GIFT OF 
 
THE WALTER -KRAUSE GERMAN SERIES 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
THE WALTER-KRAUSE GERMAN SERIES 
 
 Published by CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 
 
 Beginners' German. Walter and Krause . $1.00 
 
 First German Reader. Walter and Krause . .90 
 
 German Songs. Walter and Krause . . .50 
 
 Short Stories for Oral German. Ballard 
 and Krause 80 
 
 Annotated Texts 
 
 Storm's 3mtncttfce. Purin ..... .60 
 
 Arnold's ^vi^ auf Sctlcn. Appelmann . . .so 
 
 Seidel's Scfictet^t ^Ulftndjctt. Luebke ... .50 
 
 Storm's ^ole ^opptn^paiet. Busse ... .50 
 
 Gerstacker's Srtfai^ttcn. Price 50 
 
 Otfier volumes to follow 
 
THE WALTER-KRAUSE GERMAN SERIES 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 BY 
 MAX WALTER, Ph.D. 
 
 DIRECTOR OF THE MUSTERSCHULE (REALGYMNASIUM) , FRANKFURT AM MAIN 
 
 VISITING PROFESSOR, TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLtTMBIA 
 
 UNIVERSITY, I9II 
 
 AND 
 
 CARL A. KRAUSE, Ph.D. 
 
 HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MODERN LANGUAGES, JAMAICA HIGH SCHOOL, N.V. 
 
 LECTURER ON METHODS OF TEACHING MODERN LANGUAGES 
 
 NEW YORK UNIVERSITY 
 
 CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 
 NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON 
 
Copyright, 1912, 1916, by 
 CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 
 
■{-'\ \ i-r 
 
 TO 
 
 WILHELM VlfiTOR, Ph.D. 
 
 PROFESSOR IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MARBURG 
 
 Our Friend and Leader 
 
 THIS BOOK 
 IS GRATEFULLY INSCRIBED 
 
 3G0524 
 
PREFACE 
 
 ■iKel&r greube an ber ©d&ule.* 
 
 Beginners' German is the basic book of the Walter-Krause 
 German Series. One purpose of this introductory book is to 
 initiate the learner into the language of every-day life as well 
 as into the literary language, thereby insuring a reahstic vocab- 
 ulary. As we start with the immediate environment of the 
 pupil, we have the best of foimdations for interest and for suc- 
 cess. At all times we are taking cognizance of the living 
 adolescent and not of abstract pedantry. The work is an out- 
 growth of actual class-room experience. 
 
 The first lessons, at least, are intended quite as much for the 
 teacher as for the pupil. We beg leave to give the following 
 hints as to an effective mode of using Beginners' German — 
 although no teacher is expected to tie himself down to one par- 
 ticular system: 
 
 (i) Develop the material orally, with books closed. 
 
 (2) Ascertain by questions and answers whether the pupils 
 have the proper understanding of the oral work. Every answer 
 should be repeated hy the class. 
 
 (3) Call for a continuous oral review of the whole (with !2efe* 
 ftMe), 
 
 (4) Have the assignment read, individually and in chorus. 
 
 (5) Let the matter covered be written or dictated. 
 
 (6) Be sure that definite grammatical facts are gained in 
 each lesson. 
 
 Let a thorough drill in sounds be connected with all begin- 
 ning lessons; never let a wrong pronunciation pass muster. 
 Do not assign a lesson unless it has been prepared in class. 
 
 The questions as laid down in our book are intended for the 
 student J to insure proper review at home. Such review may be 
 
 vii 
 
Vlll BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 oral or written. Of course, these questions do not limit the 
 individual teacher in any way and are merely suggestive. 
 But they do outline the work of the learner definitely so 
 that the matter in hand shall be thoroughly dealt with 
 and mastered. Answers should always be given in complete 
 sentences. All home work should be oral — i. e., spoken aloud, 
 or at least articulated. 
 
 The Grammar is based directly upon the work of each lesson 
 and is learned inductively. We are not talking and teaching 
 about grammar but, better than that, we talk and teach gram- 
 mar. The learner will formulate for himself, from his own 
 experience, certain linguistic laws and rules and this very 
 creative laboratory work will be a pleasure to him. It will de- 
 velop his powers of observation and will cause him to use his 
 own judgment rather than to accept that of an " authority. '* 
 Such botanizing work will be his mental property and will not 
 be done in futuram oUivionem. 
 
 Some of the later selections deal with German life and cus- 
 toms. We hope that the students will gain thereby an ac- 
 quaintance with Germany and the Germans. 
 
 The progress of each class with our book will depend, of 
 course, upon a number of circumstances. For Lessons 36-41 
 we have furnished Supplementary Reading to illustrate more 
 fully the use of Compound Verbs, of the Subjunctive, and of 
 Modal Auxiliaries. 
 
 A number of Reproduction Exercises are added for review 
 purposes, after Lesson 27. Translation and retranslation 
 may be practised occasionally after the foreign language 
 has been essentially mastered. The melodies of the songs 
 given in the text, as well as two additional ones, are 
 printed separately. The Grammatical Tables furnish only 
 the absolute essentials of German Accidence in systematic 
 arrangement. 
 
 We desire to express our hearty thanks to a number of our 
 colleagues both in America and in Germany for many valuable 
 
PREFACE IX 
 
 hints. We are also under great obligation to the Frankfurter 
 Lesebuch-Kommission, to Karl Hessel's Deutsche Lesebucher, 
 to Kameradschaft, Berlin, to Sering's Chorgesangbuch, and to 
 N. G. Elwert, Marburg, for their kindness in permitting us 
 to use some of their selections or publications. 
 
 Especially do we acknowledge our gratitude to Dr. A. Busse, 
 Associate Professor of German, Hunter College of the City of 
 New York, for his kind advice and assistance in reading both 
 manuscript and proof. 
 
 The Authors. 
 
 February t igx2. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Preface vii 
 
 Map of Germany facing i 
 
 Introductory: Alphabet i 
 
 Table of German Sounds with Explanations 3 
 
 Lesson I. Conversation — Days (ift, finb; tear, toaren; Wirb, 
 
 tocrbcn fein) 7 
 
 II. Conversation — Days (Declension of bic SS^od^e) . . 9 
 
 III. Conversation — Months (Declension of baiS ^a^r) . 11 
 
 IV. Conversation — Seasons (Declension of ber J^crbft; 
 
 word formation un-) 13 
 
 V. Conversation on preceding work (Word-order; im- 
 personal verbs; word formation -c) 16 
 
 VI. O ^anncnbaum (Review; word formation -l^cit) . . 18 
 VII. Conversation — Multiplication Tables (bcr-words) . 20 
 VIII. Conversation — Arithmetical Problems (Conjugation 
 
 of \6!j 6itt; pronouns of address) 22 
 
 IX. Conversation — Family (Declension of cinc SSoc^c, 
 
 cin 3ot)r; word formation -d^cn, -Icin) 26 
 
 X. Conversation — Cardinal Numbers (Declension of cin 
 
 2«onat) 28 
 
 XI. Conversation — Parts of the Day (Conjugation of \6) 
 
 l^abc; ordinal numbers) 30 
 
 XII. Conversation — Time of Day (Conjugation of t(^ 
 
 hjcrbc; future tense; numerals continued) ... 32 
 
 XIII. Conversation — Parts of Body (Declension of bic 
 
 Si^^jcn, bic finger, bic S'^^^t) 34 
 
 XIV. Conversation (Declension of bic Sinbcr, bic Slugcn) . 38 
 XV. Conversation (Review of nouns; prepositions with 
 
 dative) 39 
 
 XVI. Conversation — Date (Ordinals and numerals com- 
 pleted) 42 
 
 XVII. ^ic Sorcici (i) (petite) (^aticn and fcin in compound 
 
 tenses) 43 
 
 xi 
 
^ beginners' GERMAN 
 
 PAGE 
 
 XVIII. ^Ic 2otctcl (2) and (3) (Drill on nouns; word 
 
 formation -ung) 45 
 
 XIX. Conversation — Class (ein-words, neuter; present 
 
 tense; imperative) 47 
 
 XX. Conversation — Class (citt-words, feminine; reflex- 
 ives; iti) nci^me) 50 
 
 XXI. Conversation — Class (cttl-words, masculine; reflex- 
 ives, completed; td^ trage; declension of personal 
 
 pronouns) 53 
 
 XXII. Unfcr (Sd^ulstmmer (i) (Compound nouns; preposi- 
 tions with dative or accusative) 57 
 
 XXIII. Unfcr ©djuljimmcr (2) (Preterit of weak verbs; word 
 
 formation -if(!^) 60 
 
 XXIV. Unfcr ©e^ul^au^ (Prepositions with accusative; per- 
 
 fect and pluperfect) 62 
 
 XXV. Unfcrc Sd^ulc (Comparison of adjectives and ad- 
 verbs) 65 
 
 XXVI. ©ci Xim ©tittc ^am (i) (Adverbial compounds; 
 agreement of pronouns; indefinite pronouns; 
 
 strong declension of adjectives) 66 
 
 XXVII. $Ia^rcgcn (Preterit of strong verbs; coordinating 
 
 conjunctions) 69 
 
 XXVIII. ^ctbcnri))8lcitt (®oetf)c) (Review; strong verbs) ... 72 
 XXIX. ©bclmann unb Partner (Interrogative and relative 
 
 pronouns; word formation) 75 
 
 XXX. Review (Classification of strong verbs) 78 
 
 XXXI. ^ttig fofttittrc ^rautlcin (Weak declension of adjec- 
 tives, feminine singular and plural; irregular 
 
 strong verbs) 81 
 
 XXXII. ^a!§ tagltd^c f8tot (Weak declension of adjectives, 
 
 neuter singular and plural; word formation) . . 84 
 
 XXXIII. ^tc bcutf(^c ^aifcrfamilic; ^cit bir im ©icgcrfrans (i) 
 
 (Weak declension of adjectives, masculine singu- 
 lar and plural; word formation -ling, -Utf)) . . 87 
 
 XXXIV. '^aS bctttfcfic Sicid^ (Mixed declension of adjectives). 90 
 XXXV. ^ic SHBac^t am ffifitm (i) (Review; word formation 
 
 -ig, -6ar) 93 
 
 XXXVI. @ttt Sricf; SSanbcrfci^aft (i) (Inseparable and separa- 
 ble verbs; verbs with dative; prepositions with 
 
 genitive) 95 
 
 XXXVII. ^cr trcuc J^unb (Inseparable and separable verbs 
 
 concluded) 98 
 
CONTENTS XIU 
 
 PAGE 
 
 XXXVIII. ^cr ^unb mit bcm fjlcifc^e (Subjunctive of indirect 
 
 speech and question) 102 
 
 XXXIX. Sricf @oct^C!§ an ©(fitter (Subjunctive of ideal con- 
 dition; possibility; wish) 105 
 
 XL. 2)tc ©d^utcn (Modal auxiliaries) 107 
 
 XLI. @ilc mit SSeilc (Modal auxiliaries; irregular weak 
 
 verbs) no 
 
 XLII. ^rct i^rcunbc (Passive voice) 114 
 
 XLIII. ^ic p^crcn ®(^ulcn ^cutft^tanb)^ (Passive voice) . 117 
 XLIV. ^ic ^cutfc^cti in Simcrifa (Passive and substitutes 
 
 for passive voice) 120 
 
 XLV. S)cutf(^Ianb iibcr 9tttc^ (Review) 124 
 
 XL VI. ^cutfc^lanb)^ ©tcffung in bcr aBcItttJirtfrfiaft (Passive 
 
 voice concluded) 126 
 
 Supplementary Reading 131 
 
 Reproductions 138 
 
 Grammatical Tables 143 
 
 Abstract OF German Grammar 174 
 
 Songs > 179 
 
 Vocabulary • 197 
 
«« 
 
E 
 
 H£LQOLA^ 
 
 o 
 
 Kiel2 
 
 V'. 
 
 liURO 
 
 Alt 
 
 Ol4ihuri 
 
 Jremen 
 
 
 
 Luneburg 
 
 e 
 
 .wf 
 
 Co 
 ,eVS 
 
 3uck^-'' Hildek J, 
 
 
 
 \K6li 
 
 „ Aachen a 5^ *"*" 
 
 R«dWj3^<len>JFraijkfurt 
 
 
 
 o 
 Soridershauspn— 
 
 iisenach^-T 
 
■# " 9 ^x,^ c 
 
 '^^^L^ 1^' " 
 
 -^5X<. 
 
BEGINNERS' GURMAN 
 
 
 
 INTRODUCTORY 
 
 
 
 
 
 ALPHABET 
 
 
 
 SMALL LETTERS 
 
 CAPITAL LETTERS 
 
 
 Print 
 
 Script 
 
 Print 
 
 Script 
 
 Namiy 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 y€i^ 
 
 A 
 
 21 
 
 a 
 
 >ai 
 
 b 
 
 b 
 
 J 
 
 B 
 
 33 
 
 ^ 
 
 bei 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 .^ 
 
 C 
 
 e 
 
 .^ 
 
 tsez 
 
 d 
 
 b 
 
 ^ 
 
 D 
 
 ® 
 
 ^ 
 
 del 
 
 e 
 
 c 
 
 .^fl^ 
 
 E 
 
 (g 
 
 
 >ei 
 
 f 
 
 f 
 
 / 
 
 F 
 
 % 
 
 ?£f 
 
 g 
 h 
 
 i 
 
 9 
 
 t 
 
 
 G 
 H 
 I 
 
 ® 
 3 
 
 
 gei 
 hai 
 
 J 
 k 
 
 i 
 
 # 
 
 J 
 
 K 
 
 3 
 S 
 
 & 
 
 jot 
 kai 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 ^ 
 
 L 
 
 ? 
 
 ^ 
 
 i>el 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 y^^^ 
 
 M 
 
 aw 
 
 M^ 
 
 ?em 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 .^l^ 
 
 N 
 
 91 
 
 ?i^ 
 
 ?en 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 cr 
 
 ?01 
 
2 ' ' ^ [[ ' 'bEGINT^ERS' GERMAN 
 
 SSlALfLfeTtERg ' ' ' CAPITAL LETTERS 
 
 Print ScEnrr Print Script Name 
 
 p p j^ P ^ "^ pel 
 
 q q ^ Q O '^ kui 
 
 r r .^ R dl ^^ ,?£r 
 
 s fg ^^^^^ S ® ^ '>es 
 
 t t ^ T Z "^ tei 
 
 u u ^ U U '^'^ ?ui 
 
 V b xi«5? V 93 /^ fau 
 
 w to ^j^ W 2B ^^ vei 
 
 n I ^ X 3e ^T ^iks 
 
 y ^ J^ Y g) V^ ^ypsibn 
 
 z 3 /Z^ Z' 3 ^ ts£t 
 
 COMPOUND CONSONANTS 
 
 I Print Script Print Script Print Script 
 
 
 MODIFIED VOWELS (Umlautc) 
 
 ,, rr '^' 
 

 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 
 Deuts^che^^^^l^uttafel 
 
 
 
 lippenlaute 
 
 Zahnlaute 
 
 Vorder- Hinter- 
 
 Gaumenlaute 
 
 KehUaute 
 
 
 
 pb 
 
 td 
 
 
 kg 
 
 9 
 
 r 
 
 CQ 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 m 
 
 n 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 fv 
 
 szX5 
 
 <?J 
 
 Xlg] 
 
 h 
 
 
 r 
 
 
 R 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 ( ) 
 ( ) 
 ( ) 
 ( ) 
 
 
 ley) (U) 
 fnr) (U) 
 e(e) a <o) 
 
 
 f 
 
 6tiniinlo3 sQnonluilt nasal 
 
 TABLE OF GERMAN SOUNDS 
 
 (VIETOR SYSTEM) 
 
 EXPLANATIONS AND EXAMPLES 
 
 (The phonetic spelling used is that of the Association Phonetique Inter- 
 nationale) 
 
 In the Table the German sounds are represented — 
 
 (i) in the vertical columns — according to the place of 
 articulation, in natural order, viz., lips, teeth, hard palate 
 (front), soft palate (back), throat; 
 
 (2) in the horizontal columns — according to the form 
 of articulation, the breath passage being (a) completely 
 
4 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 closed, or (b) considerably narrowed, or (c) left compara- 
 tively open, in the place of articulation. 
 
 Characters representing voiced sounds are printed in 
 red, characters representing nasal sounds are printed 
 in green. In German all nasal sounds are at the same 
 time voiced. 
 
 A. SOUNDS WITH CLOSURE OR NARROWING OF 
 BREATH PASSAGE — CONSONANTS 
 
 I. WITH CLOSURE — STOPPED CONSONANTS 
 
 I. Lip Consonants (Lip and Lip) 
 p, voiceless — $ein, 9tau^?e, a6. b, voiced — S5eln, rauBen. 
 
 m, nasal— ttiein,nef)men, urn. 
 
 2. Teeth Consonants (Tongue and Teeth) 
 t, voiceless — Xkx, leiten, leib. d, voiced — bir, leiben. 
 
 n, nasal — nein, tt)of)ncn, 
 
 3. Back Consonants (Tongue and Soft Palate) 
 k, voiceless — ^arte, quafett g, voiced — ©arten (fd^toei* 
 
 (9Seg, JagO- Sen, tragenO. 
 
 r), nasal — fitigen, lang. 
 
 4. Throat Consonant (Vocal Chords) 
 ?, voiceless — (>)alt. 
 
 II. WITH NARROWING — NARROW CONSONANTS 
 
 I. Lip Consonants (Lower Lip and Upper Teeth) 
 f , voiceless — ^dtjXtn, lauf en, v, voiced — SBaren, ettiig. 
 auf. 
 
 1 In North and Middle German pronunciation finally and medially the 
 narrow consonants g and x, j and g are generally used: see II, 3 4. 
 
BEGINNERS GERMAN 5 
 
 2. Teeth Consonants (Tongue and Teeth) 
 Thin {Thin Breath Passage) 
 s, voiceless — *iS!is3e/ reiften, z, voiced — ©ee, reif en. 
 
 Broad {Broad Breath Passage) 
 J, voiceless — ©tein, tDafc^en, *5, voiced — *goumaI, 
 
 Trilled {Vibration of Tongue Point) 
 
 r, voiced — raul^, (Sl^rc, toal^r. 
 Divided {Passage on Both Sides of Tongue Point) 
 
 1, voiced — Im, fe^ten, Xdh 
 3. Front Consonants (Tongue and Hard Palate) 
 9, voiceless — *6^]^emie, rei^en, j, voiced — ja (fd^rtieigen), 
 
 4. Back Consonants (Tongue and Soft Palate) 
 X, voiceless — fucften (2^ag)» g, voiced — (tragen). 
 
 Trilled {Vibration of Uvula) 
 
 R, voiced — (raul^, (glfirc, 
 
 XQO^t). 
 
 5. Throat Consonant (Vocal Chords) 
 h, voiceless — ^oXi, 
 
 B. SOUNDS WITH OPENING OF BREATH 
 PASSAGE — VOWELS 
 
 All voiced. The opening is between the tongue and the palate. Sounds 
 with Up rounding are indicated in the Table by ( ). 
 
 I. Front Vowels 
 i:, long — ilftn, Sicbe, n3ic. i, short — in, igippe, 
 
 e:, long — (S^re, gebeti, @($nee, 
 
 1 An asterisk mdicates words or sounds not originally German. 
 
e:, long — S[f)re, gaben, *^alat«. e, short — cffcn, §anbc» 
 *e:/ long, nasal — Baffin, terrain. 
 
 Rounded 
 y:, long — ubcl, ^iitc. t, short — iip^Jig, ^iittc. 
 
 g:, long — Dfen, ©iif)ne, 
 
 *§, long, nasal — SSerbun, Xxtnit^ e, short — ijffnen, Wdnii). 
 ct=un. 
 
 2. Mixed Vowels (Intermediate between Front and 
 
 Back) 
 9, short — gcnug, 53ittc» 
 a:, long— 5tal, laf)m, ha. a, short— aK, gatnm. 
 
 *&:, long, nasal — O^ouen, (Sfiancc. 
 
 3. Back Vowels 
 All Rounded 
 u:, long— Ufcr, Tint, bu. u, short— untcn, 2)httter. 
 
 o:, long — ol^nc, tooftl, fo. 
 *o:, long, nasal — iBallott, o, short — offcn, SSort. 
 
 Diphthongs 
 ai:, @t«, flein, 3)^al. 
 au:, 5(uge, :2auf, blau. 
 oy:, cuer, lauten, $cu» 
 
 * Nasal vowels in North German pronunciation are usually replaced by 
 the corresponding non-nasal short vowels followed by ji, e.g. S8offin= 
 SBaffcng, SSerbun=93crbiJng, 9Jouen=9{ouanfi, S3anon=53aIIonfi. 
 
€rjle Jlufgabe 
 
 ttt^tung! ^te ftcben Xa^t ber iESod^e ftnb: ber SD^ontag, 
 ^Dten^tag, 9)^itttt)od^, !Donner^tag, greitag, 
 (Sonnabenb ober (Sam^tag unb ber ©onntag. 
 
 ^ie gragc ilBelc^er ^ag ift i)eute? 3Bag ift ^eute? 
 ift: 
 
 SSajg ift bie $cute ift 3)?ontag (or respective day of the 
 %ntmxt? week). 
 
 (^a^) SBa^ ift tnorgen? 
 ^rauicin 5(J 
 
 2)ic 51nt* nj^orgen ift ^icn^tag* 
 njort ift: 
 
 (^cr) iESa^ it)irb ilbermorgen fein? 
 
 ^ic 5ttit= iibennorgen lt)irb 3}^ittlt)0(i^ fein. 
 mxt ift: 323(1^ ^^jt^.^ iiberilbermorgen fein? 
 
 3Be((^e 3::age iDerben morgen unb iibermorgen fein? 
 
 SKa^ mar geftern? 
 
 iCBa^ tear dorgeftem? 
 
 SBa^ tDar Dordorgeftem? ' 
 
 SBeI(^e 2^age iraren geftern unb borgeftem? 
 
 3ft f)eute ^ien^tag? 
 
 9^ein, mein §err, fjeute ift nic^t !I)ien6tag, fon^' 
 htm 5D^ontag, '^ 
 
 max geftern 9)^itth)0(^? 
 
 ilBirb morgen ^ien^tag fein? 
 
 3a, mein ^err, morgen tDirb !^ien§tag fein. 
 
8 
 
 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 ^(affc! SESa« ift l^eute? 
 
 fammen! 
 ©ajgcn ©tc: 
 
 Scrncn: 
 
 maffe! 
 
 5lttc 5U== 
 fammen! 
 
 ©ie laut! 
 
 ?Bann njar (Sonntag? etc. 
 
 !Da« (Sprid^tDort ift: ^effer f)eute al^ mprgen, 
 
 9)?orgcn, morgen, nur nlc^t l&cute, 
 <Spred^en alle faulen ^eute. — 
 ^a^ ift aud^ ein ©prid^njort, 
 
 ©ie ftnb nic^t faule ^eute» 9^ein, ©ic ftnb fleipig! 
 
 ^effer J)eute al^ morgen, 
 
 ©ic miiffen laut unb nid§t leife fpred^enl 
 
 ^arl fpric^t laut, 
 
 gri^ fpric^t lauter, 
 
 §eiurtd^ fpric^t ant lauteften, 
 
 (glifabetJ) fpric^tjeife, 
 
 5lnna fprid^t leifer, 
 
 2)^argarete fprid^t am leifcftcn* 
 
 PRETERIT 
 
 gcftem, etc. 
 h)ar — maren 
 ©onntag, etc. 
 
 MASCULINE 
 
 bcr SD^ontag, etc. 
 ^err 
 
 NOTE 
 
 PRESENT 
 
 Iieute 
 ift — finb 
 SD^ontag 
 
 bic 5lufgabe 
 5l(^tung 
 grage 
 5lnttDort 
 Piaffe 
 
 FUTURE 
 
 morgen, etc. 
 
 n)irb, h)erben . ♦ . fcin 
 
 S)ien«tag, etc. 
 
 NEUTER 
 
 ba^ grciutein 
 ©prtd^tDort 
 
beginners' GERMAN 
 
 '^^wzxk 2tufgabe - 
 
 mttn Xaql 3ft bie^ Hufgabe eto? 3ft bieg Seftion cto? 
 
 - ^ 9^em, mein §err, bie6 tft nld^t 5lufgabc eln^, fon* 
 bern ^lufgabe jtDei, 
 
 tfaffc! ^ic SBo(^e f)at fieben 2:age, 
 
 SBelc^eg finb bie fieben ^age bcr iESoc^e? 
 
 9*10^^ ^ie fieben 2:age ber ilBod^e finb: ber TlontaQ, etc. 
 
 einmaU @ieben Xage finb in \>tt iffioc^e, 
 
 ©ieben ^age bilben (madden) bic ilBoc^e, 
 
 5(c^tung ! SD^ontag ift ein Xag, 
 
 iD^ontag unb ^ien^tag finb jtDei 3:age, 
 SJJontag, 3)iengtag unb 9J^ittn)oci§ finb brei 2:age, 
 Tlonta^, ^Dien^tag, SD^itttDOC^ unb ^onner^tag 
 
 finb bier ^age, 
 TlontaQ, ^ien^tag, Tlitttood), !Donner^tag unb 
 
 greitag finb fiinf ^age, 
 Tlonta^, 3)ien^tag, SD^itttDod^, ^onner^tag, grei* 
 
 tag unb ©onnabenb finb fed^^ ^age, 
 Tlonta^, 3)ien^tag, Tlitfrno^^, ^onner^tag, grei* 
 tag, ©onnabenb unb (Sotintag finb fieben Stage* 
 !Der 93^ontag ift ber erfte ^ag ber SSoc^e, 
 ^ien^tag ift ber jtoeite ^ag ber SSod^e, 
 mitttdoi^ ift ber britte 2:ag ber SSod^e, 
 !5)onner^tag ift ber bierte 2:ag ber SSoc^e, 
 greitag ift ber flinfte XaQ ber ilBod^e, 
 <Sonnabenb ift ber fed^fte ^ag ber SSod^e, 
 <Sonntag ift ber fiebte unb le^te 3;:ag ber 
 iffiod^e* 
 
lO 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 $«ocft SBelc^eS ift ber crftc ^ag ber iS3od^e?i etc. 
 
 il222?^ ©eftcrn hjar TlontaQ, ber erfte Xag ber SBod^c, 
 
 3)^orgen mirb 3}JitttDoc^ fein, ber bvittt ZaQ ber 
 iE3o(^e, etc. 
 
 2(c^tung! !Da^ ift bie erfte 9^e ober bie erfte ©ruppe, 
 
 5Da^ ift bie gtreite dltif)c ober bie gtDeite 0ruppe, etc. 
 !I)a^ finb gtDei, brei, etc., 9?eif)en ober ©nippen. 
 2, 4, 6 finb gerabe B^W^^^ 
 1, 3, 5, 7 finb unQerabe S^^film. 
 
 Icrnen: 
 
 Piaffe! 
 
 5tu)gttienbig 
 Icrnen: 
 
 ^liS^tung! 
 
 @nbe gut, alte^ gut, 
 
 @rft bie Hrbeit, bantt ha^ (Spiel.— 
 
 !Da§ finb jii)ei ®prid^tr)5rter. 
 
 <Sie finb gut, ^k finb nic^t fd^Ied^t! 
 ©ie arbeiten gut unb fpielen nid^t! 
 ilSann fommt bie Hrbeit? Unb bann? 
 
 9^imm benn frifc^ bie 5(rbeit auf 
 
 5In ben SSerfeltagen, 
 
 Unb bu it)irft, ic^ irette brauf (I bet on it), 
 
 grol^en (Sonntag f)aben. 
 
 Hlle 3:age oufier ©onntag finb ^crftoge ober Scr* 
 
 feltage. 
 ©ie lac^en: (Sie finb frpj unb nid^t traurig; 
 ©ie finb frifc^ unb nid^t miibe! 
 
 bie SSod^e 
 
 Declension: bie ^od^e, in the Singular, 
 
 Nominative 
 
 Accusative 
 
 Genitive ber SBod^e 
 
 Dative ber SSod^e 
 
 * Let the individual pupils repeat the questions of the teacher so 
 as to become accustomed to asking questions. 
 
beginners' GERMAN II 
 
 Decline: bie Hufgabc, bie grage, bie HnttDort, bie 5lc^tung, bie 
 Piaffe, bie $Heif)e, bie ©ruppe, bie 2lr6eit, 
 
 E.g. 
 
 N. ^ic Hrbeit ift gut, 
 
 G. 2)ie 2:age bcr 5lrbeit finb SSerftage, 
 
 Z>. ^ei ber 5lrbeit lernen ®ie fleifeig. 
 
 A. ^ie i^eute fd^reiben bie Hrbeit frifd^ unb fro^. 
 
 Of what gender are these nouns? 
 Do they change in the singular? 
 How can you tell nouns in German? 
 
 Britte 2lufgabe 
 
 ©cien (Bit !Da« ift bd^jetSiime „5(c^tung." 
 
 -flifeSf (gie mliffen aufmerffatn fein, nic^t unaufmerffam, 
 fam! 
 
 "iiaffe! ^a§ ^a^v f)at gh)oIf Tlomtt. 
 
 ^ie srt)i)If Tlomtt bc^ 3af)re)§ finb: 
 
 ber 3cinuar, gebruar, 9[)?ara, Hpril, 2)?ai, 3unt, 
 
 3uli, 5liiguft, (September, Dftober, 9^ot)ember, 
 
 ^ejember, 
 3n bem 3cif)v finb sft)oIf SD^onate, 
 3^olf SD^onate bilben bai^ 3ti§i^» 
 ^er 3anuar ift ein Tlonat 
 !Der 3cinuar unb ber gebruar finb ^tod SD^onate, 
 
 etc. 
 8 = ac^t, 9 = neun, 10 = gefin, 
 11 = elf, 12 = ^mil 
 ^er 3?anuar ift ber erfte Tlonat beg ^o^reg, 
 
 gebruar ift ber s^eite SD^onat be^ 3cilf)re§, etc. 
 Huguft ift ber ac^te Tlomt be^ 3af)reg, 
 
12 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 5(u!§ttJCttbig 
 Icrnen: 
 
 SStcber* 
 lloUn ©ic 
 baS! 
 
 2luf|jaffctt! 
 ^iftieren! 
 
 Semen! 
 5(c§tung! 
 
 September tft ber neunte ^D^onat be§ ^ti^teg, 
 Oftober ift ber scf)nte 9)?onat be« ^al^teg, 
 5^ot)cmber ift ber elftc '^fflonat be^ 3af)reg, 
 ^egetnber ift ber ^tDoIfte Tlonat be^ 3^af)reg. 
 
 iDSetd^e^ ift ber erfte Tlonat be^ 3a{)reg? ber biertc 
 momt? 
 
 mt Diele 3}?onate l^at bag 3a!)r? 
 
 ^a6 3a^t: ift lang, 
 
 ber XaQ ift furj> 
 
 ^reifeifi 3:age ]()at 9^obember, 
 
 5lpril, 3uni unb (September, 
 
 gebruar l^at biermal fieben. 
 
 We, bit nod^ ilbrig blieben (still remain), 
 
 ^aben einunbbreifeig, 
 
 '^a^ ift ba^felbe tt)ie „nod^ eintnaL" 
 
 3d^ fd^reibe eg an bie ^afeL 
 
 ,3efet biftiere ic^ eg 3l)nen, ober id^ gebe ^l^nen ein 
 !Diftat! " 
 
 mtill 5rpril! 
 
 '^tiv meife nid^t, H)ag er toilt, 
 
 3d& meife: eg ift {)eute Mttmod^, 
 SBeld^e 9}?onate fiaben 30 Xa^e? 
 SBeld^e 2)^onate ]^aben 31 2age? 
 
 Declension: bag 3af)r, in the Singular. 
 
 Nominative 
 
 Accusative 
 
 Genitive beg 3af)reg 
 
 Z^a/i^'e bem 3a6r(e) 
 
 bag 3af)r 
 
13 
 
 Decline: ha^ grautein, ba6 ©pric^tDort, bag (Snbe, bag ©picl, 
 bag ^ittat 
 E.g. 
 
 iV. 2)a^ ©piel {ft laut 
 G. 3)ie ^lufgabe bc^ ®picl(e)^ ift btcg» 
 D. ^n bcm ©ptet ftnb ©pric^tDorter entl^alten (contained). 
 ^. ®ie lemen t>a^ ©piel gut. 
 
 Of what gender are these nouns? 
 
 Are the natural and the grammatical gender of nouns 
 identical in German? Illustrate. 
 
 Vmk 2Iufgabe 
 
 5(uf^affen! !Dag 3o.f)v l^at bier ^aSreg^eitetu 
 
 !Die bier 3af)regjelten ftnb ober l^ei|en: 
 
 ber griilfiling, ber ©ommer, 
 
 ber ^erbft unb ber SBlnter, 
 SBie l^eifeen bie bier 3af)reggeiten? 
 2Bie Ifiet^en ©ie? 
 
 fSxttt, (Bit miiffen _beutlic§ unb genau fpred^en, ntd^t fo 
 
 bcutia* au^= unbeutrtd^ unb ungenau! 
 f^red)en, ^.^ ^^.^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ englifd^? 
 
 §erbft f)ei6t auf engltfdf) fall (harvest). 
 
 ^anfc! T)a^ tft rec^t , ha^ tft rid^tig, nid^t fqj|^. 
 SSelc^e ^a^regjeit tft je^t? 
 3efet tft eg §erbft, 
 3ft eg ie^t SBtnter? 
 9^ein, mein g»err, {e^t ift eg ntc^t Winter, Jonbern 
 
 ^erbft. 
 SSetcJe 3cil&t:egsett \ioax borlfier? 
 
14 
 
 cinmaU 
 
 Semen 8te 
 hjenbig: 
 
 5td^tttng! 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 SKetd^e 3af)re§selt mirb .n ad^ber fein? 
 
 SBie t)ie(e ^afire^seiten gibt e^? 
 
 SSie biele ^o^re^selten f)afen tDir? 
 
 3n tDcId^er 3alf)re^seit leben tviv? 
 
 SKir leben im (in bem) §erbft, 
 
 ^er griif)ltng ift bie erfte 3af)re^jeit, ■ 
 
 ber (©ontmer ift bie glDeite ^a^re^geit, etc. 
 
 Tlixvi, 5lpril unb Tlai finb bie brei grlifilinQe* 
 
 monate, 
 3uni, 3uli unb Sluguft finb bie brei ©omnter^ 
 
 monate, 
 September, Oftober nnb 5^obember finb bie brei 
 
 ^erbftmonate, 
 ©eaember, ^anuar unb gebruar finb bie brei 
 
 SSintermonate* 
 
 ^er ^erbft ift bie britte ^alfire^aeit* 
 
 !Die Jeit bc)g ^erbftei^ bauert t)on (September bi^ 
 
 9^ot)ember. 
 iBir finb je^t im (in bem) §erbft» 
 (September, Dftober unb S^oDember bilben hm 
 
 §erbft. 
 
 5nif)Iing, ©ommer, $erbft unb SSinter 
 (Sinb beg guten ©otte^ ^inber, 
 ^ringen un^ beg ©uten t)iel: 
 tinmen, grild^te, fro|eg (SpieL 
 
 mv atle finb bie ^inber ©otteg, beg 35aterg, 
 
 SBIumen unb grild^te finb im ©arten. 
 
 ^g gibt t)iele ^lumen unb grlid^te im ©arten; fie 
 
 jDctc^fen im @arten» 
 !Die $Rofe ift eine ^lume; bie ^Tutpe ift aud^ einc 
 
 ^lume. 
 
BEGINNERS GERMAN 1 5 
 
 SBie ^etfet alfo ^lume auf cnglifc^? 
 
 !Der 5lpfel tft eine gnid^t; bie Tldom ift auc^ erne 
 
 iESie fietfet alfo gruc^t auf englifd^? 
 9^ennen ®tc mlr ^lumen unb grlid^te! 
 
 
 Declension: ber §erbft, in the Singular, 
 
 Nominative bcr ^erbft 
 
 Genitive be^ §er6fte^ 
 
 Z?a/iz)e bem §erbft(e) 
 
 Accusative ben $erbft 
 
 Decline: bcr Za^, ber 9JJontag, etc., ber SSerftag, 
 
 ber 2)?onat, ber ^anuar, etc., ber gril{)Ung, etc., 
 \ ber @ott, ber 5Sater, ber ©arten. 
 
 E.g. 
 
 N. ^cr erfte Xaq ber SSod^e l^eifet 9}?ontag. 
 
 G. !Dte Arbeit be^ Sage^ tft grofe. 
 
 Z). 5ln bcm (am) 2^age fd^lafen bie fteinen ^inber. 
 
 A. SSir nennen ben erften SSoc^entag 9}Jontag. 
 
 Of what gender are the names of the days, of the 
 months, and the seasons? 
 
 WORD FORMATION 
 
 What is the force of the prefix un-? 
 
 Ungenau tft: nid^t genau, 
 unbeutUc^ tft: ntc^t beutltd^, 
 unaufmerffam tft: ntd^t aufmerliflltt* 
 
 Do we have the same prefix in English? 
 
i6 
 
 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 5(d^tung ! 
 
 5Cttfangctt 
 (S3cginnen)j 
 
 (SScitcr): 
 
 Scrncn Sic 
 au^menbig: 
 
 ^anfte ^ufgabe 
 
 (g« tft Mt itn iSBinter. (gg Jriert^ unb c6 f d&nett oft, 
 ^er Winter ift ein armer 9}iann, @r BfmgFlemc 
 58Iumen unb feme griid^te, er bringt aber frof)e^ 
 (Spiel ^er SKlnter ift bag Snbe beg ^al^reg, 
 
 3tn grueling ift eg milb, @g ift itn grli!)Iing 
 fc^oner a(g im SSinter, 
 
 ^m (Sommer ift eg inarm, oft fel^r 6d6- ^^^ 
 (gommer ift reid^, @r bringt ung diele ^lutnen 
 unb griid^te, (gg Mijt un b bonn ert oft» 
 
 3m ^erbft ift eg fii^L !Die ^uft ifFm^L (gg ift 
 fd^on, menu bie (Sonne fd^eint, @g regnet oft, 
 ioenn bie (Sonne nid^t fd^eint» ^ann ift bag 
 fetter fd^Ied^t; bann ift eg fd&lec^teg SESetter, 
 
 3?n toeld^er ^ci^i^c^sstt gibt eg feine ^lunten? 
 
 SSag bringt ber SSinter? 
 
 SBann ift eg Mt? 
 
 SSie ift ber SBinter? 
 
 iESann friert eg unb fd^neit eg? 
 
 iBarum friert eg? 
 
 2Bie ift eg im 5riif)ling? etc. 
 
 3m SSinter, iuenn eg frieret, 
 
 Qm SBinter, n^enn eg fd^neit, 
 
 ^ann ift ber SSeg ^uv Sd^ule 
 
 gilrtt)af)r nod^ ^mal fo toeit (flirlDal^r, indeed). 
 
 Unb toenn ber ^udfudf rufet, 
 
 !Dann ift ber grii{)Iing ba, 
 
 ^ann ift ber SBeg gur (Sc^ute 
 
 giirtoal^r noc^ 'mal fo nai). 
 
beginners' GERMAN 1 7 
 
 SBer aber gerne lernet, 
 !Dem i[t fetn SSeg gu fern; 
 3m SSinter h)ie tm griil^lmg 
 ®e()t er gur (Sd^ule gem. 
 
 Hoffmann Don ^alUx^Uhtn, 
 
 5(u!§hJCttbig 9teben tft (Silbcr, 
 lemen: (gc^tDcigen ift ®oIb,— 
 
 ^eben ^d^i fpred^en; fc^tDeigen l^eifet: nid^t reben* 
 
 NOTE 
 
 Are predicative adjectives declined? 
 
 Do the names of the days, months, and seasons require the 
 definite article in English? In German? 
 
 IMPERSONAL VERBS 
 
 (S^ friert, e§ fd^neit, e« bli^t, eg bonnert, e« regnet. 
 What do these five impersonal verbs express? 
 
 ORDER OF WORDS 
 
 I. (gg ift fait tm SStnter. (Normal.) . 
 II. 3m griit)Iing ift c^ mtlb, (Inverted.) 
 III. (gg ift f(^on, tDenn bie ©onnejelljdficint (Dependent.) 
 
 Interchange the normal and the inverted order in I and II. 
 What kind of clauses or sentences are they? 
 
 Change III into two independent clauses of I. 
 
 Combine I and II into a sentence of type III by using the 
 subordinating conjunction n)af)renb (while). 
 
 Notice: SBenn bie ©onnc fd6eint, tft eg fc^oncg SBetter. 
 <Bd)dnt bie (Sonne, [o ift e§ f(^oneg SBetter. 
 
 Note that the German uses a comma before and after a dependent 
 clause. 
 
l8 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 WORD FORMATION 
 
 ^ait Gibt bit tSttc, 
 h)arm gibt bte SScirmc, 
 tnilb gibt bic SD^ilbe, 
 mjl gibt bic tiif)Ic. 
 
 Of what gender are these nouns ending in -e, which are de- 
 rived from adjectives? 
 
 Scd^jle 2lufgabe 
 
 (Review) 
 
 ?gaffcn @ie ©eute lemen tolr ein bcutfd^eg !2ieb, eln SBoIMicb. 
 <^»f* 2)^an fingt ein ;^ieb, 
 
 2)a^ !2ieb f)ei6t: O ^anticniautn. 
 
 D ji:anncnbauTn, o 3:annenbauin, 
 
 iSSie treu finb beine flatter! 
 
 ^u griinft nid^t :ij^ jur ©ommerseit, 
 
 SfldUf auc^ im SBintcr, h)enn eg fd^neit. 
 
 O 5tannenbautn, o jtannenbaum, 
 
 SKie treu finb beine flatter! 
 
 ^i(i)t faut ©er jtannenbaum l^eifet auf englifd^ the fir-tree. 
 fcin! 
 
 mm trttgc 2:reu l^eifet „nic^t falfc^." 
 
 feln! mii^c^ anbere SBort {)ei6t and^: nid^t folfd^? 
 
 (Sin iBaunt^t 53Iatter, t)iele flatter, bk griin finb. 
 
 @inb fie blan ober rot? 
 
 ^ie ^Blatter finb nid^t blan, fonbem griin. 
 
 ^a« ©rag ift grlln, 
 
 <Bmb bit iBIcitter beS jTannenbaum^ griin? 
 
 Satool)!, bie flatter beg 3:annenbaumg finb griin. 
 
beginners' GERMAN 1 9 
 
 3ft bcr ^annenbaum grog ober flein? 
 
 !Dle flatter be^ 2:annenbaumg fietgen 5^abeln, 
 
 (^xunt ber S^annenbaum nur sur (ju ber) (Som=* 
 
 mergett? 
 ©d^neit e6 tm SSinter? 
 <Sd^neit e^ aud^ tm (Sommer? 
 griert e« oft tm (Sommer? 
 3ft bie ?uft tm SBlttter fait ober toaxm? 
 
 JBerftcftcn ^^^j^fffH^^n ba^ !2ieb, 
 
 ©ie ba^ 
 
 Sicb? 
 
 Scfcn ®tc gJS tr lefene g jc^t 
 c^ jc^t! 
 
 Sc^t fmgcn ^te Tldohk ift leic^t, nid^t fc^trer, 
 
 hJtr ba^ 
 
 2icb. 
 
 Semen ©tc 5llte miiffen bag !2teb ftngen! 
 
 hjenbig ! 
 
 SBu^s 3d& buc^ftablcre (spell) 
 
 ftabieren! iBaum — ^ a u m 
 
 treu — t r e u 
 
 neln — n e i n 
 How many diphthongs are there in German? 
 
 JOtfeajfetU ©efunbl^ett tft ha^ ^oc^fte ®ut. 
 
 Semen: ®efunbl)ctt tft beffer al^ ^ranflielt (sickness). 
 
 WORD FORMATION 
 
 ©efunbl^elt l^eifet gefunb [cin» 
 
 SSa« f)el6t ^ranffieit? bie gaul^eit? 
 
 What is the force of the noun-suffix -l^eit? 
 What is the gender of nouns ending in -\)dt? 
 
20 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 Stebtc 2lufgabe 
 
 ®ctcn Sic SBtr ftnb auftnerffant, 
 
 falT^^' 1 ift eine S^; 2 tft aud^ etne Salfil, eine anbere 
 
 3, 4 unb 5 ftnb brci 3tiW^n. 
 S^Wn Sic t)on ciiiig M^ sttjijlf ! 
 S^rccftcn Sic (aut unb bcutUd^! \S 
 
 ^affcn Sic Q^ ga^Ie iDeiter bon 13 bi^ 30: 
 
 *^"f * brelge^n, t)iersef)n, fiinfje^n, \t^^t^n, ftebsef)n, 
 
 ac^tgel^n, neunse^in, s^cin^tQ/ etnunbalDan* 
 gig, gmeiunbslDanatg, etc., neununbatoanjig, 
 breifeig* 
 
 ^o(fi tin-' ^a^ tft genug. 
 
 tnal, Bittc! 3(i^jen ^rffinelt, nld^t langfatn, 
 
 ^c^tung ! graulem 51, ift etn 9}Jctb(^en» 
 9}?aj ^, ift ein ^tiabe, 
 
 Sit^tcn Sic bic ^nabtn unb bic SOlabd^cn! 
 
 ^ic ^naben ftnb nteine <Sd^ix(er; fie gel^en in bie 
 
 (Sc^ule. 
 !Die SJJcibd^en ftnb nteine (Sc^iilerinnen, 
 ^ie tiiele ©(filler ^ahc i<^ f}kx? 
 <Sie ]f)aben , . . l^ier. \ 
 
 SSte btele <Sd&uterinnen ftnb bort? 
 3c§ bin ber ^el^rer, nnb grcinlein ©ntitl^ ift eine 
 
 2ti)vmn, 
 3<^ Ief)re (Sie !l)entf(^, 
 SBir finb greunbe; n)ir f)alten greunbfd^aft. 
 
beginners' GERMAN 21 
 
 ^tefe^ ^u(^ tft rot, biej|ar5e {ene^ ^U($e^ tft blau» 
 3?ebeg ^u(^ f)at (gsitejl/ unb auf jeber (Seite ftnb 
 
 3etlen» 
 3Bel(^e^ iBud^ §aben Bit? 3ft e^ rot, griin ober 
 
 hlan? 
 5Ste Diele SBiid^er l^aben @te l&ier? 
 ^a^ ift eine leid^te Hufgabe; je^t aber erne fd^luerc 
 
 5(ufgabe, feme einfad^e, 
 iSSeld^er iD^onat l^at jebeg t)ierte 3af)r 29 2:age? — 
 3c^ 3af)Ie nun ble 3^^^^^^^ 
 
 Se^n fed^gtg 
 
 Sluansig fiebatg 
 
 brelfetg ad^tgig 
 
 bier^ig neungig 
 
 funfgig f)unbert [taufenb] 
 
 I|tt ©ic ha^ (^nmaUln^ fftxl 
 3. ^. (aum ^eifptel): 
 
 1x8 = 8 elnmal ac^t ift ad^t, 
 
 2 X 8 = 16 stoetmal ad^t tft fed^jel^n, 
 
 3 X 8 = 24 breimal ad^t tft t)ierunbstoansig, etc., 
 10 X 8 = 80 sel^nmal ad^t ift ad^tgig; 
 
 unb fo toeiter (uftoO* 
 
 Declension: biefer, Jener, Jeber, ineld^er (mandfjer). 
 
 Singular 
 
 Norn. 1 . c ^ .. 4.. f o m ^ tDeId6er SJJonat 
 
 Ace. y ' ' hjelc^en 9D?onat 
 
 Gen. jeber ©eite biefeg iBuc^eg tuetd^e^ 2)^onat(e)g 
 
 Dat. Jeber ©eite btefem S3ud5(e) toeld^em 9}Jonat(e) ■ 
 
 Decline: biefer ©driller, }ene (Scftiilerin, jebe^ 9}Jabd^en, 
 
22 
 
 E.g. 
 
 N. 3)ic[c)g S8u(5 tft rot. 
 
 G. !3)ic garbc bie[c)§ 58ud^c§ ift rot 
 
 JD. 3n btefcm ^ud^ [tub Diele ©etten. 
 
 A. SSir lefen biefc^ 53ucf) gu (gnbe. 
 
 How are blcfer, jener, ieber, melc^er declined? Like what? 
 What do you call them? 
 
 2ldjte Jlufgabe 
 SC^tung ! <Sie tnliffen aufpaffen; ®le iDcrbcn nte etma^ lemen. 
 
 Semen: „mev ^Ttifang ift fc^rt)er." ®a^ ift ein neue§ 
 ®pri^h)brt fiir un^, fein alte^. ^er 5lnfang 
 ift ba^felbe trie ba^ iBeQinnen. 
 
 ^txt^A SSie alt finb ®ie? 
 
 (Sagen ®ie: tcft 0in 13 ^cil^re unb 5 Wlonatt alt 
 
 Secret sum bu 6ift 13 3cxlE)re unb 5 9}?onatc alt; 
 @*u(er: t)U bift iung unb nid^t alt. 
 
 Sei^rer unb er ift 13 ^al^re unb 5 OJ^onate alt; 
 ^^Jiffe: fic marm) ift . . . 
 
 e^ {ba^ mm^n) ift . . • 
 
 (Scten ®te SSir fmb fef)r aufmerffam, 
 
 fe^r auf* 
 
 mcrffam! 
 
 Setter sur ti^r feib fcl^r aufmcrffam* 
 ^kffe: 
 
 Sel^rcr unb fie fmb aufmerffam* 
 Piaffe: 
 
 ^ttc 3c^ bin aufmerffam, 
 
 Sufammen! ^^ ^^ft aufmerffam u\tt>. 
 
23 
 
 iSBie alt ftnb ©te unb (Sic? 
 
 ilSie alt felb i!!)r sufamtnen? 
 
 ilBie alt njaren ©ie le^te^ 3ct?)t? 
 
 ilBie alt iDerben <3ie nd$^f ^a^i^ fetn? 
 
 3i5tL?stM^l: ^^ ^^^ 15 3ol)re alt, 
 bu toarft 14 3af)re alt, 
 er l:)trb 16 3^af)re alt fern, 
 lt)tr ftnb beibe 15 Qa^xt alt, 
 tl)r ftjart 14 3al)re alt, 
 fie iDerben 16 3al)re alt fein. 
 
 ®te ftnb fo alt h)ie er. 
 
 ©ie ftnb ntc^t fo alt toie er. 
 
 (Sie ftnb alter al^ er. 
 
 @ie ftnb ber ciltefte t)on il^nen. 
 
 i£Ste biele (Sd^iiler ftnb l^ter ober ftnb anhjefcnb? 
 
 SKie btele ©driller ftnb nic^t l)ter ober abnjcfenb? 
 
 5lmerifa l^at {e^t 48 (Staaten, 
 
 3)entfd§lanb l)at 26 ©taaten. 
 
 SBte Diele (Staaten l^aben 5lmerifa unb !Deutf(^lanb 
 ^ufamrrten? 
 
 „3ett ift ®elb," fo fagt man. . 
 
 S(^ ^abt biel 3^tt, alfo l)abe i^ au^ \)id ®elb. 
 
 S^ic^t toalir? 
 
 (Bnmmt !I)a6 tft ba^felbc tote: ift ha^ rtd^tiG (red^t)? 
 ba^? 
 
 3e^t loollen totr red^nen unb 9^ed^enaufgaben lofen. 
 SBtr nel)men bie ^Ibbitton imv\t, bann bie ®ub= 
 traftion, barauf bie SJ^ultiplifation unb gulefet 
 bie !I)ibifion. 
 5(bbition an 38 
 
 bcr 2^afel: _,_26 
 
 64 
 
24 
 
 6 unb 8 tft 14; id^ fc^reibc 4 f)in unb be{)alte 1 im 
 
 (Sinn; 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 1 unb 2 ift 3 unb 3 ift 6, 
 
 3)ie 5lnth)ort ift 64» 
 
 !Da^ \)ti^t abbieren. 
 
 
 •'" 
 
 
 5lbbicrcn (Sle biefe 3ctl^ten: 
 
 
 
 1 3 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 2 6 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 5 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 6 4 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 8 9 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 3um 58etfpiel: 
 
 
 
 
 8+6+4+2 
 
 + 1 = 
 974 
 
 = 21 ufm. 
 
 
 - 
 
 -518 
 
 
 
 ©uBtraf* 
 tion an bcr 
 2;afel: 
 
 456 
 
 8 bon 4 Qel^t ntd^t; ic^ borge ein^ (3e|)ner); 
 
 8 t)on 14 ift 6; 1 bon 6 ift 5; 5 Don 9 ift 4. 
 
 !3)ie ^ntti3ort ift 456. 
 
 ^ag fieifet fubtra^ieren» 
 
 !^ie 9JJultiplifation fenncn iDir. SBir l^aben bag 
 
 ©inmaleing gelemt unb fonnen multipligieren. 
 
 ^itjifion an 8470 ^ 5 = 1694 
 
 ber Safcl: 5 („ g gefit einmal; eg bleiben 3 iibrig. 3^ ^ole 4 
 
 l^erunter. 
 5 in 34 gel^t fec^gmal; 4 bleiben ttbrig. 3^ ^oU 7 
 
 l^erunter. 
 5 in 47 ge^it 9 mal; eg bleiben 2. ^(^ Sole ^uK 
 
 f)erunter. 
 5 in 20 gef)t 4 maL 
 ^ie Hntmort ift 1694. 
 !Dag ijeifet bibibieren. 
 
beginners' GERMAN 2$ 
 
 mtt)kl ift: 12 X 12 + 6 4- 15 - 2 = ? 
 
 !Die HnttDort ift 8, 
 
 3tt)olfmaI slDoIf ift f)unbert i)ierunbt)ierjig, 
 144 unb (plu^) fed^^ ift f)unbert filnfstQ, 
 150 (bit)ibiert) burd^ filnfjel^n ift jel^n, 
 10 iDeniger (minug) jlDei ift ac^t, 
 
 ©ine beutfc^e 'matt l^at 100 pfennig, 
 
 ©in ^Dollar f)at ungefdfir 4 Tlaxt 
 
 me biele ayjarf unb <ipfennig finb $42,30? 
 
 Conjugate the present of id) l^in, using adjectives and their 
 opposites. 
 
 E.g. 
 
 id5 bin fteifeiQ, toix finb fro^, 
 
 Jit)r feib traurig; 
 [©ie fii 
 
 bu bift faul; 
 
 cr ift gut, 
 
 fie (e«) ift fd^Ied^t; 
 
 finb grog, 
 (ic finb !Iein. 
 
 Where is the accent in most foreign nouns, e.g. 5Ibbition? 
 SSo ()aben tuir faul unb fro^ getcrnt? 
 
 Note that hu is used when addressing a child (a relative, a friend) ; 
 i^r is the plural of bu; 
 
 ©ic is used when speaking to young people and adults, 
 singular and plural. 
 
26 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 Heunte 2lufgabe 
 
 SBlc biete ^age f)at cine SSoc^e? 
 
 ©Ine SSoc^e I)at fteben ^^age, 
 
 5lIfo, miebtele 3:age bilben einc SSoc^e? 
 
 ^od^ (Siebcn S^agc bllben erne ilSod^e, 
 
 cinmaU SSeld^eg ftnb bte SScrftage cincr SSod^e? 
 
 !Dte ilSerftage einer SKoc^e finb ♦ ♦ . 
 
 SBie biele geiertage ftnb in ciner SBod^e? 
 
 3n einer 3So(^e ift ein geiertag* 
 
 Declension: eine SSoc^e, Feminine Singular, 
 
 Nominative 1 , cm «- 
 Accusattve J 
 Genitive einer SSod^e 
 Z)a/iz;e einer SSo(|e 
 
 Decline: eine SBlnnte, eine gmc^t, eine ©omntergeit, etc., einc 
 SJJelobie, eine S(^% ^i^^ ©d^nle, eine ^d^iilerin, eine 2cf)xtnn, eine 
 garbe, eine <Seite, eine 3^il^/ ^i^c S^ec^enaufgabe, eine ^bbition, etc., 
 eine Tlavt, eine §anb, 
 
 ©ieg ift ein 53eifpiel: 
 
 ^ne SB tunic ift fd^on* 
 ^ie ^Blatter cincr JBlume finb griin. 
 !Der (Schiller gibt cincr S3tumc Staffer* 
 ^ie ^el^rerin ^at cine S5lumc» 
 
 Is there any difference in the declension of einc and bic? 
 
 SSie t)iele SO^onate ^at ein 3at)r? 
 
 ©in 3tt^t^ ^cit gtDoIf 50^onate, 
 
 ilBie t)iele ^[yjonate bilben bal)er ein 3a|)r? 
 
beginners' GERMAN 27 
 
 Srt)olf ¥tonatc bilben ein Sd^v. 
 
 ilBeld^e^ finb bk brei ^erbftmonatc cinc^ ^ol^reS? 
 
 (ober: SSie fieifeen , . ») 
 S)ie brei ^erbftmonate eine6 3a]f)re^ finb fteifeen): 
 
 (September, Oftober utib 9^ot)eniber» 
 iB3ie biele ^ci^t^e^seiten ^iht e^ in ctnem ^al^r? 
 ©^ gibt bier ^a^ire^geiten in einem 3at)x. 
 
 Declension: ein ^ai)V, Neuter Singular. 
 Nominative 
 
 Accusative J 
 
 Genitive eine^ 3abre^ 
 
 Dative einem 3af)r 
 
 Decline: ein ^inb, ein l^ieb, ein SSort, ein SSIatt, ein Tl^biS)tn, 
 ein grcinlein, ein 58u(^, ein 53eijpiel. 
 
 All nouns in d^en and (ein (diminutives) are of what gender? 
 
 ^ag iBIttttc^en ift ein fleineg matt 
 
 SSag ift ein ^lid^tein? ein ^inbc^en? 
 
 What difference is there between ha^ and ein in the 
 declension? 
 
 $ier ift ein ^eifpiel: 
 
 @tn ^inb ift jung, 
 3)ie (gitern einc^ ^inbe^ finb alt* 
 3d^ gebe einem ^inb bag ^u^. 
 3?(^ berftel^e ein ^inb felfir gut. 
 
 5(ttfge)ja6t! !Der 53ater unb bie 9}^utter finb bie ©Item eine^ 
 
 ^inbeg. 
 ^ie (gitem unb (bie) ^inber bitben eine gamitie. 
 3)er 53ater ift ein 99^ann, aber bie ^utttv ift eine 
 
 grau. 
 !Der iBruber ift ein ^nabe, aber bie ^^m\ttv ift 
 
 ein Tlixb^tn. 
 
28 
 
 (gin ^tnb tft entmeber ein ^nabc, ber ©oJin; ober 
 
 cin n)2abc§en, bic ^od^ter, 
 SEBic t)tele ^riiber unb (Sd^meftcrn f)aben ©le? 
 ^riiber unb (S(^n)eftem ftnb ©efd^miftcr. 
 !Der ^ruber metneg S3ater§ ober tneiner Thitkt 
 
 tft metn DnfeL 
 ^ie ©c^mefter mcineS 33aterg ober melner 9)^utter 
 
 ift metne Xante. 
 
 Observe that the article, etc., is repeated when the nouns differ in 
 gender or in number. 
 
 Semen @ie (gl^re je^t bie '^Utn, 
 
 au^toenbig: <j)y ^jeibft nic^t etoig ^inb; 
 
 (Sie loaren, loa^ bu bift, 
 
 Unb bn ioirft, toa^ fie ftnb. 
 
 getjnte 2lufgabe 
 
 SlSte btele 2:age l^at ein 3J^onat? 
 (5in ajJonat f)at 30 ober 31 2:age, 
 9^eit.ne ben 9^amen etne^ ^onat^ I 
 5Iuguft tft ber 9^ame eine^ 9}?onat(e)g* 
 2Bo loaren <Bte ijor etnem SD^onat (ago) ? 
 58or einem 9}^onat ioar td^ in ber (Sc^ule, 
 SSie biele 3:age bilben etneti Tlonat? 
 30 ober 31 3:age bilben einen 9}^onat, 
 
 Declension: ein SD^onat, Masculine Singular, 
 
 Nominative ein 9J?onat 
 
 Genitive eine^ 90^onat(e)g 
 
 Z)a^*'z>e einem SO?onat(e) 
 
 Accusative einen $D?onat 
 
29 
 
 Decline: em ^annenbaum, etn ©(^iiler, eln 2tt)Xtv, dn Slnfonaf 
 etn ©taat, ein *iPfennig, em geiertag, etn iSater, ein Tlann, dn 
 Sruber, ein OnfeL 
 
 Sum ^eifpiel: 
 
 9^eh) g)orf ift cm (Biaat 
 
 ^ie !2eute (iBetoo^ner) cinei3 (BiaaM J^eigcn 
 
 JBlirger ^ 
 3tt ctttcm <Btaatt gibt e^ t)tele 8c^ulen» 
 ^te iBurger bilben ctnen ©taat* , J ^ A M 
 
 2M.&erftete_©e.boc^? . """^^ ^dt^^uu 
 
 S3rat) fein! @ie miiffen kat) feln, b> 1^» (bag fielfet) gut fein. 
 What difference in the declension is there between 
 
 bcr unb ein? 
 
 SScttcr! mt btete iSSoc^en l^at bag ^alfir? 
 |ic gansc T)ag ^a^r r)at 52 iSSod^en, 
 ^^^"^* SSie t)ierc Stage ^at ein 3a^r? 
 
 @in Sal^r l^at 365 Stage. 
 
 SSie biele ^age finb aber in einent ^^aitiaf)x? 
 
 3n einem ©c^altjalfir finb 366 ^age. 1912 ift ein 
 
 SBie biete gtunben fiat ein ^ag? (Sin Xa^ l^at 
 
 24 (Stunben. 
 SSir l^aben je^t eine beutfc^e ©tunbe bon 10-11 Ul^n 
 ilSie biele SJJinuten l^at eine ©tunbe? 
 (Sine <Stunbe l^at 60 3}?inuten. 
 53on 1-2 (big imi) ift eine ©tunbe. 
 33on 2-3 ift tnieber eine ®tunbe, nnb fo hjeiter. 
 @ine l^albe (Stunbe l^at 30 9}?inuten. 
 @ine 33iertelftunbe f)at 15 9D?inuten, 
 ©ine SO^inute f)at 60 ©efunben. 
 
 mieu! 9luf2Bicberfe^en! 
 
30 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 €lftc 2tufgabe 
 
 ©utcn 3efet ift c8 9 Uf)r* ^ie (Sonne f(5cint» (g^ tft 
 
 Smorgcn! jett, (g^ ift frii^' mx ^aben fe^t ben fril^en 
 SfTorgen* 9!M4 ^^^ 9[)^orGen fomrrtt ber 3Sor* 
 mittag. Urn 12 Uf)r tft e^ 9}^ittaG. SDarauf 
 l^aben iDir ben 9^ac^mittag, unb bann fommt 
 ber jibenb. (g^ tft abenb^ nic^t l^eK, fonbem 
 WK bunfel, unb e^ tft nid^t frltl^, fonbem fpfit. ^te 
 ^ad)t folgt; unb bann inirb e^ SD^tttemac^t. 
 
 ^er 3}?orgen tft ber Dften, unb ber 5lbenb tft ber 
 ilBeften. !Der ^^ittag tft ber ©ilben, unb bic 
 SJ^tttemac^t ift ber 9^orben, 
 
 SJian rebet feine greunbe fo an: 
 
 ©uten mox^ml ©uten Xag! ©uten ^Ibenb! 
 ®ute g^ac^t! 
 
 ^a^ ift fiiraer aU: i(i) Mnfd^e 3^nen guten Tlox^ 
 gen ufto* 
 
 \gaben ©ie ^op\Votf) (headache)? 
 & tut mir fef)r leib, bafe ©ie ^opftuel) l^aben, 
 ^offentlid^ merben (Sie balb n)ieber gefunb* 
 
 fatten ®ie tjor s^ei ^al^ren ^eutfc^? 
 92ein, t)or jtpei 3af)ren f)atte id^ fein ^eutfc^» 
 $aben @ie @t sn)ei Wflonatm ^Deutfd^? 
 ^c^Dol^I, feit gmei 9[)^onaten l^abc ic^ ^eutfc^. 
 
