California]
gional
cility
THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES
' Classical Scries.
THE
SATIRES OF JUVENAL
EDITED BY
THOMAS B. LINDSAY, PH.D.
BOSTON UNIVERSITY
NEW YORK : CINCINNATI : CHICAGO
AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY
COPYRIGHT. 1890, BY
AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY,
w. p. 6
1*10
PREFACE.
THE text of this edition agrees in the main with
that of Biicheler's edition of Jahn. A list of passages
where I have thought best to make use of other read-
ings or other orthography will be found at the end of
the volume ; differences in punctuation are marked only
where the meaning is materially affected. I have com-
pared most of the important editions, and used Ilosiutf
Apparatus Oriticus ad luvenalem (1888), and Beer's
Spicilegium luvenalianum (1885), as well as such spe-
cial articles as were at my command.
Thirteen of the sixteen satires usually attributed to
Juvenal are here given. Those omitted are the second,
the sixth, and the ninth. These are rarely read in col-
y % e classes. Where si ngle lines or longer passages have
been omitted, the fact is indicated by the numbering.
The notes are the result of several years' experience,
careful study, and a comparison of the views of the
best editors, especially Ruperti, Heinrich, Jahn, Mac-
leane, Mayor, Weidrier, and Biicheler. I have also
1181002
iv PREFACE.
had the benefit of my own MS. copy of Bibbeck's
lectures on Juvenal.
No index, except the index of proper names, is
given, because an incomplete one seems of little value,
and the complete index in Jahn's edition of 1851 is
easily accessible to scholars.
I wish to express my thanks to several friends and
former pupils for valuable aid in connection with both
the MS. and the proof-sheets.
T. B. LINDSAY.
BOSTON UNIVERSITY, May, 1890.
CONTENTS.
PAOE
PREFACE . iii
LIST or ILLUSTRATIONS vi
INTRODUCTION ..ix
DATES OF ROMAN EMPERORS xiv
DATES OF ROMAN WRITERS ......... xv
DESIGNATIONS OF AISS xvi
SATIRE
I. THE STATE OF THE TIMES . ....... 1
III. THE DISADVANTAGES OF LIFE AT ROME 7
IV. THE DEGRADATION or THE SENATE ...... 19
V. CLIENT AND PATRON 24
VII. THE TRIALS OF LITERATURE ....... 31
VIII. FALSE PRIDE OF ANCESTRY ........ 40
X. THE VANITY OF HUMAN WISHES 50
XI. LUXURY AND POVERTY 62
XII. THE RETURN OF CATULLUS . . . .... 69
XIII. THE POWER OF CONSCIENCE 75
XIV. RESPECT FOR YOUTH 84
XV. AN EGYPTIAN BATTLE 96
XVI. MILITARY LIFE 103
NOTES 107
LIST OF DIFFERENCES FROM BUCHELER'S TEXT 212
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES . 214
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF OBJECTS ILLUSTRATED ...... 228
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
-luvenal Frontispiece
Appian Way 1
Nereids and Tritons 6
Campagna 7
Orpheus 17
Domitian (full page) 18
Domitian (coin) 19
Triumphal arch (coin of Augustus) ....'.. 23
Triclinium 24
Table delicacies ,.30
Roman reading . . . 31
Atrium 40
Ancilia 49
Circus 50
Auriga (full page) 54
Chariot with the body of Antilochos . 61
Reading from Homer 62
Greeks feasting 68
Ba.*-relief : rowers in an Attic trireme ....... 69
Greek vessel 73
Jupiter Olympius (full page) 74
Jupiter Ammon (coin) . . .75
Medusa 83
Emperor Claudius .....84
Sacrificial scene 95
View on the Nile 96
Nile as river-god . 102
Ruins of Roman camp 103
Tomb of Scipio 105
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Vlj
no. PAOE
1. Roman reading 110
2. Lcctica 112
3. Stylus 113
4. Writing tablets 114
5. Bronze jugs 115
6. Toga with sinus 116
7. Taberna 117
8. Torus 118
9. Tomb of Caecilia Metella 119
10. Restoration of tombs on the Appian Way 120
11. Raeda. ' 122
12. Sambuca 124
13. Tympanum 124
14. Funambulus 125
15. Abolla .126
16. Pinnirapus 127
17. Retiarius, secutor, and lanista 127
18. Theatre at Aspendos 128
19. Abacus 129
20. Oil-flask and strigils . .131
21. Vomer 133
22. Figure with the rota 136
23. Triclinium . .138
24. Dinner-scene, showing the culcitiie . . . . . . . 138
25. Loaves of bread fouml at Pompeii . ... . . . 140
26. Artoptae (bread -molds) . . . .140
27. Table delicacies, from Pompeiian frescoes 140
28. Mouth of the Cloaca Maxima 141
29. Culina 142
30. Boy wearing the bulla 143
31. Writing materials 145
32. Figure bearing the thyrsus 146
33. Actors wearing the cothurnus 146
34. Ancestor-mask (cera) 152
35. Plan of the house of Pansa 152
36. Atrium 158
37. Hermes 154
38. Roman mill 155
39. Phokion wearing the chlamys 156
40. View of the Parthenon 157
41. Figure bearing the scutum 158
42. Various forms of the cithara ........ 160
43. Mimus . 160
v iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
FIG. PAGB
44. Gladiator's armor 161
45. Galerus 161
46. Dolabra 162
47. Diadema 162
48. Plan of the Forum Koinanum 165
49. Rostra (?) 168
50. Tropaeum 169
51. Currus, showing the temo . . . 169
52. Trireme, showing the three banks of oars . t 169
53. Position of the rowers in a trireme . 169
54. Ship, showing the aplustre 170
55. Bridge of boats 171
56. Theatre of Herod at Athens 172
57. Sacrificial scene, showing the tuba ....... 173
58. Rogus 173
59. Funeral urn 173
60. Couch, showing the fulcrum ........ 178
61. Horse adorned with phalerae 179
62. Figure bearing the clipeus 179
63. Orbis 179
64. Orbis 180
65. Artificial harbor at Ostia 184
66. Pharos 185
67. Inner harbor at Ostia 185
68. Sacrifice of Iphigcnia 186
69. Nassa 187
10. Pyxis 188
71. Vulcan's workshop 189
72. Figure hurling the framea 190
73. Isis with the sistrum 191
74. Pygmies and cranes 192
75. Flagellum 193
76. Dice-box (fritillus) 195
77. Cucurbita 196
78. Plan of the so-called villa suburbana of DSomedes . . . .197
79. Roman standards 200
80. Circus Maximus at Rome 201
81. Tibicen 205
82. Phaselus 207
83. Egyptian phaselus 207
84. Plan of Roman camp 209
85. Ruins of Roman camp 210
86. Soldier wearing the baltcus 211
(Cf. alphabetical list o/t j.-mje 223.)
INTRODUCTION.
WE know very little of the life of Juvenal. He rarely
speaks of himself, and is seldom mentioned by other
Latin writers. The sources of our information are
1. Thirteen versions of a Life of Juvenal which have
come down to us from an unknown source, in connection
with various MSS. of his works. No one of these is ac-
curate or trustworthy. Seven are given at the end of
Jahn's edition.
2. Scattered references in his own writings serving
to fix dates and places. Many of these references, how-
ever, occur in passages the authenticity of which is dis-
puted.
3. The following inscription, discovered at Aquinum :
C[ere]ri sacrum [D. Iu]nius luvenalis
trib. coh[ortis I] Dalmatarum, II vir quin-
q[uennalis] flamen divi Vespasiani
vovit dedicav[it q]ue sua pec[unia]
4. Passages in Martial (VII, 24; 91; XII, 18), in
Sidonius Apollinaris (Carm. IX, 270), in Johannes Malala
X INTRODUCTION.
(Chron. X, p. 341, Chilm.), and in Rutilius Namatianus
(I, 603).
From these sources we gather the following probable
account :
DECIMUS IUNIUS IUVENALIS, the son or foster-son of
a rich freedman, was born at Aquinum, about 54 A. D. He
attended school, probably at Rome, studied rhetoric and
practiced declamation, without, however, any view to either
teaching or law, as a profession. He wrote some satirical
verses on the actor Paris, the favorite of Domitian, possi-
bly the lines (87-96) which were afterward inserted in the
seventh satire. From Martial's statements, as well as from
his own works, we conclude that he lived for some time in
Rome. He served in the army as tribunus cohortis, and
was at one time banished, probably to Egypt. He lived
to the age of eighty.
Satire was a distinctively Roman literary produc-
tion. The name was given by Ennius (239 B. c.) to a
collection of poems in various metres, dealing with vari-
ous subjects. Lucilius (ca 148 B. c.) gave to satire the
character that it afterward retained ; a rambling account
of matters and things, half philosophy, half ridicule.
Horace (65 B. c.) polished and refined this form of com-
position, and gave it more of the genial spirit of the
later essay. Following Horace came Persius (34 A. D.),
whose style is rough and at times obscure, and whose
treatment is more directly philosophical than that of his
predecessors.
INTRODUCTION. x j
Sixteen satires have come down to us as the writings
of Juvenal ; the genuineness of several, and of parts of
others, has been questioned, particularly by Otto Ribbeck
in his Der echte und der unechte Juvenal, Berlin, 1865.
Most editors, while admitting Ribbeck's clear insight and
critical ability, and conceding that each of the two sections
into which he divides the works attributed to Juvenal has
marked characteristics, hesitate to adopt the theory as a
whole, and the text stands in the main as given in the
MSS. The division into five books seems to have been
an arbitrary arrangement made by the early commenta-
tors.
The MSS. of Juvenal are divided into two classes. To
the first class belongs the Montepessulanus 125, or Pithoea-
nus (-P.), & MS. of the ninth century, which contains cor-
rections made by a later hand (p.). Here belonged too
the now lost MS. used by G. Valla in his edition of I486,
and another lost MS. formerly in the monastery of St.
Gall, the scholia of which are still accessible. The second
class contains a large number of later and less trust-
worthy MSS., among which must be reckoned the cor-
rections in P.
The classification of the scholia follows that of
the MSS.
Horace lived when the Roman state, emerging from
the horrors of civil war, seemed about to enter upon :i
new life under the wise leadership of Augustus ; his satire,
sympathizing with the time, strikes only at those lesser
xii INTRODUCTION.
follies that might be reached by a laugh. In fact, the
satires of Horace have very little of the bitter irony and
the scathing criticism which we connect with the word
satire, but contain a pleasant, rather loquacious, discussion
of matters of general interest, with side blows at an un-
happy miser, a foolish scribbler, a conceited dandy, or a
rich glutton ; a general contempt for the folly of men that
refuse to enjoy their present happiness in their impatient
struggles for something more. In fact, Horace treats vice
as folly, not so much a thing to be harshly censured as one
to be sharply ridiculed.
Juvenal lived about a century later, when the seeds of
moral degradation, sown long ago, had produced their
fruit, when the glory of the empire had faded into a
despotic, self-glorifying rule, when the practically un-
limited power which, in the hands of Augustus, had been
bounded by his own self-respect and the self-respect of
the nation, had crossed or leveled all such bounds, and
was used for the gratification of the worst passions of its
possessors. Rome was full of adventurers from all lands,
anxious to acquire wealth and power by any arts; the spirit
of earnest devotion to the state and to personal duty, which
had marked the earlier Romans, had given place to self-
seeking ; pride had become vanity, frugality had become
avarice ; the curse that attends unearned wealth had fallen
upon the great city. It was to reprove the sins of such
an age that Juvenal wrote. Here was no time for pretty
philosophic generalities ; here was no time to compose
INTRODUCTION. xiii
poems on the beauty of content, lying beside some gently
murmuring stream, or, crowned with roses, sipping Faler-
nian wine amid a company of pleasant friends ; here was
no time to laugh at vice, to say what foolish fellows bad
men were. No ; here was a time for fierce invective, for
denunciation like that of the Hebrew prophets ; here was
a time to cry out that sin was the death of all that was
good and fair in family and state. Here was room for
contempt indeed, but a contempt too deep and bitter for
a laugh. And Juvenal has this contempt, a contempt
tinged with despair, for he loved Rome, the ideal Rome,
the Rome of the republic, when patriotism ruled in the
Forum and family affection in the home ; and it was a
sense of this terrible change, the sure sign of approaching
dissolution, that gave to the lash of Juvenal its severest
sting. "Facit indignatio versum"
DATES OF THE ROMAN EMPERORS.
Augustus .
Tiberius .
Caligula .
Claudius .
Nero .
Galba
Otho.
Vitellius . .
Vespasian .
Titus.
Domitian .
Nerva .
Trajan
Hadrian .
Antoninus Pins
Marcus Aurelius
. 27 B. C.-14 A. D.
14-37 A. D.
37-41 A. D.
41-54 A. D.
54-68 A. D.
68-69 A. D.
69 A. D.
69 A. D.
69-79 A. D.
79-81 A. D.
81-96 A. D.
96-98 A. D.
98-117 A. D.
. 117-138 A. D.
. 138-161 A. D.
161-180 A. D.
DATES OF ROMAN WRITERS.
Plautus .
Ennius .
Terence .
Lucilius .
Varro
Cicero .
Lucretius
Catullus
Vergil .
Horace .
Livy
Ovid
Persius .
Petronius
Quintilian
Martial .
Tacitus .
Juvenal .
Statius .
Pliny the Younger.
Suetonius
Apuleius . .
254-184 B. c.
239-169 B. c.
185-159 B. c.
148-103 B. c.
116-28 B. c.
106-43 B. c.
98-55 B. c.
. 87(?)-54B. c.
70-19 B. c.
65-8 B. c.
. 59 B. G.-17 A. D.
. 43 B. C.-17 A. D.
34-62 A. D.
(?)-66A. D.
35-95 A. D.
43-103 A. D.
54-118 A. D.
54(?)-134 (?) A. D.
61-98 A. D.
62-113 A. D.
75-160 A. D.
114-(?) A. D.
P, codex Montepcssulanus 125 olim Pithoeanus.
J9, codicis Pithoeani manus emendatrix.
S, scholiorum lectio aut ex scholiis ducta.
o>, codices reliqui omnes aut multi.
s, codicum reliquoruin pars.
The Appian Way.
\
SATURA I.
SEMPER ego auditor tantum ? nuraquarane reponam,
Vexatus totiens rauci Theseide Cordi ?
Inpune ergo mihi recitaverit ille togatas,
Hie elegos ? inpune diem consumpserit ingens
Telephus aut summi plena iam margine libri 5
Scriptus et in tergo necdum finitus Orestes ?
Nota magis nulli domus est sua, quam mihi lucus
Martis et Aeoliis vicinum rupibus antrum
Vulcani. Quid agant venti, quas torqueat umbras
Aeacus, unde alius furtivae devehat aurum 10
Pelliculae, quantus iaculetur Monychus ornos,
Frontonis platani convulsaque marmora clamant
2. Cordi PS, Codri pt.
2 D. IUN. IUVENALIS
Semper et adsiduo ruptae lectore columnae.
Expectes eadem a summo minimoque poeta.
Et nos ergo manum ferulae subduximus, et nos 15
Consilium dedimus Sullae, privatus ut altum
Dormiret. Stulta est dementia, cum tot ubique
Vatibus occurras, periturae parcere chartae.
Cur tamen hoc potius libeat decurrere campo,
Per quern magnus equos Auruncae flexit alumnus, 20
Si vacat ac placidi rationem admittitis, edam. 21
Patricios omnis opibus cum provocet unus, w
Quo tondente gravis iuveni mihi barba sonabat ; 25
Cum pars Niliacae plebis, cum verna Canopi
Crispinus, Tyrias umero revocante lacernas,
Ventilet aestivum digitis sudantibus aurum,
Nee sufferre queat maioris pondera gemmae :
Difficile est saturam non scribere. Nam quis iniquae 30
Tarn patiens urbis, tarn ferreus, ut teneat se,
Causidici nova cum veniat lectica Mathonis
Plena ipso, post hunc magni delator amici
Et cito rapturus de nobilitate comesa
Quod superest, quern Massa timet, quern munere palpat 35
Cams et a trepido Thymele summissa Latino ? 35
Quid referam, quanta siccum iecur ardeat ira, 45
Cum populum gregibus comitum premit hie spoliator
Pupilli prostantis, et hie damnatus inani
Indicio quid enim salvis infamia nummis?
Exul ab octava Marius bibit et fruitur dis
Iratis ; at tu victrix provincia ploras ! 50
Haec ego non credam Venusina digna lucerna?
Haec ego non agitem ? sed quid magis ? Heracleas,
Aut Diomedeas, aut mugitum labyrinth!
46. premat j. 47. at pu>.
SATURA 1. 3
Et mare percussum puero fabrumque volantem, 54
Cum fas esse putet curam sperare cohortis, ts
Qui bona donavit praesepibus et caret omni
Maiorum ceusu, dum pervolat axe citato 60
Flaminiam puer Automedon? nam lora tenebat
Ipse, lacernatae cum se iactaret amicae.
Nonne Ijbet medio ceras implere ciipaces
X IT
Quadruyip, cum iam sexta cervice feratur,
Hinc atque inde) patens ac nuda paene cathedra 65
Et multum referens de Maecenate supino,
Signator falso, qui se lautum atque beatum
Exiguis tabulis et gemma fecerit uda ?
Occurrit matrona potens, quae molle Calenum
Porrectura viro miscet sitienlte rubetam, 70
.
Instituitque rudes nielior Lucusta propinquas
Per famam et populum nigros efferre maritos.
Aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris et carcere dignum,
Si vis esse aliquid. Propiiaa luudatur et alget,
Criminibus debent hortos, praetoria, mensas, 75
Argentum vetiis et stantem extra pocula caprum. 7
Si natura negat, facit indignatio versum, 7
Qualemoumque potest, quales ego vel Cluvienus. 80
Ex quo Deucalion nimbis tollentibus aequor
Navigio rnontem ascendit sortesque poposcit,
Paulatimque anima caluerunt mollia saxa, ss
Quidquid agunt homines, votum, timor, ira, voluptas, 85
Gaudia, discursus, nostri farrago libelli est.
Et quando uberior vitiorum copia? quando
Maior avaritiae patuit sinus ? alea quando
Hos animos? neque enim loculis comitantibus itur
67. signato falso ffadmg. 68. fecerit SW, fecerat P. 69. occurrat
Heinrich. 70. rubeta P. 74. aliquis i. 86. timor add. p.
4 D. IUN. IUVENALIS
Ad casum tabulae, posita srd luditur area. 90
Proelia quanta illic disprnsatnre videbis
Armigero! siinplexne furor sestertia centum
Perdere et liorrenti tunicam non reddere servo ?
Quis totidem erexit villas, quis fercula septem
Secreto cenavit avus ? nunc sportula primo 95
Limine parva sedet, turbae rapienda togatae.
Ille tamen faciem pr^iuSj inspicit et trepidat, ne
Suppositus venias ac fajso nomine poscas.
Agnitus accipies ; iubet a praecone vocari
Ipsos Troiugenas nam vexant limen et ipsi 100
Nobiscum " Da praetori, da deinde tribune ! "
Sed libertinus .prior est : " Prior," inquit, " ego adsum ;
Cur timeam dubitemve locum defendere, quamvis
Natus ad Euphraten, molles quod in aure fenestrae
Arguerint, licet ipse negem ? sed quinque tabernae 105
Quadringenta parant ; quid confert purpura maior
Optandum, si Laurenti custodit in agro
Conductas Corvinus oves, ego possideo plus
Pallante et Licinis ? " Expectent ergo tribuni,
Vincant divitiae, sacro ne cedat honori, 110
Nuper in hanc urbem pedibus qui venerat albis,
Quandoquidem inter nos sanctissima divitiarum
Maiestas, etsi funesta Pecunia templo
Nondum habitat, nullas nummorum ereximus aras,
Ut colitur Pax atque Fides, Victoria, Virtus, 115
Quaeque salutato crepitat Concordia nido.
Sed cum summits honor finite computet anno
Sportula quid referat, quantum rationibus addat,
Quid facient comites, quibus hinc toga, calceus hinc est
Et panis f umusque domi ? Densissima centum 120
106. purpura Sp<*, purpurae P. 114. habitas p.
SATUKA L 5
Quadrantes lectica petit, sequiturque maritum "
Languida vel praegnans et circumducitur uxor.
Hie petit absenti, nota iam callidus arte,
Ostendens vacuam et clausam pro coniuge sellam.
" Galla mea est," inquit, " citius dimitte ; moraris ? 125
Prefer, Galla, caput! noli vexare, quiescet." ~
Ipse dies pulchro distinguitur ordine rerum :
Sportula, deinde forum iurisque peritus Apollo
Atque triumphales, inter quas ausus habere
Nescio quis titulos Aegyptius atque Arabarches. 130
Vestibulis abeunt veteres lassique clientes 132
Votaque deponunt, quamquam longissima cenae
Spes homini ; caulis miseris atque ignis emendus.
Optima silvarum interea pelagique vorabit 135
Rex horum, vacuisque toris tantum ipse iacebit.
Nam de tot pulchris et latis orbibus et tam
Antiquis una comedunt patrinionia mensa.
Nullus iam parasitus erit. Sed quis ferat istas
Luxuriae sordes ? quanta est gula, quae sibi totos 140
Ponit apros, animal propter convivia natum !
Poena tamen praesens, cum tu deponis amictus
Turgidus et crudum pavonem in balnea portas.
Hinc subitae mortes atque intestata senectus ;
Et nova, nee tristis, per cunctas fabula cenas ; 145
Ducitur iratis plaudendum funus amicis.
Nil erit ulterius quod nostris moribus addat
Posteritas ; eadem facient cupientque minores.
Omne in praecipiti vitium stetit ; utere velis,
Totos pande sinus ! Dices hie forsitan : " Unde 150
Ingenium par materiae? unde ilia priorum
126. quiescet F, quiescit pw. 143. crudum p, crudus P. 144. in-
festata Madviy. 150. dices P, dicas/>o>.
6 D. IUN. IUVENALIS
Scribendi quodcumque unimo flagrante liberet
Simplicitas, ' cuius nou audeo dicere nomen ?
Quid refert, dictis ignoscat Mucius an non?'
Pone Tigellinum : taeda lucebis in ilia, 155
Qua stantes ardent, qui fixo pectore fumant,
Et latum media sulcum deducis harena."
Qui dedit ergo tribus patruis aconita, vehatur
Pensilibus plumis atque illinc despiciet nos ?
" Cum veniet contra, digito compesce labellum : 160
Accusator erit qui verbum dixerit : ' hie est.'
Securus licet Aenean Rutulumque ferocem
Committas, nulli gravis est percussus Achilles
Aut multum quaesitus Hylas urnamque secutus;
Ense velut stricto quotiens Lucilius ardens 165
Iniremuit, rubet auditor, cui frigida mens est
Criminibus, tacita sudant praecordia culpa.
Inde irae et lacrimae. Tecum_prius ergo voluta
Haec animo ante tubas ; galeatum sero duelli
Paenitet." Experiar quid'concedatur in illos, 170
Quorum Flaminia tegitur cinis atque Latina.
166. pectore P, gutture pv. 157. deducis pu>, deducit P. 169.
despiciaet P, despiciat j. 161. versum P, verum pte. 169. animo ante
tubas codd. Prise., animante tuba p, anime ante tubas Valla. 171.
legitur P.
The Campagna.
SATURA III.
QUAMVIS digressu veteris confusus amici,
Laudo tamen, vacuis quod sedem figere Cumis
Destinet atque
lanua Baiarum
Secessiis. Ego vel Prochytarn praepono Suburae ; 5
Nam quid tarn miserum, tarn solum vidimus, ut non
unum civem clonare Sihyllac.
i est et'gratum litus amoi-ni
&
Deterius credas horrere incendia, lapsus
Tectorum adsiduos ac mille pericula saevae
Urbis et Augusto recitantes mouse poctas?
Sed dum tota domus raeda compouitur una,
Substitit ad veteres arcus madidmnque Capenam.
Hie, ubi nocturnae Numa consntuebat amicae,
Nuno sacri fontis nemus et delubra locantur
ludaeis, ((iiorum eophiuus facnuiii(|uc snpollex;
Omnis enim populo mcrccdom ^u-ndcrc. iussa est
Arbor, et eiectis mondicat silva Caincnis ;
In vallem Egeriae descendimus ct spcluncas
Dissimiles veris : quanto praeaentius esset
10
15
8 D. IUN. 1UVENALIS
i
Numen aquis, viridi si margine cluderet undas
Herba nee in'genuum violarent marmora tofum ! 20
Hie tune Umbricius : " Quando artibus," inquit, "hohestis
Nullus in urbe locus, nulla emolumenta laborum,
Res hodie minor est, here quam fuit, atque eadem eras
Deteret exiguis uliquid ; proponimus illuc
Ire, fatigatas ubi Daedalus exuit alas. 25
Dum nova'canities, dum prima et recta senectus,
Dum superest Lachesi quod torqueat, et pedibus me
Porto meis, nullo dextram subeunte bacillo ;
IfTi
Cedamus patria: vivant Artonus istic
Et Catulus ; maneant, qui nigrum in Candida vertunt, 30
Quis facile est aedem conducere, flumina, portus,
Siccandam eluviem, portandum ad busta cadaver,
Et praebere caput domina venale sub hasta.
Quondam hi cornicines et municipalis harenae
Perpetui comites notaeque per oppida buccae 35
Munera iiunc edunt, et versso pollice vulgus
Quern iubet occidunt populariter ; inde reversi
Conducunt foricas ; et cur non omnia? cum sint,
Quales ex humili magna ad fastigia rerum
Extollit, quotiens voluit Fortuna iocari. 40
Quid Romae faciam ? mentiri nescio ;" librum,
Si mains est, nequeo laudare et poscere ; motus
Astrorum ignore ; f unus promittere patris
Nee volo nee possum ; ranarum viscera numquam
Inspexi ; 45
me nemo ministro
Fur erit, atque ideo nulli comes exeo, tamquam
Mancus et exstinctae, corpus non utile, dextrae.
19. aque pa>. 37. quern p,' mergunt P. 168. negabis Valerius, necabis P t
negavit . 186. deponit, amati Franckt. 187. libis j, libris P.
SATURA III. 13
Aut positis nemorosa inter iuga Volsiniis, aut
Simplicibus Gabiis, aut proni Tiburis arce?
Nos urbem colimus tenui tibicine fultam
Magna parte sui ; nam sic labentibus obstat
Vilicus et, veteris rimae cum texit hiatum, 195
Secures pendente iubet dormire ruina. '
Vivendum est illic, ubi nulla incendia, nulli
Nocte metus. lam poscit aquam, iam frivola transfert
Ucalegon, tabulata tibi iam tertia fumant :
Tu nescis ; nam si gradibus trepidatur ab imis, 200
Ultimus ardebit, quern tegula sola tuetur
A pluvia, molles ubi reddunt ova columbae.
Lectus erat Codro Procula minor, urceoli sex,
Ornamentum abaci, nee non et parvulus infra
Cantharus et recubans sub eodem marmore Chiro, 205
lamque vetus Graecos servabat cista libellos,
Et divina opici rodebant carmina mures.
Nil habuit Codrus ; quis enim negat ? et tamen illud
Perdidit infelix totum nihil : ultimus autem
Aerumnae est cumulus, quod nudtim et frusta rogantem 210
Nemo cibo, nemo hospitio tectoque iuvabit.
Si magna Asturici cecidit domus, horrida mater,
Pullati proceres, differt vadimonia praetor ;
Tune gemimus casus urbis, tune odimus ignem.
Ardet adhuc, et iam acourrit qui marmora donet, 215
Conferat impensas : hie nuda et Candida signa,
Hie aliquid praeclarum Euphranoris et Polycliti,
Phaecasiatorum vetera ornamenta deorum,
Hie libros dabit et forulos mediamque Minervam,
Hie modium argenti ; meliora ac plura reponit 220
203. Codro sex om. P. add. p. 210. frusta j, frustra PS. 218.
Phaecasiatorum Roth, haec Asianorum PS, fecasianorum pet.
14 D. 1UN. 1UVENALIS
Persicus orborum lautissimus et merito iam
Suspectus, tamquam ipse suas incenderit aedes.
Si potes avelli circensibus, optima Sorae
Aut Fabrateriae domus aut Frusinone paratur,
Quanti nunc tenebras unum conducis in annum. 225
Hortulus hie puteusque brevis uec reste movendus
In tenuis plantas facili diffunditur haustu.
Vive bidentis amans et culti vilicus horti,
Unde epulum possis centum dare Pythagoreis.
Est aliquid, quocumque loco, quocumque recessu, 230
Unius sese dominum fecisse lacertae.
Plurimus hie aeger moritur vigilando ; sed ipsum
Languorem peperit cibus inperfectus et haerens
Ardenti stomacho ; nam quae meritoria somnum
Admittunt ? magnis opibus dormitur in urbe. 235
Inde caput morbi. Raedarum transitus arto
Vicorum inflexu et stantis convicia mandrae
Eripient somnum Druso vitulisque marinis.
Si vocat officium, turba cedente vehetur
Dives et ingenti curret super ora Liburno, 240
Atque obiter leget aut scribet vel dormiet intus ;
Namque facit somnum clausa lectica fenestra.
Ante tamen veniet : nobis properantibus obstat
Unda prior, magno populus premit agrnine lumbos,
Qui sequitur ; ferit hie cubito, ferit assere duro 245
Alter, at hie tignum capiti incutit, ille metretam.
Pinguia crura Into, planta mox undique magna
Calcor, et in digito clavus mihi militis haeret. <
Nonne vides, quanto celebretur sportula f umo ?
Centum convivae, sequitur sua quemque culina. 250
Corbulo vix ferret tot vasa ingentia, tot res
227. diffunditur , defunditur P. 240. liburno Pu, Hburna S.
SATURA III. 15
Inpositas capiti, quas recto vertice portat
Servulus infelix et cursu ventilat ignem.
Scinduntur tunicae sartae modo ; longa coruscat
Serraco veniente abies, atque altera pinum 255
Plaustra vehunt ; nutant alte populoque minantur.
Nam si procubuit, qui saxa Ligustica portat
Axis, et eversum f udit super agmina montem,
Quid superest e corporibus ? quis membra, quis ossa
Invenit ? obtritum vulgi perit orime cadaver 260
More animae. Domus interea secura patellas
lam lavat et bucca foculum excitat et sonat unctis
Striglibus et pleno componit lintea guto !
Haec inter pueros varie properantur, at ille
lam sedet in ripa taetrumque novicius horret 265
Forth mea, nee sperat caenosi gurgitis alnum
Infelix, nee habet quern porrigat ore trientem.
Respice nunc alia ac diversa pericula noctis :
Quod spatium tectis sublimibus, unde cerebrum
Testa ferit, quotiens rimosa et curta fenestris 270
Vasa cadant, quanto percussum pondere signent
Et laedant silicem. Possis ignavus haberi
Et subiti casus inprovidus, ad cenam si
Intestatus eas ; adeo tot fata, quot ilia
Nocte patent vigiles te praetereunte fenestrae. 275
Ergo optes votumque feras miserabile tecum,
Ut sint contentae patulas defundere pelves.
Ebrius ac petulans, qui nullum forte cecidit,
Dat poenas, noctem patitnr lugentis amicum
Pelidae, cubat in faciem, mox deinde supinus. 280
Ergo non aliter poterit dormire? Quibusdam
Somnum rixa facit : sed quamvis inprobus annis
259 e P, de />. 281. ddebai ffeinecke.
U
16 D. IUN. IUVENALIS
Atque mero fervens cavet hunc, quern coccina laena
Vitari iubet et comitum longissimus ordo,
Multum praeterea flammarum et aheuea larapas; 285
Me, quern lima solet deducere vel breve lumen
Candelae, cuius dispense et tempero filum,
Contemnit. Miserae cognosce prooemia rixae,
Si rixa est, ubi tu pulsas, ego vapulo tantum.
Stat contra starique iubet : parere necesse est ; 290
Nam quid agas, cum te furiosus cogat et idem
Fortior ? ' Unde venis ? ' exclamat ; ' cuius aceto,
Cuius conche tumes ? quis tecum sectile porrum
Sutor et elixi vervecis labra comedit ?
Nil mihi respondes ? aut die aut accipe calcem ! 295
Ede ubi consistas ; in qua te quaero proseucha ? '
Dicere si temptes aliquid tacitusve recedas,
Tantundem est : feriunt pariter, vadimonia deinde
Irati faciunt ; libertas pauperis haec est :
Pulsatus rogat et pugnis concisus adorat, 300
Ut liceat paucis cum dentibus inde reverti. ^Ssf
Nee tamen haec tantum metuas; nam qui spoliet te
Non derit, clausis domibus postquam omnis ubique
Fixa catenatae siluit compago tabernae.
Interdum et ferro subitus grassator agit rem : 305
Armato quotiens tutae custode tenentur
Et Pomptina palus et Gallinaria pinus,
Sic inde hue omnes tamquam ad vivaria currunt.
Qua fornace graves, qua non incude catenae ?
Maximus in vinclis ferri modus, ut timeas ne 310
Vomer deficiat, ne marrae et sarcula desint.
Felices proavorum atavos, felicia dicas
Saecula, quae quondam sub regibus atque tribunis
296 ante 295 posuit Pinzger. 804. catenaestluit turn ta super a P.
SATURA III.
17
Viderunt uno contentam carcere Romam.
His alias poteram et pluris subnectere causas : 315
Sed iumenta vocant, et sol inclinat ; eundum est.
Nam mihi commota iandudum mulio virga
Adnuit : ergo vale nostri memor, et quotiens te
Roma tuo refici properantem reddet Aquino,
Me quoque ad Helvinam Cererem vestramque Dianam 320
Converte a Cumis : saturarum ego, ni pudet illas,
Auditor gelidos veniam caligatus in agros."
322. auditor P, adiutor pu>.
Domitiati.
Coin of Domitian.
SATTJRA IV.
CUM iam semianimum laceraret Flavius orbem 37
Ultimus, et calvo serviret Roma Neroni,
Incidit Adriaci spatium admirabile rhombi
Ante domum Veneris, .quam Dorica sustinet Ancon, 40
Implevitque sinus ; nee enim minor haeserat illis,
Quos operit glacies Maeotica ruptaque tandem
Solibus effundit torrentis ad ostia Ponti,
Desidia tardos et longo frigore pingues.
Destinat hoc monstrum cumbae linique magister 45
Pontifici summo. Quis enim proponere talem
Aut emere auderet, cum plena et litora multo
Delatore forent? dispersi protinus algae
Inquisitores agerent cum remige nudo,
Non dubitaturi fugitivum dicere piscem 50
Depastumque diu vivaria Caesaris, inde
Elapsum veterem ad dominum debere reverti.
Si quid Palfurio, si credimus Armillato,
Q.uidquid conspicuum pulchrumque est aequore toto,
Res fisci est, ubicumque natat : donabitur ergo 55
41. implevitque , implevit P. 43. torrentis &, torpentis PS.
20 D. IUN. IUVENALIS
Ne pereat. lam letifero cedente pruinis
Autumno, iam quartanam sperantibus aegris,
Stridebat deformis hiems praedamque recentem
Servabat : tamen hie properat, velut urgueat Auster.
Utque lacus suberant, ubi quamquam diruta servat 60
Ignem Troianum et Vestam colit Alba minorem,
Obstitit intrant! miratrix turba parumper ;
Ut cessit, facili patuerunt cardine valvae ;
Exclusi spectant admissa obsonia patres.
Itur ad Atriden ; turn Picens : " Accipe," dixit, " . 65
" Privatis maiora f ocis ; genialis agatur
Iste dies ; propera stomach um laxare saginae,
Et tua servatum consume in saecula rhombum ;
Ipse capi voluit." Quid apertius ? et tamen illi
Surgebant cristae ; nihil est quod credere de se 70
Non possit, cum laudatur, dis aequa potestas.
Sed derat pisci patinae mensura. Vocantur
Ergo in consilium proceres, quos oderat ille ;
In quorum facie miserae magnaeque sedebat
Pallor amicitiae. Primus, clamante Liburno 75
" Currite, iam sedit ! " rapta properabat abolla
Pegasus, attonitae positus modo vilicus urbi
Anne aliud tune praefecti ? quorum optimus atque
Interpres legum sanctissimus omnia, quamquam
Temporibus diris, tractanda putabat inermi 80
lustitia. Venit et Crispi iucunda senectus,
Cuius erant mores qualis facundia ; mite
Ingenium ; maria ac terras populosque regent!
Quis comes utilior, si clade et peste sub ilia
Saevitiam damnare et honestum adferre liceret 85
67. saginae lahn, saginam P, saginis Spw, sagittis S, sagina Buechder.
78. delebat Heinrich. 83. terras pu, terra P, terram lahn.
SATURA IV. 21
Consilium? sed quid violentius aure tyranni,
Cum quo de pluviis aut aestibus aut nimboso
Vere locuturi fatum pendebat amici ?
Ille igitur numquam direxit bracchia contra
Torrentem, nee civis erat qui libera posset 90
Verba animi proferre et vitara inpendere vero.
Sic multas hiemes atque octogensima vidit
Solstitia, his armis ilia quoque tutus in aula.
Proximus eiusdem properabat Acilius aevi
Cum iuvene indigno quern mors tarn saeva maneret 95
Et domini gladiis tarn festinata ; sed olim
Prodigio par est in nobilitate senectus :
Unde fit, ut malim fraterculus esse Gigantis !
Profuit ergo nihil misero, quod cornminus ursos
Figebat Numidas Albana nudus harena 100
Venator ; quis enim iam non intellegat artes
Patricias? quis priscum illud miratur acumen,
Brute, tuum ? Facile est barbato inponere regi.
Nee melior vultu, quamvis ignobilis, ibat
Rubrius, offensae veteris reus atque tacendae. 105
Montani quoque venter adest abdomine tardus, 107
Et matutino sudans Crispinus amomo,
Quantum vix redolent duo f unera ; saevior illo
Pompeius tenui iugulos aperire susurro, 110
Et qui vulturibus servabat viscera Dacis
Fuscus, marmorea meditatus proelia villa,
Et cum mortifero prudens Veiento Catullo, 113
Grande et conspicuum nostro quoque tempore monstrum ;
Caecus adulator dir usque a ponte satelles, [115
Dignus Aricinos qui mendicaret ad axes
Blandaque devexae iactaret basia raedae.
97. in jiw, cum Pithoeus. 116. dignus qui Haupt.
