^ . »^^-'^ ^gii^s^?^ B THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES 'Don't keep this Book for sake of life, For the owner carries a Barlow knife." PRIVATE LIBRARY or . T. L. psHER. C . ^5)®^ .J JVo. And please return it. You may think it a strange ^p™ request, but I find that, although my friends are ^'^i poor mathematicians, they are nearly all good ^w\ "BOOK-KEEPERS." i'\jyL/ f^ THE Galigraph Writing ffiacWne One touch of the finger should produce any character used by le operator of a ^Titing machine ; instruments that fail to accom- lish this are deficient and do not fully meet the necessity that rought them forth. These facts are self-evident. The ♦* CALIQRAPH'' is the only toriting machine that fully •onomizes time and labor, and economy of time and labor is the best •ason we knov for soliciting trade. We pubhsh 400 letters from prominent men and firms, which e convincing. ^ AWARDED the Medal at New Orleans World's Fair ; Mechanics' lir, San Francisco, 1886 ; International Exposition, Paris, 1887, and all the principal cities of the United States, 1884. The American Writing Machine Co., EW YORK OFFICE, No. 237 BROADWAY. HARTFORD, CONN remington Standard Typewriter. Remington No. 2. Tlie great majority of Stenographers and Operators of the Steno- graph use the Retnhujton Sffouhtrd 2 {/jh writer to transcribe their notes. We guaratitee the superiority of our machiues. Buy them, viith privilege of returning unbroken at anytime within 30 days for full price paid, if not absoluteli/ sutisfactorg in every respect. Send for Illustrated Catalogue of machines, and sample book of oui- fine linen papers. Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict, No. 339 BROADWAY, IVIANUAL The Stenograph BY M. M. BARTHOLOMEW (its inventor) , , , , 3 J > > i J^ 3 3 PUBLISHED BY UNITED STATES STENOGRAPH CO. 402 North Third Street ST. LOUIS, MO. NEW YORK OFFICE, 148 FIFTH AVENUE ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS IN THE YEAR 1887, BY U. S. STENOGRAPH CO. IN THE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, AT WASHINGTON, D. C. -yvA CONTENTS. PREFACE 5 TO THE STUDENT 6 CHAPTER I. Explanation of instrument, and directiovs for keeping it in order, ....... 7 CHAPTER n. Position, . . . . . . . .10 Use of hands, ....... 10 How ALPHABET IS FORMED, . . . . .11 Alphabet and punctuation marks, .... 12 CHAPTER III. Learning the alphabet, . . , . . .13 Alphabet exercises, ...... 14 Wordsigns, ........ 23 CHAPTER Vs\ Rules for spelling, ...... 24 CHAPTER V. Intermediate vowels. . . , . . .37 Words liable to clash, ..... 39 Additional wordsigns. . . . , .42 Abbreviations, ....... 43 Compound words, ....... 43 44833? CHAPTER VI. Expedients, ....... 44 Numbers, ......* .45 Initials, ........ 46 CHAPTER VII. Phrasing, ........ 47 Punctuation. PARAGRAPHING, ETC., .... 47 Corrections and insertions, . . . . .48 CHAPTER VIII. How to practice, ...... 50 CHAPTER IX. The AMANUENSIS : his qualifications and duties, . . 52 The verbatim reporter, ..... 55 Keturah. the cat, ....... 57 The months, ........ 70 Exercise in numbers, . . . . . . .71 PREFACE. The introduction of the Stenograph makes it necessary that there should be provided such instructions as will enable those who secure the instrument to correctly learn its use. The manual here presented is intended to supply this need. It is designed for those who desire to learn without a teacher, as well as for use in schools. In the first edition a full phonetic alphabet was pre- sented, some of the sounds being represented by double combinations. Thus, ii was used for the soimd of cnc a u, act for the sound of eu- ue, sh for zh, etc. In addition to this f, q, and x were omitted. In the later editions c, q, and x were restored to the alphabet, x being generally used as in the common spelling ; and the sounds aw au, otv ou, ew ue, etc., were represented as in the common spelling, the vowel being generally omitted from aic, ow; and u being used for eiv and ue. In the present edition a few other steps in the same direction have been taken. Q is used as in the common spelling instead of substituting kw for it ; c is retained when it represents its hard sound instead of substituting k ; and my, by, try, and similar 'words, are Tvritten as in the common spelling, instead of mi, hi, and tri. In short, the common spelling is retained where nothing is gained in the way of brevity by changing it Some of the punctuation marks, not being as suggestive as they might have been, have also been changed. It is hardly necessary to state that these changes and others not mentioned have been made with a view, not of confusing the hundreds who already use the Steno- graph, but of making its acquisition more easy to the thousands who are yet to learn it. TO THE STUDENT. It is of the utmost importance to the student that coiTect habits be formed at the beginning. To bring about this result, care should be taken to do eveiytliing thoroughly and well. But one thing at a time should be attempted, and that should be mastered before going to the next. To be a good stenogi*apher, one must have a fair edu- cation, must spell and punctuate well, must write a good hand or operate a tyi^e-writing machine, must be able to comprehend the meaning of what he is called upon to write, and be able to detect and correct the more com- mon errors in the use of language. Some students seem to thmk. because the Stenograph is an mstrument for shorthand writing, that a constant effort must be made to write rapidly. A greater mistake could not be made. The student should aim at strict accuracy, and let speed take care of itself. Speed comes only as the result of the familiarity gained by practice, and no amount of hurrv will hasten it. CHAPTER I. Explanation of the Instrument, AND DIRECTIONS FOR KEEPING IT IN ORDER. THE KEY-BOARD. From the accompanying cut it will be seen that there are only five keys, although at fii'st sight there appear to be more. No. 1 is straight, and has a marker on the end opposite the thumb-piece. The other four are V-shaped, having markers on the curved parts and finger-pieces on each extremity. The four finger-pieces on the left of the key-board, numbered 2, 3, 4, and 5, make the same marks on the paper as the four on the right bearing the same numbers. The keys on the right are operated by the fingers of the right hand, and those on the left by the fingers of the left hand. The Spacing-Key lies a little higher and just back of the other keys It moves the paper without making any mark upon it. and its use is to make spaces between the words. This is done by striking it after each word is finished. It should, however, be sti-uck only once between words. The tension of the spring which actuates the spacing- key is regulated by the little thumb-nut near the center of the key.. It should only be strong enough to move the key promptly. The Inked Hibbon, — At each movement of the keys, or any of them, the inked ribbon is pressed against the paper, makmg the marks upon it. This ribbon moves slowly along as the writing takes place. "When it is all or nearly all wound upon one reel, it should be made to wind itself upon the other by moving the little arm or handle at the back of the instrument to the left or right, as the case may be. The inked ribbon should be used only so long as it makes the marks plainly upon the paper with a light pressure. When it ceases to do this, it should be re- placed by a new one. When about to put on a new ribbon, cut the old one off, leaving about one inch