I 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
^o^m 
 
THE 
 
 GOLDEN BOOK 
 
 OF 
 
 INDIA 
 
 A GENEALOGICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF THE 
 RULING PRINCES, CHIEFS, NOBLES, AND OTHER 
 
 PERSONAGES, TITLED OR DECORATED 
 
 OF THE INDIAN EMPIRE 
 
 BY 
 
 Sir roper LETHBRIDGE, K.C.I.E. 
 
 iLonlfon 
 MACMILLAN AND CO. 
 
 AND NEW YORK 
 1893 
 
 AH riehts reserved 
 
^ 
 
 Prtnuii *r R. & R- Clark, Edinburgh 
 
 HENRY MORSE STEPHENS 
 
ac 
 
 'By Special 'Permission 
 DEDICATED 
 
 TO 
 
 HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY 
 
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 QUEEN EMPRESS OF INDIA 
 
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 INTRODUCTION 
 
 I. — Sources of Information. 
 
 .710 official authority whatever attaches to this work, or to any 
 statement in it. The Editor has received the most kind and 
 
 valuable assistance from all those Indian officials who have 
 charge of matters relating to Dignities and Titles ; but he is 
 alone responsible for the contents of T/ie Golden Book of 
 Lidia. Much of the information has been derived from the Princes, Noble- 
 men, and Gentlemen whose names are included herein. To each one has 
 been sent, so far as it has been found possible, a prospectus of this work, with 
 a request for information, and with specimens of the form in which that 
 information is desired ; and in every case in which that appeal has been 
 responded to, the fullest consideration has been given to the particulars 
 submitted for insertion. It is hoped that, now the work in its experimental 
 form is once before the Indian public, all those who are interested in its 
 accuracy will send their suggestions, whether for additions, or for alterations 
 or corrections, direct to the Editor, care of Messrs. Macmillan and Co., 
 29 Bedford Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. It will readily be under- 
 stood that in a work of such magnitude, involving reference to some thousands 
 of persons, individual correspondence must be impossible ; and consequently 
 the Editor, while assuring those who favour him with their communications 
 that these shall receive the most careful attention, hopes that he will be 
 forgiven if he is unable to reply separately to each one. 
 
 The task of compiling this much-needed work has been of far greater 
 difficulty than was expected. Some of the difficulty has been due to its 
 novelty ; for among those who have sent information regarding themselves 
 and their families, there has naturally been little uniformity in method or 
 scale. This difficulty will, it is anticipated, soon disappear. But the chief 
 difficulty has been owing to the fact that India stands alone among civilised 
 nations in possessing no special Department, College, or Chancery, charged 
 with the duty — a very necessary duty from the point of view alike of 
 
viil THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 expediency and of national dignity — of recording and certifying national 
 honours and titles, of regulating their conferment, and of controlling their 
 devolution where hereditary. The Foreign Department of the Government 
 of India, being that Department which has charge of the relations of the 
 Paramount Power with the Feudatory States and their Rulers, naturally and 
 properly directs so much of this business of State as cannot by any possibility 
 be shirked. But the question of the very necessary establishment of a 
 Heralds' College, or a Chancery of Dignities, has only once (in 1877) 
 been seriously faced — and then its solution was postponed. 
 
 The results of this neglect are already deplorable, and must ere long 
 receive the attention of the Government of India. Indian titles are officially 
 defined to be, either by grant from Government, i.e. a new creation by Her 
 Imperial Majesty the Queen Empress through her representative ; or " by 
 descent, or by well-established usage." The Government alone can be the 
 judge of the validity of claims, and of their relative strength, in the case of 
 titles acquired by " descent " or by " well-established usage." And it is clear 
 that this Royal Prerogative, to be properly used, ought to be exercised openly 
 and publicly through the medium of a regular College or Chancery. It is, 
 of course, true that the Foreign Department possesses a mass of more or less 
 confidential information, and thoroughly efficient machiner)-, for deciding all 
 questions of the kind, when such questions are submitted to, or pressed upon, 
 the notice of Government. But when that is not the case, there seems to be 
 no public authority or accessible record for any of the ordinary Indian titles, 
 or for the genealogy of the families holding hereditary titles. Much confusion 
 has already arisen from this, and more is likely to arise. In the Lower 
 Provinces of Bengal alone, there are at this moment some hundreds of 
 families possessing, and not uncommonly using, titles derived from extinct 
 dynasties or from common repute, yet not hitherto recognised formally by 
 the British Government ; and these, sometimes justly, but more frequently 
 perhaps unjustly, are in this way placed in a false and invidious position. 
 The State regulation of all these matters, in a plain and straightfor^vard 
 manner, would undoubtedly be hailed with pleasure in India by princes and 
 people alike. 
 
 In equal uncertainty is left, in many cases, the position of the descend- 
 ants of ancient Indian royal and noble families ; as also that of the Nobles 
 of Feudatory States, the subjects of ruling and mediatised princes. 
 
 Then, too, there is endless confusion in the banners, badges, and devices 
 that are borne, either by the custom of the country or by personal assump- 
 tion, by various families and individuals. Tod's learned work on The Annals 
 0/ Jidjdsthdn^ taught us long ago that badges and family emblems were as 
 
 ' Colonel Tod says : "Thcmarti.il R.njpoots aie not strangers to armorial bearings. . . . The 
 great lianner of Mcwir cxhibils a goUlen Sun on a crimson field ; those of the chiefs bear a 
 Dagger. Amber displays the /<jH<AramTj, or five-coloured fl.ig. The lion rampant on an .irgcnt 
 field Is extinct with the .State of Chanderi. In Europe these customs were not introduced till 
 the period of the Crusades, and were copied from the Sar.icens; while the use of them amongst 
 
INTRODUCTION IX 
 
 characteristic of Rajput chivalry as of the feudaHsm of Europe — appeahng to 
 similar sentiments, and similarly useful for historical and genealogical purposes. 
 To this day hundreds of Chiefs and country gentlemen in Rajputana, in 
 Central India, in Kathiawar, and in many other parts, use their ancestral 
 devices in their seals or accompanying their signature. Thus every petty 
 Thakur (as well as Chiefs of higher degree), from Oudh in the East to 
 the Western Sea, who can trace his descent from the proud Chauhan 
 clan of Rajputs that gave the last Hindu Emperors to Delhi and Ajmir, 
 still claims his ancestral right to the Chauhan santak, or device on seal 
 and for signature, called the " Chakra " (see the drawing at p. loo). 
 Figures of Hamimdn (the Monkey God), of the Sacred Peacock, and of the 
 Sacred Garur or Eagle, take the place, in the heraldry of the East, of the lions, 
 the leopards, and the fleur-de-lys of the more elaborate and artificial coat- 
 armour of the West. The kulcha, or "lucky chapati" (biscuit), with the 
 silver quatrefoils, on the green flag of the Nizam, the red oriflamme of the 
 " Sun of the Hindus " (the Maharana of Udaipur), the falcon of Marwar, 
 the Gangetic dolphin of Darbhanga, the white and green stripes of the late 
 Sir Salar Jang, and many other hereditary devices and emblems, have long 
 been and still are familiar in India. But there seems to be no authority by 
 whom the use of such emblems is directed or controlled ; nor has the 
 Government of India ever had the prudence to avail itself of the rich store 
 of revenue that might easily, and indeed (from the historical and genealogical 
 point of view) usefully, be raised from the fees and duties to be derived 
 from the extended use of armorial bearings. It is hoped that the publication 
 of this work may have some influence in inducing the Government of India 
 to establish that very necessary institution, a Heralds' College or Chancery of 
 Dignities, in connection with its Political Department — or, perhaps better, 
 to petition Her Majesty to attach a duly-constituted Indian Department to 
 the College of Arms in London under the Garter King of Arms. 
 
 In the existing circumstances — it may be hoped only temporarily existing 
 — described above, the Editor has felt constrained, very reluctantly in many 
 cases, to decline to insert the particulars of any titles that have not been 
 more or less formally recognised by the Government of India, except in 
 about half a dozen very special cases, where there could not by any possibility 
 be any doubt of the authenticity of the claims. For instance, in the case of 
 the Raikat of Baikanthpur, in the district of Jalpaiguri, Bengal, the title appears 
 to be unique in India — and there can be no doubt whatever that it has been 
 borne by something like twenty generations of hereditary kinsmen of the Rajas 
 of Kuch Behar ; some account of this singularly interesting title has been 
 inserted, though there is some reason to doubt whether it appears in any 
 
 the Rajpoot tribes can be traced to a period anterior to the war of Troy. In the Maha- 
 bharat, or Great War, twelve hundred years before Christ, we find the hero Bheesama exult- 
 ing over his trophy, the banner of Arjoona, its field adorned with the figure of the Indian 
 Hanuiiuin. These emblems had a religious reference amongst the Hindus, and were taken 
 from their mythology, the origin of all devices." — Annals of liajistluin, vol. i. pp. 123, 
 124. 
 
 a 2 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 offickl list. And so, too, with a few well-known courtesy titles {see § 8 of this 
 Introduction). 
 
 2. — Method of Arrangement. 
 
 After much thought and deliberation, it has been determined that, at 
 least for this first edition of T/ie Golden Book — which in many respects must 
 necessarily have something of the nature of an experiment — the arrangement 
 of the work shall be simply alphabetical. In future editions it is possible 
 that the volume may be divided into separate parts, distinguishing between 
 Ruling Princes on the one hand, and Dignitaries and Titled Personages of 
 British India on the other — or possibly distinguishing between Territorial 
 Titles and others. But the difficulties of classification would be exceedingly 
 great in a large number of cases, and any attempt in that direction would 
 certainly greatly delay the appearance of the work. And, after all, even the 
 most careful and accurate classification would, for practical purposes, be of 
 very little use ; for, as the next section of this Introduction will show, there 
 is at present no strict gradation of titles — and of some titles the relative 
 values, strange as this may seem, are different in different parts of India. 
 
 In India itself, the relative social importance of the various Dignitaries 
 included in this work is well known, and any attempt further closely to 
 define precedence would be an invidious as well as unnecessary task. 
 
 For European readers it may perhaps be suflScient to give very rough and 
 general analogies from the European system. For instance, the relative posi- 
 tion of such potentates as the Nizam of the Deccan or the Mahardja of 
 Mysore to the Indian Empire may not unfitly be compared with that of the 
 King of Sa.xony to the German Empire. The hereditarj- Mahanijds, Rajds, 
 and Nawabs of British India occupy a position ver)' similar to that of the 
 British Peerage at home ; while the holders of the lower titles may be com- 
 pared with our Knights Bachelors, and the Knights and Companions of the 
 -Military Orders. Among the ruling chiefs, their comparative position and 
 importance may also be estimated by observing the area and population of 
 their respective States, as compared with the smaller Kingdoms and Princi- 
 palities of Central Europe. 
 
 3. — Indian Titles: General. 
 
 A list of one hundred and ninety-six different titles known to the Govern- 
 ment of India has been compiled in the Indian Foreign Office. Even this 
 long list can hardly be regarded as exhaustive, for it does not include many 
 dynastic appellations which have come to be regarded in the light of titles, 
 such as Gaekiiiiir, the dynastic name of the Mahdrdjds of Baroda ; Sindhia, 
 that of the Mahdrdjds of Gwalior ; Holkar, that of the Mahdrdjds of Indore. 
 Nor does it include such titles as that of Yuvanij or ///(^flr<//' (Youthful Rdjd), 
 often applied (as lately in Manipur) to the heir to the Rdj. And it is of 
 course exclusive of the Militarj' Orders of Knighthood. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 The majority of these titles are Hindu (derived chiefly from the Sanskrit 
 language), or Muhammadan (derived chiefly from the Persian). The Bur- 
 mese titles, though lengthy, are few in number ; while still fewer are Ara- 
 kanese (or Magh), Thibetan, Afghan, Baluch, Somali, etc. Two distinguished 
 Parsi families have received the English title of Baronet ; while one Madras 
 family, the descendants of the old Nawabs of the Carnatic, has the English 
 title of "Prince of Arcot," called also " Amir-i-Arcot." The title of Prince 
 is also often given by courtesy as the English rendering of the title of " Shah- 
 zada," conferred by Her Majesty the Empress on certain descendants of the 
 Tippu dynasty of Mysore, of the old kings of Oudh, and of former Amirs 
 of Afghanistan. 
 
 Some Indian titles are personal ; others have been recognised by Her 
 Majesty as hereditary. It is intended in this work to distinguish those which 
 are hereditary from those which are personal. 
 
 In the list of one hundred and ninety-six titles mentioned above (which 
 is given below, in section 1 1 of this Introduction, with a glossary of their 
 meanings where known), some are specific titles, analogous to the English 
 "Duke," "Earl," etc.; such are Mahdrdjd, Rdjd, A'aicdlK Some are 
 descriptive titles, somewhat analogous to the " Defender of the Faith " borne 
 by our Gracious Sovereign ; such are Shamsher Jang ("The Sword of War"), 
 a title borne by His Highness the Maharaja of Travancore, and Fath Jatig, 
 one of the many titles borne by His Highness the Nizam of the Deccan. 
 Titles of the latter form are generally confined to a single personage or 
 dynasty; but a few are common to more than one ^\.2Aq,o.s Lokendra ("Pro- 
 tector of the World "), borne by the Chiefs of Dholpur and Dattia. 
 
 4. — Indian Titles : Ruling Chiefs. 
 
 The normal or typical title of Chiefs or Nobles of Hindu descent is Rdjd 
 (in the feminine Rani), or some of its numerous kindred forms. Some of the 
 latter are Rdnd, Rao, Raival, Rdtcat, Rat, Raikivdr, Raikhdr, Raikat. To 
 these is added, to indicate excess of rank, the prefix Ma ha ("Great"), as in 
 Mahdrdjd, Mahdrdnd, Mahdrao, Makdrdj-Rdnd, etc. The affix Bahddur 
 ("Brave," "The Hero") is very commonly added (as an extra honorific) to 
 all Indian titles, Muhammadan as well as Hindu, and is placed at the end of 
 the name, much like the English " Esquire." Saheb is a somewhat similar 
 affix, and is very commonly used as a courteous form of address ; when used 
 as the supplement of a title it indicates a rank somewhat less than Bahddur, 
 — thus Rao Bahddur and Khan Bahddur are titles usually of rather more con- 
 sideration than Rao Saheb or K/uin Sahcb. Thdkur is also a frequently-used 
 Hindu title. Some important feudatory Chiefs bear no other title, but it 
 usually is of less consideration than Rdjd. 
 
 Diwdn and Sarddr are titles very similar in character to that of Thdkur ; 
 but they are common to Hindus and Muhammadans. 
 
 The normal or typical title of a Chief or Noble of Muhammadan descent 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 is Nawdb (with Begam as its feminine form) ; usually with the honorific suffix 
 of Bahddur, and in forms of courteous address with that of Saheb. The 
 title of Shdhzdda (" King's Son ") is given to some descendants of the Tippu 
 dynasty of Mysore, to some descendants of former Amirs of Kabul, and to 
 some descendants of the old Kings of Oudh. Other Muhammadan titles — 
 sometimes equivalent in consideration to Nawdb, but not always — are Walt, 
 Sulldn, Amir, Mir, Mirza, Midn, Khdn ; also Sarddr and Diivdn, which are 
 common to Hindus and Muhammadans. 
 
 Among the Ruling Chiefs there are some exceptional titles, due sometimes 
 to differences of language, sometimes to other known causes, and sometimes 
 of unknown origin. The first and greatest of all the Princes of the Empire 
 is always known as the Nizam of the Deccan — a relic of the time when His 
 Highness's ancestors were mediatised kings under the Emperor of Delhi. 
 The title, though implying in itself fealty to an Imperial authority, is one of 
 the highest dignity, and can hardly be translated by any European title less 
 august than " king " ; it is therefore a suitable title for the first mediatised 
 prince under the Indian Empire, charged with the absolute rule over an area 
 more than twice as large as that of Bavaria and Saxony combined, and a 
 population greater than that of the two kingdoms named. 
 
 Holkar and Sindhia are rather of the nature of dynastic names than of 
 titles ; and the Gaekivdr (the title of one of the greatest of the Ruling Chiefs) 
 is of a similar nature, having been originally a caste name ; and all these 
 three are relics of the Mahratta Empire. 
 
 Among the exceptional titles due to difference of language may be noticed 
 that of Jdm, which is of Sindhi or Baluch origin ; there are two Jdms of 
 ruling rank in Kathiawar, and one in Baluchistan. The Ruler of Spiti, an 
 outlying Himalayan principality in the Punjab, is known as the Nono of 
 Spiti — " Nono " being a Thibetan form. One of the -Assamese Rajas is known 
 as "the Bohmong"; another simply as " the Mong Rajd." Some of the Madras 
 Chiefs have peculiar titles of local origin. Thus, the Maharaja of Calicut 
 bears the historic title of " the Zamorin " — probably a local corruption of the 
 Malayalam Samiindri, or "sea-king." The Mahdrdjd of Puducotta is known 
 as " the Tondiman " ; and some other Madras Rdjds are called " the Valiya 
 Rdjd," Nine Feudatories (eight in the Bombay Presidency and one at 
 Muscat in Arabia) bear the title of Siiltdn. The descendants of the ancient 
 chiefs of Sind are called Mirs ; the Chief of Afghanistan is called Amir. The 
 Chief of Kaldt in Baluchistdn is both a Mir and a Wali, and has been created 
 (like the Amir of Afghanistan) a Grand Commander of the Star of India. 
 In the Aden territory, which is subordinate to the Bombay Government, 
 some of the chiefs bear the title of Girad, which is of Somdli origin ; others 
 are known by the .Xrabic titles of Stilldn, Amir, and Shaikh. Some of the 
 heads of Hindu religious bodies .irc hciedit.irv tViul.il rhicfs ; and their title 
 is Mahanl. 
 
 All, or most of the titles mentioned above, though recognised by the 
 British Government, have come down to us from earlier times. Her 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 Majesty has, in a few very special cases, authorised a change of title among 
 the Feudatories ; as, for instance, when a Thdkur Saheb has been authorised 
 to use the higher title of Mahdrdjd Bahadur. But, generally speaking, when 
 it is wished to confer honour on a ruling prince, it is conferred, not by a 
 change in the ancient title of chiefship, but by appointment to one or other 
 of the classes of the Orders of the Star of India or the Indian Empire — 
 by the addition of descriptive titles — by an increase in the number of guns 
 authorised for the salute, such increase being usually a personal one — or by 
 the conferment of Honorary military rank in the Imperial army. 
 
 5. — Titles Recognised, and Regularly Conferred by Her Majesty 
 
 THROUGH THE GOVERNMENT OF IndiA. 
 
 In British India there is now a well-established order and gradation 
 of nobility ; in which creations and promotions are made by Her Gracious 
 Majesty's representative, the Viceroy, just as similar creations and pro- 
 motions are made in England. In the higher ranks of this nobility, an 
 additional step or grade in each rank is made by the custom, unknown as 
 yet in England, of making the creation or promotion in some cases personal, 
 in others hereditary. But no rank below that of Raja for Hindus, or Nawab 
 for Muhammadans, is now created hereditary. 
 
 Rai (or Rao in Southern and \\'estern India) for Hindus, and KIuvi for 
 Muhammadans, are the first or least considerable titles conferred by the British 
 Government. These, with or without the affix of Saheb, which adds to the 
 dignity, are very commonly ex officio titles, held by the subordinate officers of 
 civil departments. Next above Rai Saheb, Rao Saheb, or Khdn Saheb comes 
 the title Rai Bahddur, Rao Bahadur, or Khdn Bahddur ; and this is the 
 title — though it has sometimes also been made simply an ex officio title— 
 which is usually first conferred on Indian gentlemen who have distinguished 
 themselves by their munificence, by their patriotism, or in any other way. 
 Rai Bahddur is commonly used as the Hindu title in the Bengal Presidency, 
 Rao BaMdur as that in the west and south of India, and Khdn Bahddur 
 for Muhammadans and Parsis ; and this rank seems exactly analogous to that 
 of Knight Bachelor in England. 
 
 Above this rank is the title of Rdjd (with the feminine Rdni) for Hindus, 
 Nawdb (with the feminine Begani) for Muhammadans ; and this may be 
 hereditary or personal — a remark which applies to all the higher ranks. 
 Next higher is a Rdjd Bahddur, or a Nawdb Bahddur. Higher again, 
 for Hindus, is the title of Mahdrdjd, and above that is Mahdrdjd Bahddur. 
 It is one of the many anomalies of the Indian system as at present 
 existing, that there do not seem to be any Muhammadan analogies to these 
 last two highest Hindu titles, so that a Nawdb Bahddur may be the equal 
 either of a Rdjd Bahddur, or of a Mahdrdjd Bahddur, according to 
 circumstance. These seem to be very analogous to the various steps in the 
 British Peerage. 
 
xiv THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Parsis share with Muhammadans their lower titles. But where they have 
 attained to higher rank than Khan Bahadur, it has been indicated by 
 appointment to one of the Military Orders, or by the conferment of British 
 Knighthood, or (in two cases) by a British Baronetcy. 
 
 The ordinary sequence of rank, then, in the aristocracy of British India, 
 is indicated by the subjoined tables : — 
 
 Hindus. Muhammadans. 
 
 Mahdrdj.-l Bahddur. Nawdb Bahddur. 
 
 iMahdn-iji Nawdb. 
 
 Rdjd Bahddur. Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Rdjd. Khdn Saheb. 
 
 Rai (or Rao) Bahddur. Khdn. 
 Rai (or Rao) Saheb. 
 Rai (or Rao). 
 
 The eldest son of a Maharaja or Raja is called a Maiiarajkumdr (or 
 Mahdrajkunwar), or Rajkumar (or Rajkunwar), or simply Kumar (or Kunwar) ; 
 and these titles have in some cases been formally conferred by the Govern- 
 ment. Natadbzdda, or Mian, is the title given to the sons of Nawdbs. 
 
 Among the Barons of the Punjab there is a remarkable uniformity of 
 title ; they are nearly all styled Sarddr or Sarddr BaMdur — and their sons 
 are often styled Mian, though this is also an independent title, as is Diu<dn 
 also, in the Punjab. In Oudh and in the Central Provinces, on the other 
 hand, there is the greatest diversity in the form of the territorial titles — 
 Thdkur being the commonest title, but Rai is also frequent (and of far 
 higher dignity than it seems to bear in some other Provinces), and so are 
 Rdjd, Di7vdn, and Rao. 
 
 6. — Burmese Titles. 
 
 The chiefs of the Shan and other tribes on the frontiers of Burma have 
 the titles (equivalent to Rdjd or Thdkur, or other Indian titles) either of 
 Sawlnca, or Myoza, or Ngjcegunhmu. 
 
 But the regular Burmese titles ordinarily conferred by the British 
 Government are these : — 
 
 ( 1 ) Ahmiidan gaunf^ Tazcik-ya Min (meaning " Recipient of a Medal for 
 Good Service"), indicated by the letters A.T.M. after the name — much as 
 the Companionship of the Bath in England is indicated by the letters C.B. 
 
 (2) Kyet Thaye zaiing sh7ce Sai'ice ya Min (meaning "Recipient of the 
 Gold Chain of Honour"), indicated by the letters K.S.M. after the name. 
 
 (3) Thuye-i^aum; A^uvda ya Min (meaning " Recipient of the Silver 
 Sword for Bravery"), indicated by the letters T.U.M. after the name. 
 
 7. — Titles as Rewards for Learning. 
 
 It remains to notice two Imperial titles of ancient origin, as indicating 
 exceptional distinction in learning, that were revived on the auspicious 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 occasion of Her Majesty's Jubilee. These are Mahdmahopddhydya for 
 Hindus, and Shams-ul-Ulama for Muhammadans. It is noteworthy, as 
 showing a wise regard for that reverence which great erudition has ahvays 
 commanded in the East, that holders of these titles, ranking equally among 
 themselves according to date of creation, take rank directly after titular 
 Rajas and Nawabs ; and thus the dignity is rendered somewhat analogous to 
 the high dignity of a Privy Councillor in the United Kingdom. 
 
 8. — Courtesy Titles. 
 
 There are many titles habitually used in India — and a few have been 
 admitted into this work — that are not substantive titles in the strictest sense 
 of the term, but may best be described as courtesy titles. Of this nature is 
 the title of " Prince " in most cases — though not in the case of the Prince of 
 Arcot, who enjoys a title specially conferred by the Sovereign. The title of 
 " His Highness," conferred or recognised by the Queen Empress, belongs as 
 of right only to a limited number of the Feudatory Chiefs, and to a few of 
 the Nobles of British India ; but it is very generally conceded, as a matter of 
 courtesy, to most of the Feudatory Chiefs and the greater Territorial Nobles. 
 The title of " His Excellency " has been specially granted to one or two 
 Chiefs ; it is also commonly used, as a matter of courtesy, in addressing 
 the responsible Ministers of the chief Feudatory States. 
 
 The owners of some great Zaminddris or estates, especially in Madras, 
 are sometimes styled Raja in common parlance, even when they have not 
 received that title from the Sovereign. But there seems to be no authority 
 for this ; nor — so far as is known to the Editor, and with the few exceptions 
 above noted — is any name inserted in this work as that of a Raja, or as 
 holding a similar title, unless recognised by the Government of India. 
 
 Immemorial usage throughout India has conferred well - recognised 
 courtesy titles on the heirs-apparent of the greater titles ; and in some cases 
 on the second, third, fourth, and younger sons. There is at least one Raja 
 whose eldest son bears the courtesy title of Kutiwdr, the second son that of 
 Diwdn, the third that of TMkur, the fourth that of Ldl, and the fifth and 
 younger sons that of Bdbu. It may here be noted that, in common use in 
 Bengal, the title of Bdbu has degenerated — like the French Monsieur and 
 the English Esquire — into a mere form of address ; but it belongs of right 
 only to a very limited class — and particularly to the sons, not otherwise 
 titled, of the greater titled personages. In Orissa, Chota Nagpur, and 
 Central India, the eldest son of a Raja or Thakur frequently bears the title 
 of Tikait or Tikaildo ; and sometimes (but rarely) the second son bears the 
 title of Pothait or Pothaildo, and the third that of Ldl. But in most, prob- 
 ably in all, cases, the younger sons are styled Bdbu. In some of the Orissa 
 Tributary Mahals, and in Manipur and in Hill Tipperah and elsewhere, the 
 heir-apparent is styled Jubardj or Yuvardj. In some other parts he is 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 called Diwdn ; while in the Punjab the heir-apparent of a territorial Sarddr 
 is sometimes also called Sarddr, but more commonly he bears the title of 
 Mian. 
 
 The curious Mariimakkatayam law of inheritance which prevails in 
 Malabar and the extreme south of India — under which the succession is to 
 the offspring of the female members of the family, among whom the next 
 eldest to the Raja is the heir-apparent — makes it very fitting that the rank of 
 an heir-apparent, in those parts of India, should be marked by special titles. 
 The heir-apparent to His Highness the Maharaja of Travancore is often called 
 by Europeans the First Prince of Travancore ; but his proper courtesy title is 
 " the Elaya Raja." The same title is borne by the heir-apparent to His High- 
 ness the Mahdrijd of Cochin. The heir-apparent to the Zamorin of Calicut 
 bears, by courtesy, the interesting title of "The Eralpad." It will be seen 
 that, under the Mannnakkatayain law, no son of a Raja can ever be in the 
 line of succession ; these receive the courtesy title of AchMian. 
 
 The colloquial use of the dynastic titles of Sindhia and Holkar may be 
 illustrated by a somewhat similar Scottish usage, by which the actual Chief or 
 Laird is colloquially known by the name of his estate. Mr. Cameron becomes 
 " Lochiel " the moment he succeeds to the estate of that name ; so one of 
 these young Princes becomes " Sindhia " the moment he succeeds to the 
 Gwalior Raj, and the other becomes " Holkar " the moment he succeeds to 
 the Indore Raj — the junior members of these ruling Houses using the title 
 as their family name. 
 
 9. — Armorial Bearings. 
 
 The Editor has already pointed out, in an earlier section of this Intro- 
 duction, the need that exists for the services of an Indian King of Arms and 
 an Indian Heralds' College. Such an institution, provided due regard were 
 paid to Indian sentiments and prejudices, would be immensely popular 
 among the Chiefs and notables of India ; and a very considerable revenue 
 might yearly be raised, with the greatest goodwill on the part of those who 
 would pay it, from a moderate duty, similar to the one levied in the United 
 Kingdom, on the authorised use of hereditary cognisances or armorial 
 bearings. At present an Indian noble is justly proud of a cognisance that 
 has been honourably borne for centuries by his ancestors, and would prefer 
 to use it with full legal authority ; but it is doubtful whether he can do so 
 at all, except by a most difficult and most unusual application to the Eari 
 Marshal of England and the Garter King of Arms in London, for an 
 authorised grant. So, too, with more modern adoptions of coat-armour ; 
 these have been authorised by the College of .Arms in London for the two 
 Indian Baronets, and perhaps for a few more — but as a rule the modus 
 flptrandi is unknown. 
 
 Wherever the Editor has been able to obtain a sketch of the cognisani c 
 or device usually used by any Chief — or that has been emblazoned on his 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 banner, on such public occasions as the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi, on 
 the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India — a 
 copy has been given in this work in the actual form used, without regard to 
 the question of its being duly authorised by the College of Arms, or of its 
 being in accordance with the laws of European heraldry. It is hoped that 
 in a future edition this laxity will not be necessary, and that steps will in the 
 meantime have been taken to regulate the devolution of ancient cognisances, 
 and the assumption of new ones. It is stated that some of the Feudatory 
 States have placed coats of arms on the postage stamps in use within their 
 limits ; and it is quite clear that the use of such emblems is rapidly becoming 
 common. 
 
 In the case of all those Chiefs whose banners were displayed at the 
 Imperial Assemblage of ist January 1877, i.e. all the Chiefs of highest 
 rank — the emblems then used were used " by authority " ; and copies of 
 some of them have been obtained for this work. The editor will be glad to 
 be favoured with copies of others, sent through Messrs. Macmillan and Co. ; 
 and will give his best consideration to them, though he must not be taken to 
 pledge himself to the insertion of any. 
 
 10. — Ceremonie,s observed on the Installation of an Indian Noble. 
 
 The Warrant conferring (or authorising the hereditary succession to) a 
 title is called a sanad — sometimes spelt " sunnud." It is signed, on behalf 
 of Her Majesty the Empress, by His Excellency the Viceroy ; and bears the 
 Official Seal of the Empire. 
 
 It is usual — though there appears to be no invariable rule — for the local 
 representative of Her Majesty, on the occasion of the installation or 
 succession of a Chief or Noble, to present him with a k/ii/af, and receive 
 from him a ?iazar in return. " Khilat " literally means " a Dress of 
 Honour." It usually consists of pieces of cloth not made up ; but some- 
 times it consists of arms, jewels, or other valuables, without any article of 
 attire, although in most cases a turban and shawl form part of the gift. 
 Indeed, a complete khilat may include arms, or a horse, or an elephant, or 
 all of these together. The nazar (sometimes spelt nuzzur) must be of 
 corresponding value to the khilat. 
 
 In the case of a Maharaja Bahadur, or other noble of that rank, the 
 khilat and sanad are presented, in full Darbdr, by the Governor, Lieutenant- 
 Governor, or other Chief Civil Officer of the Province ; or if they are unable 
 to be present, by the Commissioner of the Division at the sudder-station (or 
 capital). 
 
 To the Darbar are invited all the civil and military officers available, also 
 all the Indian notables and gentry of the neighbourhood. 
 
 The chair of the Presiding Officer is placed in the middle, and that of 
 the nobleman to be installed on his right. The brother, son, and any of the 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 relatives of the nobleman who may be present, occupy places, according to 
 their station, in the right-hand line. 
 
 The chairs for all the public functionaries are placed, according to their 
 rank, on the left hand of the Presiding Officer's chair. 
 
 The local notables and gentry occupy chairs, also according to their rank, 
 on the right hand of the Presiding Officer. 
 
 A company of soldiers is drawn up in front of the stairs, as a Guard of 
 Honour. 
 
 On the arrival of the noble near the stairs, the Sarishtadar or Munshi of 
 the Presiding Officer leads him to the audience. All functionaries, out of 
 respect to him, rise from their chairs on the Chiefs reaching the Presiding 
 Officer ; who then asks him to take his seat. All functionaries and Darbaris 
 must have assembled and taken their seats before the Chiefs arrival. 
 
 After a short conversation, the Presiding Officer orders his Munshi to 
 take the Chief to an adjoining room, prepared previously for the purpose, 
 where he is robed with the different parchas of the khilat except the pearl 
 necklace. After this, he is again brought into the Darbar room, and stands 
 in front of the Presiding Officer. The latter, rising from his seat with all 
 the functionaries present, then ties the pearl necklace round the neck of the 
 Chief 
 
 The Presiding Officer then orders the Munshi to read out the sanad. 
 During the reading of the sanad the Presiding Officer and the functionaries 
 resume their seats, while the Chief and the local notables and gentry 
 rise. 
 
 The Chief presents the usual nazardna of gold mohurs, and then all 
 resume their seats. 
 
 After a short pause, the Presiding Officer orders atr and pdn to be 
 brought ; and standing up, ser\-es out the same, first to the newly-installed 
 Chief, and then to all the Indian notables and gentry present — the Munshi 
 bringing up each one in turn to receive the air and pdn. 
 
 They all then take their leave, and the ceremony is at an end. 
 
 The ceremony of the Installation of a Raja Bahadur, or titled personage 
 of lower rank than a Mahdrdjd Bahddur, is very similar to the one described 
 above. Hut the Guard of Honour is not so large, and it is not necessary 
 that the Chief Civil Officer of the Province should be present. Also, the 
 sarpcch, pearl necklace, or whatever may compose the khilat, is handed by 
 the Commissioner to the Collector or Assistant Collector of the district in 
 which the Chiefs estates are situated, and he requests him to invest the 
 Chief with it. 
 
 A ceremonial similar to those described above is observed when a 
 Knight Grand Commander, or a Knight Commander, or a Companion of 
 the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, or of the Most Eminent Order 
 of the Indian Empire, is invested with the insignia of the Order by the 
 representative of the Empress. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 II. — List of Indian Titles, with a Glossary of their 
 Meanings where known. 
 
 Titles. 
 
 Achchhan 
 
 Ahmudan gaung Tazeik-ya Min (A.T.M. 
 
 after name) 
 Ahsan Jang ..... 
 Ajdhat Sar Deshmukh 
 
 Alijdh (Sindhia) . . . . 
 
 Amin-ud-dauli (Tonk) 
 
 Amir ...... 
 
 Amir-ud-dauLi Sayyid-ul-Mulk Mumtdz 
 
 Jang 
 Amir-ul-Umara . 
 Arbdb 
 Asaf Jdh (Nizdm) 
 
 Azam 
 
 Azam-ul-Umara (Baoni) 
 Azim-ul-lktidir (Sindhia) 
 Bahadur . 
 
 Bahidur Desai . 
 Bahddur Jang (Bhartpur) 
 Bardr Bans (Faridkot) 
 
 Barir Bans Sirmur (Ndbha) 
 
 Begam (Bhop^l. See Nawib Begam) 
 
 Beglar Begi (Kalit) . . . . 
 
 Bhup (Kuch Behar) .... 
 
 Bohmong (Chief of the Regritsa 
 
 Maghs) 
 Brajendra (Bhartpur) 
 Chaube ...... 
 
 Chaudhri ...... 
 
 Chhatrapati Mahdrdj (Kolhapur) 
 
 Divar . 
 Deshmukh 
 
 Meaning. 
 
 Achchhan {Malaya/am, a father, used 
 also as a title of respect, and in 
 Malabar applied especially to the 
 males of the Royal family who have 
 no office or official rank in the State 
 (Glos. of Indian Terms). 
 
 Recipient of a medal for good service 
 (Burmese). 
 
 Excellent in war. 
 
 {Ajdhat, Persian Wajdhai), a title of 
 honour to a Vicegerent or represent- 
 ative, as one exhibiting the presence 
 of a fully authorised deputy (Mar. 
 Diet.) 
 
 Of exalted dignity. 
 
 Trustee of the State. 
 
 Prince, chief. 
 
 A prince of the State, distinguished in 
 war. 
 
 Chief of the nobles. 
 
 Lord. 
 
 An Asaf (Solomon's Wazir, according 
 to the Muhammadans) in dignity. 
 
 Very great. 
 
 The greatest of the nobles. 
 
 Most powerful. 
 
 Brave ; a hero ; at the end of a name a 
 title = the English "Honourable." 
 
 Desdi (Mar.), ruler of a province. 
 
 Brave in war. 
 
 Offspring of a Bardr (a Jat tribe. The 
 Rdji of Faridkot is head of the 
 tribe — Griffin"). 
 
 Sir7nur, a crowned head. 
 
 Lady ; queen ; title of Mughal ladies. 
 
 Lord of lords. The Governor of 
 Shiraz holds this title in Persia. 
 
 Sovereign, king. 
 
 (Arakanese) Head leader. 
 
 Lord of Braj, an epithet of Krishna. 
 
 A caste distinction. 
 