22 D. IUN. IUVENALIS
Nemo magis rhombum stupuit : nam plurima dixit
In laevum conversus ; at illi dextra iacebat . 120
Belua. Sic pugnas Cilicis laudabat et ictus
Et pegma et pueros inde ad velaria raptos.
Non cedit Veiento, sed ut fanaticus oestro
Percnssus, Beliona, tuo divinat et, " Ingens
Omen habes," inquit, " magni clarique triumphi : 125
Regem aliquem capies, aut de temone Britanno
Excidet Arviragus : peregrina est belua ; cernis
Erectas in terga sudes ? "f- Hoc def uit uuum
Fabricio, patriam ut rhombi memoraret et annos.
" Quidnam igitur censes? conciditur ? " " Absit ab illo 130
Dedecus hoc," Montanus ait ; " testa alta paretur,
Quae tenui muro spatiosum colligat orbem.
Debetur magnus patinae subitusque Prometheus ;
Argillam atque rotam citius properate ! sed ex hoc
Tempore iam, Caesar, figuli tua castra sequantur." 135
Vicit digna viro sententia : noverat ille
Luxuriam imperil veterem noctesque Neronis
Iam medias aliamque famem, cum pulmo Falerno
Arderet. Nulli maior fuit usus edendi
Tempestate mea : Circeis nata forent an 140
Lucrinum ad saxum Rutupinove edita fundo
Ostrea, callebat primo deprendere morsu ;
Et semel aspecti litus dicebat echini.
Snrgitur, et misso proceres exire iubentur
Consilio, quos Albanam dux magnus in arcem 145
Traxerat attonitos et festinare coactos,
Tamquam de Chattis aliquid torvisque Sycambris
Dicturus, tamquam ex diversis partibus orbis
Anxia praecipiti venisset epistula pinna.
148. ex Weidner, ec Ribbeck, et P, a j, om. w.
SATURA IV.
Atque utinam his potius nugis tota ilia dedisset
Tempora saevitiae, chiras quibus abstulit urbi
Inlustresque animaj iiipune et vindice nullo !
Sed periit, postquam cerdonibus esse timendus
Coeperat : hoc nocuit Lamiarum caede madenti.
150
ffiaEffiaft . 17. ne p, nee P.
SATU11A V. 25
Quaeris? Habet Trebius, propter quod rumpere somnum
Dfboat et ligulas dimittere, sollicitus ne 20
Tota salutatrix iam turba peregcrit orbem
Sideribus dubiis aut illo tempore, quo se
Frigida circumagunt pigri serraca Bootae.
Qualis cena tamen ? Vinum, quod sucida nolit
Lana pati ; de conviva Corybanta videbis. 25
lurgia proludunt ; sed mox et pocula torques
Saucius et rubra deterges vulnera mappa,
Inter vos quotiens libertorumque cohortem
Pugna Saguntina fervet commissa lagona.
Ipse capillato diffusum consule potat 30
Calcatamque tenet bellis socialibus uvam,
Cardiaco numquam cyathum missurus amico ;
Cras bibet Albanis aliquid de montibus aut de
Setinis, cuius patriam titulumque senectus
Delevit multa veteris fuligine testae, 35
Quale coronati Thrasea Helvidiusque bibebant
Brutorum et Cassi natalibus. Ipse capaces
Heliadum crustas et inaequales berullo
Virro tenet phialas : tibi non committitur aurum ;
Vel, si quando datur, custos adfixus ibidem 40
Qui numeret gemmas, ungues observet acutos.
" Da veniam : praeclara illic laudatur iaspis."
Nam Virro, ut multi, gemmas ad pocula transfert
A digitis, quas in vaginae fronte solebat
Ponere zelotypo iuvenis praelatus larbae : 45
Tu Beneventani sutoris nomen habentem
Siccabis calicem nasorum quattuor ac iam
Quassatum et rupto poscentem sulpura vitro.
88. berullo PS, bcrillos pu. 39. phialas JM, phiala /'. 42. illic o>,
illi P. 43. ut pv, et P.
26 1). I UN. 1UVENAL1S
Si stomachus domini fervet vinoque ciboque,
Frigidior Geticis petitur decocta pruinis : 50
Non eadem vobis poni modo vina querebar?
Vos aliam potatis aquam. Tibi pocula cursor
Gaetulus dabit aut nigri manus ossea Mauri,
Et cui per mediam nolis occurrere noctem,
Clivosae veheris dum per monumenta Latinae : 55
Flos Asiae ante ipsum, pretio maiore paratus,
Quam fuit et Tulli census pugnacis et Anci
Et, ne te teneam, Romanorum omnia regum
Frivola. Quod cum ita sit, tu Gaetulum Ganymedem
Respice, cum sities. Nescit tot milibus emptus 60
Pauperibus miscere puer : sed forma, sed aetas
Digna supercilio. Quando ad te pervenit Jlle?
Quando rogatus adest calidae gelidaeque minister ?
Quippe indignatur veteri parere clienti,
Quodque aliquid poscas, et quod se stante recumbas. 65
Maxima quaeque domus servis est plena superbis.
Ecce alius quanto porrexit murmure panem
Vix fractum, solidae iam mucida frusta farinae,
Quae genuinum agitent, non admittentia morsurn :
Sed tener et niveus mollique siligine fictus 70
Servatur domino. Dextram cohibere memento;
Salva sit artoptae reverentia ! finge tamen te
Inprobulum, superest illic qui ponere cogat:
" Vis tu consuetis, audax conviva, canistris
Impleri panisque tui novisse colorem ? "- 75
" Scilicet hoc fuerat, propter quod saepe relicta
Coniuge per montem adversum gelidasque cucurri
Esquilias, fremeret saeva cum grandine vernus
luppiter et multo stillaret paenula nimbo ! "-
51. delebat Pinzger. 66. delebat Heinrich. 7U. fictus P, factus .
SATURA V. 27
Aspice, quam longo distinguat pectorc lancem, 80
Quae fertur domino squilla, et quibus undique saepta
Asparagis, qua despiciat con vi via cauda,
Dum venit excelsi manibus sublata ministri :
Sed tibi dimidio constrictus cammarus ovo
Ponitur, exigua feralis cena patella. 85
Ipse Venafrano piscem perfundit : at hie, qui
Pallidus adfertur misero tibi caulis, olebit
Lanternam ; illud enira vestris datur alveolis, quod
Canna Micipsarum prora subvexit acuta ;'
Propter quod Romae cum Boccare nemo lavatur, 90
Quod tutos etiam facit a serpentibus atris.
Mullus erit domini, quern misit Corsica, vel quern
Tauromenitanae rupes, quando omne peractum est
Et iam defecit nostrum mare, dum gula saevit,
Retibus adsiduis penitus scrutante macello 95
Proxima, nee patimur Tyrrhenum crescere piscem.
Instruit ergo focum provincia : sumitur illinc
Quod captator emat Laenas, Aurelia vendat.
Virroni muraena datur, quae maxima venit
Gurgite de Siculo ; nam dum se continet Auster, 100
Dum sedet et siccat madidas in carcere pinnas,
Contemnunt mediam temeraria lina Charybdim :
Vos anguilla manet longae cognata colubrae,
Aut glacie aspersus maculis Tiberinus, et ipse
Vernula riparum, pinguis torrente cloaca 105
Et solitus mediae cryptam penetrare Suburae.
Ipsi pauca velim, facilem si praebeat aurem :
" Nemo petit, modicis quae mittebantur amicis
A Seneca, quae Piso bonus, quae Gotta solebat
80. distinguat l\ distendat u. 91. om. Ps, damnaral lah*. 105.
torpente Rutgers.
28 !> 1UN. IUVENALIS
Largiri ; namque et titulis et fascibus oliin 110
Maior habebatur donandi gloria : solum
Poscimus, ut cenes civiliter ; hoc fac et esto,
Esto, ut nunc multi, dives tibi, pauper amicis ! "
Anseris ante ipsum magni iecur, anseribus par
Altilis et flavi dignus ferro Meleagri 115
Fumat aper; post hunc tradentur tubera, si ver
Tune erit et facient optata tonitrua cenas
Maiores. " Tibi habe frumentum," Alledius inquit,
" Libye ; disiunge boves, dum tubera mittas ! "
Structorem interea, ne qua indignatio desit, 120
Saltantem spectes et chironomunta volanti
Cultello, donee peragat dictata magistri
Omnia; nee minimo sane discrimine refert,
Quo gestu lepores et quo gallina secetur.
Duceris planta, velut ictus ab Hercule Cacus, 125
Et ponere foris, si quid temptaveris umquam
Hiscere, tamquam habeas tria nomina. Q.uando propinat
Virro tibi sumitve tuis contacta labellis
Pocula? quis vestrum temerarius usque adeo, quis
Perditus, ut dicat regi : " bibe " ? Plurima sunt, quae 130
Non audent homines pertusa dicere laena ;
Quadringenta tibi si quis deus aut similis dis
Et melior fatis donaret homuncio, quantus
Ex nihilo, quantus fieres Virronis amicus !
" Da Trebio ! pone ad Trebium ! vis, frater, ab ipsis 135
Ilibus ? "0 nummi, vobis hunc praestat honorem,
Vos estis f ratres ! Dominus tamen et domini rex
Si vis tu fieri, nullus tibi parvolus aula
Luserit Aeneas nee filia dulcior illo :
112. faciet P. 116. furaat pta, spumat P. 138. tu u, tuuc
P.
SATURA V. 29
lucundum et carum sterilis facit uxor amicum. 140
Sed tua nunc Mycale pariat licet et pueros tres
In gremium patris f undat semel : ipse loquaci
Gaudebit nido, viridem thoraca iubebit
Adferri minimasque nuces assemque rogatum,
Ad mensam quotiens parasitus venerit infans. 145
Vilibus ancipites fungi ponentur amicis,
Boletus domino ; sed quales Claudius edit
Ante ilium uxoris, post quern nil amplius edit.
Virro sibi et reliquis Virronibus ilia iubebit
Poma dari, quorum solo pascaris odore ; 150
Qualia perpetuus Phaeacum autumnus habebat,
Credere quae possis subrepta sororibus Af ris :
Tu scabie frueris mali, quod in aggere rodit,
Qui tegitur parma et galea metuensque flagelli
Discit ab hirsuta iaculum torquere capella. 155
Forsitan inpensae Virronem parcere credas?
Hoc agit ut doleas ; nam quae comoedia, mimus
Quis melior plorante gula ? ergo omnia fiunt,
Si nescis, ut per lacrimas effundere bilem
Cogaris pressoque diu stridere molari. 160
Tu tibi liber homo et regis conviva videris :
Captum te nidore suae putat ille culinae
Nee male coniectat ; quis enim tarn nudus, ut ilium
Bis ferat, Etruscum puero si contigit aurum
Vel nodus tantum et signum de paupere loro ? 165
Spes bene cenandi vos decipit. " Ecce dabit iam
Semesum leporem atque aliqui^ ie clunibus apri,
Ad nos iam veniet minor altilis." Inde parato
140. delebat lahn. 141. Mygale P, Migale 8. 142. semel P, siraul
pw. 146. ponentur pw, potentur PS. 148. post quern pv, post-
quam P.
30
D. IUN. IUVEXALIS
Intactoque omnes et stricto pune iacetis.
Ille sapit, qui te sic utitur. Omnia ferre 170
Si potes, et debes. Pulsandum vertice raso
Praebebis quandoque caput nee dura timebis
Flagra pati, his epulis et tali dignus amico !
169. iacetis P.
A Roman Readiiig.
SATURA VII.
Ex spes et ratio studiorum in Caesarc tantum :
Solus enim tristes hac tempestate Carnenas
Respexit, cum iam celebres notique poetae
Balneolum Gabiis, Romae conducere furnos
Temptarent, nee foeduin alii nee turpe putarent
Praecones fieri ; cum desertis Aganippes
Vallibus esuriens migraret in atria Clio.
Nam si Pieria quad runs tibi nullus in umbra
Ostendatur, ames nomen victumque Machaerae
Et vendas potius, commissa quod auctio vendit
Stantibus, oenophorum, tripod es, armaria, cistas,
Alcithoen Pacci, Thebas et Terea Fausti.
Hoc satius, quam si dicas sub iudice, " Vidi,"
9. utcumque P.
10
32 !> 1UN. IUVENALIS
Quod non vidisti ; faciant equites Asiani
Quamquam, et Cappadoces faciant equitesque Bithyni, 15
Altera quos undo traducit Gallia talo.
Nemo tamcn studiis indignum ferre laborem
Cogetur posthac, nectit quicumque canoris
Eloquium vocale modis laurumque momordit. f
Hoc agite, iuvenes ! circumspicit et stimulat vos 20
Materiamque sibi duels indulgentia quaerit.
Si qua aliunde putas rerum spectanda tuarum
Praesidia atque ideo croceae membrana tabellae
Implentur, lignorum aliquid posce ocius et quae
Componis, dona Veneris, Telesine, marito ; 25
Aut elude et positos tinea pertunde libellos.
Frange miser calamum vigilataque proelia dele,
Qui facis in parva sublimia carmina cella,
Ut dignus venias hederis et imagine macra.
Spes nulla ulterior ; didicit iam dives avarus 30
Tantum admirari, tantum laudare disertos,
Ut pueri lunonis avem. Sed defluit aetas
Et pelagi patiens et cassidis atque ligonis.
Taedia tune subeunt animos, tune seque suamque
Terpsichoren odit facunda et nuda senectus. 35
Accipe nunc artes. Ne quid tibi conferat iste,
Quern colis, et Musarum et Apollinis aede relicta,
Ipse facit versus atque uni cedit Homero
Propter mille annos, et si dulcedine famae
Succensus recites, maculosas commodat aedes. 40
15. delebat Pinzgtr, Bitini cum Asiani (14) locum permutare voluit
Hermann. 16. Gallia />o>, gallica PS. 18. cogetur />, cogitur P. 20.
o primo omissum add. P, vos P, nos w, vel nos superscr p. 22. exspec-
tanda o>. 23. crocea P corr. p. 24. implentur PS, impletur pu. 27.
calamum P, calamos pw. 39. et Pj, sed vel at vel aut j, tu Hermann.
40. maculosas S, Jfeinrich, maculonis P, maculonus r.
SATURA VII. 33
Haec longe ferrata domus servire iubetur,
In qua sollicitas imitatur ianua portas.
Scit dare libcrtos extrema in parte sedentis
Ordinis et magnas cornitum disponere voces.
Nemo dabit regum, quanti subsellia constant, 45
Et quae conducto pendent anabathra tigillo,
Quaeque reportandis posita est orchestra cathedris.
Nos tamen hoc agimus tenuique in pulvere sulcos
Ducimus et litus sterili versamus aratro.
Nam si discedas, laqueo tenet ambitiosi 50
Consuetudo mali ; tenet insauabile multos
Scribendi cacoethes et aegro in corde senescit.
Sed vatem egregium, cui non sit publica vena,
Qui nil expositum soleat deducere, nee qui
Communi feriat carmen triviale moneta, 55
Hunc, qualem nequeo monstrare et sentio tantum,
Anxietate carens animus facit, omnis acerbi
Inpatiens, cupidus silvarum aptusque bibendis
Fontibus Aonidum. Neque enim cantare sub antro
Pierio thyrsumque potest contingere maesta 60
Paupertas atque aeris inops, quo nocte dieque
Corpus eget : satur est, cum dicit Horatius " Euhoe ! "
Qui locus ingenio, nisi cum se carmine solo
Vexant et dominis Cirrhae Nysaeque feruntur
Pectora vestra, duas non admittentia curas? 65
Magnae mentis opus nee de lodice paranda
Attonitae, currus et equos faciesque deorum
Aspicere et qualis Rutulum confundat Erinys.
Nam si Vergilio puer et to.lerabile desset
60. ambitiosum lahn verstt 51 damnaio. 58. bibendis po, vivendis P.
61. quo Pu, cum ffibbesk, 63. qui Ps, quis jxu. 66. ne de lode P t
codice 8 corr. p. 115. surgis /*>,
surdis (?) P. 124. quanti lahii ; petit w. 128. statuam P. 130. Ton-
gilii /a/tn, tongili /', tougilli ;><.
gg D. ItJN. lUVENALtS
Qui solet et vexat lutnlenta balnea turba
Perque forum iuvenes longo premit assere Maedos,
Empturus pueros, argentum, murrina, villas ;
Spondet enim Tyrio stlataria purpura filo.\k/
Et tamen est illis hoc utile ; purpura vendit 1 135
Causidicum, vendunt amethystina ; convenit illis
Et strepitu et facie maioris vivere census.
Sed finem inpensae non servat prbdiga Roma.
Fidimus eloquio? Ciceroni nemo ducentos
Nuno dederit nummos, nisi fulserit anulus ingens. 140
Respicit haec primum, qui litigat, an tibi servi
Octo, decem comites, an post te sella, togati
Ante pedes. Ideo conducta Paulus agebat
Sardonyche, atque ideo pluris quam Gallus agebat,
Quam Basilus. Rara in tenui facundia panno. 145
Quando licet Basilo flentem producere matrem?
Quis bene dicentem Basilum f erat ? accipiat te
Gallia vel potius nutricula causidicorum
Africa, si placuit mercedem ponere linguae.
Declamare doces ? ferrea pectora Vetti, 150
Cui perimit saevos classis numerosa tyrannos !
Nam quaecumque sedens modo legerat, haec eadem stans
Perferet atque eadem cantabit versibus isdem ;
Occidit miseros crambe repetita magistros.
Quis color et quod sit causae genus atque ubi summa 155
Quaestio, quae veniant diversae forte sagittae,
Nosse volunt omnes, mercedem solvere nemo.
" Mercedem appellas? quid enim scio ? " " Culpa docentis
Scilicet arguitur, quod laevae parte mamillae
136. illia pa, om P. 145. clara P. 149. ponere P, imponere w.
151. cui /a/tn, cum Pu. 153. idem /a/in. 157. volunt ptt, velunt P,
velint Pitlineu*. 159. leve (= laevae) P.
SATURA VII. 37
Nil salit Arcadico iuveni, cuius mini sexta 160
Quaque die miserum dirus cap ut Hannibal implet;
Quidquid id est, de quo deliberat, an petal urbem
A Cannis, an post nimbos et fulmina cautus
Circumagat madidas a tempestate cohortes.
Quantum vis stipulare et protinus accipe, quod do 165
Ut totiens ilium pater audiat." Haec alii sex
Vel plures uno conclamant ore sophistae,
Et veras agitant lites, raptore relicto ;
Fusa venena silent, malus ingratusque maritus,
Et quae iam veteres sanant mortaria caecos. 170
Ergo sibi dabit ipse rudem, si nostra movebunt
Consilia, et vitae diversum iter ingredietur,
Ad pugnam qui rhetorica descendit ab umbra,
Summula ne pereat, qua vilis tessera venit
Frumenti ; quippe haec merces lautissima. Tempta, 175
Chrysogonus quauti doceat vel Polio quanti
Lautorum pueros : artem scindes Theodori.
Balnea sescentis et pluris porticus, in qua
Gestetur dominus, quotiens pluit ; anne serenum
Expectet spargatque Into iumenta recenti? 180
Hie potius, namque hie mundae nitet ungula mulae.
Parte alia longis Numidarum fulta columnis
Surgat et algentem rapiat cenatio solem.
Quunticumque domus, veniet qui fercula docte
Componat ; veniet qui pulmentaria condit. 185
Hos inter sumptus sestertia Quintiliano,
Ut multum, duo sufficient : res nulla minoris
Constabit patri, quam filius. " Unde igitur tot
165. accipe /x, accipere P ; quid do P, quod do pta, qui do Ribbeck.
174. suramula w, summavia P. 177. scindes lafin, scindens PSu. 181.
delebat Jfeinrich. 185. componit j, condit Pw, condiat Lachmann.
38 IX IUN. IUVENALIS
Qnintilianus habet saltus?" Exempla novorum
K-itorum transi : felix et pulcer et acer, 190
Felix et sapiens et nobilis et generosus,
Adpositam nigrae lunam subtexit alutae ;
Felix orator quoque maximus et iaculator ;
Et si perfrixit, cantat bene.^TDistat enini, quae
Sidera te excipiant modo primes incipientem 195
Edere vagitus et adhuc a matre rubentem.
Si Fortuna volet, fies de rhetore consul ;
Si volet haec eadem, fies de consule rhetor.
Ventidius quid enim? quid Tullius? anne aliud quam
Sidus et occulti miranda potentia fati ? 200
Servis regna dabunt, captivis fata triumphum ;
Felix ille tamen corvo quoque rarior albo.
Paenituit multos vanae sterilisque cathedrae,
Sicut Thrasymachi probat exitus atque Secundi
Carrinatis : et huno inopem vidistis, Athenae, 205
Nil praeter gelidas ausae conferre cicutas.
Di, maiorum umbris tenuem et sine pondere terram,
Spirantisque crocos et in urna perpettmm ver,
Qui praeceptorem sancti voluere parentis
Esse loco ! Metuens virgae iam grandis Achilles 210
Cantabat patriis in montibus et cui non tune
Eliceret risum citharoedi cauda magistri ;
Sed Rufum atque alios caedit sua quemque iuventus,
Rufum, quern totiens Ciceronem Allobroga dixit.
Quis gremio Celadi doctique Palaemonis adfert, 215
Quantum grammaticus meruit labor ? et tamen ex hoc
Quodcumque est minus est autem quam rhetoris aera
Discipuli custos praemordet acoenonoetus ;
192. damnarat lahn, alutcs P. 198. fies />&.', fiet P. 204. Tharsy-
machi Rittehl. 208. spirantcs />, spirandis P. 217. autem pu, om. P.
SATURA VII. 39
Et qui dispensat, frangit sibi. Cede, Palaemon,
Et patere inde aliquid decrescere, non aliter quam 220
Institor hibernae tegetis niveiquc cadurci;
Dummodo non pereat, mediae quod noctis ab hora
Sedisti, qua nemo faber, qua nemo sederet
Q;ii docet obliquo lanam deducere ferro;
Dummodo non pereat, totidem olfecisse lucernas, 225
Quot stabant pueri, cum tottis decolor esset
Flaccus et haereret nigro f uligo Maroni.
Kara tamen merces, quae cognitione tribuni
Non egeat. Sed vos saevas impon'te leges,
Ut praeceptori verborum regula constet, 230
Ut legat historias, auctores noverit omnes
Tamquam ungues digitosque suos; ut forte rogatus,
Dum petit aut thermas aut Phocbi balnea, dicat
Nil trice m Anchisae, nomen patriamque novercae
Anchemoli ; dicat, quot Acestes vixerit annis, 235
Quot Siculi Phrygibus vini donaverit urnas.
Exigite, ut mores teneros ceu pollice ducat,
Ut si quis cera voltum facit ; exigite, ut sit .
Et pater ipsius coetus. w
" Haec," inquit, " curas, et cum se verterit annus, us
Accipe victori populus quod postulat aurum."
219. frangat Ps, franget y, frangit s. 229. salvas P. 232. ut forte
P, sit forte p. 235. Anchemoli s, Archemori PSw ; annis P, annos w.
236. Siculi valesius, Siculis P, Siculus u. 242. curas et Pw, cura sed vcl
cures et s. 243. postulaturum P.
SATURA VIII.
STEMMATA quid faciunt? quid prodest, Pontice, longo
Sanguine censeri, pictos ostendere vultus
Maiorum, et stantis in curribus Aemilianos,
Et Curios iam diraidios, umerosque minorem
Corvinum, et Galbam auriculis nasoque carentem ? 5
Quis fructus, generis tabula iactare capaci
Corvinum, posthac multa contingere virga
Fumosos equitum cum dietatore magistros,
Si coram Lepidis male vivitur ? effigies quo
Tot bellatorum, si luditur alea pernox 10
Ante Numantinos? si dormire incipis ortu
Luciferi, quo signa duces et castra movebant?
Cur Allobrogicis et magna gaudeat ara
Natus in Herculeo Fabius lare, si cupidus, si
4-8. delebal Ribbeck. 6-6. delebat Hermann.
7. om. u, damnarat lahn.
6-8. delebat Weidner.
SATURA VIII. 41
Vanus et Euganea quantumvis mollior agna ? 15
Si tenerum attritus Catinensi pumice lunibum
Squalentis traducit avos, emptorque vencni
Frangenda rniseram funestat imagine gentem?
Tota licet veteres exornent undique cerae
Atria, nobilitas sola est atque unica virtus. 20
Paulus vel Cossus vel Drusus moribus esto ;
Hos ante effigies maiorum pone tuorum ;
Praecedant ipsas illi te consule virgas.
Prima mihi debes animi bona ; sanctus haberi
lustitiaeque tenax factis dictisque mereris? 25
Agnosco procerem : salve, Gaetulice, seu tu
Silanus ; quocumque alio de sanguine, rarus
Civis et egregius patriae contingis ovanti.
Exclamare libet, populus quod clamat Osiri
Invento. Quis enim generosum dixerit hunc, qui 30
Indignus genere et praeclaro nomine tantum
Insignis ? nanum cuiusdam Atlanta vocamus,
Aethiopem Cycnum, pravam extortamque puellam
Europen ; canibus pigris scabieque vetusta
Levibus et siccae lambentibus ora lucernae 35
Nomen erit pardus, tigris, leo, si quid adhuc est
Quod fremat in terris violentius. Ergo cavebis
Et metues, ne tu sic Creticus aut Camerinus.
His ego quern monui ? tecum est mihi sermo, Rubelli
Blande. Tuines alto Drusorum stemmate, tamquam 40
Feceris ipse aliquid, propter quod nobilis esses,
Tit te conciperet, quae sanguine fulget luli,
Non quae ventoso conducta sub aggere texit.
" Vos humiles," inquis, " volgi pars ultima nostri,
S3. pravam Ps, parvam , quae P. 40. Blande PSta, Plante Lipsius ; stemmate P t sanguine ta.
42 D. 1UN. 1UVENALIS
Quorum nemo queat patriam monstrare parentis : 45
Ast ego Cecropides." Vivas et originis liuius
Gaudia longa feras ! tamen ima plebe Quiritem
Facundum invenies ; solet hie defendere causas
Nobilis indocti ; veniet de plebe togata
Qui iuris nodos et legum aenigmata solvat. 50
Hie petit Euphraten iuvenis domitique Batavi
Custodes aquilas, armis industrius : at tu
Nil nisi Cecropides truncoque simillimus Hermae.
Nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine, quam quod
Illi marmoreum caput est, tua vivit -imago. AJ 55
Die mihi, Teucrorum proles, animalia muta
Quis generosa putet, nisi fortia. Nempe volucrem
Sic laudamus equum, facili cui plurima palma
Fervet et exultat rauco victoria circo.
Nobilis hie, quocurnque venit de gramine, cuius 60
Clara f uga ante alios et primus in aequore pulvis ;
Sed venale pecus Coryphaei posteritas et
Hirpini, si rara iugo victoria sedit.
Nil ibi maiorum respectus, gratia nulla
Umbrarum ; dominos pretiis mutare iubentur 65
Exiguis, trito ducunt epiraedia collo
Segnipedes dignique molam versare nepotes.
Ergo, ut miremur te, non tua, primum aliquid da
Quod possim titulis incidere praeter honores,
Quos illis damus ac dedimus, quibus omnia debes. 70
Haec satis ad iuvenem, quern nobis fama superbum
Tradit et inflatum plenumque Nerone propinquo;
liarus enim ferme sensus communis in ilia
49. vcniat P corr. p. 51. hinc Weidner. 61. pulvis pt Kervius.
cuius P. 66. trito j, et trito P, tritoque o> ; ducunt P (?), trahunt u.
67. nepotes P, nepotis pu. 68. prinmin Put, privum Salmasiut.
SATURA VIII. 43
Fortuna; sed te censeri laude tuorum,
Pontice, noluerim sic at nihil ipse futurae 75
Laudis agas. Misenim est aliorum incumbere famae,
Ne conlapsa ruant subductis tecta column is.
Stratus humi palmes viduas desiderat ulmos.
Esto bonus miles, tutor bonus, arbiter idem
Integer; ambiguac si quaudo citabere testis 80
Incertaeque rei, Phalaris licet imperet ut sis
Falsus et adrnoto dictet periuria tauro,
Summum crede nefas animam praeferre pudori
Et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas.
Dignus morte perit, cenet licet ostrea centum 85
Gaurana et Cosmi toto mergatur aheno.
Expectata diu tandem provincia cum te
Rectorem accipiat, pone irae frena modumque,
Pone et avaritiae, miserere inopum sociorum :
Ossa vides regum vacuis exucta medullis. 90
Respice quid moneant leges, quid curia mandet,
Praemia quanta bonos maneant, quam fulmine iusto
Et Capito et Numitor ruerint, damnante senatu,
Piratae Cilicum. Sed quid damnatio confert ?
Praeconem, Chaerippe, tuis circumspice pannis, 95
Cum Pansa eripiat, quidquid tibi Natta reliquit,
lamque tace ; furor est post omnia perdere naulum.
Non idem gemitus olim neque vulnus erat par
Damnorum, sociis florentibus et modo victis.
Plena domus tune omnis, et ingens stabat acervus 100
Nummorum, Spartana chlamys, conchylia Coa,
Et cum Parrhasii tabulis signisque Myronis
Phidiacurn vivebat ebur, nee non Polycliti
88. accipiat P, accipiet u. 90. regum w, rerum P. 97. naulum JM>,
na * lu /', naulon j.
44 D. IUN. 1UVENAL1S
Multus ubiquo labor ; rarae sine Mentore mensae.
Inde Dolabella atque istinc Antonius, inde 105
Sacrilegus Verrcs referebant navibus altis
Occulta spolia et phi res de pace triumphos.
Nunc sociis iuga pauca bourn, grex parvus equarum,
Et pater armenti capto eripietur agello,
Ipsi deinde Lares, si quod spectabile signum, 110
Si quis in aedicula deus unicus ; haec etenim sunt
Pro summis, nani sunt haec maxima. ( Despicias tu
Forsitan iubellis Rliodios unctamque Corinthon :
Despicias merito ; quid resinata iuventus
Cruraque totius facient tibi levia gentis ? 115
Horrida vitanda est Hispania, Gallicus axis
Illyricumque latus ; parce et messoribus illis,
Qui saturant urbem circo scaenaeque vacantem.
Quanta autem inde feres tarn dirae praemia culpae,
Cum tennis nuper Marius discinxerit Afros? 120
Curandum in primis ne magna iniuria fiat
Fortibus et miseris. Tollas licet omne quod usquam est
Auri atque argenti, scutum gladiumque relinques
Et iaculum et galeam : spoliatis arma supersunt.
Quod modo proposui, non est sententia ; verum est ; 125
Credite me vobis folium recitare Sibyllae.
Si tibi sancta cohors cornitum, si nemo tribunal
Vendit acersecomes, si iiulium in coniuge crimen,
Nee per conventus et cuncta per oppida curvis
Unguibus ire parat nummos raptura Celaeno : 130
Tu licet a Pico numeres genus, altaque si te
Xomina delectant, omnem Titanida pugnam
105. adque stinc cantonius /', atque hinc Antonius o>, atque dchinc
Lachmaun. 109. eripietur pu, eripi . . . P, eripiatur j. 112. iara
coniectt Buecheler. 122. usquam u, umquam P. 123. relinqu . . . P,
relinquas 5. 124. dclebat Lachmann. 131. tu PSs, turn/), tuuc w.
SATURA VIII. 45
Inter maiores ipsumque Promethea ponas :
Do quocumque voles proavuin til)i sumito libro.
Quod si praccipiiciii nipit ambitio atque libido, 135
Si frangis virgas sociorum in sanguine, si te
Delectant hebetes lasso lictore secures :
Incipit ipsorum contra te stare parentum
Nobilitas claramque facem praeferre pudendis.
Omne animi vitium tanto conspectius in se 140
Crimen habet, quanto maior qui peccat habetur.
Quo mihi te solitum falsas signare tabellas
In templis, quae fecit avus, statuamque parentis
Ante triumphalem ? quo, si nocturnus adulter
Tempora Santonico velas adoperta cucullo? 145
Praeter maiorum cineres atque ossa volucri
Carpento rapitur pinguis Lateranus, et ipse,
Ipse rotam astringit sufflamiue mulio consul,
Nocte quidem ; sed Luna videt, sed sidera testes
Intendunt oculos. Finitum tempus honoris 150
Cum fuerit, clara Lateranus luce flagellum
Sumet et occursum numquam trepidabit amici
lam senis, ac virga prior annuet atque maniplos
Solvet et infundet iumentis hordea lassis.
Interea, dum lanatas robumque iuvencum 155
More Numae caedit lovis ante altaria, iurat
Solam Eponam et facies olid a ad praesepia pictas.
Sed cum pervigiles placet instaurare popinas,
Obvius adsiduo Syrophoenix unctus amomo
Currit, Idumaeae Syropboenix incola portae 160
Hospitis adfectu dominum regemque salutat,
148. aufflamine mulio S ad florilegium 8. Oalli grammaticus G. L. K.
VI, p. 231, multo sufflamine P (immo p) w. 155. robum S florilegium,
torvuin p. 116. parcam /'. partain p*.
56 D. IUN. IUVENALIS
Praemia si tollas ? patriam tamen obruit olim
Gloria paucorum et laudis titulique cupido
Haesuri saxis cinerum custodibus, ad quae
Disoutienda valent sterilis mala robora fici, 145
Quandoquidem data sunt ipsis quoque fata sepulcris.
Expende Hannibalem : quot libras in duce summo
Invenies? hie est, quern non capit Africa Mauro
Percussa Oceauo Niloque admota tepenti,
Rursus ad Aethiopum populos altosque elephantos. 150
Additur imperiis Hispauia, Pyrenaeum
Transilit ; opposuit natura Alpemque nivemque :
Diducit scopulos et montem rumpit aceto.
lam tenet Italiam ; tamen ultra pergere tendit :
" Actum," inquit, " nihil est, nisi Poeno milite portas 155
Frangimus et media vexillum pono Subura."
qualis facies et quali digna tabella,
Cum Gaetula ducem portaret belua luscum!
Exitus ergo quis est ? gloria ! vincitur idem
Nempe et in exilium praeceps fugit atque ibi magnus 160
Mirandusque cliens sedet ad praetoria regis,
Donee Bithyno libeat vigilare tyranno.
Finem animae, quae res humanas miscuit olim,
Non gladii, non saxa dabunt, nee tela, sed ille
Cannarum vindex et tanti sanguinis ultor 165
Anulus. I demens et saevas curre per Alpes,
Ut pueris placeas et declamatio fias !
Unus Pellaeo iuveni non sufficit orbis ;
Aestuat infelix angusto limite muridi,
Ut Gyari clausus scopulis parvaque Seripho : 170
Cum tamen a figulis munitam intraverit urbem,
Sarcophago contentus erit. Mors sola fatetur
145. fici Ps, ficus u. 160. altos Ps, alios o>.
SATURA X. 5Y
Quantula sint hominum corpuscula. Oreditur olim
Velificatus Athos et quidquid (Jraecia mendax
Audet in historia, constratum classibus isdern 175
Suppositumque rotis solidum mare ; credimus altos
Defecisse amnes epotaque flumina Medo
Prandente, et madidis cantat quae Sostratus alls.
Ille tamen qualis rediit Salamine relicta,
In Corum atque Eurum solitus saevire flagellis 180
Barbarus, Aeolio numquam hoc in carcere passes,
Ipsum conpedibus qui vinxerat Ennosigaeum?
Mitius id sane, quod non et stigmate dignum
Credidit. Huic quisquam vellet servire deorum !
Sed qualis rediit ? nempe una nave, cruentis 185
Fluctibus ac tarda per densa cadavera prora.
Has totiens optata exegit gloria poenas !
" Da spatium vitae, multos da, luppiter, annos ! "
Hoc recto vultu, solum hoc et pallidus optas.
Sed quam continuis et quantis longa senectus 190
Plena malis ! deformem et taetrum ante omnia vnltum
Dissimilemque sui, deformem, pro cute pellem
Pendentisque genas et talis aspice rugas,
Quales, umbriferos ubi pandit Thabraca saltus,
In vetula scalpit iam mater simia bucca. 195
Plurima sunt iuvenum discrimina ; pulchrior ille
Hoc, atque ille alio, multum hie robustior illo :
Una senum facies, cum voce trementia membra
Et iam leve caput madid ique infantia nasi,
Frangendus misero gingiva panis inermi. 200
Usque adeo gravis uxori natisque sibique,
Ut captatori moveat fastidia Cosso.
175. constratum ptt, contractum P. 189. delebat Heinrich, hoc recto
w, hoc alto recto P 197. ille om. P.
58 D. IUN.
Non eadem vini atque cibi, torpente palato,
Gaudia. 204
Aspice partis 209
Nunc damnum alterius ; nam quae oantante voluptas, 210
Sit licet eximius, citharoedo sive Seleuco,
Et quibus aurata mos est fulgere lacerna?
Quid refert magni sedeat qua parte theatri,
Qui vix cornicines exaudiet atque tubarum
Concentus ? clamore opus est, ut sentiat auris, 215
Quern dicat venisse puer, quot nuutiet horas.
Praeterea minimus gelido iam in corpore sanguis
Febre calet sola : circumsilit agmine facto
Morborum omne genus ; quorum si nornina quaeras, 219
Percurram citius quot villas possideat nunc, 225
Quo tondente gravis iuveni mihi barba sonabat.
Ille umero, hie lumbis, hie coxa debilis ; ambos
Perdidit ille oculos et luscis invidet ; huius
Pallida labra cibum accipiunt digitis alienis,
Ipse ad conspectum cenae diducere rictum 230
Suetus hiat tantum, ceu pullus hirundinis, ad quern
Ore volat pleno mater ieiuna. Sed omni
Membrorum damno maior dementia, quae nee
Nomina servorum nee vultum agnoscit amici,
Cum quo praeierita cenavit nocte, nee illos, 235
Quos genuit, quos eduxit. Nam codice saevo
Heredes vetat esse suos, bona tota feruutur
Ad Phialen. j sss
Ut vigeant sensus animi, ducenda tamen sunt 240
Funera natorum, rogus aspiciendus amatae
Coniugis et fratris plenaeque sororibus urnae.
211. sive Seleuco P, sitve Seleucus o>. 217. in om. i. 232. mater
ieiuna />, materiae luna P. 240. sunt pta, sint P.
SATURA X. 59
Haec data poena diu viventibus, ut renovata
Semper clade domus multis in luctibtis inque
Perpetuo maerore et nigra veste senescant. 245
Rex Pylius, magno si quidquam credis Homero,
Exemplum vitae fuit a cornice secundae.