attached to each reel. To these ends stitch the ends of the new ribbon, being care- ful to keep the edges even. 9 The Paper Guide. — At the inner end of the paper guide there is a little roller, which presses the paper against the rubber roller. This should be looked at frequently, and cleaned and oiled when necessary. If neglected, it is liable to become clogged with dirt and dust from the paper and inked ribbon. The Paper Moll must move with entire freedom, and not bind in the center or on the arms of the paper holder. To put in a new roll, take out the small wooden center from the block on which the paper was wound and put it into the new one, then place it in the paper holder. Cleaning, etc, — Dirt is an enemy to all machinery. Even a gold pen will become unfit for use if neglected. The Stenograph should be examined every month or so, and should be cleaned and the bearings oiled as often as is necessary. The little roller which presses the paper against the rubber roller, the pawl which causes the rubber roller to revolve, and the pawl spring, should receive especial care. Clock oil should be used, but in very small quantities. If a Stenograph does not work properly, it will be f omid in most cases that it only needs cleaning, or that the tension of the space-key sf)ring needs adjusting. CHAPTER 11. POSITION— USE OF HANDS— ALPHABET. POSITION. An erect, easy, and natural position of the body con- tributes to health and comfort as well as ease of work. The arms should hang naturally at the sides, neither being pressed against nor held too far from the body. Avoid leaning forward over the instrument. USE OF THE HANDS. It is of the greatest importance to the student that he should learn to use the hands cUtertiately. This \vill require very careful attention for a few days. Remember that, in writing upon the Stenograph, the hands are used in the same manner that the feet are used in walking — first one and then the other. By placing the hands over the key-board it will be seen that there is but one key for each finger. The keys should be struck by the fingers to whiclithey belong. The space-key should always be struck by the first or second finger. The first and second fingers are stronger than the others, and care must be taken to give sufficient pressure 11 with the httle and third fingers and the thumb to make the marks plainly. The strokes should be made with regularity. To do this, no attempt should be made at writing rapidly. If a word is written too quickly it necessitates stopping to think how to write the next, and no speed is gained by such effort. The fingers should curve naturally and gracefully, and not stick out straight. DIRECTIONS FOR USING THE HANDS. Use the hands alternately. Use but one hand at a time. Write Avithout looking at the instrmnent. Keep the hands over the keys. Strike the keys with the fingers to which they belong. Press the keys down instead of striking them, but do not hold them down. Lift the fingers from the keys instead of sliding them off. The keys should be depressed with an even pressure. Do not lift the hands high above the keys. A-Void moving the whole arm ; the movement should be principally from the wrist. HOW THE ALPHABET IS FORMED. If the whole five keys are depressed at the same time with either hand, a line of marks or dashes is made across the paper ribbon, thus || 1|. The alphabet is formed from these marks as shown below. Note.— The letters D, N, R, T, and S are made by striking one key at a time ; all other letters are formed by depressing two or more keys at once. 12 ALPHABET. 5 4 + 3 3 2 2 5 5 44 4 3 3333 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 444 33 22 2 I I 5 5 5 4 3 2 5 5 5 5 4 4-4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I i I I I I t I I I I I I I 'DNRT5 LMCZ YIVThPK HWB EFGMg X05h UQJACh I I I II I I I I I 11 I I . II ' ■ ..' I. Ml • I I I I II I I I I 'mI I I '1' ABCDEFGHIJKLMN0PQR5TUVWXYZ ThSbChM^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 !' 1 1 1' 1 1 1 1. i! II II . , ; : ! ? - [ ] or ( ) - " Note — The figures placed above the letters indicate the keys which are used in producing them. Thus : the figures 1, 2, 3, above Y, indicate that that letter is made by striking keys Nos. 1, 2, and 3 at one time. CHAPTER III. LEARNING THE ALPHABET— ALPHABET EXERCISES — WORDSIGNS. LEARNING THE ALPHABET. A good way of memorizing the alphabet is to commit a few letters at a time, and then write words containing those letters until they are firmly impressed upon the memory. Each of the following exercises should be carefully wTitten, and the reading exercises read, several times before passing to the next. Caution, — To know that the hands should be used alternately is not enough. The learner should watch and see that he does so use them. Many persons who learn without a teacher fall into the habit, without knowing it, of commencing each word with the right hand or the left, or of striking the space-key always with one hand or the other. To avoid these and similar mis- takes, it is simply necessary to change hands ivith each stroke. Note. — After Avriting a word, let the finger which pro- duced the space rest lightly upon the space-key until ready to begin the next word. Then raise the finger and begin with the other hand. 14 ALPHABET EXERCISE I. D, N, E, T, S. did dd none nn done dn read rd and nd stand stnd dear dr street strt run rn turned trnd nor ru- surround smd not nt return rtrn said sd render rndi- sir sr sister sstr seen sn tender tndr READING EXERCISE I. I ' ' Ill I I ^■l\^, ''■ \ '■, ,■' I I I U I 15 ALPHABET EXERCISE II. L, 31, C, Z. let It can en less Is care cr deal dl case cs teU tl does dz seU si says sz made md cause cz men mn zest zst Mr mr zeal zl met mt caU cl name nm came cm room rm some sm time tm dozen dzn Be sure to use your hands alternately. READING EXERCISE II. I I i .1 I I I I I I I 16 ALPHABET EXERCISE III. r, /, V. year yr visit vzt yet yt yonder jTidr yes ys many mny my my river rvr it it tardv trdv sit sit velvet vlvt live Iv illustrate ilstrt move mv immense imns vest vst memory mmry See Caution, page 15. READING EXERCISE III. II II I I I I I i I i I I I I i I III II II II II I I I I I I III I I I I I il' I I i I I I I I ! ' > I I I II II I . I I I .1 I II II III. I II 17 ALPHABET EXERCISE IV. Th, P, K. then thn take tk there thr make mk that tht look Ik thus ths kill kl them thm kind knd paid pd south sth poor pr person prsn put pt plank pink pass ps southern sthrn place pis proper pi-pr Note. — T/f, sh, and ch are single letters, and should each be written with one stroke — not by t and li, s and^/?, and c and h separately. READING EXERCISE IV. I I I I I III I I I i I I I II II I I I II 1^ I • , ' ' » • ' I I I I 11 II 11 I III III II III I III ' ■■ ' ■ I 18 ALPHABET EXERCISE V. H, tt; B. had hd but bt her hr been bn him hm book bk have hv blind bind house hs how hw will wl wonder wndr were wr hunter hntr with %vth between btwn now nw wliirl whrl saw sw winter wntr READING EXERCISE V 1 1 j 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1 1 1 .. . .' I'l 1 .'1 l" l' II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .1 .' II 'l .1 ." l'. II ' 1 II II '• ', ': '■ '■. 'i. '•;, '■, I .' 