4^2iA UC-NRLF B E 7TE 4MH P E 1146 H83 1809 MAIN :^^' J ^ \W .^I^^^- f^5 /. x. AN Orthographical Vocabulary. AN ORTHOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY, SHOWING WHERE THE FINAL CONSONANT SHOULD BE REPEATED IN SPELLING THE PAST TENSE AND THE PARTICIPLES OF ENGLISH VERBS. BY W. HUBAND. The duplication of consonants, when an additional termination is assumed, forms a difficulty in our orthography, which has embarrassed the most correct and accurate writers. walker's Rhym, Diet, SECOND EDITION. PRINTED BY THE AUTHOR. 1809. V PRELIMINARY REMARKS, The following pages form an Appendix to a volume of manuscript Essays on English Orthography. — ^The numerous verbs which they comprise, very frequently occur in Englishi composition -, yet their Orthography, which I find continually perplexing our most accurate writers, is not to be ascertained by any approved dictionary of our language — ^The practical utility, therefore, of the annexed Vocabulary, I presimie, will be readily admitted by those persons who may have occasion to consult it. Among the grammatical mischiefs produced by miswriting the verbs I have here compiled, the fol- lowing, perhaps, are not the least obvious. — By spelling sucti terms inaccurately, we frequently induce false prosody in reading English verse, and as frequently mislead students in the pronunciation of our language. Almost every individual who studies to write English correctly, experiences cpotiixual doubts, ijti 152 ^ PRELIMINARY REMARKS. what instances the final consonant of several verbs in the past tense and both participles, and likewise the final consonant of some irregular verbs in the active participle should be repeated ; nor am I indeed aware of any popular work of accredited authority, which could clear up those difficulties for the inqui' sitive. It is true, that many of the terms which compose the following catalogue, may be found in Dr. Ash's English dictionary: — the general plan, however, of that voluminous compilation, has beea so very frequently, and so very justly ridiculed by the learned, as to almost exclude it now, even from the shops of the book-sellers,* — In the great folio and quarto editions of Dr. Johnson'^s dictionary, several of the words which I have here arranged, may be selected from among the quotations, which th« truly learned and laborious compiler of that valuable work lias introduced, for the purpose of • Tbe reader, who is aware how closely the sciences of Orthography and Etymology are connected, is furnished with the following curious specimen of Dr. Ash's etymolo- g-rcal learning. — In Johnson's dictionary, we find thia article. — [Curmudgeon, n.— It is a vicious way of t^to- ikO\xncingcceur mecbanu Fr. — An unknown correspondent. | A person of ordinary intelligence, I apprehend, would understand Dr. Johnson to mean, that an unknown corres- pondent furnished him with this derivation.—Dr. Ash, however, adopts the foregoing article thus.—CuRMUDGEON. ft.-Froin the French (drur> unknown ^ and metbant a ewnsponitnU PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 7 exemplifying the a])plication of primitive verbs j yet, 1 apprehend, that circumstance can detract but little fiom the frequent convenience which a com- pendious collection of those terms must afford to numerous persons, whom we may continually perceive are inaccurate in the orthography of them 5 and the more especially when we reflect, that the formidable price, as well as the inconvenient size of Dr. Johnson's work, necessarily disqualifies it for general use, and confines it almost exclusively to the libraries of the learned. Perhaps the reader should be apprized, that inde- pendent of some anomalies in the orthography of the past tenses and participles of verbs, which usage 8eems to have permanently fixed in our language,our venerated Lexicogi-apher has incautiously sanctioned €ome manifest inaccuracies in spelling derivative ►verbs. — These negligences, if registered without iComment, in a vocabulary like this, would tend to materially corrupt our language. — I am aware, that Dr. Johnson, in treating on our orthography, in that admirable specimen of English composition prefixed to his dictionary, uses the following excul- patoiy expression :^ — " I have left in the examples to every author his own orthography unmolested, that the reader may balance suffrages, and judge between us." — It will be remembered, however, by Ithe critical reader^ that Jiis judgment as au orttio* 8 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. grapher cannot be exercised in such instances as the following, which I have hastily selected from oui dictionary, because, as the derivative verbs are not inserted in it*s series, we cannot ascertain how the compiler