 Scorer sum bu f)aft feit jtoei 9D?onaten ^eutfc^* 
 ©chiller: 
 
 Secret unb er (fie, eg) l^at feit gh)ei SD^onaten ^eutfd^, 
 Piaffe: 
 
 SSeiter! toir Ifiaben feit ji^ei SD^onaten ^eutfc^, 
 ^taffe! 
 
 Sraulcitt 
 
 ^err S3.! 
 
BEGINNERS GERMAN 3 1 
 
 Scoter sur t^r ^abt fett siDel SJ^onaten ^eutfd^. 
 Piaffe: (g^^ fj^^g^^ je^t ^^ei 3}?onaten 3)eutf(^, 
 
 Sci^rcr unb fie Jiaben feit stoei $D?onaten ^eutfd^. 
 
 Conjugate the present of id^ f:\abt in complete sentences. 
 E.g. 
 
 i^ fiaht bie er[te Hufgabc, h)ir Jciben bie [e(5fte ^Tufgabe, 
 
 bu {)aft bie gtDeite Slufgabe, 
 
 ii)v f}aht bie [iebte ^lufgabe, 
 ©ie bciben bie adite Hufgabe, 
 
 ' er bat bie britte Hufgabe, 
 
 fie bcit bie bierte 2lu[gabe, fie baben bie neunte (stoangigfte) 
 
 e« (bag Wflah^tn) 'i)at bie Hufgabc. 
 
 fitnfte 5lufgabe, 
 
 Use similarly: 
 
 bie grage, bie 5lnth)ort, bie Seftion, etc. 
 
 bag (Spiel, bag SSort, bag ^ud^, etc. 
 
 einen Sebrer, eineti 53ater, einen geiertag, etc. 
 
 Is there a special progressive or emphatic verbal form in 
 German? 
 
 Does the present replace the future and the perfect at 
 times? 
 
 What is the difference in the use of abet and fonbcttl? 
 
 Does fonbcrn mean "but on the contrary"? Illustrate. 
 
 E.g. 
 
 ^g ift friib, abcr eg ift bunfel. 
 
 ^g ift nic^t friib, f onbern eg ift fptit. 
 
32 
 
 gtpolfte ^ufgabe 
 
 Hufraffen! !^a6 ift eine Ul^r* !Dte U^r tft runb, fie ift nld^t 
 eclifi* 
 
 3etgen (Bit m§ alien bte Ulftr in ber ^kffc! 
 
 !Die ^Iaffenuf)r f)at gtrei <3^i9^^» ®in B^iQ^i^ tft 
 filr bie (Stunben, bcr anberc fiir bie 9}iinuten. 
 
 SBiebiel U^r ift e^ jefet? 
 
 ©^ ift Qegen se^n U^r, 3ft eg frli^ ober fpcit? 
 
 3n fiinf SJ^inuten ift eg fiinf 9}iinuten nad& 10, 
 
 3n 15 ar^inuten ift eg ein 53iertel nac^ 10 (ill). 
 
 3n 30 9}?inuten ift eg ^alb elf, 
 
 3n 45 $minuten ift eg ein 3SierteI bor 11 (fll), 
 
 3n 50 9[^inuten ift eg sef)n 9}^inuten Dor 11, etc. 
 
 ^unft ^alh brei ift unfere (Seville aug. 
 
 Urn iDiebiel Ui)v Qti)tn (Bit abenbg ju iSdl2 
 
 ilSann ftel^en @ie morgeng auf? 
 
 3c^ ftef)e urn fieben UffX auf. 
 
 Urn njieDiel Ul^r gelfien (Sie am ©onntag in bie 
 ^ird^e? 
 
 $aben (Sie gu §aufe eine Ul^r? — 
 
 SSiebiel ift f t)on 100? 
 
 i t)on 100 = 20, i t)on 100 = 40, f t)on 100 = 60, 
 
 i t)on 120 = 20, 20 X 6 = 120, 
 
 I (smei ^Drittel) t)on 1800 = 1200; i t)on 1800 = 
 
 600, f finb 1200; ufm. 
 
 Semen ©ie 3(^ fann ftef)en, 
 
 SSenn id^ milbe bin, 
 I^ege id& ntic^ ]f)in. 
 
33 
 
 <Binb (Ste tniibe unb nid)t frifc^? 
 ^ag ift fd^abe. ^§ tut mir leib, bag (Bk milbe 
 ftnb! 
 
 Piaffe! (Ste milffen Qerabe ft^cn, nte frumm! 
 
 ©crabc ift fo biel h)le au\vtd)t ^onnen (Bit nid^t 
 
 gerabe ft^en?— 
 '^d)mtn Bk S^l^re 2:afc§enu]^r, unb fagen <Bk 
 
 mir, toie tiiele 3^^9^^ ^i^^ ^^afc^enulfir l^atl 
 iffiofiir ift ber britte 3^i9^^? 
 iESa^ jeigt biefer 3^tger (an) ? 
 3ft eine ^^^afc^enul^r birf ober blinn? 
 SSie ift eine SBanbufir? 
 Unfcre ^laffenulfir ift eine SSanbufir, toeil fie an 
 
 ber SSanb ficingt. 
 (Sine ^afd^enul^r ift eine Ul^r fiir bie Xafd^e. 
 
 Take a railroad time-table and have the pupils read the 
 various trains as to their leaving and arriving! 
 
 Railroad j^eifet auf beutfd^ bie ^ifenbal^n; train 
 
 l^eifet auf beutfc^ ber Sm* 
 3* ^* 3)er erfte Sm ^^^4 ^roofli^n gel^t urn 6 
 
 ]Xt)V t)on 9^en) 2)orf ab; ber ^toeite Sm ^^(^^ 
 
 ^roo!lt)n %ti)t urn 6:15 l3on 5^em 2)orf ab, etc. 
 SSann fommt ber erfte Sm in 9^en3 g)orf an? etc. 
 5D^it tDelc^em Sm rtjerben @ie fal^ren? 
 S^c^.lnerbe mit bem le^ten 3^9 faf)ren. @^ ift 
 
 mir einerlei (e^ mac^t mir nid^t^ au§), tnenn 
 
 id^ fpat nad^ ^aufe fomme* 
 
 ^ai§ ini SBa§ Ifieigt bag auf englif(^? Uberfe^en Bk ben 
 nic^t^ t (g(j^ t^g gnglif d^e ! — SSorte bilben einen Bai^. 
 
34 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 Q^ tocrbc ntorgcn ben 3ug nel^men; 
 bu ttJtrft tnorgen ben Sm nel^men; 
 
 Scorer: 
 
 Scorer unb ^. . c ^ r 
 
 tlaffc: ^^ ^^^^ tnorgen ben S^^ nel^men; 
 
 tdxv njerbcn morgen ben Sm nel^men; 
 I if)r hjcrbct morgen ben Sm nef)men; 
 [ ©ie njerben morgen ben 3ug nef)men; 
 fie njerbcn morgen ben 3^9 nel^men* 
 
 rcn @ic: 
 
 td§ h)erbe bag ^ieb fingen, 
 
 id^ toerbe ben Bai^ fpred^en, 
 
 x<i) toerbe bte 5lnfgabe temen, 
 
 td^ tDerbe in bie ^ird^e gel^en, 
 
 id^ iDerbe etnen frol^en (^onntag l^aben, 
 
 td^ toerbe baranf tcetten, 
 
 iESo 5aben mir barauf tcettcn nnb frozen <Bomiaq 
 
 SSeiter! 
 
 I)rct3cljnte 2tufgabe 
 
 iESie t)iele ^ippen l^aben h)tr? 
 
 SSir f)aben stuei Si|j)jcn, bie Unterlippe unb bie 
 
 Dberlippe, 
 Sinb bie ^ippen rot ober blau ober griin? 
 ^ie Si^^en finb tot 
 SSeld^eg ift bie gar be ber ^ippen? 
 ^ie garbe ber 2xpptn ift rot 
 SBa^ tun toir mit ben ^ippen? 
 3)?it ben Si^^jen pfeifen n)ir, 
 
 SSie biele JJinger Iiaben toiv? 
 SIBir l^aben ^elfin ginger aufammen* ^a^ ift ber 
 fleine ginger! 
 
beginners' GERMAN 35 
 
 (Sinb bie ginger bicf ober bllnn? 
 
 ^ic ginger fitib bixnn. 
 
 iffielcfie^ ift hk gorm ber ginger? 
 
 !Die gorm ber ginger ift runb, nic^t e(ftg* 
 
 SBa6 tut man mit ben gingem? 
 
 SD^it ben gingem fill^tt man. 
 
 Stci^tung! SBie biele S<i^^^ ^ciben ©ie? ©er Sc^^^ ift fpife 
 nnb fd^arf, nic^t ftumpf. 
 SSir ]f)akn stDeiunbbreifeig 3fi8ti^» 
 iESie finb bie 386«c, fd^arf ober ftumpf? 
 ilBa6 ift bie Hufgabe ber Ba^ne? 
 !Die 5lufga6e ber S'^^^^ ift su beifeen unb p fauen* 
 SSa^, tun tviv mit ben ^fi^nen? 
 Tilt ben S^^nen beifeen unb fauen tnir. 
 
 5(ufge^afit! Wit 93?anner, grauen unb ^inber ^laben jtoci 
 
 %VLQtn. 
 Tilt beifSlugen fel^en mir. SSir atle l^aben aud^ 
 
 S^ei Dl^ren. 
 Tlit ben £)l^ren l^oren tt)ir. !Da§ Huge unb ba^ 
 
 £)^x finb nu^ic^. 
 SKir l^aben eine 92afe. $l^it ber 5^afe riec^t man. 
 T)k Hugen, bie €>l^ren unb bie 92afe finb im (^t^ 
 
 fi*t 
 !D^it ben sefin gingem an ben gnjei ^cinben fiifilen 
 
 tDtr. 
 !^ieg ift bie red^te $anb, unb ba^ ift bie linfe 
 
 §anb. 
 Wftit ber §anb fd^reiben toir. 
 SBir ]f)aben aud^ s^ei iBeine unb ^toei giifee. 
 Tlit ben ^einen unb giifeen ge{)en mir. !Da^ ift 
 
 ha^ red^te ^ein, unb bie^ ift ber linfe gug* 
 
36 
 
 ^ix lecfcn ble ^tppen mit bcr gunge ^ 
 
 9)?lt betn SO^unbe (mit ber (Stmtme) fprec^en tx)ir, 
 
 iJSir f)aben aud) gmet Hrme, 3)er 5lrm ift ba6 
 
 gJiil^.pber ein ©lieb. 
 !Dte Hrmc unb bie ^elne finb ©lieber* 
 Hlle ©tieber bilben ben ^orper. 
 ilBtr l^aben aud^ einen gopf« 5luf bem ^opf ftnb 
 
 biele Smct. 
 ^a6 ^aar f)at biele Jarben* 
 2(uf bem ^opfe trn^ett tDir einen §ut, 
 5ln ben giifeen tragen )Dir ©triimpfe nnb (Sd^ul^c* 
 SDer <Sc^u]^ ift bicf, aber ber (Stmmpf ift bUm 
 
 Declension in the Plural (bie 2ippt, ber ginger, ber S^tin). 
 Norn, bie gippen bie ginger bie B^^i^^ 
 
 Gen. 
 
 ber !2ippen 
 
 ber ginger 
 
 ber S&W 
 
 Dat. 
 
 ben !2ippen 
 
 ben gingem 
 
 ben ^ttftnen 
 
 Ace, 
 
 bie Sippen 
 
 bie ginger 
 
 bit 3(ijnc 
 
 Decline in the plural like bie Stppc in complete sentences: 
 bie 5lufgabe, bie gran, bie ?ef)rerin, bie ^ukxin, bie SSoc^e, bie 
 33Iume, bie ®c§nle, bie ^ird^e, bie garbe, bie Vii)x, bie 9^afe, bie 
 <3unge. ' 
 
 Of what gender are these nouns? 
 
 Are their stem-vowels a, 0, n ever modified (Umlaut) in 
 the plural? 
 
 How are masculine nouns ending in -C inflected? E.g. ber 
 ^nabe. 
 
 The -(e)n declension is called the weak declension of 
 nouns. 
 
 All other nouns that do not take the ending -(e)n in the 
 plural (or in the genitive singular) are said to follow the 
 strong declension. 
 
37 
 
 Decline in the plural like bcr f^itigcr: 
 
 (a) ber ^orper, ber SSinter, ber ©ommer, ber ©driller, ber 
 
 gefirer, ber £)nfel; ba^ 9}Jabc^en, ba;^ grftulein; 
 
 (b) with Umlaut (tt, o, il): 
 
 ber 3Sater, ber 53ruber, ber Garten; 
 bic SJhitter and bic Xo(3i)ttx* 
 
 Do these nouns take an additional ending to form the 
 plural? 
 
 What did you notice about the dative plural of all nouns? 
 
 How many feminine nouns are in this class? 
 
 What are the nominative singular endings of all these 
 nouns? 
 
 Decline in the plural like bcr S^^^* 
 (a) without Umlaut: 
 
 ber Hrm, ber (B^u'i), (ber greunb), ber 2^ag; 
 
 \>a^ 3a()r; ba^ <SpieI, ha^ iBein* 
 
 (jb) with Umlaut (bie S^^^&* 
 
 ber @o()n, ber gufe, ber ^opf,.ber ^ut, ber ©trumpf; 
 bie §anb, bie ^a^t, bie SKdnb, bie Suft, 
 
 Most of the nouns that take the ending -c in the nomina- 
 tive plural are of what gender? 
 
 Are the nominative, genitive, and accusative plural 
 always the same with any noun? 
 
 Do English nouns ever form the plural by Umiaut? Illus- 
 trate. 
 
 Give the principal parts of nouns as follows: bie !2ippe, ber 
 ;2lppe, bie ^ippen; ber ginger, be^ i^inger^, bie ginger, etc. 
 
38 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 t)ier5eljnte 2lufgabe 
 
 Sluf^affcn! me l^cifeen biefc belben ^Inber? 
 
 ^ie ^inbcr fieifeen ^an^ unb grilj* 
 
 SSeld^e^ finb bie ^^amen ber ^inber? ' 
 
 !Die Seamen bcr ^inbcr finb ^an^ unb gri^. 
 
 iEBcr fte{)t bet ben ^inbem? 
 
 !Der ^el^rer ftef)t bei ben ^tnbetn* 
 
 SBer ftel^t unb l^ort bie ^inber? 
 
 SSir fef)en unb l^oren bie ^inber. 
 
 Declension of t>a^ ^inb in the Plural. 
 
 Nominative 
 
 bie ^inber 
 
 Genitive 
 
 ber ^inber 
 
 Dative 
 
 ben ^inbern 
 
 Accusative 
 
 bie ^inber 
 
 Decline in the plural like ha^ ^inb in complete sentences: 
 ha^ 2kb, ba^ @Iieb; ba6 i8u($, bag ^latt, ba8 ©prid^toort (bie 
 iBild^er, etc.) ; ber 9Wann. 
 
 What is the gender of most nouns taking -er in the nom- 
 inative plural? 
 
 Are the stem-vowels a, o, u always modified in the plural 
 of these nouns? 
 
 NOTE 
 
 !^iefe« tinb ift ein ^nabe. 
 ^er ^nabe beifet ^axl 
 !Der 9^ame be^ tnabcn ift ^axl 
 3(5 gebe bem ^naben ein ^ud^. 
 SSir feben ben ^naben oft. 
 ^iefe ^naben finb nteine ©dottier. 
 
39 
 
 In what way do the masculine nouns of the weak declen- 
 sion differ from the feminine nouns? 
 
 Stc^tutig! ^ie ^oxmtx tvxt^ ©taatCig ftnb btc ^iirger* 
 
 ^ic ©taatcn 9^eh) g)orf unb 9^em ^erfei) (legen tm 
 
 Often t)on ^Imerlfa, 
 !Die garbe bc^ 3(«gc)^ tft oft blau, 
 ^ic 5(ugen finb im ©eftd^t* 
 !Die ^lufgabe be^ Oi&rc^ tft ju l^orcn* 
 3Bir l^aben stuei D^rcn* 
 
 Why should these three nouns be said to follow the so- 
 called mixed declension? (ber ©taat, 'ta^ 5lugc, ba^ £)f)r)» 
 
 ^anfseljnte 2lufgabe 
 
 (Review) 
 
 Classify all nouns into : 
 A. The -n class (Weak declension. No Umlaut). 
 
 (1) the iV«-ending class 1 (Strong 
 
 (2) the -C class I d I ' ^ 
 
 (3) the -cr class (always Umlaut) J 
 
 -(c)^ genitive singular; -(c)n nominative plural (Mixed 
 declension). 
 
 S[Sieber!)oIung ber ganjen ^eflination ber ^aupt- 
 
 tDorter munblid^ unb f (firif tlid^ ! 
 3Barum f)ei6en Nouns auf beutfd^ ^aupttDorter? 
 
 S» 58, i(^ l^abe pid ^ippen, 
 bu f)aft sef)n ginger, 
 er f)at 32 Bfi^tte, 
 
 B. 
 
40 
 
 fie (ee) {)at t)ter 53iid^er; 
 h3ir t)aben fiitif ?el)rerlnnen, 
 tl^r 'i)abt fed^S Sefirer, 
 
 . fie l^aben ftarfe ©Ileber* 
 
 gem anbein @ie (Change) ben (Singular in hen 
 plural in biefen ©ii^en (bie ©injaf)! in bie 
 3^ef)rsaW: 
 
 id^ ]f)a5e eine 9^afe, 
 bu l^aft einen ^ruber, 
 er l^at einen ^opf, 
 fie (e§) ]()at ein ^kb. 
 
 3* ^* 2Bir l^aben (gtoei 9lafen) 9lafen ufm, 
 
 ®ibt eg einen "ipiurar t)on „ein, eine, ein"? 
 
 Tlan farm folgenben *^lural gebraud^en: 
 
 Nominative einige 
 
 Genitive einiger 
 
 Dative einigen 
 
 Accusative einige 
 
 5Beantn)orten Bk bie folgenben gragcn: 
 
 i^omit fel^en toir? 
 SKomit l^oren tdix? 
 SSomit ri-ed^en tt)ir? 
 iESomit fiil^Ien toir? 
 SBomit J(f)jrietfen mir ? 
 SBomit gelfien tnir? 
 SBomit fprec^en iDir? 
 SSomit beifeen h)ir? 
 SBontit fd^reiben toir? 
 
ttjenbifl: 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 4I 
 
 iSSelc^e^ ift bie garbe ober bie gorm ober bie 3<iW 
 ber ^tppen? 
 ber ginger? 
 ber 3^^^^? 
 ber m^tx? 
 
 Semen ®ie 9D^it ben 5(ngen fann tc^ fel^en, 
 ^itJt^^' "^^^ ^^^ Siifeen fann tc^ ge^en, 
 
 Mil ben ^cinben fann ic^ greifen, 
 
 Tlit bem SD^unbe fann td^ pfeifen; 
 
 SD^lt ben Dl^ren fann id) l^oren 
 
 ®nte ©priid^e, Icelfe ^ef)ren, 
 
 ©retfen fiet^t fll^Ien, l^alten, 
 
 !Der 9}Junb ift mnb, toenn man pfeift 
 
 !Der (S)3mc^ fommt Don fpred^en* 
 
 Supply the missing endings or words in : 3^X1- 
 ^nabe f)at ein- runben ^opf mit ein- furgen 
 ^aU (ber ^al^, neck), ©r l^at ein- red^ten 
 5lnn nnb ein- linfen 5lrm, and^ — red^te^ 
 iBein nnb — linfe^ iBein. (gr l)at gJt)ei §anbe 
 mit sefin — . @r f)at strei blane — , gtuei gnte 
 £) — , ein- fleine 91 — nnb fd^one S — ♦ 
 
 What case do these prepositions always 
 govern: 
 
 tntt, nad^, Bet, 
 ton, 5U, an§, 
 ' 7^t iinb anfter? Illustrate. 
 E.g. 
 SKir gel^en nadd bem SSeften gu nnferen greunben* 
 
42 BEGINNERS* GERMAN 
 
 Scdjsetjnte 2lufgabe 
 
 mttn mWv XaQ tft l^eute? 
 
 ^orgen! ^^i^^^ 'Saturn ift f)eute? 
 
 c^ 3?ncn? ^^"^^ ^f^ ^onner^tag, bcr 23, 9^oDember 1911< 
 
 SSie bcfin= ^er mict)ie(te ift i)cute? 
 
 ben ®ie M? 
 
 @<jrc(ftcn ^er breiuubstoansigfte 5^ot)ember, 
 
 ©ie beutlic^tsy^ejijien eie bag ^eutige 'Saturn nod^ etnmal! 
 
 SBeld^eg !Datum h)ar geftern? 
 
 SBeld^eg Saturn tt)irb tnorgen fein? 
 
 SSelc^cg !Datum ^aben n)ir Ifieute? 
 
 §eute l^aben mir ben breiunbsrt)an3igften 9^ob, 1911, 
 
 SBeld^c^ !I)atum l^atten mir geftem [gel)abt]? 
 
 SSeld^eg Saturn toerben mir morgen l^aben? etc. 
 
 SBann tft S^v ©eburt^tag? 
 
 SD^ein ©eburt^tag tft am jel^ntcn ^ctnuar, 
 
 Hn tDeld^etn 3;:age fiaben (Ste 36^en ©eburt^tag? 
 
 iCSann tft SSaff)tngtong ©eburt^tag? 
 
 SSann tft ^tncoto ©eburt^tag? 
 
 @cben ®te hk rtc^ttge Hntmort tn bret ©tt^en 
 (bcr, ben, am)! 
 
 SSann begtnnt ber ^tnter? 
 
 iESann begtnnt ber griibltng? ufm, 
 
 SSann tft SBetfinad^ten? 
 
 5In irelc^em 2:age tft ^^eujal^r? 
 
 9}^an miinfd^t fetnen greunben „®Iu(fIt(^e6 9^en* 
 jal^r" ober ^'iProftt ^^eujal^r" nnb „5rof)Itc5e 
 iE3etf)nac^ten»" 
 
 ilBer(5er ^ag tft bcr 9?attonaIfetertag tn Hmertfa? 
 
 SBeld^er XaQ tft ber ^^lattonalfetertag tn 3)eutfc^* 
 lanb? (©ebangtag, ber 2, @ept. (1870)), 
 
beginners' GERMAN 43 
 
 iSSann f)aben ©ie fret, ober tdann Ifiaben (Sie gerien? 
 ©eben (Sle, bitte, ba^ genaue !Datum an! 
 
 NOTE 
 
 PRETERIT PRESENT FUTURE 
 
 geftcm . ()eute morgen 
 
 tuar ift toirb ( ) fein 
 
 9JJittrt)od^, 3)onnergtag, S^^eitag, 
 
 ber 22, ^ot). 1911, ber 23. 9^ot). 1911, ber 24. 9^oD. (fein). 
 
 ©cftem ^eute TloxQtn 
 
 flatten tDir ( ) [gefiabt] f)aben mir tDerbenh)ir( )f)aben 
 
 9}?ittti30(^, !Donner^tag, S^^ttag, 
 
 ben22.9^ot).1911[gebabt]. ben23.9^ot). 1911. ben24.9^ot).(i)aben). 
 
 Where are infinitives and (perfect) past participles placed 
 in German? Illustrate. Are they inflected as verbal forms? 
 
 5teb3ctjnte 2lufgabe 
 
 SlufQc^jaftt! SS^ix tnoltcn ein neue^ ©ebid^t lemen: 
 
 ^ie Sorclct 
 
 (Sin ©ebtd^t, ha^ man ftngen fonn, l^eigt ein !2ieb. 
 
 3c^ toerbe bie erfte ©tropl^e be^ ^i^iebe^ longfant 
 
 borfpred^en, fo ha^ <Sie nxic^ berftel^en fonneri: 
 
 3c6 tceife ntc^t, \oa^ foil e^ bebenten, 
 
 !Da6 i(^ fotraurig bin; 
 
 (Sin 5[)^ar(|en an^ alten 3^tten, 
 
 ^a^ fommt mir nid^t an^ bem (Sinn, 
 
 !3)te guft ift m^I, unb e^ bunMt, 
 
 Unb mf)ig fliefet ber D^^ein; 
 
 !Der ©ipfel bee iBerge^ funfelt 
 
 3?m 5Ibenbfonnenfc^ein, 
 
44 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 SBeld^e SBorter fennen (Sie, unb h)o ftnb fie bor* 
 
 Qefommen? 
 SBeld^e iESorter fennen (Sle nid^t? 
 !Die SBorter: bebeuten, ba^ 9}?ar(^en, ru!)iG, ber 
 
 ©ipfel, ber iBerg, funfelt, 
 SBebeuten f)ei6t fo t)lel iDie: fagen, l^eifeen* 
 Man fagt: SSa^ foil ba^ bebeuten, ober iDa^ foil 
 
 ba^ l^eifeen? iCSag loollen ©ie bamit fagen? 
 ©in 5D2arc^en ift eine ©efd^ic^te, eine Segenbe, 
 D^u^ig bebeutet ftill 
 ©ie !0orelei fi^t auf einem iBerg (cf. English: 
 
 ice-berg) . 
 !Der ©ipfel bt§ ^erge^ ift: l^od^ oben auf bem 53erge» 
 ^er gufe be^ iBerge^ ift: unten am (an bem) ^erge. 
 (g^ funfelt l^eifet: e§ fd^eint, eg gli^ert, eg bli^t, 
 i£3ag ift bag ©egenteil Don: traurig? 
 SBo I)aben (Sie eg gelemt? 
 SSag fonnen ®ie filr „eg bunfelt" fagen? 
 3)er ^l^ein fliefet rul)ig. @r ift ein glufe, ein 
 
 (Btrom, 
 ^er 93^iffiffippi ift aud^ ein glufe, aber er fliefet 
 
 fc^nelL 
 S5erftel)en ^it iefet alleg? 
 ©e^en ^k bie le^ten stoei 3^^^^^ ^^^ i^orelei in 
 
 ben *!|3IuraI! 
 3e^t tDoIIen toir ba^ ^kb, bie Lorelei, ober bie erfte 
 
 ©tropl^e beg Siebeg ftngen! 
 ilBie Diele ^ieber l^aben mir fc^on augtoenbig ge* 
 
 lemt? 
 ©ingen Bk O ^annenbaum no(^ einmal! 
 
 ^iftat! S^ tDerbe 3I)nen bie erfte Gtropl^e beg neuen !Oie* 
 beg biftieren! 
 
BEGINNERS' GERMAN 45 
 
 5(ti^tunfl! $emri(^ ^eine fiat ha^ fd^one 2kb, bte Lorelei, 
 gefc^rieben ober Qebic^tet. dx i\t ber 3)i(^ter 
 be^ fd^onen ©ebtc^te^, ^einric^ §eine tDurbe 
 im 3^af)re 1797 geboren unb ift tm ^al^re 1856 
 geftorben, @r lebte alfo bon 1797 bi^ 1856 unb 
 njurbe faft 59 3af)re alt* ^ie Lorelei t[t etn§ 
 feiner fd^onften unb beften ©ebic^te. ^^ ift 
 fd^oner unb be[fer aU t)lele feiner Sieber, 
 
 gragcn unb %nttoovicn 
 
 S* ^» ^er f)at bie Lorelei gebid^tet? uftD. 
 
 NOTE 
 
 er i)at ha^ ©ebic^t gebid^tet, aber 
 er ift im ^a^vc 1856 geftorben. 
 
 What kind of verb is birf|ten? And fterfien? 
 
 Are they both transitive verbs? Note auxiliaries. 
 
 Where is the negative nicf|t placed? 
 
 ^Id^tjctjnte 2lufgabe 
 
 ©eten ®ie §eute Inerben n)ir ba^ 2kb, bie Sorelei, beenb^iL_^- 
 aufmerf= ^^^r beenbigen! 
 
 S<^ tDerbe S^ntn ba^ SD^drd^en bon ber Lorelei er- 
 
 jogen. 
 ^Beenbigen fommt i)on @nbe» 58eenbigung l^eifet 
 
 ettoa^ beenbigen, 
 (@r)sa^Ien fommt bon S^^^ (Sr^al^tung l^eigt 
 
 etrtia^ erja^Ien* 
 ^a^ ift bie SSieber^oIung? 
 
 Sttfo: ^k Lorelei ift nac^ ber l^egenbe ein fd^one^ Wixb- 
 
 d^en mit golbnem ^aar» ©ie ft^t oben auf 
 
46 
 
 BEGINNERS^ GERMAN 
 
 5fufmcrf* 
 fam fcitil 
 
 einem 33ergc am ^^dn. Untcn flicfet ber glug 
 fe^r ftarf smifd^en l^ofien gelfen (rocks). T)k 
 Sorelel f)at bli^enbe 3uh)e(en unb I)at einen gol* 
 bcnen ^amm in ber ^anb, ^omit fie i^r golb^ 
 ne§ §aar fammt, ®ie fingt ein munberDoIIe^ 
 i^ieb tnit rrtcid^tiger 5D?eIobie» (Sin (Sd^iffer in 
 feinem fleinen (Sc^iffe, in einem (Sd^iffc^en, l^ort 
 ha^ ^kb unb fieJit ju ber fc^onen Lorelei empor 
 (l^inauf), (Sr \id)t nur fie altein an, unb fo ger- 
 fc^ellt (serbrid^t) fein ^oot an bem gelfen, ©o 
 ftirbt ber (Sd^iffer in ben ilBellen be^ ^l^ein^* 
 
 !Die stceite ©tropl^e bon ^ie St>relei lautet: 
 
 !Die fd^onfte ^ungfrau fi^et 
 ^oxt oben n)unberbar, 
 3]^r QoIbneS ©efd^meibe bli^et, 
 ®ie fcimmt if)v golbene^ ^aav. 
 ©ie l^ammt e^ mit golbenem ^amme 
 Unb fingt ein 2kh babei, 
 ^a^ ^at dm munberfame, 
 ©emaltige Tldobd. 
 
 iESag fonnen ^k ftatt bte friftdnfte ^wngfrau fagen? 
 SBa^ fonnen (Sie ftatt t^r goIbne^@efrf|meibc fagen? 
 ^a^ fonnen (Sie ftatt ibli^et fagen? 
 iffia^ fonnen ©ie ftatt gchjaltige SJlelobei fagen? 
 (Singen ®ie bie ^toeite @tropf)e! 
 
 5((^tttttg ! !Die britte unb le^te (Strop!)e lautet fo: 
 
 ^en ©d^iffer im fleinen ©d^iffe 
 (Srgreift e^ mit toilbem SBel^; 
 (Sr fd^aut nid^t bie gelfenriffe, 
 Sr f(^aut nur l^inauf in bie §o§. 
 
beginners' GERMAN 47 
 
 3^ gtaube, bit SSellen berfd^Iingen 
 $(m @nbe (Sd^iffer unb ^al^n; 
 Unb ba^ ^at mtt i^rem (^ingen 
 !^ie i^orelei getan, 
 
 ^er (Sd^iffer l^at alfo (Sefinfud^t (longing). 
 
 (gr f(^aut ift fo btel mie? 
 
 5C3a^ fonnen (Sie fagen anftatt: bie ^tUtn ber* 
 
 fd^Itngen am Snbe ©c^iffer unb ^ai)n? 
 iE3e^^alb ftirbt ber ©d^iffer? 
 ©ingen (©te bie le^te (Stropf)e ber Sorclet! 
 
 Piaffe! Unfere 5lufgabe flir morgcn ift: 
 
 3)ie 2ovdd ganj augh)enbig ju lemen unb fd^reibcn 
 3U fonnen. 
 
 neun3eljnte ^lufgabe 
 
 Slt^tung! 5E3ag l^aben (©ie ba liegen? 
 3)a6 ift ein ^u^. 
 ^3ft e^ S^x S8ud&? 
 3^a, e^ ift mein ^ud^. 
 3ft e6 ein §eft? 
 
 9^ein, eg ift fein ^eft, fonbem ein 53ud^, 
 3d^ fel^e l^ier aud^ ein ^ilb, unb bort finb fed^g 
 
 genfter, 
 ^aS papier barf aber nid^t {)erumliegen! 
 
 ^crr ^A (Stel^en ©ie auf ! 
 
 (Sagen ©ie: id^ ftelfie auf. 
 (Bk finb grog, be^l^alb fage id^: ^tel^en (Ste auf! 
 3u einem ^inbe fage id&: fte^e) auf! 
 
 3u ^inbem fage id^: ftel^t auf! 
 
43 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 ^tf)mtn <Bit, bitte, 3f)r i8uc^I 
 
 3d^ net)me ntcin Sud^» 
 
 fiffncn ©ie 3^^r^uc&, ober madden (Sie 3^t ^uc^ 
 
 auf! 
 3d^ offne mem 33u(5 ober mad^e mein ^ud^ auf, 
 ©d^Iiefeen ©ie je^t 3f)r iBuc^, ober madden ®ie 3&t: 
 
 i8ud& su! 
 Q^ fd^Itefee je^t tnetn 53ud^ ober mad^e tnein ^ud^ 
 
 J^egen (Ste 3]^r 53ud^ l^tn ober loeg! 
 3^ lege metn ^ud^ f)m, 
 (Se^en ©le ftd^! (^leiben ©ie ftel^en!) 
 (Sie miiffen fagen: id^ fe^e tnid^, 
 
 !Dag toar ntd^t libel, ba^ tear gut! S^ mufe ©ic 
 loben (praise)! 
 
 3ft 3f)v m^ griin, hlau ober rot? 
 ^*' aj^ein ^ud^ tft rot, 
 
 iESelc^e^ ift bie garbe 3^re« SBud^e^? 
 ^le garbe metne^ iBud^e^ ift rot, 
 @inb t)iele (Seiten in ^l^rem ^ud^(e)? 
 3art)o{)l, in meinem ^ud^ finb oiele ©eiten, 
 3eigen (Sie mir S^v ^ud^! 
 3^ h^iQ^ S6«cn mein ^ud^, 
 
 ^xdnUin ©ie l^aben ein fd^one^ ^leib an, SSeld^e garbe l^at 
 ^^^ 3^v mdb? 
 
 ^a§ toax 3n ein paar ©tunben mug e^ beffer ge^en! 
 nic^t^! 
 
 (^§ ift nid^t toie unaufmerffam (Sie fein fonneni 
 5U glaubeti, 
 
 2(uf|jaffen! i(^ offnc mein iBud^, 
 
 f(^i)n! 
 Sraulein 
 
49 
 Seftrcr: bu offneft bein 58ud^, 
 
 Scorer utib [ er offnet fein 58ud^, 
 Piaffe: f{e offnet i^r i8u*, 
 
 I e^ offnet fein ^nc^; 
 toir offnen nnfere iBiid^er, 
 f if)r offnet eure iBltd^er, 
 I (Sie offnen Q^xt ^Bud^er, 
 fie offnen U)vt iBiic^er* 
 
 ^onjugtc^ t(^ fc^Iiefee mein genfter; 
 
 ren ®ie allc t^o^ n^ad^e mein §eft nic^t anf. 
 
 Sufammen: ^ege ic^ mein 'ipapier {)in? 
 3(^ l^abe mein ^(eib an; 
 
 ic^ fteKe mein ^ilb nic^t toeg (ftelten l^eifet tegen), 
 (Sc^reiben ®ie biefe ^onjugationen p $anfe! 
 
 ^0^ 3c^ lege je^t mein ^ud^ l^in! 
 
 cinmal! 5353^^. j^gt jefet fein iBud^ ^in? 
 
 iSSa^ legft bn je^t f)in? 
 
 SBol^in legt if)r {e^t eure ^ixd^er? 
 
 SBann legen ©ie S^vt ^iid^er {)in? 
 
 iSSie )Derben fein nnb mein, bein, fein, nnfer, cucr, 
 t^r befliniert? 
 
 SKarum nennt man fie ©in^SSorter? 
 
 SBeld^e^ finb bk (gnbungen be^ $rafen^? 
 
 NOTE 
 
 Can an adverb separate the inflected form of the predicate 
 from its subject in German? 
 Is it possible in English? 
 Illustrate your assertion. 
 
so 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 git)an3tgftc 2Iufgabe 
 
 SCufgc^iafft! SBag fe^en <Bk ba? 
 
 3ft eg eine Xa\d ober eine Stavte? 
 
 T)a^ tft eine 3:afel, feine ^arte, 
 
 ^ie 3:afel ^ti^t aud^ bie ^anbtafel, hjell fie an ber 
 
 SBanb ift 
 ^ie ^arte l^eifet aud^ bie SBanbfarte. 
 SBarunt Ifieifet fie fo? 
 
 (Stel^en ®ie auf! 
 3c^ ftel^e auf. 
 
 Sraulein 
 
 ^kffc: 
 
 ^taffe: 
 
 ^raffe! 
 SSeiter 
 fortfaftrcn! 
 
 5(ttc! 
 
 !Du fte^t auf ufh)» 
 
 @ef)en @ie fc^nell an bie ^afel! 
 
 Q6) gel^e fd^neK an bie ^afeL 
 
 !5)u 9ef)ft fd^nelt an bie ^afel ufm. 
 
 9lef)men ©ie bie ^retbe ober ein <BtM ^reibe in 
 
 bie §anb! 
 3d^ nel^me fc^nett bie ^reibe in bie $anb. 
 me ift bie treibe? 
 3ft fie iDeife ober fd^toars? 
 !^ie ^reibe ift iDeife, aber bie S^inte ift 
 
 fd^trars. 
 3ft bie ^afel toeife? 
 
 5^ein, bie 2:afel ift nic^t ioeig, fonbem fd^ioar^* 
 (Sd^reiben ©ie an bie ^afet bie ^iir! 
 3d^ fd^reibe an bie 2^afel bie $i;ur. 
 
 2)u fd^reibft ufto. 
 
 !2efen ®ie, toag an ber Xafel ftel^t! 
 SBir lefen, toaS an ber Stafel ftelfit. 
 

 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 ^egen ®ie bie ^reibe tDieber fitn! 
 ^6) lege bie ^relbe mieber f)tn. 
 
 51 
 
 maffc! bulegftufrt), 
 JBccnbigen! 
 
 f^rauteiti ®e§en ©te in 3f)re iBanf I 
 ^** 3c^ Qel^e in meine SBant 
 
 ^taffe: bu ge^t in beine ^anf, 
 
 r er gel^t in feine ^anf, 
 \ fie ge{)t in il^re ^anf, 
 i eg Gef)t in feine iBanf ; 
 
 h3ir gel^en in nnfere ^cinfe, 
 f il^r gel^t in eure ^cinfe, 
 I <Sie gel^en in S^vt iBcinfe, 
 
 fie ge^en in il^re ^(tnfe. 
 
 5((6tuttg! (Sef)en @ie bort bie ©tange? 
 
 ^ie (^tange ftel^t in einer ddt biefer ©tube. 
 SSie biele (Scfen l^at bie ©tnbe? 
 
 Sraulcin 
 
 (Se^en 8ie fid^! 
 
 ^.! 
 
 3d& fefee micS» 
 
 Sci^rcr uttb 
 
 bu fefe(cf)t m, 
 
 tkffe: 
 
 er fefet ficft, 
 
 
 fie fe^t fic^, 
 
 
 I eg fe^t fic^, 
 
 
 mir fe^en m^, 
 
 
 ' ifir fe^t cud^, 
 ®ie fe^en fi(3^, 
 
 
 
 fie feijen m* 
 
 ^crt S(*! SSie befinben ®ie fic^ l^eute, gut ober fd^Ied^t? 
 3d& befinbe mid^ tDof)t unb gut. 
 
52 
 
 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 ^laffc! 
 Scrttg 
 
 mam 
 
 SBetter! 
 
 ^crr S5.! 
 
 ©chiller: 
 
 Serttg 
 maci^en! 
 
 graulcin 
 
 Sei^rcr: 
 
 Scorer unb 
 tlaffe: 
 
 bu befinbeft bid^ uftt)» 
 
 5ii()len (Sie ftd^ ftarf ober fd^trad^? 
 
 3d^ fU^Ie mtc^ ftarf; 
 
 bu fii^Ift bld^ ftarf ufm. 
 !Da^ ift ble ^Ur. 
 :Dte Xnv ift ie^t gu, 
 
 (Stef)en <Bk auf, unb madden ®te bie ^llr auf, benn 
 
 bie Suft ift fd^Ied^t, 
 ©agen ®ie jebe^mal, it)a^ (Sie tun! 
 
 id^ ftel^e auf, 
 
 id^ gel^e an bk XiXv. 
 
 3)ie 3:ur ift jefet au; 
 
 id^ mad^e fie auf. 
 
 S^ Qtf)t (mieber) surlid^ in nteine ^anf unb f ei^e mid^» 
 
 bu ftel^ft auf ufft). 
 
 ^lopfen (Sie an bie Xiir! 
 3^ flopfe an bie ^iir. 
 
 ^ann fage id^: „§erein! 
 £)l ©ie finb eg?" 
 
 9^ef)men (Sie 3^vt geber! 9}^an fd^reibt mit (ber) 
 geber unb 2^inte. 
 
 id^ nef)me meine geber, 
 
 bu nimmft beine geber, 
 r er nimmt feine geber, 
 j fie nimmt il^re geber, 
 I eg nimmt feine geber; 
 
 lt)ir nef)men unfere %tbevn ufm. 
 2Bo l^aben tr)ir ntmm gel^abt? 
 
BEGINNERS GERMAN 53 
 
 Setter: ©prec^en ®ie ^eutfc^? 
 
 ^taffc unb ic^ fpred^e ^eutfd^, 
 Scorer: 5^ fpri^ft 3)eutf(^, 
 
 er fprid^t !Deutfd^ ufm. 
 
 Note the change of root-vowel e into i (te) in the second and third 
 singular present. 
 
 ^onjugic^ i(^ gebe il^m meiti 58ud^, bu Qtbft ♦ ♦ . 
 rcn etc: [^ jefe meine ©efd^id^te, bu lieft . . . 
 
 tc5 felfie mein ^ilb, bu ficl^ft . ♦ ♦ 
 
 (Sie miiffen alle^ milublic^ uub fd^riftUd^ madden! 
 
 €tnunb3rt)an3tgftc 2lufgabe 
 
 Stufgc^jafet! !Da6 tft ber Zi\i^. 
 3)ag ift eiu 3:ifd^. 
 (gg ift mein 2:if(^. 
 3ft e^ ein ©d^rauf ? 
 
 ^yietu, e^ ift feiu (Bc^ranf, fonbem ein ^ifd§. 
 mt ift bie gorm be^ 5tifc^eg? 
 3ft er runb ober edig? 
 3)ie gomt be^ 3:ifd^e^ ift edig, - 
 3d^ fi^e an bem ^if(§ unb auf bem ©tul^L 
 i£3o fi^e ic^? 
 
 ©ie ft^en an bem ^ifd^ unb auf bem (Stulfil. 
 2Bof)in fe^e id^ mid^ je^t? 
 'Bit fe^en fid^ je^t an ben 2:ifd^ unb auf ben ©tul^t, 
 
 5(ttf))affen! ^a^ ift ber ^leiftift! 
 
 i£3a^ ift bie garbe meine^ iBIeiftift^? 
 ©run, blau, rot, gelb? 
 <Sd§n)ars, tneife, braun ober gran? 
 iffio liegt mein iBIeiftift? 
 
S4 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 35r iBIeifttft liegt auf bem Zi\ii). 
 
 iESol^in lege idfi meinen ^(eiftift? 
 
 (©ie legen 3^ren ^leiftift auf ben Xi\^* 
 
 3ft biefer ^leiftlft nxetnct ober ber feme ober ber 
 
 !Diefer ^leiftift ift ber meine unb nlc^t ^l^rer. 
 
 NOTE 
 
 What is the difference between the possessive adjectives 
 and the possessive pronouns? 
 
 ^affen @ie ^er Xi\<i) ift l)oc^, aber ber ^Btubil tft ntebrig* 
 <^"f* 2)er Zi\(^ ift nal)e bei mir, aber ber ©c^ranf tft 
 
 fern (h)eit ah) Don nxir, 
 3ft ber ed^liiffel im ©d^ranf? 
 (Sel^en @ie l^ier ben SBifd^er nnb bort ben ^orb? 
 SD^it bem SBifd^er tDifd^en tdiv bie ^tafel ab, 
 Sin folc^er ^orb lieifet aud^ ein ^apierforb, tddl e§ 
 ein ^orb fur bag papier ift, 
 
 Xragen (Sie ben fd^hjeren ^orb t)or ben ©c^ranf! 
 
 i(^ trage ben ^orb bor ben ©d^ranf, 
 bu tragft ben ^orb Dor btn ©d^ranf, 
 er (fie, eg) tragt ben ^orb bor ben ©d^ranf; 
 ioir tragen bie ^orbe Dor bie (Sc^rftnfe, 
 il^r tragt bie ^orbe Dor bie ^Sc^rdnfe, 
 (Sie tragen bie ^orbe Dor bk ^^vixntc, 
 fie tragen bie ^orbe Dor bie ©c^rftnfe, 
 
 moxmn ^o fte^t ber ^orb jefet? 
 
 !Der ^orb ftef)t je^t Dor bem (Sd^ranf, 
 fatten Bit ben ^orb l)inter ben <Btnf)U 
 3^ fjalte ben ^orb l^inter ben (Btu% 
 
 3tt cinem 
 8rf|uler: 
 
 Scorer unb 
 tiaffe: 
 
beginners' GERMAN 55 
 
 SScitcr, bu l^attft ben ^orb f)mUv ben ©tul^I, 
 |^?ff^^ er (fte, e^) ^alt htn ^oth (ilnter ben ©tnf)!; 
 Ux^mlicn^ toir fallen bie ^orbe f)inter bie ©tilfire ufm» 
 * SSo ift ber ^orb jefet? 
 3efet tft ber ^orb l^inter bent ©tnl^L 
 ®e]()en (Sie mteber auf ^l^ren "ipia^! 
 3^ gel^e tDieber auf ntelnen *i(3la^» 
 Slttc, hjcttcr! bu gel^ft mieber auf beinen ^lal^, 
 ( er gel^t tDieber auf feinen ^lai^, 
 I fie gel^t tuieber auf if)ren 'ipia^, 
 I e^ 9ef)t iDieber auf feinen ^la\^; 
 h)ir Qti)tn tcieber auf unfere *ipia^c uftt)» 
 ©e^en ©ie fid^ auf ^fjxtn ^lai^l 
 3^ fe^e mic^ auf nteinen ^la^, 
 
 ^(affc! bu fefe(ef)t bid^ auf beinen ^la^ uftt), 
 
 t^ertig 
 
 mac^cn! ^o^^. 
 
 Which two verbal forms may be used as imperatives? 
 Observe the change of root-vowel o into S in the second and third 
 singular present. 
 
 ^oniugic* id^ loafc^e mir ha^ $aar (bie $aare), 
 rcn Sic: ^^ h)af(f)(ef)t bir ba^ ^aar, 
 
 r er mafc^t fi(^ ba^ §aar, 
 I fie inafc^t fic^ ba^ §aar, 
 I eg iDcifd^t fic^ ba^ §aar; 
 tdiv n)af(^en un^ bie §aare (bag §aar), 
 f if)r n)af(^t eud^ bie §aare, 
 \ (Sie toafdien fid^ bie §aare, 
 fie tDafd^en fid^ bie §aare» 
 ^onjugicrcn Sie in berfelben SBeife mllnbli^ unb fd^riftUd^: 
 id^ mafd^e mir ben ^opf ufm, 
 id^ fd^Iafe gut in nteinem ^ett ufiD* 
 
56 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 ©rgfifiten (Bit erft, unb bann fc^relbcn ©ic, h)a« 
 
 <Bk am Xaqt tun! 
 SESann \k\)tn <Bk auf, tDafd^en (Sie ftd^, effen ©ic, 
 
 gel^en (Sic in bie ©d^ule, fommen (Sie nad^ 
 
 ^aufe, arbeiten unb fpielen (Sie, gef)cn ©ie p 
 
 SBett? 
 iSBann Qel^cn (Sic in btc ^irc^e? 
 SBa^ tnn (Sie, urn ha^ '^apkv anfpl^ebcn? 
 
 3(^ ftel^c auf, id^ trete aug ber ^anf, ic^ berlaffe 
 meinen "^lal^, ifi) biicfe ntid^, ic^ l^ebe ba^ papier 
 auf* 3c& rid^te mid^ auf, id^ gel^e auf meinen 
 *il3Ia^, id^ trete in bie ^anf, id^ fe^e mid^» 
 
 ^oniugicrcn <Bxt bie^ ju (Snbe milnblid^ unb fd^riftlid^! 
 
 NOTE 
 
 What is the only true reflexive pronoun? 
 
 With what person is it used? 
 
 Is it declinable? 
 
 Are t§ and ha§ variable as indefinite subjects? 
 
 Can you now decline the personal pronouns? 
 
 Singular 
 
 ist Person 
 
 2d Person 
 
 3d Person 
 
 
 
 MASCXJLINE 
 
 FEMININE 
 
 NEUTER 
 
 Norn. ic§ 
 
 bu er 
 
 fie 
 
 eg 
 
 Gen. meiner 
 
 beiner feiner 
 
 if)rer 
 
 feiner 
 
 Dat. mir 
 
 bir i^m 
 
 ii)V 
 
 ii)m 
 
 Ace. mid^ 
 
 bid^ il^n 
 Plural 
 
 fie 
 
 eg 
 
 Nom. h)ir 
 
 x^x (eie) 
 
 fie 
 
 
 Gen. unfer 
 
 euer (^^rer) 
 
 il^rer 
 
 
 Dat. un^ 
 
 eu(^ (3^nen) 
 
 tl)nen 
 
 
 Ace. un§ 
 
 eud^ (®ie) 
 
 fie 
 
 
beginners' GERMAN 57 
 
 gtpeiunbjtpanjigfte 2lufgabe 
 
 ©inb atte ba,ober felfilt j[emanb? 
 
 Hber toer meife, tok an\ englifd^ l^etfet: SSa^ fel^It 3f)nen? 
 
 Uberfe^en ©te blefe grage in^ (Sngltfd^e, 
 
 Unfcr Sc^ulsimmcr 
 
 Unfcr <5c^ulstmmer befmbet fic^ im ©d^ull^aug* (g^ f)at 
 ijtcr SBanbe, einen gupoben unb eine !^ecfe. ^er gufeboben 
 ift unter un^, bie ^edfe liber un^» 2ln ben ilSanbett beftnben 
 ftc§ bie 2:afeln, bie be^f)alb au(§ SBanbtafeIn fieifeen. 5In ben 
 iBanben Wngen au(^ ^ilber. 5Sor ber Piaffe fte^t bag ^ult 
 be6 )i?e]^rerg» ^a^ ©(^ulsimmer Ifiat eine ^iir unb fUnf gen* 
 fter. ^n ber linfen ©eite finb bie genfter, an ber red^ten ift 
 bie XViv. ^ie ^iir fuf)rt auf ben ©ang, ^a^ Sid^t fommt in 
 bag 3tnxmer t)on linfg, nic^t bon rec^tg» SBir fel^en ben 
 §immel unb bie SSoIfen burc^ bie genfter, Unfer ©c^ulsint* 
 mer ift t)ierecfig, 
 
 i£3ag flir (Sadden ober ©egenftftnbe fel^en toir in 
 
 unferm (Sdfiulsimmer? 
 3^tf(§en toelc^en ^i^^^nt ift unfer (Sd^u(== 
 
 gimmer? 
 9^eben melc^em 3^^^^^ tft unfer Sc^ulsimmer? 
 3ft bie 3)e(Je oben ober unten? 
 SBo ift ber gupoben? 
 SBarunt finb bie genfter auf ber linfen ©eite ber 
 
 ©c^ulftube? 
 Tlan fann beffer lefen, tnenn ha^ !2i(^t t)on linfg 
 
 fommt, 
 (gg ift beffer fitr bie lugen. 
 
5^ beginners' GERMAN 
 
 SKag fel^en tnir burd^ bie genfter? 
 
 3Bte fonnen irir ftatt unfcr ©djulstmmcr fagcn? 
 
 ilBa^ fiir ein dimmer ift ein 8d)ulsimmer? 
 
 (gin ©d^ulsimmer ift ein ^ii^^er in bcr ©d^ule 
 
 filr bie (Sd^iiler, 
 ©el^en ^k ie^t in bie ©d^ule? 
 3ah)of)I, i(^ 9ef)e je^t in bk @d^ule» 
 iESa^ filr ein SBoben ift ein gupoben? 
 (gin gufeboben ift ber ^oben nnter ben giifeen, 
 SSag fiir ein I^orb ift ber ^apierforb? 
 SBag fiir ein Xu<^ ift ba^ 2:afd^entud^? 
 giir bie (SW) ^ofe lE)aben ®ie ein 2:af(^entud§ in 
 
 ber ^afd^e. 
 ^a^ fiir eine ^afel ift bk Sanbtofel? 
 ^k iffianbtafel ift eine ^afel an ber SBanb* 
 SSa^ fiir eine U^r ift bk iCSanbu^r? 
 SS^o ift bie ^laffenn^r? 
 
 ma^ fiir ein m^ ift ba^ ^opfirel^? So.^nm'^? 
 iESag fiir ein md) ift ba^ ^ilberbud^? 
 (S« ift ein «ud^ mit iBilbem, 
 SKa^ fiir eine ^eit ift bie ©ommerseit? •" 
 !Die (Sommergeit ift bk ^eit be^ ©ontmer^. 
 5Bag fiir eine 3eit ift bk ilSinterseit? ^erbftaeit? 
 
 grii^Iing^Seit? 
 SKo l^aben tdiv ©ommersett gelfiabt? 
 iffia^ fiir ein ^itnmer ift ein iBabe jimnter? 
 (gin ^abegimmer ift ein ^intmer sum-^aben,"^ 
 SSa^ fiir ein ^itnmer ift ein SBol^ngimmer? '^ 
 (®ie iDo^nen in Q^vtm ^aufe.) 
 iSBa^ filr ein ^iinnter ift benn ein ^fegimmer? 
 SBo finb @ie je^t? 
 3?d^ bin je^t in meinem ©c^ulaimmer* 
 
59 
 
 ^onjugtc^ !Du btft je^t in beinem ©c^ulalmtner uftD, 
 
 ten @ie ba^ (g^^^^^ (gle ^^^ ^Befdjreibung unfere^ ©(^ulsim- 
 
 S^reiBcn ^^^^ ^" ^^^ plural! 
 @ie bie (Srft miinbltd^, bann fcfiriftlid^! 
 ^otijuga* iBefc^reiben (5te gi^r (Sc^ulstmrtter, ober geben (Ste 
 ^^^'^ * un^ elne iBef d^relbung bon S^rem ©c^ulsimmer ; 
 
 Don 3]^rem i3Bof)natmmer; 
 
 t)on 3^rent ^abeslmmer! 
 S^atitrlid^ immer miinblid^ unb fd^riftlic^! 
 
 NOTE 
 What can you say of compound nouns? 
 
 E.g. 
 
 Which factor (component) determines their gender and 
 their declension? 
 
 Which component has the accent? 
 
 How does the first component affect the meaning of the 
 compound noun? 
 
 When do the prepositions 
 
 an, auf, Winter, ncbcn, in, 
 iiber, unter, t)or unb shJifcftcn 
 
 take the Dative? Do you ask where or whereto? 
 When do these prepositions take the Accusative? 
 $ISie fragen (Sic: SKo ober n»of)in? Illustrate. 
 
 From now on encourage the students to ask questions on 
 the reading texts, so as to stimulate their natural interest 
 and curiosity and to develop their power of expression. 
 
6o 
 
 Dreiunb3U)an3tgfte Jlufgabe 
 
 3n unferer Piaffe ftnb je^t noc^ 16 (Sc^iiler, b. 1^, ^naben 
 ober 3ungen, unb 28 ©c^iilerinnen, b. 1^, 'iffliib^tn, alfo gu- 
 fammen 44 ©d^iiler, SBir flatten suerft 49 (Sd^liler unb 
 ©d^iilerlnnen, iESir fi^en auf ^cinfen, metften^ siDei auf elner 
 ^anf* SBir §aben t)iele ^ild^er ttov un^, ober fein ^ud^ tft 
 offen, h)eil iDir gang aufmerffam ftnb, ^le ^ef)rerin ober 
 eine ?e§rerln leJirt un6 jefet ^eutfc^, SSir (©driller unb ©d^ii* 
 lerinnen lernen je^t ^eutfd^ in ber ^d)ult. 3Sor sh)et ^cil^ren 
 l^atten mtr nod^ fein !Deutfd^. ilKir lernen !Deutfd^ tierftel^en, 
 fpred^en, fd^reiben unb aud^ lefen, tda^ bie ^auptfad^e ift. iEBir 
 fonnen aud§ beutfd^ gctlfilen, red^nen unb fingen, iCSir fd^reiben 
 getDofinlid^ ntit ^leiftift, aber ntand^ntal aud& mit geber unb 
 XinU* %m <©onnabenb unb ©onntag l^aben n)ir intmer 
 fret» 
 
 ©agen ®ie, tt)ie Diele ©driller unb ©d^ltlerinnen in 
 ^l^rer eignen Piaffe finb! 
 
 $aben (Sie einen beutfd^en Sefirer ober eine beutfd^e 
 !2e]f)rerin? 
 
 SBann Ifiatten (Sie nod^ fein ^eutfd^? 
 
 58or einem 3af)re l^attc id^ nod& fein !Deutfd^» 
 
 Secret unb '^u Ifiatteft t)or einent Saf)vt nod^ fein 3)eutfd§, 
 Piaffe: ^^ (f|e, e^) l^atte dor einem 3af)re nod^ fein 
 
 ^DeutfdEi; 
 toir l^atten Dor einem ^al^re nod^ fein ^eutfd^, 
 J il^r ^atttt Dor einem ^cil^re nod^ fein ^eutfd^, 
 I ®ie l^attcn bor einem 3cii)vt noc^ fein ^eutfd^, 
 fie l^attcn Oor einem ^al^re nod^ fein !Deutfd^, 
 
beginners' GERMAN 6 1 
 
 ^onjugic' 3^ lemte t)or einem Qa^vt nod^ fetn !Deutfd^ ufm.; 
 ren ©ic [^ ^attt mein iBud^ bet mir, 
 
 td^ mad^te bie erfte 5lufgabe, 
 
 bu ntac^teft bie gmeite 5Iufgabe ufm« 
 
 Conjugate similarly in full sentences : 
 
 legen, ftellen, geigen, lefiren, fagen, iaf)lmr red^nen, 
 offnen, 
 
 NOTE 
 What are the endings in the preterit? 
 SSa^ Ief)rt <Bk ber englifd^c l^el^rer? 
 SSag Ie{)rt ©te ber fransofifd^e !2ef)rer? 
 SSag Ie()rt ©ie ber grtcc^ifc^e l^el^rer? 
 SSag Ie{)rt @te ber lateinifd^e 2ti)Xtv? 
 
 SSie t)lele ©chiller unb ©d^illerinnen ftnb in ^tittt englifd^en 
 Piaffe? ufh). 
 3n ^eutfd^lanb h)of)nen !Deut[d^e, bie ^eutfd^ fpred^en. 
 3ti (Snglanb n)ol)nen ^nglanber, bie (Snglifd^ [prec^en. 
 3n granfreid^ h)ot)nen grangofen, bie grangofifd^ fpred^en, 
 3n 5Imerifa h)o]^Tien ^merifaner, bie — fpred^en. 
 Change the last four sentences into the singular! 
 
 E.g. 
 
 3n !Deutfd^Ianb loofint ber ^eutfd^e, ber ^eutfd^ fprid^t ufh3. 
 
 What is the force of the adjective-ending -iW? 
 
62 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 Oierunb3U)an3tgfte 2lufgabe 
 
 Unfer ©rfjutl^au^ 
 
 "Unfer ^laffensiminer liegt in bent 'Bd)ulf}au^. Unfer ©d^ul= 
 f)au^ l^at tjiele (Sc^ulsimmer, SKenn toiv au^ unferenx (B(^uU 
 simmer 9ef)en, fommen n)ir auf ben ®ang ober ginr* Unfer 
 ®ang ift lang unb breit, nid^t furs ^^^ fc^maL 3^t)If ©d^ul^ 
 simmer liegen an unferem ©ange, ^nd^ iiber unb unter ung 
 liegen nod^ biete (Sd^ulftuben* Dl^ne biefe ^iitUn h)ir nid^t 
 genug $la^ fiir unfere ©d^ulfinber. Unfer ®d^ulf)au^ !)at 
 filnf (Stodfmerfe ober ©efd^offe, ^enn iDir burd^ bie ^au^tilr 
 in ba^ ©d^ull^au^ treten, fo fommen tviv in ha^ (Srbgefd^ofe. 
 SESenn toir eine 3:reppe f)od^ fteigen, fo fommen toir in ben erften 
 (Stodf* SSir finb sn)ei 3;:reppen l^od^, alfo im jlDeiten (Stodf* 
 3ebe^ (Stodftoerf f)at mel^rere ^laffenjimmer. ©ine ^reppe 
 fiif)rt Don einem ©efd^ofe in ba^ anbere. 5^ief unten ift ber 
 teller mit ^ol^Ien, §oIs unb anberen @ad^en, ^od& oben ift 
 ber 58oben, liber bem fid^ ba^ '^a<^ befinbet* ^a^ !Dad^ ift 
 ber oberfte 2:eil be^ §aufe^» @^ l^at eine braune garbe* 
 
 58efd^reiben (Bk Sftr ®d^ulf)au6! 
 SSie biele ©d^ulsimmer Ifiat e^? 
 SSSie biele (Stodfmerfe? 
 ilBeld^e garbe? 
 3eigen (Sie mir ben ®ang! 
 
 ©(filler: id^ s^tge ^l^nen (bir) ben ®ang» 3d^ geigte ben 
 @ang. 
 
 Scorer: bu seigteft mir ben ®ang, 
 
 er seigte il^m ben @ang, 
 fie seigte ii)v ben ©ang; 
 toir seigten eud^ bie ©dnge, 
 
beginners' GERMAN 
 
 63 
 
 xi)v setgtet un^ bie ©cinge, 
 
 fie geigten i^nen bie ©ange. 
 
 33erit)anbeln (Sie biefe (Bixi^t, tnilnbtid^ unb fd^rift^* 
 
 1x6), in ben ^ipiural be^ ^mperfeft^ (preterit) : 
 3ebeg ©todtrerf f)at tne^rere ^laffengimmer. 
 (Sine 3:reppe fiil^rt t)on einem ©efd^ofe nad& bem 
 
 anberen. — 
 3Ba^ milffen ®ie tun, urn biefen ^rief fiir mic& 
 
 bem ^errn ^ireftor (Principal) au iiber^ 
 
 bringen? 3^ ftel^e auf, 
 ic^ Derlaffe meinen ^la^, 
 td^ gel^e an ba^ Sel^rerpult, 
 Ic^ nel^me ben ^rief, 
 id^ ge^e an bie ^iir, 
 i(^ ()ffne bie 3;;ur, 
 t(^ fc^Iiefee fie, 
 
 i(^ gel)e burc^ ben ®ang be^ oberen ®to(fe6, 
 id^ gef)e bie Xreppe f)innnter, 
 td^ menbe mid^ nad^ red^t^, 
 td& bleibe bor bem ^ireftor^immer ftel^en, 
 id^ flopfe an. — 
 @in ©driller h)irb gum ^ireftor emannt: 
 
 ^ireltor: 
 
 herein! 
 
 ©c^iilcr: 
 
 ©uten 3:ag, §err ^ireftor! 
 
 ^trcftor: 
 
 SKa^ molten @ie? 
 
 ©driller: 
 
 3?d^ bitte um ^Sergeil^ung. 
 
 3^ bringe 3f)nen biefen ^rief t)on §erm 3^. 
 
 ^ireftot: 
 
 3n tceldier l^laffe ift ^err 36. je^t? 
 
 ©filter: 
 
 (Ex ift in feinem Btmmer. 
 
 ^ttcltor: 
 
 ©rufeen (Sie i!)n bon mir! 
 
64 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 (B^uUt: S^ banfe fel^r, Hblcu, $err ^ireftor! 
 
 Describe similarly the pupil's return to class 
 with final dialogue between the teacher 
 and the pupil. 
 
 NOTE 
 
 Which case do the following prepositions always take: 
 
 burc^, fitr, ol^ne, 
 gegen, urn? 
 