1 .1 . i ' . " .I'l 19 ALPHABET EXERCISE VI. E, F, G, Ngr- ebb enter esteem ended settle for fill good gone get eb entr estm endd setl fr fl gd gn gt forget friend strife life wife bargain event longer elder beautiful frgt frnd strf If wf brgn evnt Ingr eldr btfl * On account of the letter ng (2 3 5) being rather diffi- cult to make, the two single letters n and g are used in its stead. READING EXERCISE VI. ,' '. . !. i i I I t i I I I III I I I I I I I I I I I I .1 . I I 1 1 I I I I i I I I I i I III I .11 il I I ALPHABET EXERCISE VII. 0, X, Sh. or or shall shl no no should shd so so shut sht order ordr wish wsh old old fish fsh ox ox older oldr box bx extent xtnt tax tx explain xpln fix fx shoulder shldr vex vx cash csh Note. — Remember that sh is a single letter and is made at one stroke, and not by writing s and h sep- arately. READING EXERCISE VII. I I I I I I III I '. ' 'i I ' I I III . I . I I II I III III I I I I III I II I . i . I I I I I I I I I ^ I I I I I I II I I I I fill I I I I I I I I I M I I III I " '. '■ ' "' I.' ', ' i'm I II II II I II III 11 21 ALPHABET EXERCISE VIII. U, Ch, J. new nu much mch few fu true tru sue su jar jr chair chr joy jy child chid June jun rich rch Jordan jrdn teach tch children chldm such sch jury jry Note. — Learning to call g gay associates the hard sound with it and helps to avoid confusion with the letter j. [See Note, last page.] READING EXERCISE VIII. i i i T i I ! I'. 'I 'I '.! .! '.. '! I I .1 'i i .11 I ' I I II III I . I II II II III I Ml . I , II I I II II i I I I * I II I 1 1 I 1 1 . t I II II II II 11,1 1 1 ^ I M Ml Ml I MM 1 ! I Ml II I I I L 22 ALPHABET EXERCISE IX. A, Q. an an quality qity at at quantity qntty alarm alrm request rqst alone aln amount amnt queen qn abound abnd quite qt abandon abndn queer qr abroad abrd quarrel qrl another anthr require rqr around arnd frequent frqnt army army READING EXERCISE IX. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I. I I I I I II III III I III I I i I I I I I I I III I I I I I I III I I I I I III Mil I J II II I II I I I I I I 23 WORDSIGNS. The letters of the alphabet, except e, k, and x, are used singly to represent words of frequent occurrence. A number of other common words are represented by abbreviations more or less arbitrary. These letters and abbreviations when so used are called wordsigns. The alphabet wordsigns. and those contained in the second list, should be thoroughly learned before proceeding further. ALPHABET WORDSIGNS. A .b '^ P up Kjj-tMAA b be q question c come d do y '- f if g go, ago h he i i, eye J age ' I all m me, am r are- '" s as, us t to ■ u you V of w we - V^(^ y why ''""''^ z is, his th . the in ( sh she on ch which WORDSIGNS.— SECOND LIST. *d and thg thing ny any pn upon fm from un under fs first vr very ou our, hour ht what ot out hn when thk think rr where Note. — It should be remembered that the wordsigns are arbitrary, and are in no way connected with the rules for spelling. CHAPTER IV. RULES FOR SPELLING. Tlie pronunciation of words forms the basis of the spelling employed in the use of the Stenograph. How this spelling differs from that in common use is shown by the following niles and the examples following them. The common spelling, however, is retained in such words as would not be shortened by changing them By, my, try, cry. fly, salt, and malt are examples. Note.— Until the rules for writing vowels are reached students will please bear in mind that vowels com- mencing words are always written, and those occurring in the body of words are generally omitted. CONSONANTS. Rule I.— Omit Silent Letters. 1, — One of Double Letters, egg eg little Itl ebb eb letter Itr will wl manner mnr pass ps summer smr 25 caught taught aught night nit right lit sight sit caut taut owe fright tight fiorht frit tit fit fraught fraut daughter dautr slaughter slautr shght slit plight plit delight dlit See also Rules XII and XIII. H,—T. 4.—L often ofn catch cch soften sfn pitch pch listen Isn dispatch dspch fasten fsn kitchen kchn could cd should shd would wd half hf balm bam psalm sam calm cam qualm qam palm pam Note. — But silent I is retained in talk (tlk>, icalk (ivlk), walker (wlkr), to make a distinction between these words and take, week, and weaker. LI may also be retained in such words as tall and hall whenever neces- sary to keep them from clashing with tail, tale, hail, etc. 5.— W. write rit written rtn wrong rng wrangle rngl wreck rek wrestle rsl whole hoi wrinkle rnkl 6» — Om it c from ck. sick sk rock rk back bk shock shk track trk quick qk stock stk quicker qkr 7.—C in sc iv hen ; c is SI lent science sins ascertain asrtn scent snt susceptible ssptbl muscle msl viscera Tsra ascend asnd But when sc are both pronounced they should both be written : score (scoi^), scar (scar). 8.— Initial K. knife nif know no knap nap knowledge nlj knit nit knee ne knot not kneU nel 9.—G. gnat nat resign rzin gnaw naw design dzin gnarl narl benign bnin gnostic nostic ensign ensin sign sin foreign forin 10-B. lamb lam plumb plum climb dim debt det thumb thum doubt dt 11.— D, adjoin ajn adjacent ajsnt adjourn ajrn adjudge ajj adjust ajst adjure ajur —N. hymn hni condemn cndm damn dam solemn solm column colm Rule II .-Write f instead of ph. paragraph prgrf phelps felps telegraph tlgrf philosophy flosfy stenograph stngrf Philadelphia fldlfia Rule III.— Substitute sh for t, c, and s, when they represent the sound of sh. 1. — Shu for Hon, ciatif sion. nation nashn physician fzshn station stshn electrician elctrshn procession prosshn intercession intrsshn -Shi for Half cial. partial prshl special spshl martial mrshl artificial artfshl essential esnshl crucial crushl credential crdnshl official ofshl 3,—Sfis for tious, cious, and sciotis. cautious cshs officious ofshs precious prshs judicious jdshs conscious cnshs spacious spashs gracious grshs efficacious efcshs 4»—Shf for ci ate, Hate, officiate ofsht initiate insht associate assht vitiate visht appreciate aprsht 5,— Shut for tientf eient, slenf. patient pshnt sufficient sfshnt efficient efshnt transient trnshnt ancient anslint 6, — Shns for fience, science, patience pshns conscience cnshns 7. -Sfir for sure. sure shr assurance ashms assure ashr insurance nshrns insure nshr measure mshr pleasure plshr treasure trshr leisure Ishr seizure seshr Rule IV. — Substitute z for s where the sound is clearly that of z. cause cz seems smz foes foz does dz tells tlz rose roz savs sz sells slz music mzc 29 The termination ism is ivritten zni, barbarism brbrzm socialism soshlzm pauperism pauprzm americanism amrcnzm The termination tes is written z or iz. parties prtz sundries sndrz ladies ladiz carries cariz duties dutz marries mariz beauties butz tarries tariz Rule v.- Su bstitute s for c when it repre sents its soft sound. place pis office ofs since sns justice jsts twice tws succeed scsd force fors certain srtn Note. — But cty seems to be a better spelling for city than sty, and will be so used. Rule VI.- -Ch ange ed to t where the sour is that of t. wished wsht finished fnsht flashed flsht diminished dmnsht lashed lasht cherished chrsht washed washt polished polsht 30 Rule VII.— Substitute j for g and dg where the sound is that of j, gem jm edge ej gentle jntl judge jj george jrj bridge brj german jrmn sledge slj Note. — Thinking of g as gay makes the application of this rule more easy. Rule VIII.— Write gw instead of gu when the pronunciation is that of gw. anguish angwsh languor Ingwr languish Ingwsh language Ingwj sanguine sngwn distinguish dstngwsh languid Ingwd McGuire mcgwr But when u following g has not tike sound of w it should not be so written. guage gj or gaj guard grd or gard Suasion and jjersuade are spelled suishn ernd prswd . One and oiice are spelled wn and icns. VOWELS Ordinarily the single letters a e i o u are used to rep- resent both their long and short sounds. Thus, fat and /a ^t^ are spelled /a f; night and knit, nit; set and seat, set; got and goat, got ; bought and boat, bot, etc. But when for any reason it is desirable to make a distinction between such words, final e may be added to indicate that the preceding vowel is long, or the common spelling mav be used. Rule IX.