 
 who might wifli to return to Europe found means and opportu- 
 nity to go there, on the fame conditions "as the French officers in the 
 Nizam's fervice had accepted fome time fmce. 
 
 300. The commander in chief was enjoined to nominate officers, 
 and put them in the places that he might think convenient to receive 
 the European officers, and the commiffioned or non-commiffioncd 
 native officers and fepoys who Ihould quit the Mahratta fervice. 
 
 301. The commander in chief was alfo charged to fend the pro- 
 clamation relating to the natives of India, into the bofom of the fa- 
 milies of native officers and fepoys, in the fervice of the Mahrattas. 
 To the end that the articles of the proclamation (hould be rapidly cir- 
 culated, copies were lent to the honorable Governor of Bombay, 
 his excellency Lieutenant-general Stuart, and Major general Wellefley ; 
 to the rcfidents at Hyderabad, Poonah, and Lucknow, and to the 
 agents of the Governor General, in the ceded provinces ; with an 
 order to promulgate and diftribute them with profufioh when the fa- 
 vorable period arrived. 
 
 302. Conformably to the notes tranfmitted to the commander in
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 107 
 
 chief, dated the 2Sth June, which were fpokcn o^ in the 272d para- 
 graph of this difpatch, the Governor-general, on the 27th July, fent 
 to the commander in chief official difpatches, containing his excel- 
 lency's detailed views and inftrudions upon the general plan of the 
 military operations and political arrangements to be adopted in cafe of 
 war, between the Britifh government and the confederate Mahratta 
 chiefs. The Governor General likewifc font fcparate inftruc- 
 tions upon the different parts of the propofed plan of political ar- 
 rangement. 
 
 303. The firft of thefe difpatches began by eftablifliing the views 
 and intentions of the Governor General, on the following important 
 points-: ift. The end it appears material to obtain in the courle of 
 the war with Scindeah and the Rajah of Berar, on the north- weflern 
 frontier of Indoflan. 2nd. The general plan of military operations 
 which appeared mod likely to obtain that end with the greateft 
 promptitude and fecurity. 3d. The courfe of the political arrange- 
 ments and negotiations which the Governor General propofed to fet 
 on foot, under the infpedlion of the commander in chief, for facilitat- 
 ing the operations of the army, and fccuring the ftabillty of the peace 
 on foundations the mofl advantageous to the intcrcfts of the Eritilli 
 government. 
 
 30-i. The Governor General commenced the difcuffion of thefe 
 different points, by explaining the particular circumftances which 
 render the north- weltern frontier of the province of Oude the 
 weakeft part of our vaft empire. 
 
 305. The Governor General obferved, that the opinion of the 
 dangers to which the intcrefls of the Britifh empire in India feel them- 
 felves expofcd in that part, added to many other motives, had brought 
 on the arrangement made with the Nabob-Vizier, by the treaty conr
 
 103 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 eluded at Lucknow, in the month of November 1801. That this 
 arrangement had given great additional fecurlty to the Britifh empire, 
 but that the territorial poffeffions of Scindcah, and the nature and 
 number of his troops, were an aggregate of dangers ferious to the 
 BritiOi government, becaufe Scindeah had thereby a particular advan- 
 tage in attacking the Britifli pofleffions, which he could not have with 
 an increafe of power, by allying himfelf, perhaps to France or any 
 other enemy of the Britifli intercfls. The Governor General added, 
 that however formidable Scindeah might become by the addition of 
 foreign aid, it %\ as not fo much to be feared, nor did it prefent dan- 
 gers fo perilous, fo terrible, and fo direft, in all its poffible confe- 
 quences, as that, the refult of weakening his local authority, which 
 brought on the eftablifliment of an independent and powerful French 
 ftate in the feeble part of the Company's frontiers. That this French 
 flate had in its power the perfon and authority of the Mogul, a nu- 
 merous army of native infantry, and the moffc numerous artillery in 
 India (that of the Company's troops excepted), and exerted a con- 
 fiderable influence over the furrounding flates, from the banks of the 
 Indies to the conflux of the Jumna and the Ganges. 
 
 300. The Governor General entered into details of the dangers to 
 which the Britifli empire was expofed by the force and local pofition 
 of the French ftate, obferving what encouragement and what efl'en- 
 tial fuccours fuch a power could give to the enterprifes of France, 
 during the progrefs of a war with the Britifh government. The Go- 
 vernor General added, that no inftrumcnt of d^ftrudion more judi- 
 cioufly placed to ftrike at the heart of the Britifli Empire in India, 
 could fuggeft itfelf to the vindictive hands of the Firfi: Conful of 
 France. 
 
 30/. The Governor General remarked, that fuppoflng a clofc inti- 
 macy between Scindcah and the Britifli government, and even fup-
 
 THE BRITI?^H GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 109 
 
 pofing Scindcah to accede to the general dcfcnfivc alliance with the 
 Company, the Peifliwah, and the Nizam, it was impoffible to fuppofe 
 that this French ftate would cordially co-operate in the fiipport of the 
 Britifli intcrefts, and that little dependence could be placed by it upon 
 the affiftance of Scindcah, (though even he fliould be bound by a dc- 
 fenfive alliance,) in the cafe where his aid would be more eflentially 
 ufcful, that of an attack upon the Britifh poffeflions in the Indies 
 by the French. The Governor General added, that, from the prc- 
 fumptive renewal of the war with France, and the necefsity of taking 
 all pofsiblc meafures of precaution to preferve and fccure the Britifh 
 poflefsions, it was indifpenfable to reduce the French ftate eftablifhed 
 in the Doab, independently of every difficulty between the Britifh 
 government and Scindeah. His excellency eftablifhed the right the 
 Britifh government would have, in peace or war, in alliance with 
 Scindeah, to demand the removal of a danger fb imminent to the 
 frontiers of our pofTefsions, and obferved, that notwithftandlng the 
 refufal or the impofsibility on the part of Scindeah, to accede to this 
 demand, the Britifh government muft fecure the integrity of his 
 territory, by itfelf repulfmg, far from its frontiers, a neighbouring 
 caufe of alarm and uneafinefs. 
 
 308. The Governor General proceeded to eftablifh the moft de^r- 
 able confequenccs of the war, on the north-weft frontiers of Indoftan, 
 that is to fay, the entire redu<S.ion of the regular troops under the 
 orders of M. Perron ; the occupation of the whole fpace of country, 
 forming the Doab, between the Jumna and the Ganges to the rpoun- 
 talns of Cumaon: and the occupying of Delhi, Agra, and a chain of 
 pofts on the right bank of the Jumna, from the mountains of Cumaon 
 to the province of Bundelcund. His excellency obferved, that his 
 intention was not to extend, for the moment, the hmits of the Com- 
 pany's poflefsions, beyond the line of the Jumna, Agra and Delhi 
 included, and a chain of pofts to protect the navigation of the river. 
 
 p
 
 210 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 His excellency added, that all the connedlons which might be form'id 
 to the Ibuth and weft of the Jumna, beyond the line above men- 
 tioned, fhould be founded on the principles of defenfive a^lliance, or 
 tributary dependence, fo as to leave exifting between the Britifh pof- 
 fefsions and the Mahratta empire, a barrier, formed by petty ftates, 
 freely excrcifing the rights of independent government, each in 
 their refpedivc limits, in alliance with the Company, and under the 
 prote6lion of the Britifh government. 
 
 300. His excellency the Governor General pointed out the impor- 
 tance it was of to refcue the perfon and titular authority of the 
 Mogul, from the power and enterprizes of France, and what an ac- 
 cefsion of confequence the Englifli name would acquire in India, by 
 giving an afylum and honourable fupport to that monarch, not lefs 
 unfortunate than outraged. The Governor General added, that the 
 reduction of the French troops would afford the means of contracting 
 alliances with the inferior ftates, fituate beyond the Jumna, which 
 would put us in a fituation, the firft opportunity, to make war ad- 
 vantageoufly, and to form, in thefe petty ftates, a barrier, between 
 Scindeah and the Mahratta chiefs and our northern dlftridls in 
 Indoftan. 
 
 310. His excellency likewife declared, that the near incorporation of 
 the province of Bundelcund to the company's othei' poireftions, 
 was an operation very beneficial to the province and city of Be- 
 nares, and very important to the general fyftem of the defence' of this 
 valuable part of the Britifh poffeflions. His excellency called the 
 attention of the commander in chief to thefe points, and went on to 
 communicate his intentions and instructions as to the o'etl^Kil meafures 
 To be taken, to arrive at a happy refult. The Governor General 
 obferved, that the primary object of the operations of the corhrhaiider 
 in chief muft be, the total dcftrudlion of the Ffench cftablinimcnt.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. Hi 
 
 erected by M. Perron in the Doab ; and enjoined the cominandcr 
 in chief to nnake luch arrangements, and take fuch flcps as he fliould 
 think iidvifable, ,to fecure the luccefs of this important object before 
 the rains were over. 
 
 311. The Governor General added, that the mod: important point 
 attached to the deftrudion of M. Perron's party was, the fafety o£ 
 the perfon of the Mogul, and of the prefamptive heir. 
 
 312. The fecond important point was, the reduction of the for- 
 trefs of Agra ; and his excellency the Governor General gave the 
 commander in chief fome advice as to the manner and time proper 
 for executing this projefl ; always leaving the commander in chief 
 at liberty to take fuch meafures as he fliould think advifable. 
 
 313. The poflefTion of Bundelcund was marked by the Go- 
 vernor General as the third great point of importance. His excel- 
 lency was of opinion, that the detachment ported at Illahabad to 
 cover Benares, would be adequate to take pofleffion of that province. 
 
 314. The Governor General inflructed the commander in chief 
 of the plan of defenfive meafures which he had adopted on the whole 
 frontier, from Mirza pore to Midnapore, (thefe meafures are difcuffed 
 in the 6l8th,and following paraghiphs of this difpatch,) and charged 
 him to occupy the defiles leading from the Dekkan to Indoflan. 
 
 3i5.-'Iri the nates which accompanied thefe inftructions, the at- 
 tention of the commander in chief was directed towards occupying 
 Gwalior, which is guarded by th« troops of Ambajee, and is the key 
 to the principal road from- QajeiU' to the heart of Scindeah's poflef-: 
 iions in Indoflan^'" ''J' ■'' '■■>;;:■':•;;■''/ 
 
 p 2
 
 112 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 316. The Ranah of Gohud, although, by the ufurpation of the 
 late Mahajee-Scindeah, dcfpoiled of his hereditary pofleffions, and 
 deftitute of every power and refource, pafTed for preferving great 
 influence over the tribe of Jats, and for being defirous of the fuccour 
 of the Britifh government. It was thought, that with the aid of 
 the Britifh governnnent, the Ranah of Gohud would be able to levy 
 confiderable forces, which would ferve to impede the march of 
 Scindeah in Indoftan, whilft the occupation of Gvvalior would put 
 us in a flate to maintain the Ranah's authority in the Gohud 
 country, and encourage the Jats to aflift their natural chief, to op- 
 pofe the incursions of Sclndeah's troops. 
 
 317. For the execution of thefe objects, the commander in chief 
 was directed to open negociations with the Ranah of Gohud. As to 
 occupying Gvvalior, the Governor General thought that the fiege of 
 that fortrefs {hould be deferred, until the defeat of M. Perron fhould 
 permit a detachment to be made for that purpofe. The Governor 
 General, as for the reft, gave hopes of the poffibility of obtaining pof- 
 feffion of that fortrefs by peaceable means, Ambajee having often 
 manifefted the defire of joining his interefts to thofe of the Britifh 
 government. 
 
 318. The Governor General likewife communicated to the com- 
 mander in chief, in a general way, the orders which Major-general 
 Wellefley and the Governor of Bombay had received, in cafe of war, 
 to carry hoftilities againft the confederate chiefs into the Dekkan, 
 and into Scindeah's poflefTions in the weftern part of the peninfula. 
 
 319. The attention of the commander in chief was likewife di- 
 rected towards the adoption of an arrangement, calculated to infure 
 the tranquillity of the Nabob- Vizier's polTcfTions during the war.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. IIS 
 
 320. The Governor General informed the commander in chief, 
 that he had, by a fcparate letter, inverted him with the neceffary 
 powers for diredling all the negociations, and all the political arrange- 
 ments which might be convenient for the operations of the Britifh 
 army; referring him to that letter, and to the iiifi:ru6tions which he 
 had addrefled to Mr. Mercer, (they are particularly detailed in the 
 32 zd and fubfequent paragraphs of this difpatch,) as well as to a letter 
 of the Governor General relative to the fituationof his majefty Shah- 
 Allum, (this letter is particularly detailed in the 354th and following 
 paragraphs of thisdifpatch,) for his directions in the courfe of the mea- 
 fures he might refolve to take, for the purpofe of facilitating the ope- 
 rations of his army. The Governor General, neverthelefs, thought 
 it proper to charge the commander in chief to ftrive to detach, byne- 
 gociation, M. Perron from the lervice of Scindeah, and gave him 
 power to conclude a convention, which fliould give him every fe- 
 curity for the prefervation of his perfonal interefls and property, and 
 would grant him a reafonable reward from the Britifh government, 
 if he would give up his military eftabliflbment, and relinquifh his 
 military refources, territorial poflefTions, the perfon of the Mogul, and 
 that of his prefumptive heir, to the commander in chief. 
 
 321. Thefe ihftrudions were accompanied by copies of the notes 
 previoufly fent, in particular to the commander in chief, and are re- 
 peated in the minutes of the 2d of March, 1804. 
 
 322. The Governor General in council thinks it proper now to 
 explain the fubftance of the inflrudliions of the Governor General, 
 dated 2 2d July, to Mr. Mercer, an agent charged by his excel- 
 lency to afTift the commander in chief in executing the inflrudions 
 .of the Governor General, relative to the occupation of the province
 
 lit HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 of Bundelciind, and in concluding the other political arrangements, 
 pointed out in the inftrudions of bis excellency to the commander in 
 chief, dated 25th July, and in the preceding notes annexed to that 
 difpatch. 
 
 323. The local knowledge, political experience, acknowledged 
 zeal, ability and difcretion, which diftinguifhcd Mr. Mercer, and 
 which that gentleman has fo often diiplayed in the fituation of fe- 
 crctary to the lieutenant-governor of the ceded provinces, appeared 
 to entitle Mr. Mercer to the place of political agent in Indoftan, tJ 
 which the Governor General appointed him. 
 
 324. The Governor General was further induced to give that 
 place to Mr. Mercer, from the confideration that thofe in the civil 
 employment of the Company, who could by their local knowledge 
 or experience have any pretenfions thereto, could not have been 
 taken from their adlual employments, without caufing a great inter- 
 ruption in the expediting of affairs, or caufing great lofses to the 
 public fervice. 
 
 325. When Mr. Henry Wellefley, late lieutenant-governor of 
 the ceded provinces, was at lUahabad, on his return from the ceded 
 provinces, Hemmut-Behauder, one of the Peifhw?».h's officers, em- 
 ployed in the province of Bundelcund, made Ibme propofals to Mr. 
 Wellefley for transferring this province to the authority of the Com- 
 pany. At that period Hemmut-Behauder's propofitions could not be 
 liftened to, without the greateft injuflice to his highnefs the PeiiJji 
 wah ; but at prefent, owing to the attempt at fo near a war between 
 the confederate chiefs and the Britifli government, now an ally of 
 the Peifhwah, the occupying, in the Peifhwah's name, that part of 
 the province of Bundelcund which belonged to him, became a 
 meafure of juftice due to the Peifliwah, and convenient for the fup*
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA, US 
 
 port of the Peiftiwah's rights and the defence of the Coreipany's pof- 
 relfions, and would iufure the fuccefs of the mUitary operations of 
 the commander in chief in the north-weft part of Indoftan. 
 
 326. The coufiderations which induced the Governor General to 
 take meafures for occupying Bundelcund by Britifh troops, in con- 
 cert with Hemmut-Behauder, an officer in the fervice of his high- 
 nefs the Peifliwah, are to be feen in his excellency's inftrudtiqns tP 
 Mr. Mercer for the execution of this proje6l. Mr. Mercer wag en- 
 joined by thefe inftruftions, firft to go with the utmoft poflible fpeed' 
 to lUahabad, becaufe the propofitions which Hemmut-Behauder 
 had previoufly made to the honourable Henry Wellelley, had juft 
 been repeated by that chief to the Governor General, through the 
 medium of the colleftor of Ilhihabad. 
 
 327. In conformity with the above eftabliHied principles, the 
 Governor General wrote a letter to Hemmut-Behauder, wherein he 
 fpoke in general terms of his projefts and views on the province of 
 Bundelcund, and remarked, that he Ihould lend a confidential 
 agent to Illrihabad, to confer with Mr. Mercer on the projjafted 
 arrangement. Hemmut Behauder's conditions were a jaghire in the 
 Company's poffeffions, and the freedom of his relation Omrao-Geer, 
 a lubjeft of the Nabob- Vizier, convicted of having taken part in 
 the revolt of the Vizier-Ally, and kept in the prilon of JLucknovv. 
 Mr. Mercer was authorifed to accede to thefe conditions, referving 
 however their fulfilment, in proportion to the degree of the means 
 afforded by Henimut-Behauder, for bringing about the object defired. 
 
 328. The imperfe£l knowledge which the government had of the 
 internal ftate of Bundelcund, and the relative fituation of the chiefs 
 in that province, their povver or influence, rendered necefTary the 
 determination of afcertaining what arrangements it would be defir-
 
 116 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 able to make with them to attain the wiflied-for end. Mr. Mercer 
 was inftruded, that thofe arrangements fhould be made according 
 to the information he was charged to obtain on all thefe points, on 
 his arrival at lUahabad, and to the general fpirit of his Excellency's 
 views and intentions. 
 
 329. The Governor General added to this recommendation, ge- 
 neral inftrudlions as to the nature of the arrangements to be purfued 
 with thofe chiefs. 
 
 330. Inflrudions were likewife fent to Mr. Mercer, relative to 
 the conclufion of an arrangement with the Rajah Adjeet-Sing, here- 
 ditary chief of Boghielcund, whereby that chief would engage to op- 
 pofe every enterprife of the enemy tending to penetrate into the 
 country, through the defiles which are fituated on the frontiers of 
 that province. This negotiation was, in the fequel, confided to the 
 magiftrate of Mirzapore, and its progress and refult will be marked 
 in the courfe of this difpatch, 
 
 331. The Governor General then communicated his fentiments 
 on the fubje£t of an arrangement to be made with the Ranah of Go 
 hud, and the other chiefs of the Jats, whofe ancient pofleflions had 
 been fubjugated by Scindeah, and which muft undoubtedly be im- 
 patient to have an opportunity of fhaking off the authority of the 
 Mahrattas. 
 
 332. The opinion pronounced by the Governor General was, that 
 in cafe of a war, the fecurity of the Britifh pofleflions in the Doab 
 would require the extinction of Scindeah's authority and influence 
 in the north- weftern provinces of Indoftan ; but that the extenfion 
 of the Britifh provinces weflward of the Jumna was not defirable 
 beyond Bundelcund, and the ports or territories necefsary to fecure
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 117 
 
 the navigation of the Jumna. Upon this principle the Governor 
 ■General authorifed the conclofion of an arrangement with the Ranah 
 of Gohud, and the other chiefs of the provinces fituate to the north- 
 wed: of Indoftan, whiohwould fecure them the undifputed pofTcffion 
 of their hereditary fiefs, on condition that they ihould zealoufly co- 
 operate with the Britifh troops, to keep off the troops of Scindeah 
 from this part of Indoflan, as well as to repel every other future 
 expedition, whether of Scindeah, or whatever power which would 
 eftablifli itfelf in their provinces. 
 
 333' Upon thefe views the Governor General thought it right to 
 make an advance of money to the Ranah of Gohud, who pofsefsed 
 great influence amongft the chiefs of the Jats, fo as to put him in 
 a way of uniting his partifans, and joining the Britifh troops. 
 
 334. The Governor General addrefsed a letter to the Ranah of 
 Gohud to engage him to join us. Mr. Mercer was charged to fend 
 it to him, in cafe he fliould find that the junflion of that chief 
 might be of fome importance. 
 
 22^. The Governor General afterwards noticed the importance of 
 concluding defenlive engagements with the chief Rajahpoots of 
 Jynegur and Jadopoor, for the exclufion of Scindeah from the pro- 
 vinces north-weft of Indoftan. 
 
 336. Previous to the date of the inflrudtions tranfmitted by the 
 Governor Generial to his excellency the Commander in Chief, his 
 excellency the Governor General had addrefsed letters to thofe Ra- 
 jahs, with the propofitions of the Britifli government for the con- 
 clufion of defenlive engagements. 
 
 00" 
 
 337. Copies of thefe letters were inclofed in the inftruiflions 
 
 Q
 
 118 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 annexed to the letters addrefsed to Mr, Mercer ; and he was referred 
 to thefe letters for information concerning the nature of the engage- 
 ments defired to be made with thofe chiefs. 
 
 338. The general tenor of the propofitions of the Governor Ge- 
 neral was, that in cafe of hoftilities between the Britifli government 
 and Scindeah, the Rajahs of Jynegur and Jadopoor fhould a£l with 
 all their means againft the pofseffions of Scindeah and thofe of his 
 allies ; that theaftual pofseflions and legitimate rights of thofe chiefs 
 fhould be guaranteed by the Britifli government againft every power 
 who would attaclc or fubjugate them ; and that thefe Rajahs Ihould 
 eno-ao-e to conclude a perpetual treaty of defenfive alliance with the 
 Britifli government, upon conditions, which might afterwards be 
 agreed to, by the contrading parties. 
 
 339. The Governor General at the fame time infilled, in his in- 
 Jtniftions to Mr. Mercer, upon the utility of eftablifliing, with the 
 confent of the Rajahpoots and Jats chiefs, auxiliary Britilh troops in 
 their refpedlive ftates. 
 
 340. The Governor General then proceeded to make known his 
 views and intentions with regard to Zeiboo-Nefla-Begum, commonly 
 called the Begum of Sumroo ; the Begum's jaghire being fituated in 
 the Doab, the Governor General expreffed his defire, to inlert ia 
 every engagement agreed on by the Britifli government, articles 
 which might facilitate the introdudion of Britifli rules in this jag- 
 hire, in cale the circumjacent parts of the Doab fliould purfue the 
 fyflem of government adopted in the Britifli poffeffions. 
 
 341. The Governor General had, at different periods, received 
 letters from the Begum of Sumroo, containing cxprcfsions of her 
 dcfire to place herfclf under the immediate protcdion of the Britifli
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 119 
 
 overnment ; but with regard to the fituation in which the Begum of 
 Sumroo rtood, relative to Scindeah ; her propofition however defir- 
 ablc it might be, was unacceptable by reafon of the peace and amity 
 at that time fubfifting between us and Scindeah. That he might 
 not violate public faith, the Governor General had always rcfufcd her 
 propofitions ; however, apprifing the Begum, that if an opportunity 
 prelcnted itfelf, the Governor General ihould be happy to have it in 
 his power to accept the proofs of her attachment to the Britifh go- 
 vernment. 
 
 342. But Scindeah's late conduct fetting afide all the objeftions 
 flatedagainll: accepting the Begum's propofitions, the Governor General 
 wrote her a letter, in which he invited her to addrefs herfelf to the 
 commander in chief, to adopt meafures for concluding an arrangement 
 and connecting her interefts with thole of the Britifh government ; 
 the Governor General at the fame time en2:a2:ed to fend a confidential 
 agent to the camp of the commander in chief, to confer with him on 
 thefe objects. A copy of this letter was tranfmitted to the com- 
 mander in chief with feparate infliructions, the tenor of which will 
 be found in the fequel of this difpatch. 
 
 3-13. The Governor General thought that it was of the greateft 
 importance, that the detail of the meafures prefcribed by the inftruc. 
 tions above cited, should be conduCled under the infpeiftion of his 
 excellency the commander in chief. Mr. Mercer in confcquence, 
 received an order to repair to the head quarters of the commander 
 in chief, when he should judge the negotiations relating to Bundel- 
 cund fufficiently advanced to permit him to join his excellency, and 
 confide its continuation to the collector at lllahabad. Mr. Mercer was 
 . to receive from the commander in chief, instructions for his further 
 condudf. 
 
 Q 2
 
 l-iO HISTORY OF T?IE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 34-1. The inftructions to Mr. Mercer abovementioned, are repeated 
 in the Confultations, dated 3d March, 1804, No, 2, 2 A, 2 B, 
 2 C. 
 
 POWERS GRANTED TO THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF. 
 
 345. By a feparate letter of the 27th July, the Governor General 
 in council, invefted the commander in chief with all the authority 
 neceflary for executing the operations, and concluding the political 
 arrangements, prefcribed by his inftrudlions of the fame day. 
 
 340. The letter to the commander in chief, which gives him the 
 full powers for executing the projedled operations, and concluding 
 the political arrangements cited above, is founded on the fame prin- 
 ciples as the inflru6tions fent to the honorable Major-general Wel- 
 lertey, dated 20th June, 1803, invefling that officer with full powers 
 to undertake all the negotiations, and conclude all the arrangements, 
 thought neceflary to the fuccefs of the war, or the conclufion of 
 peace. 
 
 347. The commander in chief was invefted with the neceflary 
 powers for deciding on all the cafes which might occur in the execu- 
 tion of the meafurcs prefcribed by the Governor General, and which 
 could refer to the affairs of the Mahratta ftates, situated along the 
 Jumna. His excellency was, however, advifed to refer to the deci- 
 sion of the Governor General, all the affairs where prompt decision 
 was not indifpcnfablc. The commander m chief was authorifed, 
 under similar reftridions, to enter upon and conclude negotiations 
 witli the Mahratta chiefs or jaghirdars, for fulfilling the aim of our 
 alliance with the Pcifhwah, or facilitating the operations of the cam- 
 paign.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA- 1'21 
 
 348. The commander in chief was particularly veiled with powers 
 to treat w ith M. Perron, with the other European or native officers in 
 Scindeah's fervice, with all the chiefs or rajahs of Bundelcund, 
 with the rajahs of Jyncgur and Jadopoor, with the other rajah- 
 poots chiefs, with the ranah of Gohud and the other Jats chiefs, and 
 with the Be2;um of Sumroo and the other chiefs of the Scheiks, on the 
 principles laid down in the inftrudiions addreffed to Mr. Mercer, with 
 which yovir honorable committee has already been made acquainted. 
 
 34Q. The commander in chief was alfb authorifcd to conclude an 
 arrangement with his majcfty Shah-Allum. From a letter already 
 written to his majefty, the commander in chief was moreover autho- 
 rifcd to treat with the Inferior Mahratta chiefs, residing towards the 
 north-weftern frontier of Oude, fo as to prevent, in cafe of war, their 
 jundion with the confederate Mahratta chiefs. 
 
 350. The Governor General ordered the commander in chief to 
 fend copies of thofe inftru(flions to Lieutenant-general Stuart, Major- 
 general Wellefley, the residents at the different courts, and to the 
 agent of the Governor General in the ceded provinces, with the invi- 
 tation of their co-operating with the commander in chief on all the 
 points relating to the full powers with which he was inveftcd. 
 
 351. The commander in chief was invited to hold an unreferved 
 and confidential correfpondcncc with Major-general Wellesley. A 
 copy of thefe inftruilions was tranfmitted to the commander in chief. 
 
 352. For the execution of the foregoing inftrudions, the comman- 
 der in chief was authorifed to require the fervices of all the civil offi- 
 cers, when he (hould judge it neceflary to the fuccefs of the operations 
 confided to him.
 
 -it>2 HISrORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 35 3. The inllrudion^ detailed in the preceding paragraphs arc re- 
 peated in the confultation dated '_'d March 1804, No. 5. 
 
 3.54. The Governor General now fubmits, for the infpeAion of 
 vour honorable committLC. the i'eparate inllrudions vvliich he ad- 
 diclTed to tlie commander in chief on the different branches of the ge- 
 neral plan of operations, and on the political arrangements traced in the 
 dilpatch of the Governor General, dated i-'/th July, to the comman- 
 der in chief. 
 
 SIIAH-ALT.UW. 
 
 355. Bv a feparate letter, dated on the fame day, the commander 
 ui chief was informed, in detail, of the meafures he was to take \n 
 regard to his majefty Shah-Allum, and the royal family, in cafe his 
 roajefty and his t'amily fliould be under the protection of the Britifli 
 government. 
 
 356. Perfuaded that it was matcrieU that his majefty Shah-Allum 
 fliould be informed of the favorable intentions of the Governor Gene- 
 ral towards him, his excellency w-rote a letter to his majefty, purport- 
 ing that, " in the prefent crifis of affairs, his majefly would, without 
 doubt, find an opportunity of coming to place himfelf under the pro- 
 tection of the Britifli government." His excellency affured his majefty, 
 that if he would accept the afjlum which the commander in chief 
 was charged to offer, he would there receive all the attention and de- 
 mcnftrations of refpect due to his majefty. His excellency added, 
 that the Britifli government would provide handfomely for the ex- 
 penfes of his family and his houfe. His majefty was referred to the 
 commander in chief for farther details.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. yjs 
 
 357. This letter was addreiTcd to the commander in chief, with 
 intlruclions as to the manner of having it conveyed to his Majefty. 
 
 358. With the view of preventing all the enterprifes of the Frencli 
 officers charged with the Mogul's guard, and which, in cafe of the 
 movement of the Britifli troops towards Delhi, might conduct his 
 majellry into a place, where he would be flieltered from the confe- 
 qucnccs of our power, the commander in chief received particular 
 inftruftions to combine the operations of his army, fo as to prevent 
 the execution of that enterprife. 
 
 359. The Governor General obferved, to the commander in chief 
 tliac the definitive arrangement to be concluded with his majefty 
 Shah-Allum, would comprehend political queftions of great national 
 importance, which would be the fubje(5t of future deliberation ; that, 
 for the prefent, the intention of the Governor General was only to- 
 aflure his majefty, of the protecT:ion of the Britifli Government, and 
 to affign to his Majefty and the royal family, an honorable penlion for 
 their fupport, the increafe of which fbould be regulated by events. 
 The Governor General expreffed his opinion, that the emperor would 
 not hefitatc a moment to place himfelf under the proteftion of the 
 Britifli government, without ftipulatlng for conditions. The ap- 
 parent impoftibility of his Majefty 's efcape from Delhi, to put him- 
 felf under the protection of the Britifh Government, was a circum- 
 ft^nce which neceftarily required to be takea into confideration. 
 
 3.O0. The occupation of Delhi appeared to the Governor General, 
 the only means of putting his Majefty under the protection of the- 
 Britifli government. The Governor General notified to the com- 
 mander in chief, that when this- event Ihould take place, it was his 
 moft fangulne defire, that his Majefty and all his family fhould tafte 
 the' happinefs of their change of fttuation, by receiving from the com-
 
 124 HISTORY OF THfi TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 mander in chief and from all thofc employed in the Britifli govern- 
 incnt, every poffible attention, all the marks of a refpeitful devotion, 
 ^n fhort, all the refpeft and affiflance fuitable to his Alajefty and the 
 royal family, without however negleifling an^' thing to fecure their 
 pcrfons. . The Governor General charged the commander in chief, 
 'n cafe his Majefty Shah-AIlum fliould come and put himfelf under 
 the prote<5lion of the Britifli government, to appoint a civil and mili- 
 tary officer of high rank, to accompany his Majefty under the title of 
 Britifli Reprefentative ; that officer to be provided with inftrudlions for 
 the condu6l he would have to obferve towards his Majefly and the 
 royal family. 
 
 30 1. According to the refolution of the Governor General, to defer 
 the concluflon of an arrangement with his Majefty and the royal 
 family, the commander in chief received an order to refufc all ne- 
 gotiation with his Majefly. The commander in chief likewife re- 
 ceived Inftrudllons to refer to the Governor General, all the propo- 
 rtions which his Majefty might make, and which would admit of 
 delay in their decifion. (Conference 2nd March, 1804, No. 6.) 
 
 BUNDELCUND-RAJAHPOOTS, AND THE BEGUM OF 
 
 SUMROO. 
 
 302. The nature of the inffcru£lions given to Mr. Mercer, the fub- 
 ftance of which is in the 322d paragraph of this difpatch, made it 
 neccffary to fend them to the commander In chief, to enable him to 
 aflift Mr Mercer in his operations, and facilitate his execution of 
 the mcafurcs prcfcribed in the faid Inftrudlions. The Governor Ge- 
 neral, confequently, fent intelligence on this head to the commander 
 in chief. The points to which he called his particular attention were, 
 ift. The guaranty of the engagements which Mr. Mercer concluded
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 12,^ 
 
 with the chiefs of Bundclcund, by fending a military force, the 
 amount to be eftimated according to the judgment of the commander 
 in chief. — 2d, The conclufion of the arrangement with the rajahs of 
 Jynegiir and Jodapoor, for the purpofe of inducing them to co- 
 operate with the Britlfh troops againft the Mahratta chiefs, 
 
 303. The Governor Q^eral in council has already made known 
 to your honourable committee the contents of the letters addrefled to 
 the rajahs of Jynegur and Jodapoor, to prevail on them to co-operate 
 with the Englifli troops, and conclude treaties of defenfive alliance 
 with the Britifh government. Thefe letters were fent to the com- 
 mander in chief, with orders to have them forwarded with celerity 
 and fecrecy. The inflruiflions fent hereupon to the commander in 
 chief may be found in the confultations, 2d March, 1804, No. 2. 
 
 36i. The Governor General noticed to the commander in chief, 
 that he had every reafon to be fatisfied with the difpofitions that the 
 rajahs of Jynegur and Jodapoor had manifefi:ed, of joining the 
 Britifli troops to fliake off the yoke of the Mahrattas. The Governor 
 General obferved, at the fame time, that the fear of M. Perron's 
 refentment might perhaps prevent thofe chiefs from immediately 
 fhowing their intentions ; that the haftily fending an agent to nego- 
 tiate with them might alarm M. Perron, and decide him to take 
 meafures for preventing their jundlion with the Britifli troops ; and 
 that the fear of betraying themfelves might perhaps prevent thofe 
 chiefs from fending confidential agents to the commander in chief, 
 which the letters of the Governor General might incline them to do. 
 
 365. The Governor General afterwards recommended to the 
 commander in chief to communicate his fentiments to the rajahs of 
 Jynegur and Jodapoor, and to write to them, to know whether 
 
 n
 
 126 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 thofe chiefs, in compliance with the propofitions of the Governor 
 General, were difpofed to join the Britifli troops. 
 
 360. The third important objedl, recommended to the attention of 
 the commander in chief, was theprojedled arrangement with the Ranah 
 of Gohud. His excellency was authorized to regulate his condudl 
 with regard to that and the other Jats chirfs, by the information he 
 fnould receive from Mr. Mercer, as to their fituation, their power, 
 and their difpofitions. 
 
 3O7. The attention of the commander in chief was, in the fourth 
 place, direfted towards the arrangement, which the Governor Ge- 
 neral propofed to negotiate relative to the Jaghire of the Begum of 
 Sumroo. A copy of the letters written by her to the Governor Ge- 
 neral, expreffing her defire of placing herfelf under the prote£tion of 
 the Britifli government, and the anfwers of the Governor General, 
 of which mention is made in paragraphs No. 340 and 341 of this 
 difpatchj were fent to the commander in chief. 
 
 368. The Governor General communicated to the commander in 
 chief the contents of his letter to the Begum. That letter included 
 his excellency's acceptance of the offers made to him by the Begum, 
 and is mentioned in the 34 2d and following paragraphs of this dif- 
 patch. 
 
 3Cq. The Governor General recommended the commander in. 
 chief to dired the negotiation he might undertake with the Begum, 
 towards the end of facilitating the introduftion of Britifh rules in her 
 Jaghire, in the manner prefcribcd in Mr. Mercer's inftrudions. 
 