 Form sentences for each preposition to illustrate its use. 
 
 E.g. 
 
 ^d) l^olte Tuein ^u^ fiir i^n; 
 toix ()oIten unfere i8ild^er fiir fie. 
 
 SBcnn td^ if)n fd^trfc (fenbc), um nxtr nxein ^ud^ gu bringen, bann 
 Ijiolt er mein ^ud^. 
 SBo fiaben h)ir ohm gelemt? 
 ^onjugicrcn ©ie milnblid^ unb fd^riftlid^: 
 
 id^ t)abt ha^ SBort Qelemt, 
 bu {)aft ha^ SSort gelemt, 
 er (fie, eg) {)at bag SSort gelemt; 
 h)ir fiaben bie SBorter gelemt ufh3. 
 
 id^ f)atte bag SSort getemt, 
 
 bu l^atteft ba^ SSort gelemt, 
 
 er (fie, eg) f)atte bag Sort gelemt ufto. 
 
65 
 
 Unfcrc ®rf|ulc 
 
 Unfere (Sd^ule liegt an ber ^auptftrafee itnb l^ctgt Washing- 
 ton High School. @ie i\t nad^ bent 33ater unfereS !Oanbeg be- 
 nannt, <Sie ift tm 3af)re 1895 erbant, fo bafe fie al[o fc^on 16 
 Sa^xt \k% @ie ^at jefet 29 ^Iaf[en nnb aa^lt ttm 1050 
 ©c^iiler nnb <Sc^nIerinnen, 5In tl^r unterrid^ten aufeer bem 
 !Direftor nod^ 18 2t^xcv nnb 24 :2ef)rerinnen, 3)te 8d^nle ift 
 gegen 100 gnfe lang. 53or ber ©d^nle ift ein fd^oner grliner 
 ^^afenpla^. Winter ber (Bd^nle beftnben fid^ gmei (Sd^nlf)ofe 
 ober ©pielptcii^e* !Der eine ift filr bie SD^abd^en, ber anbere fiir 
 bie ^naben* (ginige iBaunte nnb ^flan^en, bie tinmen tragen, 
 jieren ben ^of* 
 
 ^efd^reiben ©ie S^re (Sd^nle! 
 
 SBo liegt 3&re ©d^nle? 
 
 SBa^ ift ber ^ame nnb ba^ Hlter 3§rer (gd^nle? 
 
 3Bie ftarf ift bie ©d^iiler^^ nnb bie 2ti)vcviaf)l? 
 
 SSie lang ift 3^re (Sd^nle? 
 
 ^a^ befinbet fid§ nnx S^vt (Sd^nle? 
 
 2Bo l^aben n)ir Soum gelemt? 
 
 Unfere ©d^nle ift nid^t flein, (Bit ift nid^t fo grofe 
 
 hjtc Diele anbere ©d^nlen, 
 Unfere ©c^nle ift iDol^I fleiner al;^ mand^e (Sd^ulen; 
 
 fie ift aber nid^t bie fleinfte ©d&nle in ber 
 
 @tabt» 
 
 NOTE 
 
 How are the comparative and superlative formed in Eng- 
 lish? And how in German? 
 
 Illustrate the comparison by using in sentences: 
 
66 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 h)artn 
 
 retd^ 
 
 fc^on 
 
 Mt 
 
 (tntt 
 
 mii^ 
 
 fteifeifi 
 
 lana 
 
 aufmerffam 
 
 faut 
 
 furg 
 
 unaufmerffam 
 
 ^ie XaQc im Tlai ftnb oft marm, 
 ^ic jtage im 3uni finb njftrmcr, 
 ^le Xa^t im 3uli finb bie tnarmftcn. 
 
 Obcr: 
 
 !Dic jDame h)ar fo rci(^ gefleibet tuie biete ^amen. 
 3cne ^ame toar rctcf)cr aU biefe gefleibet, 
 ^cne 2)ame tear am rcirfiften geHeibet, 
 
 Is there any difference between the adjective and the ad- 
 verb in the positive and comparative degrees? 
 What is the difference in the superlative? 
 When is text used, and where is ai§ used? 
 
 E.g. 
 
 (gr tft fo gtoft tote td^; aber 
 
 (Sr ift griiftcr al)^ id^. Give further examples. 
 
 5ed?5unb5rt)an3igfte 2lufgabe 
 
 a^ei xm 
 
 SSer l^ungrig ift, alfo hunger l^at, igt. (g^ l^ungert il^n* 
 mtv burftig ift, alfo ^urft f)at, trinft* ©g bilrftet t^n. 2Bir 
 cffen bie (Suppe mit einem ^offeL . 
 
 3)a^ Sleifc^ jerfc^neibet man mit bem 932effer unb tfet e^ mit 
 ber &ahtL ^Den ^affee trinft man au^ einer 2:affe, b, 1^. man 
 trinft eine ^affe ^affee. ^a^ Staffer unb bie 5D^iIc^ trinfen mir 
 au^ einem ®(afe, b. ^. iDir trinfen ein @(a6 SSaffer ober 9}?i(c&, 
 
beginners' GERMAN 67 
 
 ©a^ ^ienftrttabc^en fommt au^ ber ^iid^e unb becft ben 
 ^ifc^ tntt einem Xii^tud)* ^ann fteKt e^ bte Shelter auf ben 
 Xi\(^. 9^ac^ bent (Sffen blelbt man bei gemiitlid^er Unterfial' 
 tung noc^ tttda^ ft^en. 
 
 !Der !Dentf(^e fagt: „$unger tft ber befte ^o^" 
 
 ^arum fagt er'ba^? 
 
 i£3oniit e[fen tnir? 
 
 SBorau6 trinfen iDir? 
 
 SSorauf fterrt bag SO^cibd^en bie better? 
 
 ©tellen @le gragen iiber bie ®egen[tanbe anf bent 
 
 ©d^reiben 6te barliber! 
 
 SBag ift ber Unterfc^ieb atuifc^en elnent (^M iE3af^ 
 
 fer unb einem SSaffergla^? 
 @in (^M SBaffer ift ein ®Ia§ boE ilSaffer, aber 
 
 ein SSafferglag ift ein ®Ia« filr Staffer (pm 
 
 SBaffertrinfen). 
 iESag ift ber Unterfc^ieb 3n)if(^en: 
 ®te Mld^ unb gjJild&gto? 
 5taffe ^affee unb ^affeetaffe? 
 J^offel (Suppe unb ©uppenloffel? 
 
 ^ottjugtcs id^ effe gleifc^ gem, 
 ren Sic: 5^ |^t gleifc^ gem ufit). 
 
 Substitute pronouns for nouns in the following sentences. 
 
 E.g. 
 
 2Sir effen bie ©uppe mit einem ^offet, becomes: 
 
 SSir effen fie bamit. 
 
 Tlan gerf(5neibet ba^ Rletfc^ mit bem 90?effer, becomes what? 
 
 9}?an ifet bag S^^if^^ ^it ber ®abel, becomes what? 
 
 Tlan trinft ben ^affee aug einer 2:affe, becomes: 
 
 9}Jan trinft 'ii)n baraug. 
 
68 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 2Ba§ h)irb au«: 
 SSir trinfen ba« SSaffer aug einem ®Iafe? 
 SSir trinfen bie SD^iI(5 au§ einem ®Iafe? 
 !5)a« ©ienftmabd^en bedft ben 3:i[(^ mit einem Xm^? 
 ^a« ©ienftmabd^en ftetlt bie Speller auf ben Xi\(^, becomes: 
 ^^ ober fie fteltt fie barauf. 
 
 NOTE 
 
 Are the indefinite pronouns man, etftja^, nic^t^, ein paar in- 
 declinable? 
 
 Of what gender are infinitives used as nouns? 
 
 What is the agreement of personal pronouns in the third 
 person with nouns to which they refer? 
 
 When are the so-called adverbial compounds used (ba +, 
 n)0+)? 
 
 Do they refer to things or to persons? 
 
 Do these compound expressions exist in English? 
 
 Illustrate. 
 
 Semen ©ie 36, h)a§ gar ift (gefod^t), 
 au^wcnbig: ^^-t^f^ ^^^ ^^r ift, 
 
 ©prid^, tna^ mal^r ift! — 
 ^ag finb bie ©egenteile bon gar, fiav, Xoa^x? — 
 Sviv ^Beil^nad^t^jeit unb befonber^ am SBeil^nad^t^* 
 abenb fingen bie ^eutfc^en ein fc^one^ Sieb* 
 3(^ merbe S^ntn mix bie erfte @trop!)e bat)on 
 gebcn, $man fie^t eg oft aU 3SoIMieb an: 
 
 etiEe 9^ad&t, Ifieilige 9^a(^t! 
 5lIIe6 fd&Iaft, einfam toac^t 
 9^r ha^ traute, ]^0(^{)eili8e ^aar. 
 $oIber ^nabe im lodigen ^aar, 
 (Sc^laf in {)immlifc§er diui), 
 <Bd)la\ in {)immlif(^er dlui)l 
 
beginners' GERMAN 69 
 
 iSStr iDoKen ba^ 2kb au^lDenbig lernen unb ami) 
 
 ftngen! 
 flberfe^en (Sie bag ^teb! 
 
 NOTE 
 
 ber ^nabe bic 9^a($t ba^ §aar 
 
 l^olber ^nabe ftlKc ^^lac^t lodigo^ §aar 
 
 bie dtn^t 
 
 How is an adjective declined when it takes the place of 
 the definite article? 
 
 What are the various endings for the singular and plural? 
 Decline the above in full. 
 
 This adjective declension is called the strong declension. 
 Why? 
 
 Give the principal parts as indicated on page 37, last two lines. 
 
 Stebenunb3U)an3tgfte Ztufgabe 
 
 3^ toerbc ^l^nen etne ©efc^ic^te ersctfiten mit bem ZM: 
 ^(a^regctt 
 
 3n ber ©(^ulftube tdax e^ in ber le^ten (Stunbe fel^r bunfel. 
 ^er ^tmmel fal^ burc^ bie genfter tnie eine fc^trarsgraue SSanb. 
 ^aum tioavm mir au^ ber (^c^ule, fo liefen tnlr auf bie ©trafee, 
 benn un[er Se!)rer f)atte Qefagt: „9D^ac^t, bafe xi)v nad^ §aufe 
 fommt!" 5lber ba mitten im Saufen ilber ben ^avft hdam 
 x6) s^ei bide D^egentropfen gerabe auf bie 9^afe! ^c^ mnfete 
 laut lac^en. SIber ha^ rt)aren nur bie erften 3:ropfen getrefen. 
 *iI3Id^lt(^ ftel eine 3[)?encje, aEe grofe unb hid unb toarm iiber 
 meinen ^opf, meine Hrme, meine ^letber. Wt 2tuk began^ 
 nen ^u laufen, unb ic^ Uef mit. 3)er ^egen fam in ©tromen, 
 
70 
 
 unb [^ faf) felnen ^lai^, tt)o ic& -mic^ unterftettcn fonnte* "ipio^s 
 
 lid^ fam em f)eller, gelber ®onnenftra{)l jmifd^en ben fd^tDarjen 
 
 SSolfen Ifierbor, fc^aute Uber ble naffe (Strafee unb — lad^te ble 
 
 naffen !Beute au^. 
 
 9^ad^3Ife firepan. 
 
 Stagen 
 
 ^unfette eg in bent (Sd^ulsintnter, ober toar eg 
 
 iE5ie faf) ber ^tmntel aug? 
 
 ©ingen bie ^tnber. langfanx aug ber (Sc^ulc/ ober 
 
 rannten fte auf bie (Strafee? 
 SESarum lief en fie? 
 SSag filr D^egentropfen befant ber (Sc^liler auf bie 
 
 5^afe? 
 5£Bar ber ^^egen fd^mad^ ober ftarf ? SBie ftarf ? 
 SSo n)urbe ber ©d^liler benn nafe? 
 SKag fam aber auf einmal aug ben iEBoIfen? 
 Unb mag gefd^alf) bann? 
 iESar bie (Strafee nafe ober trodfen? 
 
 SSieberl^oIen (Sie bie ©efd^id^te mlinblid^! 
 SJ^ad^en (Sie je^t Q^vt ^Ud^er auf, unb lefen ®ic 
 bie ©efd^id^tel 
 
 Sllaffe: ^ir madden unfere ^Ixd^er auf unb lefen bie ®e^ 
 fd^id^te* 
 ©d^reiben (Sie nun bie (Srsftl^Iung an bie ^afel! 
 3Serbeffem (Sie bag Hngefd^riebene! (5lugn)ifd^en!) 
 ^el^t toerbe id^ ^l^nen bie gauge ©efd^id^te biftieren! 
 
 NOTE 
 
 Change the tenses throughout the story into the present. 
 Do you see any difference between the preterits? 
 
BEGINNERS' GERMAN 7 1 
 
 e6 h3ar er \ai) id) lief ic^ !am 
 
 and 
 
 e6 ^attt er lernte ic^ aeigtc \^ lad^te? 
 
 Do the latter have a tense-ending? 
 
 And the former? 
 
 3c^ M is said to be a 5/ro«g verb, 
 
 id^ lernte is said to be a weak verb. Why? 
 
 Are the so-called regular verbs weak? 
 
 And the so-called irregular verbs strong? 
 
 Are the verbs that modify the stem-vowel a into & and e 
 into i(te) in the second and third singular present, strong or 
 weak verbs? 
 
 Is there any similarity between English and German as to 
 the conjugation of verbs? 
 
 We conjugate: 
 
 i(5 mar in meiner ©(5nle, n)ir hjaren in unferen ©cjuten, 
 
 tf)r ttjatt in euren <Bd)ukn, 
 
 bu ttiarft in beiner ©(^ule, 
 
 ©ie njarcn in 3f)ren @(5ulen, 
 
 fer hjar in [einer ©d^ule, 
 fie toar in i^rer (Sc^ute, fie toarcn in if)ren ©d^ulen, 
 
 eg hjar in feiner <Sd^nIe, 
 
 Conjugate all the other strong verbs of the story in the 
 preterit, orally and in writing. 
 
 Do you see any difference in the past participle between 
 the weak and the strong verbs? 
 
 E.g. 
 
 S)er ^el^rer l^atte gefagt; and 
 
 bag toavm bit erften 3:ropfen 0en)efctt. 
 
 Does the past participle with both classes of verbs have a 
 prefix, called augment? 
 
 What is it? Is it accented? Is it a part of speech? 
 
72 
 
 Do the pure, coordinating conjunctions: 
 
 unb, abcr, fonbcrn, obcr, bcnn 
 
 cause any change of word-order in a sentence? 
 
 Give illustrations, orally and in writing. 
 
 Do the other conjunctions affect the order of words? 
 How? 
 
 E.g. 
 
 2Bir Ilefcn auf bie ©trafee, bcnn ber ^ejrer l^attc c8 gefagt; but 
 toir Itefen auf blc ©trage, ttjcil ber !Oef)rer c^ gefagt ^attc* 
 
 2ldjtunb5tt)an3tgfte 2lufgabe 
 
 (Review) 
 
 §cute tDcrbe x6) ^l^nen etnc einfad^e ©efc^id^te ersal^Ien, hit 
 ber ^ic^ter ©oetl^e in etnem ^iebe befingt: (Sine fleine ^ofe, etn 
 ^o^Iein, ftanb auf ber §eibe. ^a^ ^^o^Iein irar jung unb fo 
 fc^on XQ\t ber frifd^e aj^orgen. (gin ^nabe fal^ ha^ ^o^letn, 
 @r iDar XQxlh, unb fo lief er fd^nell, benn er moEte ha^ 9^o^^ 
 lein bred^en* ^te fleine 9?ofe aber vot^xit ftd^ unb ftac^ tl^n. 
 !Dod^ ber iDitbe ^nabe brad^ ba^ ^o^Iein tro^bent, ^rme^ 
 ^^o^Iein! 
 
 ^ag ©ebic^t l^eifet ^etbcnrii^Icm. 
 
 ©ie erfte (Strop]^e lautet folgenbemtagen: 
 
 !♦ ©al^ ein ^nab' ein ^o^Iein ftel^n, 
 D^o^Ietn auf ber §eiben, 
 ilSar fo jung unb morgenfd^on, 
 !Otef er fd^nelt, eg nal)' gu fel^n, 
 (Sa^g mtt btelen greuben* 
 
 ^o^Iein, 9?ogIein, O^o^Iein rot, 
 
 D^o^Ietn auf ber ^eiben. 
 
beginners' GERMAN 73 
 
 ^te §eibe l^eifet auf engltfc^ the heath. 
 
 ©agen ^Bk: ba^ dlMtin fte^t auf ber ^eiben? 
 
 ilBa^ fonnen <Bk ftatt er fa^ unb er lief fagen? 
 
 (^d) ber ^nabe ba^ ^o^d^en gent? 
 
 iffiar ba^ dlMdn fc^on ober l^afelid^? 
 
 (Se^en @ie bte erfte ©tropl^e biefe^ ^iebeg in ric^^ 
 
 ttge '^vo\al 
 SBerftel^en <Sie nun bie erfte (Stropl^e ganj? 
 ^ann mollen loir fie fingen! 
 
 !^ie snjcite Btxop^t ift, tDie folgt: 
 
 2, ^nabe fprac^: i(^ bred^e bic^, 
 9^d^(ein auf ber ^eiben! 
 9^o^lein fprac^: id) ftec^e bid^, 
 ^afe bu ert)ig benfft an ntid^, 
 Unb ic^ miir^ nic^t Ieiben» 
 
 ^o^Iein, ^o^lein, S^o^Iein rot, 
 
 ^o^Iein auf ber $eiben, 
 
 ©ttJtg l^eigt: auf immer, 
 
 Scibcn ift f)ier ba^fetbe n)ie laffen* 
 
 3 ft bie^ *!Profa:=i£SortftelIung: bafe bu eiuig benfft 
 
 an nxi(^? 
 ^enft ber ^nabe baran, ha^ ba^ ^o^Iein fterben 
 
 mu6? 
 
 ^onjugieren Bit: 
 
 i(i) bred^e ba^ ^^o^Iein, 
 bu brid^ft ba^ S^o^lein, 
 er (fie, e^) brid^t ba^ 9?o^Iein; 
 Jnir bred^en bie 9?og(ein ufto. 
 
74 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 (gbenfo: 
 
 id) ftcd^e ben ^naben, 
 
 SSerftel^en (Bit bie slDeite (Btxo)(if)e beg ©ebic^teSr 
 
 !Dann ftiXQen iDtr ben stt)eiten 33erg baDon! 
 
 Unb nun fomntt bit britte unb le^te ©tro)3l^e: 
 
 3, Unb ber h)ilbe ^nabe brad^ 
 'g S^o^Iein auf ber ^eiben, 
 ^o^Iein h)ef)rte ftc^ unb ftad^, 
 ^alf i^m bod^ fein 3Be]^ unb 5l(^, 
 ^D^ufet' eg eben lelben, 
 
 dlMtin, ^oglein, 9?ogrein rot, 
 
 9^ogIeln auf ber ^eiben* 
 
 SBag tat ber ^nabe mit bent dlMdn? 
 
 ^k^ ft(^ ba^ dlo^ldn bag rul^ig gefallen? 
 
 ^alf if)m aber fein ^lagen ettda^? 
 
 Zat bent ^naben bag dlMdn nic^t leib? 
 
 S3erfte]^en ®ie je^t bte le^te <Btxop^e? 
 
 !5)ann n)otIen trir fte aud^ ftUQen! 
 
 9[)?orGen mliffen ©ie bie erfte ©troplE)^ augtoenbig 
 Iriffen, unb ubemxorgen miiffen ©ie bag gauge 
 Sieb augn)enbig iriffen unb eg auc^ an bie ^tafel 
 fd^reiben fonnen! 
 
 ©oetl^e, ber grofete ^id^ter ^eutfd^tanbg unb einer 
 ber beften ^id^ter ber gangen iCSelt, l^at biefeg 
 :2ieb „§eibenrogIein" gebid^tet. ©oetl^e tourbe 
 tnx ^al^re 1749 in granffurt am Tlain geboren 
 unb ift erft inx Sa^ve 1832 geftorben, dx lebte 
 alfo t)on 1749 big 1832 unb hjurbe beinal^e 83 
 3ai)xt alt. 3eber !^eutfc^e fennt bag „§eiben== 
 
75 
 
 ro^Ietn." (gg tft einfac^ unb fel^r leic^t gu 
 
 'otv\ttt)tn. 
 ^er grofee beutfd^e !Did^ter (Schiller tft gcl^Tt 3a{)re 
 
 fpater al^ ©oetlfie geboren, h3af)renb ber grofee 
 
 gran^ofe, 9^apoleon I. (ber @rfte), stt)an3tg ^al^re 
 
 fpciter al6 ®oet()e ^ur ilSelt fam, 
 SBann finb ba()er (Schiller unb 9^apoIeon I. ge* 
 
 boren? 
 iEBer ift ber ciltefle bon ben brei berlilfimten 3)J(in* 
 
 nern? 
 SBer ift ber jiingfte? 
 
 iBar ©driller {linger ober alter aU ©oetl^e? 
 ilBar 9^apoleon L ebenfo alt iDie (Sd^iller? 
 
 NOTE 
 Make a list of all the strong verbs in this lesson. 
 
 n:eununb3U)an3Tgfte 2lufgabe 
 
 $eute tDerbe td^ 3&nen eine furge 5lnefbote t)ortragen: 
 
 ©bctmann unb (SJartncr 
 
 ©in (Sbetmann befuc^te tnct^renb grower (Somnterl^i^e feinen 
 ©arten, (Ex ging barin fpasieren unb befaf) bte bielen bllibenben 
 SBIumen unb ba^ SBaffer, ba^ burd^ feinen ^arf, feinen SBalb, 
 flo^, ^a fanb er ben Partner, tnelc^er feinen ©errn nid^t er^ 
 martet l^atte, unter einem ^aume fd^Iafen. SovniQ ging er 
 auf U)n log unb rief: „(S(^urfe! !Du liegft l^ier, anftatt ^u ar^ 
 beiten; bu berbienft nic^t, bafe bic^ bie (Sonne befd^eint!" ^er 
 Partner antmortete ruf)ig: „3c^ n)ei6 ba^, mein §err; bt^f)alh 
 l^abe ic^ mid^ in ben (Sd^atten gelegtJ' 
 
76 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 5Serfte]^en (Bk biefe Hnefbote? 
 SSelc^e ^Sorter finb S^mn unbefannt? 
 3)eutfd)Ianb i)at ^Burger unb ©bcttcutc, ©ie 
 
 ?eute t)on I)o^er ©eburt fiei^en (Sbelkute, 3?n 
 
 5(mcrifa gibt e^ feitie (Sbelleutc. 
 Sotrnq ^eifet argerlid^ unb tft ein ©egenteil t)on 
 
 553o l^aben iDir 9flu^ gerernt? Hub njo rul^tg? 
 
 ^0 fiaben tcir fc^lofcn ^e^aht? 
 
 ^0 bic Stmnc unb td^ hjetfe? iBo S3 lumen? 
 
 gragcn 
 
 SBcr bcfud^te einmal fetnen @arten, b» 1^, U)cr ging 
 
 einrnal in fetnen ©arten? 
 5E3ag tat ber Sbelmann? 
 SSann ging er in feinen ©arten? 
 ilBol^in ging er tt)af)xtnb grower (Sommerl^ifee? 
 5E3ie tear ber ©arten? 
 SBa^ befal^ fic^ ber (Sbelmann? 
 SSen fanb er? 
 SBo tDar ber ©artner? 
 ifiSar er auf einer iCSiefe (meadow)? 
 SSarum berliefe ber (Sbelmann ba^ §au§? 
 SBarum ber @artner? 
 SSer tdav ber §err? 
 SBeffen Wiener tvax ber ©artner? 
 ^tm gel^orte ber '^axt unb atte^ barin? 
 ilBa^ flir ein ©arten h)ar e^? 
 5£3ie fprac^ ber (ibelmann feinen ©cirtner an? 
 SBol^er n)iffen ®ie, bafe ber §err sornig n)ar? 
 SBeffen totiDort tear rul^ig? 
 
 il!Bieberf)oIen ®ie ntiinblic^ bie ganje ©efd^id^te! 
 
beginners' GERMAN 77 
 
 i^efen ®te je^t bte 5lnefbote! 
 (Sc^reiben <Sie ba^ ©tile! an bie ^afel! 
 ai^orgen merben mir ein ^iftat barilber ]f)aben. 
 
 Make the following changes, both orally and 
 in writing: 
 
 1. Change the singulars into plurals. 
 
 2. Substitute other prepositions for those 
 
 given. 
 
 3. Change the tenses given into the present. 
 
 4. Change the tenses given into the perfect. 
 
 5. Change the tenses given into the pluper- 
 
 fect. 
 
 6. Change the tenses given into the future. 
 
 7. Use subordinating conjunctions, thereby 
 
 changing the order of words. 
 
 NOTE 
 
 Declension of the interrogative pronoun. 
 
 Nominative tticr ttJa^ 
 
 Genitive hJcffcil 
 
 Dative hjem 
 
 Accusative hJCtl tOd^ 
 
 How do you decline the relative pronoun bcr, btc, \>(i^'^ 
 Observe: 
 
 (m. ©in (Sbelmann, beffcn Partner WItef, gltig fpasicren. 
 /. (Sine ©belfrau, beren Partner fc^Itef, gtng fpa^teren. 
 n. Sin i^rciulein, be[[cn (Partner fd)Iief, gtng fpasteren* 
 
 . . G. (Sbelleute, bercti Partner fc^Itefen, gittgen fpasteren. 
 D. (Sbelleute, benen bie ©artner folgten, murben sornig* 
 
 The relative pronoun is never omitted in German. 
 
78 
 
 What is the difference in declension between bcr, blC, ba^ 
 as definite article and as relative (demonstrative) pronoun? 
 Illustrate. 
 
 What are the two ways of introducing subordinate clauses? 
 Illustrate. 
 
 If the conjunction is omitted, does the dependent order 
 remain the same? 
 
 What case is used with the preposition iDdl^tenb? 
 
 WORD FORMATION 
 
 9JJan gcfit ctncn (^ang, SO^an n)irft elnen SSurf, 
 
 9}?an ftngt eincn — . Wan trinft einen — » 
 
 a^ flingt ein — ♦ Wan fprid^t einen — . 
 
 How are these nouns formed? Of what gender are they? 
 
 Dret§igfte Jlufgabe 
 
 In giving the principal parts (bie ©runbformen) of verbs, 
 we must know the: i. Present Infinitive, 2. Preterit, 3. Past 
 Participle. 
 
 The weak (regular) verbs are thus given: i. lernen, 2. lerntc, 
 3. gclernt. 
 
 In giving the principal parts of strong verbs, we have to 
 distinguish seven classes of verbs, grouped according to their 
 root- vowel change (called 5lblaut)» 
 
 Give the principal parts of all verbs in sentences in the 
 third singular present, preterit, (future, and) perfect. 
 
 E.g. 
 
 er finbet ben ©artner, er Iftuft in ben Garten, 
 
 er fanb ben ©cirtner, er lief in ben ©arten, 
 
 er h)irb ben Partner ftnben, er iDirb in ben ©arten lanfen, 
 
 er ^ai ben ©artner gefnnben; er ift in ben ©arten gelaufen. 
 
BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 79 
 
 We shall classify the strong verbs into one of the following 
 seven classes: 
 
 CLASS 
 
 mFINITIVE 
 
 PRETERIT PAST PARTICIPLE 
 
 1 
 
 ei 
 
 i(ie) 
 
 t(ie) 
 
 
 2 
 
 ie 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 u(o) 
 
 
 4 
 
 e 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 c 
 
 a 
 
 e 
 
 
 6 
 
 a 
 
 u 
 
 a 
 
 
 7 
 
 a (and other vowels) ie (i) 
 
 a (and other vowels) 
 
 Examples taken from the 
 
 preceding 
 
 lessons 
 
 : 
 
 1. 
 
 fd^retben, 
 
 fc^rieb, 
 
 
 gefd^riebcn, 
 
 
 fd^treigen, 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 fd^einen, 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 bleiben, 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 beifecn, 
 
 m, 
 
 
 gebiffen, 
 
 
 gretfen, 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 pfeifen, 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 (ger)fd^neibcn, 
 
 fd^nitt, 
 
 
 gefd^nitten. 
 
 2, 
 
 riec^cn, 
 frieren, 
 
 tod^/ 
 
 
 gerod^en, 
 
 ^ 
 
 fliefeen, 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 ttUefeen, 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 3. 
 
 (inQen, 
 (t)er)[d^Iingen, 
 
 fang, 
 
 
 gefungen, 
 
 
 ftnben, 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 trinfen, 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 beginnen, 
 
 begann, 
 
 
 begonnen* 
 
 4, 
 
 fprec^en, 
 
 fprad^, 
 
 
 gefprod^en. 
 
 
 fterben, 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 bred^cn, 
 
 — 
 
 
 ■— 
 
 
 l^elfen, 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 • 
 
 ftec^en, 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
8o 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 nejmen, 
 
 n(xi)tu.f 
 
 gcnommcn, 
 
 toerben, 
 
 (toarb) 
 h3urbe, 
 
 ift getoorben. 
 
 (And) f ommen, 
 
 font, 
 
 ift gefommen» 
 
 5, lefen, 
 
 Ia«, 
 
 gelefen, 
 
 geben, 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 treten, 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 effen, 
 
 a6, 
 
 gegeffen. 
 
 (And) liegen. 
 
 tofi, 
 
 getegen, 
 
 ft^en, 
 
 fa6, 
 
 gefeffcn. 
 
 6» tta^tn, 
 
 trug, 
 
 getragen, 
 
 tT3af($en, 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 tDa($fen, 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 (fort)faf)ren, 
 
 Wr (fort), 
 
 (fort)gefa5ren» 
 
 7. l^alten, 
 
 W% 
 
 ge^alten, 
 
 fd^Iafen, 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 faEen, 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 (ber)Iaffen, 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 fangen, 
 
 Ptifi, 
 
 gefangcn, 
 
 f)eifeen, 
 
 m, 
 
 geiieifeen, 
 
 laufen, 
 
 Kef, 
 
 ift gelaufen, 
 
 rufen, 
 
 rief, 
 
 gerufen, 
 
 geJien, 
 
 fitng, 
 
 ift gegangen. 
 
 State with each verb where it occurred for the first time, 
 i.e. give the sentence, as far as possible. 
 
 (a) Form sentences of your own with the preterit 
 
 for the verbs fd^trcifictt to f(^neiben. 
 
 (b) Form sentences with the perfect 
 
 for the verbs ^lei^ctt to ficgintien* 
 
 (c) Form sentences in the singular present 
 
 for the verbs of classes 4-7. 
 
 Give the synopsis of a verb in complete sentences. 
 
beginners' GERMAN 8l 
 
 E.g. 
 
 Present — i^ fd^retbe meine 5(ufgabc* 
 
 Preterit — bu [d)rtebft beine Slufgabe. 
 
 Future — er tDirb feme 5lu[gabe fc^reiben* 
 
 Perfect — n)tr ()aben unfere ^lufgaben gefc^rieben. 
 
 Pluperfect — if)r ^attd eure ^lufgaben ge[d)rieben. 
 
 Perf . Cond. — [ie tDiirben ii)vt Hufgaben gefc^rieben f)aben. 
 
 Use as the last form the perfect conditional, and not the 
 future perfect, as it is scarcely ever used in common speech. 
 
 Apply this scheme, or any variation of it, orally or in 
 writing, to all the verbs, omitting fc^cinctl, flieftetl, ftcrficn. 
 
 €tnunbbrei§tgfte 2lufgabe 
 
 §eute tDcrben iDir eine neue ©efd^ic^te burd^nef)men, bic fo^ 
 genben ^itel fiat: 
 
 ^a§ tojthaxt trauttctn 
 
 S^d 3}Jagbe, 5(nna unb SD^artl^a, gingen na(^ ber (Stabt, 
 unb jebe trug einen fd^meren ^orb boll Dbft auf bem ^opfe, 
 5lnna murrte unb feuf^te beftanbig, "ifflavi^a aber lad^te unb 
 fc^er^te, 5lnna fagte: „SSte magft bu nur lad^en? ^etn ^oxb 
 ift ia fo fc^toer H)ie ber metnige, unb bu btft nlc^t ftcirfer aU i^J' 
 Tlavti)a fprac^: „^u f)aft rec^t, meln ^orb ift fo fc^toer mte bei 
 beinige, aber tc^ l^abe ein gen)lffe§ ^rciutlein ^ur iBiirbe gelegt, 
 bal)er fuf)le ic^ fie faum." „(Ei" rtef 5lnna, „ha^ tnufe ein foft* 
 bare^ ^rciutlein feln, ®ag mir bo(^, toie eg l^eifet/' Tlavtf)a 
 anttoortete: „^ag foftbare ^rautlein, ba^ alle ^aften leic^ter 
 mac^t, l^eifet — @ebulb/' 9[)^erfe btr, Slnna, unb benfe baran: 
 
 „?eic^ter trcigt, ira^ er aud^ tragi, 
 ilSer ©ebulb pr iBiirbe legt," 
 
82 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 S3crfte{)cn @ie biefe 5lnefbote? 
 
 SBa§ fonnen <Bk \tatt sttjct SJlagbe fagen? 
 
 SSa^ fiir ein ^orb ift ein Stovh t)oir Obft? 
 
 iSBa^ ift aber ein Ob[tforb? 
 
 Obft ift ba^felbe n)ie griid^te. grUd^te finb Spfel, 
 
 ^imen, "ipflaumcn ufm. 
 SSo l^aben mir griicfttc per ft gel^abt? 
 ©inb reife griic^te meiften^ filfe ober fauer? 
 JBcftanbig fieifet immer. 
 SSie iiberfe^en ©ie nur, ja, boc^? 
 
 Sragcn 
 
 SBie l^eifet btc neuc ©efd^ic^te? 
 
 !Die neue ©efc^ic^te f)ei6t . ♦ ♦ 
 
 ilSa^ ift ber 3:itel bcr neucn ©efc^id^te? 
 
 SSobon l^oren mir in ber neuen ©efd^id^te? 
 
 iCSelc^e neue ©efc^id^te lefen h)ir jefet? 
 
 SBol^in finb bie 9}^agbe gegangen? 
 
 (©ie finb in — ®tabt gegangen, 
 
 iS3ie iDar ber ^orb, fd^mer ober leic^t? 
 
 5£3aren bie ^orbe gleid^ fd^toer^ober H)ar ein ^orb 
 
 fd^tDerer? 
 iESar 5Inna^ ^orb fd^n)erer? (5lnna^ = ber Hnna,) 
 SSie htnai)m fid^ 5lnna, nnb h)a^ fagte fie? 
 SBie htm^m fid& ^avti)a, unb Xoa^ fagte fie? 
 ^mpfanb ober fill^lte 5lnna bie ©d^tcere ber 
 
 SBiirbe? 
 SSie fieifet ha^ foftbare ^rciuttein? 
 
 Icemen ©ie ben (©prud^ au^iDenbig! 
 ifiSieberl^oIen ©ie nun bie gan^e ©efd^id^te! 
 <©d^reiben (Sie biefelbe an bie 3:afen 
 
BEGESnSTERS' GERMAN 
 
 83 
 
 Nominative 1 
 Accusative J 
 Genitive 
 Dative 
 
 Give a synopsis of: 
 16) ge^e f)eute in bie ®tabt 
 
 ©el^cn is really an irregular strong verb, as are 
 fetn XOQX tft gemefen 
 
 fte^en ftanb Qeftanben 
 
 tun tat getan 
 
 Give the principal parts of these four verbs 
 
 in sentences. 
 Where are adverbs of time placed? Before 
 
 other adverbial modifiers?— How are proper 
 
 nouns declined? 
 What can you say instead of bcr tnctmgc and 
 
 bcr bcinigc? 
 Of what is 5ur a contraction? 
 Give similar cases of contraction. 
 What are the principal parts of l^etftcn? 
 Note the difference between l^ciften and the 
 
 other verbs with root- vowel -el-. 
 Change all preterits into: 
 
 1. the present tense, 
 
 2. the pluperfect. 
 
 Rewrite the whole story by substituting 
 synonyms for as many words and expres- 
 sions as possible. 
 
 NOTE 
 Declension 
 
 Singular 
 
 bie neue ©efd^id^te 
 
 Plural 
 bie neuen ®ef(5t(5ten 
 
 ber neuen ©efd^id^te 
 ber neuen ^t\6)\6^it 
 
 ber neuen ®efd^i(5ten 
 ben neuen ©efd^ic^ten 
 
84 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 Decline in the same way in sentences: 
 
 bie faule SD^agb, bie ficifeige SWagb, 
 
 biefe grofee ©tabt, jene fleine ©tabt, 
 
 iebe fd^toere 2a\t, iDeld^e fd^mere ^aft (iBiirbe), 
 
 Why should this attributive declension be called weak? 
 
 What is the difference between it and the so-called strong 
 declension of adjectives? Illustrate. 
 
 Change in the following, orally and in writing, the plurals 
 into singulars: 
 
 iV. '^k faulen SD^agbe finb gu §aufe. 
 
 G. !Die 9^ametx ber faulen 9}?agbe finb 5lnna unb 'SJlavt^a. 
 
 D. (Sr gibt ben faulen SJJftgben !ein ©elb. 
 
 A. 3Sir l)aben geftern bie faulen 3}2agbe in ber ^tabt 0efel)en» 
 
 gtt)eiunbbrei§tgfte 2tufgabe 
 
 ^a)3 tagUcftc Srnt 
 
 3um griil^ftlidf befotnmt ba^ beutfc^e ^inb ©emmer unb 
 33rot, am Sefttag aud^ rt)of)I ein ©tlicf ^uc^en» .^uc^en, ^em- 
 mel unb «rot badt ber mdtx au^ mt% ^a^ mcU ma^t 
 ber SD^ilKer an^ ilSeigen* unb au^ ^^oggenfornd^en; btefe fauft 
 er bom i8auer» !l)er ^auer bebaut ba^ gelb unb fat bie fleinen 
 ©etreibeforner l^ineln, (Sin SSeijen^^ unb 9toggenfornd)en tft 
 ein fel^r fleine^ ^tng, noc^ fleiner aU ber 9^agel am fleinen 
 ginger eine^ fleinen ,^inbe^. (S^ ^at eine biinne, trodfene 
 (Sd^ate; innen ift meifeeg TltU, unb in bem Tlt'i)! liegt ein ganj 
 fleiner ^eim, ber nid^t grofeer ift al^ ein ©tedfnabelfopf. — 
 ^er i^eim fd^laft im ©etreibeforn mie ba^ Heine ^inb im ^ttt 
 Slug bem fleinen ,^orn ertuad^ft aber ein §alm, fo ^od) mie ein 
 SD^ann, unten mit ^uv^dn unb iBlattern, oben mit einer Sl)re. 
 3n ber fil)re bilben ftd^ tDieber biele neue ®etreibefi)mer, 5lu^ 
 
85 
 
 bem einen i^omc^en, ba^ ber ^auer in bk @rbe legt, ftnb il^rer 
 t)iele getDorben, biel tnel^r aU ein ^inb ginger l)at (Sinen 
 ©acf boll fat ber ^auer tm gruf)ia]^r au^, biele (Bade, bott 
 bringt er tm ^erbfte tDteber nad) §aufe, — 3)te 2tere, g, i8. 
 bte 53ogeI, bte §enne, bit ®an^, bie ^u^ unb ba^ ^ferb, freffen 
 bie fleinen ©etreibefomer gem. ^ie fleinen isomer emci^ren 
 aud^ grofee ^eute, felbft ^atfer unb ^onige, 
 
 9^ad^^. SBagncr. 
 
 SSelc^e ^Sorter Dcrftetien Ste ntd^t? 
 
 ^aig f^riiMtiirf ift ba^ erfte (gf[en friii) am 9D?orgen. 
 
 iESa^ ift ba^ IJ^ittageffen? ba^ Hbenbeffen? 
 
 ^ic ©emmel ift ein ^rotd^en. i£Ba^ ift ein ^rot* 
 
 d^en? 
 ^ic SSursetn eine^ iBaume^ finb in ber Srbe, 
 ^ic S5ijgel fliegen in ber ^uft; bie @an^ fd^mimmt 
 
 auf bem SBaffer.^ 
 ^a^ ifet ba^ beutfc^e ^inb gum grUMtlicf? 
 SSorau^ tdixb ba^ tagli(§e iBrot gemad^t? 
 iSSo^er fommt ba^ SD^ef)!? 
 (Sraa^len ©ie ba^ gauge <3tiidf nod^ einmal! 
 ^efen <Bit e6 nun! 
 (gd^reiben (Sie e^ jefet an bie SBanbtafel! 
 
 Semen 8te au^tticnbtg: 
 
 !Der Sanbmann pflangt mit TIW unb 9^ot 
 !Dag ^orn filr unfer taglic^ ^rot, 
 cSum WiXlkv toirb ba^ ^orn gebra(^t 
 Unb feine^ SD^e^I barau^ gemac^t, 
 ^er iBcicfer nimmt ba^ Tlt^ in^ ©au^ 
 Unb bcicft im £)fen iBrot barau^. 
 !Die ar^utter ftreic^t bie Gutter brauf, 
 ^ie IJinber effen alle^ auf. 
 
86 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 NOTE 
 
 
 
 Declension 
 
 
 
 Singular 
 
 Nominative | c ^ -. . ^, . 
 . , . \oa^ Heme ^mb 
 Accusative J 
 
 
 Plural 
 bie fleinen tinber 
 
 Genitive be§ fleinen ^inbeg 
 
 
 ber fleinen ttnber 
 
 Dative bcm fleinen ^inb 
 
 
 ben fleinen tinbern 
 
 Decline similarly in sentences: 
 
 
 
 ha^ grofee torn, biefeg melfee $me]&t, 
 bag Heine iBIatt, Jeneg fd^n)arse 2)in9, 
 
 jebeg alte 3:ter, 
 
 h)el(f)eg iunge ^ferb* 
 
 Sa§ tut ber mdtx? 
 
 SSag tut ber ^miiller? (gr ma^It ha^ mt% 
 
 Unb ber moitx? !Der ar^aler malt bag ^ilb. 
 
 ilBag tut ber ^auer? 
 
 iS3ie nennt man feine grau? 
 
 SSag tut ein ^el^rer ober eine ^el^rerin? 
 
 SBa^ ein ©d^reiber? 3)i(^ter? @(^neiber? ^ifd^Ier? 
 
 !Der 9}?ann, ber ^iite mac^t, ift ein §utmac^er» 
 
 2Bag fiir ein 9}Jann ift ein (B(^uf)ma(§er? ein Uf)r^ 
 
 mac^er? 
 (Sin U^nnad^er luad^t Ul^ren in ber Ufirmad^er* 
 
 tnerfftatte. 
 SSir nennen bie SBerfftatte eineg ^adterg cine 
 
 iBcicferei. 
 2Bag ift eine 2:ifd^terei? 
 
 WORD FORMATION 
 
 What kind of nouns does the nominal suffix -cr form, ex- 
 pressing what? Of what gender are these nouns? 
 
beginners' GERMAN 87 
 
 What can you say of the force of the noun-suffix -in 
 (Plural -tnnen) ? Of what gender are these nouns ? 
 How about the suffix -ct? Of what gender? 
 Make a list of the feminine nouns with the suffixes: 
 
 -ei, -i)tit, -Mi, 
 -in, -ftaft, -ung, 
 -ie, -if, -ion» 
 
 Of what origin are the last three? 
 What neuter suffixes have we had? Give examples. 
 How do you translate bicfcr and jcncr? 
 Is there any difference in English between the use of the 
 latter and the former? 
 
 Dretunbbrei^igfte 2lufgabe 
 
 ^tc bcutfc^c ^aifcrfamiKc 
 
 tatfcr mmm L (ber ©rfte) ift fe^r alt geiDorben, %U er 
 am 9, max^ 1888 ftarb, mv er faft 91 3a^re alt, ha er am 
 22, ^ixvi 1797 geboren tDurbe, 9^ac§ bem 3:obe be^ erften 
 §o]^en3oItem:=^alfer^ beftieg ber franfe ^ronprins ben 3:!)ron, 
 511^ ^aifer l^iefe er griebric^ III» (ber ^ritte), @r Wax ber 
 ^tebling be^ beutfc^en 3SoI!eg» SJJan nannte tl^n liberal! nur 
 „Unfem gri^." '^at)tx tat e^ bem 33oIfe fo tetb, ba^ bem 
 glneiten beutfd^en ^aifer etne fo furje 9?egierung befc^ieben tioax. 
 @c^on nac^ 99 ^agen ftarb er am 15, 3nnt 1888, — 3n bem^ 
 felben 3af)re, in bem ber erfte beutfd^e ^atfer geftorben mar, 
 fal^ !Deutf(^lanb anc^ ben jtDeiten l!^aifer tn^ ®rab ftnfen, ^a^ 
 Sa^x 1888 ^at alfo bret beutfc^e ^aifer anf bem beutfd^en 
 X^xoM gefel^en, 3)er brltte beutfc^e ^atfer tft 2BiIf)e(m II» 
 
88 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 ^ tft bcr icfeiQe f aifer unb rcgiert fcit bcm 15. 3uni 1888. 
 dx ift ber ®o{)n griebrid^g III. (beg Written) unb ber (gnfel 
 SSil^elmg I. ^aifer ilBilfielm II. iDurbe am 27. ^anuar 1859 
 geboren. T)k beutfc^e ^aiferin fieifet ^lugufte 35iftoria. ^ie 
 f)o]^en ©Item l^aben fteben ^Inber, namlid^ fed^g "iPrlnsen unb 
 eine ^iprinaeffin. ^er tiltefte ^rlnj tft ber ^ronprina griebrid^ 
 ilBilfielm. (gr iDurbe 1882 geboren. 
 
 Sragcn 
 
 iD3ic l^tefe ber erfte beutfd^e ^aifer, unb toie alt 
 
 njurbe er? 
 SBer fam nad^ bem Xohc beg erften beutfd^en Rau 
 
 ferg auf ben 3:^ron? 
 iSBeffen ^Biebling tear griebrid^ III.? 
 SBar bem stDetten beutfd^en ^aifer etn langeg ?eben 
 
 befd^ieben? 
 3n iDeld^em Sd^vt \ai)tn bte ^eutfd^en aud^ ben 
 
 gtDetten ^aifer tng ©rab ftnfen? 
 SSie blele f aifer rt)aren alfo tm ^al^re 1888 auf 
 
 bem Xl^ron? 
 ilSie nannte ba^ S5oIf ben franfen griebrid^ III.? 
 SBeld^en taifer f)aben bie ^eutfd^en je^t? iCSie alt 
 
 ift er? 
 iSSie t)tele ^inber l^at ba^ ie^ige ^aiferpaar (l^aben 
 
 bie ieijigen ^ofiensoltern) ? 
 
 SBieberl^oIen (Bk, Wa^ ©ie t)on ben beutfd^en ^aU 
 
 fern gel^ort l^aben! 
 ©eben ©ie bie 9^amen ber erften ^aifer an! 
 ?efen (Sie nun bag Sefeftlidf! 
 ©d^reiben (Sie eg je^t an bie 2:afel ober ijielmel^r: 
 
 i(^ iDerbe eg 3imn langfam biftieren. 
 
beginners' GERMAN 89 
 
 !^a^ befannte beut[(^e 9lattonatIieb ift: 
 ^txi bit im ©icgcrfranst 
 
 ^ie erfte @tropf)e babon lautet: 
 
 §etl bir tm ©iegerfrang, 
 ^errfc^er be6 53aterlanb^! 
 ^eil, ^aifer, bir! 
 %ii^l in be^ X'i)xont^ ®Iana 
 ^ie l^olfie SBonne gan^: 
 ^kUinq, be^ 3Solf^ su fein! 
 $eil, ^aifer, bir! 
 
 (Sie merben biefe erfte ©tropl^e au^lDenbig lemen! 
 
 3efet toollen tDir fie fingen! 
 
 <Bk fentien bod^ bie SD^elobie bon: ilf 3; Country H is 
 
 of Thee unb Go(/ save the King? 
 5lIIe brei 5^ationalf)t)Tnnen l^aben biefelBe 3)?eIobie, 
 <Sie t)erftef)en bod^ al(e6? 
 SESa^ fiir ein Gratis ift ber (Siegerfran^? 
 2Ba^ fiir ein Sanb ift ha^ 3SaterIanb? 
 ©in Siebling ift einer, ber geliebt Juirb, 
 SBag ift ein ^ef)rling? 
 
 NOTE 
 
 Declension 
 
 Singular Plural 
 
 Nom. ber beutfc^e ^aifer bie beutfd^en ^aifer 
 
 Gen. be§ beutfc^ett ^aifer^ ber beutfc^en ^aifer 
 
 Dat. bent beutf(f)en ^aifer ben beutf(^en ^aifem 
 
 Ace. bm beut[(f)en ^aifer bie beutfc^en ^aifer 
 
 Decline likewise, always in sentences, as oral and as writ- 
 ten work: 
 
90 BEGINNERS* GERMAN 
 
 ber franfc ^ronprins, berfelbe 2tf)xtx, 
 
 biefer Qrofee Siebling, berjentge ©driller, 
 
 jener mad^tige ^()ron, ber meinige [@o()n]. 
 
 The adjective, when preceded by the article, has practi- 
 cally always what ending? 
 
 What case is excepted with masculine nouns? 
 
 With feminine and neuter nouns, of course, what two 
 cases are excepted? 
 
 WORD FORMATION 
 
 SBtitbcrUc^ ^d^t tele ein 58ruber ober gleid^ ctnem ^ruber. 
 What is the force of the adjective-suflax -licft in eltcrlid^, 
 ^3rin3li(^, fc^mefterlic^, tnannlid^, hjciblid^? 
 
 t>terun&t)ret§t9P:e ^lufgabe 
 
 ^a^ ^eutft^c 9flci(S 
 
 ©eit 1871, felt bem ^riege mtt granfretd^, beftef)t loieber 
 ein mftc^ttgeg, einlQeg !Deutfc^eg $Held§, ^Deutfd^tanb ift nid^t 
 fe^r grofe, obtoolf)! grower al^ ^nglanb ober granfreid^. 3e= 
 bod^ bie ^Sereinlgten (Staaten t)on 9^orbamertfa o^m 5lla^fa 
 finb 14| mat grower aU bag ^Deutfd^e ^eld^, 5lber !3)eutfd^- 
 lanb l^at ungef(if)r 68 3}^lIUoTien (SlntDofiner, alfo f fotitet h)ie 
 ble 3Serelnigten ©taaten, !Der iebe^malige ^ontg tion ^reu= 
 6en ift ^eutf d^er ^atfer. grill^er lijurben ble ^eutfd^en ^aifer 
 tmmer geh3af)It, b, !), nad^ bem 3:obe elneg ^eutfd^en ^alfer^ 
 iDal^lte man einen neuen.^ 3e^t ift bie ^alfertDitrbe aber erb* 
 Itd^. ^er t)eutige !Deutfd^e ^aifer f)at bie ^ad^t eineg elntgen 
 ©eutfd^en 9^eid^eg {)inter fid^. ^er ^aifer ift ber 5Sertreter 
 beg 9^eid^eg tm 3Serfef)r mtt bem 5luglanb. (gr ift aud^ ber 
 oberfte ^rteggi)err unb i8efe{)lg]()aber ber 5lrmee nnb glotte* 
 
BEGINNERS' GERMAN 9 1 
 
 5Iber er f)at nid^t iDte ber ^ipraftbent ber 53ereinigten (Staaten 
 ba^ 9^ec^t, ein 33eto elnjulegen, 
 
 !Da^ ^eutfd^e dld^ ht\td)t au^ 26 emgelnen (Btaaten; bier 
 babon finb ilomgreic^e, namlic^ ^reufeen, 58at)em, ©ad^fen 
 unb ilBurttemberg, ^iefe 26 (Staaten fenben 61 35ertreter, 
 bie t)on ben Sanbe^furften ernannt irerben, nac^ ^Berlin, ber 
 §auptftabt 'iPreufeeM unb be^ ^eidie^. !Die 61 3Sertreter 
 bilben sufammen ben Sunbe^rat unter bem 5Sorft^e be^ Df^elc^^:* 
 fanjler^. Sefeterer mirb t)om ^aifer ernannt. !Die ^iirger 
 tnt Qan^en 2)eutf(^en 9^ei(^ t^'d^tn 397 5lbgeorbnete in ben 
 SRetc^i^tag, ber ebenfaltg in ^Berlin jufammenfommt. 2ltte ^iir* 
 ger, bie liber 25 ^al^re alt finb, ertncii^len biefe SD^itglieber be^ 
 ^eic^^tage^ auf 5 3cif)re, in gel)eimer ^a% !5)er iBunbe^* 
 rat unb ber ^^eic^^tag mac^en @efe^e unb ftelten bag iBubget 
 beg 3:)eutfc^en ^Reic^eg feft. 
 
 T)k grofeten unb tuic^tigften (^t&btt !Deutf(^Ianbg finb nad^ 
 ^Berlin: Hamburg an ber (gibe, ^D^iinc^en (bie ©auptftabt bon 
 iBatjern), ^eipjig in ©ac^fen, ^regben (bie ^auptftabt ©ac^^ 
 feng), ^oln (Soln) am ^l^ein, ^reglau an ber £)ber, granffurt 
 am 9}^ain, $annot)er, Bremen an ber ilBefer.. 
 
 1 Qm 13. 3fa{)r{)unbert gob c3 fogar ctnmal cine faifcdofc, fd^rcdflid^c 3cit, 
 
 Stagen 
 
 (Seit meld^em S^al^re beftel^t ein neueg ^eutfd^eg 
 
 ^eid^? 
 "Hflad) tDelc^em ^riege tdav ha^? 
 §aben (Sie fd^on bon bem beutfc^^fran^ofifd^en 
 
 ^rieg gel^ort? 
 SBie bielmal grower finb bie 53ereinigten ©taaten 
 
 aU 3)eutfc^ranb? 
 i£3ie ift bie beutfd^e ^aifertriirbe je^t? 
 ilBie fam man friilier su einem ^aifer? 
 
92 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 SBelc^eS finb ble 9?e(^te be§ ^Deutfd^cn ^aifer^? 
 2Bie biele (Staaten gibt e^ im 3)eutfc^en 9^eid^? 
 9^ennen @ie bit brei grofeten (Btaaten mit il^ren 
 
 ^auptftabten! 
 3eigen (Sie biefe ©tcibte auf ber Cartel 
 iSBie t)iele 33ertreter bilben ben ^unbe^rat? 
 ©inb fie QetDcililt ober emannt? 
 SSer ift ber 33orft^er be^ ^unbe^rat^? 
 SBte Diere a^Jitglleber be^ ^eid^gtagg gibt e^? 
 SSerben biefe getncil^lt? 
 ^ann ber ^aifer aKein ©efe^e madden ober allein 
 
 ba^ ^ubget aufftellen? 
 SKeld^e iDeiteren etabte unb glUffe !Deutfd§Ianbg 
 
 fennen (Sie? 
 Sft ^Deutfd^Ianb tDit bit 3Sereinigten ©taaten ein 
 
 (Btaattnhunb, ober ift e^ ein iBunbe^ftaat? 
 ^at ber "iPrfifibent ber 53ereinigten Btaattn a|)n= 
 
 lid^e ^ted^te loie ber ^eutfd^e ^aifer? 
 
 SBergleid^en (Sie bie beiben 2&nbtx miteinanber! 
 (Sd^reiben ®ie einen Huffa^ bariiber! 
 
 NOTE 
 Declension 
 
 N. ein ncuer Golfer tint fc^recfUc^c Sdt tin ^cutfd^cg 9?ct(^ 
 
 G. cinc« ncucn ^oifcrg ciner f(^re(fli(^en 3ett eincg !Deutfd^en 9Jet(|e8 
 
 Z). cincm ncucn ^aifcr einer fd^redlic^cn B^it cincm •Dcutfd^cn 9?ci(^(c) 
 
 ^. einen neuen ^aifcr einc fd^rcdflic^c 3sit ein ^cutfd^eg dtti6) 
 
 Why is this declension of adjectives called at times mixed? 
 
 Are attributive adjectives in the comparative and super- 
 lative declined like the adjectives in the positive degree? 
 Illustrate. 
 
 Is it not true that either the adjective or the preceding 
 element (ber= and ein=words) must show the gender, num- 
 
BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 93 
 
 ber, and case of the following noun which it modifies? If 
 so, does that make clear the forms: 
 
 bcr neue, but ein neuct, 
 
 ha§ neue, but ein neue^? 
 
 Decline in sentences, orally and in writing: 
 ein !Deutfd^er J^aifer; 
 eine erblic^e ^aiferttJiirbe; mein fd^oneS SSaterlanb^ 
 
 When are geographical adjectives capitalized? 
 
 ^iinfunbbret^tgfte Jtufgabe 
 
 (Review) 
 
 SSteberl^oIung ber gangen Hbieftitj^^efllnation: 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 D. 
 
 hex ncuc ^aifer 
 ein ncucr ^aifcr 
 beg ncuen ^aiferS 
 cineS tteucn ^aiferg 
 bem ncuen ^aifcr 
 cincm ncuen ^aifer 
 ben neucn ^atfer 
 cincn neuen ^ai[cr 
 
 Singular 
 
 bte fd^rcdlid^e 3cit 
 etnc fd^rccflid^e ^cit 
 bcr fd^redflicficn 3cit 
 etncr fd^rcdflici^cn 3ctt 
 bcr fd^redlic^cn 3eit 
 eincr [c^rccflic^cn 3cit 
 bic fc^rcdEIid^c 3cit 
 cine fc^rcdflic^c ^cit 
 
 Norn. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 bag bcutfd^e tinb 
 ein bcutf(^C)8 ^inb 
 bc8 beutfd^cn ^inbe« 
 etneS bcutfcficn ^inbeS 
 bcm bcutfc^cn ^inb 
 einem bcutfc^en ^inb 
 has beutf(|c ^inb 
 ein beutfci^c;^ ^tnb 
 
 Plural 
 Qutcn 
 
 bie 
 (fcinc) 
 
 ber gutcn 
 (feiner) 
 
 ben Quten 
 (feinen) 
 
 ^atfcr 
 
 3eiten 
 
 ^tnber 
 
 taifer 
 
 3etten 
 
 ttnber 
 
 faifern 
 
 3eiten 
 
 ^inbern 
 
 ^L '''*'" I leUcn 
 >. ^inber 
 
 (feine) 
 
94 
 2)le erfte ©tropl^e beg beutfd^en 9^ationattiebeg: 
 
 ^ , . ^ic SBac^t am 9fl^cm 
 
 lautet: 
 
 ^g brauft ein $Ruf tDie Donnerl^att, 
 
 iSSte ©d^mertgeflirr unb ilBogenprall: 
 
 3uin D^^ein, gum D^l^ein, aum beutfc^en 9?]^em! 
 
 fBtv mill beg (Stromeg filter fein? 
 
 !Oteb 33aterlanb, magft ruf)tg fein, 
 
 ^kh SSaterlanb, tnagft rulfiig fein: 
 
 geft fte^t unb treu bie SSad^t, bie iESac^t am dl^dnl 
 
 geft Mt unb treu bk ^ai^t, bie iSSac^t am ^^^ein! 
 
 5(m gufee ber 33orbertafeI beg 9^ationaIbenfmaIg 
 (^monumentg) auf bem 9^ieberh)alb bei ^iibeg- 
 Ifieim am di^cin ift ba^ 2kb „3)ie iCSad^t am 
 ^f)ein" eingegraben. 
 
 3Serftef)en (Sie alte ^Sorter? 
 
 ©in ^rieger trcigt ein (Sd^mert an feiner linfen 
 (Seite, 
 
 5Die iEBogen bebeutet bie ^eEen* 
 
 SSo l^aben mir bie SBettcn gelemt? 
 
 ^ie beutfc^en ^rieger merben fiir ben 9^f)ein ftrei^^ 
 ten; fie finb balder bie filter beg ©tromeg* 
 
 SSo l^aben mir ru^ig gejiabt? 
 
 i£3o l^aben mir treu gelernt? 
 
 ilBag fiir ein §a(t (sound) ift ber ^onner!)att? 
 
 iSSag fiir ein ©eflirr ift bag (Sc^mertgeflirr? 
 
 i£3ag fiir ein 'iprall (rebound) ift ber SSogenprall? 
 
 iESag fiir ein ;?anb ift ba^ 35aterlanb? 
 
 Show the onomatopoeia in this poem, i.e. the 
 formation of words to imitate the sound of 
 the thing. 
 
beginners' GERMAN 95 
 
 3efet fingen H)ir ba^ J^ieb! 
 
 giir morgen lemen ©ie eg au^tDenbtg! 
 
 NOTE 
 Give a synopsis of: 
 
 eg brauft^unb eg bonnert fe{)r; 
 i(5 fte{)e am offenen genfter. 
 
 Do intransitive verbs of posture, i.e. fl^Ctt, Ixtqtn, ftel^en, 
 usually take the auxiliary fein or l^abett? 
 
 Is verbal action or result of action expressed? 
 
 WORD FORMATION 
 
 dtu^iQ x\t, totv (bie) 9?uf)e ^at 
 9Ser ift fiungrig, burftig, fteifeig, mac^tig? 
 Collect all the adjectives ending in -\Q, and show the force 
 of the suffix. 
 
 Give the adjectives in complete sentences. 
 SSag man e[[en tann, ift ePar. 
 SBag ift trinfbar, prbar, legbar? 
 ^0 f)aben mir tounbcrbar ge()abt? 
 
 5ed?sunbbret§tgfte 2lufgabe 
 
 ® r c 8 b e n, ben 12. iD?ars 1912. 
 
 ^ieber greunb! 
 
 !Delnen augfuf)rlic^en 58rtef t)om 28. gebruar l^abe i^ emp= 
 fangen. 3(^ banfe ^tr t)ielmalg bafiir. !Damtt ^u nic^t 
 lange auf 9^ac^ricf)t su tDarten braud^ft, rt)iE i($ ^ir fofort ant:= 
 tDorten. 3(^ ft*eue mtc^ fef)r, bafe ^u ung balb mit ^einen 
 ©efc^tDiftern befuc^en tDirft. ^n ^eutfc^lanb ift eg jebenfallg 
 im SUJai am fc^dnften. 3)af)er ftngen rt)ir ^Deutfc^e auc^ in ber 
 erften @tropf)e beg Siebeg „SSanberf(^aft": 
 
96 
 
 „^cr Tlai tft gefommen, bie Saume fc^Iagen au§, 
 !I)a bleibe, iDer ^uft l^at, tntt (Sorgen ju ^au^! 
 iBie bie SSoIfen bort n)anbern am ()irrtTnlifc^en 3^It, 
 ©0 ftel^t aud^ mtr ber <Sinn in bie toeite, mitt ^tlt" 
 
 Hber im 3?uli unb Huguft l^aben toir auc& fd^one^ SSetter 
 tro^ t)ieler ^eifeen ^age, SKir merben tnit @u(^ biele gugreifen 
 in bie ilBcilber unb iBerge untemel^men, ©^ h)irb ftc^er foftlid^ 
 h)erben» iSSann tDcrbet 3^x benn eigentlid^ nad^ (Suropa ah^ 
 reifen? 
 
 9^un (ebe red^t tool)! unb laffe balb ettDaS Don ^ir Iioren, 
 ^itte, empfiel^l mid^ ^einen lieben (SItern* 3d^ toiinfd^e ©ud^ 
 
 ®lU(f unb (Segen altertnegen, 
 Seberjeit griebe, greub', 
 
 93?it ^er^Iid^en ©riifeen, aud^ an !^eine ©efd^h^ifter, berbleibe id^ 
 
 !Dein treuer greunb 
 
 gri^. 
 SBerftel^en Bit aUt^? 
 5lu^fuf)rlid^ ^ti^t lang* 
 ilBa^ bebeutet: bie ^ciunte fc^Iagen au^? 
 ©ie finb jung unb f)aben feine (Sorgen. (Bit finb 
 
 forgenfrei, 
 '^a^ f)immtifd^e 3^It ift natlirlid^ ber ^immeL 
 3n iDeld^em ^onigreid^e liegt iibrigeng ^re^ben? 
 $aben Bit nun alle^ berftanben? 
 
