346 ACCOUNT OF SOME RARE *ND UNPUBLISHED ANCIENT BRITISH COINS THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ^r gs~ ^^ 7-O^te: -r -z * J^/f^^ '^ ^s? ,^ r AX ACCOUNT SOME RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ANCIENT BRITISH COINS, COMMUNICATED TO THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF LONDON JOHN EVANS, F.S.A., F.G.S., HON. PEC. NUM. SOC. LONDON: 18GO. COWOJIS ANASTATIC PRESS tPS'WlCH ANCIENT BRITISH COINS. AN ACCOUNT ANCIENT BRITISH COINS, COMMUNICATED TO BT JOHN EVANS, F.S.A., F.G.S., HON. SEC. NUM. 8OC. LONDON: I860. Stack Annex 5015346 SOME RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ANCIENT BRITISH COINS. [Read before the Numismatic Society, Jan. 26th, I860.] I HAVE again the satisfaction of presenting to the Society a plate of ancient British coins, most of them hitherto un- published, and all of the highest degree of rarity. Unlike the last miscellaneous plate of these coins that I ( drew, which consisted entirely of uninscribed coins, these are all inscribed, and comprise specimens of the coinage of Cuno- beline, Tasciovanus, Dubnovellaunus, and the Iceni, beside others of rather more doubtful attribution. I need not, however, make any prefatory remarks concerning them, but will at once proceed to the description of the various coins, and the considerations which are suggested by their several types and inscriptions. The first three are of Cunobeline. No. 1 . Obv. CA-MV on either side of an ear of bearded corn, as usual on the gold coins of Cunobeline, but rather more widely spread. The stalk terminating in an ornament, shaped like a Gothic trefoil. Rev. CVNO beneath a horse, galloping, to the left ; above, an ornament, in shape like the Prince of Wales' plume, resting on a reversed crescent. The whole within a beaded circle, with an exergual line. A/. 82f grs. and 81 j grs. The obverse of this coin differs but little from that of the ordinary gold coins of the same prince ; but the reverse is 4 RARE AND UNPUBLISHED very remarkable, as having the horse to the left, instead of, as usual, to the right The ornament above the horse is also singular, and appears to be intended for a flower on a long stalk, between two waving leaves ; but it is, no doubt, in some degree allied to, or derived from, the bucranium, which occupies a similar position on coins of Tasciovanus, 1 Dubnovellaunus, 2 and others. The only other type in gold of Cunobeline, in which the horse is turned to the left, is that with CAMVL on a tablet across a wreath on the ob- verse, and engraved in Hawkins, PI. II. 19 and Ruding, PI. IV. 1. There are, however, in fact, two horses, side by side, on the coins of that type, and the workmanship is far more rude than on those I am describing, the design of which is extremely spirited, and the execution remarkably good. It is a type that has not hitherto been published, and is of great rarity. I am aware of the existence of only three specimens : that engraved in the plate, which is in the British Museum ; the second in the collection of Mr. Wigan, and the third in my own. No. 2. Obv. A griffin, or pegasus, or animal like a winged deer, standing to the left, but with its head turned backwards to the right. Rev. CVN. Victory, standing, to the left, completely draped, with her left holding a palm-branch down- wards, with what is, possibly, a scroll in her right hand. JE. 41 grs. ; another, 34 \ grs. A coin of this type, in the collection of Mr. Bateman, of Youlgrave, was brought under the notice of this Society, many years ago, by Mr. C. Roach Smith, and is engraved Ruding, PI. A. 94, 95 ; Numis. Chron., Vol. XIV., p. 70, No. 10. * Ruding. PI. A, Nos.91,92.; Numis. Chron., Vol. XIV. PL I. Xos. 3, 4, and 9. ANCIENT BRITISH COINS. 