 370. The Governor General communicated to the commander in 
 chief his intention of hereafter exchanging the Begum's Jaghire for a
 
 THE DIIITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 127 
 
 penfion, proportionate to her territorial pofleflions and their revenues, 
 and to the fervlces llie might render the Britifli government by her 
 afliftance and influence. 
 
 371. The Governor General pointed out to the commander in 
 chief his intention that the Begum fhould be required to recall her 
 battalions ferving in Scindcah's troops, and employing her influence 
 in the Doab favourably to the Britifli government, as the only means 
 of being admitted to the advantages of our proted;ion. 
 
 372. For the moft ample details on the inftrudions given by the 
 Governor General to the commander in chief, his excellency refers 
 your honourable committee to the confultations of the 2d March, 
 1804, No. 7. 
 
 INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF, 
 When hejhali have pajfed the Frontiers. 
 
 373. The Governor General having already communicated to the 
 commander in chief his general vievv^s and intentions with refpedl 
 to the campaign againfl Scindeah in the north-weft of India, after- 
 wards thought it advifeable to lay down fome i-ules for the conduil 
 of the commander in chief when he Ihould, with his army, have 
 crofled the Britifli frontiers. Thefe regulations were laid down with 
 the view of facilitating the fucceffes of the Britifli army, conciliating 
 the affc'dlions of the inhabitants, and putting the commander in 
 thief in a (ituation to infure the fubfiftence of his troops. For this 
 purpofe, the commander in chief was defired to promulgate a procla- 
 mation in his name, promifing his excellency's protcdion in perfon 
 and property to the individuals who might furnifli, on reafonablfe 
 -conditions, grain, cattle, &c. for the Britifli army, giving alTurancc 
 
 R 2
 
 118 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 that no one fliould be molcfted unlefs taken in arms, and oppofing 
 the operations of the Britifh army, by refufing it the ueceflary fub- 
 liflence. 
 
 3/4. The commander in chief was recommended to turn Ills 
 greatefl attention to keeping order in the army, fo as to concihate the 
 afFedtions of the inhabitants of the countries through which it pafled; 
 and for this purpofe the commander in chief was authorized topubhfli 
 fuch regulations as he might think proper. 
 
 375. The Governor General conceiving that there would be found 
 fome tributary chiefs and principal officers of Sclndeah, befides thofc 
 Ipoken of in the inllrudions to the commander in chief and Mr. 
 Mercer, who might defire to renounce their promifed obedience to 
 that chief, and might wlfli to throw themfelves upon the immediate 
 protedlion of the Englifli government, and confiderlng that the war 
 about to take place was the refult of Scindeah's condu6l and aggref- 
 lion, he thought that advantage might, without Injuftice, be taken 
 of the dlfcontents and want of attachment of the fubjeds and officers 
 belonging to that army. His excellency, therefore, authorized the 
 commander in chief to give thofc tributary chiefs, and others who 
 might break their oath of allegiance towards Scindeah, and afterwards 
 zealoufly ferve the Brltifli interefls, a pofitive affiarance of the ho- 
 norable company's iincere proteftion. 
 
 37O. The Governor General llkewlfe thought it right to hold out 
 to the inhabitants of that part of the Doab, fubjedl to Scindeah and 
 M. Perron, that tranquillity and fecurity for their perfons and pro- 
 perties which the inhabitants of the ceded provinces enjoyed under 
 the fyftcm of the honorable company's adminlftration ; with the view 
 of inducing the Mahratta fubjeds In the Doab to accept the protec- 
 tion of the Britifli government. It alfo appeared material to the
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 129 
 
 Governor General, in cafe the army fliould advance into the country, 
 to take cxad ftatements of the revenues, with the names of thofe 
 who poiTcfs them. The advantages of this operation were, ift. To 
 infure thofe refources for the continuance of the war; and, 2d, if 
 that operation were conduded with juft moderation, to attach them 
 to our caufc, and be the means of inducing a great number of the 
 inhabitants to furnifh the army with all neceflary fupplies, and fa- 
 cilitate the cftablilliment of a barrier againft every inroad into the 
 Britifh pofleffions, or thofe of the Nabob- Vizier. 
 
 377. To fecurc to the commander in chief the aid and affiftance 
 of all the civil and military fervants on requifite occafions, the Go- 
 vernor General in council made a proclamation, whereby all thofe 
 in civil and military employments, and all fubje6ls of the Britifli 
 Government, were required immediately to obey the requifitions 
 made them by the commander in chief The Governor General has 
 the honor to refer your honorable committee, for more ample details 
 on this fubjeft, to the confultations 2d March, 1804, No. 8 and g. 
 
 GHOL AM-MOH AMED- KHAN. 
 
 378. On a re-perufal of the notes which were fent to his excel- 
 lency the commander in chief, in the month of June, 1803, your 
 honorable committee may convince itfelf, that the inftrudions above 
 detailed to the commander in chief were founded on the fame plan, 
 and didatcd by the fame views, as the notes. The advices which 
 the Governor General received from the refident at Scindeah's court,, 
 during the interval of time which elapfed between the date of the 
 notes and that of his excellency's inilructions to the commander in 
 chief, fully confirmed the neceflity of the meafures which the Go--
 
 1:J0 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 vernor General had refolved to adopt for avenging the rights, and 
 fecuring the tranquillity, of the Britifli government and its allies. 
 
 379. The account of the conduct and tranfactions of Colonel 
 Collins at the court of Scindeah, from the period ftated in the 202d 
 preceding paragraph of this difpatch, will be regularly continued in 
 one of the following paragraphs. It is, however, convenient at this 
 time to remark, that by a letter from Colonel Collins, dated 14th 
 June, and received 0th July, this refident communicated fome fecret 
 correfpondence with the agents of Scindeah at Delhi, which proved 
 that Scindeah's emiflaries had recently gone to Gholam-Mohamed, a 
 Rohilla chief, refiding at Madaun ; that M. Perron had addreffed 
 fome letters to that chief, to invite him to come, with all his par- 
 tizans, and join his army, by the way of Lahoumpore, defigning to 
 excite troubles in the Jaghire of Rampore, fituate in the Rohilconde. 
 General Perron alTured Gholam-Mohamed of his protc<5lioii and fup- 
 port, as well as that of Scindeah. This officer had alfo written clan- 
 deftinely to the principal perfons inhabiting the Jaghire of Rampore, 
 to excite them to difturb the tranquillity of the company's poffeffions. 
 
 380. This intcUigence was confirmed by advices continually and 
 conftantly communicated to the Governor General by the refident at 
 Lucknow, and the government-agent in the ceded provinces of Oudc. 
 All confirmed the truth of the fecret preparations of Gholam-Mo- 
 hamed, for executing the projed fuggefted to him by Scindeah and 
 General Perrron, to fl:ir up troubles in the dlftridl of Rampore, and 
 to interrupt the tranquillity of the company's and Vizier's poffef- 
 fions. 
 
 381. In confequence of this information, it became neceffary to 
 obferve with vigilance the conduct and intentiions of Gholara-Mo
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 131 
 
 hamed, and to take all proper mcafurcs for rendering his perni- 
 cious dcfires abortive, and for feizing upon his perfon. Gholam- 
 Mohamed-Khan had remained fome years at Xadown, under the 
 protection of rajah Sunfur-Chund, proprietor of that territory. With 
 the view of engaging the rajah, by motives of intereft, to give up 
 Gholam-Mohamed to the Britifli government, or to keep that cliicf 
 in prifon fo as to prevent the execution of his hoftilc projects, inftruc- 
 tions were addreffed (on the ift Auguft) to the refident at Luck now, 
 with an order to fend a confidential agent to the rajah Sunfur-Chund, 
 to regulate with him all the arrangements to that effect. A copy of 
 the inftructions, with authority to modify them, was tranfmitted to 
 the commander in chief The powers given to the agent employed 
 on this occafion, and the inftruction to modify the orders of the 
 Lucknow refident, given to the commander in chief, were calcu- 
 lated for the maintenance of peace and tranquillity in Oude and 
 Rohilconde. 
 
 382. The above-mentioned inftructions are in the confultations 
 dated 2d March, 1804, No. 10. 
 
 383. On the 26th Julv, the Governor General received from Mr. 
 Leycefter, the receiver of Moxadabad, copies of Scindeah's letters to 
 Gholam-Mohamed-Khan and Bumboo-Khan, fonofthe late Zebeta- 
 Khan, who poiTeffed a dil^rict in the vicinity of Sohaumpore. Thefe 
 letters contained Scindeah's pofitlve declarations of the determination-, 
 he had of commencing war againft the Britifh government, and. 
 importuned thofe chiefs to join General Perron againft the Englifh. 
 
 384. Thefe letters were communicated to Mr. Leycefter by 
 Buniboo-Khan, and were accompanied by, offers of his fexvice to the- 
 Britifh government.
 
 132 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 385. As it was of moment for the good of the fervice to uifure the 
 attachment of Bumboo-Khan, and take advantage of his good in- 
 tentions, the Governor General thought proper to accept his offers, 
 and wrote a letter to that chief, to inform him that he would accept 
 of his fervices, and to promife him the protection and favour of the 
 Britifli government. (Confultation 2d March, 1804, No. 23, A.) 
 
 380. This letter was fent to the commander in chief, with a copy 
 of the letters from the receiver at Moxadabad, as well as the pieces 
 annexed. Joined to this were the infhrudtions of the Governor Ge- 
 neral to regulate the condu<5l of the commander in chief, with regard 
 to Bumboo-Khan. 
 
 38/. The Governor General left to the commander in chief the 
 care of employing, in the moft advantageous manner, the means and 
 influence of Bumboo-Khan for the advantage of the fervice. The 
 Governor General alfo fuggefled to the commander in chief the idea 
 of inducing Bumboo-Khan to feize on Golham-Mohamed-Khan, and 
 give him up to the Britifli government ; or, if that were not polTible, 
 to prevent, by the forces he was to condu6l to Perron's army, Gholam- 
 Mohamed-Khan from joining the confederate army, or raifmg dif- 
 turbances in the company's lands, and thofe of the Nabob- Vizier. 
 
 388. It was left to the difcretion of the commander in chief to 
 decide on what conceflions (hould be offered to Bumboo-Khan ; 
 neverthelefs the commander In chief was particularly charged to 
 offer him a pecuniary recompence In cafe his excellency fliould think. 
 that offer more likely to interefl him in favour of the Britifh go- 
 vernment. 
 
 389. Mr. Leycefter's difpatchcs to the commander in chief, and the
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 133 
 
 inftrudlons relative thereto, (Coiifultations 29th December, 1803, 
 No. I.) are entered in the coiifultations, March 2, 1804, No. 28. 
 
 390. Although the Governor General had no doubt of the authen- 
 ticity of the letters from Scindeah to Gholam-Mahomed-Khan and 
 Bumboo-Khan, notwithftanding he had only received the copies from 
 Mr. Leycefter ; his excellency, however, had thought it proper to 
 charge Mr. Leycester to endeavour to procure the original letters 
 from Bumboo-Khan. With this view Mr. Leycefter was to fend a 
 confidential agent to that chief, with inftrudlions accordingly. Mr. 
 Leycefter was authorifed to offer Bumboo-Khan a large fum to get 
 thefe important letters out of his hands. 
 
 391. The inflru6lions of the Governor General to Mr. Leycefter 
 on this fubjedl, as well as correfpondent inftruftions to the agent of 
 the Governor General in the ceded provinces, are in the confulta- 
 tions of the dates and numbers of the 29th December, 1803. — 4 A 
 4B. 
 
 THE SCHEIKS CHIEFS. 
 
 392. Befides the numerous meafures prefcribed by the Governor 
 General in his different difpatches to the commander in chief, and 
 which have been already fpoken of, his excellency thought it right 
 to annex thereto new inftrudlions, with the view of obtaining the 
 co-operation of the principal chiefs of the tribe of ^ the Scheiks, in 
 the event of a war against the Mahrattas, and to prevail on the 
 Rajah of Puttcalah to oppofe the progrefs of Gholam-Mohamed- 
 Khan in the Rohilconde. 
 
 393. For the detail of thefe inftrucStions, the Governor General 
 
 s
 
 ■ iS'J. HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 refers your honorable committee to the minutes noted under date 
 2nc] March, 1804, No, il. 
 
 LIEUTENANT-COLONEL SYMMEL. 
 
 394. The Governor General thinking that it would be neceflfary 
 to put under the orders of the commander in chief, a perfon who 
 could affift him in the conduft and execution of the immenfe ope- 
 rations confided to him; for that purpofe placed Lieutenant-colonel 
 Symmel near his excellency. Colonel Symmel, who, from a laud- 
 able zeal, had juft given up his intention of returning to Europe for 
 the eftablilhment of his health, received orders to join the com- 
 mander in chief with the leaft poffible delay, to labour under his 
 direction, at the political operations which he would point out. Un- 
 fortunately Colonel Symmel's diforder having affumedthe moft alarm- 
 ing appearance, it was not poffible for him to repair to the camp of 
 the commander in chief, and this officer, of fuch diftinguiffied and 
 acknowledged merit, found himfelf compelled to renew his demand 
 for leave to return to Europe. The miffion intended for Lieutenant- 
 colonel Symmel, was affigned to Captain J. Baillie, in the fame 
 manner as had been regulated. 
 
 395. For the detail of the inftrudions of the Governor Ge- 
 neral to Lieutenant-colonel Symmel, his excellency refers your 
 honorable committee to the confultations of the 12th November, 
 1803, ^'^^ ^5^ -^^ 
 
 396. The Governor General in council has now to communicate 
 to your honourable committee, the fubftance of the inftruftions fent 
 by his excellency to the commander in chief, on the military ope- 
 rations and political arrangements confided to his immediate fuperin- 
 tendance in cafe of war with the confederate Mahratta chiefs.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 135 
 
 "^g"]. The inftrudlions fent in conformity to the plan of operations 
 and arrangements eftablifliecl in the diipatch of the Governor Gene- 
 ral to the commander in chief, 27th July, to defend the line of fron- 
 tier from Midnapore to Mirzapore ; to fuccour our pcfleffions in 
 Bhugailcond, to carry on negociations with the feudatory chiefs and 
 dependents of the Rajah of Berar towards the weftern limi«:s of the 
 Britifli pofTeflions, and to occupy the province of Cuttack, will be 
 detailed in one of the following paragraphs of this difpatch, with the 
 manner of executins; thefe inftru«5lions. 
 
 SCINDEAH. 
 
 398. The Governor General now thinks it proper to revert to the 
 negociations and fteps purfued by Colonel Collins at the Court of 
 Scindeah. 
 
 399. The interview of the two chiefs Dowlut-Row-Sclndeah, and 
 the Rajah of Berar, took place on the 4th June, at Mulhapore, on the 
 frontiers of the ftates of his highnefs the Nizam. (Confultations and 
 July, 1803, No- i» 2-) 
 
 400. Colonel Collins, on the 5th, fent his native fecretary, with 
 his compliments to the Berar Rajah. The Rajah received the fecre- 
 tary with many civilities, and informed him that he had, the even- 
 ing before, received a letter from the Governor General, together 
 with the copy of the treaty of Baflein. 
 
 401. The fecretary was informed by the Rajah's prime mlnifler, 
 that the letter from the Governor General was the firft tidings that 
 had been received of the conclufion of a treaty between the Britifh 
 government and the Peifhwah ; Jadoor-Row, Sciudeah's minifter to 
 
 s 2
 
 136 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 the Rajah of Berar, having only faid that the two powers were 
 engaged in negotiating a treaty. (Confultation 21ft July 1803, 
 No. 4.) 
 
 402. On the 8th June, the Rajah of Berar and Scindeah had a 
 long conference. To this time, all that had paffed were mere cere- 
 monies of etiquette. The day follov\ing. Colonel Collins fent a 
 trufty man, a native of the country, to notify to Scindeah, that as 
 he had juft had a conference with the Rajah of Berar, it was indif- 
 penfable for him to give a clear and unequivocal anfwer to the quef- 
 tions which the refident had put to him on the 8th May. 
 
 403. The anfwer to this notification was evafive. Another flep, 
 conducled by the fame agent, and tending to obtain from Jadoor- 
 Row (who accompanied the Rajah from Berar to Mulhapore, and 
 took his place as prime minifter of Scindeah's Durbar), fome infight 
 into the intention of Scindeah was likewife unfuccefsful. On the 
 nth the refident addrefTed a memorial to Scindeah ; the obje£l of it 
 was to make known to him the neceffity of declaring his intentions, 
 and to apprize him, that (hould he perfift in his refufal of all expla- 
 nation, he muft quit the camp. The memorial was prefented by the 
 refident's native fecretary. He was anfwered, that Scindeah was yet 
 in want of another interview with the Rajah of Berar, and that an 
 anfwer (hould be given without fail in two or three days. 
 
 404. The refident fent his native fecretary to the camp of the 
 Rajah of Berar, in order to acquaint him with the contents of the 
 memorial addreiTed by the Refident to Scindeah, and demanding to 
 know whether he had given an anfwer to the letter from the Gover- 
 nor General of the 13th May. 
 
 405. The native fecretary explained to the Rajah of Berar, the 
 tenor of the conference which had taken place between Colonel
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 137 
 
 Collins and Scindeah, and the fubje£t of the colonel's memorial ; he 
 added, that as Scindeah had referred the alternative of peace or war 
 with the Company to the wifdom of the Rajah, he would acquire 
 much more honor and glory in preferving the peace than in deciding 
 the war. 
 
 406. The Rajah of Berar anfwered to this, that he could give no 
 defiaitive anfwer until he was perfedly informed of the affairs in 
 queftion, and of the demands made by the Britifh government to 
 
 .Scindeah. He added, that he fliould not quit his pofition until fome 
 decilion had taken place. 
 
 407. The native fecretary informed the Rajah of Berar, that the 
 Britllh government demanded from Scindeah that he fliould not 
 throw any impediment in the way of the execution of the arrange- 
 ment concluded at BaiTein ; and that as a proof of his pacific inten- 
 tioiis, he fliould retire to the north of his flates beyond the Nerbudda. 
 He obferved that Major-general Wellesley at the head of the Com- 
 pany's and Peifliwah's forces, was marching towards the frontiers of 
 the Peifliwah, and that the Britifli army was waiting only for Scin- 
 deah's anfwer on the queflion of war or peace. He befides added, 
 that if the anfwer were delayed, the Britifli government would regard 
 fuch (ilenceasa proof of holl;ile intentions. 
 
 408. The Rajah of Berar anfwered, that there was the greateft 
 neceility that the refidcnt fliould wait, not only the rdult of anorher 
 conference between Scindeah and him, but alio that of a conference 
 which would take place between thofe two and Holkar ; becaufe his 
 confeiit was actually indilpenfable to deciding on the peace or war, 
 and Serudhur-Punt, minifler of the Rajah of Berar, propofed a fiif- 
 penfion of hoftilities between the Britifli government and the M.ih- 
 ratta chiefs, until the rcfult ot the conference between the three
 
 las ■ TOSTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 Mahratta chiefs was known. At this period Holkar was at a great 
 diflance from Mulhapore. 
 
 409. The Rajah's minifters then obferved that the letter from the 
 Governor General to the Rajah, aflerted that Scindeah had approved 
 the conduct of the Engliih, and the march of their troops to Poo- 
 nah, to reflore the Peifliwah ; a ftatement which Scindeah had for- 
 mally denied to Jadoor-Rovv. 
 
 4 1 0. The native fecretary apprifed Serudhur-Punt, that Scindeah 
 had given his tacit approbation to the treaty of Baffein, in a letter to 
 Colonel Clofe, received at Baffein, 3d March 1803; that Colonel 
 Collins had a copy of that letter and could communicate it. A tranf- 
 lation of the letter is in the confultations gth March, No. 121. 
 
 411. The rajah of Berar, at the clofe of that conference, promifed 
 to sfive an anfwcr to the letter which he had received from the Gover- 
 nor General, after a confultation with Dowlut Row Scindeah. 
 
 412. Colonel Collins having received a verbal communication from 
 Scindeah, rcfpe6ting the vifjt made by the refident to the rajah of 
 Berar, the refident fent his native fecretary on the 1 8th May to the 
 Berar rajah, for the purpofe of demanding a rendezvous for the day 
 on which that ceremony was to take place ; but the rajah did not ap. 
 pear difpofcd to receive the refident, and not only did he decline fixing 
 a day for the vifit, but even threw obftacles in the way of its taking 
 place. 
 
 413. This condu£l having appeared, to the refident, the refult of a 
 preconcerted intention between the two chiefs, for gaining time and 
 humiliating the Britifli agents, he, on the 1 gth June, addrcffcd a Me- 
 morial to Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, in which he acquainted him with 
 }iis refolution of quitting Scindcah's camp on the 22d.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 139 
 
 414. The anfwer to this memorial, and the aflurancc it contained, 
 that he (hould have a fatisfaftory anfwer in the fpace of fix days, in- 
 duced the refident to wait the expiration of that term. 
 
 4^5. On the 25th June, Colonel Collins paid his firft vifit to the 
 rajah of Bcrar, and took advantage of the opportunity to make iome 
 obfcrvations on the letter of the Governor General, dated 2 2d May, 
 (the fubftance of which is related in the 247th paragraph of this dif^ 
 patch and of which a copy was tranfmitted to the rajah by the refi- 
 dent) ; but when Colonel Collins was difpofed to enter into a difcuf- 
 fion an the fubje6t of that letter, the rajah avoided treating of any 
 bufinefs whatever. 
 
 416. The 28th, the period fixed by Scindeah for his final aniwer, 
 having paffed over, the refident fent his native fecretary to Scindeah 
 to remind him of his promife ; the fecretary learnt that the refident 
 would be invited to a conference with the confederate chiefs, in which 
 they would altogether declare their final determination. (Confultation 
 21ft July, No, 21, 22.) 
 
 417. On this occafion, the faid lecretary prefentjd a duplicate of 
 the Peifhwah's letter to Scindeah, announcing that his highnefs had 
 entered into a defenfive engagement with the Britifli government. 
 Scindeah and the miniflers declared that the original had not been 
 received, and Jadoor-Row obferved that nothing could be founded on 
 fuch a letter, until Scindeah had had an interview with the Peifliwah. 
 
 418. In confequence of the promife made by Scindeah, on the 
 28th June, the Berar rajah withdrew his camp to a great diftance from 
 that of Scindeah. However, in compliance with his preffmg demand^ 
 Colonel Collins obtained an^ interview with Dowlut Kow-Scindcahj 
 on the ill July. (Confuitatlons nth Augufl, No. 23.)
 
 140 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 4ig. The refident made remonftrances againft the fi<flitious evafions 
 employed by Scindeah's miniflers to avoid the execution of their maf- 
 ter's promlfe given in writing. 
 
 •^20. He obferved that ten days had elapfcd without having received 
 the explanation which had been promifed him in fix, and declared 
 that he would fufFer himfelf to be deceived no longer. 
 
 42 1. The atifwers of Scindeah and of Jadoor-Row were ftlll evafive 
 and in no wife fatlsfactory ; every explanation on the fubje6l of the 
 menacing pofition of the confederate armies, and of the intentions of 
 their chiefs, in refpecl to the treaty of EafTeln, or on the queftlon of 
 peace or war, was deferred to another conference between Scindeah, 
 and the rajah of Bcrar. 
 
 422. Notwithflandlng the invidious and Infultlng nature of thefe 
 anfwers, the refident, with a very laudable prudence, did not give up 
 all hope of being able to bring the ncgoclatlon to an amicable conclu- 
 fion. He confequently agreed to remain in Dovvlut-Row-Scindeah's 
 camp, upon the promlfe of Jadoor-Row, that the confederate chiefs 
 Ihould not delay beyond four or five days to fend their determination ; 
 the refident, at the fame time declared, that he could not be anfwer- 
 able, that hoftilitles might not take place Immediately, in confequence 
 of the threatening pofition of the confederate armies and the Conti- 
 nual delays of the chiefs in communicating their refolution. 
 
 423. On the 4th July the refident aflifted at a conference held in 
 the camp of the Rajah of Berar, between that chief and Dowlut- 
 Row-Scindcah. (Confultatlons 1 ] th Augufl, No. 25.) 
 
 424. Colonel Collins, on this occafion, reiterated the motives lie 
 had previoufly developed, for proving the pacific difpofitlons of the
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. ui 
 
 Britifli government, and the friendly aim of the treaty of Baffein ; he 
 fupported the right of the Peifliwah to conclude engagements inde- 
 pendent of the interference of any fubordinate chief whatever. 
 
 425. In anfwer to the obfervations made by the refidcnt, Serudhur- 
 Punt, prime minifter of the rajah of Berar, complained of the irregular 
 condud of the Peifliwah, who had concluded the treaty of BafTein 
 without the concurrence or advice of the rajah of Berar and Dowlut- 
 Row-Scindeah. 
 
 ,426. Colonel Collins obferved to the minifter that the dilatorinefs ot* 
 thofe chiefs in marching to the Peifliwah's affiftance had compelled 
 his highnefs to feek the protedion of the Britifli government. 
 
 427. Colonel Collins afterwards repeated his demand touching the 
 explanation of the intentions of the confederate chiefs, and after feveral 
 difcuffions and evafions on the part of the minifters of the confederate 
 chiefs, they declared diftindlly to the rcfident that they had no defign 
 to oppofe the engagements which the Britifh government might have 
 formed with the Peifliwah ; they likewife promifed that their armies 
 fliould not advance to Poonah nor go beyond the limits of the 
 Adjuntee-Ghaut. In confequence of thefe aiTurances they demanded 
 the fufpenfion of every ulterior march of the Britifli troops. Colonel 
 Collins replied that, to prove the fmcerity of their difpofitions, it was 
 indifpenfably neceflary that Dowlut-Rovv-Scindeah fliould rcpafs the 
 Nerbudda, and the Berar rajah fliould return to Nagpore ; and that in 
 cafe they adhered to this propofition he did not doubt that Ma- 
 jor-general Wellefley would, in turn, confent to withdraw his 
 troops. 
 
 428. The rcfident left the conference without having obtained a
 
 ]4S HISTORY OF THE TRAXS ACTIONS OF 
 
 fatisfador)' aflurance on the fubjedl of the confent of the confederate 
 chiefs to fuch an arrangement. 
 
 429. The gth July the refidcnt received letters addrelled to tiie 
 Governor-general by Dowlut-Row- Scindeah and the rajah of Berar. 
 (Confultation nth Auguft, No, 26, 28, 2g.) 
 
 430. Thefe two letters notified the receipt of the letters from the 
 Governor- general on the fubje£l of the treaty of Baflein. 
 
 431. The rajah of Berar had then received the letters from the 
 Governor-general, dated 13th and 22d May; the fubftance of which 
 is narrated in the 212th and 247th paragraphs of this difpatch; but 
 the difpatch which his excellency had writtten to Dowlut-Rovv- 
 Scindeah, dated 1 1th June, on the fubject of the treaty of BaiTein, had 
 not been delivered until the day after the date of that chief's letter 
 which relates to a difpatch of the Governor-general on that fubjeft. In 
 thefe letters the confederate chiefs maintain that the general confent 
 and concurrence of the principal branches of the Mahratta empire 
 were neceffary to the validity of every political engagement, whatever 
 might be its importance, between his highnefs the Peifhwah and a 
 foreign Rate ; but they, at the fame time, declared that it was not 
 their intention to annul the treaty of Baflein provided the Britifli go- 
 vernment and the Peifhwah had no intention of annulling the engage- 
 ment fubfifting between the Peifhwah and the Mahratta chiefs. 
 
 432. To be able to purfue the thread of the narrative of Colonel 
 Collins's negotiations at the court of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, it is here 
 neceffary to difclofe the information which his excellency the Go- 
 vernor-general had received on the 17th June from the receiver at 
 Illahabad, as well as that which the Governor-general had confequently 
 given to the refident with Dowlut-Row-Scindeah.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA, 145 
 
 433. The refult of this information was, that Dowlut-Row-Scindeah 
 had addrcfled letters to Ghunne-Behaudur and to Hemmut-Behaudur, 
 officers who cxercife the primary authority for his highnefs the 
 Pclfliwah in the province of Bundelcund, whereby he required them 
 to prepare to co-operate with the confederate Mahratta armies to adV 
 hoftilcly againft the Britifli eftabhfhments ; and that Dhurrum-Row, 
 an officer commanding a confiderable body of cavalry, fent by Scindeah 
 in the month of April to Kalpee, a flation fituated on the right bank 
 of the Jumna contiguous to the Britifh eftabliflaments, had received 
 Scindeah's orders to adl in a fimilar manner. 
 
 434. Having received this news on the 18th June, the Governor- 
 general thought proper to order the refident to require of Dowlut- 
 Row-Scindcah the avowal or difavowal of thofe orders; confcquently, 
 in a conference held between the refident and Scindeah on the l6th 
 July, the refident communicated the fubftance of this news to that 
 chief, and urged him to declare whether he had actually given orders of 
 that nature. (Confultations 22d June, No. 163.) 
 
 435. Dowlut-Row-Scindeah aflured the refident, in the moft folemn 
 manner, that he had never given an order of that nature either to the 
 Peiftiwah's officers in Bundelcund or to Dhurrum-Rovv ; and that on 
 the contrary he had particularly ordered the latter chief to refpedl the 
 Britifh territories. (Confultations II th Auguft, No. 57.) 
 
 430. The amicable language and condu(5l which Dowlut-Row- 
 Scindeah fliewed, in this interview, induced the refident again to recur 
 to the return of Scindeah into Indoftan ; on which Scindeah's prime 
 minifler replied, that as foon as Scindeah and the rajah of Berar re- 
 ceived favourable anfwers to the letters they had addrefTed to the Go- 
 vernor-general, thofe chiefs would return to their refpe^live countries ; 
 and at the clofc of the co;\ference this minifter explicitly" avowed that 
 
 T ^
 
 U4f HISTORY OF THE TRANSACflOXS OF 
 
 the treaty of Baffeln, far from containing ftipulations prejudicial to 
 the general intereft of the feudatory Mahrattas, gave them more fe- 
 curity, and this avowal was likewife confirmed by Dowlut-Row-Scirv 
 deah. Thefe declarations appeared to the Governor-general to afford 
 more fatisfaftory proofs that Scindeah and the rajah of Berar had not, 
 to that time, manifefted their difpofition to fatisfy the demands of the 
 Britidi sovernment. 
 
 The Governor- general befides, was juftified in believing, that, in 
 the apparent difpofition which thofe chiefs had then manifefted, 
 the firm and amicable reprefentations and the declarations which 
 Major-general Wcllefley (in a letter written to the refi^dent, dated 
 18ta July, on the receipt of the inftruclions of the Governor-general, 
 dated 20th June) had fent to the refident to be communicated to 
 Dov\lut-Row-Scindeah, and the Berar rajah, and of which a copy 
 reached the Governor-general on the gth Auguft, from the refident at 
 Poonah, and the fubftance of which is related in the 451 ft paragraph 
 of this difpatch, would engage thofe chiefs to acquiefce in the juft and 
 moderate demands of the Britilh government. In this ftate of affairs 
 the Governor-general thought it advifeable to fend inftruftions to his 
 excellency the commander in chief, adapted to the line which the 
 operations of the commander in chief flaould take in the eventual al- 
 ternative of peace or war. (Confultations 11th Auguft, No. 5Q.) 
 
 437. The Governor- general confequently addrefsed inftrudlions to 
 the commander in chief, dated lOth Auguft, authorifing him to fuf- 
 pend the commencement of hoftilities until his excellency had received 
 advice, either from the Governor-general or fome perfon inveftcd with 
 public authority in the Dckican, until hoftilities had aiftually com- 
 menced in that part, or until he had been informed of Major-general 
 Wellefley's determination to commence hoftilities as foon as pofsible. 
 The Governor-general, neverthelefs, authorifed the commander in 
 chief to begin to a6l hoftilcly, if that ftiould appear to him necefsary,
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN IMDIA. 145 
 
 whether for taking advantage of circumftances, or of the pofi- 
 tion which the army under his excellency's orders might oc- 
 cupy, whether for preventing the array of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, 
 or that of M. Perron, from taking meafures of whatever nature they 
 might be^ tending to embarrafs his excellency's eventual operations, 
 or contributing to the fuccefs of the armies employed againft the Bri- ■ 
 tifli troops in cafe of war. 
 
 438. The application of thefc Inftrudions to the circumflanccs 
 which might ultimately arife, formed the fubjetfl: of a later difpatch 
 addreffed to the commander in chief, dated 1 1 th Auguft. For the 
 details contained therein, as well as for the preceding inllrudions of 
 tlie Governor-general, dated 10th fame month, we have the honor to 
 refer your honorable committee to the packets of the 2nd May, 1804, 
 No. 13. 
 
 HYDERABAD. 
 
 439. To follow the order of facSs, the Governor-general finds it 
 convenient to reiume the operations of the refident at Hyderabad, and 
 the affairs treated of at that court. 
 
 440. The Governor-general has already reported to your honorable 
 Committee, in general terms, the progrefs of the affairs treated of at 
 that court, in conjundtion with thofe of the Mahratta empire, to 
 the middle of May. In the interval between this time and the date 
 of the above-mentioned inftriidlions, few events of any importance 
 occurred at Hyderabad. The refident's attention was principally 
 turned on arrangements to be made with the court of Hyderabad, on 
 the fubjed of fupplies of grain for the auxiliary force under the orders 
 of Lieutenant- colonel Stevenfon, (Conference 22nd June, aad2l{l 
 July.)
 
 1-16 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 411. On the 29th May, his highnefs the Nizam fignified his con- 
 fent to receive a regiment of Europeans inftead of the two battalions 
 of native infantry, which the Britifh government had engaged to fur- 
 nifh, to augment the force of the auxiliary corps. Mention has 
 already been made, in the 1 lOth paragraph of the prefent difpatch, of 
 the meafures adopted on the fubjedl of that arrangement, 
 
 442. The refident's report of the dangerous ftate of the Nizam's 
 health, demanded, that the refident fliould be furnifhedwith inftruc- 
 tions to regulate his condudl in cafe of the deceafe of his highnefs the 
 Nizam. The refident was confequently authorifed, in cafe of necef- 
 fity, to addrefs himfelf to Lieutenant-general Stuart, to Major-general 
 Wellefley, or to Lieutenant- colonel Stevenfon, to obtain the afsifl- 
 ance of a military force. The necefsary inftrudlions were, in like 
 manner, tranfmitted to thofe_^ officers, to afford the aid which the 
 refident might demand. 
 
 443. The refident's difpatches comprifed in all the numbers and 
 confultationsof 2lfl July, 55. <pth May, 282. 22nd June, 120. 2lfl 
 July, 30, contain a detail of the negotiations entered upon by the 
 court of Hyderabad, with the view of detaching, from the fervice of 
 Jefwunt-Row-Holkar, Ameer-Khan, a chief mentioned in the 12 7th 
 and other paragraphs of this difpatch, who commanded an irregular 
 army, amounting to 40,000 men, and who Ihowed himfelf difpofed 
 to enter into the fervice of his highnefs the Nizam. 
 
 444. The Governor-general was entirely of the opinion which the 
 honorable Major-general Wellefley had exprefsed, in his letters to the 
 refident at Hyderabad, (copies of which will be found mentioned in the 
 difpatches to which the preceding paragraph refers) relative to the pro- 
 portions of Ameer-Khan, under certain modifications ; and accord- 
 ing to the inflrudions addrefsed to the refident at Hyderabad on this
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. U7 
 
 fubjc£l 27th July : (of which mention has been made in the conful- 
 tations 11th Auguft, No. 3:) neverthelefs, this negotiation was not 
 fucccfsful. 
 