 Sragcn 
 
 SSann ift eg in ^eutfd^Ianb ant fd^onften? SSarum? 
 SKann finb bie fd^onften ^age? 
 mt ift eg oft im 3uli unb 5Iuguft? 
 ?emen Bit bie erfte Bivop^t beg Siebeg SSanber= 
 frfiaft augmenbig! 
 
97 
 
 (Stngen (Sie: ^er Tlai ift gefommen ufm, 
 !i?emen ®ie auc^ ben (Spruc^, ben man gnt p 
 einem ^elegramm beriuenben fann: 
 
 „®Ilt(f unb (Segen 
 Htlertoegen, 
 Sebergeit 
 griebe, greub'.'' 
 
 2t\tn ®te btefen fc^onen ^pvn^ bon ber 9D^itte, 
 ober fangen ©ie mit trgenb einer 3^tle an! 
 
 (Sc^reiben (Sie biefen unb einen ctl^nlid^en iBrief ! 
 
 SSa§ tut man mit einem ^riefe, nad^bem man il^n 
 gefc^rieben l^at? 
 
 Tlan ftedft ben iBrief in einen Umfc^Iag, fd^reibt 
 hk 5lbre[fe, flebt bie mavft auf, fc^Iiefet ben 
 ^rief unb h)irft ii)n in ben ntid^ften ^aften, 
 
 SBag fiir ein ^aften ift ba^? ^a^ ift eine iBrief^ 
 marfe? 
 
 5lbreffe: $erm Dr. Hans Schulze, Hannover, 
 Georgstrasse 38. 
 
 Change in the above letter the pronouns of 
 familiar address (which are capitalized in 
 letters) 
 
 1. into the plural, 
 
 2. into pronouns of conventional address. 
 
 3. Change the masculine into the feminine 
 
 in the salutation and in the close. 
 
 NOTE 
 
 Which case is used after banfen and antttjotttn? 
 What other verbs did we have where the dative is used as 
 single object? 
 
98 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 (SmpfaitQen, empfet)Ien, empfinben are the only three verbs 
 with the prefix emp-» 
 
 Where is the accent in Utttcmc^mcn? 
 Does it mean here to undertake or to take (hold) under? 
 The principal parts of fangcn and em^jfaitgcn are: 
 fangen ftng gefangen 
 
 cmpfangen empfing empfangen 
 
 What is the difference? 
 
 Where does the accent lie? Is emp- a part of speech? 
 
 Where is the accent in the verb abrcifcn? 
 
 Is the prefix ah- a part of speech? 
 
 Give a synopsis of bic ^iir jumac^en. 
 
 E.g. i^ mac^e bie Xixx gu, bu tnad^teft bie ^Ur gu ufh). 
 
 Is the prefix separated from the verb in the simple tenses 
 of normal order? Where is the prefix with simple verb in 
 dependent clauses? 
 
 How is the past participle formed? (gugcmac^tO 
 
 What case do prepositions compounded with of take in 
 German? 
 
 E.g. trofe be^ f)sl6en XaQt^, in spite of . . . 
 
 iDegen beS ()ei6en Xage^, on account of . . . 
 
 Siebenunbbret^igfte 2lufgabe 
 
 ^cr treuc ^unb 
 
 (Sin ^auftnann l^atte einen §unb, ber fel^r iDac^fam unb treu 
 toav. (Sinft ritt ber .^aufmann t)on einem ^avtk, h)o er t)iet 
 @elb eingenommen l^atte, nac^ §aufe. (Sein @elb l^attc er in 
 einem SJ^antelfad ()inter ftc^ auf ba6 ^ferb gefc^naltt, ^er 
 §nnb marfc^terte neben i^m f)er. 9^ac^ unb nad^ aber tcurben 
 bie D^temen lofe, ntit benen ber Tlantti\ad angebunben tdav, 
 unb biefer ftel f)erab, of)ne ha^ e^ ber ^aufmann bemerfte. 
 
BEGINNERS GERMAN 99 
 
 ^er §unb aber l^atte eg gefe^en unb fing an gu mmfetn. ^er 
 ^aufmann fel^rtc ftc^ ntd^t barati. 1)a ber ^unb nun immer 
 cirger Bellte, fd^Iug tl^n fein §err einlgemal mit ber "i]3eitf(^e» 
 2l6er ber treue ^unb f)orte ntd^t auf, (Sr fprang an bag ^ipferb 
 unb s^rbife t^m faft bie gilfee, bafe eg nic^t metterge^en follte, 
 unb ber ©d^aum ftanb i^nt bor ber (Sc^nauge. 9^un bad^te ber 
 ^aufmann, fein §unb fel toK gemorben* (Sr fc^ofe ifin mlt 
 feiner ^iftole nieber unb ritt ineiter. 2llg er noc^ eine ©trede 
 geritten tnar, fii^Ite er f)inter ftc§ unb erf(^raf, alg er feinen 
 9D?antelfacf bemttfete. 9^un ritt er suriid unb fa^ ilberall iBIut 
 bon feinem §unbe, ©nbltc^ fam er baf)in, too if)m ber ©elb- 
 facf entfalten mar, ^a lag fein treuer §unb neben bem ©acfe, 
 @r mebelte mit bem ^Sd^tnanse, ledte feinem §errn bie §anb 
 unb — ftarb, 
 
 gragen 
 
 ^a^ filr einen §unb Ifiatte ber ^aufmann? 
 
 3eigte ber §unb 2reue? 
 
 (Sr l^atte einen felfir — unb — §unb. 
 
 ilBo f)atte ber ^aufmann biel @elb eingenom= 
 
 men? 
 5Bar er p gufe ober p 'iPferbe? 
 SSann ritt er nac^ ^aufe? 
 SSo 'i)atk ber ^aufmann fein ©elb? 
 iESag gefd^al) mit ben ^^iemen, bie ben 9}?antelfac^ 
 
 Iflierten? 
 ^emerfte ber .^aufmann ben 53erluft? 
 SSufete er, ba^ er fein ®elb berloren {)atte? 
 ©elang eg bem §unbe, feinen §erm aufmerffam 
 
 gu madden? 
 iSSoburd^ tDotlte jener biefen aufmerffam madden? 
 
lOO beginners' GERMAN 
 
 SSomit fc^IuQ ber ^aufmann felnen treuen §unb? 
 SBem gel^orte ber treue §unb? 
 iCSag tat ber §unb mit bent "ipferbc? SBarum? 
 SBar ber §unb toE getnorben? 
 iBarf ber ^aufmann einen ©tein na(^ bem §unbe? 
 ifiSomlt inurbe ber ^unb niebergefc^o[fen? 
 iSBann bermifete ber ^oufmann fein ®elb? 
 5C3a^ tat er, unb ma^ faf) er? 
 SKie fanb er f einen treuen ^unb? 
 3ft etn §unb nid^t oft treuer aU mand^e Tltn^ 
 fd^en? 
 
 SBieber]()oIen ^k bie ganje ©efc^id^te! 
 !2efen ©ie ha^ etild ! 
 ©c^retben ®ie bie fur^e ^rsdfilung nieber! 
 Change the text by using the perfect tense. 
 Change subordinate clauses into coordinate 
 ones, and vice versa. 
 
 E.g. Unb biefer fte( ^evab, o^nt ba^ eg ber ^aufmann 
 bemerfte becomes: fo bag biefer l^erabfiel, aber 
 ber ^anfmann bemerfte e^ nid^t. 
 
 NOTE 
 
 Does the German use the possessive adjective with nouns 
 denoting parts of the body or of clothing? Illustrate. 
 
 Where is the accent in tnarfd)tcrtc, marfc^tert? 
 
 Where in bcmerltc, cntfict, crfc^raf, gcprte, tjermifitc, serbtft? 
 
 Do verbs with unaccented first syllable take the augment 
 ge- in the past participle? 
 
 Are these six unaccented prefixes parts of speech 
 
 be- cnt- cr- 
 gc- t)er- set-? 
 
BEGINNERS GERMAIN TOT 
 
 Give the principal parts of the above six inseparable (un* 
 
 trennbar) compound verbs. 
 
 What is the force of cnt- and of jcr-? Illustrate. 
 The principal parts of the following verb are: 
 
 cmne]()men, ttaf)m ein, eingenommen; or better: 
 
 er nimmt ein, er na^im ein, er h)lrb einne()men, er l&at cingc* 
 nommen. 
 
 Give in the same way, orally and in writing: 
 anbinben — — — 
 
 er fallt l^erab, er fiel l^erab, er Xoxxh Jerabfallen, er ift fierabgefaHen 
 auff)dren — — — 
 
 h)eiterge{)en — — — 
 
 tiieberfc^iefeen — — — 
 
 burc^reiten — — — 
 
 Where is the accent in these verbs? 
 
 Are these prefixes parts of speech? What parts of speech? 
 
 Are there in English also separable verbs? Illustrate. 
 
 Where is the accent in iifierfe^en meaning to translate? 
 
 Where is the accent in untemel^men meaning to under- 
 take? 
 
 Where is the accent in ttJteberl^oIcn meaning to repeat? 
 
 Are compound verbs in a figurative sense treated like in- 
 separable compound verbs? 
 
 Are compound verbs in a literal sense treated like separable 
 compound verbs, as they should be? 
 
 Does not the same difference exist in English with vari- 
 able prefixes? 
 
 Compare, e.g., to undertake with to take under (down), 
 
 untemel^men (()er)unteme]^men 
 
 untema{)Tn na()m (^er)unter 
 
 untemommen (^er)unter0enoinTnen 
 
 Illustrate in sentences the variable prefixes: burt^, uhtt, 
 unttx, urn unb tt>tebcr (I)iitter). 
 
W •':»'••*:: t beginners' german 
 
 E.g. 
 
 In bur(5Iaufen, iiberfel^cn, untemef)men, umgel^en, tDieberl^oIen. 
 
 Observe the difference: 
 
 2)er ^aufmann Derlor fein &dh, o{)Tie e« gu toiffen; but 
 
 ber ^aufmann Derlor fein ®elb, o^nc bafe e^ ber §unb toufetel 
 
 What is the reason for this? 
 
 Give similar illustrations. 
 
 2ldjtunbbrei§tgfte 2tufgabe 
 
 ^cr ^unb mit htm glcifrfie 
 
 @tn §unb l^atte ein ©tiirf gleifc^ Gefto!)Ien unb Itef batntt 
 liber etnen fd^malen ©teg* S'n bem flaren SSaffer fal^ er fein 
 ^ilb nnb metnte, ha^ e^ ein anberer §unb fei, ber aud^ ein 
 ®tu(f gleifd^ im SD^auIe l^abe, (gr gebad^te e^ il^m gu nel^men, 
 unb fo fd^nappte er gierig banac^, !Da entftel ii)m ba^ Sleifd^, 
 ha^ er l^atte, unb ba^ anbere, ba^ er l^aben toottte, inar aud& 
 tjerfd^tDunben, 
 
 Semanb, ber ettca^ fttelfilt, ift ein !Dteb, 
 
 ©in ©teg ift ein ilSeg, ber oft iiber SSaffer flil^rt 
 
 $unbe unb al(e ^tere ^ahtn ein Tlaul; fie 
 
 freffen* 
 SSa^ ^aben bie SD^enfd^en? greffen fie? 
 2Bag ift gierig? 
 ^erftel^en <Sie je^t bie einfod^e, tnoralifd^e (^viaf)- 
 
 lung? 
 
 S?ragen 
 
 iE3ag l^atte ber §unb geftol^len? 
 iE3a^ tat er barauf ? 
 
 SBorliber lief ber §unb mit bent geftol^Ienen 
 gletfc^e? 
 
beginners' GERMAN IO3 
 
 SKa§ tvhMtt er in bem flaren SSaffer? 
 
 ^0 faS er fein SBitb? 
 
 3Ba^ glaubte ober meinte er? 
 
 SBa^ tooltte ber ^unb bem anbern §unbe nel^men? 
 
 Hub toa^ tat er ba^er? 
 
 ilBarf ber §unb fein ©tild gleifc^ meg, ober entfiel 
 
 e^ U)m? 
 58efam er ba6 siDeite @tii(f gletfc^? 
 ^atte ber §unb fein (Stiicf gleifd^ berloren, tx)enn 
 
 er nid^t fo gierig getDefen tocire? 
 SBa^ lemen H)ir an^ biefer fleinen ®efd^i(^te? 
 
 (Sr^ctl^Ien ©ie bie fteine 2:ierfabel! 
 !Oefen @ie biefelbe! 
 
 Unb n)ieberf)olen (Bit biefelbe fd^riftlid^! 
 ©d^reiben ©ie bie ©efc^id^te nod^ einmal 
 
 L int "ipiural be^ ^erfeft^, 
 
 2, int *iprafen^. 
 (gr gebad^te e^ il^m gn nefimen, ift ba^felbe h)ic: 
 
 er befd^Iog, bafe er e^ il^nt nef)nten tdolk. 
 
 
 NOTE 
 
 
 Subjunctive 
 
 (^onjunftit)) 
 
 PRESENT 
 
 
 
 PRETERIT 
 
 ic^ ^aht 
 
 
 
 ic^ mt^ 
 
 bu ^abcft 
 
 
 
 bu f)atteft 
 
 er (fie, e^) ^abc 
 
 
 
 er (fie, e^) f)atte 
 
 tt)ir {)aben 
 
 
 
 h3ir l)atten 
 
 i()r fiabet 
 
 
 
 if)r Uttd 
 
 fie f)aben 
 
 
 
 fie ()atten 
 
 What vowel figures in every ending of every subjunctive 
 form, with the exception of 16) (er) fei? 
 
104 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 Are the subjunctive forms, used in the story, employed in 
 direct speech? 
 
 If not, change the indirect discourse into direct statements. 
 
 Is there a so-called sequence of tenses, or is the same 
 tense used in indirect discourse which was, or would be, 
 used in direct speech? 
 
 Is the stem-vowel of the present subjunctive modified? 
 
 How about the preterit subjunctive? Of all verbs? 
 
 Conjugate in full, changing the direct speech into indirect 
 speech: 
 
 S)er Sel^rer fagte: (idfi bin faul) 
 
 bu bift faul ufh). 
 
 E.g. 
 ^er !2ef)rer fagte, bafe td^ faul fet (tnare) ober x6) fet faul, 
 hd^ bu faul fe{(e)ft (mareft) ufh). 
 
 Also change the direct question into indirect question: 
 SOIein SSater fragtc tnid^: §aft bu beine ^ufgabe gemad^t? 
 
 l)at er feine ^ufgabe gemac^t? ufn)» 
 
 Mtxn 33atcr fragte tnid^, ob \6) meine Hufgabe fiemad^t l^tttte 
 
 bein 33ater fragte bic^, ob bu beine Hufgabe gemac^t l)abeft 
 ftatteft), etc. 
 
 Generally in the subjunctive those forms are used that difer 
 from the respective indicative forms. 
 
 What is the conventional form of the imperative in reality, 
 e.g. felen Ste aufnterffam? 
 
 Is there any imperative in the third person? 
 
BEGINNERS GERMAN IO5 
 
 Iteununbbret^igfte 2Iufgabe 
 Xtxl eine^ S3riefe^ tJon ©oct^e an ©(fitter in ^tna 
 
 SScimar, ben 4. (September 1794. 
 
 92ac$ftc SSo(5e qei)i ber §of nad^ (Sifenad^, unb tc^ merbe 14 
 ^age fo allein unb unabl^cingig fein, trie td^ fo balb nid^t tt)ieber 
 t)or mir fel^e. iSSollten (Sie mtd^ nid^t in biefer 3^it befud^en, 
 Bei mir n)of)nen unb bleiben? ®ic n)iirben jebe 5(rt t)on Hrbeit 
 rul^ig borne^men !onnen. SSir befprcid^en un^ in bequemen 
 ©tumben, fallen greunbe, bie un^ ant dl)nlid^ften gefinnt Mvtn, 
 unb miirben nid^t ol^ne 5^u^en fd^eibcn, ®ie foKten gang nad& 
 3f)rer 5lrt unb SSeife leben unb ftd^ toie gu §aufe moglid^ft ein:= 
 rid^ten* !Daburd§ iDlirbe id^ in ben (gtanb gefe^t, 3f)nen t)on 
 meinen (Sammlungen ba^ SSid^tigfte gu geigen, unb mefirere 
 gctben tDiirben fid^ strifd^en un^ anfniipfen. iBom 14. an 
 loUrben (Sic ntid^ gu 3^rer ^lufnal^me bereit finben. 
 
 ^i^ bal^in Derfpare id^ fo mand^e^, bag id^ gu fagen l^abe, unb 
 tDiinfcfie inbeffen red^t tDol^I gu leben. 
 
 Seben (Sie red^t h)o!)l, unb griifeen (Sie bie 3f)rigen. 
 
 ©octl^c. 
 
 33ierse!)n ^age finb giuei SSo(^en, aber „ad^t 2^age" 
 ift im ^eutfd^en ba^felbe h)ie eine iBodie. ^ar= 
 -urn? 
 
 ©cfinnt ift ein 5lb}eftib t»on bcr ©inn. iBag finb 
 iebod^ bie ©runbformen bon finnen? 
 
 SSag nic^t of)ne 9^u^en ift, ift nil^Iid^. 
 
 SSa§ of)ne 9lul^en ift, ift nu^lo^. 
 
 Sffiag ift enblog, finnlo^? 
 
 5116 ©oet^e biefen ^rief an ©chiller fd^rieb, inar 
 biefer ^rofeffor an ber Uniberfitat Sena. 
 
I06 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 ®octf)e tear in ber 9^af)e, am $ofe beS gM^cn 
 
 ^arl 5luguft in ^eimax. 
 ^eigen <^k S^na unb iSSeimar auf ber Cartel 
 SBie alt toavm ©oetl^e nnb ©driller im 3o.f)xc 
 
 1794? 
 
 gragcn 
 
 SSe^tDegen toottte ®oet]()e, bag (Sd^ittcr il^n bom 
 
 14, U^ 27» (September beMen folte? 
 SBo fotlte Sd^ilter iDol^nen unb bleiben? 
 iESag tooaten fie tun? 
 
 SBa^ it)oIlte ©oetl^e feinem greunbe seigen? 
 ilBarum fc^rieb er nid^t mel^r? 
 SSlinfd^te ©oetl^e, ha^ ©driller fame? 
 
 iEBieberl^oIen ©ie hm ganjen ^rief ! 
 
 !2efen (Sie il^n! 
 
 3e^t h)erbe id^ il^n ^l^nen biftieren! 
 
 (Sd^reiben ®ie einen cif)ntid^en ^rief ! 
 
 Rewrite the letter from SSoKten Sic to citi* 
 ric^ten substituting hJiirben for every sub- 
 junctive. 
 
 Rewrite the letter using the familiar form 
 of address. 
 
 Rewrite the letter omitting all subjunctives. 
 
 NOTE 
 
 What is the force of the subjunctives tOoUttn, BefprSd^etl, 
 fa^cn, fottten? 
 
 Is the stem-vowel (a, o, u) of the preterit subjunctive 
 modified in the strong verbs? 
 
 How about the weak verbs? 
 
 If not, do not the preterit forms of the indicative and 
 subjunctive of regular weak verbs coincide? 
 
beginners' GERMAN IO7 
 
 What is the force of the subjunctive gcfinnt ttjatcn? 
 
 What does the subjunctive id^ njiinfc^te, bafe er fame, ex- 
 press? 
 
 Does the subjunctive state facts or ideas? 
 
 Give illustrations, orally and in writing, in which the 
 subjunctive expresses : 
 
 1. an ideal condition, 
 
 2. possibility, 
 
 3. wish or exhortation, 
 
 4. indirect statement or indirect question. 
 SSa^ tDilrben ©ie tun, rt>enn (Sie ()eute frei ()atten? 
 3c^ Mrbe [pasieren gef)en, tioenn id) f)eute frei f)(itte; 
 
 bu iDiirbeft fpajteren 9e()en, njenn bu l^eute fret ()atteft uftt). 
 
 Conjugate this in full, then: 
 
 SSenn ic^ f)eute frei ^attt, milrbe i(^ auSgel^ien; 
 and finally: 
 
 §(itte i($ f)eute frei, fo tuiirbe ic^ au^gef)en. 
 
 Take the same sentence in the three formations, and con- 
 jugate it in the compound tenses. 
 
 E.g. 
 
 3(^ JDiirbe fpajieren gegangen fein, toenn i^ frei Qti)aht ficttte ufrt). 
 
 Pierjigfte 2lufgabe 
 ^ic ©cftutcn 
 
 ^ie (B(^ukn ftnb offentlic^e ©ebaube. ^te @tabt l^at fte 
 fiir bte 3ugenb bauen laffen. 3)ie (Sc^iiler unb (Sd^iilertnnen 
 fonnen unb follen etmag barin lernen. 5IIIe ^Inber miiffen mtt 
 6 3ai)Xtu in bte (Sc^ule gef)en. 3ebe6 ^inb mufe bie ©ci^ule 8 
 ^cil^re befuc^en. ^ter iDirb e^ tm ^efen, ©dfireiben, 9?ec^nen 
 uftt). unterrtd^tet. Sluc^ mlE bie ©c^ule f)elfen, ba^ ^tnb gu 
 einem orbentllc^en 9D?enfd^en gu erste!)en. 
 
I08 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 3n ben 35oIf§f(^uten luirb bag gelel^rt, irag jeber Tltn\d) tm 
 iOeben njiffen nxufe. 
 
 3n ben ]f)oI}eren ©c^ulen folten bte ^inber nod^ mel^r lemen. 
 3ebe6 ^inb ntufe eine ^Solf^fd^ule befuc^en, menn eg in feme 
 anbere ®c^ule gelfit. ©g gtbt auc^ ^rbatfd^ulen, ble man be- 
 fnc^en barf ober mag, T)k l^oc^fte ©d^ule ift bte ©oc^fdjnle 
 ober bie Uniderftttit. ^ie (Sd^iiler ber llnit)erfttaten f)ei6en 
 ©tubenten, 2luf ber Unberfitcit ftnbieren bie jungen J^ente, 
 tt)elc§e $Rid^ter, Srgte, ^farrer ober 2t^vtv tDerben lt)oIIen» 
 
 Sragcn 
 
 SBag fiir ©ebaube (^anfer) finb bie (Sd^ulen? 
 
 gur njen ^at bie (Stabt fie gebaut? 
 
 giir it)en {)at bie (Stabt fie bauen laffen? 
 
 9}?iiffen alle ^inber in bk ©(^u(e ge]()en? 
 
 iSBie range? 
 
 SSag lernen fie in ber ^d^ule? 
 
 iBiffen ®ie, irag bie 8(^nle anc§ nod& toiU? 
 
 53Ko lernt man biel? 
 
 3^n n)el(^en (Sd^ulen lemt man mel^r? 
 
 Unb IDO lernt man am meiften? 
 
 ©ibt eg anc^ ^ribatfc^nlen? 
 
 ^arf man biefe befnc^en? 
 
 iBag fttr Seute ftnbieren auf ben Uniberfitciten? 
 
 9^ennen ©ie einige grofee amerifanifd^e Unit)erfi=^ 
 
 taten! 
 ^ennen (Sie aud^ bie 9^amen bon einigen ber 21 
 
 beutfc^en Uniberfitciten? 
 ^ie fiol^eren ©d^ulen njerben in Hmerifa high 
 
 schools genannt. 
 3ft eine amerifanif($e high school bagfelbe trie 
 
 eine bentfc^e §o(^f(^nle? ilBarum nid^t? 
 
BEGINNERS GERMAN lOQ 
 
 ©agen (Ste nun, mag @ie liber bte ©c^ulen toiffen! 
 ^efen (Sie ben furgen 5luffafe bartiber in 3lE)t*em 
 
 iBnd^e!. 
 (Sd^relben <Sie ettca^ barilber, unb nennen <Stc 
 
 etnige 33oIfgf(^ulen, high schools unb Unt* 
 
 Derfttaten, — ^efd^reiben <Sie auc^ bie Sage ber= 
 
 felben! 
 
 NOTE 
 What is the difference between toiffcn, fctinen, and fijnnctl? 
 
 E.g. 
 
 SSiffen ©ie, n)a§ ©ie in ber ©c^ute tun ntiiffen? 
 Nennen ©ie alle 2t^xtx unb !2el)rerinnen 3^rer @($ule? 
 ^onnen @ie [c^on ein menig 3Deut[c^ fpredden? Give three 
 illustrations of your own. 
 
 MODAL AUXILIARIES 
 
 fonnen bUrfen follen 
 
 mogcn miiffen tuoKen 
 
 PRESENT INDICATIVE 
 
 1(5 !ann x^ mag ic^ barf ic^ mufe i^ foil tc§ tt)iU 
 bu fannft — — — — — 
 
 er !ann er mag er barf er mufe er foH er tuitt 
 iuir fonnen mir mogen h)ir biirfen txiir miiffen irir folten tcir tooEen 
 xi)v fount — — — — — 
 
 fie fonnen — — — — — 
 
 How is the singular present of modal auxiliaries formed? 
 Like which tense of the strong verbs? 
 Can you conjugate the modal auxiliaries in English? In 
 German? 
 
 Could they be called defective in English? 
 
no BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 What are the English equivalents for: 
 
 fonnen (ic^) fonnte gcfonnt 
 
 inogen moc^tc gemod^t 
 
 biirfen burftc geburft 
 
 Tniiffen mufetc gemufet 
 
 fotten folltc gefottt 
 
 hjollcn h)oEtc getDottt 
 
 Is there an Umlaut in the preterit and past participle? 
 
 How about the preterit subjunctive? 
 
 What do the following expressions mean in English? 
 
 1. 3d& fann nidjt^ bafiir, 
 
 2, SDu tnod^teft e« tt)o^I tciffen? 
 3» !5)arf i^ (Sie barum bitten? 
 
 4. @r mu6 {)eute fort nac§ 2)eutf(i^lanb» 
 
 5. 2Sa^ foil bag? 
 
 6. @te foH fel^r rct(5 getDefen fem» 
 
 7. SBag h)olkn ©ie bamit fagen? 
 
 8. a^ fel bent, h)ie if)m hjolte. 
 
 9. (Sr toeig nid^t, n3a§ er toitL 
 
 SBo {)aben toir ttJai^ foil t§ unb cr njcife ntc^t, tt)a§ cr luitt ge{)abt? 
 Rewrite the piece by changing every singular into the 
 plural and vice versa. 
 
 (Einunbt>ter3tgfte 2lufgabe 
 (BU mxi SScite 
 
 (S^ gtng auf ben Hbenb su, !Da tarn ein frember 9D?ann auf 
 ber !2anbftra6e f)ergefaf)ren, ber mufete grofee @ile l^aben, benn 
 er I)ieb auf feine "iPferbe, bafe fie laufen tnufeten, mti)v al^ fie 
 mod^ten. Unb bem SSagen tat'g aud^ ntd^t gut; benn ber SSeg 
 niar fteinig unb uneben* 511^ aber ber SD^ann einen SSanberer 
 einliolte, ber gu gu^ einl^ergtng, f)telt er etJDa^ an unb rief: 
 „®uter greunb, faun ic^ n)o{)( nod^ in bie ^taht fommen, e^e 
 
beginners' GERMAN III 
 
 c^ 9^a(^t tioivh?" — ^er iBanbcr^mann fa§ bte fexid^enben 
 ^ferbe an unb ben SSagen unb ben SSeg unb fagte: „3a, iDenn 
 3^r langfanter fal^ret. 3c^ ^tlt ttud^ noc^ bal^in," 3)a bad^te 
 ber anbere: „^ag ift ein reciter ^avvl 3e fc^neller, befto ef)er!" 
 unb rannte mit fetnem ifiSagen hjeiter bem gufeganger borau^, 
 5(1^ aber biefer feine^ ©d^ritte^ eine ©tunbe iDeiter gegangen 
 unb e^ fd^on siemltd^ bunfel tioav, \ai) er eine ^utfd^e am SBege 
 Itegen. 3)te ^utfd^e tarn ii)m befannt t)or, unb ben 9}2ann, ber 
 baneben ftanb unb auf feme amten ^ferbe unb auf ben fd^Ied^ten 
 SBagen fd^tmpfte, erfannte er auc^ mieber* „®uter greunb/' 
 fprac^ er, „i(i) l^ab'^ dufi) h)o]^r gefagt, 36^^ pttet langfamer 
 fal^ren folten, 3§r burftet nid^t fo fd^nell faf)ren. 3^ mufe 
 @ud^ nun elnen iCSagen l^erau^fenben, toenn id) in bte ©tabt 
 fontme/' 
 
 H(^ ber Jufegcinger am folgenben Tlov^tn tm ©aftl^aufe, h)o 
 er gefd^Iafen l^atte, auftDad^te unb jum genfter l^inau^fal^, fam 
 langfam unb lal^m ein iSSagen bafier, ^en fannte ber iSSan- 
 bergmann, unb e^ taten if)m nur bie ^ferbe leib, bie Uber 9^ad^t 
 nid^t^ gefreffen l^atten, 
 
 me iiberfefeen ®ie „©ile mit SBeile"? 
 
 ^emanb, ber @ile ^at, ift eilig* 
 
 @in ^eg, ber ©teine l^at, ift — ? 
 
 ^it iiberfe^en @ie: t^ tut tntr and) ntciftt leib? 
 
 iSSa^ tut ein ^anberer? 
 
 ^0 l^aben tdiv ttianbcnt gelemt? 
 
 ^a^ fiir ein SD^ann ift ein gufeganger? 
 
 ®inb ber SSagen unb bie ^utfcfte ba^felbe? 
 
 Ba^ tut ein SSagner? 
 
 ^0 f)aben mir e^ bunfelt gel^abt? 
 
112 
 
 gragcn 
 
 SBar eg fci^on 5lbenb,ober ttymhe e« erft Hbenb? 
 
 SBer fam auf ber ^Oatibftrafee gefaf)ren? 
 
 2Bag tat ber 3[)^ann? SSarum? 
 
 iBar ber ilSeg fteinlo^ unb eben? 
 
 ilBeTi traf ber frembe S^iann? 
 
 iEBar biefer gu ^ferbe? 
 
 SBanntDoIIte ber SD^ann in bag nSd^fte^orf fomtnen? 
 
 SKoKte ber iSSanbergmann aud^ nod^ bal^ln? 
 
 SKag fagte er? 
 
 ilBte lautete bie 5lnttt)ort beg gufirmanng? 
 
 ilSartete ber 9[)?ann auf ben iSSanberer? 
 
 gul^r jener balb ah? 
 
 3)unfelte eg fc^on, atg ber SBanberer etne ^utfd^c 
 
 im SSege liegen fal^? 
 ^annte er ben iCSagen unb ben ^ann? 
 SSag tat biefer? 
 SSar er somtg? SKarunt? 
 SSen mugte ber SSanberer pm gul^mxann fenben? 
 SSann unb tiok tarn ber iESagen enblic^ an? 
 SBarum taten bem gufe ganger bk ^ferbe leib?. 
 3ft eg ber TM)t toert, ftd^ gu fel)r su beellen? 
 ^o^nt eg ftc^? 
 
 @rsaf)(en (Ste bie gan^e ®efc^i(^te! 
 ^efen ®ie biefelbe laut bor! 
 ©c^reiben (Sie je^t eine 5(rbeit bariiber! 
 (gr^al^Ien <Bk hk ®ef(^i(^te guerft alg gufjmxann, 
 bann alg ilBanberer! 
 
 NOTE 
 
 How is the present participle formed? 
 How is it declined? 
 
"3 
 
 Illustrate. 
 
 Note: id) treife, bu njeifet, er meig, njir n)iffen, etc. 
 h)iffen, mufete, getcufet. 
 
 Give the principal parts of ttJtffcn in sentences. 
 Is there any similarity between the conjugation of xtfy todft 
 and some other verbs? 
 
 Is there any difference between: 
 
 ficfien ©ic ^in, and 
 
 fommen ©ie l^cr? What is it? 
 
 How do you distinguish between the conjunctions toatttt, 
 totnn, aU? Illustrate. 
 
 Are verbs of motion always expressed after modal aux- 
 iliary verbs? Illustrate. 
 
 A'hy are 
 
 
 
 fennen 
 
 Brcnncn 
 
 fenben 
 
 nennen 
 
 rennen 
 
 hjenben 
 
 bringen, hxa^tt, gebrac^t 
 benfen, ba(i)U, gebad^t 
 
 irregular weak verbs? Why are they sometimes called 
 mixed verbs? 
 
 Give their principal parts in sentences. 
 
 Note the difference between: 
 
 t(^ l^atte e^ gcfottt, and 
 ic^ l^cttte eg tun foKen. 
 
 Illustrate the use of the two past participles of all aux- 
 iliary verbs of mood by original sentences. 
 
 Give the synopsis of all modal auxiliaries as follows: 
 
 t(^ barf meinen ^^reutib beWen, 
 
 bu bur[te[t beinen i^reuub beMen, 
 
 er tDirb [einen i^reunb be[ud}en biirfen, 
 
 toiv bciben unfere ^^reunbe be[ucf)en biirfen, 
 
 ibr bctttet eure ^reunbe be[ud)en biirfeu, 
 
 [ie tBiirben ibre greunbe t^ahtn befud)en biirfen. 
 
114 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 Change the direct questions or statements in this story 
 into indirect ones. 
 
 Rewrite the whole story by changing the preterit: 
 
 1. into the perfect tense, 
 
 2. into the present. 
 
 grt)eiunbr>kr3tgfte ^lufgabe 
 ^tci Srcutibe 
 
 ©in Tlann \)attc bret greunbe; gtt)ei Don il^nen Itebte er fel^r; 
 ber britte iDar U)m gleld^gilltig, obh)of)I biefer e^ am ef)rltd§ften 
 tnit ii)m meinte. (Stne^ ^ageg Inurbe er t)or ©erid^t geforbert, 
 too er unfd^ulbig, aber l^art berflagt toar* „SSer ixnter euc^/' 
 fprad^ er, „tr)tll tnit mir gel^en unb filr mid^ geugen? ^enn td^ 
 bin f)art t)ernagt toorben." ^er erfte feiner greunbe entf(^ul= 
 bigte ftc^ fogleid^, ba^ er toegen anberer ©efd^cifte nid^t mit U)m 
 gel^en fonne, ^er atoeite begleitete ii)n bi^ ^ux ZVix be^ dli^U 
 l^aufeg; ba fel^rte er um unb ging au^ gurd^t t)or bent somigen 
 D^id^ter priidf, !Der britte, auf ben er am toentgften gebant 
 l^atte, ging f)inein, rebete fiir U)n unb s^^Qte fo freubig bon 
 feiner Unfd^ulb, bag ber Tlann bom ^id^ter freigefprod^en 
 tourbe, 
 
 ^rei greunbe l^at ber Tltn\d) in biefer SSelt. SKie betragen 
 fie ftd^ in ber (Stunbe be^ 3;:obe^, toenn ii)n ®ott bor ©erid^t 
 forbert? ^a^ ©elb, fein befter greunb, berlafet i^n guerft unb 
 gel^t nid^t mit if)m, @eine 33ern)anbten unb greunbe begteiten 
 tl^n bi^ gur Xixv be^ ©rabe^ unb fel^ren toieber in t^ire ^ciufer, 
 !Der britte, ben er im ?eben oft am meiften bergafe, finb feine 
 tbol^Itcitigen SSerfe» 'Bit allein begleiten if)n bi^ gum ^^l^rone 
 be^ 9^td^terg; fie ge^en boran, fpred^en filr xi)n unb finben 
 ^arml^ersigfeit unb ©nabe* 
 
 9lod^3. ®. Berber. 
 
beginners' GERMAN II5 
 
 5£Sa^ tut ein ^id^ter tm ®ert($t? 
 
 3c«gcn l^eifet fiir ober gegen jemanben fpred^en, 
 
 3emanb, ber ©c^ulb l^at, tft fd^ulbig* 
 
 (gtner, ber feme ©d^ulb f)at, tft — ♦ 
 
 ^a^ tut ein ©c^ulbiger? (Sr — ftc§, 
 
 ilSorum bittet eiu (Sc^ulbtger? ^r bittet um — 
 
 ober um 53 — ♦ 
 Sa^ fiir ein Tlann ift ein somlger $D^ann? 3iinxt 
 
 er? 
 2Ser greube l^at, tft — , 
 ilSer feme greube Ifiat, ift — ♦ 
 SKa^ tut ein freubiger Wm\(^? dv — fi(^» 
 
 Sragen 
 
 SBie Diele greunbe l^atte ein Tlann? 
 
 ^atU er atle gleid^ gem? 
 
 §atte er gtuei t)on i^nen fteber al6 ben britten? 
 
 Ober Ifiatte er ben britten om liebftcn? 
 
 SSie ftanb er gum britten? 
 
 SBer iDar ber el^rlid^fte unter feinen greunben? 
 
 ifiSann iDurbe ber ^ann bor ©eric^t gerufen? 
 
 ilBe^^alb? 
 
 iBorum bat er feine greunbe? 
 
 iSSomit entfc^ulbigte fic^ ber erfte greunb? 
 
 SSSie meit ging ber gtDeite mit? 
 
 ^e^lnegen inanbte er fic^? 
 
 SSa^ tat ber britte greunb, ber U)m am gleid^^ 
 
 glittigften mr? 
 iSSer fprad^ ben Tlann frei? 
 55 on itiem ttjurbe er freigefprod^en? 
 5Ber finb bie brei greunbe, bie tt)ir Ifiaben? 
 
Il6 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 SBle bel^anbelt ber erfte greunb ben SD^cnfc^en in 
 
 ber 3:obe^ftunbe? 
 ©el^en bie ^todUn greunbe big gur ©rabe^tiir mit? 
 iSBie l^eifet ber britte greunb beg 9}?enfd^en? 
 Solgt il^m biefer big sum 9^i($tert]^ron? 
 ilBag txtdixtt er filr ben 9[)?enf(^en? 
 
 (^x^ai)Un <Sie bie gan^e gabel! 
 :2efen ©ie ba^ ©tlic!! 
 (Sc^reiben ^k eg! 
 
 NOTE 
 
 Supply the missing relative pronoun in: 
 @in Warm, — greunbe U)n liebten, h)urbe eineg 3::ageg \)txtla^t 
 What is the difference in the use of cases between: 
 einc)^ XaQt§ and jcbcn Xaq? 
 
 PASSIVE 
 
 Present — i(^ toerbe feineth)egen berflagt. 
 
 Preterit — bu h)urbeft [einettoegen berflagt. 
 
 Future — er h)irb [einetn3eGen DerHagt njerben. 
 
 Perfect — rt)tr finb feinettDegen Derflagt hjorben. 
 
 Pluperfect — ii)x tr)art feinettnegen berflagt tcorben. 
 
 Perf. Cond. — fie tniirben feinettnegen t)erftagt toorben fein. 
 
 What is the auxiliary in the formation of the true passive 
 voice of action? 
 
 Is there a so-called passive of description or condition, 
 where the past participle has adjective force? 
 
 E.g. 
 er iDurbe berflagt = he was being accused, but 
 er it)ar Derflagt = he was accused (an accused person, he 
 had been accused). 
 
BEGINNERS^ GERMAN 1 1*7 
 
 Distinguish similarly between: 
 
 S)ie 3:uren tDerben ge[c^Io[[en (geoffnet), and 
 bie 3:uren finb gefc^loffen (geof[net)» 
 
 How is the English "by" in connection with the passive 
 rendered in German? Illustrate. 
 
 Change in the last paragraph, as far as possible, the active 
 into the passive, both orally and in writing. 
 
 Change the direct speech of the man into indirect dis- 
 course, and the indirect speech of the first friend into direct 
 speech. 
 
 I)reiunbr>ter3igftc Jlufgabe 
 
 ^ic i^ij^crcn ©cftuleit ^eutfij^lanb^ 
 
 !Die f)o^txtn ^nabenfc^ulen be« ^eutfd^en D^eic^cg s^rfallen 
 in ©ijmnaften, D^ealgt^mnaften unb Dberrealfd^ulen. Wit biefe 
 5lnftalten f)aben einen neunjal^rigen ^urfu^. ^ie (Schiller ber 
 erften Slnftalt l^eifeen ©t^mnaftaften, bie ber smeiten: S^ealgtim- 
 nafiaften, unb bie ber britten 2lnftalt: Dberrealfdjliler. ^te 
 ^laffen in alien brei (Sc^ulen fieifeen t)on unten auf: @ejta, 
 Ouinta, Ouarta, Untertertia, Obertertia, Unterfefunba, 
 Oberfefunba, Unterprima unb Oberprima. 9^a(f) beftanbener 
 Unterfefunba ober nac^ fe($g Saftt^en er!)alten bie jungen Seute 
 bag (SiniaJrtg^greitDillige^^sitQ^^^ l^^ SLTtilitarbienft. 5^ac{) 
 beftanbenem enbgliltigen (Seamen trirb ber Dberprtmaner 5lbi* 
 turient unb mufe gu alien llnlt)erfttat§ftubien an alien 21 
 beutfc^en llnlt)erfttaten unb an hm 11 tec5nlfd)en ^^od^fd^ulen 
 jugelaffen nierben. Qn alien l)ol)eren Sel)ranftalten n)erben 
 ^eutfd), ^mat^ematif, 9f^aturh)tffenf(^aften, ©efc^ic^te, (grb^ 
 funbe, Religion, 3^t^tien, ©ingen unb STurnen gelel)rt. ^te 
 anberen Sel^rfac^er, b. I), bie frembcn (^prac^en, finb fo tierteilt, 
 
ii8 
 
 ha^ 2atdn, ©rled^tfd^ unb grangofifc^ auf ben ©tjmnaften be- 
 trieben lt)erben, auf ben 9^ealQt)mnafien !2atein unb neuere 
 ©prad^en, ncimlic^ gran^ofifd^ unb Snglifd^, unb auf ben Dber- 
 realfd^ulen nur hit neueren ©prad^en, !Die (Sd)iiler finb betm 
 ^intritt getDofinlid^ neun big ^e^n Sat)ve alt unb ^aben brei big 
 t)ier Saf)vt^fux\t ber 33olfgfd)ule, ober eine 53orf(^uIe t)on brei* 
 ial^riger 3)auer, — fec^g XaQt bie 5£3od)e, — burc^gemac^t, 
 ^ie gerien bauern 0en)o]^nli(^ elf i£3o(^en, b. If). Dftem gtnei 
 SBod^en, "ipfingften eine iSSod^e, grofee (Somnxerferien bier big 
 fiinf iSSod^en, 9[)^id^aelig eine big ^tod ilBod^en unb ilBeif)nac^ten 
 StDei iCSod^en. ^er Hbiturient einer f)of)eren beutfdien ?ef)r= 
 anftalt bilrfte fo gut iDie ein Junior eineg amerifanifc^en col- 
 lege borgebilbet fein. 
 
 !Die 9}^abcf)en befuc^en gemol^nlic^ fogenannte ^ol&ere Tlixb^ 
 d^enfc^ulen. Qel^t gibt eg aucf) einige SO^abdjengl^mnafien, h)eld§e 
 ben (Sd^iilerinnen biefelben SBerec^tigungen erteilen toit bie ent* 
 fpred^enben f)of)eren ^nabenfd^ulen, 
 
 SJragcn 
 
 SSie biele 5lrten Don l^ol^eren beutfd^en ^naben= 
 
 fd^ulen gibt eg? 
 SSie Ifieigen biefelben unb beren (Schiller? 
 iEBie nennt man bie 6d^lller ber Derfc^iebenen neun 
 
 ^laffen? 
 !I)ie iungen !3)eutfc^en mitffen 2 ober 3 ^cil^re ^BoU 
 
 bat fein im §eere ober in ber 9D?arine» 
 2Ber braud^t nur ein 3abr gu bienen? ilBeglialb? 
 ^arf ein 5lbiturient iiberalt ftubieren? 
 SBie biele beutfd^e Uniberfitciten fennen <8ie? 
 @eben (Sie bie genteinfamen ^ef)rfac^er ber l)d]^eren 
 
 (Sd^ulen an! 
 
119 
 
 SBte nennt man ©rbfunbe fonft noc^? 
 
 !Dte ^otanif, bie ^oologie, ^^l)ftf unb (Sl^iemie 
 
 fiitb 9^aturtr)iffenf(^aften, 
 SKeld^e ©prac^en h)erben auf bem ©ijmnafium ge* 
 
 le^rt? 
 SBeld^e auf bem D^ealgi^mnaftum? 
 Hnb h)etd§e auf ber Dberrealfc^ule? 
 ilBeld^e^ ift bie 33orbi(bung ber f)of)eren ® chiller? 
 3n h)eld^em filter fommen fie getool^nlid^ in bie 
 
 pfieren (Sd^ulen? 
 $at man in ^eutfc^Ianb fiinftagigen Unterrid^t 
 
 iDoc^entlid^ ober mirb in 3)eutf(^Ianb an \t6)^ 
 
 3:agen unterrid^tet? 
 SSie tDerben bie gerien eingeteilt? 
 iSSie gut toerbcn bie l^ofieren ©d^liler augge* 
 
 bilbet? 
 ^a^ fdnnen ®ie liber bie 9}?(ibc^enf$ulen fagen? 
 
 ©r^al^Ien (Sie atte^, tra^ ©ie ilber hit l^o^eren 
 
 beutfc^en ©d^ulen lt)iffen! 
 33erglei(^en ©ie bie beutfd^en (Sd^ulen mit ben 
 
 amerifanifc^en ©d^ulen! 
 ^efen ®ie ba^ ©tiid je^t in ^l^tem 58uc^e nad§! 
 (^(^reiben ©ie einen fleinen ^uffa^ bariiber! 
 
 NOTE 
 
 In what number are the names of the great holidays used 
 in German? E.g. SSeif)na(^ten, etc. 
 
 Substitute for serfaUen the verb cintctlcn» 
 
 Substitute for ^ci^en the verb nctlttcn* 
 
 In the two sentences which begin with the preposition 
 Jiat!^, use the conjunction ttad^bcttt, orally and in writing. 
 
I20 BEGINNERS* GERMAN 
 
 Change into the passive in all persons and tenses: 
 
 i(5 tie{)ine ntein 53u(5, 
 i(5 o[[ne mein 33ud^, 
 td^ fd^liefee mein ^ud^, 
 Id^ lege mein ^ud^ I)in. 
 E.g. 
 
 9}?ein (bag) iBud^ h)irb bon mir gcnommen, etc. 
 
 t)terunbr)ter3tgfte Zlufgabe 
 ^ic ^eutfc^cn in 5(mcrifa 
 
 !^eutfd^e ftnb in ber gan^en ilBelt 3U finben, ®ie gcil^ilen bei^ 
 naf)c 100 9l)^iIlionen, Don benen nngefaf)r 68 9[)^ilIionen in 
 ^eutfd^Ianb unb 15 SD^illionen in £)fterrei(^ tDoffXim. ©^ gibt 
 anc^ t)iele ^eutfc^e in ber (B^\t)ci^ unb in D^uftlanb. ^ie grofete 
 3cil()I ^eutfc^er im ^In^Ianb ftnbet man in ben 33ereinigten 
 (Staaten* ©d^on "ipenn brac^te, al^ er fid^ 1682 in *iPenn:= 
 ft)lt)anien nieberliefe, Diele ^eutfd^e, l^auptfad^Iid^ ^^^einpfalger, 
 mit, benen im erften ^rittel be^ 18. ^ci^i^^unbertg betrad^t- 
 lid^e (Sd^aren folgten, bie immer Irieber neuen 9^ad§frf)ub er^ 
 l^ielten. 3ntereffant ift e^, bai ein ^eutfd^er, nameng ^eter 
 SD^inuit, 1626 gum erften irirflid^en ©oubemeur Don ^ttd 
 gorf gemcil^lt tDurbe, nad^bem er bie 22 englifd^e Ouabrat^ 
 meilen grofee Sn\d 33?anbattan flir 100 2)?arf Don ben 3n= 
 bianem gefauft f)atte. (Sd^on im Qat)ve 1787 bilbete fid^ eine 
 beutfd^e ©efellfc^aft in 9^eh) g)orf, bie Don ben angefel^enften 
 beutfd^en ^aufleuten unb ©runbbefi^em begriinbet toorben tioav 
 unb Don il^nen unterftil^t tDurbe. 
 
 ^ag 3a^v 1848 brad^te Diele 3)eutfd^e nad^ 5lmerifa. (giner 
 ber beften Don il^nen, ^avl ©d^urg, ein ebenfo guter ®eutf(^er 
 irie treuer iBiirger ber 3Sereinigten (Staaten, bef)anbelte in Diel^ 
 
BEGINNERS GERMAN 121 
 
 beac^teter ^ebe ben (Sinflufe beg ^exttfc^tum^ auf bte Union 
 unb seigte babel, trie frcifttg bie ^eutfd)=5lmerifaner an bem 
 gortfdjritt beg ]()umanen ©eifteg in Hmertfa mitgen)tr!t !)aben» 
 Unter anberem fagte er, bag bie 3)eutfc^en bie "iPflege ber ^unft 
 unb beg ©efangeg ntitgebrac^t l^atten, fo ba\^ bie 9?aft t)on ber 
 5lrbeit in alien ^laffen beg 3Solfeg mef)r unb mef)r bon bem 
 ©onnenfc^ein eineg l^eiteren Sebenggenuffeg burc^Ieuc^tet n)erbe. 
 „9^i(5t allein tdiv," fo fagte ^arl (Scaurs, „fonbem jefet aud^ 
 eine SD^el^rsal^I t)on benen, beren 33orurteil erft iiberirunben 
 iDerben muBte, freut fid^ biefer ^efe^rung gum grofifinn." 
 
 Unb toie auf amerifanif(^em SBoben ein !l)eutf(^er in befd^ei* 
 bener SSeife bie 33erbienfte ber 3)eutfd^en um bie 33ereinigten 
 (Staaten betonte, fo tat bieg in iDeit fraftigerer 5lrt ein 5lmeri^ 
 faner auf beutfd&er Srbe, unb ^tt)ax 3:f)eobore ^^oofebelt gele^ 
 gentlic^ feiner 5SorIefung in ber Berliner Uniberfitat am 12. 
 SD^ai 1910. @r bemerfte, ha^ er in biefeg !^anb Don ru^m^ 
 boiler 33ergangenf)eit unb glcingenber ©egen^art alg ^Ingel^o* 
 riger eineg jungen 33oIfeg fomme, auf bag . 3)eutf c^Ianb grofeen 
 ©influfe auggeiibt: „2)er beutfdje 5lnteil an unferem ^lut ift 
 grofe, benn faft Don 5lnbeginn an ift bag beutfd^e Element unter 
 ben einanber folgenben SBogen bon 5(nfommIingen, beren ^in- 
 begfinber in bie amerifanifc^e 9^ation berarbeitet tDorben finb 
 unb nod) b3erben, grofe getDefen; unb ic^ felbft fuf)re meine 5lb= 
 ftammung auf jenen 3^^tg ber 9^ieberbeutf(^en ^uriid, n)eld^er 
 ^odanb aug ber 5^orbfee emporgel^oben 'i)at Unb noc^ mel^r, 
 loir f^aben bon if)nen nic^t nur einen grofeen 3:eil ht^ ^luteg, 
 bag burc^ unfere Hbem rinnt, entnommen, fonbem auc^ einen 
 grofeen ^eil ber ©ebanfenmett, burc^ toelc^e unfere 3}en!arbeit 
 beftimmt n)irb." 
 
 SO^an nimmt an, bafe in ben 33ereinigten ©taaten nal^e an 
 brei 5D?iIlionen in ^eutfc^lanb geborene 'iperfonen n)o!)nen. "^ie 
 3af)l aller aug beutfc^en gamilien ftammenben ^etooliner, b. I). 
 
122 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 jener, beren beibe ©Item ober beren IBater ober Tlutttx in 
 2)eutfd^Ianb geboren it)urben, ift aber mit neun 3}?i(Uonen nld^t 
 gu ]^od& Qcfcfiafet; bag mac^t ben gef)nten 3:eil ber ©efamtbebol^ 
 ferung an^, gfJad^ „:Dcutf(|Ianb als SScItmad^t/ ©. 837. 
 
 Sragen 
 
 iEBo ftnb bte ^entfc^en gn finben? 
 
 SBie t)iele ^eutfc^e ^ai)lt man im gangen? 
 
 5£3ie t)lele (Sinn)o]^ner f)at ^eutfd^Ianb? 
 
 Hnb bte 53ereinigten <Staaten? 
 
 SESer brac^te biele ^entfc^e mit nad) 5lnterifa? 
 
 iEBag fiir ^anb^Ieute n)aren bie^ gnm grbfeten 2:eil? 
 
 iSSelc^er ^entfd^e tt>urbe gnerft in Hmerifa iiffent- 
 
 lid^ geef)rt? 
 SIBoju tDurbe er getDctl^It? 
 mt ^iefe ber etaat 9^en) 2)orf perft? 
 Unb n)ie bie ©tabt? 
 SBie t)iere ^Dollar begalilte "ipeter Tlimit fUr 9}?an^ 
 
 l^attan? 
 3n melc^em 3al)re beg nenngel^nten 3a]^rf)unbertg 
 
 fanten t)iele 3)eutf(^e nad^ 5Imerifa? ^arum? 
 SKag toiffen ©ie t)on ^arl ©c^urg? 
 ^ennen (Sie feine ^iic^er ilber ^enri) (Elat) nnb 
 
 Slbral^am Lincoln? 
 ^alten ©ie il^n fiir einen grogen Mann? 
 2tht ^arl ed^ura noc^? 
 §at er je ein offentlic^eg 5lmt befleibet? 
 SBelc^e ^ugenben l^aben bie ^entfd^en nad^ toe^* 
 
 rifa mitgebrad^t? 
 iSSeld^er grofee Slmerifaner betonte ebenfallg ben 
 
 (Sinffug ber ^eutfd^en auf unb bie 53erbienfte 
 
 berfelben urn bie 35ereinigten ©taaten? 
 
beginners' GERMAN 1 23 
 
 SBo iDurbe biefe 9^ebe gei^alten? SSann? 
 
 iSSie ift 3)eutfc^Ianb^ 33ergangen]^eit? 
 
 ilBie feme ©egentDart? 
 
 2Bag benfen ©ie bon ^Deutfd^Ianb^ ^ufunft? 
 
 $aben biete Hmerifaner beutfd^e^ ^lut in il^ren 
 
 mem? 
 SBeld^er ^Ibftammung ift ^l^eobore 9^oofet)eIt? 
 SBie Diele ^eutfc^^Slmerifaner follen in ben 5Ser* 
 
 einigten (Staaten tool^nen? 
 
 (Srs(i{)Ien ©ie, ira^ (Sie ilber bie !I)eutf(5en in 
 
 %mmfa gu fagen f)a6en! 
 !i?efen ©ic bie ^arftellung! 
 ®eben ^k bie SSieberl^oIung berfelben fd^riftlid^! 
 
 NOTE 
 
 SSertDanbetn ©ie bie inbireft gegebene D^ebe toon ^arl ©d^urg in 
 birefte 9?ebe! 
 Unb ben bire!t gegebenen @a^ in inbirefte 9?ebe! 
 ^ertranbeln ©ie, miinblic^ unb fc^riftlic^, 9^oofet)eIt^ iBemer* 
 fungen! 
 2Sie iiberfe^en ©ie: 
 
 ^eutfc^e finb iiberatt gu finben, 
 
 !I)a^ ift nic^t gu glauben! 
 
 3(^ {)cibe e^ fagen f)oren» 
 
 !Sag ia^t ftc^ i)offen (possibility). 
 
 @^ ttJurbe hm lieben langen 3:ag gegeffen unb getrunfen* 
 
 Observe : 
 Wan finbct t)iele Hu^Ianber in biefem ^anbe. 
 (Sine ©efeKfc^aft Bitbet ftd). 
 
 Is the passive used as much in German as it is in English? 
 Does every verb form a personal passive in German? 
 
124 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 Is the passive always used when the agent is expressed? 
 How does the German avoid the passive voice, and what 
 substitutes are used? 
 
 Observe the flexibility of English in the use of the passive. 
 
 Active: He gave me a pencil. 
 
 @r gab mx einen SBIeiftift* 
 
 Passive: / was given a pencil (a pencil was given me). 
 Wxt h)urbc etn S3Ieifttft t)on ifitn gegeben. 
 
 5iinfunbr>ier3tgfte Zlufgabe 
 
 (Review) 
 ^cutfdftknb iiber attc^ 
 
 1. ^eutfd^Ianb, ^Deutfd^Ianb liber atlc6, 
 liber alle^ in ber iBelt, 
 
 iESenn e^ ftet^ lu ©d^ufe unb Xmi^t 
 ^rliberltd^ gufammenl^alt, 
 55on ber 9}iaa^ bi^ an bie ^tmt\, 
 5Son ber (gtfc^ h\^ an ben ^elt. 
 ^eutfd^Ianb, ^eutfd^Ianb liber aEe^, 
 tiber atleg in ber iSSelt! 
 
 2. !Deutf(^e granen, beutfd^e 5treue, 
 ^eutf(^er SBein unb bentfc^er (Sang 
 (SoIIen in ber ^elt bel^alten 
 3()ren alien fc^onen ^lang, 
 
 Un^ lu ebler Xai begeiftem 
 Unfer ganged Seben lang, 
 ^eutfc^e grauen, beutf(^e 2reue, 
 !Dentfd^er SBein unb beutfd^er ©ang! 
 
BEGINNERS' GERMAN 12$ 
 
 3» ©inigfeit unb dltf^t unb ^Jretl^eit 
 glir ha^ beutfc^e 5SaterIanb, 
 !Danac^ lafet un^ al(e ftreben 
 i8ruberli(^ mlt §ers unb ^anb! 
 ^Inigfeit unb D^ed^t unb greil^ett 
 (Stub beg ©liicfeg Unterpfanb. 
 ^mi^' im ©lanse blefe^ ©lUde^, 
 ^Iu6ebeutf(^eg33aterlanb! 
 
 ^offmonn t)on ^^QncrSlcbcn. 
 
 SDte 9[)?aag, bte 9D?emet unb bie Stfc^ finb gluffe. 
 ^ie maa^ ift im SSeften t)on ^eutfd^Ianb, ilSo? 
 :3)ie 9J?emcI ift im Dften ^Deutfc^Ianb^. 
 ^ie @tfd& ift im ©ilben bon ^eutfd^tanb, unb ber 
 
 ^elt, fopfagen ein Xtil beg iBaltifc^en 9}?eereg, 
 
 ift im 9lorben t)on !Deutfd^lanb, 
 ©ag ^altifd^e SD^eer fieifet getDo^inlic^ bk Oftfee. 
 3ft bie 3}^emel auf beutfd^em ^oben? 
 5£3o liegen bie anberen ©elnaffer? 
 ^eigen <Sie alleg auf ber Cartel 
 iCSarum fieifet eg im Dften !5)eutf(^Ianbg unb nid^t 
 
 i)on ^eutfc^Ianb? 
 SBag fann man anftatt ftet^ noc^ fagen? 
 SBie milrben (Bit gu ®c^u^ unb Xvui^ augbriicfen? 
 53erfte]f)en @ie {e^t bag Sieb? 
 (Singen Bk eg! 
 Semen (Sie eg fur bie nctc^ften (Stunben augtcenbig, 
 
 fo bafe @ie eg and) fc^reiben fonnen! 
 
 Hoffmann bon gaKergleben ift ber ^ic^ter biefeg 
 g^ationalliebeg ber ^eutfd^en (feit 1871), bag 
 auc^ ^a^ Sieb ber ^ewtfrfien genannt irirb* 
 
126 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 5Dte Tlelohk riil^rt bon ^at)bn ^tv unb ift Qleid^* 
 Scitig bie 9D?eIobie fUr hie ofterreid^ifd^e 9^ational^ 
 ^tjmm: „®ott erlfialte granj ben ^aifer*" 
 
 5edjsunbr>ter3tgfte 2lufgabe' 
 ^eutfcfttanb^ ©tcHung in ber aSeltnjirtftfiaft 
 
 3n ben 3^iten ber 53olfern)anberung l^at ber bent beutfc^en 
 55o(fe tnnen)o]^nenbe SSanbertrieb bte ©emianenftamme nad^ 
 bent ©iiben unb SSeften gefiil^rt, nad^ ^talien, granfreic^, 
 ©panien unb 5Ifrifa, bann tief bi^ nad^ Ungarn l^inein unb 
 tDieber norbn)art^ nad^ (gnglanb, Unb fc^on balb nad^ ber @ini* 
 gung ber beutfd^en (Stamme unter ben erften fraftt)oIIen ^ad)- 
 fenfaifem, bann unter ben $ot)enftaufen unb fpfiter in ber 3^tt 
 be^ ©eutfd^^errenorbeng erh)iefen hit ^Deutfd^en il^ren ^eruf 
 al^ I^olonifatoren ber 9^orb= unb Oftntarfen in l^eifeen ^cintpfen 
 gegen SBenben unb ^reufeen, 9[)^it ber ©eminnung ber Dftfee 
 begann hit iBliitejeit ber beutfd^en ^anfa* S^^ 3ctt ber ^reug- 
 ailge, aU bie italienifd^en ^anbel^ftcibte ntel^r in htn 3Sorber* 
 grunb traten, bluf)ten bie SSol^npIcifee im (Sltben ^eutfd^Ianb^ 
 auf: SSien, 2lug^burg, Ulm unb 9^iimberg» 
 
 !Die (gntbedhing neuer §anbelgn)ege am ^lu^gang be^ TlitttU 
 altera fanb hit !Deutfd^en nid^t untfttig, n)enngleid^ bie rotnani* 
 fd^en 9^ationen, bie ^ortugiefen unb (Spanier, baran ben 
 §auptteil f)atten» ^i^^befonbere tdavtn hit gugger unb SBelfer, 
 reid^e ^aufleute in 5lug^burg, beftrebt, bie neuen 55erfe]^r^t)er* 
 pltniffe fid^ bien[tbar su madden, (Sie ^ahtn glotten aug 
 fpanifd^en ^cifen au^t^tn laffen unb fid^ ant fpanifd^en @e= 
 n)iirs]^anbel beteiligt, ja felbft ju (Sroberungen unb Hnfiebe^ 
 lungen auf frentbem iBoben finb fie fortgefcfiritten, ^^eneguela 
 iDurbe befe^t unb foEte rid^tiger SSelferlanb l^eifeen* ^od& 
 
 ' This reading extract is extremely illuminating, but is rather difl&cult. It may, of course, 
 be omitted at the discretion of the teacher. 
 
BEGINNERS GERMAN 1 27 
 
 ol^ne Unterftttfeung burdB ba'B dlti^, bent eine JJIotte fel^Ite, 
 h)urben bie beutfd^en ^olonifatoren immer mt^v au^ ii)vm 
 §anbelgbe3ief)ungen t)erbrangt» ^ie grauentjollen 3^tten be^ 
 !Drei6i9iaf)rtgen J^'riege^ boKenbeten ben 53erfaII be^ beutfd^en 
 §anbe(^ ^u ?anb unb gur (See, §olIanb unb (Snglanb rlffeti 
 ba^ beittfd^e Srbe an ftc^» SBof)I berfudfite ber ©rofee ^urfiirft, 
 ber in ber ©(^nle ber ^ottober I)erangen)ad^fen mar unb bie 
 iBebeutung be^ 9D?eere^ al^ Ouelte ber 55oIfergro6e fennen gc* 
 lernt ^atU, bie ©c^opfung einer §anbe(^fIotte unb bie ©riin- 
 bung einer ^olonie in SSeftafrifa, 3tn S^al^re 1683 marb trofe 
 beg @infpru(^g eiferfiid^tiger ^IRad^te t)on einent 3:eile ber ^iifte 
 ^efife ergriffen, bag gort ©rofe^griebrid^gburg erric^ tet, unb 
 ber]^ei6unggt)oIIe ^anbelgbesie^ungen iDurben eroffnet. 2Iber 
 fd^on fein 9^ad^foIger, ber erfte preufeifc^e ^onig griebric^ I,, 
 \)attt fiir biefe ^eftrebungen n)enig ^ntereffe, unb griebrid^ 
 SSil^elnt I,, ber 53ater griebrid^g beg ©rofeen, berfaufte feinen 
 ^efife an bie ^orianbifd^^^eftinbifc^e ^ompagnie fiir 6000 
 ^ufaten. 
 
 liber 200 ^a^re litt ba^ beutfd^e 53oIf unter feinen ungliidf^ 
 feligen politifd^en 33er]^altniffen; eg tdav nteerfremb getrorben, 
 unb bent ^lidfgang beg gemerblid^en ^ebeng folgte notmenbiger* 
 n)eife ber beg geiftigen. 
 