5 in his Collectanea Antiqua, vol. i. PI. LV. No. 13, as is also another coin of the same type, but very badly preserved, found at The Slade, Boughton Montchelsea, Kent, in Plate V. No. 1 of the same volume. The animal on the obverse was, however, by Mr. Roach Smith, considered to be an eagle ; whereas, from the specimen now engraved, and another of the same type, also in my own collection, it is evident that it is a winged four-footed animal, such as it has been found convenient to call a griffin, though not having the real griffin's head. The wings upon my coin are not, however, so distinct as I have shown them in the plate, but have been in some measure restored from Mr. Bateman's coin, an impression of which he kindly communicated to me. It is by no means improbable, that if a perfect and well-spread coin of this type is ever found, the word CAMV will appear upon it, beneath the griffin. In the well-known coin of Cunobeline, 3 with a pegasus or griffin on the obverse to the left, with the legend CAMV, and CVNO and Victory hold- ing a garland on the reverse, the Victory is nearly nude, and standing to the right, instead of being, as on these coins, draped, and standing to the left. Another peculiarity is, that the griffin, or whatever animal it be, is made regardant, or looking backwards, instead of having its head in the ordinary position. The coin here engraved was formerly in the late Mr. Huxtable's collection, and was found near Canterbury ; so that two out of the four spe- cimens with which I am acquainted, have been discovered in Kent. The dies from which they were struck appear to bave been remarkably large, and the letters of the legend are twice the size of those on most of the coins of Cunobeline. 3 Kuding, PL V. 30 ; Akerman, Cities and Princes, PL XXIV. 10. 6 RARE AND UNPUBLISHED No. 3. Obv. CV-NOB. A naked horseman, galloping, to the right; in his right hand a short sword, and with his left holding a large oval shield. The whole within a beaded circle. Eev. TASCIIO-VANTIS. A warrior standing, looking to the left; his right hand resting on a spear, and on his left arm holding a nearly hemispherical shield. On his head is a plumed helmet; his body is apparently protected by a coat of mail, and on his legs there seem to be greaves, or, possibly, the national braccce ; and it appears as if a short sword hung at his side. The whole within a beaded circle. JE. 43 grs. This type has long been well known, having been en- graved by Pegge, 4 Stukely, 3 and Ruding ; 6 but by none of them was the legend of the reverse carried farther than TASCIIOVA . It was, however, completed in the remark- able form of TASCI1OVANTIS from a coin in my own col- lection, which will be found engraved in the Numismatic Chronicle, Vol. XVIII. p. 36, No. 3, where are also some remarks upon this singular genitive form of Tasciovanus, or rather Tasciovans. There is, therefore, nothing abso- lutely new in the specimen here engraved ; but the coin, which is in the Museum collection, is in the most beautiful condition, and so unusually well spread, as to give both the obverse and reverse types and legends entire. It is, there- fore, well worthy of being reproduced in the pages of the Chronicle. The type of the galloping horseman is found on several other coins of Cunobeline, both in copper and silver. On one occasion he bears a shield, but not of this oval form, nor so large in size. The horseman with the shield appears also on coins of Verica 7 in gold, and of Tasciovanus 8 in 4 Class IV. c. 5 Plate VII. 2. 6 Plate V. 29. * Akerman. Cities and Princes, PI. XXI. 15. Ruding, Plate V. 35. ANCIENT BRITISH COINS. 7 silver ; but in those cases they are more of a pointed oval, or vesica -piscis, in form. On the gold coins inscribed TASCIO RICON,9 and those of Epaticcus, 10 the horseman carries a shield not much differing in form from that on these coins of Cunobeline. Shields, both round and oval, and occasionally highly ornamented, occur also on Gaulish coins, but are usually borne by standing figures. The coins ofVIIGOTALVS, n orVEROTALVS, a supposed prince of the Arverni, in Aquitania, afford a fine example. The warrior on the reverse of the present coin is remark- v able for his helmet, in shape like that on the head of Cuno- beline 12 on the copper coin with a boar on the reverse, and for the ocrece, if such they be, upon his legs. The shield being in profile, instead of showing its whole surface, is also uncommon. But the most remarkable feature is, as I have before pointed out, the legend TASCIIOVANTIS, which, as the genitive case of TASCIIOVANS, gives a new form, under which the British name, usually represented on the coins by Tasciovanus, was Latinized. Those who would wish to see more on this subject, I beg leave to refer to the Numismatic Chronicle, Vol. XVIII. p. 36. I may add, that the coin here engraved is in the Museum collec- tion, and was found at Sandy, Bedfordshire, a spot where other coins of Cunobeline have likewise been found. No. 4. 