 Head man of a village ; an honorific 
 
 form of address. 
 Lord of the umbrella. A king entitled 
 
 to have an umbrella carried over 
 
 him as a mark of dignity. 
 A just prince, a sovereign. 
 An hereditary native officer under the 
 
 former Governments (Marathi). 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Titles. 
 Diler Jang (Dholpur) 
 Dinkar Rao 
 
 Diwdn ...... 
 
 Diwdn Bahddur .... 
 
 Farzand-i-Arjumand Akidat Paiwand 
 
 Daulat-i-Inglishia (Ndbha) 
 Farzand-i-Dilband Kashikhul-Iti-kdd 
 
 Daulat-i-Inglishia (Jind and Kapur- 
 
 thala) 
 Farzand-i-Dilpazir-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia 
 
 (Rdmpur) 
 Farzand - i-Kh<-is- i-Daulat-i-Inglishia 
 
 (Baroda, Patidla) 
 Farzand - i - .Sa.-idat - i - N ishdn - i-Hazrat-i- 
 
 Kaisar-i-Hind (Faridkot) 
 
 Fath Jang (Nizam) .... 
 
 Fid\vi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Muaz-zama-i- 
 
 Rafi-ud-Darjd-i-lnglistdn (Sindhia) 
 
 Gambhir Rao ..... 
 
 Ghorpade. 
 
 Girad ...... 
 
 Hdfiz-ul-Mulk (Bahdwalpur) 
 
 Heladi Naik Bah.idur Desai Nadu- 
 
 gauda. 
 Hinimat Bah.-ldur 
 His;im-us-Saltanat (Sindhia) 
 Hizabr Jang 
 
 Ihtish;'im-ud-daul.1 (Jaora) . 
 Ihtish;'un-ul-i\Iulk 
 Imdd-ud-daul.l (Baoni) 
 Indar (Kashmir) 
 Jai Deo (Dholpur) . 
 Jaldl-ud-dauld (Dujana) 
 Jdm .... 
 
 Jamaddr .... 
 
 Khdn .... 
 
 Kh.-ln Bahddur . 
 Kh.-in Salieb. 
 Khdnzdda 
 
 Kiritapati (Travancore) 
 
 Kulashckhdra (Travancore) 
 
 Kunidr or Kunwdr 
 
 Kyet Thaye zaung shwe Salwe ya Min 
 
 (K.S.M. after name) 
 Lokendra (Dholpur, Datlia) 
 Mahant ..... 
 Mahdrdj Kumdr 
 
 Mahdrdj Rdn.'i (Dholpur, Jhalawar) 
 Mahdrdj d .... 
 
 Meaning. 
 Intrepid in war. 
 Dinkar (Sanskrit), Day-maker, the sun. 
 
 See Rao. 
 A minister, a chief officer of State. 
 See Diwdn and Bahddur. 
 Beloved and faithful son of the Enghsh 
 
 Government. 
 Beloved and trusty son of the English 
 
 Government. 
 
 Esteemed son of the English Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Favourite son of the English Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 A son emblematical of the good 
 auspices of Her Majesty the Empress 
 of India. 
 
 Victorious in battle. 
 
 A servant of Her August Majesty the 
 Queen of England, who is exalted 
 in position. 
 
 Sagacious chief 
 
 A .Somali title, apparently = a chief. 
 Guardian, preserver of the country. 
 
 Brave champion. 
 
 Sword of the State. 
 
 Lion of battle. 
 
 Pomp of the State. 
 
 Pomp of the country. 
 
 Pillar of the State. 
 
 India. 
 
 God of victory. 
 
 Glorj' of the State. 
 
 (Sindhi) Chief. 
 
 Chief or leader. 
 
 Lord, prince, title of Muhammadan 
 
 nobles. 
 Brave lord. 
 
 Son of a Khdn. Title of some Musal- 
 mdn chiefs settled in I'andu Mehvas. 
 
 Possessor of a diadem. 
 
 Head (Shekhara) of the race (Kulam). 
 
 Prince, son of a Rdjd. 
 
 Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour 
 (Burmese). 
 
 Protector of the world. 
 
 Head of a religious order. 
 
 Son of a Mahdrdjd. 
 
 Supreme Rdnd or king. 
 
 Great R.ijd or king. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 XXI 
 
 Titles. 
 
 UahirijA Bahddur. 
 
 Mahdrajei Dhirdj or Mahdrdj-Adhirdj 
 
 Mahdrdjd-i-Rdjagdn 
 
 Mahdrand 
 
 Mahardnd Dhirdj (Udaipur) 
 
 Mahdrfni 
 
 Mahdrao . 
 
 Mahdrao Bahddur (Kota). 
 
 Mahdrao Rdjd (Alwar and Bundi) 
 
 Mahdrdwal 
 
 Mahdrawal Bahddur. 
 
 Mahdrdwat (Partdbgarh) 
 
 Mahendra 
 
 Majid-ud-dauld 
 
 Malanmat Maddr. 
 
 Maldz-ul-Ulama-ul-Fdzila 
 
 Malik 
 
 Mdhvandar (Ndbha) . 
 
 Mani Sultdn (Travancore) 
 
 Mansur-i-Zamdn (Sindhia, Patidla) 
 Midn ■ 
 
 Mihin Sarddr (Baoni) 
 
 Mir 
 
 Mirza ..... 
 
 Mirza Bahddur. 
 Mong Rdjd 
 Muazzaz-ud-dauld 
 Mudabbir-ul-Mulk 
 Muhtashim-i-Daurdn (Sindhia) 
 Mujdhid-ul-Mulk 
 Mukhlis-ud-dauld (Bahdwalpur) 
 Mukhtdr-ul-Mulk (Sindhia) 
 Mulk .... 
 
 Mumtdz-ud-dauld 
 Mumtdz-uI-Mulk 
 Mushir-i-Khds . 
 Mushir-ud-dauld 
 Mustakil Jang (Dujana) 
 Mustakim Jang 
 Mutahk .... 
 Muzaffar-ul-MamdIik (Nizdm) 
 Naik .... 
 Nasrat Jang (Bahdwalpur) . 
 Nawdb .... 
 Nawdb Bdbi (Balasinor) 
 
 Meaning. 
 
 Lord Paramount king of kings. 
 
 King of kings. 
 
 Great Rdnd or king. 
 
 Lord Paramount, king of kings. 
 
 Great Rdni or queen. 
 
 Great Rao or chief. 
 
 Supreme Rdjd or king. 
 Great Rdwal or prince. 
 
 Great Rdwat or prince. 
 Great Indra. 
 Glorious in the State. 
 
 Asylum of the learned and erudite. 
 
 Master, proprietor. 
 
 Lord of wealth. 
 
 The Sultdn par excellence. Mani — a 
 
 jewel, a pearl. 
 Victorious of the age. 
 Lord, Master, title of sons of Rdjput 
 
 princes. 
 Mihin, greater, greatest, elder-bom. 
 Chief, leader. 
 A contraction of Amir Zdda, " nobly 
 
 born." When affixed to a name, it 
 
 signifies " Princ.e " ; when prefi.xed, 
 
 simply " Mr." 
 
 Mong (Arakanese), a leader. 
 
 Honoured of the State. 
 
 Administrator or Ministerof the country. 
 
 (The most) powerful of his age. 
 
 Warrior (for the faith) of the country. 
 
 Devoted servant of the State. 
 
 Ruler of the country. 
 
 Probably a misprint or corruption of 
 
 Malik, a king. 
 Distinguished in the State. 
 Distinguished in the country. 
 Privy counsellor, choicest counsellor. 
 Counsellor of the State. 
 Firm in battle. 
 Loyal in battle. 
 Mutlak, principal, supreme. 
 Victorious over kingdoms. 
 Nayak, leader, chief. 
 Victorious in battle. 
 Vicegerent. 
 Bdbi, door-keeper. The founder of 
 
 the family once held this post in the 
 
 Mughal Court, and hence the title is 
 
 given to his descendants. 
 
xxu 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Titles. 
 Nawdb Bahddur. 
 Nawdb Begam (Bhopdl). 
 Nizdm-ud-dauld (Nizdm) . 
 Nizdm-ul-Mulk (Nizdm) . 
 Nono (Spiti) 
 
 Padmandbha Dasa (Travancore) 
 Pddwi .... 
 
 Pancha-Hdzdr Mansabddr . 
 
 Pant Pratinidhi 
 
 Pant Sachiv 
 Patang Rao 
 Prince (Arcot). 
 Rafi-ush-Shdn (Sindhia) 
 
 Rai 
 
 Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Rai Rdydn (Banswara) 
 
 Rai Sdheb. 
 
 Rais-ud-dauld (Dholpur) 
 
 Rdj Rdjcndra (Jaipur) 
 
 Rdj Rajeshwar (Holkar), etc. 
 
 Rdj Saheb 
 
 Rdjd 
 
 Rdjd Bahddur. 
 
 Rdjd Dhirdj 
 
 Rdjd-i-Rdjagdn . 
 
 Rdjeshwar. 
 
 Rdnd 
 
 Rdni .... 
 Rao .... 
 
 Rao Bahddur. 
 Rao Saheb. 
 
 Rashid-ul-Mulk (Baoni) 
 Rdwal .... 
 Rdwat .... 
 Rukn-ud-dauld (Bahdwalpur) 
 Rustain-i-Daurdn (Nizdm) . 
 
 Rustam Jang . 
 
 Saheb-ijdh (Baoni) . 
 
 Saif-ud-dauld 
 
 Sar Dcsdi 
 
 Sdrdmad - i - Rdjahd - i - Bundclkhand 
 
 (Orchha) 
 Sdrdmad - i - Rdjahd - i - Hindustdn 
 
 (Jaipur) 
 Sarddr ...... 
 
 Sarddr Bahddur. 
 
 Meaning. 
 
 Regulator of the State. 
 Administrator of the countrj'. 
 (Tibetan) Young nobleman. 
 Servant of Vishnu (the lotus-navelled). 
 Or Pdrvi, clan title borne after their 
 
 names by certain Mehvas Chiefs 
 
 (Bombay Gii^etteer). 
 Noble holding a mansab or militarj- 
 
 rank of 5000 horse. 
 Pratinidhi^ a vicegerent ; title borne by 
 
 a distinguished Maratha family. 
 Sachiv, Minister, counsellor. 
 From Patang, the sun, and Rao, prince. 
 
 Of exalted dignity. 
 
 (Prakrit Rai = Rdjd) Prince, chief. 
 
 Rai of Rais, prince of princes. 
 
 Ruler of the State. 
 
 Lord of kings, king of kings. 
 
 Rajeshwar, king of kings. 
 
 Rdj = Rdjd. 
 
 King, prince. 
 
 Paramount Rdjd, king of kings. 
 Rdjd of Rdjds. 
 
 From Rdjan ( = Rdjd) + Ka (expressing 
 
 diminutiveness). 
 Title of a prince or Rdjd, especially 
 
 among Rajputs. 
 Queen, princess. 
 King, prince, chief. 
 
 Director of the country. 
 Prince, chief 
 
 Do. 
 Pillar of the State. 
 The Rustam (the most renowned of 
 
 I'ersian heroes) of his time. 
 A Rustam in battle. 
 Possessed of dignity. 
 Sword of the State. 
 Chief Desdi or ruler of a province. 
 Head of the Rdjds of Bundelkhand. 
 
 Head of the Rdjds of Hindustaa 
 
 Chief officer of rank. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 Titles. 
 Saulat Jang (Tonk) . 
 Sawii 
 
 Sawdi Bahddur (Kutch). 
 
 Sawdi Rao. 
 
 Send Khas Khel (Gaekwdr) 
 
 Send Pati 
 
 SMhzdda. 
 
 Shaikh .... 
 
 Shaikh-ul-Mushaikh . 
 
 Shamsher Bahddur (Baroda) 
 
 Shamsher Jang (Travancore) 
 
 Shams-ud-dauld 
 
 Shiromani (Bikanir) . 
 
 Shrimdn Maha Naik Nadgauda 
 
 Nagnuriebirada Himori. 
 Shujd-at Jang . 
 Sipahddr-ul-Mulk (Dholpur) 
 Sipar-i-Sahanat (Kashmir) . 
 Srindth (Sindhia) 
 Sultdn .... 
 Thdkur .... 
 Thakur Rawat. 
 Thakur Saheb. 
 Thakur Send Rai. 
 Thakurdni 
 Thuye-gaung Ngweda ya Min (T.D.M, 
 
 after name) 
 Umdat-ul-Mulk 
 Umdat-ul-Umara (Sindhia) 
 \'anji (Travancore) . 
 \'ishwdsrao 
 Wachandth 
 
 Wdid Shikoh (Sindhia) 
 Wah (Kaldt) . 
 Walvi 
 
 Wasava . 
 
 VVazir-ud-dauId . 
 Wazir-ul-Mulk (Tonk) 
 Zamorin . 
 
 Meaning. 
 Fury of war. 
 Literally, having the excess of a fourth ; 
 
 i.e. better than others by 25 per cent. 
 
 A Hindu title. 
 
 Chief of the army, commander of the 
 
 army of the State. 
 Army-Chief, General. 
 Prince-Royal, prince. 
 Chief. 
 
 Doctor of doctors (of law). 
 A mighty man of the sword. 
 The sword of war. 
 The sun of the State. 
 The gem, the best (of). 
 
 Brave in war. 
 
 Commander of the army of the country. 
 
 Shield of the Empire. 
 
 Lord of Fortune. 
 
 Prince, ruler. 
 
 Chief, feudal noble. 
 
 Female Thakur. 
 
 Recipient of the Silver Sword for 
 
 Bravery (Burmese). 
 Chosen of the State. 
 Chosen from among the nobles. 
 Dynastic name. 
 
 From Vishwds, trust, and Rao, prince. 
 Vachan-nd/k, Lord of Speech. 
 Of high dignity. 
 Prince, governor. 
 Or Valvi. Clan title borne after their 
 
 names by certain Mehvas Chiefs 
 
 (^Bombay Gazetteer). 
 Or Vasava Do. 
 Minister of the State. 
 
 Do. 
 Vernacular modification of Saniundri, 
 
 the sea king (Malayalam). 
 
NOTICE 
 
 This Edition of Tlie Golden Book of India is up to date. It con- 
 tains the Honours conferred in January 1893 — including fifty-four 
 new Titles, and nine appointments to, or promotions in, the Orders of 
 the Star of India and the Indian Empire, gazetted in Calcutta on 2nd 
 Januar>' 1893. 
 
 Communications relating to the Second Edition should be ad- 
 dressed to 
 
 Sir roper LETHBRIDGE, K.C.I.E., 
 
 c/o Messrs. Macmillan cSc Co., 
 29 Bedford Street, 
 
 CovENT Garden, 
 
 LONDON, W.C, 
 
 January list, 1S93. 
 
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 ABAJI BALWANT BHISE, ^^a^ Ba/uidur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on nth September 1884. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 ABBAS ALI zvalad MUHAMMAD KHAN, Afir. 
 
 The title is hereditar}'. The Mir is a descendant of one of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Sind. 
 
 ABBAS KHAN, MIRZA, CLE. 
 
 The Mirza was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the 
 Indian Empire, ist January 1882. 
 
 Residence. — 
 
 ABDUL ALI, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The Khan Bahadur was born in 1863, and is a descendant of the old 
 Nawabs of the Carnatic, being the son of Muazzaz-ud-dauld, and grandson 
 of His late Highness Azim Jah, first titular Prince of Arcot. He was granted 
 the personal title of Khan Bahadur in 1876. 
 
 Residence. — M adras. 
 
 ABDUL ALI, MIR, Khan Bahadur, and Sarddr. 
 
 The titles are personal, and were conferred, the first on 22nd January 
 1873, and the second on 31st May 1891. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 ABDUL FATBH, MAULAVI, SAYYID, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1887. 
 Residence. — Ndsik, Bombay. 
 
 ABDUL FIROZ KHAN (of SAvanur), Nawdb. 
 
 The Nawab is the uncle of the ruling Nawab of Savanur in the Dharwar 
 district. 
 
 Residence. — Dharwar, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 ■ ■ ABDUL FIROZ KHAN, Khan Saheb. 
 
 The: fitlg' :is persona!, and was conferred on i6th Februarj- 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Bhusdwal, Bombay. 
 
 ABDUL GHANI, KHWAJA SIR, 'K.C.Q.I., Nawdb {0/ Dacca). 
 
 Born about the year 1813. The title is hereditary, and was conferred 
 on I St January 1877. The Nawab, who is famous throughout Bengal for 
 his great wealth, liberality, and public spirit, is descended from the Bonda 
 family, of Kashmiri origin. The Maulavi Abdullah, who was the son of 
 the Maulavi Abdul Kadir, and was born in Kashmir, came to Bengal in the 
 reign of the Emperor Mahmud Shah, and established himself in Sylhet. 
 His grandson was the Khwaja Alimullah, who was the father of the subject 
 of this notice. The Nawab Abdul Ghani first distinguished himself for his 
 loyalty during the Mutinies of 1857, assisting the Government with infor- 
 mation, advice, and funds. Placed his steamer. The Star of Dacca, at the 
 disposal of Government during the famine of 1874, and after the cyclone of 
 October 1876, for relief work. Has contributed largely to works of public 
 utility, and on all occasions of distress. He has been a great benefactor to 
 the city of Dacca, where he has supplied many public buildings, and main- 
 tains a Free School, a Madrasa for Muhammadan students, an almshouse, 
 etc. He was created C.S.I, in 1871 ; Nawab (personal) in 1S75; hereditary 
 Nawdb on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty 
 as Empress, ist January 1877; K. C.S.I. , 18S6. His son is the Hon. 
 Nawdb Ahsanulla {q.v.), born 1846. 
 
 Residence. — Dacca, Bengal. 
 
 ABDUL GHAI^I. MAULAVI, Khdn BaJiddur. 
 
 An Extra Assistant Commissioner of the Punjab. Created a Khdn 
 Bahddur, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893. 
 
 Residence. — Punjab. 
 
 ABDUL HAKIM, MUNSHI, Khdn Saheb. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893, for 
 eminent services at Gilgit. 
 
 Residence. — Gilgit, Kashmir. 
 
 ABDUL HAKK, SAYYID, C.I.E., Sirddr Diler Jang Bahddur. 
 
 The Sarddr, who is a descendant of the Karnal family, was in early life 
 in the British service, and obtained the Companionship of the Indian 
 Empire for distinguished service in the Police. He was lent by the British 
 Government to the Government of His Highness the Nizdm, attained very 
 high office in the latter service, and was rewarded by the titles of Sarddr 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Dikr Jang Bahadur, and subsequently of Sarddr Diler-ud-dauld Bahddur ; 
 and the former of these titles was recognised by the British Government as 
 a personal distinction. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad and Bombay. 
 
 ABDUL HAKK, M AULA VI, Shams-td-Ulama. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. It 
 entitles the Maulavi to take rank in Darbar immediately after titular Nawabs. 
 
 Residence. — Ca\vnpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 ABDUL HAKK, MAULAVI (of Khairabad), Shams-ul-Vlama. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 18S7, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. It 
 entitles the Maulavi to take rank in Darbar immediately after titular Nawabs. 
 
 Residence. — Sitapur, Oudh. 
 
 ABDUL HUSAIN KHAN, MIR (of Tando Mir), His Highness. 
 
 Born 13th May 1850. The title is personal, and was conferred in recog- 
 nition of his position as grandson of the Amir, who was the ruler of Sind at 
 the time of the annexation. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 ABDUL ISLAM BIN ADAM, Khan Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist May 1880. 
 Residence. — Ndsik, Bombay. 
 
 ABDUL JABBAR, MAULAVI, Khan Bahddur. 
 
 The Khan Bahddur is a Deputy Magistrate of the 24-Parganas at 
 Calcutta, and having rendered excellent service in that capacity, received 
 the title as a personal distinction on 25th May 1S92. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 ABDUL KADIR, SAYYID, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 As the term Sayyid implies, this gentleman claims to be descended from 
 the Prophet. He is a descendant of the old Nawabs of the Carnatic ; and 
 his title of Khan Bahadur was recognised by the Government in December 
 1890. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 ABDUL KADIR, HAFIZ, Khdn. 
 
 The Khan is sometimes styled ^^^ajih-ulla-Khan-i-Hal ; his title, which is 
 personal, was conferred by the Carnatic Nawab, but was recognised by 
 Government in 1890. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 ABDUL KADIR KHAN walad ALI GAUHAR KHAN, MIR. 
 
 The title is hereditar>', the Mir being a representative of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 ABDUL KARIM, SHAIKH HAFIZ, C.I.E., A'kdn Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1838. The title was conferred on 24th May 1884, for services 
 rendered by his ancestors, and for his own acts of public generosity. His 
 father was present at the battles of Bharatpur, Kanion, and Shekhawati in 
 the first Kabul campaign ; and his brother was rewarded by a khilat for his 
 services in the first and second Punjab campaigns. The Khan Bahadur is a 
 large landed proprietor in the district of Mecrut, North-Western Provinces ; 
 and has been created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the 
 Indian Empire, 21st May 1890. 
 
 Residence. — Meerut, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 ABDUL LATIF, C.I.E., Nawdb Bahddur. 
 
 The Nawdb Bahddur was born in March 1828. He traces his descent 
 from the celebrated Generalissimo of Islam, Khalid Ibn Walid, entitled the 
 "Sword of God," who died in the twenty-first year of the Hijrah. Shah 
 Ain-ud-din of Baghdad was the first member of the family to settle in India. 
 His descendant, Kazi Abdur Rasul, was made Kazi by the Emperor of 
 Delhi, and sent to Faridpur in Bengal, where the family settled. A 
 descendant, Kazi Fakir Muhammad, was a leading pleader of the Sadar 
 Diivdni and Nizdmat Addlat at Calcutta ; and was a great oriental scholar, 
 being the author of several works, of which the chief was the Persian Jdmi- 
 ut-Tawdrikh or " Universal History." He was the father of the subject of the 
 present notice ; who entered the Government service in 1 846, and after 
 some service in the Educational Department in the Dacca College and the 
 Calcutta Madrasa, became a Deputy Magistrate of the 24-Parganas in 
 1849. Was appointed J-P- for Bengal, Bchar, and Orissa, 1852. Acted for 
 a short time as Police Magistrate of Calcutta, and has ser\'ed three times as 
 a Member of the Bengal Legislative Council. Has been a Member of the 
 Board of Examiners since i860; has also been Member of the Central 
 Examination Committee. One of the Income-Tax Commissioners for 
 Calcutta, 1861-65. Fellow of the Calcutta University, 1863. In 1867 
 received from Government a gold medal, and a set of the new edition of the 
 Encyclopitdia Britannica, with an autograph inscription by the Viceroy : " In 
 recognition of his services in promoting native education, especially the 
 education of those who like himself belong to the Muhammadan religion." 
 In 1869 appointed one of the Commissioners to enquire into the state of 
 the Calcutta and Hughli Madrasas, and received the thanks of Government 
 for this work. Is a J. P. and Municipal Commissioner for Calcutta, and also 
 for the suburbs ; Member of the Board of Management of the Reformator)', 
 and of the District School Committee, 24-Pargan;is. Founder and Secretary 
 of the Muhammadan Literarj' Society of Calcutta, established April 1863; 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Hon. Secretary, Bengal Social Science Association ; Member of the 
 Philological Committee of the Asiatic Society of Bengal ; a Trustee of the 
 Indian Association for Cultivation of Science ; Member of Committee of 
 Albert Hall, also of the District Charitable Society. Received the 
 Companionship of the Order of the Indian Empire, ist January 1883. ^^^s 
 created a Nawab Bahadur in consideration of his eminent position and dis- 
 tinguished public services on the occasion of the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty's reign, 1887. He has two sons — Abul Fazl Muhammad Abdur- 
 rahman, Esquire, Barrister-at-law of the High Court, Calcutta ; Abul Khair 
 Muhammad Abdus-Subhan, Khan Bahadur {q.v.) 
 Residence. — 16 ToltoUah Lane, Calcutta. 
 
 ABDUL LATIF AGHA JOHAR, Kfuhi Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal ; was conferred by the Carnatic Nawab, and 
 recognised by Government i6th December 1890. The Khan Bahadur also 
 bears the Carnatic titles of Asad Jang Said-ud-daula. 
 
 Residence. — Arabia. 
 
 ABDUL LATIP LONDE, KAZI, Shams-ul-Ulama. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 1888, for 
 eminent oriental scholarship. It entitles the Kazi to rank in Darbar immedi- 
 ately after titular Nawabs. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 ABDUL MAHMUD KHAN, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Has done good service in the Medical Department, Bengal ; and received 
 the title on ist January 1891, as a personal distinction. 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 ABDUL (ABDUR) RAHIM HAKIM, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 6th April 1882. 
 Residence. — Bushire. 
 
 ABDUL (ABDUR) RAHIM, SHAIKH, Khan Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890, for good 
 service in the Medical Department. 
 Residence. — Bengal. 
 
 ABDUL (ABDUR) RAHIM KHAN, Khdn Bahadur. 
 The tide is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877. 
 Residence. — Bannu, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 ABDUL (ABDUR) RAHMAN, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The Khan Bahadur is a Deputy ComniissionLT in the district of Shimoga, 
 Mysore, under the government of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore, and 
 received the title as a personal distinction on 25th May 1892. 
 
 Residence. — Shimoga, Mysore. 
 
 ABDUL (ABDUR) RAUF, MAULAVI, Shams-ul-Ulama. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th ^[ay 1890, for distinc- 
 tion in oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in Darbar immediately 
 after titular Nawabs. 
 
 Residence. — Patna, Bengal. 
 
 ABDUL (ABDUR) RAZZAK, Khan Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 1888, for dis- 
 tinguished medical service. 
 Residence. — J eddah. 
 
 ABDUL (ABDUS) SAMAD, Khan Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887. 
 Residence. — Indore, Central India. 
 
 ABDUL VASA, Khan Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1843 ; a member of the Carnatic family, being the son-in-law of 
 His late Highness Zahir-ud-daula, the second of the titular Princes of Arcot; 
 was granted the personal title of Khan Bahddur in 1875. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 ABDUL WAHAB, MAULAVI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887. The 
 Maulavi's ancestors are said to have come from Kandahar in the loth 
 century, and to have settled at Delhi. The family afterwards removed to 
 Echoli in the Meerut district ; and one of his ancestors having been killed by 
 Ragbars in the i 7th century, his heirs were granted the village of Echoli by 
 firman of the Emperor of Delhi. In course of time this grant passed into 
 the hands of the Rdni of Landhaura. Abdul U'ahab has rendered very 
 distinguished service in the Police Department, and has been publicly com- 
 mended and rewarded on many occasions. He is District Superintendent of 
 Police at Ballia. 
 
 Residence. — Meerut, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 ABDUL WAHAB, HAJI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 This gentleman (who, as the title of Hdji implies, has performed the 
 Hdj or Pilgrimage to Mecca) is connected with the Carnatic family ; and 
 his title, conferred by the Carnatic Nawdb, was recognised by Government 
 as a personal one in 1890. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 i 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 ABDULLA 7oa/ad GHULAM MURTAZA KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Chiefs 
 of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 ABDULLA KHAN, Nawdb. 
 
 The title is hereditar)', and the Nawab Abdulla Khan was specially 
 selected to succeed to it in August i8Si. The title had been recognised 
 30th July 1875. 
 
 Residence. — Dera Ismail Khdn, Punjab. 
 
 ABDULLA KHAN, Khdn Saheb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Sibi, Baluchistan. 
 
 ABDULLA KHAN, Khdn Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 1888. 
 Residence. — Ajmir, Rdjputdna. 
 
 ABDUS SUBHAN, Klidn Bahadur. 
 
 Born in 1849 ; has been granted the personal title of Khan Bahadur for 
 good service under the Police Department of Madras. 
 Residence. — Madura, Madras Presidency. 
 
 ABDUS SUBHAN, SAYYID, CHAUDHRI, Nazvdb. 
 Granted the title of Nawab, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893. 
 Residence. — Bogra, Bengal. 
 
 ABHAI CHANDRA DAS, Rat Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 23rd May 1888, for good 
 service as Deputy Magistrate and Deputy Collector of the 24-Parganas. 
 Residence. — 10 Shama Charan Dey's Street, Calcutta. 
 
 ABHAI CHARAN MITTBR, Rat Bahadur. 
 
 Abhai Charan Mitter is a descendant of the Mitter family of Charimandel 
 in Vikrampur, Dacca, originally imported from Rarh and stated to have been 
 located in Charimandel by Chand Rai and Kedar Rai, the ruling Kayastha 
 Sabas of Vikrampur. He is ninth in descent from Devaki Nandan Mitter, 
 who first migrated to Charimandel. Born on the 12th May 1839. His 
 father's name was Ram Kinker Mitter. He did meritorious service in the 
 first Lushai Expedition, both as an explorer and as a contractor for 
 transport ; and was kept for some time as a hostage by the Lushais. His 
 services were equally valuable to Government in the last Chin -Lushai 
 Expedition, when he supplied boats, coolies, and other means of transport, 
 notwithstanding the difficulties caused by a severe outbreak of cholera. Was 
 rewarded with the title on ist January 1891. 
 
 Residence. — Chittagong Hill Tracts. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 ABID ALI BAHADUR, KAMR KADR MIRZA, Prince. 
 
 This is the courtesy title of the eldest son of the late King of Oudh. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 ABINAS CHANDRA BANERJI, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1 846. Son of Babu Navin Chandra Banerji, of Bali, in the district of 
 Howrah, Bengal. Educated in the Free Church Institution, Calcutta ; entered 
 the service of His Highness the Mahdrajd of Patiala, 1866; appointed 
 Director of Public Instruction, 1869; A.D.C. and Private Secretary to His 
 Highness, 1875 ; worked for the organisation of the Bali Sadharani Sabha, a 
 Public Association recognised by the Government, and made Secretary thereof, 
 18S2. In 1883 was elected Vice-Chairman of the Bali Municipality. In 
 1887, on the occasion of Her Majesty's Jubilee, received the title of Rai 
 Bahadur for good service ; elected Chairman of the Bali Municipality in 
 1890. Is an Honorary Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Bali, Howrah, Bengal. 
 
 ABU SAID, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 A member of the Carnatic family, and styled Zahir-ud-din Khan Baha- 
 dur. The title was conferred by the Nawdb of the Carnatic, and was recog- 
 nised as a personal one by Government in 1890. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 ABU TURAB FARRUKH MIRZA BAHADUR, Frince. 
 This is the courtesy title of the fifteenth son of the late King of Oudh. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 ABUBAKR, BEARI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Granted the title of Khan Bahadur, as a personal distinction, ;nd 
 January 1893. 
 
 Residence. — Mangalore, Madras. 
 
 ABUL ALI DARAGAH MIRZA BAHADUR, Prince. 
 This is the courtesy title of the twentieth son of the late King of Oudh. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 ABUL HASAN, MAULAVI, Shams-ul-Ulama. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 16th February 1887, for 
 eminence as an oriental scholar. It entitles him to take rank in Darbar im- 
 mediately after titular Nawabs. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 ABUL KHAIR MUHAMMAD ABDUS SUBHAN, MAULAVI, 
 
 Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Son of Nawdb Abdul Latif Khdn Bahadur, CLE., of Calcutta. 
 Born 27th September 1857. Traces his descent from the celebrated 
 Generalissimo of Islam, Khalid Ibn Walid, entitled the "Sword of God," who 
 died in the twenty-first year of the Ilijriih. Shdh Ain-ud-din of Baghdad, a 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 most learned saint, came to India first. Kazi Abdur Rasul was made Kazi 
 by the Court of Delhi and sent to Bengal, and the family settled in the 
 Faridpur district. Kazi Fakir Muhammad, one of his descendants, was a 
 leading pleader of the Sadar Diwdni and Nizdmat Adalat at Calcutta, and 
 was a great oriental scholar, being the author of several works, chief among 
 which was an universal history in Persian, called the Jdmi-tit-Taivdrikh. 
 His son is the Nawab Abdul Latif Bahadur {q.v.), the father of the sub- 
 ject of the present notice. The Khan Bahadur was educated at the Cal- 
 cutta Madrasa and the Presidency College, Calcutta, where he was a 
 scholar, prizeman, and medallist. Received the title of " Khan Bahadur " 
 with his appointment as a Deputy Magistrate and Deputy Collector, on the 
 loth September 1884. Vested with first-class Magisterial powers, 1888; 
 appointed Secretary of the District Committee of Public Instruction at Arrah 
 (Shahabad), 1886; a Member and Vice-Chairman of the District Board, 
 Champarun, 1887; and a Municipal Commissioner of Patna, 1891. Married, 
 24th August 1889, Bibi Najmoon-Neesa Khanum, fourth daughter of 
 Chowdhry Muhammad Rasheed Khan, Khan Bahadur of Nattore, district 
 Rajshahi. 
 
 Residence. — Gya, Bengal. 
 
 ACHAL SINGH (of Kaimahra), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 15th June 1880, and succeeded Raja Narpat Singh in 1886. The 
 title is hereditary. The Raja of Kaimahra represents the elder branch of the 
 Janwar family, the Raja of Oel representing the junior branch. They were 
 originally Chauhan Kshatriyas in the service of the Sayyids of Pihani, having 
 migrated from Rajputana in the i6th century. In the time of Sayyid 
 Khurd, in 1553, their ancestor Jamni Khan obtained the post of Chaudhri 
 of Kheri, with the right to levy a cess on all the lands in that Pargana. At 
 a later period, when Than Singh was head of the family, he lived at Oel, with 
 the title of Rai. Ajab Singh, who was the uncle and predecessor of the 
 grandfather of the present Raja, in 1837 was acknowledged as Raja by the 
 tribe, and the title was confirmed as hereditary in 1864. Sleeman states 
 that the Raja of Oel attempted to seize the estates of his kinsman, Jodha 
 Singh of Kaimahra, grandfather of the present Raja. The mother of the 
 latter is the Rani Ranikunwar. 
 
 Residence. — Kheri, Oudh. 
 
 ADARJI JAMSHBDJI, Khdn Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th October 1885. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 AFGHANISTAN, His Highness the Amir of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 His Highness Sir Abdur Rahman Khan, G.C.S.I., Amir of Afghanistan, 
 
 was born about the year 1843, and was placed on the throne by the British 
 
 authorities on the 22nd July 1880. He is a younger son of the late Amir 
 
 Sher Ali Khan, Amir of Kabul, and lived for some years as an exile, but was 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 brought back after the last Afghan war. The area of the State is about 
 270,000 square miles; its population about 4,901,000, chiefly Muham- 
 madans. His Highness is entitled to a salute of 21 guns; and maintains a 
 military force of 19,500 cavalry, 40,408 infantr)', and 210 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Kabul. 
 
 AGAR (REWA KANTHA), THAKUR GAMBHIR SINGH, 
 
 Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born about 1867; is a Muhammadan of Rajput descent. The area of 
 the State is about 9 square miles ; its population consists chiefly of Bhils. 
 Residence. — Agar, Rewd KAntha, Bombay. 
 
 AGRA BARKHERA (BHOPAL), BALWANT SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Thdkur Balwant Singh is a Rajput Chief (Hindu), born about the year 
 1827. He succeeded to the title, which is hereditar)-, on the 9th July 1859. 
 The population of the State, which is situated in the Bhopal Agency, Central 
 India, is about 4200, and consists chiefly of Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Agra Barkhcra, Bhop.1l, Central India. 
 
 AHMAD, MAULAVI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890 "for loyalty 
 and public spirit." 
 
 Residence. — 70 Toltollah Lane, Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 AHMAD ALI KHAN, Khdn Bahddur.^ 
 
 The Khan Bahadur has rendered good service on the Survey of India, 
 and received the title as a personal distinction on 25th May 1S92. 
 Residence. — Calcutt.x 
 
 AHMAD BAKHSH, SHAIKH, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1815. Son of Tir Bakhsh, who was in the ser\-ice of the Rdjd of 
 Ndgpur ; and whose ancestor, Malik Bal Lai, settled in the Fatehpur district 
 in the reign of Shahal)-ud-din Ghori. The Khdn Bahddur served in the 
 Bengal Light Cavalr)' from the year 1830; and took part in the campaign 
 against the Bhils in 1832, and in the .Afghan war in 1839. He went through 
 the Kabul campaigns, and joined in the pursuit of Dost Muhammad. For 
 his loyalty during the Mutiny he was rewarded with a khiiat, a jdgir (grant 
 of lands), and the title of Khdn Bahddur, which was conferred on him 
 January 1866. 
 
 Residence. — Fatehpur, North-VVestcm Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 AHMAD GURIKAL, MANJERI, Khdri Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1825 ; granted the personal title of Khan Bahadur for good service 
 in the Madras Police, from which he retired on pension in i8S3. 
 
 Residence. — Malabar, Madras Presidency. 
 
 AHMAD HASAN KHAN, Nawdb Bahadur. 
 
 Son of the Nawab Kalb Ali Khan, and a grandson of the late Saadat Ali 
 Khan, King of Oudh. The title is personal. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 AHMAD HUSAIN KHAN, Nawdb {of Fatehpiir). 
 