Felix nimirum, qui tot per saecula mortem
Distulit atque suos iam dextra computat annos,
Quique novum totiens mustum bibit. Oro, parumper 250
Attendas, quantum de legibus ipse queratur
Fatorum et nimio de stamine, cum videt acris
Antilochi barbam ardentem, cum quaerit ab omni
Quisquis adest socius, cur haec in tempora duret,
Quod f acinus dignum tarn longo admiserit aevo. 255
Haec eadem Peleus, raptum cum luget Achillem,
Atque alius, cui fas Ithacum lugere natantem.
Incolumi Troia Priamus venisset ad umbras
Assaraci magnis sollemnibus, Hectore funus
Portante ac reliquis fratrum cervicibus inter 260
Iliadum lacrimas, ut primes edere planctus
Cassandra inciperet scissaque Polyxena palla,
Si foret exstinctus diverso tempore, quo non
Coeperat audaces Paris aedificare carinas.
Longa dies igitur quid contulit? omnia vidit 265
Eversa et flammis. Asiam ferroque cadentem.
Tune miles tremulus posita tulit arma tiara
Et ruit ante aram summi lovis, ut vetulus bos,
Qui domini cultris tenue et miserabile collum
Praebet, ab ingrato iam fastiditus aratro. 270
Exitus ille utcumque hominis, sed torva canino
Latravit rictu, quae post hune vixerat, uxor.
248. viventibus />, viventi est Weidner. 245. senescant /*, senes-
cat P. 259. roagni P. 263. quo non P, quo iam .
60 D. I UN. 1UVENALIS
Festino ad nostros et regem transeo Ponti
Et Croesum, quern vox iusti facunda Solonis
Respicere ad longae iussit spatia ultima vitae. 275
Exilium et career Minturnarumque paludes
Et mendicatus victa Carthagine panis
Hinc causas habuere. Quid illo cive tulisset
Natura in terris, quid Roma beatius umquam,
Si circumducto captivorum agmine et omni 280
Bellorum pompa animam exhalasset opimam,
Cum de Teutonico vellet descendere curru ?
Provida Pompeio dederat Campania febres
Optandas, sed multae urbes et publica vota
Vicerunt ; igitur fortuna ipsius et urbis 285
Servatum victo capat abstulit. Hoc cruciatu
Lentulus, hac poena caruit ceciditque Cethegus
Integer, et iacuit Catilina cadavere toto. 2s
" Nil ergo optabunt homines ? " Si consilium vis, 345
Permittes ipsis expendere numinibus quid
Conveniat nobis rebusque sit utile nostris.
Nam pro iucundis aptissima quaeque dabunt di.
Carior est illis bomo, quam sibi. Nos animorum 350
Impulsu et caeca magnaque cupidine ducti
Coniugium petimus partumque uxoris ; at illis
Notum qui pueri qualisque futura sit uxor.
Ut tamen et poscas aliquid voveasque sacellis
Exta et candiduli divina tomacula porci, 355
Orandum est ut sit mens sana in corpore sano.
Fortem posce animum, mortis terrore carentem,
Qui spatium vitae extremum inter munera ponat
Naturae, qui ferre queat quoscumque labores,
Nesciat irasci, cupiat nihil et potiores 360
369. dolores Rupcrti,
SATURA X. 61
Hcrculis aerumnas credat saevosquc labores
Et Venere et cenis et pluma Sardanapalli.
Monstro quod ipse tibi possis dare ; semita certe
Tranquillae per virtutem patet unica vitae.
Nullum numen habes, si sit prudentia; nos te 365
Nos facimus, Fortuna, deam caeloque locamus.
365. babes Pu, abest p.
Reading from Homer.
SATURA XL
US eximie si cenat, lautus habetur ;
Si Rutilus, demens. Quid enim maiore cachinno
Excipitur vulgi, quam pauper Apicius ? omnes
Convictus, thermae, stationes, omne theatrum
De Rutilo. Nam dum valida ac iuvenalia membra
Sufficiunt galeae, dumque ardet sanguine, fertur,
Non cogente quidem, sed nee prohibente tribune,
Scripturus leges et regia verba lanistae.
Multos porro vides, quos saepe elusus ad ipsum
Creditor introitum solet expectare macelli,
Et quibus in solo vivendi causa palato est.
Egregius cenat meliusque miserrimus horum
Et cito casurus iam perlucente ruina.
Interea gustus elemeuta per omnia quaerunt,
Numquam animo pretiis opstantibus ; interius si
Attendas, magis ilia iuvant, quae pluris ementur.
10
15
8. onmis /' rasa i. 6. ardet Guietus, ardenti P, ardcns po>, ardent
Barthius. 16. ementur P, emuntur />o>.
SAT UK A XI. (}3
Ergo baud difficile est perituram arcessere summam,
Lancibus oppositis vel matris imagine fracta,
Et quadringentis nunimis condire gulosum
Fictile : sic veniunt ad miscillanea ludi. 20
Ilefert ergo, quis haec eadem paret : in Rutilo nam
Luxuria est, in Ventidio laudabile nomen
Sumit et a censu famam trahit. Ilium ego iure
Despiciam, qui scit quanto sublimior Atlas
Omnibus in Libya sit montibus, hie tamen idem 25
Ignoret quantum ferrata distet ab area
Sacculus. E caelo descendit yvudi veavrov,
Figendum et memori tractandum pectore, sive
Coniugium quaeras vel sacri in parte senatus
Esse velis ; neque enim loricam poscit Achillis 30
Thersites, in qua se traducebat Ulixes;
Ancipitem seu tu magno discrimine causam
Protegere adfectas, te consule, die tibi qui sis,
Orator vehemens, an Curtius et Matho buccae.
Noscenda est mensura sui spectandaque rebus 35
In summis minimisque, etiam cum piscis emetur ;
Ne mullum cupias, cum sit tibi gobio tantum
In loculis. Quis enim te deficiente crumina
Et crescente gula manet exitus, aere paterno
Ac rebus mersis in ventrem, faenoris atque 40
Argenti gravis et pecorum agrorumque capacem ?
Talibus a dominis post cuncta novissimus exit
Anulus, et digito mendicat Pollio nudo.
Non praematuri cineres nee funus acerbum
Luxuriae, sed morte magis metuenda senectus. 45
Hi plerumque gradus : conducta pecunia Romae
Et coram dominis consumitur ; inde ubi paulum
35. suis P. 38. c ... ina P t crumena /x, culina $.
64 L>. I UN. IUVENALIS
Nescio quid superest et pallet faenoris auctor,
Qui vertere solum, Baias ct ad ostrea currunt.
Cedere narnquc foro iam lion est deterius quam 50
Esquilias a fervent! migrare Subura.
Ille dolor solus patriam fugientibus, ilia
Maestitia est, caruisse anno circensibus uno.
Sanguinis in facie non haeret gutta ; morantur
Pauci ridiculum effugientem ex urbe pudorem. 55
Experiere hodie, numquid pulcherrima dictu,
Persice, non praestem vita vel moribus et re,
Si laudem siliquas occultus ganeo, pultes
Coram aliis dictem puero, sed in aure placentas.
Nam cum sis conviva mihi promissus, habebis 60
Evandrum, veuies Tirynthius aut minor illo
Hospes, et ipse tamen contingens sanguine caelum :
Alter aquis, alter flammis ad sidera missus.
Fercula nunc audi nullis ornata macellis.
De Tiburtino veniet pinguissimus agro 65
Haedulus et toto grege mollior, inscius herbae,
Necdum ausus virgas humilis mordere salicti,
Qui plus lactis habet quam sanguinis, et montani
Asparagi, posito quos legit vilica f uso ;
Grandia praeterea tortoque calentia faeno 70
Ova adsunt ipsis cum matribus, et servatae
Parte anni, quales fuerant in vitibus, uvae,
Signinum Syriumque pirum, de corbibus isdem
Aemula Picenis et odoris mala recentis,
Nee metuenda tibi, siccatum frigore postquam 75
Autumnum et crudi posuere pericula suci.
Haec olim nostri iam luxuriosa senatus
65. effugientem Pa>, ct fugientem s Priscian. 6*7. vel/>, . . . P, nee
s. 58. si P, sed pv. 63. missis P.
SATURA XI. 65
Cena f uit : Curius, parvo quae legerat horto,
Ipse focis brevibus ponebat holuscula, quae nunc
Squalidus in magna fastidit compede fossor, 80
Qui meminit, calidae sapiat quid vulva popinae.
Sicci terga suis, rara pendentia crate,
Moris erat quondam festis servare diebus
Et natalicium cognatis ponere lardum,
Accedente nova, si quam dabat hostia, carne. 85
Cognatorum aliquis, titulo ter consulis atque
Castrorum imperiis et dictatoris honore
Functus, ad has epulas solito maturius ibat,
Erectum domito referens a monte ligonem.
Cum tremerent autem Fabios durumque Catonem 90
Et Scauros et Fabricium, postremo severos
Censoris mores etiam collega timeret,
Nemo inter curas et seria duxit habendam,
Qualis in Oceano fluctu testudo nataret,
Clarum Troiugenis factura et nobile fulcrum ; 95
Sed nudo latere et parvis frons aerea lectis
Vile coronati caput ostendebat aselli,
Ad quod lascivi ludebant ruris alumni.
Tales ergo cibi, qualis domus atque supellex.
Tune rudis et Graias mirari nescius artes 100
Urbibus eversis praedarum in parte reperta
Magnorum artificum frangebat pocula miles,
Ut phaleris gauderet equus caelataque cassis
Romuleae simulacra ferae mansuescere iussae
Imperii fato, geminos sub rupe Quirinos, 105
Ac nudam effigiem clipeo venientis et hasta
81. sapiat quid pa>, sapiat qui P. 91. Fabricium P, Fabricios u,
postremo P, rigidique w. 93. habendam P, habendum pta. 94. oceano
y, oceana P, oceani pta. 99. delebat Hdnrich. 100. rudis pa, ruris P.
QQ D. IUN. IUVENALIS
Peadentisque del perituro ostenderet hosti.
Ponebant igitnr Tusco farrata catino ;
Argenti quod erat, soils fulgebat in armis.
Omnia tune, quibus invideas, si lividulus sis. 110
Templorum quoque maiestas praesentior et vox
Nocte fere media mediamque audita per urbem,
Litore ab Oceani Gallis venieutibus et dis
Officium vatis peragentibus ; his monuit nos,
Hanc rebus Latiis curam praestare solebat 115
Fictilis et nullo violatus luppiter auro.
Ilia domi natas nostraque ex arbore mensas
Tempora viderunt ; hos lignum stabat ad usus,
Annosam si forte nucem deiecerat Eurus.
At mine divitibus eenandi nulla voluptas, 120
Nil rhombus, nil dam ma sapit, putere videntur
Unguenta atque rosae, latos nisi sustinet orbes
Grande ebur et magno sublimis pardus hiatu,
Dentibus ex illis, quos mittit porta Syenes
Et Mauri celeres et Mauro obscurior Indus, 125
Et quos deposuit Nabataeo belua saltu,
lam nimios capitique graves. Hinc surgit orexis,
Hinc stomacho vires ; nam pes argenteus illis,
Auulus in digito quod ferreus. Ergo superbum
Convivam caveo, qui me sibi comparet et res 130
Despicit exiguas. Adeo nulla uncia nbbis
.Est eboris, nee tessellae, nee calculus ex hac
Materia quin ipsa manubria cultellorum
Ossea; non tamen his ulla umquam obsonia fiunt
Hancidula, aut ideo peior gallina secatur. 135
Sed nee s'tructor erit, cui cedere debeat omnis
109. orn. j. 110. tune in qtiibus P rasa in. 118. hos w, hoc P.
130. coroparet PS, comparat w. 136. cedere po>, credere P.
SAT UK A XI. 67
Pergula, discipulus Trypheri doctoris, apnd quern
Sumine cum inagno lupus atque aper et pygargus
Et Scythicac volucres et phoenicopterus ingens
Et Gaetulus oryx hebeti lautissima ferro 140
Caeditur et tota sonat ulmea cena Subura.
Nee frustum capreae subducere nee latus Afrae
Novit avis noster, tirunculus ac rudis omni
Tempore et exiguae furtis inbutus ofellae.
Plebeios calices et paucis assibus emptos 145
Porriget incultus puer atque a f rigore tutus ;
Non Phryx aut Lycius, non a mangone petitus
Quisquam erit : in magno cum posces, posce Latine.
Idem habitus cunctis, tonsi rectique capilli
Atque hodie tantum propter convivia pexi. 150
Pastoris duri bic est filius, ille bubulci.
Suspirat longo non visam tempore matiem,
Et casulam et notos tristis desiderat haedos,
Ingenui vultus puer ingenuique pudoris,
Quales esse decet, quos ardeiis purpura vestit. 155
Hie tibi vina dabit diffusa in montibus illis, is
A quibus ipse venit, quorum sub vertice lusit ; 1GO
Namque una atque eadem est vini patria atque ministri. iei
Nostra dabunt alios hodie convivia ludos : in
Conditor Iliados cantabitur atque Maronis 180
AHisoni dubiam facientia carmina palmam.
Quid refert, tales versus qua voce legantur?
Sed mine dilatis averte negotia curis '
Et gratam requiem dona tibi : quando licebat
Per totum cessare diem ? non faenoris ulla 185
142. capreae puS, caprae P. 147. non magno ddebat Quietus.
148. in magno PSs, et magno o>. 161. delebat Markland. 180. condi-
tor f, nova s.
SATURA XIII. 77
Imperium aut Sicula torvus cum coniuge Pluton, 50
Nee rota, nee Furiae, nee saxurn aut vulturis atri
Poeua; sed infernis hilares sine regibus umbrae.
Inprobitas illo fuit admirabilis aevo,
Credebant quo grande nefas et morte piandum,
Si iuvenis vetulo non adsurrexerat et si 55
Barbato cuicumque puer, licet ipse videret
Plura domi fraga et maiores glandis acervos.
Tarn venerabile erat praecedere quattuor annis,
Primaque par adeo sacrae lanugo senectae !
Nunc, si depositum non infitietur amicus, 60
Si reddat veterem cum tota aerugine follem,
Prodigiosa fides et Tuscis digna libellis,
Quaeque coronata lustrari debeat agna.
Egregium sanctumque virum si cerno, bimembri
Hoc monstrum puero et miranti sub aratro 65
Piscibus inventis et fetae compare mulae,
Sollicitus, tamquam lapides effuderit imber
Examenque apium longa consederit uva
Culmine delubri, tamquam in mare fluxerit amnis
Gurgitibus miris et lactis vertice torrens. 70
Intercepta decem quere'ris sestertia fraude
Sacrilega? quid si bis centum perdidit alter
Hoc arcana modo? maiorem tertius ilia
Summam, quam patulae vix ceperat angulus arcae?
Tarn facile et pronum est superos contemnere testes, 75
Si mortalis idem nemo sciat ! Aspice quanta
Voce neget, quae sit ficti constantia vultus :
Per Solis radios Tarpeiaque fulmina iurat
Et Martis frameam et Cirrhaei spicula vatis,
58. turn Tahn. 65. et P, vel />, aut i ; miranti ps, mirandis Ps, mi-
rantis s. 70. miniis Porson.
78 D. IUN. IUVENALIS
Per calamos venatricis pharetramque puellae, 80
Perque tuum, pater Aegaei Neptune, tridentem;
Addit et Uerculeos arcus hastamque Miuervae,
Quidquid habent telorum armamentaria caeli.
Si vero et pater est, " Comedam," inquit, " flebile nati
Sinciput elixi Pharioque madentis aceto." 85
Sunt in Fortunae qui casibus omnia ponant
Et nullo credant mundum rectore moveri,
Natura volvente vices et lucis et anni,
Atque ideo intrepidi quaecumque altaria tangunt.
Est alius metuens ne crimen poena sequatur ; 90
Hie putat esse decs et peierat, atque ita secum :
" Decernat, quodcumque volet, de corpore nostro
Isis et irato feriat mea lumina sistro,
Dummodo vel caecus teneam quos abnego nummos.
Et phthisis et vomicae putres et dimidium crus 95
Sunt tanti. Pauper locupletem optare podagram
Nee dubitet Ladas, si non eget Anticyra nee
Archigene ; quid enim velocis gloria plantae
Praestat et esuriens Pisaeae ramus olivae ?
Ut sit magna, tamen certe lenta ira deorum est : 100
Si curant igitur cunctos punire riocentes,
Quando ad me venient ? Sed et exorabile numen
Fortasse experiar ; solet his ignoscere ; multi
Committunt eadem diverse crimina fato ;
Ille crucem sceleris pretium tulit, hie diadema." 105
Sic animum dirae trepidum formidine culpoe
Confirmat ; tune te sacra ad delubra vocantem
Praecedit, trahere immo ultro ac vexare paratus.
Nam cum magna malae superest audacia causae,
90. damnarat lahn. 107. confirmat Ss, confirmant Pu; ad pw,
ac Ps.
SATURA XIII. 79
Creditur a multis fiducia. Mimum agit ille, 110
Urbani qualem fugitivus scurra Catulli.
Tu miser exclamas, ut Steutora vincere possis,
Vel potius quantum Gradivus Homericus : " Audis,
luppiter, haec, nee labra moves, cum mittere vocem
Debueris vel marmoreus vel aheneus? aut cur 115
In carbone tuo charta pia tura soluta
Ponimus et sectum vituli iecur albaque porci
Omenta? Ut video, nullum discrimen habendum est
Effigies inter vestras statuamque Vagelli."
Accipe, quae contra valeat solacia ferre 120
Et qui nee Cynicos, nee Stoica dogmata legit
A Cynicis tunica distantia, non Epicurum
Suspicit exigui laetum plantaribus horti.
Curentur dubii medicis maioribus aegri,
Tu venam vel discipulo committe Philippi. 125
Si nullum in terris tarn detestabile factum
Ostendis, taceo, nee pugnis caedere pectus
Te veto nee plana faciem contundere palma;
Quandoquidem accepto claudenda est ianua damno,
Et maiore domus gemitu, maiore tumultu 130
Planguntur nummi, quam f unera. Nemo dolorem
Fingit in hoc casu, vestem diducere summam
Contentus, vexare oculos umore coacto :
Ploratur lacrimis amissa pecunia veris.
Sed si cuncta vides simili fora plena querella, 135
Si deciens lectis diversa parte tabellis
Vana supervacui dicunt chirographa ligni,
Arguit ipsorum quos littera gemmaque princeps
Sardonychum, loculis quae custoditur eburnis :
Ten', delicias ! extra communia censes 140
182. diducere P, deducere .
't
80 f>. IUN. IUVENALIS
Ponendum, quia tu gallinae filius albae,
Nos viles pulli, nati infelicibus ovis?
Item pateris modicam et mediocri bile ferendam,
Si flectas oculos niaiora ad crimiiia. Confer
Conductum latronem, incendia sulpure coepta 145
Atque dolo, primes cum ianua colligit ignes ;
Confer et hos, veteris qui tollunt grandia templi
Pocula adorandae robiginis et populorum
Dona vel antiquo positas a rege coronas.
Haec ibi si non sunt, minor extat sacrilegus, qui 150
Radat inaurati femur Herculis et faciem ipsam
Neptuni, qui bratteolam de Castore ducat ;
An dubitet, solitus totum conflare Tonantem?
Confer et artifices mercatoremque veneni,
Et deducendum corio bovis in mare, cum quo 155
Clauditur adversis innoxia simia fatis.
Haec quota pars scelerum, quac custos Gallicus urbis
Usque a lucifero, donee lux occidat, audit?
Humani generis mores tibi nosse volenti
Sufficit una domus ; paucos consume dies, et 160
Dicere te miserum, postquam illinc veneris, aude.
Quis tumidum guttur miratur in Alpibus? aut quis
In Meroe crasso maiorem infante mamillam ?
Caerula quis stupuit German! lumina, flavam
Caesariem et madido torquentem cornua cirro? 165
Nempe quod haec illis natura est omnibus una.
Ad subitas Thracum volucres nubemque sonoram
Pygmaeus parvis currit bellator in armis,
Mox impar hosti raptusque per aera curvis
Unguibus a saeva fertur grue. Si videas hoc 170
Gentibus in nostris, risu quatiare ; sed illic,
141. quia Po>, quid ? Heinrich. 147. veteres P.
SATURA XIII. 81
Quamquam eadem adsidue spectentur proclia, ridet
Nemo, ubi tota cohors pede non est altior uno.
" Nullane peiuri capitis fraudisque nefandae
Pocna erit?" Abreptum crede hunc graviore catena 175
Protinus et nostro quid plus velit ira? necari
Arbitrio ; manet ilia tamen iactura, nee umquam
Uepositum tibi sospes erit, sed corpore trunco
Invidiosa dabit minimus solacia sanguis.
" At vindicta bonum vita iucundius ipsa."- 180
Nempe hoc indocti, quorum praecordia nullis
Interdum aut levibus videas flagrantia causis :
Quantulacumque adeo est occasio, sufficit irae.
Chrysippus non dicet idem nee mite Thaletis
Ingenium dulcique senex vicinus Hymetto, 185
Qui partem acceptae saeva inter vincla cicutae
Accusatori nollet dare. Plurima felix
Paulatim vitia atque errores exuit, omnes
Prima docet rectum sapientia ; quippe minuti
Semper et infirmi est animi exiguique voluptas 190
Ultio : continuo sic collige, quod vindicta
Nemo magis gaudet, quam femina. Cur tamen hos tu
Evasisse ptites, quos diri conscia facti
Mens habet attonitos et surdo verbere caedit
Occultum quatiente animo tortore flagellum? 195
Poena autem vehemens ac multo saevior illis,
Quas et Caedicius gravis invenit et Rhadamanthus,
Nocte dieque suum gestare in pectore testem.
Spartano cuidam respondit Pythia vates,
Hand inpunitum quondam fore, quod dubitaret 200
Depositum retinere et fraudem iure tueri
174. peiuri PS. 183. damnarat lahn. 187. Plurima sapientia
delebat Guietus. 188. exuit, onmes Jluechcler, exuit omnes, o/t't.
82 D. IUN. IUVENALIS
lurando ; quaerebat enim quae numinis esset
Mens, et an hoc illi facinus suaderet Apollo.
Reddidit ergo metu, non moribus ; et tamen omnem
Vocem adyti dignam templo veramqne probavit, 205
Extinctus tota pariter cum prole domoque
Et quamvis longa deductis gente propinquis.
Has patitur poenas peccandi sola voluntas ;
Nam scelus intra se taciturn qui cogitat ullum,
Facti crimen habet : cedo, si conata peregit ! 210
Perpetua anxietas nee meiisae tempore cessat,
Faucibus ut morbo siccis interque molares
Difficili crescente cibo ; sed vina misellus
Expuit, Albani veteris pretiosa senectus
Displicet; ostendas melius, densissima ruga 215
Cogitur in frontem, velut acri ducta Falerno.
Nocte brevem si forte iudulsit cura soporem
Et toto versata toro iam membra quiescunt,
Continuo templum et violati numinis aras
Et, quod praecipuis mentem sudoribus urguet, 220
Te videt in somnis ; tua sacra et maior imago
Humana turbat pavidum cogitque fateri.
Hi sunt, qui trepidant et ad omnia fulgura pallent,
Cum tonat, exanimes, primo quoque murmure caeli ;
Non quasi fortuitus nee ventorum rabie, sed 225
Iratus cadat in terras et iudicet ignis.
Ilia nihil nocuit : cura graviore timetur
Proxima tempestas, velut hoc dilata sereno.
Praeterea, lateris vigili cum febre dolorem
Si .coepere pati, missum ad sua corpora morbum 230
Infesto credunt a numine ; saxa deorum
208. sola w, sacva P; voluptaa P. 213. sed vina PSw, Setina Here-
lius. 226. iudicet Pw, vindicet $.
SATURA XIII.
83
Haec et tela putant. Pecudem spondcre sacello
Balaiitem et Laribus cristam promittcre galli
Non audent ; quid eniin sperarc nocentibus aegris
Concessum? vel quae non dignior hostia vita? 235
Mobilis et varia est ferme natura malorum.
Cum scelus admittunt, superest constantia ; quod fas
Atque nefas tandem incipiunt sentire, peractis
Criminibus. Tamen ad mores natura recurrit
Damnatos, fixa et mutari nescia. Nam quis 240
Peccandi finem posuit sibi ? quando recepit
Eiectum semel attrita de f ronte ruborem ?
Quisnarn hominum est quern tu contentum videris uno
Flagitio ? dabit in laqueum vestigia noster
Perfidus et nigri patietur carceris uncum 245
Aut maris Aegaei rupem scopulosque frequentes
Exulibus magnis. Poena gaudebis amara
Nominis invisi, tandemque fatebere laetus,
Nee surdum nee Tiresian quemquam esse deorum.
236. damnarat lahn ; fermentatura P. 237. quod P, animis P. 34. spernant /*,
sperant PS, speraent j, spernunt j. 43. umquam P, usquam pw. 46.
pater Pi, puer j. 48. ne j, nee Pw.
86 1*. IUN. IUVENALIS
Omnia deterius tua per vestigia peccet,
Corripies nimirum et castigabis acerbo
Clamore ac post haec tabiilas mutare parabis. 55
Unde tibi f ronteni libertatemque parentis,
Cum facias peiora senex, vacuumque cerebro
lam pridem caput hoc ventosa cucurbita quaerat?
Hospite venturo, cessabit nemo tuorum.
"Verre pavimentum, nitidas ostende columnas, 60
Arida cum tota descendat aranea tela,
Hie leve argentum, vasa aspera tergeat alter " :
Vox domini furit instantis virgamque tenentis.
Ergo miser trepidas, ne stercore foeda canino
Atria displiceant oculis venientis amici, 65
Ne perfusa luto sit portions ; et tamen imo
Semodio scobis huec emendat servulus unus :
Illud non agitas, ut sanctam filius omni
Aspiciat sine labe donium vitioque carentem?
Gratum est, quod patriae civem populoque dedisti, 70
Si facis ut patriae sit idoneus, utilis agris,
Utilis et bellorum et pacis rebus agendis.
Plurimum enim intererit, quibus artibus et quibus hunc tu
Moribus instituas. Serpente ciconia pullos
Nutrit et inventa per devia rura lacerta : 75
Illi eadem sumptis quaerunt animalia pinnis.
Vultur iumento et canibus crucibusque relictis
Ad fetus properat partemque cadaveris adfert :
Hie est ergo cibus magni quoque vulturis et se
Pascentis, propria cum iam facit arbore nidos. 80
Sed leporem aut capream famulae lovis et generosae
In saltu venantur aves, hinc praeda cubili
Ponitur : inde autem cum se matura levarit
$2. haec Lachmann. 83. levarit j, levaret P. levavit Priscian, levabit a>.
SATURA XIV. 87
Progenies stimulante fame, festinat ad illam
Quam primum praedatn rupto gustaverat ovo. 85
Aedificator erat Cretonius et modo curvo
Litore Caietae, summa nunc Tiburis arce,
Nunc Praenestinis in montibus alta parabat
Culmina villarum, Graecis longeque petitis
Marrnoribus vincens Fortunae atque Herculis aedem, 00
Ut spado vincebat Capitolia nostra Posides.
Dum sic ergo habitat Cretonius, imminuit rem,
Fregit opes ; nee parva tamen mensura relictae
Partis erat : totam hanc turbavit filius amens,
Dum meliore novas attollit marmore villas. 95
Quidam sortiti metuentem sabbata patrem
Nil praeter nubes et caeli nurnen adorant,
Nee distare putant humana carne suillam,
Qua pater abstinuit.
Romanas autem soliti contemnere leges 100
ludaicum ediscunt et servant ac metuunt ius,
Tradidit arcano quodcumque volumine Moyses,
Non monstrare vias eadem nisi sacra colenti,
Quaesitum ad fontem solos deducere verpos.
Sed pater in causa, ctii septima quaeque fuit lux 105
Ignava et partem vitae non attigit ullam.
Sponte tamen iuvenes imitantur cetera : solam
Inviti quoque avaritiam exercere iubentur.
Fallit enim vitium specie virtutis et umbra,
Cum sit triste habitu vultuque et veste severum 110
Nee dubie tamquam f rugi laudetur avarus,
Tamquam parcus homo et rerum tutela suarum
Certa magis, quam si for tunas servet easdem
Hesperidum serpens aut Ponticus. Adde quod hunc, de
91. Posides JDW, possidcus P. 111. laudetur / J , laudatur o>. 118. quasi/*.
gg D. 1UN. 1UVENALIS
Quo loquor, egregium populus putat adquirendi 115
Artificem ; quippe his crescunt patrimonia fabris ;
Sed crescunt quocumque modo, maioraque fiunt
Incude adsidua semperque ardente camino.
Et pater ergo animi felices credit avaros,
Qui miratur opes, qui nulla exempla beati 120
Pauperis esse putat, iuvenes hortatur, ut ilia
Ire via pergant et eidem incumbere sectae.
Sunt quaedam vitiorum elementa : his protinus illos
Inbuit et cogit minimas ediscere sordes,
Mox adquirendi docet insatiabile votum. 125
Servorum ventres modio castigat iniquo,
Ipse quoque esuriens ; neque enim omnia sustinet umquam
Mucida caerulei panis consumere frusta,
Hesternum solitus medio servare minutal
Septembri, nee non differre in tempora cenae 130
Al terms conchem aestivam cum parte lacerti
Signatam vel dimidio putrique siluro,
Filaque sectivi numerata includere porri :
Invitatus ad haec aliquis de ponte negabit.
Sed quo divitias haec per tormenta coactas, 135
Cum furor haud dubius, cum sit manifesta phrenesis,
Ut locuples moriaris, egentis vivere f ato ?
Interea pleno cum turget sacculus ore,
Crescit amor nummi, quantum ipsa pecunia crevit,
Et minus hanc optat qui non habet. Ergo paratur 140
Altera villa tibi, cum rus non sufficit unum,
Et proferre libet fines, maiorque videtur
Et melior vicina seges : mercaris et hanc et
Arbusta et densa montem qui canet oliva.
117. damnarat lahn. 119. felices P, felicis pu. 120. cum cum
Weidner. 121. illam o>. 122. viam o>. 125. damnarat lahn. 128.
frusta pa, frustra P. 131. aestivam P, aestivi jow.
SATUBA XIV. 89
Quorum si pretio dominus non vincitur ullo, 145
Nocte boves macri htssoque fameliea collo
lumenta ad virides huius mittentur aristas;
Nee prius inde domum, quain tota novalia saevos
In ventres abeant, ut credas falcibus actum.
Dicere vix possis, quam multi talia plorent, 150
Et quot venales iniuria fecerit agros.
Sed qui sermones, quam foede bucina famae !
" Quid nocet haec ? " inquit ; " tunicam mihi malo lupini,
Quam si me toto laudet vicinia pago
Exigui ruris paucissima farra secantem." 155
Scilicet et morbis et debilitate carebis,
Et luctum et curam effugies, et tempora vitae
Longa tibi posthac fato meliore dabuntur,
Si tantum culti solus possederis agri,
Quantum sub Tatio populus Romanus arabat. 160
Mox etiam fractis aetate ac Punica passis
Proelia vel Pyrrhum immanem gladiosque Molossos
Tandem pro multis vix iugera bina dabantur
Vulneribus : merces haec sanguinis atque laboris
Nullis visa umquam meritis minor, aut ingratae 165
Curta fides patriae. Saturabat glebula talis
Patrem ipsum turbamque casae, qua feta iacebat
TJxor et infantes ludebant quattuor, unus
Vernula, tres domini ; sed magnis f ratribus horum
A scrobe vel sulco redeuntibus altera cena 170
Amplior et grandes fumabant pultibus ollae.
Nunc modus hie agri nostro non sufficit horto.
Inde fere scelerum causae ; nee plura venena
Miscuit aut ferro grassatur saepius ullum
Humanae mentis vitium, quam saeva cupido 175
147. nritentur (mittentur) 1's, mittuntur &>. 152. foede /'. foedae u>.
90 i>. 1UN.
Iramodici census. Nam dives qui fieri vult,
Et cito vult fieri ; sed quae reverentia legum,
Quis metus aut pudor est umquam properantis avari ?
" Vivite contenti casulis et collibus istis,
"0 pueri ! " Marsus dicebat et Hernicus olim 180
Vestinusque senex : u panem quaeramus aratro,
Qui satis est mensis ; laudant hoc numina ruris,
Quorum ope et auxilio gratae post munus aristae
Contingunt homini veteris fastidia quercus.
Nil vetitum fecisse volet, quein non pudet alto 185
Per glaciem perone tegi, qui summovet Euros
Pellibus inversis ; peregrina ignotaque nobis
Ad scelus atque nefas, quaecumque est, purpura ducit."
Haec illi veteres praecepta minoribus : at nunc
Post finem autumni media de nocte supinum 190
Clamosus iuvenem pater excitat : " Accipe ceras,
Scribe, puer, vigila, causas age, perlege rubras
Maiorum leges aut vitem posce libello.
Sed caput intactum buxo naresque pilosas
Adnotet et grandes miretur Laelius alas. 195
Dirue Maurorum attegias, castella Brigantum,
Ut locupletem aquilam tibi sexagesimus annus
Adferat ; aut, longos castrorum ferre labores
Si piget et trepidum solvunt tibi cornua ventrem
Cum lituis audita, pares quod vendere possis . 200
Pluris dimidio, nee te fastidia mercis
Ullius subeant ablegandae Tiberim ultra,
Neu credas ponendum aliquid discriminis inter
Unguenta et corium. Lucri bonus est odor ex re
Qualibet. Ilia tuo sententia semper in ore 205
Versetur, dis atque ipso love digna poeta :
182. ruris pta, roris P. 199. trepidum Pj, trepido jxa.
SATURA XIV. 91
' Unde habeas qtiaerit nemo, sed oportet habere ' : "
Hoc monstrant vetulae pueris repentibus assae,
Hoc discunt omnes ante alpha et beta puellae.
Talibus instantem monitis quemcumque parentem 210
Sic possem adfari : " Die, vanissime, quis te
Festinare iubet? meliorem praesto magistro
Discipulum. Securus abi ; vinceris, ut Aiax
Praeteriit Telamonem, ut Pelea vicit Achilles.
Parcendum est teneris, nondum implevere medullas ; 215
Naturae mala nequitia est. Cum pectere barbam
Coeperit et longi mucronem admittere cultri,
Falsus erit testis, vendet periuria summa
Exigua et Cereris tangens aramque pedemque.
Elatam iam crede nurum, si limina vestra 220
Mortifera cum dote subit : quibus ilia premetur
Per somnum digitis ! nam quae terraque marique
Adquirenda putas, brevior via conferet illi :
Nullus enim magni sceleris labor. ' Haec ego numquam
Mandavi,' dices olim, ' nee talia suasi.' 225
Mentis causa malae tamen est et origo penes te.
Nam quisquis magni census praecepit amorem,
Et laevo monitu pueros producit avaros,
Et qui per fraudes patrimonia conduplicare,
Dat libertatem et totas effundit habenas 230
Curriculo ; quern si revoces, subsistere nescit
Et te contempto rapitur metisque relictis.
Nemo satis credit tantum delinquere, quantum
Permittas ; adeo indulgent sibi latius ipsi.
Cum dicis iuveni stultum qui donet amico, 235
208, 209. damnarat lahn. 216. naturae Pu, maturae s - , nequitia
est cum P, nequitiae cum />, ncquitiae ast cum j. 217. longi /*, longe
P. 229. damnarat lahn ; conduplicandi Weidner,
92 D. IUN. IUVBNALIS
Qui paupertatem levet attollatque propinqui,
Et spoliare doces et circumscribere et omni
Crimine divitias adquirere, quarum amor in te
Quantus erat patriae Deciorum in pectore, quantum
Dilexit Thebas, si Graecia vera, Menoeceus ; 240
In quorum sulcis legiones dentibus anguis
Cum clipeis nascuntur et horrida bella capessunt
Continue, tamquam et tubicen surrexerit una.
Ergo ignem, cuins scintillas ipse dedisti,
Flagrantem late et rapientem cuncta videbis ; 245
Nee tibi parcetur misero, trepidumque magistrum
In cavea magno fremitu leo toilet alumnus.
Nota mathematicis genesis tua ; sed grave tardas
Expectare colus : morieris stamine nondum
Abrupto. lam nunc obstas et vota moraris, 250
lam torquet iuvenem longa et cervina senectus.
Ocius Archigenen quaere atque erne quod Mithridates
Composuit, si vis aliam decerpere ficum
Atque alias tractare rosas. Medicamen habeiidum est,
Sorbere'ante cibum quod debeat et pater et rex." 255
Monstro voluptatem egregiam, cui nulla theatra,
Nulla aequare queas praetoris pulpita lauti,
Si spectes, quanto capitis discrimine constent
Incrementa domus, aerata multus in area
Fiscus et ad vigilem ponendi Castora nummi, 260
Ex quo Mars Ultor galeam quoque perdidit et res
Non potuit servare suas. Ergo omnia Florae
Et Cereris licet et Cybeles aulaea relinquas ;
Tanto maiores humana negotia ludi.
An magis oblectant an i mum iactata petauro 265
241. quorum /', quarum j. 255. sorbere ante />, sorbere et ante
Ps.
SATURA XIV. 93
Corpora quique solet rectum descendere funem,
Quain tu, Corycia semper qui puppe moraris
Atque habitas, Coro semper tollendus ct Austro,
Perditus ac vilis sacci mercator olentis,
Qui gaudes pingue antiquae de litore Cretae 270
Passum et municipes lovis advexisse lagonas?
Hie tamen ancipiti figens vestigia planta
Victum ilia mercede parat brumamque famemque
Ilia reste cavet : tu propter mille talenta
Et centum villas temerarius. Aspice portus 275
Et plenum magnis trabibus mare : plus hominum est iam
In pelago ; veniet classis, quocumque vocarit
Spes lucri, nee Carpathium Gaetulaque tantum
Aequora transiliet, sed longe Calpe relicta
Audiet Herculeo stridentem gurgite solem. 280
Grande operae pretium est ut tenso folle reverti
Inde domum possis, tumidaque superbus aluta
Oceani monstra et iuvenes vidisse marines.
Non unus mentes agitat furor : ille sororis
In manibus vultu Eumenidum terretur et igni, 285
Hie bove percusso mugire Agamemnona credit
Aut Ithacum ; parcat tunicis licet atque lacernis,
Curatoris eget, qui navem mercibus implet
Ad summum latus et tabula distinguitur unda,
Cum sit causa mali tanti et discriminis huius 290
Concisum argentum in titulos faciesque minutas.