 445. The obligations of the Nabob of Kumool, towards his high- 
 nefs the Nizam, in his quality of feudatory, having been transferred 
 to the honorable Company, by the treaty concluded at Hyderabad, in 
 Odtober 1 300, the Governor thought it right, by reafon of the pro- 
 bability of a war with the confederate Mahratta chiefs, to require the 
 Nabob of Kumool to fulfil his obligations to the Britifh government, 
 by furnifliing a certain number of troops, to co-operate with the Bri- 
 tifh army in cafe of war. The inftruftion of the Governor-general 
 to the refident at Hyderabad, whereby he is ordered to fend this re- 
 quifitlon to the nabob of Kumool, is agreeable to thofe mentioned in 
 the preceding paragraph. 
 
 446. In confequence of the information received by the reiident at 
 Hyderabad, from Lieutenant-colonel Stevenfon, commanding the aux- 
 iliary forces, with his highnefs the Nizam, which implied, that no re- 
 liance could be placed on the officers of his highnefs for provifioning 
 the Britifh armies, the refident addrefsed himfelf to the court of Hy- 
 derabad, for the purpofe of obtaining full powers for the honorable 
 Major-general Wellefiey, which would give him authority to make 
 ufe of the refources which his highnefs's weftern provinces might 
 offer for the public fervice. 
 
 447. The Governor General judging that thefe were very fuitable 
 meafures (Confultations llth Auguft, No. 13) communicated his 
 inftrudions to the refident, dated l2th Auguft, of which mention is- 
 made in the Confultations 25th Auguft, No. 4.
 
 MJ HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 ARMY OF OBSERVATION. 
 
 4-48. The Governor General conceives it neceflary in this place to 
 refume the operations of the army comnaanded by Lieutenant-general 
 Stuart in perfon. 
 
 449. This army continued to occupy the pofition which it had 
 taken at Moodgul (as has been faid in the 133d paragraph of this dif- 
 patch) until about the end of June, at which period new circumftan- 
 ces (Confultations 21 ft July, No. 24 to 26) in addition to the arrival 
 of a French fquadron, upon the coaft of Coromandel, induced lord 
 Clive to order the return of the army to the fouth of the Toombuddra. 
 (Confultation 11th Augufb, No. 94, g5.) General Stuart confequently 
 repaired that river in the middle of the month of July. The fud- 
 den departure, however, of the French army from Pondicherry, ap- 
 pearing, to lord Clive, to render lefs neccffary the return of the main 
 army, and the afpedl of affairs, in the Mahratta empire, adding, on 
 the other hand, to the neceffity of reinforcing the divifion under 
 Major-general Wellefley, (Confultations 29th December, No. 151, 
 15 3, 154) Lord Clive, adverting to the principal end which had led 
 him to adopt the meafurc of having an army between the Toombud- 
 dra and the Kiftna, wrote on the 28th July to Lieutenant-general 
 Stuart, and enjoined him to detach two battalions to ftrengthen 
 Major-general Wellefley, and to flation an adequate force upon the 
 frontiers, for the above-mentioned purpofc. Lord Clive, at the fame 
 time, ordered General Stuart to return with the reft of his troops into 
 the Carnatic. Thefc inftrudions were executed by Lieutenant-general 
 Stuart, who gave to Major-general Campbell, the officer left in com- 
 mand of the troops on the frontiers, proper inftruftions, for the regu- 
 lation of his conduct in that command. General Campbell, conform- 
 ably to his inftrudions, rcfumed his pofition at Moodgul. The Go-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 149 
 
 vcmor General, convinced of the importance of having a refpeftablc 
 army beyond the frontiers, while the army of Major-general Wellcf- 
 Icy v^'as advancing (Confultations 12th April, No. 80, A.) immedi- 
 ately after having been informed of General Stuart's return acrofs 
 the Tombuddra, iflued an order, dated 30th July, to that of- 
 ficer, to fall back to Moodgul, or to any other ftation pofleffing fiml- 
 lar advantages, in cafe our fouthern efbablifliments fliould be in danger. 
 Thefe inftrudions did not reach General Stuart until the laft difpo- 
 fition of the troops (Confultation 1 2th April, No. 8;) concerted be- 
 tween that officer and Lord Clive, had already been carried into exe- 
 cution. Thofe difpofitions, in every cafe, received the approba- 
 tion of the Governor General. 
 
 MAJOR-GENERAL WELLESLEY. 
 
 450. Agreeably to the orders of the Governor General, communi- 
 cated to Major-general Wellefley, in the difpatch to the refident at 
 Poonah, 30th May, the fubftance of which is related in the 234th 
 paragraph of this letter. Major-general Wellelley addrefled a letter to 
 Scindeah, dated 14th July, wherein, after having laid open the ami- 
 cable object of the treaty of BafTein, and having remarked the hoftilc 
 fpirit of the meafures adopted by the confederate chiefs fincc the con- 
 clufion of that treaty, Major-general Wellefley demanded the feparation 
 of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's army from that of theBcrar rajah, and his 
 retreat, with his troops, to the other fide of the Ncrbudda river. In 
 this letter Major-general Wellefley declared that it was his intention to 
 make the Britifli troops refume their ordinary ftations, as foon as 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah had complied with that requifition. This 
 letter was tranfmitted to the refident with Dovvlut-Row-Scindeah, 
 accompanied by the inftrudlions relative thereto. (Confultation 11th 
 Augull 1SQ3, No. 52, 53, 54). 
 
 U
 
 150 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 451. On the 18th July Major-general Wcllefley received the Go- 
 vernor General's inftrudlions of the 2(3th June, the fubftance of which 
 is givxn in the 275th paragraph. Immediately after receiving that 
 difpatch, Major-general Wellefley addrelTed a letter to the refident with 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, by which he was charged to apprize JDowlut- 
 Row-Scindeah and the rajah of Bcrar, of the power which Major- 
 general Wellefley had been invefted with, by the Governor General's, 
 letter of the 20th June. The refident was equally charged to demand 
 ot tliofe chiefs the feparation and return of their armies into their 
 ufual llations. Colonel Collins was in like manner charged to in- 
 form the confederates, that, in the event of their refufal, his order 
 was to withdraw himfelf from Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's camp the 
 following day. (Confultations 2nd May 1804, No. 305.) 
 
 452. The Governor General here confiders it proper to turn the 
 particular attention of your honorable Committee, to the honorable 
 Major-general Wellefley's letter of the 1 8th July, by which he ac- 
 knowledges the receipt of the inftrudlions of the Governor General, 
 dated 26th and 27th June ; and the more fo as that letter contains 
 an accurate defcription of the prefent flate of the Peifliwah's govern- 
 ment, and difclofes the views and difpofitions of the confederate 
 chiefs. (Confuhations 2nd May 1804, No. 304.) 
 
 DO'WI.UT-ROW-SCINDEAH. 
 
 453. The Governor General here takes up the fequel of the nego- 
 tiations entered upon by Colonel Collins at the court of Dowlut-Row- 
 Scindeah. The refident having received Major-general Wellefley's 
 letter, addrefled to Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, dated l^ith of July, the 
 fubftance of which is in the 450th paragraph, (Confultations 25th 
 Augufl, No. 78 to 8i) imparted that letter to Dowlut-Row-Scindeah,
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 15I 
 
 with a mefTage which fupported the reprefcntations it contaiued. 
 Major-general WcUefley's letter, and the reprcfentations accompanying 
 it,fecmed to produce a favorable impreffion on Dowlut-Row-Scindcah, 
 who immediately fent his primc-mlnifter to the Berar rajah's camp, 
 to confult that chief on the fubje£t. 
 
 454. The refident likewlfe fent his native fecretary to the rajah of 
 Berar, with a melFage fimilar to that which he had fent to Dowlut- 
 Row-Sclndeah. (Confultations 25 th Auguft, No. 82.) 
 
 455. The rajah of Berar fhowed no difpofition to comply with 
 Major-general Wellefley's demand, and referred the queftion for deci. 
 fion to the refult of a conference with Dowlut-Row Scindeah, which 
 adually took place on the 2 1 ft July, and the refident, on the mor- 
 row, addrefled a note to Dowlut-Row- Scindeah, wherein he demand- 
 ed an anfwer to the letter from Major-general Welleflcy. To this 
 note no anfwer was given. 
 
 456. The refident having afterwards received Major-general Wel- 
 lefley's letter of the 18th July, addrefled memorials to Dowlut-Row- 
 Scindeah and the Berar rajah, conceived according to Major-general 
 Wellefley's inftrudions. (Confultations 25th Augufl:, No. 84 to 91.) 
 In anfwer to thefe two memorials, Dowlut-Row-Sclndeah and the 
 rajah of Berar, Informed the refident that the anfwer to Major-general 
 Wellefley's demand ftlll depended on a further conference of thofe chiefs. 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, at the fame time. Invited the refident to a 
 feparate conference for the 25th July, in coniequencc of a previou? 
 demand which the refident had made to obtain that interview. 
 
 457. In that conference the refident repeated to Dovvlut-Row-Scin- 
 deah all the reafons and obfervations contained in Major-eeneral Wel- 
 
 U3
 
 jl;^ HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 lefley's inftrudions, and urged the chief, Dowlut-How-Scindeah, to 
 comply with Major-general Wcllclley's demands. 
 
 458. In anfwer to this demand, the following obfervations were 
 made in behalf of Dowlut-Rovv-Sclndeah, by his prime- miniller : 
 111. The troops of that chief and the rajah of Berar were encamped 
 on their own territories. 2. Thofe chiefs had folemnly promifed not to 
 pafs the Adjuntee defiles, nor to march to Poonah. 3d. They had 
 already given written alTurances to the Governor General, that they 
 would never attempt to overthrow the treaty of Baffein ; aflurances 
 which muft be confidered as unequivocal proofs of their amicable 
 intentions. 
 
 459. In reply to thefe objecftions the refident repeated Major-general 
 Wellefley's declaration, that it was impoflible to place confidence in the 
 promifes and aflurances of the confederate chiefs, fo long as their ar- 
 mies occupied a pofition which was not neceflary to their fecurity, and 
 which menaced the frontiers of our ally the Nizam. The refident 
 afterwards obferved, that if Dowlut-Row-Scindeah thought to derive 
 any advantage founded on the juftice of his prefent pofitions, or if it 
 were neceffary to the defence of his poflefi^ions, to leave his army in 
 that pofition, that every refped: fliould be had to thefe motives of con- 
 venience ; but it was obvious that Dowlut-Row-Scindeah had no 
 enemy on that fide, and that far from deriving any benefit from his 
 adlual pofition, he had to fupport expenfes beyond his means ; that he 
 wascxpofed to the greateft inconveniences in his actual fituation ; and 
 that if he continued to flay there, it could not but be attributed to his 
 hoftile defigns on the Britifli government and its allies. The refident 
 further obferved, that Major-general Wellefley having been furnifhed 
 with full powers in the condu6l of political and military affairs, 
 his letter to Dowlut-Row-Scindeah was equally valid as if it had been
 
 THE BRITLSH GOVKRNMENT IN INDIA. 153 
 
 tranfinltted by the Governor-general. Finally, the rcfident added, 
 that he infifted on an immediate and decifive anfwer to the demands 
 made by Major-general Wellefley. 
 
 4O0. The minifter did not appear prepared to anfvver the preceding 
 obfervations of the rcfident, and wifhed to avoid all further difcuffion 
 on the fubjeft, by promifmg fatisfa6lion, in fomc days, upon what 
 was demanded. The refident replied, that Major-general Wellefley's 
 letter having been delivered five days, there had been fufficient time 
 for deliberation ; and that in this ftatc of affairs the rcfident could not 
 confent to any longer delay on the part of Dowlut-Row-Scindcah. 
 This declaration brought on a long difcufsion between the rcfident 
 and Dowlut-Row-Scindeah ; and that chief and his minifler having 
 finally and folemnly affured the refident of a fatisfa<flory anfwer on the 
 28th July, in the Berar rajah's prefence, (Confultations25th Augufl, 
 No. 94), the refident agreed to wait until the day appointed, for 
 their ultimate decifion. 
 
 40 1. In. confequcnce of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's fialemn promife, 
 made to the refident, to give him a decifive and fatisfadlory anfwer on 
 the 28th July, the refident fent a mefi"age to afk the hour at which. 
 Scindeah would grant him the audience which he had promifcd for 
 that day. 
 
 462. In anfwer to this mefi*age, the refident was informed, that 
 Scindeah and the Berar rajah would hold a conference that fame day ; 
 " that it was not proper for the refident to afsift at this conference, 
 but that he fhould be Informed of the time which fhould be fixed 
 upon to receive him," 
 
 463. The refident replied to thisinfolent meflage, that Dowlut-Row- 
 .Scindeah had diredly violated his promife ; that he, the refident,
 
 154 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 would wait until noon the following day, for a formal anfvver, and 
 that if he did not receive it, he fliould fend his tents off to Aurun- 
 gabad, and himfelf leave Sclndeah's camp the day afterwards, 
 
 46-1. In confequence of this declaration, on the 2Qth July (Conful- 
 tions 25th Auguft, No. 95, 9O) was fixed on for the interview be- 
 tween the refident and Dowlut-Row-Sclndeah. The refident defir- 
 ing to make a laft effort to engage Scindeah to fatisfy the demands of 
 the Brltifh government, confented to ftay his departure, and repair to 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's prefence on the appointed day. 
 
 aOS. The principal fubjeft of this conference confifted in a repeti- 
 tion of former dlfcufsions. The minifter declared that Dowlut-Row- 
 Scindeah muft anew confult the rajah of Berar, before he could give 
 a decifive anfwcr to Major-general Welleflcy's demands, and conclud- 
 ed by intreating the refident to delay fetting off", for two or three days 
 at furtheft. The refident did not conceal from Dowlut-Row-Scindeah 
 (Confultations 25th Auguft, No. 0/) his conviftion that the.' aim of 
 the evafive condud:, on the part of that chief, was merely to gain 
 time for the execution of fome particular defign ; he added, that his 
 orders from Major-general Wellefley were peremptory to quit Dow- 
 lut-Row-Scindeah's camp, as foon as he was convinced of the refolution 
 of thofe chiefs to maintain themfelves in their pofition on the fron- 
 tiers of the Nizam's pofleffions, and that he lliould, confequently, be 
 upon his route for Aurungabad on the 3 ift. 
 
 -I6O. The refident immediately addrefTed a memorial to the rajah of 
 Berar, (Confultations 25th Auguft, No. 98) in which he communi-* 
 catcd to that chief the fubftance of his lafl difcufsions with the court of 
 Dovvlut-Row-Scindeah, and apprlfcd him of his determination to leave 
 Scindcah's camp on the 3 )fl July, unlefs he, before that time, received 
 a latisfadory anfwer to Major-general WcUcflcy's demands.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 155 
 
 467. In the night of the 30th the refident received a note, (Conful- 
 tations 25th Auguft, No. lOo) in which Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, ac- 
 knowledged the receipt of a copy of the refident's memorial, addrelTcd 
 to the Berar rajah, and invited him to join them in the Bcrar 
 rajah's tents, the following day, with the intention of continuing 
 the difcuffion of the affairs in queftion. The rcfidcnt having 
 been prevented by a heavy rain from going there, according to his in- 
 tention, on the 3lft (Confultations 25th Augull, No. (][)) and having 
 received from the rajah of Berar an invitation fimilar to that of 
 Dowlut-Row Scindcah, gave way to their united folicitations, and 
 joined thofc chiefs on the evening of the 3d July, under the Bcrar 
 rajah's tents. (_Confultations 25th Auguft, No. 10].) 
 
 468. In that conference the fame difcufsions which had taken place 
 in the preceding interviews, were renewed, and were alfb followed by 
 feveral fuccefsive propofitions on the part of the chiefs. 
 
 4O9. Their firft proportion was, that the united forces of Dowlut"- 
 Row-Scindcah and the Berar rajah, fhould retire to Bourhampour, 
 and that Major-general Wellcfley fliould withdraw^ with the Britifli 
 troops, into their ordinary ftations : that is to fay, the Britifli army 
 lliould abandon the means it had by its pofition, of making a timely 
 refiftance to every hoftile attempt on the part of the confederate 
 chiefs, whilfl thofe chiefs withdrew their joint armies to a fhort dif- 
 tance from the frontiers of our allies, ready to take advantage of the 
 favorable feafon which was approaching, and of the abfcnce and feat- 
 tercd ftate of the Britifh forces. 
 
 470. This unreafonable proportion having been decidedly rejected 
 by the refident, the confederate chiefs propofed that the refident 
 •fliould fix his own day for the march of the refpedlive armies of thofe 
 chiefs to break up the camp, and that the refident would pledge the
 
 156 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 taith of the Britifli government, that Major-general Wellefley's army 
 fliould retire the fame day on which the confederates commenced their 
 return to their ordinary ftations. The refident anfwered, that he wai 
 not authorised to pledge the faith of the Britifli government to any 
 thing incompatible with the inftrucflions he had received from Major- 
 general Wellcfley. 
 
 4/1. Scindeah and the rajah of Berar offered, finally, to demand 
 Major-general Wellefley, by letter, to fix a day for the retreat of his 
 army, and the march of the confederate armies from their pofition 
 on the frontiers of the Nizam, under the promife that, on the day 
 appointed, they fhould infallibly begin their march. They after- 
 wards declared that they would, in the fame letter to Major-general 
 Wellefley, demand him to fpecify the time in which the forces under 
 his command might reach their ordinary ftations, that the confede- 
 rates might regulate their march fo as to arrive at their ordinary ftations 
 prccifely at the fame time. 
 
 4/2. After fome difcufsion the refident confented to fubmit this 
 laft propofition to Major-general Wellefley's confideration, and to 
 remain in the camp of Dovvlut-Row-Scindeah until the arrival of his 
 anfwer ; on condition, however, that Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's and 
 the Berar rajah's propofed letters to that purpofe, fliould be with the 
 refident, to be fent to their deftination, before noon the day fol- 
 lowing. Notwithftanding the amicable conclufion of this conference, 
 and in direcS violation of the conditions which their propofitions con- 
 tained, the confederate chiefs, in the letter addrcfled to General Wei-, 
 lefley and delivered to the refident, confined their offers merely to con- 
 tinuing to withdraw their united armies into the ftation of Bour- 
 hampour, according to the tenor of the propofition already difcuifed, 
 and finally rejcded by Colonel Collins.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 157 
 
 473. On the receipt of the Berar rajah's letter, written in the terms 
 above-mentioned, the refidcnt immediately made preparations for 
 quitting Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's camp, and began his journey to Au- 
 rungabad on the 3d Auguft. Colonel Collins neceflarily placed the 
 Britifh government in a ftate of war with the confederate chiefs. (Con- 
 fultations 25th Auguft, No. 03.) 
 
 MEASURES ADOPTED IN CASE OF WAR. 
 
 474. The inftruftions of the Governor-general, given before the 
 receipt of Colonel CoUins's difpatches, by which he communicated the 
 laft refult of his negotiations, had provillonally prefcribcd all the mea- 
 fures and arrangements to be adopted to carry on the war with fuccefs, 
 lb that there was nothing more to add to it. The Governor- 
 general, however, thought it neceflary to repeat the conditions offered 
 to the Britifli fubjedts and native inhabitants of the company's efta- 
 blifliments, in the fervice of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah and his allies, 
 which the commander in chief was ordered to promulgate, as is re- 
 ported in the 297th paragraph of this difpatch, by proclamations ema- 
 nating immediately from the fupreme Britifli authority in India. Thefe 
 proclamations were confequently printed and publiflied at Fort Wil- 
 liam, in the Englifli language, and in the language of the country, and 
 were dlftributed to all the public officers, that they might, by their 
 means, reach the parties interefted. (Confultations 8th September, 
 No. 110.) 
 
 475. On the 2Gth September the Governor-general publiflied ano- 
 ther proclamation relative to the a<3:ual exiftence of hoftilities between 
 the Britifh government and the confederate Mahratta chiefs, wherein 
 he likewilc declared that all Britifli fuhjcdls holding commillions or 
 -bearing arms in the fervice of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, or the rajah of 
 
 X
 
 158 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 Berar, or their refpc^i'we allies, during the war between tlie Britifli 
 government and thofe powers, or taking part in any manner whatever 
 in the projeds of thofe powers, or joining them during the war, 
 would be guilty of the crime of high treafon. It was declared further, 
 by this proclamation, that all the Britifli fubjedls who fliould not take 
 advantage of the proclamation of the 29th Auguft, before the ifl: No- 
 vember, Ihould be profecuted as guilty of high treafon. 
 
 47O. Your honourable committee will, doubtlefs, know how to ap- 
 preciate the falutary confequences refulting to the public intereft from 
 the meafures adopted by the Governor General for the purpofe of in- 
 ducing the European officers and regular fepoys to quit the fervice of 
 the Mahratta chiefs, and take advantage of the generous offer of the 
 Britifli government. The greater part of the European officers in the 
 fervice of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah immediately left that chief's army, 
 and were placed, with the exception of a fmall number, under the vi- 
 gilant care of the troops in their refped;ive cantonments. It is certain, 
 that feveral of the officers who quitted Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's fer- 
 vice, and who were 'attached to the interefl:s of their country, would 
 have been forced, for the fake of fubfiflence, to fupport the caufe of 
 our enemies, had they not found a refource in the generofity of the 
 Britifli government and its offers. To this circumftance let us add, 
 that the retirement of the European officers, in a moment fo critical, 
 excited among the Mahratta chiefs, and all the native powers, a general 
 miftruft of the fidelity of all European adventurers ; and it is not pro- 
 bable that any country power will, in future, refolve to employ them 
 for the inflru6lion and difcipline of its army. 
 
 477. In confidering the wretched fituation of the European officers 
 in the Mahratta fervice, who had, in great numbers, been authorifcd 
 to enter it by the Britifli government, and who faw themfelvcs ex- 
 pofed to the alternative of the mofl cruel mifery, or to that of fup-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 1.53 
 
 porting the intercfts of enemies to the Britifh power, it will be obvious 
 to your honourable committee, that the proclamations emanating from 
 the authority of the Governor General were equally juft and politic. 
 The public fcrvice has derived no little advantage from the zeal, adi- 
 vity, and local knowledge of the European officers late in the fervice 
 of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah ; many of whom have been fuccefsfully 
 employed by the commander in chief during the laft campaign in 
 Indoftan. 
 
 478. A great number of fepoys, compofing the regular infantry of 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindcah, had formerly been in the honorable com- 
 pany's fervice, and had entered the fcrvice of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, 
 when a confiderable redudion took place in the honorable company's 
 fnilitary eftablifhments, on the conclufion of the late peace with 
 France. The greater part of the families of thofe fepoys was efla- 
 bliflied on the territories of the honorable company ; and no fooner 
 had it offered to employ them, than they voluntarily abandoned Scin- 
 deah's fervice to return back to that of the company. By this method 
 the commander in chief fucceeded, in a fhort time, not only in weak- 
 ening the moft formidable part of Scindeah's military eftablilhment, 
 but a)fo in procuring an effe£live body of recruits, well difciplined by 
 the officers of the company, and, at the fame time, endeared to its 
 fervice. 
 
 47Q. The Governor General will, hereafter, communicate to your 
 honorable Committee the meafures adopted by government in regard 
 to the European officers who gave up the fcrvice of Dowlut-Row-Scin- 
 dcah, in obedience to the proclamations, in the advantage of which they 
 have a right to participate. 
 
 480. Although your honorable committee may have already re- 
 ceived the communication of great part of the details of the preceding 
 
 X 2
 
 160 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 events in the letters which the Governor General and the Governor 
 General in council has, at different periods, forwarded to your honor- 
 able Committee, the Governor General in council has thought it right 
 to fubmit to your honorable Committee this connected narrative of 
 the official pieces, with the intention of laying before it the moft ample 
 means of forming an opinion on every part of the events or operations 
 of any importance, which have lately placed theBritifli government in 
 a ftate of war with the combined armies of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah and 
 the Berar rajah. 
 
 481. The military operations in Indoftan and the Delikan have, how- 
 ever, been already related in an accurate and connetled manner in the 
 difpatches of the Governor General in council, of the 25th September 
 and Sift Odober, 1803, as well as in the Notes* printed and tranf- 
 mitted to the honorable Court of Diredlors, dated 2-ith December,. 
 1803. 
 
 ■482. On that account the Governor General thinks it fuperfluous 
 to repeat, in this difpatch, the detail of the operations of the army, 
 which took place during the war, and thinks it fufficient to refer your 
 honorable Committee, for the detail of the operations, to the dif- 
 patches of his excellency the commander in chief, and to thofe of 
 Major-general Wellefley, which contain the movements of the army. 
 Thele difpatches are marked under the numbers and confultations of 
 the 2d May, 1804:— 15, 20, 24 to 27, 29, 31, 35, 36, 46, 51, 52, 56, 
 60, 68, 70, 73, 77, 78, 84, 87, 90, 92, 93, 96, 97, 102, 103, 105, 
 107, 108, 110, 111, 119, 120, 121, 123, 125, 129, 130, 135, 141, 
 147, 148, 156, 157, 159, 165, 168,. 169, 174, 175, 180, 186, 190, 
 
 * T/iefe " Noles," prhitfd tiniformly with this work, and co7iiaining 
 Jix military plans of engagements, ivere publ'ifhed by Siockdale, London, 
 1801.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 161 
 
 192, 195, 197, 199, 202, 211, 218, 228, 231, 232, 233, 239, 213, 
 A 243, C 443. E. 
 
 ' 483. The Governor General, however, thinks it his duty to lay be- 
 fore your honorable Committee that part of the operations of his ex- 
 cellency the commander in chief, and of Major-general Wcllcflcy, 
 which is not of military cognizance, and of which no mention has 
 been made, either in the difpatches addrefled to your honorable com- 
 mittee by the government, or in the printed notes mentioned in the 
 preceding paragraphs. (Confultations of the honourable Major- 
 general Wellefley 2d March, 1804, No. 320, 321, 330, 337, 338, 
 347, 349, 355, 363, 360, 366 A, 368, 371, 380, 387, 389,392.) 
 
 48/1. The Governor General liicewife thinks it right to obferve to your 
 honorable Committee, that the detailed difcuilion of the jufticc and 
 neceffity of the war in which the Britifh government has been engaged 
 againft the Mahratta power, (dlfcuflion inclofed in our difpatch to 
 your honorable Committee, dated 25th September) and the expla^ 
 nation which that letter contains of the fentiments of the Governor 
 General in council, relative to the fubftance and details of the nego- 
 tiation of Colonel Collins at the court of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, 
 joined to the account of the affairs which are adlually under the eye of 
 your honourable Company, render ufelefs every further obfervation on 
 thofe different articles* 
 
 485. For the convenience of reference, the paragraphs of our dif- 
 patch, addrefled to your honourable committee, containing a difcuflion 
 on the fubjedlof the juftice and neceffity of the war, are numbered in 
 the margin. We have likewife the honour to refer your honourable 
 Committee to the notes tranfmitted to the honourable Court dated 
 2-lth December, 1803, wherein your Committee will clearly fee the
 
 162 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 principal fads which have conduced to the ceflation of all the relations 
 of amity between the Britifh government and the confederate chiefs. 
 (Page 22, and following " Notes" printed in 4to. by Stockdale.) 
 
 NEGOTIATIONS IN INDOSTAN. 
 
 480. Conformably to the intentions explained in the 483d para- 
 graph, the Governor General has the honor to communicate to your 
 honorable Committee the continuance of the negotiations diredled by 
 his excellency the commander in chief, and the happy fuccefs of the 
 political arrangements prefcribed by the inftrudions of the Governor 
 General, fent to his excellency, bearing date 27th July, and by the 
 fubfequent difpatches of the Governor General to the commander 
 in chief. 
 
 MR. PERRON. 
 
 487. The firft attention of the commander in chief having been 
 direded, conformably to thofe inftrudions, towards the negotiations to 
 be opened with Mr. Perron, the Governor General will, at firft, com- 
 municate to your honourable Committee the commencement, pro- 
 grefs, and refult of the correfpondence which the commander in chief 
 had with that officer, as well as all the circumftances relating to Mr. 
 Perron's fubmiffion to the Britifh power. 
 
 A88. It is proper to Inform your honourable Committee that Mr. 
 Perron, fome time before the opening of the campaign, had addrefled 
 himfelfto the Britifh government to obtain permiffion to enter the 
 Britifh territories, with the view of executing his intention of with- 
 drawing himfelf from Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's fcryicc. This rcquefl
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 163 
 
 was immediately granted by the Governor-general, in a private letter 
 addrefled to the commander in chief, who had, likewifc, tranfraitted 
 his requeft by the fame channel. Pofterior events prevented Mr. 
 Perron from profiting by that permiffion. 
 
 489. On the 20th Auguft (confultations 2d May, No. -14) the 
 commander in chief received a letter from Mr. Perron, wherein he cx- 
 prefled his furprife to fee the Britilh army advancing, and demanded 
 to be informed whether the Britifh government was at war with 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindcah. The contents of that letter appeared to in- 
 dicate, on Mr. Perron's fide, the intention of bringing about fome 
 accommodation, which might prevent an encounter between theBritifli 
 forces and thofe under Mr. Perron's orders. The commander in chief 
 anfwered Mr. Perron by explaining, in a general way, the caufe of the 
 approach of his army, and begging him to fend a confidential officer 
 with whom his excellency might explain himfelf on the fubjeft of Mr. 
 Perron's letter. The commander in chief flattered himfelf that Mr. 
 Perron would accede to the propofals which his excellency was autho- 
 rifed to make him, agreeably to the inflrudions of the Governor- 
 general, as has beei> ftated in the 320th paragraph of this difpatch. 
 
 490. On the 27th Auguft the commander in chief received another 
 letter from Mr. Perron, expreffing his earneft defire to find fome con- 
 venient means of avoiding the war, but neverthelefs declining the pro- 
 pofition offending an officer into the camp of ihe commander in chief, 
 (confultations 2d May, 48, 50,) under the pretence that fuch a ftep 
 would excite the jealoufy of the court of Scindeah. Mr. Perron, how- 
 ever, required a confidential officer to be fent to confer with him. 
 The commander in chief did not think it proper to comply with this 
 demand. His excellency, in his letter to Mr. Perron, explained to him 
 in general terms, that the aim of the conference which he defired 
 with Mr. Perron had no reference to the public affairs of the Britifb.
 
 16* HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 government and Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, but to the private Interefts of 
 Mr. Perron, and to the means of executing, with eafe and fafety, his 
 defign of withdrawing from Scindeah's fervlce. His excellency re- 
 peated, that he was ready to receive an officer from Mr. Perron, but at 
 the lame time apprifed him, that it was not his excellency's intention to 
 renew his correfpondence with Mr. Perron, unlefs be was willing to 
 profit by the permlffion which had been granted, of fending an officer 
 to the Britifh camp ; and that the fituation of the Britifli army, with 
 regard to that of Mr. Perron, was fuch as to require immediate decilion 
 on the part of Mr. Perron. 
 
 491. Mr. Perron, in a letter in anfvver to that from his excellency, 
 (confultation 2d May, No. 56 to Sq) the fubftance of which is related 
 in the preceding paragraph, declared, that it was his intention to ftay 
 in Scindeah's fervice during the prefent crifis, and that it was impoffible 
 for him to retire until his fuccefTor was appointed. He alfo added, 
 that he would fend his aid-de-camp, Mr. Blckett, to the Britifh 
 camp, to have a further explanation. The fending off this letter was 
 delayed for feveral hours, in the hope of inducing the commander in 
 chief, then "polled a day's march from Mr. Perron's pofition at Coel, to 
 defer his attack until another day. 
 
 492-. Although the commander in chief was fcnfible that Mr. Bic- 
 kett's million was futile, attcr the explicit declaration of Mr. Perron not 
 to quit Scindeah's fervice, his excellency, notwithflanding, made it 
 known to Mr. Perron, that he was ready to receive Mr. Bickett, who 
 confequently appeared before the commander in chief on the morning 
 of the 29th Augufl, whilft the army was on its march towards Mr. 
 Perron's camp at Coel, in the Doab. Mr. Bickett repeated the deter- 
 mination which Mr. Perron had made, not to quit the Mahratta fer- 
 vice, until he fliould be relieved by his fuccefTor. The commander 
 in chief acquainted Mr. Bickett with the conditions on which Mr-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. igs 
 
 Perron might avoid hoftilitics, with advantage to his intcrcfts. After 
 a vague converfation on Mr, Bickett's fide he went away. 
 
 493. The defeat of Mr. Perron's armv at Coel, and his precipitate 
 flight, then fufpended all further correfpundence between Mr. Perron 
 and the commander 'a chief. 
 
 494. However, on the Gth September (confultations 2d May, No. 
 57, 59) the commander in chief received a letter from Mr. Perron, by 
 which he renewed his demand for leave to retire to Lucknovv, acrofs 
 the company's territory. The motive alledged by Mr. Perron for this 
 demand was, that he had juft learnt the appointment and approach of 
 his fucceflbr, and the treachery of his European officers. He, at the 
 fame time, requefled permiffion to be efcorted to Lucknow by his 
 body guards, and that he might be furnlfhed with an efcort of Britifh 
 troops. The commander in chief judicioufly granted Mr. Perron 
 permiffion to pafs over the company's territory to Lucknow, and au- 
 thorifcd the efcort of his body guards. The commander in chief re- 
 quired him to begin his march on the fecond day after receiving the 
 permiffion, and to prevent his efcort from committing any pillage. 
 The Governor general, from this moment, coniidered Mr. Perron's 
 defedion as an event extremely favourable to the fuccefs of the Britifh 
 arms, and to the interefls of the Britifli government in India. This 
 event relieved the neighbouring ftates and chiefs from the fear they had 
 of Mr. Perron's power, and encouraged them to manifeft their defire 
 to fliakc off the yoke of the Mahrattas, by uniting their forces to thofe 
 of the Englifh. It contributed alfo to leflen the confidence which the 
 native powers were accuftomed to place in the fidelity of their French 
 officers. Agreeably to the permiffion of the commander in chief Mr. 
 Perron, accompanied by his lecretary Mr. Bickett, and Mr. Fleury- 
 (confultations 10th November, 73) croffed the company's tcrritor/ 
 and arrived at Lucknow on the ifl Odober, 
 
 Y
 
 1G6. HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 495. The Governor- general having been informed of Mr. Perron's 
 requeft for permiffion to repair to Lucknow, judged it neceffary to give 
 fome diredlons to the refident at that city for the regulation of his con- 
 du£l: in regard to Mr. Perron and the individuals who accompanied 
 him. 
 
 4q6, Although Mr. Perron, by the conditions contained in the letter 
 from the commander in chief of Qth September, 1803, had no right 
 but to the prote<5l:ion, merely, of the Britilh government for the fafety 
 of his perfon, property, family, and fuite, the Governor-general, ne- 
 verthelefs, thought it right to order that he fliould be treated, during 
 his refidenceat Lyucknow, with the diftinftion due to the rank he held 
 in the fervice of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, and that the officers who 
 accompanied him fhould be received with the accuftomed marks of 
 civility and attention. 
 
 4Q7. Mr. Bickett being a Britifh fubjeft, and having continued to 
 remain in Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's fervice, after the commencement 
 of hoftilities, the refident had orders to fignify to him that it was ne- 
 ceffary for his fafety to claim the favor of the proclamation by the Go- 
 vernor General, dated lOth September, 1802. (Consultations, lOth 
 oNiovember, No. G6). 
 
 498. The refident was ordered, in his inffruftions, to haften, as 
 much as poffible, the departure of Mr. Perron and his fuite from Luck- 
 now, and to make choice of an officer to accompany Mr. Perron on 
 his route for Calcutta. The refident was likewife ordered to fignify to 
 the principal civil and military officers of the diftrids through which 
 Mr. Pei^ron muft pafs, that it was the intention of the Governor Ge- 
 neral that Mr. Perron and his fuite fhould be treated with fuitable re- 
 fpecfl, and their journey be rendered as eafy as poffible. The refident, 
 befides, had an order to inform Mr. Perron that the. Governor General
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 167 
 
 would confcnt to every arrangement fuitable cither for his return, or 
 for his refidcrlce, under conditions which fhould be regulated, on the 
 •Britifli territories in India. 
 