— Omit final e winen not needed to show that the preceding vowel is long. stole stol whole hoi sane san shone shon Rule X.- Write a i nstead of ay and e] say 8a play pla they tha may ma stay sta prey pra day da pray pra obey oba lay la gray • gra Rule XI.— Write o instead of ow and ou when the sound is that of o. show sho throw thro snow sno flow flo 32 Rule XII.— Instead of eigh write a or i, ac- cording to pronunciation. sleigh weight sla wat freight height frat hit Rule XIII.— Substitute o for ough when the sound is that of o. thought thot ought ot bought bot sought sot Note. — The following words are spelled as indicated : fought fot though tho thorough thoro tough rough enough through bough tuf ruf enf thru bw or bow trough straight laugh draught trof strat laf draft Rule XIV.— Write u instead of ew and jew. new few crew flew nu fu cm flu strew knew view review stru nu vu rvu Rule XV.— Use a single vowel instead of two or more when one represents the sound with sufficient clearness. oath oth boat bot coat cot coal col soul sol source sors course cors beau bo bureau buro tableau tablo flambeau flmbo 33 death deth or dth seat set bread bred seal sel meadow niedo fear fer earth erth beast best each • ech feast fest tme tru suit sut Europe urp sue su fruit frut Eugene ujn blue blu recruit rcrut euphony ufny Note. — Ue is silent, and should be omitted in tongue (tng), rogue (rog).. prologue (prolog), dialogue (dilog). see bee tree free se be tre fre sheet seed feed breed shet sed fed bred guide guild gid gild guise disguise giz dsgiz shield priest sheld prest tried replied trid rplid paint saint faint pant sant fant hail sale taU hal sal tal Note. — While it is generally sufficient to use a for oi, and o for oa, it is sometimes better to retain both letters. Blaine (blain) and Maine (main) are examples. Note. — It is generally better to retain the vowel used in the common spelling than to substitute another which more nearly represents the sound. Thus sir and bird I are preferable to siir and hurcl. 34 How certain Sounds are represented. All is represented as in the common spelling, except that silent I is omitted. ah ah calm cam bah bah balm bam art art palm pam arm arm psalm sam Aw aiif ow oUt Of/ oif oo, — The sounds represented by the italicised letters in lair, la^^d, nou\ loud, hoy, hoil, food, are represented as in the common spelling, except that a and o are frequently omitted from aw, ow, and oy. saw law thaw sw Iw thaw author august autmun authr augst autra now how plow nw hw plw loud sour flour loud sour flour joy annoy alloy jy anv aly toil boil soil toil boil soil mood food mood food (or fd) cool spool cool spool 35 Rule XVI.— Use y instead of ia, ie, io, ua, and iou, in the following and similar words. jnyl flyl blys genial filial bilious prettier sunnier funnier annual manual gradual prtyr sunvr funyi' anvl mnvl gradyl Failure and tenure are spelled ^/?^/'. tnyr. Note. — But y is not needed in million mln companion brilliant brlnt convenient familiar fmlr senior snyr junior jnyr courtier crtyr farrier fryr carrier cryr terrier tryr period pryd previous prvys serious srys cmpnn cnvnnt Note. — Rules IX to XVI inclusive relate to liow to write vowels; the following rules relate to u-hen to write them. Initial vowels are those which begin words. Final vowels are those which end words. Intermediate vowels are those which occur in the body of words. Rule XVII.-Wrlte all Initial Vowels. or or impel impl art art employ emply ask ask often ofn end end offer ofr enter entr utter utr attend atnd ultra ultra 36 Rule XVIII. -Write all pronounced Final Vowels. so so try try no no sly sly know no true tru high hi stew stu sigh si knee ne throw thro through thru Rule XIX.— Omit Intermediate Vowels when not essential to legibility. but bt them thm not nt stand stnd had hd tender tndr been bn number nmbr Note. — Great assistance in learning to spell may be derived from reading the writing of good operators and selections printed in Stenograph type. CHAPTER V. INTERMEDIATE VOWELS. The student will probably experience very little diffi- culty with the preceding rules, except the last, which re- lates to the use of intermediate vowels This rule directs the omission of such vowels when they are not essential to legibUity. The question naturally arises : When are intermediate vowels essential to legibility? The purpose of the next few paragraphs will be as far as possible to answer this question. If all intermediate vowels, or even all accented ones, were to be written, many unnecessary letters would be made ; if all were ommitted, the reading would be in- volved in difficulty and error. For instance, no one would have any doubt as to the correct reading of "it shd nt hv bn dn." But " it z a smlr hs " might be read " it is a smaller house" or "it is a similar house." " H spks frly " might be rendered " he speaks /a irZ?/" or " he speaks /reeZ?/." " It z a prmnnt bldg " might be " it is a permanent building" or "it is sl prominent building." No positive rules can be given for the guidance of the learner in this respect. He must, to a considerable ex- tent, rely upon his o\vn judgment. The following facts and suggestions, however, if thoroughly familiarized, will be of great assistance to him. 448337 88 1. — Frequent words are not so likely to re- quire vowels as rare ones. 2 — Short words are more likely to require vowels tJiati long ones. Thus, j/r are the consonants of poor, per. pure, pour, pear, pair ; and lips are the consonants of hopes, heaps, hips, and hops. But place these two syllables together and we have prhps, which can only represent the ^ov^ perhaps. 3.— Words of the set me 2^ffi't of speech are liable to clash, while words of different parts of speech are not. Hence men and man (both nouns) should be -written differently : while men (noun) and mean (verb or adjective) may be spelled alike. 4.— Of words liab/e to clash the most frequent ones should be written without and the least frequent wilJi vowels. were wr Avore wor for fr fear fer fire fir Note. — It is sometimes ditficult to tell which of two words IS the more frequent. In such cases a vowel may be inserted in either or both of them. Freely and fairly. and nation and notion, are illustrations. 5. — In the use of vowelSf accented ones should be given the preference. 6. — Vowels should generally be inserted in words unfamiliar to the writer. 7. — Proj}er names, especi(tlly if unfamiliar, sJkOuld be written quite fully. But intermediate vowels need not be used in very frequent proper names. have hv heave hev had hd heed lied 39 such as Smith and Johnson, the spelling of which is sufficiently suggestive without them. 8. — Foreign and technical tvords should also be written quite fulUj. 9.— Whenever a word tvhich is ordinarily tvritten ivithout voivels is used in a netv or unusual tvay it should be more ftdly spelled. 