himself would have written them. '^ Were I in no more danger to be misled by igno- rance, than I am to be biassed [^biased] by interest, I might give a very perfect account." LOCKE. ^^ God has rivetted [riveted] the notion of himself into our natures." TILLOTSON, Though the annexed vocabulary, upon a cursory view of it's contents, may appear to be incomplete and defective, yet I entertain a hope, that those persons who may have occasion to refer to it, will either by immediate example, or from analogous principle, seldom fail of obtaining the information they seek for. I have very considerably abridged the number of words which the following catalogue should other- wise contain, by omitting almost every compound term, where the orthography of the final simple word, appeared to me sufficiently to ascertain it. On this principle I have very generally rejected such terms as begetting, overtopping, underbidding, S^c, with a numerous list of compound words of a similar description. It may likewise be necessary to premise^ PUELIMINARY REMARKS. ^ that 1 have omitted those few irregular verbs, which jn forming their participles passive, drop the final vowel, and double the final consonant -, as hite — hitterif smite — smitten, write' — written ; chide — chidden, hide — hidden, ride — ridden ; the passive participles of those verbs are usually inserted in our dictionaries. For certain grammatic anomalies which are appa- rent upon a critical examination of some of the articles included in the annexed vocabulary, I con- sider myself in no degree responsible. It was my object to take down the terms which I have registered, not as I might conceive they ought to be, but as I find they have been written by our most correct authors. Hence, in manifest violation of a veiy just grammatical rule insisted upon by Lowth, Walker, and others, I have written, counselled, worshipped, Uhelled, revelled, 8^c. after the most approved Eng- lish writers; though such orthography is neither conformable to analogy, nor justified by pronuncia- tion 3 but in truth, why we should write with Dr. Johnson, accosted, from the French accoster, yet acquitted, from the French acquiter, with several other words equally anomalous, I confess I am at a loss to conjecture. — The general usage of our most accurate writers, is in fact the only rule which can properly govern us in these orthographical difficulties. Every language, says our great philologer, has it's anomalies, which though inconvenient, and in them- selves once unnecessary, must be tolerated among the jmperfections of human things* — These anomalies 10 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. when they become thoroughly embodied into a language^ set the moat elaborate expostulations of ^liticism at defiance ; and can nevei" after be wisely rejected, or judiciously rectified. AK (15rt!)0srap!)tcal MAXIM. VERBS ending with a single consonant^ preceded by a single vowel, and, if of more than one syllable^ having the accent on the last, double the consonant in every part of the verb in which a syllable is added. Perhaps it may sufficiently illustrate the preceding rule, to observe, that conformable to the principle which it establishes, our correct authors write befitting, and benefiting, in the participles of their respective verbs. ^•IMfr w ♦•■■'^ AN (Brt|)ograp!)tcal VOCABULARjY, SHOWING, WHERE THE FINAL Cp?JSONANT SHOULD BE. REPEi^TJpi ' IN SPELLING THE PAST TENSE AND THE PARTI CIPXES OF ENGLISH V^I^BS. » ^ baimed B Bar, barred Barrel, barrelled Bed, bedded Befal, befalling Beg, begged Begin, beginid^g Bet, betted Bethral, bethrall^d Bib, bibbed Bid, bidding Blab,, blabbed Blot, -blotted Blur, blurred Bob, bobbed Bowel>,bpwelIed 14 BC C D Brag, bragged Brim, brimmed Bud, budded Cabal, caballed Cancel, cancelled Cap, capped Capot, capotted Carol, carolled Cavil, cavilled Cl annel, channelled Chap, chapped Char, charred Chat, chatted Chip, chipped Chisel, chiselled Chit, chitted Chop, chopped Clap, ' lapped Clip, clipped Clod, clodded Clog, clogged Clot, clotted Club, clubbed Cod, codded Cog, cogged Commit, committed Compel, compelled Complot, complotted Con, conned Concur, concurred Confer, conferred Control, controlled Coquet, coquetted Counsel^ counselled Cram, crammed Crib, cribbed Crop, cropped Crum, crummed Cub, cubbed Cudgel, cudgelled Cup, cupped Cut, cutting Dab, dabbed Dag, dagged Dam, dammed Dap, dapped Debel, debelled Defer, deferred Demit, demitted Demur, demurred Deter, deterred Dig, digging Dim, dimmed Din, dinned Dip, dipped Dishevel, dishevelled Dispel, dispelled Distil, distilled Dog, dogged • Don, donned D E F FG 15 Dot, dotted Drag, dragged Dram, di-ammed Drib, dribbed Drip, dripped Drivel, drivelled Drop, dropped Drub, drubbed Driig, drugged