01)V. CAMVL-ODVNO, in two compartments of a tablet. A scroll above and below. Rev. CVNO. A sphinx, crouching, to the left; her wings expanded. 9 Num. Chron., Vol. III. p. 1 52, No. 1 ; Vol. XX. p. 56, No. 3. 10 Id. Ib. Vol. XX. p. 1. Duchalais,No.6; Lelewel, PI. VI. 20; Revue Num., Vol. V. N. S., p. 113. 12 Numis. Chron., Vol. XVIII. p. 36, No. 2; Ruding, Pl.V. 23. 8 RAKE AND UNPUBLISHED This coin has already been published by Mr. Akerman, in his " Coins of Cities and Princes," p. 193, No. 36 ; but, by inadvertence, the sphinx is there described as squatting to the right. It has also been published by Mr. Beale Poste, in the Archaeological Association Journal, vol. i. p. 233, and in his " British Coins ;" but, in both places, he has strangely enough converted the sphinx into a pegasus. Both these authors describe the same coin viz., that formerly in the late Mr. Huxtable's collection, and now in mine which is here represented. Another is in the possession of Charles Gray Round, Esq., of Birch Hall, near Colchester ; and Mr. W. B. Smith, of Colchester, is in possession of a third specimen of the same type, but in finer preservation, which was found in a field near the old waterworks there, in 1796. This coin was exhibited at one of the annual meetings of the Archaeological Associa- tion, some years ago ; and there is a woodcut of it in their Journal, Vol. II. p. 40. As, however, it has never been engraved for the Numismatic Chronicle, nor for any of the usual numismatic works of reference, I need make no apology for having inserted it into this plate. It is, as you are probably aware, the only type on which the name of Camulodunum appears at full length upon a coin ; and it is remarkable that the word is given with the ablative termination, CAMULODUNO, " at Camulodunum, " in the same way that on the only coins upon which the name of Verulamium is found in an unabbreviated form, that word also presents the same inflexion, VERLAMIO. It is observable, that the legends of the coins on which the name of this town occurs, give it, without exception, as spelt with an u Camwlodunum. It is spelt in various ways, in the existing copies of their works, by the writers of antiquity, who make mention of it as a principal town of ANCIENT BRITISH COINS. 9 Britain. In Pliny, 13 it is Camalodunum, in some copies, or Cauialdunum, in others. In Ptolemy, 14 KAMOYAOAANON and KAMOYNAOAOYNON. In the Itinerary of Antoninus, and the Tabula Peutingeriana and Tacitus, 13 it is spelt the same as on the coins. The geographer of Ravenna 16 gives it as CamuloduAim, and Dion Cassius 17 as KAMOYAOAOY- NON and KAMAAOAOYNON, in different copies. On an inscription in Gruter, 18 and Camden, 19 it is read Camalo- dunum. And this was the reading preferred by old Camden, partly, probably, as supporting Jris views of its site having been at Maiden. It is needless, at the present day, to enter into any farther arguments to prove, that Colchester was the real site of Camulodunum, though I may remark, in passing, that in the u Monumenta Historica Britannica," the compilers of which seem to have availed themselves of most of the opportunities offered for going wrong, it is, in the index, stated to be Maiden, or Walden, in Essex, though, on the map, its site is correctly fixed at Colchester. Had other evidence been wanting, that of the numerous coiqs of Cunobeline found there, would have been nearly sufficient to determine the point. I see that I have notes of the finding of ten different types of his coins at Colchester ; and it has been stated, that " more of Cuno- beline's coins have been found at this place, than at any other part of the island." 20 But to return to the coin now under consideration. The form in which the inscription on the obverse occurs in the compartments of a tablet, is very characteristic of the 13 Lib. ii. cap. 75. l6 Lib. v. 14 Lib. ii. cap. 3. " Lib.lx. c. 21. 15 Ann., lib. xii. c. 32; xiv. c. 31. 18 ccccxxxix. 5. 19 Britannia, p. 447, ed. 1637. 20 Cromwell's Colchester, p. 372. 