10. — Finally f the oiyerator tnust use his mind as well as his fingers, and insert vowels ivher- ever they seem to be necessary. If he is watchful, he will in time learn to feel instinctively where this should be done. Both vowels should be inserted in the following and similar words : follow folo cruel cruel borrow boro fuel fuel pillow pilo jewel juel bureau buro suet suet Remark — A distinction should be made between writing for one's own reading and writing for the read- ing of another. The writer must bear in mind that certain words which are familiar to him may be rare or unknown to others. On the other hand, he should take it for granted that the words represented by wordsigns and all frequent words are written the same by all operators. WORDS LIABLE TO CLASH. When, in reading, two or more words are liable to be taken for one another, they are said to clash. The chief use of intermediate vowels is to prevent this. In some instances the context will enable one to determine which 40 of two or more words was intended : in others a differ- ence in spelling must be made to avoid error in reading. The following list contains the most frequent of the words which should be distinguished. Their spelling should be thoroughly learned. but bt good gd bought bot god god come c him hm came cm home hom for fr men mn far far mean mn fear fer man man fire fir this ths find find thus thus found fnd these thz those thoz then thn that tbt than than thought thot cry cry party prty carry cary purity purty command cmnd person prsn commend emend parson parsn contains cntnz permanent prmnnt continues cntnuz prominent prommit flow flo preparation prprashn follow folo proportion prporshn gentle jntl nm rn genteel jntel ran ran 41 held hid said sd hold hold side Sid Ufe If spirit sprt laugh laf sport sport support suprt less Is separate seprt loss los smaller smlr left 1ft similar sim laughed laft step stp machine mchn stop stop motion mshn mission niishn try try minister mnstr tarry tary monster monstr turn trn train tran not nt note not were wr night nit wore wor The foregoing list is not intended to be complete. Indeed it would be difficult, if not impossible, to make a list which would contain all words liable to clash, as words which are usually entirely distinct sometimes occur in such a peculiar or unusual way as to make the reading uncertain. The object to be kept in mind is to write all ivords so that they can he read not only tvith ease but with certainty. f^- On^^ U-^-^«-tV^l, £.-^^t. c^-^ S„ -VM^. « , ' -'y U^ y ff^ ADDITIONAL WORDSIGNS. / about ab never nv after af next nx answer ans necessary nss notwithstanding ntwth before bf business bz only onl over ov company CO object ob circumstance stns objection obn opportunity op differ-ent-ce df difficult-y dfk probable-y-ity prb recollect-ion rec ever-y ev remember iTQm especial-ly esp respect rsp railroad nd generally .pl gentleman jman self sf gentlemen jmn several sv satisfy -ied sat into int satisfactory sat important-ce imp satisfaction satn improbable-ity imprb similar sim. impossible-ity imps subject sb mo unto OA - ojXf - a^Uf-o^^'-i^' u i^-^i i^y\L-Aj. oM^^ ^ aZd2^<-^ unt 43 ABBREVIATIONS. The abbreviations in general use raay also be employed. The period need not, however, be inserted after them. Mr Jan Va Mrs Feb Pa Gov Aug Mass (Mas) Co Sep Wis COMPOUND WORDS. Words compounded from vrordsigns should generally be speUed as when written separately. afternoon afnn overthrow ovthro afterward afwTd outside otsd everywhere evrr outwit ot^vt elsewhere elsrr outward otwrd whatever htev wherever rrev overcome ovc whereby rrby CHAPTER VI EXPEDIENTS— NUMBERS-INITIALS. EXPEDIENTS. Tlie plan of spelling set forth in the prec*eding pages requires the ^n•iting of all pronounced consonants and all initial and final vowels. It is believed, however, that the following expedients may be used to advantage : 1. — Omit e from the syllable ex. extend xtnd express xprs extent xtnt explain xpln 2. — Omit i from the sylhible in. intend ntnd instruct nstrct indeed ndd influence nflns 3. — Use ff for the syllable ing. being bg saying sag doing dg playing plag going gg writing ritg Note. — But n should not be omitted before fj wheie the'syllable ing does not distinctly occur : bring brng fling flng sting stng spring sprng 45 Nor in words like the following : song sng among amng long Ing young vng sti'ong strng 4. — Omit t from st in icords like the following : best bs east es must ms west ws just js postpone pspn against agns almost alms 5. — Write sf for the syllable self. herself hrsf myself niysf himself hmsf yourself yrsf itself itsf 6*. — Write sz for selves in compound words. ourselves ousz themselves thmsz yourselves yrsz 7. — Write thg for thing in compound words. anything nythg nothing nthg everything evthg something smthg NUMBERS. Numbers are written by using letters to represent the figures 1, 2, 3, etc.. as follows : I ' • i • I 1234 5 67890 46 Both before and after writing a number all the keys should be depressed with one hand or the other, thus : I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 135 1887 693 In most cases it is safe to represent the ordinals with- out the addition of st, nd, rd, and th — thus : !. 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 i! 1' 1. 1 1 1 24th 13rh 67 th Everything should be written carefully, but especial pains should be taken with numbers. INITIALS. In writing initials, the comma should be placed im- mediately after each letter, after which a space should be made. I I .1 'I 'I ' I I I t I I & A. R. R. Co. D. 1881. CHAPTER VII PHRASiNG— PUNCTUATION, PARAGRAPHNG, ETC, —CORRECTIONS AND INSERTIONS. PHRASING. Phrasing consists in writing certain words without making spaces between them, thus : tb, to be ; mb, may be. Experience sliows that those who use phrasing very little or not at all attain as great a speed and write with more freedom than those who use it much. For this reason, students are recommended to employ only the following phrases : of the vth and the ndth in the nth to be tb to the tth niay be mb PUNCTUATION, PARAGRAPHING, ETC. Punctuation is an important matter. Two or more meanings can frequently be given to the same sentence by varying or omitting the points. All important pauses should be noted, but it is not necessary that a distinction should be made between commas, semicolons, etc. , in all cases. It is generally sufficient to use the period to indicate the full pauses, and a line of marks | 1 to indicate the minor pauses. 48 To indicate that another paragraph should be com- menced, write the word "paragraph" (prgi-f). Other directions, such as " skip one line,'' " leave space for one word," may be indicated by writing those words. The student should in his practice use all the punctu- ation marks until he becomes familiar with them, as some persons dictate not only the words they wish to have written, but also tlie punctuation marks, para- graphs, spacing, etc.. and the operator should be able to note them without hesitation. CORRECTIONS AND INSERTIONS. When a word has been im])roperly written, it is gener- ally sufficient to strike the space-key once and write it over again. It is sometimes better, however, to indicate, by striking the whole five keys tA^ace, juilZZZl » ^^^^ ^ mistake has been made, and then write the word or words correctly. If several words or a sentence have to be re- wT^tten, the five keys should be depressed several times, thus: ZZZZZ- In all cases a space should be made by striking the space-key once after the striking of the five keys before commencing the next word. When, in dictating a letter or other matter, the person dictating wishes to change the form of expression, the same method is followed. For instance, if he should say " We are inclined to doubt — take that out — we are sur- prised