Occurrunt nubes et f ulgura : " Solvite f uiaem,"
Frumenti dominus clamat piperisve coempti :
" Nil color hie caeli, nil fascia nigra minatur ;
Aestivum tonat." Infelix hac forsitan ipsa 295
Nocte cadit fractis trabibus, fluctuque premetur
286. torretur p. 296. cadit P, cadet w.
94 D- 1UN. 1UVENALIS
Obrutus et zonam laeva morsuque tenebit.
Sed cuius votis rnodo non suffecerat aurum,
Quod Tagus et rutila volvit Pactolus harena,
Frigida sufficient velantis inguina panni 300
Exiguusque cibus, mersa rate naufragus assem
Dum rogat et picta se tempestate tuetur.
Tantis parta mails cura maiore metuque
Servantur. Misera est magni custodia census !
Dispositis praedives amis vigilare cohortem 305
Servorum noctu Licinus iubet, attonitus pro
Electro signisque suis Phrygiaque columna
Atque ebore et lata testudine. Dolia nudi
Non ardent Cynici ; si f regeris, altera fiet
Cras domus, atque eadem plumbo commissa manebit. 310
Sensit Alexander, testa cum vidit in ilia
Magnum habitatorem, quanto felicior hie qui
Nil cuperet, quam qui totum sibi posceret orbem,
Passurus gestis aequanda pericula rebus.
Nullum numen habes, si sit prudentia ; nos te, 315
Nos facimus, Fortuna, deam. Mensura tamen quae
Sufficiat census, si quis me consulat, edam :
In quantum sitis atque fames et frigora poscunt,
Quantum, Epicure, tibi parvis suffecit in hortis,
Quantum Socratici ceperunt ante penates. 320
Numquam aliud natura, aliud sapientia dicit.
Acribus exemplis videor te cludere ? misce
Ergo aliquid nostris de moribus, effice summam,
Bis septem ordinibus quam lex dignatur Othonis.
Haec quoque si rugam trahit extenditque labellum, 325
Sume duos equites, fac tertia quadringenta.
Si nondum implevi gremium, si panditur ultra,
315. babes Pu, abest j. 319. suffecit p, ventribus Valetivs. 107. quidam P t
quaedamjpw. 114. Zacynthos P, Saguntus a.
SATURA XV. 101
Plorare ergo iubet causam dicentis amici
Squaloremque rei, pupillum ad iura vocantem 135
Circumscriptorem, ouius manantia fletu
Ora puellares faciunt incerta capilli.
Naturae imperio gemimus, cum funus adultae
Virginis ocourrit vel terra clauditur infans
Et minor igne rogi ; quis enim bonus et face dignus 140
Arcana, qualem Cereris vult esse sacerdos,
Ulla aliena sibi credit mala ? Separat hoc nos
A grege mutorum, atque ideo venerabile soli
Sortiti ingenium, divinorumque capaces,
Atque exercendis capiendisque artibus apti 145
Sensum a caelesti demissum traximus arce,
Cuius egent prona et terram spectantia. Mundi
Principio indulsit communis conditor illis
Tantum animas, nobis animum quoque, inutuus ut nos
Adfectus petere auxilium et praestare iuberet, 150
Disperses trahere in populum, migrare vetusto
De nemore et proavis habitatas linquere silvas,
Aedificare domos, laribus coniungere nostris
Tectum aliud, tutos vicino limine somnos
Ut collata daret fiducia, protegere armis 155
Lapsum aut ingenti nutantem vulnere civem,
Communi dare signa tuba, defendier isdem
Turribus atque una portarum clave teneri.
Sed iam serpentum maior concordia ; parcit
Cognatis maculis similis fera : quando leoni 160
Fortior eripuit vitam leo ? quo nemore umquam
Expiravit aper maioris dentibus apri ?
Indica tigris agit rabida cum tigride pacem
Perpetuam, saevis inter se convenit ursis :
134. causam dicentis P, caaum lugentis s. 142. credit Ps t credat pv.
102
D. IUN. IUVENALIS
Ast homini ferrum letale incude nefanda 165
Produxisse par urn est, cum rastra et sarcula tan turn
Adsueti coquere et marris ac vomere lassi
Nescierint primi gladios extendere fabri.
Aspicimus populos, quorum non sufficit irae
Occidisse aliquem, sed pectora, bracchia, vultum 170
Crediderint genus esse cibi ; quid diceret ergo
Vel quo non fugeret, si nunc haec monstra videret,
Pythagoras, cunctis animalibus abstinuit qui
Tamquam homine, et ventri indulsit non omne legumen ?
174. homine /w, homini P.
Ruins of a Roman camp in Servia.
SATURA XVI.
Quis numerate queat felicis praemia, Galli,
Militiae? nam si subeuntur prospera castra,
Me pavidum excipiat tironem porta secundo
Sidere. Plus etenim fati valet hora benigni,
Quam si nos Veneris commendet epistula Marti 5
Et Samia genetrix quae delectatur harena.
Commoda tractemus primum communia, quorum
Haud minimum illud erit, ne to pulsare togatus
Audeat, immo etsi pulsetur, dissimulet, nee
Audeat excussos praetori ostendere dentes 10
Et nigram in facie tumidis livoribus offam
Atque oculum medico nil promittente relictum.
Bardaicus index datur haec pifnire volenti,
Calceus et grandes magua ad subsellia surae,
Legibus antiquis castrorum et more Camilli 15
Servato, miles ne vallum litiget extra
Et procul a signis. lustissima centurionum
Cognitio est igitur do milite, nee mihi derit
1. Galli P, Ga!le/>a>. 2. nam si Pee, quod si Priscian, ante ,? lacunam
statuerat lahn. 12. oculur.i P, oculos ; relictos />, relictum . P.
IQ4. D. 1UN. 1UVENALIS
Ultio, si iustae defertur causa querellae ;
Tota tamen chors est inimica, omnesqvie manipli 20
Consensu magno eificiunt, curabilis ut sit
Vindicta et gravior quam iniuria. Dignum erit ergo
Declamatoris mulino corde Vagelli,
Cum duo crura habeas, offendere tot caligas, tot
Milia clavorum. Quis tarn procul absit ab urbe 25
Praeterea, quis tarn Pylades, molem aggeris ultra
Ut veniat ? lacrimae siccentur protinus, et se
Excusaturos non sollicitemus amicos.
*' Da testem," iudex cum dixerit, audeat ille
Nescio quis, pugnos qui vidit, dicere " Vidi " : 30
Et credam dignum barba dignumque capillis
Maiorum. Citius falsum producere testem
Contra paganum possis, quam vera loquentem
Contra fortunam armati contraque pudorem.
Praemia nunc alia atque alia emolumenta notemus 35
Sacramentorum. Convallem ruris aviti
Improbus aut campum mihi si vicinus ademit,
Et sacrum effodit medio de limite saxum,
Quod mea cum patulo coluit puls annua libo,
Debitor aut sumptos pergit non reddere nummos, 40
Vana supervacui dicens chirographa ligni :
Expectandus erit qui lites inchoet annus
Totius populi ; sed tune quoque mille ferenda
Taedia, mille morae : totiens subsellia tantum
Sternuntur ; iam facundo ponente lacernas 45
Caedicio, parati
Digredimur, lentaque fori pugnamus, harena.
Ast illis, quos arma tegunt et balteus ambit,
Quod placitum est ipsis praestatur tempus agendi,
20. tamen cohors P, cohors tamen w. 24. caligas tot j, caligatos Ps.
SATURA XVI.
105
Nee res atteritur longo sufflaraine litis. 50
Solis praeterea testandi militibus ius
Vivo patre datur ; nam, quae sunt parta labore
Militiae, placuit non esse in corpore census,
Omne tenet cuius regimen pater. Ergo Coranum,
Signorum comitem castrorumque aera merentem, 55
Quamvis iam tremulus captat pater. Hunc favor aequus
Provehit et pulchro reddit sua dona labori.
Ipsius certe ducis hoc referre videtur,
Ut, qui fortis erit, sit felicissimus idem,
Ut laeti phaleris omnes et torquibus omnes 60
66. favor Ruperti, labor PVO-VO!-TAVBSIA-OSA>r--
-SV8ICII-uHNE-1.0VCAHA-OPSIOeSavE-AeOOVC'T
NOTES
THK 8TA
INTRODUCTION. The reference
shows that the satire was not writU
Juvenal first gives his reasons
wearisome accounts of mythological
venge by giving his tormentor* sometL
why he chooses the field of satire : the eo.
and wealth rule society, forces an earnes
rather than the past. He will take human .
theme ; these passions were never more openly
in Rome, when gambling, gluttony, and avarice
subject may demand more audacity than he posses,
deal with the living, he may at least attack the vices 01
1. Auditor tantum, a mere listener. The practice of giving reau
one's own poems (introduced by Asinius Pollio about 100 B. c.) had *
very common and, to most people, very disagreeable. The younger Ph.
however, seems to have enjoyed it. Cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 18.
Eeponam, pay backL e., write something of my own for others to
listen to.
2. Band, from so much reading aloud.
Theseide i. e., the story of Theseus, as the Aeneid was the story of
Aeneas. Mythology and hero-stories furnished a rich field for the society
poet.
3. Ergo, then, as often.
Togatas (fabulas). The principal forms of Roman drama were : togatat^
comedies on Roman subjects, in which the characters wore the toga;
palliatae, comedies dealing with Greek life, in whicli the Greek garment,
lied from the toga
to the length of the
Achilles's spear. Cf.
ling; probably summi
t >art of the book was full.
sed of sheets of papyrus
.y one side of each sheet.
Fie. 1. Roman reading.
7. Lucus Martis. Several such groves are mentioned by the ancients'
this may be any one of them.
8. Antrum Vulcani. Vergil VIII, 422, calls Lipara, one of the Aeolian
islands, north of Sicily, Vulcani domus.
9. Agant und the following verbs are subjuuctive in indirect questions,
objects of clamant.
SATIRE 1. HI
10. Aeaous, Minos, and Rhadamanthus were the judges of the dead.
Alius, Jason, wlio went in Hcarcli of the golden fleece. Cf. Ov. Met. VII, 1 fl.
Hi Monychus, in the contest between the Centaurs and the Lapitbae.
Cf. Ov. Met. XII, 510 tf.
12. Frontonis, some rich patron of literature ; perhaps Ti. Catius Fronto,
who defended Mariu-* Priscus. Cf. line 49.
Marmora convulsa, a strong expression of the effect produced by the Vigor-
ous reading. Cf. VII, %,fregit subsellia versu.
13. Adsiduo lectore, almost = the assiduity of the reader / the ablative of
the agent properly requires the preposition ah ; in such cases as this the
stress is laid on the quality expressed by the adjective, not on the person.
14. Cf. Hor. Ep. II. 1, 117. Scribimus indocti doctique poemata passim.
15. Et nos, etc. 2, too, have flinched from the rod, and written compost'
lions, i. e. in these times a common-school education seems to be the only
requisite for a poet; that I have had: why should not I write poems as
well as others 1
18. Oonsilium, etc. School themes were often on subjects drawn from
history. This was an address to Sulla advising his abdication.
Altum, used as an adverb. Ct. Pope's " Drink deep, or taste not the
Pierian spring,"
18. Vatibus, used contemptuously, " bards." The dative is indirect
object. "Verbs compounded with certain prepositions take the dative"
only because the combination modifies the original meaning iu such a way
that the resulting verbal phrase (verb -f preposition) requires an indirect
object.
Periturae i. e., sure to be spoiled by some one.
19f Having justified his writing, Juvenal proceeds to justify his writing
satire.
20. Aurnnoae altunnns. Lucilius, the early Roman satirist, was born at
Suessa Aurunca in Campania, 148 u. o. Cf. Hor. Sat. I, 10, 56-74 ; II, 1,
SOff.
21. Si vacat i. e., si vacui estis, if yon are at leisure.
25. Quo tondente, ablative absolute, translate, under whose shears.
Gravis, his beard was gruvis because it brought a certain amount of
gravitas, dignity.
Mihi iuveni, a sort of dative of reference. This line occurs again X, 226.
26. Pars refers to Crispinus.
Verna Oanopi, born and bred at Oanopus, not necessarily a house slave.
Canopus was a city of Egypt, near Alexandria, noted for its profligacy.
27. Orispinus is said to have come to Rome as a fish-peddler, and to have
been made an eques by Domitian.
Umero revocante, he gave a lazy shrug of the shoulder to prevent his
cloak from slipping off.
y
112
NOTES.
28. Aestivum anrmn. The ultra-fashionable Romans had lighter finger-
rings for summer.
30. Batnram. Juvenal seems to use the word with something of the
idea of our satire ; originally it meant medley, and was derived from lanx
satura, a basket of first fruit-offerings.
32, Cansidici, pettifogger. Matho seems to have been well known.
Juvenal mentions him in two other places, and Martial often.
Lectica, Cf. Fig. 2.
Pio. 2. Lectica.
33. Delator, The trade of informer was very profitable as well as very
disreputable. Cf. Tac. Hist. IV, 42.
35. Massa. Baebius M&ssa was procurator of Africa in 70 A. D. He
was accused of extortion (repetundarum}, after his proconsulate in Baetica,
by Herennius Senecio and the younger Pliny.
36. Cams. Mettius Cams was another infamous informer; he secured
the condemnation of Ilerennius Senecio in 73 A. D. Cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 3 ;
VII, 19, 5. Thymele was an actress, Latinus an actor.
46. lecur. The ancients localized various passions in different organs
of the body, for which physiological justification is not wanting. Trans-
late heart. Cf. Hor. Odes 1, 13, 4.
SATIRE I. 113
48. Gregibns. An intentionally undignified word, almost = "gangs."
48. Infamia. Kithcr general = digyr.ice, or special dripta, loss of civil
rights.
49. Ab octava i. e., he began his feasting at the unseemly hour of two
o'clock in the afternoon.
Marios (Priscus) was accused for his extortion in Africa, by Pliny and Taci-
tus, in 100 A. D. He was condemned, but had stolen enough to pay his fine
and live in luxury besides. The province gained its case, but very little else.
51. Venusina lucerna. Horace was born at Venusia, 65 B. o. Cf. Hor.
Sat. II, 1, 34.
Lucerna, perhaps, as most editors think, means " midnight oil " ; it may,
however, as the Scholiast suggests, refer to the light shed by the lamp
of genius.
52. Agitem, drive at, pursue.
Heracleas (fabulas). The plural makes it general.
53. Labyrinth! mugitum i. e., the Minotaur.
54. Puero, Icarus. The preposition is not used, because the unfortunate
boy was not an active agent in the matter.
Fabrum, Daedalus.
68. Ouram, charge, control.
59. Caret follows the perfect donavit naturally, since it denotes a pres-
ent state resulting from past action.
60. Pervolat, flics along.
61. Flaminiam (viam). The great north road leading from
Borne over the pans Mulvius to Ariminum.
Automedon, the charioteer of Achilles. The young man drives
his own chariot. So in the modern tally-ho.
62. Lacernatae, in a man's cloak,
Be iaotaret. Se iactare = to brag, boast, show off.
63. Oeras. The Romans often took notes for temporary use
on wax-contcd tablets, writing with a pointed ivory stylut. Cf.
Figs. 8 and 4.
64. lam sexta cervioe. Ho already has six slaves to bear his
litter, soon he may have eight. yio. 3.
65. Hino atque lode = hinc atque hinc, on thin side and that. Stylus.
Nuda, optn.
66. Seferens, wailling.
Maecenate snpino. Maecenas, the friend and patron of Horace, had a
reputation for effeminacy, which is referred to in the adjective supino.
67i Falso. Siynator retains sufficient verbal force to admit the use of
the adverb.
68. Uda, to prevent it from clinging to the wax.
j9. Galenum (si/nun), wine from Gales in Campania.
8
114
NOTES.
FIG. 4. Writing tablets.
70i Sitiente is probably ablative absolute with eo understood, while viro
is dative. The explanation seems harsh but unavoidable. Note that the
quantity of the in viro prevents it from being mistaken for a form of
virus.
?! Luousta was a famous professional poisoner who killed Claudius to
please Agrippina, and Britannicus to please Nero.
Propinqnas, neighbors.
72, Per famam et popnlum, through (and so in defiance of) the talk of the
people.
Nigros, from fie effect of the poison..
SATIRE I.
115
PIG. 5. Bronze jugs.
Efferre has the special sense, to carry out the bodies of the dead. Cf.
Nepos. Arist. 3, 2.
73. Gyaris, a small desolate island near Andros, one of the Cyclades, to
which criminals were transported.
75. Oriminibus, usually accusations, here probably crimes.
Debent, the subject is
to be supplied.
Praetoria, palaces,
originally the tents of
the commander.
76. Caprum i. e., the
ornaments on the silver-
ware, among which fig-
ures of animals were
common. Cf. Fig. 5.
79. Indignatio, The
o in such words shows
a gradual tendency to
become short.
80. Cluvienus is un-
known, probably some
poor poet 6~f the time, with whom Juvenal, with assumed, modesty, com-
pares himselt.
81. Deucalion, For an account of the flood from which Deucalion and
Pyrrha alone were saved, cf. Ov. Met. I, 260.
Nimbis i. e., the rains.
83. The legend was that, after the destruction of the inhabitants of the
earth by the flood, a new race was created from the stones upon the
mountain-side.
86. Discnrsua, restless running to and fro.
Farrago, medley, literally mixed fodder given to cattle. Cf.far and/arj a.
88. Sinus. The fold of the toga, used as a pocket, was called sinus. Cf.
Fig. 6. This is probably what is meant here. Others take sinus to mean
sail, others gulf ; of these the former seems less well suited to the meaning
of patuit / the latter is inapplicable ; avarice does not throw things into an
abyss, but draws them into its own keeping.
Alea, supply habuit. Such omissions are common in conversational
style. Translate when was gambling so bold f
89, Neque, nee is much more usual in post- Augustan poets. Juvenal has
it 160 times, neque only 7.
Itur, " on va, they go."
91. Dispensatore. In the battles of the gaming-table the steward took
charge of the sinews of war i. e., furnished the money.
116
NOTES.
92. Sestertia centum,
about $4,000. II. 647,
III.
93. Eeddere = to give
back, then to give what
is due, so here. It
does not mean that
the master gambles
away all his property
and then pledges his
slave's clothing, but
that his losses are so
great that he can not
properly clothe his ser-
vants.
94. Quis totidem, etc.
Avarice, recklessness,
and luxury all go to-
gether. The rich men
of the day dined on
seven courses, but
alone. What a con-
trast to the frugal
meals of the ancients,
where the patron was
surrounded by his cli-
ents, whose relation to
him was one of honor-
able dependence 1
95. Sportula. In
early times the cli-
ents dined with their
patron (cena recta) ;
later a basket of food,
a "dole," was given
FIG. 6. Toga with sinns.
to each client at the door ; finally, a sum of money was substituted.
96. Turbae togatae. There is a certain irony in the combination of these
two words, " a dress-coat mob."
97. Die. Like our emphatic A, the master.
99. A praecone. A regular list of those to whom the sportula was due
was kept to avoid repeaters and substitutes.
100. Troiugenas, members of the oldest Roman families. Many gentet
traced their origin from Trojan heroes ; so the Julian gens from lulus.
SATIRE 1.
117
Et Ipsi, they too, even they.
101. Da praetori, etc. There seem to have been two classes of these
respectable beggars, the impoverished aristocrats and the wealthy up-
starts. The praetor and the tribumis belong to the former, the libertinus
to the latter.
104. Quod refers to the
statement concerning his
birthplace.
Feneatrae. Holes for
ear-rings, marking his
Eastern origin.
105. Licet, although.
Tabernae, shops. Of.
Fig. 7, a bas-relief repre-
sentation of a cutler's
shop.
106. Quadringenta (ses-
tertia). The census eq uester
was 400,000 sesterces.
Quid confert, etc., what
does equestrian rank
amount to, if a member
of one of the old families
FIG. 7. Tahorna.
like Corvinus has to hire
himself out as a shepherd?
107. Laurenti. Laurentum was near the coast of Latium, between O.-tia
and Lavinium. Cf. Livy 1, 1.
108. Conduotas. Conduare is used in two senses : couditcere rem uten-
dam means to pay for the use of a thing, conducere rem faciendum means
to receive pay for taking care of a thing.
109. Pallante et Licinis. For the plural, cf. line 52. Pallas and Licinus
were freedmen proverbial for their wealth. The former was a favorite of
the Emperor Claudius and a brother of the Felix mentioned in the Acts of
the Apostles. The latter was one of Augustus's favorites.
110. Sacro honori, the tribuneship, which was a sacred office, in that the
Incumbent was secure from arrest.
111. Pedibus albis. This is usually explained by reference to some sup-
posed custom of marking the feet of slaves with chalk. May it not mean
barefooted ?
113. Etd, etc. It is a wonder that, among the host of temples erected to
all sorts of divinities, we have not dedicated, one to the real god of our
idolatry, the " almighty dollar."
114. Habitat, used intransitively.
118 NOTES.
116. Quae, referring to Concordia, is the subject of crepitat.
Salutato nido refers to the noise of the birds that had built their nests in
the ruins of the temple.
117i Smnmus honor i. e., the consul, so men of rank and position.
119. Comites, etc., the rest of us, we poor men who depend on the
sportula for the necessaries of life, are naturally reduced to such tricks as
those described below.
120. Densisrima lectica, crowds of litters. The singular is used col-
lectively. Cf. plurima rosa.
Centum quadraates, the usual amount of the sportula, about 25 cents.
125. Galla mea est. One man brings his wife, that he may secure a
double amount ; another brings an empty sedan-chair. If the praeco has
his suspicions, the man puts on a bold front and calls out to the supposed
occupant to show herself; as she remains invisible, he excuses her, on
the ground that she is probably asleep, and begs the clerk not to dis-
turb her.
126. Quiescet. The future denotes probability, as often in German.
127. Pnlchro, ironical, fine.
128. Inria. The use of the genitive with such adjectives as peritw, is
increasingly common in post-Augustan writers. There was a statue of
Apollo near the law-courts, hence his supposed skill in law.
130. Nesoio quis, some or other.
Arabarches, an Egyptian title, used here in contempt.
133. Vota, hopes ; so Horace, Hoc erat in votis. Sat. II, 6, 1.
134. Miseris, dative of " apparent
agent." Really a dative of interest
like any other.
136. Bex hornm, the patron.
Toris. Torus, properly a cushion
placed on the couch, came to be ap-
plied to the couch itself. Cf.
Fig. 8.
137. Orbibus. The collection of _
round tables made from a single p IO ^ Toms
section of rare wood, was a fashion-
able folly of the time. Cf. Becker, Gallus II, 302, ff.
139. Nullus iam, etc. The race of parasites, poor but agreeable table
companions, is gradually disappearing (and a good thing too), for who
could bear, etc. Others take this to be a remark of the rich man : " At all
events we shall get rid of parasites."
142. Amictus, accusative plural.
145. Nee tristis i. e., by no means sad.
146. Ducitnr fnnus, One of the many specialized uses of ducere.
SATIRE I.
110
Iritis amicia, becau.se, dying intestate, the rich man had left them no
legacies. Another dative of apparent agent.
149. Omne in praeoipiti, etc. Vice has reached its climax, subject far
satire is ready, one has only to spread one's sails.
153. Simplioitas, boldness, frankness. The following lines are quoted as
an example of the boldness of ancient satire.
154. Refert. Note the difference between refert and rtfert e. g.,
line 118.
155. Pone Tigellinum, etc., put Tigellinus into your verses i. e., try such
satire in these times and you will find your punishment ready. The pun-
ishment here described is said to have been inflicted on many of the early
Christians. The victim was surrounded with pitch (taeda), his chin sup-
ported by a stake (Jixo pectore), and he was then burned. The body would
be drawn away through the sand of the arena.
157i Deducis must be for the future tense. Others read deducit, supply-
ing quae referring to taeda above as its subject.
158. Qui dedit,
etc. Juvenal asks,
"Shall all these
crimes go on unre-
buked?"
Vehatur is sub-
junctive in a de-
liberative ques-
tion.
159. Illino-
i. e., from his lec-
tica.
160. Contra =
obviam.
161. Aocnsator,
etc. Merely say-
ing, " That is the
man," will cause
you to be looked
on as his accuser.
162. Aeneam You may safely pit Aeneas against Rutulus, or write of
Achilles or Hylns, but beware of rousing men's wrath and tears by touch-
ing on the sins of the day. We ure reminded of a modern clergyman who
desired to spare the feelings of his hearers, and so preached on the terrible
depravity of cannibalism.
164. Hylas was the favorite of Hercules ; going to draw water, he was
seized and carried off by the nymphs.
V
FIG. 9. Tomb of Caecilia Mrti-lla.
120
NOTES.
168. Inde irae et lacrimae. Terence's hinc iilae lacrimae (And. 1, 126)
Lad become proverbial.
169. Dnelli. Dudlum is the older form of bellwm, as duonus of bonut.
Cf. duo and bis.
170. Experiar. Juvenal answers, " I will try then what I may be al-
lowed to say about the dead whose tombs line the highways." The most
imposing monuments of the dead were built beside the Appian, Fluminian,
Fio. 10. Restoration of tombs on the Appian Way.
and Latin roads. The laws of the twelve tables forbade interments within
the city. The tomb of Caecilia Metclla, on the Appian, is shown in Fig. 9.
Fig. 10 is an attempt to reproduce the original appearance of the tombs on
the Appian road.
171. Notice the singular cinis, where we use the plural ; Juvenal has
cintret in XI, 44.
SATIRK IIL 121
SATIRE III.
THE DISADVANTAGES OF UFE AT ROME.
INTRODUCTION. Juvenal tt-lln us that as Utnbricius, one of his friends,
who has decided to leave Koine and find a home at Cumae, is waiting for
the cart that is to carry his goods to his new dwelling-place, they walk
t< >;n:t!ier to a spot just outside the walls, and there Umbricius tells him why
the great city has become unbearable to him. There is no room for honest
men where all success is the reward of wrong- doing. Rome lias become
the paradise of servile, versatile, conscienceless Greeks, who are ready to
assume every role, even that of the professional philosopher, and arc equally
unscrupulous in all. Nor is there room at Rome for a poor man. He is ill-
treated and despised, and is likely to be driven to dishonesty by the osten-
tation and display that society forces upon him. The dangers of the city
are described, and it is shown that they press most heavily on him who
can not purchase safety. The fire that ruins the poor man is a source of
gain to the rich ; the poor man must be jostled in the crowd and risk his
life among the loaded wagons, while the rich man is borne alotl out of
reach of danger in his luxurious litter.
The subject is not exhausted, but the wagon has come, the driver calls,
and Umbricius bids Juvenal good-by.
1. Confosns, disturbed.
2. Laudo, its object is readily supplied from amid.
Onmia. Cumae was an old Greek settlement, whence the Romans de-
rived their alphabet. It was a few miles north of modern Naples, and was
at this time almost deserted, vacuis.
3. Destinet. The subjunctive marks the thought as that of Umbriciui
(1. 21).
Sibyllae. The cave of the Sibyl, which is still shown, was near Cumae.
Cf. Verg. A en. VI, 18 ; Uumaeit Sibyl tit. It was from her that Tarquin
Was euid to have purchased the Sibylline books.
4. Baiarnm. Baiae was a fashionable resort near Cumae.
Amoeni seoessust Appositional genitive Cf. vrl* Romae and, in Eng-
lish, the city of London.
5. Proohytam. A rocky desert island (Procida) off the coast between
Naples and Cumae.
Suburae. The crowded, noisy part of Rome, between the Viminal and
Esquiline Hills. Juvenal speaks as if all Rome were one Subura. For the
dative, cf. 1, 18, note.
6. Ut non credas, negative result clause.
7. Lapsus tectonun, Cf. 11. 190-196. The buildings at Rome were often
NOTES.
carried to a great height, owing to the cost of land, and the upper stories
were usually of wood. Tectum (tvyo) means covering, roof, liuilding.
8. Saevae. Of. iniquae, I. 30.
9. As if such recitations formed the climax of horrors. Cf. VIII, 221.
The name of the month was changed from Sextilis in honor of the emperor.
Id Domus i. e., his family and
possessions.
Eaeda. A four-wheeled travel-
ing-carriage. The word is said to
be Celtic. Cf. Fig. 11. The pres-
ent tense with dum is regular in
narrative.
Hi Ad, at or near.
Arcus, the arches of the aqueduct
that passed over the porta Capenn,
hence madida. The via Appia
began at this gate.
12, Constituebat, Constituo, to
mate an appointment, is used either
with the dative, as here, or with cum Fi<;. 11. Itaeda.
and the ablative.
Amioae. Egeria, Liv. I, 21. For the case, of. note on I, 18.
14. Quorum depends on svpellex ; cophinus faemimque are in the pred-
icate.
16. I. e., what was formerly a holy place has become a mere source of
income. Mercedem pendere = to pay rent.
16. Gamenis, the Roman national Muses, Eyeria, Carmenta, Antevorta,
and Postvorta.
17. Speluncas, grottoes, here artificial.
18. Veris i. e., speluncis.
20. Ingenuum toftam, the natural stone (tufa).
23. Bes, property.
Here, in the time of Augustus heri was the regular form. Cf. vesperi,
vespere ; mani, mane.
Eadem (res) is the subject of deteret. More usual is res deteritur.
24. Exiguis, neuter plural, the trifling (remnants) ; it seems to be dative,
though best translated from.
25. Eiuit alas. Daedalus flew north from Crete and alighted at Cumae.
Verg. Aen. VI, 14 ff. E.ruo is the regular word for taking off garments,
the opposite is induo.
27. Lachesi. The individual duties of the Fates were not always clearly
defined. Properly Lachesis decided the length of each human life. Clotho
spun the thread, and Atropos cut it off.
SATIRE III. 123
28. Snbennte, mpporting.
29i Artorins et Catnlusi Typical rascals ; personally unknown.
31. Quis facile eat aedem conducere, etc. i. c., the whole tribe of con-
tractors, meii who could make money out of anything, from building a
temple to removing sewage.
Quis, dative.
Oonduoere means to take a contract for. Cf. note I, 108.
Flumina, portua i. e., for such things as building clams and dredging
harbors.
32. Busta, the funeral pyre. Bu.ro = uro, whence comburo ; cf. com-
bustion. Cremation must have been common in Rome before 450 B. c., for
the laws of the Twelve Tables forbid it within the city.
33i Caput, from meaning head, comes to mean body, life, person.
Domina aub haata, This seems to refer to a custom of fixing a spear
above the slave auction-block, as a sign of conquest.
Venale, to be sold, for sale.
34i Hi, subject of edunt.
35. Buccae is in apposition witli hi ; blowers, bawiers.
36. Munera, the public shows. These were often provided by private
citizens as :t means of establishing popularity. The person that provided
for the expenses was called editor muneris.
37. Ooddnnt (quern vulgns, pollice verso, iubet). When a gladiator was
beaten, the people called for his death verso pollice ; if they thought he had
deserved by his bravery to have his life spared, they gave the sign presto
pollice. Just what the two terms mean is unknown ; pollicem vertere is
usually considered to be to turn the thumb up, but the whole matter is in
doubt. The editor was the interpreter of public opinion.
Populariter, to please (he people.
38. Et cnr non omnia? i. e., why should they not do everything?
40. The success of such men is merely the sport of Fortune, who raises
them at her caprice.
42. Poscere, call for i. e., ask to read.
Motus astrorum, etc. i. e., I have no knowledge of fortune-tolling.
44. Ranarum, etc. Poison was prepared from the entrails of a venomous
species of frog. Cf. I, 70.
47. Tamqnam manous, etc. i. e., ns I am neither able nor willing to help
men steal, they think of me as maimed, a useless trunk with a withered
right hand. The members of a provincial governor's cohors were called his
comites.
48. Exstinctae deitrae, genitive of quality.
49. Conscius, m-iomplice.
50. Aestuat. In classical Latin the subjunctive is used in such <
52. Secret! honesti, an honorable secret.
NOTES.
Fecit | fecerit would be more exact.
63. Veni. Verres is taken as the type of an extortionate governor. He
was propraetor of Sicily 73-70 B. c.
Vult j the subject is the same as that of erit.
54. Tanti, of so much, value. Probably a locative.
Non, rarely, as here, used for ne. Hor. A. P. 460.
Opaci, shaded.
65. Tagi, the river Tagus was said to contain golden sand.
56. Careas, sumas, and timearis, are subjunctives in clauses of result.
Ponenda = deponenda.
60. Opstabit, notice the form; obstat occurs in lines 164, 194, 243.
61. Quamvis ; in classical Latin quamquam would be used.
Quota, how small.
Achaei, predicate nominative.
62. The stream of Oriental influence has been flowing into Rome for a
long time.
Fio. 12. Sambnca.
Pis. 13. Tympanum.
63. Chordas obliquas ; the sambuca, a sort of harp, is meant. Cf. Fig. 12.
64, Neo non = et.
Oentilia, national ; for the tympanum, cf. Fig. 13. %
67. KusticuB ille, etc. i. e., the old Roman peasant has degenerated into
a servile imitator of the Greeks.
Trechedipna, The meaning is uncertain, probably a sort of Greek
shoe.
68. Nioeteria, wrestling prizes.
69. Sicyone, on the Gulf of Corinth.
Amydone, in Macedonia, on the river Axius.
70. Trallibns ant Alabandis | these towns were in Curia.
71. Eaquilias, the Esquiline.
Dictum a vimine oollem is, of course, the Viminal
SATIRE III. 125
72. Viscera, the vitals ; they worm themselves into positions of confi-
dence, and finally supplant their masters.
73i Here follows a description of Greek character and attainments. It
is painful to reflect, in this connection, that the Americans have been
called the Greeks of modern times, for the three characteristics to wljich
Juvenal gives prominence are elegance being sacrificed to force " smar<-
ness," "impudence," and "the gift of gab."
74i Isaeo, a famous rhetorician
whom the younger Pliny praises
highly. PI. Ep. II, 3.
Ede, tell.
76. Hominem, character.
76. Aliptes, an anointer, a trainer.
77. Schoenobates, funambulus =
a rope-dancer. Cf. Fig. 14.
Omnia novit Graeculus esuriens
i. e., "your Greek can do anything
to earn a living."
78. Miseris ; most editions Iiave
80. Qui sumpait pinnas, Daedalus. Fl 14. Funambulus.
81. Conchylia, purple cloaks, so luxury.
Prior signabit i. e. , take precedence in signing wills, etc.
82. Toro meliore i. e., a higher place at the table.
83. Pruna et cottona i both plums and figs came from Syria.
84. Usque adeo nihil est, quod, is it so absolutely nothing that ; usque adeo
is literally even vp to that i. e., to such a degree.
85. Baca Sabina, the olive.
86. Quid quod, what of the fact thatf
88. Invatidi is used as a noun atid depends on folium.
Gollum and cervix are purposely compared.
89. Herculis depends on cervicibus.
Antaeum. Hercules overcame him only by holding him up from the
earth, whence he derived liis strength.
92. We too may praise these same things.
98. Antiochus, etc. The best actors excite no wonder in Greece (tf/fc),
for the whole people is born to dissimulation.
102. Brumae, for brerim-ie ; so, the shortest day ; so, winter.
103. Endromidem, a thick, heavy cloak. Cf. Osric, in Hamlet V, 2.
104. Omni | Weidner reads omnis, and compares Hor. Odes III, 80, 6 :
A'on. omnis nmrinr.
105. Aliena sumere vultum, etc.; to make his face a mirror to reflect other
men's moods.
126
NOTES.
106. lactare mantis i e., to make gestures of admiration.
114. The meaning seems to be: Since I have begun to talk of the
Greeks, let me tell you what their learning, their philosophy, docs ; I might
go into details about their schools {gymnasia ^ but pass that by and listen
to the practical effect of their vaunted philosophy.
115. Abollae. The abolla was a cloak much affected by the professional
philosophers. It is shown in Fig. 15.
116. Stoicusj P. Egnatius Celer accused Barea, his pupil, of treason.
117. Nutritus, educated.
118. Gorgonei caballi. Pegasus, who sprang from the Gor-
gon's blood, is said to have dropped a feather from his wing
in flying over Tarsus. Note that caballus is the Low-Latin
word whence the French cheval is derived.
120. Protogenes, etc., some Greek flatterer.
121. Gentis vitio i. e., in accordance with the selfish practice
of his race.
122. Solus habet, keeps him for himself.
Facilem, receptive.
125. Minor, of less account.
lactura, the tossing aside, throwing overboard.
126. Officium, service.
He nobis blandiar, not to fatter ourselves, to speak the plain truth.
127; WTw.it good does it do a poor man if he lakes pains to put on lis
toga and hurry of before daylight to pay his visit of ceremony to some rich,
childless widow, when he has a praetor us his rival ? Legacy-hunting be-
came a regular business during the empire, and as such little attentions as
morning-calls were highly valued, the legacy-hunters made a point of
being at hand as early as possible.
129. Orbis. Orbus means either without parents, or, as here, without
children. The cognate English word orphan has been restricted to the
former meaning.
137. The character of even a Nasica, a Numa, or a Metellus, would be
no recommendation nowadays. The first question would be, " How much
is he worth ? "
Hospes nnminis Idaei. When the statue of Cybele was to be brought to
Koine, 204 B. c., the oracle declared that it must be intrusted to the most
virtuous man in the state. The senate awarded the honor to P. Scipio
Nasica, who thus became the host of the divinity.
139. When the temple of Vesta was burned, 241 B. c., L. Caecilius
Metellus rescued the palladium of Minerva.
141. Pascit | pascere is the technical term for keeping slaves or cattle.
142. Paropside, mde dish, entree.
143. Cf. Hor. Sat. 1, 1, 62.
SATIRE III.
127
FIG. 16. Pinnirapus.
144. Licet, although.
Samothracum, genitive. The Samothracian gods were the Cahiri ; their
\vor>liip was very mysterious.
145. Nostrorum (deorum).
146. Dis ignoscentibus ipsia j the very gods par-
don perjury in a poor man, for they know that
his case is desperate.
147. Quid quod, cf. 1. 86.
148. Hie idem, this same man.
150. Conmto vulnere, ablative absolute.
151. Non una, many a.
153. Inquit | the subject is probably the desig-
nator, whose duty it was to sec that the distinction
of rank was observed.
155. Guius res legi non sufficit. After the time
of Augustus, a fortune of 400,000 sesterces was
necessary to entitle one to equestrian rank, and to '
a seat among the knights in the theatre. Cf. 1,
106. and line 159.