 4QQ. Mr. Perron's flay at Lucknow having been prolonged beyond 
 the time which appeared to the Governor General to be neccflary, (Con- 
 fultations 2d November, No. iQS,) Colonel Scott had another order to 
 urge his fpeedy departure. 
 
 500. Soon after his arrival at Lucknow, (Confultations 2d Novem- 
 ber, No. 196,) Mr. Perron addreffed a letter to the Governor General 
 (Confultations 10th November, No. 75,) whereby he informed him 
 that, at the time of his having quitted Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's fer- 
 vice, he had left in the hands of a native agent, befides his public pro- 
 perty of great value, a fum of money, amounting to twenty two lacks 
 of rupees, which was his private property ; Mr. Perron added, that he 
 had demanded this money of his agent, who had not fatisfied the de- 
 mand, alledging that it was in the fortrefs of Agra. Mr. Perron foli- 
 cited, from the Governor General, inftrudlions to the Commander in 
 Chief, for the purpofe of compelling the native agent to reftore the pri- 
 vate property which he detained, and to fecure to Mr. Perron all the 
 property belonging to him which might be found at Agra or elfewhere. 
 Mr. Perron founded his pretenfions to the interference of the Brltifti 
 government for the prefervation of his property, upon the permiffion 
 which he had received from the commander in chief, under the au- 
 thority of the Governor General, to retire to the Company's territory 
 with his family, the officers of his retinue, and his property. 
 
 501. The Governor General thought it right to fufpend his anfwer 
 to Mr. Perron's letter until he had received the report of the corrimander 
 in chief on the fubject, together with copies of the conefpondencc 
 which had taken place betw^n the commander lu chief and Mr. Per- 
 
 V 2
 
 168 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 ron (Confultations 2d May, No. 151, 152,) before and after the arri- 
 val of the latter on the Company's territories. The fubftance of this 
 correfpondence has been reported to your honourable committee in the 
 preceding paragraphs. 
 
 502. The permiffion granted to Mr Perron (Confultations 2d No- 
 vember, No. 197}) to return to the Company's territories with his fa- 
 mily, the officers of his fuite, his property and effects, in the opinion of 
 the Governor General, impofcd no other obligation on the Brltlfh go- 
 vernment, with regard to Mr. Perron's private property, than that of 
 protecting all that he might bring with him upon the Company's ter- 
 ritories ; and gave him no right to claim the interpofitlon of the Britifla 
 government for the prote6lion of any property whatever which he 
 might have left in an enemy's country.. 
 
 503. Mr. Perron had been affured that he Ihould continue to expe- 
 rience the protection of the Britlfh government for the fafety of all his 
 property, depofited or carried into the limits of the Company's terri- 
 tories, fuch as they were eftabliflied before, the war with the confe- 
 derate Mahratta chiefs ; but it was at the fame time notified to him, 
 that the Governor General could not confider the Brltifh government 
 refponfible for any pioperty that Mr. Perron might have left on the 
 territory of the powers at war with the Britlfh government. For 
 thefe reafons the Governor General refuted to comply with Mr. Per- 
 ron's demand. 
 
 504. The arrangement made by the Governor General, on the 
 fubje£l of the diftribution of the money found in the fortrefs of Agra, 
 will be communicated by the militaiy department ; the Governor 
 General, however, here thinks It proper to folicit the due attention 
 of your honourable committee to the difpatchcs of the commander ia^ 
 chief, dated zzd O6lobei by which it appears, that the money de-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERMMENT IN INDIA. I69 
 
 pofitcd at Agra, was confidered by Mr. Heflingue, who commanded 
 the fort at the commencement of the war, and by all the European 
 officers in garrifon at that place, as public property ; part of which 
 has in fa£t been dilburfed for the payment of the troops, (zd March, 
 No. i6i — 163)' 
 
 505. Mr. f*erron, in company with Meflleurs Bickett and Fleury, 
 fet out from Lucknovv to the prefidency, 8th November, accompa- 
 nied by an European officer. He has lince reljded in the neighbour- 
 hood of the French eftabliffiment of Chandernagor. (Confultations, 
 9th December, No. £Z). 
 
 BHURRUTPORE. 
 
 506. The Governor General next communicates to your honour- 
 able committee the operations of the commander in chief, relative 
 to the conclufion of the defenfive treaties with which he was 
 charged, with the chiefs of Indoftan. 
 
 507. The firfl: chief who took advantage of the Britiffi alliance was 
 the Rajah of Bhurrutpore, one of the principal chiefs of the tribe of 
 Jats, who poflTcfires a confiderable territory, and fome flrong places in 
 the vicinity of Agra and Muttra, on the fouth-weft bank of the 
 Jumna. 
 
 508. Your honourable committee has been informed, in our dif- 
 patch dated 31 ft Auguft, 1803, that his excellency the commander 
 in chief had concluded a treaty of defence and guaranty with that 
 chief, dated 9th October, 1803 ; and a copy of this treaty approved 
 and ratified by the Governor General, was joined to that difpatch. It 
 is confequently fufficient, on this occafion, to refer your honourable
 
 170 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 committee to the copy of the treaty and other papers. (Confultatlons, 
 2d March, No. 139, 140). 
 
 509. The Rajah of Bhurrutpore fent a body of cavalry to join the 
 army of the commander in chief, immediately after the conclufioa 
 of the treaty. 
 
 MACHERRY. 
 
 510. On the 14th November a treaty of alliance was concluded by 
 the commander in chief with the rajah of Macherry, or the Ram- 
 Rajah, whole poffeflions are bounded on the fouth and weft by the 
 territory of the rajah of Jynagour, and on the eaft by that of the 
 Rajah of Bhurrutpore. The local fituation and refources of the Ma- 
 cherry territory, put the rajah of this country in a ftate to impede or 
 repel every future incurfion of the Mahrattas in the northern parts 
 of Indoftan. It was, in confequence, extremely beneficial to enter 
 into a connexion with this petty ftate ; and the conditions of the 
 treaty concluded by the commander in chief, with this chief, appear- 
 ing to the Governor General very judicious, and agreeably to the ge- 
 neral principles laid down by his excellency in his inftru£lions, the 
 treaty was ratified by the Governor General. The copy of this treaty, 
 and the correfpondence relative thereto, are mentioned in our minutes. 
 (2d March, No. 177 — 179)- 
 
 RAJAHPOOTS. 
 
 5x1. The Governor-general attached particular importance to the 
 formation of an alliance with the rajahs of Jynegur and Jadopoor, 
 and with the ranah of Gohud. The local fituation of the territories 
 of Jynegur, Jadopoor, and Gohud, which are placed between the
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 171 
 
 northern provinces of Indoftan and the Mahratta poffeffions in the 
 Malvva, Berar, and adjacent provinces, rendered an alliance with this 
 chief very important, in as much as it has accomplifhed the principal 
 aim of the fyftem propofed, viz. the exclufion of the Mahratta power 
 from the northern part of Indoftan, 
 
 512. The chiefs of Jynagur and Jadopoor, had long oppofed a 
 vigorous refiftance to all the irruptions of the Mahrattas ; but they 
 were in the end conftrained to give way to the fuperior force of 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah. At the epoch of the commencement of the 
 lafi: war, befidcs the regular tribute which thofe chiefs had agreed 
 to pay, they were loaded with frequent exadioii, and their territories 
 were laid wafte by the inroad of the armies of Scindeah and Jefwunt- 
 Row-Holkar. Thefe ftates, neverthelefs, pofTeffed confiderable in- 
 ternal refources, which might reafonably be thought fufceptible of 
 enabling them, fo foon as they were delivered from the oppreffive 
 yoke of the Mahrattas, and fupported by the power of the Britiflj 
 government, to become ufeful allies, either for purfuing the war, or 
 for the future exclufion of the Mahrattas from the northern provinces 
 of Indoflan. 
 
 513. The fubftance of the letter which the Governor General had 
 addreffed to the rajah of Jynegur and Jadopoor, for the purpofe of 
 afTuring us of their co-operation in the ftruggle which we were in 
 expectation of, and to lay the foundation of a definitive treaty of 
 alliance with thofe ftates, has been already reported to your honour- 
 able committee. 
 
 514. During a confiderable time, the fear of the Mahratta arms, 
 the denth of the rajah of Jynegur, which happened ift Augufl:, 
 1803, and the diffentions which followed at that court, prevented 
 the flate of Jynegur from entering into the negotiation with fm-
 
 17 2 HISTORY OP THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 cerity and decifion. The fame caufes had prevented the court of 
 Jadopoor (whofe rajah likewife died in Oftober, 1803), from con- 
 cludino- a treaty with the Britifh government, (Conference, zd 
 March, No, 130, 136, 137, 138, 173, 185 ; 3d March, 63 to 66). 
 
 515. However, immediately after the glorious and decifive victory 
 of Lafwaree, the rajah of Jynegur fent vakeels to the camp of the 
 commander in chief, furnifhed with full powers for negotiating and 
 concluding a treaty of defenfive alliance, (2d March, No, 175), 
 
 516. Thefe vakeels reached the Britifli camp on the 25th No- 
 vember, and a treaty of defenfive alliance between the Britilh govern- 
 ment and the rajah of Jynegur, was concluded 12th December, 
 1803. (Conference, 2d March, No, 185, 208, 209). 
 
 517. The example of the rajah of Jynegur was foon followed by 
 the rajah of Jadopoor, whofe views and interefts are indifpenfably 
 conneded with thole of the ftate of Jynegur ; and a treaty was 
 concluded 22d December, 1803, with the vakeel of the rajah of 
 Jadopoor, on the fame conditions as thofe of the treaty of Jynegur. 
 (Confultations, 2d March, No. 215,216). 
 
 518. The intentions of the Governor General from the com- 
 mencement was to give additional fecurity to the frontiers of the 
 territories of Jynegur and Jadopoor, by the introdudion into thofe 
 countries of the Britifh auxiliary forces. This mcafure was not, 
 ncverthclcfs, confidered by the Governor General as a Jjjie qua no7i ; 
 and as thofe chiefs fcemcd to m.ike important objcdipns to it, the 
 commander in chief gave up the point. The governor entirely ap- 
 proved of the motives which had influenced the determination of the 
 commander in chief on this occafion. The treaties being conformable 
 in all points to the fpirit of the inftrudions of the Governor General,
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 173 
 
 were duly ratified by the Governor General in council. (Conful- 
 tation 3rd March, No. 2. 2nd March, No, 21 7.) 
 
 519. Vakeels were received in the Britifh camp on behalf of the 
 Ranah of Oudypore, one of the principal Rajahpoots chiefs, and from 
 the Rajah of Kotah, who poflcfTcd a territory fouth of Jynapour. 
 (Confultations 2nd March, No. 215.) 
 
 The firft of thcfe dared not declare his defirc of contradins an 
 alliance with the Britifli government, on account of his vicinage to 
 Jefwunt-Row-Holkar, who was with a large body ravaging the ter- 
 ritories of the Ranah. The commander in chief not beinc fure 
 
 o 
 
 •whether engagements contraded with thefe chiefs would accord with 
 the views of the Governor-general, fubmitted the qucftion for our 
 opinion. (Confultations 2nd March, No. 1 IQ.) 
 
 The Governor-general being of opinion that if thcfe chiefs were 
 not included in the general alliance, the extent of the authority of 
 •Scindeah, of Holkar, or of Ambajee over them, might in the end 
 ■weaken cur barrier in that quarter, ordered the commander in chief 
 to conclude, with the Ranah of Oudypore and the Rajah of Kotah, 
 engagements fimilar to thofe which he had formed with the northern 
 Rajahpoots chiefs. However, the peace with Scindeah, made before 
 the conclufion of the treaty with thefe chiefs, has fufpendcd the 
 negotiation. 
 
 520. The Governor-general, Ijy reafon of the change of circum- 
 ■ftances which has jud taken place, thinks he needs have to fear for 
 our intererts, no prejudice on account of the projcd-cd alliance with 
 thofe chiefs not having been carried into execution. The danger 
 which the extent of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah's power would caufc 
 ^las been removed, if not wholly, at leaft in a very great degree, bv 
 the conclufion, with the latter, of a treaty of defenfive alliance, which 
 
 z
 
 nt HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 prefents an important obftacle to the aggrandizement of Jefwunt-Row- 
 Holkar, and of ever}' other chief or flate in that part of India. 
 
 RANAH OF GOHUD. 
 
 521. Conformably to the inftruftions of the Governor-general, 
 addiefled to Mr. Mercer, the fubfi:ance of which is reported in the 
 332nd paragraph of this difpatch ; Mr. Mercer immediately on his 
 arrival at Ilhihabad, opened a correfpondence with the Ranah of 
 Gohud, under the immediate direction of the commander in chief, 
 for the co-operation of that chief with the Britifh troops, to drive the 
 Mahratta troops out of the province of Gohud. The Ranah of 
 Gohud agreed, without delay, to the propofal of the Britifh govern- 
 ment, and having raifed a body of troops, by means of a fum of 
 money, which the commander in chief was authorifed to advance with 
 that view, he was aftively and fuccefsfully employed during tha 
 whole war in combatting the enemy's troops, and did the duty of a 
 faithful ally oftheBritifli government. 
 
 522. The country of Gohud having been placed entirely at the 
 difpofal of the Britifh government by the treaty with rajah Ambajec, 
 (of which a detail w ill be given to your honourable committee in the 
 following part of this difpatch) a treaty was concluded 29th January, 
 ] 80-}, between the Britiili government and the Ranah of Gohud, 
 whereby the Britifh government guaranteed to the Ranah the inde- 
 pendent poirefTion of the countries which have been afligned to him ; 
 and the Ranah agreed to keep up, under the name of auxiliaries, three 
 battalions of the native infantry of Britiih troops, and to pay an 
 annual fubfidy of nine lacs of rupees. The fo»t and town of 
 Gvvallor, were, by this treaty, ceded to the Britifli government ir.
 
 THE BRIl'ISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. i:r, 
 
 perpetuity. The remaining ftipulations of the treaty are finiilar to 
 thofe contained in the treaties conduced with the Jats and Rajah - 
 poots chiefs. 
 
 523. A copy of this treaty, fo extremely favourable to the intcrefls 
 of the Brltifh government, as well as to thofe of the Ranah of 
 Gohud, is regiftercd in the Confultations 2nd March, No. 23-i, 
 
 AMBAJEE. 
 
 52 1. The Governor-general novir propofes to lay before your ho- 
 nourable committee, the negotiations with rajah Ambajee-IngUa, 
 which brought on the conclufion of the treaty with that chief, to 
 which the 522nd paragraph of this refers. 
 
 • 52.'">. A confiderable portion of the territories of Sclndeah in 
 Indoftan, including the ancient poiTeffions of the Ranah of Gohud, 
 has been put under the exclufive dominion of Ambajee. 
 
 526. In the month of Odober, 1803, the government Perfian 
 fecretary was Informed, by a channel entitled to credit, of the views 
 and intentions of Ambajee, In the acflual flatc of affairs between the 
 Brltifli government and Dowlut-Row-Sclndeah. Thefc advices im- 
 ported that Ambajee had made a dlrecfl propofal to fliake off his 
 fidelity to Sclndeah, put hlmfelf under the protedtion of the Brltlfli 
 government, and become tributary to this government upon certain 
 conditions. 
 
 527. A note relative to this intelligence (Confultations 2nd March, 
 No. 34. 34 B.) with the inftruilions of the Governor-general on the 
 fubjedl of a treaty with Ambajee, was tranfmltted to his excellency 
 
 7 '^
 
 1^6 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OV 
 
 the commander in chief, who had received, by the way of an agent 
 of Ambajee, propofitions of the fame nature. Some accredited 
 vakeels arrived at the camp of the commander in chief at the end of 
 Odober. 
 
 528. Your honourable c6mmittee will obferve that Ambajee's pro- 
 pofal to become tributary to the Britifli government for all the 
 country under his dominion, was incompatible with the inflrudlions 
 of the Governor-general, in regard to the Ranah of Gohud, whofe 
 pofTeffions, at leaft thofe which he had inherited from his anceflors, 
 were included in the dillridls under the dominion of Ambajee. The 
 Governor-general, therefore, propofed (Confultations 2nd March) to 
 compenfate Ambajee's lofs of the portion of territory under his do- 
 minion, which the Governor-general intended to affign to the Ranah 
 of Gohud, by guaranteeing to Ambajee the independent poffeflion of 
 the reft of his territories, and by admitting him to the advantages of 
 an alliance, founded on the fame principles as the engagements to be 
 concluded with the Rajahpoots and Jats ftates. 
 
 529. According to this plan (Confultations 3rd March, No. 101, 
 104) the commander in chief opened a negotiation with Ambajee^ 
 on the principles above mentioned ; and after confiderable delay and 
 fyftematic evafions on the part of Ambajee, a treaty was concluded by 
 the commander in chief with that chieftain, lOth December, 1803, 
 (Confultations 2nd March, No. 213, 214) by virtue of which all the 
 territory in his poffeffion, fituated northward of Gwalior, including 
 the fort, was ceded to the Britifli government, which, on its fide, 
 guaranteed to Ambajee the independent pofllfTion of all the remain- 
 ing territory which had been under his dominion. 
 
 5 30. For the detail of this treaty (Confultations 2nd March, 2 17) 
 entirely approved and ratified by the Governor-general, and of the
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 177 
 
 explanatory letter of his excellency the commander in chief, the 
 Governor general refers your honourable committee to the copies of 
 thofe papers mentioned in our regiftcr of the 2nd March. 
 
 531. Immediately after the conclufion of the treaty with Ambajec 
 (Confultations 2nd March, 213) the commander in chief detached 
 a corps under Lieutenant-colonel White, to take pofTcilion of Gwalior, 
 according to the orders which were given in confequencc, on the 
 part of Ambajee. 
 
 5 32. With the defign of enforcing the flri^l execution of the 
 ftipulations of the treaty on the part of Ambajee, and to determine 
 the arrangements with regard to the Ranah of Gohud, Mr. Mercer 
 was ordered by the commander in chief to accompany the detach- 
 ment to Gwalior. 
 
 533. Neverthelefs the Governor- general was, in the fequel, in- 
 formed by private advices from Mr. Mercer, that the commandant 
 of the fortrefs of Gwalior had refufed to give it up, conformably to the 
 treaty of alliance concluded between the Britifh government and the 
 rajah Ambajee. The Governor- general, therefore, judged it necef- 
 iary to fend, immediately, inftrucSions to Mr. Mercer, (Confultations 
 3rd March, No. 222) to regulate his couduiSl on that occafion, and 
 prevent a delay which would have occaiioned recourfe to the com- 
 mander in chief. 
 
 5 3 4. It was fo indubitably the intereft of rajah Ambajee to adhere 
 to the faithful execution of his engagements contracted with the 
 Britiih government, that the Governor general was difpofed not to 
 throw, on that chief, the blame of the refufal by the commandant of 
 Gwalior, to give up the fortrefs. The Governor-general, neverthe- 
 lefs, obfcrvcd, that the flipulation inferted in the treaty relative to the
 
 178 HISTORY OP THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 Surrender of Gwalior, fuppoled the power, as well as the will, to operate 
 the fubmiffion of the place to the Englifh government, without its 
 being compelled to employ force ; that in the confidence of an imme- 
 diate and undifputed furrender of the fortrefs of Gwalior, we had 
 acceded to the rtipulations of the treaty in favour of rajah Ambajee, 
 and that, in confequence, unlefs the ftipulations were ftriftly executed, 
 the obligation on the part of the Britifh government to fulfil the 
 treaty, would ccafe. 
 
 535, The Governor- general ordered Mr. Mercer, in cafe the for- 
 tre/s of Gwalior were not furrendered on receipt of this difpatch, to 
 communicate the preceding obfervation to rajah Ambajee, and let 
 him know that on his failure in executing the fundamental article of 
 the engagements concluded with him, thofe engagements would be- 
 come void, and that the Britifh government would be free to adopt 
 fuch meafures as might appear advantageous for the public interefl, 
 without any reference to the conditions of the treaty. 
 
 530, The fame inflrucftions were judged applicable to the cafe of 
 our being compelled to occupy Gwalior by force of arms. 
 
 537. Similar inftrudions were at the fame time given by the 
 Governor-general to the commander in chief. The Governor-general 
 therein expreffed his opinion, that although the alliance concluded with 
 the Rajah Ambajee ought to be diflblvedi that, neverthelefs, fome 
 arrangement fliould be entered into with him, whereby that chief 
 fliould be guaranteed in the independent poflefsion of part of the 
 territory under his dominion. The Governor-general, confequently, 
 authorifed the commander in chief, if it were neceffary, to renew the 
 negotiation with Ambajee on this fubjed, unlefs the commander in 
 chief had any reafon to believe that the condud of the commandant
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 179 
 
 of Gvvallor had been clandeftinely influenced by Ambajee, the Go- 
 vernor-general regarding fuch treachery as a decifive reafon for doing 
 away all confidence in any treaty whatever with Ambajee. 
 
 538. The Governor-general obferved, in the fame inftrudions, 
 that in cafe the engagements lately contracted with Ambajee were 
 diflblvcd, the Britifh government would be juftified in propofing to 
 him conditions lefs favourable than thofe which formed the bafis of 
 the late engagements ; and the Governor-general fuggcftcd to the 
 commander in chief to take advantage of the renewal of a negotiation 
 with Ambajee, to obtain a compenfation for the wrong which the 
 Britifti government had received by the violation of the treaty on the 
 part of Ambajee, or by his want of power to fulfil its ftipulations. 
 The Governor-general, in like manner, fuggefted to the commander 
 in chief the mode of limiting the extent of territory which fhould be 
 guaranteed to Ambajee, by the ftipulations of a new treaty, according 
 as the domains of Dovvlut-Row-Scindeah might be regulated, at the 
 conclufion of peace with that chief. 
 
 539. Upon the refufal of the commandant of Gwalior to furrcnder 
 that fortrefs to the Britifli troops under Lieutenant-colonel White, 
 that officer immediately prepared to take poifefiTion of the city of 
 Gwalior, with the defign of intimidating the garrifon, as well as 
 to prevent all communication between the town and fort. 
 
 5401 The commander in chief having been informed of the refufal 
 the garrifon had made to furrendcr (confultation 2d March, 232), 
 detached a confiderable reinforcement of European and native in- 
 fantry, with fiegc artillery, to join Lieutenant-colonel White, who 
 was, befides, authorifed to call in a reinforcement ferving in 
 Bundelcund. On the jundion of the reinforcements,. Colonel 
 White opened his batteries againft the fort (conference 2d March,
 
 180 . HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 No. 242, A.), and on the -4th February, a breach having been 
 effccled, the garrifon offered to furrender, on condition of receiving 
 a douceur of 50,000 rupees (conference 2d March, No. 242, A, and 
 243, a*). This propofal was rejefted by Mr. Mercer and Colonel 
 White ; but another arrangement was afterwards made, by which 
 the sarrifon fliould receive the value of certain articles and ftores. 
 
 O 
 
 The Britilli troops took pofTeffion of all the gates in the night of the 
 4th, and on the 5th February the fort was evacuated. 
 
 .VI 1. The pofTciTion of this important fortrefs, which commands 
 the entrance to Indoilan on this iide, and defends the frontiers of 
 "Gohud, entirely completed the views of the Governor-general, in 
 refped: to this important branch of the general plan of operations. 
 
 542. On the 1 1th February (conference 3d March, No. 241, 242), 
 Mr. Mercer communicated to Ambajee the fentiments and refolu- 
 tion of the Governor-general, flated in the inftruftlons to which the 
 535th paragraph refers. Ambajee in his anfwer (conference 3d 
 March, No. 2 13), exprefled no furprife at the meafures taken by 
 order of the Governor-general, and Ihowed no dlfpofition to palliate 
 his condud:, or eftabllfli the validity of his engagements contracted 
 with the Britllh government. 
 
 343. Athough neither the Governor-general, nor the commander 
 in chief (conference 2d March, No. 222, 231, 232), had at firft 
 attributed to the treachery of Ambajee the condud: of the com- 
 mandant of Gwal lor (conference 3d March, No. 235), neverthelefs, 
 in the fequcl, circumftances appeared to fubftantiate evident proofs 
 of treachery on Ambajee's part (conference 2d March, No. 25o), 
 and- the\ were confirmed by his condudl, when that chief received in- 
 telligence of the concluflon of the peace with Scindcah (conference 
 3d March, No. 241 to 244).
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 181 
 
 541. Your honorable committee will have obfcrvcd that the com- 
 mander in chief was informed (confultations 3d March, No. 235), 
 by Mr. Mercer, of the conclufion of the peace with Dowlut-Row- 
 Scindeah, before the furrender of Gwalior (confultations 2d March, 
 No. 239), and that the fame news reached the Governor-general 
 before he had any knowledge of the laft event (confultations 2&. 
 March, No. 238, A.). 
 
 545. The Governot-general being invariably of opinion that the 
 rights of the Britifh government, acquired by virtue of the treaties 
 made with Ambajee and the Ranah of Gohud, were acknowledged 
 and confirmed by the gth article of the treaty of peace with Scindeah, 
 and that the moft advantageous conflrudion of that treaty could not 
 impofe on the Britifli government the neceffity of abandoning the 
 advantages refulting from the treaty concluded with Ambajee, nor 
 exempt the Britifh government from the engagements which it had 
 contraded with the Ranah of Gohud, in the conviction that Ambajee 
 fhould adhere to his promifes ; his excellency in council immediately 
 fent inftructions to the commander in chief to prels the fiege of 
 Gwalior without interruption, and to continue to occupy the terri- 
 tories which had been made over to the Ranah of Gohud by the treaty 
 concluded with that chief. (Confultations -d March, No. 238, A.) 
 
 546. His excellency the commander in chief having entertained 
 fome doubt on the fubject of the true fenfe of the 2d and gth articles 
 of the treaty of peace (confultations 2d March, No. 23g), the Go- 
 vernor-general explained their meaning in a fsparate letter, which 
 he wrote to the commander in chief, dated 20th February. (Con- 
 fultations 2d March, No. 243.) 
 
 547. The Governor-general defires your honorable committee to 
 direct its whole attention to the above-mentioned inftructions, given 
 
 A A
 
 182 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 to the commander in chief and to Mr. Mercer, to fee therein the 
 principles whereby his dccifion on that important queftion was regu- 
 lated. (ConfuUations 3d March, No. 122 ; and 2d March, No. 231.) 
 
 548. The dlfcuffions which have ariien with the durbar of Dowlut- 
 Row-Scindeah, on the fubject of Gohud and Gwalior, and the final 
 refolve of the Governor-general on the whole of that queflion, will 
 be laid before you more fully in a feparate difpatch, which the Go- 
 vernor-general intends to addrefs, exclufively, to your honorable 
 committee, relating to the peace concluded with the confederate 
 chiefs. 
 
 THE BEGUM OF SUMROO. 
 
 549". The inflructions of the Governor-general, given to the com- 
 mander in chief, with regard to Zeib-Ooniffa-Begum, commonly 
 called the Begum of Sumroo, who poflefles a confiderable jaghire 
 under the Mahratta government, in the Doab of the Jumna and the 
 Ganges, and in the centre of the territory before occupied by M. 
 Perron, have already been completely reported to your honorable 
 committee in the preceding part of this difpatch. 
 
 550. In thefe inflructions the Governor -general cxprcffcd to the 
 commander in chief his wifli to acquire the Begum's jaghire, by 
 means of a fuitable indemnity, feeing that the transfer of her jaghire 
 to the company was an object of great importance to the Britifli go- 
 vcrnmcnt, for rc-eftabli(hing tranquillity in the Doab, and for com- 
 pleting the introduction of the Engllfti fyflem of laws and regulations 
 into that country. 
 
 £51. The territory placed at the difpofal of the Britifli govern-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 133 
 
 ment, by the glorious fuccefs of our arms at the battle of Delhi, fur- 
 nilhcd us with the means of affigning to the Begum a territory on 
 the weftern part of the Jumna, inftead of the jaghire which fhe 
 poffefled in the Doab. The Governor-general, confequently, in a 
 letter containing inftructions given by the Governor-general to Mr. 
 Mercer, upon different details relative to the duties of his miflion, 
 authorifcd his excellency the commander in chief to propofe to the 
 Begum, to remove her eftablifliment to the oppofite bank of the 
 Jumna. 
 
 552. The Governor-general, on the 5th December, received dif- 
 patches from the commander in chief, by which he learned the 
 Begum's confent to the propofed change of her eflabliihment, and 
 the orders given by her for recalling her battalions from the fervice of 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah. The Begum at the fame time affured his 
 excellency the commander in chief, through the officer left at Delhi, 
 near the perfon of his majefty Shah-AUum, that fhe had given the 
 orders in queftion Immediately after the requlfitlon had reached her 
 from the commander in chief, when his excellency had fent her the 
 letter of the Governor-general. The difpatches from the commander 
 in chief contained alfo a letter from the Begum, addreffed to the 
 Governor-general, and inclofmg her confent to the arrangement pro- 
 pofed. 
 
 553. The Governor-general thinking that the Begum's conduct 
 on that occafion was deferving of the approbation of the Britifli go- 
 vernment, adopted the proportion which the commander in chief 
 had fubmitted to her in his difpatches (confultations 2d March, No. 
 184), relative to the guaranty, which fhould be accorded to the 
 Begum, for the independent poffeflion of the territory to be affigned 
 as an indemnity for her jaghire, upon the ordinary condition of mi- 
 
 A A 2
 
 18* HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 litary fervlce, and required the commander in chief to take the ne- 
 ceflary meafures for making over the territory which lliould be ceded 
 to the Begum, on the vveftern bank of the Jumna. His excellency, 
 at the fame time, received the order for adopting immediate difpo- 
 fitions to introduce the Britifli authority into the Begum's firft jag- 
 hire, and to prefs its renunciation, without waiting for the adlual 
 ceflion of the territory fituate on the weftern bank of the Jumna ; 
 an arrangement to which fne gave her confcnt. Divers clrcum- 
 fences have, however, hitherto prevented the choice and ceffion ot 
 the territory to be affigned in exchange for her jaghlre ; but it is the 
 intention of the Governor-general to hold himfelf accountable to the 
 Begum for the revenues arifing from her jaghlre, during the whole 
 time which fliall have elapfed, fmce the Brltifti government took 
 pofTeffion, until the occupation, by the Begum, of an equivalent 
 territory upon the weftern bank of the Jumna. The Begum's troops 
 joined the c6mmander in chief in the month of December, after a 
 long and difficult march, which they made in coming from the 
 Dekkan. (Confultations 2d March, No. 287, 288.) 
 
 SCHEICKS. 
 
 554. The 392d and SQSd paragraphs of this difpatch contain the 
 inftrudions given by the Governor-general to his excellency the com» 
 raander in chief, relative to the means of conciliating the frlendfiilp 
 of the principal Scheicks chiefs on the engagements to be concluded 
 with them. The nature of the operations of the commander in 
 chief gave him no opportunity to accomplifh the end propofed by 
 thofe inftrudions. The principal objeds were, in fadl, obtained 
 by the neutrality of the Scheicks chiefs during the war, which may 
 in a great degree be attributed to the rapid progrefs and glorious 
 triumphs of the Britilh arms.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN ilSTDlA. 185 
 
 555. The commander in chief, however, as has been already 
 ftated to your honorable committee in our diipatches of the 25th 
 September, 1803, received propofals on behalf of Runject-Sing, rajah 
 of Lahore, to cede to the Biitifli government the territory poffeffed 
 by feme chiefs of tlie tribe of Scheicks, fituate fouth of the river 
 Sutlcge, upon condition of a dcfenfive alliance agalnft the refpcctlve 
 enemies of thofe chiefs, and of-the Britifli nation. 
 
 550. It was not, however, to the advantage of the Britifli govern- 
 ment to poflefs territory in that part, although the power of difpofing 
 of it would have facilitated the arrangements which it might have 
 had to make afterwards ; but the Governor-general had doubts of 
 the right of the rajah Runjcet-Sing to transfer that territory ; and in 
 all events, the Governor-general was apprehenfive, that if he dif-' 
 pofcd of that territory, it would become neceffary, for the attainment 
 of his object, to employ force againft thofe chiefs who would not 
 confirm the arrangement, and likewife to alienate thofe even that 
 the Governor- general had principally in view to conciliate. His ex- 
 cellency, therefore, thought it fufficient that the amicable difpofitions 
 of Runjeet-Sing, manifefted by his propofals, were encouraged, with- 
 out concluding any pofitive engagement with that chief. The Go- 
 vernor-general alfo received a letter from the rajah Saheb-Sing, chief 
 of Puttecalah, whereby he tcfllfied his friendly difpofitions to the 
 Britilh government. 
 
 SHAH-ALLUM. 
 
 55/. The Governor General is now about to report to your ho- 
 norable committee the circumftances relating to the enfranchife- 
 ment of the emperor Shah-AUum from the cruel fervitude in which 
 he was held by the Mahratta and French power; and to the re-efta-
 
 186 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 blifhment of that old and venerable monarch in his authority, under 
 the prote6lion of the Britifli governnnent, as well as in his dignity and 
 rights. 
 
 558. The letter which his excellency the Governor-general ad- 
 drefTeJ to his majefty Shah-Allum, (the fubftance of which is report- 
 ed in the 350th paragraph of this letter,) was fecretly tranfmitted by 
 the commander in chief to Sind-Rezza-Khan, agent of the refident, to 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, at Delhi, to be put into his majefty's hands. 
 It was accompanied by a letter from the commander in chief, wherein 
 he exprelTed his fmcere wifh to fliew his majefly all the refpecfl and 
 attachment which was due to him. The greateft fccrecy was recom- 
 mended to Sind-Rezza-Khan, in the iTieans of remitting thefe letters. 
 (Conference 2nd March, No. 22, 23.) 
 
 559. On the 29th Augufi: the commander in chief received, by 
 the channel of Sind-Rezza-Khan, the anfwer of Shah-Allum to the 
 letter of the Governor-general. His majefty therein exprefled his 
 ardent defire to take the benefit of the proteftion of the Britifli go- 
 vernment. 
 
 5G0. The commander in chief, on the. 1 ft September, received a 
 letter from Sind-Rezza-Khan, under his majefty's fcal, addrefled to 
 the Governor General, by which his majefty declared, that he had 
 confided the direftion of all his affairs to Dowlut-Row-Scindeah 
 and M. Perron, as Scindeah's delegate. He alfo therein announced 
 his intention of taking the field in perfon, and requcfted the Gover- 
 nor-general to forbid the further continuation of military operations. 
 
 5O1. It is proper to inform your honorable committee, that the 
 difpatch of the letters proceeding from his Majefty, has been through- 
 out liable to the infpcdition of the officers ftatioued at Delhi by Dow-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 187 
 
 lut-Row-Scindcah, and placed there under the immediate authority of 
 Mr. Perron. His majefty was never permitted to forward any letter 
 that was not dictated or approved of by tliofc officers. The anfwer 
 which the Governor-general received to the letter he had written to 
 the king was prepared and fent off clandcftincly. It' to this circum- 
 {lance is added the Hate of mifery and dlllrefs in which this unfor- 
 tunate monarch had fo long cxiftcd, and his majefly's impatience to be 
 delivered from the oppreffive yoke and barbarous power of the Mah- 
 rattas, who wiQied to conceal any fuppofitioa other than that the letter 
 mentioned in the preceding paragrapli had been written and difpatch- 
 ed by the voluntary order of his majefty ; or that the declarations and 
 intimations which it contained, accorded with his majefty's real defire 
 and defigns; fo many confiderations, added to the tokens which the 
 commander in chief had received from Sind-Rczza-Khan, incontefta- 
 bly prove that the letter in quefllon had, in fadl, been didated by the 
 French officers at Delhi. 
 