to learn,*' etc., the operator should stop writing when he says "take that out,'' strike the whole five keys several times, and write the sentence or expression over as finally dictated : or he may, if there is time, draw a single line with a pencil from the beginning to the end of the part to be stricken out. 49 In case an insertion has to be made some distance back, the operator may write "Insert after" (repeating the preceding words), and then write the words to be in- serted. He may also, if he can readily find the place, make a mark with pencil at the point where the inser- tion is to be placed. The operator should always have a pencil in good order at hand, so that he can use it whenever needed without loss of time. CHAPTER VIII. HOW TO PRACTICE. Learning to write well and accurately on the Steno- graph is accomplished chiefly by practice. This must, however, be done properly. The spelling must be such as to render correct reading possible and easy. The letters must be accurately formed, and the hands must be used properly. There may be such practice as will be detrimental rather than helpfid to the student. The student should frequently refer to the rules, direc- tions for using tlie hands, etc., and be sure that he is following them all in his practice. He should be espe- cially careful to use the hands alternately. Regularity of practice is very important. No matter how bright or quick a student may be, if his practice is only occasional his progress will be slow. Some definite, regular time should be set apart for daily practice, if possible. Nothing is more important to the student than the for- mation of the habit of accuracy. A letter should never be made until the combination representing it is clearly in the mind. Greater speed will be attained by writing deliberately enough to be accurate than by hurrying along, continually making mistakes and losing time correcting them. If constant care be exercised in this 51 respect, the student will, in a short time, be surprised to find how easy it is to wi-ite accurately. Notes thus taken will be read with more ease and certainty, and copied in less time and with less fatigue. Do not forget to accustom yourself to write without looking at the instrument. The best practice is from the reading of others. Two or more persons who write about the same speed can practice together to good advantage, either by reading to one another or by employing a reader. Interest in the study will be more easily kept up in this manner, and each will have the benefit of the judg-ment of the other in regard to the proper spelling of difficult words. To read well is fully as important as to write well. Therefore everything written should be read. This prac- tice, in addition to increasing facility in reading, will lead to the discovery and correction of mistakes made in writing. It is well also to read all the matter printed in Stenograph type that can be conveniently obtained. Tliis latter practice will aid greatly in learning to spell correctly. Much time should also be spent in transcribing notes, which it is essential to be able to do quickly and accu- rately. To do actual work well, a stenographer must compre- liend what he writes. This will be more easily done if the student forms the habit of paying attention to the sense of what he writes while practicing. At first, practice should be from pleasant and easily wTitten matter. After some speed is attained, the daily papers afford good matter for practice. CHAPTER IX. THE AMANUENSIS, HIS QUALIFICATIONS AND DUTIES— THE VERBATIM REPORTER. The first requisite of a good amanuensis is to be able to write in a legible manner at a speed of at least 100 words per minute, and to accurately and neatly transcribe the same. Ability to write a good hand, or to operate a type- writing machine, is a necessity. Probably the great majority of those who employ stenographic clerks require them to use type-writing machines in the transcription of their notes. To do work neatly on these machines, the oper- ator must be dehberate. The remai'ks on page 50, in regard to care and accmacy in the use of the Stenograph, apply with equal force to type-\%Titing machines. Correct spelling and capitalization are imperative in the work of the amanuensis. A dictionaiy should be kept near at hand, and consulted when any tloubt is felt as to the correct spelling of a word. If an operator cannot punctuate fairly, he should at once seek to become able to do so. This can be learned from books intended for the purpose, and by noticing the use of the various points in accurately written letters and other matter. Beai-ing the reason of the points and the sense of the matter in mind will greatly assist him. 53 Beginners are cautioned against using too many punctua- tion marks, which is a greater fault than using too few. Letters and other documents must be written in proper form. Every amanuensis must be able to do this. If the employer prefers any particular form, that form should be followed. Paragraphing, should be properly done. With every change in the topic a new paragraph should be com- menced.* Not enough stress is placed by beginners generally upon neatness in doing their work. Too much care can not be bestowed upon this point. Facility in getting out work is important. This is acquired by experience. A beginner should not expect to be able to do as much work, nor receive as much com- pensation, as an experienced amanuensis, but he should do his best to equal him in accuracy and neatness. The person dictating, being frequently more occupied with the thoughts he is expressing than with the words he is using, is apt to make mistakes occasionally. Hence the amanuensis should be able to correct at least the more common errors in the use of language. It is difficult, if not impossible, for one to take notes and copy them accurately, if he does not comprehend the meaning of what he writes. As each business has a vocabulary peculiar to itself, when about to take a posi- tion it is well for the amanuensis to obtain the circulars, catalogues, etc., used by his contemplated employer, and familiarize himself with the terms used and the names of the goods handled. To be able to refer readily to preceding parts of matter * Spelling, capitalization, punctuation, paragraphing, and kindred matters of importance to all who have much writing to do, are fully treated of in riow to Write Letters, by Westlake. 