 9^ur langfant bereitete ftd§ ber Sintritt !Deutfd^tanbg in bie 
 ^ei^e ber iESeltl^anbelgmad^te Dor. ^er (Sinn fiir frembeg 
 iSBoIfgtum unb frembe Sigenart tt)ar in ^eutfd^Ianb intnter 
 rege, leiber oft su feinetn (Sd^aben. Slufeerbem tt)av hk ^ennt^ 
 nig ber fretnben Sprad^en bei ung allmci^lid^ gu fold^er 33er^ 
 breitung gelangt tDie faum anbergrtjo. ^ie unntittelbare 
 53eranlaffung gur (gntmidflung ber ilberfeeifd^en ^ntereffen 
 !3:)eutfd§Ianbg aber tourbe bie beutfd^e 5Iugn)anberung, l^aupt^ 
 fctd^Iic^ nad§ 9^orbamerifa. (Seit bent 5Infang beg 19. -3a]^r= 
 l^unbertg l^aben ntel^r alg 5 9[)?iI(ionen 3)eutfd^e fid^ neue 
 
128 
 
 SKol^nfi^e in ber grembe, fiauptfctc^lld^ in 5^orbamerifa, gefud^t, 
 too ie^t 8-9 SD^iltionen !Deutfd^e leben. ^ie tnirtfd^aftlirfje (Sin* 
 bnfee, bie unfer 5SaterIanb baburc^ erlitt, ift grofe. 5lnberfeit§ 
 aber finb e^ in erfter !2inic bie ^^erfel^r^be^ie^ungen gu Slmerifa 
 QetDefen, bie ben ^anbel nnferer §anfaftdbte toieber empor- 
 brad^ten, 5luf ber oftlid^en ^lali&fugel tourbe perft (Sf)ina, 
 bann ^nbien erfd^Ioffen, nnb 3(tpan offnete sn ^eginn ber 60er 
 3af)xe be^ borigen S^a^rl^unbert^ feine ^cifen bent beut[(^en 
 5Serfe]^r. ^zutt bollenb^ umfpannen bie t)on ^eutfd^Ianb au^* 
 lanfenben 33erfef)r^fdben, bie jefet aud^ nac^ 5luftralien unb ber 
 (Silbfee fiinlibersiel^en, ben gan^en ©rbbalL 
 
 (Seit iBeginn ber 80er ^o^tre ift ba^ !I)eutfd^e ^eid^ in bie 
 9fJeif)e ber ^otoniatntcid^te eingetreten, unb eg bef)errfd^t l^eute 
 ein ©ebiet t)on bent giinffad^en feiner eignen ©rofee; eg fte!)t 
 fomit nnter ben ^oloniatmctd^ten ]f)infic^tlid^ beg gldd^eninf)altg 
 feiner iBefi^ungen fd^on an britter (Bulk, ©ag in ben 
 ^d^u^gebieten angelegte Capital toirb auf 240 SD^illionen 
 '^avt gefc^ci^t, nnb beren @in= unb 5Iugfuf)r]^anbeI betrug 
 1903 bereitg 67 Mllionen Tlavt 3Sont ©efantttoerte beg 
 beutfd^en ^lufeenl^anbelg, ber 1904 bie getoaltige (Summe 
 i)on 12,2 9i)2illiarben Tlaxt erreid^t l)at, entfallen | auf ben 
 (Seel^anbeL 
 
 3n Hnterifa, befonberg in ^itUh unb ^iibanterifa, befi^en 
 bie ^eutfdf)en bebeutenbe ^anbelgnieberlaffungen ntit getoal* 
 tigen, oft ben SSert bieler SJJillionen befil^enben SSarenlagern* 
 3n SD^ittelamerifa, SSeftinbien, $D^ejifo unb ben ^cinbem ber 
 ftiblid^en ©olbfiifte f)aben fic^ beutfc^e "ipiantagenbefi^ungen gu 
 erfieblid^er iSBid^tigfeit emporgefd^toungen* ^afe ber beutfd^e 
 §anbel in 5lmeri!a aud^ ntel^r unb ntef)r ntit bent beutfd^en 
 Capital arbeitet, betoeifen bie in jiingfter 3^it errid^teten iiber- 
 feeifd^en ^anfen. ©benfo toenben fid^ bie ^eutfd^en in ben 
 anterifanifd^en ^cinbem in gunefintenbent ^D^afee bent ^au bon 
 
129 
 
 (Sifenbafinen gu. 3SteIe gabrifen ftnb mit beutfd^em Capital 
 unb bielfad^ fogar mit beutfc^em 9D?ateriaI eingertc^tet. 
 
 5(ud^ 5Ifrifa ^at fiir ba^ ^^eutfd^e ^eid^, unb s^ar nic^t blofe 
 burc^ bie ^olonien, bte e^ bortfelbft beft^t, grogen mirtfd^aft^ 
 lid^en iJSert, 3n biefem ©rbteil beftef)t eine grofeere ^In^al^I 
 beutfc^er gaftoreien unb ®ef(^aft^f)aufer» SO^it beutfc^em 
 Capital ftnb mti)vtxt ^af)nen gebaut, unb mieberum fefir be- 
 trdc^tltd^ tft bie 5(nlage beutfd^en ^apitalg in ben fiibafrifani= 
 fc^en Tlimn. 
 
 Sn Hfien finben fid^ beutfd^e §anbel^nieberlaffungen bon 
 (Singapore bi^ SBIabitnoftof, beutfd^e gaftoreien unb "i]3Ian= 
 tagen auf (Sumatra unb anbern 3^nfeln. 3n (Sc^angl^ai arbei- 
 tet bie ^eutf(§=5lfiatifd^e iBanf, unb bie fleinafiatifd^en ^af)nen 
 finb gum grofeten 3:eile ba^ SSerf beutfc^er ©eologen, beutfd^er 
 ^ngenieure unb beutfc^er ,f?)apitatiften, 
 
 9^id^t gering finb bie beutfc^en SSirtfc^aft^intereffen fogar in 
 ^uftralien unb ber (Siibfee. ^eben bod^ in ^luftralien felbft, 
 einfc^Iieglid^ 9^eu^(Seeranb, liber 100,000 !Deutfd^e! ^Tuc^ ba^ 
 (Siibfeegebiet fommt fiir un^ nic^t blofe infoineit in iBetrad^t, 
 aU e^ gum beutfd^en ^olonialbereid^ gel^ort, 5(uf Xai)[ti finb 
 ebenfall^ gaftoreien in beutfd^em ^efi^, unb an ben ^ucfer^ 
 plantagen l3on §amaii ift beutfd^e^ Capital mit bielen ^iU 
 lionen SD^arf beteiligt. 
 
 SSelcf) riefen^afte (Summe beutfd^er ^raft, beutfc^en ©eifte^, 
 beutfd^en (S^elbeS ift ha im glug! ^aum geringer finb bie 
 iBilbung^beftrebungen be^ beutfd^en 35oIfe6 iiber (See gemad^^ 
 fen. 9^eben ben beutfd^en ^aufleuten arbeiten beutfd^e ?e!)rer, 
 beutfd^e gorfd^er, beutf(^e Offtjiere unb beutfc^e 9[)?iffionare auf 
 bem ganjen (Srbenrunb am gortf(f)ritt ber SD^enfd^^eit. 
 
 SSie munberbar nun audf) ^eutfd^Ianb^ augliDcirtiger §anbel 
 getoad^fen, n)ie grofe feine 5Iugn)anberung, toie n)id)tig feine 
 ^olonien hjerben mogen: bie SBurjeln beutfd^er ^raft unb 
 
130 BEGINNERS^ GERMAN 
 
 bcutfd^er ©rdfee licgen tm ^oben ber beutfd^en ^eimat, 9^ur 
 unabldfftQe 5lrbeit auf l^eimatUc^er (Sc^oIIe {)at ba§ beutfd^e 
 SBolt iDieberum p 3)^a(^t unb ©rofee gefiifirt; nur unablcifftger 
 gortfd^ritt auf alien ©ebieten be^ (Sblen unb ®utcn, bor altem 
 aber bie opferfreubige §lngabe an giirft unb 33aterlanb tDerben 
 e^ aud^ in fiinftigen 3^iten auf feiner ^oI)e erf)altcn, 
 
 SI. ©etftbcd. 
 
 SBelttotrtfd^aft bebeutet intemattonater ^anbeL 
 ^reujgilgc iDaren (Sjpebitionen jum ^reuje, ®rabe, 
 
 e^rifti. 
 !Dte (Sntbecfung Ift ba^fetbe tole 5Iufftnbung ((gr^ 
 
 finbung)* 
 ©etDiir^e l^eifet auf englifd^ spices, groceries. 
 Unterftlifeen f)ei6t l^elfen (cf. English: support). 
 33erbrangen bebeutet forttretben. 
 ©rauenbolt fieifet furd^tbar, fc^redtttd^, 
 ^tferfilc^tlg ift mifegunftig, neibifc^. 
 SSerl^eigung^boK fietfet t)oI( Don 33er]^ei6ungen, 
 
 5Serfpre(^ungen, (gr^artungen. 
 !Die ^inbufee bebeutet 35erluft (ma^ berloren ift), 
 gorfc^er finb 90^anner ber SBtffenfd^aft, ©elel^rte* 
 Unablafftg l^etfet anbauemb, fortrt)af)renb. 
 ^te (Sc^olte ift ber ^oben, bie ^rbe. 
 Opferfreubig fein l^eigt freubig (tDillen^) fein, Opfer 
 
 p bringen; fid^ l^ingeben; alleS tun tDoIlen. 
 SBarunt fagt man: Diele 5D^ilIionen Wlaxt? 
 ^ie garben ber beutfd^en gaf)ne finb fd^toara, hjeife, 
 
 rot^ 
 
SUPPLEMENTARY READING 
 
 (Lessons 36-41) 
 
 ^rins mit\tlm aU grcunb bcr tlnbct 
 
 m^ f?aifer ifiSil^eltn IL nod^ aU Wm iti ^ot^bant lebte, 
 
 fc^rttt er an einem ^benb furs ^0^ SSei^nac^ten ojne ^egleitung 
 
 bmd) bie ©trafeen* 3)a fa^ er bor bem (©d^aufenfter eine^ 
 
 (Spielmarengefd^cift^ S^Det ^naben ftel^en, hk mit fel^nfiic^tigen 
 
 ^licf en bie tfovL au^gelegten ^errlid^feiten betrad^teten» @r 
 
 trat ]f)tnsu unb belaufd^te eine iJSelle ii)v finblid^e^ ©epiauber* 
 
 !Dann fragte er fie mit freunblid^er 9J2iene, tioa^ ii)mn benn t)on 
 
 all ben fd^onen ^ingen am beften gefiele. 3)er ctltefte ber beiben 
 
 ^riiber, bie ben *i(3rinsen nid^t fannten, anttDortete rafc^: „!I)ort 
 
 ha^ ©c^iff, §err ^eutnant, eg ift gar gu fd^on!" „9^un benn, 
 
 3nngen/' ern)iberte ber *iPrins, „fo n)i6t il^r fa, n)ag il^r eud^ gu 
 
 SSeil^nad^ten rtiiinfc^en fonnt." „^a6 gelit nid^t," fagte ber 
 
 ^nabe barauf nnb fd^aute bem ^rin^en mit feinen blauen ^lugen 
 
 breift in^ ©efic^t; „unfer 53ater l^at nid^t fo t)iel ©elb, ha^ er 
 
 nng ettDag fo ©d^one^ faufen fann*"^ „9^un, bann toill id^ euer 
 
 SSeibna(f)tgmann fein!" "^Ra^ biefen SSorten trat ber "iprin^ in 
 
 ben Saben, faufte bag (Sd^iff unb liberreid^te eg ben ^naben, bie 
 
 t)or freubigem @(^redf faum ein SSort beg 3)anfeg fanben. 3n 
 
 t)ollem 3:rabe eilten fie nad^ ^aufe gu ben (Sltem, b ie nid^t njenig 
 
 erftaunten, alg fie in bem ^aben erful)ren, iDer ber SSeil)nad^tg= 
 
 mann il)rer ^inber getcefen toar* 
 
 21. ©ngclicn unb ^. Sted^ncr. 
 
 131 
 
132 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 ^ic ficBcn Siabc 
 
 ©in 5Sater l^atte fteben ©ol^ne, bie ofterS mttetnanber uneln^ 
 iDurben, Uber bem ^^nfen unb (Streiten berfciumten fie bie 
 5(rbeit, 3ci, einige bofe SO^enfd^en l^atten im ©inne, ftd^ biefe 
 UneiniGfeit sunu^e gu madden, um bie ©o^ne nac^ bem 3:obe 
 be^ 53ater^ um if)r (Srbteit ^u bringen, 
 
 ^a liefe ber el^miirbige ®rei^ eine^ XaQt^ alle fieben ©obne 
 pfammenfommen, legte il^nen fieben ©tcibe t)or, bie feft su* 
 fammengebunben tdavtn, unb fagte: ^^emjenigen Don euc^, ber 
 biefeg iBiinbel ^tcibe entgrneibrid^t, saf)Ie id) l^unbert gro^e 
 Xakv bar." 
 
 @iner nad^ bem anbern ftrengte atte feine ^rcifte an, unb 
 ieber fagte nad^ langem dergeblid^en ^emuf)en: „(g§ ift gar 
 nid^t moglid^." 
 
 „Unb bod^/' fagte ber 35ater, „ift nid^tg leid^ter." @r lofte 
 ba^ ^ilnbel auf unb jerbrad^ einen ^tah nad^ bem anbern mit 
 geringer TlVii)t. „(ii," riefen bie ©ol^ne, „fo ift e^ freilid^ leid^t, 
 fo fonnte e^ ein fteiner ^nabe!" 
 
 ^er 5Sater aber fprac^: „SSie e^ mit ben (Stdben ift, fo ift e^ 
 mit eud^, meine (Soigne, ©olange it)v feft pfammenl^altet, 
 hjerbet ii)v befte^en, unb niemanb mirb eud§ ubern)altigen fonnen» 
 SSSirb aber ha^ iBanb ber (Sintrad^t, ba^ eud^ berbinben foil, 
 aufgeloft, fo ge^t e^ eud^ trie ben ^tahtn, bie l^ier gerbrod^en 
 auf bem iBoben uml^erliegen*" 
 
 Seltfamer ©^jasicrrttt 
 
 (Sin SO^ann reitet auf feinem (Sfel nad^ §au^ unb lafet feinen 
 SBuben gu gufe neben^ier laufen. ^ommt ein iESanberer unb 
 fagt: „^a^ ift nid^t rec^t, 33ater, ba\^ ii)v reitet unb lagt euern 
 ®ofin laufen; if)r ^aht ftcirfere ©lieber." ^a ftieg ber 53ater 
 
SUPPLEMENTARY READING 1 33 
 
 bom Sfel l^erab unb Ilefe ben (Sol^n reiten* ^ommt n)leber 
 ein SSanber^tnann unb fagt: „!Da^ ift nid^t red^t, 53urfc^e, bag' 
 bu reiteft unb Iciffeft beinen 53ater ju gug gefien; bu f)aft iiingere 
 ^eine," ^a fafeen beibe auf unb ritten eine ©tredfe, ^ommt 
 ein brttter ^anber^mann unb fagt: „SSa^ ift bag fiir ein Un^ 
 t)erftanb, gmei ^erle auf einem fd^n)a(5^en 2;iere? ©ollte man 
 nic^t einen @tocf nel^men unb eud^ beibe l^inabiagen?" ^a 
 ftiegen beibe ah unb gingen felbbritt gu gufe, red^t^ unb linfg 
 ber 53ater unb ©ol^n unb in ber Tlittt ber (SfeL ^ommt ein 
 bierter i^Banber^mann unb fagt: „3^v feib brei furiofe ®efellen» 
 Q\f^ nid^t genug, menu ^tnei gu gufe gel^en? ©e^t^g nid^t 
 leid^ter, iDenn einer bon eud^ reitet?" ^a banb ber 33ater bem 
 (gfel bie borbern ^eine gufammen, unb ber ©ol^n banb il^m bie 
 ^intern ^eine jufammen, jogen einen ftarfen ^aumpfal)! burd^, 
 ber an ber ©trafee ftanb, unb trugen ben (Sfel auf ber 5ld^fel 
 
 @o meit fann^g fommen, menu man e^ alien !2euten tDttt 
 red§t madden, 
 
 SSic bie SSafunger eine ^a^e fauften 
 
 ©in ^irt f)atte biel Tlau\t im ^aufe unb ^^atten unb toufetc 
 fid^ gor^nid^t melf)r ju f)elfen» ©amal^ gab eg aber nod^ feine 
 ^a^en in SSafungen, ^a h3urbe bem SSirt angeraten, er folk 
 nac^ 9)^einingen fa^ren unb eine ^a^e faufen, fo n)urbe er ber 
 ^lage balb log fein; benn biefeg 2:ier bertilgte bie 'iDlau\t. ^ag 
 liefe ber 5D^ann fid^ nid^t ab)eimal fagen, ful^r mit feinem ^ned^t 
 unb faufte eine ^a^e um ein guteg (BtM ®elb. Huf bem 
 ^eimtocg fiel ibm bei, ba^ er bergeffen, fid^ gu erfunbigen, loag 
 bie ^a^e freffe; benn er bebad^te, bag fold^ ein ^ier aud^ leben 
 n)oIIe, irenn eg feine SD^tiufe unb ^^atten mel^r gabe, fanbte beg= 
 l^alb ben ^ned^t suriidf, angufragen, tcag bie ^a^e freffe, unb 
 
134 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 fuf)r einftmeilen nad^ §aufe» ^ie ber ^nec^t anfatn, fragte her 
 $crr neugierig: „S!flun, tda^ frifet bie ^a^e?" — „2ltle^!" mar 
 bie 5lnth)ort ,M^^?" — n3a, alk^l" mv ber hjieber^olte 
 SBefd^eib, „(Si, bel^iit un^ ®ott t)or fo einem Xier!" (Sprad^'^ 
 unb fd^icfte bie ^a^e augenblidlid^ n^ieber priid, 
 
 ?. 33c(!^ftcin. 
 
 ^er SSiberftatt 
 
 !Dcr fleine ©eorg mufete nod^ nid^tg Don bem SBiberl^att, 
 (Sinmal fd^rle er auf ber SSiefe: „§o, Ifiopp!" ©ogleid^ riefg 
 Im naf)en iSSalbd^en aud^: „§o, f)opp!" (gr rief l^ierauf ber^ 
 iDunbert: „^tv bift bu?" ^ie ©tinttne rief aud^: „2Ber bift 
 bu?" dv fd^rie: „3)u bift ein bummer 3unge!" unb — „bummer 
 3unge!" l^aKte e^ au6 bem SSalbe surlidf. ©eorg iDarb (trger- 
 Iid& unb rief immer cirgere ©d^impfnamen in ben SSalb l^inein. 
 5ltle f)al(ten getreulid^ mieber surildf* @r fud&te f)ierauf ben 
 bermeinten ^naben im gan^en iSBalbd^en, um fid^ an i{)m gu 
 rad^en, fonnte aber niemanb finben. ^ierauf lief er nad§ §aufe 
 unb flagte e^ ber ^utttv, tt)ie ein bofer ^ube fid^ im iESalbc 
 berftedft unb if)n gefd^impft l)ahe. 3)ie 93?utter fprad^: „!^ieg= 
 mal {)aft bu bid^ felbft angeflagt ^u ^a\t nid^t^ bemommen 
 aU ben iEBiberfiall beiner eignen iBorte» ^atteft bu ein freunb^ 
 lid^e^ ilBort in ben SSalb f)ineingerufen, fo toare bir aud& ein 
 freunblid^e^ jurildfgefommen." 
 
 ^0^ ayiittageffcn im ^ofc 
 
 Tlan flagt f)(iufig bariiber, mie fd^ttier unb unmoglid^ e^ fei, 
 mit mand^en 2)?enfd^en au^jufommen. !^ag mag benn freilid^ 
 aud^ toa^x fein. ^nbeffen finb Diele t)on fold^en SD?enfd^en nid^t 
 fd^Iimm, fonbern nur iDunberlid^, unb inenn man fie nur im^ 
 mer red^t fennte, inn)enbig unb au^menbig, unb red&t mit ijnen 
 
SUPPLEMENTARY READING 135 
 
 umgUQel^en toix^tt, nie gu eigenftnnig unb nie gu nad^Qtebig, fo 
 tdixvc manci^er mol^r unb leid^t gur iBefinnung ju bringen, ^a^ 
 ift boc^ einertt ^ebienten mit feinem §errn gelungen. T)tm 
 fonnte er mand^mal gar ntc^t^ rec^t madden unb mufete biele^ 
 entgelten, tttovan er unfd^ulbtg hjar, tote e^ oft gel^t. 
 
 (Bo tarn einmal ber §err fel^r berbriefelld^ nac^ ^aufe unb 
 fe^te ftc^ sum 9D^ittageffen» ^a toar bie Buppc gu l^eife ober 
 gu fait ober feine^ Don beiben; aber genug, ber §err toar t)er= 
 briefetic^, ©r fafete baf)er bie ©c^iiffel mit bem, toa^ barinnen 
 toar, unb toarf fie burc^ ba^ offne genfter in ben §of ^imh. 
 i£3a^ tat l)ierauf ber Wiener? ^urj befonnen toarf er ha^ 
 gleifc^, ba6 er eben auf ben ^ifd^ fteKen toollte, mir nid^t^ bir 
 nic^t^, ber ©uppe nad^ auc§ in ben ^of l^inab, bann ba^ ^rot, 
 bann ben iEBein unb enblid^ ba^ ^ifd^tud^ mit allem, toa^ nod^ 
 barauf toar* 
 
 „53ern3egener, h)a6 foil ba^ fein?" fragte ber §err unb ful^r 
 mit brol^enbem 3om oon bem ©effel auf. Hber ber ^ebiente 
 ertoiberte gan^ Mi unb rul^ig: „53ersei]^en Bk mir, toenn 'v^ 3bt*e 
 9}?einung nid^t erraten l^abe. S^ glaubte nid^t anber^, aU Bk 
 toollten l^eute in bem §ofe fpeifen. ^ie ?uft ift fo f)eiter, ber 
 ^immel fo blau, unb fe^en ©ie nur, toie lieblid^ ber 21pfelbaum 
 UVi% unb toie frol^lid^ bk Sienen U)xm 33?ittag l)alten!" — 
 ^ie^mal bie (Suppe fiinabgetoorfen unb ntmmer! 3)er §err 
 erfannte feinen ge^Ier, ^eiterte fid^ im Inblidf beg fd^onen grlx^^ 
 lingg^immelg auf, Ittc^elte l^eimlid^ iiber ben fcOnellen @infal( 
 feineg ^luftoarter^ unb banfte i^m im ©erjen fiir bie gute ^ef)re. 
 
 Sttiei njtffen t§ 
 
 (gin ^anbtoerf^burfd^e fanb einen ^eutel mit (^tlb, BoQkid) 
 iibergab er il^n ber Dbrigfeit ber ncid^ften Btabt, bamit fie ben 
 ^igentlimer ermittle. ^a fagte fein ^amerab p il^m: „^a^ 
 
136 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 fiir cin ^or bift bu! $atteft bu ba^ ©elb nid^t befialten f5n- 
 nen? SBcr tDufete eg benn, ha^ bu c^ gefunben l^atteft?" :Der 
 §anblt)erfgburfd)e gab jur HntiDort: „£), rebe mir nic^t alfo! 
 (gg toufeten s^et barum: mein @ott, ben id^ fiird^te, unb mein 
 ©emlffen, ba^ mic^ rid^tet*" 
 
 ^er SBafunget ©tabtgalgcn 
 
 Dberl^alb iSSafungen im 3:]f)liringerlanbe ftanb auf ctnem 
 
 ^iigel feitmctrt^ ber ^anbftrafee em alter ©algen, ber gel^drte ber 
 
 (Btabt eigentiimlid^, 9^un iDurbe einmal ein frember ^ieb 
 
 eingebrac^t unb fotlte an ben SSafunger (Stabtgalgen gel^enft 
 
 tnerben, !Da traten aber bk iCSafunger 9?atg]^erren bagegen 
 
 auf unb fprad^en: „^ir l^aben f)ier elnen ©algen fiir ung, 
 
 unfre ^tnber unb ^inbe^finber unb brauc^en feme fremben 
 
 armen (giinber bran!" ^Bitten alfo nic^t, ba^ jener T)ith baxan 
 
 gel^enft tryuxbt. Unb ba fie nun ntd^t n)u6ten, tva^ fie mit il^m 
 
 anfangen foKten, gaben fie ii)m ein (BtM ®elb unb fagten il^m, 
 
 er f oEe fid§ feiner iSSege padfen unb fid^ l^enfen laffen, n)o er J^uft 
 
 f)abe, 
 
 S. 33c(|[tcin. 
 
 2Banbrer)g $«a^taeb 
 
 liber atten ©ipfeln 
 
 3ft ^Uf), 
 
 3n arten iSSipfeln 
 
 ©piireft bu 
 
 ^aum einen §aud^; 
 
 ^ie 53ogeIein fd^meigen im iJBalbe. 
 
 iESarte nur, balbe 
 
 ^ul^eft bu aud§. 
 
 ©oeti^c. 
 
SUPPLEMENTARY READING 137 
 
 ^cr fro^c SBanbcr^mann 
 
 1, iSBem ®ott mill recite ©unft ermeifen, 
 !Den f(^t(ft er in bie meite SBelt, . 
 !Denx tDtIt er feme SSunber iDeifen 
 
 3n ^erg unb 3BaIb unb ©trom unb gelb. 
 
 2, !Dte i8(i(^Iein bon ben iBergen fprlngen, 
 2)ie ^erd^en fd^mirren t)o<i) t)or Suft: 
 i£3a^ foltt^ t(^ nid^t mtt tl^nen ftngen 
 ^u^ boiler ^e^F unb frifc^er «ruft? 
 
 3, ^en lieben @ott laff^ td^ nur bjalten; 
 ^er ^ctd^Iein, ^erd^en, SSalb unb gelb 
 Unb dvW unb §immet toltt erf)alten, 
 $at aud^ ttiein (5ad^' auf^ beff befteitt! 
 
 3of. t)on (gid^cnborff. 
 
REPRODUCTIONS 
 
 Lesson 27 
 
 When school was out, it was dark, and black clouds were 
 in the sky. As the scholars came out into the street, it be- 
 gan to rain, at first only a few drops, then more and more. 
 All of a sudden, very heavy drops fell upon the scholars 
 who were running to seek a placewhere they could find shel- 
 ter. But in a short time, the rain ceased^ and the bright 
 sun came through the clouds. It had been only a sudden 
 heavy shower. 
 
 Lesson 29 
 
 A nobleman, who owned a beautiful garden, was taking a 
 walk one day in his park. As he was walking around, he 
 saw his gardener, who was sleeping in the shade of a tree. 
 The latter had not expected his master, as the weather was 
 very warm. When the nobleman found his servant rest- 
 ing instead of working, he became very angry, and called 
 the man a rogue, not fit for the sun to shine upon. But 
 the gardener calmly repHed: "That is the reason why I am 
 lying in the shade." So the master forgot his anger. 
 
 Lesson 31 
 
 Two maids were going to a large town with heavy baskets 
 of fruit which they carried on their heads. One of them 
 was grumbUng, all the time, while the other joked about 
 her work. Soon the first maid said to the second: "How is 
 it that you can laugh when you are carrying just as heavy 
 1 l^firtc . . . auf. 
 138 
 
REPRODUCTIONS 1 39 
 
 a basket as I am carrying? Are you stronger than I?" 
 "No," answered the second girl, ''my basket is not Kghter 
 than yours and I am not stronger than you, but I do not 
 feel my heavy load because I have a precious herb with 
 me that makes my burden lighter. This precious herb is 
 patience." 
 
 Lesson 32 
 
 The industrious farmer tills the soil for us and plants 
 large and small grains of corn. The corn grows by and by 
 into high stalks with many ears of corn. The miller makes 
 fine flour out of the corn, and the baker bakes bread from 
 it. Everybody is fond of good bread. 
 
 Lesson 33 
 
 The first German Emperor in the new empire was Wil- 
 liam I, who reached the ripe old age of almost ninety-one 
 years. When he died in 1888, his sick son ascended the 
 throne. The second German Emperor was called Fred- 
 erick III and was a favorite with the German people. But 
 he died after he had been Emperor for only ninety-nine 
 days. The third German Emperor is the present ruler of 
 the Fatherland. William II was born in 1859. His wife 
 is Auguste Victoria, and they have seven children, six 
 princes and one princess. The oldest son has the title of 
 crown-prince. 
 
 Lesson 34 
 
 The new German Empire has been in existence since the 
 Franco-Prussian war — since 187 1. The United States is 
 considerably larger than the German Empire but has a 
 population only one third greater than that of Germany. 
 The King of Prussia — Prussia is the largest kingdom — is 
 
I40 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 hereditary German Emperor. In case of an attack, he has 
 the right of declaring war, and is the sole representative of 
 the Empire in negotiations with foreign powers. The Em- 
 peror is commander-in-chief of the army and navy. How- 
 ever, he has not the veto-power. 
 
 Among the twenty-six states there are four kingdoms: 
 Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, and Wiirttemberg. All the 
 states send plenipotentiaries to the Federal Council, which 
 convenes in BerHn, the capital of Prussia and of the German 
 Empire. The German citizens elect their own representa- 
 tives to Parliament. The Emperor, the Federal Council, 
 and Parliament make laws and determine the budget for 
 the Empire. 
 
 Besides Berlin, the largest and most important cities are 
 Hamburg, Munich, Leipzig, and Dresden. 
 
 Lesson 37 
 
 A rich merchant whose dog was very watchful had been 
 riding one day to market, where he had made a good deal 
 of money. On his way home he lost his money-bag with- 
 out noticing it. The faithful dog, who had seen the money 
 fall, began to bark so loud that his master beat him. The 
 dog, however, did not stop but kept on barking. The 
 merchant then shot his dog, because he thought the animal 
 had gone mad. After a while he discovered the loss of his 
 money and rode back to find it. At the very place where 
 his money had dropped, his faithful dog lay dead. 
 
 Lesson 38 
 
 A dog which had stolen a large piece of meat was crossing 
 a small river on a narrow plank. When he saw his own 
 
REPRODUCTIONS I4I 
 
 picture in the clear water, he dropped the meat, for he 
 thought that he had seen another dog with a piece of meat. 
 So in the end he had nothing at all, because he had been 
 too greedy. 
 
 Lesson 39 
 
 New York, April 19, 191 2. 
 
 Dear Sir: 
 
 Your letter of the i6th inst. reached me yesterday. If 
 you could come to see me Saturday next, I should be very 
 much obliged to you. We could then talk matters over at 
 our leisure. 
 
 Hoping to hear from you soon, I remain, with kindest 
 regards. 
 
 Yours very sincerely, 
 
 Lester Jones. 
 
 Lesson 40 
 
 Schools are either private or public institutions. The 
 cities have the pubhc schools built. The purpose of all the 
 schools, of course, is to educate the youth of the land in 
 those matters which all children must know so as to be- 
 come useful citizens. Those children who do not care to 
 attend a pubHc school may go to private institutions. 
 Everybody, however, has to attend school between the ages 
 of six and fourteen years. After that, children may leave 
 school and go to work. 
 
 Lesson 41 
 
 One day a man was travehng on foot on a highway. 
 Toward evening he was overtaken by a coachman, who 
 seemed to be in a great hurry, as he was beating his horses 
 
142 
 
 fiercely. The wanderer felt sorry for the animals and 
 asked the driver why he was hurrying so. The latter said 
 he wanted to reach the town before nightfall. Shortly 
 afterwards the jnan overtook a wagon lying by the road- 
 side, and knew that it belonged to the driver whom he 
 had seen a short time before. It is worth while to make 
 haste slowly. 
 
 Lesson 42 
 
 A man who had three friends was summoned to court. 
 He asked his friends to go with him to be his witnesses. 
 His two very best friends, however, forsook him in the hour 
 of need and did not appear before the judge. The third 
 friend, towards whom he had felt indifferent, was the only 
 one who gladly rendered testimony in his behalf. 
 
 Who are the three friends of man? 
 
 Are they not money, friends, and good deeds? 
 
 By what friends is everyone forsaken after death? 
 
 Who alone finds mercy before God? 
 
GRAMMATICAL TABLES 
 
 I. Declension of the Definite Article: 
 3)er-words. 
 
 II. Declension of the Indefinite Article: 
 (Sin-words. 
 
 III. Declension of the Personal Pronouns. 
 
 IV. Declension of the Interrogative Pronouns. 
 V. Declension of the Relative Pronouns. 
 
 VI. Declension of Nouns: 
 
 A. Weak. 
 
 B. Strong. 
 
 C. Mixed. 
 
 VII. Declension of Adjectives: 
 
 A. Strong. 
 
 B. Weak (and Mixed). 
 
 VIII. Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs. 
 
 IX. Numerals. 
 
 X. Prepositions. 
 
 XI. Conjunctions. 
 
 XII. Conjugation of Auxiliaries of Tense: {)aben, feln, 
 Vcerben. 
 
 XIII. Conjugation of Modal Auxiliaries. 
 
 XIV. Conjugation of Weak Verbs: Active and Passive. 
 XV. Conjugation of Reflexive Verbs. 
 
 XVI. Irregular Weak Verbs. 
 
 XVII. Compound Verbs: Inseparable, Separable (Varia- 
 ble). 
 XVIII. Conjugation of Strong Verbs and List of Strong 
 Verbs. 
 
 143 
 
144 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 I. Declension of the Definite Article. 
 
 Singular 
 
 Plural 
 
 
 MASCULINE 
 
 FEMININE NEUTER 
 
 
 Norn. 
 
 ber 
 
 bie ba^ 
 
 bie 
 
 Gen. 
 
 be^ 
 
 ber be« 
 
 ber 
 
 Dat. 
 
 bem 
 
 ber bem 
 
 beti 
 
 Ace. 
 
 ben 
 
 bie ba^ 
 ^er-woRDS 
 
 bie 
 
 Like bcr, hk, ba^ are declined: 
 
 btefer, biefe, bief e^; folc^er, folcje, fotd^e^; mand^er, mand^e, manc^e^; 
 iener, jene, jene^; tcelc^er, h)el(^e, h)elc^e^; jeber, iebe, jebe^ 
 
 (Plural: aHe), 
 
 n. Declension of the Indefinite Article. 
 
 
 
 Singular 
 
 
 Plural- 
 
 MASCULINE 
 
 FEMININE 
 
 NEUTEU 
 
 
 Nom. cin 
 
 eine 
 
 ein 
 
 (einige) 
 
 Gen. eine§ 
 
 ciner 
 
 eineS 
 
 (einifier) 
 
 Dat. einem 
 
 cincr 
 
 einem 
 
 (einigen) 
 
 Ace. einen 
 
 einc 
 
 ein 
 
 (einige) 
 
 ^n-WORDS 
 
 Like cin, cine, cin are declined: 
 
 fein, feine, fein v' "ntein, mcine, mein 
 bein, beine, bein 
 
 (fein, feinc, fein 
 i^r, il)rc, i^r 
 fein, feine, fein 
 
 unfer, nnf(e)re, unfer 
 euer, cure, ener 
 i()r, i^re, il^r 
 mv, 3^6re, 3^r) 
 
GRAMMATICAL TABLES 
 
 145 
 
 III. Declension of the Personal Pronouns. 
 
 
 
 Singular 
 
 
 
 
 
 ist Person 
 
 2d Person 
 
 3d Person 
 
 
 
 
 MASCULINE 
 
 FEMININE 
 
 NEUTER 
 
 Nom. 
 
 i« 
 
 bu 
 
 er 
 
 fie 
 
 e^ 
 
 Gen. 
 
 meiner 
 
 beitier 
 
 feiner 
 
 if)rcr 
 
 feiner 
 
 DaU 
 
 mir 
 
 bir 
 
 if)m 
 
 itir 
 
 if)m 
 
 Ace. 
 
 mvS) 
 
 m 
 
 i^n 
 
 fie 
 
 eS 
 
 Plural 
 
 ist Person 2d Person 
 
 3d Person 
 
 Nom. 
 
 tQXX 
 
 i^r 
 
 fie 
 
 (®ie) 
 
 Gen. 
 
 unfer 
 
 euer 
 
 ifirer 
 
 (3^rer) 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Utt^ 
 
 cud^ 
 
 tl^nen 
 
 (3^nen) 
 
 Ace. 
 
 un^ 
 
 cuc^ 
 
 fie 
 
 (©ie) 
 
 IV. Declension of the Interrogative Pronotins. 
 
 Nom. h)er tt)a« 
 
 
 Gen. trieffen — 
 
 
 Dat. mem — 
 
 
 Ace. iDen toa« 
 
 
 V. Declension of the Relative Pronouns. 
 
 
 Singular 
 
 Plural 
 
 MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER 
 
 
 N. ber, n3elc^er bie, njelc^e ba^, n)eld^eg 
 
 bie, inelc^e 
 
 G. beffctt beren beffen 
 
 bcren 
 
 D. bent, njetc^em ber, Vdt\^tx bem, n)el(5em 
 
 bencn, treld^en 
 
 A. ben, rt)et($en bie, h)elc§e ba^, tnetc^e^ 
 
 bie, tDelc^e 
 
146 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 VI. Declension of Nouns. ^ 
 
 A. WEAK: the -n declension. (iVo Umlaut in Plural.) 
 Singular 
 
 Nom. bic grau, bic :^ef)rcrm bcr ^nabc, ber SO^enfc^ 
 
 Gen. ber grau, bcr !i?e{)rerin beg ^'nabcn, beg 9>Jen[(5cn 
 
 Dat. ber grau, ber Sef)rerin bem ^naben, bem 9D^en[(5cn 
 
 -4cc. bie grau, bie Sef)rerin ben ^naben, ben 9}ienf(^en 
 
 Plural 
 Nom. bie graucn, bie Sefirerinnen 
 Ge«. ber grauen, ber l^el^rerinnen 
 Dat. ben grauen, ben Sef)rerinnen 
 Ace. bie grauen, bie ^e^rerinnen 
 
 bie ^naben, bie 9D?en[c^en 
 ber ^naben, ber SJJenfc^en 
 ben ^naben, ben 9}Jen[(f)en 
 bie ^naben, bie 9}^enfc§en 
 
 
 B 
 
 . STRONG 
 
 
 
 First Class 
 
 ;: the No-ending class. 
 Singular 
 
 
 Nom. 
 
 ber S3atcr, ber SSogcI 
 
 bie gWutter, bie 2:od^ter 
 
 \itL^ M'&'iiisitn 
 
 Gen. 
 
 beS S3ater^, beg 33o8cl^ 
 
 ber Splutter, ber Xod^ter 
 
 beg gWabc^enig 
 
 Dat. 
 
 bem 33ater, bem 53o9eI 
 
 ber ajiutter, ber Zo^itx 
 
 bem Wah^m 
 
 Ace. 
 
 ben SSater, ben SSoget 
 
 bie aiTJutter, bie Xoc^ter 
 Plural 
 
 \ia^ ai^cibc^en 
 
 Nom. 
 
 bie S3ater, bie 55ft9el 
 
 bie ayjittter, bie Stdc^ter 
 
 bie mmtn 
 
 Gen. 
 
 ber S3(iter, ber SBoqcI 
 
 ber abutter, ber Jod^ter 
 
 ber 9D^ab(icn 
 
 Dat. 
 
 ben «atern, ben SSdgeIn 
 
 ben 9D^iittern, ben Jod^tern 
 
 ben W&h6)tn 
 
 Ace. 
 
 bie SSiiter, bie SSogel 
 
 bie 2«iitter, bie Joc^ter 
 
 bie 2)J(ib(^en 
 
 
 Second Class: the -c class. 
 
 
 
 
 Singular 
 
 
 Nom. 
 
 . ber Sa^^r ^cr ^ag 
 
 bie §anb 
 
 \ia^ 3ar)r 
 
 Gen. 
 
 beg Sa^nc^, beg 2:agc^ ber ^anb 
 
 beg 3a^re^ 
 
 Dat. 
 
 bem c3ci^n(e), bem 2:ag(e) ber ^anb 
 
 bem 3ci^^(e) 
 
 Ace. 
 
 Den S^^iM, ben ^^ag 
 
 bie §anb 
 
 bag 3a]^r 
 
 1 Nouns are to be found in the vocabulary. 
 
GRAMMATICAL TABLES 147 
 
 Plural 
 
 Norn, bie 3ft^ttc, bie ^^agc bie §(lnbc bte 3a^t:e 
 
 Ge/?. ber 3ttf)ne, ber ^age ber §anbe ber 3a{)re 
 
 Z>a/. ben ^tt^^^tt/ ^^^ 2:agett ben ^cinben ben 3a()rcn 
 
 Ace. bie 3«^i^e, bie Xa%^ bie ^cinbe bie 3a()re 
 
 Third Class: the -cr class {always Umlaut in Plural). 
 Singular 
 
 Norn, 'td^ 53u(5 ber 9D?ann 
 
 Gen. beg 58uc^c^ beg SJJannc^ 
 
 Dat. bem 33u(5(e) bent 9}?ann(e) 
 
 Ace. hd^ ^u(^ ben 9)Jann 
 
 Plural 
 
 Nom. bie 58iic5er bie SO^iinner 
 
 Gen. ber ^iid^er ber 9}Janner 
 
 i9a;. ben iBiid^em ben SQJannem 
 
 ^cc. bie iBlic^er bie 9D?anner 
 
 C. MIXED DECLENSION 
 
 Nom. ber ©taat bag 5lngc, ba^ £)^x 
 
 Gen. beg ®taatc^ beg 5lngc^, beg Of)re^ 
 
 Z)a/. bem ®taat(e) bem 5luge, bem O^r(e) 
 
 Ace. ben ©taat bag 5luge, bag €)^x 
 
 Plural 
 
 Nom. bie ©taatcn bie 5Iugen, bie Ol^ren 
 
 Gen, ber <Staaten ber 5lugen, ber O^ren 
 
 Dat. ben <Btaattn ben 2Iugen, ben 0()ren 
 
 Ace. bie ©taaten bie Hngen, bie £)^xm 
 
I4» 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 VII. Declension of Adjectives. 
 
 A. STRONG (like the definite article). 
 
 
 
 Singular 
 
 
 
 Norn. 
 
 Ueber 5Bater 
 
 liebc grau 
 
 Ikht^ ^inb 
 
 Gen. 
 
 liebc^ (-en) S3aterg liebcr grau 
 
 liebc^ (-en) tinbeg 
 
 Dat. 
 
 liebcm S3ater 
 
 liebcr grau 
 
 liebcm ^inb(e) 
 
 Ace. 
 
 Iiebcn 33ater 
 
 liebc grau 
 Plural 
 
 liebc)^ ^inb 
 
 Norn. 
 
 Itebc mitt ' 
 
 liebe grauen 
 
 liebe ^inber 
 
 Gen. 
 
 liebcr ^Sitter 
 
 lieber grauen 
 
 lieber Winter 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Iiebcn 58atem 
 
 lieben grauen 
 
 lieben ^inbem 
 
 Ace. 
 
 liebc max 
 
 liebe grauen 
 
 liebe ^inber 
 
 
 B. 
 
 WEAK (and MIXED) 
 Singular 
 
 
 Norn. 
 
 bcr liebc SSoter 
 
 btc liebc %XQXL 
 
 \>a§ liebc ^inb 
 
 
 ein liebcr S3ater 
 
 cine liebe ^^rou 
 
 cin liebc^ ^inb 
 
 Gen. 
 
 beg Iiebcn SSatcr6 
 
 ber Iiebcn grau 
 
 be« Iiebcn tinbe« 
 
 
 cineS lieben 9Sater6 
 
 ciner lieben grau 
 
 cineS lieben ^inbe6 
 
 Dat. 
 
 bcm Iiebcn S3atcr 
 
 ber Iiebcn grau 
 
 bem Iiebcn ^inb(e) 
 
 
 cinem licben SSater 
 
 ciner lieben grau 
 
 cinem lieben ^inb(e) 
 
 Ace. 
 
 ben Iiebcn S3ater 
 
 bic liebe grau 
 
 has liebe ^inb 
 
 
 einen lieben S3ater 
 
 cine liebe grau 
 Plural 
 
 ein liebciS ^inb 
 
 
 Nom. 
 
 bic Itebcn 
 
 
 
 Gen. 
 
 ber Iiebcn -^ 
 
 
 
 Dat. 
 
 ben Iiebcn 
 (feinen) 
 
 • S3atem 
 
 grauen 
 
 . ^inbem 
 
 
 Ace. 
 
 bie Iiebcn 
 (feine) 
 
 ■ S3ater 
 grauen 
 I tinber 
 
 
GRAMMATICAL TABLES 
 
 149 
 
 Like bcr KeBc SSater, etc., are declined: 
 
 berjenige bie}enige ba^ienige 
 
 berfelbe biefelbe ba^felbe 
 
 ber mein(tg)e biemein(ig)e ba^ Tnein(ig)e 
 
 bieicnigen 
 
 biefelben 
 
 bie metn(ig)en, etc. 
 
 VIII. Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs. 
 
 Adjective 
 
 Adverb 
 
 POSI- 
 TIVE 
 
 COMPARA- 
 TIVE 
 
 SUPE1?T,ATIVE 
 
 POSI- 
 TIVE 
 
 COMPARA- 
 TIVE 
 
 SUPERLATIVE 
 
 reid^ 
 
 retc^cr 
 
 bcr retd^ftc 
 
 reicS 
 
 reic^er 
 
 am reid^ften 
 
 arm 
 
 ftrmer 
 
 ber firmfte 
 
 arm 
 
 armer 
 
 am arm[ten 
 
 fait 
 
 falter 
 
 ber faltcftc 
 
 fait 
 
 fttlter 
 
 am fttlteften 
 
 furs 
 
 fiirger 
 
 ber fiirgcfte 
 
 furs 
 
 fiirger 
 
 am fUrgeften 
 
 gut 
 
 beffer 
 
 ber befte 
 
 gut 
 
 beffer 
 
 am beften 
 
 Die! 
 
 (me()r) 
 
 ber meiftc 
 
 t)iet 
 
 mel^r 
 
 am metften 
 
 Adjectives in the comparative or superlative are declined in the same 
 manner as adjectives in the positive degree. 
 
 For the English predicate superlative without the, German uses the 
 om-form. / 
 
 IX. Numerals. 
 
 1 ein6 
 
 2 gtt)et 
 
 3 brei 
 
 4 i)ier 
 
 5 m 
 
 6 fec^g 
 
 7 fieben 
 
 8 ac^t 
 
 9 neun 
 10 gel)n 
 
 11 elf 
 
 12 gtDOlf 
 
 13 bretgel)n 
 
 14 t)iergel)n 
 
 15 Wsel)n 
 
 16 [ec^selin 
 
 17 fteb3el)n 
 
 18 ad^tsel)n 
 
 19 neunjel)n 
 
 20 atDangig 
 
 Cardinals 
 
 30 breifttg 
 
 40 'okxm 
 
 50 fiinfstg 
 
 60 fed^gtg 
 
 70 fielbsig 
 
 80 ad^tsig 
 
 90 neunjig 
 
 100 f)unbert 
 
 999 neun^unbert ncununbneuugtg 
 
 1000 taufeub 
 
ISO 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 Ordinals 
 
 I St, ber crfte 
 
 nth, ber elfte 
 
 2d, ber gn)eitc 
 
 19th, ber neunjel^ntc 
 
 3d, ber britte 
 
 20th, ber gtDan^igftc 
 
 4th, ber Dierte 
 
 2ist, ber emunbgtranjigfte 
 
 5th, ber fiinfte 
 
 30th, ber breifeigftc 
 
 6th, ber fec^fte 
 
 40th, ber biergigfte 
 
 7 th, ber fteb(en)te 
 
 looth, ber f)unbertfte 
 
 8th, ber arfitc 
 
 loist, ber f)unberter[te 
 
 9th, ber neuntc 
 
 200th, ber gmeil^unbertfte 
 
 loth, ber ge^ntc 
 
 loooth, ber taufenbfte 
 
 X. Prepositions. 
 
 
 WITH THE WITH THE 
 
 WITH DATIVE WITH THE 
 
 DATIVE ACCUSATIVE 
 
 OR ACCUSATIVE GENITIVE 
 
 tnit burd^ 
 
 an it)(i()renb 
 
 nad^ fiir 
 
 auf inegen 
 
 bet otjut 
 
 f)inter trol? 
 
 t)ort gegen 
 
 \ neben (an)ftatt 
 
 Su urn 
 
 in 
 
 au^ 
 
 iiber 
 
 feit 
 
 unter 
 
 aufeer 
 
 \)0V 
 
 
 gmifd^en 
 
 E.g. 3d^ fte{)e ait bcm genfter, aber id^ gefie an bag genfter. 
 
 XI. Conjunctions. 
 
 unb 
 ober 
 
 Coordinating 
 
 aber [onbem 
 
 benn (allein) 
 
 E.g. 
 
 Sir Uefen auf bie ©trage, benn unfer i^el^rer ^attc e^ be^ 
 fo()Ien. 
 
GRAMMATICAL TABLES 
 
 151 
 
 The other conjunctions are subordinating 
 E.g. SSir Itefen auf bie ©trafee, totxl unfer Sefirer e§ befol^ten 
 
 Cf. 2Bir liefen auf bie (Strafee, bic nod^ gatis nafe itiar. 
 Subordinating 
 
 alg 
 
 ba6 
 
 ob 
 
 t»a()renb 
 
 (bet)or) efie 
 
 [0 'aa^ 
 
 alg ob 
 
 toeil 
 
 bi« 
 
 inbem 
 
 obGlei($, obh)of)I 
 
 h)enn 
 
 ba 
 
 na(5bem 
 
 feit, feitbem 
 
 tDeTiTigtei(5 
 
 bamlt 
 
 
 fobalb at6 
 
 h)ie 
 
152 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 
 <3J 
 
 en 
 
 >i3> ^'^ <^ 
 
 
 >C3- 
 
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 rt-g ^ fii§^®^ ^M ^ B&'if-^ ^S 
 
 <35 ^ 
 
 -^^ ^ ?t 
 
 
 
 
 mM ^ fii&©^ rg^^ ^ B&'§ 
 
 .;:2 .A 
 
 >^ 
 
 H 
 O 
 
 W 
 
GRAMMATICAL TABLES 
 
 153 
 
 
 
 Co « 
 
 <33 
 
 r§^J 
 
 
 ♦ S 
 
 BBS 
 
 
 g 
 
 
 pj 
 
 
 s 
 
 H 
 
 pit 
 
 B 
 
 t3 
 
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 "^ ^ ?^ 
 
 
 sO 
 
 03 -4-* 
 
 
 fi 
 
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 ^•^ fi 
 
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 ^ S3 
 
 5 ^ 
 
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 j-i p^ Ph 
 
 § 
 
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 sC3- rf5« >£5^ 
 
 
 
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 ^ 
 
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154 
 
 
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 € 
 
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 ^ «^^"S diSst:is :: 
 
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GRAMMATICAL TABLES 1 55 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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156 
 
 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 
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GRAMMATICAL TABLES 1 57 
 
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158 
 
 beginners' GERMAN 
 
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 .^5 ^ £.^® i^ 
 
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GRAMMATICAL TABLES 
 
 159 
 
 
 
 o o 
 
 •4-» O 
 
 <U c> (IP -J;-* 
 
 <u «> <?» iij 
 
 « w ^ o 
 o o 2i S 
 
 i2. 4> 
 
 
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 ^ 
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 beginners' GERMAN 
 
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GRAMMATICAL TABLES l6l 
 
 
 e 
 
 
 
 C33 
 
 p ^ ^ i o i o 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 H ^£S^ ^ O Sis O 
 
 vO ^ 
 
 
 <33 w 
 
 .9 ^ « S g 
 
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GRAMMATICAL TABLES 
 
 163 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •<-> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 (U 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■M 
 OP 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •I 
 
 
 
 l-s 
 
 g 
 
 
 
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164 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 
 
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GRAMMATICAL TABLES 
 
 i6s 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 "i^ 
 
 1 
 
 «> o 
 
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 «o -o 
 
 a:> 
 
 j3 J-> 
 
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i66 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 XVI. Irregular Weak Verbs. 
 
 INFINITIVE 
 
 PRETERIT 
 
 PAST PARTICIPLE 
 
 brennen 
 rennen 
 
 brannte 
 rannte 
 
 fiebrannt 
 tft gerannt 
 
 fennen 
 nennen 
 
 fanntc 
 nannte 
 
 gefannt 
 genannt 
 
 fenben 
 toenben 
 
 fanbte 
 n)anbtc 
 
 gefanbt 
 fien)anbt 
 
 bringen 
 benfen 
 
 brad^tc 
 bad^te 
 
 gebad^t 
 
 h)iffen (id^ toeife) 
 
 h3u6tc 
 
 fiemugt 
 
 Note: Bennett ®ic ben oltcn 'Mann? 
 
 'iRdn, id) fcnnc it)n nid^t, aber id) ttjctft, too cr tool^nt. 
 
 XVII. Compound Verbs. 
 
 I. Inseparable 
 
 Verbs compounded with one of the six wwaccented prefixes: 
 
 be- ent- er- 
 ge- t)er- ser- 
 
 are conjugated like the simple verbs. But the past participle 
 is without the augment gc-. 
 Cf. Verbs in -teren (marfd^ieren, nxarfd^ierte, marfd^iert). 
 
 Note: ent- becomes cmp- in: cmpfangcn, cmpfcl^Icn, cmpfinbcn. 
 
 II. Separable 
 
 The prefix is a part of speech and is accented. 
 
 Present — id^ mad^e ble ^tlr gu. 
 Preterit — bu ntad^teft bte Xilr ju* 
 Future — er toirb bie 2;ilr jumac^en* 
 
GRAMMATICAL TABLES 1 67 
 
 Perfect — mlr I)aben bie 2:ilren suaemad^t. 
 Pluperfect — i^v {)attet bie 2:iiren gugemad^t, 
 Perf. Cond. — fie miirben bie 2:uren pgemac^t i)ahtxu 
 
 Note: 2118 ic^ bie Xiiv sumac^tc, QitiQ cr fort. 
 
 III. Variable 
 
 The particles: 
 
 burd^, itfier, untcr, 
 um unb micbct (Winter) 
 
 are either separable, accented, or inseparable, unaccented. 
 
 E.g. 
 
 SEPARABLE INSEPARABLE 
 
 f f *" 1 to -t over ;j';g" 1 to translate 
 
i68 
 
 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 
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GRAMMATICAL TABLES 1 69 
 
 
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 \D 
 
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 Ph 
 
 
 c 
 
 
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 i-» 
 
 
 
 
 
 •ITIO 
 
 men, 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 .Si 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 
 ^ : 
 
 s 
 
 ft 
 
 
 H 
 
 HH 
 
 
 
 
 !z; ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 w ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 en .5 
 
 
 
 
 
 S B 
 
 
 
 
 
 PM ^ 
 
 
 
 
170 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 List of Strong Verbs 
 
 iNFIKmVE 
 
 Pretkrit 
 
 Past Participib 
 
 hadtn, bake (bftdt) 
 
 hut, hadtt 
 
 gebodfcn 
 
 ftefc^Icn, command (bcficl^It) 
 
 befal^I 
 
 befoI)Icn 
 
 ficginncn, begin 
 
 begann 
 
 begonncn 
 
 bti^tn, bite 
 
 bife 
 
 gcbiffcn 
 
 hkqtn, bend 
 
 bSfl 
 
 gcbogcn 
 
 bictctt, offer 
 
 hot 
 
 gebotcn 
 
 binbcn, bind 
 
 htmb 
 
 gebunben 
 
 bitten, beg 
 
 bSt 
 
 gebcten 
 
 blofcn, blow (bWft) 
 
 bae« 
 
 geblafcn 
 
 blcibcn, remain 
 
 biteb 
 
 ift geblicben 
 
 bratcn, roast (brSt) 
 
 brlet 
 
 gebratcn 
 
 brct^cn, break (bric^t) 
 
 brad^ 
 
 gebrod^en 
 
 brtngcn, press 
 
 brang 
 
 ift gcbrungen 
 
 cmpfc^'tcn, recommend (cmp* 
 
 
 
 fie^It) 
 
 trmpW 
 
 cmpfol^Icn 
 
 crft^rcrfcn, become frightened 
 
 
 
 (erfc^rtdft) 
 
 crfd^raf 
 
 Ift erfci^rocfen 
 
 cffcn, eat (ifet) 
 
 afe 
 
 gegeffcn 
 
 ftt^rcn, drive (ftt^rt) 
 
 fu^r 
 
 ift gefal)ren 
 
 fatten, fall (fsat) 
 
 m 
 
 ift gcfallen 
 
 fangen, catch (fttngt) 
 
 ntifl 
 
 gefongen 
 
 fet^ten, fight (fid^t) 
 
 Mt 
 
 gefod^tcn 
 
 finben, find 
 
 fanb 
 
 gefunben 
 
 fltegen, fly 
 
 P58 
 
 ift geflogcn 
 
 flic^en, flee 
 
 m 
 
 ift gcflo^cn 
 
 flie^en, flow 
 
 m 
 
 ift geftoffcn 
 
 freffcn, eat (of animals) (frtfet) 
 
 \m 
 
 gefreffen 
 
 friercn, freeze 
 
 fror 
 
 gefrorcn 
 
 gebarcn, give birth to (gcbiert) 
 
 gebar 
 
 geboren 
 
 geben, give (gibt) 
 
 sab 
 
 gegcben 
 
 ge^en, go 
 
 fitng 
 
 ift gegangen 
 
 gcltngcn, succeed (eg gelingt mir) 
 
 c^ getang 
 
 C)§ ift gelungen 
 
 gclten, be worth (gilt) 
 
 gait 
 
 gcgolten 
 
 genefen, recover 
 
 gcnaS 
 
 ift gcnefcn 
 
 genie^en, enjoy 
 
 gcnofe 
 
 genoffen 
 
 gef(^e^en, happen (gefc^ic]()t) 
 
 gcfd^af) 
 
 c^ ift gef(^ef)en 
 
 gchiinnen, gain 
 
 getoann 
 
 gelDonncn 
 
 giefecn, pour 
 
 m 
 
 gegoffen 
 
GRAMMATICAL TABLES 
 
 171 
 
 Infinitive 
 Qhxtiim, resemble 
 gleitcn, glide 
 Qtahcn, dig (grSbt) 
 grcifcn, seize 
 fatten, hold (pit) 
 
 Preterit 
 filitt 
 
 firub 
 firiff 
 fliclt 
 
 l^angctt, hang {intrans.) (^(ingt) l^ing {intr 
 
 l^auen, hew, strike t)ieb 
 
 l^cbcn, lift f)ob (l^ub) 
 
 l^ci^Ctt, call, be called I)ie& 
 
 l^clfcn, help (t)ilft) tialf 
 
 fltngen, sound flang 
 
 lomtncn, come tarn 
 
 frtcd^en, creep frod^ 
 labcn, invite, load (lobct, liibt) lub 
 
 laffcn, let (lafet) liefe 
 
 (aufcn, run (liiuft) lief 
 
 Icibcn, suffer Utt 
 
 Ici^Ctt, lend Itcl^ 
 
 (cfen, read (Ucft) VBA 
 
 (icgcn, lie lag 
 
 liigcn, lie (tell a lie) log 
 
 tncffcn, measure (nti&t) ma^ 
 
 ne^men, take (nimmt) na{)nt 
 
 <)fcifett, whistle pfiff 
 
 )>rctfcn, praise prieS 
 
 rotcn, advise (riit) rict 
 
 rcibcn, rub ricb 
 
 rctften, tear rife 
 
 tcitcn, ride ritt 
 
 ricd^cn, smell r5d^ 
 
 rufcn, call ricf 
 f ouf en, drink {of animals) (fSuft) (off 
 
 fj^offcn, create fd^uf 
 
 fd^eibcn, part fd^ieb 
 
 fd^etnen, seem fd^ten 
 
 f(^cltcn, scold (fd^llt) fd^alt 
 
 fd^te^en, shoot fc^ofe 
 
 ft^Iafen, sleep (fd^Icift) fc^Iief 
 
 fd^Iagcn, strike (fc^Iagt) fd^Iug 
 
 fd^Ieid^cn, sneak f(^Iic^ 
 
 Past Participle 
 
 gcglic^en 
 ift geglitten 
 
 gegrabcn 
 
 gegriffen 
 
 gc^alten 
 , and tr.) ge{)angen {intr. and tr.) 
 
 gcfiauen 
 
 gef)oben 
 
 gel)cifeen 
 
 gef)otfen 
 
 geflungen 
 ift gcfommen 
 ift gefroc^en 
 
 gcloben 
 
 gclaffcn 
 ift gclaufen 
 
 gelittcn 
 
 gclief)en 
 
 gelefen 
 
 gelegen 
 
 gelogcn 
 
 gemeffcn 
 
 genommen 
 
 gepftffcn 
 
 gcpriefen 
 
 geratcn 
 
 gerteben 
 
 gcriffcn 
 ift gcrittcn 
 
 gcrod^cn 
 
 gerufen 
 
 gefoffcn 
 
 gefc^offen 
 {fiat) ift gefd^ieben 
 
 gefd^ienen 
 
 gefc^olten 
 
 ge[c^o[[en 
 
 gefd^Iafen 
 
 gefd^Iagen 
 ift ge[(^Iid^en 
 
172 
 
 BEGINNERS^ GERMAN 
 
 Infinitive 
 
 PRETKRrr 
 
 Past Participle 
 
 f(^tic^cn, shut 
 
 mo^ 
 
 gefc^Ioffen 
 
 f(^Iingcn, sling 
 
 Warn 
 
 gefd^Iungen 
 
 f(^mcl5cn, melt (fd^milit) 
 
 fd^molj 
 
 (^at)ift gefc^molscn 
 
 fc^neibcn, cut 
 
 fd^nltt 
 
 gcfc^uittcn 
 
 f{^rct&cn, write 
 
 fd^ricb 
 
 gefd^ricben 
 
 fdircicn, cry 
 
 fd^ric 
 
 gefd^riecn 
 
 fc^rcUcn, stride 
 
 fd^ritt 
 
 tft gcfd^ritten 
 
 fc^hjcigcn, be silent 
 
 fc^totcg 
 
 gcfc^micgcn 
 
 fc^hJtmmcn, swim 
 
 i^toamm 
 
 ift gefd^mommcn 
 
 id)toinhtn, vanish 
 
 fd^ioaub 
 
 tft gefd^iDunben 
 
 fd^hjtngcn, swing 
 
 f(|h3ang 
 
 gcfc^n)ungcn 
 
 fd^ltJdrcn, swear 
 
 fd^lDur, fd^toor gef(^h)orcn 
 
 fc^cn, see ([ief)t) 
 
 fa^ 
 
 gcfefieu 
 
 ftngcn, sing 
 
 fong 
 
 • gcfuugcn 
 
 ftnfcn, sink 
 
 fanf 
 
 ift gefunfcn 
 
 fmncn, think 
 
 faun 
 
 gcfonncn 
 
 ft^cn, sit 
 
 fafe 
 
 gefeffcn 
 
 f^jtnncn, spin 
 
 fpann 
 
 gcfponnen 
 
 fprgc^cn, speak (fprtd^t) 
 
 fljrad^ 
 
 gefprSd^en 
 
 ipm^tn, sprout 
 
 Wfe 
 
 gcfproffen 
 
 f^^ringcn, spring 
 
 fpraug 
 
 tft gcfprungcn 
 
 imcn, prick (ftid^t) 
 
 ftad^ 
 
 geftod^cn 
 
 ftcl^cu, stand 
 
 ftanb 
 
 gcftanbcn 
 
 ftc^tctt, steal (ftic^It) 
 
 \m 
 
 gcftol^Ien 
 
 ftcigctt, climb, mount 
 
 ftieg 
 
 ift gcfticgcn 
 
 ftcrficn, die (fttrbt) 
 
 ftarb 
 
 ift geftorbcn 
 
 Wen, push (ftdfet) 
 
 ftiefe 
 
 gcftofecn 
 
 ftrct(^cn, stroke 
 
 ftrid^ 
 
 gcftrid^en 
 
 ftrcitctt, contend 
 
 [tritt 
 
 geftrittcn 
 
 tragcn, carry (trtigt) 
 
 trug 
 
 gctrogcn 
 
 trcffcn, hit, meet (trifft) 
 
 trof 
 
 getroffcn 
 
 trctbcn, drive 
 
 tricb 
 
 gctricbcn 
 
 trctcn, tread (tritt) 
 
 trat 
 
 ift gctreten 
 
 trinfcn, drink 
 
 troni 
 
 gctrunfcn 
 
 tun, do (tut) 
 
 tat 
 
 gctan 
 
 ticrbcrficn, ruin, spoil (dcrbirbt) 
 
 bcrborb 
 
 ift berborbcu (intrans.) 
 fiat bcrborbcn (trans.) 
 
 kicrgcffcn, forget (dergifet) 
 
 bcrgafe 
 
 bergcffcn 
 
 tjcrlicrcn, lose 
 
 bcrlor 
 
 bcrlorcn 
 
 toat^fcn, grow (md)\t) 
 
 toud^S 
 
 ift gcmad^fen 
 
GRAMMATICAL TABLES 
 
 ^73 
 
 Infinitive 
 
 Preterit 
 
 Past PARTiciPtE 
 
 toSfc^en, wash {m\(i)t) 
 
 iDUfd^ 
 
 gctoafd^en 
 
 toctd^cn, yield 
 
 toid^ 
 
 Ift gcmic^en 
 
 toeifcn, show 
 
 n){c« 
 
 gehjiefen 
 
 ftjcrfen, throw (hjtrft) 
 
 ioarf 
 
 gctoorfcn 
 
 ttJtcgctt, weigh 
 
 n)08| 
 
 gclDOficn 
 
 gciJ^en, accuse 
 
 aie^ 
 
 gc3ic{)cn 
 
 jicl^cn, draw; move 
 
 m 
 
 ift moQtn (intrans.) 
 fiat gcgogcn (trans.) 
 
 gtotngcn, force 
 
 glDong 
 
 gegtDungen 
 
ABSTRACT OF GERMAN GRAMMAR 
 
 HHc iE36rtcr, bte fonjugtert h)crben fSnnen, l^cigcn JBerBa (3ett^ 
 iDorter). 
 