10 RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ancient British coinage. There are coins of Cunobeline, both in copper and silver, on which the name CVNOBE- L1XI, 21 or CVN OBELI, appears in a precisely similar man- ner, while the coins inscribed TASCIO-RICON,2 TASC," COM-F,* 4 and TINC, C5 are very analogous in the position of their inscriptions. The type of the reverse, a sphinx, is also of frequent occurrence on the coins of Cunobeline. On one type, 86 in silver, she is seated to the left ; and on another, 27 in copper, she is represented crouching, as on this coin, but to the right instead of to the left. The in- scription is, however, in that instance, above the exergual line. It has been thought that this type of the sphinx was adopted by Cunobeline out of compliment to Augustus, on whose coins it frequently occurs ; though most commonly seated on her hind legs, as on the silver coins of Cunobeline, and not crouching down. On the coins of Augustus, it was probably in allusion to the conquest of Egypt that the type was adopted ; but we learn from both Suetonius 2 " and Pliny, 29 that the sphinx was one of his favourite devices, and adopted by him upon his seal, before he made use of the head of Alexander the Great upon it. His reason for adopting it, however, appears to have been from his having found among his mother's jewels two seals with this device, so much alike that they could not be distinguished, one of which he carried with him in the Civil War, while with the 21 Ruding, PI. V. 26; PL IV. 13, 14. 22 Akerman, PL XXII. 4. 23 Ruding, PI. V. 35 ; PL XXIX. 8. 2* Akerman, PL XXII. 11, 14, 16. 25 Ibid., PL XXII. 12. 26 Ruding, PL IV. 8. 2 7 Ibid., PL V. 25. 28 Suet, Vit. Aug., cap.i. 2 9 Plin., Nat. Hist., lib. xxxvii. cap. 1. ANCIENT BRITISH COINS. 11 other his friends sealed the edicts issued in his name at Rome. As these latter were frequently demands upon the purses of the citizens, the seal of the sphinx got into bad odour ; and this led to the adoption of the head of Alexander the Great, in its stead, for his seal, by Augustus. That this type on the coins of Cunobeline should have been adopted out of compliment to Augustus, is therefore very doubtful- Had there been such an intention, a Capricorn would have been a more suitable device; but the dies for British coins seem, in many instances, to have been engraved by Roman artists, and the figures upon them derived -from classical mythology are frequent. There are instances where the existing devices upon the British coins appear to have been adopted by these foreign artists, and reproduced under a classical form, in accord- ance with their own mythology, rather than with British or Druidical traditions. The horse, in this manner, becomes converted into the pegasus or centaur ; an almost shapeless figure reappears as the- head of Medusa ; and possibly, in the androcephalous horses of the Gaulish coins, is the germ of the crouching sphinx upon the coins of Cunobeline ; though it may have been derived more directly from Roman coins, 30 such as the denarius of the Carisia family. But from whatever source this type was derived upon the coins, it is not a little curious, that, about forty years ago, 31 the figure of a winged sphinx, in stone, about two feet in height and the same in length, was discovered at Colchester, cor- responding in all essential points with the figures upon the coins of Cunobeline. 30 Riccio, xi. No. 4. 3 > Cromwell's Colchester, p. 2G9. 12 RARE AND UNPUBLISHED No. 5. Obv. TASC. Bare male head to the right, with short crisp hair and heard. Rev. VI R or VER ? Centaur to the right, playing on the double flute ; above, a crescent ; and in front, a ring ornament. y. 25 grs. A beaded circle round both obverse and reverse. This coin has already been published by Ruding, 32 Taylor Combe, 33 Akerman,* 4 and in the * Monumenta Historica Britannica ;" K but by none of them has the legend of the reverse been given. From the specimens engraved in Ruding and Akerman, it appears that the legend of the obverse is continued in front of the face, it being given as TASCIAI. There is, however, probably some slight error in the reading of at least the final letter of this word, as the name of Tasciovanus is in no other instance thus spelt. The coin is rightly