54 dictated is very desirable, as it is quite annoying to a busy man to be compelled to wait while his stenographer hunts for some preceding word or sentence. Keeping the mind on the work in hand will be of great assistance in this respect. If the dictator stops before finishing a letter or other document, keep in mind the last sentence, or part of sentence, dictated, so that you can immediately inform him if he asks, What did I say? Care and close attention should be given to tlie work at which one is engaged. If a person is half way think- ing of something else while taking notes, the matter dictated will not fix itself as firmly upon his mind as if lie pays good attention, and the memory will not render him the same assistance in copjing his notes, in case he takes them improperly. This subject will be closed with the following extracts from a paper, read by Ivan W. Goodner, before the Inter- national Association of Shorthand Writers at Toronto, Canada, August, I8S3 : "It is the amanuensis' duty to take down in legible shorthand writing every word uttered by the dictator. If, on account of bad construction of sentences, changes become necessary, they should be made in the transcript, not m the notes. It is alsv^ his duty to transcribe his notes with dispatch, and in the neatest possible manner. " The amanuensis occupies a position of trust and re- si)onsibility , and no professional or business man will wish to employ as amanuensis a person in whom he can not re- pose perfect confidence. To this end the successful siiort- hand clerk must possess, first, a good moral character ; second, the ability to guard as a most sacred trust all knowledge he may acquire of his employer's affairs. Without these qualifications he will fail of success, even though capable of writing in shorthand the requisite 55 number of words per minute, and rapidly and accurately- transcribing the same. "The amanuensis should be willing at all times to make his employer's interest his own. It frequently happens that a very much larger mail is received on one day than on another, and at such times it is the amanu- ensis' duty to do all he can to facilitate the speedy dispatch of rephes thereto. It may be necessary for him to hammer away on his type-wi-iter far into the night, but if he receives extra compensation for night work — and he usually does — he ought not to grimible. "Many firms have branch houses or agents, with whom they correspond almost every day, and inasmuch as it becomes very monotonous to repeat the full address, name of firm, street and number, city and State, every time a letter is dictated, the wise amanuensis will prepare and keep close at hand a little book containing full addresses of all regular correspondents. Another book which should be found on the desk of every amanuensis throughout the land is the United States Postal Guide. "In concluding this portion of my paper, I would counsel the amanuensis to stick to his place, if he has a good one ; for I believe that he will thereby not only secure the largest salary, but, as a greater familiarity with the peculiar class of words used will render his work less difficult, he will enjoy an easy as well as lucrative situation.'' THE VERBATIM REPORTER. The work of the verbatim reporter is much more difficult than that of the amanuensis. He must, therefore, possess not only the qualifications essential to the good amanuensis, but such additional ones as will enable him 56 satisfactorily to perform the more difficult duties of his calling. He should be able to write at least 150 words per minute of average matter, and to "hang on" even though the speaker gets ten to twenty words ahead of him. Good natural abilities, a fair education, and a large stock of general information, are indispensable to the reporter. The necessity of these will be appreciated when it is imderstood (1) that it is impossible to make a good report of anything the meaning of which the reporter does not comprehend, and (2) that the work of the general stenographer covers an almost limitless variety of topics. (iJT/'/l/Ju/J^y .z^U ^/// II II 1 I • ••• 'I' • '., I i M I I III I I I I I I I I I '.'' I. I ' .1 III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II I I I I I I I II III . I I I I I I I I I II I t I I III III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I III III { ... • '. ' " I i I I I 111 I I I I I I I I I I II I II I I I I I I I III II I I I I I II III i 1 II' l' , '1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 \ '■ I'l' 1 1 1 li . 1 1 l' ' I'l' 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 I I I I I I I 'I. Ill II II II. II i 1 1 nrr ii I I I i I I I I I III III I I I I I I I I I 1 1 . I III 1 1 1 1 I II I II I II II 1 1 I I I 11,1 I I' I ' 1 1 I i I III 1 1 I I i II III I II II I • ' ' • I III Ml Jcr 1 1 I III II ' ' . ' 'I! 1 1 1 1 Mil 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 iill I I I I I I I I • . 1 1 1 .1 . . 1' 1' 1 ■ . 1' 1 . III! M,i.| 1 1 1 1 1 II i , 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 I'i... I 1 1 1 1 1 II III 1 1 1 1 1 1 K * 1 III- 1 1 i 1 • . i' •! 1' 1 1 1 ' il' II 1 1 1 1 1 II III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 .. ' 1 1 III 1 II 1 1 1 1 Mill 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 II M I I I I I I I', 'I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I III I III II I I I I I I I II I MM I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I III II I I I I I ' ■ I I I \ I I II II .! I I I I I '! I" I I I I I I I I I '.III .III I I ■ ' •■ ' !. . '" In I , "I I! "I > I II I i I I I I I I I III I I ■ III r I I III II i I , M M .1 .' II II 118 I I I 1 '" II 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II II II 'I '. I I I I I I I I 1 1 I I 1 1 I I I I i I I I I , . '. i I ' j 1 '..' I II ," . LJ I I I I III II II ...' ', ' ','1 . '■ '. ' I 'III I I I I I I M I i I i I I { I ' j ' III III J ' I I I I ' I III I ' I I ' I I I i ' , '. 1 1 1 II M 1 il 1 1 1 ■ i.' .! ', " ''\:: 1 1 ' ' III 11 1 1 1 1 1 ! I I i 1 1 ... j' i ii I . I i' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • . . .1 • • ' !, r I . . M •• I' . I. ' I '. . I ■ '. ' ' ■ I I I I I I I I I 60 .11.. i > 1 1 lil '. 1 . .1 1 \i •i' :i . 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 . T '! 1 1 ! ! . I i. I I III I . . ' .' II . . I. I I I I I I I t I I II II Ml I I ! I i i I I II II I I I II II I I I I I I I 11 I I I M I I 1 I I II I III II 1 III II , , .• ' I ' " 1 1 1 1 1 II '1 !• 1 'ii 1 ;i. II III 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I 1 1 I I I MM I 'i I I I I II II II M II i I I I I I I I I I I I I . I I . I I i:: II M 1 1 1 1 1 Ml 1" ill . ,"l.l' I II ,' 1' 'II 1.' '. ,, ' 1 1 .. 1 ... ' ' ... 1 1 i. ' 1 1 • I I I I I L , M Mill I I I I I I I I I ' .1, I I I I Mil I 11 I I I III I I Ml I ill II I I I I . ,1 ' il,' 1 ,',',',,! 11 1 1 1 1 Ml 1 M 1 1 M 1 1 III! Ill III 1 1 II 1 M 1 III II I I MM I I i I I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I i I I I I I I i I I Ml I I I I I I I I I I Ml I I I I I I I III I I I II i I I i n I 1 1 1 1 i,. 1 ,1. 1 1 1 1 1 , 1 • ' 1 1 1 '. . '. , " 1 ' , 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 II III! 11 1 1 1 t 1 1 II III 1 1 II i 6? 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mil 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 II 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 ' ' 1! " ■';, 'i I'i' ', • 1 1 1 i III 1 1 1 11 1 II 1 I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I ll< I 1 1 1 I I I 1 1 1 I . I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I . I I I 1 1 1 i I I I i I III! I III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I .1' I I II I I I .'I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 63 M III Ml I I II III II III I I I I I II Mil 1 '1 l' • 1 1 ' .! ' 1 ' III! 1 ' 1 .11 il 1 1 ' I ' 1 . •" 1 m' ' .' • I " III M 1 1 1 1 1 1 I III 1 II 1 III Ml I III 1 I I I • III 1 i' ' ' ' 1 i!' 1 ■'l .1 ' " , ■ , , ' . .' ' ' > ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ,. ' 1 » ,1 i' i' .1 ,' !• 1 ' 1' '! 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 f I I I I I I III I II I I I I I I I 1 1 I II III II i I I I I 1 1 I ill M I i I I II t I III II II I I I M I. I I I I Mill I I II M 'I 'I. 'I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I. I I I I 1 1 I I! I I I i i I I ''!!', 1 1 I I I I I I I I I 1 1 I I !,i I I ' . • . I III I I I I I II I I I I M I I I I I I m' ! ! iI m I I 1 1 I I I I 1 1 ,i! I I ' '. I II' ' I I I I I I 64 II II I I Mill II II III I I III I I i I II III III I I III II I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I III I I I II I I I I I 'I ' ! '! I' 'I I I I I III I I I I I I I ( I I I I I III III I II I I I I I I I I III II I I I I I I I II I ill I III III I III I I I II II I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 II 1 1 1 1 II II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1 .! 