158. Pinnirapi. The gladiators had various modes of combat; the pin-
nirapus achieved victory when he seized the pinna or crest from his adver-
sary's helmet. Cf. Fig. 16.
Lanistae, a trainer of gladiators. Cf. Fig. 17, which shows the retiariiu
(on the left), the secutor, and the lanista.
159. Othoui, The law of Otho (lex Itosc-ia), passed 67 B. c., provided
that the first fourteen rows of seats in the theatre should be reserved for
the knights.
160,ffic,here ASTIANAX
at Rome.
Censu minor,
of small means,
t'ensu is the ab-
lative ot specifi-
cation.
161. Sarcinu-
lis, dowry, liter-
ally baggage.
Inpar i. e.,
whose property
is unequal to p,^ i 7 ._ Re tiarius, secutor. and lanista.
hers.
162. Aedilibus, dative. The aediles had the care of the city, and often
asked counsel of private citizens.
128
NOTES.
163i Debuerant. Notice the tense.
Olim is often used in the silver age for iam dudum.
Tenues, of slender fortune.
165. Res angusta domi, a proverbial phrase for poverty.
Ulis, dutive.
166. Conatua, the effort.
Magno ( pretio), ablative of price (instrumental).
167. Frugi, an " indeclinable adjective," really the dative of frux,
originally used as predicative dative.
168. Fashion makes simple living still more difficult. One is ashamed
of earthenware at Rome, but in the country it is no disgrace.
170. Veneto i. e., such as the Veneti use.
Oucullo, hood, cloak.
FIG. 18. Theatre at Aspendog.
171. The wearing of so expensive a garment as the toga is only a
Roman fashion.
172. Even when the glory of festal days is celebrated in the grassy
theatre. The country theatre was usually an open space, where the au-
dience mii'lit find scats on the slope of the hill-side.
174. Noturn exodinm, the old familiar play, given every year.
176. Formidat, tremUet at.
177. Similes modifies orchestram and yopnlum.
SATIRE III.
129
178. Orchestram. The orchestra in the Greek theatre was the place occu-
pied by the chorus ; in the Roman theatre, where there was no chorus, it was
devoted to the seats of the senators and men of highest rank. Cf. Fig. 18.
Clari velamen honoris, as the mark of distinguished honor i. e., as the
garb of their great office.
180. Hio, here, at Home.
Habitus nitor, the splendor of dreu.
181. Area, ablative of separation.
184. Cossum, unknown.
185. Clause labello i. e., even if he does not say a word to you.
Veiento, nominative. He was one of the delatores.
186. One rich man celebrates the day wben4ii.s favorite (son?) first shaves
his beard, another when his hair is cut ; the slaves all have cakes for sale
which the visitor is obliged to buy. A delicate way of feeing the servants.
187. Accipe, etc. ; take one, since you must, and let it serve as yeast to
stir your indignation.
188. Praestare, to furnish, pay.
189. Pecnlia. A slave could hold no property without the permission
of his master, if allowed to retain his earnings, they were called peculium.
190. Gelida Praeneste, cool Praeneste. It was about 23 miles east of
Rome. Cf. Hor. Od. Ill, 4, 22.
Rninam, ruina was the special
term for the fall of a building.
191. Volsiniis, in Etruria, about
70 miles from Rome.
192. Simplicibus Oabiis, Be-
tween Rome and Praeneste. Pos-
sibly there is a reference to the
simplicity of the inhabitants when
they were du$ed by Scxtus Tar-
quinius. Cf. Livy I, 53 f.
Proni Tiburis. Tibur was on a
hill .sloping down to the Anio, 16
miles from Rome. Horace often
refers to it.
193. Tenui tibioine, by a slender
prop.
194. Sol, partitive genitive.
196i SecuroB i. e., not, the in-
habitants.
198. A description of such an
incendium. The name Ucalegon is borrowed from Vergil's account of
burning of Troy. Acn. II, 311.
HU. lit. Aliur
130 NOTES.
199. Tabulate tertia, the third story.
TiW, ethical dative.
200i Trepidatur, the commotion begins.
203. Godro, unknown.
Procula. Probably the name of a dwarf well known at the time.
204. Abaci, a sort of marble-topped sideboard. Cf. Fig. 19.
Nee non et, the nee non=et, the et is correlative with the el of the next line.
205. Ohiro i. e., a statue of the centaur Chiron.
207. Divina carmina, probably the poems of Homer.
Opiti, the Greek word for Osci = barbarians.
208. Hind totnm nihil, all that nothing.
210. If fire deprives a poor man of his all, none helps him, he is left to
starve ; but if a rich man's house burns, every one is anxious to help repair
the loss.
212. Aflturioi, unknown ; he is called Persicus below, line 221.
Horrida mater i. e., the matrons appear with disheveled hair, as on
occasions of public mourning.
213. Pullati, in the pulla vestis, a dark-gray mourning-garment.
Vadimonia, the sessions of the court.
216. Signa, statues ; nuda marks them as Greek.
217. Euphranora et Polyoliti j the former was a sculptor at Athens in the
time of Alexander, the latter came from Argos in the time of Pericles.
218. Phaecariatorom j this is Roth's reading, adopted by Mayor. The
^atKoo-iof was a white shoe worn by Greek priests. Here the epithet is
transferred to the gods. In the reading, " haec Asianorum," haec is usually
explained as nom. sg. fern.; but Weidner calls it neut. pi.
219. Mediamque Minerram, and among them (a statue of} Minerva;
others, less correctly, I think, take it to mean a bust of Minerva.
221. Orborum, cf. note, line 129. His childlessness makes him the ob-
ject of special attentions.
222. Suspectus, tamquam, suspected of, a common use of tamguam in the
silver age.
223. Avelli has the force of the middle voice.
Oiroengitras. The public shows were used to keep the lower classes
amused'and contented. Napoleon III tried the same plan in Paris. The
most important of the Roman games were the ludi maffni, held in April.
Cf. X, 81.
florae, Fabrateriae, Frusinone | these were small towns in Latium. Notice
hat the first two are locatives, the third locative ablative.
225. Quanti. The antecedent tanti is omitted. So-called genitive of
ce or value. Probably a locative construction.
Tonduois, hire. Cf. 1, 108.
18. Pntensque breris, a shallow well, needing no rope.
SATIHR III.
131
229. Pythagoreia. They were vegetarians, prol>ably owing to their be-
lief in the transmigration of souls.
231. It is something to tecl that you actually own any part of the world,
even if it be but a single lizard.
232. Plurimus, very manr a.
Vigilando, from lying awake. Notice the quantity of the o, and cf. I, 63.
234. Meritoria, lodgings.
235. Magnis opibus, ablative of means ; if one owns a large house and
sleeps in the middle of it, he may avoid the noise.
236. Caput morbi, the source of disease.
237. Conviria mandrae, the quarreling and mutual abuse of the drovers,
when there was a " block" in the street.
238. Druso. Tiberius Clavdius Drtivus (the Emperor Claudius) was
famous for his sleepiness, as are the animals referred to in vitulis marinis.
239. Officium, duty, such as making a cull, or attending a recitation.
240. Super ora i. e., above the heads of the common people.
Liburno i. e., a Liburnian slave. Cf. I, 64. This reading is better than
liburna. The absence of the preposition may be explained, as in I, 54.
241. Obiter, on the way.
243. Ante, adverb.
245. AsBere, the pole (perhaps of a litter).
247. Pinguia crura luto. Notice the omission of the verb ; common in
Juvenal.
248. Digito ; diffitut is used of either a finger or a toe.
Clavusj soldiers wore "hob-nailed" shoes.
249. The crowd going to the sportula adds another ele-
ment of confusion. Above it is spoken of as a sum of
money ; here it seems to be actual food, which was taken
away in a portable kitchen kept warm for the purpose;
hence fumo.
251. Corbulo, unknown, probably some proverbially
strong man ; possibly Nero's famous general, Cn. Domitius
Corbulo, whom Tacitus calls corport ingens.
253. CUTBU ventilat ignem, fans the fire by his running.
254, Ooruscat, sways.
257. Baza Ligustioa i. e., from the Ligurian quarries.
258. Axis, the subject of procubuit, is drawn into the
relative clause.
261, More animae, ///- a breath.
Domns, the household.
263. Striglibug | the striyilis was a sort of flesh scraper used after the bath.
Onto, oil-flask. Dative. Cf. Fig. 20, which shows the oil flask and
several strigils.
Fia. 20.
Oil flask and
strigils.
132 NOTES.
265. Novicius, a new-comer ; cf. Eng., novice.
266. Porthmea, the ferryman i. c., Charon.
Nee speratj it' the body were unburied, the soul must wait a hundred
years on the bank of the Styx.
Caenosi gurgitis i. e., the Styx. Caenosus is also written cenosus and
coenosus.
Alnum, the boat.
267. Trientem, a copper coin, one third of an as, Charon's fee, which
was placed between the lips of the dead.
269. Spatium, distance.
270. Fenestris. Notice the (poetical) omission of the preposition de.
272. Silicem, the pavement.
Haberi, to be held, considered.
274. Intestates, without making your will.
Adeo i. e., so true is it that there are.
275. Vigiles, windows where people are awake.
277. Contentae agrees with fenestrae.
279. Dat poenas, etc., he pays for the lack of his usual amusement by
suffering such a night as Achilles mourning for the death of his friend
1'atroclus.
281. This line is rejected by several editors. If genuine, it seems better
to consider it as a continuation of Umbricius's speech rather than an inter-
ruption by Juvenal.
282. Inprobus, hot-headed, reckless.
283. Ooccina laenaj the purple cloak marks him as rich and powerful.
285. Flammarum, partitive genitive.
286. Deducere, escort. Used of clients accompanying their patron to or
from the forum.
287. Filnm, wick.
288. This description of the bullying attack updn an inoffensive stranger
reminds us of the " Mohawks " of London in the time of Addison.
289. Vapulo, take the blows.
292. Aceto, vinegar and water was a common drink of the poorer classes.
296. Quaaro. Notice the tense, and cf. Eng., " When do you go away?"
Proseucha, a Jewish house of prayer. Used in contempt.
298. Vadimonia faciunt, firing a complaint.
301. Faucis, few, some.
Eeverti, commonly used as a deponent verb ; as usual in deponent varbt;
the force of the middle voice is evident.
302. Metuat, you may fear, you have to fear. ' f
Bpoliet) subjunctive in a relative clause of purpose.
303. Derit = deerit. Omnia agrees with compago, which is the subject of
siluit.
SATIRE IV. 133
305. Agit rem, plies his trade; subitus contrasts the highwayman's
method with that of the thief.
307i The Pontine marshes in Lutium, and the Gallinarian forests in
Campania, were favorite lurking-grounds for robbers, who, when they were
driven thence, flocked to Kome, as if to "preserves" where game was
abundant.
309. Catenae) some verb, as conficiuntur, is understood. The regular
order would be quafornace, qua incude, non graves catenae?
310. Marinus in vinclis, etc. i. e., so much iron is used to furnish chains.
311. Vomer. Cf. Fig. 21.
312. Proavorum atavos;
the ascending order of an-
cestors was pater, avu,
proavus, aibavus, atavus,
tritavus.
313. Sub regibus atque
tribunis i. e., in regal and
republican times, before the
empire.
314. Uno, a single i.e., FIG. 21. Vomer.
the Mamertine prison at the
foot of the Capitoline, said to have been built by Ancus Martius. Jugurtha
and Cethcgus were imprisoned there.
315. Poteram, twos able, I might have.
317. landndum, often written iam dudum.
318. Adnuit, from meaning to nod, comes to mean to give a sign, to motion.
319. Tuo Aquino i this is taken to mean that Juvenal was born at Aquinum.
Refici depends on properantem.
320. Helvinamj the force of this epithet as applied to Ceres is unknown.
Helvia was the name of a Roman gens, by whom a temple to Ceres may
have been built at Aquinum.
321. Converte, call.
Hi pudet illas, units* they are ashamed of me.
322. Caligatus, with a countryman's heavy shoes, such as he would
wear at Cumae.
SATIRE IV.
INTRODUCTION. (The lines omitted at the beginning have no essential
connection with the rest.)
This satire describes the degradation of the senate. A fisherman catches
a remarkably fine fish, and, knowing that it is likely to be confiscated, makes
a virtue of necessity and presents it to the Emperor Domitian. The em-
134 NOTES.
peror summons the senate from Rome to his Alban villa to consult as to
the disposition of the fish. Various senators are described, and each sketch
is a masterpiece. The council is dismissed after this weighty matter is
decided. Juvenal expresses the wish that Domitian had spent all his time
in the luxury and frivolity that this incident illustrates instead of venting
his cruelty upon the best men of the state.
37. lam modifies semianimum.
Laceraret, Domitian was like a tiger tearing the half-dead world.
Flavins ultimas, the last of the Flavians (Vespasian, Titus, Domitian),
T. Domitianus Flavius Nero. From all accounts he seems to have been a
cruel, hypocritical, cunning, cowardly scoundrel.
38. Calvo. Domitian's vanity made his baldness a serious grief to him.
39. Adriaci spatiom admirabile rhombi. Adriaci is an adjective modifying
rhombi. The whole expression = rhombus ingens. Cf. Crispi iucunda
senectus, \. 81 ; Montani venter, 1. 107.
40. Ancon. Ancona (in Picenum) was settled by Dorians from Sicily.
41. Sinus. The full expression would be incidit in sinus retis eosgue
impleoit.
Haeserat, had stuck, had been caught.
Ulia, ablative with the comparative.
42. Maeotioa i. e., in the sea of Azov, formerly called Lake Maeotis.
46. Pontifici snmmo. All the emperors had the title, pontifex maximvt.
Proponere, offer for sale.
47. Et, even.
48. ProtinuB, straightway.
49. Agerent com remige nudo, would bring a charge against the poverty-
stricken fisherman.
61. Vivaria, object of depastnm (=ftd upon).
63. Palfiuio Armillato. They seem to have been expounders of the law.
56. Fuel. The Jiscus was the private treasury of the emperor, as distin-
guished from the aerarinm or state treasury.
67. Autnmno, ablative absolute with cedente.
Quartanam, a mild form of fever.
68. Becentem, frexh ; predicate adjective.
59. Hie, the fisherman.
Auster, the southwest wind would spoil the fish.
60. Lacns. There are two small lakes at the foot of the Alban hills.
Qnamquam ; the use of quamquam without a finite verb belongs to the
silver age.
61. Minorem, less than the temple of Vesta at Rome ; the fire upon the
altar was supposed to have been brought by Aeneas from Troy.
63. Valvae, (folding) doors.
SATIRE IV. 135
65. Atriden, Agamemnon, used, of course, in contempt.
Ficens. The fisherman came from Picenum.
66. Focis, ablative. Cf. Ill, 203; lectus Procula minor.
Genialis, sacred to your genius. Every Roman was supposed to have a
special guardian divinity called his genius.
67. Saginaej the meaning is, make your stomach ready for the feast.
68. As if the Fates had saved this fish for this special time.
70. Surgebant cristae, his crest rose with pleasure at the flattery.
71. Potestas, abstract for concrete ; cf. Ital. podesta, and the English use
of a power = a powerful man.
72. Derat, often written deerat.
Patinae mensnra i. e., a dish large enough.
76. Abolla. Cf. Ill, 115 ; j 'acinus maioris abollae.
77t Pegasus was a celebrated lawyer of the time ; he was a man of good
intentions, but weak.
ViliouB, steward i. e., the praeftctus was only the emperor's vilicus or
head slave.
78. Alind i. c., anything more than mere stewards, head slaves.
79. Quamqnam modifies diris.
81. Criepi incnnda senectus. Cf. line 39. Vibius Crispus was an orator,
of. en mentioned by Quintilian.
82. Mite ingenium, a gentle nature.
84. Glade et peste refer to Domitian ; abstract for concrete.
86. Violentius, more capricious.
88. Vere, ablative of ver.
89. I. e., never swam against the stream, always floated with the cur-
rent.
90. Civis refers to Crispus.
91. Vitam inpendere vero, to risk his life for the truth.
93. Hia annis i. e., complaisance and obsequiousness.
94. Acilius. M'. Acilius Glabrio. father of the man of the same name
who was consul 91 A. i>. The latter was murdered by Domitian, 95 A. D M
after fighting with a lion in the Alban amphitheatre. The Acilii claimed
descent from Aeneas.
95. Indigno quern, who did not deserve that . . . him.
96. Olim = iam dmium. Cf. Ill, 163.
97. Old age is like a miracle among the high born i. e., one whose birth
brought him into contact with the emperor, found it difficult to live in
such times.
98. Frateroulus Gigantis i. e., one of no ancestry, sprung from the earth.
101. Artes patricias, the tricks of the patricians.
103. Brute. Brutus was said to have feigned stupidity to escape Tar-
quin's suspicion. Cf. Livy I, 56.
136 NOTES.
Barbato regii Barbers arc said to have first come to Rome about 300 B. o.
Birbatus is used like intonsus (Ilor. Od. II, 15, 11) for ancient, simple.
104. Melior vultu, more cheerful (Mayor).
105. Bubrras. Probably Rubriua Gallus, sent against the Sarmatians by
Vespasian. Ileus = defendant.
107. Montani venter, cf. lines 39, 81.
108. Crispinus, cf. I, 27 ; verna Canopi Crispinus.
109. Saevior illo, etc. Pompcius is unknown. The combination ol
severity and delicacy in this description has made it famous.
112. Fuscus perished in an expedition against the Dacians.
113. Veiento, cf. Ill, 185 ; ut te respiciat Veiento.
Catullo, one of Domitian's informers.
116. Dims, wretched.
A ponte. The bridges were favorite places for beggars. It is hardly
probable that Veiento had ever actually been a bridge-beggar.
117. Dignus qui | for the construction cf. line 95.
Aricinos, The steep hill at Aricia forced the carriages to move slowly,
and thus furnished the beggars an excellent opportunity.
118. Devexae, descending \. e., going down the hill.
120. Uli, ethical dative.
121. Sic pugnas, etc. The Cilician gladiators were famous ; ictus means
the thrusts of the gladiator ; peyma was a part of the stage-machinery ; the
velaria were awnings stretched over the top of the theatre.
123. Oestro, gj, so frenzy.
127. Arviragna, unknown.
128. Sndes, stakes i. e., fins.
129. Fabricio i. e., Fabricius Veiento. Cf. line 113.
130. Censes ? conciditnr 1 (is it to be cut up ?). For the tense, cf. Ill, 296 ;
in qua te quaero prosencha? "Quidnam igitur censes" was the usual form
of a question put to the Senate.
132. Orbem, circle, circumference.
133. Debetur, we need. Snbitus, speedy.
Prometheus i. e., a potter, so Vulcanus is used
for a smith.
134. The rota, as used in Egypt, is seen in Fig. 22.
135. Castra seems to have here the sense of court.
136. Vioit, the usual word ; his proposition was
approved.
138. Pulmo may be translated blood. Fio. 28. Rota.
139. TJsns, experience.
140. Tempestate, tempestas often means simply time.
Ciroeia j the best oysters were said to come from Circeii, in Campania, from
the Lucrine Lake near Baiae, and from Rutupiae (Richborough, in Kent).
SATIIJK V. 137
142. Deprendere, translate, in discovering.
144. Snrgiturj so wo say, the House rises.
147i Doinitian attempted to conquer these German tribes, in 84 A. D.,
but was defeated ; in spite of this, he celebrated a triumph. Cf. Tac.
Agric. 39.
149. Fraecipiti pinna, probably simply = in great haste.
151. Qnibns, its antecedent is tempora.
153. Cerdonibus is put for. the lower classes in general. The Lamiae
were a distinguished family of the Aelian gens, one of whom, Aelius Lamia,
Doruitian had caused to be put to death. The meaning is that, although lie
murdered noblemen with impunity, he perished when he began to attack
the lower classes.
SATIRE V.
INTRODUCTION. This is a description of the indignities to which a man
that courts the dinner- tables of the rich is subjected.
The state of the meanest beggar is preferable to that of a parasite. In
spite of your obsequious devotion, your patron seldom invites you to din-
ner; when he does, your dinner and his are two quite different things: he
has rich old wine in gemmed goblets, you have sour grape-juice in cracked
earthenware; he is waited on by a graceful slave-boy, you by a coarse,
rough negro ; he has tine white bread, that given you is hard and black
with age. This is your reward for braving the inclement weather to attend
his morning receptions. So it is with the rest of the feast: the best of
everything for him, the commonest food for you. If you were to come into
a fortune, what a change there would be ! This is not economy, but a
studied purpose to enjoy the cruel pleasure of your mortification. And,
after all, you deserve no better, for you have sold your self-respect for a
dinner, and will probably come to be ft stage-buffoon, taking kicks and
cuffs for the amusement of the audience.
2. Ut putea. Subjunctive clause of result.
Quadra = mensa.
3. Sannentus, a freedman, favorite of Augustus.
4. Caesaris i. e., Augustus.
Gabba, probably the Aulus Oabba mentioned by Quintilian.
5. Quamvis modifies iurato. Cf. Ill, 1.
6. Novi. Notice the tense.
Frugalius, less exacting.
1, Puta, suppose.
Quod, its antecedent is hoc ipum.
138
NOTES.
8t Crepido, probably foot-path.
Pons i. e., beggar's stand. Cf. IV, 116; a ponte satelles.
Tegetis pars dimidia brevior i. c., half of a beggar's mat.
9. Tantine, etc. Is the insult of the dinner worth so much? Jniuria
cenae is about the same as cena iniuriosa.
L. m.
L.i.
L.s.
Fio. 23. Triclinium. M., Mensa ; L. i., Lectus imus ; L. m., Lectus medius ;
L. s., Lectus sumrnus.
10. I. e. Is your hunger so starving that it can endure such insults,
when it might shiver and eat beggar's food?
12. Fige, consider.
Discumbere raasns, invited to din-
ner.
13. Mercedem solidam, payment in
full.
14. Inputat, adds to the account,
credits himself with.
Bex, the great man, your patron.
Cf. 1, 136 ; rex ipse iacebit.
17. Fig. 23 shows the arrange-
ment of the triclinium or dining-
table. The culcitae were the cush-
ions, as shown in Fig. 24.
18. Una simus, Cf. the form of invitation in Terence Haut. I, 1, 110 ;
apnd me sis tolo.
19. Habet Trebins, etc. i. e., such an invitation is reason enough for him
to rouse himself early and hurry off without waiting to lace his shoes, in
order that he may show the greatest respect by being early at the salutatio.
21, Orbem, the round of visito.
Fio Zi. Dinner-scene, showing the
culcitae.
SATIRE V. 139
22. Sideribus dubiis. Dubiw has the same root as duo. Cf. twi-light.
23. Serraca, the Wain.
24. Quod sncida nolit lana pati | the wine is so bad that even wool will not
absorb it. Wool soaked in wine was used for fomentations.
25. De conviva Corybanta j the bad wine goes to his head, and from a
guest Tie becomes a priest of Cybelf.
28. Que connects vos and co/wrtem.
30. Ipse, the master. Cf. line 14, note.
Oapillato diffusum oonsnle i. e., of great age. Cf. IV, 103; barbato regi.
Vinum is, of course, understood.
32. Cardiaco, dyspeptic.
34. Tituhun, label.
35. Fuliginej smoke passing through the storeroom was supposed to
mellow the wine.
36. Thrasea Helvidiuojue. Paetus Thrasea and his son-in-law, Helvidius
Priscus, were Stoics and Independents, and as such would naturally keep
the birthdays of Marcus and Decimus Brutus as festivals. Thrasea was
put to death by Nero, Helvidius by Vespasian.
38. Heliadum crustas. The daughters of the Sun weeping for the death
of their brother Phaethon were changed into poplars, and their tears be-
came amber. Crustas is best considered pocula crustata.
39. Virro, the patron.
41. Ungues observet acutos, to watch your sharp finger-nails, lest you pry
out some of the gems.
42. Da veniam (excuse me), etc. Probably the words of the slave to the
guest. Praeclara is in the predicate.
45. Zelotypo, jealous.
luvenia i. e., Aeneas, whom Dido preferred to larbas. It is the sub-
ject of solebat.
46. Vatinius, a cobbler of Beneventum, had a very long nose, whence a
kind of cup with four long spouts was named for him.
48. Sulpurai old glas^ was exchanged for sulphur matches (cf. Martial I,
42, 4); another explanation is that the cup called for sulphur cement with
its broken glass.
50. Decocta (aqua), water boiled and then cooled with snow.
52. Cursor (Jaetulus, an African stable-boy.
55. Clivosae Latinae (viae). Cf. I, 171.
56. Flos Asiae i. e., a beautiful slave-boy.
57. Tulli, Servius Tullius.
Census j censeo = mine, rate, so censut = rating, then /0rvra. = gesticulating.
122. Dictata magistri) there were schools where the art of carving was
taught.
123. Of course, it makes a great difference with what motions hares and
chickens are carved.
125. Duceris planta, dragged out by the heels.
Oaous, Cf. Verg. Aen. VIII, 264 ff; Livy I, 7.
126. Ponere, not infinitive, notice the quantity.
Quid- hisoere = to open your mouth.
142 NOTES.
127. Tamquara habeas tria nomina. Free Roman citizens had praenomen,
nomen, cognomen.
Propinat, drink to you.
130. Regi. Cf. line H, note.
131. Pertusa laena, ablative of characteristic.
132. Quadringenta (sestertia), cf. Ill, 155, note.
133. Homuncio, nominative.
136, Ultras, the loin.
Praestat, he (the master) offers.
139. A parody on Verg. Aeu. IV, 328, 329, *' Si quis mihi parvolus aula
luderet Aeneas?" 1
141. The meaning of this passage is doubtful. The best sense seems to be
made by taking Mycale to mean the man's wife. " If you come into a fortune
you will be treated with great respect, but you must take care that there be no
children to inherit it. else you will lose the great man's favor ; now your wife
may have as many children as may be, and he will be amused by them."
The attention supposed to be paid to the children seems out of keeping with
the previous description of a poor man's treatment, but I see no better ex-
planation. Weidner reads sua in liue 141, and explains parasitus as coaxing.
146. Vilibus amiciB, poor friends.
Ancipites fungi, dubious mushrooms.
147. Boletus, a choice sort of edible fungus.
Quales i. e., boiftos.
Claudius was poisoned by means of a boletus medicatus (ilium uxoris) by
his wife Agrippina, with the aid of Lucusta. Cf. I, 71, note.
150. Poma, the regular last course at the cena. Cf. Hor. Sat. I, 3, 6,
ab ono usque ad mala.
151. Fhaeacum. The Phaeacians. The garden of their king Alcinous
is described, Horn. Od. VII.
152. Bororibus Afris. The Hesperides, who
cared for the golden apples.
153. Another difficult passage. The
meaning seems to be, "You will have a
wretched specimen of an apple, such as the
monkey is fed with, when the soldiers
amuse themselves by teaching him to ride 2 n_ f .
a goat and throw a spear."
Aggere seems to refer to the wall of Servius Tullius, just within which
was the Praetorian camp.
157. He does this, not from parsimony, but because he enjoys your em-
barrassing position.
162. Culinae. Fig. 29 represents the kitchen in the house of fbnsa at
Pompeii.
SATIRE VII.
143
163. Blum, Virro.
164. Etruscnm anrum i. c., the bulla, the sign of free
birth : with the rich, it was a circular plate of gold worn
about the neck ; with the poor, it seems to have been of
leather. Cf. Fig. 30, which shows a Roman Hchool-boy
wearing the bulla.
Puero, as a boy.
168i Inde, and therefore.
169. Omnes, all of you.
Stricto pane j a play on the phrase stricto gladio, with
drawn sword. Cf. ense stricto, I, 165.
170. After all, it is your own fault, and doubtless pj gg _B O T
some day we shall see you taking the part of the sim- wearing the bulla.
pleton on the stage.
SATIRE VII.
INTRODUCTION. The Emperor is the poet's only friend. If you look
elsewhere for patronage, you may as well burn your poems ; the rich will
praise you, but let you reach old age in poverty. The rich man is a poet
himself, and thinks he does enough for you if he lends you a room for your
recitations, letting you pay for hiring the chairs. And yet it is hard to
break one's self of the habit of writing. The true poet should, like Horace
and Vergil, be free from petty anxieties. The comic actor is the l>est
patron in these days, and if you want to succeed you must write down to
his taste. The writing of history is hardly more profitable, and the lawyers
are not in much better case. Great pleaders, to be sure, receive largo ti < .-,
but the majority bankrupt themselves in trying to keep up the dignity of
their position. The rhetorician works hard for his money, and then very
likely has to sue for it; while such triflers as music-masters reap large
fortunes. Quintilian is an exception, to be sure, but his was a case of rare
good luck. Schoolmasters are quite as badly off. They are expected to
know everything, and to make all their pupils both wise and good; then
for a year's work they receive the fee of a single victory in the circus.
1. Caesare, the Emperor, probably Hadriun, possibly Trajan.
2. Camenas. Cf. Ill, 16, note.
3. Bespexit | respicio often has the idea of looking on with favor; of.
regard.
4. Qabiia. Cf. Ill, 192, note.
7. Atria (auctionaria), auction-roomt.
Clio, properly the Muse of History, here used for any of the Muses, and
so for the poet.
. A
144 NOTES.
8. Pieria umbra. The grove of the Muses lay on Mount Ilelicon, in
Boeotia, between the fountains Aganippe and Ilippocroue.
9. Machaerae, unknown ; some auctioneer of tlie day.
10. Gommissa auctio. Tlie simplest explanation seems to be that com-
missa auctio = audio bonorum commissorum'i. e., goods intrusted to the
auctioneer.
12, Nothing is known of these works! The names may stand for any
poor productions.
15. Quamqnam (hoc} faciant. Many editors consider this line spurious,
because Asiani would include Cappadoces and Bithyni, and because the
first syllabic of Bithyni is elsewhere long. Proper names, however, are
not always used with exactness.
16. Altera Gallia i. e., Galatia. These " knights" are slaves who have
made fortunes in Rome.
Undo talo. Cf. note I, 111.
Traducit j most editors take this to mean exposes (J"or sale). I think it
means sends over (to v).
19. Eloquium vocale, melodious words.
Laurumque mcmordit, has tasted. Probably with reference to the chewing
of laurel-leaves by the priestess of Apollo, at Delphi.
20. Circumspicit, etc. ; the subject of the verbs is duds indulgentia.
22. Qua aliunde, anywhere else.
23. Oroceae tabellae. The yellow-stained cover. The sheets (membrana)
were sometimes inclosed in boards, much after the style of modern binding.
Membrana, nom. pi. neut. instead of the usual fern, form membranae.
24. Lignorum, partitive genitive.
25. Veneris marito i. e., Vulcan, the god of fire.
Telesine stands for any author. The name occurs in inscriptions, and is
used by Martial.
26. Clude. Juvenal uses both forms of this word, cludo and claudo
e. g., clausam, I, 124; cluderet^ III, 19.
Tinea pertnnde, bore through with the book-worm i. e., let the book-
worm destroy.
27. Calamum. Cf. Fig. 31.
Yigilata proelia i. e., descriptions of battles, which you have sat up late
to write.
28. Cella, " den."
29. Venias = prodeas.
Imagine macra, the bust would be lean as representing a poorly fed poet.
32, Tit pueri lunonis avem (kiudant).
Bed deflnit aetas, etc. Meanwhile your time of active life is passing away,
and your eloquent but empty-handed old age is disgusted with itself and
its art.
SATIRE VIL
145
38 ff. The patron, for whoso sake you desert the temple of fame, makes
verses himself and yields the palm to Homer only because of his antiquity.
If you want a chance to recite your poems, he offers you a long-unused
apartment, and sends his frecdmen as an audience ; but for pay I he will
not spend enough to hire the benches.
Artes, schemes.
Ne quid oonferat depends on/acit and the following verbs.
abed e
FIG. 31. Writing materials, a. Various forms of the stylus ; 6. Instrument for
smoothing tne wax of the tablet ; c. Tablets ; d. Ink stand and calamus ; e.
Papyrus-roll.
40, Macnlosas, dirty. Maculosai is the reading of Heinrich, adopted by
Macleane and Mayor. The MSS. have Maculonus or Macvlonie, which
must be explained as the name of the patron.
41, Longe = diu.
Ferrata, locked i. e., unused.
Doraus (as aede* above) = room.
42, Sollicitas portas, the anxious gates (of a city in time of siege).
45, Quanti, so-called genitive of price, probably locative.
46, Raised seats resting OH hired beams.
47, And the orchestra set out with hired chairs. The room is arrayed
like a theatre; the orchestra space in front, then the common benches
(subsellia), then the raised seats. All this furnishing must be provided by
the poor poet himself.
48 f, But we keep at it, plowing the sand, wasting our labor.
Sterili may be used with aratro bv hypallage, or it may mean unprofitable.
52. Scribendi oacoethes. The expression has become proverbial.
63-59. The principal idea is contained in the words animus anzietate
carens vatem egreginm faoit,
53. Publica vena, cf. Eng., the popular vein.
54. Expositum, well known, commonplace.
55. Communi moneta, with the common stamp. Of. Hor. A. P. 69, signa-
tum praesente nota prodttcere nomen.
56. Qualem nequeo, etc. ; I can point you to uo example ; 1 only ted what
such a poet is.
146
NOTES.
Fiq. 32. Figure bear-
ing the thyrsus.
58. Inpatiens, not suffering, so free from.
69. Aonidnm. The Muses were called Aohides from Aonia, the ancient
name of Boeotia.
60. Thyrsum. The staff of Bacchus, the symbol
of poetic inspiration. Cf. Fig. 32.
61. Quo. Its antecedent is aeris, and it is in the
ablative with eget.
62. The allusion seems to be to Horace's lyric
poems ("Euhoe" may imply this), for when he wrote
satires he was poor enough.
64. DomMs Cirrhae Nysaeque i. e., Apollo and
Bacchus. Cirrha was on the Corinthian Gulf. The
location of Nysa is uncertain ; it was connected with
the early worship of Bacchus. Note the absence of
the preposition.
65. Peotora is the subject of vacant and feruntur.
66. Lodice, a blanket.
67. Attonitae, perplexed, worried, agrees with mentis.
68. Alecto, urged on by Juno, roused Turnus, the Rutulian king, to
jealousy when Latinus gave his daughter Lavinia to Aeneas. Cf. Verg
Aen. VII, 420 ff; Livy I, 2.
69. Puer, a slave ; so wals, garfon, and boy.
Desaet = deesset. Cf. derit, III, 303 ; derat, IV, 72.
70. Caderent, Not " imperfect for pluperfect," but imperfect, because
Juvenal thinks of the poem, and BO of Vergil himself, as existing at hk
own time.
71 We expect a poet, whose Atreus has
driven him to the pawn-broker, to vie with
the ancients. Our rich men have no money
for literature, but plenty for other things.
72. Rubrenus Lappa, unknown.
Cothnrno | the cothurnus was a boot worn
by tragic actors, as shown in Fig. 38.
79. Lucanus. M. Annaeus I/ucaniis (born
39 A. i). ), author of the historical poem Phar-
salia. He was very rich, and could therefore
afford to be " contentusfamn."
80. Serrano, Atiliu- Serranus, whose debts
Martini speaks of, IV, 37, 2.
Tenni here seems to mean poor ; cf. et in tenui re, Hor. Epist. I, 20, 20.
Saleio, Kaleius Batsus. Ct. Quint. X, 1, 90. Little is known of him.
81. Wfuit will fume, however great, be ij it is onlyjame?
82. Amicae, welcome.
FIG. 33. Actore wearing the
cothurnus.
SATIRE vn. 147
83. Statins. P. I'apinius Statius was the court poet of Domitian. His
Thehnix was evidently popular.
86. Fregit subsellia, hronglU, down the home; for equally strong explo-
sions, cf. convulx'i mnrmorn and ruptae columiiae, I, 1'J, 13.
87. Intactam Agaven. Agave was the name of a play ; intactam probably
means before it was acted by any one else. Paris was a favorite actor in
the time of Domitian.
88. Die, Paris. Et seems to mean even.
89. Semestri auro, the gold (ring) which was the badge of a six-months'
office, and the sign of equestrian rank.
90 f. Actors, imperial favorites, are the generous givers of our time :
what is the use of courting men of rank i
92. Pelopea, Philomela, names of plays.
94. Maecenas, friend ot Augustus, patron of Horace.
Proculeius, proverbial for generosity. Hor. Od. II, 2, 5.
95. Fabius and Cotta were patrons of Ovid.
Lentnlus was instrumental in Cicero's recall from exile.
97. Pallere, etc. i. e., to be pale and abstemious was profitable then.
Toto Decembri. December was the " season " in Rome.
100. Modo, limit.
101. Mnlta agrees with papyro.
Damnosa, costly.
104. Acta legenti. The acta were daily records of matters of interest,
like our newspapers.
105. Genus ignavum i. e., historians are lazy fellows.
106. The lawyers fare no better.
107. Fasce, bundle.
Libelli, documents.
108 ff. The lawyer makes a great noise (about his income) if one of his
own creditors is listening to him, or if a client comes to consult him about
a bad debt. Thus seems to me the simplest explanation. Others think
magna sonant refers to his efforts in the court-room.
109. Tetigit latns, nudges Mm.
Bio i. e., creditore.
110. Nomen, debt.
111. Oavi folles i. e., his cheeks.
112. Conspuitnr sums. There are two explanations given. He talks BO
energetically that he foams at the mouth, and the folds of his toga suffer
for it; or he lies so abominably that he spits (three times), to avert the
wrath of the gods. I think the former is preferable.
Veram deprendere messem, etc. If you want to know what the real harvest
of their labors is, put the income of a hundred lawyers on one side and the
pay of a single charioteer on the other. So in our times the income of a
148 NOTES.
favorite base-ball player might be compared with that of several literary
men, without exciting the envy of the former.
114. Russati. The charioteers were divided into four guilds, alba, rus-
sata, reneta, prasina (or viridis), white, red, blue, green. Cf. note XI, 198,
and see the excellent description of a chariot-race in Wallace's ' 'Ben Hur. "
For the costume of the auriga, cf. page 54.
Lacernae. Proper name.
115. Ovid, Meta. XIII, 1, describes the contest between Ajax and
Ulysses for the arms of Achilles.
116. Bubulco iudice, with some stupid countryman for judge.
118. Scalarum gloria. The poor lawyer, living in an attic, adorned the
staircase.
120. Pelamydum (genitive plural), a kind of cheap fish.
Epimenia, rations.