ascribed to this prince ; and, from the inscription on the reverse, appears, like most of his other coins, to have been struck at Verulam. It is worthy of remark, that the more we know of his coins, the more reason there is for supposing the majority of them to have been issued from a mint at Verulam ; while of his son and successor, Cunobeline, none can with any degree of pro- bability be assigned to that place. Nearly all his coins seem to have been struck at Camulodunum ; to which town, in like manner, no coin of Tasciovanus can be assigned. With regard to the types of the coin now under consideration, it may be remarked, that the head on the obverse differs from that upon any other of his coins, whether in silver or co'pper, in the peculiar treatment of the beard, which is usually long and flowing, instead of short and crisped. 32 PI. V. 38. 34 PI. XXII. No. 15. " PI. XV. No. 30. 35 pi. i. NO. 9. ANCIENT BRITISH COINS. 13 The type of the centaur occurs on one other ancient British coin that of Cunobeline, 36 with the legend TASCIOVANI . F but, in that case, he is merely blowing a single horn, and not playing the double flute. It is sin- gular to find such a purely classical device upon a British coin ; and it is difficult to say from whence it was derived, unless from the fertile imagination of some Roman artist employed to engrave the dies of the British Regulus; though, possibly, here again is a reminiscence of the androcephalous horse on the Gaulish coins. We do, indeed, meet with the centaur, as the type, on Roman coins of a later period ; but then, as an archer, rather than a musician. On a coin of Julia Domna, 37 struck at Nicaea, we find a Bacchanalian chariot, drawn by two centaurs, male and female, the latter playing the double flute. Centaurs 38 appear, also, as draw- ing a chariot, on a denarius of the Aurelia family ; but in that case holding olive branches. The centaur appears as playing the lyre on coins of Prusias, king of Bithynia; but nowhere, that I am aware of, does he appear singly, and playing on the double pipe, except on these British coins. The reputed proficiency of the centaurs in music is well known ; and one of them, Chiron, is celebrated as having been the instructor of Achilles in that art. The next three coins, inasmuch as they apparently belong to one class, and the two varieties they comprise are mutually illustrative of each other, had better be brought under consideration together. No. 6. Obv. Uncertain legend, apparently RVLI. Bare male head to the right, with short crisp hair and long flowing beard. Rudely executed. 3r > Ruding, P1.V.17. 37 Seguin, Sel. Num., p. 163, ed. 1684; Spanheim, vol. i. 280. a* Riccio, PI. VII I. No.l. 14 RARE AND UNPUBLISHED Rev. Horseman to the right, holding a sword (?) in his right hand. In front of him a pellet. A headed circle round both obverse and reverse. JE. 34 grs. No. 7. Obv. As No. 6, but not showing the legend. Rev. As No. 6, but with an uncertain legend, apparently V1R or VER. M. No. 8. Obv. RVI.1S on a tablet, above and below an annulet. The whole within a beaded eircle, with what ap- pears to be a milled or grained circle outside it. Rev. An uncertain animal to the left. JE. No. 6 was found at Creslow, near Aylesbury, Bucks, and was presented to me by Z. D. Hunt, Esq., of Aylesbury ; and No. 7 is in the collection of T. Bateman, Esq., of Youl- grave, who kindly communicated it to me. No. 8 is in the collection of Lord Braybrooke, and was discovered, together with numerous Roman coins, in April, 1853, 39 during his excavations near the Fleam Dyke, Cambridgeshire, among the foundations of an ancient building, at the base of a tumulus known as Muttilow Hill. It is represented in a wood-cut at p, 87, vol. xiii. of the Archaeological Institute Journal, from which I have copied it in the accompanying plate. I have another badly- preserved specimen of the same type as Nos. 6 and 7, but with the head apparently beard- less, found at Dorchester, Oxon, which was formerly in the late Mr. Huxtable's collection. The inscriptions upon both these types are very remark- able ; and though it is to be regretted, that, from the state of their preservation, it is impossible to affirm with certainty that the right reading has been arrived at, yet there is little doubt but that it is RVLIS in a more or less extended form, '9 Arch. lust. Journal, Vol. ix. p. 230. ANCIENT BRITISH COINS. 