 2ltte SBorter, bic bcnintcrt tDcrben f5nncn, i)dim Sflomtna. @§ 
 fiibt mcf)rerc 2lrten ber 5^otnma: 
 
 a. ©ubftantida (§aupth)drter. ®ro6 fd^retbenl) 
 J. ^Jronomina (gUrtoorter) 
 
 c. 5(rtifel, beftitnmt unb unbeftimtnt 
 
 J. 5lbieftba 
 
 e. Slumeralta (3ci()lh)ortcr). 
 
 SBbrter, bie nid^t fleftiert n)erben f5nnen, ftnb: 
 
 fl. 5lbt)erbia 
 
 b. ^rcipofitlonen 
 
 c. ^onjunfttonen 
 
 d. ^nterieftioneti, 
 
 I. ^ic ^efttnattutt 
 
 A. Ss gtbt 3 ©cnera (®ef c^Iec^ter) : i^agMmutn (mattnU(5), 
 gcminimum (ttjeiblid^) unb 5^eutrum (fcic^Iid^), 
 
 B. (gg Qibt 2 9^umeri (3a()len): lingular (^ttisa^t) unb plural 
 (2«e^rsa()I), 
 
 C. m gibt 4 ^afug (galle): 9^omtnattt), ©cnitb, :Datit) unb 
 5l«ufatit). 
 
 SD^an unterfd^eibet 2 5lrten ber ©uBftanttti^^eflmatton: bte 
 ftarfe unb bie fd^mac^e ©efUnation. 
 
 Sg Qtbt aud^ eine fogenannte gemif d^te SDenination*— gremb* 
 tofirter unb Sigennamen ftnb befonber^ su berildfftd^tigen. 
 
 174 
 
ABSTRACT OF GERMAN GRAMMAR 175 
 
 1, ^erfonatpronoTttina (bagu ^eflejiDpronomcn) 
 
 2, "ipoffefftbpronomma 
 
 3, !^eTnonftratit)pronomma 
 
 4, 9?elatiDpronomina 
 
 5, ^nterrogatit)pronomma 
 
 6, ^nbefinitpronomma* 
 
 $)cf(mation bcr SlbjcftitJC 
 
 3ebe« attributive Slbfefttt) fann ftarf unb fcJiDad^ beflinicrt iDcr* 
 ben. 2)ag al^ ^rabifat gebraud^te HbieftiD ift ftejion«Io6. 
 
 ^0m|iaratuin (Steigerung) be^ SlbjeftbiS 
 
 a. $o[itit) 
 6. ^omparatiD 
 c. ©uperlatib. 
 Oualitatibe 5lbt)erbicn fonnen aud^ fompariert (gefteigert) ttierben. 
 
 ^cflinotion bcr Slumcralia (Sa^ttoortcr) 
 
 !^ie ^ttJI^orter gerfatlen in ^arbinalia unb Orbinalia. ^Setjterc 
 iDerben Joie bie Hbiefttt)e befliniert, 
 
 ^ra^jofttioncn 
 
 We ec^ten "iprttpofitionen regieren ben ^atitt ober ben Slffufatit). 
 Uned^te ^rapofitionen ^ahm ben ^enitit) bei fid^. 
 
 n. ^tc ^onjugatton 
 
 ^. (Sg gibt 3 'iPerfonen (erfte "iperfon ufh).)* 
 5. (g0 gibt 2 9^umeri (^a^ten): ©ingutar ((gingaf)!) unb 
 plural (aj^ebrjaf)!) (ift je ein 9^umerug). 
 
176 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 C. (g« fiibt 6 Xtmpova (Scitcn): 
 
 ^rafeng (ift ein ^empu3) 
 
 ^fmperfeft 
 
 guturum (lO 
 
 ^erfeft 
 
 ^lu^quamperfcft 
 
 guturum II. 
 
 D. (S« gibt 2 ©enera berbt (Suftanb^formcn): 
 
 5lftit) (ift ein (^enug t)erbi) unb 
 ?5affiD. 
 
 £. (E^ gibt 3 ar^obi (Hu^fageformcn): 
 3?nbifatit) (ift ein $mobu^) 
 ^onjunftit) 
 S^mperatiD; fotoie nod^ bie infiniten SSerbalformcn: 
 
 3nfinitit) unb 
 
 ^Jartigipium (be0 ^Jrcifeng unb be« ^erfeftg). 
 
 ayjan unterfc^eibet gtDei Hrten ber ^oniugation: bie ftarfe unb bic 
 fcj^toad^e Conjugation. @6 gibt atfo ftarfe unb fd^mad^e SSerben. 
 
 @g gibt aud^ eine fogenannte gemifd^te Conjugation. 
 
 Wan unterfc^eibet aud^ Compofita (gufammengefe^te 35erben) 
 mit 3Sorfilben, bie t)om SSerb teil^ untrennbar, teil^ trennbar finb. 
 
 (S^ gibt ferner ^ilfsoerben, fotoie mobale $ilfst)erben, refle^itie 
 unb unperfonTid^e 5Berben. 
 
 5Iuf stoeierlei SSeife merben au^ b^n ©tttmmen neuc SBorter gc* 
 bilbet: 
 
 1. ^urd^ S5ercinberung ber 58ofaIe in ben ©tammfilben; 
 
 2. S)urd§ (grlDeiterung ber ©tammfilben; 
 
 a. burd^ ©uffije 
 
 b. burd^ ^rafijc. 
 
ABSTRACT OF GERMAN GRAMMAR 1 77 
 
 Huger ben mit (Suffijen unb ^raftjen gebtlbeten SSortem gtbt 
 e^ aud^ ^ufammenfe^ungen t)on felbftanbigen SSortern (iBeftim* 
 xnunggiDort unb ©runbtoort), 
 
 I. ^cr einfac^c 8a^ 
 
 3feber <Sa^ entjftlt ein ©ubjeft unb ein "iPrttbifat. 
 ^yiad^ bent ^n^alt tetit man bie ©iilge ein in: 
 
 1. Hu^fagefai^e 
 
 2. gragefa^e 
 
 3. ^ege()runggfai?e (58efe^I unb SSunfd^). 
 
 gntcrpunftiott 
 
 9^a(5 5lu«fagefai^en ftef)t ein "ipunft, nad^ J^agefd^en ein 5rage= 
 geid^en, nad^ ^egefirunggfa^en ein Hu^rufung^S^id^en. 
 
 S3or birefter 9?ebe ftetit gen>o()nlid^ ein ^oppelpunft, 5lnfang 
 unb (Snbe ber bireften $Rebe tt)erben burd^ „Slnfil^runggftrid^c" ge* 
 fennseid^net, 
 
 SDag SSerbum fann ergftn^t hjerben: 
 
 1. burd^ ein Objeft 
 
 2, burd^ eine abijerbiale ^eftimmung* 
 
 ^g gibt abberbiale 53eftimnxungen: 
 
 o. beg Orteg (lofal) e. be§ ©runbe^ (faufal) 
 
 5. ber 2lrt (mobal) /. be6 3n)edf6 (final) 
 
 c. ber B^it (temporal) g. ber ^^olge (fonfefutib) 
 
 d. beg TliittU (inftrumentat) h. ber ©inrttumung (fongeffit)). 
 
 ^agu fommen bie "iPronominal^Hbderbien (n3omit, mogu ufft).; 
 bamit, ba^u uftt).). 
 
 (9^omina !i)nnen burd^ 5lttribute ergttnjt n3erben») 
 
1^8 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 n. ^cr jufammcngcfc^tc @a^ 
 
 iD^Qn unterfc^cibet §auptftt^e unb 9^ebcnfa1^e» 
 
 ^te <Bai^t [tnb cntmeber foorbiniert (beigeorbnet), ober ber etnc 
 tft bent anbem fuborbtnlert (untergeorbnet). 
 
 (S^ gtbt ba()er foorbinierenbe unb fuborbinierenbe ^onjunftionen* 
 
 9^ebenfaigc hjerben t)oni ^auptfalge ftet^ burd^ em ^omma ge* 
 trennt. 
 
 ^uf bag 2:empug beg ^oniunfttt)g ift befonberg in ber tnblreften 
 9?ebe au ac^ten. 
 
 SSortftcffung 
 
 (g« gibt tm !^eutf($en brei Hrten ber SSortfteltung (SSortfoIge): 
 1. 9?e9elma6tge SSortfolge (nomtale) 
 2» 3n^er[ton 
 3» 2)ie SSortfoIgc im S^ebenfa^. 
 
SONGS 
 
 ^iir bterftimmlQcn gcmifd^ten ©d^lilerd^or 
 (Smft m^Viii. 1824. 
 
 P 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 S=^ 
 
 d' S S — ^— •-# 
 
 H »q 1 1 ah- 
 
 1. O S^an^^ncn-baum, o 2;an=ncn*baum, mic trcu finb bci * nc 
 
 2. £) 3:an=nen»baum, 2;onsnen=bauTn, bufonnftmir fc^r qc • 
 
 3. O 2;an«nen=baum, 2:Qn«nen-bauTn, bcin^IciblDill mi(^ luag 
 
 ^ ^ajjj=rg 
 
 ?=p: 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■l—L^U- 
 
 =fcp 
 
 MFC 
 
 A 4f 
 
 ^ K 
 
 r h J 
 
 N 
 
 
 #-^ — ^ .1 >, J" 
 
 -^ — -P — *-^ 
 
 — J- 
 
 _J — J — -l' J — J 
 
 ^\ — « — i -P j 
 
 _H d H 
 
 :J— 
 
 — 1 ^ ^ — =1— ^ — ^ 
 
 1^7 • 1 * 
 
 • • • . w 
 
 ^ s s s \ 
 
 t; -^ V 
 
 
 Slat = ter! ®u griinft nid^t nur 
 
 3ur ©om»mcr«3ctt, ncin 
 
 fat =» Icn! SBic oft l^ot ni(!^t 
 
 jur S[Bci{)*nQ(^t8*scit cin 
 
 Icl^ * rcn: ^ie ^off « nung unb 
 
 S3c * ftan » big > Mt gibt 
 
 f^ - i^ ^ • 
 
 ft « ^ ^ ^ 
 
 /m^'n ^ St* 
 
 p 1 p • 
 
 » 
 
 1 1 r 1 
 
 ^01_ 
 
 ' — :Pl 
 
 ~t? tp 
 
 =?- 
 
 ^# — f y ^ r 
 
 \ 
 
 r r ' ^ 1 
 
 
 
 L-t,* 1/ 1 '^ 1 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 £E? 
 
 ^ 
 
 aud^ tm Wm * tcr, tocnn e8 fd^ncit! 
 53auTnDon bir mtd^ ]^o(^ cr*frcut! 
 2ro[t unb ^raft ju jc = bcr 3eit. 
 -^ - . - - N ) 
 
 :t?=t: 
 
 179 
 
 O %a.n ' ncn=boum, o 
 O Jan * ncn=boum, o 
 O 2:an s ncn^baum, o 
 
 E 
 
 t-^=F! 
 
 q?= 
 
i8o 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 I J'J.JJ J i J JJ j ij jii 
 
 Zan • nen'baitin, toie treu finb bci - nc SSIttt • terl 
 Jlon * nen»baum, bu fannft mir fe^r gc > fol » Icn! 
 ^n * ncn»baum, bein ^Icib h)iU mic^ tpad Ic^ » rcn! 
 
 ^ 
 
 J 
 
 f n ^if f" 
 
 ^^ 
 
 X)le Sotcici 
 
 Snagig langfam. 
 
 2«eU toon gfrlebr. ©U«cr, 1789-1860. 
 Zonf. toon Serine. 
 
 jUM.) \ ^ i i \ \.. U \ i h^ 
 
 1. 3f(^tt)et6nlc^t,n)a8foa e« be - beu * ten, bafe tc^ fo traumg 
 
 2. 5)ie fc^iJn * fte Sung » frou fit » get bort o « ben njun*bcr • 
 
 3. 2)en ©(^if*fer Int nci*ncn®(:^if*fe er^greift e« mit toxUbcm 
 
 ^ ' n i h fet Jf i fi ' Mr i^ 
 
 ;r/; n; 
 
 
 bin; 
 bar, 
 
 eln SD^ttr * (^en qu8 
 ibr golb * nc8 Cdt 
 er fd^aut ntc^t bie 
 
 poco cres. 
 
 ol ' ten 
 fd^mei = be 
 gel » fen 
 
 3ei 
 but 
 rif 
 
 ten, bo8 
 act, fie 
 fe, er 
 
 -I— # 
 
 ^ 
 
 m 
 
 
SONGS 
 
 i8i 
 
 i 
 
 J=r=»=«=i=^ 
 
 te: 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 -C 
 
 fommt mir nic^t au« bcm ©inn. Sic ?uft i[t fii^I^unb c6 
 fftntmt i^r got * be » ne8 ^aar. ©te fammt c8 mit qoI * be * ncm 
 fc^aut nur I)inauf in bic $dl)'. 3d^ glau = be, bic SBcI = Icn ber « 
 
 p^^ 
 
 ■J^:^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 :p=p: 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 p 
 
 =^tJ=^ 
 
 ere*. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 tW 
 
 bun «= felt, unb ru » l^ig flicfet ber $Rf)ein; . . bcr ®ip * fel 
 ^am * me unb fingt cin ?icb ba « bei; ... baS I)at ei > 
 fd^Iin » Qcn am (£n « be ©d^if^fer unb ^af)n; . . unb ba« l^at 
 
 ii 
 
 <t«L^' 
 
 £ 
 
 -TS- 
 
 £ 
 
 
 
 r-* 
 
 r=^ 
 
 beS S3er«0c« fun > felt im 51 * bcnbsfon*ncn * fd^ein. 
 nc h)un»bcr > [a > mc, gc » h)al»ti»gc 9)?c*to * bet. 
 mit 11^ » rem (©in * gen bic So » re » lei ge * ton. 
 
 
 :tpf: 
 
 1^ 
 
 r=T^ 
 
l82 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 atix^tmdii 
 
 $ 
 
 3of. SKo^r, 1792-1848. 
 
 ©anft unb eetraflen. "" 
 
 SroHi ©ruber, 1787-1863. 
 Sonf. bon ©erlng. 
 
 PP 
 
 mf 
 
 Jf (t ==01 FV i ft K 
 
 ^ 
 
 1. ©til -- Ic 9?ad^t, ^ct * It * qc 5^ad^t! 211 * Ie8 fd^Ittft, 
 
 2. etil * le S^lac^t, ^ci « li * Qc 9lad^t! $ir > ten crft 
 
 3. etU ' Ic g^ad^t, l^ei » It * gc ^^lod^t! ®ot - tc8 ©olin, 
 
 9^ -P- 
 
 £ 
 
 P^-#- 
 
 i 
 
 £ 
 
 m/ 
 
 SiA 
 
 f3 
 
 n 
 
 p 
 
 t^-^-fr 
 
 fe^ 
 
 >^ ^ ^ — r 
 
 i *J i 
 
 cm ' fant tuad^t ttur ba« ttautt, l^od^ * l^ci * Ii»ge ^aar; 
 
 funb 0C s ntod^t. '^nv^ bcr ^ngcl ^al * Ic » lu * ia 
 
 h)ic lod^t !2icb' qu8 bci * ncm gott * lichen 9)^unb, 
 
 PP -#-. ^- 
 
 i^^ -E^H^ liUXiH 
 
 ■V — r 
 
 t^^-lr 
 
 i 
 
 t=!^ 
 
 rs^ ^ f\ - 
 
 P 
 
 d=^ 
 
 ^Ej 
 
 =5?^ 
 
 ■^ — ^- 
 
 l^ol » bcr ^na = bc im lof • fisgcn §aar: fc^Iaf in 
 tiJnt c8 laut bott fern unb na^i Slirift, bcr 
 ba un« fc^lagt bic ret* ten* be ®tunb', Slirift, in 
 
 =F-? 
 
 ^^ 
 
 1^^ 
 
 I — r-r 
 
 P/. 
 
 7^ 
 
SONGS 
 
 183 
 
 $ 
 
 -f=t- 
 
 ^^fe: 
 
 I 
 
 -^-n 
 
 tei 
 
 — ^--— *■ 
 
 — -I- -iS^-J: 
 I "-I 
 f(|Iaf in I)imm *U*fc^er 9^ut)'! 
 
 (Et)ri[t, bcr $Ret * \tx, ift ba! — 
 St)rt[t,in bei = iter ®c * burt! 
 
 ^et * ter, t[t ba, — 
 bei = ncr ®e « burt, 
 
 * 
 
 V pp* -^ 
 
 it 
 
 -1^:^ 
 
 a 
 
 g 
 
 ^ 
 
 t=t: 
 
 r^ 
 
 ^ctbenrdi^Iettt 
 
 eth)a« betoegt. 
 
 85oK8h)etfe to. $elnr. SBemer, 1800-1833. 
 ^ Sonf. toon ©ertng. 
 
 S3 
 
 ^ 
 
 P »=i^^^MEi; 
 
 
 *^ 
 
 1. ©a^ cin ^nab' ein 9?oS * letn ftef)n, 9?6S * letn auf bcr 
 
 2. ^na * be fprac^: 3(§ brc * d)e bid^, 9^68 * lein auf ber 
 
 3. Unb ber n)U = be tna * be brad^g 9fto8 » leiti auf ber 
 
 P-#- -#^ -#- -^ -^ 
 
 S 
 
 fi=P: 
 
 :^=p: 
 
 1i=t 
 
 ife5 
 
 ^-l«-#-A 
 
 ^— ^ 
 
 & 
 
 P 
 
 Sg 
 
 l^. 
 
 i=r 
 
 S=:^i=i=±^=j=^« 
 
 Fcr 
 
 ^ct = ben, n3ar fo iung unb mor^gen^c^on! Sief er f(^nett,e3 
 C>ei = ben! 9^o« = lein fprac^: 3c^ fte = d^e bic^, "t^"^ bu e := toig 
 §ei * ben! '^U -- lein n)ef)r = te fic^ unb ftac^, I)alf ifim boc^ fein 
 
 f 
 
 ^ 
 
 i 
 
 M^tfc? 
 
 ^^ 
 
 tt 
 
i84 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 j^j=j=j ^£Uu,^ 
 
 w 
 
 nof) gu fct)'n, fal^'g mtt Die = Icn grcu « ben. 
 
 benfft an mid^, unb ic^ JDill'gnic^t lei * ben! 
 
 SBel^ unb 5ld^, ntufef eS e = ben lei = ben I 
 P 
 
 ^ 
 
 * 
 
 a 
 
 tl#- 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 mf 
 
 h=l^m^ 
 
 f 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 
 I V^ t MS 
 
 ^ 
 
 3to8 . Idn, SR68 • Icin, SR6««fein rot, 8JB«<fein auf ber $ei = ben! 
 rnfcres. | ' /. |!: :]!: ^ ^^H 
 
 ".res. I 
 
 *: 
 
 i^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 :tn=t: 
 
 ^cil bit im Sicgctlrans 
 
 ©alt^afor ©cri&arb ©d&untad&er, 1793. 
 
 $etnrld& parties, 1790. 
 gelerlid^, nid&t ju langfatn. 
 
 2«el.: 3!ol&n SuH, 1563-1628. 
 %on\. t)on & (£r{. 
 
 i 
 
 t=*=T=l 
 
 ^ 
 
 :?s£ 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 — ' 
 
 tcrslanbsl 
 le ^W, 
 fd^e nie 
 9«ut unb traft 
 S3oI * fe§ 3ier, 
 
 1. ^eil bir im 
 
 2. ^lid^t^iofrunb 
 
 3. ^ei * li * Qe 
 
 4. ^anb^Iung unb 
 
 5. @ei, ^ai = fcr 
 
 pro 
 
 * 
 
 ©ie » fiersfrans^^err^d^er bcS 
 3Jei ' fi * ge fi = d^crn bie 
 i^Iam = nte, gW/ 9liif)',unb er 
 SSif *fcn»fd^aft ^e > be mtt 
 SSil = l^elm, f)ier lang bei * neS 
 ^ -*-» 4L If: It 
 
 r : I I 
 
 ftei 
 
 fct 
 
 ■^ 1 F b 1 h- 
 
 fe^ 
 
SONGS 
 
 i8s 
 
 $ 
 
 at 
 
 
 &i 
 
 §eil, ^ai * fer, birl 
 
 rto gur = [ten ftef)n! 
 
 fiir« S3a * ter * lanb! 
 
 if)r ^aupt em * por! 
 
 ber S!}?en[d^»t)eit ©tolj! 
 
 %% 
 
 ^ 
 
 ## 
 
 f5ilf)r in beg 2:f)ro * neg ©lang 
 
 Sic = be beS SI5a * ter = Ianb6, 
 
 SSir al * le ftc = f)en bann, 
 
 ^rie » gcr unb §el - ben = tat 
 
 giif)!' in beS Jl^ro * ne^ ©lanj 
 
 i 
 
 ^: 
 
 ^=^ 
 
 r 
 
 n +t 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 J 
 
 I h 
 
 ^ T 
 
 1 
 
 ^^ ^ 
 
 ■■ 1/ S ■! ! ! 
 
 J 1 1 
 
 i 1 r^ 1 
 
 fy^ 
 
 — ^- 
 
 —%- 
 
 —y- 
 
 -1^ — i — r- 
 
 -4- 
 
 — r-^»^-i-l 
 
 
 <^ 
 
 
 
 d ' • 9 
 
 
 -^-H 
 
 
 bie 
 
 f)0 
 
 > %t 
 
 SSon * nc ganj, 
 
 ?ieb 
 
 » ling beg 
 
 
 Sie 
 
 « be 
 
 beg 
 
 frei » en SD^anng 
 
 Qriin 
 
 - bet ben 
 
 
 mu 
 
 * tig 
 
 fur 
 
 ei = nen 9)?ann, 
 
 famp 
 
 = fen unb 
 
 
 fin 
 
 = be 
 
 ifir 
 
 Sor = beer * blatt 
 
 treu 
 
 auf * fic := 
 
 
 bie 
 
 ^0 
 
 » f)C 
 
 2Bon * ne ganj, 
 
 Sieb 
 
 * ling beg 
 
 
 — #- 
 
 1 — 
 
 ..f:_... 
 
 — b — 
 
 _i. .^ ^• 
 
 
 — ^-1 
 
 ^ 
 
 IZ?~ 
 
 
 — w — 
 
 ^^= 
 
 F= 
 
 =t= 
 
 t r1 
 
 i^^^ 
 
 * Ober: 
 11 ^ 
 
 iE* 
 
 1 
 
 e: 
 
 f=r 
 
 P=5 
 
 «# 
 
 «oIfg p fein! 
 
 §err * fc^er=t]^ron 
 blu * ten gem 
 f)o = ben bort 
 
 35oIfg gu fein! 
 
 ^ai « fer, bir! 
 
 geig im 9D?eer. 
 
 2:^ron unb 9?eic^. 
 
 bei = nem Sl^ron. 
 ^ai = fer, bir! 
 
 g:i 
 
 
 =F=^ 
 
 ^==--. 
 
 T 
 
 i 
 
i86 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 ^ie fl&a^t am JRi^cin 
 
 
 SKor ©d&nedtenburger. 
 ^ Seb^aft unb marftert 
 
 
 
 ^arl SBill&cIiii 
 cres. 
 
 J . 'l 
 
 , 1820-18 
 
 73. 
 P 
 
 :^^- 
 
 i — 1 ^ 
 
 Ps — J ' J 
 
 J 
 
 f 
 
 ^"*"5 — r~ 
 
 ~l — f^~i~ 
 
 ^ 
 
 _^_#| ii_ 
 
 -5 — H 
 
 v^ 
 
 >> 
 
 \ J ,' 
 
 
 r S S 
 
 
 tJ 
 
 1. (SS brauft ein 9iuf 
 
 2. S)urd^ ^un * bcrt » tau » 
 
 3. (gr blidt ^iii - auf 
 
 4. ©0 lang eln !X:rop 
 
 5. 3)er ®c^h)ur er^fd^altt, 
 
 1 
 
 h)tc 
 
 fcnb 
 
 in 
 
 .fen 
 
 bie' 
 
 ! 
 
 2)on 
 
 iVLdt 
 
 ^im s 
 
 1 
 
 » ner = l^att, h)ie ©d^ioert * gc - 
 eS fc^nell, unb al « ler 
 mel«=au'n, ba ^el « ben • 
 nod^ gliifit, nod^ ei * nc 
 
 ' gc rinnt, bie gal^ » nen 
 cres. 
 
 
 J • • 
 
 i # 1 r 
 
 s 
 
 (&f^ — J— 
 
 J . ^ — r — 
 
 — 
 
 — ^ • 
 
 _^ L 
 
 
 f 
 
 1^"^^ ' — p — 
 
 r h — 1 — 1 — 
 
 -\ ^ — F '■ — 
 
 — ^ 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 • 
 
 • 
 
 i 
 
 // 
 
 5t 
 
 3^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 p=r 
 
 flirr unb 3Bo * gen=pratt: 3um dl^dn, jum 9?f)ein, jum beut^c^cn 
 
 Slu * gen blit * gen f)ell; ber S)eut « fd^e bie = ber, fromm unb 
 
 ba » ter nie * ber^c^aun, unb fd^luort mit ftol « jer ^antp ^ fcs . 
 
 f^auft ben S)e * gen jief)t unb noc^ ein 5Irm bie iBiid^ - fc 
 
 flat ' tern I)oc^ im SSinb: 3um 9?f)ein, gum 3?{)ein gum bent * fd^cn 
 
 i 
 
 m 
 
 ^ ^ '*f£- * 
 
 *=|c 
 
 X- 
 
 t 
 
 :t=fc± 
 
 ?: 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 K N 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 
 
 
 #- 
 
 (i5 
 
 "*^= 
 
 =:i- 
 
 =^~^ 
 
 ~^=k~ 
 
 1 
 
 -^.d — 
 
 =^=^=1 
 
 «!r~ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 
 -?^^ 
 
 
 J^^A-^ 1 
 
 
 'mdnl 
 
 h)cr 
 
 n)ill 
 
 beS ©trom 
 
 * eg $ii = 
 
 ter fein? 
 
 
 ftarf. 
 
 be * 
 
 fc^ii^t 
 
 bie Iieir > 
 
 gc ?an = 
 
 beS » morf. 
 
 
 luft: 
 
 :Du 
 
 $RI)ein 
 
 bleibft beutfd^ 
 
 h)ie mci « 
 
 nc Sruft! 
 
 
 fpannt, 
 
 be « 
 
 tritt 
 
 fein geinb 
 
 f)ier bei « 
 
 nen ©tranb! 
 
 
 3?f)ein, 
 
 mir 
 
 oX ' 
 
 le tool = 
 
 len §11 = 
 
 ter fein! 
 
 
 — is — 
 
 -•- 
 
 f 
 
 f f 
 
 f f 
 
 T ^ 
 
 ir^ 
 
 
 
 ~t — 
 
 t 1 
 
 
 — t- 
 
 — 
 
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 P- 
 
 
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 k * 
 
 * m 
 
 1 
 
 r 
 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 
 
 
 n ^ • 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 K^ ■ 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 1> 
 
 P i^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
SONGS 
 
 187 
 
 i 
 
 
 F=^ 
 
 «i 
 
 -v-^j-^;- 
 
 f=f 
 
 g 
 
 Sieb SSa * ter»Ianb, mogft ru « l^ig fein, Ucb S3a = ter«Ianb,magft 
 
 4^ 
 
 ^^^=rf 
 
 i 
 
 pL 
 
 -*=r^ 
 
 Ws^ 
 
 m 
 
 t=iK 
 
 r^ 
 
 i 
 
 /a 
 
 lU-ul-i 
 
 -= — m- 
 
 -^m 
 
 llE^ 
 
 M 
 
 ru * Im [ein; feft ftct)t unb treu bie SBad^t, bic SBod^t am 
 
 g 
 
 it=rfc=t=s=Ft: 
 
 -fc, la F— : — » P b 
 
 ■N=ti==^r 
 
 m 
 
 ^ — 
 
 r — 1 — \ 
 
 -J- 
 
 ff^i 
 
 -^—^0 
 
 :^=i 
 
 s 
 
 -g' — # 
 
 e:3 
 
 3 
 
 ^zM 
 
 »— =S- 
 
 9?^cinl feft fte{)t unb treu bie SBac§t,bic SSad^t am 9?^einl 
 
 ^^H^- 
 
 g 
 
 p^s- 
 
 =f=F 
 
 ?^^ 
 
 
 -^-^^: 
 
 -122-^. 
 
i88 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 (g. ©elbel. 
 aWunter. 
 
 SSanbcrfdfiaft: „^er Wlai ift qttommtn" 
 
 %iiv Qcmifd^ten Sl^or 
 
 3ful. SBII^. Stjro, 1842. 
 
 
 w 
 
 g: 
 
 1. ®er 90?ai ift qc = fom=mcn, Me 53au * me fd^Ia* gen au«, 
 
 2. grlfc^ auf brum, frifd^ auf im f)cl * len ®oti=nen4tra^I, 
 
 3. O SSan^bcrn, o SSon^bern, bu frci * e 53ur4(^cn4uft! 
 
 ^il 
 
 ^ 
 
 M 
 
 ^-£ 
 
 f = f t 
 
 e 
 
 lHr4= 
 
 1i=|c 
 
 ^ 
 
 p ^p^^iH ^ 
 
 ■^ 
 
 r=F 
 
 -*-r 
 
 ba bid ' ht, ioer Suft ^at, mit ®or * gen ju ^au8l 
 tDo^I ii := ber bic S3er * ge, h)of)I burcl bo8 tic * fc Si^al! 
 !5)a toc-fiet ®ot*teg O^bcm fo frif(^ in bie S3ruft. 
 
 m 
 
 ^'P F 
 
 Mm 
 
 I 
 
 *=* 
 
 s 
 
 $=* 
 
 § 
 
 m 
 
 -4V=v-^ 
 
 1^^ 
 
 ai^^=? 
 
 * 
 
 SBic bic SSol^fcn bort njan^bern om I)imm * Ii ^ fc^cn 3dt, 
 !Dic OueI4cn cr * flin=gcn, bic SBSume-raitsfd^en oH; 
 !Da fin = get unb iauc^-jet ba^ ^erj jum §im-mel8 = jelt: 
 
 
 J-*l-:f: 
 
 ^ 
 
 QzJ^e 
 
 
SONGS 
 
 189 
 
 J^f 
 
 ' ^\F^- 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 Et 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 #-^ 
 
 fo ftef)t oud^ nttr ber ©inn in bie toet = tt, hjci = te SBett. 
 mein ^erj ift mie 'ne ?er - (^e unb [tint* met ein mit ©cfialt. 
 SBie bift bu bod^ fo fd^on, bu mi ' te, h)ci = te SSelt! 
 
 id? 
 
 1t=N: 
 
 t=|: 
 
 1 
 
 gfc 
 
 t=ti 
 
 ii 
 
 ^cutfcftlanb iiBcr atte^ 
 
 Hoffmann tton goUerSleben. -Sfofepl^ ^atjbn, 1732-1809. 
 SWttfeifl lanflfam. 
 m£ __, I , . J [ 
 
 a 
 
 it 
 
 m 
 
 * 
 
 ®eut[(^ = Ianb,!Deutfc^*Ianb U * ber d » H U * ber 
 
 toenn c8 ftets ju ©d^uij unb 2;rut » je brii * ber 
 
 £)eut * fc^c ^rau * en, beut * \6jt Xxtn = c, beut * fd^er 
 
 [ol * ten in ber SBelt be * l^al * ten t^ = ren 
 
 (gi = nig * feit unb 9?ed^t unb f^rei = beit fllr ha^ 
 
 ^a = nad^ la&t unS al = Ic ftrc * ben brii > ber 
 
 1. 
 2. 
 
 ^ 
 
 I 
 
 rfi: 
 
 ~ - , mf 
 
 i=t 
 
 -r-f- 
 
 at s leg m ber SBelt, ) ^ c cm .«:.o 
 r-A f . ..v/ ^ bon ber SWaag biS an bic 
 
 liO) gu * fam » men * bait/ J 
 
 SBein unb beut = fc^er ©ang \ ^ ^ ^ ^ . 
 
 beut * f(^e 5Sa = ter = lanb! 
 
 lic^ mit ^erj unb ^onb! 
 
 0- -0. ^ ^ 
 
 t=fc=t=t: 
 
 It 
 
 @i ^ nig = feit unb 9?ec^t unb 
 
 -J-j— #- 
 
 
 ^ 
 
I go 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 I cres. ^ ^1 f \ N 
 
 Wt » tnel, toon ber Stfc^ bis on ben S3elt. :Deutf(^4anb, 
 
 gei ' [tern un « fer gan » gcS ?c « ben long. !X)eut * [d^c 
 
 grci » tieit finb bc3 ©Ittf » fc8 Un > tcr * pfanb. S8la^' im 
 cres.^ J^ -5- -^ -#. 
 
 ^ 
 
 I 
 
 £ 
 
 M 
 
 ^^ 
 
 P 
 
 i 
 
 S 
 
 J^iJ^j'j. . q-T^ 
 
 ^^e 
 
 i 
 
 _^_^ 
 
 •±^ 
 
 r^-r 
 
 5Dcutfd^4onb 11 « bcr al * leS, 11 * ber at * leg in ber SScItl 
 i^rau * en, beut4<^e 2;reu=e, beut « fd^er SBein unb beut=fc^er Song! 
 ®Ian * se bie = fe8 ®tof=fe«, bill := I)c, beut^fd^eS SSa*ter»= lanbl 
 
 m 
 
 ^ 
 
 a_i: 
 
 1 
 
 f^'^'^f 
 
 -r 
 
 aSanbrer^ SRacfitlteb 
 
 3. iB. to. ®oet^e. 
 Songfcmt unb eetraseru 
 
 I 
 
 fc^??^=^ 
 
 1 — r 
 
 
 ^^^3 
 
 ^ 
 
 -Jt=^ 
 
 ii = ber al ' ten ®ip * feln ift 9?uf); in al ^ len 2Bip=feIn 
 
 p 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^^^^^^g 
 
SONGS 
 
 191 
 
 ^ 
 
 3 
 
 iJt 
 
 3=^ 
 
 f=T 
 
 fpii = reft bu fei = nen ^auc^; bic ^Sdg * lein f(^h3ei*8en im 
 
 I 
 
 W 
 
 W 
 
 _j ^ — s, — 
 
 ^~r^ 
 
 2BaI ' be. 
 
 SSar * tc nur, h)ar = te nur, bat 
 
 S^^ 
 
 13^ 
 
 JL 
 
 -f2_^ 
 
 be, 
 
 PI=N= 
 
 i^zz; 
 
 fr-1 — r 
 
 ^=t 
 
 i=±=t 
 
 1^ 
 
 $=t 
 
 SEE 
 
 p^^=t^J^3 
 
 bal * be niMt i>u aud^« SSor » tc nur, tear * it nur. 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 1^ 
 
 :p^ 
 
 ^ r— * 
 
 B^-^4 
 
 =='=ri=f 
 
 
 w 
 
 n^. 
 
 *: 
 
 s 
 
 •-W- 
 
 m^r-9- 
 
 bal 
 
 be, bal = be rul)ft bu auc^, bal * be rul^ft 
 
 bu aud^. 
 
 PP ri7. 
 
 ^ 
 
 1— T:H Bi 
 
 i±s 
 
 S 
 
 f-t^ 
 
 bal = be ruMt ba aud&. 
 
192 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 ^cr fro^c SSanbcr)§mantt, I 
 
 gUr Qcmifc^tcn (Sl^or 
 
 Sfofep^ »on <gl(5enborff. 
 Andante. 
 
 Aiiz 
 
 ^ 
 
 m 
 
 Sellp imenbeI«fo^n»S8artl5oIbtj, 1809-1847. 
 Sonf. toon ©ering. 
 
 5=:is 
 
 53 
 
 ri^Ff* 
 
 ^^5^^ 
 
 1. SBcm ®ott iDitt re(i§ = te ®unft cr » toet * fen, ben fd^idEt er in 
 
 2. 3)ic S3ac^=Iein toon ben 53er * gen fprin * gen, bie ?er*d^en f(^h)ira 
 
 w-## 
 
 i 
 
 -•-Pi 
 
 ^ 
 
 :- ^ 
 
 :t± 
 
 r-0-$r.l^^ ^s '- 1 
 
 
 1 , 
 
 cres. 
 1 N ^^-1 
 
 /f"^ — j^ ^ N~ 
 
 
 — F^ — N — ^ — Fr":f — ^^ 
 
 fC\ ^ m J 
 
 
 1 1 J 1 •^ • 1 
 
 v^ 2 2 fl 
 
 .id « 
 
 J J ,.^ J ^ J 
 
 tj • ^ * 
 
 bic h)ei » te 
 ren f)od^ bor 
 
 ^ '^ -8- -5- »• P - • - 
 SSelt, bcm n)ia cr fei ^ ne SBun * bcr 
 Suft: h)aS foHf x^ nid^tmit il^ * nen 
 
 (mS'it jf II 
 
 
 f 5 ^ 
 
 r r 1 r » • » 
 
 JffA^ui^l ^ ^_ 
 
 
 
 > r 1 
 
 — b* b" y — h — P 9- — " 
 
 H--f^b b — H 
 
 
 r-^i -1 1 
 
 -^ ^ ^-^ — \^ ^— 
 
 cres. 
 
 i# 
 
 fei tic iEBun * ber 
 ntd&t mlt t]& = nen 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 =»= 
 
 h)et = fen, bem njitt cr [ci * nc SBun * ber njei = fen in S3erg unb 
 fin = gen, h3a6 f ollf ic^ nic^t mit il^ * nen fin * gen oug tool = ler 
 
 / N N !^ 
 
 3^ 
 
 r r f — f=t^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 P 
 
SONGS 
 
 193 
 
 in 
 
 A ** tt 
 
 JBerg unb 
 tool » ler 
 
 SBalb, 
 
 in 
 aud 
 
 Serg 
 col * 
 
 unb 
 ler 
 
 SBoIb 
 
 It ^*•^^ N . 
 
 iJLy y-q 
 
 -^^- 
 
 ^J^ 
 
 — [^ 
 
 — N- 
 
 -■A-^—^^^A 
 
 m ^ Z r 
 
 -^ZTIZP- 
 
 
 — #— 
 
 •■• 
 
 
 ^v^i\^^^ 
 
 Zr \^J ^ 
 
 SSalb. . 
 
 1<— 
 
 X^—^ 
 
 
 • • 
 
 
 — 7- 
 
 unb ©trom unb 
 unb frt = fd^er 
 
 
 
 
 -iW:t^-i 
 
 /i>"it It 
 
 
 1 
 
 ©•«)? s 
 
 — 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 
 #- 
 
 ne SSun=ber ttici = fen in 33erg unb 
 mit i^ = nen fin « gen au8 bot = ler 
 
 gelb, bem h)ill er fei 
 53ruft, luag foEt' id^ nic^t 
 
 %^ 
 
 Is: 
 
 -t=-#- 
 
 S 
 
 ^. 
 
 fc* 
 
 ^ 
 
 5^ 
 
 #=»: 
 
 t=tJ: 
 
 /> ^ ^^^ Zenio I ritard 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^m 
 
 EEjEES 
 
 3E^ 
 
 mm 
 
 SBdb unb ©trom unb ^^elb. 
 tel)I unb fri * fc^er S3ruft? 
 
 1^ f r # 
 
 3. ®en lie = ben ®ott lafe id^ nur 
 ^ Piu lento ritard 
 
 f— f-f 
 
 ^ p a tempo 
 
 ]^-V 
 
 u=j j.rH{^-*=^ ^a 
 
 a; 
 
 r 
 
 ^> 
 
 T 
 
 unb 
 
 -5^ 'f -^ 
 
 h)al = ten; ber 
 
 m^rp=^=s 
 
 EB3E3 
 
 lein, :2er » c^en, ^aXa unb gelb 
 
 
 J *— k— |i: 
 
 ^=t 
 
194 
 
 i 
 
 M: 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 cres. 
 
 tola 
 
 m 
 ^i=^ 
 
 
 - TV JS \^ — N-d^-# 
 
 ■^ S 
 
 -=1- 
 
 rXTT^- 
 
 ffs^ 
 
 @rb^ unb ^immel toitt cr » ^l » ten, unb (grb' unb ^immcl tt)ttt cr » 
 
 ^ 
 
 J^cres. ^. 
 
 5?=|: 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 -f-'-f- 
 
 #=fc 
 
 I* i* ! » ^- 
 
 « 
 
 b U 1^ b 
 
 ]^t aud& mein' ®a($' 
 
 I 
 
 / 
 
 -s-^- 
 
 ^ii 
 
 ^ — ^ 
 
 =i? 
 
 f" 
 
 fial s ten, l^at auc^ mein' ^a(S)% 
 
 eS 
 
 /^ ^- i i- 
 
 -i/ 
 
 f)at au(!^ mein' 
 
 t=*-- 
 
 ^ 
 
 // 
 
 4-4. 
 
 t 
 
 f 
 
 m 
 
 b b b 
 
 ©ad^' Qufg beft' be » ftettt! 2)er (Srb' unb §im » mel h)ia er 
 
 i 
 
 ^ 
 
 > I Mr 
 
 3z^=t: 
 
 I 
 
 «J: 
 
 w ^ ^ p ^ - 
 
 t 
 
 3Ci: 
 
 q?=p: 
 
 1/ ' "f " ■ 1^ k y 
 
 t)al * ten, t)at aud^ mein' ©ac^' aufg beft' be = ftettt, l^at auc^ mein' 
 
 ^ 
 
 tt|=t=f 
 
 / t , r f r- 
 
 
 ^ b 1/ 
 
 T&^-t- 
 
 t=t 
 
 ^ 
 
SONGS 
 
 auf 8 bcft'. 
 
 195 
 
 ^ 
 
 i 
 
 auf'Sbcft' fte.fteatl 
 
 /7^ 
 
 H 
 
 ^ 
 
 r ■ ? c f 'j»-c«s.' ^ -^ Cf^zi 
 
 iBai)' ouf8 beft' be • ftettt, mein' ©od^' aufs 6e(t' be = (teltt! 
 
 ^^ 
 
 0-- ?— # # F- 
 
 I ^ZZJEZg^ZI^ 
 
 -|g . -F-b^*?^— i- 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 ^cr fto^e SSanber^mann, n 
 
 3fofep^ bon (gid&cnborff, Sonf. toon iWaric g. aKaceonnefl. 
 
 &^- t 
 
 
 :^ 
 
 ^ H ^-T— » #-r— ^ 
 
 SBcm ®ott h3itt red^ » te ©unft er » h)ct * fen, ben 
 
 
 |A^ ^ ■ ^ r 
 
 
 
 fc^tcft er in bie h3ci = 
 
 tc SBcIt, bent h)iE cr fei :» 
 
 ne 
 
 4= 
 
 M— J- * J J ' 
 
 rTi I J i:j==i^ 
 
 — J— 
 ^ — 
 
 ^r— f 
 
 m 
 
 S 
 
 1==1: 
 
 ^^=4= 
 
 N — ^• 
 
 II: 
 
 ^^ 
 
 3trzit 
 
 SBun^ber hjci * fen in 33crg unb SBalb unb ©trom unb gelb. 
 
 ^ 
 
 = 0^ 
 
 -#^-^ 
 
 V— i^ 
 
 -*? 
 
 ^ 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 Explanations. In the following vocabulary — which is extensive on account of the in- 
 clusion of the additional reading and poems — words will be found in alphabetical order. The 
 gender of the nouns is indicated by the preceding article, and the endings of the genitive sing- 
 ular and the nominative plural follow in parentheses. The principal parts of the strong verbs 
 are given, and in case of strong verbs which change the vowel in the second and third person 
 smgular of the present tense, the third person singular is given to indicate this root -vowel 
 change. In case of verbs which take fein as an auxiliary, the fact is indicated in the principal 
 parts. 
 
 % 
 
 ab, off, away. 
 
 ber 9t6cnb (-8, -e), evening. 
 
 has Sliicnbcffcn (-g, -), supper. 
 
 ber 9t6cnbfonncnf(^etn (-g), evening 
 sunshine (light). 
 
 obex, but, however. 
 
 afigc^cn (ging ah, ift abgegongen), to 
 go off, start, depart. 
 
 ber S(6iturient (-en, -en), a candi- 
 date for the final examination 
 of the German higher schools. 
 
 afircifcn (aux. fein), to set out, de- 
 part. 
 
 bte 5l6ftammung (-, -en), descent, 
 parentage; derivation. 
 
 afifteigen (ftieg ob, ift abgeftiegen), to 
 descend, dismount. 
 
 nfitrctcn (aux. l^aben and fein), (er 
 tritt ah; trat ab, obgetreten), to 
 tread off; to relinquish, resign; 
 to retire; an ben ^atfer — , to 
 yield up to the emperor. 
 
 afihjefenb, absent. 
 
 a^, alas, ah. 
 
 bie Sti^fel (-, -n), shoulder. 
 
 aitit, eight; ac^te, eighth. 
 
 bie 9t(^tung (-), attention; esteem, 
 regard. 
 
 abbieren, to add. 
 
 abicu, adieu, farewell, good-by. 
 
 bie Stbbition (-, -en), addition. 
 
 bie Stbcr (-, -n), vein. 
 
 d^nlid^, similar, like, resembling. 
 
 bie ^^rc (-, -n), ear of corn. 
 
 ber SlffufatiU (-8, -e), accusative 
 (case). 
 
 all ( — er, — e, — eS), all, entire, 
 whole, each, everybody, every- 
 thing. 
 
 aQctn, adj. and adv., alone; conj., 
 only, but. 
 
 atterhJCgcn, everywhere. 
 
 attmo^tid^, gradually. 
 
 al)§, as; than; when; but. 
 
 a(fo, so, thus, therefore. 
 
 alt, old; bie Slltcn, the aged. 
 
 ha^ mta (-0, -), age. 
 
 am=an bent. 
 
 amcrifamfrfi, adj., American. 
 
 ba^ 9(mt (-eg, -^er), office, position. 
 
 an (dat. or ace), at, on, by, to, 
 near, in, upon. 
 
 ber 9tn6eginn (-eg), earliest begin- 
 ning. 
 
 anbinbctt (banb an, angebunben), to 
 tie on {or to). 
 
 ber StntiUd (-g, -e), view. 
 
 197 
 
iqS 
 
 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 ttnber (bcr, btc, bog — e; ein — er, 
 cine — c, ein — e«), other; unter an* 
 berem, among other things; nid^tS 
 anberS aU, nothing else but that. 
 
 anbcrfeit^, on the other side (hand). 
 
 ttnberi^ttJO, elsewhere. 
 
 bie 5Cnefbotc (-, -n), anecdote. 
 
 ber 5(nfang (-6, -^e), beginning. 
 
 anfangcn (er fcingt an; fing an, angc= 
 fangen), to begin; to do. 
 
 Ottfrttgcn, to ask in passing. 
 
 anqt^oxcn, to belong to. 
 
 ber Stngc^iirtge (-n, -n), one be- 
 longing to, relative. 
 
 ber Stngrtff (-8, -e) , handling, attack. 
 
 an^alten (er l^lilt an; I)ielt an, ange« 
 i)alUn), to hold (on) to, stop, 
 draw up. 
 
 anflagen, to accuse. 
 
 anfnij^fen, to tie, join, fasten. 
 
 anfommcn (font an, ift angefommen), 
 to arrive. 
 
 ber 9(nfi)mmKng (-«, -e), newcomer. 
 
 bie Stnlagc (-, -n), a laying out, 
 plan, park, pleasure-ground; in- 
 vestment. 
 
 aniegen, to lay out; to invest. 
 
 annetfttten (er nimmt an; nai)m an, 
 ongenommen), to accept, take, 
 take for granted. 
 
 anraten (er rttt on; rict an, angeraten), 
 to advise, recommend. 
 
 anreben, to speak to, address. 
 
 anfd^rciben ([c^rieb an, angefd^rieben), 
 to write on or down. 
 
 flnfc^cn (er fte^t an; faf) an, ange» 
 fet)cn), to look at or upon; to re- 
 gard; to respect; to esteem. 
 
 bie Stnftebtung (-, -en), colony. 
 
 bie Stnftatt (-, -en), arrangement; 
 institution. 
 
 anftatt (gen.), instead of. 
 
 anftrengen, to strain, exert; aHc 
 ^riiftc — , to strain every nerve. 
 
 ber SCtttcit (-«, -e), portion, share, 
 interest. 
 
 bie 9(nthJort (-, -en), answer, re- 
 ply. 
 
 antftjorten, to answer, reply. 
 
 anhicfenb, present. 
 
 bie Slnsafit (-), number, multitude, 
 
 ber 5(pfet (-«, *), apple. 
 
 ber Stpfctbaum (-6, ^e), apple-tree. 
 
 ber St^ril (-«), April. 
 
 bie Strbeit (-, -en), work, task, per- 
 formance. 
 
 arbciten, to work. 
 
 arg, adj. and adv., bad, mischie- 
 vous, severe, hard. 
 
 (trgerlid^, annoying, annoyed, an- 
 gry, vexed. 
 
 arm, poor; ber 5lrme, poor man. 
 
 ber 2(rm (-e«, -e), arm. 
 
 bie 2trt (-, -en), kind, species; man- 
 ner, way. 
 
 ber Strjt (-eg,-^e), doctor, physician. 
 
 Slftcn (-g; neut.), Asia. 
 
 aut(|, also, too, even, likewise. 
 
 auf, prep. {dat. or ace), on, upon, 
 in, at, by, for, to, towards; adv., 
 up, upwards. 
 
 ttufbliiffen {aux. fein), to blossom 
 out, open, begin to flourish. 
 
 aufcffcn (er ifet auf; a& auf, aufge* 
 geffcn), to eat up. 
 
 auffa^ren (er fcitirt auf; fufir auf, ift 
 aufgefal^ren), to start up. 
 
 ttuffinben (fanb auf, aufgefunbcn), to 
 find out, seek out. 
 
 bie Stufgabe (-, -n), task, lesson. 
 
 aufl^eben (l^ob auf, aufgcboben), to 
 lift, raise, pick up. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 199 
 
 ouf()citcrn, to cheer or brighten 
 
 up. 
 auf^ijrcn, to listen attentively; to 
 
 stop, cease. 
 auflijfcn, to loosen, untie. 
 aufma^ctt, to open. 
 aufmerffom, attentive, 
 tie Stufnol^mc (-, -n), taking up, 
 
 reception. 
 auf^jaffcn, to pay attention, watch, 
 aufrcd^t, upright, erect, straight. 
 aufrt(f|tcn, to raise up, straighten, 
 ber 5(uffo^ (-eg, -^e), composition, 
 
 essay. 
 auffi^cn (fofe auf, ift aufgcfcffen), to 
 
 mount. 
 ttufftc^cn (ftanb auf, ift aufgcftanben), 
 
 to stand up, get up. 
 ttuftrctcn (er tritt auf; trat ouf, ift 
 
 aufgetreten), to step up (upon), 
 
 appear, come forward. 
 aufttjarficn (aux. \dn), to wake 
 
 up. 
 ber 3luftt)artcr (-g, -), attendant, 
 
 waiter. 
 ba^ Stuge (-g, -n), eye. 
 augcttMirflirfi, momentary ( — ily), 
 
 instantaneous(ly), instantly, 
 ber Stuguft (-6), August (month). 
 au^ (dat.), out of, from, of, by, for, 
 
 on account of. 
 au^tiilbcn, to form (out), develop, 
 
 cultivate; to render accom- 
 plished or educated. 
 ttUi^briidcn, to press or squeeze out; 
 
 to utter, express, 
 ber Stuigfu^r^anbct (-g), export 
 
 trade. 
 ttUjgfii^rti^, detailed, complete, full, 
 ber 3tU)ggang (-eg, -^e), act of going 
 
 out, exit: result, end. 
 
 ttu^ge^ctt (glng ou§, ift auggegongen), 
 to go out. 
 
 au^gclegt, laid out, displayed. 
 
 au^fommcn {tarn aug, ift ouggefom* 
 men), to get along with, live 
 peaceably with. 
 
 au^tod^Ctt, to laugh at. 
 
 bag 2lU)§Ianb (-eg), foreign parts, 
 nations. 
 
 au^Iaufen (er Ittuft ang; lief aug, ift 
 auggelaufeit), to run or flow out, 
 extend. 
 
 aui^ma^cn, to make out; to put 
 out (fire, etc.); to make up, 
 constitute; to settle (a dis- 
 pute). 
 
 auiSfd^Iagcn (er fd^Iiigt oug; fc^Iug 
 aug, auggefc^Iagen), to strike out; 
 (aux. fein), to break out, bud, 
 sprout. 
 
 aujgfc^en (er fiet)t aug; fal^ aug, aug» 
 gefef)cn), to look, appear. 
 
 ber Stu^cn^anbcl (-g), foreign com- 
 merce. 
 
 auftcr (dat.), out of, outside of; be- 
 sides, except. 
 
 au^erbcm, besides, moreover. 
 
 aujgfpred^cn (er fpric^t aug; fprad^ aug, 
 auggefprod^en), to express, utter, 
 speak out, pronounce. 
 
 au^itbcn, to practise, exercise; to 
 carry out; to commit (crimes, 
 etc.). 
 
 bie Stu^toanbcrung (-, -en), emigra- 
 tion. 
 
 aUi^ltJartig, outward, abroad, for- 
 eign. 
 
 au^lucttbig, outside; by heart; — 
 lernen, to commit to memory. 
 
 au^hJtf^Ctt, to wipe out or away; 
 to erase. 
 
200 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 ber f&a^ (-e8, -^c; dim. ba6 53ft(§Icm), 
 brook. 
 
 badfcn (cr bad t; buf,-Qebacfcn), to bake. 
 
 ber JBarfcr (-8, -), baker. 
 
 ftabcn, to bathe. 
 
 ba^ ^abcsimmcr (-8, -), bath 
 room. 
 
 btc SBtt^ti (-, -en), path, course, 
 road; railway. 
 
 halh, soon. 
 
 ba^ SBanb (-eS, -^er), band; rib- 
 bon. 
 
 btc Sanf: i. (-, ^t), bench, bank 
 (ground); 2. (-, -en), bank 
 (money bank). 
 
 hat, bare; ready (money), cash. 
 
 bie Sarm^crjtgfctt (-), compas- 
 sion, mercy. 
 
 ber 93au (-e8, -c or -ten), building, 
 structure. 
 
 6auen, to build; to till, cultivate; 
 — auf, to count upon. 
 
 ber Saucr (-« or -n, -n), peasant, 
 small farmer. 
 
 ber fSanm (-eg, ^c), tree. 
 
 ber Saumpfo^t (-«, ^e), tree-pole, 
 post, stake. 
 
 bcbaucn, to cultivate, till. 
 
 bcbcnfen (bebac^tc, bebac^t), to pon- 
 der, reflect, bear in mind. 
 
 ticbcuten, to inform, direct; to 
 mean, signify, forebode. 
 
 I&cbcutenb, important, significant. 
 
 bie SBcbeutung (-, -en), meaning, 
 significance, importance. 
 
 ber Scbtentc (-n, -n; ein — er), ser- 
 vant, lackey. 
 
 Ibcenbcn (also beenbigen), to bring to 
 an end, terminate, finish. 
 
 Bcfe^Ictt (er befietilt; befat)!, befol^ten), 
 to order, command. 
 
 fic^ ftefinbcn (befanb, befunben), to 
 be, feel. 
 
 begeiftern, to inspire, fill with en- 
 thusiasm. 
 
 ber Scginn (-eg), beginning. 
 
 bcginncn (begann, begonnen), to be- 
 gin, commence. 
 
 bcgleiten, to accompany. 
 
 bie S3cglcitung (-, -en), accompani- 
 ment, attendance. 
 
 bcgriinbcn, to base, found. 
 
 fic^attcn (er bcf)alt; be{)ielt, bel^alten), 
 to keep, retain; to carry. 
 
 iiel^anbeln, to handle, manage, 
 treat. 
 
 be()crrfd^en, to rule over, govern. 
 
 bcl^iiten, to guard, preserve, pro- 
 tect. 
 
 htx (dat.), by, at the side of, in con- 
 nection with, at. 
 
 beib (— e, —eg), both, two. 
 
 bcifaffcn (er faltt bei; fiet bei, ift beige 
 fatten), to come into the mind, 
 occur to. 
 
 ha^ Scttt (-g, -e), leg. 
 
 ibeinai^e, almost, nearly. 
 
 ftct^cn (btfe, gebiffen), to bite. 
 
 bag Scif^ict (-g, -e), example; sunt 
 — (h ^')r for example. 
 
 Ibcfannt, known, acquainted. 
 
 bie 93cfc^rung (-, -en), conver- 
 sion. 
 
 beHagen, to lament, bewail. 
 
 ficfommcn (betam, befommen), to 
 get, obtain. 
 
 Bctaufd^cn, to listen to, eavesdrop. 
 
 beHen, to bark. 
 
 Ibcmcrfcn, to perceive, notice; to 
 remarK. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 20I 
 
 ha^ SBcmu^cn (-«), trouble, pains, 
 
 endeavor. 
 Ibcnc^mcn (er benimmt; htna^m, be* 
 
 nommcn), to take away; fic^ — , 
 
 to behave. 
 Iicncnncn (bcnattntc, bcnannt), to 
 
 name, designate. 
 ficqucm, comfortable, 
 bie 23eratung (-, -en), consultation, 
 
 deliberation, conference, council. 
 Me SBcrcc^tigung (-, -en), title, 
 
 right; qualification. 
 ficrett, ready, prepared. 
 ticreitctt, to prepare. 
 hevdt^, already, 
 ber S3erg (-(e)g, -e), mountain, 
 ber S3eruf (-(e) g, -e), calling, voca- 
 tion, profession, oflace. 
 berii^mt, famous, 
 ber S3cfc^eib (-eg, -e), knowledge, 
 
 information, answer. 
 fiefd^eibcn, modest, unassuming; 
 
 moderate. 
 ficfd^eibcn (befc^teb, befc^ieben), to 
 
 allot, assign. 
 fiefd^cinen (befc^ten, bef(^ienen), to 
 
 shine upon, light up. 
 ficfc^rcibcn (befc^rieb, befc^rieben), to 
 
 describe, 
 bie 83cfd^rct6ung (-, -en), descrip- 
 tion. 
 £ief (^ii^en, to protect, guard, defend. 
 fiefc^cn (er befiel^t; befal^, befe{)en), to 
 
 look at, regard. 
 Ibcfe^Ctt, to occupy, engage, take 
 
 possession of. 
 ficfingcn (befang, befungen), to sing 
 
 of, celebrate in song, 
 bte SBcfmnung (-), reflection; einen 
 
 gur — (iu) bringen, to bring one 
 
 to his senses. 
 
 ber S3cft^ (-e^)/ possession, prop- 
 erty. 
 
 ficfi^cn (befafe, befeffen), to sit upon, 
 have, possess. 
 
 bie S3cfi^ung (-, -en), possession; 
 pL, dominions, dependencies. 
 
 ficfonber!^, especially, particularly, 
 extraordinarily. 
 
 ficfonnen, thoughtful; furj — , with 
 little reflection, with quick pres- 
 ence of mind. 
 
 f>t^pvt^cn (er befpric^t; befprad^, be= 
 fproc^en), to discuss; \id) mit einem 
 — , to converse, deliberate, dis- 
 cuss with one. 
 
 bcffcr, compar. of gut. 
 
 ficftc, superl. of gut; aufS — beftetlt, 
 arranged for the best, in the 
 best way. 
 
 ticftdnbig, steady, constant, con- 
 tinuous. 
 
 fieftc^en (beftanb, beftanben), to un- 
 dergo, stand (a test), pass 
 through, continue; to exist; — 
 QUg, to consist of. 
 
 Bcftctgcn (beftieg, beftiegen), to as- 
 cend, climb, mount, go on 
 board (ship). 
 
 BcftcttCtt, to order, dispose, appoint, 
 arrange. 
 
 ficftimmt, determined, fixed, de- 
 cided, definite. 
 
 fic^ bcftrcben, to exert one's self, 
 try to obtain. 
 
 bie 93cftrcbung (-, -en), effort, en- 
 deavor, exertion. 
 
 Ibcfurfien, to visit, attend. 
 
 iDeteUigen, to assign a share; to in- 
 terest; \\^ — an (bet), to have a 
 share, be interested in, take part 
 in. 
 
202 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 Bctonen, to lay stress on, empha- 
 size. 
 
 bcr 93ctrad^t (-(c)g), respect, con- 
 sideration, point of view. 
 
 hcttd(f)ti\ti), considerable. 
 
 httvaqtn (er bctragt; bctrug, betraQctt), 
 to amount to; fi(^ — , to behave, 
 conduct one's self. 
 
 fictrcibcn (betricb, betricben), to 
 drive upon, follow up, carry on; 
 to pursue (studies). 
 
 fictrctcn (cr betritt; betrat, betrctcn), 
 to step on, tread; to enter upon; 
 to enter (a house). 
 
 bag Sett (-eg, -en), bed. 
 
 ber Scutcl (-6, -), sack, purse. 
 
 bcr S3ct»ottmad^ttgtc (-n, -n; cin 
 — cr), one invested with full 
 power, plenipotentiary. 
 
 BchJCtfcn (beluieg, ben)iefen), to prove, 
 show, manifest. 
 
 ber S3cJuol^ncr (-«, -), inhabitant; 
 resident. 
 
 bcja^Icn, to pay. 
 
 Ibicber, upright, honest, loyal. 
 
 bic JBtcnc (-, -n), bee. 
 
 ha^ S3Ub (-eg, -er), picture, image, 
 portrait, figure. 
 
 Ibitbcn, to form, compose; to edu- 
 cate. 
 
 ba^ SUbcrbud^ (-eg, ^er), picture- 
 book. 
 
 bic Sitbung^bcftrcbung (-, -en), ef- 
 fort for education. 
 
 fiillig, cheap, moderate, fair, just. 
 
 fcinbcn (banb, gebunben), to tie; see 
 also anbinben. 
 
 bic SBirnc (-, -n), pear. 
 