121. Tiber! de vectum. The better wines, on the contrary, would be
brought up the Tiber.
122. Egisti, pleaded.
123. Pragmaticorum. The pragmatici were consulting attorneys, as
distinguished from the causidici or pleaders.
124. Real merit has little to do with a lawyer's fees ; the one that makes
the greatest show gains the most.
Et, and yet.
127. Bellatore, war-horse.
Minatur, threatens the spear i. e., threatens with the spear. Cf. "he
threatens fight" or "threatens a blow."
128. Lusca, with one eye shut. Not a dignified position ; but Juvenal is
not concerned with the man's dignity, but with his absurd vanity and
ostentation.
129. Pedo, Matho, and Tongilius, imitate this extravagance and become
bankrupt.
Conturbat (rationes), becomes bankrupt.
130. Rhinocerote, a rhinoceros-horn for an oil-flask.
182. luvenes Maedos L e., his litter-bearers.
133. Murrina (msa).
134. Spondet i. e. , gives him credit.
Tyrio filo, ablative of characteristic.
Stlataria. Stlata is said to be an early form of lota (as stlocus of locus),
and to mean a broad ship, hence stlataria is supposed to mean impwted;
others translate deceptive, taking stlata as a pirate-ship.
135. Vendit, makes a market for.
136. Amethystina (vcstimenta).
137. Strepitu and facie are ablatives of manner ; the preposition cum is
not used, because the genitive maior is census takes the place of an adjective.
SATIRE VII. 149
138. The extravagance of Rome makes it impossible to call a halt.
139i EloquiOt Notice that fidere and conjidere arc used both with the
dative and with the ablative, which IB explained us either ablative of source
(real ablative) or locative ablative.
143. Gonducta Sardonyche = with a hired seal-ring.
Paulas, Gallus, and Basilus, all poor lawyers.
144. Pluris i. e., for a larger fee.
148. Gaul and Africa, where eloquence is well paid, are the places for
you if you want to earn wealth with your tongue.
150. Vetti, Vettius was a well-known teacher of rhetoric.
151. Classis, class.
154i Crambe, cabbage. It is the same warmed-over cabbage that wears
out the teacher's nerves. Cf. the Greek proverb, U *paf0> Oavarot.
155. Quis color, etc. They want to know all about rhetoric, but not to
pay for it.
158. AppeUas, cnllfor, demand.
Culpa docentis, etc. This is the ironical answer of the teacher.
159. Laevae parte mamillae (parte = a parte). The heart was often con-
sidered as the seat of intelligence.
161. Hannibal was a favorite subject for school declamations. Cf. X,
166: "/ denuns, et saevas curre per Alpet, ut pueris pUtceits et declama-
cio fiat*?" 1
165. Ask what you choose and take it, that his father (you) may have
to listen to his declamations as often as I have.
Quod do, for I (will) give it (gladly).
167. Sophiatae, another name for teachers of rhetoric. They throw up
their teaching in disgust and go to practicing luw ; but it is only a jump
from the frying-pan into the fire.
168. Eaptore relioto i. c., they leave the subjects of fictitious declama-
tions.
171. Bndem, Gladiators on retiring from the arena after long service
received the rudis as a token of honorable dismissal. Cf. Ilor. Epist. I,
1, 2, donatum iam rude.
174. Summula, etc. The tesserae frtimenti were about equivalent to the
soup-tickets which are sometimes distributed gratuitously in modern times.
Juvenal means that the teacher might as well go to the poor-house at once.
Venit, from veneo.
175. Tempta, examine, consider.
176. Chrysogonns mul Polio were music teachers.
177. Artem, text-book.
Scindes, you will tear up. The MSS. have scindens. Maclcanc, who
retains it, says it means " cutting up," and so " deriding."
Theodori, a rhetorician.
150 NOTES.
178. The rich man (dominus) is niggardly in his son's education, that
he may furnish himself with all luxuries.
183i Algentem i. e., the ivinter sun.
184. Quanticumque domus, however costly the house.
185. Conditi the change to the indicative (if the reading be correct) is
rather unusual.
188! "How does Quintilian come to be rich if, as you say, rhetoricians
are so ill paid ? " " Quintilian," Juvenal answers, " is a favorite of fort-
une ; when a man is born under a lucky star, all rules yield."
189. Novoram, strange, unusual.
192. One of the badges of senatorial rank is referred to.
194. Si = etsi. Weidner has ni.
199. Ventidius. P. Ventidius Bassus, consul 43 B. c., had been carried
as captive in a triumph by the father of Pompey the Great.
Tullius. Scrvius Tullius, one of the legendary kings of Borne, was said
to have been born of a slave mother.
200. Sidus, the stars.
203. Cathedrae i. e., the professor's chair. Cf. the phrase ex cathedra.
204. Thrasymachi, The Scholiast says he hanged himself.
Second! Carrinatis. Secundus Carrinas was banished by Caligula. He is
s.ad to have poisoned himself at Athens.
205. Huno, Socrates.
207 f. Terrain, orooos, and ver are the objects of some verb, such as date
understood. The letters S. T. T. L., sometimes found on tombs, are for
sit tibi terra lewis.
210 ff, Metnens virgae, etc. (For the genitive, cf. metuensque flagelli, V,
154.) Achilles was submissive to his tutor Chiron, the centaur, and did
not even make fun of the horse's tail.
214. Diiit. Subject is iuventus. His pupils beat him, even though they
recognized his ability by calling him the " AUobrogian Cicero." This
seems better than reading qui for quern.
215. Celadi, Palaemonis ; grammarians.
218. Discipuli oustos i. e., the paedagogus, the slave that was put in
charge of the boy.
Acoononoetns = a.Ko<.vov6rrro? = unfeeling, selfish.
219. Qni dispensat. The dispensator was the agent or steward. Cf. I, 91.
221. Like a petty tradesman, who must pay a commission to the agent
in order to secure the master's custom.
222 f. Mediae sedisti. This clause is the subject ofpereat.
224. Deducere, to card.
225-227. Provided you gain something for having endured the smoky
lamps that blacken the pages of the text- books in the school-room.
227. FlaccuB 5. e., Horace.
SATIRE VIII. 151
Maronl i. e., Vergil.
228. Small as the fee is, one usually has to sue for it.
229. Vos i. e., the parents.
230. I. e., that he make no mistakes in syntax.
233. Phoebi balnea) the scholiast says these were private baths.
235. Anchemoli. Mentioned by Vergil, Aen. X, 389.
Acestes. Vergil, Aen. 1, 195.
Annis j the ablative is very often used by writers of this period to ex-
press duration i. e., time within which.
237. Ducat, model.
239. Coetus, the company i. c., the scholars.
242. " When pay-day comes, I will give you as much as a successful
gladiator or charioteer gains." Cf. Note XI, 198.
SATIRE VIII.
INTRODUCTION. The general subject is false pride of ancestry. What
is the advantage of a noble name if you disgrace it by your vices? The
only real nobility is that of virtue. Rubellius Blandus will find that, while
he is boasting of his rank, the plebeians are becoming the orators and gen-
erals of the State. The pedigree of a horse will not save the animal from
the treadmill. Do you, Ponticus, depend upon yourself, perform your own
duty. If you are the governor of a province, spare your subjects. Men of
noble names have been condemned for extortion, and yet what does the
province gain if the next governor takes what his predecessor leaves ? Con-
sider what the provinces were and what they are.
It is not even safe to plunder warlike Spain and Africa as effeminate
Greece has been plundered.
If, then, you rule your province righteously, you will be an honor to
your noble ancestors, as, on the other hand, cruelty and dishonesty are
less excusable in one nobly born.
The degenerate Lateranus has become a frequenter of cook-shops, and
the companion of men of the lowest sort; Damasippus has gone on tin-
comic stage, and Gracchus has disgraced himself by appearing as a
gladiator.
If the people could speak, would they not prefer a Seneca to a Nero?
Catiline and Cethegus, nobles by birth, were traitor* to Rome ; Cicero, a
novus homo, was its preserver. So, too, Marius and the Deoii deserved
well of the State ; and the treachery of Brutus was defeated by a slave. Go
back to the earliest days, and you will find that we are all descended from
shepherds or less creditable ancestors.
152
NOTES.
li Stemmata, The stemma was the collection of ancestor - portraits
(imagines) with the accompanying inscriptions (lituli), connected by lines
showing the relationship.
6. Generis tabula, family roll.
lactare, to boast of, followed by the accusative (Corvinum). Cf. Hor.
Odes, I, 14, 13, lactes et genus et nomen.
7. Mnlta contingere virga may mean to trace through many a branch.
Others take virga to mean broom ; others wand, used in pointing out the
famous names on the stemma ; others make it = fasces. The genuineness
of the line is very doubtful.
8. Fumosos. The imagines were in the atrium, where the
focus stood. Cf. Fig. 36.
9. Gonun Lepidis i. e., under the very eyes of one's great
ancestors.
Quo = quam ad rem.
11. Ante Numantinos, The idea is the same as in coram
Lepidis above. The name Humantinus was given to Scipio
Atricanus the younger after the capture of Numantia. The plural is used
to make the reference general.
13. Allobrogicis. Q. Fabius Maximus Aemilianus defeated the Allobrogea
121 B. c. The ara magna (maxima) in the Forum Boarium was said to
have been dedicated to Hercules by Evander. Cf. Livy, I, 7.
14. Herculeo lare. The Fabii traced descent from Hercules.
15. Euganea. The wool of Venetia, in which district the Euganei lived,
was famous. Cf. Livy, I, 1.
Fie. 35. Ground-iilnn of the so-culled " House of Pansa," at Pompeii. 1. En-
traiice-liall : 2. Atrium ; .'j. Itnpluviilin : 4. Tabllnum ; 5. Passage; 6. Biblio-
theca ; 7. Perityliuin ; 8. Piscina ; 9. Oecus ; 10. Passage ; 11. Hortos.
SATIRR V11I.
153
16. Oatinensi. f'atina was at the foot of Mount Aetna. The Romans
used pumice-stone in their elaborate toilets.
17. Traducit, disgraces. For the change uf meaning, cf. Kng. traduce.
18. Frangenda imagine. The statues of great criminals were publicly de-
stroyed. Cf. X, 58, Descendant statiiac resteiaque sequuntur.
19. Oeraej the wax masks of ancestors. Cf. Fig. 34.
20. Atria | the atrium was the principal room iu the Roman house. Cfc
Figs. 35 and 36.
Sola atque unica, cf. Hor. Epist. I, fi, 1, una solaque.
22, Hos (as Uli in the next h'ne) refers to mores.
FIG. 36. Atrium.
23. Te console i. e., when your time of power cornea.
Virgas = fasces.
24. Mihi debes i. e., I have a right to demand from you.
Haberi, to be considered, held.
26. Agnosco procerem, (then) I recognize the nobleman i. e., I acknowledge
your nobility.
27 ff. Qnocnrnqne, etc. i. e., wherever you come from, you are a fortunate
acquisition, and your rejoicing country rn/ well cry out, "Eureka /" a* do
the Egyptiiins when they discover Osiris.
To the Romans Osiris was the same as Apis. When the bull Apit,
whose body the god was supposed to inhabit, died, the Kiryptians made
154: NOTES.
great efforts to find the new creature to which the divinity had fled, and
when their search was rewarded great rejoicings took place.
31. Et connects indignus and insignia.
32, Nanurn, dwarf. As men give names in mockery, be careful lest
your conduct be so inconsistent with your great name that men will call
you Creticus or Camcrinus only in derision.
38. Sic, Macleane has *, and says, " It does not require much taste
to see that Juvenal did not write sic." Sic is the suggestion of Junius,
and is adopted by Jahn, Ribbeck, Weidner, and Mayor.
39. Rubelli Blande, C. Rubellius Blandus was descended from the im-
perial family, through Julia, a granddaughter of Tiberius. Tiberius's
brother, as well as his son, was named Drusus.
42. Ut concipereti Subjunctive in a clauae of result. The subject of
tlie verb is ea, understood as the antecedent of quae.
43. Conducta, hired. Cf. Ill, 225, tenebr as conducts.
Aggere, the wall of Servius Tullius. Cf. Livy I, 44; Sat.
V, 153.
46. Cecropides i. e., a descendant of Cecrops, the (mythical)
founder of Athens.
47. Qniritem, the distinctive name of a Roman citizen. Prob-
ably used here to emphasize the contrast with Cecropides.
53. Truncoque Hermae. The Hermae were statues in which
only the head, and sometimes the bust, was modeled, all the
rest being left as a plain block. Cf. Fig. 37.
55. Imago i. e., your only advantage is that you are a living
blockhead.
58. Facili i. e., an easy winner.
Palma, hand.
59. Ferret, grows warm i. e., by the exertion of applauding. Hermes.
61. In aequore, on the plain.
62. Venale pecus, (mere) market cattle.
Coryphaei et Hirpini, famous race -horses. The genitives depend on
posteritas.
Posteritaa is in apposition with pecus.
66. Epiraedia. Probably heavy carts are meant.
67. Cf. Fig. 88.
68. Primum is the reading of the MSS. Privum, a conjecture adopted
by several editors = proprivm, your own.
69. Titnlia. Of. note, line 1.
71. Invenem. Cf. line 39.
72. Plenumqne Herone propinquo, full of his relative, Nero i. e., puffed
up by his relationship to Nero.
73. Benana oommunis, not common sense, but savoir faire, a sense of the
SATIRE V1I1.
155
fitness of things. Cf. Hor. Sat. I, 3, 66, Communl sentu plant caret.
Possibly, as Weidner suggests, the sente of equality in the IState.
74, Censeri laude, for the construction, cf. line 2.
75. Pontice. Cf. line 1.
Noluerim ; the perfect subjunctive is often used to express a thing
modestly and cautiously.
Futurae laudis. The use of the " genitive of quality " was gradually
more and more extended.
78. Palmes, etc. Vines were trained on elm-trees.
Fio. 38. Roman mill.
Viduas. Cf. Horace's use of caelebs with platanut. Odes II, 15, 4.
79. Tutor, guardian.
81. Phalaria. The tyrant of Agrigentum and his brazen bull had become
proverbial. Cf. Grote, History of Greece, V, 274.
Licet, although.
82. Falsus has two meanings: active, deceitful, and passive, deceived;
cf. caecus = blind and dark. Blind itself has also a passive sense, as in
the phrase a blind alley ; cf. Milton, In the blind mazes of thit tangUd
wood.
83. Pndori, honor.
85, Dignns morte perit i. e., the man that deserves to die is, to all in-
tents and purposes, dead. Perit is the perfect tense.
86. Gaurana, Mount Gaums was near the Lucrine Lake. Cf. IV, 141.
156
NOTES.
Oosmi, Cosmus was a famous perfumer at Rome. Aheno is the copper
(kettle) in which he prepared his perfumes.
88. Irae, dative.
90. Vacuis mednllis, ablative of quality.
91. Eespice, consider. Cf. Ill, 268, Eespice . . .
pericula.
Curia, the Roman Senate.
92. Maneant, aivait.
93. Et Capito et Numitor. Capito was governor
of Cilicia in 56 A. D. Numitor is unknown.
94. Piratae, in apposition with Capito and J$u-
mitor.
Bed quid damnatio confert? i. e., what good does
it do the plundered provincials ? Cf. I, 47 ff.
95. " Look up an auctioneer for your rags,
Chaerippus." Chaerippus represents the inhabitants
of the province.
96. Pansa Natta. Fictitious (?) names for pro-
vincial governors.
97. Keep quiet and make the best of it ; don't
spend what little you have left in paying your
passage - money (naulon) to Rome, to bring suit
against your despoiler.
99 1 Damnorum, losses.
101. Chlamys, a loose garment, shown in FIG. 39. Statue of Pho-
Fijr. 39.
Conchylia Goa.
especially fine.
102. Parrhasii. A famous Greek painter, who lived about 400 B. o.
Myronis. The celebrated sculptor, born about 500 B. c.
103. Phidiacum, Phidias (about 490-430 B. c.), the greatest sculptor of
Greece. Among his works were the sculptures of the Parthenon (cf. Fig.
40), the ivory and gold statue of Jupiter, at Olympia, and that of Athena in
the Parthenon.
Polyclitd. Cf. ITT, 217.
104. Labor. Cf. Eng. work.
Earae, etc. Mentor was the most famous silversmith of antiquity. For
the use of the artist's name instead of his work, cf. "a Ifaphael."
105. Dolabella. Province-plundering seems to have been the business
of the family. Three of them were accused of such extortions.
Antonius. Two member* of thin family had unenviable reputations; C.
Antonius, who plundered Macedonia 59 B. c., and his brother, who did the
;mc for Sicily.
The purple stuffs of Cos were
kion wearing
cliianiys.
the
SATIRK VIII.
157
106. Venes. The infamous governor of Sicily (73- 70 B. o.), whom Cicero
prosecuted.
107. Plures, etc. i. e., tliey gained more l>y stealing in time of peace than
by capture in time of war.
Flo. 40. View of the Parthenon.
112. Nam snnt haec maxima, In olden times the provinces were rich,
and the Romans stole from them valuable works of art, etc.; now they t.tke
whatever they can find.
Despicias tu, etc. You may well despise the effeminate Greeks, but look
out for Spain and Gaul.
114. Resinata. Resin was used for smoothing the skin.
116. Axis, sky, region, land.
117. Latus, coast.
118. Saturant, furnish corn to, "provision." He means the Africans.
Cf. V, 118, note.
Circo scaenaeque, dative with vacantem. Vacant means haring leisure
for, then given tip to, devoted to. For the thought, cf. Ill, 223, ti potts
avelli circenxibiis.
120. Discinxerit, stripped, stole their very girdles.
123. The scutum was a large oblong shield, while the clipeus (buckler)
was round. The former is seen in Fig. 41.
125. Sententia, opinion.
128. Acersecomes, a long-haired, young favorite.
129. Conveutus. Each province was divided into judicial districts, in
each of which some town was selected where the governor held court.
Both the districts and the meetings were called conrentus.
158
NOTES.
130. Raptura i. e., coniunx.
Celaeno, another Celaeno. Celaeno was one of the harpies.
131. Tu licet, you may.
Pico. Picus, a son of Saturnus; was one of the early mythical kings of
Italy.
132. Omnem Titanida pngnam, the whole battle array of the Titans. The
Titans were sons of Earth ; ancestry could hardly be traced further back.
Prometheus was one of the Titans, and sometimes represented as the
creator of man.
135, Quod si, but if.
Praecipitem i. e., te.
137. Hebetes, blunted, by use.
139. Claramque facem praeferre, to shed a bright
light upon.
141. Habetur, is held, considered.
142. Quo mini te i. e., iactat.
143. Quae fecit avns, which your ancestor built.
145. Santonico. The Santones were a Gallic
tribe noted for their woolen manufactures.
146. Praeter, etc. i. e., on the roads lined
with tombs leading out of Borne. Cf. I, 171.
147. Lateranus. A Lateranus was consul 94 A. D.
148. Snfflamine, drag-chain.
149. Testes, nominative.
161. Clara luce, in broad daylight.
152. Trepidabit, shun.
153. He shows no respect for age, but salutes his aged friend with the
professional coachman's turn ot'the whip.
154. Tliis whole passage refers to the vulgarity of men of birth and
position becoming mere horse-jockeys and grooms.-
155. Lanatas i. e., ores.
Robum = robnrtum.
156. lurat, swearf by.
157. Eponam. Epona was the goddess of horses.
Fades, etc. i. e., pictures of Epona and kindred subjects.
Olida, rank.
Praesepia. Cf. I, 59, c?/ lona donavit praesepibus.
158. Pervigiles. Cf. Ill, 275, cigilts fenestrae.
Instaurare, to frequent.
159. Syrophoenix, the host.
160. This line is rejected by many editors, fdumaeae portae has re-
ceived no satisfactory explanation. It may refer to a gate in that quarter
of Rome where such taverns were plentiful.
FIG. 41. Fijrare bearing
the scutum.
SATIRE VIII. 159
162. Oyanis is the hostess.
Succincta. Cf. Hor. Sat. II, 6, 107, tuccinctus cursitat hospeg.
168. Thermarum oalioes, hot drinks of wine and water are probably
meant.
InBoriptaque lintea seems to refer to the curtains hanging in front of the
taverns, with signs upon them.
170 fc Praestare Neronem securum, to protect the Emperor i. e., his
country.
171. Ostia, accusative plural. Ostia was the point of embarkation for
foreign service.
Caesar refers to the Emperor.
173. Percussore, cut-throat.
175. Fabros sandapilarum, makers of cheap coffins.
176. Oessantia, silent, no longer in me.
Galli. The Galli or priests of Cybele were not noted for temper-
ance.
180. A slave that did such things would be sent to work in the Lucaniau
fields (agros is to be supplied), or put into the Etruscan chain-gang.
181. Troingenae. Cf. I, 100, ipsos Troiugenas.
182. Cerdoni. Cf. IV, 153, postquam cerdonibus esse timendus coeperat.
Voleaoa. The reference is probably to Volesus Valerius, founder of the
Valerian gens.
186. Sipario, the curtain before the stage in the theatre.
Phasma Catulli refers to " The Ghost," a mimus (farce), of Catullus (who
should not be confused with the famous lyric poet of that name).
187. Lanreolum, the name of one of the mimi t in which the hero, also
called Laureolus, was crucified.
189. Frons, shameless ness.
Durior, translate greater.
190. Triaourria, tri- intensifies the meaning.
191i Planipedes \ the actors in the mimi usually appeared without either
the cothurnus of tragedy or the soccitg of comedy.
192. Mamercornm alapas, mimic blows received by the Mamerci.
Funera, probably refers to " moral death." Ribbeck reads munera =
services.
194. This verse is probably spurious. OeW must refer to the exalted
seat of the praetor at the games.
195. Gladios, death. Gladios and pulpita are the subjects of poni.
Others read pone, making pulpita its object
196. Quid = utrum.
Ut sit, a clause of result. Juvenal in almost as severe on the amateur
actor us on the amateur horse-jockey.
197. Zelotypus, the jealous hutband; Btupidi, tht clown.
J60
NOTES.
198, Citharoedo principe, as Nero was. If the prince plays the lute, the
noble will play the clown. For the cithara, cf. Fig. 42.
Fio. 43. Various forms of tin 1 cithara.
Mimns, an actor of this sort is represented in Fig. 43.
199. Lucius i. e., the gladiatorial games. Even here the degenerate
noble (Gracchus) chooses the most disgraceful form of gladiatorial equip-
ment, for lie fights not with the arms of the mur-
millo, nor with the shield, nor with the scimiter,
but as a retiarius, armed with a trident and a net,
lightly clothed, without a helmet, and thus easily
recognized. The murmillo is probably represented
upon the sepulchral monument in Fig. 41 ; for the
retiarius and secutor, cf. Fig. 17.
202. Tli is line is rejected by several editors.
203. Oalea. The form of helmet used by the
gladiators is seen in Fig. 44.
205. Effmlit, cast. The retiarius gathered the
net in his hand and attempted to throw it so as to
entangle his opponent.
207 f. Credamus tnnicae, etc., we must believe his
tunic when, gold-embroidered, it stretches out from
his neck and the gold cord flutters from his tall cap. This was the costume
of the Sulii, priests of Mars. For the galenis, cf. Fig. 45.
212. Seneca, the philosopher, was Nero's tutor, and was murdered by
the order of his former pupil.
213. Supplicio, dative with pnrari.
214. Simla serpens culleua. A parricide was punished by being put
into a sack with a dog, a snake, a cock, nnd an ape, and then cast into
the sea.
218. Ant. The negative idea is carried over from nee.
Spartan! ooniugii. Orestes married Ilerrnione, daughter of Menelaus
and Helen.
Fio. 43. Mimus.
SATIRE VIII.
161
220i Nero's worst crimes were his artistic ones. For the intentional
anti-climax, cf. Ill, 7-9.
221. Troica. Nero wrote verses on the Trojan war.
Quid enim, etc. For what that Nero did was more deserving of punish-
ment at the hands of his enemies ?
FIG. 44. Gladiators' armor.
Verginins ( Rufus) took up arms against Nero in Germany, (Juliut) Vindex
in Gaul, and (iHervint) Galba in Spain.
223. Cruda, brutal.
224. Generosi,
225. Peregrina ad pulpita, Suetonius says that
aj'i'carcil as contestant in the iraiut's in Greece.
226. Prostitui. The Latin passive sometimes has tins
force of the Greek middle. Fie. 45. Oalcrus.
162
NOTES.
FIG. 46. Dolabra.
Apinm, parsley.
227. Let him lay all these trophies of his disgraceful victories at the
feet of the statues of his ancestors.
228 f. Domiti. Nero was the son of Cn. Domitius Alienobarbus.
Thyestes, Antigone, and Melanippa were tragic parts played by Nero.
229. Syrma, the trailing robe worn by actors in tragedy.
23L Cf. line 237, note.
234. Ut, as if you were.
Bracatorum = Gallorum.
235, Tnnioa molesta. Cf. I, 155, note.
237. Novus Arpinas, Cicero, the novas homo, who saved the State, is con-
trasted with the men of old family, who sought to destroy it.
240 f. Tantum nominis, such glory.
241. Leuoade refers to the battle of Actium as Thessaliae campis to the
battle of Philippi.
242. Abstnlit, bore off, gained.
243. Caedibus depends on udo.
OUadio is ablative of instrument.
Bed libera i. e., Rome was free
when she gave the title to Cicero.
245. Arpinas alias, C. Marius.
247. Frangebat vertice vitem, he broke with his head the centurion's rod,
which seems to have been freely used to punish the common soldiers i. e.,
he served as a soldier, and had the rod broken over his head if he was slow
at his work.
248. The dolabra is shown in Fig. 46.
252. Qni. Its antecedent is corvi, the subject of volabant.
253. Nobilis collega, Catulut.
254. Deciorum, P. Decius Mus gave x his life for his country in the battle
against the Latins, 340 B. c. ; cf. Livy VIII, 9 ; his son, of the same name,
followed his example in the battle of Sentinum. Cf. Livy X, 28.
258, Finns, of more value i. e., to the gods; so their sacrifice of their
lives saved the State.
259. Ancilla natus i. e., Servius TulUus. Cf. VTI,
199, note.
Trabeam, the royal robe, a toga ornamented with
horizontal purple stripes.
Diadema. Fig. 47 shows the form of the diadema.
281. Prodita clanstra i. e., the bolts that they had
betrayed.
Laxabant, imperfect of "attempted action."
262. Invenes i. e., the sons of Brutus, who aided
in the recall of the Tarquins. FIG. 47. Diadema.
SATIRE X. 163
264. Quod. Its antecedent is illiquid.
Cum Coclite Mucius. llnrntius Code* defended the bridge against Por-
BeniKi, ct. Livy II, 10. Mucius Scaeeoki burned off his hand when arrested
for an attempt to kill the same king.
Qnae natavit. Cloelia escaped from Porsenna and swum the Tiber to
Rome.
265. Fines, in apposition with Tiberinum (flumeri).
266 ff. I. e., Vindicius, the slave that discovered the plot of the sons of
Brutus to the senators, deserved to be mourned as Brutus was, while these
degenerate sons of Brutus deserved the punishment that they received.
268. Adficiunt. Its subjects arc verbera and securis.
Legom prima securis. Their execution was the first after the establish-
ment of laws i. e., of the republic.
269. Tberaites was a cowardly boaster in the Greek army before Troy.
Cf. II, H, 212 ff. lie was killed by Achilles.
270^ Aeacidae, Achilles, grandson of Aeacus.
272. Ut, although.
273. Asylo, Romulus was said to have obtained his citizens by opening
an asylum for criminals. Cf. Livy I, 8.
SATIRE X.
ON THE VANITY OF HUMAN WISHES.
INTRODUCTION. How few know what real good is ; how many strive for
that which serves only to injure them ! Eloquence, strength, wealth, all have
their victims. What wonder that Democritus laughed and Heraclitus wept
at the folly of men? But the folly of those times i.s far exceeded in our
own.
Power brings envy and ill-will ; Sejanus was second to the Emperor
alone ; in his fall he was hated ami despised. Would you not rather be a
humble magistrate in some country town than have Sejanus's power and
fate? Crassus, Pompey, Caesar, all illustrate the same thing.
Eloquence is fatal too. Cicero's Philippics brought upon him Antony's
vengeance. Demosthenes at the forge was safe ; danger and death came
when he had learned to sway the people at his will.
Military glory is both delusive and destructive. Hannibal died in
poverty and exile ; Alexander found room for all his greatness in a coffin ;
Xerxes suffered ignominious defeat.
Men pray for length of days, forgetful of the infirmities and sorrows
that attend it. Nestor's long life brought grief, and Peleus lived to mourn
Achilles. Had IVuun died before old age, lie might have U-eii spared
1 64 NOTES.
humiliation and disgrace. Hecuba lived longer still, and met a still worse
fate. Look, too, at M it hri dates, Croesus, Marius, Pompey.
Since, then, human wishes are vain, leave your happiness in the hands
of the gods, whose care it is. If you must offer prayers, pray for a sound
mind in a sound body ; for the spirit of peace that only virtue can give.
1. Gadibus. Cadiz was the western boundary of the world to the ancients.
2, Auroram et Gangen. Usque without ad is not usual except with names
of towns.
3. Ms, dative.
Eemota erroria nebula i. e., to remove the mist of error and
4, Batione, ablative of manner.
7. Domos, families.
8. Toga militia, in peace and war.
10. Hle t I think Macleane is right in referring this to the soldier, and
not, as most commentators do, to Milo of Croton, who tried to rend a tree-
trunk, but was held fast and devoured by wolves.
11. Periit. The i in the final syllable is long.
13. Cuncta patrimonia, object of exuperans.
14. Quanto i. e., tanto quanta.
16. Longinum. Gaius Cassius Longinus was a famous jurist, consul, and
praetor, who was banished by Nero. Lougiuum = domum Longini, so
Cererem for aedem Cereris.
Praedivitis Senecae, Cf. V, 109, note ; VIII, 212.
17. Lateranorum ; 1'lautius Lateranus was accused of participation in the
conspiracy of Piso.
18. Cenacula, garrets.
19. Licet, although.
Pnri, rimple.
21. Ad lunam, /// the moonlight.
22. VacnuB, empty-handed.
24. Maxima, etc. The bankers (argentarii) had their offices in the
Forum. The positions of the most important buildings are shown in Fig.
48. The heavy black linee mark existing ruins.
26. Fictilibus. Cf. Ill, 168, ficlilibus cenare pudet.
Pocnla gemmata. Cf. V, 43, gemma* adpocnla transfert.
28. lamne igitur laudaa = quod cum ita sit, certe iam kiudabis.
Alter, Democritut.
30. Anctor) Heraclitut, of Ephesus, about 500 B. c., who was called both
the weeping and the obscure philosopher.
34. Democritus, of Abdera, 460-567 B. c.
Quamquam with the subjunctive is usual in the silver age.
TJrbibus illis, etc. i. e., in the cities of his time and country there was
1H5
PIG. 48. Roman Fonun. (The plan is intended to ffive an idea of the Forum
during the early empire.) A. Forum proper; . Temple of Cam or and
Pollux ; C, Baallica Iiiliu : I). Temple of Siitiirn ; K. Portims of tin- I>ei Con-
sented ; F. Temple of Vespasian; (J. Tahularium : H. Temple of Ooocord;
I, Mamertinc risou ; K. Arch of Sc|)timius Scvcms cJ< A. i>.) : I.. Itasjlira
Porcia ; M. Curia Hostilia (luirncd ."> . r.) : N. Curiii lulia : (>. Basilica
Aemilia ; P. Temple of Antoninus and Faustina: (J. Temple of Vesta; R,
Comitium of the Republic : S. C'apitoline Hill ; T, Palatine Ilill ; U, Terrace
(Rostra r) ; V, Rostra vetera (?) ; \V, Rostra lulia.
166 NOTES.
no such ridiculous "pomp and circumstance"; suppose Democritus had
seen the praetor at the games or a consular triumph !
38. Tunica lovis i. e., the triumphal tunic, which was embroidered with
gold and bordered with purple. It was kept in the temple of Jupiter.
39. Aulaea, properly curtaint, used here of the heavy folds of the tri-
umphal toga.
Magnae coronae tantum orbem, such a great encircling crown.
40. Quanta, dative.
41. The crown was so heavy that it was not worn, but carried by a pub-
lic slave, who took his place beside the official in the chariot, and, accord-
ing to the common tradition, reminded the triumphator that he was but
mortal, atler all.
43. Da, picture to yourself. Cf. Ill, 137, da testem.
Voluorem i. e., the eagle.
44. Praecedentia, etc., = longum agmen pmecedentium ojiciosorum.
46. Niveos, white-robed. The white toga was the festal garb.
46. In looulos i. e., he has gained their friendship by the "pensions"
that they have stowed away in their coffers.
Sportola. Cf. I, 95.
47. Turn qnoque, even in those times.
49. Ezempla, object of daturos.
50. Vervecnm, blockheads. Abdera, like Boeotia, was famous for the
alleged stupidity of its inhabitants.
53. Mandaret laquenm, to commend the gallows to fortune, means, of
course-, to express scorn of her.
Mediumque ostenderet unguem. The middle finger was used in gestures
of contempt.
54. Vel, If the reading be right, must mean even. The MSS. omit vel,
which has been conjectured in order to avoid the hiatus.
55. Incerare. Petitions written on waxen tablets were laid on the knees
of the statues of the gods.
67. Invidiae, dative.
Honorum pagina. The Scholiast says that this refers to a bronze tablet
containing a list of titles.
68 ft Their statues are pulled down and dragged through the streets,
and even the marble representations of their horses and chariots are broken
in pieces.
59. InpacU securis, nom. sing.
81, Here follows a picture of the fate of the bronze Ptntue of Sejanus,
the ambitious favorite of Tiberius, who is selected as a striking example of
the disasters incident to " potent ta." He is the subject of a tragedy by
Ben Jonson, entitled " Stjanus."
Strident, so gtridtre, V, 160.
SATIRE X. 167
64. Sartago, pan.
65. It is an occasion of general rejoicing.
66. Oretatum = candidum, or refers to a custom of rubbing creta, white
clay, on those portions of tlie sacrificial victim that were other than pure
white.
67. What do the people, who made an idol of Sejanus, do when he
t'all.s Listen.
69. Crimine, accusation.
70. Delator, accuser.
Teste, witness.
72. Capreis, the modern Capri, where Tiberius retired from Rome 26 A. D.,
leaving the active conduct of the State to Sejanus.
Bene habet = " all right.' 1 ' 1 Cf. bene est ; bene agitur.
73. Turba Eemi. Remut is often used by poets for Romulus for the sake
of the metre.
74. Nortia. An Etruscan goddess, worshiped especially at Vulsinii, the
birthplace of Sejanus.
Tusoo i. c., Sejanus; dative.
75. Secura, from meaning safe from anxiety, comes to mean careless.
The whole means, if the old emperor had been caught napping.
76. Diceret, would be calling. The subject is turba Remi.
77 f. Long ago, as soon as we lost the sale of our votes, we (i. e., turba
Rsmi) threw off the cares of state. The irony in " ex quo svffragia nvlli
vendimus," for since the elections u-ere transferred from the people to the
senate, 5s bitter indeed.
81. Panem et ciroenses. Cf. Ill, 223, si potes avelli ctrcengibus ; VIII,
118. This phrase has become proverbial.
83. Bruttidius meus, my friend Bruttidius. Bruttidius Niger waa a
famous orator of the time ; perhaps he is meant.
84. Aiax i. e., Tiberiug, who, like Ajax conquered in his struggle with
Ulysses, may rage against the supposed friends who seem to have de-
serted him.
87. A side blow at the power possessed by slaves, and the ease with
which their testimony might ruin their masters.
90. Salntari refers to the morning reception.
91 f. Uli ilium, one another.
Curules i. e., curule offices, consulships, praetorships. Sejanus practi-
cally controlled such offices after Tiberius's retirement to Capri.
94. Qrege Chaldaeo. The Chaldaeans were famous astrologers, and
Tiberius was much given to that sort of superstition.
Certe, at least.
95. Castra domestioa i. e., the Praetorian cohorts.
96. Et qui, even those who.
108 NOTES.
97. Tanti. Cf. Ill, 54 ; tanti non sit omnis harena.
98. Ut, on condition that.
99. Qni trahitur. Cf. line 66, ducitur unco.
100. Fidenarum Gabiornmque. These were small towns in Latinm.
101. Weights and measures were under the control of the aediles.
102. Ulubris. Another small town in Latium.
103. Quid optandum foret. Indirect question, object of ignorasse.
105. I. e., he was piling story on story, only that his fall might be the
greater.
106. Unde = ut inde.
107. Fraeceps is used as a noun. Cf. I, 149 ; in praetipibi.
Immane is the predicate.
108. Grasses, Fompeios i. e., such men as Crassus and Pompey. Crassus
was a member of the so-called first triumvirate, and was killed in an
expedition against the Parthians 53 B. c. Pompey was defeated at Pharsa-
los 48 B. c.
Ulum. Julius Caesar.
109. Flagra. Cf. Eng., brought them under his lash.
110. Nulla non, every. Non nulla would mean some.
111. Malignia, because granting wishes tiiat were really harmful.
112. Generum Oereris i. e , Pluto.
114 ff. Look at another form of ambition. See the rewards of great
eloquence.
115. Totis quinquatribna. The festival of Minerva (March 19-23) was a
school holiday.
116 f. I. e., every little boy that goes to
school.
117. Vernula. Cf. I, 26; verna Canopi
Crispinus.
120. Ingenio, etc. Genius lost head and
hands. After Cicero's murder, his head and
liands were cut off by the order of Antony
and fixed upon the rostra.
121. Oanaidici, pettifoggers. Cf. I, 32 ;
ca undid Mathonis.
Rostra. Cf. Fig. 49.
122. A line written by Cicero. Dryden Fro- 49. Rostra,
imitates it in
" Fortune foretuned the dying notes of Rome
Till I thy consul sole consoled thv doom."
123. Juvenal says that if Cicero had never been more eloquent than in the
liiif quoted, he mitrht have been quite safe from Antony. Cf. Cicero's words in
the M-cond Philippic, " Con tempsi Catilinae gladios, non vertimescam tvos. 1 "
SATIRE X.
169
124. Bidenda, cte. i. e., I would rather write such poor poetry and nave
my life, than write the famous second Philippic at the expense of my head.
Cicero's attacks on Antony in the Philippic orations were the immediate
cause of his murder.
126. Volveris a prima qnae proxima, unrolled next to the font.
Ilium, Demosthenes.