Drum, drummed Dub, dubbed Duel, duelled Dun, dunned Embar, embarred Embowel, embowelled Emit, emitted Empannel, empannelled Enamel, enamelled Enix)l, enrolled Entrap, entrapped Equip, equipped Escot, escotted Excel, excelled Expel, expelled Extil, extilled Extol, extolled Fag, fagged Fan, fanned Fat, fatted Fib, fibbed Fig, figged Fin, finned Fit, fitted Flag, flagged Flam, flammed Flap, flapped Flat, flatted Flit, flitted Flog, flogged Flop, flopped Fob, fobbed Forbid, forbidding Forestal, forestalled Foretel, foretelling Forget, forgetting Fret, fretted Fub, fiibbed Fulfil, fulfilled Fur, furied Gad, gadded Gag, gagged Gambol, gambolled Gem, gemmed Get, getting Gip, gipped Glad, gladded Glib, glibbed Glut, glutted Gnar, gnarred 16 G H J I I J K L God, godded Gospel, gos palled' Gravel, gravelled Grin, grinned Grovel, grovelled Grub, grubbed Gum, gummed Gutj gutted Hag, bagged Handsel, handselled Hap, happed Hatchel, hatchelledi Hem, hemmed Hip, hipped Hit, hitting Hitchel, hitchelled Hop, hopped Hovelj hovelled Hug, hugged Hum, hummed Hyp> hypped Jam, jammed Japan, japanned Jar, jarred Jet, jetted Jig^ jigged Immit, immitted Impel, impelled Incur, incurred Infer, inferred Instal, installed Instil, instilled Inter, interred Intermit, intermitted Inthral, inthralled Intromit, intromitted Job, jobbed Jog^ jogged Jug> jugged Jut, jutted Ken, kenned Kennel, kennelled Kernel, kernelled Kid, kidded Kidnap, kidnapped Knab, knabbed Knap, knapped Knit, knitting Knot, knotted Knub, knubbed Lag, lagged Lap, lapped Let, letting Level, levelled Libel, libelled Lig, ligged L M N NOP 17 Lip, lipped Lob, lobbed" Lop, lopped Lug', lugged Mad, madded Man, manned Manumit, manumitted Map, mapped Mar, marred Marshal, marshalled Marvel, marvelled Mat, matted Miscal, miscalled MispeJ, mispelled Mistel, mistelling Mob, mobbed Model, modelled Mop, mopped Mud, mudded Nab, nabbed Nap, napped Net, netted Nib, nibbed Nim, nimmed Nip, nipped Nod, nodded Nousel, nouselled Nut, nutted Occur, occurred Omit, omitted Onset, onsetting Pad, padded Pan, panned Pannel, pannelled Parcel, parcelled Pat, patted Patrol, patrolled Peg, pegged Pen, penned Permit, permitted Pig* pigged Pin, pinned Pip, pipped Pistol, pistolled Pit, pitted Plan, planned Plat, platted Plod, plodded Plot, plotted Plug, plugged Pod, podded Pommel, pommelled Pop, popped Postil, postilled 18 P Q R Pot, potted Pout, poutted Prefer, preferred Pretermit, pretermitted Prig, prigged Prim, primmed Prog, progged Prop, propped Propel, pi'opelled Pulvil, pulvilled Pun, punned Pup, pupped Put, putting Quarrel, quarrelled Quip, quipped Quit, quitting Quod, quodded Ram, rammed Rap, rapped Ravel, ravelled Rebel, rebelled Rebut, rebutted Recal, recalled Recur, recurred Refel, refelled Refer, referred Regret, regretted R S Remit, remitted Repel, repelled Revel, revelled Rid, ridding Rig, rigged Rip, ripped Rival, rivalled Rivel, rivelled Rob, robbed Rot, rotted Rowel, rowelled Rub, rubbed Run, running Rut, rutted Sag, sagged Sap, sapped Scab, scabbed Scan, scanned Scar, scarred Scrub, scrubbed Scud, scudded Scum, scummed Set, setting Sham, shammed Shed, shedding Ship, shipped Shog, shogged Shove], shovelled 19 Shred, shredded Shrivel, shrivelled Shrug, shrugged Shun, shunned Shut, shutting Sin, sinned Sip, sipped Sit, sitting Skim, skimmed Skin, skinned Skip, skipped Slam, slammed Slap, slapped Slip, slipped Slit, slitting Slop, slopped Slot, slotted Slur, slurred Smut, smutted Snap, snapped Snip, snipped Snivel, snivelled Snot, snotted Snub, snubbed Snug, snugged Sob^ sobbed Sop, sopped Sot, sotted Span^ spanned Spar, sparred Spet, spetted Spin, spinning Spit, spitting Split, splitting Spot, spotted Sprig, sprigged Sprit, spritted Spur, spurred Squab, squabbed Squat, squatted Stab, stabbed Star, starred Stem, stemmed Step, stepped Stir, stirred Stop, stopped Strap, strapped Strip, stripped. Strut, strutted Stub, stubbed Stud, studded Stum, stummed Stun, stunned Stut, stutted Submit, submitted Sum, summed Sun, sunned Sup, supped 20 ST T V U W Swabj swabbed Swag, s wagged Swig, swigged Swim, swimming Swop, swopped Tag, tagged Tan, tanned Tap, tapped Tar, tarred Ted, tedded Thin, thinned Throb, throbbed Thrum, thrummed Tin, tinned Tinsel, tinselled Tip, tipped Top, topped Trammel, trammelled Transcur, transcurred Transfer, transferred Transmit, transmitted Trap, trapped Travel, travelled Xrepan, trepanned Trig, trigged Trim, trimmed Trip, tripped Trot, trotted Tug, tugged Tun, turmed Tunnel, tunnelled Tup, tupped Twin, twinned Twit, twitted Victual, victualled Unrol, unrolled Wad, wadded Wag, wagged War, warred Wed, wedded Wet, wetted Whet, whetted Whip, whipped Whiz, whizzed Win, winning Wit, witting Worship, worshipped Wot, wotted Wrap, wrapped. THE END, ^^^:. ^'%^