 6t^, as far as, up (down) to, to, till. 
 
 ffitten (bat, gebeten) urn, to beg for; 
 bittc, please. 
 
 bog S3Iatt (-eg, *er; dim. bog 93iatt* 
 c^en), leaf, blade; sheet, news- 
 paper. 
 
 Wau, blue. 
 
 hUxhtn (blieb, ift geblieben), to stay, 
 remain, continue. 
 
 ber aSIciftift (-eg, -e), lead-pencil. 
 
 ber S3Urf (-eg, -e), look, glance. 
 
 blidfcn, to look. 
 
 bn^en, to lighten; to sparkle, glit- 
 ter, shine. 
 
 blo\i, adj., bare, naked, mere; adv., 
 only, merely. 
 
 filiii^en, to blossom, flourish. 
 
 bic 23Iumc (-, -n), flower. 
 
 bag JBIut (-eg), blood. 
 
 Ibluten, to bleed, die. 
 
 hlni)cn, to blossom. 
 
 bic 93(utc5cit (-, -en), flowering 
 time, prime. 
 
 bcr JBobcn (-g, ■^), ground, soil; 
 floor, attic. 
 
 bag fSooi (-eg, -e and iBotc), boat. 
 
 Iborgen, to borrow, lend. 
 
 fiiifc, bad, evil, wicked, malicious, 
 angry. 
 
 htaudftn, to use, want; to need. 
 
 braun, brown. 
 
 braufen, to storm, rage, roar. 
 
 fiirat), excellent, worthy, fine, good. 
 
 6re(f|en (er brid^t; brac^, gebrod^en), 
 to break, pluck. 
 
 Brett, broad, wide. 
 
 ber 93rtcf (-eg, -e), letter. 
 
 Bringcn (brarfite, gebrac^t), to bring. 
 
 bag fSvot (-eg, -e), bread. 
 
 ber 93rubcr (-g, ^), brother. 
 
 Briiberlid^, brotherly. 
 
 bic S3ruft (-, -^e), breast, bosom, chest. 
 
 bcr S3ube (-n, -n), boy; scamp, 
 knave. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 203 
 
 ba6 f8n^ (-eS, -^cr; dim. bQ6 53iid^= 
 
 lein), book, 
 bie a3uc^fc (-, -en), gun. 
 6u(f|fto6icrcn, to spell. 
 budctt, to bow, stoop. 
 ba^ SBubgct (-«, -g), budget, 
 bag 93unbel H/ -)/ bundle, 
 bcr SBunbCi^rat (-c8, -^e), Federal 
 
 Council (of Germany), 
 bie Siirbc (-, -n), burden, load, 
 bcr SBiirgcr (-g, -), citizen, burgher, 
 ber 93urf^c (-n, -n), lad, fellow, 
 bie abutter (-), butter. 
 
 ber (ha^) 6^or (-c3, -^e), choir, 
 
 chorus, 
 bcr 6^rift (-en, -en), Christian, 
 ber 6||rift(u§) (-i, dat. -0, ace. 
 
 -urn, or indeclinable), Christ. 
 
 2) 
 
 bfl, aJz*., there; where; then, at 
 that time; conj., where, when, 
 as, since, because, inasmuch as. 
 
 bafici, therewith, thereby, at the 
 same time. 
 
 ta^ ^ac^ (-eg, ^er), roof. 
 
 baburrf), thereby, through that. 
 
 bafiir, for that (it). 
 
 bagegcn, against it (that). 
 
 bo^cr, from that place, thence, 
 hence, therefore. 
 
 ba^crfommcn (fam balder, t[t ba{)er* 
 gefommen), to come along. 
 
 ba^in, thither, to that place, along, 
 away, gone, past; big — , till then. 
 
 hamal§, at that time, then. 
 
 bie 2)amc (-, -n), lady. 
 
 bomit, adv., therewith, with that 
 (it), by it; conj., in order to, so 
 that. 
 
 bonac^, for that (it), after that, 
 upon that. 
 
 baneben, near it, next to it, close 
 by, beside, 
 
 ber ^anf (-eS), thanks. 
 
 hanUn, to thank. 
 
 bann, then. 
 
 baran (bron), thereon, thereat, at 
 or on it (that, them), in regard 
 to it, to; on the eve of. 
 
 barauf (brauf), thereupon, upon it. 
 
 barau^ (brauS), thereout, there- 
 from, out of it (this, that, them). 
 
 bartn (brin), therein, in it (this, 
 that); barinnen, therewithin, in- 
 side. 
 
 bie ^orftcffung (-, -en), exhibition, 
 representation. 
 
 baritber, over that (it), thereon 
 (of), about that. 
 
 borum (brum), about it. 
 
 ha^, the; which, that. 
 
 t>aiii, conj., that. 
 
 ber ^otitJ (-g, -e), dative (case). 
 
 ha^ '^^atnm (-«, S)ata or ®aten), 
 date. 
 
 bie ^aucr (-), duration, continu- 
 ance. 
 
 baucrn, to last, continue, remain. 
 
 babon, therefrom, thereof, there- 
 by; of or by it (that); thence, 
 away, oflf. 
 
 bie 2)cde (-, -n), ceiling, cover. 
 
 beden, to cover. 
 
 ber 2)cgen (-g, -), sword. 
 
 bctn ( — , — e, — ), thy, thine, your; 
 — er, — e, — eS, yours; ber, bie, baS 
 — (ig)^, yours. 
 
204 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 bic ^ctttnation (- -en), declension. 
 
 bcflinicrcn, to decline. 
 
 bic ^cnftrficit (-, -en), thought 
 products. 
 
 benfcn (bac^te, gebad^t), to think; 
 — an, to think of. 
 
 ba^ ^ttttmal (-«, -^er and -e), monu- 
 ment. 
 
 bcnn, for; than; unless; then. 
 
 bcr (bie, ha^): i. def. art., the; 2. 
 demons, pron. and adj., that 
 (one); 3. rel. pron., who, which, 
 that. 
 
 bcr* (bie*, bo8=)icm9C, that one, 
 those; he, she, it {before a rel. 
 pron.). 
 
 bcr* (bie*, bag*)fcI6c, the same. 
 
 ht§fiaii), therefore, on this account. 
 
 bcfto, the, so much; j[e fd^netter, — 
 tt)tx, the quicker, the sooner. 
 
 bcutli^, distinct(ly), clear, intel- 
 ligible. 
 
 bcutf(^, adj., German; — gafjlen, 
 count in German; auf — , in 
 German. 
 
 ha^ ^cutfc^c (-n), German (lan- 
 guage). 
 
 cin ^cutf(^cr (ber — c, bie — en), a 
 German. 
 
 ber ^cutfc^^crrcttorbcn (-«, -), the 
 knights of the German Order. 
 
 ^cutfd^tanb (-^; neut.), Germany. 
 
 bcr ^cscmbcr (-«), December. 
 
 b. ^., ha^ {)ctBt. 
 
 bid^tcn, to compose, write poetry. 
 
 bcr 2)id^tcr (-8, -), poet. 
 
 birf, thick, fat, stout. 
 
 bcr ^tc6 (-e6, -c), thief. 
 
 ber Wiener (-^, -), servant. 
 
 bcr ^icnft (-eg, -e), service. 
 
 ber ^tcn^tag (-e6, -e), Tuesday. 
 
 btcnftbar, serviceable. 
 
 ha^ ^tcnftmttb(^cn (-S, -), servant 
 girl. 
 
 bic^ (— er, — e, —t^), this, this one, 
 the latter. 
 
 bxt^mal, this time. 
 
 ha^ ^iftat (-8, -e), dictation. 
 
 bifttcrcn, to dictate. 
 
 ba^ ^ing (-c8, -e), thing. 
 
 ber ^ircftor (-6, -en), director, 
 manager, principal or head- 
 master (of a school). 
 
 bit»ibicrcn, to divide. 
 
 bie 2)tt)tr«)n (-, -en), division. 
 
 bod^, but, yet, still, however, never- 
 theless, though; fag mtr — , do 
 tell me; "bd^ toerftcf)en ®ic — ? you 
 certainly understand that? I 
 hope you understand that? 
 
 ber Cottar (-8, -8), dollar. 
 
 ber ^onncrliaff (-8, -c), resounding 
 of thunder. 
 
 bonncrn, to thunder. 
 
 ber Conner ^tag (-eg, -c), Thursday. 
 
 bo8 3)orf (-cS, -^er), village. 
 
 bort, there. 
 
 bortfelfift, see bort. 
 
 brci, three. 
 
 bcr ^rci^igjo^rtgc ^rtcg. Thirty 
 Years' War (1618-48). 
 
 brctft, bold(ly), courageous. 
 
 brittcr (-e, -cS), third. 
 
 ha^ 2)rtttcr (-g, -), third. 
 
 bro^cnb, threatening. 
 
 ber 2)ufoten (-6, -), ducat. 
 
 bumm, stupid. 
 
 bunfct, dark, gloomy, obscure. 
 
 bunfctn, to grow dark. 
 
 biinn, thin, fine, small. 
 
 bm6) {ace), through, by, by means 
 of, across. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 205 
 
 burd^Ieu(^'tcn, to light throughout, 
 brighten, illuminate. 
 
 burt^mac^cw, to finish. 
 
 burc^aic^cn (J09 burd^, burd^gesoQcn), 
 to draw, pull or pass through. 
 
 biirfen (er barf; burfte, geburft), to 
 dare, be permitted, ought. But: 
 \6) I)a&c au«gel)en biirfcn. Simi- 
 larly : miiffen, f onncn, mogen, f oHen, 
 inollen, etc. 
 
 ber 2)urft (-eg), thirst. 
 
 biirftcn, to thirst, be thirsty. 
 
 burftig, thirsty. 
 
 cbcn, even, level, smooth; adv., just, 
 precisely, quite, certainly. 
 
 cbcnfall^, likewise. 
 
 ebcnfo, just so; — gut h3ie, just as 
 good as. 
 
 bie @dc (-, -n), edge, corner. 
 
 erfig, angular, cornered. 
 
 cbd, noble, highborn; bcr (Sbic, 
 man of noble birth or character. 
 
 ber ©belmann {-tf>, -leute), noble- 
 man. 
 
 c^e, sooner, earlier, before, former- 
 ly; ere. 
 
 cl^cr, comparative of el^c. 
 
 cl^rcn, to honor, esteem. 
 
 c()rlid^, honorable, honest, just. 
 
 c^rhjiirbig, venerable. 
 
 bag @i (-eg, -er), egg. 
 
 ci! ay! indeed! why! 
 
 eifcrfiirfitig, jealous, envious. 
 
 eigen, proper, own, peculiar, spe- 
 cial; strange, curious. 
 
 bie ©tgcnart (-, -en), peculiarity. 
 
 etgcnfinnig, self-willed, headstrong. 
 
 etgentlid^, proper, real, really, prop- 
 erly speaking. 
 
 ber ©igcntitmcr (-g, -), proprietor. 
 
 eigcntiimtirfl, (belonging to) exclu- 
 sively; peculiar, strange. 
 
 bie @tlc (-), haste, speed, hurry. 
 
 cUcn, to hasten, hurry. 
 
 cin (etne, ein), a, an, one; adv., in, 
 into. 
 
 Ctnanber, another, one another, 
 each other, 
 
 etnbrtngcn (brad^te ein, cin9ebrad)t), 
 to bring in. 
 
 bie @infiu^e (-, -n), loss, damage. 
 
 eittcr ( — e, — g), one; a person, peo- 
 ple. 
 
 Ctncrlci, of one sort; all the same, 
 immaterial. 
 
 einfad^, simple, single. 
 
 ber ©infatt (-(e)g, -^e), falling in; 
 sudden idea, notion. 
 
 bcr ©influft (-[[eg, -iiffe), flowing 
 in, influence. 
 
 ber ©infu^r^anbcl (-g), import 
 trade. 
 
 cingroben (er grSbt ein; grub ein, etn= 
 gegraben), to dig in; to engrave. 
 
 citt^crgc^cn (ging einf)er, i[t einl)er= 
 gegangen), to move along, wan- 
 der about. 
 
 Ctnl^olcn, to bring in, go to meet or 
 fetch; to obtain; to overtake. 
 
 citttg, one, single, united; einige, 
 any, some, a few. 
 
 cinigemal, a few times. 
 
 fid^ cinigcn, to agree. 
 
 bie ©ittigtcit (-), unity. 
 
 bie ©inigung (-, -en), union, agree- 
 ment. 
 
 cinjafirig, lasting one year; ber 
 (Siniaf)rig=i^rein)itlige, volunteer 
 soldier serving one year. 
 
 etntnal, once, one time, once upon 
 
2o6 
 
 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 a time, sometime, Just, only; 
 ttuf — , suddenly; noci^ — , once 
 more. 
 
 tiaS (^mmaUm^, once one, multi- 
 plication table. 
 
 eiiinc^mcn (er nimmt ein; nalim cin, 
 eingenommen), to take in, gather 
 in; to capture; to receive, col- 
 lect. 
 
 einrtd^ten, to arrange, order, estab- 
 lish, furnish. 
 
 clo^, adv., one, of one mind. 
 
 6ic @itt^ (-), (the number) one. 
 
 chlfotn, lonely, lonesome, solitary, 
 alone. 
 
 dttfd^Iic^Iid^, inclusive. 
 
 Dcr @ittfpru(^ (-(e) 8, -"-c), prohibi- 
 tion, protestation, opposition. 
 
 elnft, once, one time, some day. 
 
 CtnftnJcUcn, in the meantime. 
 
 tie ©intratl^t (-), concord, union. 
 
 etntrctcn (cr tritt ein; trat ein, ift eingea 
 treten), to step in, enter; to begin. 
 
 bcr ©ttttritt (-(e)g, -e), entering on, 
 entrance, admission. 
 
 bic ©inja^l (-), singular (number). 
 
 cinscin, single, separate, solitary. 
 
 ber @in5clftttat (-eg, -en), (single) 
 state. 
 
 fcie @ifcn6o^n (-, -en), railway, 
 railroad. 
 
 bag (Element (-8, -e), element. 
 
 bie (§Mttn {pi. only), parents. 
 
 empfongcn (er cmpfangt; empfing, 
 empfangen), to receive. 
 
 e»H?fc^len (cr cmpfiei)It; empfatil, 
 cmpfof)Ien), to commend, recom- 
 mend. 
 
 cm^finbcn (empfanb, empfunben), to 
 feel, experience. 
 
 tvxpot, up, upwards, on high, aloft. 
 
 cm^jorfiringcn (brcd^te em^)or, einpor= 
 gebrad^t), to raise up or forward, 
 promote. 
 
 em^or^cbcn (I)ob empor, emporgel^o- 
 ben), to raise up. 
 
 fid^ cmporfd^njtngcn (fd^lDong empor, 
 cmporgefc^JDungen), to rise or soar 
 up. 
 
 ha?> @nbc (-«, -n), end, termina- 
 tion; aim, purpose, object. 
 
 cnbgiiltig, final. 
 
 enblid^, final, last; finally, at last. 
 
 enblO)^, endless, infinite. 
 
 bic @nbung (-, -en), ending. 
 
 cnglifd^, English. 
 
 ha^ ©nglifdic (-n), English (lan- 
 guage). 
 
 ber @nfcl (-6, -), grandson. 
 
 bie ©ntbcdung (-, -en), discovery, 
 disclosure. 
 
 cntfaffctt (er cntfciKt; cntftcl, ift ent= 
 fatten), to fall from or out of. 
 
 entgeUen (er entgilt; entgalt, cnt^ 
 goltcn), to suffer for, atone for. 
 
 cnt^attcn (er cntl^alt; cntf)ielt, entfials 
 ten), to hold, contain. 
 
 cntncl^mcn (cr entnimmt; entnal^m, 
 entnommen), to take away or 
 from, borrow from. 
 
 cntfd^ulbtgcn, to excuse. 
 
 cntfcnbcn (entfanbte, entfanbt), to 
 send off. 
 
 entfprcc^cnb, suitable, correspond- 
 ing. 
 
 cnthJcbcr, either. 
 
 bic @nttt)td(ung (-, -en), develop- 
 ment. 
 
 cntshicibrcc^en (er bric^t ent^njci; brad^ 
 entgmet, ent^mcigebrod^cn), to breaJ 
 in two, asunder. 
 
 evbauen, to build up, erect. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 207 
 
 baS (irbc (-8), inheritance, herit- 
 age. 
 
 crbtid^, hereditary, heritable. 
 
 ha^ QvUtii (-S, -c), inheritance. 
 
 bcr @rb6att (-«)/ globe, world. 
 
 bie ©rbc (-, -n), earth, world; 
 ground, soil. 
 
 ba^ ©rbcnrunb (-e8), ^ee (SrbbalL 
 
 bag ©rbgcfc^oft HfeS, -ffe), ground 
 floor. 
 
 bie ©rbfunbc (-), knowledge of the 
 earth, geography, geology. 
 
 ber ©rbteil (-c8, -c), part of the 
 world, continent. 
 
 crfa^ren (er erfatirt; erfutir, erfaliren), 
 to learn, come to know. 
 
 bie @rfinbu«g {-, -en), invention. 
 
 crfolgcn {aux. fcin), follow from, re- 
 sult. 
 
 crgrcifcn (ergriff, ergriffen), to lay 
 hold of, seize. 
 
 cr fatten (cr ert)alt; ert)telt, er^altcn), 
 to keep, uphold, maintain, re- 
 ceive. 
 
 crl^eOIid^, important, considerable, 
 weighty. 
 
 crfcnnen (erfatmte, erfannt), to know; 
 to recognize. 
 
 crflarcn, to explain; to declare. 
 
 ft(| crfunbigcn, to inquire. 
 
 crtciben (eriitt, eriitten), to suffer, 
 endure, undergo. 
 
 crlijfc^en (cr erlifc^t; erlofd^, ift er* 
 lofd^en), to extinguish, go out, 
 become effaced. 
 
 crmtttcln, to find out. 
 
 crncil^ren, to nourish, support, 
 maintain. 
 
 ernft, earnest, serious, grave. 
 
 bie ©rofierung {-, -en), conquest, 
 acquisition (by conquest). 
 
 crflffncn, to open, unclose; to dis- 
 close, publish. 
 
 crraten (er errat; erriet, erraten), to 
 guess, divine. 
 
 crrcid^cn, to reach, attain. 
 
 ctrrid^ten, to erect, set up, found. 
 
 crfrfiatten {aux. fcin), to resound, 
 ring. 
 
 erft^Iic^cn (erfd^Iofe, erfc^Ioffen), to 
 open, unlock; to disclose; to con- 
 clude, infer. 
 
 crfdfircdcn (er erfd^ridt; erfd^rof, ift 
 crfd^rodfen), to be frightened, 
 alarmed, startled. 
 
 crft, firstly, for the first time; not 
 until; only; but just; ber, bte, 
 ba^ — c, the first; — er, — e, — c8, 
 first, foremost. 
 
 crftauncn {aux. fcin), to be aston- 
 ished, surprised. 
 
 crtcWcn, to impart, give, bestow. 
 
 crhjac^fen (er erlDod^ft; ertoud^S, ift er* 
 tDad^fen), to grow, grow up. 
 
 crhjarten, to look for, expect, await. 
 
 bk ©rtoortung (-, -en), expectation, 
 anticipation. 
 
 crhjeifen (ermieg, erioiefen), to prove, 
 show, render. 
 
 crhjibcrn, to reply, answer. 
 
 crsd^len, to tell, relate. 
 
 bie ©rja^tung (-, -en), narration; 
 narrative, account, story. 
 
 crstc^cn (ergog, erjogen), to rear, 
 bring up, educate. 
 
 ber @fcl (-§, -), ass, donkey. 
 
 cPar, edible, eatable. 
 
 cffcn (er tfet; afe, gegeffen), to eat. 
 
 bag (Sffen (-«), eating, food, meal. 
 
 ber (S^tifd^ (-e«, -e), dining-table. 
 
 ba^ ®^5tmmer (-g, -), dining-room. 
 
 cthJa, perhaps, indeed, nearly, about. 
 
2o8 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 tttoaS, something, somewhat, 
 some; a little. 
 
 cucr (eurc, euer), your; gen. of i^x, 
 
 Ctoig, always, eternally, forever. 
 
 bic ©migfeit (-, -tn), eternity. 
 
 ha^ ©jamctt (-«, -mina), examina- 
 tion. 
 
 bic ©E^jcbition (-, -en), dispatch, 
 forwarding, expedition. 
 
 bic i^abtil {-, -en), factory, manu- 
 factory. 
 
 bcr fjaben (-6, -^), thread. 
 
 bic i^atinc (-, -n), flag, banner. 
 
 fasten (cr faf)rt; fu^r, i[t or ^at gcfa^* 
 rcn), to go (in a conveyance), go 
 on; to proceed, travel, drive, 
 sail, journey. 
 
 bic iJaftorei (-, -en), agency; fac- 
 tory. 
 
 faHen (er fattt; fiel, ift acfatten), to 
 fall, drop. 
 
 falfd^, false. 
 
 bic l^otttilte (-, -n), family. 
 
 fangen (er fangt; fing, gefangen), to 
 catch, take prisoner. 
 
 bic ^atbt (-, -n), color. 
 
 faffen, to seize. 
 
 foft, almost, nearly. 
 
 foul, lazy; foul, rotten. 
 
 bic ^auft (-, -e), fist. 
 
 bcr S'cbruor (-g), February. 
 
 bic O^ebcr (-,-n), feather, quill, pen. 
 
 fcl^Icn, to miss, fail; to be missing 
 or absent; to be wanting or de- 
 ficient; to ail. 
 
 bcr f^ti^iex (-g, -), mistake, fault. 
 
 bcr ^eiertag (-eg, -c), holiday, fes- 
 tival. 
 
 ber fjeiub (-e^, -e), enemy. 
 
 ha^ ^elh (-e8, -cr), field. 
 
 ber i^d§ (-en, -en) or bcr gclfen 
 (-g, -), rock, cliff. 
 
 bog S^clfcntiff (-eg, -c), reef, ridge 
 or ledge of rock. 
 
 bog tjenftcr (-g, -), window. 
 
 bic O^crien (pi. only), vacation, holi- 
 days. 
 
 fern, far (off), distant. 
 
 fcrttg, ready; complete. 
 
 feft, fast, firm, hard. 
 
 bic g^eftftettung (-, -en), the deter- 
 mining, establishment, the fixing. 
 
 bcr iJefttog (-eg, -e), holiday, festi- 
 val day. 
 
 finben (fanb, gefunben), to find; fid^ 
 — , to find one's self; to be (in 
 condition, place). 
 
 ber iJinger (-g, -), finger. 
 
 ber i^lad)cmni}alt (-g, -e), surface, 
 contents, area. 
 
 bic ^iammc (-, -en), flame. 
 
 flottcrn, to flutter, float in the wind. 
 
 bog i^Ul^d) (-eg), flesh, meat. 
 
 fteiffig, industrious, diligent. 
 
 flicgen (flog, ift geflogcn), to fly. 
 
 fiteftcn (flofe, ift gcfloffen), to flow. 
 
 bic Idiotic (-, -n), fleet, navy. 
 
 bcr i^lm (-eg, -e), hall, corridor. 
 
 ber i^lufi (-ffeg, ^ffe), flow, stream, 
 river, circulation. 
 
 fotgen (dat.), (aux. fein), to follow. 
 
 fotgcnbcrmoftcn, as follows, in the 
 following manner. 
 
 forbern, to demand, require; to 
 summon, challenge. 
 
 bic iJorm (-, -en), form, figure, 
 shape. 
 
 bcr ?5orf(^er (-g, -), searcher, in- 
 vestigator. 
 
 bog t^oti (-g, -g), fort, fortress. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 209 
 
 fort, on; away, off; forward, on- 
 ward. 
 
 fortbcftc^cn (beftanb fort, fortbcftan* 
 ben), to last, endure, continue to 
 exist. 
 
 fortfa^rctt (er fafirt fort; fufir fort, ift 
 fortgefaf)rcn), to depart, drive off 
 or away, travel off; to continue, 
 proceed, go on. 
 
 fortfi^rcttcn ([c^rttt fort, ift fortgc* 
 f(i^rttten), to move onward, make 
 progress, improve or advance. 
 
 ber fjortfc^ritt (-eg, -e), progress, 
 advance, improvement. 
 
 bie g'ortfc^ung (-, -en), carrying on, 
 continuation. 
 
 forttrcificn (trieb fort, fortgetricben), 
 to drive away or onward; to pro- 
 pel, carry on; to continue. 
 
 bte forage (-, -n), question. 
 
 fragen, to ask. 
 
 gronfrcic^ (-g; neut.), France. 
 
 ber iJranaofc (-n, -n). Frenchman. 
 
 frangofifc^, French. 
 
 ha§ ^rangofifc^c (-n), French (lan- 
 guage). 
 
 bte t^tau (-, -en), woman, wife, 
 madam, Mrs. 
 
 ba^ ^xmitin (-«, -), young (un- 
 married) lady, Miss. 
 
 fret, free, at liberty; — {)aben, to 
 have a vacation. 
 
 bte ^rci^cit (-, -en), freedom. 
 
 frctlid^, to be sure, of course, cer- 
 tainly. 
 
 freif)jrcd^ctt (er fprid^t frei; fprad^ fret, 
 fretgefproc^en), to acquit. 
 
 ber iJrcitag (--g, -e), Friday. 
 
 ber f^rcttoiaigc (-n, -n), volunteer. 
 
 frcmb, strange, foreign; unknown, 
 unusual. 
 
 bic S'rcmbc, foreign country; in ber 
 
 — , abroad, 
 frcffcn (er frifet; frofe, gefreffen), to 
 
 eat (of beasts). 
 bie fjrcubc (-, -n), joy, gladness, 
 
 delight, pleasure. 
 frcubig, joyful, cheerful. 
 frcuen, to make glad, please, give 
 
 pleasure to; fic^ — (tiber or gen.), 
 
 to rejoice, be glad, be pleased, 
 ber iJt^cunb (-eg, -c), friend, 
 bie S'rcunbin (-, -nen), female 
 
 friend. 
 freunbtt(j^, friendly, kind, cheerful, 
 bic fjrcunbfc^flft (-, -en), friendship, 
 ber 3^ricbc(n) (-ng, -n), peace. 
 fricrctt (fror, gefroren), to freeze, be 
 
 cold. 
 frtf^, fresh, vigorous. 
 fro^, happy, gay, joyous. 
 \vdl)iidi, joyous, joyful, gay, merry, 
 ber O^ro^finn (-(e)g), cheerfulness, 
 
 happy disposition. 
 fromtn, pious, upright, honest, 
 bie ^xnd)t (-, -^e), fruit. 
 fru^, early. 
 
 ha^ fjrii^ja^r (-(c)g, -e), spring, 
 ber 3^ritf|ting (-g, -c), spring, 
 bag fjrii^ftiid (-g, -e), breakfast. 
 fii^Icn, to feel. 
 fit^rcn, to lead, carry (on), 
 ber IJul^rmann (-eg, -leute), coach- 
 man, driver, 
 fiinf, five; ftinfte, fifth. 
 fiinffa«^, fivefold (times); bag 
 
 ^^iinffac^e, portion five times as 
 
 great, quintuplet. 
 funfcin, to glitter, shine, sparkle, 
 fiir (ace), for. 
 bie ijfmd)t (-), fear; — Oor, fear 
 
 of. 
 
2IO 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 fiirt^tcn, to fear. 
 
 bcr i^ixx^t (-en, -en), prince, sover- 
 eign. 
 
 fitrttjal^r, indeed, forsooth, verily. 
 
 bcr ?5ufj (-€«, -^e), foot; ju — , on 
 foot. 
 
 bcr t5«Pobcn (-g, - or ■«■), floor. 
 
 bcr fju^gdngcr (-8, -), pedestrian. 
 
 bic iju^rcifc (-, -n), walking tour. 
 
 bte @o6cI (-, -n), fork. 
 
 bcr (SJatgcn (-«, -), gallows. 
 
 bcr (3anq (-cS, -^e), path; hall, cor- 
 ridor. 
 
 bic @an)§ (-, ■'c), goose. 
 
 ganj, whole, entire, all, complete. 
 
 gar, quite, entirely, very, at all; 
 prepared; — nic^t, not at all; — 
 nid^tg, nothing at all. 
 
 bcr ©artcn (-«, ^), garden. 
 
 bcr ©drtncr (-S, -), gardener. 
 
 boS &a^tt)a^§ (-e«/ *cr), hotel, 
 inn. 
 
 geiidren (fie gcbiert; gcbar, gcborcn), to 
 bear, give birth to. 
 
 ba^ &cHuhe (-«, -), building. 
 
 qthcn (er gibt; gab, gcgeben), to give; 
 eS gibt, there is (are). 
 
 ba^ ©cbict (-eg, -c), district, prov- 
 ince, territory. 
 
 ge^oren, born, by birth, native. 
 
 gcbraudficn, to use. 
 
 bic ©cburt (-, -en), birth, origin. 
 
 bcr ®thuti^taq (-(c)g,-e), birthday. 
 
 bic ©cbanfcntDcIt (-, -en), thought 
 world, ideal world. 
 
 gcbcnfctt (geba(^te, gcboc^t), to re- 
 member; to intend, design, plan. 
 
 baQ ©cbtd^t (-e«, -e), poem. 
 
 bic ®cbulb (-), patience, endurance, 
 
 forbearance. 
 gcfallcn (cr gefiittt; gefici, gcfottcn; 
 
 dat.), to please, suit. 
 gegen, prep, (ccc), towards, against; 
 
 about, somewhere near, 
 bcr ©cgcnftanb (-eg, ^e), object, 
 
 subject, affair. 
 ba^ ®cgcntcit (-eg, -e), opposite, 
 
 contrary. 
 gcgeniiiicr, adv., opposite; prep. 
 
 (with dat. preceding), opposite 
 
 (to), opposed to, in relation to, 
 
 as concerns, 
 bic ©cgcnhJart (-), present time; 
 
 presence. 
 gc^cn (ging, ift gcgangen), to go, 
 
 walk; to go or fare with; to be 
 
 (in health); bag gct)t nid^t, that 
 
 will not do. 
 gepren {dat.), to belong to. 
 bcr ©cift (-eg, -cr), spirit, soul, mind, 
 
 intellect; l^umanen ®ei[tcg, of the 
 
 spirit of culture. 
 getftig, spirituous, spiritual; men- 
 tal, intellectual, 
 bag ©cHirr (-g, -t), clanking. 
 gelangen {aux. fetn), to reach, arrive 
 
 at, attain (to), get. 
 gcI6, yellow. 
 
 bag @clb (-eg, -cr), money, 
 bcr ©etbfarf (-eg, -^c), money-sack, 
 
 bag. 
 gclcgcntlid^, occasional, incidental, 
 
 on an occasion, on occasion of. 
 gclcl^rt, learned, instructed, well- 
 informed, 
 ber ©elc^rtc (-n, -n; cin — r), learned 
 
 person, scholar. 
 gelingctt (eg gclingt tnir; gelang, ift 
 
 gelungen), to succeed, prosper. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 211 
 
 gemctnfam, common, held in com- 
 mon. 
 
 qcmixtti^, good-natured, kindly, 
 agreeable, cheerful; cozy. 
 
 gcnau, close (fitting), accurate, 
 minute, exact. 
 
 ber ©cnitib (or -cttD, -g, -e), geni- 
 tive (case). 
 
 gcttug, enough, sufficiently. 
 
 ber ©colog (-en, -en), geologist. 
 
 ha^ ©cpkubcr (-«, -), chatter. 
 
 g(c)rabc, straight, erect; even; 
 straightforward; quite, just. 
 
 bag ©crid^t (-eg, -c), court of jus- 
 tice, judgment. 
 
 geting, small, little, trifling, unim- 
 portant. 
 
 ber (Scrmancnftamm (-c8, -^c), Ger- 
 manic family, race, stem. 
 
 ficrn (lieber, am liebftcn), with pleas- 
 ure, willingly, readily; — l^aben, 
 to like. 
 
 bic ©cfamtbcbbWcrung (-, -en), 
 total population. 
 
 ber ©cfamthjcrt (-c8, -e), total 
 value (worth, price). 
 
 ber ©cfang (-eg, -^c), singing, song. 
 
 ta^ ©cfdfaft (-eg, -c), employment, 
 occupation, business. 
 
 gcfc^cficn (eg flef(^ief)t; gefd^a^, ift gc« 
 fc^e^en), to happen. 
 
 bic @cf(^trf)tc (-, -en), history, 
 story, affair. 
 
 bag ©cfc^mcibc (-g, -), trinkets, 
 jewels. 
 
 bag ©cft^oft (-ffeg, -ffc), arrow, fire- 
 arm; floor, story. 
 
 bie ©cfc^njtftcr (pi. only), brother (s) 
 and sister (s). 
 
 ber @cfca(c) (-(e)n, -(e)n), com- 
 panion, fellow. 
 
 bte @cfcfff(^aft (-, -en), society, as- 
 sociation, company, social gath- 
 ering. 
 
 bag @cfc^ (-eg, -e), law. 
 
 bic ©efe^gefiung (-,-en), legislation. 
 
 gcfc^t, fixed, established, set up; 
 sedate. 
 
 bag @ef{rf)t (-eg, -cr or -c), sight, 
 countenance, face. 
 
 gefinnt, minded, disposed. 
 
 gcftcrn, yesterday. 
 
 gefunb, sound, healthy, well. 
 
 bic ©efunbljcit (-, -en), health. 
 
 bag ©ctrcibc (-g, -), corn, grain; 
 bag ©etreibetorn (-g, -^er), cereal, 
 grain. 
 
 gctrculit!^, faithfully. 
 
 gcrtJaWtg, powerful, strong, mighty. 
 
 bag ©chiaffcr (-g, -), water {collec- 
 tive), flood. 
 
 ge)t)erHi(^, industrial, professional. 
 
 bic ©ctoinnung (-, -en), gain(ing); 
 acquisition. 
 
 getotft, sure(ly), certain (ly). 
 
 bag ©ehJtffen (-g, -), conscience. 
 
 gertid^nlt^, usual, ordinary, cus- 
 tomary, common. 
 
 bag ©eftjurj (-eg, -e), spice, season- 
 ing. 
 
 ber ©ettiitrs^anbcl (-g), spice trade, 
 commerce in spice. 
 
 giertg, greedy. 
 
 ber (Si^fet (-g, -), summit, top. 
 
 ber ©tans (-eg), luster, brightness, 
 splendor, magnificence, glory. 
 
 glangcnb, brilliant, splendid. 
 
 bag @ltt)§ (-eg, -^cr), glass, drinking 
 glass, etc. 
 
 ber @(afer (-g, -), glazier. 
 
 glauben, to believe, think. 
 
 glcid^, alike, even, level, equal. 
 
212 
 
 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 gteid^giiltig, equivalent, indifferent. 
 
 baS (Slicb (-c8, -cr), member, limb; 
 rank or file. 
 
 gti^crn, to glitter, glisten. 
 
 \i(x^ @liid (-eg), luck, fortune, suc- 
 cess, happiness. 
 
 flliidfUrfl, fortunate, lucky, happy, 
 successful. 
 
 gliil^cn, glow, burn. 
 
 bie @nabc {-, -n), favor, good- will, 
 grace, mercy. 
 
 bog OJoIb (-eg), gold. 
 
 gotben, golden, gilt. 
 
 bie ©olbfiiftc (-, -n), gold-coast. 
 
 ber ®ott (-e«, *er), God, god. 
 
 ber ©oubcrneur (-g, -c), governor. 
 
 "iio.^ @ra6 (-eg, -^er), grave. 
 
 bog @ra^ (-eg, ^er), grass. 
 
 grou, gray. 
 
 grauentioH, awful, horrible. 
 
 grcifen (griff, gegriffen), to grasp. 
 
 ber @rei^ (-eg, -e), old man. 
 
 grie(3^if(^, Greek. 
 
 bog @ric(^ifd^e (-n), Greek (lan- 
 guage). 
 
 gro^, tall; gro&erc Slnjol^I, a rather 
 large number. 
 
 bie ©rij^c (-, -n), tallness, great- 
 ness, size. 
 
 griin, green. 
 
 ber ©runb6efi^er (-g, -), landed 
 proprietor. 
 
 gritttben, to ground, establish, 
 found, base. 
 
 bie ©runbform (-, -en), fundamen- 
 tal form(s) (principal parts). 
 
 Me QJriinbung (-, -en), founding, 
 foundation, establishment. 
 
 griiticn, to grow or be green; to 
 thrive, prosper. A 
 
 bic (SJru^^JC (-, -n), grou - 
 
 \ 
 
 gtii^en, to greet. 
 
 gitttig, valid, legal, binding, ap- 
 plicable, admissible. 
 
 bie @unft (-), favor. 
 
 gut (beffer, beft), good, well. 
 
 bog (Sut (-eg, -^er), good thing, pos- 
 session, property, goods, estate, 
 farm. 
 
 ber ©tjmnafiaft (-en, -en), pupil of 
 a ©ijmnofium. 
 
 bog ©timnaftum (-g, -ten), German 
 higher school in which the clas- 
 sical languages are emphasized. 
 
 bog ^aar (-eg, -c), hair. 
 
 I^abcn (er ()ot; !)otte, get)obt), to have. 
 
 ber ^afcn (-g, ^), haven, port, har- 
 bor. 
 
 1^016, half. 
 
 bie ^alfifugcl (-, -n), hemisphere. 
 
 ber ^cXm (-eg, -e), blade, stalk. 
 
 ber ^ai)§ (-eg, -^e), neck. 
 
 l^ttttcn (er I)oIt; l^ielt, getiolten), to 
 hold, keep; to support, main- 
 tain; to contain; to celebrate; to 
 think. 
 
 bie ^onb (-, -^e), hand. 
 
 ber ^onbet (-g), trade, commerce, 
 affair, business. 
 
 bie ^anbel^begic^ung (-, -en), com- 
 mercial relations. 
 
 bie .^ponbel^flottc (-, -n), commer- 
 cial fleet, fleet of merchantmen. 
 
 bie ^ottbel^niebcrlaffung (-, -en), 
 commercial settlement, colony. 
 
 bie ^onbetigftabt (-, -^e), commercial 
 city. 
 
 ber Jponbct;§lt)cg (-eg, -e), path of 
 commerce. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 213 
 
 bie ^anblung (-, -en), action, busi- 
 ness, trade, shop. 
 
 ber J^anbnjcrfiSdurfic (-n,-n), trav- 
 eling artisan, journeyman. 
 
 pngCtt, to hang. 
 
 bie ^anfa (-), Hanseatic league. 
 
 bie ^anfaftabt {-, -e), city of the 
 Hanseatic league. 
 
 f^axt, hard, harsh, severe, cruel, ob- 
 stinate, difficult. 
 
 ^a^Uc^, hateful, loathsome, ugly, 
 unpleasant. 
 
 bcr ^ouc^ (-eg, -e), breath, breeze, 
 aspiration. 
 
 I^aucn (l^ieb, getiauen), to hew, cut; 
 to lash, strike, beat. 
 
 bag ^anpt (-eg, ^er), head, chief. 
 
 bie ^au^tfoc^e (-, -n), chief mat- 
 ter, main point. 
 
 ^au)Jtfo(^Uc^, chief (ly), principal. 
 
 bie ^au^ftabt (-, •^), chief city, 
 capital. 
 
 bie ^anpi^txafit (-, -n), main street. 
 
 bag ^au^jttcil (-eg, -e), principal 
 part. 
 
 bog J^au^jtnjort (-eg, -^cr), noun. 
 
 bag ^m§ (-eg, ^er), house; nad^ 
 ^aufe 0et)en, to go home; gu §au[e, 
 at home. 
 
 bie ^aujgtiir (-, -en), front door. 
 
 I^efien (l^ob, gc^oben), to raise, lift. 
 
 bag ^eer (-eg, -e), army. 
 
 bag Jpeft (-eg, -e), handle, stitched or 
 paper-covered book; copy-book. 
 
 bie ^ctbc (-, -n), heath, unculti- 
 vated land. 
 
 bag ^cibenriillcin (-g, -), little rose 
 on the heath. 
 
 ^ctl! hail! 
 
 I^cilifl, holy. 
 
 i^cim, home, homeward. 
 
 bie ^ctntat (-), home, native place 
 
 or country. 
 l^Ctmatlt^, native, belonging to 
 
 one's home. 
 j^etmtic^, secret(ly). 
 ber ^cimhJcg (-eg, -e), way or road 
 
 home. 
 ^et^, hot. 
 l^et^en (f)iefe, gclicifecn), to command; 
 
 to be named, called; to mean. 
 inciter, bright, cheerful, 
 bie ^clbentat (-, -en), heroic deed, 
 ber ^clbcnbatcr (-g, ^er), hero(ic) 
 
 father. 
 I^clfcn (er I)ilft; l^alf, get)oIfen; dat.), 
 
 to help; to profit, avail; to do 
 
 good. 
 l^ctt, clear, bright. 
 ffcnUn, to hang, 
 bie ^cnnc (-, -n), hen. 
 l^cr, hither, this way, near, since, 
 
 ago. 
 l^crafifaHcn (er fitltt l^erab; fiel tierab, 
 
 ift f)erabgefallen), to fall down. 
 l^erabfteigen (ftteg l^erab, ift {)erabge* 
 
 ftiegen), to descend, dismount. 
 ^cranhiac^fcn (er md)\t Iieran; inuc^g 
 
 l^eran, t[t Iierangenjac^fen), to grow 
 
 up. 
 ^crau^fcnbcn (fonbtc tieraug, {)erau«*' 
 
 gefanbt), to send out. 
 bcr ^crbft (-eg, -c), autumn, 
 ber ^erbftmonat (-g, -e), autumn 
 
 month. 
 l^crcin! (come) in! 
 l^crfa^ten (er fal^rt l^er; fut)r fier, ift 
 
 f)ergefaf)ren), to come hither, ap- 
 proach, arrive in a vehicle, 
 
 move or drive hastily along. 
 ]^ermarf(f(icrcn (aux. fein), to march 
 
 hither or along, approach. 
 
214 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 bcr ^tn (-n, -en), master, lord, 
 gentleman, Mr. 
 
 ber ^crrfc^cr (-^, -), ruler, sover- 
 eign, commander. 
 
 bcr ^crrfrffcrl^ron (-€, -c(n) ), 
 ruler's throne. 
 
 tjcrumlicgcn (lag l^erum, f)erumge» 
 legen), to lie around. 
 
 lOcrunteriioten, to bring down. 
 
 l^crtjorfommen (tarn I)ert3or, ift l^cr* 
 borgefommen), to come forth 
 (out, up), appear. 
 
 ba^ ^ct5 (-cn6, -en), heart. 
 
 l^erjlid^, hearty, cordial, affection- 
 ate. 
 
 ffcntCf to-day. 
 
 l^eutig, of to-day, of the present 
 time. 
 
 l^icr, here. 
 
 I^icrauf, hereupon, upon this, then. 
 
 bcr ^immcl (-6, -), heaven, sky. 
 
 bic ^immtUauie) (-, -(e)n), fields 
 or meadows of heaven. 
 
 l^tmmlifd^, heavenly. 
 
 ttinahiaqin, to hunt (drive, chase) 
 down. 
 
 l^tnabtDcrfctt (cr h)irft tiinob; toarf 
 l^inab, l^inabgctDorfcn), to throw 
 down. 
 
 I^tnauf^ up (thither), up to. 
 
 ii'inan^U^tn (cr fief)t f)inau8; \af) f)in* 
 au«, f)inau8gefcf)cn), to look out. 
 
 l^tnein, into. 
 
 ^inctnrufcn (rief Iiincin, l^incingcru=» 
 fen), to call in or into. 
 
 l^tneittfdett, to sow into (the ground). 
 
 bie ^ingabe (-), giving away, 
 surrender, devotion. 
 
 ^tngebcn (cr gibt f)tn; gab l^in, f)ingc» 
 gcbcn), to give to (away); to sur- 
 render, sacrifice. 
 
 I^Megen, to lay down; to put away; 
 
 fic^ — , to lie down. 
 ^inftd^tliti^, with regard to, as to, 
 
 touching. 
 l^tnter {wiih dai. or ace), behind, 
 
 after. 
 ^iniibersic^en (jog biniibcr, l^iniibcr» 
 
 gc^ogcn), to pull over; to pass 
 
 over, extend. 
 j^injutrctcn (cr tritt fjinju; trat l^ingu, ift 
 
 Ilinjugctretcn), to step up to, join, 
 bcr ^irt (-en, -en), shepherd. 
 ^od^ (f)o^er, I)od§ft), high, tall, great, 
 
 noble. 
 tfodifitiiiq, most holy, 
 bic ^oe^fd^ulc (-, -n), higher school 
 
 or university. 
 ber ^of (-eS, -^c), yard, courtyard; 
 
 court, household (of a sovereign) . 
 l^offen, to hope. 
 l^offentKt^, (as) I hope, 
 bic J&dl^c (-, -n), height, high level; 
 
 summit, top; mountain, 
 l^olb, pleasing, charming, lovely, 
 l^oten, to fetch, get; to draw 
 
 (breath), 
 bcr ^offiinbcr (-«, -), Dutchman. 
 baQ J^olj (-e3, -c or -^cr), wood. 
 I^dren, to hear, 
 ber ^iigel {-€, -), hill. 
 tinman, tending to refine, cultural, 
 ber ^uttb (-e«, -e), dog. 
 ^unbert, hundred, 
 ber hunger (-«), hunger. 
 l^ungern, to hunger, be hungry, 
 
 starve. 
 I^ungrtg, hungry, 
 ber J&ut (-e«, -^c), hat; cover, 
 ber ^nttt (-€, -), guardian, keeper, 
 ber J^ntmaifitt (-«, -), hat-maker, 
 
 hatter. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 215 
 
 liiV (nom. pi. of hu), you; (dai. 
 of fie), to her; poss. adj., her, 
 their, your; poss. pron., hers, its, 
 theirs. 
 
 i^rigc (ber, hit, ba^ —), hers, its, 
 theirs; {with cap.), yours; Mc 
 Sf^ngen, your family. 
 
 im=tn bent. 
 
 tmmcr, always, ever, more and 
 more, continually. 
 
 in (dat.), in, at; (ace), into. 
 
 tnbcffcn, meantime, meanwhile; 
 while, however, nevertheless. 
 
 bcr Snbiancr (-8, -), Indian. 
 
 ber 3ttb«attU (-(e)g, -e), indica- 
 tive (mood). 
 
 ber Sngcnicur (-8, -e), engineer. 
 
 ber Sn^^tttt (-eg), contents. 
 
 innen, within. 
 
 innetDOl^ttcnb, indwelling, innate, 
 inherent. 
 
 ln)§ = ill bo8. 
 
 tn^ftcfonbcrc, especially. 
 
 bie ^ttfct (-, -ti), island. 
 
 tnfortJCit, in as far as, so far, accord- 
 ing as. 
 
 tntcrcffant, interesting. 
 
 bag ^tttcrcffc (-g, -n), interest, ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 tnternottonal, international. 
 
 inttjenbig, inside, within. 
 
 Stolien (-g; neut.), Italy. 
 
 itoltcnifc^, Italian. 
 
 fa, yes; indeed, truly, certainly, 
 
 you know, of course. 
 i>a^ ^a^v (-eS, -e), year. 
 
 bic Stt^rC!§5Cit (-, -en), time of year, 
 
 season. 
 ba^ SJtt^r^unbcrt {-§, -e), century. 
 lal^rig, year long, lasting a year, 
 ber 3>tnu«r (-«), January. 
 it, always, at a time, each; (before 
 
 comparatives), the; — ... befto, 
 
 the . . . the. 
 jebettfall!^, at all events, in any case, 
 
 however. 
 ieb ( — cr, — c, — eg), each, every. 
 jebcrjcit, at all times. 
 itht^mti, each (every) time. 
 ithodi, however, nevertheless, yet. 
 iemattb, some one. 
 jcn (— er, — e, — eg), that one, the 
 
 former. 
 jje^t, now. 
 
 jc^ig, present, now existing, 
 bie S^ugenb (-), youth, young peo- 
 ple, 
 ber Sua (-(g)), July. 
 iung, young; ilingftc 3eit, recent 
 
 time, 
 bcr SuwQC (-n, -n or -ng), boy, lad, 
 
 youth. 
 bie^ungfrau (-, -en), young woman, 
 
 virgin, 
 ber Sunt (-(g)), June, 
 ber (bag) S»>tJcI (-g, -c or -en), 
 
 jewel, gem. 
 
 ber ^affec (-g, -g), coffee. 
 
 bie ^affectaffe (-, -n), coffee cup. 
 
 bcr ^a^n (-g, *e), boat. 
 
 ber ^aifcr (-g, -), emperor; bie ^ai« 
 
 ferin (-, -nen), empress, 
 bie SlatfcrfamtUc (-, -n), imperial 
 
 family, family of the emperor. 
 Jttiferio^, without an emperor. 
 
2l6 
 
 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 bic SlaifcrtoJirbc (-, -n), office or 
 position of the emperor; see 
 SSurbc. 
 
 U\i, cold. 
 
 bcr ilamcrob (-8 or -m, -en), com- 
 rade, companion, fellow. 
 
 ber Uamm (-eg, ^e), comb. 
 
 fomtnen, to comb. 
 
 fam^jfen, to fight, combat, struggle. 
 
 ber ^am^f (-eg, -^e), battle, combat. 
 
 bie ^am^fe^Iuft (-), eager desire for 
 battle. 
 
 bos ^tt^jitat (-g, -ten), capital, 
 principal. 
 
 ber ^a^jitattft (-en, -en), capitalist. 
 
 bie Slartc (-, -n), card, map, chart. 
 
 ber ^aftctt (-6, -), box, chest. 
 
 bie ta^c (-, -n), cat. 
 
 lauen, to chew. 
 
 foufen, to buy, purchase. 
 
 ber 5laufmann (-«, -teute), mer- 
 chant, tradesman, shopkeeper. 
 
 faum, hardly, scarcely; — . . ., fo 
 . . ., scarcely . . ., when . . . 
 
 bie ^cl^le (-, -n), throat. 
 
 fcl^ren, to turn, sweep. 
 
 ber Sleim (-eg, -e), germ, embryo. 
 
 fcin, not any, no, not a; feinS Don 
 beiben, neither of the two. 
 
 ber tetter (-g, -), cellar. 
 
 fcnnen (fannte, gefannt), to know, 
 be acquainted. 
 
 bie Slenntni^ (-, -ffe), knowledge, 
 information. 
 
 ber tcrt (-eg, -e), fellow, worthless 
 fellow, bad character. 
 
 fcud^en, to pant, gasp, cough. 
 
 bog tinb (-eg, -er), child. 
 
 finblt^, childlike ; childish. 
 
 bie tir(((c (-, -n), church. 
 
 Cagcn, to complain; einent ti\Qa,^ 
 
 — , to complain to one of some- 
 thing. 
 
 ber ttang (-eg, -^e), sound, tone, 
 ringing; repute. 
 
 flax, clear, bright. 
 
 bie tiaffc (-, -n), class. 
 
 bie tlaffcnurjr (-, -en), class clock. 
 
 bag tlaffcnsimmer (-g, -), class 
 room. 
 
 bag Sltetb (-eg, -er), article of cloth- 
 ing, garment, dress. 
 
 Hetben, to clothe. 
 
 tlcin, small, little. 
 
 Heinafiattf^; of Asia Minor. 
 
 tiop^tn, to knock, beat, pound. 
 
 Hug, intelligent, clever, wise. 
 
 ber tnabe (-n, -n), boy. 
 
 bie tnabenfd^ute (-, -n), school for 
 boys. 
 
 bcr Unt^i (-eg, -e), servant. 
 
 tmp\tix, to fasten together, join, 
 tie, knot. 
 
 ber to(^ (-eg, -^e), cook. 
 
 bie tol^te (-, -n), coal. 
 
 ber or bag UoUmalhtxtx^ (-eg, -e), 
 colonial province, domain. 
 
 bie tolonialmad^t (-, ^e), colonial 
 power. 
 
 bie tolonte (-, -n), colony. 
 
 ber tolonifator (-g, -en), colonizer. 
 
 fommcn {tarn, x\t gefommen), to 
 come, arrive, happen. 
 
 bie tom|:»agnie (-, -n), company 
 {military). 
 
 bag tonbiment (-g, -c), seasoning. 
 
 ber tonig (-g, -e), king. 
 
 bag Slbnigrctd^ (-eg, -e), kingdom, 
 empire. 
 
 bie Conjugation (-, -en), conjuga- 
 tion. 
 
 {onjugicren, to conjugate. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 217 
 
 ber ^onjunfttt) (-(c)6, -c), sub- 
 junctive (mood). 
 
 Unntn (er farm; tonnU, gcfonnt), to 
 be able to; to know, understand. 
 
 ber to^f (-eg, ^e), head. 
 
 bag 5lo^flt)C^ (-eg, -c or -en), head- 
 ache. 
 
 ber ^orl6 (-eg, ^e), basket. 
 
 bag ^orn (-eg, ^er; (i^w. bag ^orn* 
 c^en), grain. 
 
 ber ^or^cr (-g, -), body. 
 
 bie 5liJr^crfrf|aft (-, -tn), corpora- 
 tion, body. 
 
 foftbar, costly, expensive, v'aluable, 
 excellent, precious. 
 
 td^tiidl, costly, excellent, delicious. 
 
 bie ^raft (-, -^e), strength, vigor, 
 power, force, energy. 
 
 frafttg, strong, powerful, forceful. 
 
 fraftJJOtt, full of strength, powerful. 
 
 hant, sick, ill. 
 
 bie 5lranfi^ett (-, -en), sickness, ill- 
 ness, disease. 
 
 ber ^rans (-eg, ^e), garland, wreath. 
 
 bag ^raut (-eg, *er; dim. bag ^raut* 
 lein), herb, plant, vegetable, 
 weed, 
 
 bie ^Iretbc (-, -n), chalk, crayon. 
 
 bag 5lteu5 (-eg, -e), cross, crucifix. 
 
 ber ^rcu53ug (-eg, -^e), crusade. 
 
 ber 5ltteg (-(e)g, -e), war. 
 
 ber 5lrieger (-g, -), warrior, soldier. 
 
 ber Slricg^^err (-(e)n, -en), com- 
 mander-in-chief. 
 
 ber ilronprins (-en, -en), crown 
 prince. 
 
 frumm, crooked, bent, curved, 
 twisted; dishonest. 
 
 bie ^iid^c (-, -en), kitchen. 
 
 ber 5lud^en (-g, -), cake. 
 
 ber ^udurf (-(e)g, -e), cuckoo. 
 
 bte tul^ (-, -^c), cow. 
 
 fii^t, cool. 
 
 fitttftig, future, coming. 
 
 bie ^unft (-, *e), art, skill. 
 
 ber ^urfiirft (-en, -en), electoral 
 prince. 
 
 Imio^, curious, singular. 
 
 ber ^urfujg (-, -fe), course (of in- 
 struction). 
 
 furs, short. 
 
 bie ^ijftc (-, -n), coast, shore. 
 
 bie ^utfd^c (-, -n), carriage, coach. 
 
 ber ^utft^cr (-g, -), coachman, 
 driver. 
 
 s 
 
 ldii)tin, to smile. 
 
 ladicn, to laugh. 
 
 ber Sabcn (-g, ■^), shop, store. 
 
 bie Sage (-, -n), situation, position, 
 condition. 
 
 la^m, lame, crippled. 
 
 bag Sanb (-eg, -e or -^er), land, soil; 
 country; state; p — , by land. 
 
 bie SanbCi^marf (-, -en), border, 
 boundary of a country. 
 
 bte Sanbci^tjcrtrctung (-, -en), na- 
 tional body of representatives, 
 diet, parliament, congress. 
 
 ber Sanbmonn (-eg, -leute), farmer, 
 peasant. 
 
 ber Sanbigmann (-eg, ^er), country- 
 man, compatriot. 
 
 bie Sanbftra^c (-, -en), highroad, 
 highway, main country road. 
 
 lang, long; langc, a long time. 
 
 bie fiangc (-, -n), length. 
 
 longfam, slow, slowly. 
 
 laffen (er lafet; liefe, gelaffen), to let, 
 leave (alone); to let go; to cause 
 or have (done). 
 
2l8 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 bic Saft (-, -en), load, burden. 
 
 bog Satcin (-6), Latin (language). 
 
 lateinifii^, Latin. 
 
 laufctt (cr lauft; lief, ift gelaufcn), to 
 run. 
 
 ha^ fittttfCtt (-8), running. 
 
 laut, loud, noisy, aloud. 
 
 tauten, to sound, read, 
 
 (c6cn, to live. 
 
 ha^ 2c6cn (-«, -), life. 
 
 bcr Scfictiiggcttufe (-ffc3, -^ffc), enjoy- 
 ment of life. 
 
 Uhttooftil farewell, good-byl 
 
 Icdcn, to lick. 
 
 Icgcn, to lay, put, place; fic^ — , to 
 lie down. 
 
 bic Segenbe (-, -n), legend. 
 
 bic Sc^ranftalt (-, -en), educational 
 institution, school. 
 
 bic Scl^rc (-, -n), teaching, theory, 
 precept. 
 
 lel^ren, to teach. 
 
 bcr Scffrcr {-^, -), teacher. 
 
 bic Sc^rcrin (-, -ncn), (female) 
 teacher. 
 
 bic Sc^rcrgaiOl (-), number of 
 teachers. 
 
 ha^ 2c^rfa(^ (-e6, -^er), subject (or 
 branch) of teaching. 
 
 bcr Sd^rling (-g, -t), apprentice. 
 
 Icidlt, light, easy. 
 
 Ictb, adj. (used with fcitt, tun, h)cr* 
 ben), painful, disagreeable; eS ift 
 mtr — , I am sorry; c8 tut mir — 
 um ©ic, I pity you, I am sorry 
 for you; bic ^ijjferbc taten il^m — , 
 he was sorry for the horses. 
 
 Ictbcn (litt, Qclittcn) an, to suffer 
 from; to endure, tolerate, per- 
 mit. 
 
 Icibcr, unfortunately. 
 
 Icifc, low, soft, gentle. 
 
 bic Scftton (-, -en), lesson. 
 
 bic 2cr(^c (-, -n), lark. 
 
 Icrncn, to learn; au§ft)enbig — , to 
 learn by heart. 
 
 U^hav, legible. 
 
 Icfcn (cr Itcft; lag, Qclcfcn), to gather, 
 pick out or up; to read. 
 
 ha^ Scfcftitd (-c8, -e), selection for 
 reading, piece. 
 
 lc<|t, last, latest, latter. 
 
 bic Scute (pL), people, men. 
 
 bcr Scutnant (-g, -8), lieutenant. 
 
 ba^ Sid^t (-eg, -cr or -e), light. 
 
 (ie&, dear, beloved, valued, at- 
 tractive, charming; — f)aben, to 
 love, like, be fond of. 
 
 bic Ste6e (-), love. 
 
 Iteben, to love, Hke. 
 
 Iteblii^, charming (ly). 
 
 bcr Siebting (-8, -c), favorite, pet, 
 darling. 
 
 haQ 2teb (-eg, -cr), song. 
 
 licgen (fag, gclcgcn), to lie; to be 
 situated. 
 
 bic Stnte (-, -n), line; in crftcr — , in 
 the first place. 
 
 lint (-C or -cr, -c, -eg), left; linfg, 
 to the left, on the left. 
 
 bic Si^^c (-, -n), lip. 
 
 (oben, to praise. 
 
 (orfig, curly. 
 
 bcr Siiffcl (-g, -), spoon. 
 
 (o^nen, to reward; eg Iof)nt ftd^ (bcr 
 9}Jli{)c), it is worth while. 
 
 bag Sorbeerblatt (-eg, -^cr), laurel- 
 leaf. 
 
 (o^, loose, free, released, flowing. 
 
 lofe, loose; dissolute. 
 
 lijfen, to loosen, untie; solve. 
 
 IO)gge^en (ging log, ift loggegangen), 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 219 
 
 to come or go off; to begin; auf 
 eincn — , to fly at, attack. 
 
 bie 2uft (-, -^e), air, atmosphere, 
 breeze. 
 
 bic 2uft (- -^c), pleasure, joy, de- 
 light, desire. 
 
 m 
 
 madden, to make, do; to cause, 
 effect; to amount to. 
 
 bic SWo(^t (-, ^t), might, strength, 
 power; powerful state. 
 
 mdrfftlg, mighty, powerful, strong. 
 
 \ia% SWabd^cn (-«, -), girl, maiden, 
 maid. 
 
 bic aWogb (-, ^t), maid, kitchen- 
 maid, general servant. 
 
 tnal^Icn, to mill, grind. 
 
 ber SWat (- or -eg), May. 
 
 bic SWaib (-), {poetical), see SD^agb, 
 ajjftbc^en. 
 
 mot, times, time; once. 
 
 ntalcn, to paint. 
 
 bcr SKalcr (-g, -), painter. 
 
 tnatl (indec), people, one, they. 
 
 mantii ( — er, — c, — eg), many (a), 
 many a one, much. 
 
 ntand^mal, sometimes, often. 
 
 ber Wlann (-eg, -^er), man, husband. 
 
 ber Mttntelfatf (-eg, -^e), portman- 
 teau, saddlebag. 
 
 bag Wlavd)cn (-g, -), (fairy) tale, 
 legend. 
 
 ble ai'lttrinc (-, -n), navy. 
 
 bic SKarJ (-, -en), boundary, bor- 
 der country; mark, coin = about 
 24 cents. 
 
 bic SJlotfc (-, -n), stamp (letter). 
 
 ber 'Silavtt (-eg,-^e), market, market- 
 place. 
 
 tnorfd^tcrcn (aux. fein), to march. 
 
 bcr SWars (-en or -eg), March, 
 bag a^ltttcrial (-g, -icn), material, 
 
 stock, 
 bie Wlatffematit (-), mathematics, 
 bag Wlaul (-eg, ^er), mouth {of 
 
 beasts). 
 bic Wan^ (-, -^e), mouse, 
 bag Wltcv (-eg, -c), sea. 
 tnccrfrcmb, strange or unused to 
 
 the sea. 
 bag Wltfji (-g), meal, flour, powder. 
 mcl^r {generally indec; but pi., 
 
 — ere), more, several; further; 
 
 — alg, more than, 
 bic Wlci)Xiaf)i {-, -en), majority; 
 
 plural (number). 
 tncitt (— , — e, — ), my, mine; — er, 
 
 — e, — eg, mine; ber, bie, bag 
 
 — (ig)e, mine. 
 tnctncn, to be of the opinion, think, 
 
 suppose, mean, 
 bie aWeittung (-, -en), notion, 
 
 opinion, intention, thought, will. 
 tnctft {superl. of mel^r), most. 
 tnciftcn!§, for the most part, mostly, 
 
 generally, 
 bic 9Kctobie (-, -en), melody, tune, 
 
 air. 
 bic SWclonc (-, -n), melon, 
 bie SWcnge (-, -n), great quantity 
 
 or number; multitude, crowd, 
 
 mass, 
 bcr Mtn^6) (-en, -en), human being, 
 
 person, 
 bic 9Jlcnfc^f(ett (-), humanity, man- 
 kind. 
 mcrJcn, to mark, observe, perceive, 
 
 note, 
 bag ajieffcr (-g, -), knife, 
 (ber) 9Kirf|acU^ (ber — tag), Michael- 
 mas (day) (Sept. 29th). 
 