 5 02. A letter written for the fame purpofe, and addrelTed by his 
 majefly to the Nabob-Vizier, was tranfmitted by the Vizier to the 
 refident at Lucknow, and Sind-Rczza-Khan informed the commander 
 in chief, that his majelly had publicly declared, that his intention 
 was to addrefs fimllar letters to all tiie chiefs in Indoftan. Thcfe de- 
 monftratlons had all been evidently fuggelled by the French officers 
 at Delhi ; and fubfequent events prove the accuracy of the opinion 
 entertained of his majefty's earneft defire to place himfelf under the 
 protedion of the Britifh power. 
 
 563. Sind-Rezza-Khan having been forced to quit Delhi, by the 
 violence of the French officers, took refuge in the camp of the com- 
 mander in chief, and gave a favourable account of the dlfpofitions of 
 his majefty and of his court towards the Britifli power. 
 
 50-1. All the meafures of the French and other adherents of Dow-
 
 158 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 lut-Rovv-Scindeah, tending to prevent his majcfty from accepting the 
 proteflion of the Britifli government, remained, notwithftanding, in- 
 efteclua!, by means of tbj: fignal and decifive fuccefs of our arms at 
 the memorable battle of Delhi, gained on the 1 ith September, 1803. 
 Immediately after that event the commander in chief vs'as informed, 
 that the cnperor fincerely defired to put himfelf under the fafeguard 
 of the Britifli government. (Confutations 2nd June, No. lOQ.) 
 
 505. On the iGth September the commander in chief, accompa- 
 nied by the principal officers of his army, paid a vifit to the Emperor 
 Shah-AUum, at the royal palace in the fortrefs of Delhi. For that 
 purpofc his majefty's eldell: fon, Mirza-Akber-Shah, the prefumptive 
 heir, repaired to the Britifli camp, and introduced his excellency the 
 commander in chief into the prefence of his niajefl:y, who receiv-ed 
 him fitting upon his throne. His majefl:y and the whole court ex- 
 prefl^ed the greatefl: joy at an event which placed his majefl:y and the 
 Royal family under the protecftion of the Britifli government. (Con- 
 fultations 2nd March, No. lO'J.) 
 
 5(50. Soon after the arrival of the commander in chief at Delhi, his 
 excellency wrs informed that a fum of money, amounting to fix lacs 
 of rupees, the property of Dowlut-Row-Sclndcah, was in the hands 
 of M. Drugeon, the commandant of Delhi, deftined for the payment 
 of the troops. M. Drugeon had difburfed of that fum 6o,ooo rupees 
 for the payment of his troops, and on the approach of the Britifli army, 
 had depofitcd the remainder with Shah-Novarez-Khan, his majefty's 
 trcafurer, under the idea of preventing that money from falling into 
 the hands of the commander in chief (Confultations 2d March, 
 No. 113.) 
 
 567. His excellency, convinced that the money in queftion was 
 the public property of the enemy, and that the depofit of that 
 property in the hands of the trcafurer to his majelly, had no
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. i gg 
 
 other view but that of depriving the Britifli government of the be- 
 nefit of the capture, thought it his duty to reclaim that property, as be- 
 longing to the Britifh power. The demand was made in the mod 
 rcfpeflful manner, and with every regard due to his majcfty's dignity. 
 After fome rcfledtion, the emperor fent the money to the camp of the 
 commander in chief, with a inefTage begging his excellency's accept- 
 ance of the money, as an offering to the brave army whofe valorous 
 condu6l has delivered his majefty from the yoke of the French and 
 Mahratta power, and placed him under the protection he had long 
 defired, and the generous fupport of the Britifli government. (Con- 
 ference 2d March, No. 214.) 
 
 508. The commander in chief received the money, and referred its 
 difpofal to the orders of the Governor General. 
 
 569. The emperor, at the fame time, addrefTcd a letter to the Go- 
 vernor General, wherein he informed him of the gift he hadjuft be- 
 ftowed on the Britifh army. (Conference 2d March, No. ill, 1 14 A.) 
 
 570. The Governor General, without delay, communicated hisfen- 
 timents and inftruftions on the affairs in queflion, to the commander 
 in chief. 
 
 571. The Governor General, in his inftrudions, expreffed his po- 
 fitive opinion, that the whole fum of fix lacs of rupees, as well as the 
 remainder of that fum, after deducting the difburfement made to 
 Scindeah's troops, was certainly a public property of the enemy, and 
 that whatever part of that property might be found in the hands of M. 
 Drugeon, or of any other officer, foldier, or fubje6l of the enemy, 
 mufl on every principle of juflice, be adjudged as a lawful capture to 
 the Britiih government. (Conference 2d March, No. 215.) 
 
 B B
 
 190 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 572. The Governor- general obferved, that the fraudulent depofit of 
 the enemy's property in the hands of the officers of his majefty Shah- 
 Allum, could in no wife either change the nature of that property, 
 or prevent it being a good right of capture to him who had juft con- 
 quered the enemy's troops under the walls of Delhi, and who, purfuing 
 that glorious victory, had taken poffeffion of the city and fortrefs, 
 prevloufly occupied by a divifion of the hoftile army ; that no cir- 
 cumftance gave room for fuppofing that this depofit was intended for 
 the fervice of his majefty, although it was placed in the hands of the 
 firil officer of his treafury : that the ftate of indigence and mifery to 
 which his majefty, his royal family, and fuite, had been fo long re- 
 duced under the Mahratta dominion ; thp degraded fituation of the 
 imperial houfe ofTimour under the power of Scindeah's officers, 
 and in which ftate of degradation the commander in chief had found 
 the emperor upon his entrance into Delhi ; could not let it poffibly be 
 admitted that M. Drugeon had ever intended fo confiderable a fum 
 for the alleviation of the fufferings of Shah-Allum and his impoverifh- 
 ed court. That the aim of the depofit was evidently to elude the 
 rights of the conquerors, and to fave the property from the enemy, by 
 placing it in the hands of his majefty's officers, and in the royal name, 
 without the authority of, and unknown to the emperor, and without 
 any intention of adminiftering to his majefty, in his preffing neceffi- 
 ties ; confequently, that according to thefe evident proofs, the remain- 
 der of the fum of fix lacs of rupees, depofited by M. Drugeon in the 
 hands of Shah-Nuwaz-Khan, being actually a public property of the 
 enemy, the Governor-general concluded by deciding, that the right 
 in that property appertained t«o the Britiffi government, by the con- 
 quest of Delhi. 
 
 573. From thefe circumftances, the Governor- general approved of 
 the commander's in chief claim of the fum of money in queftion, 
 and that he had obferved, in his mode of reclaiming it, the refpect
 
 THE BRITISir GOVERNMENT 1>J INDIA. t9l 
 
 and attention which he had uniformly manifefted towards the unfor- 
 tunate emperor. 
 
 574. The Governor- general continued by obfcrving, that his ma- 
 jcfty Shah-AIlum having wifhed to prcfcnt to the army, as a gift, the 
 lum of money which his excellency had claimed in right of conqueft, 
 the commander in chief could not refufe to accept that offer without 
 offending his majefty's dignity, unlefs the commander in chief had at 
 the fame time renounced every pretenfion on the part of the Britifti 
 government to the enemy's property, and that the commander in 
 chief would not, in the opinion of the Governor- general, have been 
 juftified in relinquifhing the right without the express authority of 
 the Governor-general. 
 
 575. The Governor- general moreover obferved to the commander 
 in chief, that the treafure in queftion being a lawful prize, the Gover- 
 nor-general fhould not have thought even himfelf authorifed, (ac- 
 cording to the circumftances related by the commander in chief) to 
 give his excellency the power of relinquifhing the right, which the 
 Britifli government had, to poffefs itfelf of the property of the enemy 
 wherever it might be concealed ; but that the memorable events by 
 which the conqueft had been preceded, had particularly induced the 
 Governor- general to grant to the army a recompenfe, of which it had 
 fliewn itfelf fo worthy by its heroic conduct, and fuch conduct too as 
 never could be furpafled. 
 
 576. In confequence, the Governor-general, by virtue of thofe 
 iuftruftions, authorifed the commander in chief to confider the trea- 
 fure, amounting to five lacs and forty thoufand rupees, received as a 
 gift from his majefty, but which was in reality the property of the, 
 enemy, as money lawfully taken ; granted, by the authority of the 
 
 B B 2
 
 192 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 Governor-general to the army, in teftimony of the high opinton 
 which the Governor- general entertained of the difcipline, perfeve- 
 rance, and zeal which that brave army had difplayed. 
 
 ^']']. The Governor-general, however, thought it right to take 
 the firfl opportunity to order the payment of an adequate fum, in- 
 tended for the ufe and fervice of the emperor, in the manner which 
 fhould be moft agreeable to his majefty. 
 
 578. The Governor-general, confequently, addreffed a letter to 
 the emperor, in which his excellency explained to his majefty the 
 circumftances, demonftrating that the money claimed by the com- 
 mander in chief, belonged to the Britifh government, by virtue of 
 the indubitable right acquired by the conqueft of Delhi, over the 
 Mahrattas and French. After having demonftrated this fact, the Go- 
 vernor-general added, that he had, according to his majefty's pleafure, 
 given orders to the commander in chief to diftribute the property 
 amongft; the troops. The Governor- general then intimated to his 
 majefty, that it was the intention of his excellency to fecure in a 
 permanent manner, the happinefs, the dignity, and the tranquillity 
 of his majefty and the royal family, and that his excellency had 
 ordered the commander in chief to pay into the royal treafury the 
 fum of fix lacs of rupees, to provide for the immediate wants of his 
 majefty's houfehold. The Governor-general had, in fad:, given 
 orders to that effedt, and they have been fubfequently executed, 
 and the money applied to his majefty's ufe. 
 
 579. Before the march of the army to quit Delhi, the commander 
 in chief appointed Lieutenant-colonel Ochterlony, the adjutant-gene- 
 ral, refldent, to his majefty, on the part of the Britifti government. 
 Every rcquifite refpeft and regard have been manifefted towards the 
 unfortunate emperor, his family, and all his houfe ; and his majefty
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 193 
 
 appeared profoundly imprefifed with the advantages he had already 
 derived from the proteftioii of the Britifh government. 
 
 580. After the battle of Lafwaree, his majcfly haftencd, by a 
 fpecial deputation, to congratulate the commander in chief on that 
 brilliant viftory, and fent his excellency a fuit of honour, according 
 to the cuflom of India. (Conference zd March, No. i 76.) 
 
 581. The arrangements which the Governor General propofed to 
 adopt, for the fupport of his majefty and the royal family, will, in 
 the fequel, be reported to your honourable committee. Neverthelefs, 
 the Governor General finds it convenient here to inform your ho- 
 nourable committee, that it is not his excellency's intention to de- 
 mand any conceflion whatever from his majefty, nor to enter into 
 any arrangement whatever, beyond the meafures which will fix the 
 honourable fupport of his majeflyand his royal family, as well as the 
 nobility, under the protedlion of the Britifli power; which will ren- 
 der his majefty's refidence in the city of Delhi tranquil, but worthy 
 his rank, and ameliorate the fituation of the inhabitants of that city 
 and the contiguous provinces; in fhort, the aim of which will be, 
 to augment the fburces of the military power defined for the defence 
 of the Company's eftablifhments in that part of India. 
 
 582. The Governor General cannot terminate this article of the 
 prefent difpatch, without fmcerely congratulating your honourable 
 committee upon the complete fuccefs of the plan of political ar- 
 rangements in the north-weftern provinces of Indoflan, formed, by 
 the Governor General, with the view of excludins; the Mahratta 
 power from that part of India, and fubftituting the influence of the 
 Britifli government on the mofi: folid and lafting foundations. The 
 conclufion of the defenfive treaties with the chiefs of the Rajahpoots 
 and Jats tribes, mufl fecure the afcendancy of the Briti/h govern-
 
 19* HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 ment, and prefent an invincible obftacle to the re-eflabliftiment of 
 the influence of the Mahrattas in thofe ftates. A particular article 
 of thofe treaties effectually prevents the introduftion of the power or 
 influence of the French, or of any other European ftate, into the 
 councils or armies of our new allies. The ftipulation for reciprocal 
 fuccours in cafe of war, places at our difpofal a powerful body of 
 native troops, which may be ufeful to us in the different fervices of 
 the army ; while the obligation which the treaty impofes on our 
 allies, to fubmit all difputes to the decifion of the Britifli govern- 
 ment, and to conform, in all cafes, to the arbitration of that govern- 
 ment, prevents our being furrounded by any unjuft or frivolous war, 
 and affords us powerful means of infuring the tranquiUity of the 
 northern provinces of Indoftan. 
 
 583, The fubftance of tbe inftrudlions of the Governor General 
 given to'his excellency the commander in chief, and to Mr. Mercer, 
 on the fubjedl of the meafures to be adopted for the eflablifliment 
 of the authority of the Britifli government in the province of Bun- 
 delcund, has been reported to your honourable committee, in the 
 325th paragraph of this difpatch. 
 
 584, In compliance with his inftruClions, Mr. Mercer having 
 gone to Illahabad, there found the agent nominated by Hemmut- 
 Behauder to condudl the negotiation propofed with that chief; and 
 on the 4th September, 1803, Mr. Mercer concluded a treaty with 
 the rajah Hemmut-Behauder, of which a copy will be found re- 
 giftercd 3d March, No. 11. 
 
 585, The conditions of that treaty purport, that the Britifh army 
 fhould folicit of the Nabob- Vizier the enlargement of Amrow-Jeer, 
 a relation of Hemmut-Behauder, upon adequate fecurity for his fu- 
 ture condu(fl ; that a jaghire in the Doab, fuitable to his rank, be
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA: 195 
 
 ^onfided to Hemmut-Behauder, when he has rendered thofe fervices 
 which he engaged for to the Company ; that a territory producing 
 the annual revenue of twenty lacs of rupees, fhould be affigned him 
 in Bundelcund, for the fupport of his troops, on condition that they 
 fhould be ready at all times to obey the orders of the Britifli go- 
 vernment ; that the Britifli government.fhould coiifent to take upon 
 itfclf the pay of the troops above the number of thofe, for which 
 this territory was affigned to the rajah, and that a fimilar conven- 
 tion (hould take place with Hemmut-Behauder, in cafe the pro- 
 vince of Bundelcund was abandoned by the Company. ^ 
 
 586. In that convention a claufe has been inferted, by which the 
 Britifli government engages to treat Hemmut-Behauder with the 
 refpeft which his rank entitles him to ; and he has received the 
 aflurance of the Britifli government, that it would ftridly obferve 
 all the conditions which fliould be contra6ted with perfons who 
 might offer to fubmit themfelves by the channel of the rajah's 
 
 asjencv. 
 
 587. After the conclufion of the agreement with Hemmut-Be- 
 hauder, Mr. Mercer repaired to the head quarters of the commander 
 in chief, in the defign of fulfilling the other objeds of his miflion, 
 (Conference 3d March, No. 13, 14), leaving the care of terminating 
 the arrangement in Bundelcund to Mr. Ahmuty, receiver of Illaha- 
 bad, who had been made ufe of as the medium for tranfmitting the 
 detailed propofition of Hemmut-Behauder to the Britifli government. 
 (Conference 3d March, No. 2.) 
 
 588. The Britifli detachment which had been formed near Illa- 
 habad, with the view of making it a&. in Bundelcund, (Conference 
 5th March, No. 1 7) entered that country towards the 12th Sep- 
 tember, and was joined by the troops of the rajah Hemmut-Behauder,
 
 19S HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OFT 
 
 at Serva, about three days march from the Jumna ; the united de- 
 tachments arrived on the borders of the river Cane, the 23d Septem- 
 ber, (Conference 23d March, No. 2l) and found the army of Shum- 
 fliair-Behauder, fon of the late Ally-Behauder, ftationed a fhort time 
 fmce in Bundelcund, with confiderable forces, for the purpofe of 
 taking upon himfelf the government of that province, under the pre- 
 text of orders which he alleged to have received from the Pelfliwah. 
 He was then encamped on the other bank of the river, oppofite the 
 pofition of the allied troops. Shumfhalr-Behauder difpatched vakeels 
 to Mr. Ahmuty, who had accompanied the detachment into Bun- 
 delcund, with the offer of fubmltting to the Britifli government, 
 the negotiation which had been entered upon with that chief (Con- 
 ference 3d. March, No. 28.) 
 
 58Q. Mr. Ahmuty having been obliged, by ill health, to return to 
 Illahabad, the condudl of the negotiation devolved on Lieutenant- 
 colonel Powell. (Conference 3d March, No. 30.) On the 10th Oc- 
 tober, Colonel Powell pafled the river Cane, (Conference 3d March, 
 No. 53, 51) and having feen that Shumfhair-Behauder was not dif- 
 pofed to evacuate the province of Bundelcund ; he with his troops, 
 attacked and defeated that chief's army. On the 1 3th October (Con- 
 ference 3d March, No. 50, 57, 58) Shumfhair-Behauder immediately 
 retired with his troops to Calpee. The lofs which the Britifli detach- 
 ment fuflained in the combat was inconiiderable. For the detail of 
 the battle, the negotiation which preceded it, and the other circum- 
 ftances relative to the entrance of the Britifli troops into Bundelcund, 
 the Governor-general has the honor to refer your honorable committee 
 to the minutes. (3d March, No. lO to Oo.) 
 
 5Q0. Before his excellency the commander in chief had received 
 any intcUlgencc of the rupture between the Britifli government and 
 Shumfliair-Bchauder, Conference 2d March, No. 120, 127) his
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. if)Y 
 
 excellency confidcring it Important to infurc the fubmlfsion of that 
 chief to the Britlfh government, fcnt inflrudiions to Mr. Ahmuty 
 according to which he was to ufe every effort to fucceed in the 
 objcd: propofed. (Conference 3d March, No. -43.) The change of cir- 
 cumftances occafioned by the expulfion of Shumfliair-Behaudcr, by 
 force of arms, was not a rcafon with his excellency for withdrawing 
 the Britifli protCiSlion from him. Colonel Powell was, confcqucntly, 
 ordered to refume the negotiation, fufpended by a feries of events 
 which had occurred before Mr. Ahmuty received tlie iriftruclions of 
 the commander in chief. 
 
 5gi. In the 3g 1th paragraph of this difpatch, the Governor- general 
 has informed your honorable committee that Captain Baillie, pro- 
 feflor of Arabic, Perfian, and Mahummedan law in the college of 
 Fort- William, had been appointed political agent to his excellency 
 the commander in chief, in the room of Colonel Symmel, who was 
 compelled, by indifpofition, to take his departure for Europe. 
 
 5Q2. Captain Baillie went to the army of the commander in chief 
 at the beginning of Odobcr. Mention is made of the inftruftions of 
 the Governor- general to the commander in chief, relative to Cap- 
 tain Baillie's miffion, in the regifters 2nd March, No. loi. 
 
 593. Owing to the continuance of Mr. Abmuty's indifpofition, his 
 excellency the commander in chief chofe Captain Baillie to condud 
 all the political affairs in Bundelcund. Captain Baillie was confe- 
 quently furnifhed with general inftrudions for ading to that effed, 
 and fet out to join the detachment in Bundelcund. 
 
 594. Captain Baillie, before his arrival in Bundelcund, had a meet- 
 ing with the vakeels deputed by Shumfliair-Behauder, and charged 
 with propofitions of accommodation on behalf of that chief. The 
 
 c c
 
 193 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OP 
 
 Governor-general refers your honorable committee to Captain Baillie'3 
 difpatches, dated Qth November, for every thing concerning the com- 
 munications between Captain BalUie and the vakeels. (Confultations 
 3d March, No. 107,110.) 
 
 505. In anfwer to the letter which Captain Baillie had written to 
 Shumfliaif-Behauder, through the medium of his vakeels, that officer 
 received one from Shumfliair-Behauder, by which he exprefled his 
 friendly difpofitlons, and his intention to unite his interefts withthofe 
 of the Britifli government, and announced that he had fent vakeels 
 to Captain Baillie, defigning to eonfult on the fubje^l of an arrange- 
 ment between him and the Britifh government. (Confultations 3d 
 March, No. 127.) 
 
 5qO. Notwithftanding thefe favorable appearances, the negotia- 
 tion was protra6led for two months by the Indecifion or weaknefs of 
 Shumfhair-Behauder, who, having at laft fixed the time of his arrival 
 in the Britilh camp, fuddenly broke off the negotiation, and retired 
 to fome diftance from the pofition occupied by Colonel Powell's de- 
 tachment. (Confultations 3d March, No. 171, 174.) 
 
 5Q7- The uninterrupted fuccefs, however, of the Britifh arms, in 
 the diftrid of Calpee, and in the countries on the north- weftern- 
 frontiers ot Bundelcund, joined to the frequent defertion of his troops, 
 and to the defection of a great number of officers, fpeedily reduced 
 Shumfliair-Behauder to fuch a ftate of diftrefs, that there remained 
 to him no other hope for the re-eflablifhmentof his affairs but in the 
 generofity of the Britifli government. 
 
 598. Captain Baillie (Confultations 3d March, No. 201) judging 
 that the fubmiffion of Shumfliair-Behauder (Confultations 3d March, 
 No. 210, 211 J would be more fpeedily effcded by making known to
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. laj 
 
 liim the intentions of the Britifti government in his favour, addreflcd 
 bim a letter,, wherein he promifed that the Bvitifli government, in' 
 concert with the Peifhwah, would fix, for himfelf and family, the 
 ftipuhitcd annual fum of four lacs of rupees, and acquainted Shum- 
 fliair-Behauder that he might rcpofe his whole confidence in the juf- 
 tice and generofity of the Brltilh government. 
 
 599. On the 18th January, Shumfhair-Behauder arrived at the 
 Britifh camp, where he was received by Colonel Powell and Captain 
 Baillie, with all fuitable marks of refped: and attention. 
 
 Goo. The Governor-general approved, entirely, of the conduct of 
 Captain Baillie, during the courfe of this negotiation ; and being 
 convinced of the Uncere fubmiffion of Shumfhair-Behauder, and of 
 his determination to complete the engagements he had juft contracted 
 with the Britifh government, confirmed the convention concluded 
 between that officer and Shumfliair-Behauder. (Confultations 2nd 
 March, No. 233.) The Governor-general, at the fame time, ordered 
 the refident at Poonah (Confultations 3d March, No. 234, A) to 
 •work at determining the Pcifhwah to entruft to Shumfhair-Behauder 
 (Confultations 2Hd April, No. 168) the management of the diftridls 
 in Bundelcund, which might remain under his highnefs's authority ; 
 and the Governor-general has a confident hope that thefe meafures 
 will add confiderably to the fecurity of the definitive arrangements 
 contradted in that province. 
 
 Ooi. The fubmiffion of Shumfhair-Behauder (Confultations 3rd 
 May, No. 239) was followed by the furrcnder of all the forts in Bun- 
 delcund, poflefled by his adherents. Shumlhair-Behauder has fmce 
 remained conftantly in the Britifh camp. 
 
 O02. Soon after Captain Baillie's arrival in Bundelcund, he received 
 
 c c 2
 
 200 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 propofitions on the part of the Soubahdar of Janfee (Confultatlons 
 ard May, No. 120, 13o) who poffeffes the fort of the fame name, 
 and the difl;ri<fl:s dependent thereon, under the nominal authority of 
 the Peifliwah, by which he offered to join his intereils to thofe of the 
 Britifli government, and to which the commander in chief authorifed 
 Captain BailUe to accede. (Confultations 3d March, No. 153.) 
 
 0o3. On the 4th January the Soubahdar of Janfee arrived at the 
 Britifti camp. With this chief a regular treaty was concluded, 
 which, after having been fubmitted, by Captain Baillic, to, received 
 the approbation of the commander in chief and the Governor-general. 
 (Confultations 3d March, No. 227, 228, 238, 240.) 
 
 6o4. The troops of the Soubahdar of Janfee were employed after- 
 wards to co-operate in the defence of Bundelcund, and the diftrifts 
 in the vicinity of Janfee. The Soubahdar's example induced feveral 
 other chiefs in that part of the country, to put themfelves under the 
 protedlion of the Britifh government. (Confultations 3d March, No^ 
 17Q, 183, 201, 211, 239.) 
 
 Co5. The Governor- general will now report to your honorable 
 committee the progress of the troops under Colonel Powell, whofc 
 narrative has been interrupted for the purpofe of giving a conneded 
 account of the negotiation with Shumfliair-Behauder. 
 
 O06. Immediately after the flight of Shumfliair-Behauder from 
 Bundelcund, Colonel Powell, having detached part of his forces to- 
 wards the banks of the river, Betwa, to proted; the frontier?, and 
 fecure the tranquillity of the dirtrids fubmitted to the authority of 
 the Britifll government, marched towards the fort of Colingour, 
 which he intended to attack without lofs of time. (Conference 3d 
 March, No. Go, Ol, 02, 0^,07.) A communication was before opened
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 201 
 
 with the commandant of this fortrefs, and it was hoped that its pol- 
 fcfsion might be obtained by the way of negotiation. (Confultations 
 3d March, No. 21, 38, 30, 40, 81, 82.) 
 
 G07. However, his excellency the commander In chief, thinking 
 that the defence of Bundelcund, and of the company's contiguous 
 crtablifhments, againft hoftile incurfion, was an obje£t of greater im- 
 portance than the immediate pofTefsion of Colingour, ordered Colonel 
 Powell to go with his whole corps towards the frontiers, north-weft 
 of Bundelcund, (Coniultations 3d March, No. 70) and to occupy a 
 pofition which could put him in a ftate to repel the invafion of the 
 enemy, and to force the neighbouring chiefs to fubmit themfelves to 
 the authority of the Britifli government, and that of the Peifhwah. 
 Colonel Powell arrived at Soroh-pore, on the banks of the Betwa, 
 the ift November. (Confuliatlons 3d March, No. y3, 93 A.) 
 
 O08. Several ftrong places furrendered to Colonel Powell's detach- 
 ment, and the troops of Hemmut-Behauder, during their march in 
 the country : (Confultations 3d March, No. 54, 85) and they eftab- 
 lifhed the authority of the Britifh government in Bundelcund. Some 
 troubles which had arifen in the fouthern parts of the province (Con- 
 fultations 3d March, No. 97, lOO) were fpeedlly appeafed by a party 
 of the troops of Hemmut-Behauder, who was fent there by Colonel 
 Powell. 
 
 609. The Jaghirdar of Calpee (Confultations 3d March, No. 132, 
 133) having manifefted a hoftile difpofition, and refufed to accept rea- 
 fonable terms of accommodation, Colonel Powell marched againft the 
 capital of that diftrld;, which furrendered on the 4th December, as 
 foon as the batteries were opened. (Confultations 3d March, No. 
 165, 167.) The poffefsion of the fort of Calpee has been always 
 confidered, by the Governor-general, indifpenfably neceflary to com-
 
 20? • HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 mancl the right bank of the Jumiia ; It has alfo been the Intention 
 of the Governor-general to have that pofition conftantly occupied by 
 a Britifli garrifon, according to an arrangement to be concluded with 
 Ins highnefs the Peiflivvah, to whofe authority the diflrid of Calpee 
 is, nonninally, lubjedt. 
 
 OlO. The Jaghirdar of Calpee has fince repaired to the Brltifh camp. 
 (Confultations 3d March, No. 183,' 225, 239, 249.) The definitive 
 eflabllfhment of his affairs has not, however, yet taken place. 
 
 On. The redudion of Calpee was followed by the furrender of 
 feveral other fl-rong places in that part of the country, (Confultations 
 3d March, No. 178, 193) and by the fubmiffion of all the chiefs and 
 zemindars poflefsing territories between the Betwa and the diftridl of 
 Bind, to the north of the river Sind. A momentary arrangement 
 was made by Captain Balllie for the adminiftration of the diftrlds of 
 Calpee, and the other diftrids north of the Betwa, which had fub- 
 mitted to the Britifli government, and a portion of the reveiaues has 
 already been real ifed. (Confultations 3d March, No. 192.) 
 
 Gl2. On the 12th December (Confultations 3d March, No. 1 68^, 
 \6g) Colonel Powell was joined by a brigade of native infantry, 
 having European officers (Confultations 3d March, No. 139 to 146, 
 and l6l to 3 03) and commanded by a native of Great Britain, of 
 the name of Shepherd, who had quitted the fervice of Ambajee, con- 
 formably to the proclamation of the Governor-general, dated 3d Au- 
 guft, 1803. (Confultations 3d March, No. 139 to 140, and lOl to 
 163.) This brigade was taken into the pay of the Britifh govern- 
 ment, and employed, with fuccefs, by Colonel Povi'ell, in eftab- 
 lifhing and maintaining tranquillity in the interior diftricls of Bun- 
 delcund, in which Britifli troops could not be conveniently em,- 
 ployed.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 203 
 
 61 3. On the 28th December, (confultation 3d March, No. ]95> 
 igO) Colonel Powell detached two battalions of native infantry to 
 reinforce the detachment employed before the fort of Gvvalior. 
 
 Ol4. At the beginning of the month of February, Ameer-Khan, (a 
 partifan who had in his pay a large body of marauders, and had offered 
 his fervices on different occafions to the different belligerent powers 
 during the war,) approached the frontiers of Bundclcund. Ameer- 
 Khan, then engaged in the fcrvice of Jefwunt-Row-Holkctr, (conful- 
 tations 3d March, No. 205, 225, 220,) appeared to have a dcfign of 
 invading Bundelcund, and the countries to the north of the Bctwa ; 
 Colonel Powell (confultations 3d March, No. 237 to 239,) confe- 
 quently detached Colonel Shepherd's brigade, and a confiderable body 
 of the troops of the Soubahdar of Janfee. All thefe forces were to be 
 joined by a krge body belonging to the Rajah of Ooundeha, one of the 
 chiefs who lately fubmitted himfclf to the Britifh government. (Con- 
 fultations 3d March, No. 237.) This detachment was in a flate to 
 refift all the forces which Ameer-Khan could oppofe to it; and Colo- 
 nel Powell (confultations 3d March, No. 23!7) having united his troops 
 at Kotra to the north of the Betwa, and having received a reinforce- 
 ment of European and native troops, prepared to make head againft 
 him if neceffary. 
 
 015. A negotiation bad been began, by Captain Baillie, (confulta- 
 tions 3d March, No. 214 to 2l6,) fome time before, with Ameer-Khan, 
 who, it was fuppofed, had an intention of leaving Jefwunt-Row-Hol- 
 kar's fervice. 
 
 016. On the 20th February, Colonel Powell having been inform- 
 ed of the intention of Ameer Khan to go by Janfee and Narwar, and 
 join Jefwunt-Pi-ow-Holkar, confultations 3d March, No. 251, 253,) 
 marched in the dire6lion of Janfee to intercept hiro. Ameer-Khan^ -
 
 204 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 who had entered theteriitory of Janfee, retreated as footl as he learnt 
 that Colonel Powell was advancing againft him. But he loon returned 
 again to that diftricl with a body of horfe marauders, and had a flight 
 (kirmilh with a party of the troops of the Soubahdar of Janfee. Colonel 
 Powell having, however, continued advancing, Ameer-Khan united his 
 troops, reafcended the Ghauts, and fell back to Seronge. Ameer Khan's 
 •"etreat having delivered the province of Bundelcund and the poffeflions 
 of the neighbouring chiefs from all fear of invafion. Colonel Powell 
 remained at liberty to go into the interior of Bundelcund, to take pof- 
 fellion of the fort of Colingour, and fome other flrong places which 
 had not lubmitted to the Britifli government, and he marched to Co- 
 lingour on the pth March. 
 
 61 7. The fort of Booraghour furrendered to a divlfion of the troops 
 of Hemmut-Behauder, whilfl Colonel Powell was with his detach- 
 ment to the north of the Betwa. (Conference 3d March, No. 251 
 and 253.) 
 
 618. The 314th paragraph of this difpatch, refers to the arrange- 
 ments adopted by the Governor-general, in cafe of war with the con- 
 federate Mahratta chieftains, for the defence of the frontiers, extend- 
 ing from Midnapore to Mirzapore on the banks of the Ganges, and 
 to repel the incurfions of the corps of irregular troops which might 
 make their appearance from the Mahratta territory. 
 
 619. The Governor will now communicate to your honourable 
 committee the detail of thefe arrangements. To condu6l this im- 
 portant objeft with fuccefs, the officers commanding the different 
 military flationswere furnifhed with inflructions, appropriate to the 
 local circumflances of the diftridts (ituated in the limits of their re- 
 fpedive commands, with orders to adopt immediate meafures, in con- 
 cert with the civil magiflrates, for eftablifhinga regular and vigorous
 
 THE BRiriSM GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 205 
 
 fyftem of defence againfl: every inroad above mentioned. (Conference 
 I ft April, 1804, No. I ; — 29th December 1803, No. 18 A. or F.) 
 
 620. The officers to whom this important charge was confided 
 were Major-general Dean and Colonel Fenwick, commanding re- 
 fpecStively at Chemar and Midnapore, and the line from the foutiierti 
 extremity of Pachete to the fouthern banks of the Soone, to Lieute- 
 nant-colonel Broushton. 
 
 622. It appeared to the Governor-general of greater importance to 
 the dil'cipline and vigour of the regular troops, and more particularly 
 in the prefent crifis, to keep them always together. (Confultations 
 12th April, No. I.). He, therefore, ordered the commanding officers 
 to call in all the detachments of their troops ftationed at the advanc- 
 ed pofts, as foon as they could do it with fafety ; (Confultations 29th 
 December, No. 18 A. to 18 C.) and the magiftrates of the diftridls 
 on the frontiers, likewife received orders to keep up the burkundau- 
 zes, or armed foldiers, that they might be able to replace the regular 
 troops in the fervice. (Confultations 29th December, No. 18 D. to 
 18 F.) 
 
 628. The advantage of keeping the regular troops, as much as pof- 
 fible, united, and not employing in the internal adminiftration of the 
 country, more troops than are adlually necefTarj for the fervice which 
 fhould be pointed out to the Governor-general; (conference ist April, 
 No. i) the equally evident advantage of exciting the zemindars 
 of the diftritfls, fituate on the frontiers of the provinces of Bengal, 
 Bahar, and Benares, to co-operate in repelling every enterprife tending 
 to penetrate into the Company's provinces by the defiles of their re- 
 fpective ftates, fuggefted to the Gouernor-general the expediency of 
 fending tothe officers commanding upon the frontiers orders, whereby 
 they were enjoined to give every poiTible encouragement to thcle ze. 
 
 D D
 
 206 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 mindars, and to authorife them, in cafe of any defign, on the part of 
 the enemy, to penetrate into the company's territory ; to maintain 
 armed foldiers at the expence of the government, and to prefs them 
 to adopt all the meafures which their means would permit, for care- 
 fully guarding the defiles in queflion. (Conference 29th December^ 
 No. 1 8 A. to 18 C.) 
 
 624. The commanding officers were ordered to employ a fuffi,. 
 cient number of trufty emiffaries, that they might have timely 
 information of every affemblage of troops on the Mahratta territory, 
 or of any other movement which might indicate a defign of penetrat- 
 ing into the Britiih territory; 
 
 625. The commanding officers were likewife ordered to confult 
 the civil magiftrates of the diftri£ts, with the defence of which they 
 were entrufted, in all matters which could have reference to their 
 infiirudtions ; and the magiftrates were ordered to give the officers 
 commanding on the frontiers, every information which fliould be in 
 their power, and which might be condiicive to the end propofed. 
 Similar orders were dlfpatched to the agent of the Governor- general 
 at Benares, on the fubjedt of the defence of the frontiers confided to 
 Major-general Dean. 
 