 Born 1826. The title is hereditarj'. The family originally came from 
 Teheran ; its founder, Sayyid Ikram-ud-din Ahmad, accompanied the 
 Emperor Humayun on his return from Persia, took service under the Delhi 
 emperors, and was appointed a mansahddr by the great Akbar. His great- 
 grandson, Muhammad Taki, was in office under the Emperor Alamgir, and 
 was succeeded by his son Shah Kuli Khan. The grandson of the latter, 
 Nawab Zain-ul-Abdin Khan, came to Oudh, was appointed chakladdr of 
 Sarkars Kora and Kara under the Oudh Government, and obtained extensive 
 jdgirs in the district of Fatehpur from the Nawab Asaf-ud-daula. He was 
 succeeded by his son, Nawab Bakar Ali Khan, who transferred his head- 
 quarters from Kora Jahanabad to Fatehpur. He was succeeded by his 
 brother, Nawab Sayyid Muhammad Khan, the father of the present Nawab. 
 The Nawab has two sons — Ali Husain Khan and Bakar Husain Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Bdkarganj, Fatehpur, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 AHMAD HUSAIN KHAN (of Paridwan), SHAIKH, 
 Khan Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1865 ; succeeded 1877. The title is hereditary, and was conferred 
 4th December 1877, on Dost Muhammad of Pariawan, on account of his 
 services in the Mutiny. The founder of the family is said to have been 
 Haji Abdul Rauf, who migrated from Mecca to Ghazni, accompanied 
 Shahab-ud-din Ghori when he invaded India, and obtained the estate of 
 Pariawan, consisting of eight villages, revenue free, for services rendered. 
 Revenue was, however, assessed in the time of Nawab Saadat Ali Khan. 
 Shaikh Gulam added to the estate by purchases, and was succeeded by his 
 son, Haji Shaikh Dost Muhammad (see above), who did good service in the 
 Mutiny, went on pilgrimage to Mecca, and died at Medina. Succeeded by 
 his son, the present Khan Bahadur, who is an Honorary Magistrate. He 
 has issue, two daughters. 
 
 Residence. — Paridwan, Partdbgarh, Oudh. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 AHMAD KHAN walad MUHAMMAD HUSAIN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, as being that of a descendant of the ancient Mirs 
 of Sind. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 APMAD KHAN, JAMADAB, Khdn Saheb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — nth Bengal Lancers, India. 
 
 AHMAD KHAN, SAYTID, CLE. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, ist January 1888. 
 Residence. — 
 
 AHMAD MUHI-UD-DIN, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Son of Ibruth Jang Bahadur, by a niece of the Hon. Sir Sharful Umra 
 Bahddur, K.C.S.L ; born 1835; married, 1864, to the second daughter of 
 His Highness Naw.ib Zahir-ud-daula, G. C.S.I. , second Prince of Arcot. 
 Created Khan Bahadur, 1S74. Claims close connection, on both father's and 
 mother's sides, with the Nawdbs Rulers of the Carnatic. Was present at the 
 Imperial Assemblage, Delhi, as a member of the Prince of Arcot's suite ; 
 Secretary to the Prince of Arcot, 1877 to 1883. Was delegated to the 
 Hyderabad Court, in 18S4, by the Muslim community, Madras, for present- 
 ing a congratulatory address to His Highness the Nizam, on his accession to 
 the masnad. A member of the Madras Muhammadan Library. Founder of 
 the Aujuman-i Islamiah of Madras ; which afterward was amalgamated with 
 the Madras Central Muhammadan Association, when he was elected as a 
 Vice-President of the latter. Vice-President of the Aujuman-i Himayat-i- 
 Islam, Madras. Founder of the Muslim Herald, the first Muhammadan- 
 English tri-weekly paper in India, which, though not now e.xisting, was 
 remarkable for its loyal spirit and moderate tone. 
 
 Residence. — Mylapur and Adyar, Madras. 
 
 AHMAD MUHI-UD-DIN, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The Khdn Bahddur is a meml>er of the Carnatic family, being a son-in- 
 law of His late Highness Zahir-ud-dauld, the second of the titular Princes of 
 Arcot. He was born in 1842, and was granted the personal title in 1875. 
 
 Residence. — M ad ras. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 13 
 
 AHMAD SHAH SAYYID (of Sardhana), Nawdb. 
 
 Born ist January 1835 ; succeeded in 18S2. The family are Muswi or 
 Mashadi Sayyids, descended from Hayat Ali Musa Raza, and originally 
 residing at Paghman near Kabul. On account of services rendered to 
 Alexander Barnes in his Kabul mission, and subsequently to the English in 
 their retreat from Kabul, they were expelled from Kabul and settled at 
 Sardhana. At the time of the Mutiny, the head of the family, Sayyid 
 Muhammad Jan Fishan, Khan Saheb, took the side of the Government at 
 once. When the Mutiny occurred at Meerut, he raised a body of horse, 
 consisting of his followers and dependents, and officered by himself and his 
 relatives ; accompanied General Wilson's force to the Hindan ; was present 
 in both actions, and thence to Delhi, where he remained with the head- 
 quarters camp till the city was taken, when his men were employed to keep 
 order in Delhi. For these eminent services the title of Nawab, with a suit- 
 able khilaf, was conferred on him. And each of his successors have received 
 the title of Nawab for life on succeeding to the estates. 
 
 Residence. — Sardhana, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 AHMAD-ULLA KHAN, Nawdb. 
 
 Born 1 6th December 1827. The title was conferred on 26th February 
 1885. The family claims descent from the Nawab Dadan Khan, a Governor 
 of the Punjab. One of its most illustrious ancestors was Nawab Muhammad 
 Khan, who, on account of his loyal services, received the title of Khairandesh 
 Khan from the Emperor Alamgir. The Nawab Ahmad-ulla Khan served 
 the British Government for twenty-eight years as a Patrol in the Customs 
 Department, and retired on pension in 1877 — having distinguished himself 
 for his fidelity during the Mutiny, when he was wounded and twice robbed 
 by the rebels. He is an Honorary Magistrate of the first class, and Vice- 
 President of the Meerut Municipal and District Boards ; in which capacity 
 he has been distinguished for his public spirit. 
 
 Residence. — Meerut, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 AHMAD-UN-NISA BEGAM SAHIBA, Nawdb. 
 
 Grand-daughter of His late Highness Azim-ud-daula, the first of the 
 titular Nawdbs of the Carnatic ; granted the personal title of Nawab, 1 8 1 5. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 AHMAD YAR KHAN, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 The Khan Bahadur has occupied an important position in the police of 
 the Quetta-Peshin frontier, and received the title as a personal distinction on 
 25th May 1892. 
 
 Residence. — Quetta, Baluchistan. 
 
 AHSANULLA, THE HON. KHWAJA, CLE., Nawdb. 
 
 Son and heir of the Nawab (of Dacca) Khwaja Sir Abdul Ghani, K.C.S.I., 
 to whose life reference may be made for particulars of the family. The 
 Nawab Ahsanulla, who was born in 1846, has long managed the large family 
 
14 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 property, and has followed in the footsteps of his father, both as a liberal 
 and enlightened landlord, and in his large public benefactions. His sons 
 are Khwaja Hafizulla Khan Bahadur and Khwaja Salimulla Khan Bahadur. 
 He is a member of the Legislative Council of Bengal, and belongs to many- 
 other public bodies. 
 
 Residence. — Dacca, Bengal. 
 
 AIYASWAMI SASTRIYAR, B., Rai Bahddur. 
 Born 1836; was granted the personal title in 1887, for good service in 
 the Madras Revenue Department. 
 
 Residence. — Kumbhakonam, Tanjore, Madras. 
 
 AJAIGARH, BUNDELKHAND, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA 
 SAWAI RANJOR SINGH BAHADUR, Mnhdnijd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 His Highness was bom on the 29th September 1848, and succeeded to 
 the Rdj on the 9th September 1859. He is a Bundela Rajput, descended 
 from the famous Maharaja Chhatrasal of Panna {q.v.) The second son of 
 the Maharajd Chhatrasal was Jagat Raj, from whom are descended both this 
 Chief and the Chiefs of Charkhari, Bijawar, and Sarila. His great-grandson, 
 Maharajd Bakht Singh of Bdnda and Ajaigarh, received a sanad from the 
 British Government in 1807; and Bakht Singh's great-grandson is the 
 present Maharaja. Though Sawai was an old family title it was not recog- 
 nised until 1877, when it was added to the title of Maharaja at the Delhi 
 Imperial Assemblage on the occasion of the proclamation of Her Majesty as 
 Empress of India. Ajaigarh has an area of 802 square miles, and a popu- 
 lation of 81,454, chiefly Hindus. His Highness's revenues are Rs.2,25,000. 
 He is entitled to a salute of 1 1 guns, and maintains a military force of 97 
 cavalry, 544 infantr)-, and 13 guns. The family motto is Randhir Ajai Wir 
 (The Steadfa.st in War is an Unconquered Hero). His Highness has two 
 sons — Rdjd Bahadur Bhopdl Singh, aged 25 years; Diwdn Sendpati Jaipdl 
 Singh, aged i 7 years. 
 
 Residence. — Ajaigarh, Central India. 
 
 AJAMBAR SINGH DEO (of Anandpur), Thdkur. 
 
 Born about 1832. The title is hereditary, and was recognised by 
 Government on 15th February 1873. The Thakur is connected with the 
 Porahat family, which is descended (according to tradition) from a Rajput of 
 Joiihi)ur who made a pilgrimage to Jaganndth about twelve or thirteen 
 centuries ago. His son is Bdbu Ajit Nardyan Singh Deo. 
 
 Residence. — Singhbhum, Bengal. 
 
 AJRAUDA (WESTERN MALWA), DAULAT SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Thdkur Daulat Singh was born about the year 1835, and succeeded to 
 the title in 1859. He is a Rdjput Chief (Hindu). 
 Residence. — Ajrauda, Central India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 15 
 
 AKALKOT, SHAHAJI MALOJI, alias BABA SAHEB RAJB 
 
 BHONSLB, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Rao Saheb Mehrban Shahaji Maloji Raje Bhonsle, alias Baba Saheb, is 
 the son of Maloji Raje; born 1867. Is a descendant of the Bhonsle 
 family. Educated at Rajaram College, Kolhapur. Married, 1881, Laxumi- 
 bai Saheb, daughter of Dhaibar Killedar of Baroda, and grand-daughter of His 
 Highness the late Maharaja Khanderao Bahadur Gaekwar of Baroda. Has two 
 daughters, Guzra Raje and Putala Raje, aged si.x and three respectively. 
 His accession took place in 1870; but being a minor the management of 
 the State was in the hands of the British Government till 1891, when the 
 administration of the State was made over to him. His step-grandmother is 
 the Lady Kamaljabai Saheb, widow of Shahaji Raje H., alias Appa Saheb. 
 His nearest relation is his second cousin, Tulaji Raje Bhonsle, son of the 
 late Futtehsing, uncle to the late Maloji Raja. Shdhaji Maloji, Sambhaji 
 Tulzaji, and Bhavanji Raje of Kurla are the great-grandsons of the late Tulzaji, 
 brother of Futtehsing II. The founder of the family was Ranoji, a son of Sayaji 
 Lokhanday Patel of Parud in the Sewari Pargani of the province of Aurangabad, 
 who, without being formally adopted, was taken by Sivaji, better known as Shao 
 Rajd (the son of Sambhaji and grandson of the great Sivaji), into his family, and 
 had the family surname of Bhonsle of the Rdj^s of Satara conferred upon him 
 under the following circumstances : After the death of the Emperor Aurangzeb, 
 Shao Rdjd was released from captivity by the Emperor Bahddur Shah. He was 
 on his return to the Deccan, and had encamped at Parud, when he was attacked 
 by Sayaji Patel, who appears to have been a partisan of the famous Tarabai 
 (widow of Rajaram, who had assumed the reins of government). Sayaji was 
 defeated and was killed in the fight. His widow took her three little boys and 
 threw herself at the feet of the Rdjd, imploring his forgiveness and his protec- 
 tion. The Rdjd was moved with compassion, and being naturally of a kind- 
 hearted disposition conceived the idea of taking care of the eldest of the children. 
 He told the mother that if she would give up the boy, who was under ten years 
 of age, he would provide for him, and she gladly gave her consent. Ranoji was 
 a good-looking lad, and gained the favour of the Rdjd. It happened that as the 
 Rdjd continued his march towards Satara some resistance was offered by the 
 Bhils on the road, and it was necessary to disperse them. The nominal com- 
 mand of the detachment employed on this occasion was given to the boy. The 
 Bhils were defeated and dispersed, and the Rdjd was so well pleased with this 
 fortunate omen of the child's future career that he changed his name to Futteh- 
 sing. Futtehsing grew in favour and remained with the Rdjd at his Court at 
 Satara. In 17 10 the Rdjd took him into his family and gave him the family 
 surname of Bhonsle, and later conferred on him the Akalkot State as an heredi- 
 tary yiff/r. Futtehsing died in the year 1760, and was succeeded by his adopted 
 son Shdhaji Raje I., alias Baba Saheb, who in turn was succeeded by his elder 
 son, Futtehsing II., alias Aba Saheb (the younger was Tulaji, who was granted 
 the village of Kurla for maintenance). Futtehsing II. died in 1822, and was 
 succeeded by his son Maloji Rdjd I., alias Baba Saheb, who was succeeded by 
 his son Shdhaji Raje II., alias Appa Saheb, bom 1821, died 1857 (his younger 
 brother was Futtehsing). Shdhaji Raje II. was succeeded by his son Maloji 
 Rdjd II., alias Buwa Saheb, born 1838, died 1870; succeeded by his son 
 Shdhaji Raje III., alias Baba Saheb, the present chief. The area of the State 
 is about 498 square miles, and its population is about 58,040, chiefly Hindus, 
 though there are nearly 8000 Muhammadans. The Chief maintains a military 
 force of 46 men and 7 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Akalkot, Bombay. 
 
i6 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 AKBAB ALI, Khdn Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 15th March 18S7. 
 Residence. — Sdt.ira, Bombay. 
 
 AKBAE ALI, MIR, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th December 1864. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 AKBAR ALI, MIR, C.S.I., Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was originally conferred by His Highness the 
 Nizdm of the Ueccan. The Khan Bahadur was created a Companion of the 
 Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, 4th Januar)' 1869. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Deccan. 
 
 AKHIL CHANDRA MUKHARJI, Rat Bahddur. 
 Granted the title of Rai Bahadur, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 
 1893- 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 ALAGHASINGHARU BHATTAR, Mahdmalwpddhydya. 
 
 Born 1 8 1 7 ; was granted the personal title (entitling him to rank in 
 Darbar immediately after titular Rajas), for his eminence as a Sanskrit scholar, 
 on 15th Februar)' 1S87, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty. 
 
 Residence. — Srirangam, Trichinopoly, Madras. 
 
 AT, AM KHAN, MIR, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 5th September 1883, for 
 distinguished military ser\'ice. The Khan Bahddur holds the high rank of 
 Risaldar-Major in Her Majesty's Army. 
 
 Residence. — With ist Punjab Cavalry. 
 
 ALAM SHAH, SAYYID, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 ALBEL SINGH (of Lidhran), Sarddr. 
 
 Born in 1824. The title is hereditary, and the Sarddr is descended 
 from Sard.ir Jai Singh, who joined the Nishanwala misl or confederacy, 
 which opposed Zain Khan, the Governor of Sarhind, who was slain in battle. 
 The family did good service during the Mutiny. 
 
 Residence. — Ludhidna, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 17 
 
 ALI AHMAD, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The Khan Bahadur, who is also styled Iktidar Jang Afsar-ud-daula, 
 Rafat-ul-Mulk, derived his titles from the Carnatic Nawab ; and they were 
 recognised by Government in December 1890. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 ALI AHMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, and the Mir is descended from one of the Mirs of 
 Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 ALI BAHADUR KHAN (of Saidptir), Rdjd. 
 
 The Raja is a Chib Rajput of very ancient descent. His ancestor, Chib 
 Chand, and his descendants long ruled in the neighbourhood of Bhimbar ; 
 and one of the latter, Sadip Chand, adopted the ISIuhammadan faith in the 
 Court of the Emperor Babar, and was confirmed by that monarch in his 
 possessions, taking the name of Shadab Khan. This Chief accompanied the 
 Emperor Humayun on many of his expeditions, and was at length killed 
 in a quarrel. A descendant, Raja Sultan Khan, was conquered by the 
 Maharaja Gulab Singh of Jammu, who threw him into prison, where he 
 died. After the first Sikh war, as the British Government made over 
 Kashmir (including Bhimbar) to the Maharaja Gulab Singh, the Raja Talab 
 Singh removed to Saidpur, where the family has since been settled. The 
 title is hereditary, and the Raja's son is named Ali Akbar Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Saidpur, Jhelum, Punjab. 
 
 ALI BAKHSH walad FAZL MUHAMMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 ALI DOST, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1829; was granted the personal title of Khan Bahadur for good 
 service in the Madras Pohce on ist January 1878; retired on pension, 
 1888. 
 
 Residence. — North Arcot, Madras. 
 
 ALI DUT KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditar)', the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation (see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 c 
 
i8 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 ALI GAUHAR walad SHAH MUHAMMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditar)', as in the last-mentioned case, and for the same 
 reason. 
 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 ALI GAUHAR KHAN, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 9th June 1878. 
 Residence. — Punjab. 
 
 ALI HAIDAR 7calad ALI MUHAMMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, as the Mir is descended from one of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 ALI HASAN KHAN, Amir-ud-dauM Ihtisham-ul-Mulk, Bahddur, 
 
 Shujdat Jang. 
 
 The title is personal, and was originally conferred by the late Muhammad 
 Ali Shah, formerly King of Oudh, in 1837. He is the grandson of the late 
 Saddat Ali Khan, King of Oudh ; and his title was recognised on the 4th 
 December 1877. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 ALI HUSAIN 7valad ALI AHMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, as the Mir is descended from one of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the anne.\ation. 
 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 ALI HUSAIN SARDAR MIRZA BAHADUR, Prince. 
 
 The Prince is the fourteenth son of the late King of Oudh, and his title 
 is a courtesy title, personal to himself. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 ALI HUSAIN KHAN, Shams-ud-dauld Mukhtar-ul-Mulk, 
 Bahddur, Mustakim Jang. 
 
 Is grandson of the late Saddat Ali Khrin, King of Oudh. His titles were 
 originally conferred by the late Muhammad Ali Shah, King of Oudh ; and 
 were recognised by Government, 4lh December 1877. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 ALI JAN, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. 
 Resilience. — North-Western Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 19 
 
 ALI KHAN, SAYYID, Nawdb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the celebration of the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Monghyr, Bengal. 
 
 ALI MADAD KHAN walad SOHRAB KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, as the Mir is descended from one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikirpur, Sind. 
 
 ALI MADAD KHAN walad AHMAD KHAN, H.H. Mir, Mir. 
 
 Born I S3 5. The first title is personal. The second title (Mir) is heredi- 
 tary, as His Highness is descended from the old Mirs or Chiefs of Sind. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 ALI MARDAN KHAN walad RUSTAM KHAN, Mir. 
 
 Born 13th July 181 3. The title is hereditary. Belongs to the Suhra- 
 bani branch of the Talpur family, formerly Amirs of Sind, being the son of 
 Mir Rustam Khan, who was a ruling Amir at the time of the annexation. 
 The Mir has two sons — Mehrab Khan and Khudadad Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 ALI MAZHAR SAHIB, HAFIZ, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Connected with the Carnatic family ; was granted the personal title on 
 ist June 1888. 
 
 Residence. — Karur, Madras. 
 
 ALI MUHAMMAD KHAN walad SADIK ALI KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Sind. 
 
 ALI MUHAMMAD SHAD, SAYYID, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Is a descendant of the same family as the Nawab Vilayat Ali Khan, 
 CLE. (tj.v.^ ; and was granted the title on ist January 1891, in consideration 
 of his social position and learning. 
 
 Residence. — Patna, Bengal. 
 
 ALI MUHAMMAD, Mirza. 
 The title is hereditary. Is the son of Mirza Khusro Beg. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
20 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 AT.T MURAD KHAN li'alad AHMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 Born ist September 1S35. The title is hereditary; and the Mir is a 
 son of the Mir Ahmad Khan of the Shahwani branch of the Talpur family, 
 formerly Amirs of Sind. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 ALI NAWAZ walad SADIK ALI KHAN, Mir. 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Sind. 
 
 AT. T NAWAZ KHAN walad GHULAM SHAH KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditar)-, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the lime of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 ALI NAWAZ KHAN 'd'alad GHULAM MURTAZA 
 KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 ALIM KHAN, JAMADAR, Khan Saheb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, for good 
 military service, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty. 
 
 Residence. — With 20th Bengal Infantr)'. 
 
 ALIPURA, CHHATARPATI, C.S.I., Rao Bahddur of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 The Rao of Alipura was born on the 29th August 1853 ; and succeeded 
 to the Raj on the 3rd November 1871. He is a Rajput (Hindu) of the 
 I'arihar clan ; and is descended from the Rao Mukund Singh, a Sardar of 
 Panna, whose grandson, Rao I'ratap Singh, received a sanad from the British 
 Government in 1 808. The old title of the family was Sewai Rao ; but Rao 
 only was used until the year 1877, when the additional title of Bahadur was 
 granted as a personal distinction at the Delhi Imperial Assemblage, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Majesty as Empress of India. The 
 area of the State is 69 square miles ; its population 14,891, chiefly Hindus. 
 The Rao Bahadur was created a C.S.I, on 15th Feljruary 1S87, on the occa- 
 sion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. He maintains 
 a military force of 6 cavalry, 277 infantry, and 3 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Alipura, Hundclkhand, Central India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 ALIRAJPUR, RANA PARTAB SINGH, Rand of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief {minor). 
 
 The Rand Partab Singh is a minor. He was born about the year 1881, 
 and succeeded to the Raj on the 14th February 1891. He is a Sisodiya 
 Rajput, said to be descended from the family of His Highness the 
 Maharana of Udaipur. The area of the State is 836 square miles ; its 
 population is 56,827, chiefly Hindus, but including nearly 19,000 Bhils. 
 The Rana is entitled to a salute of 9 guns, and maintains a military force 
 of 1 1 cavalry, 169 infantry, and 7 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Alirdjpur, Bhopdwar, Central India. 
 
 ALLAH BAKHSH nmlad ALI BAKHSH, Mir. 
 
 Born 1st October 1865. The title is hereditary, the Mir being a son of 
 Alir Ali Bakhsh of the Shahwani branch of the Talpur family, formerly 
 Amirs of Sind. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 ALLAH BAKHSH zvalad GHULAM MURTAMA 
 KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary', the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 ALLAH BAKHSH walad GHULAM HUSAIN KHAN, Mir. 
 The title is hereditary, for the same reason as above. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 ALLAH BAKHSH, MUNSHI, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 Granted the title of Khan Bahadur as a personal distinction, in promo- 
 tion from that of Khan Saheb, 2nd January 1893. 
 Residence. — Meshed. 
 
 ALLAH RAKHIO walad GHULAM MURTAZA KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikirpur, Sind. 
 
 ALLAHDAD KHAN, Nawdb. 
 
 The title is hereditary, and the present Nawab, in 1889, succeeded his 
 father,Nawab Sarfaraz Khan, C.S.I. Sarbuland Khan, the founderof the family, 
 and the first Nawab of Mankerah, was an Afghan of the Saddozai, a ruling 
 race of Kabul, and held the government of the Derajat under the Nawab of 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Multan. Subsequently he obtained, through the Kabul Government, 
 possession of the Mankerah territor)-, and took up his residence at Bhakkar 
 on the Indus. On his death in 1 8 1 6 he was succeeded by Hafiz Ahmad 
 Khan, his daughter's son, who was the great-grandfather of the present 
 Nawab. He was succeeded by his son, Shah Nawaz Khan ; and in the 
 latter's time, Ranjit Singh, after the conquest of Multan, besieged and took 
 Mankerah. A treaty was, however, subsequently concluded, by which the 
 Nawab was left in possession of a considerable territory. He was succeeded 
 by his son, Nawab Sarfardz Khan ; and the latter by his son, the present 
 Nawab. 
 
 Residence. — Dera Ismail Khdn, Punjab. 
 
 ALLAHDAD KHAN walad AHMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the anne.xation. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 ALLAHDAD KHAN walad WALIDAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 ALLAHDAD KHAN, RAISANI, MIR, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Khanak and Barkhan, Baluchistan. 
 
 ALTAP HUSAIN, SHAIKH (of Lucknow), Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1842. The title is personal, and was conferred on 29th May 
 1 886. The Khdn Bahddur is a son of the late Shaikh Kasim Ali, who was 
 chak/addr in the time of Amjad Ali Shdh. Is an Honorary Magistrate, and 
 Member of the Municipal and District Boards, Cawnpur. 
 
 Residence. — Cawnpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 ALUMAL TRIKAMDAS BHOJVANI, R<w Saheb, 
 Kao Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1889. 
 Residence. — Kardchi, Sind. 
 
 ALVA (REWA KANTHA), THAKUR RASUL KHAN, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Was i)orn about the year 1875, and is a Muhamniadan of Rajput descent. 
 The area of the State is about 3 square miles, and its population consists 
 chiefly of aboriginal Bhils. 
 
 Residence. — Alwi, Rcw.-l K.lntha, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 23 
 
 ALWAR, His Higlmess i/ie Mahdrdjd Sawai of. 
 
 His Highness the Maharaja is a minor, and only succeeded to the 
 Raj in the year 1892, on the death of the late Maharaja, Lieutenant- 
 Calonel His Highness the Maharaja Sawai Sir Mangal Singh Bahadur, 
 G.C.S.I. He is a Rajput (Hindu) of the Naruka clan, and is descended 
 from Pratap Singh, Rao of Macheri. The latter, on becoming Raja of Raj- 
 garh, took the title of Rao Raja of Macheri ; and subsequently, on bringing 
 the whole of Alwar into subjection, he assumed the title of Maharao 
 Raja, and proclaimed his independence in 1770 a.d. The family was an 
 offshoot from the ruling family of Jaipur. The area of the State is 3024 
 square miles; its population 682,926, chiefly Hindus (but including more 
 than 150,000 Muhammadans). His Highness is entitled to a salute of 15 
 guns, and maintains a military force of 2189 cavalry, 3676 infantry, and 351 
 guns. The revenue of the State is Rs. 2 6, 5 8, 792. 
 
 Residence. — Ahvar, Rdjputdna. 
 
 AMALA, RAJA RATAN SINGH, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Raja was born about the year 1841, and is of Bhil descent. The 
 State, which is one of the Dang States, in Khandesh, is about 119 square 
 miles in area ; and its population, which consists chiefly of Bhils, Konknas, 
 and other aboriginal tribes, is about 5300. 
 
 Residence. — Amala, Khdndesh, Bombay. 
 
 AMAN SINGH, J?ao. 
 
 Born 14th August 1876. The title is hereditar)', and the traditional 
 account of its origin is, that Raja Chhatarsal gave the village of Salaiyah in 
 Pargana Panwari in dowry to Sabha Singh, Panwar Thakur, to whom the 
 Raja's daughter was married, together with the title of Rao, which the family 
 have ever since enjoyed. Rao Aman Singh's grandfather was Rao Nawal 
 Singh. 
 
 Residence. — -Hamirpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 AMAN SINGH (of Bhandra), Jitijd. 
 
 The title is hereditary, and was originally derived from Raja Nizam Shah 
 of Mandla. The title was conferred on Raja Nirpat Singh, grandfather of 
 the present Raja. The latter's son is Kunwar Hanman Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Bhandra, Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 AMANAT FATIMA (of Basitnagar), Bcgam. 
 See Basitnagar. 
 
24 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 AMAR CHAND, Jidjd. 
 
 The Rdji, whose family is of Rajput (Katoch) origin, succeeded his 
 father, Rdja Sir Jodbhir Singh, in 1873. Sir Jodbhir Singh was brother-in- 
 law of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore, and was created a Knight of the 
 Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, and granted a personal salute of 7 
 guns, by the Government. He has several sons, of whom the eldest is Mian 
 Narindar Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Nadaun, Kingra, Punjab. 
 
 AMAR SINGH, Rai. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 30th August 1859. 
 Residence. — Muzaffarnagar, North- Western Provinces. 
 
 AMAR SINGH (of RAmgarh), Midn. 
 
 The title is hereditarj'. The family is of Rajput origin, and claims 
 descent from Singar Chand, Raja of Bilaspur (Kahlur). A descendant of 
 Raja Singar Chand, named Khushal Singh, conquered Ramgarh and the 
 adjoining territories, and built a fort at Ramgarh. 
 
 Residence. — Rdmgarh, Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 AMAR SINGH. .Sarddr. 
 
 Bom 1858. The title is hereditary. The family is of Jat origin, and is 
 descended from Sardar Sujan Singh, who took possession of Shahkot and ten 
 neighbouring villages in 1759 on the decline of the Mughal Empire. His 
 successors were reduced to submission by Sarddr Fateh Singh Ahluwalia, and 
 subsequently by the Mahdrdja Ranjit Singh of Inhere. 
 
 Residence. — Shdhkot, Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 AMAR SINGH (of BaUoki), Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 AMAR SINGH (of Naugaza), Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 AMAR SINGH, Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditar)'. 
 Residence. — Gujrdnw.Ua, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 25 
 
 AMAR SINGH, Rai Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Punjab. 
 
 AMARBNDRA KRISHNA DEB, Kumar. 
 
 Fourth son of the late Raja Kali Krishna Deb Bahadur, and a de- 
 scendant of the famous Maharaja Navakissen Deb Bahadur, the founder of 
 the Sobha Bazar Raj family of Calcutta. 
 
 Residence. — No. i Rdjd Kally Kissen's Street, Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 AMBIKA CHARAN RAI, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born in 1S27, at Behala, near Calcutta; son of the late Bibu Durga 
 Prasad Rai. Is twelfth in descent from Raja Gajendranath Rai, who was a 
 Minister in the Court of Delhi in the reign of the Emperor Jahangir. The 
 family was settled at Anarpur near Dum-dum, but removed to Behala to- 
 wards the close of the last century, on account of the Mahratta raids. The 
 Rai Bahadur entered the service of Government in 1842, and in 1862 was 
 appointed Chief Translator of the Calcutta High Court, Appellate Side. 
 Has taken an active and enlightened part in municipal affairs, especially in 
 connection with the South Suburban Municipality, of which he has been 
 the elected Chairman ever since the introduction of the elective system. 
 He has also been distinguished for public benefactions, in the building of 
 schools, digging of tanks, and in other ways. On the occasion of Her 
 Majesty's Jubilee he obtained from Government the title of Rai Bahadur, 
 and a gold medal with the following inscription : " Presented by Govern- 
 ment to Umbica Churn Roy, Zamijiddr^ Chief Translator, High Court, and 
 Chairman, South Suburban Municipality, with the title of Rai Bahadur, in 
 recognition of meritorious and faithful services to the State and Public. 
 Presented on the occasion of Her Majesty the Queen Empress's Jubilee, 
 i6th February 1887, to Umbica Churn Roy of Behala, 24-Pergunnahs." 
 He has four sons — Surendranath Rai, B.A., B.L., of the High Court, Cal- 
 cutta ; Satyendranath Rai ; Amarendranath Rai ; Devendranath Rai. 
 
 Reside7ice. — Behala, Bengal. 
 
 AMETHI, Rdjd of. See Madho Singh of Amethi. 
 
 AMIN CHAND (of Bijwara), Sarddr Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1887. The 
 Sardar Bahadur served for many years under the Punjab Government as 
 Extra Assistant Commissioner and Assistant Settlement Officer, and was 
 subsequently Judicial Assistant Commissioner and Judge of the Small Cause 
 Court of Ajmir. He is of a Khatri family ; his son is Ram Chand. 
 
 Residence. — Bijwdra, Hoshidrpur, Punjab. 
 
26 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 AMIR AHMAD, SAYYID, Shams-ul-Ulama. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty's reign, for eminent 
 oriental scholarship. It entitles the holder to take rank in Darbdr im- 
 mediately after titular Nawabs. 
 
 Residence. — North-Western Provinces. 
 
 AMIR ALI, THE HON. SAYYID, CLE. 
 
 Is a Puisne Judge of the High Court of Calcutta. He was created a 
 Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, 1 5th February 
 1887, in recognition of his position as an eminent member of the Calcutta 
 Bar. Belongs to a family that claims descent from the Prophet. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 AMIR ALI, SAYYID, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 21st July 1877. 
 Residence. — Delhi, Punjab. 
 
 AMIR ALI KHAN tvalad FAZL MUHAMMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 AMIR HASAN. SAYYID, Khan. 
 
 The title is hereditar)-. 
 
 Residence. — Allahabad, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 AMIR HUSAIN, SAYYID, CLE. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, ist January 1888. 
 
 Residence. — 
 
 AMIR MUHAMMAD KHAN, JAMADAR, Khan Saheb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred 16th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty's reign, for military 
 services. 
 
 Residence. — With iiih Bengal Lancers. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 27 
 
 AMIR SHAH, SAYYID, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The Khan Bahadur received the title as a personal distinction on 25th 
 May 1S92. Is an Assistant Surgeon in the Medical Service, and Lecturer in 
 Chemistry in the Lahore Veterinary Surgeon. 
 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 AMIR, SHAIKH, Khdn Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1889. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 AMJAD ALI, SAYYID, Sarddr Bahadur. 
 
 Son of Sayyid Anwar Ali. The title was conferred for eminent services 
 in the Mutiny. His son is Sayyid Kasim Ali, Honorary Magistrate of 
 Delhi. 
 
 Residence. — Delhi, Punjab. 
 
 AMLIYARA, THAKUR JALAMSINGHJI AMARSINGHJI, 
 
 Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Thdkur, who is a Hindu of Koli (aboriginal) descent, was born 
 about the year i860, and succeeded to the gadi on the 23rd April 1876. 
 The State (which is in Mahi Kantha, Bombay Presidency) contains an area 
 of about 157 square miles, and a population (chiefly Hindu) of 12,437. 
 
 Residence. — Amliyira, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 AMRIK SINGH, CHHACHI, Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1836. The title is hereditary. Is son of Sarddr Nehal Singh, who 
 married the only daughter of Sarddr Gurmukh Singh, and was allowed to take 
 the name of Chhachi and to succeed to his father-in-law's jdgir. Sarddr 
 Nehal Singh did valuable service to Government in the rebellion of 1848; 
 and for his loyalty in the time of the Mutiny received an additional yrf.s''?'- 
 In 1857 the present Sarddr (then Amrik Singh, eldest son of Sarddr Nehal 
 Singh) raised a risala of mounted police and took them down to Oudh, 
 where they did excellent service. 
 
 Residence. — Rdwalpindi, Punjab. 
 
 AMRIK SINGH, HASSANWALIA, SARDAR, Rat Bahadur. 
 
 Granted the title of Rai Bahadur, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 
 1893. 
 
 Residence. — Punjab. 
 
 AMULAK SHIVDAS, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign. 
 Residence. — Ahmadabad, Bombay. 
 
28 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDLA. 
 
 AN AN DA DIN, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1883. 
 Residence. — Indore, Central India. 
 
 ANANDA GAJAPATI B.AZ, Mahdrdjd Sir P., G.C.I.E. 
 See Vizianagram. 
 
 ANANDATONAI RAI, Hdjd Eat. 
 
 This is one of the titles that appear not to have been formally recognised 
 by Government. It was originally conferred for approved service by the 
 Emperor of Delhi. The earliest Rajas were Raja Pratapaditya Rai and Raja 
 Basanta Kumar Rai. 
 
 Residence. — Khulna, Bengal. 
 
 ANANTA CHARLU, P., Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1844 ; is an advocate of the High Court, Madras, and appointed 
 Member of the Madras Municipal Commission in 1884. Granted the 
 personal title in 1887. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 ANTARJI NARAYAN KOTNIS, Rao SaJieb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Vingurla, Bombay. 
 
 ANTHONY, MAUNG, Thuye-gaung Ngweda ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. It means 
 " Recipient of the Silver Sword for Bravery," and is indicated by the letters 
 T.D.M. after the name. 
 
 Resilience. — Lcgaing, Burma. 
 
 APJI AMAR SINGH, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred on i6lh February 1887, on the occasion of the 
 Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign. 
 Residence. — Kotah, R.-ijput.ina. 
 
 APPAJI RAOJI, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 9th April 1S83. 
 Residence. — Sholapur, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 29 
 
 APPU SASTRIYAR, S., Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1855; was granted the personal title in 1889 for ser\-ices to 
 education. 
 
 Residence. — Kumbhakonam, Tanjore, Madras. 
 
 ARGOT, Prince of. See Muhammad Munawwar AH, Khan Bahadur, 
 
 Prince of Arcot. 
 
 ARGOT, THE PRINCESS OF, Nawdb. 
 
 The title is a personal one, recognised in 1886. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 ARDESAR DORABJI (of Ahmadabad), Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May iSSg. 
 Residence. — Ajmir. 
 
 ARJUN SINGH (of Ghahal), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1845 ; succeeded his father Sardar Joala Singh in 1852. The title 
 is hereditary. The Sardar comes of a Chahal Jat family. Its founder, Katha 
 Singh, was in the service of the Bhangi Sardars, who had taken possession of 
 Lahore in 1764; and his son Karm Singh, on the overthrow of the Bhangi 
 chiefs, took service with the Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and ultimately became 
 one of his most powerful Sardars. He was killed in the battle of Theri on 
 the Yusufzai border ; and his eldest son, Sardar Gurmukh Singh, died of 
 cholera at Kohat. Sardar Joala Singh, father of the present Sardar, was at 
 this time only four years old ; so the Maharaja Ranjit Singh resumed many 
 of 'Ca%jdgirs of the family. 
 