15 combined, in one instance with VER upon the reverse. The head of the obverse of Nos. 6 and 7 is identical with that of some coins of Tasciovanus and of Verulamium, which are engraved in the Numismatic Chronicle, Vol. XVIII. p. 44 ; while the horseman on the reverse bears a close analogy with that on the gold coins with the legend TASCIO-RICON, and the gold coins of Tasciovanus struck at Segontium. On those coins, also, the legend is on a tablet, somewhat in the manner in which it appears on No. 8 in the plate. Altogether, the whole character of the coins is such, that [ have little hesitation in classing them with the coins of Tasciovanus struck at Verulam ; and the place of finding of the coins at Dorchester, in Oxfordshire, Creslow, in Bucks, and the Fleam Dyke, Cambridgeshire is in no way inconsistent with such an attribution, but, on the con- trary, tends to confirm it. The difficulty is, how to interpret the inscription RVLIS, if such it be. I cannot help thinking that it is in some way connected with the name of the town VERVLAM1VM ; but what relation it bears to it is beyond my power to deter- mine. It is a curious feature in the case, that the minute coins, engraved Nos. 8 and 9 in the Numismatic Chronicle, Vol. XVIII., p. 44, with a type closely allied to the inter- lacing squares of the VERLAMIO coins, and which I then did, and still do, attribute to Verulam, have the legend RVLJ on the reverse, with no appearance of any previous letters. We must, however, wait for more and better-pre- served coins, before speculating farther upon this singular legend. The animal on the reverse of No. 8 can hardly be intended for a horse, but is more probably a deer, sheep, or goat (see the coin of Tasciovanus, Numis. Chron., Vol. XVIII., p 44, No. 4. The type of the obverse of this coin, with the legend on a tablet, with a ring ornament or annulet 16 BARE AND UNPUBLISHED above and below, and the whole within a beaded circle, closely resembles that of one of the gold coins of Verica, 40 and affords another instance (if my attribution of these coins to Verulam be correct) of the analogy of type between the coins of the sons of Comius and the coins struck at Verulam, which I pointed out some years ago. 41 The next coin, No. 9, is one of Dubnovellaunus : Olv. An animal, somewhat resembling a dog or wolf, running, to the right ; his head turned backwards, and tail erected. f Itev. DVBN on a tablet, beneath a lion (?), running, to the left ; behind him a star. M. 41 grs., and 36 grs. The coin here engraved is in the collection of Captain Murchison. I have also two specimens, but not in such good preservation ; though one of them enables me to speak with certainty as to the presence of the D at the commence- ment of the legend, which is not distinctly visible on the other specimens. None of them are in perfect preservation, more especially upon the obverse, or convex side ; and this renders it extremely difficult to determine what animals the artist intended to represent upon it. In fact, the whole zoology of the ancient British coinage is in rather an un- settled state. A somewhat similar animal to that on the obverse occurs on a silver coin of Cunobeline, 44 and is called by Ruding, a dog ; by Akerman, a griffin ; by Wise, a horse; by Pegge, a sheep or dog; while, in the " Monumentu Historica Britannica," it is described as a wolf. A lion crouching above a tablet, inscribed CAMV, occurs on a * Akerman, PL XXII. No. 3. Num. Chron.,Vol. XVI. p. 88. * 2 Ruding, PL IV. 16; Wise, PL XVI. 23. Akerman, PL XXIII. 14 ; Mon. Hist. Brit., PL I. 23 ; Pegge, Class I. 4. ANCIENT BRITISH COINS. 