 626. The fame general inftruftions were applicable to the circum- 
 ftances on which the officers commanding the ditterent ftations on 
 the frontiers, might be in a fituation to act : but the great extent of 
 this part of the frontiers entrufted to Lieutenant-colonel Broughton, 
 and the probability that the enemy's forces might be diredled againft 
 fome part. of that line, added to the circumftances in rcfpecl to the 
 ftate of the adjacent Mahratta provinces, and fome diftricts fituated 
 immediately on the frontiers of the Company's territory, made it ne- 
 ccflliry to give that officer particular inftructions.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 20? 
 
 627. Thcfc inftru^tions, however, were communicated to Major- 
 general Dean and Colonel Fcnwick (confultations 2yth December, 
 No. 18, A. to 18, C), who had orders to adopt fuch of them as 
 might be applicable to their refpeftive commands ; and thcfe officers 
 were befides ordered to fubmit their ideas relative to the precautions 
 they might think it neceflary or convenient to add to thefc mcafurcs. 
 
 028. To put the battalion of Ramgour in a ftate to a<S, Lieutenant- 
 colonel Broughton was authorifed to augment that corps to ten 
 companies, each compofcd of 95 men, and, befides, to raife two 
 additional companies of equal ftrength. Two companies of regular 
 fepoys were detached from the ftation of Dinapore, and placed under 
 the command of Lieutenant-colonel Broughton, to enable him to 
 unite all the battalions of Ramgour for the operations which he 
 fliould judge it nccefTary to undertake. The commanding officer at 
 Dinapore received an order to fecond Lieutenant-colonel Broughton 
 in every thing that laid in his power. (Confultations 22d November, 
 No. 67, 08.) 
 
 629. Conformably to the intimation of Lieutenant-colonel Brough- 
 ton, that officer was authorifed to efi:ablifli depots of ammunition in 
 convenient places for the ufe of his detachment. (Confultations 29th 
 November, and 29th December, No. 12.) 
 
 Here two whole fheets are wanting. 
 
 Continuation of the broken paragraph. 
 
 030. And that, at the fame time a confiderable reduftion of the power 
 and refources of the rajah of Berar might be effc6ted, by fettingon foot 
 a negotiation which fhould be eventually fupported by the approach o£ 
 a detachment of troops,with the difcontented fubjeds of the Berar ra^ 
 
 D D 2
 
 208 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 iah,in the countries bordering on the honourable Company's poffefllons 
 in Bengal, for the purpofe of exciting them to revolt againft the autho- 
 rity of the Mahratta government, and attaching them to the inte- 
 reft of the Britifli government, Colonel Broughton was ordered on 
 the 25th Auguft, (confultation 12th November, No. 12,) to open an 
 immediate communication with thofe individuals ; and in feparate 
 inftrudlions of the fame date, the principles upon which the nego- 
 tiations (hould be conducted, were communicated to him. (Con- 
 fultations 12th April, 1804, No. 2.) 
 
 03 7. By thofe inftrudions, Colonel Broughton was at firft ordered 
 to procure correal information upon the actual ftate of Sunabulpore, 
 the moft eaftern province of Ecrar ; upon the chiefs and zemindars, 
 who were known to be diflatisfied with the Mahratta government ; 
 upon the forces which the Mahrattas employed in that province ; and 
 upon the means which the malcontent-chiefs poffcfled, for repelling 
 an enemy who fliould attempt an invafion. 
 
 633. The meafures which were adopted for placing thefe corps 
 under the command of Lieutenant-colonel Broughton, in a ftate to 
 adl with promptitude and fuccefs, and to unite the principal part of 
 his forces, in the view of undertaking offenfive operations, vsithout 
 abandoning the defence of the company's pofleffions, againft hoftile 
 excurfions, have been reported to your honourable committee, in the 
 part of this difpatch relating to the plan of defence adopted by the 
 Governor- general, for the fccurlty of the frontiers. 
 
 Gag. The Governor-general will now relate the fubftance of the 
 inftrudions, according to v>hich Lieutenant- colonel Broughton was 
 to condudl" the political negotiations neccffary for attaining the aim 
 of his expedition in the eaftern provinces of Berar. 
 
 0-10. During Mr. Colebrokc's rcfidcnce at Nagporc, Vincajcc-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 209 
 
 Bhoonflah, brother of the rajah of Bcrar, had made him fome fecrct 
 overtures, whereby he demanded the continuance of the fupport of 
 the Britlfli government, to eftabUfli his independence. (Confnltations 
 12th April, No. 2.) It appears, by the correfpondence of Mr. Cole- 
 brooke, and by other information, that the province of Chuttefghur, 
 which confifts in Ryepore, Ruttunporc, and their rcfpedlive depen- 
 dencies, was under the exclufive authority of Vincajec-Bhoonllah ; 
 that the Bcrar Rajah did not interfere with the affairs of Chuttefghur, 
 and had exercifed no authority over the mountaineer chiefs, tribu- 
 taries of the province of Ruttunpore ; that the military force ftationcd 
 Jn Chuttefghur, was exclufively in the fervice of Vincajee-Bhoonflah, 
 and that all the public officers of the province were appointed by 
 Vincajee, and under his immediate authority. 
 
 641. The Governor-general had no reafon to fuppofe that Vincajee- 
 Bhoonflah had abandoned his projects of independence; but Vincajee- 
 Bhoonslah having accompanied the rajah of Bcrar in his march to 
 join the army of Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, all direct communication 
 with Vincajee-Bhoonslah had become ufelefs, aiid would have been 
 extremely hazardous to that chief. 
 
 0-12. The advantages, however, which the Biitifh government 
 might expect, in the actual crifis of affairs, by eftabllfliing the authority 
 of Vincajee-Bhoonflah in the province of Chuttelghur, in entire 
 independence of the rajah of Bcrar, and under the protection of the 
 Britifli government, decided the Governor-general to attempt to ac- 
 complifli the object propofed by a negotiation with the Soubahdars 
 cf Ruttunpore and Ryepore, the principal officers of Vincajee-Bhoonf- 
 lah, in Chuttefghur. The Governor-general did not know that the 
 oflicers were informed of their mafl;er's desire to eitablifli his inde- 
 pendence, or that they were prepared to act agreeably to his fuppofed 
 views. Of confequence, Lieutenant-colonel Broughton had orders 
 to begin his negotiation, by addreffmg letters to the Soubahdars ot
 
 ^10 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 Ryepoi-e and Ruttunpore, and informing them that the hoftilitics 
 between the rajah of Berar and the Britilh government, could not 
 extend to Vincajee-Bhoonflah, unlefs they were themfelves the firft 
 aef'refibrs, and granted a paffage, to the parti fans, acrofs their dillrids, 
 to enter the company's provinces. Lieutenant-colonel Broughton 
 was at the fame time charged to fend a confidential agent to Ruttun- 
 pore, to endeavour to make himfelf acquainted with the real vievs's 
 and dlfpofitions of the Soubahdars. In cafe that the Soubahdars of 
 Ryepore and Ruttunpore were informed of the fuppofed views of their 
 immediate fuperlor, and difpofed to contribute to their fuccefs, Lieu- 
 tenant-colonel Broughton was ordered to communicate to thofe 
 officers, the difpofitlon the Britifli government was in, to guarantee 
 the future independence of the territories of Vincajee-Bhoonflah. 
 
 G43. Lieutenant- colonel Broughton was llkewlfe 'ordered to imprefs 
 upon thofe officers of Vincajee-Bhoonflah, the neceffity of fecrecy and 
 circumfpcction. The conditions of the propofcd guaranty were re- 
 ferved for difcufTion to a future day. 
 
 C44. In giving thofe inflrudions, the Governor-general thought it 
 neceffary to take into confideration the adual (late of the province of 
 Chuttefghur. It appeared, that fcveral zemindars of that province 
 were diffatisfied with the authority vinder which they were immedi- 
 ately placed, and that they were difpofed to co-operate, with the 
 Britifli government, againft the Mahratta power. As, however, it was 
 manifefHy incompatible with the policy mentioned in Jhe preceding 
 paragraphs, to fupport thefe zemindars, it was neceffary to determine 
 upon the -meafures to be purfued. Under every point of view, it 
 feemcd to the Governor-general, that the intentions of the Britifli 
 government would be better accompliflied, by cflabliflfmg the authority 
 of Vincajee-Bhoonflah in Chuttefghur, than by encouraging and 
 fupporting the malcontent zemindars to attack his authority. The 
 tftabliflamcnt of fuch an authority was more capable of giving fccurity
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA, 211 
 
 and tranquillity to the pofl'cffions contiguous to thofe of the company, 
 and by reducing the pav, cr and rcfourccs of the Berar rajah, it was 
 more likely to increafe our own. If, on the other hand, we were to- 
 encourage the dillatisfied chiefs, there would not refult the fame po- 
 litical advantage to the Britifli government, becaufe the difficulty of 
 reconciling their different prctcnfions and privileges, would have pro- 
 duced embarraflments greater than the advantages which would have 
 been derived from their alliance. 
 
 0-15. The Governor-general, therefore, took the refoluhon of adopt- 
 ing the latter plan, only in the event of the failure of the negotiation 
 with the officers of Vlncajee-Bhoonllah, in Ryepore and Ruttunpore. 
 
 64 0. The fame objeftions did not, however, appear to exifr againfc 
 the project of encouraging and affifting the mountaineer chiefs, tri- 
 butary to Ruttunpore, whofe pofleffions are fituate between Chuttef- 
 ghur and the company's frontiers, in the intention they fhewed of 
 Ihaking off the Mahratta yoke. 
 
 04 7. Lyieutenant-colonel Broughton was like wife ordered to ufe 
 his efforts to reftore the firft authority, to the family which had- ori- 
 ginally polTeffed the diftridls of Sumbulpore, fuppoflng that the chiefs 
 and zemindars were willing to concur in that meafure. 
 
 648. The family here alluded to had been expelled by the Mah- 
 rattas, who maintained themfelves in the entire poffeffion of that pro- 
 vince. The Ranah, who rcprefented that family, was known to have 
 been defirou:! of the aid of the Britifh government, and he had made 
 the demand in an unequivocal way, on the fubjeft, to Colonel Brough- 
 ton. It was alfo fuggefted to Lieutenant- colonel Broughton, that it 
 would be poffible to join Sumbulpore to the poffeffions of Vincajee- 
 Bhoonflah. It v;as, however, laid down as a general rule for his
 
 212 MISTOIIY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 conducl:, that in cafe of a fortunate war againft the rajah of Berari 
 it was not the intention of the Britifh government to extend Britifli 
 regulations into that country, beyond the wcftcrn frontiers of Ram- 
 gour, Palomonc, Pachcte, and Midnaporc. 
 
 649. To execute thcfe inftruclions, Colonel Broughton, immcdi" 
 ately after his arrival on the frontiers, fent a confidential agent to 
 Kuhod-Govind, the foubahdar of Ruttunporc, and principal officer 
 of Vincajcc-Bhoonfiah in that dillrid, with orders to found the 
 foubahdar's difpofitions, and to concert with him, if he were favo- 
 rably difpofed to the Britifli government, the means of promoting 
 the reciprocal intcrefls of his mafter and the Britifli government. 
 Your honorable committee will obfcrve, by Colonel Brough ton's 
 letters of 12th April, No. 8, 34, 35, that this negotiation failed, for 
 the reafons to which that officer conocives he can attribute it. (Con- 
 ference, liJth April, No. 3 to 14.) 
 
 0.50. Conformably to his inftrudlions, Colonel Broughton, in like 
 manner, opened a negotiation with the Ranah of Sumbulpore, and 
 with other zemindars in that part of the country, who, on former 
 occafions, had fhown a defire to join their interefts to thofe of the 
 Britifli government. (l2th March, No. 27, 2/ A.) 
 
 051. Lieutenant-colonel Broughton having judged, by the intelli- 
 gence which he received, that the polfeffion of the fort of Sumbul- 
 pore, occupied by the troops of the rajah of Berar, was entitled to his 
 firfl: attention, and having received news from Sumbulpore, which 
 could not but encourage him, he refolved to advance, in that diredlion, 
 without lofs of time; (Conference, 12th April, No. 8, 15, 22, 23.) 
 and having made his dii'pofitions for the defence of that part of the 
 frontiers, which the advancing detachment would leave uncovered, 
 he quitted the pofition he had occupied, at the commencement of the 
 month of December. (Conference 12th November, No. 11, 13.) Be-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVLRNMENT IN INDIA. 2l3 
 
 fore Colonel Broughton had paflcd the Timits of the company's pof- 
 feflions, he was joined by two corps of irregular troops, commanded 
 refpciflively by rajah Futtch-Narain-Sing, proprietor of a zcmindary 
 in the (aftrid; of Bahar, and by an adventurer of the name of Bhoop- 
 Sing, who had been many years in the fervice of the Bcrar Rajah, 
 and who, by his local information, might be very ufcful to Colonel 
 Broughton. Thefe two chiefs accompanied Colonel Broughton with 
 their troops, in his march to Sumbulpore. (Conference 1 2th April, 
 No. Q, and 13 to Hj.) 
 
 652. Seeing that the route which he had intended to take towards 
 Sumbulpore, was not pradicablc for the artillery, on account of the 
 difficulties oppofed by the defiles, Colonel Broughton was obliged to 
 change the direction of his march, and to cut a way for his cannon 
 acrofs a foreft of confiderable extent. (Conference. 12th April, No. IQ, 
 20.) 
 
 053. On the 20th December, Lieutenant- colonel Broughton re- 
 ceived a letter from the rajah of Ryeghur, proprietor of a very con- 
 fiderable zemindary, dependent on Sumbulpore, wherein he aflured 
 him, of the friendly difpofition of the chiefs and inhabitants of that 
 country towards the Britifli government. (Conference, 12th April, 
 No. 22, 23.) 
 
 654. On the evening of the 2Sth December, Colonel Broughton 
 fent a party of his troops, under the command of Lieutenant Higgott, 
 to deftroy a corps of Mahrattas, who occupied a fmall poll in his 
 front ; but Lieutenant Hlggott's guides having gone altray, he could 
 not reach the Mahratta port until fome time after funrife on the 29th. 
 He immediately attacked the enemy, and put him to flight with fome 
 lofs on the fide of the enemy. 
 
 E E
 
 2U HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 655. On the 31ft December, after a moft difficult and fatiguing 
 march acrofs a country which prefented innumerable obftacles to the 
 troops, Colonel Broughton arrived before the fortrefs of Sumbulpore 
 (conference 12th April, No. 20, 2/, 28, 3o), and immediately fent a 
 lummons to the garrifon. After a fhort parley the troops compofmg 
 the garrifon agreed to evacuate the fort, on condition that they fliould 
 retain their arms and effedls, and that they as well as their families 
 fliould be protefted by theBritifh detachments againft the inhabitants 
 of the country, whofe vengeance might expofe them to the greatcft 
 dangers. The garrifon, on its part, promifed not to bear arms againft 
 the Brltifh troops during the war. Thefe conditions were accepted, 
 and the fort evacuated on the evening of the 2nd of January ; and 
 agreeably to his promife, Colonel Broughton detached a party of his 
 troops to protect the garrifon during its march in the province of 
 Sumbulpore. 
 
 650. For the details of the circumftances which accompanied the 
 redu6llon of Sumbulpore, the Governor-general has the honour to re- 
 fer your honourable committee to the difpatches of Lieutenant-colonel 
 Broughton, dated the 3rd and gth January. (Conference 12th April, 
 No. 20, 27.) 
 
 Q57. The Governor-general fully approved of the zeal and per- 
 feverance which had been manifefted by Lieutenant-colonel Brough- 
 ton and his detachment in their march to Sumbulpore, as v\ell as of 
 the conditions on which Colonel Broughton had permitted the 
 Mahratta garrifon of Sumbulpore to evacuate the fort. (Conference 
 12th April, No. 28.) 
 
 058. On the 8th January, Colonel Broughton detached a company 
 of fcpoys and 1000 irregular troops under Lieutenant Fountain, to 
 difpcrfe a body of Mahratta troops which was pillaging the country
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 2U 
 
 in the direcflion of Soncpore. His detachment completely fucceedcd 
 in its expedition, and by the affiftancc of the troops of the Rajah of 
 the country, difperfed and deftroyed the only Mahratta forces which 
 wcrcjcft between the frontier of Cuttack and the province of Ruttun- 
 pore. (Conference 12th April, No. 32, 33.) 
 
 O59. Some time after the redu6lion of Sumbulpore, Lieutenant- 
 colonel Broughton received aflurances, on the part of all the Zemindars 
 of that province, and the neighbouring diftrid: of Patna, by thcmfelves 
 or their reprefentatives : they therein exprcfled their joy at having 
 been delivered from the oppreflion of the Mahratta government, and 
 cxprefled their difpoiition to conclude any arrangement which the 
 Britifli government fliould find it advifable to adopt on the fubjedl 
 of the adminittrations of thofe provinces. (Conference 12th April, 
 No. 3Q.) 
 
 GOo On the 25 th January, Lieutenant-colonel Broughton received, 
 from Fort William, the firfl intelligence of the conclufion of peace 
 w ith the Rajah of Berar, and the orders of the Governor-general to 
 ceafc every hoftile meafure againfl that chief. 
 
 OOl. Your honourable committee will fee by Colonel Broughton's 
 difpatches (Confultations 12th April, No. 46, 98) thofe diftindt 
 offers of fubmifTion to the Britifh government, and the defire of 
 transferring thereto the homage of fidelity which they had long and 
 reluctantly rendered to the Rajah of Berar, communicated by feveral 
 chiefs and zemindars, whofe names are contained in the lifl annexed 
 to Colonel Broughton's difpatches, (Confultations 12th April, No. 40) 
 dated 2()th January. You will therein alfo fee that Colonel 
 Broughton, before he had been apprifed that peace had been con- 
 cluded, had given them the pofitive and unequivocal afTurance that they 
 ihould be delivered from the authority of the Mahratta government- 
 
 E E 2
 
 gig nrSTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 and received under the Britifli protedion. The important queftion 
 which has arifcn in regard to the validity of the engagements con- 
 trafted by the treaty of Drogaum, and the decifion of the Govern or- 
 p-eneral thereon, will be reported to your honourable committee in our 
 feparate difpatches concerning the peace. 
 
 662. Lieutenant- colonel Broughton was defired in the mean while 
 to maintain himfelf in his pofition at Sumbulpore, until further orders. 
 (Confultations 12th April, No. 57.) 
 
 OQ3. Your honourable committee will obferve by the inftruftions 
 given to Mr. Mercer, dated 22nd July, 1803, the fubftance of which 
 is contained in the 322nd paragraph of this difpatch, that the Go- 
 vernor-general had thought it would be advantageous to the fecurity 
 of the interefts of the Britifh government, to attach to it Ajeet-Sing, 
 chief of Bogailkund, or Rewah-Mukundporc, by a precautionary mea- 
 fure refulting from the plan for the defence of the company's frontiers, 
 and of theprojeft which the Governor-general had refolved to purfue 
 in Bundelcund. For the purpofe of completing the execution of this 
 plan, a detachment of Britifli troops was aflembled on the frontiers of 
 Revvah, with the defign of fruflrating every attempt of the enemy to 
 penetrate, by that diftrift, into the province of Benares. The defiles 
 to the fouth of Rewah, between that country and the ftates of the 
 Berar Rajah, being more capable of defence than thofe on the imme- 
 diate frontiers of the Britifli pofl^eflTions, the commander in chief, by 
 virtue of the powers with which the Governor-general had inverted 
 him, gave an order to the agent of the Governor-general at Benares, 
 to make every exertion to prevail on the Rajah of Berar to permit the 
 Britifli troops to enter his territory, for the purpofe of occupying the 
 defiles in quefliion. (Conference 3rd March, No. 15.) 
 
 OG4. The commander in chief having received information (Con-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 217 
 
 ferencc 2nd September, No. 29) which led him to believe that the 
 Rajah of Rewah was difpofed to join his Intcrefts to thofe of the 
 company, fcnt to the magirtrate of Mirzaporc the plan of a treaty of 
 alliance between that chief and the Britifh government, to be laid 
 before Ajeet-Sing, on conditions favourable to the rajah's intereflis, 
 and to the fuccefs of the Governor-general's defigns on the Rcwak 
 dillria. 
 
 665. Thefe propofitions were tranfmitted to the rajah by the 
 magiftrate of Mu-zapore, on the 22nd Odober. (Conference 29th 
 December, No. ly, 19 A.) 
 
 006. In the month of November fome of Ajeet-Sing's fubjeds 
 having joined a body of partifans which was plundering the diflrid: of 
 Khynghur in the ceded provinces, and having pofleffed itfelf of the 
 fort of Choukundee, fituate on the frontiers of that diftrlft, a detach- 
 ment of Britifh troops was fent agalnft them, (Conference 2nd March, 
 No. iSO to 1 89) and his excellency the commander in chief ordered 
 Major-general Dean, who commanded on the Mirzapore frontier, to 
 prepare to enter the territory of Ajeet-Sing, with the troops under 
 him, in cafe the rajah were privy to the violent and Inexcufable adts 
 ot his fubjefts and their accomplices. (Conference 3rd March, 
 No. 154, 155.) 
 
 667. After a daring, but unfuccefsful attempt on the fort of 
 Choukundee, that place was evacuated by the garrifon on the night 
 of the 21th November, and the diftridl of Khynghur reftored to tran- 
 quillity. (Conference 22nd May, No. I90 to ig4.) 
 
 668. The chiefs of the party of marauders having taken refuge in 
 Rewah, Mr. Burges, the magiftrate of Mirzapore, addrefled a letter to 
 Ajeet-Sing, by which he demanded, as a proof of his attachment to
 
 218 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 the Brltifh government, to arreft and deliver up thcfe individuals. 
 (Conference 29th December, No. 23.) In anfwer to fevcral com- 
 munications from Mr. Mercer, the rajah Aject-Sing repeated his pro- 
 teffcations of amity towards the Britilh government, but gave no de- 
 cifive anfwer to the propofitions which had been made to him. 
 
 669. The projecfl of concluding the treaty in queftion with Ajeet- 
 Sing was brought to no point ; but the Governor-general in council 
 did not on that account think he ought to fuppofe Ajeet-Sing inimi- 
 cal to the Britifh government : the age and incapacity of the rajah, 
 the weak and tottering firate of his government and the country, 
 fufficiently prove that they alone wxrc the caufc of his indecifion. 
 
 670. The Governor- general will now fubmit to your honourable 
 committee a fketch of the meafures adopted for occupying the pro- 
 vince of Cuttack, and the fubftance of the inftrudions given to the 
 different officers employed in that important miflion. The com- 
 mand of the principal divifion of the troops deftined to a<fl hoftilely 
 againft Cuttack, was confided to JLieutenant-colonel Campbell of his 
 Majefty's 74th regiment, commanding the northern divifion of the 
 array of Fort St. George. 
 
 671. Lieutenant-colonel Campbell was ordered to colledl a force 
 of 1500 natives at Gunjam, and to augment it as much as the tran- 
 quillity of the northern circars would permit. A corps compofed of 
 two companies of his Majefly's 22nd regiment of foot, and Ooo men 
 from the 20th Bengal regiment, with the artillery, was fent by fea 
 from Bengal to Gunjam, to reinforce Colonel Campbell. Captain 
 Blunt, a very experienced able officer, infpedlor of the province of 
 Cuttack, and who poiTcflcd much local knowledge, accompanied the 
 detachment from Bengal. The united forces aficmbled at Gunjam 
 under Lieutenant-colonel Campbell's orders, and confillcd of 0O5 Eu-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 219 
 
 ropeans of the king's and company's troops, 2200 fepoys, and a party 
 of native cavalry confiding of 50 men. 
 
 072. Lieutenant- colonel Campbell's orders were to enter the pro- 
 vince of Cuttack with thefe forces, and to go to Jaguernaut. (Con- 
 ference ift March, No. 'lO.) 
 
 073. Lieutenant-colonel Campbell on paffing the frontiers, was 
 charged to make ufe of all pofiTible means to conciliate the inha- 
 bitants ; and a proclamation was fent for him to promulgate, pro- 
 mlfing every protection and indulgence to thofe who fhould not take 
 up arms againffc the Britifli troops, and exhorting the Inhabitants not 
 to quit their refped;ive occupations, but to repofe, with entire fccu- 
 rity, upon the Britifli protedllon. Colonel Campbell's attention was 
 direded, in a particular manner, to the fltuation of the pilgrims who 
 pafTed to and from Jaguernaut. He was reccommended to grant 
 them the greareft protedlon, and to fhew them the utmoft attention. 
 He was likewlfe ordered, on his arrival at Jaguernaut, to ufe every 
 poffible precaution for maintaining the refped due to the pagodas and 
 to the religious prejudices of the pilgrims, and to furnlfh the brahmins 
 with guards, and all the means of prote6lion and fecurity which they 
 might afk. Lieutenant-colonel Campbell's inftrudlons likewlfe en- 
 joined him not to interfere with the eflabllflied fyflem of the admlnif^ 
 tration of the temple of Jaguernaut, and to affure the brahmins that 
 no tribute nor revenue beyond what they had been accuflomed to pay 
 to the Mahratta gx)vernment fhould be required of them. Colonel 
 Campbell, however, was ordered not to enter into any engagement 
 that might place an obflacle to the arrangements which it might 
 afterwards be thought neceffary to make for the reformation of abufes 
 and vexations. 
 
 674. Colonel Campbell was particularly enjoined to take notice
 
 2?0 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 that no property of the pagoda, priefts and officers of religious inftitu- 
 tions, was confidered as lawful capture ; that the Britilh officers could 
 not appropriate any fuch property, and that no one ffiould be per- 
 nilttcd to enter the facred edifices unlefs with the exprefs permiffion 
 of the brahmins. 
 
 0;5, Lieutenant colonel Campbell, after having left forces fuffi- 
 cient at Jaguernaut, under the command of an officer on whom he 
 could rely for the fi;rl6l execution of thefe meafures, had orders to pro- 
 ceed to Cuttack to reduce that town and fort. 
 
 6/6. The primary objeft to which the Lieutenant-colonel was to 
 diredl his attention after the redudlion of Cuttack, was to open a 
 communication to provide a free pafTage between Mldnapore and 
 Jelapore, and for the malls between Ganjam and Calcutta, and to be 
 upon his guard againfl any furprife on the fide of Nagpore. 
 
 677. It was fignlfied to Lieutenant-colonel Campbell that it was 
 the intention of the Governor-general to fend troops by fea to Bala- 
 fbre, for the occupation of that place, as foon as he was informed of 
 Colonel Campbell's arrival before Cuttack ; and that a battalion of 
 fepoys fhould march from Jellapore, as foon as the feafon would per- 
 mit, to join his army. 
 
 678. The Governor- general alfo thought it right to give to 
 Lieutenant-colonel Campbell lnflru6llons to guide him in the com- 
 munications he might have with the chiefs and zemindars of Cuttack 
 and the adjacent country. It was fuppofed that fcveral powerful 
 zemindars at Cuttack had made themfelves independent of the autho- 
 rity of the Mahrattas, and only obeyed it partially. The refident chiefs 
 in the dlflrids contiguous, were cither independent of or tributary to 
 the Mahratta authority. Colonel Campbell was ordered to require the
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 221 
 
 fubmiffion, to the Britlfli government, of the revolted Zemindars, and 
 to treat with the independent or tributary chiefs who might have it in 
 their power to clog his operations, by flattering their interefts without 
 requiring their abfolute fubmiffion to the Britifh authority. 
 
 O/Q. A civil commiflioner was appointed to accompa«iy the arhiv, 
 to organize the province, and aflifl the officer commanding the troops 
 in his negociations with the officers and fubjecSs of the rajah of Berar. 
 He was furniflied with fcparate inflrudions for the regulation of liis 
 conduft. (Conference Ifl: March, No. 1.) The firfl duty with which 
 Mr. Melvill, the appointed civil commiflioner, was charged, was the 
 progreflive organization of the revenues of Cuttack, feeing that the 
 approach of the Britifli troops muft put that province under our autho- 
 rity. The commiflioner was alfo ordered to organize the conquered 
 countries, in concert with the perfons he might find aftually charged 
 with the adminiftration of the country. The Governor-general having 
 refolved, as foon as pofTible, to introduce the fyflem of Britifli laws 
 and regulations into Cuttack, ordered the commiflTary to direft all his 
 operations according to fuch intention ; to apprife the inhabitants that 
 the Britifh government intended to admit them to all the advantages 
 of its laws, and to fliow the different benefits which would accrue to 
 them by the introduction of fo jufl and mild a lyflem of government. 
 The revenues muft be at firft fixed for the term of one year, but the 
 •quota to be colleAed was not invariably determined. Mr. Melvill 
 was, however, to ftop at a moderate taxation, fo as to attach to us the 
 parties with whom he had the arrangements to make, and to convince 
 the rajahs and chiefs of the ftability of the new arrangements. He was 
 alfo inflrufted to procure all the information poffible in regard to the 
 temple at Jaguernaut, on the nature and extent of the rights ordinarilv 
 levied thereon, and the amount of the revenues which the Mahratta 
 government derived from that fource, and to provide fecurity for the 
 regular payment of thofe revenues. The inftruftions given on this 
 
 F F
 
 222 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 fubjecH: to Lieutenant- colonel Campbell were communicated to Mr. 
 Melvill, as were thofe given to that officer refpeding the negotiation 
 with the officers and fubje<5ts of the Mahratta government. Mr. 
 Melvill alfo received perfonal inftruiftion on this part of his miffion. 
 Mr. Melvill was finally ordered to take charge of the receipts of Cut- 
 tack after its reduftion ; and two of the Bengal civil fervants were ap- 
 pointed to affift him in that employment. 
 
 680. In confidering the extent and adivity of the armaments and 
 military operations directed againft Cuttack, the little hope remaining 
 to the officers of the Berar government of a fortunate refiflance to the 
 Britifh arms, and the charatler of thcfc officers and the Mahratta 
 government, the Governor-general thought it proper to authorise 
 Lieutenant-colonel Campbell and Mr. Melvill to open a negotiation 
 with the adminiftration of Cuttack, for the Mahratta government ; 
 with a view to effcA a peaceable furrender of the province to the Britifh 
 authority, on condition that they fhould receive a permanent penfion 
 or a fum of money from the Britifli government. His excellency the 
 Governor-general confequently addrefTed letters to the two individuals 
 who exercifed the firfl authority at Cuttack, and ordered Lieutenant- 
 colonel Campbell and Mr. Melvill to forward thefe letters to their 
 addrcfles, and to open a negotiation with the perfons to whom they 
 were addrcfled ; they were authorlfed to offer to each of the principal 
 Mahratta officers a fum of money, neverthelefs, not exceeding two 
 lacs of rupees. Similar negotiations were alfo to be fct on foot with 
 all thofe whofe fituation and influence held out the means of facilita- 
 ting the peaceful occupation of the province of Cuttack by the Britifli 
 troops. Duplicata and triplicata were tranfmitted of the letters def- 
 tined for the adminiflrators of Cuttack, to the officers commandina; 
 the expedition againfl Balafore, and the troops which advanced from 
 the fide of Jellafore, and to tranfmit the anfvvcr to the officer com-.- 
 manding the divifion on its march coming from Gunjam.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 223 
 
 G81. The Governor-general received a letter from one of the mod 
 eminent pundics of Bengal, (conference ift March, No. 12) addreffed 
 to the principal brahmins of Jaguernaut, by which he encouraged 
 them to put themfelves, as well as the tempb, under the Britifli pro- 
 teftion. This letter was fent to Lieutenant-colonel Campbell and 
 Mr. Melvill, with unlimited inftrudions relative to the time and mode 
 of its delivery. 
 
 082. In confequence of a ferious illnefs which endangered Lieute- 
 nant-colonel Campbell's life, (conference ill; March, No. 5 3) and 
 ■which prevented that zealous and able officer from going with the 
 army to Cuttack, the Governor-general fent Lieutenant-colonel Har- 
 court of the 12th regiment of foot, military fecretary to his excellency, 
 to Gunjam to take the command of the expedition. Colonel Harcourt 
 arrived at Gunjam on the 1 1th September, and took the command of 
 the troops. (Conference ift March, No. 55.) Lieutenant-colonel 
 Campbell's health being reflored, he found himfcif in a ftate to accom- 
 pany the expedition. 
 
 G83. On the ift September the Governor-general having been in- 
 formed (conference ift March, No. 51) by intelligence from Gunjam 
 (ibid. No. 25 3) that it was neceffary to enable Lieutenant-colonel 
 Campbell to reinforce his troops, fent from Fort William, by fca, under 
 Captain Dick's orders, 500 volunteers from Bengal to Gunjam, with 
 their heavy artillery and ftores, for Colonel Campbell, This corps was 
 intended to occupy Balafore. — Colonel Campbell was authorifed 
 either to detain or fend it forward to its firft deftination. (Conference 
 ift March, No. 51.) Captain Dick arrived on the coaft too late in the 
 fcafon to be able to effed: a jundion with the army at Cuttack, and he 
 fublequently received an order from Colonel Harcourt (ibid. No. 81) 
 to go to Fort St. George, from whence he was lent to Trincomalee to 
 reinforce the Britifli troops in the ifland of Ceylon. 
 
 F F 2
 
 224 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 684. The deftination of Captain Dick's corps having been changed, 
 another detachment of 500 volunteers, and 21 artillerymen with four 
 flx-poHnders, were got ready to fet off for Balafbre, under the orders of 
 Captain Morgan of the /th Bengal regiment. This detachment was 
 provided with an ample fupply of flores. 
 
 085. Captain Morgan's detachment was ordered to repair to Balafore, 
 with the greatcft diligence, in tranfports which were ready to take 
 them on board. (Conference ift March, No. 208.) To avoid the 
 delay which the difficult navigation of the Balafore river would have 
 occafioned, and to furmount the obftacle which Captain Morgan would 
 thereby have met in his paffage, by working up towards the town of 
 Balafore, an experienced pilot was given to Captain Morgan for the 
 navigation of that river. 
 
 686. Captain Morgan's orders were to go up the river to the towr^ 
 of Balafore, and difembark there. He was authorifed to effed his 
 paffage, as well as the disembarkation of his detachment, even by force 
 if it were neceffary ; he was, neverthelefs, to endeavour to avoid hofti- 
 lities, and take peaceable poffeffion of the city. Captain Morgan, 
 after having obtained poffeffion of Balafore, and fecured his poft by all 
 poffible means, had orders to do every thing that depended on him to 
 maintain a free paffage for the transport of the mails ; and, in cafe that 
 his interference were neceffary, to fupport the officers charged with the 
 defence of the pofts, by furnifliing them with guards and all the means 
 of fafety compatible with the fecurity of his own detachment, 
 
 687. It was, in addition, pointed out to him to promife protecHiion 
 and fafety to all the inhabitants of Balafore and its environs; to 
 prevent every exccfs on the part of his troops, and to avoid every 
 a<5t of violence. It was not omitted to be remarked to Captain 
 Morgan of the importance of maintaining himfclf in the pofition at
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA, 295 
 
 Balafor-j and he was ordered to be prepared to rcfift, by every means, 
 wha-ever attempt might be made to diflodge him.. 
 
 688. He was hkewiie defired to lofe no time in opening a com- 
 munication with the detachment which was advancing to Jelafore, 
 and to accelerate his march by detaching parties of his troops in that 
 direction, as far as he thought he could do it with prudence. The offi- 
 cers commanding thofe detachments were to receive particular in- 
 llru6llons, and a fpecial order to conduct thcmfclves mildly and with 
 kindnefs towards the inhabitants of the country. Captain Morgan 
 was further ordered to do all in his power to open a communication 
 with the officer commanding the divifion which was coming from 
 Gunjam as foon as he learnt the arrival of that divifion before Cuttack, 
 and to employ his- utmoft means to keep open the communication 
 with Balafore in either dire<5lion. It was particularly recommended 
 to Captain Morgan's attention to look to thcfafety of the pilgrims paff- 
 ing to and from Jaguernaut, and he was enjoined to give them every 
 affiftance that he could. 
 