 Residence. — Amritsar, Punjab. 
 
 ARUMUG-AM PILLAI, M., Hao Bahddur. 
 
 Born i860 ; was granted the personal title for good service in the Madras 
 Revenue Department. 
 
 Residence. — Ponneri, Chengalpat, Madras. 
 
 ARUR SINGH (of Naushahara Nangal), Sarddr. 
 
 Of a Shergil Jat family. The title is hereditary ; the founder of the 
 family was Sardar Mirza Singh, who joined the Kanahayya confederacy. 
 His son, Sarddr Kanh Singh, and his grandson, Sardar Jassa Singh, were in 
 the service of the Majithia Chief 
 
 Residence. — Amritsar, Punjab. 
 
30 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 ASAD KHAN, CLE., Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary, as the Sardir is the Chief of the Sarawan Brahuis. 
 He was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, ist January 1878. 
 
 Residence. — Baluchistan. 
 
 ASAD-ULLA KHAN, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 1888. 
 Residence. — Meerut, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 ASGHAR ALI, SAYYID, C.S.I., Nawdb Bahddur. 
 
 Born about the year 1831 ; son of the Nawab Tahwar Jang. The Sa)')id 
 is the descendant and representative of the famous Nawab Muhammad Reza 
 Khan Bahadur, othenvise known as Muzaffar Jang, the Naib Subahdar of 
 Bengal, who rendered very faithful senice to Government in the time of 
 Lord Clive. The title of Nawab Bahadur was conferred on him in 1862, as 
 a personal distinction, "in consideration of his descent from a noble of 
 historical reputation, his father's liberal patronage of native education, and 
 his unblemished reputation." Has been a Member of the Bengal Legislative 
 Council, and a Municipal Commissioner for the town of Calcutta. Created 
 C.S.L in 1866. 
 
 Residence. — 156 Lower Circular Road, Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 ASGHAR REZA, SAYYID, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the celebration of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign. Is a pro- 
 minent Zdmindar (landowner) of Krishnaganj in Purniah, Bengal. 
 
 Residence. — Purniah, Bengal. 
 
 ASHRAF-UD-DIN AHMAD, SAYYID, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Mutawali of the Hughli Imdmbdrd. Created a Khdn Bahddur, as a 
 personal distinction, 2nd January 1893. 
 Residence. — Hughli, Bengal. 
 
 ASKARAN, SETH, Rao Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1889. 
 Residence. — Raipur, Central Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 31 
 
 ASMAN J AH BAHADUR, His Excellency the Nawdb Sir, K.C.I.E. 
 Prime Minister of the Deccan. 
 
 Born in 1839. Is great-grandson of Mir Nizam-ud-din Khan, the second 
 Nizam of the Deccan ; and one of the three Premier Nobles of the Hydera- 
 bad State, known as the illustrious Shamsiya family. His Excellency's family 
 name is Muhammad Mazahr-ud-din Khan, and his full titles are Rafath 
 Jang, Bashir-ud-dauld, Umdat-ul-Mulk, Azam-ul-Umara, Amir-i-Akbar, Asman 
 Jah Bahadur. The Begam Bashir-un-Nissa Sahiba, daughter of the second 
 Nizam, was married to the Nawab Tej Jang, Shams-ul-Umara, Amir-i-Kabir ; 
 and the sons of this royal marriage were the Nawab Muhammad Sultan-ud- 
 din Khan Sabkat Jang, Bashir-ul-Mulk (father of His Excellency), and the 
 Nawab Muhammad Rafi-ud-din Khan Umdat-ul-Mulk. The former died 
 before his father. The latter succeeded to the titles of Shams-ul-Umara, 
 Amir-i-Kabir; and in 1869, on the death of His Highness the Nizam Afzul- 
 ud-daula, became Co-Regent of Hyderabad with the late Sir Salar Jang, in 
 consequence of the minority of His Highness the present Nizam. Under 
 the Regency the present Prime Minister held the important office of Minister 
 of Justice, as it was considered essential that at such a time that post should 
 be occupied by one of the highest nobles of the State; and in 1875, when 
 the late Sir Salar Jang was absent in Europe, His E.xcellency, in conjunction 
 with another nobleman, acted as Prime Minister and Regent, and received 
 the thanks of the Government of India for the skill and ability displayed 
 in this exalted capacity. On subsequent occasions also he occasionally 
 acted for the late Prime Minister during the absence of the latter from 
 Hyderabad. With his brother he acted as the representative of his 
 uncle, the then Co-Regent, on the occasion of the reception of His Royal 
 Highness the Prince of Wales at Bombay ; and he also accompanied 
 His Highness the Nizam to the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi in 1877, 
 and received the Delhi Medal. In 1877 the Amir-i-Kabir died, and 
 in 1883, on the death of Sir Salar Jang, the Nawab became a member 
 of the Council of Regency, and acted as administrator of the State 
 during the visit to Calcutta of His Highness the Nizam and the two adminis- 
 trators later in the same year. In 1887 he was deputed by His High- 
 ness as his representative in London on the auspicious occasion of the Jubilee 
 of Her Most Gracious Majesty's reign, and maintained the dignity of his 
 illustrious kinsman's position, as First Prince of the Empire, with an ability 
 and liberality that left nothing to be desired. His Excellency had the honour 
 of being personally presented to Her Majesty the Empress at Windsor Castle. 
 Before his return to the Deccan he was chosen by His Highness for the 
 highest post in the State, that of Prime Minister ; and in this great and 
 arduous office, his conspicuous success has gained the hearty approval of His 
 Highness, and the congratulations of the whole world. With the loyal and 
 brotherly co-operation of his distinguished kinsman. His Excellency the 
 Vikar-ul-Umara (also one of the three Premier Nobles of the State), and all 
 the most able statesmen of Hyderabad, he has raised the government of 
 His Highness the Nizam's territories to the highest state of efficiency and 
 enlightenment. On the auspicious occasion of the celebration of the Jubilee 
 of the reign of Her Majesty the Queen Empress in 1887, he was created a 
 Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire ; and 
 
32 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 the speech of the British Resident, when investing him with the insignia on 
 that occasion, bore ample testimony to the appreciation of the Imperial 
 Government. Similar sentiments were expressed by the late Viceroy of 
 India, Lord Dufferin, on the occasion of Sir Asman Jiih's visit to Calcutta 
 in 1888. 
 
 Sir Asman Jah, like his noble kinsman, the Vikdr-uI-Umara, is famous 
 for his unbounded hospitality, for his proficiency as a sportsman, and in other 
 accomplishments of social life ; and both these noblemen, like their kinsman 
 Sir Khurshid Jah, K.C.I.E., have shared the fortune of their ancestor the 
 Nawdb Tej Jang, Shams-ul-Umara, Amir-i-Kabir, in allying themselves by 
 marriage with Princesses of the Royal House of Hyderabad. 
 
 Residences. — Bashir Bagh, Hyderabad ; Sarurnagar, Hyderabad ; Johdnnuma, 
 Hyderabad. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 33 
 
 ASMAN JAH BAHADUR, MIRZA, Prince. 
 The title is the courtesy title of the second son of the late King of Oudh. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 ASOTHAR, Rdjd of. See Lachhman Parshad Singh. 
 
 ATA HUSAIN, SAYYID, Nawdb. 
 
 Born i860. The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 
 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty. Married the daughter of His late Highness the Nawab Muntazim- 
 ul-Mulk, Mohsin-ud-dauL< Faridun Jah Sayyid Mansur Ali Khan Bahddur 
 Nasrat Jang Nazim of Murshidabad ; and has issue Mahi-ud-din Husain, born 
 1885 ; and Main-ud-din Husain, born 1887. Is descended from Sayyid Khan 
 Dastur, a Persian follower of the Emperor Humayun, distinguished for his 
 bravery, who became Zaminddr of Surjyapur, Purniah, in the Subah of Bengal. 
 Succeeded by his son-in-law Sayyid Rai Khan, who obtained z.farmdn from the 
 great Akbar Shah, Emperor of Delhi ; and Sayyid Rai Khan's son, Raja Sayyid 
 Raja, obtained the title of Raja from Shah Shuja, Nazim of Bengal, in the year 
 of the Hijrah 1052. After several generations one of his descendants, Raja 
 Sayyid Muhammad Jalal of Surjyapur, was defeated by the Nawab Saulat Jang 
 at his fort of Jalalgarh, as recorded in the Siyar-ul-Mutakharin. His grandson, 
 Raja Sayyid Faqr-ud-din Husain, was a distinguished Zaminddr ; he took the 
 decennial settlement from the British Government. Succeeded by his son, 
 Raja Sayyid Dedar Husain ; and the latter by his son, Raja Sayyid Inayat 
 Husain (father of the present Nawab), who rendered good service to Govern- 
 ment both during the Mutinies and in the Bhutan war of 1864. The 
 Nawab Sayyid Ata Husain is an Honorary Magistrate of the Krishnaganj 
 .subdivision, a Member of the Central Committee of the Imperial Institute 
 in India, and a Life-Member of Lady Dufferin's Fund. 
 
 Residence. — Khagra, Pargand Surjyapur, Pumiah, Bengal. 
 
 ATA MUHAMMAD KHAN, KHAGWANI, Nawdb. 
 
 Is a descendant of the Khag^vani (Afghan) family, and was created a 
 Nawab in 1875. His father, a distinguished soldier named Gholam Sarwar 
 Khan, accompanied Major Lumsden to Kandahar, and on his death the 
 Nawab Ata Muhammad Khan succeeded to the command of his troop. Was 
 selected by General Nicholson, who summoned him from Bannu in 1857, to 
 join his movable column ; greatly distinguished himself in the subsequent 
 campaigns, and on one occasion bravely saved the life of a British officer, 
 Lieutenant Humphrey. The Nawab was selected to succeed Nawab Gholam 
 Hasan Khan as the British representative at the Court of the Amir of 
 Kabul. He has five sons — Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Khan, Muhammad 
 Nawaz Khan, Mahmud Khan, and Hamid Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Dera Ismail Khdn, Punjab. 
 
 D 
 
34 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 ATA MUHAMMAD, SHAIKH, Khan Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1889 for distin- 
 guished service in the Medical Department 
 
 Residence. — H odcida. 
 
 ATAR SINGH (of Bhadaiir), Sarddr Sir, A'. CLE. 
 
 Son of Sarddr Khark Singh ; born 1833 ; is Chief of Bhadaur, a branch 
 of the Phul family, from which descend the Chiefs of Patiala, Jind, and 
 Nabha ; educated in Sanskrit at Benares ; rendered good service to British 
 Government during Mutiny, 1857 (thanked by Government and exempted 
 from payment of six months' commutation-tax) ; elected a Member of Asiatic 
 Society of Bengal 1869, of Senate of Punjab University (then University 
 College) 1870, of Anjuman-i-Punjab 1870, and Vice-President thereof 1880, 
 and in that year Patron of the Sat-Sabha Punjab, and Member of the Sri- 
 Guru-Singh Sabha, Lahore, and of the Bengal Philharmonical Society ; in 
 1877, on the occasion of the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi, received the 
 title of " Malaz-ul-Ulama-ul-Fazila " ; removed his Library of English, 
 Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit, and Gurmukhi books from Bhadaur to Ludhidna, 
 where it was publicly opened on 24th May 1878; in 1873 translated the 
 Sakhee Book, or doctrines of the Sikh religion, from Gurmukhi into English, 
 in 1876 the Travels of Guru Tej Bahadur and Guru Gobind Singh, and in 
 1875-76, for the Government, several chapters of the Granth (Sikh Scriptures) 
 into Urdu (thanked l)y Government and Secretary of State) ; appointed 
 Member of General Committee of Darbar Sahib (Golden Temple), Amritsar, 
 1883, and Vice-President and Trustee, Khalsa College Establishment 
 Committee, 1 890 ; founded Sri-Guru-Singh Sabha at Ludhidna and made 
 President thereof 1884; granted, 1887, the title of Mahamahopddhyaya 
 (entitling him to rank in Darbar immediately after titular Rajds) ; President 
 of the Khalsa Divan ; Life-Member of the Punjab Branch of the Countess 
 of DufTerin's Fund; created CLE. 1880, K.C.I.E. 1888; appointed 
 Member of the Committee of Management of the Aitchison Chiefs' College, 
 Lahore. 
 
 Residence. — Bhadaur House, Ludhidna, Punjab, India. 
 
 ATHQARH, RAJA SRI KARAN BHAGIRATHI BIWARTA 
 PATNAIK, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Rdjd, who is a Hindu of Kayasth descent, was born about the year 
 1844, and succeeded to the gadi on the Sth February 1869. Descended 
 from the Rdjd Niladri Deo Barman, who founded this State in very early 
 times by conquest ; and twenty-seven generations have intervened between 
 him and the present Rdjd. The State is one of the Orissa Tributary ALahals, 
 Bengal ; its area is about 168 square miles, and its population (chiefly Hindus) 
 is about 31,000. The Rdjd maintains a militar)' force of 341 men. 
 
 Residence. — .'\lligarh, Orissa, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 3S 
 
 ATHMALIK, MAHARAJA MAHENDRA DEO SAWANT, 
 
 Maharaja of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Maharaja, who is a Hindu of Kshatriya descent, was born about 
 the year 1848, and succeeded to the gadi on the 4th February 1877. This 
 State is said to have been founded by one Pratap Deo, who, with seven other 
 brothers of the Raja of Jaipur, came with their families on a pilgrimage to 
 Puri. For some reason or other they had a quarrel with the Raja of Puri, by 
 whom two of the brothers were put to death. The remaining five brothers 
 fled for their lives to the hills, and settled at Bonai, of which they took 
 possession, and of which one of the brothers was made Raja. The sister of 
 this Raja of Bonai married Balbhadra Bhanj, a brother of the Keunjhar Raja, 
 who, having plotted to dethrone his brother, was put to death by him. 
 Balbhadra's wife fled to Bonai, and although the Raja of Keunjhar sent 
 ambassadors there to bring her back, Pratap Deo refused to allow her to 
 return, and went with her to Ramganj in Bod, where she gave birth to a son. 
 At that time a Brahman named Gobardhan Deo was Raja of Bod, and as 
 his only son was dead, he adopted Pratap Deo's nephew as his son and heir. 
 At this time a Raja who was a Dom by caste was ruling on the north of the 
 Mahanadi. Pratap Deo defeated him, and becoming ruler of his dominions, 
 founded a village and named it Pratap-pur after himself. The elevated 
 plain across the Handpagarh is, to the present day, renowned as the 
 garh of the Dom Raja, ; and a village called Pratap-pur still exists near it. 
 Pratap Deo found a handa (metal top) in a tank which he was excavating 
 there, and gave the place and the State the name of Handpa. In course of 
 time one of the Chiefs who ruled after Pratap Deo divided the State into 
 eight subdivisions, and placed a Chief over each, with a view of bringing 
 the aborigines into subjection. Hence the State changed its name from 
 Handpa to Athmalik ("eight chiefs"). The State (which is one of the 
 Orissa Tributary Mahals) has an area of 730 square miles. Its population, 
 21,774, is chiefly Hindu; but there are more than 5000 aboriginal hill-men. 
 The Maharaja has a military force of 360 men and i gun. 
 
 Residence. — Athmalik, Orissa, Bengal. 
 
36 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 ATMA SINGH (of Padhana), Sarddr. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 1888. 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 ATMAEAM BABA (of Gursarai), Hdjd Bahadur. 
 
 Bom 1831. The title was conferred on 2nd September 1882. The 
 Rajd is a Dakhani Pandit (Maharashtra Brahman) whose family settled in 
 Gursarai under the Peshwds. Dinkar Rao Ana was sent from Puna, after 
 the death of Gobind Rao Bundela, Subahdar of Jalaun, to manage the 
 Jalaun district and other territories of the Peshwa in Bundelkhand. His 
 second son was the Raja Kesho Rao Dinkar, father of the present Raja ; 
 who, with his four sons, performed the most eminent military senices to the 
 Government throughout the Mutiny in every part of the much-disturbed 
 Jhansi division, and received in acknowledgment the title of Rajd. Bahadur 
 with a k/ii/at and valuable grants. His son succeeded him in 1882. 
 
 Residence. — Gursarai, Pargand Garotha, Jhansi, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 ATTAR SINGH (of Maloha), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary ; and the Sarddr belongs to a Khatri family, 
 descended from the Sarddr Dydl Singh, whose sons were dispossessed of 
 much of their territory by the Mahdrdja Ranjit Singh of Lahore. 
 
 Residence. — Maloha, Ambila, Punjab. 
 
 AUT.AD ALI, MAULAVI SHAIKH, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Was an Assistant Superintendent of Police, Bengal, and in that capacity 
 rendered valuable services to the Government. He has subsequently taken 
 an active and useful part in the municipal work of (Jya, where he has been 
 an Honorary Magistrate and Member of the District Board and Municipal 
 Committee. 
 
 Residence. — Cya, Bengal. 
 
 AULAD HUSAIN, C.I.R, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious \Iajesty as Empress of 
 India. He was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the 
 Indi-nn Empire, ist January- 1882. 
 
 Residence. — Raipur, Central Provinces. 
 
 AUNDH, SHRINIVAS PARASHURAM, Pant Pratinidhi of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Pant Pratinidhi of Aundh, who is a Hindu Chief of Brdhman 
 descent, was born on the 27th November 1833, and succeeded to the gadi 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 37 
 
 on nth June 1848. He was a Member of the Bombay Legislative Council 
 from 1866 to 1868. He has four sons — Parashuram Rao, Gangadhar Rao, 
 Bhawan Rao, and Bhagwant Rao. The State was formerly a feudatory of 
 Satara ; and this was indicated by the title Fratinidht, which meant " the 
 likeness or representation of the Raja," and was conferred on the Pratinidhi 
 Parashuram Trimbak during the reign of the Raja Rajaram Maharaj of 
 Satara. The title of Pant was adopted by Parashuram Pratinidhi in 1846, 
 on which occasion he paid a nazar of Rs. 2 5,000 to the Raja of Satara. 
 Residence. — Aundh, Sitdra, Bombay. 
 
 AUNG GYI, MAUNG, Kyet Thaye zaung shwe Sahve ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 1888. It means 
 " Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour," and is indicated by the letters 
 K.S.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Ye-u, Burma. 
 
 AUTAR SINGH (of MananaU), Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residetice. — Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 AVCHAR, NAIK YBSHWANT BADAL, Naik of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Naik, who is a Bhil (of aboriginal descent), was born about the 
 year 1877. The area of the State (which is one of the Dang States in 
 Khandesh, Bombay) is about 8 square miles, with a scanty population of 
 about 500 Bhils. 
 
 Residence. — Avchar, Khdndesh, Bombay. 
 
 AYODHYANATH MISR SAMAVBDI, PANDIT, 
 
 Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 The title is personal (entitling the holder to take rank in Darbar immedi- 
 ately after Rajas), and was conferred on ist January 1890, for eminence in 
 oriental scholarship. 
 
 Residence. — Muzaffarpur, Bengal. • 
 
 AZAM AXiI, SAYYID, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd September 1853. 
 Residence. — Murshidabad, Bengal. 
 
 AZAM GAURISHANKAR UDBSHANKAR, C.S.I. 
 
 See Gaurishankar. 
 
38 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 ATIAM SHAH, Rdjd. 
 The title is hereditar)-. 
 Residir.ce. — Ndgpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 AZIM HUSAIN KHAN, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 30th July 1886, for dis- 
 tinguished military services. 
 
 Residence. — With 5th Punjab Cavalry-. 
 
 AZIM KHAN, KUNDI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Dera Ismail Khdn, Punjab. 
 
 AZIM -UD- DIN KHAN, General {of Rdmpur), Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1854. The title was conferred on ist January 1885. Is an 
 Umarkhel Pathan of the Yusufzai tribe of Afghans, descended from the old 
 family of the Nawabs of Najibabad. His grandfather, Nawdb Najib-ud- 
 daula, held the title of Amir-ul-Umara, and was Prime Minister at the Mughal 
 Imperial Court of Delhi. He succeeded his uncle, Nawdb Ali Asghar, Khdn 
 Bahadur, C.S.I. , as General Commanding the Ranipur State troops, and as 
 confidential vakil for the Court to the British Government. Is Vice-President 
 of the Council of Regency, Rdmpur State. 
 
 Residence. — Moradabad, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 AZIZ-ULLA, AKHDND (of Matare), Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title of Khan Bahddur is personal, and was conferred on 25 th 
 January 1865. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 AZMAT ALI KHAN (of Karnal), Nawdb Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1833. Is of a J.nt family, claiming descent from King Naushirwan, 
 who are styled Mandul Naushirwdni. Muhamdi Khan, great-grandfather of 
 Nawdb Azmat Ali Khdn, and his two brothers, were in the service of the 
 Mahrattas at the head of 200 horsemen, and were rewarded by a grant of 
 extensive lands in MuzafTamagar and elsewhere. During the Mahratta war, 
 Muhamdi Khdn aided the British forces ; and at its close exchanged his 
 lands in the Dodb for the Pargand of Karnal, one-third of which descended 
 to the ancestor of Nawdb Azmat Ali Khdn. During the disturbances of 
 1857, the Nawdb Ahmad Ali Khdn, father of the present Nawdb, most 
 loyally aided the Government with all his retainers ; and his services were 
 suitably recognised on the restoration of order. The present Nawdb formally 
 received that title in 186S ; and the further addition of Bahddur on ist 
 January 1891. 
 
 Residences. — Karndl, Punjab; and Jaroda, Muzaffarnagar, North - Western 
 Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 39 
 
 BA TU, MAUNG, Kyet Thaye zaung sMce Salwe ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty's reign. It means 
 " Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour," and is indicated by the letters 
 K.S.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Henzada, Burma. 
 
 BA U, MAUNG, Thuye-gaiing Ngweda ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty's reign. It means 
 " Recipient of the Silver Sword for Bravery," and is indicated by the letters 
 T.D.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Salwin, Burma. 
 
 BA WA, MAUNG, Kyet Thaye zaung shwe Salwe ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 29th May 1886. It means 
 " Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour," and is indicated by the letters 
 K.S.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Rangoon, Burma. 
 
 BABA KHEM SINGH, CLE. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, ist January 1879. 
 
 BAGHAL walad GHULAM NAJAF KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikirpur, Sind. 
 
 BACHITTAR SINGH (of Shdhabad), Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 BADAN SINGH (of Malaudh), Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditary, the Sardars of Malaudh (like those of Bhadaur) 
 being descendants of Phul, and therefore of the same stock with the Phulkian 
 Chiefs of Patiala, Jind, and Nabha. The family is Jat Sidhu, and conquered 
 the district of Malaudh from the Afghans of Maler Kotla in 1754. Sardar 
 Badan Singh's father was Sardar Mit Singh, who, with his brother Fateh 
 Singh, did good service during the war of 1845-46, supplying fifty horse- 
 men, and himself fighting in person at the battles of Mudki and Firuzshahr. 
 In 1857 he showed conspicuous loyalty, being always ready with men and 
 money to assist the Government ; he received as a reward the remission of 
 
40 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 a year's commutation money, while one-sLxteenth of the whole sum was 
 excused in perpetuity. In 1872, when Malaudh was attacked by the Kukas, 
 Sarddr Badan Singh was badly wounded by the rebels. 
 Residence. — Malaudh, Ludhidna, Punjab. 
 
 BADAR-I-MUNIR, SItdhzdda. 
 The title is personal, and was recognised 4th Februar)- 1853, the 
 Shdhzada being a descendant of the royal family of Kabul. 
 Residence. — Ludhidna, Punjab. 
 
 BADI-UD-DIN, KHWAJA, Khdn Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th February 1882. 
 Residence. — Bulddna, Bardr. 
 
 BADRI DAS, MUKIM, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Bom 1833. The title was conferred on ist January 1877, on the occasion 
 of the celebration of the Proclamation of Her Majesty as Empress of India. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 BADRI DAT TOSHI, PANDIT, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Born 4th October 1S30. The title is personal, and was conferred on 
 1 6th February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty. The Rai Bahadur's ancestor held the ofBce of 
 Minister of Kumaon in the time of the Chand and Gurkhd Raj. 
 
 Residence. — Kumaon, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 BAGHAL, RAJA DHTAN SINGH, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born about 1841 ; succeeded to the gadi 26th July 187S. Belongs to 
 a Puar Rdjput (Hindu) family, descended from Ujjab De, who came from 
 Ujjain, and conquered Baghal at an unknown date. The State was overrun 
 by the Gurkhas from Nepal between 1803 and 1S15 ; but after their expul- 
 sion in the latter year, the Puar chief (about twenty-fifth in descent from 
 Ujjab De) was recognised by Clovernment. Kishan Singh, who had been 
 raised to the rank of Rdja in 1875, died on 23rd July 1877, and was suc- 
 ceeded by his infant son, Rdjd Moti Singh ; but the latter also died on 12th 
 October 1877, when the present Rdjd, a collateral descendant of Ujjab De, 
 succeeded. The area of the State (which is one of the Simla Hill States) 
 is about 124 square miles; its population 20,633, chiefly Hindus. The 
 Rdjd maintains a military force of 150 infantry and i gun. 
 
 Residence. — Baghal, Punjab. 
 
 BAGHAL SINGH, Rai Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred on 24th .May 1S83. 
 Residence. — Sialkot, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 41 
 
 BAGHAT, RANA DALIP SINGH, Rd>id of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born i860; succeeded to thQ gadi on the 31st January 1862. Belongs 
 to a Rajput family, the ancestor of whom came from Dorar Nagri in the 
 Deccan, and acquired possession of the State by conquest. During the 
 Gurkha wars (1803-15) the conduct of the then chief, Rana Mohindar 
 Singh, had been unfriendly ; so on the expulsion of the Gurkhas, three- 
 fourths of the Baghat State was sold to Patiala for Rs. 1,30,000 and the 
 remaining fourth was granted to Rana Mohindar Singh and his heirs. He 
 died without issue on nth July 1839, and the State was at first treated as 
 lapsed; but in 1842 Lord Ellenborough restored it to Rana Bije Singh, 
 brother of Mohindar Singh. He died in January 1849, leaving no direct heir, 
 and the State was at first again treated as lapsed ; but in 1861 Lord Canning 
 restored it, for good and loyal conduct, to Umaid Singh, a cousin of the late 
 Rana. But before the sanad conferring the grant could be prepared, Umaid 
 Singh died, and his last request was that his son Dalip Singh might succeed 
 him. In January 1862 a sanad was granted to Rana Dalip Singh. The 
 area of the State (which is one of the Simla Hill States) is about 60 square 
 miles; its population 8339, chiefly Hindus. The Rana maintains a military 
 force of 25 soldiers. 
 
 Residence. — Baghat, Punjab. 
 
 BAGLI, THAKUR RAGHUNATH SINGH, Thdhir of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 The Thakur is descended from a Rahtor Rajput family (Hindu). He 
 was born i860 ; and succeeded to the ^a^/ in January 1869. The State is 
 enclosed within that of Gwalior, so that its exact area is not known. Its 
 population is 14,645, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Bagli, Indore, Central India. 
 
 BAHADUR ALI KHAN, Nawdb Bahadur. 
 
 The Nawab Bahadur is the son of the Nawab Amir Ali Khan, who was 
 the grandson of His late Majesty Shuja-ud-daula, King of Oudh. 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 BAHADUR SINGH, THAKUR, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title was conferred on ist January 1877, on the occasion of the 
 Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. 
 Residence. — Masuda, Ajmir. 
 
 BAHAR MAL, Rao. 
 The title was conferred on ist January 1877, on the occasion of the 
 Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. 
 Residence. — Merwara. 
 
42 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BAHAWALPUR, HIS HIGHNESS RUKN-UD-DAULA NASRAT 
 JANG HAFIZ-UL-MULK MUKHLIS-UD-DAULA NAWAB 
 SIR SADIK MUHAMMAD KHAN BAHADUR, G.C.S.I., 
 
 Nawdb of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born in 1862 ; succeeded to \!n& gadi in 1866. Belongs to a Daudputra 
 (Muhammadan) family, whose ancestor came from Sind about the middle 
 of the 18th centur)'. Muhammad Sadik Khan was Governor of Bahawalpur 
 under the Sikh Government ; and the chiefs of his clan retained virtual 
 independence till his second son, the Nawdb Bahdwal Khan I., reduced the 
 whole tribe, and consolidated his power. By the treaties of Lahore between 
 the British Government and the Maharajd Ranjit Singh, the latter was con- 
 fined to the right bank of the Satlej ; and thereby Bahiwalpur was protected 
 from the Sikhs. The Nawdb rendered faithful assistance to the Government 
 in the first Afghan war; and during the siege of Multdn the troops of 
 Bahdwal Khdn III. co-operated with Sir Herbert Edwardes. Bahdwal Khdn 
 III. was succeeded by his younger son, Saddat Yar Khan ; but the latter was 
 subsequently deposed by his elder brother, Haji Khdn, who after his victory 
 assumed the name of Fateh Muhammad Khdn. He died in 1S58, and was 
 succeeded by his son, who assumed the name of Bahdwal Khdn IV. He 
 had to face some serious rebellions, and died suddenly in 1866, leaving his 
 son, the present Nawdb, a boy of only four years old, in a difficult and 
 dangerous position. It was resolved, however, by the Paramount Power, that 
 the young Nawdb should be supported ; and during his minority the adminis- 
 tration was placed in British hands, native officers being appointed, so that 
 there might be no break in continuity of system on the Nawdb's coming of 
 age. Since then vast improvements have been made in the irrigation system 
 of the country, which depends upon inundation canals for the greater part of 
 its cultivation. Existing works have been entirely remodelled, and new 
 canals constructed in several parts of the territory, the result of which is that 
 the revenues have nearly doubled. Courts of Justice have been established, 
 under the general control of a Chief Court, presided over by three native 
 gentlemen, and are highly popular. A system of Public Instruction, com- 
 prising primary, middle, and superior education, has been set on foot ; a 
 central jail has been built, and the prison system greatly improved. Three 
 new towns have been founded. A stud farm for improving the breed of 
 horses has been started, and the extensive jungles have been placed under 
 the scientific supervision of a trained Forest Conservator. The area of the 
 State is 17,285 square miles; its population is 573,494, chiefly Muhamma- 
 dans, with 91,272 Hindus. His Highness the Nawdb Bahddur maintains a 
 military force of 443 cavalry, 1352 infantry, and 11 guns, and is entitled to 
 a salute of i 7 guns. He was created a Knight Grand Commander of the 
 Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, 16th November 1880. 
 
 Residences. — The Palace, Bahdwalpur, Punjab ; Bahdwalpur House, Lahore. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 43 
 
 BAI (INDORB), THAKUR MANRUP SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Thdkur is descended from a Rajput (Hindu) family, and succeeded 
 to the gaifi in 1S80. 
 
 Residence. — Bai, Indore, Central India. 
 
 BAIDYANATH PANDIT, Rdjd. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1889. 
 Residence. — Cuttack, Bengal. 
 
 BAIKANTHA NATH DB, Kumar, Rdjd Bahadur. 
 The title was conferred on ist January 1889. 
 Residence. — Balasor, Bengal. 
 
 BAIKANTHPUR, RAIKAT FANINDRA DEB, Raikat of. 
 
 This is one of those customary titles (of which there are many, especially 
 in Bengal) which have never been ofificially recognised by Government, and 
 which consequently must, for the present, be regarded as only courtesy titles. 
 The family is said to be descended from a brother of the founder of the 
 Kuch Behar Raj; and the title "Raikat," which is of high antiquity, has 
 been held to indicate that the early Raikats of Baikanthpur were Prime 
 Ministers and Commanders-in-Chief of the Kamrup kingdom, of which Kuch 
 Behar was an important part. The present Raikat is stated to be the 
 twentieth in succession who has inherited the title ; and during the last 
 Bhutan war the family rendered good service to Government. 
 
 Residence. — Baikanthpur, Jalpaiguri, Bengal. 
 
 BAIKUNTA NARAYAN SINGH, Rdjd. 
 
 This is one of the titles that appear never to have been formally recog- 
 nised by Government. The Raja is the Zaminddr of Tundi in Manbhum. 
 The family claims to be of Surya Vansa Rajput descent, and to have come from 
 Ajudhya. They have the following system of titles for the various members 
 of the family of the Zaminddr or proprietor of the Rdj. For the head of 
 the family, Rdjd ; for his wife, Rani. 
 
 1st son 
 
 
 Tikait. 
 
 1st son's ist son 
 
 . Thdkur 
 
 2nd son 
 
 
 Kumdr. 
 
 „ „ 2nd son 
 
 Kumir 
 
 3rd son 
 
 , 
 
 Thdkur. 
 
 „ „ 3rd son 
 
 Nunu. 
 
 4th son 
 
 
 Nunu. 
 
 
 
 5 th and 
 
 younger sons 
 
 Bdbu. 
 
 
 
 For a similar system prevailing in the Nawagarh family, see under 
 Banwari Lai Singh, Raja. 
 
 Residence. — Tundi, Minbhum, Bengal. 
 
44 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BAISNI (of Khimsipur), Thakurani. 
 
 The title of Rao is hereditary in this bdy's family. 
 Residence. — Farrukhabad, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 BAJANA, MALEK NASIB KHANJI DARTYA KHANJI, 
 
 Tdlukddr of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Bom 14th May 1820; succeeded to the gadi 23rd April 1841. 
 Descended from a family of Jat Musalmans ; is usually styled " Malek Shri." 
 His son is named Jiwan Khan. The area of the State is 183 square miles; 
 its population 15,877, partly Hindu, partly Muhammadan. The Malek Shri 
 maintains a military force of 60 cavalry and 230 infantr}-. 
 
 Residence. — Bajdna, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 BAKAR ALI KHAN, SAYYID, CLE. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, ist January 1883. 
 Residence. — 
 
 BAKAR MIRZA, Mirza Bahddur. 
 
 The Mirza Bahddur is a son of the Nawab Mumtiz-ud-dauld, who was a 
 grandson of His late Majesty Muhammad Ali Shah, King of Oudh. 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 BAKASREI, Diu'dn, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 21st June 1872. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 BAKHSHI KHOMAN SINGH (of Indore), C.S.I. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most E.xalted Order of the Star of 
 India, ist January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. 
 
 Residence. — Indore, Central India. 
 
 BAKHSHISH SINGH, SINDHANWALIA, Sarddr. 
 
 The Sardir succeeded Sardar Shamshcr Singh (who had adopted him as 
 a scion of the same family, with the consent of Government) on the death 
 of the latter in 1873. 1 he Sindhinwalia family, Jats of the Sansi tribe, is 
 the acknowledged head of all Sikh families between the Bias and the Indus ; 
 and is descended from the same stock as the late Maharaja Raiijit Singh of 
 I^ihorc. The common ancestor, Budh Singh, had two sons, Chanda Singh 
 and Jodh Singh ; the latter was the forefather of the late Royal family of 
 Lahore, while from the former descended Sarddr Shamsher Singh and the 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 45 
 
 Sindhanwalia family. On the occasion of the rebelhon of Diwan Mul Raj, 
 Sardar Shamsher Singh remained faithful to the British Government, and in 
 December 1846 he was appointed a member of the Council of Regency. 
 On the final annexation of the Punjab his ja^^irs were continued to him for 
 life, and in 1862 he was appointed an Honorary Magistrate, and was per- 
 mitted to adopt the present Sardar, a large portion of his jdgirs to descend 
 in perpetuity, and the title to be hereditary. 
 Residence. — Rdjd Sansi, Amritsar, Punjab. 
 
 BAKHSHISH SINGH, Kunwdr. 
 
 The title is personal. 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 BAKHTAWAR SINGH, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Is a Court Official of the Mewar State (Udaipur), Rajputana. Received 
 the title as a personal distinction on 25th May 1892. 
 
 Residence. — Udaipur, Rdjputdna. 
 
 BAKHTGARH (Bhop^war), THAKUR PARTAB SINGH, 
 
 Thdkiir of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Thakur was born in 1S63, and succeeded to the gadi in 1869. He 
 is descended from a Rajput (Hindu) family. The population of the State is 
 8258, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Bakhtgarh, Bhopdwar, Central India. 
 
 BAKHTIYAR SHAH, Prince. 
 
 The title is a courtesy one. His father. Prince Anwar Shah, was a 
 member of the Tippu family of Mysore, and grandson of Tippu Sultan. 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 BAL MUKAND, RAI, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 5th November 1834. The title is personal, and ivas conferred on 
 i6th February 1887, the Rai Bahadur having received a Certificate of Honour 
 at the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi in 1877. His ancestors (who were 
 Khattris) came from the Punjab about 300 years ago, and became mer- 
 chants at Agra. He did good service in the Mutiny of 1857, by saving 
 some of the records of the Agra Board of Revenue; and in 1866 was 
 appointed a permanent Deputy Collector. 
 
 Residence. — Agra, North-Western Provinces. 
 
46 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 B AT. PARUSHURAM PANDIT, Rao Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 30th March 1870. 
 Residence. — Satara, Bombay. 
 
 BALA PARSHAD, PANDIT, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 16th Februar)' 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty the 
 Empress. The Rai Bah.idur had done good service in the Rajputana-Malwa 
 Railway Police, and retired on pension on ist November 1891. He has no 
 son; his brothers are Pandit Manik Parshad of Indore, born 1851; and 
 Pandit Kalika Parshdd of the Bombay Police (retired in 1891), born 1857. 
 