1 1 1 1 III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 'l ll I I I I 1 1 I I . !i ..•!'." 1 1 II •! Ill 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 Mil II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 '1 M 1 ',11'! Mil II II' I I I I I II I 1 1 I I I I I I I i II III 6 ■:> i'V . II • II II 1 1 1 ii' 1 M 1 1 1 III I I I I I Ml II II 11 III II I I I I I I II II II II II ill I 'I I' I '! .11 I I I! 'I 1 1 1 1 1 1 r ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 i 1 III 1 1 1 III 1 II II II 1 1 1 I. Il I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 I I I i I i I i' . I I I 1 1 I I 1 1 I I I III I I I I I ^^- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 li ' 'i 1 1 1 .; 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■M''' "1: 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 III 1 1 1 1 .' 1 1 1 1 ' M i II 1 1 1 1 1 j.M 1 1 1 M I I I I I ' I III I I Mill " I'l I I I II II I III I I I I I I . I I I I III I I I I ill ill I I I II II ill II I I I I I I 11 I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I f I I Mil III M I Ml ill I I II I I I I I III II I f I I II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l' I I I '. i ' I I 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 1 1 '■]■■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :,i l; I I' I 1 1 i 1 1 I I I I 1 1 1 1 I I 1 1 I I I I I I I '." I I I I I 1 1 I I I I I I I I I M I I I I I I 6F '1 » 1 1 1 ,1 1 ', ,1 '1 , 1 1 1 Mil II 1 ,,' i, 1, .; 1 1 1 * 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II II 1 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II I I I I 1 1 I I I 1 1 '.' I I I I I I I II II I 1 1 I I I !i In 1, , II . 'II,' 'i . i ■ 1 1 11 .. 1, 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 II 1 i II 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 ' ul 1 1 1 1 1 1 1, ' ', , '1 II li 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 ' ' " , 1 II III 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 ' ", ' ," ,1 . ,i '"1 i' '• .! 1 '',!' ,/i ' ! -i II II III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 il 1 '.'.!. 1 I' . ! ' . . i ' 1 II III ' 1 ', '1 1' .''",.!. ' 1' '. ;. : I 1 1 I i I I I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Ocy 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II ' . ,1 1 1. 1 . ' i III 1 II 1' 1 1 » 1 1 1 1 \ 1 1 '1 ' 1 1 1 . I I I i I I I I I I I I 1 1 I I ,, 1. , 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 II II III II 1 1 1 1 II II III 1 II 1 1 1 1 II 1 11 III 1 ! i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 III 1 1 1 . 1. !' '1 '. ! '. , 1 1 II II 1 1 III ■ 1,1 ,1 .' I 1 . ' 1 ' , 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 . I 1 ' '! 1! 1 1 . ii '. ' ! .1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 III II 1 1 II III 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 II III I I I I I II I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I III II III I I II I III I I I I I Ml I I I I I I I I I I II III II II I I I I I I 1 I 6<^ III 1 " . i , '■ 'i ' ' ' ' , ' ', ' ' Ml II M I 1" II II III ill I I I i I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 'l I I I 1 1 1 1 I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 'l ' 1. 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 't€ c^ ^f. vv^///^/ I I I I I I I I I ! ' I I i I 111 1 1 1 •! 1 II !' 1. 1' Ill 1 1 1 "11 I I 1 1 1 I I I I 1 1 I I I I I I I MM III I I I I I I Mill I I I I I I < I I I I II II I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I i I I . i I I I I I I I I I J I I I I I I I I I I I I i 7/ 1 1 1 ' ,1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 i III II ' ! I'll" ! i' . 1 1 1 1 1 1 'l.i 'ii.'' I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 II . i 1 1 Ml 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ill 11 , I'm! 1 'i " 1 1 II M 1 '! II I I I 1 1 .'I I M . I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I 1 1 1 i I I I I Mil I Ml i I I I I t I I I I I I I I t i I I r I . II ' . 1 III 1,'i'' . ' 1 .11 1 1 1 1 i II , II' 1' 1 1 1 1 III 1 III 1 1 1 . .1. , 1,11 III 1 Ml 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 III II I I I III I 1 1 I I (O.xeyadryy/?^ ^}UY?9M/-€^ M 1 IM 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 i •u'i'li",, ',, '1 1 " , i, 1 , i' 1 1 ' ' 1 1. ll . Ill 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 Mill l' I III II II 1 1 1 1 III III II 11 II 1 1 M III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .1 MM Yf«, r^T- 7? 1 1 1 ' '. 1 1 1 1 1 1. i !• 1 1 1 r 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 '1 1 ' 1'.. 1 'i ' 1 1 '1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I • 1 1 1 1,' 1 ! J' 1 1 I 1 1 II .1 II 1 i 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > .1 II i 1 1 1 1 II » 1 »j 1 1 1 1 M Ml 1 .i. 'i i .1 ■ 1 ' ' ''• 1 1.. 1 Mill ! .1 1 1. 1 MM ;-,f 1 II 1 II Ml II 1 1 1 1 i 1 Ml 1 I I M I I II I III I I III I III I I ill I III M I M M M III I III I i 11 I I i I M I I i I . ' I II III I I M I I I M I I I M I 1 1 J. j; III i 1 '1 1 , ',! I 11 i 1 1' !' l"'.! : .i'l. ' 1 II III 1 1 1 1 1 1 n' I ' 1 ,' 1 I !' 11 1 11 II ill 1 1 ill 1 1 1 1 M 1 II I 1 1 1 1 1 III II II 1 1 M 1 I 1 1 IMiii ' .' 1 ' 1. 1, 1 1 III 1 1 1 '! '1 . 1 . .. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i Mil 1 1 1 1 1 Mil 1 1 1 I I I 1 1 I I M I I I I I I I I III I I •11 I I I I I Mill I I • • I I I III Ml I IMIII II I I 11 I ■ i M I I II III ill I II I I I I I I i Mill I I I I I ' I, I I' . I'l I I I LI I I •I' I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I III I I I I II III III II I III III! II II I I M I I II THE- ej v9 STENOGRAPH THE ONLY UNIFORM SYSTEM OF SHORTHAND. PRICKS. STENOGRAPH, with Leather Case and Manual, $4-0.00 MOROCCO CASES, lined with Plush, extra, - 3.00 STENOGRAPH MANUAL, by mail, _ - - - .25 Cloth, - - - - .40 RIBBONS (lasting from 2 to 4- months*, _ - - .30 ROLLS OF PAPER Sl.OO per doz.) each (postage 4c. per roll), . 1 O TERMS CASH IN ADVANCE. The Stenograph is practically noiseless. It is portable, being carried in a case resembling that used to contain a field-glass, as per cut The paper roll contains as much as the largest shorthand book. The inked ribbon lasts from three to four months m ordinary use. No pencils to sharpen or leaves to turn. Size of Stenograph, 7Hx7H inches. Weight, including Case, 2}4 Its. lllilWii©'! gibbons. BLACK, PURPLE, BLUE, GREEN, CARMINE, HEKTOGRAPH, LITHOGRAPH, AND OFFICIAL ^ ^ INDELIBLE, -OR 1> T. ' X BBS¥ *% v> In any Color, can be had on 9^ V"^ T^ application % ^ 1^ e S.J2 J Jl SEMI Carbon in Black, Purple, <^ or Blue, warranted not to smut. ^^ WS^/ FULL Carbon (carbonized on both v^^ (^^Q sides) in Black, Purple, or Blue, in "^ V "- "' all sizes. > € FOR PRICES ADDRESS John Underwood & Co. NEW YORK, TORONTO, OE CHICAGO. # @ 40,24 ^ UNIVEKbiiY ot CAUi-UKr... AT LOS ANGELES - ^ „ .. UBRARY 4 2 4 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY i \j \^ i-" Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. ,;AY 6 1950 AUG 1 9 1250 OK. m Tj uD-ORb U) REC'D LD-URL '^l^ 1970 URi "'ARlS 1971 APR J? 1976 \SA^^ Form L9-25»i-9,'47(A5618)444 ^WO jt mjLf., *#f ^ ^ ? *" »L. B 000 022 538 3 y> .^'^: 1*1