 689. Cannon, ammunition and camp equipage for the eventual 
 ufe of the detachment coming from Jelafore, under the command of 
 Captain Morgan, was fent to Balafore. The Governor-general thought 
 it proper to addrefs letters to the officers of the Mahratta govern- 
 ment at Balafore (confultation ifl March, No, 211) for the purpofe of 
 obtaining their co-operation with the Britiffi government, and to iend 
 them to Captain Morgan, with an order to remit them when he 
 might think it proper. Letters, figned by the Governor-general, were 
 alfo tranlmitted,furthe purpofe of addreffing and fendins them tofbme 
 other officers of the Mahratta government on whom they might make 
 a favourable impreffion. 
 
 C)QO The Governor-general having been informed (confultations 
 ift March, No. 20g) that a conlidcrable number of Patan adventurers,.
 
 226 MISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 natives of the honorable Company's and the Nabob- Vizier's fta*-es, was 
 employed by the Mahratta government in Cuttack, and judging that 
 a corps, iormed of individuals of that temper, might be ufeful in pio- 
 tefting the country againft marauders, ,or in any other fervice of that 
 kind, whilft on the other hand it was material to deprive the enemy of 
 an ufeful corps of troops, authorifed Captain Morgan to raife a corps 
 of irregular cavalry, which fliould not furpafs -500 men, and which 
 fliould be formed of individuals born in the company's ftates, and in 
 thofe of the Nabob Vizier. The conditions of their fervices were to 
 be regulated by thofe fixed by Major Frith, when he had authority 
 to raife a corps of irregular cavalry in the upper provinces. They have 
 been communicated to your honorable committee by the military 
 department. 
 
 691. The Governor-general being of opinion that the fervices of 
 Captain P. Grant (confultation ]il March, No. 208, 225), of the 
 22d native regiment of the 2d battalion of the Bengal eftablifliment, 
 might be ierviceable in Cuttack, ordered that officer to accompany 
 Captain Morgan to Balafore, to aflill him by his local information in 
 the province of Cuttack, and particularly in the city and environs of 
 Balafore, to execute the Governor-general's orders. He was in like 
 manner charged, under the dired:ion of Captain Morgan, with the 
 formation and dlfcipline of a corps of irregular cavalry, which Cap- 
 tain Morgan had orders to fet on foot. (Confultations ifl March, 
 No, 200.) 
 
 O92. Captain Grant was ordered (confultations ift March, No, 
 208, 255), as foon as his prefence at Balafore could be difpenfed with, 
 to join the detachment coming from Jelafore, fo as to contribute, by 
 all his means, to facilitate the march of that detachment. The 
 officer commanding that detachment was, according to his inflruc- 
 tions, to follow the advice of Captain Grant. (Ibid. No. 171.)
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 227 
 
 G93. The officer commanding the poft of Midnapore had orders 
 to reinforce the ftation on the frontiers of Jelafore with three com- 
 panies of fepoys; and, according to orders fubfequcntly given to him, 
 he was to fend a whole battalion of fepoys and artillery to Jelafofc, 
 with the view of advancing to Cuttack, as foon as the feafon and 
 fiiate of the country would permit that movement to be made. This 
 battalion was joined by a detachment of the Governor-general's body 
 guards, with two pieces of light artillery. Particular inlbudlions 
 were given (confultations ill: March, No. 12(), 131, 177), under the 
 immediate authority of the Governor-general, to Lieutenant-colonel 
 Fergufon, the officer commanding the battalion which marched to 
 Jelafore, for the guidance of his condud after ho ffiould have pene- 
 trated into the province of Cuttack. He was ordered to enter Cut- 
 tack as foon as he was informed that the fituation of the country 
 between Jelafore and Balafore would permit him to advance without 
 danger, and afterwards to go with the utmoft diligence to Balafore, 
 As the bad ftate of the roads might have prevented the tranfport of 
 artillery, Lieutenant-colonel Fergufon was authorized, in cafe it 
 ffiould be altogether impoffible to tranfport his cannon, to leave 
 them behind, as well as all the camp equipage which he could not 
 take with him. The cannon and camp equipage had been already 
 fent to Balafore for the eventual ufe of Lieutenant-colonel Fergufon's 
 detachment, as has been already reported to your honorable com- 
 mittee in the OSQth paragraph of this difpatch. (Confultation 
 ill March, No. 108.) 
 
 O94. Lieutenant-colonel Fergufon received the fame orders which 
 had been given to the other officers employed in the reduction of 
 Cuttack, relative to the condud: he was to obferve for the purpofe of 
 conciliating the inhabitants-of the country. (Confultations 1 ft March, 
 No. 171-) The infljuftions of the Governor-general to Lieutenant- 
 colonel Fergufon wxre communicated to Colonel Fenwick, who
 
 22S HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 commanded the poft of Midnapore (confultatlons 3 ft March, No. 
 ]3J); and that officer had orders to afllrt Lieutenant-colonel Fcr- 
 gufon, with all his power, to enable him to execute the orders of the 
 Governor^general. Colonel Fenwick was likewiie ordered to hold 
 his corps ready to march on the firft intelligence, left it fhould be 
 necelTary to fuccour Lieutenant-colonel Fergufon's detachment, or 
 to protect the trontiers of Midnapore, the defence of which was 
 confided to Colonel Fenwick. The Governor-general previoufly ac- 
 quainted Colonel Fenwick, that his intention was to reinforce, by 
 degrees, the poft of Midnapore, with the troops which he fhould 
 march from Fort William. (Confultations ift March, No. 127.) 
 
 6q5. Suppofmg that Captain Morgan might take pofteffion of 
 Balaforc before Lieutenant-colonel Fergufon's arrival at Jelafore 
 (confultations ift March, No. 130, 210), the Governor-general au- 
 thorifed Captain Morgan to require, for the fervice, two or three com- 
 panies ftationed at Jelafore (excluftvely of Lieutenant-colonel Fer- 
 gufon's battalion), for the purpofe of occupying the defiles between 
 Jelafore and Balafore. This arrangement had nothing to do with 
 the movement of Lieutenant-colonel Fergufon, whofe march to Ba- 
 lafore was not to be ftopped on account of the previous occupation of 
 the defiles between Balafore and Jelafore, in conformity to Captain 
 Morgan's inftruftions. It was recommended to Colonel Fenwick to 
 defire the officer commanding at Jelafore (confulations ift March, 
 No. 130), to obey the requifition which might be made for him to 
 advance upon Cuttack, by the officer commanding the divifion coming 
 from Gunjam, who was authorifed to order two or three companies 
 ftationed at Jelafore to join him. 
 
 OqG. The troops affembled at Midnapore, under Colonel Fen- 
 wick's orders, were intended, as foon as hoftilities fhould com- 
 mence, to occupy the Mahratta diftrids north-eaft of the river
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 229 
 
 Socfeurnrceka, and the Mahratta territory intermixed with the Britifli 
 poffeflions in the province of Midnapore. 
 
 C97. It appeared to the Governor-general, that the combined 
 fyfl-'^m of operations here above developed muft bring on the fpeedy 
 redu<flion of the rich province of Cuttack under the authority of the 
 Britifh government. 
 
 698. The Governor-general has already had the honour to com- 
 municate to your honorable committee the fuccefs of the Britifh 
 army in Cuttack, conformably to the difpofitions above-mentioned 
 (confultations 1 ft March, No. 40 to 85, 127 to 160, 171 to 206, 
 207 to 235, 253 to 254 A, 255 to 20o). For the different details 
 of thele operations, the Governor-general refers your honorable com- 
 mittee to the correfpondence with Lieutenant-colonel Harcourt, and 
 the officers commanding the different detachments of Britifh troops 
 employed in the invafion of Cuttack. 
 
 699. After the capture of Fort Barrabutty (confultations 1 ft March, 
 No. 70), as we have communicated by our letter, dated 30th Odober, 
 Colonel Harcourt was occupied in deftroying the remaining Mahratta 
 troops, who retreated precipitately from the province of Cuttack, 
 and in providing for the fafety of the frontiers on the Berar fide. 
 With that view. Colonel Harcourt immediately fcnt a fmall corps 
 compofed of native cavalry, a company of Madras European infantry, 
 and a Madras battalion of native infantry, befides a detachment of 
 matroffes, and two fix-pounders, under the orders of Major Forbe?, 
 of the Madras eitablifliment (confultations ift March, No. 87, 83), to 
 the defile of Bcrmuth, which forms the only entrance into the province 
 of Cuttack, acrofs the chain of mountains which feparatcs it from the 
 ftates of the rajah of Berar. The Governor-general has the honor to 
 
 G G ,
 
 «Q HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 refer your honorable committee to Colonel Harcourt's difpatctfcs, 
 dated 20th Odober, where your -honorable committee will fee the 
 inftrudions given to Major Forbes, to a£l in confequence. 
 
 700. Major Forbes arrived at the defile of Bermuth on the 2d 
 November, and made fuch difpofitions of his troops as rendered him 
 mafter of it. The detachment was received in its march by the 
 Zemindars, and inhabitants of the country, with all the proofs pof- 
 fible of their attachment to the Britifh government, and it was 
 amply provided with all forts of provifions. The" enemy, in his 
 retreat, efcaped acrofs the mountains, before the arrival of the 
 detachment under Major Forbes. (Confultations liT: March, No. 
 92, 93.) It is probable that they have fuftered exceffively in their 
 flight from the inhabitants of the different countries through which 
 they were obliged to pafs, and who were all infinitely incenfed againft 
 the Mahratta government. (Confultations 12Lh April, No. 15.) 
 
 701. Soon after Major Forbes's arrival at the defile of Bermuth, 
 vakeels from the rajah of Bood and the ranah of Sonepore came to 
 find him, oiFerlng to fubmit themfclves to the Britifli government, 
 and foliciting to be taken \inder its prote<flion. Major Forbes referred 
 thefe propofitions to be fubmlttcd to the authority of Colonel Har- 
 court. (Confultations ill: March, No. los to in.) The report of 
 the progrefs and refult of thefe negotiations will be communicated to 
 your honorable committee in the following paragraphs of this dif- 
 patch. 
 
 702. The honorable Major-general Wellefley having formed a plan 
 for the invafion of the reft of the ftates of the Berar rajah, in cafe the 
 war with that chief fhoiWd proceed, the Governor-general commanded 
 that a confidcrable detachment fliould march from Cuttack, throiigh.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVEIINMENT IN INDIA. 231 
 
 the-' defile of Bermuth, in the poflcflion of the rajah of Berar, to 
 co-operate with the troops which Major-general Wellefley had de- 
 tached in Berar. The detachment at Cuttack was equipped with 
 great promptitude and adlivity by Lieutenant-colonel Harcourt (con- 
 fultations ift March, No. 11 0) ; and it was ready to purfue its march 
 when the conclufion of the treaty of Deogaum p,ut an end to all hof- 
 tile operations againft the rajah of Berar. 
 
 703. Your honorable committee has been informed, by our letter 
 of -the 3lft Odtober, 1803, of the march of the detachment under 
 Lieutenant-colonel Fcrgufon's orders, which, from Balafore, was to 
 join Colonel Harcourt. (Confultations ift March, No. Q].) This 
 detachment arrived in the environs of Cuttack on the 20th October ; 
 Lieutenant-colonel Fergufon was well received every where on his 
 march from Balafore to Cuttack, and derived every poffible affiftancc 
 from the inhabitants. 
 
 704. After Colonel Fergufon's march to Cuttack, Captain Morgan, 
 ■who was left at the head of the Britifh detachment at Balafore, fuc- 
 cefsfully exerted hlmfelf in maintaining good order, and fecuring the 
 newly-eftablifned authority of the Britifli government in the country 
 adjacent. He was afterwards employed with advantage in procuring 
 cattle and corn for the troops intended to leave Cuttack under Lieu- 
 tenant-colonel Harcourt, to co-operate in the invallon of Berar. 
 (Confultations ift March, No. 230 to 252.) 
 
 705. Your honorable committee has been informed, by our letter 
 of the 25th December, that the detachment under Lieutenant-colonel 
 Fergufon, which was advancing to Cuttack, coming from Jelafore, 
 had been fupported by a force affembled at Midnapore, under the 
 orders of Colonel Fenwlck, the officer charged with the defence of 
 
 G G 2 •' '-
 
 232 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 the frontiers of Mldnapore agalnft incurfions which might be made 
 from the Mahratta territory. 
 
 706. Immediately after the commencement of hoftilities againfr 
 the rajah of Berar, Colonel Fenwick, in concert with Mr. Earnft, 
 magiftrate of Midnapore, took pofleffion of the diftrids under the 
 authority of the Mahratta government, fituate to the north-weft of 
 Sooburnreeka, and intermingled with the company's pofTeflions in 
 the province of Midnapore. Mr. Earnft contradled with the pro- 
 prietors of thefe diftrids, engagements, (confultations ift March, No. 
 144), in virtue of which, the homage of fidelity was transferred to 
 the company. The poft of Colonel Fenwick at Midnapore was gra- 
 dually reinforced by the troops of the prefidency (of Madras), and by 
 the fame difpofitions, they reinforced, in like manner, the troops 
 ftationed at Cuttack (confultations 29th of December, No. 31, 38: 
 idem ift March, No. lOl, 1O9, 1/0). 
 
 707. The Governor-general is now about to report to your honor- 
 able Committee the progrefs of the negotiations prefcribed by the in- 
 ftrudions of the Governor-general, given to Lieutenant-colonel Camp- 
 bell and Mr. Melvill, in order to facilitate the military operations in 
 that part of the pofleffions belonging to the rajah of Berar. 
 
 708. The execution of thefe inftrudions were committed to Lieu- 
 tenant-colonel Harcourt and Mr. Melvill, who took all the neccflary 
 fteps for obtaining pofleffion of Cuttack by negotiations with the offi- 
 cers exercifing authority in that province under the rajah of Berar. 
 (Confultations ift March, No. II or 22.) The Governor- general 
 has the honor to refer your honorable Committee to the letters of Mr. 
 Melvill, noted in the margin, for the detail of the meafurcs which 
 were employed with fuccefs by Lieutenant- colonel Harcourt and Mr. 
 Melvill on this fubje<it.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 233 
 
 709. The fpecdy rcdudion of the fort of Barrabutty, and the facility 
 •with which all the province of Cuttack was fubdued to the authority 
 of the Britifli government, rendered ufelefs all further attempt to ne- 
 gotiate with the officers of the Mahratta government. 
 
 710. After the reduction of the fort of Cuttack the Governor- 
 general thought it proper to appoint, for the organization of the pro- 
 vince of Cuttack, acommiffion compofed of Lieutenant-colonel Har- 
 court and Mr. Mclvill. (General orders by the Governor-general in 
 council, igth Otlober.) M. Earnft, who had executed the functions of 
 magiflrate of Midnapore feme time before the commencement of the 
 war, was afterwards added to this commiffion. (Confultations 2Qth 
 December, No. 39.) 
 
 711. The commiffioners were ordered to dire(fl their attention, 
 particularly, to the means of cflablifliing an alliance with the rajahs in 
 the province of Cuttack and its environs, previoufly tributaries of the 
 rajah of Berar, and the fubmiffal of whom, to the authority of the 
 Britifli government, was necefTary for the tranquillity of our newly- 
 acquired poflelTions. 
 
 712. The rajah of Koorda, one of the mofl powerful among thofe 
 chiefs in the fouthern part of Cuttack, received conciliatory propor- 
 tions on the part of Lieutenant-colonel Harcourt and Mr. Melvill, 
 (confultations ifl March, No. 17 to 19) before the redudion of Cut- 
 tack, and an accommodation took place between them and was exe- 
 cuted at the beginning of the month of November. Engagements 
 were likewife contracted with the mjahs of Duspulla, Anzole, Hin- 
 dale, and Deckamul, whofe territories, (conlultations ifl March, 
 No. 28) together with thofe of the rajah of Koorda, are fituated in the 
 limits of the province of Cuttack. The fubflance of the engagements 
 contradled with thofe chiefs (for the details of which the Governor-
 
 231 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 general refers your honorable Committee to the minutes of the com- 
 miffioners dated 21 ft November, 1803) comprehends the acknow- 
 ledgment, on their part, of the honorable Company's authority, the 
 promife to pay to the Britifli government the tribute ftipulated, and 
 the obligation to affift the Company with troops if necelTary. (Con- 
 fultations ift March, No. 41 to 43.) They, befides, comprehend 
 other ftipulations, the tendency of which is the fafety of the police 
 and of the revenues of the (Company's contiguous pofleffions. The 
 Britifli government has, on its part, engaged never to demand an in- 
 creafe of tribute, and never to make any additional pecuniary demand 
 whatever. 
 
 713. Mention is made in the 70lft paragraph of this letter (con- 
 fultations ift March, No. 108 to 1 ! T. that overtures of an amicable 
 nature had been received from the chiefs of Boad and Sonepore, at the 
 commencement of the month of November. Similar overtures were 
 received from the rajah of Ramghur. Colonel Harcourt anfwered the 
 proportions of thofe chiefs in terms agreeably to the general inftruc- 
 tions which he had received, by announcing the fatisfadlion the Bri^ 
 tifli government derived from their offers of fubmiffion, and the dif- 
 pofition it had to grant them its prote£lion. To facilitate the nego- 
 tiations Lieutenant-colonel Harcourt fent feme vakeels to Boad, to 
 Ramghur, and to Sonepore. The commiffioners likevvife opened a 
 negotiation with the rajah of Boonjur, who poffefles a territory conti- 
 guous to the province of Cuttack. (Confultations ift March, No. 
 40 to 45.) 
 
 714. The engagements laft contra(fled with thefe chiefs, containing 
 queftions intimately connedled with the conditions of the peace, will 
 be made known to your honourable Committee in our feparate 
 difpatch.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 235 
 
 715. The 706th paragraph of this difpatch (confultations ift 
 March, No. 1 44) relates to the Britifh government having efFedted the 
 occupation of feveral pergunnahs belonging to the Mahratta govern- 
 ment, and fituated in the province of Midnapore. Since the conqueft 
 of Cuttack engagements have been contracted with the Zemindars 
 belonging to thofe pergunnahs, in virtue of which they muft do ho- 
 mage of fidelity to the government of the honorable Company. (Con- 
 fultations 20th December, No. 37, 38.) The diflridl of Morcbunge, 
 fituated on the frontiers fouth-wcft ot the province of Midnapore, 
 "With the Zemindars dependant thereon, was equally fubjci^t to the 
 authority of the government of the rajah of Berar. The Zemindar of 
 Morebung has ulfered his fubmithon to the Britifh government, and 
 an arrangement has fince been entered into with him. 
 
 7 If). Mr. Earnfl's correfpondence, to which the Governor-general 
 has the honor to refer your honorable Committee, (confultations 2yth 
 December, No. 3/ to 41, and 45 to 48) contains the moft detailed 
 report on the fubje(5l of Morebunge and the Mahrarta pergunnahs, 
 fituate in the difi:ri(fV of Midnapore. (Confultations 111 March, 
 No. 38.) The Zcmindary of Morebunge, as well as the Mahratta 
 Pergunnahs, remain in the honorable Company's pofilfilon bv virtue 
 of the fiipulations of the treaty of Deogaum ; and it is fcarcely nccef-- 
 fary to obferve to your honorable Committee the advantae;e which 
 muft refult from the entire exclufion of the influence of the Mahratta 
 government from Midnapore and the adjacent diflricts. 
 
 T^T . Your honorable Committee will obferve, relative to the opera- 
 tions of Mr. Mclvill and the commiffioners for the affairs of Cuttack, 
 (confultations ifl March, No. If), 25, 20, 27, and 3o to 35) that the 
 organization and receipt of the revenue of the province has been their 
 firit care. They judged that it was neceflary, for reafons which, to the 
 Governor-general, appeared fatisfadory, to make no eflential change
 
 .556 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 in the mode of colIe<5lion for the current year ; they, confequently, 
 under the fanftion of the Governor-general, preferved, with feme 
 modifications, the fyftem which they found eftabUflied, and appointed 
 the officers neceflary for excutlng it. (Confultations ift March, No. 
 26 and 32.) They, at the fame time, eftabUflied rules for the preven- 
 tion of ail abufes. The commlfTioners have already realifed a confider- 
 able part of the revenues of Cuttack by means of this momentary 
 arrangement. 
 
 718. They have been enjoined to make every effort to fecure the 
 real refources of the country, and to obtain fuch information as may 
 enable the Governor-general toeftablifha regular and permanent fyftem 
 of colleftion in the province of Cuttack. (Confultations ift March, 
 No. 20.) 
 
 719. It was llkewife thought advifeable immediately to alter the or- 
 ganization of the temple of Jaguernaut. (Confultations ift March, 
 No. ]6, 17, 25, 2O, 32, 37.) On the recommendation of the com- 
 mlfTioners the Governor-general confirmed in his place the officer in 
 chief of the Mahratta government at Jaguernaut. The commlffioners 
 were ordered to report, in detail, the fyftem, to that time, purfued in 
 the temple of Jaguernaut, fo as to enable the Governor-general to 
 make a final arrangement in the admlnlftration of this temple. (Con- 
 fultations ift March, No. 20: idem ift November, No. 20.) 
 
 720. The Governor-general will now resume the report on the 
 operations at Hyderabad. 
 
 721. In the 446th paragraph, (Confultations 25th Auguft, No. 36) 
 it is faid that the refident at Hyderabad, had obtained a letter for 
 Major-general Wellefley, from his highnefs the Nizam, wh-o therein 
 gave him full powers, and placed under his orders the military com-
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 23lr 
 
 mandants of his highnefs on the weftern frontiers of his flates. 
 (Coiifultations, 2d November, No. 15). Thefe full powers were 
 confirmed by his highnefs Secunder- Jah, after his acceflion to the 
 government of Hyderabad. (Confultations 2d April, No. 6.) Thofe 
 powers having, however, been rendered futile, by the obftinacy and 
 difobedience of the officers of his highnefs's government, they were 
 transferred, according to Major-general Wellefley's exprefs defire, to 
 rajah Moheput-Ram, one of the principal officers commanding his 
 highnefs's contingent, and ferving with the auxiliary troops. (Con- 
 fultations 2d April, No. 14 — 23). The rajah Moheput-Ram was 
 ordered to comply with all the requifitions which fliould reach him 
 from Major-general Wellefley, and was made refponfible for the 
 exa£l execution of that general's orders. 
 
 722. The principal obje£l for our attention at Hyderabad then was, 
 the approaching deceafe of his highnefs the Nizam. (Confultations 
 25t:h AugufI:, No. 29). That event took place on the 6th Auguft, 
 1803. Your honourable committee has been informed, in the 442nd 
 paragraph of this letter, of the inftruflions given to the refident at 
 Hyderabad, in cafe of the Nizam's death. The refident, in concert 
 with Azim-Ool-Omrah, employed all the neceffary precautions for 
 maintaining the tranquillity of the city. A battalion of Britifh 
 troops received the refident's order, at the particular defire of Azim- 
 Ool-Omrah, to enter Hyderabad, and guards were placed at all the 
 pofls capable of contributing to keep up tranquillity. 
 
 723. On the 7th Auguft, (Confultations 25th Auguft, No. 34,) 
 Mirza-Secunder-Jah, eldeft fon of the late Nizam, afcended the 
 mufnud, to which he was condudled by the refident at Hyderabad, 
 and by rajah Ragotim-Kao, deputed by Azim-Ool-Omrah, and re- 
 ceived the congratulatory prefents of all the principal officers of his 
 government. The refident was, on that occafion, received by his 
 
 H H
 
 238 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 hiahnefs with the mod diftinguifhed honours, as reprefentative of 
 the Britifh government in India ; and his highuefs publicly delivered 
 to the refident, a writing under his feal, whereby he confirmed the 
 treaties fubfifting between the Britifh government and the ftate of 
 Hyderabad. Your honourable committee knows that the Governor- 
 general had previoufly ordered the refident to demand of Secunder- 
 Jah, to have a writing ready to that efFeft, as the firfl: public act of 
 his government ; and his highnefs confented to the requiiition with- 
 out the leaft delay. 
 
 724. Rajah Ragotim-Rao, on this occafion, fuggefled the demand 
 of a fimilar engagement on behalf of the Britifh government, which 
 the refident prudently rejc£ted. (Confultations 8th September, No. i.) 
 The Governor-general being, however, of opinion, that a voluntary 
 aft of recognition on our part, could not but conciliate the confidence 
 of Secunder-Jah, make an impreffion upon his fubjeds, and on feveral 
 princes and chiefs of India, and particularly upon his highnefs the 
 Peifhwah, and that it would contribute extremely to give a favour- 
 able idea of our juftice, our moderation, and our public faith, judged it 
 advifable to forward an en2;a2;ement fimilar to the writins; delivered 
 by Secunder-Jah ; for this purpofe, a writing was expedited by the 
 Governor-general, under the honourable company's feal, and fent to 
 the refident, with an order to tranfmit it to his highnefs the fbubahdar, 
 in the mofl: public and formal manner. This piper was prefented to 
 his highnefs by the refident, in prefence of the whole court, on the 
 24th September, (Confultations 2nd November, No. 59) and received 
 by the foubahdar with the greateft marks of the fatisfirdtion wliich 
 he felt, at the generofity manifefted by the Englifh government on 
 this occafion. 
 
 725. The refident at Hyderabad (confultations 25th August, No. 
 30, 32, ^2) immediately difpatched the news of the Nizam's death.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 239 
 
 and of the acceflion of Secunder-Jah, to the honorable Major-general 
 VVellcfley, to the government of Fort St. George and Bombay, to his 
 excellency General Stuart, to Major-general Campbell, and to the re- 
 fidents at Poonah and with Dowlut-Row-Scindeah ; and thefe two 
 events were publicly proclaimed at Hyderabad, in the principal places 
 of the Soubahdar's flatcs, and in the ftations of his highnefs's army 
 upon the frontiers. (Confultations 25th Auguft, No, 39.) 
 
 726. The Governor-general has infinite fatisfaiflion in announcing 
 to your honorable committee, that his highnefs's death has not dif- 
 turbed the public tranquillity, and that Mirza-Secunder-Jah's accel- 
 fion to the throne, (Confultations, 25th Auguft, No. 29 to 34, 38 to 
 40, 44, 5o) has been recognized generally, and with fatisfadlion, by 
 the younger fons of his late highnefs, and by all the officers and fub- 
 je<5ts of his government. 
 
 727. Mention is made in our minutes (Confultations 25th Auguft, 
 No. 44) of difpatches from the refident at Hyderabad, by which he 
 communicates the news of the Nizam's death, and the acceffion of 
 Secunder-Jah, as well as of the detail of all the ceremonies relating 
 to that event. 
 
 728. Intelligence of the commencement of hoftilities, (Conful- 
 tations 25th Auguft, No. 44.) between the Britifh government and 
 the confederate Mahratta chiefs, reached Hyderabad on the loth 
 Auguft. 
 
 729. The refident, (Confultations 25th Auguft, No. 23,) agree- 
 ably to the provifional inftructions of the Governor-general, dated 19th 
 Auguft, (Confultations, 8th September, No. 17, 25, 26,) immedi- 
 ately intimated to the government of Hyderabad, that it was advifable 
 
 H H 2
 
 21.0 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 to fend away the vakeels and agents of the confederate chiefs, (Con- 
 fultations 2nd November, No. 21,) and to recall from the refpective 
 courts the minifters of the Soubahdar of the Dekkan. This demand 
 was acceded to, without hefitation, by the Soubahdar's government. 
 
 730. Before the commencement-of hoftilities, the refident at Hy- 
 derabad had been charged by Major-general Wellefley, in the fuppo- 
 fition of that event, to addrefs himfelf to the Soubahdar of the Dek- 
 kan, that he would be pleafed to give orders to reinforce his troops 
 in the northern parts of his ftates, and to place garrifons of foldiers 
 in the walled forts, towns, and villages, for the purpofe of flopping 
 the plunder of the enemy's cavalry. General Wellefley alfo ordered 
 the refident to engage his highnefs the Soubahdar, to caufe a body of 
 troops to aflemble at Hyderabad for the protedion of that city. 
 
 731. The neceffary meafures were immediately adopted to that 
 effect : in the month of December the troops aflembled at Hyderabad 
 amounted to eleven thoufand horfe, and fix thoufand foot, (Confulta- 
 tions 2d April, No. 73.) His highnefs the Soubahdar at the fame 
 time declared that it was his intention to put himfelf at the head of 
 his troops ; in fact, he entered into his tents and remained in the 
 camp for feveral weeks. (Confultations 2d November, No. 21, 46.) 
 The requifitions, however, which Major-general Wellefley had or- 
 dered the refident to make to him on other points, were not equally 
 fuccefsful. Thofe minifters did, it is true, give orders ^^Ccnfulta- 
 tions iith September, No. 11) to the different killedars and other 
 officers of the Soubahdar's government ; but his orders were defpif- 
 ed, and thofe employed by his highnefs neither gave themfelves any 
 trouble for the defence of his country againft the incurfions of the 
 encmv, nor for the fuccefs of the common caufe. (Coufaltations, 
 2d November, No. 15, 26, 80, 87, 88. Idem, 2d April, No. 6, 43, 
 ^2- Idem, zd November, No. 56, 57, 59, 60, 66. 67, 68, '79 to
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 2^ 
 
 83, 87, 88, 89, 94, 95.) There were even fome inftances of pofitive 
 acts of hoftiiity having been committed againfl the Britifli troops by 
 the Soubahdar's officers. 
 
 732. Major-gpneral Wellefley, for this reafon, judged it abfolutely 
 necefTiiy to order the rcfidetit at Hyderabad to remonftrate in the 
 ftrongcfl: terms agauifl the hoftile and inexcufable conduft of thofe 
 employed mider his highnefs's government. (Confultations, 2d 
 April, No. 4, 6, 7.) The principal ground of complaint was, firft, 
 the refulal of the killedar of Dowliit-Abad to. receive into the fort under 
 his command, the fick. of General Wellefley's army, and the officers 
 and foldiers wounded in the battle of AfTye. 
 
 733. 2d. The condurt of the killedar of Budnapore, who fired upon 
 a detachment of the Britifh troops, on their march to rejoin Major- 
 general Wellefley with a convoy. 
 
 734. 3d. The refufal of the killedar of Dharore to grant protec- 
 tion, under the guns of his fort, to a convoy which was going to join 
 General Wellefley's army, and the killedar's declaration, that it was 
 his intention to compel the Britifh troops to retire from the vicinity 
 of the fort, into which he declared that he could not admit them, 
 without an exprefs order from Hyderabad. 
 
 735. 4th. The refufal of the rajah of Sookroodur, (officer in chief 
 of his highnefs the Soubahdar, in the northern pai t of his flates,) to 
 permit the faleof grain, in the diflriils under his orders, for the ufe of 
 the troops, and divers acts of difobedience and difcontent on the part 
 of that officer. 
 
 736. The refident at Hyderabad addrefTed remonftrances to the 
 mi^fler on thcie different complaints ; Azim-Ool-Omrah afTured
 
 242 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 the refident that the conduct of his highnefs's officers muft not be 
 attributed to the government of his highnefs the Soubahdar ; (Con- 
 fultations 2d November, No. 59, 60,) that pofitive orders had been 
 given, and fhould be repeated anew ; (Confultations 2d April, No. 
 45, 46. Idem, I, 2, 48, 49, 50,) and that the officers whofe names 
 had been pointed out by the relldent, fliould be immediately dif- 
 miflfed. During the courfe of the correfpondence between Major- 
 general Wellefley and the refident at Hyderabad on this fubjedl, the 
 relldent remarked different circumflances entirely oppofite to the 
 fundamental principles of the alliance fubfifting between the Britifli 
 government and the court of Hyderabad, and of a nature to be im- 
 mediately conveyed to the knowledge of the Governor-general. 
 
 737. The refident, in a letter addreffed to Major-general Wel- 
 lefley, dated 8th Oftober, 1803, (Confultations 2d November, No. 
 85, 90), attributed the condudl of the Soubahdar's officers to the 
 jealoufy, miftruft, and averfion, with which the perfons of almoft 
 every rank in the Soubahdar's flates regarded the alliance of the Bri- 
 tifh government vi'ith that flate. The refident alfo reprefented, that 
 the Soubahdar himfelf was not exempt from this prejudice ; that his 
 highnefs, in a fecret conference (Confultations 2d April, No. g^) 
 with his minifter, had accufed the Britifh government of interfering 
 in the internal affairs of his adminiflration, and denied the right of 
 the Britifh government to remonftrate againfl his highnefs's kille- 
 dars and officers, adding, that the admifTioa of Britifli troops and 
 officers into the fortrefles belonging to his highnefs, or their ex- 
 clufion therefrom, although in a war fupported by the two powers 
 in concert, was a matter of indifference. 
 
 738. The Governor-general thought it necelTary to communicate 
 without lofs of time, to the refident at Hyderabad, his opinion on 
 this extraordinary and alarming intelligence, as well as on the recent
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 213 
 
 condu6l of the Soubahdar's officers, who had given rife to General 
 Wellefley's complahits, and to tranfmit, by the fame opportunity, 
 to the refident, fuitable inflruclions for the rule of his conduct on 
 that occafion. 
 
 739. Although the Governor-general had been fatisfied with the 
 manner in which the government of Hyderabad had regarded the 
 mifconduct of his highnefs's officers, his excellency in council was, 
 neverthelefs, of opinion, that if his highnefs the Soubahdar really 
 entertained the fentiments attributed to him ; and, that if a general 
 fentiment of jealoufy and averfion to the alliance fubfifting between 
 the Britifh government and the court of Hyderabad, efFedually pre- 
 vailed in all his highnefs's flates, that ftate of things was an attack 
 upon the fundamental principles of the alliance, and demanded a 
 prompt remedy ; befides, that the particular caufes of complaint re- 
 quired immediate fatisfadion. 
 
 740. To put an end to this uncertahity, the Governor-general or- 
 dered the refident at Hyderabad, himfelf, to addrefs to the Soubah- 
 dar, in public durbar, a remonftrance founded on the following 
 motives : 
 
 i/l. The general principles of the alliance, and the reciprocal 
 obligations which the flipulations of that alliance impofe on 
 the contrading parties. 
 
 2d. The numerous advantages which have refulted to the laft 
 Nizam and the actual Soubahdar, from the Company's alli- 
 ance, and the repeated dangers from which the flate of Hy- 
 derabad had been protected by that alliance. The juft and 
 generous condu6l of the BrituTi government, in recognizing 
 unconditionally, the acceffion of Secunder-Jah, notwithftand- 
 ing the numerous and jufl: claims which the Britifh govern- 
 ment might have made upon his highnefs.
 
 244 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS Of 
 
 ^d. The delicacy and public faith which the Britifh govern- 
 ment had manifefled, in avoiding interference with the in- 
 terior affairs of his highnefs, or of his prcdeceffor. 
 
 4th. The rigorous attention which had been evinced towards 
 his highnefs's rights in the cojiclufion of the treaty of 
 Bafiein. 
 
 5th. The non-execution on his highnefs's part, during the pre- 
 fent war, of the conditions of the alliance contrafted ; and, 
 lafi-ly, the unwarrantable and perfidious condii6l of his high- 
 nefs's officers. 
 
 741. The refident was, befides, ordered to obferve to his high- 
 nefs, that retaining the principles attributed to Secunder-Jah, as has 
 been mentioned in the 737th paragraph of this letter, would rank 
 that prince as a public enemy to the Britifh government. 
 
 742. The refident was enjoined to demand an additional article 
 to the treaty of Hyderabad, by which the forts of the contrafting 
 parties, in a war undertaken in concert, fhould be open to the 
 troops of each refpedive ftate ; and that the officers of the two 
 governments fhould employ all the refources which were at their 
 difpofal, to facihtate the operations of the troops of the allied go- 
 vernment. 
 