 Residence. — Rdjput.4na-M.-ilwd Railway Police. 
 
 BALA SHASTRI AGASB, Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 16th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty the 
 Empress, in recognition of eminence in oriental scholarship. It entitles him 
 to take rank in Darbar immediately after titular Rajas. 
 
 Residence. — Ratnagiri, Bombay. 
 
 BALAJI KRISHNA BENDIGERI, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 29th May 1886. 
 Residence. — Belgaum, Bombay. 
 
 BALASINOR, NAWAB MUNAWAR KHANJI, Bdbi of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1 844 ; succeeded his father, Nawab Jorawar Khanji Babi, in 
 November 1882. This family is Pathan (Muhammadan), claiming descent 
 from Sher Khanji Babi, son of Bahadur Khanji Babi, a distinguished officer 
 in the Imperial Service of Delhi. The area of the State is 189 square miles ; 
 its population 46,328, chiefly Hindus. The Nawab Babi maintains a 
 military force of 60 cavalry, 177 infantr}-, and 5 guns, and is entitled to a 
 salute of 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Balasinor, Rewd Kdntha, Rombay. 
 
 BALAVADRA PRASAD DAS, Rdjkumdr Bairiganjon Bhuyan 
 
 Ma/tdpatra. 
 
 This is one of the titles that seem never to have been formally recognised 
 by the Government. The family belongs to the Ganga I'ansa, the ancient race 
 of the Gajapati kings of Orissa, from whom the title was derived. The Raj- 
 kumar has done good .service by providing elephants for Government in time 
 of war. His eldest son, whose name is Umakanta Das Mahapatra, bears the 
 title of Tikait Bdhu ; the younger sons — Bisambhar Das, Nityananda Das, 
 Sachidananda IXds, Achutananda Dds — are all styled Bdbu. 
 
 Residence. — Balason, Orissa. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 47 
 
 BALBAHADUR SINGH, Jidjd. 
 The title is hereditary, and was conferred on ist January 18S6. 
 Residence. — Raigarh, Central India. 
 
 BALBIR SINGH (of Kattahr), Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Kdngra, Punjab. 
 
 BALDEO SINGH (of Awa), Rdjd. 
 
 Born loth July 1S50. The title is hereditar)', the tradition being that 
 it was originally conferred by the Maharana of Udaipur. Belongs to a family 
 of Jadon Rajputs, descended from Thakur Chatarbhuj, a Zainiuddr of Nari 
 in the Chhata Pargana, who, in the time of Muhammad Shah (1719-48), 
 settled at Jalesar. His grandson, Bakht Singh, gave military service to the 
 Maharaja of Bharatpur and the Thakur of Amargarh, and gradually estab- 
 lished himself as an independent Chief. Finally he obtained a sanad from 
 the Mahrattas, authorising him to build a fort at Awa ; and his successor, 
 Hira Singh, built the/ existing fort. In the Mahratta war Hira Singh was 
 able to render some service to the British Power; and consequently in 1803 
 obtained from General Lake a sanad confirming him in possession. He was 
 succeeded by his son, Pitambar Singh, \yho is said to have been recognised 
 as a Raja by Lord Auckland in 1838. Pitambar Singh adopted from the 
 descendants of the younger brother of Bakht Singh, Raja Prithvi Singh. 
 The latter did excellent service during the Mutiny ; he raised horse and foot, 
 attacked the insurgent villages, restored the whole of the neighbourhood to 
 order, collected the revenue, and remitted it to Agra. " In fact," to quote 
 the Report of the District Officer, " he held the country till the taking of 
 Delhi, and the arrival of our own troops enabled us to resume possession." 
 He died in 1876, leaving one son. Raja Chatarpal Singh, a minor. The 
 latter died in 18S4, and was succeeded by his cousin, the present Raja. 
 
 Residence. — Awa, Etah, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 BALIKRAM, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist April 1881. 
 Residence. — Bulddna, Berar. 
 
 BALKISHAN AMAR SINGH, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 25th June 18S4. 
 Residence. — Ndsik, Bombay. 
 
 BALLABH DAS, Rai Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 3rd February 1883. 
 Residence. — Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
48 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BALSAN, RANA BIR SINGH, Jidnd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born i860; succeeded to the gadi 17th November 1884. Belongs to 
 a Rajput (Hindu) family, his ancestor, Alak Singh, the founder of the family, 
 having been a scion of the ruling House of Sirmur. The Chiefs of Balsan 
 were feudatories of Sirmur till 181 5, when a. sa;tat/ was granted by the British 
 Government. Bhup Singh, the grandfather and predecessor of the present 
 Chief, did good service in the Mutiny of 1857, and was rewarded with the 
 title of Rand. His son, the Kunwar Govardhan Singh, predeceased him ; so 
 he was succeeded by his grandson, the present Rana. The area of the State 
 (which is one of the Simla Hill States) is 51 miles; its population is 5190, 
 chiefly Hindus. The Rand maintains a military force of 50 infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Balsan, Punjab. 
 
 BALUCH KHAN, Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Baluchistan. 
 
 BALWANT RAO (of Karwi), Rao. 
 
 Born 1828. The title is hereditary. Is a Mahratta Brahman, the grand- 
 son by adoption of Venaik Rao, who was the son of Amrit Rao, brother of 
 the last I'eshwd, Baji Rao. His two uncles joined in the rebellion of 1857, 
 and their estates were confiscated, and themselves deported. But Balwant 
 Rao proved his loyalty, and is now the head of the family at Karwi. He 
 has adopted a son, Moreshwar Rao, born 17th August 1872. 
 
 Residence. — Karwi, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 BALWANT RAO BHUSKUTE, Rao Salub. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Nim.ir, Central Provinces. 
 
 BALWANT RAO GOPAL JAVDEKAR, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 31st January 1883. 
 Residence. — Poona, Bombay. 
 
 BALWANT SINGH (of Bir Chima), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Sarddr being the head of the younger branch 
 of the Phulkian family of Malaudh (sec Badan Singh, Sarddr), descended from 
 Phul, the common ancestor of the Houses of Patidla, Jind, Nabha, and 
 Bhadaur. He is the son of the late Sarddr Hakikat Singh of Bir. On the 
 death of his brother, Ranjit Singh, he succeeded to the Bir estate, having 
 before held that of Chima only. He is an Honorary Magistrate, and did 
 excellent service in the troubled times of 1857. 
 
 Resilience. — Ludhidna, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 49 
 
 BALWANT SINGH (of Botala), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Sardar being a descendant of Dhanna Singh, 
 who was an associate of Sardar Jodh Singh, great-grandfather of Maharaja 
 Ranjit Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Gujrdnwdia, Punjab. 
 
 BALWANT SINGH (of Rangarh Nangal), Sardar. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Sardar being descended from a Rajput family 
 whose ancestor came originally from Bikanir, and founded Rangarh Nangal 
 in the Gurdaspur district, Punjab. Sardar Karam Singh was the head of the 
 family in the time of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh ; and when the latter seized 
 Lahore and Amritsar, Karam Singh gave in his allegiance. His grandson, 
 Sardar Argan Singh, served in the battle of Sobraon. During the rebellion 
 of 1848 he joined the rebels, and his estates were confiscated. A consider- 
 able pension was subsequently granted to him. The late Raja of Nabha was 
 a second cousin of Sardar Balwant Singh, as Sardar Argan Singh's sister 
 married Raja Devindra Singh, Chief of Nabha. 
 
 Residence. — Gurdispur, Punjab. 
 
 BALWANT SINGH (of Barehta), Thdkur. 
 
 Born 1836. The title is hereditary, the ancestors of the Thdkur having 
 been in the Narsinghpur district from time immemorial, and long known for 
 their loyalty ; it was originally conferred by one of the ancient Gond Rajas 
 of Mandla. Belongs to a Raj Gond family ; his son is named Barilol 
 Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Barehta, Narsinghpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 BALWANT SINGH (of Piprasur), Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Raja being the son of the Raja Anrudh Singh, 
 and descended from Debi Singh, Raja of Orchha. 
 
 Residence. — Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 BAMANBOR, The Chief of . 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 The area of the State is 12 square miles, with a population of 987. 
 Residence. — Bamanbor, Kdthiiwdr, Bombay. 
 
 BAMBO KHAN, /dm. See Bhambo Khan, /dm. 
 
 E 
 
50 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BAMRA, RAJA SUDHAL DEO, C.I.B., Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born about 1849; succeeded to the gadi on 12th May 1869. Is 
 descended from a Gangabansi Rajput family, from the same stock as that of 
 the Gajpati Rajas of Puri in Orissa, which acquired the Bamra territory by 
 conquest in early times. He was created a Companion of the Most Eminent 
 Order of the Indian Empire, ist Januarj' 1889. The Raja's son, Sachidan- 
 and, bears the courtesy title of Tikait Babu. The area of the State is 1 988 
 square miles; and its population is 81,286, many Hindus, but with over 
 50,000 belonging to Abor (aboriginal) tribes. 
 
 Residence. — Bamra, Central Provinces. 
 
 BANGANAPALE, NAWAB SAYYID FATH ALI KHAN 
 BAHADUR, C.S.I., .Xaivdb of. 
 
 .\ Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born loth July 1848; succeeded to the gadi in 1868. Is a Shiah 
 Muhammadan, and a Sayyid (or descendant of the Prophet). He was 
 created a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, ist 
 January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most (}racious 
 Majesty as Empress of India. The family held an ancient title, Jagirdar of 
 Banganapalc ; the title of Nawab was conferred in 1876. His son is named 
 Sayyid Gulam Ali Khan. The area of the State is 166 square miles; its 
 population 30,754, chiefly Hindus, the Muhammadans being 5952. The 
 Chief has a salute of 6 guns. 
 
 Residcme. — Banganapale, Madras. 
 
 BANSDA, MAHARAWAL SHRI PRATAPSINGHJI 
 GULABSINGHJI, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 6th December 1863; succeeded to the gadi on the 6th March 
 1876. The family is Solanki Rajput (Hindu), and is styled "Vansdia"; it 
 is descended from a chieftain of ancient times named Muldeoji. The area of 
 the State is 2 1 5 square miles ; its population is 34,908, chiefly Hindus. The 
 Maharawal maintains a military force of 24 cavalry, 1 1 1 infantry, and i 
 gun, and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Hansda, Sural, Bombay. 
 
 BANSPAT SINGH (of Barah), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1834. The title was conferred as a personal distinction on 30th 
 November 1858, for eminent services rendered during the Mutiny, the Raj.i 
 having loyally sui)ported the police, escorted the revenue-collections during 
 the disturbances, and proceeded in December 1857 with 1000 followers to 
 rid Pargand Kh.iiragarh of a formidable hand of rebels who had gathered 
 there. Is descended from the same ancestry as His Highness the .Maharaja 
 of Rewah, and belongs to a Baghel R.-ijput family. 
 
 Residence. — Barah, Allahabad, North-Western Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 51 
 
 BANSWARA, HIS HIGHNESS RAI-I-RAYAN MAHARAWAL 
 SRI LACHMAN SINGH BAHADUR, Mahdrdwal of. 
 
 Born 30th January 183S; succeeded to the gadi in 1842. Is a 
 descendant (through the Maharawal Udai Singh of Dungarpur, q.v.) of the 
 Maharanas of Udaipur (" Children of the Sun "), and consequently a Sisodiya 
 Rajput. Udai Singh, Maharawal of Dungarpur, gave the territory of 
 Banswara to his younger son Jagmal Singh, with the title of Maharawal. 
 The area of the State (including that of its feudatory Kusalgarh) is about 
 1500 square miles; its population 175,145, chiefly Hindus, but with about 
 50,000 Bhils (aboriginal). The Maharawal maintains a military force of 
 640 cavalry, 783 infantry, and 14 guns. His Highness is entitled to a 
 salute of 1 5 guns. His son is the Maharaj-Kunwar Sambhu Singh Bahadur. 
 
 Residence. — Bdnswdra, Rdjputdna. 
 
 BANTWA (GIDAR), SAMAT KHAN BABI, Khan of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 Born 1854; descended from a Pathan (Muhammadan) family. 
 Residence. — Gidar, Kithidwir, Bombay. 
 
 BANTWA (MANAWADAR), KHAN SHRI FATHBH-UD-DIN 
 
 KHANJI, A7idn of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1835 ; succeeded to the gcidi 28th March 1888. There are now 
 four divisions of the Bantwa State; the united area is 221 square miles, the 
 united population 38,517, chiefly Hindus. The Chief of Bantwa has the 
 title of Khan Shri ; his family name is Babi. 
 
 Residence. — Manawadar, Kithiiwdr, Bombay. 
 
 BANWARI ANANDA DEB, MahdrdJ Kumar. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on the Maharaj Kumar as the 
 adopted son of the late Maharaja Jagatindra Banwari Govinda Bahadur of 
 Banwaribad, who rendered good service during the famine of 1866-67. The 
 Maharaja Jagatindra's father, Nityananda, received from the old Mughal 
 Government the title of " Azimat-ullah Amir-ul-Mulk Jagatindra Danishnanda 
 Sipahdar Jang Bahadur." 
 
 Residence. — Murshidabad, Bengal. 
 
 BANWARI LAL SINGH, Kdjd. 
 
 This is one of the titles that appear never to have been formally 
 recognised by Government. The family claims that its ancestor came from 
 Baghelkhand, and set up the Raj of Palganj in Hazaribagh ; and that a 
 branch of this family obtained the Zaviinddri of Nawagarh in Manbhum, 
 
52 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 part of which is held by the present Rdja, part by Thakur Giridhdri Singh, 
 and pan by the Thakurdni, widow of Thakur Bhola Prasad Singh. In Raja 
 Banwari Lai Singh's branch of the family the following titles are held : — by 
 the head, Rdjd ; by his wife, Rani; by the eldest son, Tikait ; by the 
 second son, Kumdr ; by the third son, Thakur ; by the fourth son, Nunu ; 
 by the fifth and younger sons. Balm. 
 
 Residence. — Nawdgarh, Mdnbhum, Bengal. 
 
 BANYIN, KUN SAW, Myoza of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Myoza is one of the Shan Chiefs, and rules over a State of about 
 230 square miles. 
 
 Residence. — Banyin, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 BAONI, Jlis Highness the Nawdb Bahddur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Nawdb was born in 1863 ; and succeeded to the gadi on the sth 
 October 18S3. He is descended from a Pathan (Muhammadan) family of 
 Bundclkhand ; and his full titles are — "His Highness Azam-ul-Umara, 
 Fakhr-ud-daula, Main-ul-Mulk, Saheb-i-Jah, Mihin Sardrir, Nawdb Muhammad 
 Hasan Khan Bahadur, Zafar Jang." His ancestor, the Nawdb Ghdzi-ud-din 
 Khan, at one time Minister at the Imperial Court of the Mughals, was 
 grandson of Asaf Jah, Niz;im of Hyderabad, and was also connected with the 
 family of the Nawdb Vazir of Oudh. He obtained a grant of fifty-two villages 
 from the Peshwa in Bundelkhand. His son, the Nawdb Vazir-ud-dauld 
 Khan, was recognised as Chief by the British Government. The grandson 
 of the latter was the Nawdb Muhammad Mehdi Hasan Khan, the father of 
 the present Nawdb. 
 
 The family banner was displayed at the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi in 
 1877, with the motto, "The authority is God's, and the country is God's." 
 The area of the State is about 117 square miles; its population is 17,055, 
 chiefly Hindus, but with 2342 Muhammadans. The Nawdb Bahddur 
 maintains a military force of 9 cavalry, 185 infantry, and 2 guns. He is 
 entitled to a salute of 1 1 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Baoni, Bundclkhand, Central India. 
 
 BAPU DEVA SHASTRI, C.I.E., Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 Born I St November 1S21. The title is personal. It was conferred on 
 1 6th February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of 
 Her Most Gracious Majesty the Empress, in consideration of emin- 
 ence as an oriental scholar ; and it entitles him to take rank in Darbdr 
 immediately after titular Rdjd.s. Belongs to a Mahratta Brdhman family, 
 long settled, in a good position as bankers and men learned in Hindi 
 theology, at Tonka on the Goda\-ari in the ^Vlimadabad district. Educated 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 53 
 
 at Nagpur ; became Professor of Mathematics in the Benares College in 
 1842. In 1852, received a reward of Rs.2000 from Government for a 
 Hindi treatise on algebra, and in 1869 a khilat of Rs. 1000 and two shawls. 
 Is a Fellow of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, of the Royal Asiatic Society, 
 and of the Calcutta and Allahabad Universities. Is the author of many 
 works on Sanskrit literature and mathematics; and in 1878 was created a 
 Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire. 
 Residence. — Benares, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 BAPU RAO PATWARDHAN, PANDIT, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 188S. 
 Residence. — Nigpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 BAPUBHAI DAYASHANKAR, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 17th July 1867. 
 Residence. — Ahmadabad, Bombay. 
 
 L 
 
54 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BARAMBA, RAJA BISAMBHAR BIRBAR MANGRAJ 
 MAHAP ATTAR, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1880; succeeded to the gadi 15th July 1881, and is still a minor. 
 The Raja is descended from a Kshatriya (Hindu) family. The histor)- of 
 the Baramba State commences from the year 1305 a.d., with Hatakeshwar 
 Raut, a famous wrestler, who served Kishori Narsingh, the ruler of Orissa, 
 and in recognition of his valour was presented with two villages (by name 
 Sonkha and Mohuri) on the north bank of the Mahdnadi river, three miles 
 south of the jiresent Baramba headquarters. These two villages were then 
 owned and inhabited by Kandhs. Hatakeshwar drove them away to about 
 four miles north and settled in Baramba, which has since been the residence 
 of all his successors up to the present time. The two villages, Sonkha and 
 Mohuri, which were close to one another, have since been amalgamated into 
 one, and are known by the name of Sonkhameri. It is difficult to ascertain 
 what was the area of the two villages when they were presented by the 
 Orissa ruler, but in all probability it never exceeded four square miles. The 
 founder, however, extended the limit of his possession to about eight square 
 miles before he died, leaving his younger brother, Malakeshwar Raut, to 
 succeed him. 
 
 The second Chief, Malakeshwar Raut, who reigned eighteen years, ex- 
 tended the limit of the State to Ogalpore, about three miles west of Sonk- 
 hameri, and five miles south-west of Baramba. He discovered the temple 
 of the goddess Votaika or Bruhadamba or Bodama at Ogalpore, and out of 
 respect for this goddess named the State after her. Jambeshwar Raut, the 
 fourth Chief, who reigned from 1375 a.d. to 14 16, conquered the Kandh 
 Chief of Kharod, eight miles north-west of Baramba, and annexed his posses- 
 sion (about twenty scjuare miles), thus raising the area of the State to about 
 thirty-six square miles. The fifth Chief, Bholeshwar Raut, conquered the 
 Khandayat or Chief of Amatia, six miles west of Baramba, and extended the 
 limit of the State to Ratapat, eight miles west of the headquarters, and the 
 present boundary between the Baramba and Narsinghpur States. It was 
 during the reign of this Chief, who reigned for forty-three years (from 
 1 4 16 A.D. to 1459), that the farthest western limit of the State was reached. 
 His successors increased their possessions to the east of the headquarters, 
 but made no attempt to extend the State farther on the west. Kanhu Raut, 
 the sixth Chief, reigned for fifty-five years (from 1459 a.d. to 1514), and 
 extended the limit of the State to Mohulia, about five miles east of Baramba. 
 Nabin Raut, the ninth Chief, reigned for twenty-three years (from 1537 a.d. 
 to 1560). During his reign the State attained its largest limit, from Ratapat 
 in the west to Bidharpur in the east, eighteen miles, and from the range of 
 hills separating Hindol from Haramba to the banks of the Mahdnadi, about 
 eight and a half miles, and this is the present limit of the State. In the 
 reign of the twelfth Chief, Krishna Chandra Mangrdj, who ruled from 
 163s A.n. to 1650, the .Mahratt.as invaded the country, but the Chief acknow- 
 ledged their supremacy, and was required to pay a tribute of 6335 kahans of 
 cowries per annum. I'admanava Birbar Mangraj Mahapatra, the seventeenth 
 Chief of the .State, was a very weak ruler, who reigned from 1748 a.d. to 
 1793. During the first part of his reign the Rdjd of Khandpara invaded the 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA S; 
 
 State, drove out the Chief, and remained in possession of it for nearly 
 thirteen months. Raja Padmanava sought for and obtained the assistance 
 of the Raja of Khurda, and recovered possession of the State. During the 
 latter part of his reign, in the year 1775, the Rcija of Narsinghpur invaded the 
 State, and took possession of two of its important forts, Kharad and Ratapat. 
 The Raja was powerless to expel the invaders, so he appealed to the Mah- 
 rattas, and with their assistance and intercession was able to regain possession 
 of the forts. It seems that the Mughals never exercised direct supremacy 
 over the Chiefs of this State. The Mahrattas, however, did so, and 
 there are letters extant which show that they fixed the annual tribute 
 of the State from the year 1183 to 1185 Amli, and collected the same 
 directly from the Chiefs. There are also three other old letters of 
 interest in the records. In one of these the Mahrattas intimate their 
 having recovered the Ratapat Gur from the Narsinghpur Raja ; in another 
 they required the presence of the Baramba Raja to settle a boundary 
 dispute between Baramba and Narsinghpur ; the third is addressed to the 
 Raja of Narsinghpur, and contains the decision of the Mahratta Govern 
 ment regarding the possession of Kharad and Ratapat. The area of the 
 State (which is one of the Orissa Tributary Mahals) is about 134 square 
 miles; its population 29,772, chiefly Hindus, but with over 3000 belonging 
 to aboriginal tribes. The Raja maintains a military force of 709 infantry 
 and 3 guns. The family emblem is a leopard. 
 
 Residence. — Baramba, Orissa. 
 
56 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BARAUNDHA, RAJA THAKUR PRASAD SINGH, Rdjd 
 
 Bahadur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born in 1847 ; succeeded to the gadi on the i8th August 1886. Is a 
 Raghubansi Rajput, descended from a family of the highest antiquity in 
 Central India. Thirty-four generations are said to have ruled at Rusin in 
 the Banda district ; then four more at Birgarh in the territory still belonging 
 to the family ; four more at Murfa, partly in Banda and partly in this terri- 
 tory. Then the Raja Mohan Singh came to Baraundha, and ruled there, 
 and obtained a sanad from the British Government in 1807. His son ruled 
 at Paturkuchar, and two more generations. Then the Raja Ragbirdayal, 
 father of the present Rajri, ruled partly at Paturkuchar, partly at Baraundha, 
 and received the additional title of " Bahadur " on the occasion of the 
 Imperial Assemblage at Delhi in 1877. The area of the State is 239 
 square miles; its population is 17,283, chiefly Hindus. The Raja Bahadur 
 maintains a military force of 15 cavalry, 75 infantry, and 6 guns, and is 
 entitled to a salute of 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Baraundha, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 BAJIDIA, J^ao of. See Barra. 
 
 BARIYA, MAHARAWAL SHRI MANSINGHJI, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 4th October 1S55 ; succeeded to the gadi 5th March 1864. 
 Descended (like the Chiefs of Chhota Udaipur) from a Chauhan Rajput (Hindu) 
 family, sprung from Patai Rawal, the last Chauhan Chief of Champanir. The 
 area of the State is 873 square miles ; its population is 66,822, chiefly Hindus. 
 The Maharawal maintains a military force of 38 cavalry, 250 infantry, and 
 3 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Bariya, Rewd Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 BARJORJI DORABJI PATEL, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1889. 
 Residence. — Quetta, Baluchistan. 
 
 BARJORJI RUSTAMJI, MISTRY, K/idn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 57 
 
 BARODA, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA SAYAJI RAO III, 
 G.C.S.I., Malidrdjd Gaekwdr of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief, and one of the Premier Princes of the Empire. 
 
 Born 17th March 1863; succeeded to the gadi on the 27th May 1875. 
 The Gaekwar's full titles are — His Highness Farzand-i-Khas-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia 
 Maharaja Sayaji Rao Gaekwar Sena Khas Khel Shamsher Bahadur, 
 Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. 
 He is the descendant of the famous Mahratta leader, Damaji Gaekwar, who 
 obtained from the Shahu Rajd of Satara the title of Shamsher Bahadur for 
 his bravery at the battle of Ballapur, fought against the Imperial forces of 
 Delhi at the close of the 17th century. Damaji Gaekwar died in 1721, and 
 was succeeded by his nephew and adopted son Pilaji Gaekwar, who obtained 
 from the Shahu Raja the additional title of Sem Khas Khel (see Introduction, 
 § 1 1) on the conclusion of the wars with the Peshwa. Pilaji was assassinated in 
 I 731, and was succeeded by his son Damaji II. ; who, during a period of about 
 forty years of almost incessant warfare, played a most prominent part in the 
 history of India, and firmly established the Gaekwari power throughout 
 Gujarat and the neighbouring districts of Western India. In 1732, the same 
 year in which his father was murdered by a Mughal emissary, he reconquered 
 the capital of Gujarat, Baroda, from the Mughal Viceroy ; and that city has 
 been the capital of the Gaekwars ever since. He commanded a division at 
 the great and decisive battle of Panipat in 1761. He invaded Kathiawar, 
 and forced many of its princes to pay him tribute ; he conquered the ancient 
 city of Anhalwara Patan, and also Ahmadabad, the old capital of Gujarat. 
 After his death, his two sons Govind Rao and Fatheh Singh became 
 Gaekwars in succession ; and the latter was succeeded by Ananda Rao, a 
 son of Govind Rao Gaekwar. In 1803 a Treaty was concluded with the 
 British Power, under which a British Resident was appointed to the Court of 
 Baroda, and provision was made for the maintenance of a strong subsidiary 
 force. Ananda Rao was succeeded by Sayaji Rao I., whose reign was long 
 and on the whole prosperous ; and he was followed by three of his sons in 
 turn, Ganpat Rao Gaekwar, Khande Rao Gaekwar, and Mulhar Rao 
 Gaekwar. His Highness Khande Rao Gaekwar rendered loyal service to 
 the Government at the time of the Mutiny. But the rule of his successor 
 was disgraced by misgovernment ; and it terminated in his deposition under 
 painful circumstances. After these misfortunes, the Paramount Power exer- 
 cised the greatest care and diligence in seeking out, from among the 
 scions of the Gaekwari family and the descendants of Pilaji, a successor 
 to the gadi., who should be in every way well fitted to discharge the duties 
 of that exalted station. Their care has been amply rewarded ; for, by the 
 consent of the whole world, it would be impossible to find a ruler more 
 devoted to the welfare of his subjects, or one better qualified to do credit 
 to the Imperial choice, than His Highness the present Maharaja Gaek- 
 war, who was adopted by Her Highness the Maharani Janina Bai, the 
 widowed consort of Khande Rao Gaekwar — and installed by the Agent of 
 the Governor- General, who invested him with a State Dress of Honour on 
 the 27th May 1875. 
 
 The reign of the Maharaja Gaekwar Sayaji III. has been one of amazing 
 progress and prosperity. For His Highness himself, it has not been without 
 
58 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 the deep shadows of domestic bereavement; for in April 1885 he lost 
 his first wife, Her Highness the Mahardni Chimnabai, niece of the Princess 
 of Tanjore, whom he had married in 1880, and who had borne him three 
 children — two daughters, who had died during the lifetime of their mother, 
 and a son and heir named Fatheh Singh Rao, who has happily survived. In 
 December 1885 His Highness took as his second wife a Princess of the 
 House of Dewas in Central India, Her Highness Chimnabai, the present 
 Maharani, who was invested by Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen 
 Empress with the insignia of the Imperial Order of the Crown of India in 
 1892. Of this marriage there has been issue two sons, named Jaisingh 
 Rao and Sivaji Rao respectively, and a Princess named Indira Raja. 
 
 The young Gaekwar had for several years the advantage of the co-opera- 
 tion, as Minister of Baroda, of one of the ablest Indian statesmen of modem 
 times, the Raja Sir Madhava Rao, K. C.S.I. The colleagues and successors 
 of Sir Madhava — the Khan Bahadur Kazi Shahab-ud-din, CLE., the Diwan 
 Bahadur La.xuman Jaganndth, the Khan Bahadur Pestanji Jahangirji, C.I.E., 
 the Rao Bahadur Vinayak Janardhan Kirtane, the Khan Bahadur Khurshidji 
 Rustamji, and the present Prime Minister, His Excellency the Diwan Bahadur 
 Manibhai Jasbhai — have also been statesmen of great ability and devotion. 
 And many other names might be mentioned of distinguished officers of the 
 Baroda Government during the present reign. The early years of His 
 Highness were guided by the judicious care of an extremely able and 
 sympathetic English gentleman, Mr. F. A. H. Elliot, CLE., who still retains 
 high office in the Baroda State. In 1875 the Gaekwar, attended by Sir 
 Mddhava Rao and the chief officers of the State, went to Bombay to meet 
 His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales ; and shortly aftenvards was 
 honoured by a visit of His Royal Highness to the capital of Baroda, where 
 the auspicious event was celebrated by the most magnificent hospitalities. 
 On the ist of January 1877 His Highness, on the invitation of H.E. the 
 Viceroy, attended the Imperial Assembly at Delhi to celebrate the Proclama- 
 tion of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen as Empress of India, and 
 on that occasion was invested with the title of Farzaud-i-KIuis-i-DauIat-i- 
 Inglishia (see Introduction, § 11) by Lord Lytton as the representative of the 
 Empress. 
 
 In May 1887 His Highness, accompanied by the Maharani, set out on 
 an extended tour to the continent of Europe. After passing several months 
 in Italy, Switzerland, and France, His Highness arrived in England in the 
 following November. On the 5th of December the Maharaja proceeded to 
 Windsor, and had the honour of being most cordially received by Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty the Queen Empress. His Highness, having previously 
 received the honour of Knighthood, was on this occasion invested by the 
 Queen Empress with the insignia of a Grand Commander of the Most 
 Exalted Order of the Star of India. A second visit was paid to Europe by 
 His Highness in i88g, which also greatly restored his health and vigour. 
 But the hot climate of Gujarat, and excessive mental exertion, made it im- 
 perative on him in the spring of 1892 to visit Europe once more; and 
 accordingly His Highness left India a third time on 7th M.ay 1S92. With 
 the Mahdnini he has again been graciously received by Her Majesty, who 
 honoured the Maharani by personally conferring on her the insignia of the 
 Imperial Order of the Crown of India. These visits of His Highness to 
 England have been fruitful of the most valuable results to the Baroda State, 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 59 
 
 and are in themselves evidence of the interest he takes in the social and 
 material progress of his people. Both in 1887 and again in 1892, he has 
 been attended by one of his ablest officials, the Rajashri Vasudeo Madhava 
 Samarth, who now holds the position of Chief Officer with His Highness. 
 
 By the direction of His Highness scientific land-revenue survey has been 
 introduced throughout the State, the existing revenue laws have been revised, 
 new ones framed, and various restrictions and petty imposts, as well as 
 transit duties, which entailed much hardship on the ryots, have been gradu- 
 ally abolished. By these and various other means, the cultivators have been 
 greatly encouraged to increase their holdings and improve their condition. 
 The existing local regulations are being codified for securing a speedy and 
 efficient administration of civil and criminal justice, in which work he has 
 allowed the people to take part. His Highness has issued certain rules for 
 the better working of the Police, and has brought up the military forces 
 to a state of efficiency. But the greatest attention of the Maharaja Gaekwar 
 has been given to matters of education. He has given a strong impetus to 
 primary and higher education, as well as to technical training in industrial 
 arts and handicrafts. There is an Arts College at Baroda, which is affiliated 
 to the Bombay University, and teaches up to the B.A. and B.Sc. standards. 
 The vernacular schools have received a large accession to their number, and 
 are still to be further multiplied by the establishment of thirty new schools 
 every year. A recent rule to recognise by Government grants-in-aid every 
 school which has not less than sixteen scholars on its roll has called into exist- 
 ence hundreds of village schools for the instruction of the masses, hitherto 
 untouched. Schools have also been opened for people of low castes, and 
 boarding schools for the lowest and hitherto utterly neglected classes. 
 
 Classes for teaching native music and scientific agriculture have been 
 opened, whilst the establishment of a technical school for imparting a know- 
 ledge of modern industries, and for improving the various handicrafts of the 
 people, testifies to the anxiety His Highness entertains for the industrial 
 progress of his State. Nor has the Maharaja Gaekwar forgotten the claims 
 of female education, for in the various schools in his dominions not only are 
 girls given a sound mental training, but the physical training and the homely 
 arts of sewing, embroidery, and cookery are not neglected. Hospitals and 
 dispensaries have been provided in almost all the principal towns of the State ; 
 and it has been lately decided to appoint a lady-doctor for administering to 
 the medical needs of the female population. The magnificent new Palace, 
 and various handsome buildings for schools, colleges, and hospitals, evince 
 the keen desire of His Highness for the promotion of public works. Rail- 
 ways have been extended in the territory of Baroda, and at present the State 
 owns no less than 178 miles of railway. One of the most important recent 
 engineering undertakings is the construction of extensive works at Ajwa for 
 supplying the city of Baroda with pure water at the cost of about thirty lacs 
 of rupees. 
 
 The effects of the good and enlightened government of the present 
 Gaekwar, and the consequent progress and prosperity of his State and people, 
 were well summed up in a speech made by the late Viceroy of India, Lord 
 Dufferin, on the occasion of His Excellency's visit to Baroda in November 
 1886, from which may be quoted the following words : — 
 
 "Although your Highness, with characteristic modesty, has passed very 
 lightly over the many excellent works of a like nature which have been con- 
 
60 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 structed under your auspices, all who are inhabitants of this place know that, 
 thanks to the intelligent energy which has been exhibited by their ruler, few 
 cities and few States have ever made greater progress in ever)'thing which tends 
 to improve the social condition of their inhabitants than the State and city over 
 which your Highness so auspiciously and benevolently rules. The air of 
 universal prosperity which characterises your capital and district which surrounds it, 
 the happy and contented appearance of your people, are all marks of conscientious 
 and intelligent administration, which have met my eye on every side ; the noble 
 buildings which are rising in all directions under your Highness's auspices, and 
 amply generous provision which you have made both for the needs and gratifica- 
 tion of your people, have confirmed me in the opinion which 1 had already reason 
 to entertain, that in your Highness India possesses one of the most promising, 
 high-minded, and wise rulers with which she has been ever blessed. It is diffi- 
 cult to convey in words the satisfaction which a Viceroy experiences at being able 
 to arrive at such a conclusion in regard to one of the most influential and import- 
 ant of Her Majesty's feudatory Princes. In your Highness I feel the Queen 
 Empress possesses indeed the noble arkan-i-dawlut, a firm and trusted pillar of 
 State, and that the Indian Government is entitled to regard you as a sympathetic 
 and worthy coadjutor in its great work of advancing the general happiness and 
 prosperity of the inhabitants of Hindustan. Believe me, Mahdrdjd, there is no 
 object dearer to my heart than to acquire the confidence and goodwill of the 
 Princes of India, to make them feel with what kindly feelings I regard them, how 
 anxious I am in respect to their rights, to maintain their dignity, to add to their 
 consideration and i^zat ; but it becomes ten times easier to do this, and is a 
 more perfect labour of love, when the conduct of a native ruler is so worthy of 
 praise and admiration as your own." 
 
 The State is one of the largest, richest, most populous, and most advanced 
 in India. It contains an area of 8570 square miles. Its population is 
 about 2,185,005, chiefly Hindus; but there are 174,980 Muhammadans, 
 46,718 Jains, and 81 18 Parsis. The revenue of the State is about 
 Rs. 1,53,00,000 per annum (at par ;^i, 530,000). In area the State of 
 Baroda is considerably larger than either Saxony or Wiirtemberg ; its 
 population is greater than that of Greece, and not much less than that of 
 Switzerland. The Mahdrdjd Gaekwdr maintains a military force of 3562 
 cavalry and 4988 infantry, with 38 guns. His Highness is entitled to a 
 salute of 2 1 guns. The family colour is that red which is called Bhagwd, 
 the colour of the red earth of the Mahabalcshwar hills. 
 
 Residence. — Baroda, Western India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 6l 
 
 BARODA or SHEOPUR (GWALIOR), RAJA BIJAI SINGH, 
 
 Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1862 ; succeeded to 'Ca.Q gadi 27th September 1865. Is a Kshatri 
 Gaur (Hindu). The area of the State is 150 square miles; its population 
 9000, chiefly Hindus. The Raja maintains a military force of 50 cavalry, 
 400 infantr)', and 5 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Baroda, Gwalior, Central India. 
 
 BARRA or BARDIA, RAO DAUKAL SINGH, Rao of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Rao was born in 1850 ; and succeeded to the gadi on the 25th 
 August 1865. Is of a Rajput (Hindu) family. The population of the State 
 is about 650, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Barra, Western Mahv^, Central India. 
 