128i Torrentem, so we speak of a torrent of eloquence.
Moderantem frena i. e., curbing, guiding, the passions of the people.
Fio. 50. Tropaeum. Fio. 51. Clirnis, showing the temo.
130. This description of the father of Demosthenes as a blacksmith is a
rhetorical exaggeration. He was the proprietor of a sword factory.
131. Gladios, object of />ArToi>, the fan-shaped ornament on the stern of
ship. Cf. Fig. 54.
Arcn, triumphal arch, cf. cut, page 23.
137. Maiora i. e., bona maiora.
138. Grains = Graecus.
Indnperator, an older form of imperator.
143 f. Laudia titulique depend on cupido ;
haesuri agrees with tituli ; saris is the dative
with haesuri , custodibus is in apposition with
saxis.
147. Expends Hannibalem, weigh Hannibal.
Cf. Hamlet, Act V, Scene I.
148. Africa, etc. i.e., Africa, which stretches
from the Moorish sea to the Nile, and back to
the land of the Ethiopians.
Mauro Oceano refers to that part of the At- T
FIG. 54. Ship, showing the
lantic that washes the west coast of Africa. aplustre.
151. Hispania. The Carthaginians had many
colonies in Spain, and their power there was strengthened by Hannibal.
The following lines refer to his campaign in Italy after the fall of Saguntum
in 219 B. c.
153. Montem rompit aceto. Cf. Livy XXI, 37; ardentia saxa infuse
aceto pntrefariunt.
155. Poeno milite. Note the absence of a preposition, and cf. the usage
in I, 54; mare percvssmn puero.
Portas i. e., the gates of Rome.
156. Subnra. Cf. Ill, 5 ; note.
158. Gaetula belua, elephant.
Luscum | Hannibal lost one of his eyes through disease contracted in the
marshes south of the river Po. Cf. Livy XXII, 2.
159. Ergo, then. Cf. I, 3.
Vincitur, by Scipio at Zama, 202 B. o.
161, Mirandas, to be stared at.
Ollens, suppliant.
' 162, Bithyno tyranno i. e., Prusias, to whose court Hannibal fled.
Libeat, the subjunctive, because there is an idea of purpose in donee =
until.
163, Animae, dative.
Qnae rea hnmanas miscuit olim, irh'n-k once threw the world into confusion.
SATIRE X.
171
164-168. Die anulns. Hannibal is said to have taken poison from a
ring, which is here called the avenger of Cannae. There is probably an
allusion to the story that after the battle of Cannae (216 B. c.) a peck of
rings was taken from the slain Roman equites.
168. Pellaeo inveni, Alexander the Great, who " sighed for more worlds
to conquer." He was born at Pella, 356 B. c., and died at Babylon, 323 B. c.
170. Oyari, Seripho. For the former, cf. I, 73 ; aude aliquid Gyaris
dignum. Seriphus wo* another of the Cyclades.
171. A fignlis monitam nrbem i. e., Babylon, built by the brick-makers.
172. Fatetnr, discloses, betrays.
174. Velifipatus Athos. Xerxes cut a canal between Mount Athos and the
mainland, the remains of which have been discovered in modern times.
FIG. 55. Bridge of boats.
175. Oonstratnm (.-./') Buppouitumque mare is the subject ofereditvr.
176. Botis, dative with suppotitvm. The reference is to the bridge of
boats by which the army of Xerxes crossed the Hellespont Fig. 55 repre-
sents the passage of Trajan's army over the Danube by such a bridge.
177. The rivers that the Medes drank dry were probably rivers by
courtesy.
178. Madidis alia. There are two explanations: one, that he struggled
so hard that the wings of his fancy were wet with sweat ; another, that
they were made damp and heavy by wine. The latter is preferable. Cf.
Ovid Meta. I, 'Ji'4 ; Madidis A r otus evolat alis.
Sostratus. unknown.
179. Hie i. o., Xerxes, the man that accomplished all thia.
172
NOTES.
180 f. Xerxes assumed ^ore power over the winds than even their
master Aeolus.
181. Hoc, accusative.
182. Ennosigaeum, Homer's name for Poseidon. To punish him for de-
stroying his bridge of boats, Xerxes caused fetters to be thrown into
the iea.
18$. With all his assumed control, it is a wonder that he did not punish
him even more severely.
184. No wonder the gods rebelled !
188. Another common desire is longth of days.
189i Recto vultu i. e., in health, opposed to pMidue.
192. Dissimilem sui. After similis Cicero uses the genitive of living
objects, and either the genitive or dative of things.
Outia is a man's skin, pellis is a beast's hide.
194. Thabraca, a town in Nuinidia ; the surrounding forests were full of
monkeys.
199. LBve, bald.
200. Misero, dative of apparent agent.
Gingiva inermi, toothless gums.
Pie. M. Ground-plan of the theatre of Herod at Athens. A, Orchestra; B,
Ciivcn : ('. Pulpttnm (stnirc) : I). 1). Parodoi ; I. One of the three entrances
throujih the ptiiiic-wtill (ccneiia). The exact use of the various rooms adjoin-
in-' the M;i' r e is nul known.
SATIRE X.
173
202. Such n disgusting object that even Cossus, who would be likely to
stand a great deal lor the sake of an expected legacy, is driven from the
field. This may l>o the (Vssus mentioned in III, 184.
209 f. Partis alterius, the other sense i. e., hearing.
210 fi Cantante citharoedo, ablative absolute. Cantare is used of both
vocal and instrumental music.
211. Selenco. Scleucus is
unknown.
212, Aurata lacerna, for t hi-
elegance of theatrical dress,
cf. Hor. A. P. 215.
213. Theatri, Cf. Fig. 56.
214, The cornu (a large
curved born) is seen in Fig.
55 ; the tuba or straight horn,
in the representation of a
sacrifice, in Fig. 57.
216. Dicat, subjunctive in
an indirect question.
Quot horas, what time. Cf.
Quota hora est = what time is
it f Time-pieces were not in
common use, and it was the
duty of a slave to announce
the hour from a public sun- Fio. 57. A sacrificial scene, showing the tuba,
dial or water-clock.
218. Agmine facto. The same phrase III, 162, also in Vergil.
226. This line occurs also I, 25.
233. Damno, ablative of separation with the c>mp:ir::tiv<\
Fiu. 68.- Kogua.
Fio. 59.- Kuiirral-urn.
237. Suos i. e., his natural heirs. SUOB is the subject of ease, herede* the
predicate.
240. Ut, although.
Ducenda. Cf. I, 146 ; dvcitvr funv*.
241. Bogus. Cf. Fig. 58, which represents the funeral pyre of Patroclus.
174 NOTES.
242. Urnae i. e., aspiciendae sunt. For the form of the urn, cf. Fig. 59
243. Haec data poenaj here data has its usual force; this penalty is on-
signed. For the technical use ot'poena* dare, cf. Ill, 279.
244. Domus, genitive.
246i Rex Pylius i. e., Nestor, who was said to have lived to see three
generations of men.
247. A cornice secundae, next to the crow.
248. Qni, in that he.
249. Dextra, Units and tens were counted on the left hand, hundreds
on the right.
253, Antilochi barbam ardentem i. e., the funeral pyre of Antilochus. The
cut on page 61 represents the friends of Antilochus lifting his body into a
chariot.
257. Alins, Laertes, the father of Ulysses, of Ithaca.
Cui fas, whose fate it was.
258. Incolumi Troia, ablative absolute.
Veniaset is the conclusion of the condition expressed in si foret exstlnc-
tus, line 263.
259. Aasaraci, the great-uncle of Priam.
260. Cervicibus, ablative absolute with portantibus implied.
261 f. Ut inciperet, result clause, imperfect for vividness.
264. Aediflcare carinas j notice the loss of original meaning in aedi-fao.
265. Dies meaning time is usually feminine.
267, Miles tremolos i. e., Priam.
270. Ab ingrato aratro. The plow is personified, hence the use of the
preposition.
271. Yet Priam's death was that of a human being, while Hecuba, who
outlived him, was changed into a cur, and died a beast's death.
273. Begem Ponti, Mithridates, King of Pontus, 130-63 B. o.
274 f. Croesum. The story of Croesus, King of Lydia, 560-548 B. c., and
Solon is told by Herodotus I, 29 ff.
276-282. Marius is referred to.
278. Hlo cive, ablative with beatius.
282. De Tentonico curru. Marius defeated the Teutons 102 B. c., and the
Cimbri in the following year. Cf. VIII, 249.
Vellet. Cf. >tAAe', was about to.
283. Provida, foreseeing, wise. Pompey was ill of a fever at Naples, 50
B. c. Public prayers were offered for his safety,
286. Victo i. e. , after his defeat by Caesar. Dative with abstulit.
287, Lentulus, Oethegns, and Oatilina, who died in comparative youth,
escaped this ignominy.
34 .' Permittes, the future has the same force as in optabunt above.
Expendere, to weigh out, so to decide.
SATIRE XL 175
353. Notnm (->/>
354. Et and que are correlative.
Sacellis, shrine*.
365. Et connects exta and tomacula.
Tomacnla, mince-meat, made of sacrificial pork.
356. This line has become proverbial.
358. Spatium extremum. Cf. lines 188, 275.
Munera, burdens.
362. Et et et serve to co- ordinate the ideas.
Venere cenis pluma. Ablatives with the comparative potioret.
Bardanapalli, the last king of Assyria. He furnished a typical instance
of luxurious living.
365 These lines occur also XIV, 315, 316.
SATIRE XI.
INTBODUCTION. In this satire, which is written in the form of an in-
vitation to dinner, sent to his friend Persicus, Juvenal shows the folly of
those who, with small means, attempt to imitate the luxury of the rich.
People are all talking of Kutilus, who has ruined himself by his ex-
travagant luxury. He is one of many. Such a man cheats his creditor*
and pawns his silver or his mother's portrait to purchase table delicacies.
This conduct arises from ignorance of self, and of individual limitations.
The bankrupt's only regret is that his enforced exile deprives him of the
pleasures of the circus. Come and dine with me, and I will show you that
I practice what I preach. You shall have a simple meal, sucli a one as in
former times would have contented a senator, although in our day it would
be despised by a slave. In the early times there was no search for trras-
ures of art ; men used silver in their armor, earthenware on their tables.
Then, when Jupiter's statue was of clay, the gods were nearer men.
Now the most luxurious furniture is thought necessary, but at my table
you will find simplicity in everything. Lay aside the anxieties that belong
to modern city Hfe, and seek rest and refreshment with me.
1. Atticus, may refer to Ti. Claudius Atticus, who was a rich man of the
time of Nerva, or to T. Pomponius Atticus, the friend of Cicero.
LautuB (- ^n, elegant.
2. Eutilus, unknown. Some spendthrift noble.
3. Apicius. M. F:\bius Apicius lived in the time of Tiberius. He was
famous for his luxurious table.
4. Convictua = convina.
176 NOTES.
Stationes, clubs, lounging places.
6, Galeae i. c., for military service.
7, I. e., the tribune had not put him into bankruptcy, and so dnr< one side and then the other.
32. Arbori incertae, the reading is doubtful. The MSS. have arboris ;
arbori is Lachmann's conjecture.
33. Decidere is a law-term meaning to compound, to compromise.
lactu, by throwing overboard. Cf. Ill, 125.
SATIRE XII. 183
34. Coepit, its subject is implied in rectoris.
39. Teneris Maecenatibos, an effeminate Maecenas. Cf. I, 66, note.
40. Quarum depends on pecus ( wool), which is the object of infecit
(= tinged).
41. Bed et, but also.
42. Baeticus. The Baetis was the modern Guadalquiver.
43. Lances, dishes, plate.
44. Parthenio, unknown.
Urnae, used here of a measure.
45i Fholo. Pholus was one of the centaurs.
Coniuge Fusci, unknown.
46. Bascaudas, a Keltic word, from which Eng. basket is derived ; prob-
ably vessels covered with wicker-work are meant.
Escaria, from esca, so dishes of some sort.
Multum caelatd, much chased ware. Caelati is partitive genitive.
47. Emptor Olynthi, Philip of Macedon, who gained possession of Olyn-
thus by bribing two of its citizens.
48 f. What other man (than Catullus), what man in ichat part of the
world, would dare to prefer his safety tr> his silver, his weal to his wealth ?
50 f. These verses are often considered as an interpolation, apparently
on the pnnciple that whatever in Juvenal savors of the commonplace is
spurious. I see no reason for rejecting them.
51. VitiO| avarice.
53. Damna, sacrifices.
Uluc reooidit, he was reduced to this.
55. Angustum; cf. "i a strait."
Quando, etc. i. e., when we throw away part of the ship to save the
rest.
57. Dolato, rough-hewn.
59. Taeda, />/">/.
60. Ventre lagonae | cf. Montani venter, IV, 107.
61. Sumendas, to be used.
63. VeotoriB, the traveler.
64. Meliora pensa, kindlier threads, a happier lot.
65. Staminis albi, white threads were favorable.
67. Miserabilis modifies prora (line 69).
68. Velo sno i. e., the sail that belonged to the prow, the dolon, or
foresail.
71. Atqne connects grains and sublimis.
Noveroali praelata Lavino, preferred (by him) to hi* step-mother's Lavi-
nium. lulus leaving Lavinium was guided to the site of Alba Longa by a
white sow with thirty piga. Cf. Verg., Aen. Ill, 390.
Lavino, the usual form is l/acinio.
184
NOTES.
73. Phrygibns i. e:, the Trojans with lulus.
74. Clara, refers to scrofa.
75. The artificial harbor formed at Ostia by Claudius, 42 A. D. Cfc Fig.
65, a restoration by Canina.
Flo. 65. Artificial harbor at Ostia.
78. Tyrrhenamqne pharon i. e., a lighthouse like that on the island of
Pharos, near Alexandria. Cf. Fig. 66, which is from a medal of the Em-
peror Com modus.
Porrectaqne braochia ruraum, the breakwaters ran out into the sea and
then curved inward, as seen in Fig. 65, upper left-hand corner.
78. Italiam i. e. the shore.
79. I. e., more wonderful than any natural harbor.
SATIRE XII.
185
FIG. 66. Pharos.
80. Interiors, the inner harbor built by Trajan. Fig. 67, from a coin
struck in 103 A. n., shows the warehouses surrounding this inner harbor.
Pervia, naoiyable.
Cumbae, dative with pereia.
81. Tuti stagna sinus, the quiet waters of a safe bay.
Vertdoe raso. Men cut off their hair as a votive
offering. Cf. Ill, 186.
83. Linguia animisque faventes i. e., with a strict
religious silence. Cf. Hor., Odes 111, 1, 2.
84. Serta, garlands.
Farra i. e., the sacrificial meal with which the
knives were sprinkled.
85. Mollis focos, the turf altars.
90. I. e., violets of every color.
91. Longos, etc ; cf. pone domi laurus, X, 65.
92. Matntinis i. e., lighted before daybreak.
Operator = operam tint, celebrates.
Festa (iatiua).
93 ff. This sounds like legacy-hunting, but Catullus has three children,
BO you see my devotion is disinterested.
95. Libet expectare, I sJwulJ like to see.
96. Claudentem oculos, blind.
98. Pro patre i. e., for a man that is a father.
Sentire calorem i. e., to feel the approach of fever. We might say to
have a chill.
99. Coepit, singular because each subject is thought of separately.
100. Legitime, in due form.
Libellis = votorum tabulis.
101. Portions, either of the house or of some
temple.
Hecatomben i. e., a hundred oxen ; he goes
on to say that they would make it elephants
if they could.
102. Qnatenus, since.
103. Sidere, *///.
104. Fnrva gente i. e., from India.
Petita agrees with btlmi.
105. In the R>it>tlian forests and the land
where Turnus reigned.
106. Caesaria armentnm. Herds of elephants were kept by the emperors
for use in the public shows.
107. Siquidem almost for.
Tyrio Hannibali. Carthage was a colony from Tyre.
Flo. 67. Inner harbor at
Ostia
186
NOTKS.
108. Nostris ducibnB c. g., Scipio.
Regique Molosso, Pyrrhus, King of Epirus.
lid Partem aliqnam belli, an important part of the war.
111. A'ovius and Hister Pacuvius (legacy-hunters) would not hesitate to
offer up elephants at the shrines of their patron*.
115. Alter, the latter, as shown by the use of his name again in line 125.
119. Iphigenia, etc. i. e., he would be as ready to sacrifice his ovvii
daughter as was Agamemnon,' even without the hope that a deer would be
furnished at the last moment to take the maiden's place, as the tragedians
represented in the case of Iphigenia. Cf. Fig. 68.
121, Civem, fellow-citizen.
Nee compare, etc. i. e., how much better to sacrifice one's daughter for
Fio. 68. Sacrifice of Iphigenia.
SATIRE XIII, 187
a legacy than for a thousand ships ; referring, of course, to the Greek fleet
in the story of Iphigenia.
122. Libitinam, the goddess of funerals, so death; cf. Hor., Odes III,
30, 6, multa pars mei vitabit Libitinam.
123. Inolnsns caroere nassae, imprisoned in the net. The nassa was a sort
of lobster-pot, as seen in Fig. 69.
127. lugulata Mycenis i. e., the sacrifice of his " Iphigenia."
128. Nestora totum, a sort of cognate accusative ; for the sense, cf.
X, 246.
FIG. 69. Nassa.
SATIRE XIII.
INTRODUCTION. Juvenal writes to his friend Calvinus, who is much
distressed by the loss of a small sum of money through breach of trust.
The strength of the Satire lies in its ethical teaching, and its vigorous de-
scription of the terrors of a guilty conscience.
Crime is its own punishment; then, too, you are rich enough to bear
this loss with equanimity. Why are you so overwhelmed by a misfortune
which in these evil days is so common ? In the golden age, when there
were fewer gods, there was more virtue ; now an honest man is a rarity.
Men break their oaths without hesitation, some believe in no gods, others
hope to escape divine vengeance. Consider how many suffer more serious
losses than yours ; look at the criminal courts. No one wonders at that
which is common, why wonder at dishonesty in Koine? Do you seek
revenge? That is unphilosophical, the mark of a petty mind. Leave your
enemy to the punishment of his own conscience ; it will give him no peace,
will torture him under all circumstances, but it will not deter him from
further crimes, and you will some day have the satisfaction of seeing him
the victim of his own ill-doing.
1. Exemplo malo, ablative of characteristic.
2. Be iudioe, etc. Each index (juryman ) was furnished with three tablet*
marked respectively A. (absolve), C. (condemno), and A'. L. (non liquet =
not proven), one of which ho cast into the urn, whence they were taken
and counted by the praetor.
3. Inproba gratia, corrupt influence.
188
NOTES.
5 ff. You have the sympathy of your friends, your wealth is still p'cit,
nnd you have plenty of company in your misfortunes.
6. Crimine, charge.
8. lacturae, The paradox, ''burden of a loss," is probably intentional.
10i Et e medio, etc., taken from the middle of Fortune's heap i. e., taken
at random.
13. Quamvis levium, however slight.
16. There is some doubt as to the subject of stupet. I think it is not
Juvenal, but Calvinus.
17i Fonteioi One Fonteius was consul 59 A. i>., another 67 A. D. ; the
latter is probably meant.
20. Sapientia means philosophy as contrasted with experience (vita).
23. Cesset, fail.
25. Pyxide, box, here a box containing poison. The peculiar lid of the
pyxis is sewn in Fig. 70.
27i Thebarum portae, Boeotian Thebes hud seven gates, and the Nile had
seven mouths.
28. Nunc aetas. Ovid calls the iron age the fourth ; no wonder, then,
that no metal could be found base enough to designate the present.
Agitur, is passing. Saecula, the subject of an implied aguntur, is the
antecedent of quorum.
31. Fidem \fides means that which
may be trusted ; we make as much
noise about honor and religion
32. Faesidium. Faesidius was a
rich lawyer ; hence agentem^ plead-
ing.
Vocalia sportula i. e., those per-
sons whose applauding voices had
been bought by the sportula.
33. Bulla, worn by children. Cf.
V, 164, note (Fig. 30).
37. Eubenti i. e., with the blood of victims.
39 f. Saturn fleeing from Jupiter, who had deprived him of his crown,
came to Latium and taught the people agriculture.
41. Privatus, a simple citizen, one without office.
Idaeis antrisj Jupiter's early boyhood was passed on Mount Ida, in
Crete.
42 ff. The simplicity of those early times was found in heaven as well
as on earth.
43. Puer Eiacus, Ganymede, who came from the Troad.
Hercnlis uxor, Hebe.
44. Ad cyathos i. e., as cup-bearet.
Fio. 70. Pyxis.
SATIHK XIII.
189
45. Liparaea; Vulcan's forge was sometimes located in Lipara, a vol-
canic island north of Sicily. Ct'. I, 8, note. Fig. 71, from 11 bas-relief,
represents Vulcan in his workshop affixing the handle to a shield.
46. Nee turba deorum. The Roman pantheon became very much crowded
FIG. 71. Vulcan's workshop.
in later times by the importation of a host of Asiatic and Egyptian divini-
ties, and the deification of emperors, heroes, and abstract ideas.
48, Atlanta. ''Poor Atlas" was supposed to support the heavens on
his shoulders.
49. Triste profundi imporium, the yloomy empire of the abyss.
60. Ant, the negation continues.
Sioula ooniuge, Proserpina, whom Pluto carried off from Enna in Sicily.
Cf. Ovid, Met. V, 391 if.
61. Rota, samm, and vnltnris atri poena refer to Ixion, Sisyphus, and
Tityus respectively.
63, Admirabilis, a wondet.
64. Qno (aevo).
57. Notice the incidental reference to the simplicity of living.
69. Lanugo, down.
61. Follem, purse.
62, Tuscis libollis. The Etruscans were famous for their skill in augury.
Cf. Livy, I, 34.
64. An honest man in these days is a wonder and a prodigy.
Binwmbri seems to mean half -man, half -beast, or it may be two-Jmided.
68. Uva is often used for a " cluster" of bees.
70. Miris seems tame, but mini-is (Person's conjecture, followed by Rib-
beck) is improbable.
71. Decem sestertia, about |400.
73. Arcana intrusted without witnesses or receipt.
74. Quam patulae, etc. i. e., so large a sum that there was no room for
it in his money-chest.
190 NOTES.
76, Quanta voce, how loudly.
78. Tarpeia folmina, the thunderbolts of Tarpeian (i. e., Capitoline)
Jupiter.
79. Frameam, the Teutonic word for lance. Cf. Tacitus, Germ. VI, and
Fig. 72.
Cirrhaei vatis, Apollo. Cf. VII, 64.
80. Venatricis puellae, Diana.
82. Herculeos arous, the bow that Hercules
gave to Philoctetes.
84, Et, too, as well.
Flebile i. e., deeply as it would pain me.
Flebile agrees with sinciput.
85. Qne connects elixi and madentis.
88. For nature brings about the changes of
day and night, and of the seasons. Fl - 72 '~ F ^e a hurling the
93. Isis. The Egyptian goddess Tsis was a
popular divinity at Rome during the empire. Cf. XII, 28, note, and Fig. 73.
Bistro. The sistrum was a sort of musical instrument. Cf. Fig. 73.
94. Vel, even.
Abnego, deny i. e., disclaim knowledge of.
96. Sunt tanti i. e., are not too much to pay (for wealth).
97. Ladas, a famous runner at the Olympic games.
Anticyra was a town noted for hellebore, which was considered a specific
for madness. Cf. Hor., A. P. 300.
98. Arohigene. Archigenes was a specialist in mental disorders.
99i Esuriens, the olive branch brings fame but no food.
Pisaeae, the Olympic games were held near Pisa, in Elis.
100. Tit, although.
107. Ad delubra vocantem i. e., to hear his oath. So eager is he to take
the false oath, that he hurries on before you, and is even ready to insist on
your going.
109. Superest, supports.
110. Fiducia is contrasted with audacia.
Mimum. Mimus may mean the play-writer, the play itself, or a single
role in the play.
111. Oatnlli. Cf. VIII, 186.
112. Stentora, the Greek herald whose voice was equal to that of fifty
men.
113. Gradivus Homericus ; Mars, as Homer says, shouted as loudly as ten
thousand men (II. V, 859).
116, Oarbone tuo i. e., on thy altar.
Oharta solnta refers to the paper parcel in which the incense was brought.
118, Omenta, entrails.
SATIRE XITI.
191
192
NOTES.
119. Vagelli, unknown.
120. Hear what a plain man, no philosopher, can say for your comfort.
121. Et qui, even he who.
122. Tunica. The Cynics wore a heavy cloak and no tunic.
125. Your case, however, is simple, and may be intrusted to a mere tyro.
Philippi. Probably some physician of little reputation.
132. Vestem' diducere summam, to tear (only) the upper part of his gar-
ment.
135. Fora, courts.
136. If, after their agreements have been read over and over (deciens
seems to be used for any large number) by the other side (i. e., by their
opponents).
137^ They, whom their own signature (littfra) and best sardonyx seal
(gemma) convict, assert that the writing of the invalid (zupervacui) tablet
is not binding.
140. delioias, my dear fellow.
141t Quia tu, etc. ; because you, forsooth, are of an exceptional breed !
145, Conductum, hired.
Sulpure atque dolo, one idea.
146. Primes com, etc., a proof that the house was set on fire.
148. Adorandae robiginis, genitive of characteristic. Robigo = rust, and
thus antiquity.
152. Bratteolam, one of the leaves or plates of gold with which the statue
was overlaid.
155. Deduoendum i. e., one that ought
to be thrown.
Cum quo, etc. Cf. VIII, 214, note.
157. Quota pars, how small a part/
Cf. Ill, 61, quota portio.
Qallicus. Rutilius Gallicus wasprae-
fectus urbi in the time of Domitian.
162. Tumidum guttur, goitre, a com-
mon disease in the Alps.
165. Which twists its tufts in damp
curl i. e., the hair twisted into wet,
curly tufts.
167. Thracum volucres i. e., cranes; their contests with the pygmies
arc mentioned by Homer, II. Ill, 3 ff. Cf. Fig. 74.
168i The tradition concerning a race of pygmies, like other popular
traditions, seems to have had a certain basis in fact. Recent investigations
seem to prove the existence in Africa of a race of fully developed human
beings whose stature does not exceed four feet. Juvenal's disbelief in the
canal at Mount Athos has been shown to have been unfounded (cf. X, 174),
FIG. 74. Pygmies aud cranes.
SATIRK XI 1 1. 193
and it may be that the much- ridiculed story of Hannibal's use of heated
vinegar to soften the rocks in his passage of the Alps (cf. X, 153 ; Livy
XXI, 37) is not so absurd, after all.
176i Nostro arbitrio, as we choose.
179. Invidiosa, odious.
Minimus sangnis, a drop of blood.
180. Vindicta, revenge.
Bonum, substantive in the predicate.
181i Indocti, supply dicunt.
184. Chrysippus, etc. Philosophers such as
the.se will teach you that revenge is ignoble.
185. Senex, Socrates.
187i Plurima vitia. Vitia are faults of nature,
errores faults of practice.
Felix is used as a masculine substantive =
190. Voluptaa is in the predicate.
191. Continue, straightway, unhesitatingly.
194. Attonitos, terrified.
Surdo verbere, the unheard blow, so occnltum flagellum, the unseen lash.
195. Tortore is in apposition with auimo, which is in the ablative abso-
lute with quatiente.
Flagellum. Cf. Fig. 75.
197i Gaedicius is said to have been a cruel judge in the time of Nero.
Bhadamanthus with Minos and Aeacus gave judgment in the lower
world. Cf. I, 10.
199 ff. This story of Glaucus is told by Herodotus, VI, 86. He wanted
to keep from the sons money entrusted to him by their father, and con-
sulted the oracle as to the probable effect.
204. Moribus, principle.
205. Adyti, of the sanctuary.
206. Extinctns i. c., his destruction with that of his whole race proved,
etc. Extinctus is the participle.
207. Quamvis longa, however far removed.
210. Cedo (an old imperative form), cotne, tell me (what penalties he
incurs).
212. Ut morbo i. e., as if he were ill.
213. Cibo, ablative absolute with crescente.
Bed, (nit even.
214. Albani senectus i. e., old Alban wine.
215. Densissima ruga, cf. dtn*if#ima lectica, I, 120.
216. Acri Falerno. The Falcrnian wine was sharp, and was usually
mixed with honey.
194 NOTES.
221, Imago, apparition, called sacra, because connected with the idea of
an avenging deity.
224. Prime qnoque, the very first.
228. Velut hoc dilata sereno, as if but deferred by this clear weather.
229. Vigili cum febre, with sleepless fever.
233. Balantem, bleating.
234. Nooentibus = noxiis, criminals.
236. Malorum, masculine.
237. Superest, cf. line 109, note.
239. Ad mores damnatos, to the practices condemned by conscience.
242. Attrita, hardened.
244i Dabit, etc., will step into the snare i. e., will be caught.
245. Uncum, cf. X, 66, Seianus dutitur unco.
246. Eupem scopnlosque | cf. I, 73.
248. Nominis is used for the man himself.
Laetus, with joy.
249. Tiretdan caecum, for Tiresias was the blind prophet of Thebes.
SATIRE XIV.
THE EFFECT OF EVIL EXAMPLE.
INTRODUCTION. Parents often unconsciously teach their children to be
gamblers or gluttons. Can Rutilus, who treats his slaves with cruelty,
expect his sen to be humane I It is easier to teach vice thaj virtue. Rev-
erence the innocence of childhood, else you will have no right to censure
your son's faults when he grows up. Will you not make as great efforts to
keep your home pure for the sake of your child as you make to keep it
clean for the sake of your guests ? Children, like birds, show their train-
ing in after-life. Crctonius is extravagant, his son is still more so. An-
other man is tolerant of superstitions, his son becomes a fanatic. Most
faults the young are ready to learn ; avarice must be forced upon them, and,
alas ! it is but too often taught, first by little acts of meanness, then by
greater ones. What folly is such avarice ! In early times a little land was
enough to support a family, now we must have more than that for a
pleasure-garden. Hear the advice of the simple Samnite father. Now
the father urges his son on in the race for wealth. The rising generation
learns its lesson well, and is apt in forgery, even in murder. "I never
taught him that," you say. No, but you planted the seed that produces
such a harvest. The follies of the avaricious are more amusing than any
drama. There arc various forms of madness, and your indifference to
danger in the pursuit of wealth is one. Then, too, what hard work you
SATIRE XIV.
195
Flo. 76. Fritillus.
have to keep what you have Drained ! My mlvice is : Be content with little ;
if you begin to seek much you will end l>y wanting more.
li Fuscine, unknown.
2, Macnlam haesuram, a lasting stain.
6. Bnllatus. Cf. V, 164 (Fig. 30) ;
XIII, 33.
Anna, implements ; cf. armiger, I, 92.
Fritillo, dice-box. Cf. Fig. 76.
7. Eadere tubera terrae, to peel truffles.
8. Eodem inre, in. the same sauce (as the
mushrooms).
9. Mergere, to dip.
Ficednlas, small birds, beccqficots.
10. Gula, as well as parent* (line 9), is ablative absolute with monstrante.
13. Lauto paratu. The usual word is apparatus ; cf. Hor., Odes I, 38,
1, J'ersicos odi puer apparatus.
15. Aequos, almost = indulgent.
16. Atqne connects praecipit and putat / Rtitilus ia the subject of both.
Bucheler's conjecture ofvtque here m\d jn/tet in line 17 seems good.
Nostra materia i. e., of the same material as ours.
17. Putat seems awkward ; it must have something of the idea of
praecipit.
20, Antiphates, etc. i. e., the dreaded tyrant of his household. Anti-
phates was the fierce king of the Laestrygones. Horn., Od. X, 80.
22. Thievish slaves were branded on the forehead with the letter F (fur).
24. Quern, its antecedent is the subject of suadet, implied in laetus.
Inscripti, branded slaves. The eryastulum is the slaves' prison.
35. Mehore luto, Jiner clay.
Titan, Prometheus, who was often considered as the creator of man.
Cf. IV, 133.
37. Trahit, its object is reliquos.
Orbita means the track made by the wheel, then path, covne.
40. Imitandis turpibus ac pravis, ablative of specification.
41 f, Catiline has many imitators, Brutus and Cato none.
42. Quocumque, any.
Axe, sky. Cf. VIII, 116 ; Gallicus axis.
43. Bruti avunculus, Cuto the Younger.
51. Be dederit, shall shotc himself. For filiut in the next line we might
expect filivm.
53. Omnia does not modify vestigia.
54. Oorripies, u catch w/>," so blame, reprove.
55. Tabulas mntare, to alter your will.
196 NOTES.
661 Frontem may he the brow of authority as Mr. Lewis translates it,
but 1 think it means impudence, as usually. Cf. German Stirne. So too
forehead, e. g., With what forehead do you speak this to me? Beaumont
and Fletcher, Beggars' Bush, 1, 2.
57. Vacuum cerebro, empty of brains.
58. Oucurbita, cupping-glass, so called from the likeness of its shape to
that of a gourd (cf. Fig. 77). It is called ventosa, from the movement of
the air as it is drawn out to form the vacuum. It was (and is) used in
diseases of the brain to relieve the pressure of blood.
Quaerat, is looking for i. e., needs ; subject is caput.
59 S, You are anxious to have your home swept and garnished when
guests are expected : have you no care that it should be morally pure in the
eyes of your son ?
59. Tnorum (servorum).
61. Arida, dry, withered.
Gum, preposition.
Tela, web.
67. Scolris, sawdust.
71. Si facia, if you bring it about.
74. Pullos, her young. FIG. 77. Cucurbita.
76. Sumptia pinnis i. e., as soon as they can fly.
?? Kelictis i. e., having eaten such food, the vulture carries a portion
of it back to her young ones. Of course, crucibm refers to the bodies of
criminals.
79. Quoque, also.
81. Famulae lovis, the eagle was the bird of Jupiter.
Generosae aves is simply another name for cables.
82. Cubili, the nest.
86. Aedificator, cf. I, 94; (Juis totidem erexit villas? X, 225; Hor. Epist.
1, 1, 100.
Oretonius, the orthography of the name is doubtful. Modo nuno nnnc.
87. Caietae (modern Gaeta), on the coast of southern Liitium, a favorite
place for villas.
Tiburis. Cf. Ill, 192; proni Tiburis arce.
88. Praenestinis. Of. Ill, 190 ; gelida Praeneste.
89. Graeda marmoribus j instrumental ablative. The principal sources of
the supply of Greek marble, largely used by the Romans during the em-
pire, were Hymettus, Pentelicus, and the island of Paros.
Longeqne i. e., from Numidia, Phrygia, and Egypt.
90. Fortunae | there was a famous temple of Fortune at Praeneste.
Herculis, Martial mentions the temple of Hercules at Tibur.
91. Gapitoliai for the plural, cf. X, 65 ; due in C'apitolia.
Posides was a favorite freedman of Olaudius.
SATIRE XIV.
197
95. The Roman villas were often very extensive ; cf. Fig. 78.
96 ft. So, too, in religious matters ; it' the father has a leaning toward
Jewish superstitions, the son becomes an actual convert.
97. I. e., no statues.
100. This was the chief complaint against the Jews at Rome, that they
held themselves bound to obey the Jewish rather than the Roman laws.
Some slight similarity may be seen in the alleged recognition by tho
Roman Catholics in the United States of the Church as a higher authority
than the State.
FIG. 78. Ground-plan of the so-called villa cubnrbana of Diomedes, at Pompeii.
1. Entrance ; 2. Peristylium ; 3. Tiibliinim ; 4. Gallery : 5. Oecue ; 6. Court ;
7. Crjrptnporttca* ; 8. Court; 9. Tcpidarium ; 10. Calidarium ; 11. Sleeping-
room; 12. Staircase.
103. Monstrare and dedncere (line 104) depend on some such word as
sclent implied in the preceding verbs.
Eadem sacra colenti i. e., to one of their own sect. The reference is to
the esoteric churai-ti-r of the Jewish teaching.
104. Quaesitum fontem i. e., tho fountain of truth.
105. In causa, a rare use, = causa (nominative).
Lux ignava, a lazy day.
106. Attigit. Most editors say that the subject is pater ; it seems to me
that it is septima quaeque lux.
107. Sponte, of their own accord.
198 NOTES.
108. Quoque, even, modifies inviti.
109 ff. For avarice is called wise economy.
111. Nee dnbie, unhesitatingly.
Frngi. Cf. Ill, 167, note.
114. Hesperidum serpensj the dragon that guarded the golden apples of
the Hesperides.
Ponticus (serpent), the dragon that guarded the golden fleece.
117, Cf. Hor., Epist. I, 1, 65:
" Rem facias, rem,
Si possis, recte, si non quocumque modo rem."
119. Animi. This seems to be a locative, as in aeger animi, etc. Others
read animi f elicit.
122. Sectae, sect i. e. , doctrine.
124. Sordes, acts of meanness.
125. Hoz modifies docet.
126, The food of slaves was served out to them by measure ; this man
uses false measures.
127, Sustinet, bear, endure.
129. Minutal, a minced compound, hash.
130. He saves all the scraps for another meal.
131. Lacerti, n coarse, cheap fish.
132. Signatam, sealed up, preserved.
Dimidio pntrique siluro, a tainted half shad.
133. Fila, shreds or slices.
Numerata i. e., after he has counted them.
134. Aliquis de ponte, any beggar. Cf. IV, 116, dirusque a ponte satelles ;
V,8.
135. Quo = quam ad rem, so VIII, 9.
Divitias; supply hates.
137. Egentii vivere fato is the subject of sit. Fato is the ablative of
manner, egentis supplying the place of the adjective.
142. Cf. Hor. Sat., II, 6,8:
" O ! si angulus ille
Proximus accedat qui nunc denormat agellum."
144. Densa oliva, cf. densissima lectica, I, 120.
145. If you can not buy your neighbor's fields, you turn your cattle in
among his growing corn.
146. Famelica (from fames), starved.
148. Novalia, standing crops. Ifovale originally means newly-plowed.
151. Venales fecerit, has forced to be sold.
152. Quam foede bncina feaiae, some verb, as sonabit, may be understood.
Fama common rtport.
153 ff. Quid nocfit haec, etc. What does that harm me i I don't care a
SATIRK XIV. 100
bean-shell for the applause of the whole county if I must gain it by reaping
small harvests.
166. Scilicet, etc., is ironical.
160. Sub Tatio i. e., in the times of early Rome.
161 Mox, afterward.
Fractis ac passis, indirect objects of dabantur.