 743. His excellency the Governbr-general further ordered the 
 refident, that if, in the courfe of the prefent war, the Soubahdar did 
 not punifh the treachery of the commandants of the forts, he was 
 to demand that all the forts necefTary for the proteftion of con- 
 voys fhould be placed in Major-general Wellefley's hands ; ob- 
 ferving, that his highnefs's condudt, in fiding with his officers who 
 had a£led inimically to the Britifh government, was incompatible 
 with the fpirit of the alliance ; and that, to complain of the condud
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA- 'it.; 
 
 of thofe officers who had been in fault, was not an ufurpation of tl.e 
 rights, or a violation of the independcncQ of his highncfs. 
 
 744. The refident was ordered to require from the S oubahdar, that 
 the principles of the alliance fhould be recognized in the moft clear 
 and folemn manner. To give the greater force to thefe reprefeuta- 
 tions, the refident was ordered to avoid ali difcuflion of complaints 
 of inferior importance, and to bring bis whole attention upon the 
 objeils which might imprefs on the Soubahdar, a juft fentiment in 
 regard to the nature of the alliance, and to convince his highnefs, 
 that his true intereft, the obligation impofed by his public faith, his 
 honour, and his reputation, required that he fhould cordially contri- 
 bute to the fuccefs of the common caufe. He was alfo enjoined, to 
 make himfelf mafter of the real views and character of Secunder- 
 Jah, and to take precautions againft the defedlion of that prince, 
 particularly during the adtual war. With regard to the general fen- 
 timent of jealoufy and averfion which was fuppofed to exift againfl 
 the alliance eftabliftied between the two flates, the refident had or- 
 ders to concert with Major-general Wellefley, with the view of 
 taking precautionary meafures againfl: the confequences of that general 
 fpirit of difcontent. Major-general Wellefley was alfoauthorifed to aft 
 againfl: the Soubahdar's officers, who Ihould henceforth be guilty of 
 fuch conduvlT: as that mentioned in the 732d paragraph of this dif- 
 patch, as againfl the officers of a fl:ate at war with the Britifh go-, 
 vernment, without appealing to the decifion of the Soubahdar, or the 
 Governor- general. 
 
 745. The refident having demanded an audience of the Soubahdar, 
 read and prefented to his highnefs, in public durbar, a memorial 
 founded on the inftructions, the fubilance of which is reported in 
 the 740th paragraph. This reprefentation produced the defircd effect. 
 
 I I
 
 M6 piSTORY OF THE TRANSACTION'S OF 
 
 The Soubahdar, in a letter which he addrefled to the Governor- ge- 
 neral, declared, that he was ready to accept the additional article 
 which the refident at Hyderabad had propofed to him ; and on the 
 9th January this article was added and exchanged at Hyderabad. 
 
 The difpofitions of his highnefs's fubjects towards the Britiih go- 
 vernment, not appearing to the refident of a character fufficiently 
 dangerous to affect the public tranquillity, he judged, that in con- 
 fideration of thefe clrcumftances, it was not neceffary to increafe the 
 troops at Hyderabad. (Conference 2d April, No. 90). 
 
 746. In the courfe of the communications of the refident at Hy- 
 derabad, with the durbar, on the fubject of the different objects 
 that were in difcuffion, a difference of a very ferious nature had 
 arifen between the Soubahdar and his prime minifter Azim-Ool- 
 Omrah. 
 
 747. It is reported, that the caufes of mutual difcontent had exiffed 
 before Secunder-Jah's acceffion ; that Azim-Ool-Omrah had been 
 fufpected, and accufed of oppofing the acceffion of Secunder-Jah, 
 and favouring one of the youngeft fons of the late Nizam. The re- 
 fident having known of this imputation before the late Nizam's death, 
 thought it was necciTary immediately to recur to the means of in- 
 forming himfelf either of the truth or falfehood of the alTertion, with 
 the view, if it were neceflary, of preventing the minifters from op- 
 pofing the acceffion of Secunder-Jah. (Conference 25th Augufl, 
 No. 7, 8, 9). 
 
 748. The mlnifter did not hefitatc to give the refident the moft fo- 
 lemn aflurance of his innocence with regard to the dcfign imputed to 
 kim, and declared that he was refolved to uphold and fupport the ac- 
 ceffion of Secunder-Jah by all the means which Ihould be in his power. 
 (Conference 25th Auguft, No. 21, zi.)
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. fi? 
 
 719. Soon after Sccunder-Jah's accefllon to the mufnud of Hyder- 
 abad, the difTatisfaflion of this prince burft forth, and finally incrcafed 
 to fuch a point, that it was expected he would be difgraced and de- 
 fpoilcd of his power, and fears were even entertained for the fafety of 
 hispcrfon. 
 
 750. As the interefts of the Britifh government were to prefervc the 
 influence of Azim-Ool-Omrah in the council of the Soubahdar of 
 Dekkan, the Governor-general approved the refolutlon which the re- 
 fident at Hyderabad had taken, by his influence and exertions, to bring 
 about a reconciliation between his highnefs and his minifter. It is not 
 neceflaryto detail to your honourable committee the means which were 
 adopted by the refident to that effedl ; we, therefore, only point out to 
 your honourable committee the references of our regifler. (Conference 
 2d November, No. 85, 86, 93, 95 ; 2d April, No. 82 to 80). The 
 refident completely fucceeded in reinftating Azim-Ool-Omrah in the 
 good opinion and confidence of Secunder- Jah, who, agreeably to the 
 refident's intimation, will confer on his minifter the fame full powers, 
 and the fame unlimited authority in the public affairs of his govern- 
 ment, which he had exercifcd in the late Nizam's life-time. (Confe- 
 rence 2d April, No. 91.) 
 
 751. The 445th paragraph of this difpatch relates to the inftruc- 
 tions given to the refident at Hyderabad for the purpofe of claiming 
 from the Nabob of Kurnoul, the contingent of troops which he was 
 engaged to furnifh, as a tributary of the Britifh government. (Confe- 
 rence 8th September, No. 4, 5, 10, 11, 17, 20, 21.) 
 
 752. That chief did not hefitate to comply with the refident's requi- 
 fition; and his contingent confifting of 5 00 horfe and 500 foot, arrived 
 at Hyderabad in the beginning of October, 1803, and afterwards went 
 to join the divifion of the army under Major- general Campbell. The 
 
 I I 2
 
 243 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 nibob of Kurnoul has expreffed his define to have a written aft, which 
 might definitively fix the extent of his obhgations on the fubject of the 
 payment of the tribute and miHtary fervice ; and it is the intention of 
 the Governor-general to comply with this demand. (Confultations 
 2d March, No. 11, 12, 24, 46, 47, 48, 52, S6,57, 67, 78, 80. Con- 
 ference 2d April No. 32 to 37.) 
 
 753. About the end of the month of AugufV, (conference 8th Sep- 
 tember, No. 17, 18, 19,) the refident at Hyderabad received from a 
 perfon named Lucca-Ram-Pundit, a communication on the part of 
 Serjajee Ghatka, father-in-law, and formerly minifter of Dowlut-Row- 
 Scindeah, then refident on the territory of the rajah of Colapore. 
 (Conference 2nd November, No. 21, 22.) To judge of it by the fenfe 
 of that communication, made in vague and obfcure terms, it would 
 feem to contain a propofition on the part of Serjajee-Ghatka, to concert 
 ■«.yith the Britifti government, and employ all the influence which he 
 yet had in the court and army of Scindeah, for the re-eftabli(hment of 
 general tranquility and good order. The refident referred the agent 
 of Serjajee-Ghatka to Major-general Wellesley, to whom the refident 
 transmitted the propofal which he had received. (Conference 2d No- 
 vember, No. 89.) The poffibility of re-eflablifhing Serjajee-Ghatka at 
 the head of Scindeah's adminiftratlon, and his connections with a pow- 
 erful zemindar on the bank of the Kiftna, by the territory ofwhich Ge- 
 neral Wellesley's convoys muft neceflarily pafs, induced General Wel- 
 lefley to authorlfe the refident to maintain relations of amity with 
 that chief, without acceding to his offers. The departure of Serjajee- 
 Ghatka for Poonah, prevented the refident at Hyderabad from commu- 
 nicating with him in a more extenfive manner. (Conference 2d No- 
 Ycmber, No. 90.) 
 
 754. During the war, the refident urged the government of the fou- 
 bahdar at fevcral opportunities, to augment as much as poffible, the
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 24-9 
 
 contingent of his highnefs's troops, actually in the field, in conformity 
 to the conditions of the treaty of 1 800. (Conference 8th September, 
 No. 10, 1 1,25, 20, 2/.) Whilft any hope remained of yet attaching 
 Amheer-Khan,the refident had not thought it neceflary to prefs the in- 
 creafe of the contingent, on account of thcexpences which the foubah- 
 dar's government would have been drawn into by a levy of troops com- 
 bined with thofe of Ameer-Khan. (Conference 2d November, No. 
 54, 50, 59, 04. and 2d April, 2.) But the negotiation v.ith Amheer- 
 Khan having fallen to the ground, the refident repeatedly folicited the 
 minifter to give an order for augmenting the contingent ; and after a 
 long delay and eva five anfwerson the part of the Durbar, the refident 
 received a pofitive affurance, that an order had been given to Moheput- 
 Ram to raife additional forces. Thefe orders, however were either 
 wholly treated with contempt, or clandefllnely fijpprefled. Nothing of 
 importance pafled at Hyderabad tathe conclufion of the war, (Con- 
 ference 2d April, No. 3.) 
 
 ;'55. The refident continued to keep up a regular correfpondence 
 with the honorable Major-general Wellesley, (conference 25th Auguft, 
 3803, No. 10 to 1(3, 48, 48 A. 2d November, 8 to 15, 24 to 20; 37 
 to 48 ; 53 to 57; 00 to 69, 77; 80 to 83; 87 to 90. 2d April 1 804, 
 4 to 7 ; 15, lO, 21 to 25, 27, 30, 31, 38, 40, 43 to47, 52, 54, 55, 03 
 to 70, 75, 70, 87 to 89,) on every fubjcd: which regarded the move- 
 ment and fiibfiftence of the army under that general's immediate com- 
 mand, as well as that of the fiabfidiary troops , he alfo applied himfelf 
 with zeal, adivlty and fuccefs to procure and fend in a great quantity of 
 money, corn and oxen for the ufe of the troops in the field. (Confe- 
 rence 2d November 1803, No. 8, 94. 2d April 1804, No. 2, 4, 21, 
 23, 45, 40.) The detail of his pralfeworthy exertions for the fupply of - 
 the army, will be found in our minutes here above noted. 
 
 756. Your honourable committee will have been, informed by the 
 hon. governor of Bombay, of the conduct of that goveroment in the
 
 #50 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 execution of the branches of the general fyftem of operatloiis relative 
 to the war, which concerned that prefidency. The attention of the 
 government of Bombay was principally turned to provifioning the 
 army under the perfonal command of Major-general Wellefley ; to 
 the formation and equipment of the detachment intended to occupy 
 Baroach; to facilitating the operations of the troops under Lieutenant- 
 colonel Murray, employed under the immediate authority of Major- 
 general Wellelley, to occupy the part of Guzzurat belonging to 
 Dowlut-Row-Scindeah. The prefidency of Bombay was alfo occu- 
 pied with the meafures for the defence of that province, and with the 
 preparations for an expedition againfl Oujein, Scindeah's capital, fuf- 
 pended by the conclufion of the peace with that chief. 
 
 757. The detail of Lieutenant-colonel Murray's operations will, in 
 like manner, have been communicated, to your honourable committee, 
 by the government of Bombay. 
 
 758. However, in reference to its connexion with the general fyftem 
 of the combined operations for putting an end to the war fpeedily and 
 happily, it is not irrelevant to relate the correfpondence between the 
 honorable government of Bombay and the honorable Major-general 
 Wellefley, fubfequent to the inftruftions which the Governor-general 
 had given to Major-general Wellefley, dated the 20th and 27th June, 
 1803, on the fubjeft of the meafures to be purfued for the defence of 
 the province of Guzzurat, and the ufe to be made of the troops ila- 
 tioned in. that province. 
 
 759. The Governor-general remarked that the honourable govern- 
 ment of Bombay formed an inaccurate opinion of the extent of the 
 powers conferred on Major-general Wellefley, and had impeded the 
 execution of the meafures adopted by that officer, by permitting them- 
 felves to ail in oppofition thereto, from the fuppofed neceflity of
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 251 
 
 maintaining the local and fubordinate authority of the refident at Ba- 
 roda over the troops ftationed in Guzzurat. It appeared to the Go- 
 vernor-general that the conduifl of the Bombay government, on this 
 occafion, althougln direcfled by views for the public welfare, and by a 
 laudable zeal, was of a nature to interrupt the fuccefs of a plan which 
 the Governor-general had formed for the campaign in the Dekkan, 
 by deranging the combinations of a vigorous fyftem of operations in 
 the weft of India, which the honourable Major-general Wellefley 
 wifhed to eftablifli, not only to guarantee our weftern pofiTeffions, but 
 alfo to make an a£live and rapid war upon the enemy. In this crifis 
 of affairs it was manifeftly necefTary that all local confiderations, and 
 minute details, fhould give way to the important end of fecuring the 
 execution of a general fyftem of offenfivedifpoiitions, under the exclu- 
 five diredlion of the general officers, commanding the main army, in 
 the Dekkan, fubjedt to the dire£l authority of the Governor-general 
 in council. The Governor-general, for this reafon, pofiitively ordered 
 that, in compliance with the plan propofed by Major-general Wellef- 
 ley, Colonel Murray ftiould be inverted with the principal, local, mi- 
 litary, authority in the province of Guzzurat, under the orders of 
 Major-general Wellefley, or of the general officer commanding in the 
 Dekkan, exclufive of every other local authority whatever. 
 
 760. The Governor-general, further, required the government of 
 Bombay to ufe the greatefl: diligence in rendering the body of troops, 
 under Colonel Murray's orders, in a ftate to aft with promptitude, 
 during the campaign, and expreffed to the Governor of Bombay the 
 full confidence which he had in his zeal, his care, and in his ability, 
 to contribute, by direct orders, and the united efforts of every depart- 
 ment under his immediate infpeftion, to the fuccefs of this important 
 objcft. The Governor-general likewife announced that he promifed 
 himfelf to find in the government of Bombay the fame fpirit of fpeedy 
 and loyal co-operation which had accelerated the happy conclufion of
 
 232 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 the war in the Myfore, and which mufl: foon bring about a fafe and 
 •honourable peace with the Mahratta chieftains. 
 
 761. His excellency obferved that, to attain this object, every local 
 and temporary confideration Ihould give way to the neceffity of pur- 
 fuing the war with vigour, and carrying our arms into the centre of 
 the power and relources of the enemy. (Confultations 6th March, 
 JSTo. 164.) 
 
 762. The correfpondence between the honourable government of 
 Bombay, and the honourable Major-general Wellefiey, to which the 
 leven hundred and fifty-eighth paragraph refers, is mentioned in the 
 Confultations loth November, No. 18. 
 
 "/d^' Agreeably to the orders contained in the tnftructions given to 
 the Bombay government, (Confultations 8th March, No. 6, 18, 27, 
 41, 46, 63, 65, 79, 127, 140,) the fubflance of which is related 
 above, the governor of Bombay judged it neceffiry to increafe the 
 troops under Colonel Murray ; (Confultations 8th May, No. 259 to 
 266,) and for that purpofe purfued the idea of the commander ia 
 chief in that province, to convert the corps of militia into a regiment 
 upon the footing of the regular eftablifliment of Bombay. 
 
 ;C4. The reafons alledged, in favour of thefe difpofitions, having ap- 
 peared to the Governor-general perfectly fatisfactory, his excellency 
 agreed that the regular eftablifhment of Bombay (Confultations 8th 
 March, No. 26/) fnould be augmented during the war with the Mah- 
 rattas, and, at the fame time, ordered that it fhould be fignified in gene- 
 ral orders at Bombay, that the newly formed regiment fliould be re- 
 formed, immediately, after the conclufion of peace with Scindcah.
 
 THE BRITISU GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 25» 
 
 POONAM. 
 
 765. The Governor-general will now fubmit to your lionourable 
 committee a general view of the events which have taken place at 
 Poonah, fmce the departure of Major-general Welleflcy from that ca- 
 pital, -1th June, 1803. 
 
 76O. The rcfident devoted his whole time, and all his care, particu- 
 larly, to obtain from the Peifhwah the execution of the ftipulations of 
 the treaty of Baflein in as far as they related to the actual flate of af- 
 fairs, and the jundion of the contingent of troops which his highuefs 
 had pledged himfelf to furnifli, by the treaty, in cafe of a combined 
 war. To put the Peifhwah in a fituation to perform the eflential part 
 of his obligations, it was of the utmofl Importance to prevail upon his 
 highnefs to conciliate the good-will of the fouthern Jaghirdars, who 
 had accompanied Major-general Wellefley from the Klflua to Poonah, 
 and from whom alone the Peifhwah could expe<3; the fuccours neccfTary 
 for enabling his highnefs to perform that part of his engagements. 
 
 767. Major-general Wellefley was obliged to fet out from Poonah 
 without being joined by the Peifhwah's troops. However, after urgent 
 and repeated follcitations, the refidcnt obtained from his highnefs au- 
 thority to enter into an accommodation with two of thofe chiefs then 
 on their march from Poonah to join the army under Major-general 
 Wellefley, near Ahmcdnaggur. The combined forces of thofe two 
 chiefs were but three thoufand horfe. Neverthelcfs thefe troops con- 
 tinued to ferve with the Brltlfh. army throughout the campaign, and 
 their condud entitled them to the approbation of Major-general Wellefley. 
 
 768. Hoflilities having commenced, the Peifhwah was again prefTed 
 
 K K
 
 25i HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 to complete the contingent of troops, which his highnefs had pledged 
 himfelfto furnifh, but in vain. The miftruft and reciprocal fears 
 founded on the ideas of the refpeftive wrongs which his highnefs and 
 his Jaghirdars had mutually to reproach each other with, prelented 
 an infurmountable obftacle to fincere reconciliation ; and except Cok- 
 lah, and Appa-DefTaye, who joined the Britifli army after it had left 
 Poonah, as has been already ftated in the foregoing paragraph, all the 
 chiefs who had accompanied Major-general Wellefley into this city, 
 returned to their Jaghires. 
 
 769. The Governor-general confiders it ufelefs to enter into a detail 
 of the different communications which took place on this fubjeft, 
 between the refident at Poonah and thePeifhwah's minlfters. Thefe 
 details are in the difpatches of the refident at Poonah, of which we 
 make mention in our confultation 21ft July, No. 79 to 86, 97, 103 ; 
 17th Auguft, 43, 52, ^^ I 25th Auguft 58 ; 8th September, 34, 41, 
 43, ^^, 2d November, 160. 
 
 770. Major-general Wellefley and Lieutenant-colonel Clofe, 
 thought that it was of the highefl importance to effedl a reconcilia- 
 tion between thePeifliwah and his brother Amrut-Row. The latter 
 had, in appearance, feparated his interefls from thofe of his highnefs's 
 enemies, and fhewed his intention to be reconciled under the guaranty 
 of the Britifh government. The refident at Poonah, according to 
 General Wellefley's defire, addreffed a memorial to the Peifhwah, 
 containing propofals, on which might be eftabliflied the means, where- - 
 by to infure Amrut-Row's fidelity to his highnefs's caufe. 
 
 771. The propofitions contained in the refident's memorial were 
 received, by the Peiftiwah, with marks of formal approbation. His 
 highnefs's miniflers declared that their mafter would never confent 
 to conditions fo favourable to Amrut-Row, whom he (hould confidcic
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 253 
 
 fls a rebel and a traitor, on whofe promife no reliance could be placed, 
 and to whom the Pcifhwah had fworn eternal hatred. His highnefs 
 afterwards tranfmitted to the refident a writing which contained the 
 terms on which the Peifhwah was difpofed to an accommodation with 
 Amrut-Row. Thefe conditions, which would have impofed, on the 
 latter, the moft degrading rcftridions, were of a nature to confirm 
 Amrut-Row in his miftruil:, and to excite him to enterprifes the moft 
 defperate againft his highnefs's perfon and government. The refident 
 feeing that all the arguments, founded on the neceflity of a reconcilia- 
 tion with Amrut-Row, on account of the flate of the Peifliwah's af- 
 fairs, and the obligations of his alliance with the Britifh government, 
 were of no avail, addrelTed, to his highnefs, an energetic memorial, 
 wherein, recapitulating all the confidcrations previoufly alleged in fa- 
 vour of a reconciliation with Amrut-Row, he placed, before the Peifh- 
 wah's eyes, the abfolute neceffity of admiiiiftering his government upon 
 the principles moft agreeable to his interefts, and to the alliance which 
 he had concluded with the Britlfti government. 
 
 3" 
 
 772. The details of thefe operations are contained in our minutes, 
 (Confultations 21st July, No. 103 to 107; nth Auguft, 40, 41; 
 25th August, 56 to 58 ; 2d November, in, 112,) 
 
 773. His highnefs for a long time perfifted in his firft declaration of 
 vengeance againft Amrut-Row. However the refident, repeating his 
 perfuafions, finally obtained from his highnefs that the fetclement of 
 his difputes with Amrut-Row ftiould be confided to the Britifh go- 
 vernment, and that he might rely with confidence on the regard it 
 would have to the Pciftiwah's interefts in the accommodation which 
 it might judge advifable to be concluded with Amrut-Row. 
 
 774. For the details of the refident's correfpondence with the court 
 of Poonah en this fubjedl, the Governor-general refers your honourable 
 
 K K 2
 
 2Se HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 committee to the papers mentioned in the Confultations 2d NoveEO- 
 bef, No. 155 to. 157 ; 2d April, 133, 146, 251. 
 
 775. The leaft important points which were at this period agitated 
 at the court of the Peifhwah, relating to operations of the war, are re- 
 ported in the letters of the refident at Poonah. (Confultations 21st 
 July, I ith and 25th Augufl:, and 8th Septemjjer . 
 
 776. Whilfl negotiations were proceeding between the honourable 
 Major-general Wellcflej and the refident at Poonah, on the fubjeft of 
 the reconciliation of the Peifhwah and Amrut-Rovv ; Major-general 
 Wellefley continued his correfpondence with Ain-rut-Row, and preff- 
 ed him to abandon the caufe of his highnefs's enemies, and unite his 
 interefls with thofe of the Peifhwah. As, however, every attempt 
 to bring his highnefs the Peifhwah to confent to enter into an accom- 
 modation, which would allure the fidelity of Amrut-Row, had been- 
 hitherto of no efFeft ; the major-general faw himfelf necefiltated to 
 contraft engagements with Amrut-Row, without waiting for the con- 
 fent of the Peifhwah's previous co-operations ; eonfequently, on the 
 1 6th July, Major-general Wellefley wrote a letter to Amrut-Row, 
 ■wherein he piomifed, in general terms, to manage its accommodation;, 
 en the condition that he fhould continue to condu£l himfelf to the fatif- 
 faftion of the Britifh government ; and on the 24th Augufl, Major- 
 general Wellefley entered into an engagement with the vakeel of 
 Amrut-Row, to fecure to that chief an annual fum of feven lacs of 
 rupees, upon the condition that he fhould fincerely join the Britifh 
 government as well as the Peifhwah, and that his troops fhould im- 
 mediately unite with Major-general Wellefley. Major- general Wel- 
 lefley alfo engaged to take care of the iuterefts of Amrut-Row's friends 
 and adherents. 
 
 777. Major-general Wellcflej had not received, from Amrut-Row,
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 267 
 
 the confirmation of the engagements agreed upon, with his vakeel, 
 -before the month of Odober, when the latter prelenicd him with a 
 new demand, relating to the pay of a corps of ten thouland men, 
 wl)ich he ftated to be under Amrut-Row's command. General Wel- 
 lefley havmg fiiccefsfully combated a demand fo exorbitant, agreed to 
 take only, info the pay of the Britifti government, tliofc of his troops 
 who fhould acluallv join his army with Amrut-Row, and to include 
 them in the five thoufand men which the Britifh government, agree- 
 ably to the additional modification of the treaty of BaflTcni, of which 
 mention vvlU b- made below, had engaged to defray. Amrut-Row 
 joined G. neral Welltfley on the 12th N )vember, and continued to act 
 With the Biitilh tioops to the dole of the war, wholly to tfie general's- 
 fatisfadlion, (^Conlultations 2d March, No. 353, 354, 3.76.) 
 
 778. No foonerhad the refident at Poonah learnt the news of the 
 commencement of hollilitits, than he dem inded of his hifhnefs that 
 bis vakeel fliould be recalled from the confederate camp, ro which the- 
 Peifhwah, after fome hefitation, alTented, and alfo declared his 'm- 
 tention of, immediately, levying, troops for the defence of his capital, 
 
 77'J. Your honorable committee will have feen, in the preceding 
 part of the difpatch, what was the Intention of the Guvernir-general 
 in regard to the province of Bandelcund. Tne views of the Governor- 
 general in refpedt to that province, were eflentiully fecouded, and the 
 means of terminating the aliairs, in that part ot the couatry, fpeedily 
 and amicably, were materially facilitated by the propofal which the 
 Pcilhwah had made to the rclideat at Poonah, in the month of Au^uft 
 1803 (^Confultations Sth September, No. 4l) in a conference be- 
 tween the refident and his highnefs's minifters, at the beginning of 
 the month in queiiioa. Thcfe laft having fcveral times repeated and 
 given afTurance that his highnefs's pecuniary affairs were in a flate of
 
 258 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 dlftrefs, fuch as rendered it impoffible for him to perform the engage- 
 ments whereby he was to furnifh a corps of cavalry to aft with the 
 Britlfli troops in this war. Colonel Clofe pointed them out the means 
 by which the Peifliwah could add to the refources of the Britifh go- 
 vernment, without any prejudice to his own. The refident obferved, 
 that, by theceffion of Bundelcund, whence the court of Poonah had 
 for many years derived no revenue, as a part of that province to the 
 Britifh government, his highnefs might preferve the diftrifts fituate on 
 the fouthcrn part of his flates, which had been ceded by the treaty 
 of Baflein ; and, at the fame time, obtain a regiment of cavalry to 
 augment the auxiliary forces. The minifters declared that his highnefs 
 would willingly confent to the ceffion of part of Bundelcund, on the 
 conditions which they communicated to the refident ; and they pro- 
 mifcd to communicate the Peifliwah's determination on the fubjcdl, 
 without lofs of time. 
 
 780. On the 1 3th Auguft the refident received, from the Peifliwah's 
 minifler, a propofal founded on the above-mentioned obfervation of 
 the refident. (Confultations 8th September, No. 63, 54.) His high- 
 nefs's propofition contained the following articles : 
 
 ift. That the territory ceded in the fouthern part of his highncfs's 
 ftatc, valued at fixtecn lacs of rupees per annum, fhould revert 
 to his highncfs's power. 
 
 2d. That the diftrift of Colpar, near Surat, valued at three lacs 
 and fjxteen thoufand rupees per annum, fliould be alfb reflored 
 to his highnefs, for the purpofe of returning it to its firlt pof- 
 feflbr, Vittuil-Sook-Deo, an old and faithful adherent of the 
 Pcifhwah, to whom his highnefs intended to confide the com- 
 mand of the troops which fliould be levied to co-operate in the 
 defence of the city of Poonah.
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. 2S9 
 
 3d. That a regiment of native cavalry of the fame ftrength as 
 thofc attached to the auxiHary forces at Hyderabad, fliould be 
 added to the auxihary forces at Poonah. 
 4th. That the mihtary force which the Peifliwah was to furnifli 
 in time of war, fliould be reduced to 5000 horfe and 3000 
 foot ; that, however, his highnefs fliould, in addition, furnifli 
 a large body of cavalry and infantry, if his means would 
 permit. 
 5th. That the Britifli government fliould keep up a corps of 5000 
 Mahratta horfc during the war, including therein, that which 
 was ferving in General Wellefley's army, under the immediate 
 command of Ghatka, and Appa-Deflaye, and that this corps 
 of cavalry fliould continue to be at the Peifliwah's charge. 
 Cth. That the Peifliwah fliould cede, in perpetuity, to the honor- 
 able company, in the province of Bundelcund, a territory bring- 
 ing in a revenue of 3 lacs and 1 6,000 rupees per annum, in the 
 following manner, 
 ifl:. In exchange for the part of the Peifliwah's fl:ates, ceded in 
 
 the fouth, and mentioned in the firfl: article ; a territory 
 
 equal to the value of an annual revenue of iC lacs of 
 
 rupees. 
 2d. In exchange for the diftrid of Colpar, mentioned in the 
 
 2d article,* a territory equivalent to an annual revenue of 3 
 
 lacs and 00,000 rupees. 
 3d. For the acquittance of the pay and expences of a regiment 
 
 of cavalry, mentioned in the 3d article, a territory bringing 
 
 in an annual revenue of ^ lacs and 50,000 rupees. 
 4th. As an equivalent for the expenfe which the government 
 
 would be at in paying and fupportlng, during the prefent 
 
 * The article referred to, fays 3 lacs aJid 1 0,000 in/iead of Z lai$ 
 midQQ,000.
 
 260 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 war, the 5,000 Mahratta cavalry, mentioned in the 4tU 
 article, a territory equivalent to an annual revenue of 5 lacs 
 of rupees. 
 5th. As an indemnity for the extraordinary expenfes the Britifh 
 government muft incur to eftablifli and maintain its authority 
 in Bundelcund, a territory equal to the annual value of 4 lacs 
 of rupees. All the territory ceded in Bundelcund, muft be 
 taken in that part of the province neareft to the Englifh pof- 
 fefsions, and in all cafes the moft convenient for the Britifh 
 government. 
 
 781. The Peifliwah's minifter declared that his highnefs's motives 
 in making this proportion, were, in deference to the defire of the 
 Governor-general, to fliow his fidelity in completing his engagements, 
 and to preferve, to himfelf, the means of rewarding Vittul-Sook-Deo 
 the moft faithful of his adherents. 
 
 782. The refident anfwered, that he fliould regard this propofition, 
 in its aftual form, as obligatory on the court of Poonah, as giving to 
 the Governor-general the right to put it in execution, in cafe it fhould 
 be approved of by his excellency, immediately, and without waiting 
 for a formal arrangement. This propofal was accepted by the Peifli- 
 wah's minifter in his highnefs's name. (Confultations 8th September, 
 No. 53.) 
 
 783. The Governor-general was of opinion, that the conditions of 
 this offer, with the exception of the article relating to the retrocefsion 
 ot Coljiar, which it was advantageous to keep on account of its conti- 
 guity to the town of Surat, were extremely beneficial to the Bfitifh 
 government. 
 
 78-4. The Pcilhvvah's propofition appeared alfo to give fatisfacflory
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT IN INDIA. TGI, 
 
 proofs of* the difpofitioii his highncfs had to adhere finccrcly to the 
 principles and fpirit of the engagements which he had contradtcd with 
 the honorable Company. 
 
 785. The Governor- general confcqucntly fignlfied to Colonel Clofc 
 his aflent to the claufcs in queftion, as well as his determination to 
 carry them immediately into execution, in all that related to the pro- 
 vince of Bundclcund. The refidcnt was ordered to ufc his endeavours to 
 prevail on the Peifliwah to relinquifli his demand, concerning the retro- 
 ceflion of Colpar ; but as the poffeffiou of this dillrift, fuppofing that 
 it was devolved to the company, was confidered by the Governor-ge- 
 neral as of inferior importance, comparatively to the general ad- 
 vantages of the propofed arrangement, the refident was authorifed, 
 in cafe the Peifhwah and Vittul-Sook-Deo were inflexible, in regard 
 to the retrocefTion of Colpar, not to prefs them on this point, and to 
 conclude, without further reference to the Governor- general, fup- 
 plementary articles to the treaty of BafTein, on the bafis of the Peifli- 
 v/ah's proportions. 
 
 786. The refident was loon afterwards charged to urge his highnefs 
 (Confultations 2nd of November, No. 150, A.) and obtain from him 
 orders to his officers in Bundelcund, for the purpofe of replacing under 
 the Britifh authority the diflrids which his highnefs had ceded to the 
 company; it was alfo further recommended to him, to require the 
 Peifhwah Shumfliair-Behauder, to abflain from every oppofition to the 
 meafures which the Britifh government might employ, to cflablifh the 
 company's authority in the diflrids of Bundelcund, ceded by the 
 Peifhwah. (Confultations, 2d November, No. 1O5, 172 tol75.) On 
 the 8th Odober, the refident at Poonah received an order from thq 
 Peifhwah, addreffed to the Man of Bufinefs of the late Allee-Behauder, 
 in Bundelcund, purporting, that thediftrifts giving an annual revenue 
 -of 30,10,000 rupees fliould be united to the BritiDi government. The 
 
 L I,
 
 362 HISTORY OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF 
 
 original order was immediately tranfmitted to the agent of the com- 
 mander in chief, in Bundelcund. 
 
 787. The refident at Poonah, feeing that all his endeavors to per- 
 fuade Vittul-Sook-Deo, to accept an indemnity equivalent to the dif- 
 trid; of Colpar, were unfucccfsful (Confultations, 2nd November, No, 
 112, 1 75.^ occupied himfelf in regulating the fupplementary articles to 
 the treaty of Baflein, on the bads of the Peifliwah's original propofition. 
 Thefe articles were figned at Poonah, on the 7th December, without 
 any eflential change in the Peifhwah's propofitions, and formally 
 ratified by the Governor- general on the 7th January, (Confultations 
 2nd December, No. 151 D. 151 E.) The negotiations which preceded 
 the effedive execution of the additional articles of the treatv, are in 
 the difpatches of the refident at Poonah, of which mention is made in 
 the minutes 2nd April, No. 146, 147, 151 A to 151 G. 
 
 788. The events which occurred at the court of Poonah, from 
 the time that the honourable Major-general Wellefley quitted that 
 city on the 4th June, 1803, to the conclulion of the peace with the 
 confederates, are detailed in the correfpondence, with the refident at 
 Poonah, cited in the minutes 2 ill July, 1803, nth Auguft, 8th Sep- 
 tember, 2nd November, and 2nd April. 
 
 789. All the other events with the exception of thofe before re- 
 lated in the 766th paragraph of this difpatch, are not of fuch impor- 
 tance as to be laid before your honourable committee. The Governor- 
 general, confequeutly, thinks it fufficient to point out to your honour- 
 able committee, the references above noted, to make it acquainted 
 with thofe points which are not particularly fpecified in this difpatch. 
 
 790. The Governor has now developed, in this difpatch, all the 
 events relative to the origin and conduct of the late war, except the
 
 THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT" IN INDIA. 263 
 
 Operations of the army, a detailed report of which has been regularly 
 tranfinitted to your honorable committee, from the commencement 
 of hoftilities until the conclufion of the peace. 
 
 791. Neither has the Governor- general comprifed in this difpatch, 
 the detail of the arrangements relative to the Treaties of Peace, con- 
 cluded with Dowlut-Row-Scindeah, and the rajah of Berar, the Go- 
 vernor-general having thought proper to addrefs to your honourable 
 committee a feparate difpatch on that important fubiect. 
 
 We have the Honor to be. 
 
 Honorable Sirs, 
 Your very faithful and obedient Servants, 
 
 (Signed) WELLESLEY, 
 
 G. H. BARLOW, 
 G. UDNY. 
 
 (For Faithful Tranflation,) 
 C. Berony, Interpreting Secretary to the Captain General. 
 
 Fort WilViam, 
 1 2th April, 1804. 
 
 '1 . Gillet, Printer, Salisbury-sq^uare.
 
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 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES 
 
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