 BARWANI (BHOPAWAR), RANA INDARJIT SINGH, Rand of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1840; succeeded to the gadi on the 15th August 1880. Is a 
 Sisodiya Rajput, akin to the ruling House of Udaipur. The area of the 
 State is 1362 square miles; its population 56,445, chiefly Hindus, with 
 8605 belonging to aboriginal tribes. The Rand maintains a miltary force of 
 17 cavalr}', 225 infantry, and 9 guns. He is entitled to a salute of 9 
 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Barwdni, Central India. 
 
 BASANTA SINGH, GHAUDHRI, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893. Is a 
 landholder in the Bijnor district, North-Western Provinces. 
 Residence. — Bijnor, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 BASAWA SINGH (of Laroa), Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 BASHAHR, RAJA SHAMSHER, SINGH, Rdfl of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born 1839; succeeded to \ht. gadi in 1849. Belongs to a Rajput 
 (Hindu) family claiming descent, through 120 generations, from Sri 
 Krishna. It is said that Parduman Singh, grandson of Sri Krishna, came to 
 Bashahr from Benares to marry the daughter of the Raja Bavasa Deo ; and 
 that he ultimately slew Bavasa Deo, and obtained possession of the Raj. 
 Between 1803 and 18 15 Bashahr was overrun by the Gurkhas; but on 
 their expulsion in the latter year, the British Government granted a sanad to 
 the Raja, confirming him in the possession of all his territories, except 
 
62 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Rawani, which was given to Keonthal. The area of the State (which is one 
 of the Simla Hill States) is 3257 square miles; its population is 64,345, 
 chiefly Hindus. The Raja has a son named Tika Raghundth Singh. He 
 maintains a military force of 100 infantry and 2 guns. 
 Residence. — Bashahr, Punjab. 
 
 BASHIR AHMAD, Khan Bahddtir. 
 
 Born i860. Is the son-in-law of His late Highness Prince Intizam-ul- 
 Mulk, third Prince of Arcot. Granted the title as a personal distinction in 
 1887. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 BASHIYAM AIYANGAR, V., Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Is a B.A and B.L. of the University of Madras ; appointed a Fellow of 
 the University in 1880; Member of the Legislative Council of Fort St. 
 George in 1888; granted the title as a personal distinction in 1887. An 
 advocate of the Madras Bar. 
 
 Residence. — M ad ras . 
 
 BASITNAGAR, AMANAT FATIMA, Begum of. 
 
 Bom 1S32. Is the widow of the Nawab Dost Ali Khan of Basitnagar, 
 who was succeeded on his death in 1864 by the Nawab Husain Ali Khan. 
 On the death of the latter in 1871 the Begum succeeded to the title and 
 estates. The family is of Pathan origin, and is descended from Dildar Khan, 
 third son of the Nawab Diler Khan of Shahabad. The latter was a dis- 
 tinguished Afghan officer under the Emperor Aurangzeb, who sent him to 
 Shdhabad to punish the Pande Panwar Brahmans, who had plundered a 
 convoy of Imperial treasure on its way from Khairabad to Delhi. He slew 
 all the bandits, and was granted their extensive possessions in jagir, with the 
 titles of Nawab and Haft Hazdri or commander of seven thousand. He 
 founded the city of Shahabad, and built the great fort known as the Bari 
 Deohri ; and his descendants held the grants rent free till Saadat Ali Khan 
 resumed them. The title of Nawab was recognised by Government as 
 hereditary in 1864. 
 
 Residence. — Shdhabad, Hardoi, Oudh. 
 
 BASODA (BHOPAL), NAWAB AMAR ALI KHAN, Nciwdb of 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 The Nawab was born about 1830; and succeeded to \ht gadi on the 
 6th February 1864. He is a Path.dn (Muhammadan) descended from the 
 Nawab Dalel Khan, founder of the Kurwai St.ite (i/.v.) The area of the 
 State is about 22 square miles; its population 7772, chiefly Hindu.s, but 
 with 1454 Muhammadans. His sons are — Midn Haidar Ali Khan and 
 Yusuf Ali Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Uasoda, Uhopdl, Central India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 63 
 
 BASTAR, RAJA BHAIRAM DEO, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 2ist May 1839 ; succeeded to the gadi 2i'CrL August 1853. Belongs 
 to an ancient Rajput family of high caste ; whose founder, Kakati Partabrudra, 
 came from Warangal in the Deccan, and settled at Bastar about the beginning 
 of the 14th century. The area of the State is 13,062 square miles; its 
 population 196,248, of whom over 36,000 belong to Gond, Bhil, and other 
 aboriginal tribes, the rest being chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Jagdalpur, Bastar, Central Provinces. 
 
 BASTI, Rdjd of. See Mahesh Sitla Bakhsh Singh. 
 
 BAW, MAUNG HLAING, Ngwegunhmu of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Ngwegunhmu is one of the Shan Chiefs, and rules over a State of 
 about 350 square miles. 
 
 Residence. — Baw, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 BAWNIN, SAW KIN, Myoza of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Myoza is one of the Shan Chiefs, and rules over a State of 30 square 
 miles. 
 
 Residence. — Bawnin, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 BAWZAING, MAUNG KYA YWET, Ngwegunhmu of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Ngwegunhmu is one of the Shan Chiefs, and rules over a State of 
 20 square miles. 
 
 Residence. — Bawzaing, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 BECHARDAS VBHARIDAS, DESAI, Sarddr, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Born 26th February 1844. Third son of the Rao Bahadur Desai 
 Veharidas Ajubhai, whose eldest son, Desai Haridas Veharidas, is now Diicdn 
 (Prime Minister) of the Junagarh State in Kathiawar. Educated at Nadiad 
 and Ahmadabad. Appointed Member of the Local Board of Taluka Anand, 
 Zilla Kaira in 1867. Was the chief promoter of the "Agricultural Com- 
 mittee" appointed at Nadiad in 1878, and of the exhibitions of agricultural 
 products of the district held at Nadiad since the year 1883. President of 
 the Municipal Committee, Nadiad, from 1886 to 1889 ; received the title of 
 "Rao Bahadur" from Government in 1887; elected a Member of the 
 Legislative Council, Bombay, in 1888 ; and granted the title of "Sardar" in 
 the same year. The family'claims descent from the Kshatriya family reigning 
 in the Punjab in the time of Alexander the Great; subsequently migrating to 
 Malwa, its leading member is said to have been appointed there Diwan. 
 
64 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Twelve hundred years later part of the family is said to have migrated to 
 Adalaj, near Ahmadabad, in the time of Siddhraj Jayasingh, and a branch 
 ultimately settled at Nadiad. The founder of this branch having rendered 
 good service to the then Mughal Emperor, was invited to the Imperial 
 presence, and received the title of Desdi with estates and pdlkhi from the 
 Emperor. Vaghjibhai, the fourth in lineal descent from the founder, rendered 
 valuable services both to the Peshwd and to the Gaekwar ; and also played 
 an important part in bringing about a compromise after the battle of Adas 
 in 1775. For this he received in indm the village of Bilodra, which the 
 family enjoyed up to 181 6. Prabhudds, the grandson of Vaghjibhai, assisted 
 Colonel Walker in settling the terms of the treaties made by the British 
 Government with the Mehwdsi Thdkurs in the Mdhi Kdntha, and received a 
 pdlkhi in indm from the British Government in 1806. Desdi Prabhudas's 
 grandson was Desdi Vehdridds Ajubhdi (the first mentioned above), who was a 
 member of the Vatan Commission, and Honorarj- Second Class Magistrate. 
 He was invited by Government to the Imperial Delhi Assemblage in 1877, 
 where he received the title of " Rao Bahadur." 
 
 Residence. — Kaira, Bombay. 
 
 BED SARAN KUNWAR (of Agori Barhar), Rdni. 
 
 Born 1851. The title is hereditary, the Chandel Rdjds of Barhar being 
 descended, it is said, from Pari Mai and Bdri Mai of Mahoba in Bundelkhand, 
 who some hundreds of years ago took service with Rdjd Madan of the Bdland 
 family of the Kharwar tribe, and after killing him, divided his country and 
 founded the three principalities of Barhar, Bijaigarh, and Bardi, in Rewah. 
 About a century later, near the year 1290, the exiled Bdlands collected a 
 force, surprised the fort and palace of Agori, and killed every male of the 
 Chandel race. But one of the queens of the fallen Chandel Rdjd, who had 
 fled to the forest, shortly afterwards gave birth to a prince, who was named 
 Orandeo, from the shield (oraii) on which he was cradled. AN'hen he grew 
 up, his merits attracted the notice of the Rdjd of Kantit ; who gave him his 
 daughter in marriage, and helped him to recover the Barhar Rdj, al)out the 
 year 1310. In 1745 Sambhu Sdh was Rdjd, and he was conquered and 
 expelled by Rdjd Balwant Singh ; but in 1781 Warren Hastings, as Governor- 
 General, ordered the restoration of Adil Sdh, the grandson of Raja Sambhu 
 Sdh. The estates continued in the possession of the family till 1852, when 
 Rdjd R.aghundth Sdh died, and they came under the Court of Wards. His 
 son, Rdjd Kesho Saran Sdh, attained his majority in 1868 ; but died without 
 issue in 187 1, leaving his widow, the present Rdni, in possession of the 
 estates for her life. Her heir is Babu Jaganndth Prasad Singh of Jamgaon, 
 who is descended from Bdbu Rachpdl Singh (brother of Raja Adil Sdh, 
 mentioned above), and is about 35 years of age. 
 
 Residence. — Rdjpur, Mirzapur, North-Wcstern Provinces. 
 
 BEHRAMJI DADABHAI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 23rd October 1831. Tiie Khdn Bahddur's name is also sometimes 
 spelt Byramjce Dadabhoy. The title was conferred on 3rd April 1880, as a 
 personal distinction, in recognition of highly meritorious service in many 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 65 
 
 important and responsible public offices. The Khan Bahadur is the eldest 
 son of the late Khan Saheb Dadabhai Shapurji, an eminent public servant, 
 who had received a shcrpao (or " Dress of Honour ") from the Bombay 
 Government in 1837, and the title of Khan Saheb in 1847. Educated at 
 Thanna, and Surat, and Elphinstone College, Bombay. Entered the Govern- 
 ment Service in 1S53; and having distinguished himself in various civil 
 capacities, was specially selected in 1865 to succeed Colonel Dunsterville as 
 Deputy Registrar-General and Registrar of Bombay — being the first gentle- 
 man of Indian birth ever appointed to fill that high office. Appointed J. P. 
 in 1869 ; in 1872 a Delegate of the Parsi Chief Matrimonial Court in 
 Bombay; in 1879 acted as Inspector-General of Registration ; in 1878, and 
 again in 1880, elected a Member of the Municipal Corporation of the City 
 of Bombay ; and served in many other public offices " with credit to himself 
 and advantage to the public," as testified by the Bombay Government when 
 in 1880 he was recommended for the title of Khan Bahadur. He was 
 married, 28th February 184S, to Bale Sonabaie, eldest daughter of Khan 
 Saheb Cowashaw Sorabshaw Taleiyarkhan of Surat ; and has issue. His 
 sons are — (i) Jehangeer Byramjee Dadabhoy, born 1864, married 18S5 to 
 Khorsetbanu Hormusjee Pestonjee Cama ; and (2) Manikji Behramji 
 Dadabhai, born 1865, barrister-at-law of the Middle Temple 1887, J. P. for 
 Bombay 18S8, Municipal Councillor for Bombay 1889; married 1884 to 
 Jerbanu Dadabhai Palanji Bhedwar. His daughters are — (i) Awabaie, 
 born 1 85 1, married 1865 to Ardasir Cursetji Ghandie, who died in 1874 ; 
 
 (2) Dhanbaiji, born 1859, married 1877 to Dhanjibhoy Nasirwanji Ghista ; 
 
 (3) Pherozebaie, born 1861, married 1877 to Framji Cursetji Rustamji 
 Thanawala. His brothers are — (i) Cowashaw Dadabhoy, born 1845, married 
 1865 to Jerbaie Bargorji Hadda ; (2) Cursetjee Dadabhoy, born 1850, 
 married 1886 to Gulbaie Jamsetjee Seenawala. 
 
 Residence. — Foras Road, Byculla, Bombay. 
 
 BEHRAMJI JBHANGIRJI RAJ KOTWALA, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred 24th May 1889, in recognition 
 of his public services. The Khan Bahadur's name is also sometimes spelt 
 Byramjee (or Byramji) Jehanghirji Rajkotwala. Is a Delegate of the Parsi 
 Matrimonial Court at Karachi, and Member of the Sindh Sabha ; was 
 Honorary Special Magistrate at Nasik and Karachi from 1869 to 1890; 
 acted as Chairman of the Nasik Municipality in 1880 and 1883. 
 
 Residence. — Karachi, Sind. 
 
 BELASAR PARIDA, Sam ant Rat. 
 
 This is one of the titles that appear not to have been formally recognised 
 by Government. It was originally obtained from one of the old Rajas of 
 Kujung. 
 
 Residence. — Cuttack, Orissa. 
 
 BBLI RAM, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893, for emi- 
 nent services in the Lahore Medical College. Is an Assistant Surgeon. 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
66 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BENARES, HIS HIGHNESS SIR PRABHU NARAYAN SINGH, 
 K.C.I.B., Mahdrdjd Bahadur of. 
 
 Bom 26th November 1S55; succeeded 13th June 1889; has issue — 
 Kunwar Aditya Narayan Singh, born 6th November 1875. ^^e family are 
 Bnihmans of the Bhuinhar clan ; and their traditions go back to the year 
 1000, when a Brahman ascetic of Utaria, a village near Benares, foretold the 
 succession of his posterity to the dominions then governed by a Hindu Raja. 
 Some centuries later, in the decay of the Mughal Empire, some of the family 
 who attempted to assert a turbulent independence were severely chastised by 
 one of the lieutenants of the Emperor Farrukhsiyar. In the succeeding 
 reign Mausa Ram, the eldest brother of the branch occupying the ancient 
 seat of the family in Utaria, rose to great favour with the Governor of 
 Benares under the Nawab Vazir of Oudh. On the death of Mausa Ram in 
 1739 his son Balwant Singh sent an offering to Delhi, and received from the 
 Emperor his confirmation in the government of the Jaunpur, Benares, and 
 Chundr districts, with the possession in his own right of four Parganas, and 
 the title of Raja Bahadur, which the family has held as an hereditary title 
 €ver since. In 1763, when the Emperor and the Nawab Vazir of Oudh 
 marched eastward to e.xpel the British from Bengal, Raja Balwant Singh was 
 compelled to join them, but his troops took no part in the battle of Baksar, 
 being stationed on the other side of the Ganges, and when he fled to one of 
 his hill fortresses he was called back to receive confirmation of his posses- 
 sions under the British Power. On the death of Balwant Singh in 1770 the 
 Nawdb Vazir of Oudh desired to seize the Benares territory, but the British 
 Government compelled him to recognise Chait Singh, the son of Balwant 
 Singh, as R;ija under the British suzerainty, and by the treaty of 1775 the 
 territory was finally declared British. The differences between Rajd Chait 
 Singh and the Calcutta Government under A\"arren Hastings are historically 
 famous, as they became the subject of one of the articles of the impeachment 
 that was framed against the great Governor-General. The Rajd was deprived 
 of his government, which was given on conditions to his nephew, Rdja 
 Mahip Narayan, son of Balwant Singh's daughter, and he died in exile at 
 Gwalior under the protection of the Mahdrdjd Sindhia. Rajd Mahip Nardyan 
 died in 1795, and was succeeded by his son Udit Narayan Singh; and the 
 latter in 1835 by his nephew and adopted son, Rajd Ishri Parshdd Nardyan 
 Singh Bahddur, who, for his loyal services at the time of the Mutiny, received 
 in 1859 the title of Mahdrdjd Bahadur as a personal distinction. On the 
 I St January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty as Empress of India, the Mahdrdjd Bahddur was created a Knight 
 Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India ; and on 
 his death in 1889 he was succeeded by his nephew and adopted son, the 
 present Rajd. On the 8th February 1889 the late Mahdrdjd Bahadur had 
 lieen granted the privilege, as a personal distinction, of being addressed as 
 " His Highness," and in September of that year the present Rajd was granted 
 the same privilege, with the title of Mahdrdjd Bahddur, also as personal dis- 
 tinctions. The Mahdrdjd has been exempted from personal appearance in 
 the Civil Courts, and has been assured by sanad that, in the case of failure of 
 natural heirs, the Government will permit and confirm any adoption of a suc- 
 cessor made by himself or any future Raja that may be in accordance with 
 Hindu law and the customs of his family. He is entitled to a salute of 1 3 guns. 
 
 RcsiJiiucs. — Kdmnagar, Benares; Chakya, Mirzapur. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 67 
 
 BBNKAT RAO. Sc-e Vyankat Rao 
 
 BBRI (BUNDELKHAND), RAO BIJAI SINGH, Jdgirddr of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 14th February 1848 ; succeeded to the gadi i8th March 1862. Is 
 a Puar Rajput, descended from Acharjya, who married a daughter of the 
 Maharaja Jagat Raj, son of the Maharaja Chhatarsal of Jaitpur, and received 
 the jdgir of Beri. He was succeeded by his son, Khuman Singh, whose 
 son, Jugal Prasad, received a sanad from the British Government. His 
 grandson, Bishnath Singh, adopted the present Jagirdar, who is a descendant 
 from the Maharaja Jagat Raj by a collateral line. The title is hereditary ; 
 the Jagirdars have sometimes been styled Sawai Rao, from their ancestor 
 Jagat Raj. The present Rao's son is Kunwar Bahadur Noni Raghuraj 
 Singh. The State has an area of about 28 square miles, and a population of 
 about 5000, chiefly Hindus. The Rao maintains a military force of 10 
 cavalry, 66 infantry, and 2 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Beri, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 BETTIAH, MAHARAJA SIR HARBNDRA KISHOR SINGH, 
 K.C.I.E., Alahdrdid Bahddur of. 
 
 Born in March 1854 ; succeeded his father, the late Maharaja Rajendra 
 Kishor Singh Bahadur, in 1883, and in 1884 received the title of Maharaja 
 Bahadur as a personal distinction, with a khilat and sanad from the hands of 
 the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal. Created a Knight Commander of the 
 Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire on ist March 1889. Belongs to 
 a Jaitharia Brahman (Hindu) family, descended from Gangeshwar Deo, who 
 settled at Jaithar in Saran, Bengal, about the year 1244 a.d. One of his 
 descendants. Agar Sen, having possessed himself by force of arms (during 
 the later years of the reign of the Emperor Jahangir) of a considerable terri- 
 tory in Champaran, declared himself a Raja, and ultimately obtained a 
 confirmation of that title from the Emperor Shah Jahan. In 1659 he was 
 succeeded by his son. Raja Guj Singh, who built the palace of the family at 
 Bettiah. He incurred the anger of the Emperor of Delhi by the annexation 
 of many surrounding districts, and after successfully resisting one party of 
 Imperial troops sent against him, was captured by a second party, and carried 
 a prisoner to Delhi. He was subsequently released, and confirmed in his 
 possession, on his undertaking to send an annual offering of jungle and other 
 produce to Delhi. He died in 1694 a.d., leaving si.x sons, of whom three 
 died without issue. The eldest. Raja Dalip Singh, succeeded his father at 
 Bettiah, the second was the ancestor of Raja Sheoraj Nandan Singh of 
 Seohar in Muzaffarpur {(j-v.), and the third was the ancestor of the Zamindars 
 of Madhubani in Darbhanga. Dalip Singh's son and successor. Raja Dhrup 
 Singh, received a ^/-wa'« from the Emperor Farrukhsiyar. In 1760 he was 
 summoned to help the Emperor Shah Alam in his expedition to Bengal ; and 
 subsequently, to escape the exactions of the Nawab Mir Kasim of Patna, he 
 poisoned himself, and was succeeded by his daughter's son. Raja Jugalkishor 
 Singh. The latter, after many vicissitudes of fortune, seems to have been 
 
6S THE GOLDEX BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 recognised by the British Government ; and his grandson, Raja Anandakishor, 
 received the title of Maharaja Bahadur, with a khi/at, as a personal distinction 
 from Lord William Bentinck for good services rendered during the Nepalese 
 war. He was followed by his brother and his nephew successively ; and the 
 latter, the Maharaja Rajendrakishor Singh, who succeeded in 1855, rendered 
 good service in the time of the Mutiny, and also during the great famine. He 
 was succeeded in 1883 by his only son, the present head of the family, who 
 was appointed a Member of the Legislative Council of Bengal in Januar)' 
 1 89 1. The Maharaja was created a Knight Commander of the Most 
 Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, 28th June 1888. 
 Residence. — Bettiah, Champdran, Bengal. 
 
 BEYPORB, Valiya Rdjd of. See Rama Varma Raja, Rdjd. 
 
 BEZANJI SOHRABJI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on iSth August 1881. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 BHABAR, The Chief of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 The area of the State is 80 square miles ; its population is 7222. 
 Residence. — Bhabar, Pdlanpur, Bombay. 
 
 BHADARVA, RANA FATEH SINGH SARDAR SINGH, Rdnd of 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born about 1S50 ; succeeded to \!i\Qgadi 26th January 1888. The area 
 of the State is 27 square miles; its population 91 85. 
 Residence. — Bhadarva, Rewd Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 BHADAUR. See Atar Singh, Sarddr, Sir, K.C.I.E. 
 
 BHADAURA (QUNA), RAJA MADHO SINGH, Rdjd of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Rdjd is descended from a Sisodhiya Rajput (Hindu) family; was born 
 in the year 1876, and succeeded to \\\\: gadi on the loth May 1883. The 
 State has a population of about 4000, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Bhadaura, Guna, Central India. 
 
 BHADAWAR, .Mahdrdid of See Mahendra Mahendra SinKh. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 69 
 
 BHADVA, JAREJA BHAV SINGH JI, Chief of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born about 1826 ; succeeded to the gadi in 1843. The area of the State 
 is 7 square miles; its population 1231, chiefly Hindus. 
 Residence. — Bhadva, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 BHAG RAM, PANDIT (of J41andhar), Jiai Ba/iddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on nth August 1885. 
 Residence. — Kashmir. 
 
 BHAG SINGH (of Sikandra), Sarddr. 
 
 Descended from Dargaha Singh, who acquired a considerable territory by 
 conquest in 1759 a.d. His possessions were subsequently reduced by other 
 Sikh Sardars. He had four sons, of whom the third, Sardar Agar Singh, 
 was the father of Sardar Bhag Singh. The Sardar has a son, named Jowahir 
 Singh. The title is hereditary. 
 
 Residence. — Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 BHAGAT SINGH, Sarddi- Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1846. The title is personal; and was conferred on 19th April 
 1 886, in recognition of eminent services in the Department of Public Works, 
 Rajputana. Claims descent from an ancient Kshatriya family of Sikh 
 Sardars, of the " Party of Raja Sahibsingh," settled in the district of Gaijrat, 
 Punjab. The Sardar Bahadur has four sons living — Sardar Krishna Singh 
 Kapur (barrister-at-law of the Middle Temple, 1887), Lahore ; Sardar Vishnu 
 Singh Kapur (of the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, and of the 
 Middle Temple) ; Govind Singh ; Hari Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Kapur Mahil, Gujrat, Punjab. 
 
 BHAGAT SINGH (of Kapurthald), Sardar, CLE. 
 
 The Sardar was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the 
 Indian Empire, ist January 1890. 
 Residence. — Kapurthald. 
 
 BHAGWAN BAKHSH (of Pokhra Ansari), Rdjd. 
 
 Born I St September 1872. The title is hereditary, and was recognised 
 as such, 4th December 1877, when the Raja succeeded his father, Raja 
 Umrao Singh, as a minor. The family is a younger branch of the Amethia 
 Chattris (see Rameshwar Bakhsh Singh, Raja of Amethi), descended from 
 Prithvi Chand, Raja of Kalinjar. His descendant, Jamdhor Singh, had 
 three sons, of whom the third was Ram Singh, who, on the division of the 
 estates, took Pokhra Ansari, with the title of Rao. It is said that his great- 
 grandson, Rao Kalian Singh, saluted a celebrated fakir with the respectful 
 
70 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 address of Bandagi Mian, and the grateful saint responded with a blessing on 
 the " Raja," whence the title was ever afterwards borne by this branch, who 
 are known as the " Bandagi Mian Amethias." A descendant, Rao Amar 
 Singh, endeavoured to assert his independence in the time of Shuja-ud-daula, 
 after the latter had been defeated by the English ; but he was subsequently 
 defeated and slain by the Nawab's forces. His son, Madho Singh, 
 ultimately regained most of his possessions. After his death, the property 
 saw many changes, and at last fell into the hands of Raja Sahajram 
 Bakhsh. He was followed by Raja Umrao Singh, the father of the present 
 Raja. 
 
 Residence. — Rowni, Haidargarh, Bara Banki, Oudh. 
 
 BHAGWAN DAS, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 29th May 18S6. 
 Residence. — Rangoon, Burma. 
 
 BHAGWAN SINGH, Sarddr Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1834. Belongs to a Jat family, whose founder, Sarddr Ram Singh, 
 acquired the territory of Buner and other districts in 1751 a.d. The family 
 appear to have done good sen-ice during the Gurkha Campaign, the first 
 Sikh war, and lastly during the Mutiny in 1857. For the latter service 
 they received as a reward the remission of a year's commutation tax, and 
 one-sixteenth of the whole has been excused in perpetuity. The Sardar 
 Bhagwan Singh, whose title of Sardar is hereditary, is an Honorary 
 Magistrate in the Ambdla district ; and on 1st January 1S90 received the 
 title of Sardar Bahadur as a personal distinction. His son is named 
 Brijandar Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Sohana Bedwan, Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 BHAGWANT DAYAL, THAKURAI, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Ciranted the title of Rai Bahadur, as a personal distinction, 2nd 
 January 1893. The present Thakurai, who has done good service on 
 several occasions, received the thanks of Govemment for his measures 
 of famine relief. He claims descent from Raja Dushasan Singh of 
 Dadand, of a very old Rdjput family in Rdjputana. One of his ancestors 
 took service under Rdjd Mansingh, R.-ijd of I'dldmau, whose throne after- 
 wards he contrived to seize. Thakurai Ramban Singh, an ancestor of the 
 present Thakurai, rendered good service when the English first took Fdldmau ; 
 and Thakurai C'hhalardhari .Singii, great-grandfather of the present Thdkurai, 
 obtained from Government many rewards, including a jd;.^r, the title of Rai 
 Bahddur, a khilat and sarpah, etc., for his services at the time of the Kol 
 rebellion. The father also of the present Thdkurai did good service at the 
 time of the famine in 1873, and received a sanad at the Imperial Assemblage 
 at Delhi in 1877. 
 
 Residence. — Chainpur, Fdldmau, Lohdrdag.-i, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 71 
 
 BHAGWAT MAHANTI, Ral Bahddur. 
 
 Bom 3rd March 1821 ; son of Jugal Mahanti, belonging to a family of 
 Karan or Utkal Kayasthas. Entered the service of the Government of 
 Bengal in the year 1839, and served for more than fifty years in a large 
 number of offices with ability and fidelity, retiring on pension in 1891. In 
 1870 he received a gold watch and chain from the Bengal Government, in 
 recognition of " his long and valuable services," as well as in consideration of 
 "his successful exertions during the famine of 1866 " ; and in 1886 the title 
 of Rai Bahadur was conferred upon him as a personal distinction. The Rai 
 Bahadur has seven sons — Ramkrishna Mahanti, Jaikrishna Mahanti, 
 Bhuvaneshwar Mahanti, Nandakishor Mahanti, Govindacharan Mahanti, 
 Paramanand Mahanti, and Sadanand Mahanti. 
 
 Residence. — Pompalo, Kothdesh, Puri, Orissa. 
 
 BHAIRON SINGH (of Maslai), Rao. 
 
 Born 22nd March 1855. The title is hereditary; and is said to have 
 been originally received from Gori Shah, Badshah. In 1820 the then Rao 
 received a sanad from Sir John Malcolm. The Rao has a son, named 
 Omar Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Nimdr, Central Provinces. 
 
 BHAISAKHO, Bhumia of. See Ghari. 
 
 BHAISAUNDA (Bundelkhand), CHAUBB CHHATARSAL 
 PRASAD, Jdgirddr of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Jagirdar is of a Chaube Brahman (Hindu) family, descended from 
 Ram Krishna Chaubd, Killadar of Kalinjar (see Paldeo), and was born about 
 the year 1878. He succeeded to 'Can gadi on the i6th January 1886. The 
 area of the State is 12 square miles ; its population over 4000, chiefly 
 Hindus. The Jagirdar's great-grandfather, Newal Kisor, was third son ot 
 Ram Krishna Chaube, referred to above ; and received a sanad from the 
 British Government. The Jagirdar maintains a force of 52 soldiers. 
 
 Residence. — Bhaisaunda, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 BHAISOLA or DOTRIA (BHOPAWAR), THAKUR BHIM 
 SINGH, Thdkur of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Thakur is descended from a Rajput (Hindu) family ; and was born 
 about the year 182 1. Succeeded to the gadi in the year 1842. The 
 population of the State is nearly 3000. 
 
 Residence. — Bhaisola, Bhopdwar, Central India. 
 
72 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BHAJJI, RANA DURGA SINGH, Rand of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1842 ; succeeded to the gadi on the i8th November 1875. 
 Belongs to a Rajput family, whose founder in early times came from Kangra, 
 and acquired the State (which is one of the Simla Hill States) by 
 conquest. It was overrun by the Gurkhas between 1803 and 181 5; and 
 after their expulsion was confirmed in the possession of the Rand by a sanad 
 from the British (lovcrnment, dated 4th September 18 15. Its area is 94 
 square miles; population 12,106, chiefly Hindus. The Chief maintains a 
 military force of 60 infantry and i gun. 
 
 Residence. — Bhajji, Punjab. 
 
 BHALUSNA THAKUR MULSINGHJI, Thdkur of. 
 .\ Ruling Chief 
 
 Born about 1852 ; is descended from a Koli (Hindu) family. 
 Residence. — Bhalusna, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 BHAMBO KHAN,/</w. 
 
 Born 1835. The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred on 
 the Jam's ancestor, Saispal, when converted to Muhammadanism by Sayyid 
 Jalal-ud-din. The Jam has two sons — Khan Muhammad Alam Khan and 
 Gulam Ali Khan ; they bear the titles of Mian and Khan respectively. The 
 Jam is a considerable J.igirdar in the district of Shikarpur. 
 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sincl. 
 
 BHAN PARTAB (of Imjhira), Rdjd Bahddur. 
 
 The title is hereditary; and was conferred on iSth July 1858 on R.-ija 
 Surat Singh Bahadur (cousin of the present Raja), who was conspicuous for 
 his loyalty, and for the brave resistance he and his followers offered to the 
 rebels, in the Mutiny of 1857. Belongs to a Lodhi family, whose ancestors 
 had in early times the title of Thakur, and have been settled in the 
 Narsinghpur district from time immemorial. In 1835 the title of R.io was 
 conferred on Surat Singh (afterwards R.ijd Bahadur) by the R.-ija of Delehri. 
 \\'hen Rajci Surat Siiii;h died in 1S70, the succession of his uncle. Raja 
 Manbodh Singh Bah.idur, w.as recognised by the Government. He was 
 appointed an Honorary Magistrate ; and on his death was succeeded by his 
 only son, the present Raja Bahadur. 
 
 Residence. — Narsinghpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 BHAO MUNSARAM, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January- 1893, fo"" eminent 
 scr\'ices in municipal work. Is a Commissioner of the I'oona .Municipality. 
 Residence. — Poona, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 73 
 
 BHAO SINGH (of Piparia), Thdkur. 
 
 Born 1858. The title is hereditary. The Thakur succeeded his father, 
 Thakur Bhag^van Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Piparia, Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 BHARADPURA (BHOPAWAR), BHUMIA UDAI SINGH, 
 
 Chief of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Chief is a Bhilala, born about 1848 ; succeeded to the gadi in 1858. 
 The population of the State is 1724, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Bharadpura, Bhopawar, Central India. 
 
 BHARAT SINGH, Manki. 
 
 This is one of the titles that appear never to have been formally recog- 
 nised by the Government. The Manki has a son named Jagannath Singh, 
 who bears the title of Babu. 
 
 Residence. — Minbhum, Bengal. 
 
 BHARTPUR, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA BIRJINDAR 
 SAWAI SIR JASWANT SINGH BAHADUR, BAHADUR 
 JANG, G.C.S.I., Mahdnifi of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1851; succeeded to the gadi as a minor in 1853; invested with full 
 powers 4th March 1871. Is of a Jat (Hindu) family, descended from Bal- 
 chand, who founded the Bhartpur State about the beginning of the i8th 
 century. The fifteenth in descent from Balchand was the Maharaja Brig 
 Singh, and seven generations further comes His Highness the present Maha- 
 raja. The banner of this Chief is coloured red ; its motto is, Sri Lachmanji 
 Sahai. His son is the Kunwarji Ram Singh Bahadur. The area of the 
 State is about 1974 square miles; its population 645,540, chiefly Hindus, 
 but with 105,666 Muhammadans and 4499 Jains. His Highness maintains 
 a military force of 1647 cavalry, 8207 infantry, and 54 guns. He is entitled 
 to a salute of 1 5 guns, and 2 guns more as a personal distinction. 
 
 Residence. — Bhartpur, Rdjputdna. 
 
 BHASKARA, Rdjd. See Ramnad. 
 
 BHATKHERI, RAWAT SHBO SINGH, Jidwat of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Rawat is a Chandrawat Rajput (Hindu), born about the year 1842 ; 
 succeeded to the gadi in 1861. The population of the State is 2234, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Bhatkheri, Western 'MihvA, Central India. 
 
74 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BHAUNAGAR, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA SIR TAKHT- 
 SINGHJI JASWATSINGHJI, G.C.S.I., MaMnijd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 6th January 1858; succeeded to the gadi on the death of his father, 
 Jaswatsinghji, K.C.S.I., in April 1870. Educated first at Bhaunagar, he was 
 
 one of the first Princes who joined 
 the Keatinge Rajkumdr College at 
 Rajkot, where he studied for three 
 years, and was distinguished for his 
 diligence and docile and amiable 
 disposition — a favourite with both 
 schoolfellows and masters. On 
 leaving the Rdjkumar College in 
 1874 his studies were continued 
 under a specially selected tutor. 
 Captain (now Colonel) H. L. Nutt, 
 of the Bombay Staff Corps. During 
 his minority the State was jointly 
 administered by an European officer 
 of Government associated with a 
 native Minister of State ; but in 
 March 1877 His Highness took the place of the native Minister, and 
 so continued until within nine months of attaining his majority, when 
 (5th April 1878) he was placed in sole charge. On the 24th May 1881 
 Her Majesty the Empress of India conferred the honour of a Knight 
 Commander of the Star of India on His Highness, in which exalted Order 
 he was advanced to (".rand Commander on the ist January- 1886 ; and His 
 Excellency the Viceroy five years later conferred as a personal distinction 
 the high title of Maharaja. His Highness has married six wives, five of 
 whom are alive — their Highnesses Rani Shri Nahniba, Rani Shri Hariba, 
 and Rdni Shri Biijirajbd, married 1874 ; Rdni Shri Bdirdjba, married 1879 ; 
 and Rdni Shri Keserbd, married 1 888, and has issue. His sons are — 
 
 Kumilr Shri Bhausinghji, bom 26th April 1875. 
 Kunidr Shri Mangalsinghji, born 3rd June 1S81. 
 
 His Highness's daughters are — 
 
 Kumdri Shri R.-imb.l 
 Kum.iri .Shri Kes.-ibd. 
 Kum.-iri Shri Rupalibd. 
 
 Any account of the predecessors of His Highness would cover the history 
 of the illustrious tribe or clan of the Gohel Rdjputs of Kdthidwdr, of whom he is 
 the Chief, and after whom the eastern part of the province of Kdthidwdr is called 
 Gohclw.id. The Gohcls claim to be descended from the celebrated Pdndavs, 
 who belonged to the lunar or Chandravansi r.acc, and so trace their line from the 
 celebrated Shaliv.ahan, the founder of the Shaka era, while Colonel Tod and 
 others assert that the Gohcls belong to the Solar race. The old f.unily title of 
 " Rdwal " was earned (as appears at p.ige 25S of Tod's Western Iiuiia) at the 
 memorable battle of Chitor, fought with .\ld-ud-din Khilji in 1303 \.vi. There 
 are evidences going as far back as 812 a.d. which show that the Gohels ruled in 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 75 
 
 Silurashtra (Kdthidwdr) from a very remofe period. On the fall of the Delhi 
 Empire, when the Mahratta power gradually rose into importance, the capital of 
 the State was at Sihor, with Bhausingji as ruler, at which time (1722-23 a.d.) an 
 encounter with the Mahratta army took place near Sihor, and resulted in the 
 defeat of the Mahrattas. The struggle showed the weakness of the position of 
 the capital, and Bhausingji chose the present site and founded the city of Bhau- 
 nagar, which he considered more secure. He died in 1764 a.d., and was suc- 
 ceeded by his son Akherajji. Akherajji assisted the Mahrattas against the 
 Mughal Viceroy Mominkhan, and in 1 77 1 assisted the British Government in re- 
 ducing the pirate stronghold of Talaji. It was this ruler, too, who, at the request 
 of the Resident at Baroda, gave shelter to Raghundth Rao Peshwa, then a 
 refugee, sending him to Bombay in one of his own vessels. Akherajji died in 
 1772, and was succeeded by his son Wakhatsinghji. Wakhatsinghji largely ex- 
 tended his dominions, was a wise ruler and intrepid soldier, and during his life- 
 time cultivated the friendship of the British then trading in Surat. He died in 
 1S16, and was succeeded by his son Wajesinghji, who after a prosperous reign, 
 extending over a period of thirty-six years, died in 1852, and was succeeded by 
 his grandson Akherajji HI., his son Bhausingji having died during his lifetime. 
 Akherajji III. died in 1854, and having no male issue was succeeded by his 
 brother Jaswatsinghji, who died in 1870, and was succeeded by his son 
 Takhtsinghji, the present ruler. The latter has effected great and rapid improve- 
 ments in his dominions. Liberal in his charities, generous in his grants for the 
 public good, he has constructed over 120 miles of railway at an expense of over 
 eighty lacs of rupees, intersected his State with roads, studded the country with 
 important public works, beautified his capital with permanent buildings of a most 
 ornamental character, instituted a State Council, and revised the State laws, civil 
 and criminal. At his capital he has from time to time received special visits 
 from their Excellencies the Governors of Bombay ; and in 1890 was honoured by 
 a visit of His Royal Highness the late Duke of Clarence and Avondale, who, 
 journeying to a new port founded by His Highness in the South Coast, and now 
 known as Port Albert Victor, there laid the foundation-stone of the new harbour 
 works. His loyalty to the British Crown is second to none in India, and he has 
 recently, at a cost of over five lacs of rupees, formed for Imperial service a regi- 
 ment of Lancers — 350 strong — of men chiefly of his own clan, of which corps he 
 is Honorary Colonel. 
 