162. Gladios Molossos, cf. XII, 108.
163. Tandem, at last.
Ingera bina, a little over an acre.
165. Meritia minor, less than their deserts.
Ant, etc., nor that their country had been ungrateful and broken faith
with them.
167. Casae, cottage.
168. Unus vernnla. A single slave-child, who played about the house
with the master's children.
169. Fratribus; dative.
170. Sorobe, ditch.
180. Marsus (cf. Ill, 169), Hernicus, Vestinns. These people all belonged
to the Sabellian stock, famous tor severity and simplicity.
182. Hoc i. e., such a course.
183. Qratae post munus aristae, etc. i. e., after the welcome gift of grain,
men despised the acorns that had been their former food.
185. Fecissej for the tense, cf. Ilor. Odes, I, 1, 4, colltgisse iuvat.
186. Per glaciem, through the winter.
Perone, a rough boot.
187. Inversis i. e., with the hair-side in.
188. Qnaecnmque est. Purpura =Jine clothing, so he adds, of any sort.
189. Minoribus, their children.
191. Ceras, writing tablets, coated with wax. Cf. Fi_'. 4.
192. Bnbras maiorum leges. The title at the head of tin- law \\ ;t.- in red
ink; hence the laws themselves were sometimes culled ;.//.//<.., \\hriuv
the English word rubric.
193. Vitem posce libello, ask for the vine-stsif (of the centurion, cf. VIII,
247) in a petition i. e., seek a centurion's commission.
194 f. But use your personal influence as'wcll, nnd be sure that the
officer in charge (Laelius) sees what a great rough fellow you are.
Buzo i. e., the comb, made of box-wood.
195. Alas, shoulders.
196. Brigantnm ; the Brigantes occupied the north of England.
197. Aqnilam. The eagle was curried by the first centurion of the first
cohort. Various forms of the standard are shown in t iff. 79.
199. Trepidum solvunt ventrem, seems to refer to a certain "gone" feel-
ing sometimes produced by fear.
200
NOTES.
FIG. 79. Roman standards.
201. Pluris dimidio, at more by half. The genitive plvris is probably
used by analogy with such forms sis t inti, quanti, which are really loca-
tive, but came to be considered as genitive.
202. Certain trades of a disagreeable sort (e. g., tanning) were relegated
to the less thickly settled right bank of the Tiber.
206. love poeta. Poetn almost avctore.
208. Aspae, nurses. Cf. Hor., Epist. I, 4, 8.
212 ff. I. e., your son thus taught will outdo you as Ajax and Achilles
surpassed their fathers.
Fraesto, I warrant.
219, Exigua modifies svmma.
220. Elatam, home out to burial. She is sure to be murdered if her
down- makes it worth while.
223. Uli i. c., that son of yours.
228. Producit, educates.
229. This line has no grammatical connection with the context, and is
doubtless spurious. Weidner reads conduplicandi.
231. Quern refers directly to curricula, which really represents the son
i. e., the Uli of line 223.
232. Metis j the met it were the conical posts set up at each end of the
tpiii't or dividing wall in the circus. Cf. Fig. 80.
235, Stultnm i. c., esse turn.
237. Circnmscribere, to cheat.
239. Quantns implies tnntus.
Decionim. Cf. V11I, ^54; plebeiat De riorum animae.
SATIRK XIV.
201
240. Si Graecia vera, if (freece ttll* tht truth. Cf. X, 174; Graecia
iiletiil'l.r.
Menoeceus is said to have given his lite for Thebes.
241. Quorum i. e., Thel>aitoruw. The Thebans sprang from the dragon's
teeth sown by Cadmus. Cf. Ovid, Metaph. Ill, 104 ft.
247. Alumnus, originally a participle from alo.
248. Matfiematicis, dative.
249. Colus, ticc. pi. fern.
251. Cervinai the sta#, like the crow, was proverbial for long life.
252. Archigeuen. Cf. XIII, 97; t won eget Archigene.
Mithridates was said to liave comi>ounded a very efficacious antidote to
poisons, and to have taken so much of it that when he wanted to poison
himself he could not.
253. Aliam decerpere fioum i. e., to see another autumn.
254. Medicamen i. e., as preventive antidote.
257. Aequare, compare.
258. Quanto capitis discrimine, what danger of Itfe.
260. Fiscua is here used in a general sense for money.
Ad vigilem Castora. The temple of Castor was used as a safe-deposit
building.
261. Ex quo, since. The temple of Mars seems to have been either
robbed or burned.
Fie. 80. Circus M&xiraus at Rome.
202 NOTES.
262 f. Florae, Cereris, Cybeles. The games referred to, accompanied by
dramatic representations, occurred on the following dates : The Floralia,
April 28-May 3 ; the Cerealia, April 12-19 ; the Megalesia (cf. XI, 193),
April 3-10.
265 Your struggles to gain wealth are as amusing as those of a
gymnast.
265. Petauro. The petaurus was probably some sort of a spring-
board.
266. Eectum funem, tight-rope. Cf. Fig. 14.
267. Corycia. Corycus was a promontory in Cilicia, famous for saffron,
which seems to be meant by sacci olentis (line 269).
268. ToUendus, tossed about.
269. Perditus, desperate, reckless.
270. Pingue passum, rich raisin-wine.
271. MunitipeB lovis; Jupiter was said to have been born in Crete. Ac-
cording to another legend, he was hidden in a cave on Mount Ida in that
island. Cf. XIII, 41 ; Idaeis Ivppiter antris.
272. Hie, the rope-dancer.
Ancipiti planta, doubtful, hesitating foot.
273. Brnmamqne famemque are the objects of cavet.
276. Plus hominum, the greater part of mankind.
278. Carpathian!. Carpathos was an island between Crete and Rhodes.
Qaetula, used for the African coast.
279. Calpe, Gibraltar.
280. Herculeo gurgite i. e., the Atlantic Ocean, where it was thought
the sun sank beneath the waves and hissed a* it sank.
281. Tenso folle, with full purse.
282. Aluta, money-bay.
283. Invenea marinos i. e., the mermen.
284 ff. Madness does not always show itself in the same way : Orestes
fancies he sees the Eumenides, Ajax thinks he hears Agamemnon and
Ulysses ; so a man may need a keeper even though he does not tear his
clothes.
289. Tabula (cf. XII, 58 ; dolato ligno) is ablative of instrument ; unda
ablative of separation.
291. A contemptuous description of money.
294. Fascia nigra, black belt (of clouds).
295. Aestivnm tonat ; it is only summer thunder.
297. He swims with his right hand and holds his girdle (zonam), con
taining his money, in his left hand and his teeth.
298. Modo,/ws< now i. e., a few hours ago.
Suffecerat ) notice the tense.
299. Tagus. Cf. Ill, 55 ; omnis harena Tagi.
SATIRE XIV. 203
Pactolns, in Lydia ; like the Tagus, it was supposed to have gold in the
sand of its bed.
300. Sufficient j ei is understood as indirect object, the subject Is panni.
302, Picta tempestate. Cf. XII, 27, note. A rude picture of the ship-
wreck was carried about to excite pity.
305. Anna,. fire-buckets.
306. Licinus, Cf. I, 109 ; possideo plus Pallante et Licinis.
Attonitus, anxious.
307. Electro, amber.
308. Testudine. Cf. XI, 94 ; qualis testudo nataret.
Delia, jars (made of clay). They were sometimes very large, having a
capacity of several barrels. Fragments three inches thick have been found
at Antium. Diogenes, the Cynic, is said to have used a dolinm as a house.
When Alexander the Great saw him he pitied his poverty and told him to
express some wish that he might grant it. Diogenes asked only that the
great ruler would stand out of his light.
Nudij perhaps because the Cynics did not wear the tunic. Cf. XIII,
122; a Ci/nicis tunica distantia.
310. Flnmbo oommissa, patched up with lead.
311. Ula refers, as often, to something well known.
315. This line occurs X, 365.
318. In quantum; for the usual prose construction quantum; cf. English,
to ask a reward, and to ask for a reward.
319. Epicurus is said to have gathered his scholars about him in his
garden; the Epicurean school of philosophy is sometimes called "the
Garden," as the Stoic is called " the Porch." Cf. XIII, 120 ff.
320. Ante, temporal adverb. Socrates died 399 B. o., Epicurus 270 B. o.
321. Nature and true philosophy always teach the same lesson.
322. Te clndere, to hem you in.
323. Effice, procure.
324. Bis septem ordinibns i. c., for the knights, who occupied the first
fourteen rows of seats in the theatre, in accordance with the law of Otho,
passed 65 B. c. Cf. Hor. Epist. 1, 1, 67.
Dignatur, thinks fitting.
325. If you frown and pout at this.
326. Dnos eqnites i. o., two equestrian fortunes.
329. Narcissi. The favorite t'reedman of Claudius. His wealth was
proverbial. He gained such control of his imperial master, that Claudius
had Messalina put to death at his bidding.
204 NOTES.
SATIRE XV.
A CASE OF CANNIBALISM.
INTRODUCTION. The superstitions of the Egyptians are well known;
they revere certain animals and abstain from certain vegetables, but they
eat human flesh. When Ulysses told his stories of cannibals, they were
thought incredible, but I have such a tale of recent times. Ombi and
Tentyra were waging a religious war. The Om bites were attacked in the
midst of a festival by their enemies; first their'fists were their weapons,
then they hurled such stones as the weak muscles of the present race of
men can lift, then swords and arrows are used. One man as he falls in
flight is seized and his flesh devoured. True, the Vascones ate human
flesh when a long siege had brought famine, but that was before the philos-
ophy of Zeno had taught men that some things are worse than even death.
Other peoples of whom like tales are told had excuse, but this Egyptian
tribe bad none. Nature teaches men mercy and pity, thus they are dis-
tinguished from the beasts. This common sympathy holds peoples to-
gether, but now it seems that men may be more cruel than the beasts
themselves. What would Pythagoras have said to such a tale ?
It Volnsi, unknown.
2, Crocodilon, Cicero, de Nat. Deor. I, 36, mentions the crocodile among
the objects of Egyptian animal-worship ; he says of the ibis, " Ibes maxi-
mam vim serpentium conficiunt."
4, Cercopitheci, long-tailed ape.
5. Dimidio Memnone. The Greeks related that music proceeded from the
colossal statue of Memnon at sunrise. For dimidio, cf. VIII, 4.
61 Thebe, nom. sing. The usual form is Thebae.
Centum portis ; ablative of characteristic.
7. Aeluros, cats. I have not ventured to change the text, but am strongly
inclined to think that the reading of the MSS. caeruleos (= sea-Jish) [P. has
aeruleos] is correct.
9. Gaepe, onion.
15. Alcinoo. When Ulysses was telling his adventures at the court of
Alcinous, king of the Phaeacians, and described the cannibal Laestrygoues
and Cyclopes, some of his hearers declared they were ready to believe all
his other adventures more readily than these.
16. Moverat i. e., had roused, even while he was sjtcaking.
Aretalogus, used of a degenerate, parasitic philosopher, it came to mean
boaster, babbler.
19. Gonoorrentia, clashing.
SATIRE XV. 205
20, Cyaaeis (fiuctibn*) is probably dative. The Cyaneae were islands
in tin; Bosporus.
21, Percussnm agrees with Eljieiiora.
Circes, genitive.
22, Some of Ulysses's companions were changed to swine by the wand
of Circe.
24. Minimum temetura, very little wine.
27. Nuper cousule luuco. lunuus was consul 127 A. n.
28. Super, above i. c., higher up the river.
Copti. Coptos was near the Nile, about ten miles north of Thebes.
29. Cothurnis i. e., than the terrible deeds of tlie tragic drama. Ct
Fig. 33.
30. A Pyrrha i. e., from the time of the flood. Cf. I, 81, note.
Syrmata, tragic robes tragedies.
33. Finitimos, neighbors ; but O'mbi and Tentyra were about one hun-
dred miles apart. Perhaps Juvenal made a mistake, and perhaps he did
not intend to be exact.
Simultas, feud.
36. Volgo, dative.
40. Primoribus ao ducibus, dative.
42. Sentirent, subject is their neighbors.
43. Pervigili tore. Cf. VIII, 158, and Fig. 8.
Quern; its antecedent is toro.
44. Horrida sane, etc. These lines are au-
thority for the statement that Juvenal had
visited Kgypt.
46. Barbara turba, the barbaritm horde PJ Q 81 _Tibicen.
1. e., the Egyptians in general.
Canopo, a town at the mouth of the Nile, famous for dissolute luxury.
47. Adde connects what follows with line 40.
48. Blaesis, properly used of persons that lisp, applies here to those
whose utterance was thick from intoxication.
lude, among the one people ; Hinc (line 51), among the other.
49. Tibicine. Cf. Fig. 81.
52. Tuba = signal, so beginning. Cf. I, 169.
54. Make, cheeks.
55, Viz cuiquam aut nulli, scarcely any one, or (rather) no out.
57. Alias i. e., changed, unrecognizable.
60. Calcent. Why not indicative <
61. Quo, to what purpose.
63. Incliuatis lacertis i. e., stooping down.
65. Turnus et Aiax; these ancient heroes hurled mighty rocks.
66. Tydides, Diomedes.
206 NOTES.
72. A deverticulo, after this digression*.
73. Aucti and pars altera refer to the same party i. e., the Ombites.
75. Praeatant, its subject is ii, to be supplied as the antecedent of qui in
line 76.
82. Veribus, spits.
Usque adeo, so very.
84. Hie, adverb.
86. Te i. e., Volusius; others make it refer to the fire.
88. SuBtinuit. Cf. English, " I can not bear to do it," and XIV, 127.
90. Frima gnla, the first palate i. e., the first one that tasted the dread-
ful food.
93. Vascones, the Basques. The inhabitants of Calagurris were reduced
by famine to cannibalism.
94. Produxere animas = produxere vitam.
95. Bellorum ultima, the extremities of war.
Casus ertremi, the climax of misfortune.
97. Huius, such.
Quod nunc agitnr i. e., when men are driven to it by famine. The
antecedent of quod is exemplum ; agere means to trtat of.
98. ffiout, as, for instance.
Mihi, dative of apparent agent.
Gens, subject of lacerabant.
100, Hostibus miserantibus, ablative absolute.
102. Ease, from edo.
104. Urbibus; this seems to be the reading of the best MS., and is cer-
tainly better than viribus or ventribus.
105. Quibus = iis quibvs.
108. Bed Cantaber, etc. i. e., how can we expect Zeno's stern philosophy
from the Cantabrians, especially in ancient times?
109. Metelli. Q. Metellus Pius fought against Sertorius in Spain.
110 ff. In these times culture extends over the whole world.
110. Nostras Athenas = Romam.
112. Thyle stands for the northern limit of the world.
113. Nobilis ille popnlua i. e., Calagurris.
114. Zacynthos (commonly Saguntum), u town in Spain, the attack upon
which by Hannibal was the ostensible cause of the second Punic war.
115. Tale, habet must be understood ; its subject as well as that of
excusat is populus-et- Zacynthos.
ExcuBat = allege in excuse.
Maeotide ara. Diana had an altar in the Tauric Chersonese, on which
shipwrecked strangers were sacrificed.
117. Ut iam credas. Cf. XIV, 240 ; X, 174.
Carmina is nominative.
SATIRE XV.
207
119i Modo is variously explained. I think it IB temporal =just now.
120. Hos, the Egyptians.
122. Terra Memphitide sicca i. e., if the land of Memphis were oppressed
with drought.
123. Invidiam, insult. Could they
offer greater insult to the Nile under
the greatest provocation than to com-
mit such a crime ? FIG. Si. Phaselus.
124. Qua i. e., rabie.
125. Sauromatae and Agathyrsd, Scythian tribes.
127. Fictilibus phaselis. Some of the Egyptian boats were made of a
sort of clay ; were shaped like a bean (phaselus, cf. Figs. 82 and 83), and
gaudily painted.
128. Pictae testae, used contemptuously of such a boat as those de-
scribed above.
134. Causam dicentis, pleading his case. Squalorem refers to the custom
of a defendant putting on a mourning garment. With this reading amid
and rei both depend on squalor em. Others with less authority read casum
lugtntis.
136. Circumscriptorem, a technical term for an unfaithful guardian. Cf.
XIV, 237.
Cuiua, antecedent is pupillum.
137. Puellares capilli. Boys wore tbeir hair long until they put on the
toga iiiriUs.
FIG. 83. Egyptian phaselus.
Incerta j the boy is so young that his long hair makes him look like a
girl.
140. Minor igne rogi, too small for the funeral pyre. The bodies of very
young children were buried not burned. For the construction, cf. Itttut
Procula minor. III, 203.
Face dignns arcana. In the Eleusinian mysteries there was a procession
with torches.
15
208 NOTES.
141. Such as the priest of Ceres wishes him to oe\. e., pure and good.
142. Aliena sibi, foreign, of no interest to Aim ; so Terence Ifaut. 77,
huma/ti nil a me alien um puto.
143. VenerabUe may mean "reverential" (Macleane), but there seems
little authority for the use.
Soli, we (i. e., men) alone.
147. Guius, ite antecedent is sensttm.
Prona, etc. i. e., beasts.
149. Animas -animum. Anima = life ; animus = intellect.
152. Proavis, dative of apparent agent.
156i Nutantem, staggering.
157, Defendier, archaic form of the infinitive defendi.
159, But men have less kindliness toward each other than the brutes
themselves.
160. Cf. Hor. Epod. VII, 11.
164. Convenit, impersonal.
Ursis, dative.
165. Fernun letale, death-dealing weapon.
166. Parnm est, it is not enough.
Cum, although.
167. Coquere, to forge.
168. Extenders, has about the force of producere above.
171. Crediderint. Weidner says that sed crediderint seems to stand for
ted qui crediderint.
173. Pythagoras was a strict vegetarian.
174, Indulsit, permitted.
SATIRE XVI.
THE ADVANTAGES OF MILITARY LIFE.
INTRODUCTION. Great are the prizes of the soldier that is born under a
lucky star. He may beat his civilian enemy without fear of justice, for,
though the centurion may hear the complaint, his fellow-soldiers will sec
to it that their comrade's accuser is made to smart for bis temerity. Then,
too, it is easier to find men that will give false witness in a civil court than
those that will witness to the truth against a soldier. Civilians must wait
the law's delay ; the soldier's case is speedily tried. Another of his ad-
vantages is that he may dispose of his own property without his father's
control, so that a rich soldier may have his own father for a legacy-hunter.
His promotion, too, is in accordance with his deserts, for it is the general's
interest that the bravest be advanced.
SATIRE XVI.
209
1. Galli, some unknown friend of Juvenal.
2. Subeuntur, subire enter.
Oaatra. Of. Figs. 84 and 85.
3. Excipiat, optative subjunctive.
Secundo sidere = under favorable aunpictt,
6. Genetrix, Juno had a temple at Samos.
81 Ne, quod non would be more usual.
Togatus, civilian.
10, EXCUESOS -dentes, Of. Ill, 301.
11, Offam, a bruise.
12, Medico nil promittentei. e., the physician gives no assurance of
recovery.
Kelictum modifies oculum.
13, Bardaicus iudex, etc. If a civilian seeks redress against a soldier, he
Flo. 84. Plan of Roman fortified camp. A. Ports praetoria; D. Porta decnumna;
F. Praetorium.
210
NOTES.
FIG. 85. Rnins of a Roman camp- at Gamzigrad, in Servia.
has a rough centurion for judge. Bardaicus is an adjective, said to be de-
rived from Bardaei, an Illyrian people that used a heavy, coarse boot.
14. Grandes, etc., refers to the size of the centurion.
15. More Oamilli. L. Furius Camillus during the siege of Veil (405-396
B. o.) kept the soldiers under arms all the year round. There is no his-
torical account of such a special rule as is here referred to.
17. It is quite just then that centurions should be judges where soldiers
are concerned, and doubtless I, as a civilian, shall receive redress; but I
shall make enemies of all his fellow-soldiers, and they will see to it that
the revenge I obtain brings consequences worse than the original harm.
20. Chore; Weidner says this form is used for cohort, in contempt.
21. Curabilis, needing remedy i. e., severe.
23. Mnlino corde, asinine intellect.
Vagelli, unknown.
24. Oum duo crnra habeas, etc. These words are variously explained :
With all your injuries you have two sound legs left, don't risk them against
to many soldier^ boots ; or you have two legs (to run. away with) ; or since
you have only two legs, don't try conclusions with so many. 1 think the
last is preferable.
25. Clavonun, Juvenal speaks of the heavy nails in the soldiers' boots,
III, 248.
Quis, etc. i. e., as a witness.
Procral must be ironical, for the Praetorian camp which "seems to be
meant was close to the city. Cf. V, 153, note.
SATIRE XVI.
211
26. Pylades. The friendship between Pylades and Orestes was pro-
verbial, like that, between Damon and I'ythias.
29. Da testem, firoduce your witites* ; so III, 137.
31. Dignum, etc. i. e., phenomenally brave and loyal. The ancient
Romans wore beard and hair long ; cf. capillato consule, V, 30.
33. Fagannm, villayer and so civilian.
34. Pudorem, honor, good name.
35 ff. The soldier has another advantage in that bis lawsuit is settled
quickly, while that of a civilian is drawn out by tedious delays.
36. Sacramentorum almost = militum. The sacramentum was the oath
of allegiance taken by the soldier.
38. Sacrum saxum, the boundary stone.
39. I. e., where I have sacrificed every
year, at the feast of the Termiiialia, on
the 23d of February.
40. Pergit non reddere, insists upon not
returning.
41. Cf. XIII. 137.
42. Qui lites iuchoet, which bet/ins the
lawsuits of a ivhale people i. e., a civilian's
suit must wait a whole year before it is
even reached on the docket.
44. Subsellia, judicial benches, cf. 1. 14.
Tantum sternuntur, are only spread with
coverings i. c., not actually used.
47. Lenta fori harena, the tedious arena
of the court.
48. Balteus, ^word-belt. Cf. Fig. 86.
50. Suf&amine, drag-chain. Cf. VIII,
148, rotnm astrinijit sufflamine.
51, The soldier is also free from some forms of the patria potestas e. g.,
he may dispose of his own property even during the lifetime of his father.
63. Plaouit, it has been decided. Census, property ; genitive.
56. Captat, pays court to. Cf. X, 202. Hunc refers to Coranus.
Favor. The MSS. all have labor, but it seems inexplicable. Favor is
Ruperti's conjecture. Favor aequus is the favor he has earned.
57, Et pulchro, etc., seems to mean, makes his toil sweet by giring it itt
deserved rewards.
58i Eeferre (with the genitive), to be advantageous to.
60. Phaleris | phalera seems to have been used for a necklace aa well
as for a part of the ornamental trappings of the war-horse. Of. Fig. 61.
Torquibus, a gold collar, or neck-chain. Cf. Fig. 41.
The fragment emls abruptly ; the last sentence is incomplete.
Fio. 86. Soldier wearing the
bulteus.
LIST OF PASSAGES IN WHICH THE
PRESENT EDITION DIFFERS FROM
BtCHELER'S TEXT.
I. 122.
III. 38.
praegnans
et cur non omnia ?
B.
praegnas
et cur non ? onima
218.
Phaecasiatorum
Ilaec Asianorum
IV. 67.
V. 38.
siiiriiuiu
berullo
sagina
berullos
39.
42.
phi alas
illic
phiala
illi
116.
169.
fumat
iacetis
spumat
tacetis
VII. 16.
40.
Gallia
maculosaa
gallica
Maculonia
114.
Lacernae
Lacertae
121.
134.
lagonae,
stlataria
lagonae.
stlattaria
136.
illia
illi
159.
laevae
laeva
165.
198.
quod
fles
quid
flat
V11I. 68.
90.
112.
primum
regum
nun
privum
rerum
ban
162.
176.
207.
234.
Cyanis
Galli
credaraus tunicae
Bracatorum
Cyane
galli
credamus, tunicae
bracatorum
239.
X. 54.
150.
193.
gente
vel
altosque
pendent! sque
monte
quae
aliosque
pendentesque
DIFFERENCES FROM BtfCHELER.
213
XL
55. effugientem
57. vel
B.
et fugientem
nee
XII.
82. arbori
arboris
116. et
aut
XIII.
65. miranti
inirandis
224. exanimes
exanimis
XIV.
16. atque
17. putat
24. inscripti, erpastula
47. reverentia. Si quid-ne
119. felices
Utque
putet
inscripta, crgastals
reverentia, si quid-nee
felicis
152. foede
foedae
217. longi
254. rosas. Mcdicamen
longae
rosas, medicamen
296. cadit
cadet
XV.
75. praestant, instantibus Ombis
praestantibus omnibus installs
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.
Acestes, VII, 235.
Achaei, III, 61.
Achilles, I, 163; VII, 210; VIII,
271 ; X, 256 ; XI, 30 ; XIV, 214.
Acilius, IV, 94.
Aeacus, 1, 10.
Aeacides, VIII, 270.
Aegueus, XIII, 81, 246.
Acgyptos, XV, 2, 45, 116.
Aegyptius, I, 130.
Aemiliani, VIII, 3.
Aemilius, VII, 124.
Aeneas, 1, 162 ; V, 139 ; XV, 67.
Aeoliac rupes, I, 8 ; X, 181.
Aethiops, VIII, 33 ; X, 150.
AJer, V, 152 ; VIII, 120 ; XI, 142.
Africa, VII, 149; X, 148.
Agamemnon, XIV, 286.
Agametiinonidcs, VIII, 215.
Aganippe, VII, 6.
Agathyrsi, XV, 125.
A-ave, VII, 87.
Aiax, VII, 115; X, 84; XIV, 213;
XV, 65.
Alabanda, 111, 70.
Alba, IV, fl.
Albanus, IV, 100, 145 ; V, 33 ; XIII,
214.
Albina, III, 130.
Alcinous, XV, 15.
A'cithoe, VJI, 12.
Alexander (Pellaeus tuvenis), X, 168 ;
XIV, 311.
Allcdius, V, 118.
Allobrox, VII, 214.
Allobrogici, VIII, 13.
Alpcs, X, 166; XIII, 162.
Amydon, III, 69.
Anchemolus, VII, 235.
Anchises, VII, 234.
Ancon, IV, 40.
Ancus, V, 57.
Andros, III, 70.
Antaeus, III, 89.
Anticyra, XIII, 97.
Antigone, VIII, 27.
Ponticus, VIII, 1, 75, 179; XIV,
114.
220
INDEX OP PROPER NAMES,
Pontus, IV, 43 ; X, 273.
Posides, XIV, 91.
Praeneste, III, 190.
Praenestinus, XIV, 88.
Priamus, X, 258.
Prochyta, III, 5.
Procula, III, 203.
Proculeius, VII, 94.
Prometheus, IV, 133; VIII, 133;
XV, 85.
Protogenes, III, 120.
Punicus, XIV, 161.
Pylades, XVI, 26.
Pylius, X, 246.
Pyrenaeus, X, 151.
Pyrrha, XV, 80.
Pyrrhus, XIV, 162.
Pythagoras, XV, 173.
Pythagoreus, III, 229.
Pythia, XIII, 199.
Quintilianus, VII, 186, 189.
Quintilla, VII, 75.
Quirinus, III, 67; VIII, 259; XI,
105.
Quiris, III, 60, 163 ; VIH, 47 ; X,
45, 109.
Remus, X, 73.
Rhadamanthus, XIII, 197.
Rhenus, VIII, 170.
Rhodii, VIII, 113.
Roma, III, 41, 83, 137, 165, 183, 314,
319 ; IV, 38 ; V, 90 ; VII, 4, 138 ;
VIII, 237, 243; X, 122, 279; XI,
46, 197.
Romanus, III, 119 ; V, 58 ; X, 138 ;
XIV, 100, 160.
Romuleus, XI, 104.
Rubellius, VIII, 39,
Rubrenus, VII, 72.
Rubrius, IV, 105.
Rufus, VII, 213, 214.
Rutilus, XI, 2; XIV, 18.
Eutulus, 1, 162 ; VII, 68 ; XII, 105.
Rutupinus, IV, 141.
Sabellus, III, 169.
Sabinus, III, 85.
Saguntinus, V, 29.
Salamis, X, 179.
Saleius, VII, 80.
Samius, XVI, 6.
Samos, III, 70.
Samothrax, III, 144.
Santonicus, VIII, 145.
SardanapalluK, X, 362.
Sarmata, III, 79.
Sarmentus, V, 3.
Sarranus, X, 38.
Saturnus, XIII, 40.
Sauromata, XV, 125.
Scaurus, XI, 91.
Scylla, XV, 19.
Scythicus, XI, 139.
Secundus, VII, 204.
Seianus, X, 63, 66, 76, 89, 90.
Seleucus, X, 211.
Seneca, V, 109 ; VIII, 212; X, 16.
Senones, VIII, 234.
September, XIV, 130.
Seriphos, X, 170.
Sen-anus, VII, 80.
Setinus, V, 34 ; X. 27.
Sibylla, III, 3 ; VIII, 126.
Siculus, V, 100; VII, 236; XIII,
50.
Sicyon, III, 69.
Signinus, XI, 73.
Silanus, VIII, 27.
Siren, XIV, 19.
Socraticus, XIV, 820.
Sol, XIII, 78.
Solon, X, 274.
Sora, III, 223.
So.stratus, X, 178.
INDEX OF PKOPEK NAMES.
221
Spartanus, VIII, 101, 218 ; XIII, 199.
Statius, VII, 83.
Stcntor, XIII, 112.
Stoicus, III, 116 ; XIII, 121 , XV,
109.
Stratocles, III, 99.
Subura, III, 5; V, 106; X, 156;
XI, 51, 141.
Sulla, I, 16.
Sycambri, IV, 147.
Syenc, XI, 124.
Syria, VIII, 169.
Syrius, XI, 73.
Syrophoenix, VIII, 159.
Syrus, III, 62.
Tagus, III, 55; XIV, 299.
Tarpeius, XII, 6 ; XIII, 78.
Tutius, XIV, 160.
Tauricus, XV, 116.
Tauromentanus, V, 93.
Telamon, XIV, 214.
Telephus, I, 5.
Telesinus, VII, 25.
Tentyra, XV, 35, 76.
Tereus, VII, 12.
Terpsichore, VII, 35.
Teucri, VIII, 56.
Teutonicus, X, 282.
Thabraca, X, 194.
Thales, XIII, 184.
Thebae, VII, 12; XI11, 27; XIV,
240.
Thebais, VII, 83.
Thebe, XV, 6.
Theodoras, VII, 177.
Thersites, VIII, 269 ; XI, 81.
Theseis, I, 2.
Thessalia, VIII, 242.
Thrax, III, 79; XIII, 167.
Thrasea, V, 86.
Thrasymachua, VII, 204.
Thyestes, VIII, 228.
Thyle, XV, 112.
Thymele, I, 36 ; VIII, 197.
Tiberinus, V, 104; VIII, 265.
Tiberis, III, 62; VII, 121; XIV,
202.
Tibur, III, 192 ; XIV, 87.
Tiburtinus, XI, 65.
TigellinuB, I, 155.
Tireslas. XIII, 249.
Tirynthius, XI, 61.
Titan, XIV, 35.
Titanis, VIII, 132.
Tongilius, VII, 180.
Tralles, III, 70.
Trebius, V, 19, 135.
Troia, X, 258.
Troianus, IV, 61.
Troicus, VIII, 221.
Troiugenae, I, 100; VIII, 181; XI,
95.
Trypherus, XI, 137.
Tullius, VII, 199.
Tullus, V, 57.
Turaus, XII, 105 ; XV, 65.
Tuscus, VIII, 180; X, 74; XI, 108;
XIII, 62.
Tydides, XV, 66.
Tyrius, I, -27 ; VII, 134 ; XII, 107.
Tyrrhenus, V, 96; XII, 78.
Ucalegon, III, 199.
Ulixes, XI, 81 ; XV, 14.
Ultor, XIV, 261.
Ulubrae, X, 102.
Umbricius, HI, 21.
Vagcllius, XIII, 119; XVI, 28.
Vascones, XV, 98.
Veiento, III, 185; IV, 118, 128.
Venafranus, V, 86.
Ventidius, VII, 199 ; XI, 22.
Venus, IV, 40; VII, 25; X, 86S;
XVI, 5.
222
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.
Venusinus, I, 51.
Vergilius, VII, 69.
Verginius, VIII, 221.
Verres, 111,53; VIII, 106.
Vesta, IV, 61.
Vestinus, XIV, 181.
Vettius, VII, 150.
Victoria, 1, 115.
Vindex, VIII, 222.
Virtus, 1, 115.
Volesus, VIII, 182.
Volsci, VIII, 245.
Volsinii, III, 191.
Voluaius, XV, 1.
Vulcanus, I, 9 ; X, 132; XIH,
45.
Zacynthos, XV, 114.
Virro, V, 39, 43, 99, 128, 134, 149, 156. Zeno, XV, 107.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF OBJECTS
ILLUSTRATED,
rut. PAGK
Abacus . 19 129
Abolla 15 1-J6
Actors 33 146
Ancil'm 49
Autilochos 61
Aplustre 54 170
Appian Way 1
Appian Way (restoration) 10 !_'<'
A roll of triumph
Armor 44
Artoptao 2C
Atrium
Auriga
Balteus .80 211
Bread 25 140
Bridge of boats 55 171
Bronze jugs 5 115
Bulla 30 148
Calamus. . 31 145
Oalidarmm 78 197
Cump(plan) 84
Camp (ruins) 85 103, 210
Campugnu
Castra 84, 85 209, -.'!
Cera (mask) 84 153
Cerae (tablets) 4 114
Chlamys 39 150
Circus Muxinuis (ivstorution) 60
10
224 J^IST OP OBJECTS ILLUSTRATED.
FIG. PAQ
Circus Maximus (view) 80 201
Cithara 42 160
Claudius 84
Clipeus ... 62 179
Cloaca maxima 28
Cothurnus 33 146
Cryptoporticus ........ 78 197
Cucurbita ^ 77 196
Culcitae 24 138
Culina .29 142
Currus 51 61,169
Diadema 47 162
Dice-box 76 195
Dolabra 46
Domitian
Domitian (coin) .
Dooms 35 152
Flagellum 75 193
Forum 48 165
Framea 72 190
Fritillus 76 195
Fulcrum 60
Funambulus 14
Funeral urn ....59 173
Gladiators 16,17 127
Gladiators (armor) 44
Harbor at Ostia (plan) 65
Harbor at Ostia (coin) 67
Hermes 37
Inkstand ......... 31 145
Impluvium .35
Iphigenia 68
Isis ^3 191
Jugs 6 115
Jupiter Ammon
Jupiter Olympius ^*
Juvenal . Frontispiece.
LIST OF OBJECTS ILLUSTRATED. 225
rio. TAOK
Lanista 17 127
Lcctica 2 112
Lectus 23, 60 138, 178
Medusa 83
Mensa 23, B3, 64 138, 179, 180
Mill 38 156
Mimus 43 160
Nassa 69 187
Nereids 6
Nile (view) 96
Nile as river- god (coin) 102
Oecus 86,78 152,197
Oil-flask. . 20 181
Orbi* 63, 64 179, 180
Orpheus 17
Ostia (harbor) 65,67 184,185
Papyrus 31 146
Parthenon ......... 40 157
Peristylium 35, 78 152, 197
Phalerae 61 179
Pharos 66 186
Phaselus (bean) 82 i'"7
Phaselus (vessel) ........ 83 207
Phokion .89 168
Pinnirapus 16 127
Piscina 86 152
Praetorium 84 -'"'.'
Pygmies 74 192
Pyxis 70 188
Raeda 11 122
Reading 81, 62
Retiarius 17 127
Rogus ' .... 68 173
Rostra (?) . 49 168
Rota 22 186
Rowers 68 M, ! '
Sacrifice 67 95, 178
Sacrifice of Iphigenia 68 188
Sambuca. . 12 124
226 LIST OP OBJECTS ILLUSTRATED.
FIG. PAGE
Scutum 41 158
"Secutor 17 127
Sijfnu 79 200
Sinus 6 116
Sistrum 73 191
Soccus 43 160
Squilla 27 140
Standards 79 200
Strigils . 20 131
Stylus 3,4,31 113,114,145
Taberna . 7 117
Tablets . . 4, 31 114, 145
Tablinum 35, 78 152, 197
Temo 51 169
Tepidarium 78 197
Theatre at Aspendos 18 128
Theatre of Herod 56 172
Thyrsus 32 140
Tibicen 81 205
Toga 6 110
Tomb of Caecilia Metella 9 119
TombofScipio 105
Tombs on the Appian Way 10 120
Torques 41 158
Torus 8 118
Triclinium 23 24, 138
Trireme 52, 53 69, 169
Tritons 6
Triumphal arch 23
Tropaeum 50 169
Tuba 57 173
Tympanum 13 124
Urna 59 173
Villa suburbana 78 197
Vomer 21 133
Vulcan's workshop 71 189
Writing materials 81 145
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CLASSICAL DICTIONARIES
HARPER'S DICTIONARY OF CLASSICAL
LITERATURE AND ANTIQUITIES
Edited by H. T. PECK, Ph.D., Professor of the Latin
Language and Literature in Columbia University
Royal Octavo, 1716 pages. Illustrated
Cloth ....... $6.00 In two vols. Cloth . . $ 7.00
Half Leather 8.00 In two vols. Half Leather, 10.00
^[ An encyclopaedia, giving the student in a concise and
intelligible form the essential facts of classical antiquity. It
also indicates the sources whence a fuller and more critical
knowledge of these subjects can best be obtained. The articles,
which are arranged alphabetically, include subjects in biog-
raphy, mythology, geography, history, literature, antiquities,
language, and bibliography. The illustrations are, for the
most part, reproductions of ancient objects. The editor in
preparing the book has received the cooperation and active
assistance of the most eminent American and foreign scholars.
SMITH'S DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND
ROMAN ANTIQUITIES
Edited by WILLIAM SMITH, Ph.D. Revised by CHARLES
ANTHON, LL.D.
Royal Octavo, 1133 pages. Illustrated. Sheep . . . $4.25
^| Gives the results of the latest researches in the history,
philology, and antiquities of ancient peoples. In the work of
revision, the American editor has had the assistance of the
most distinguished scholars and scientists.
STUDENTS' CLASSICAL DICTIONARY
A Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and Geography
Abridged. By WILLIAM SMITH, D.C.L., LL.D.
izmo, 438 pages. Cloth $!*$
^[ Designed for those schools and students who are excluded
from the use of the larger Classical Dictionary by its size
and price. Every name likely to be met with at the beginning
of classical study will be found in this dictionary.
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