17 i copper coin of Cunobeline ; but on these coins the animal is springing over the tablet. No other type of Dubnovellaunus is at present known in copper, and this is now published for the first time. One 43 type only o his silver coins is known ; while, in gold, there are two 44 distinct types, with some varieties, consisting mainly in the different forms of spelling under which the name Dubnovellaunus appears. It is satisfactory, as showing our advance in the knowledge of this branch of numismatics, for us to have become ac- quainted with coins in all three metals of this prince, whose very existence was, ten years ago, entirely unknown. Unless, possibly, some more perfect inscriptions, similar to that at Ancyra, commemorating the exploits of Augustus, be hereafter discovered, it will be from coins alone that the history of Dubnovellaunus will have to be constructed. At present, we have but his bare name, 45 DAMNO . BELLA[VNVS], and AOMNO [BE]AAAYNOS, in the Ancyra inscription, and DVBNOVELLAVNOS on the coins ; and the fact, that his coins have been principally found in Kent and Essex. One of these copper coins is said to have been found at Brighton ; but I am not satisfied of the fact. I think it barely possible, that, on better preserved specimens, some inscription may be found on the obverse. No 10. Obv. A cruciform ornament of wreaths and ring orna- ments, etc., with two crescents in the centre, similar to that on the gold coins of Tasciovanus. Rev. AND. beneath, a horse, galloping, to the right ; above, a peculiarly-formed bucranium, between two annulets, one of which is surrounded by pellets. In front, another annulet, and traces of another bucranium. The annulet in front of the horse may possibly be an O, which would make the legend ANDO. A7. 84 grs. Num. Chron. Vol. XVI. p. 176. 44 Id. Vol. XIV. PI. I. 45 Hamilton's Asia Minor, Vol. II. App. 5, No. 102; Chishull, Antiq. Asiat., p. 106. 18 BABE AND UNPUBLISHED I have already published this type, about seven years ago, iu the Numismatic Chronicle, Vol. XVI. p. 80, No. 3 ; but the inscription is given so much clearer on the present specimen, that I was tempted to engrave it. It was dis- covered near Ellesborough, Bucks a neighbourhood abounding in ancient British earthworks and was most liberally presented to me by Z.D.Hunt, Esq., of Aylesbury. Another type, 46 with the inscription ANDO. between the limbs of a cruciform ornament, also in gold, is known; but the coins of this type are only one-fourth of the weight of these larger coins. I have already remarked on the corre- spondence between the coins thus inscribed and those of of Tasciovanus, and on the consequent probability that they were struck by a cotemporary prince. At the same time, I called attention to the fact, that the Mandubratius of the present version of Caesar, is by the later writers called Androgeus, or Androgorius ; so that, possibly, an error may have crept into the text of Cajsar ; in which case, these coins might be assigned to Andubratius or Andobratius. This is, of course, mere conjecture ; but, at any rate, from the analogy of the coins with the name of Tasciovanus, we may look upon the word ANDO on these coins as significant of the name of a prince, and not of a town or tribe. The finding of the coins in Buckinghamshire would by no means be incompatible with their attribution to Mandubratius, who was a prince of the Trinobantes, could it be sustained on other grounds. No. 11. Obv. A number of objects, probably intended to form a rude head. The profile is represented by a thick crooked line, which bifurcates to form the mouth. The eye is formed by a ring ornament ; but there is another just behind the mouth, possibly intended 46 Num. Chron., Vol. XVI., p. 80, No. 2. ANCIENT BRITISH COINS. 19 for the ear, and a cross between the two. Be- hind the face runs a sort of wreath, or it may be the hair, formed of crescents, with pellets in the centre of each; and in front are several curved figures and ring ornaments. The whole is within a beaded circle. Rev. TED. A three-tailed horse, to the left ; below, a ring ornament ; in the field, several pellets. JR.. 15 grs. This coin is in the collection of Thomas Bateman, Esq., of Youlgrave, who has obligingly communicated it to me. It was obtained by him, some years ago, at Lincoln, and is, I believe, unique and unpublished. There might be con- siderable difficulty in finding the head upon the obverse of this coin, but that it is linked with a series of closely con- nected devices to some uninscribed types, on which the head is more apparent. Ruding, App. PI. XXIX. 1, and Num. Chron., Vol. i. p. 89, No. 6, may be referred to ; but some of the most conclusive coins have not yet been engraved, though a moderately faithful