 The area of his State is 2860 square miles ; the population 464,671, and 
 the annual gross revenue Rs.4 1,00,000. 
 
 Arms. — Gules, an eagle or displayed ; in chief on a canton of the second, a 
 lion statant of the first. Crest. — An Eastern galley argetit profile in full sail. 
 Supporters. — Two bulls argent rampant, service with bezant. Motto. — 
 JFiTTTij ■jji^ f-sg^ ofrqr (" Man proposes but God disposes") on a label azure. 
 
 Residence. — The Motibagh Palace, Bhaunagar. Club. — The Indian North- 
 brook, 3 Whitehall Gardens, London. 
 
76 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BHAWAL, RAM SINGH, Seim of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Bom about 1864, succeeded to the gadi 25th September 1889. The 
 Seim is a Khasi, and his State is situated in the Khasi and Jaintia Hills. Its 
 population is about 555, chiefly Khasis and Christians. 
 
 Residence. — Bhawal, Khasi and Jaintia Hills, Assam. 
 
 BHA^WANI GHULAM PAL (of Mahtili), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1844. The title is hereditary, the Raja being a Surajbans Rajput, 
 descended from the family of Alakdeo and Tilakdeo, who killed Kaulbil the 
 Rajbhar about the year 1580, and seized his domains situated in the Pargana 
 of Mahuli, Basti district. Subsequently the family obtained the title of Pal 
 from the Emperor of Delhi. The Raja has a son named Lai Narendra 
 Bahadur Pal. 
 
 Residence. — Mahson, Basti, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 BHAWANI PRIYA BARNANI (of Gauripur), Rani. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. 
 Residence. — Godlpdra, Assam. 
 
 BHIKAM NARAYAN SINGH (of Deo), Rdjd Bahddur. 
 
 See Deo. 
 
 BHIKAN KHAN, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1 2 2 1 , Fasli era. The title is personal, and was conferred on i st 
 January 1877, for eminent services during the famine of 1873-74. Has a 
 son, named Golam Dastgir Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Muzaffarpur, Bengal. 
 
 BHIKHAJI AMUT CHAUBB, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 1888 for eminent 
 services in the Medical Department. 
 Residence. — Baroda, Bombay. 
 
 BHIMACHARYA BIN RAMBHAT LALKIKAR, 
 Mahdmalwpddhydya. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 1888, for 
 eminent scholarship and oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in 
 Darbar immediately after titular Rajas. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OK INDIA 77 
 
 BHINGA, Rdjd of. See Udai Partab Singh. 
 
 BHOJAKHBRI, RAO BHAWANI SINGH, Jiao of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Rao is descended from a Rajput (Hindu) family, and was born 
 about the year 1858; succeeded to the gadi on the 9th December 1879. 
 The population of his State is about 250, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Bhojakheri, Western Mdlwd, Central India. 
 
 BHOLA RAM, Rai Saheh. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1 890. 
 Residence. — 
 
 BHOLANATH BISWAS, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
78 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BHOPAL, HER HIGHNESS NAWAB SHAH JAHAN 
 
 BEGUM, G.C.S.I., C.I., Begum of. 
 
 A Ruling Princess. 
 
 Her Highness the Nawab Shah Jahan Begum is the seventh in lineal 
 descent from the famous Dost Muhammad Khan, founder of the Bhopal 
 
 dynasty; was born 3rd July 1838, and 
 succeeded to the gadi on the 1 6th November 
 1868. Dost Muhammad was an Afghan 
 officer in the service of Aurangzeb, who took 
 advantage of the weakness of the Mughals 
 after the death of that Emperor to establish 
 his independent authority in Bhopal and the 
 neighbouring districts. The State of Bhopal 
 has usually been on the friendliest terms 
 with the British authorities. In 1778, on 
 the occasion of General Goddard's march 
 across India ; in 1809, at the time of General 
 Close's expedition; and again in 181 7, at the 
 t commencement of the Pindari war, Bhopal 
 did good service to the British Power. An 
 interesting feature in Bhopal history has been 
 the fact that the Princesses of the ruling family have very frequently 
 taken the most prominent part in the administration of the State. 
 Kudsia Begum was succeeded in 1837 by her son-in-law, the Nawab 
 Jahangir Muhammad; and the latter, on his death in 1844, was succeeded 
 by his widow, Her late Highness Sikandar Begum, mother of the ruling 
 Princess, who was succeeded by the latter in 1868. The first husband 
 of Her Highness the Nawab Shah Jahan Begum died in 1867, leaving one 
 daughter, the Nawab Sultan Jahan Begum ; the latter has been acknowledged 
 as Her Highness's heir-apparent. Her Highness was created in 1872, in 
 recognition of her high administrative qualities, a Grand Commander of the 
 Most Exalted Order of the Star of India ; and has subsequently been 
 appointed by Her Most Gracious Majesty the Empress to the Order of the 
 Crown of India. In 1871 she contracted a second marriage with the 
 Maulavi Muhammad Sadik Husain, Nawab Consort, a descendant of a noble 
 family of Bokhara. The heir-apparent, the Nawab Sultan Jahan Begum, was 
 married in 1S74 to Ahmad .*\li Khan, a member of the Afghan clan, the 
 Mirazai Khel, from which the Bhopal family is descended. 
 
 The area of the State is 6872 square miles ; its population is nearly a 
 million, chiefly Hindus, but including over 80,000 Muhammadans, 6000 
 Jains, and about 120,000 belonging to aboriginal tribes. Her Highness the 
 Nawab Begum maintains a military force of 803 cavalry-, 2030 infantry, and 
 69 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 19 guns, with 2 guns more within 
 the limits of the Bhopal territory. 
 
 Arms. — Vert, a tower or within twelve musk blossoms proper in bordure. 
 Crest. — A sheaf of arrows char^ied with a lily argent. Supporters. — Mahsir 
 (fish), proper. Motto. — .Wur Miiiullah. 
 
 Residence. — BhopAl, Ccntnil India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 79 
 
 BHOPAL SINGH (of Urni Piparia), Thdkur. 
 
 Born 1827. The title is hereditary, having been originally derived from 
 the Gond Rajas of Mandla. Is descended from a Rajput family of the 
 Kshatri)-a tribe, clan Chandra- Bansi-Tomar (or Tomar of the Lunar race). 
 This family claims to Ije descended from Raja Anang Pal, who reigned at 
 Delhi in 1193 a.d. After the subversion of the Tomar dynasty, the family 
 is said to have migrated to the Gwalior and Jhansi territories, where some of 
 its branches remain. Two brothers of this family, Bisram Singh and Narwar 
 Singh, were called in by the Gond Raja of Mandla, and provided with military 
 appointments. They captured the fort of Ajaigarh and subdued the country 
 round Mandla and Kurai ; and were rewarded with the tdluka Sainkhera. 
 In 1842 the Thakur Bhopal Singh, with his father and brother, captured a 
 rebel, and were rewarded by Government with the village of Pat Ras. 
 Rendered good service in the time of the Mutiny, and was rewarded with 
 a money grant and a. panvdiia. In 1867 the Thakur was made an Honorary 
 Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Piparia, Narsinghpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 BHOR, SANKAR RAO CHIMNAJI, Pant Sachiv of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1854. Succeeded to the ^c7di 12th February 1871. Is a Brahman 
 (Hindu) ; the Pant Sachiv was one of the eight hereditary Ministers of the 
 old Mahratta Empire. The present Pant Sachiv is the natural heir of 
 Chimnaji Pandit, the late Pant Sachiv ; who was adopted by Raghunathrao 
 on payment of iiazars to the Raja of Satara and to the British Government. 
 The area of the State is 1491 square miles, and its population 145,876, 
 chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Rcsideitce. — Bhor, Poona, Bombay. 
 
 BHOTE KHAN LALKHAN, Kkdn Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 1888. 
 Residence. — Khdmgaon, Berar. 
 
 BHUBAN MOHAN, Kumdr. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred iSth July 1861. The Kumar is 
 the son and successor of the late Raja Haris Chandra, who was the Chief of 
 the Chakma clan in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, and who rendered good 
 service in the Lushai Expedition of 1871-72, by supplying coolies, boats, etc 
 
 Residence. — Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bengal. 
 
 BHUGANGA BHUSAN RAI, Rdjd Rai. 
 
 This is one of the titles that appear never to have been formally recog- 
 nised by Government. It was conferred by the Emperor of Delhi for 
 approved service, the earliest Rajas being Raja Pratapaditya Rai and Rai.i 
 Basanta Kumar Rai. 
 
 Residence. — Khulna, Bengal. 
 
So THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BHUP INDRA BAHADUR SINGH (of Kantit), Rdjd. 
 See Kantit. 
 
 BHUP INDRA BIKRAMA SINGH (of Piydgpur), Rdjd. 
 See Piyagpur. 
 
 BHUP SINGH, Hao. 
 
 Born 1 85 1. The title is hereditary. Is descended from Dalip Singh, 
 Bais Thakur ; who, 300 years ago, came at the head of his tribe, and 
 took possession of the Pargana of Kot Salbahan. Dalip Singh had two 
 sons, Rao Singh and Karam Singh ; and the descendants of Rao Singh, one 
 of whom was Baldeo Singh, father of Bhup Singh, have always borne the 
 title of Rao. Kao Baldeo Singh did excellent service in the time of the 
 Mutiny, and received a commendatory panvdna in reward. He also 
 received a Certificate of Honour at the Imperial Assemblage of Delhi in 
 1877 ; and was appointed an Honorary Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Bhanpur, Biidaon, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 BHUP SINGH, BAGGA (of Dabanwala), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1836. The title is hereditary. Belongs to the Bagga (Jat) family, 
 formerly of great wealth and power in the Gurdaspur district Descended 
 from Sarddr Amar Singh, who overran the greater part of the district. His 
 son and successor, Sardar Bhag Singh, survived his father only three years ; 
 and on his death his cousin Budh Singh took possession of the estates, to 
 the exclusion of Bhag Singh's son, Hari Singh. But Budh Singh was 
 deprived of his possessions by the Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Subsequently 
 the Lahore Darbdr assigned a jdgir to Hari Singh, who was the father of the 
 present Sardar. 
 
 Residence. — Gurddspur, Punjab. 
 
 BHUPENDRA NARAYAN RAI (of Madhavapassa), Rdjd. 
 
 This is one of the titles that appear not to have boon formally recognised 
 by Government. The family at one time possessed three farmdns of the 
 time of the Emperor Muhammad Shah, bearing the seal of the Nawab 
 Murshid Kuli Khan, confirming Udai Narayan Rai in the ZaminJdri of 
 Chandradip, Bakarganj. 
 
 Residence. — Madhavapassa, B.-ikarganj, Bengal. 
 
 BHUPBNDRADEB RAI, Rdjd Rai and Mahdsai. 
 
 This is a title that appears not to have been formally recognised by 
 Government. The family claims to have received it from the Emperor 
 Aurangzeb in the year 1090 Hijrah ; and states that the original sanad was 
 in their possession up to the time of the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi, 
 in 1877. 
 
 Residence. — Bansberi.-l, Hooghly, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 8l 
 
 BHUTAN, HIS HIGHNESS SANGAY DORJI, Deb Raja of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 His Highness the Deb Raja is a Buddhist by rehgion, and a Thibetan 
 by race. He succeeded to the gadi on the 23rd August 1885. The area of 
 the State is about 20,000 square miles; its population is estimated at 
 200,000, chiefly Buddhists. 
 
 Residence. — Bhutan. 
 
 BHUTNATH DE, Rai Bahddtir. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 1888. 
 Residence. — Raipur, Central Provinces. 
 
 BHUVAN MOHAN VIDYARATNA, Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty the 
 Empress. It entitles him to take rank in Darbar immediately after titular 
 Rajas, and was given for eminent oriental learning, especially in Sanskrit. 
 Is a professor in the Nadiya toh, the ancient Sanskrit University of 
 Bengal. 
 
 Residence. — Nadiyd, Bengal. 
 
 BHYSONDA. See Bhaisaunda. 
 
 BICHHROD I., THAKUR RATAN SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Thakur is descended from a Rajput (Hindu) family ; was born 
 about the year i860, and succeeded to the gadi on 17th April 1874. The 
 population of his State is about 366, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Bichhrod, Western Mdhvi, Central India. 
 
 BICHHROD II., THAKUR MADHO SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Thakur is descended from a Rajput (Hindu) family ; was born about 
 the year 1847, arid succeeded to the gadi in 1878. 
 Residence. — Bichhrod, Western Mdlwi, Central India. 
 
 BIHARI LAL KHAZANCHI, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 1888. 
 Residence. — Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 G 
 
82 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BIHAT, RAO MAHUM SINGH, /dgirddr of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Rao is descended from an ancient Bundela Rajput (Hindu) tamily, a 
 collateral branch of that which rules at Orchha. He was born on i6th 
 November 1858, and succeeded to ihe gatfi on the 9th April 1872. Arjun 
 Pal, who ruled at Mahoni, was the common ancestor of the Orchha and Bihat 
 families — his third son, Dya Pal, settling at Etaura, and subsequent genera- 
 tions occupying Gurha in Bihat State, and finally Bihat itself. Aperbal Singh, 
 Chief of Bihat, obtained a satiad from the British (Government in 1807. 
 The area of the State is about 13 square miles ; its population 4704, chiefly 
 Hindus. The Rao maintains a military force of 5 cavalry, 75 infantry, and 
 I gun. 
 
 Residence. — Bihat, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 BIHORA, THAKUR SARDARBAWA, TMkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1854. Area of State is rather under i square mile; its popula- 
 tion is chiefly Bhil (aboriginal). The Thakur belongs to a Rajput (Muham- 
 niadan) family. 
 
 Residcticf. — Hihora, Rewd K.intha, Bombay. 
 
 BIJA, THAKUR UDE CHAND, Thdkiir of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1829. Succeeded to the gadi 1841. Belongs to a Rajput family 
 (Hindu), whose founder, Garab Chand, came from Ujjain in early times and 
 conquered this territory. It was overrun by the Gurkhas between 1803 and 
 iSis ; but when they were expelled by the British in the latter year, the 
 Thakur was confirmed in possession by a saiuid, on conditions of feudal 
 service. The State (which is one of the Simla Hill States) has an area of 
 4 square miles, and a population of 11 58, chiefly Hindus. The Thakur 
 maintains a military force of lo men. 
 
 Residence. — Bija, Punjab. 
 
 BIJAI BAHADUR (of Chichli), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1849. Succeeded his father, Raja Nizam Singh, in 187 1. The 
 title is hereditary ; and was originally conferred by the Gond Raja of Mandia, 
 dating so far back, it is said, as 921 a.d. The sanad has been destroyed by 
 age. In 1808 a flag, a stafl", a belt, and a drum were bestowed on Raja 
 Sangram Shah by the late Nawab Sidak Ali, Subahdar of the Nagpur Raja, 
 for the capture of a famous rebel named Mir Khan. The family were settled 
 at Fatehpur in Hoshangabad until 1227; when Pahar Singh, the younger 
 son of Raja Bariya Singh of Fatehpur, came to Chichli and Sangal. The 
 present Raja's father. Raja Nizdm Singh, rendered good service to Govern- 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 83 
 
 ment in the time of the Mutiny in 1857 ; and received, in consideration 
 thereof, a saiiad o{ loyalty, dated igth September 1859, together with a sword 
 of honour and a money grant. He was also made an Honorary Magistrate. 
 The Raja Bijai Bahadur has a son whose name is Lai Saheb. The family 
 banner is a yellow flag or pitambar, with chauri and staff ; the motto on the 
 Raja's seal is Sado Sahai Narsingh, Nizam Singh Sut Bijai Bahadur Singh, 
 which is " May the god Narsingh always help Bijai Bahadur Singh, son of 
 Nizam Singh." 
 
 Residence. — Narsinghpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 BIJAI CHAND MAHTAB, Mahdrdj-Kumdr. See Burdwan. 
 
 BIJAI SINGH MEHTA, Rai Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1S78. 
 Residence. — Jodhpur, R^jputdna. 
 
 BIJAWAR, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA SAWAI BHAN 
 
 PARTAB SINGH BAHADUR, Mahdrdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 24th December 1842. Succeeded to the gadi 23rd November 
 1847. His Highness the Chief of Bijawar, like those of Charkhari and 
 Ajaigarh, is descended from Jagat Raj, the second son of the Maharaja 
 Chhatarsal ; and the Bijawar territory is a portion of that which was ruled by 
 his great ancestor. The second son of Jagat Raj was Birsinghdeo of Bijawar ; 
 and the son of the latter, named Kesri Singh, obtained a sanad from the 
 British Government in 181 1. The great-grandson of the last-named is the 
 present Maharaja Bahadur. The area of the State is about 974 square miles ; 
 its population 113,285, chiefly Hindus, but with 2405 Muhammadans and 
 2506 Jains. His Highness maintains a military force of 100 cavalry, 1000 
 infantry, and 1 3 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 1 1 guns. The family 
 is Bundela Rajput (Hindu) ; its motto is Agni pratdp Vish-Mcsha (Hindi, 
 meaning " As fire resplendent, the Lord of the World ") ; and its banner was 
 unfurled at the Delhi Imperial Assemblage in 1877. 
 
 Residence. — Bijdwar, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 BUNA, DIWAN MAKUND SINGH, Jdgirddr of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Is a member of the Hashtbliaiya family (see Dhurwai), who are Bundela 
 Rajputs, the State being an offshoot of that of Orchha {q.v.) Born January 
 1838 ; succeeded to the gadi in 1850. Diwan Sawant Singh of Bijna was 
 the second son of Diwan Rai Singh, the common ancestor of the Hashtbhaiya. 
 Sawant Singh's grandson, Surjun Singh, obtained a sanad from the British 
 Government in 1823 ; and his grandson is the present Chief. The area of 
 the State is 27 square miles; its population 2084, chiefly Hindus. The 
 Chief maintains a military force of 4 cavalry, 30 infantry, and 2 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Bijna, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
84 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BIJNI, Rani of. 
 
 Is the widow of the late Raja Kumud Narayan Bhup of Bijni, and is in 
 possession of the Bijni estates. The Bijni family is descended from a 
 younger son of one of the Rajas of Kuch Behar (<j.v.) 
 
 Residence. — Bijni, Godlpdra, Assam. 
 
 BIKANIR, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA RAJ RAJESHWAR 
 SIROMAN SRI GANGA SINGH BAHADUR, Mahdrdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S79. Succeeded to the gadi 19th August 1887. Is a Rahtor 
 Rajput, descended from Bika Singh, the founder of Bikanir, who was the 
 sixth son of Rao Jodha, Chief of Jodhpur (i/.v.), claiming descent from 
 Umalrai, fifty-sixth in descent from Rama. The title was confirmed to the 
 family, in the person of the Maharaja Guj Singh, by the Emperor Ahmad 
 Shah of Delhi in 1752 a.d. The Bikanir flag is yellow and red — the former 
 representing Lakshmindrdyan, and the latter Devi. The area of the State is 
 22,340 .square miles; its population 509,021, chiefly Hindus, but with over 
 50,000 Muhammadans and 21,000 Jains. His Highness (who is still a 
 minor) maintains a military force of 400 cavalry, 564 infantry, and 91 guns. 
 He is entitled to a salute of 1 7 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Bikanir, Rdjputdna. 
 
 BILASPUR, Rdjd of See Kahlur. 
 
 BILAUDA, THAKUR SAMRAT SINGH, Thdkur of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Bom about 1872; succeeded to the f^adi as a minor in 1878. Is 
 descended from a Rajput (Hindu) fiimily. The population of the State is 
 about 276, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Bilauda, Western Mdlwil, Central India, 
 
 BILBARI, MHOSHA 7m/ad VAGHU, C/iief of 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born about i860. Is descended from a Puar family. The State is one 
 of the numerous Dang States in Khandesh ; its area is under 2 square miles, 
 and its population about 141 8, chiefly Bhils (aborigines). 
 
 Residence. — Bilbari, Khdndcsh, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 85 
 
 BILOD, The Khan of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 This State is in Western Malwa, Central India, and the succession to the 
 g'adi was undecided at the time when information was obtained in 1891. 
 The population is about 600, partly Hindus, partly Muhammadan ; the ruhng 
 family is Muhammadan. 
 
 Residence. — Bilod, Central India. 
 
 BIPIN BIHARI DATT, Eai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 6th July 1S88. 
 Residence. — Hugli, Bengal. 
 
 BIPIN KRISHNA BASU (BOSE), Rat Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 1888. 
 Residence. — Ndgpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 BIR SHAMSHBR JANG, K.C.I.B., Maharaja Sir. 
 Prime Minister of Nepal. 
 
 His Excellency the Prime Minister of Nepal was, on 25th May 1892, 
 created a Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Khatmandu, Nepdl. 
 
 BIR SINGH DEO (of KuArpur), Thdkur. 
 
 Born i8i6. The title is hereditary, and was originally conferred on an 
 ancestor of the present Thakur by one of the Gond Rajas of Mandla. Is 
 uncle of Thakur Kirat Singh, and a sharer in the tdluka of Kuarpur. His 
 sons are (i) Kunwar Himalchal Singh, (2) Kunwar Surat Singh, (3) Kun- 
 war Himat Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 BIRA SINGHA NARAYAN RAI (of Madhavapassa), Rdjd. 
 
 This is one of the titles that appear not to have been formally recognised 
 by Government. The family at one time possessed three farmdns of the 
 time of the Emperor Muhammad Shah, bearing the seal of the Nawab 
 Murshid Kuli Khan, confirming Udai Narayan Rai in the Zaminddri of 
 Chandradip, Bakarganj. 
 
 Residence. — Madhavapassa, Bikarganj, Bengal. 
 
 BIRESHWAR DATT, Rai BaMdur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887. 
 Residence. — Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
86 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BISHAN CHAND DUDHURIA, Jiai Bahddur. 
 
 Born loth June 1852. The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd 
 January 1888 for his liberal philanthropy and public ser\'ices. Owns lands in 
 the districts of Maimansingh, .Murshidabad, Hirbhum, Burdwan, Bhagalpur, 
 Faridpur, and Rajshahi, and has always contributed to charitable and other 
 funds, opening annachatras (or poor-houses) in times of famine, etc His 
 son is named Bijai Singh Dudhuria, born November 1879. His brother is 
 Rai Budh Singh Dudhuria Bahadur ((j.v.) 
 
 Residence. — Azimganj, Murshidabad, Bengal. 
 
 BISHAN DATT (of Barwara), Thdkur. 
 
 Born 1 83 1. The title is hereditary. The tdluka was given to the family 
 of Anrudh Singh Baldeo Sahai by Raja Nizam Shah of Mandla about 1743. 
 Residence. — Barwara, Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 BISHAN SARUP, MUNSHI, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1889. 
 Residence. — Kekri, Ajmir. 
 
 BISHAN SINGH (of Bheri), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sardar belongs to a Tat family, descended 
 from Sardar Mahtab Singh, Miran Kotia, a Sikh Chief famous for his prowess, 
 who lived in 1761 a.d. His son, Sardar Rai Singh, acquired by conquest 
 some villages in the Ambala district more than a century ago. 
 
 Residence. — Bheri, Ludhidna, Punjab. 
 
 BISHAN SINGH (of NAbha), JDiunin, CLE. 
 The Diwdn was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the 
 Indian Empire on ist January 1890, for distinguished services to the State 
 of Ndbha in the Punjab. 
 
 Residence. — Ndbha, Punjab. 
 
 BISHBN LAL SINGH (of Kendi), Rdjd. 
 
 This is one of the titles that have not i)een formally recognised by Govern- 
 ment. The family is descended from Raja Nabir Singh, who was /.aniinddr 
 of Kendi, in the Haiuiribagh district, at the commencement of the i8th 
 century. The Raja has a son, named Iswar Pras.id Singh, who bears the 
 courtesy title of 'I'ikait. 
 
 Residence. — Hazdribagh, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 87 
 
 BISHBSHWAR BAKHSH SINGH, Rai. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Jaunpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 BISHBSHWAR BAKHSH SINGH, Rai. 
 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Rcsideiue. — Partibgarh, Oudh. 
 
 BISHNATH SINGH (of Katra Balkhera), Thdkiir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred by Raja Nizam 
 Shah, Gond Raja of Mandla. 
 
 Residence. — Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 BISHNU CHANDRA DATTA, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Has rendered good service as Deputy Postmaster - General, Eastern 
 Bengal, and received the title as a personal distinction on 2Sth May 1S92. 
 
 Residence. — Dacca, Bengal. 
 
 BISHUN NARAYAN (of SidU), Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary, and was conferred on 14th August 1868. Is the 
 son of the late Raja Gauri Narayan, descended from a family said to be 
 descended from the ancestors of the Maharaja of Kuch Behar. The founder 
 received a jdgir from the Raja of Kuch Behar ; his descendants subsequently 
 became subjects of the Mughal Empire, and in 1765 came under British rule. 
 They were under Bhutiya control for some time, and reverted to British control 
 after the Bhutan war in 1865. 
 
 Residence. — Godlpdra, Assam. 
 
 BISHUNATH SINGH, Rao. 
 
 Born 15th September 1870; succeeded his father on ist October 1888. 
 The title is hereditary, and is said to have been conferred originally on 
 Raghubar Singh, Thakur, father of Rao Bishunath Singh, by Raja Gyan 
 Chand. 
 
 Residence. — Cawnpur, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 BOBBILI, Rdjd of. 
 See Venkatasveta Chala-pathi Ranga Rao, Ravu, Rdjd. 
 
88 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BOD, RAJA JOGINDRA DEO, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born about 1857 ; succeeded tothe,fa^/on 5th October 1S79. Belongs 
 to a Kshatriya (Hindu) family, founded by Ganda Mardan Deo, seventy 
 generations back. The title of Raja has been enjoyed since the time of the 
 Mahratta rule ; it was formally recognised by the British Government on 
 2 1 St May 1874, in the lifetime of the late Raja Pitambar Deo, father of the 
 present Raja. The eldest son of the ruling Raja is called the Jubaraj ; 
 the younger sons Babus. It is said that the Rajas of Bod have always 
 been famous for their loyalty to the Emperors of India who were in power 
 from time to time. Formerly there was a main route through this State to 
 the Central and Western Provinces, and whenever any persons duly credited 
 by the Muhammadan or Mahratta rulers passed over it the Rdjds of Bod 
 used to render them every assistance, and thus earned their favour. When 
 Raja Pratap Deb was the ruler, certain officers of the Muhammadan Emperor 
 were passing through this State with troops en route to Pari. Some of the 
 troops having caught fever it was necessary for them to halt there for about 
 a month, during which time the Rdjd treated them ver)' hospitably, and 
 gained their good opinion. On their reporting the facts to the Emperor, the 
 title of " Swasti Sri Derlakhya Dumbadhipati Jharkhund Mandaleswar " was 
 conferred upon the then Raji This title continued till the time of Rdjd 
 Banamali Deb, when certain Mahratta officers went to Sonpur to realise 
 peshkash^ and committed much violence. The people of Sonpur formed a 
 conspiracy to kill the ofl[icers, who fled to Bod for refuge. The Sonpur 
 people continued their pursuit up to Bod, where the Rdjd took them 
 prisoners and sent them to Nagpur. This conduct of the Chief very much 
 pleased the Mahratta ruler, who conferred the title of " Swasti Sri Prabala- 
 pratapaditya Parutapa Danasami)anna Jharkhand Badshah " on the Rdjd, 
 This title was subsequently abbreviated to "Jharkhand Paichha " ; and in 
 consideration of the above, the Rdjd was once for all exempted from paying 
 peshkash to the Mughal and Mahratta rulers. The area of the State (which 
 is one of those known as the Orissa Tributary Mahals) is about 2064 square 
 miles; its population 130,103, chiefly Hindus, but over 37,000 belonging to 
 aboriginal tribes. The Raja maintains a military force of 592 infantry and 
 2 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Bod, Orissa. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 89 
 
 BOLANDRA, THAKUR SALAMSINGHJI, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born about 1865. Is descended from a Rajput (Hindu) family. The 
 area of the State is about 14 square miles ; its population about 873, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Bolandra, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 BOMANJI SOHRABJI, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Poona, Bombay. 
 
 BONAI, RAJA INDAR DEO BAHADUR, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born aboul, 1836; succeeded to the gadt on the 12th September 1S76. 
 Rendered good service to the Government during the Keonjhar disturbances 
 in 1867-6S. Is descended from a Kshatriya (Hindu) family, who call them- 
 selves Kodam Bangsa, because the progenitor of the race was born under a 
 kodam tree. The infant, it is said, was abandoned, and was in danger of falling 
 into the hands of an enemy, when a peacock swallowed it, and kept it in his 
 craw until the danger was over ; and in gratitude the family adopted the 
 peacock as its crest. The title of Tikait is the courtesy title of the heir- 
 apparent ; that of Potait is borne by the second son, that of Ldl by the third 
 son, and Bdbu by the younger sons, if any. The Raja Bahadur has the 
 following sons — Tikait Nilambar Deo, Potait Bishambar Deo, Lai Hari 
 Krishria Deo. The area of the State (which is one of the Chota Nagpur 
 Tributary Mahals) is about 1297 square miles; its population 24,026, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Bonai, Chota Ndgpur, Bengal. 
 
 BORKHERA, THAKUR AMAR SINGH, Thdkur oj. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 The Thdkur is descended from a Rajput (Hindu) family. 
 Residence. — Borkhera, Indore, Central India. 
 
 BORKHERA (WESTERN MALWA), THAKUR BHAIRON 
 
 SINGH, Thdkur OJ. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born about the year 1858 ; succeeded to the gadi in 1873. The popula- 
 tion of the State is about 1000, partly Hindus, partly Muhammadans. 
 Residence. — Borkhera, Western Mdlwd, Central India. 
 
90 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BRAHMA NARAYAN SINGH, TMkur. 
 
 This is one of the titles that appear not to have been officially recognised. 
 The Thakur's sons all bear the courtesy title of Bdbu. 
 
 Residence. — Mdnblium, Bengal. 
 
 BEAJA GOPAL SINGH, Rdjd. 
 
 This is one of the tides that have never been formally recognised by 
 Government. The Raja's elder son is styled Tikait, his name is Madan 
 Mohan Singh ; and the younger, whose name is Sarat Chandra Singh, has 
 the title of Jlikim. 
 
 Residence. — Mdnbhum, Bengal. 
 
 BRAJA KISHOR SINGH, Rdjd. 
 
 This is one of the titles that appear never to have been officially recog- 
 nised by Government. The family claims to be of Rajput descent. The 
 Raja's eldest son, named Ramakanai Singh, bears the courtesy title of 
 Jubardj ; the second, named Syamsundar Singh, bears that of Hikim ; the 
 third is styled Kumdr. In this family no name is given to a son till he 
 attains the age of twelve years. The younger sons of the Raja, below the 
 third, are styled Bdbu, except the fourth, who sometimes has the courtesy 
 title of Bara Thdkur. 
 
 Residence. — Bdrabhum, MAnbhum, Bengal. 
 
 BRAMHA NAND MAL, Paik-Rai. 
 
 This is one of the titles that appear not to have been formally recognised 
 by Government. It was originally conferred by one of the old Rajas of 
 Kujung. 
 
 Residence. — Cuttack, Orissa. 
 
 BRIJ BHUKAN LA.L, Rat Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1820. The title is personal; and was conferred on 24th May 
 1882, the Rai Bahddur having held many important public offices, having 
 retired on pension in 1872, and having been granted a medal by Govern- 
 ment at the Imperial Assemblage of Delhi on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. Is an Honorary Magistrate of Lucknow ; one of the founders of the 
 Jubilee High School, Lucknow ; President of the Kayastha Sadar Sabha of 
 India, 1888 ; and Secretary to the Trustees of the Husainabad Endowment. 
 Has borne for many years a high character for loyalty and honevolence. 
 His son is named .\nanda Prasad, horn 1846 ; his grandson, Bansi Dhar, 
 born 1874; his great-grandson, Manohar Ldl, born 1891. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oiidh. 
 
 BRIJ LAL GHOSH, Rai Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 8th October 1879. 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 91 
 
 BRIJ RAJ SINGH (of Bhaddu), Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The family is Rajput, and claims descent from 
 the Pandus, being of the same stock as the families of Kulu, Bisauli, and 
 Bahadurwah. Its founder, Raja Jai Singh, was a tributary of the Kanahya 
 Sardar, Jaimal Singh. His grandson, Raja Umaid Singh, on the grant of the 
 hill territories by the British Government to the Maharaja Ghulab Singh of 
 Kashmir and Jammu, was dispossessed of his territories, but received a 
 pension from the British Government from the territories ceded by the Maha- 
 raja to meet this and similar claims. He settled in Nurpur, Kangra district. 
 
 Residence. — Kingra, Punjab. 
 
 BUDDHA KHAN, Khan. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Hathan, Merwara. 
 
 BUDH SINGH DUDHURIA, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 1888. Is a 
 brother of the Rai Bishan Chand Dudhuria Bahadur {q-v^j 
 Residence. — Murshidabad, Bengal. 
 
 BUDHO KHAN ivalad MUHAMMAD ALI KHAN, Mir. 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Reside/tee. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 BULAKA SINGH, Sardar. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 1888. 
 Residence.- — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 BUN BEHARI KAPUR (of Burdwan), Rdjd. 
 
 Title of Raja conferred, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893. 
 Born nth November 1853; adopted by the third brother of the late 
 Maharaja Adhiraj Mahtab Chand Bahadur of Burdwan on 31st August 
 1856. Appointed Diwdti-i-Rdj of Burdwan in 1877, and Vice-President 
 of the Burdwan Raj Council in 1879. ^'^ the Imperial Assemblage 
 of Delhi on ist January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclama- 
 tion of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India, received a 
 Certificate of Honour, was appointed Honorary Magistrate, and Member 
 of the District Board of Burdwan; and on 23rd January 1885 a Member 
 of the Bengal Legislative Council. Appointed Joint Manager, Burdwan 
 Raj estate, 1885, and sole Manager in 1891 ; and has rendered admirable 
 services to the Burdwan Raj and to the country for many years past. He is 
 the natural father of the present Maharaj-Kumar of Burdwan (who is still a 
 minor) ; a brother-in-law of the late Maharaja Aftab Chand Bahadur, and a 
 nephew of His Highness the late Maharaja Mahtab Chand Bahadur of 
 Burdwan. 
 
 Crest. — A horse's head, erased, proper. 
 
 Residence. — The Bonabas, Burdwan. 
 
92 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BUNDI, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAO RAJA RAGHUBIR 
 SINGH BAHADUR, Mahdrao Rdjd of. 
 
 Born about 1868; succeeded to the gadi 2Sth March 1889. Is a 
 Chauhan (Hara) Rajput (Hindu), descended from Rao Deo Singh, son of 
 Rao Bakht Singh Deoji, who founded the State of Bundi about the year 
 1242 A.D. The flag of the family is coloured yellow, with the motto Sri 
 Rangesh Bhagt Bundesh Ram Singhe, meaning " Raja Ram Singh, ruler 
 of Bundi, is a believer in Raghunathji." The State is situated in that part 
 of Rajputana known as the Haraoti and Tonk Agency. Its area is 2300 
 square miles; its population about 254,701, chiefly Hindus, but with 9477 
 Muhammadans and 3101 Jains. His Highness maintains a military force 
 of 446 cavalry, 1835 infantry, and 144 guns; and is entitled to a salute of 
 1 7 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Bundi, Rdjputdna. 
 
 BUR SINGH (of Mukerian), Sarddr, Sardur Bahadur. 
 