220 
 
 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 bic Wlkne (-, -n), mien, bearing, 
 expression. 
 
 bic aKitd^ (-), milk. 
 
 bag aWUr^gla^ (-eg, -^er), milk glass. 
 
 inttb, mild, tender, gentle, kind, 
 generous. 
 
 ber aWilitarbicnft (-eg, -e), military 
 service. 
 
 bie WliUiathe (-, -en), milliard (bil- 
 lion). 
 
 bie Sltillion (-, -en), million. 
 
 bie SOltnc (-, -n), mine. 
 
 bie SDlittutc (-, -n), minute. 
 
 tniftgiinftig, envious, jealous. 
 
 ber aWifftonar (-g, -e), missionary. 
 
 tnit, adv. and sep. prefix, along, 
 along with, together; {in com- 
 pounds), CO-, iellow-; prep, (dat.), 
 with, along with, together, at, 
 to. 
 
 tnit£irtngen (brad^te mit, mitgebra(|t), 
 to bring with or along. 
 
 tnitcinattber, with one another 
 (each other). 
 
 bag SRitglteb (-g, -er), member. 
 
 millttufen (er lauft mit; lief mit, ift 
 mitgelaufen), to run with, along 
 or along with. 
 
 ber 9Kittag (-g, -e), noon(day). 
 
 bag 2>ltttageffcn (-g, -), noonday 
 meal, dinner. 
 
 bog miUdaiicv (-g). Middle Ages. 
 
 tnittcn, midway, (in) the middle of. 
 
 bie 9Wittcrnarf|t (-, -^e), midnight. 
 
 ber Wlxtttoodi (-g, -e), Wednesday. 
 
 mithJirfen, to cooperate, assist, 
 collaborate, take part, contrib- 
 ute towards. 
 
 tnogen (er mag; mod^te, gemod^t), to 
 like, desire, be willing; to be per- 
 mitted; to be possible; may. 
 
 tttiigttd^, possible. 
 
 tnijglic^ft (superl. of mogltd^), as 
 ... as possible. 
 
 ber fEUonat (-g, -e), month. 
 
 ber SRontog (-eg, -e), Monday. 
 
 morolifd^, moral. 
 
 tnorgcn, morning, to-morrow; — 
 fritf), to-morrow morning. 
 
 ber SWorgcn (-g, -), morning, dawn; 
 am folgenben — , on the next day. 
 
 tttorgcnft^iin, as beautiful as the 
 morning. 
 
 tttiibc, tired. 
 
 bie Wlixfie (-, -n), trouble, pains, 
 effort, labor; nid^t ber — toert, 
 not worth while. 
 
 ber aWiiffcr (-g, -), miller. 
 
 bte aJiuItipUfation (-, -en), multipli- 
 cation, 
 
 ber Wlunt} (-eg, -e and -^er), mouth. 
 
 miittblid^, orally. 
 
 murrcn, to murmur, grumble, com- 
 plain. 
 
 tniiffcn (er mufe; mufete, gcmufet), 
 must, to be obliged to, have to. 
 
 ber SOlut (-eg), mood, disposition, 
 spirit, courage. 
 
 tnuttg, courageous, spirited. 
 
 bie aWuttcr (-, ^), mother. 
 
 m 
 
 nad^ (dat.), after, later; towards, 
 to; — unb — , little by little, by 
 degrees; — ■^aufe, home. 
 
 nad^bcm, adv., afterwards; conj., 
 after, according as. 
 
 ber SfJod^fotgcr (-g, -), successor. 
 
 nad^gtcbig, flexible, yielding. 
 
 nad^ticr, afterward. 
 
 ber 91adf|mittag (-eg, -e), afternoon. 
 
 bie 9^adf)rid^t (-, -en), news. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 221 
 
 bcr ^a^^^nh (-c«, -^e), new batch, 
 reenforcements. 
 
 nad^ft (superl. of nai)), next, nearest, 
 closest. 
 
 bic ^adfi (-, ^t), night; liber — , 
 over night, during the night. 
 
 bte S^labcl (-, -It), needle. 
 
 ber SfJagcl (-g, ■^), nail. 
 
 na^ (nal)er, nac^ft), near, close (by); 
 — (c) an, near to. 
 
 bic ^afft (-, -n), nearness, neigh- 
 borhood. 
 
 ber Mamt (n) (^ (n) g, -n) , name, title. 
 
 namtn§, named, of the name. 
 
 namlirfl, namely, to wit, that is to 
 say. 
 
 ber 9^arr (-en, -en), fool, idiot. 
 
 bie Sflafe (-, -n), nose. 
 
 na^, wet. 
 
 bag S^ationotbcnfmat (-(e)§, ^cr), 
 national monument. 
 
 ber 91 attonalfcicr tag (-eg, -e), na- 
 tional holiday. 
 
 ha€ 9lattonaflicb (-eS, -er), national 
 song. 
 
 bie Mation (-, -en), nation. 
 
 bie ^atnx (-, -en), nature. 
 
 natiirliifi, natural (ly), of course. 
 
 bie StaturrtJtffenfrfiaft (-, -en), nat- 
 ural science. 
 
 neben {dat. or ace), near, next to, 
 beside. 
 
 ncben^er, along, beside. 
 
 nc^mcn (er nimmt; nalnt, genom* 
 men), to take, seize. 
 
 ncibifd^, envious, jealous (auf, of). 
 
 nein, no. 
 
 nennen (nannte, genannt), to name, 
 
 call. 
 neu, new; neuere ©prad^en, modern 
 languages. 
 
 ncugtcrig, curious (ly). 
 
 bag ^Imiativ (-eg, -e). New Year. 
 
 neun, nine; neunte, ninth. 
 
 ttic^t, not. 
 
 mdit§, nothing; mtr — Mr — , quite 
 coolly, without ado. 
 
 nic, never. 
 
 ber Sfltcbcrbeutfc^c (-n, -n), Low 
 German. 
 
 ntcbcr, nether, low, down. 
 
 fic^ niebcrtoffen (cr Ictfet fid^ nteber; 
 Uefe fic^ nteber, fid^ ntebergelaffen), 
 to sit down, settle. 
 
 nicbcrfc^ouctt, to look down. 
 
 nicberfc^ie^en (fc^o^ nteber, nieberge* 
 fd^offen), to shoot down. 
 
 niebrig, low, vile, mean, lowly. 
 
 nictnanb, no one, nobody. 
 
 nimmcr, never (again). 
 
 nod^, beside, further ; still, yet, asyet; 
 another; — einmal, once more. 
 
 ber SflominatitJ (-g, -t), nominative 
 (case). 
 
 ber Slorbcn (-g), the North. 
 
 ttorbnjart^, northward. 
 
 ber 9'lotJcmbcr (-(g)), November. 
 
 bie S^Jot (-, -^e), need, want, neces- 
 sity, trouble, difficulty. 
 
 nolhjcnbigernjeifc, necessarily, of 
 necessity. 
 
 bie MuU (-, -en), naught, zero. 
 
 bie 9lummer (-, -n), number, cipher. 
 
 nun, now, well. 
 
 nur, only, merely, scarcely, a little 
 while ago, but just, just. 
 
 p nuijc; — madden, to turn to ad- 
 vantage, avail one's self of. 
 
 ber 9lu^en (-g), use, profit, ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 nit^ltdl, useful, advantageous. 
 
 nu^tO!§, useless, unprofitable. 
 
222 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 ohf if, whether. 
 
 ohttt, above, aloft, on high, at the 
 top. 
 
 oi)etf)aii>, above. 
 
 bie OUtllppt {-, -n), upper lip. 
 
 bie Ohetpvima, upper first (grade); 
 highest class in a German higher 
 school, ninth year. 
 
 bie 06crrca(f(i^u(c (-, -n), a German 
 higher 'school in which the an- 
 cient languages are displaced by 
 the modern, and where the arts, 
 sciences, and technical subjects 
 are emphasized. 
 
 bie Dficrfcfunba, upper second 
 (grade); seventh year in a Ger- 
 man higher school. 
 
 ofierft (superl. ofohtx), top, highest. 
 
 ber Oiierji (-en, -tn), chief, colonel. 
 
 bie Ohcvtcttia, upper third (grade); 
 fifth year in a German higher 
 school. 
 
 bie Ofirigfeit (-, -tn), magistrate, 
 authorities. 
 
 bo« Dbft (-C6), fruit. 
 
 obtoo^I, though, although. 
 
 obcr, or, or else, otherwise. 
 
 bcr Of en (-8, ^), oven, stove. 
 
 offen, open, frank, public. 
 
 ijffentlid^, public. 
 
 bcr Offisier (-«, -c), officer. 
 
 offnen, to open. 
 
 oft, often. 
 
 flfterig {compar. of oft), quite often. 
 
 Oi^ne {ace), without, but for, ex- 
 cept; — ho.^, but that, save 
 that; — bofe er bemerfte, without 
 his seeing, so that he did not see. 
 
 h(i?> O^r (-(e) 6, -en), ear. 
 
 ber Oftpfier (-(«)), October. 
 
 ber Dnfcl (-8, -), uncle. 
 
 tid^ O^er (-8, -), offering, sacrifice, 
 victim. 
 
 O^ferfreubig, willing to make sacri- 
 fices, self-sacrificing. 
 
 O^fern, to sacrifice. 
 
 orbentlid^, orderly, regular, proper, 
 usual. 
 
 ber Often (-«), East. 
 
 bie Oftern {pL), Easter. 
 
 Cl)fterrei(^ (-8; neut.), Austria. 
 
 dftfid^, eastern, easterly. 
 
 bie Oftmarl (-, -en), eastern border 
 country. 
 
 bie Oftfce (-), Baltic Sea. 
 
 baa '^(LdX (-e8, -e), pair, couple. 
 
 ft(^ ^acfen, to be gone; ftc^ feincr 
 SBege — , to go his way, clear out 
 on his way. 
 
 bog t^a^ner (-8, -e), paper. 
 
 ber ^tLpxtttmh (-e8, ■^), paper-bas- 
 ket. 
 
 ber ^axl (-e«, -e), park. 
 
 \>a^ ^erUment (-f8, -e), parliament. 
 
 :>>ftrUmettt«rtf(^, parliamentary. 
 
 bie 5)Settf<^e (-, -n), whip. 
 
 bie ^crfoH (-, -en), person, r6le. 
 
 ber ^fttrrer (-8, -), clergyman, par- 
 son, minister. 
 
 Hifetfen (pfiff, gcpfiffcn), to whistle. 
 
 bcr ^Pfennig (-8, -e), the smallest 
 German coin, iI-q mark; about 
 \ cent. 
 
 bog ^ferb (-eg, -e), horse. 
 
 bie ^fingftcn {pL), Whitsuntide, 
 Pentecost, 
 
 bie ^flanse (-, -n), plant. 
 
 ))f(an3en, to plant. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 223 
 
 Mc ^5flautnc (-, -n), plum. 
 
 bie ^ficqe (-, -n), care (of, for), 
 tending, fostering, cultivating. 
 
 bie 5)StftoIc (-, -n), pistol. 
 
 btc ^tagc (r, -n), plague. 
 
 bie ^(antage (-, -n), plantation. 
 
 bie ^lantagcnbcfi^ung (-, -en), plan- 
 tation possession, dependency, 
 dominion. 
 
 ber ^k^ (-e8, -^e), place. 
 
 ber tlSta^rcgcn (-3,-), sudden down- 
 pour of rain, 
 
 plo^iidl, sudden (ly). 
 
 ber plural (-«, -e), plural (num- 
 ber). 
 
 ^JoUtifr^, political. 
 
 ber ^ratt (-6), bounce, rebound. 
 
 ha^ ^xaitnS, present tense. 
 
 ^un^tn (-«; neut.), Prussia. 
 
 pxtn^xidi, Prussian. 
 
 ber ^ri«s (-en, -en), prince. 
 
 bie ^rtugcffm (-, -nen), princess. 
 
 bie ^ribatfc^ulc (-, -n), private 
 school. 
 
 ber ^rofeffor (-«, -en), professor. 
 
 bie ^rofa (-), prose. 
 
 <>rofitl your health! may it do you 
 much good! 
 
 ha^ ^utt (-eg, -e), desk. 
 
 ber ^nnft (-eS, -e), point, dot, 
 period; sharp (of time). 
 
 btc Ouabratmcile (-, -n), square 
 
 mile, 
 bie Oltarta, fourth grade; the third 
 
 year in a German higher school, 
 bie Oueffc (-, -n), spring, source, 
 bie duinta, fifth grade; the second 
 
 year in a German higher school. 
 
 [i{^ ta(i}tn, to take revenge. 
 
 rttf(^, quick(ly). 
 
 ber JRafen^ta^ (-e3, -^e), lawn. 
 
 bie 9?aft (-), rest. 
 
 ber Mat^^ttv (-n, -en), alderman, 
 councilman. 
 
 bie mattt (-, -n), rat. 
 
 ber Of{eaIgt)mnaftaft (-en, -en), pupil 
 of a 9^ealgt)mna[tunx. 
 
 ba^ 9fJeol0t)mnafium (-6, -ten), see 
 also &timna\mm; German higher 
 school in which Greek is re- 
 placed by the modern languages 
 while Latin is given with fewer 
 lessons than in the ®l)mnafium. 
 
 bic 9fiee^cttauf0a0c (-, -en), task or 
 lesson in arithmetic. 
 
 red^nen, to count, calculate, reckon, 
 count upon. 
 
 ha€ Ofied^ncn (-g), arithmetic, count- 
 ing. 
 
 rcd^t, right, quite, real; properly; 
 — I^abcn, to be right; eg alien Sen* 
 ten — madden, to please or suit 
 everyone. 
 
 ha^ dit^t (-eg, -e), right, claim, 
 title, law, justice. 
 
 ttti)i^, to the right, on the right. 
 
 bie OfJcbc (-, -n), speech. 
 
 rcben, to speak, talk. 
 
 bag 9iebcn (-g), talking, speaking. 
 
 rcgc, astir, lively, active. 
 
 ber Ofiegen (-g, -), rain. 
 
 ber 9f{cgctttro))fen (-g, -), rain- 
 drop. 
 
 rcgtcrctt, to reign, rule. 
 
 rcgnen, to rain. 
 
 rcic^, rich. 
 
 bag Oleirfj (-eg, -e), empire, king- 
 dom, realm. 
 
224 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 bic 9Jcl(^^angcIcgcnl^clt (-, -en), af- hit 3Jofc (-, -n; dim. ba^ dlo^km), 
 
 fairs of the empire. rose, 
 
 bcr ditxdf^tan$ht {-^, -), Imperial baS 9ioff (-ffe«,-f[c), horse, charger. 
 
 Chancellor. ' tot, red. 
 
 bic dttxd)§vtqkvttnQ (-, -en), govern- ber ytMQanq (-e8, -^e), going back, 
 
 ment of the empire. return, retreat, retrogression, 
 
 ber JRcic^^tag (-c8, -e), (imperial) ber 9iuf (-eg, -e), call, cry; vocation, 
 
 diet, Parliament. calling; reputation. 
 
 retf, ripe, mature. rufctt (rtcf, Qcrufen), to call, ex- 
 
 bie 9ici^e (-, -n), row, rank, line, claim. 
 
 order. bie 9fJul^e (-, -n), rest, peace, quiet, 
 
 reifen (aux. fctn and l^abcn), to travel, sleep. 
 
 journey. rul^en, to rest, sleep, 
 
 bcr Sicirige (-n, -n), horseman, ru^ig, quiet(ly), tranquil, still, 
 
 trooper. peaceful. 
 
 reifen (rife, geriffen), to tear; an fid^ ru^mboll, famous, glorious. 
 
 — , to usurp. ruttb, round. 
 retten (ritt, ift geritten), to ride (on 
 
 horseback), 
 
 bic JHeltgtou (-, -en), religion. bic @a(^e (-, -n), thing, affair, 
 
 renncn (rannte, ift gerannt), to run, cause, case. 
 
 race, Sad^fen (-«; neut.), Saxony, 
 
 ber 9fiettcr (-8, -), savior, rescuer. ber ®arf (-e^, -^e), sack, bag. 
 
 ber IR^cin^falser (-«, -), inhabit- bie <Sagc (-, -n), saying, tale, 
 
 ant of the Palatinate of the legend, tradition. 
 
 Rhine. fagen, to say, tell, speak, pro- 
 
 rtd^ten, to adjust, arrange, put in nounce. 
 
 order; to regulate; to turn; to bic Samntluttg (-, -en), collection. 
 
 address; to judge; to try; to bcr (SottD^tog (-eg, -e), Saturday. 
 
 execute. ber (Sang (-eg, -^e), song, singing, 
 
 ber fRtd^tcr (-g, -), judge. ber ©a^ (-eg, -^e), sentence, phrase. 
 
 rid^tig, right, correct, in order. fauer, sour, cross, 
 
 bag 9{id(|tl^aUj^ (-feg, •^fer), court- ber ©d^abe(n) (-ng, •*), damage, in- 
 
 house. jury, wrongs. 
 
 rtec^en (rod^, gerod^en), to smell. bic ©d^atc (-, -n), shell, skin, peel, 
 
 ber Dfticmcn (-g, -), strap; thong. husk. 
 
 riefcn^aft, gigantic. bag (Sd^oltial^r C-Ce)g, -e), leap- 
 
 rinnen (rann, ift geronnen), to flow, year. 
 
 run. bie ©d^ar (-, -en), band, flock, mul- 
 
 ber 9fJoggcn (-g), rye. titude, crowd. 
 
 romanifd^, Romanic, Romance. fd^arf, sharp. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 225 
 
 bcr ©(fatten (-6, -), shadow. 
 fd^a^Ctt, to treasure, prize, value, 
 
 estimate. 
 f^aucn, to look at, gaze upon, be- 
 hold, see. 
 ba^ ©d^aufenftctr (-g, -), show- (dis- 
 play-) window. 
 ber ©d^aum (-e^, -^e), foam, lather. 
 f(^eibcn (f(^ieb, ift or l^at gcfc^ieben), 
 
 to depart; to separate. 
 fc^cinctt (fc^ien, gefc^ienen), to shine; 
 
 to seem, appear. 
 f^crgcn, to jest, joke. 
 fd^idfctt, to send. 
 ba& <Srf)iff (-eg, -e; dim. ha& ©d^iff= 
 
 d^en), ship, vessel. 
 bcr ©(^iffcr (-S, -), skipper, sailor, 
 
 boatman. 
 fd^tm^fcn, to insult; to abuse; — 
 
 auf, to vituperate, rail against, 
 bcr Sd^impfnamc (-nS, -it), abusive 
 
 name, nickname. 
 fd^rafen (er fc^Iiift; fd^Iief, gcf^Iafcn), 
 
 to sleep, 
 bag Srfilaf simmer (-S, -), bedroom, 
 fc^tagen (er fc^tcigt; fc^Iug, gcfd^Iagen), 
 
 to strike, beat; to rout or defeat. 
 id}U(i)t, bad, wicked; poor. 
 fc^Ucftcn (fc^Iofe, gefc^Ioffen), to shut, 
 
 close, lock, join, press (to the 
 
 heart), conclude. 
 fd^Itmm, bad. 
 frflttngctt (fc^Iang, gefd^Iitngcn), to 
 
 sling, wind, entwine; to swallow, 
 bcr ©(^liiffcl (-g, -), key. 
 f(^mal, narrow. 
 fc^mcden, to taste, relish, taste 
 
 good; eg fc^mecft mir, I like it. 
 frfinattcn, to buckle, snap. 
 frfina^^cn, to snap, snatch, 
 bie (S^naujc (-, -n), snout, muzzle. 
 
 fd^nctbcn (fd^nitt, gcfd^mtten), to cut. 
 ber <Bti}ncibev (-6, -), cutter, tailor. 
 fd^netcn, to snow. 
 fc^ttcH, rapid (ly), swift, quick, 
 bic ©c^ottc (-, -n), clod, sod; 
 
 ground. 
 fc^on, already. 
 
 fc^iJn, pretty, beautiful, lovely, 
 bie ® d^ij^jfung (-, -en), creation, for- 
 mation, 
 bcr <5(^ranf (-eg, ^c), wardrobe, 
 
 cupboard, case, closet, 
 bcr ©c^rcd (-g, -e), fright. 
 fd^rcdltd^, frightful, terrible, awful. 
 fd^rcifictt (fd^rieb, gefd^riebeti), to 
 
 write. 
 bcr Sd^rctficr (-g, -), writer, scribe, 
 
 secretary, clerk, author. 
 fd^rctcn (ferric, gefd^riccn), to cry 
 
 (out). 
 fc^rcitcn (fd^ritt, ift gef (Written), to 
 
 stride, proceed. 
 fd^rifttid^, written, in writing, 
 bcr ©d^ritt (-eg, -c), step, stride, 
 
 pace; [eitteg ©d^rittcg gc|cn, to go 
 
 his way. 
 ber ©c^u^ (-eg, -t), shoe, 
 bcr ©(^u^mad^cr (-g,-), shoemaker, 
 
 cobbler. 
 fd^ulblo^, guiltless, innocent, 
 bic ©^ulc (-, -n), school, 
 ber ©emitter (-g, -), pupil; bie ©d^il* 
 
 lerin (-, -ntn), (girl) pupil, 
 bic ©d^iilcrsal^t (-, -en), number of 
 
 pupils, 
 bag ©d^utl^ou!^ (-fcg, -^fer), school- 
 house, 
 ber ©d^ul^of (-eg, -^c), school yard, 
 bag ©d^uHtnb (-eg, -er), school 
 
 child, 
 bie ©(^ulftufic i-f -n), schoolroom. 
 
226 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 ba& ®(^ul$lmmcr (-«, -), school- 
 room. 
 
 ber ®d|urfc (-n, -n), scoundrel, 
 rogue, villain. 
 
 bit ©(^iiffcl (-, -n), dish. 
 
 ber ®c^u^ (-eS)/ defense, shelter, 
 protection, care. 
 
 .ba^ <S(^u^gc&ict (-eg, -e), protec- 
 torate; colony. 
 
 fdlhjad), weak. 
 
 ber ©(^ttJans (-e8, ^e), tail. 
 
 fd^hjarg, black. 
 
 ft^ttjorsgrau, black-gray, dark gray. 
 
 fci^tocigcn (fd^toieg, gefc^lDiegen), to 
 be silent, be quiet, cease (speak- 
 ing). 
 
 fd^hJcr, heavy, difficult, hard, seri- 
 ous. 
 
 baQ @(^hjcrt (-eg, -er), sword. 
 
 ba^ ©^ttjcrtgcflirr (-g), clanking of 
 swords. 
 
 bic (Sc^ Dcftcr (-, -n), sister. 
 
 ft^hjtrrcn, to whir, flit, fly. 
 
 f(^njiiren (fd^mur, gefd^moren), to 
 swear, take oath. 
 
 ber <Bti)\t>ttV (-g, -^e), oath, vow. 
 
 fc(^^, six; fec^fte, sixth. 
 
 ber ®ec (-g, -n), lake. 
 
 bie ®cc (-, -n), sea, ocean. 
 
 ber ©ccl^anbcl (-8), ocean com- 
 merce. 
 
 ber ©cgcn (-«, -), blessing. 
 
 fc^ctt (er fie^t; faf), gefef)en), to see, 
 look. 
 
 bie ©cl)nfud^t (-), longing. 
 
 fc^nfut^tig, longingly. 
 
 fcl^r, very, much, greatly. 
 
 fcin (er i[t; iDar^ ift gemefen), to be; 
 c8 ftnb, there are. 
 
 fcin, — e, — , his, its; — er, — c, 
 — eg; ber, bie, bag — (ig)e, his. 
 
 fcit, since, for. 
 
 bie Scitc (-, -n), side, page. 
 
 fcittoorti^, sideways, on one side. 
 
 bie ©cfuttbc (-, -n), second. 
 
 fellDbritt, each with the other two. 
 
 fctbft, self, myself, yourself, him- 
 self, itself, etc.; even. 
 
 felbftanbtg, independent, separate. 
 
 feltcn, seldom, rare. 
 
 feftfam, strange, curious. 
 
 bie Scmmel (-, -n), roll. 
 
 fcnbctt (fanbte, gefanbt), to send. 
 
 ber <Bepiemhtt (-g), September. 
 
 ber 6cffel (-g, -), seat, chair. 
 
 fc^cn, to set, seat, put, place. 
 
 fcufjcn, to sigh, groan. 
 
 bie ©cgta, sixth grade; lowest class 
 in a German higher school. 
 
 ftd^ {dat. and ace. of reflexive pro- 
 nouns), himself, herself, itself, 
 yourself (yourselves), them- 
 selves; each other; one another. 
 
 fld^cr, secure, safe, sure, certain. 
 
 fie^ern, to insure, make sure, guar- 
 antee. 
 
 ftcftcn, seven; fiebte (fiebente), sev- 
 enth. 
 
 ber (Stcgcrfronj (-eg, -^c), victor's 
 wreath, garland. 
 
 bag ©liber (-g), silver. 
 
 ftngcn (fang, gefutigen), to sing. 
 
 bag ©ingcn (-g), singing. 
 
 ber ©tngutor (-g, -e), singular 
 (number). 
 
 ftttfcn (fanf, ift gefunfen), to sink. 
 
 ber ©inn (-eg, -e), sense, mind, 
 thought, meaning; taste. 
 
 ftnncn (fann, gefoniten), to think, 
 meditate, reflect. 
 
 ftnnl0!§, unconscious, thoughtless, 
 foolish, unmeaning. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 227 
 
 fi^cn (fafe, fiefcffen), to sit. 
 
 fo, so, thus, such (a); — langc olS, 
 as long as. 
 
 fofort, immediately; at once. 
 
 fogar, even. 
 
 fogcnanut, so called. 
 
 foglcid^, see fofort. 
 
 ber ©ol^n (-eg, -^e), son. 
 
 foI(^ (— er, — t, —t^), such; — einer, 
 such a. 
 
 ber 'BiXt^di.i (-en, -en), soldier. 
 
 fottcn, to owe, be obliged or bound 
 in duty; to be or have to; {as 
 aMX.), shall, should, ought, must; 
 toaS foil "ti^^ fein? (/z7., what 
 shall that be), what do you 
 mean by that? 
 
 fomit, consequently, accordingly, 
 then. 
 
 ber ©ommcr (-6, -), summer. 
 
 bie ©ommerfcricn {pi), summer va- 
 cation, holidays. 
 
 bie Sommerl^i^ (-, -n), summer 
 heat. 
 
 ber ^iSXC<mvtm^Vi.tX {-{t)^, -e), sum- 
 mer month. 
 
 bie ©ommerseit (-, -en), summer- 
 time. 
 
 fonbcrn, but. 
 
 ber ©omtafiettb (-«, -e), Saturday. 
 
 bie ©otrne (-, -n), sun. 
 
 ber ©onncnft^eln (-«), sunshine 
 (light). 
 
 ber ©onncnftra^l (-8, -en), ray 
 (beam) of the sun. 
 
 ber <Bonniaq (-8, -e), Sunday. 
 
 fonft, else, otherwise, besides, 
 moreover, formerly. 
 
 bie 6orge (-, -n), sorrow, care, 
 anxiety, trouble. 
 
 fDrgcttfrct, free from care. 
 
 fotJtet, so or as much. 
 
 fohjol^l , , . aU aud), as well ... as. 
 
 S^janicn (-^^ neuL), Spain. 
 
 ber ©Ranter {-^, -), Spaniard. 
 
 f^janifd^, Spanish. 
 
 f^annen, to span, stretch, cock (a 
 gun). 
 
 ipdt, late. 
 
 fpajteren or — gefien, to go walking. 
 
 ber ©^ajicrritt (-eS, -e), ride on 
 horseback. 
 
 f^jcifen, to eat. 
 
 baS Bpitl {-€, -e), play, game. 
 
 ipitUn, to play. 
 
 ber Spidptaici (-e8, -^e), playground. 
 
 bag ©^ielltjarengcfc^aft (-S, -e), toy 
 shop. 
 
 iipi^, pointed, sharp. 
 
 bie <BptadiC {-, -n), speech, lan- 
 guage; frembc — , foreign lan- 
 guage. 
 
 fpret^en (er fprid^t; fprad^, gefprod^en), 
 to speak, talk, say. 
 
 baQ ©^ric^njort (-eg, -^er), saying, 
 proverb. 
 
 fprtngcn (fprang, ift gefprungen), to 
 spring, leap; to break. 
 
 ber <Bptudf (-eS, -"-e), saying, maxim. 
 
 f^jiiren, to trace, track, perceive. 
 
 ber <Btaai (-eg, -en), state, country; 
 bie 33ereinigten ©taaten. United 
 States. 
 
 ber ©taatiS^au^^alt (-eg, -e), finance, 
 administration of revenue, bud- 
 get. 
 
 ber ©tafi (-eg, -^c), staflF, stick. 
 
 bie ©tabt (-, -^e), town, city. 
 
 ber Btamm (-eg, -^e), stem, trunk; 
 family, race. 
 
 ftammcn, to be descended, sprung, 
 derived (from). 
 
228 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 bcr ©tanb (-t^, ^t), position; in ben 
 — fcljen, to enable. 
 
 bic Stangc (-, -n), pole, rod, bar, 
 stick. 
 
 ftarf, strong, stout, 
 
 itati (gen.), instead of. 
 
 ftcc^cn (er ftic^t; \ta<^, gcftod^cn), to 
 stick, pierce, sting. 
 
 ftcdcn, to stick, put, place. 
 
 ber StcdnabcHo^f (-eg, -^c), pin- 
 head. 
 
 bcr ®tcg (-t^, -c), footplank, 
 bridge, path. 
 
 \itfitn ([tanb, gcftanbcn), to stand, 
 be situated, be, stop. 
 
 MUn (cr ftiet)It; mi, gcfto|)Ien), to 
 steal. 
 
 ftcigcn (ftieg, ift gcfttcgcn), to mount, 
 ascend. 
 
 ftcU, steep. 
 
 bcr ©tcitt (-e8, -c), stone. 
 
 fteinig, stony, rocky. 
 
 bic ©tcHc (-, -n), place, position, 
 situation. 
 
 ftcttctt, to place, put, set. 
 
 bic ©tcCung (-, -en), placing, posi- 
 tion, posture. 
 
 ftcrbctt (er ftirbt; ftarb, ift gcftorben), 
 to die. 
 
 ftct;§, steadily, continually, always. 
 
 ftill ( — e), still, silent, quiet. 
 
 bic ©timmc (-, -n), voice. 
 
 ber ©tod (-e8, -^c), stick, cane. 
 
 ber ©tod (-eg), story (of a house). 
 
 bag ©todtocrf (-eg, -c), story, floor. 
 
 ftols, proud. 
 
 ber ©tola (-eg), pride. 
 
 bcr ©tranb (-eg, -c), strand, beach, 
 seacoast, 
 
 bic ©tra^c (-, -n), street. 
 
 ftrelben, to strive, struggle. 
 
 bic ©trcdc (-, -n), stretch, extent, 
 
 distance, extension. 
 ftrcld^ctt (ftrid), geftrtc^en), to stroke, 
 
 spread, strike, cancel, 
 bcr ©trcit (-eg, -c or — tgfeitcn), 
 
 strife, dispute, quarrel, conflict. 
 ftrcitcn (ftritt, geftritten), to fight, 
 
 quarrel, dispute. 
 bcr ©trom (-g, -^e), stream, river, 
 bic ©tro^jl^e (-, -n), stanza, 
 bcr <Bitumpf (-eg, -^c), stocking, 
 
 sock, 
 bic ©tutic (-, -n), room, 
 bog ©tiid (-eg, -c), piece, 
 ber ©tubcnt (-en, -en), student, 
 ftubteren, to study, 
 bag ©tubium (-g, bic ©tubicn), 
 
 study, 
 ber ©tu^t (-eg, -^c), chair, stool, 
 ftum^jf, stumpy, blunt, dull, 
 bic ©tunbc (-, -n), hour, period; 
 
 recitation, 
 bic ©ufitraftiott (-, -en), subtrac- 
 tion. 
 fu^cn, to seek, search (for), 
 ber ©jiben (-g). South. 
 fiiblid^, south, southern, 
 bic ©iibfcc (-), South Sea; ©iibfce* 
 
 gebtet, see ©cbict. 
 bic ©ummc (-, -n), sum. 
 bcr ©iinbcr (-g, -), sinner, culprit; 
 
 arnter — , condemned criminal, 
 bte <Buppe (-, -n), soup, broth; 
 
 ©u^pcnloffel, see Sdffel. 
 fiift, sweet. 
 
 X 
 
 bic Xafti (-, -n), table, board; 
 
 SBanbtafel, blackboard, 
 ber Xaq (-eg, -e), day. 
 tdQlidi, daily, every da,y. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 229 
 
 bcr Xaiet (-9, -), German coin, 3 
 marks. 
 
 ber Xanntnhanm (-e«, -^e), fir-tree. 
 
 bie Xante {-, -n), aunt. 
 
 bit ^oft^e (-, -n), pocket. 
 
 ha^ Xa^d)cntutti (-eg, ^cr), hand- 
 kerchief. 
 
 bie Xa^d^tnufit (-, -en), watch. 
 
 bie Xa^]c {-, -n), cup. 
 
 bie Xat (-, -en), deed, act, action. 
 
 tatig, active. 
 
 tec^nifd^, technical. 
 
 ber (bag) XtH (-g, -e), part, share; 
 sum grofeten STeile, for the most 
 part. 
 
 bie Xtxinaiimt (-), participation, 
 share, sympathy, interest, co- 
 operation. 
 
 ber XcUev (-6, -), plate. 
 
 teucr, dear, costly, beloved. 
 
 ber ^^ron (-g, -e(n) ), throne. 
 
 tief, deep, far. 
 
 ha^ Xkt (-«, -e), animal. 
 
 bie Xkt^ahci (-, -n), animal fable. 
 
 bie Xxttie (-, -n), ink. 
 
 ber Xi^^ (-eg, -e), table. 
 
 ber Xx^^Ut (-g, -), joiner, cabinet- 
 maker. 
 
 bag Sifd^tu^ (-eg, -^er), table-cloth. 
 
 ber 2;itel (-g, -), title. 
 
 bie Xottjttx {-, •^), daughter. 
 
 bie £od^terfrf(uIe (-, -n), school for 
 girls. 
 
 ber Xoh (-eg), death. 
 
 toff, mad, absurd. 
 
 ber ^or (-en, -en), fool. 
 
 ber ^rati (-eg, -c), trot. 
 
 Irage, lazy. 
 
 tragcn (er ' ; tmg, getragen), to 
 bear, ca to endure, suffer. 
 
 traurtg, sad, rowful. 
 
 ttaut, clear; beloved, intimate. 
 
 bie Xveppc (-, -n), stairs, staircase, 
 flight of stairs. 
 
 tretcn (er tritt; trat, 'i)at or ift getre* 
 ten), to tread, walk, step. 
 
 treu, faithful, true, sincere, loyaL 
 
 bie Xteue (-), fidelity, loyalty. 
 
 trinfcn (tranf, getrunten), to drink. 
 
 trorfen, to dry. 
 
 tropfctt, to drop. 
 
 ber Xvop^n (-g, -), drop. 
 
 ber Xto^t (-eg), comfort, solace. 
 
 tro^ (gen.), in spite of, despite, not- 
 withstanding, although. 
 
 tro^bcm, although, notwithstand- 
 ing. 
 
 ber Xvn^ (-eg), boldness, defiance; 
 ©c^u^ unb — , defense and of- 
 fense. 
 
 bag Xuiif (-<«, -^r), cloth. 
 
 hk XuQcnh (-, -en), virtue. 
 
 bie Xnipc (-, -n), tulip. 
 
 tun (er tut; tat, getan), to do, per- 
 form, make; eg tut mir leib, I am 
 sorry. 
 
 bie $£ur (-, -en), door. 
 
 turncn, to do gymnastics. 
 
 bag $£urnctt (-g), gymnastics. 
 
 U 
 
 libel, evil, bad. 
 
 iiiiCtt, exercise, practise, drill. 
 
 lifter (dat. or ace), over, above, 
 
 higher than, across, on account 
 
 of; about, by way of. 
 uhtvaU, all over, everywhere. 
 iiftcrfiringcn (iiberbrad^te, iiberbrad^t), 
 
 to bring to or over, deliver. 
 «6ergc6cn (er iibergibt; iibergab, iibers 
 
 geben), to give over, surrender. 
 iificrmorgen, day after to-morrow. 
 
230 
 
 BEGINNERS GERMAN 
 
 uftcrrcid^cn, to hand or reach over, 
 present. 
 
 iibcrfccifd^, transoceanic, across 
 the ocean. 
 
 «'6crfc^cn {aiix. fein and fiabcn), to 
 leap over, cross over (a river, 
 etc.). 
 
 uficrfc'^cn, to translate. 
 
 iificrubcrmorgcn, the day after the 
 day after to-morrow; three days 
 hence. 
 
 ubertodltigen, to overcome, over- 
 power, subdue. 
 
 «6crft)inbcn (iibertoanb, ubcrtounbcn), 
 to overcome, conquer, sur- 
 mount. 
 
 itlbng; left over, remaining, super- 
 fluous. 
 
 bic U^r (-, -en), timepiece, clock, 
 watch; time of day. 
 
 bcr U^rmad^cr (-8, -), clock (watch) 
 maker. 
 
 bie U^rma(ftcrci (-, -en), clock 
 (watch) shop. 
 
 WVX {ace), around, about, near, 
 concerning, over, past; for, in 
 order to. 
 
 umbrtngen (brad^tc um, umgebrad^t), 
 to bring to death; cinen um cttoag 
 — , to cause one to lose some- 
 thing, take away something 
 from one. 
 
 umgel^en (ging um, ift umgegangen), 
 to associate with. 
 
 um^erliegen (lag umber, umJ^crgele* 
 gen), to lie around, about. 
 
 umf el^ren {aux. fein and tiaben), to 
 turn around or about. 
 
 ber Umfc^Iag (-«, -^e), turning up 
 or over; sudden change, turn; 
 cover; envelope. 
 
 umf^onncn, to stretch around, en- 
 circle. 
 
 unab^dngig, independent. 
 
 ttnabtdffig, incessant(ly). 
 
 unaufmerffam, inattentive. 
 
 unbefannt, unknown, ignorant, un- 
 acquainted. 
 
 unb, and. 
 
 unbeutlid^, indistinct, obscure, con- 
 fused. 
 
 uneben, uneven, rough; unsuit- 
 able. 
 
 bie Unetnigfcit (-, -en), discord, dis- 
 sension. 
 
 uncin!^, disunited, at variance. 
 
 unenbltd^, endless. 
 
 Ungarn (-8; neiit.), Hungary. 
 
 ungcfdl^r, approximate, about, al- 
 most, near. 
 
 ungenau, inexact, inaccurate. 
 
 ungetabe, not straight, not even; 
 odd. 
 
 ungliirffelig, unhappy, unfortunate. 
 
 bie Union (-, -en), the Union, 
 United States. 
 
 bie Untbcrfitdt (-, -en), university; 
 auf ber — , at the university. 
 
 \xixm\iitihat, immediate, direct. 
 
 unred^t, not right, wrong. 
 
 bie Unfd^ulb (-), innocence, purity. 
 
 unf^ulbig, innocent, guiltless. 
 
 unfer {gen.ofXoxx),Qi us; — ,— (e)re, 
 — , (ber, bie, \ia^) — e or — ige, 
 our, ours. 
 
 untdtig, inactive. 
 
 unten, below, beneath, underneath, 
 downstairs. 
 
 «ntcr {dat. or ace), under(neath), 
 below, among. 
 
 bie Unterl^aftuttg (-, -en), conversa- 
 tion, entertainment. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 231 
 
 hit UnkxVxppe {-, -n), under or 
 lower lip. 
 
 untcrnc^mcn (er untemimmt; unter= 
 tta{)m, unternommen), to under- 
 take, attempt. 
 
 bo8 Untcrpfanb (-e^, ^er), pledge, 
 security. 
 
 bie Untcr^rima, lower first (grade) ; 
 the next highest year in a Ger- 
 man higher school. 
 
 untcrrtd^'tcn, to teach, instruct. 
 
 ber Unterfdiicb (-g, -e), distinction, 
 difference. 
 
 bie Untcrfefunba, lower second 
 (grade) ; the sixth year in a Ger- 
 man higher school. 
 
 Utt'terftc^cn (ftanb unter, untcrgeftan* 
 ben), to stand under. 
 
 ttnterftc'^cn, to be under (one's 
 command). 
 
 untcrftcHen, to put, place under, 
 put under cover or shelter. 
 
 untcrftii'^cn, to support, prop, sus- 
 tain; to second (a motion). 
 
 bie Unterftii^ung (-, -en), propping, 
 support, assistance. 
 
 bie Untcrtcrtto, the lower third 
 (grade); the fourth year of a 
 German higher school. 
 
 ber Unberftonb (-e«), lack of under- 
 standing or judgment; folly. 
 
 ttnhJO^l, unwell, indisposed. 
 
 ufttJ. (unb fo toeiter), and so forth. 
 
 ber JBotcr (-8, ^), father. 
 
 baS aSoterlonb (-6, ^er), fatherland, 
 
 native country; Germany, 
 bie JBcranlaffung (-, -en), cause, 
 
 occasion, motive. 
 
 berarfieitcn, to work up, manufac- 
 ture, digest. 
 
 tJCrftcff cm, to render better, correct, 
 improve. 
 
 tjcrbtnbcn (derbanb, tierbunbcn), to 
 bind, unite, join. 
 
 bertitetben (oerblieb, ift Derblieben), 
 to remain, persist. 
 
 bie JBcrbrcitung (-, -en), propaga- 
 tion, circulation, spreading. 
 
 tjcrbicncn, to earn, gain, merit, de- 
 serve. 
 
 ha^ (ber) JBerbicnft (-e8, -e), gain, 
 profit, merit; — urn, service to. 
 
 bcrbrangen, to crowd out, displace, 
 supplant. 
 
 tjerbrieftltd^, vexed, cross. 
 
 bcrcintgt, united; 35ereintgte ©taa» 
 ten. United States. 
 
 ber JBcrfatt (-8), decay, decline, de- 
 terioration. 
 
 tJcrfaffungj^gemoft, according to the 
 laws, constitutional. 
 
 bie SScrgangcnl^eit (-, -en), past. 
 
 bcrgcbUrfi, in vain. 
 
 bergeffen (er berglfet; dergafe, bergef* 
 fen), to forget. 
 
 bcrgleid^cn (derglid^, berglid^en), to 
 make equal or even, adjust; 
 to compare. 
 
 bog ^txffdittti^ (-ffeS, -ffe), relation, 
 condition, circumstances. 
 
 ttvfiti^nnq§t)Oti, promising. 
 
 berfoufen, to sell. 
 
 ber fBttUfiV (-8), traffic, inter- 
 course, communication, com- 
 merce. 
 
 bie SSerfe^r^bcsicfiung (-, -en), com- 
 mercial relations. 
 
 ber SSerfe^r^faben (-g, -^), thread of 
 communication or commerce. 
 
232 
 
 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 bos JBcrfc^rebcrlfialtni^ (-ffc8, -ffe), 
 see S3erfe{)r8bejief)un0, commer- 
 cial condition. 
 
 berflagen, to accuse, bring action 
 against, sue. 
 
 bcrlaffcn (cr berlciBt; bcrltcfe, Derlaf* 
 fen), to leave (behind), forsake, 
 abandon. 
 
 tjcrttcrcn (derlor, berloren), to lose. 
 
 ber JBcrluft (-eg, -e), loss, damage, 
 injury, waste. 
 
 k»crmctnt, supposed, imaginary. 
 
 tjermtffcn, to miss. 
 
 bcrncl^mctt (cr bernimmt; bemaf)m, 
 bernommcn), to hear, perceive, 
 
 tJcrfaumcn, to neglect, miss. 
 
 ticrfd^tcbcn, different. 
 
 tjcrfc^lingcn (berfc^Iang, Dcrfc^Iungcn), 
 to twine, gulp down, swallow. 
 
 bcrfd^roinbctt (berfd^ioattb, tft ber* 
 fc^tDunbcn), to disappear, vanish. 
 
 bcrf^arcn, to spare, save. 
 
 bie IBcrft^rcd^ung (-, -en), promise. 
 
 tJcrftcrfcn, to hide, conceal. 
 
 t)crftc^cn (Dcrftanb, tocrftanben), to 
 understand. 
 
 bcrfut^cn, to attempt, try. 
 
 tjcrtcilcn, to divide, distribute, ar- 
 range, apportion. 
 
 bcrtilgcn, to destroy, exterminate. 
 
 tocrtrctcn (er bertrttt; bcrtrat, bertre* 
 ten), to stand in place of another, 
 represent. 
 
 bcr aScrtretcr (-«, -), representa- 
 tive. 
 
 ber JBcrtoanbtc (-n, -n; cin — r), 
 related one, relative. 
 
 ber JBerhJcgene (-n, -n; cin — ^r), pre- 
 sumptuous, insolent, saucy fel- 
 low. 
 
 kier)t)unbert, surprised, astonished. 
 
 bcraeirictt (berjicf), ber^tcl^en), to par- 
 don. 
 
 bie JBcrsct^ung {-), pardon. 
 
 cin ©cto einlegcn, to veto (a bill). 
 
 bid (met)r, meift), much, many. 
 
 t)teI0ead^tet; much respected, highly 
 regarded, much heeded. 
 
 totelfad^, manifold, often. 
 
 t»tclmttt(^), often, many times, fre- 
 quently. 
 
 t)icr, four; biertc, fourth. 
 
 kJtcrcrftg, four cornered, square, 
 rectangular. 
 
 bie JBiertclftunbc (-, -n), a quarter 
 of an hour. 
 
 ber JBogel (-8, ■«•), bird. 
 
 bag JSoH (-e8, -^cr), people, nation. 
 
 bie JBiiHcrgriJ^c (-, -n), size or great- 
 ness of nations or races. 
 
 bie SiJHerhJanberung (-, -en), mi- 
 gration of peoples. 
 
 bo8 miUixit^ (-eg, -er), folk-song. 
 
 bie 95oK^fdjuIc (-, -n), primary or 
 common school. 
 
 "ba^ ^oiUixnm (-«, ^er), nationality. 
 
 k»oa, full (of). 
 
 tooUenben, to complete, finish. 
 
 tioSenbj^, entirely, completely. 
 
 tjom=bon bem. 
 
 toon {dat.), of, from, by, in, on, 
 upon, concerning. 
 
 tjor {dat. and ace), before, formerly, 
 in front of, in presence of, on ac- 
 count of, with, from, against; ago. 
 
 tjoran, before, on, onwards, at the 
 head, foremost, ahead. 
 
 toorau^rcnnen (rannte boraug, ift bor=» 
 QuSgerannt), to run ahead, in 
 advance. 
 
 tjor&crcitcn, to prepare, get ready 
 beforehand. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 233 
 
 toorfiilben, to foreshadow, represent; 
 to give a preparatory education, 
 educate. 
 
 bic JBorbitbung (-, -en), prepara- 
 tion. 
 
 ber ©orbcrgruttb (-cS, -^t), fore- 
 ground, front. 
 
 bie ©orbertafct {-, -xi), front tablet. 
 
 borflcftcrn, day before yesterday. 
 
 ijorl^cr, previously. 
 
 tjorig, former, preceding. 
 
 tjorfommen (fom dor, ift borgcfom^ 
 men), to come forth, appear, 
 happen. 
 
 \>otUqtn, to lay before, display. 
 
 bie SJorlcfung (-, -en), reading 
 aloud, lecture. 
 
 ber JBormittag (-e8, -c), forenoon. 
 
 tjorne^mctt (er nintmt bor; nal^m dor, 
 borgenomnten), to take before, 
 take in hand, undertake. 
 
 bie J8orf(^uIc (-, -n), preparatory or 
 elementary school. 
 
 ber JSorfi^ (-eS), presidency. 
 
 t)ox\pxtiiitn (er fpric^t dor; fprad^ dor, 
 dorgefprod^en), to pronounce to 
 or for (one), teach one how to 
 pronounce. 
 
 tjortragen (er tragt dor; trug dor, dor= 
 getragen), to carry or bring be- 
 fore, lecture (on), deliver (a 
 speech). 
 
 bag aSdrurteit (-g, -e), prejudice. 
 
 Jjdrdorgcftcrn, the day before the day 
 before yesterday; three days ago. 
 
 toadfcn, to watch, sit up; to awake. 
 tuad^fam, watchful, vigilant. 
 toac^fen (er miic^ft; loud^g, ift getoad^^ 
 fen), to wax, grow. 
 
 bie aSar^t (-, -en), watch, guard, 
 ber aSagen (-g, -), vehicle, wagon, 
 
 carriage, 
 bie SSa^t (-, -en), choice, selection, 
 
 election; bei jeber — , at each elec- 
 tion. 
 toaffUn, to choose, elect. 
 toaffV, true, genuine, real. 
 toa^rcnb (gen.), during; during the 
 
 time that, whilst, 
 ber maih (-eg, -er; dim. ba^ SBaib- 
 
 c^en), wood, forest. 
 toalttn, to dispose, govern, rule, 
 bie aSanb (-, -^e), wall, 
 ber aSanbcrcr (-g, -), traveler, pil- 
 grim. 
 toanbcrn (aux. fetn), to wander, 
 
 roam, travel, 
 bie aSonbcrfc^aft (-, -en), traveling, 
 
 pilgrimage, 
 ber aSanbcr^mann (-(e) g, -leute), 
 
 wanderer, traveler, 
 ber SBanbcrtrieS (-g, -e), impulse 
 
 (inclination) to wander, 
 bie SBanbfarte (-, -n), wall map 
 
 or chart, 
 bie aSanbtafcI (-, -n), blackboard, 
 bie aSanbu^r (-, -en), wall clock. 
 huann, when; feit — ? since when? 
 
 how long ? 
 bag aSorenlagcr (-g, -), warehouse, 
 
 storehouse. 
 toarm, warm. 
 toarten, to wait; — auf (ace), to 
 
 wait for. 
 to arum, why. 
 toa§, what; that which; why; see 
 
 etldog; — filr ein, what kind (sort 
 
 of). 
 toofc^cn (er 'ma\^t; toufc^, geh)afd)en), 
 
 to wash. 
 
234 
 
 beginners' GERMAN 
 
 bog SSttfifcr (-g, -), water. 
 
 hjcbcln, to wag. 
 
 ber 9Scg (-eg, -e), way, road, route; 
 
 manner; passage; distance. 
 hjcgcn {with preceding or following 
 
 gen.), because of, on account of, 
 
 for the sake of, for, respecting, 
 
 with regard to. 
 ha^ 9Sel^ (-eg, -e or -en), woe, pain, 
 
 misery; agony of longing. 
 hJC^rcn, to prevent, oppose; fid^ — , 
 
 to defend one's self, resist. 
 totxti), soft, tender, delicate, smooth, 
 bie SSci^narfftcn (/>/.), Christmas, 
 ber SSci^narfjt^mann (-eg), Santa 
 
 Claus. 
 bie SSct^nac^tlscit (-), Christmas 
 
 time. 
 tocil, because, since, while, 
 bie S!BctIc,(-, -n), a while, time; 
 
 leisure, 
 ber SSetn (-eg, -e), wine, vine. 
 ItJCifc, wise, cunning, prudent, 
 bie SSctfc (-, -n), way, manner, 
 
 style. 
 hJcifcn (tt)teg, geluiefen), to show, 
 
 point, direct. 
 ftjci^, white. 
 
 hJCit, wide, broad, large, far, dis- 
 tant. 
 tocttcrgci^cn (ging iocitcr, ift tocttcr* 
 
 gegangen), to go further, 
 ber SBcigcn (-g), wheat. 
 hjclc^, which, what; — er, — c, — eg, 
 
 which, what, who. 
 bie SScKc (-, -n), wave, 
 bie SSett (-, -en), world, 
 bie SSettf)anbcI^marf|t (-, -^e), power 
 
 of world-commerce, 
 bie SBcItnJtrtfrfiaft (-, -en), inter- 
 national commerce. 
 
 tocnbctt (toanbtc, gemonbt), to turn 
 (over, around, about), change. 
 
 tucntg, little, not much, few. 
 
 ttienn, when, if, whenever. 
 
 tuenngleid^, as if, though, although. 
 
 hjcr, who, he who. 
 
 hjcrbctt (er toirb; murbe [loarb], ift ge* 
 tt)orben), to become, grow, be. 
 
 tocrfcn (er mirft; luarf, getoorfen), to 
 throw. 
 
 bag SScrf (-eg, -e), work, produc- 
 tion, deed. 
 
 ber SScrfeltag, see SBerftag. 
 
 bie SScrfftdttc (-, -n), workshop. 
 
 ber aScrftag (-eg, -e), working-day, 
 week-day. 
 
 ber aScrt (-eg, -e), worth, value. 
 
 hJCffcn {gen. of totx), of whom, 
 whose. 
 
 hJCi^rtJCgcn, wherefore, on account 
 of which. 
 
 ber aScftctt (-g), the West. 
 
 tocttcn, to bet, wager; barauf — , to 
 bet on it. 
 
 bag aScttcr (-g, -), weather, storm. 
 
 hJtd^tig, weighty, important. 
 
 bie SSSid^tigfeit (-, -en), weight, im- 
 portance, matter of importance. 
 
 ber SSibcr^att (-g, -e), echo. 
 
 toic, how, as, like, when; fo fc^on — , 
 as beautiful as. 
 
 hJtcbcr, again. 
 
 toie'bcrl^olcn, to bring back. 
 
 miebcr^o'Icn, to repeat. 
 
 hJicbcrfd^rcificn (fc^rieb hjieber, h)te* 
 bcrgefcfirieben), to write again. 
 
 hJtcberfcl^en (er fiefit iDieber; fal) mie* 
 ber, iDiebergefel^en), to see again; 
 auf 2Bieber[ef)en! until we see 
 each other again! good-by! 
 
 totcbcrum, again; on the other hand. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 235 
 
 lEBicn (-«; neut.), Vienna, 
 
 bie 2Siefc (-, -n), meadow. 
 
 tdXCoitt, how many. 
 
 With, wild. 
 
 ber SSinb (-eg, -e), wind. 
 
 toinfcin, to whine, whimper. 
 
 ber SSintcr (-g, -), winter. 
 
 ber SBi^fcI H, -), (tree) top. 
 
 toitttn, to work, effect, produce, 
 operate. 
 
 toirflid^, actual, real. 
 
 ber SSirt (-eg, -e), host, innkeeper. 
 
 bie SBirtf^aft (-, -en), economics, 
 husbandry; inn-keeping, inn. 
 
 h)irtf(i^aftUdf(, economic (al), belong- 
 ing to economics or to a house- 
 hold; agricultural. 
 
 ha^ aStrtft^oft^intcrcffc (-«, -n), 
 farming interest, economic in- 
 terest. 
 
 ber SBifc^cr (-«, -), wiper, black- 
 board-eraser. 
 
 toiffen (er meife; loufetc, gertufet), to 
 know; er njufete fid^ ni^t ju fielfen, 
 he did not know how to help 
 himself, what to do. 
 
 bie aSiffcnfr^oft (-, -en), science. 
 
 too, where, in, on, at which, when. 
 
 bie aSoc^c (-, -n), week. 
 
 toO(^cntUc^, weekly. 
 
 bie SBogc (-, -n), wave, billow. 
 
 ber SBogen^raH (-«), rebound of 
 waves. 
 
 tool^cr, whence, how. 
 
 tool^tn, whither, to what place, 
 where. 
 
 tool^t, well; indeed, of course; per- 
 haps, probably, undoubtedly. 
 
 toDl^ttatig, beneficent, benevolent, 
 charitable. 
 
 tool^nen, to dwell, reside, live. 
 
 ber aSol^ttpIa^ (-e6, -^e), dwelling- 
 place, town. 
 
 ber aSol^nfi^ (-e^, -e), residence, 
 dwelling-place. 
 
 ha^ aSo^njimmer (-«, -), living- 
 room. 
 
 bie aSoHc (-, -n), cloud. 
 
 tooHcn, to wish, will, be willing; to 
 desire, like, want, intend. 
 
 toomtt, wherewith, with which 
 (what). 
 
 bie aSonnc (-, -n), joy, rapture, bliss. 
 
 tooran, for (in) which. 
 
 ha^ aSort (-eg), word; pi. -e, con- 
 nected words; -^er (as SSorter* 
 buc^), disconnected words. 
 
 bie aSortfotgc (-, -n), order of 
 words. 
 
 tootiihtt, whereat, whereof, at, 
 over, upon what (which). 
 
 tootJOn, whereof, of or concerning 
 which (what). 
 
 ha^ SSunbcr (-g, -), wonder, aston- 
 ishment, miracle. 
 
 tounbcrfiar, wonderful, astonishing, 
 marvelous. 
 
 tounbcrlidfi, strange, odd. 
 
 tounberfam, wonderful. 
 
 tounbcrtJOff, wonderful. 
 
 toiinfd^cn, to wish, desire. 
 
 bie aSiirbc (-, -n), dignity, honor, 
 majesty, office. 
 
 ber SSurf (-eg, -^e), throw, cast. 
 
 bie aSSurscl (-, -n), root. 
 
 3 
 
 bie 3tt^I (-, -en), number, figure. 
 jal^ten, to count, number. 
 Sa^Icn, to pay; bar — , to pay cash, 
 ber 3tt^n (-g, ^e), tooth. 
 
236 
 
 BEGINNERS' GERMAN 
 
 ba^ SdfitiWtti (-6, -c or -m), tooth- 
 ache. 
 
 bag S^nfcn (-«), quarreling. 
 
 5. a3.=3um 53ci[piel, see 33eifpicl. 
 
 5C^n, ten; jetintc, tenth, 
 
 SCtd^ncn, to mark, draw, sketch. 
 
 ha^ 3ci^nc« M)/ drawing. 
 
 jetgeit; to show, point out. 
 
 bcr Scigcr (-«, -), pointer, hand. 
 
 bic S^itc (-, -n), line. 
 
 bic Sett (-, -tn), time. 
 
 baS Sett (-eg, -e), tent, vault of 
 heaven. 
 
 Scrftci^cn (jcrbife, gcrbiffen), to 
 crunch, break with the teeth, 
 bite. 
 
 Scr6rc(^cn (cr gcrbrid^t; gcrbrod^, ser« 
 broc^cn), to break to pieces. 
 
 Scrfattcn (cr jcrfaltt; jcrftel, ift gcrfal* 
 len), to fall to pieces, fall into 
 parts or branches. 
 
 8crf(^cffcu {aux. fcin), to go to 
 pieces; to be wrecked. 
 
 5crf(^ncibcn (serfd^nitt, scrfd^nitten), 
 to cut into pieces, cut up. 
 
 jcugctt, to testify, bear witness. 
 
 bag Scugnii^ (-ffcg, -ffc), certificate, 
 testimonial. 
 
 sicken (gog, gcgogcn; aux. f)abcn a»</ 
 fcin), to draw, pull; to move, 
 extend. 
 
 $xemlidi, tolerable, rather. 
 
 bic 3icr(i>^) (-/ -(Oti)/ ornament, 
 decoration. 
 
 gicrcn, to ornament, decorate. 
 
 ha^ Sintmcr (-g, -), room. 
 
 bcr 3orn (-g), anger. 
 
 Sornig, angry. 
 
 JU (dat.), to, on, by, for, at; — 
 %u^, on foipt; — '»|3fcrb, on horse- 
 back; — »aufc, at home. 
 
 5U, too. 
 
 judcn, to jerk, start, flash, quiver. 
 
 bcr 3«dcr (-g), sugar. 
 
 Sucrft, at first, firstly. 
 
 bcr 3w9 (-eg, -^c), pull, march; pas- 
 sage; train. 
 
 gugc^cn (ging gu, tft sugcgangen), to 
 go up to; to take place; auf ben 
 5lbenb — , to be going on towards 
 evening. 
 
 bic 3»fwnft (-)/ future. 
 
 Sulflffcn (cr lafet gu; liefe ju, gugelaffcn), 
 to leave closed; to admit. 
 
 5um=gu bcm; — ©oubcrneur to'd^kn, 
 to elect governor; — i^cnftcr t)in= 
 QUgfcl^cn, to look out of the win- 
 dow. 
 
 jumad^cn, to close. 
 
 Sunc^mcn (cr nimtnt p; nai)m gu, gu* 
 genommcn), to take in addition, 
 increase. 
 
 bic 3"tt9C (-, -n), tongue. 
 
 5ur=gu bet. 
 
 Siirncn, to be angry (tibcr, urn, 
 about, at, with). 
 
 5Uriirf, back, backwards. 
 
 5uriirffitf)rcn, to lead back; — auf, 
 to trace back to. 
 
 Suriirfgc^en (ging guriicf, ift guriidgcs 
 gangen), to go back, return. 
 
 SUriirf^attcn, to echo back, re- 
 sound. 
 
 suriidfommcn (tarn guriicf, tft gurlid^ 
 gcfommcn), to come back, re- 
 turn. 
 
 Suritdrettcn (rttt priidE, tft gurlidCgc* 
 ritten), to ride back (on horse). 
 
 guriidffd^trfen, to send back. 
 
 juriirffcnbcn (fanbtc guriidf, priidgc* 
 fanbt), to send back. 
 
 Sufammcn, together. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 237 
 
 Sufamtncnfiinbcn (banb pfammen, 
 aufammengcbunbeti), to bind to- 
 gether. 
 
 Sufammcnl^attcn (cr pit jufaTttmen; 
 f)ielt aufaTnTTtcn, jufatnmengefialten), 
 to hold together. 
 
 Sufammcnfommcn (tarn gufammcn, 
 fie finb sufammengcfommen), to 
 come together, meet, assem- 
 ble. 
 
 Suftc^cn (ftanb ju, augcftanbcn) 
 
 (cinem), to belong to, be the 
 
 duty of; to be closed. 
 SUhjenbcn (toanbtc gu, auQCitJanbt), to 
 
 turn towards. 
 ^tvav, in truth, indeed, of course, 
 
 to be sure. 
 5rtjci, two; jiueitc, second, 
 ber 8h»etg (-(e)8, -e), branch. 
 gtoifd^cn (dat. and ace), between, 
 
 among. 
 jtoolf, twelve; jtoolfte, twelfth. 
 
The Walter-Krause German Series 
 Beginners' German 
 
 By Dr. Max Walter, Director of the MusterscKule, Frank- 
 fort-on-Main, and Dr. CARL A. KRAUSE. Head of the 
 Department of Modern Languages in Jamaica High 
 School, New York City, and Lecturer in New York 
 University. 
 
 Price $1.00 
 
 This is the basic book of the WaUer-Krause German 
 Series. It contains forty-six carefully developed lessons, fol- 
 lowed by selections for reading, passages of connected 
 English prose for composition work, the essentials of Ger- 
 man grammar, a group of the best-known German songs 
 with music, a full vocabulary, and a map of Germany. 
 
 This book embodies the best features of the direct 
 method, which has made Dr. Walter famous, skilfully 
 worked out to fit the needs of American schools. It is 
 noteworthy in these respects : 
 
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 2. After the preliminary lessons, reading is made the centre of Instruction. 
 
 3. Drill in writing German accompanies the oral work and the reading 
 
 exercises. 
 
 4. Grammar is taught inductively. 
 
 5. The building up of a working vocabulary Is emphasized systematically. 
 
 6. A German atmosphere is carefully maintained throughout the book. 
 
 More than six hundred German teachers representing 
 the best teaching of German in America have by test found 
 this inspiring book the most useful text-book for beginners. 
 
 CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 
 
 NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON 
 
 ATLANTA SAN FRANCISCO 
 
The Walter-Krause German Series 
 First German Reader 
 
 By Dr. Max Walter, Director of the Musterschule, Frank- 
 fort-on-Main, and Dr. CARL A. KRAUSE, Head of the 
 Department of Modem Languages in Jamaica High 
 School, New York City, and Lecturer in New York 
 University. 
 
 Price 90 cents 
 
 This is based, like the "BEGINNERS' GERMAN,'' upon 
 the direct method skilfully worked out to meet the needs 
 of American schools. It contains fifty selections for read- 
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 dent's vocabulary and to assist him in obtaining a mastery 
 of the language. Following these are fifteen additional 
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 reading, after which are included a number of well-known 
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 mar in German, complete grammatical tables, and a full 
 vocabulary. The book is made more attractive and useful 
 by twelve full-page illustrations and a map of Germany. 
 
 Some noteworthy features of the FIRST GERMAN 
 READER are: 
 
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 exercises. 
 
 3. The building up of a working vocabulary Is emphasized systematically. 
 
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 The FIRST GERMAN READER will, therefore, at- 
 tract the attention of truly progressive teachers of German 
 in America. 
 
 CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 
 
 NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON 
 
 ATLANTA " SAN FRANCISCO 
 
The Walter-Krause German Series 
 German Songs 
 
 Compiled by Dr. MAX WALTER and Dr. CARL A. 
 KRAUSE. 
 
 Price 50 cents 
 
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 singing may be made a potent, practical means of 
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 A. KRAUSE. 
 
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The Walter-Krause German Series 
 
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 the Walter-Krause German Series. They have all 
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 STORM'S "IMMENSEE/* edited by Dr. C. M. Purin, 
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 ARNOLD'S "FRITZ AUF FERIEN," edited by 
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 STORM'S "POLE POPPENSPAELER," edited by 
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
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