representation of a coin of the class to which I allude will be found in Stukely, PI. XXII. No. 8. The curved or S shaped ornaments in front of the face are possibly derived from the dolphins, which not un- frequently occur in that position on Gaulish coins and those of the Channel Islands type ; and these, in turn, pro- bably received their device from coins struck in Sicily and Spain. The type of the reverse of the present coin offers no remarkable feature, except that the three tails are more frequently possessed by the horses on gold than on silver coins. The legend is, however, singular. It has all the appearance of being complete as it stands, TED } as it is hard to suppose that there were other letters, either in front of the horse or beneath it, though such may possibly have been the case. This can only be determined by the dis- 20 covery of another specimen, either better spread, or struck from another part of the die. Assuming the legend to be simply TED, I am at a loss to offer the slightest elucidation of it. It is true, that the anonymous geographer of Ravenna mentions a town in Britain called Tedertis ; but this is probably merely a cor- rupt form of the name of some better-known town ; and, under any circumstances, it appears to have been in the south of England, and not in any way near the district where this coin may be presumed to have been found, namely not far from Lincolnshire. The legend ANTED, possibly preceded by two other letters, occurs on gold coins 47 of the Somersetshire type, and ANTED appears in a monogram- matic form on some of the coins of the Iceni j 48 but not even a plausible explanation has been offered of this inscrip- tion, though the facetious interpretation has been given of its referring to the coins having been struck Ante Dominum. The barred D is of frequent occurrence on ancient British coins, and some remarks upon it, in connection with the coins of Addedomaros, will be found in the Numismatic Chronicle, Vol. XVIII. p. 159*9 No. 12 is a coin of the Iceni. Obv. The usual ornament of crescents across a wreath. Rev. 303 (retrograde). A horse to the left, with six pellets in two rows across his shoulder. Above, a circle of pellets. JE. grs. 47 Num. Chron.,Vol. XVI. p. 80, No. 6; Arch. Assoc. Journal, vol. ii. p. 24. 48 Num. Chron., Vol. XV. p. 98, Nos. 7 and 8. *9 Since the above was written, Captain Murchison has met with another specimen of the same type, which completes the legend as ANTED; the AN being beneath the horse. There is some reason for believing this second coin to have been found in the neighbourhood of Bath; and I have little hesitation in placing it in the same class as the gold coins with a similar legend. ANCIENT BRITISH COINS. 21 The only remarkable features about this coin are, that the horse is turned to the left instead of, as usual, to the right, and the legend ECE is retrograde. I have seen two or three other specimens with the horse in this direction ; but they are of very rare occurrence, and none of them showed the legend. This example is in my own collec- tion, and formerly belonged to the late Lord North wick. The horse is remarkable from having the fore-leg divided into two from the shoulder to the knee, giving to that part of the leg a triangular form. This peculiarity is also ob- servable in all, or nearly all, the horses which have the six pellets on their shoulders on the Icenian coins, a " correla- tion of structure" for which it is difficult to account. The horses with the pellets and triangular fore* arm also accom- pany the more remarkable legends on the Icenian coins, such as AESV an d SAEMV. This coin is the last on which at present 1 have to com- ment ; but, in conclusion, 1 would take this opportunity of remarking, that, from circumstances which have come to my knowledge since I brought the singular coins inscribed VERBOD under the notice of this Society, I am much inclined to think, that their authenticity is by no means above suspicion, and that my first impressions regarding them may, after all, prove to have been correct. JOHN EVANS. TVERTHEIMER AND CO., PRINTERS, CIRCUS PLACE, FIXSBUKT. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. Form L9-Series 4939 .PAMPHLET BINDER Syracuse, N. Y. StocRlon. Calif. 000 069 881