 The first title is hereditary, the second is personal, and was conferred on 
 ist June 1 888. The Sardar and his brothers were important Sardars during 
 the reign of the Mahajara Sher Singh of Lahore. When Sher Singh was 
 assassinated, Sardar Budh Singh (brother of Sardar Bur Singh) was killed on 
 the spot, and his cousin severely wounded. Sardar Bur Singh was deputed 
 to Fatehgarh to remain in attendance on Shdhzada Shahdeo Singh, son of 
 Maharaja Sher Singh, w^ho accompanied the Maharaja Dalip Singh to that 
 place. 
 
 Residence. — Mukerian, Hoshidrpur, Punjab. 
 
 BURDWAN, MAHARAJ-KUMAR BIJAI CHAND MAHTAB, 
 
 Alahdrdj- Kumar of. 
 Born 19th October 1881. Succeeded the late Maharaja Aftab Chand 
 Mahtab Bahadur, Maharaja of Burdwan. Belongs to a Kapur Kshatriya 
 
 family of Kotli in Lahore, Punjab, 
 whence Abu Rai, the founder of 
 the Burdwan Raj family, migrated 
 to Bengal. Was adopted by the 
 late Maharaja, and is the son of 
 Rrija Bun Behari Kapur of Burd- 
 wan {q.v.), a scion of the same 
 family, who is also the guardian 
 and manager of the large estates 
 of the young Mahardj - Kumar. 
 Abu Rai Kapur settled in district 
 Burdwan; and in 1657 .\.n. was 
 appointed Chaudhri and Kotwal 
 of Rekabi Bazar, etc., under the 
 Fauzddr of Chakld Burdwan. He 
 was succeeded by Babu Rai, who owned Pargand Burdwan and three 
 other estates, and also succeeded his father as Chaudhri. Then followed in 
 succession his son ("lyaneshyam Rai, and his grandson Krishna Rama Rai : 
 the latter received a farman from the Emperor Aurangzeb, dated 24111 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 93 
 
 Rabiwal Akhir, in the thirty-eighth year of his reign (1695 a.d.), confirming 
 him as Zamindar and Chaudhri of Burdwan. Succeeded by his son Jagat 
 Rama Rai, who received a similar fariiidn from the Emperor Aurangzeb, 
 dated 5th Jamadiwal Awol, in the forty-third year of his reign (1700 a.d.) ; 
 and again his son, Kirti Chandra Rai, who succeeded, received a similar 
 farindn from the same Emperor, dated 20th Sawab, in the forty-eighth year 
 of his reign (1705 a.d.), mentioning him as Zamindar and Chaudhri of 
 forty-nine Mahals in Pargami Burdwan. Kirti Chandra Rai received a 
 second farmdn from the Emperor Muhammad Shah, adding some Mahals, 
 in the year 1736 a.d. He was succeeded by his son Chitra Sen Rai; 
 who, in the twenty-first year of the reign of the Emperor Muhammad 
 Shah (1740 A.D.), received 3. faniidn recognising him as Zamindar of 
 Chakld Burdwan, and giving him the title of Raja. He was succeeded by 
 his cousin, the nephew of Kirti Chandra, Raja Tilak Chandra Rai ; who 
 received a sanad from the Emperor Ahmad Shah, dated 7th Rajab, in the 
 seventh year of his reign (1753 a.d.), confirming him as Raja of Burdwan, 
 etc. In 1765 he received another sanad from the Emperor Shah 
 Alam, granting an increase of the Zaiiiinddn, and the additional title of 
 Bahadur ; and about the same time the same Emperor wrote him a friendly 
 letter, intimating his creation as Raja Bahadur, and also as a Commander of 
 4000 infantry. To this, in the official fanud/t that followed, was added also 
 the command of 2000 cavalry; and lastly, in the ninth year of the Emperor 
 Shah Alam (1768 a.d.), he received from the Commander-in-Chief, by order 
 of the Emperor, a sanad conferring the title of Maharaja Adhiraj, and making 
 him a Commander of 5000 infantry and 3000 cavalry, with authority for 
 guns, bands, nakara, etc. He was succeeded by his son, the Maharaja 
 Tej Chandra Rai, who, in 1771 a.d., received a similar sanad to the last- 
 named. He was succeeded by his adopted son, Maharaja Mahtab Chand, 
 who, in 1833 A.D., received a farmdn from Lord William Bentinck, 
 Governor-General, confirming him in the title of Maharaja Adhiraj Bahadur. 
 In 1868 he obtained for himself and his descendants the license of Her 
 Majesty to bear the arms and supporters described below ; and at the 
 Imperial Assemblage at Delhi on ist January 1877, on the occasion of the 
 Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India, he was 
 granted, as a personal distinction, the right to receive a salute of 13 guns. 
 He managed his great estates with so much success that they became some 
 of the most prosperous in Bengal ; and at the time of the Santal Rebellion 
 in 1855, and again during the troubles of the Mutiny, the Maharaja did 
 everything in his power to strengthen the hands of the Government, by 
 placing elephants and bullock-carts at the disposal of the authorities, and by 
 keeping open the communications in the neighbouring districts. On his 
 death in 1879 he was succeeded by his adopted son, the late Maharaja 
 Aftab Chand Mahtab, who, on attaining his majority in 1881, was installed 
 at the Palace, Burdwan, in all his father's honours and possessions. He 
 died prematurely in 1888, and was succeeded by his adopted son, the 
 present Maharaj-Kumar, who is still a minor. The family colour is dark- 
 blue with scarlet facings. The arms are azure, an ancient Hindustani shield 
 proper, between in chief a crescent argent and in base two swords in saltire, 
 points downwards, also proper. The crest is an iron-gray horse's head, 
 couped, around the neck a riband azure, and pendent therefrom an 
 escutcheon of the last, charged with a lotus-flower proper. The supporters 
 
94 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 are, on either side an iron-gray horse regardant, around the neck a riband 
 gules, and pendent therefrom an escutcheon of the last, charged with a lotus- 
 flower proper. 
 
 Residincis. — The Palace, Burdwan, Bengal ; Mahtab Manzil, and Dilaram, 
 and Dar-ul-Bahr (Dilkusha Gardens), Burdwan ; The Rdjbdti, Chinsurah, Bengal ; 
 The Rdjb.-iti, Kalna, Bengal ; The Aftab House, Alipur, Calcutta ; The Rosebank, 
 Darjiling ; The Retreat, Kurseong, Bengal ; and other residences at Bhdgalpur, 
 Benares, Cawnpur, and Agra. 
 
 BURHAN-UD-DIN-KHAN, FAKIR SAYYID (of Lahore), 
 
 Klhin Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 1888. 
 Residence. — Bhopdl, Central India. 
 
 BYA GALE, MAUNG, Ahmudan gaung Tazeik-ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1SS9. It means 
 "Recipient of the Medal of Honour for Good Service," and is indicated 
 by the letters A.T.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Pegu, Burma. 
 
 BYRAMJBE DADABHOY, Khdn Bahddur. 
 Sec lichramji D.idabhdi, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 CALICUT, MAHARAJA SIR MANA VIKRAMA BAHADUR, 
 K.C.S.I., /.amorin of. 
 Born 19th March 1820; succeeded to the .i^aa'/ 26th March 1S6S. The 
 present Zamorin is believed to be the 1 1 9th in descent from the founder of 
 the family, who derived his title from Cheraman Perumal, the last Emperor 
 of Malabar. The tradition is that there were two youths of the liradi caste 
 from I'umthura, near Erode, who rendered Cheraman Perumal, the last 
 Emperor of Malabar, signal service in subduing the stronghold of an eastern 
 invader, the Chola King of Choladesh. When Cheraman Perumal became a 
 Buddhist in 352 a.d., and retired from political life, dividing his empire of 
 Malabar among his eighteen feudatories, it chanced that these two youths were 
 absent on a pilgrimage to Benares, so they were overlooked in the distribution 
 of territory. At the last moment they returned, and were presented by the 
 Emperor with his Imperial sword, and a small piece of land called Kokorikot 
 — whence the modern Calicut — Cheraman Perumal bidding them win what 
 more they wanted with the sword. Accordingly, when Vasco da Gama 
 arrived at Calicut in 1498, he found the descendant of one of these youths, 
 the Zamorin of Calicut, ruling over the greater part of South Malabar. From 
 that time the Zamorins were mainly engaged in wars with the Rajas of Cochin 
 and their allies, the Portuguese. The family follows the well-known Afaru- 
 makkalaya>ii law of inheritance, by which the succession is always to the 
 offspring of its female members only ; among these the next eldest male to the 
 2^morin is the heir-apparent. In 1766 the then Zamorin, being beleaguered 
 by Haidar Ali of Mysore, set fire to his palace, and voluntarily perished in 
 the flames. Thencefonvard the Zamorins were (with short intcr%als of 
 attempts at rebellion) the subjects of Haidar and Tijipu, until the Calicut 
 territory was ceded to the English by the treaty with Tippu in 1792. The 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 95 
 
 present Zamorin was appointed a Fellow of the Madras University in 1882, 
 created a Maharaja Bahadur in 1878, and a Knight Commander of the Most 
 Exalted Order of the Star of India on 25th May 1892. His heir-apparent 
 under the Alarumakkatayain law is Mana Vikrama Raja, born 1832, who 
 bears the courtesy title of " The Eralpad." 
 
 Residence. — Calicut, Malabar District, Madras. 
 
 CAMBAY, HIS HIGHNESS NAWAB JAPAR ALI KHAN 
 SAHEB BAHADUR, Nawdb of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born in the year 1848 ; succeeded to the gat/i i ith June 18S0. Belongs 
 to a Mughal (Shiah Muhammadan) family, descended from Mirza Jafar 
 Nizam-ud-daula, who married the daughter of Momin Khan Dehlami, agent 
 for Surat and Cambay. The Nawab at the time of the Treaty of Bassein in 
 1802 was Fateh Ali Khan, who was succeeded by his brother Bandeh Ali 
 Khan, and the latter by his nephew, the Nawab Husain Yar Khan, father of 
 the present Nawab. The full title of His Highness is Sardar Nawab Najib- 
 ud-daula, Mumtaz-ul-Mulk, Munim Khan Bahadur, Dilawar Jang Dawe 
 Ekbalu, His Highness Jafar Ali Khan Saheb Bahadur, Nawab of Cambay. 
 His Highness married in 1876 the Bibi Gauhar Khanum Saheb, and in 1882 
 the Bibi Khurshid Jahan Begum. The area of the State is about 350 square 
 miles; its population about 86,000, chiefly Hindus, with about 12,000 
 Muhammadans. The Nawab maintains a military force of 36 cavalry, 496 
 infantry, and 1 2 guns, and is entided to a salute of 1 1 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Cambay, Kaira, Bombay. 
 
 CASHMERE, His Highness the Mahdrdjd Bahadur of. 
 See Jammu and Kashmir. 
 
 CHADCHAT, Thdkur of See Santalpur and Chadchat, Thdkur of. 
 
 CHAMBA, HIS HIGHNESS RAJA SHAM SINGH, Rdjd of 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born in 1866 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor in 1873. Belongs to a 
 Rajput (Hindu) family, descended from the Raja Sail, who in very early times 
 came from Marwdr to Chamba. In 1846 the State came into the possession of 
 the British Government after the first Sikh war, and a part of it was made 
 over to the Maharaja Golab Singh of Jammu and Kashmir. Subsequently, 
 however, by an arrangement made with the latter in 1847, Chamba came 
 again entirely under British control, and it was assigned to the then Raja, 
 Raja Sri Singh, and his heirs. On his death in 1870 he was succeeded by 
 his brother. Raja Gopal Singh, who abdicated in 1873, and was succeeded 
 by the present Raja. In 1854 the sanitariiun of Ualhousie was surrendered 
 to the Government by the Raja of Chamba, in consideration of the remission 
 of part of the yearly tribute, and in 1867 the cantonments of Bakloh and 
 Balun. The area of the State, which is very mountainous, being situated in 
 the Himalayas, on the frontiers of Kashmir, is about 3092 square miles; its 
 
96 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 population 115,773, chiefly Hindus, but including 6859 Muhammadans. 
 The Raja maintains a military force of 12 cavalr)-, 200 infantry, and 3 guns, 
 and is entitled to a salute of 1 1 guns. 
 Residence. — Chamba, Punjab. 
 
 CHAND MAL, SETH, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — .\jmir, Rdjputdna. 
 
 CHANDAR SHIKHAR (of Sissaindi), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 29th October i860; succeeded the Raja Kashi Prasad in 1873. 
 Belongs to a Tiwari Brahman family, on whom the title of Raja was con- 
 ferred by King Amjad Ali Shah of Oudh, and it was recognised as hereditary 
 by the British Government in 1877. Raja Kashi Prasad was consistently 
 loyal during the Mutiny, and gave great assistance to British officers. He 
 was specially mentioned in Lord Canning's Proclamation of March 1858 as 
 one of the si.\ loyal Oudh Talukdars, and was granted large estates as a 
 reward. 
 
 Residence. — Sissaindi, Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 CHANDASINGH KANSINGH SHAHANI, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Sind, Bombay. 
 
 CHANDRA KANTA TARKALANKAR, Maltdmahopddhydya. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty, in recog- 
 nition of eminence in oriental learning. It entitles the holder to take rank 
 in Darbar immediately after titular Rajas. 
 
 Residence. — Mymensingh, Bengal 
 
 CHANG BHAKAR, BHAYA BALBHADRA SINGH, Bhaya of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born about the year 1825 ; succeeded to the gadi ist December 1865. 
 Belongs to a R;ijput (Hindu) family, that is a collateral branch of the Korea 
 Chauhdn Rajputs, descended from Jorawal Singh, a younger step-brother of 
 Raja (iarib Singh of Korea. The Bhaya's brother is named I^il Ran 
 Bahadur Singh. The State is one of those known as the Chota Nagpur 
 Tributary Mahals. Its area is about 906 square miles ; and its population 
 about 13,466, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Chang Bhakar, Chota Ndgpur, Bengal, India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 97 
 
 CHARKHARI, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJ-ADHIRAJ 
 SIPADAR-UL-MULK MULKHAN SINGH BAHADUR, 
 
 AlaJidrtijd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born January 1872 ; succeeded to 'C^& gadi loth July 1S80. Belongs to 
 the famous Bundela Rajput family founded by Bir Singh in the 13th century, 
 who first took the clan name of Bundela, and from whom are descended a 
 very large number of celebrities in Central Indian history, including the royal 
 families of Orchha, Panna, Dattia, Ajaigarh, Charkhari, Bijawar, Sarila, Jigni, 
 Jaso, Lughasi. One of these descendants, the Maharaja Chhatarsal, acquired 
 the sovereignty of Eastern and Northern Bundelkhand. Being hard pressed 
 by the Mahrattas, he adopted the Peshwa as one of his sons, who thus 
 obtained one-third of his dominions, including Sagar, Kalpi, etc. His eldest 
 son inherited Panna, while from the second son, Jagat Raj, descended the 
 Chiefs of Ajaigarh, Charkhari, Bijawar, and Sarila. The son of Jagat Raj 
 was Kirat Singh ; and the grandson of the latter, the Maharaja Vikramaditya 
 of Charkhari, received a .fa^irti/ from the British Government in 1804. His 
 grandson was the Maharaja Jai Singh, who attended the Imperial Assemblage 
 at Delhi in January 1S77, and in celebration of the Proclamation of Her 
 Gracious Majesty as Empress of India received the additional title of 
 Sipadar-ul-Mulk. His son is the present Maharaja, who succeeded as a 
 minor in 1880, attained his majority in January 1892, and assumed the 
 Government of his State at a grand Darbar held at Charkhari on loth 
 November 1892. At this Darbar were present, besides the Maharaja and the 
 young Raja of Sarila, all the principal jagirdars, thakurs, and officials of the 
 State, numbering more than a hundred. The area of the State is 788 square 
 miles; its population about 143,000, chiefly Hindus, with 6000 Muham- 
 madans. The motto of the family is Singkasa?iesho ran Vijayi (" The 
 Master of the Throne is the Victorious in War "). The Maharaja maintains 
 a military force of 188 cavalry, 1552 infantry, and 42 guns, and is entitled 
 to a salute of 1 1 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Charkhari, Central India. 
 
98 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 CHENTSAL RAO, P., CLE. 
 
 Born 1S32 ; Sarishtadar of the Madras Revenue Board, 1872; Fellow 
 of the Madras University, 1875; Superintendent of Stamps and Stationer)', 
 1882 ; Member of the Legislative Council of Fort St. George, 18S7, and of 
 the GovernorGcnerars Council, 1892 ; cr. CLE., 1887. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 CHEPPADIRA TEIMMIAH, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Is the Subahdar of the Yedenalknad, Kurg, and received the title as a per- 
 sonal distinction on 25th May 1892. 
 
 Residence. — Mercara, Kurg. 
 
 CHERRA, HAJAN MANIK, Seim of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born about 1833; succeeded to \}s\q gadi 24th May 1875. Ihe Chief 
 and his people (said to number about 9000) are Khasis. This is one of the 
 Khasi and Jaintia Hill States. 
 
 Residence. — Cherra, Khasi Hills, Assam. 
 
 GHET SINGH (of Bhikra),' Rao. 
 
 Born 15th April 1851. The title is hereditary, and has long been recog- 
 nised. The family are Sengar Rajputs, descended from the Rajas of Rura 
 in Etawah. The Rao has a son and heir, named I^la Tej Singh, born Sth 
 October 1866. 
 
 Residence. — Bhikra, Etilwah, North-VVestern Provinces. 
 
 CHETAN SHAH, Khan Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 1st January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Sh.^hpur, Punjab. 
 
 CHHALIAR, RAWAL CHHATRASINGHJI, Rdical of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born about the year 1S63; succeeded to the gadi 21st June 1888. 
 Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family, which pays a tribute to the Gackwar of 
 Baroda, as well as to the Paramount Power. The area of the State is about 
 9 square miles. 
 
 Residence. — Chliali.ir, Rew.-i K.intha, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 99 
 
 CHHATARPUR, HIS HIGHNESS RAJA VISHWANATH 
 SINGH BAHADUR, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 29th August 1866; succeeded to X\\q gadi 14th November 1866. 
 Belongs to a Puar Rajput (Hindu) family ; descended from the Sardar Soneh 
 Sah, a Sardar of the Panna Raj, who was in military possession of the 
 Chhatarpur jdgir when the British acquired Bundelkhand. He was granted 
 a sanadhy the British Government in 1806, and was succeeded by his son, 
 the Raja Partcib Singh. The grand-nephew of the latter was the Raja Jagat 
 Raj, the father of the present Raja. The family motto is Agni pratdp 
 Vishweshah (" As fire resplendent, Lord of the World "). The area of the 
 State is 1169 square miles; its population about 167,700, chiefly Hindus, 
 with about 5500 Muhammadans and 749 Jains. The Raja maintains a 
 military force of 39 cavalry, 814 infantry, and 39 guns, and is entitled to a 
 salute of 1 1 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Chhatarpur, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 CHHATRA KUNWAI (of Amgaon), Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary, and was originally derived from Raja Hindi Shah 
 of Garha-Mandla. The family is Lodhi. 
 
 Residence. — Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 CHHATRA SINGH, Subahddr-Major, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th June 1887 for eminent 
 military service. 
 
 Residence. — Burma. 
 
 CHHEDI LAL, LALA, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was bestowed on ist June 1888. The Rai 
 Bahadur's grandfather, Lala Sadasukh, was a wealthy grain and cotton 
 merchant in Cawnpur. 
 
 Residence. — Cawnpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 CHHOTA BARKHBRA, BHUMIA MUGAT SINGH, Bhu?nia of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1865 ; succeeded to the gadi 14th September 1889. Is descended 
 from a Bhilala family. The population of the State is about 125, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Chhota Barkhera, Bhopawar, Central India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 CHHOTA UDAIPUR, MAHARAWAL SHRI MOTISINGHJI, 
 
 Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1859; succeeded to the gadi 7th July 1881. Belongs to a 
 Chauhin Rajput (Hindu) family, descended from the famous Patai Rawal, 
 the last Chauhan Chief of Champaner, from whom 
 also descend the Chiefs of Baria. WTien Cham- 
 paner was captured by the Muhammadans under 
 Muhammad Begar in 1484, the Chauhans moved 
 to Chhota Udaipur and to Baria. The Raja 
 Jitsinghji, father of the present Raja, bravely 
 resisted Tantia Topi during the Mutiny of 1857 ; 
 and the latter was defeated by General Parke 
 when encamped before the town of Chhota Udaipur. 
 The family at one time occupied a fort at Mohan ; 
 Tk^ saxtak of ih<^ chauhfin it pays tribute to the Gaekwar of Baroda. The 
 
 R.ljpms, called C/ravt-ra, used ^ , r> . i « -i 
 
 in the seal and for .signature, area of the State IS about 873 square miles; its 
 (■^ ,^.''?J'= "■''•' '■""r..^"""'''^ o' population about 71,000, chiefly Bhils or Kolis 
 
 Indenls OS radu at the car- '^ '^ , , ..,'., ™, ,, , . . ., 
 
 dinai points.) Or Other aboriginal tribes. Ihe Maharawal main- 
 
 tains a military force of 50 cavalry, 256 infantry, 
 and 4 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns. 
 Residence. — Chhota Udaipur, Rewd Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 CHIKLI, GUMAN SINGH, Chief of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born about the year 18(14; succeeded to the gadi ist November 
 1888. Is a Muhammadan, but descended from a Wasava Bhil (aboriginal) 
 family. The area of the State is about 200 square miles; its population 
 about 1444, chiefly (aboriginal) Bhils. 
 
 Residence. — Chikli, Khdndesh, Bombay. 
 
 CHIKTIABAR, BHUMIA UMED SINGH, Bhumia of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born about 1S45 ; succeeded to the gadi in 1864. The population of 
 the Stale is about 415, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Chiktiabar, Bhop<-lwar, Central India. 
 
 CHINCHLI, NAIK JINMYA valad GUDAD BHAVAN, Chief of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The State is also called Dang Chinchligadad, being one of the numerous 
 Dang States in Khandesh ; and the Chief or jYtiik, sometimes called Zimna 
 walad Bhawan, is a minor and unmarried ; belongs to an aboriginal Bhil 
 tribe. The area of the State is about 2 7 square miles ; and its population 
 about 1668. 
 
 Residence. — Chinchli, Kh.1ndcsh, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 CHIRAKAL, KERALA VARMA RAJA, Valiya Rdjd of. 
 
 Born 1849. Is the head of one of the branches of the Kolattiri House, 
 the Raja of Kolattiri having been one of those chieftains among whom Chera- 
 man Perumal, Emperor of Malabar, divided his dominions when he became 
 a Buddhist and retired from the world in 352 a.d. In 1734 the Chirakal 
 Raja was acknowledged by all the members of the Kolattiri House as the 
 head of the family, and was entrusted with the administration. The Raja at 
 the time of Tippu's invasion in 1789 was named Rama Varma, and he 
 committed suicide to avoid falling into the hands of the conqueror. A 
 prince, who took refuge in the jungles until the English obtained possession 
 of the country, was recognised by them in 1795 as Raja. The family, like 
 that of the Zamorin of Calicut and other Chiefs of Malabar, follows the 
 Marumakkafayam law of inheritance ; by which the succession is to the off- 
 spring of its female members, among whom the next eldest male after the 
 Raja is his heir-apparent. The late Valiya Raja of Chirakal was called 
 Rajaha Raja ; and he was succeeded by the present Valiya Raja under the 
 Marumakkatayam law. He receives an allowance from Government, in 
 compensation for the estate that belonged to his ancestors. 
 
 Residence. — Malabar, Madras. 
 
 CHIRODA, DEVI SINGH, Chief of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 This Chief is of a Rajput (Hindu) family. His State contains an area of 
 about I square mile; with a population of 241, chiefly Hindus. 
 Residence. — Chiroda, Kithidwir, Bombay. 
 
 CHITPAL SINGH (of Nurpur Chitpalgarh), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 7th August 1847; succeeded his father as Raja in 1852. The 
 title is hereditary, and was so recognised on 9th May 1866. The Raja 
 represents one of the chief families of the ancient Sombansi race, and is the 
 most direct descendant of the great Rajas of Partabgarh. The Raja Duniapat, 
 who possessed Partabgarh, was succeeded by his widow, the Thakurain Kusal 
 Kunwar, who adopted Shiuratan Singh of Karain and Tarwal. His son was 
 the Raja Dhir Singh of Chitpalgarh ; and the grandson of the latter is the 
 present Raja, who was educated at the Partabgarh High School, was appointed 
 to the Statutory Civil Service in 1881, and is now an Assistant Commissioner 
 in Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Partdbgarh, Oudh. 
 
 CHORANGLA, RAWAL RAMSINGHJI, Rdwal of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born about the year 1846, of a Rajput (Hindu) family. His State 
 contains an area of nearly 4 square miles, and a population of about 1300, 
 chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Chorangla, Rewd Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
■ Tfi£ CbLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 CHOTA LAL SIJWAR, CLE. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, ist January 1884. 
 
 CHOTA NAGPUR, Mahdrdjd of. 
 See Pratap Udit Nath Sahai Deo, AlaMrdjd. 
 
 CHUIKADAN, Mahant of. See Kondka. 
 
 CHUMILAL VENILAL, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 16th February 1887. 
 Residence. — Broach, Bombay. 
 
 CHURA, THAKUR BECHARSINGHJI RAISINGHJI, Thdkur of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 9th Februar>' 1840; succeeded to the gadi ist January 1844 ; is 
 a scion of the Wadhwan family, being a Jhdla Rajput, and thus connected in 
 race with the ruling Houses of Wankaner and Dhrangadra. The present 
 Thakur has a son and heir, named Kumar Madhavasinghji. 
 
 Residence. — Chura, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 COCHIN, HIS HIGHNESS RAJA SIR VIRA KERALA 
 VARMA, K.C.I.E., Kdjd of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1846 ; succeeded to ihs gadi in 1888. Belongs to a Hindu family 
 of pure Kshatriya blood, claiming descent (with the Royal House of Travan- 
 core) from the ancient Chiefs who ruled from Gokura in North Kanara to the 
 southernmost point of India. In the time of Haidar Ali in Maisur, the Raja 
 of Cochin was tributary to that potentate ; but in 1798 he signed a treaty, 
 acknowledging himself tributary to the British Power. The father of the 
 present Raja was His Highness the Raja Rdma Varma, who was created a 
 Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India in 1871. 
 The armorial bearings of the family are a palanquin with umbrella, lamp, and 
 conch or chank-shell. The heir of His Highness the Raja is the Prince 
 Rama X'arma, Elaya Raja, born 1852. The area of the State is 1361 square 
 miles ; its population about 600,000, chiefly Hindus, with about 33,000 
 Muhammadans and 136,000 Christians. His Highness maintains a military 
 force of 16 cavalry, 327 infantry, and 4 guns; and is entitled to a salute 
 (hereditary) of i 7 guns. 
 
 /v*«/V/j-«tV.^Tripuntora, Emakolani, Southern India. 
 
 COOCH BEHAR, Mahdrdjd of See Kuch Behar. 
 CUTCH, His Mghness the Rav of See Kutch. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 103 
 
 DABHA, MIAN GULAB MIYAN, Mian of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 5th November 1837 ; succeeded to the gadt 27th July 1854. Is 
 one of the Gaekwar's tributaries. Belongs to a family claiming descent from 
 the Jhala Rajputs of Hahvar in Kathiawar ; his ancestor, Hari Singhji, who 
 was in the service of Shah Mahmud Begara of Gujarat, became a Musalman 
 in 1483. His son and heir is Kunwar Motamiyan. The area of the State 
 is about 99 square miles; its population is 1922, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Ddbha, Mdhi Kslntha, Bombay. 
 
 DABIR, Bhumia of. See Jamnia. 
 
 DABRI, THAKUR PARBAT SINGH, Thdkur of 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1878; succeeded to 'Cne gadi as a minor in 1885. Belongs to a 
 Rajput (Hindu) family. 
 
 Residence. — Dabri, Western Milwd, Central India. 
 
 DAD MUHAMMAD KHAN, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Dadu Dero, Sind. 
 
 DADABHAI HORMUSJI DUBA, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 The Khan Bahadur received the tide, as a personal distinction, on 25th 
 May 1892 in recognition of great public services. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 DADABHAI PALANJI, Khdn Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 21st April 1882. 
 Residence. — Poena, Bombay. 
 
 DADHALYA, THAKUR JASWANT SINGHJI, Thdkur of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1830. Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family that came originally 
 from Udaipur. His ancestor Vikaji was in the service of Kalyan Mai, Rao 
 of Idar, from whom he obtained the grant of Dadhalya in 1674 ; is tributary 
 to the Gaekwar and to Idar. The area of the State is 72 square miles; its 
 population 3877, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Dadhalya, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
104 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 DAFLAPUR, Chief of. ^« Jath. 
 
 DAJI GANGAJI RANB, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on loth April 1873. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 DAJI GOVIND GUPTE, Rai Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 28th February 1S83. 
 Residence. — Thana, Bombay. 
 
 DAJI NILKANTH N AG ARK A R, Rai Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist Januar)- 1877. 
 Residence. — Poona, Bombay. 
 
 DAL CHAND (of Sahanpur), Rai. 
 
 Born October 1827. The title is hereditary. Is the representative of a 
 Jat family of ancient origin, who came from Jind in the middle of the 
 1 6th century. A scion of this family, named Muchh Padarath, founded 
 the town of Nagal on the Ganges ; and rising to high favour with Prince 
 Salim (afterwards the Emperor Jahangir) in the Court of the Emperor ^Ykbar, 
 obtained a Dress of Honour, the title of Rai, and the grant of the territory 
 between Nagal and Barhapura. The Rai Tapraj Singh, grandfather of the 
 present Rai, was a man of great influence. The Rai has four sons — Partab 
 Singh, Harbans Singh, Jagat Singh, and Bharat Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Sahanpur, Bijnaur, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 DAL SINGH (of NdhU), Rao. 
 
 Born 1842 ; succeeded his father, Rao Jetsingh, in 1884. The title is 
 hereditary. Belongs to a family of Katehria Rajputs, claiming descent from 
 Rao Hari Singh, who, in the i6th century, settled in Gola Raipur on the 
 river Khanant. A farmdn of the Emperor Shah Jahan, dated 1 645, con- 
 ferred the Ziiininddri of Gola on ^'ikrama Singh, a descendaTit of Rao Hari 
 Singh, and subsequently the family removed to Nahil. They had many 
 struggles with the Pathans during the 17th and 18th centuries, in the 
 course of which, on one occasion, the Rao Gopal Singh, Katehria Thakur 
 of Nihil, was slain in an engagement, leaving only a widow and two infant 
 sons as the sole representatives of the family. Rao Jetsingh, father of the 
 present Rao, did good sen-ice in the Mutiny, defending the town of Pawayan 
 when the Maulavi .Vhmadullah Sh;ih besieged it in 1857 ; and he also supplied 
 provisions to the British forces on their arrival in the district. The Rao Dal 
 Singh has three sons — Bechu Singh, Jagann.lih Singh, and Sardan Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Ndhil, Sh.ihjahdnpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 105 
 
 DALIP SINGH, G.C.S.I., His Highness the Mahdrdjd. 
 
 The title is personal. His Highness the Maharaja, who lives in Europe, 
 is the representative of the " Lion of the Punjab," the famous Maharaja 
 Ranjit Singh of Lahore, under whom the Sikh power rose to its highest 
 point. 
 
 Residence. — Europe. 
 
 DALIP SINGH (of Kulu), Rai. 
 
 Born 1862. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a family whose founder, 
 Sudh Singh, emigrated from Mayapuri to Kulu in the beginning of the 
 14th century, and established himself there, assuming the title of Raja. 
 His son. Raja Bahadur Singh, succeeded him, and greatly extended his 
 dominions by conquest. The family enjoyed independence up to the time 
 of the I\Laharaia Ranjit Singh of Lahore, who wrested the country^ from the 
 Rai Jitsingh, the last independent Raja of Kulu, but bestowed the Wazir-i- 
 Rupi estate in Kulu on Rai Thakur Singh, a relative of Jitsingh's. This 
 grant, with the hereditary title of Rai, was confirmed by the British Govern- 
 ment by a sanad dated 24th October 1846. On his death Rai Thakur 
 Singh was succeeded by his son, Rai Gayan Singh, who was the father of 
 the present Rai. 
 
 Residence. — Kdngra, Punjab. 
 
 DALISNA, THAKUR DAULAT SINGH, Thakur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1857. Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family. The population of 
 the State is 765. 
 
 Residence. — Dalisna, Mdhi Kintha, Bombay. 
 
 DALPATRAM DAYABHAI, CLE. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, 6th June 1885. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 DALPATRAM PRANJIVAN KHAKAR, Rao Saheb. 
 
 Born at Diu on ist November 1835. The title is personal, and was 
 conferred on i6th February 1887. Was educated at the Elphinstone College, 
 Bombay, where he took high honours. Appointed to the Bombay Education 
 Service, 1859; greatly distinguished himself as Educational Inspector of Kutch, 
 as tutor to His Highness the Rao of Kutch, and in other ways. Has written 
 and edited many important works. Retired on pension in 1866; and in 
 1887 received the title in honour of the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty's reign. Is a Member of the Managing Committee of the Seth 
 Gokuldas Tejpal Charities, and a Trustee of the same ; also a Member of the 
 
io6 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, and other learned Societies. The 
 Rao Saheb married, 1859, Devkorbai, daughter of Meghji Jadavji, physician 
 of Bhaunagar, and has a son, Mazaulal, born nth November 1870. He is 
 a Brahma-Kshatriya by caste, and belongs to a family long settled in the 
 Portuguese dominions in Western India. 
 
 Residence. — 10 Cowasji Patel's Tank Road, Hombay. 
 
 DAMARA KUMARA MADDU VENKATAPPA NAYUDU 
 BAHADUR GARU (of Kdlahasti), Rdjd. See Kalahasti. 
 
 DAMODAR DAS, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 An Honorary Magistrate of Bareilly. Granted the title, as a personal 
 distinction, 2nd January 1893. 
 
 Residence. — Bareilly, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 DAMODAR NARAYAN, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 DANAKOTI MUDALIYAR, A., Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1852. A landowner in Madras, and Member of the Madras 
 Municipal Commission, 1885. Granted the personal title of Rai Bahadur, 
 1887. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 DANAKOTI RAJU, W, B., Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1839. M.D. of Madras; appointed a Fellow of the Madras 
 University, 1875. Granted the personal title of Rao Bahadur, 1889. 
 Residence. — M adras. 
 
 DANTA, MAHARANA JASWANTSINGHJI HARISINGHJI, 
 
 Mahdrdnd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 14th October 1850; succeeded to the gadi ist December 1876. 
 Is tributary to the Gaekwar and to Idar. Belongs to a very ancient family 
 of I'ramara Rajputs, who are said to have come from Ujjain, and to have 
 settled in Sind in the year 809 a.d. The area of the State is 2300 square 
 miles; its population about 18,000. The Maharina maintains a military 
 force of 70 cavalry and 67 infantr)'. 
 
 Resilience. — Danta, Mdhi K.-lnlha, Bombay. 
 
 I 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 107 
 
 DARBHANGA, MAHARAJA SIR LACHHMESWAR SINGH 
 BAHADUR, K.C.I.E., iMahdnijd of. 
 
 One of the Premier Nobles of British India. 
 
 Born 1856; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 20th October i860. 
 In the great Bengal famine of 1873-74, the Maharaja expended nearly 
 
 ;!{^3oo,ooo in charitable relief; and has 
 since then always taken the foremost 
 part in every public philanthropic work 
 in Bengal, and indeed in every part of 
 the Empire — to which his vast revenues 
 have been largely devoted. 
 
 Belongs to an ancient Rajput 
 family, whose ancestor, Mahesh Thakur, 
 obtained the title of Raja, and the grant 
 of the Darbhanga Raj, from the Mughal 
 Emperor of Delhi, Akbar the Great, 
 early in the i6th century. Mahesh 
 Thakur died in the year 1558 a.d., 
 leaving five sons— Ram Chandra Thakur, 
 Gopal Thakur, Achit Thakur, Parmanand Thakur, and Subhankar Thakur. 
 Some of the elder sons succeeded in turn to the Raj, but they all died without 
 issue, and the family was continued in the line of the youngest son, the 
 Raja Subhankar Thakur. He died in 1607, leaving six sons. Of these 
 the eldest, Purushottam, succeeded to the Raj ; and on his death in 
 1642 was succeeded by his brother, Sundar Thakur. He held the Raj for 
 twenty years, and dying in 1662 was succeeded by his eldest son, Mahinath 
 Thakur. The latter died in 1684 without issue, and was succeeded by his 
 brother, Nirpat Thakur, who ruled till 1700 a.d., when he died, and was 
 succeeded by his son, the great Raja Raghu Singh. He obtained the con- 
 firmation of the hereditary title of Raja through the Nawab Mahabat Jang, 
 who was at that time Mughal Subahddr of Behar. He also obtained from 
 the Mughal Government the grant of the lease of the whole of the Sarkdr 
 Tirhut — including the modern districts of Muzaffarpur and Darbhanga — on 
 the payment to Government of an annual revenue of Rs. 1,00,000. The 
 enormous value, in those early times, of this grant may be gathered from the 
 fact that in 1685 a.d. the revenue of Sarkdr Tirhut was officially returned 
 at Rs.7,69,287. Atone time, during the administration of the Raja Raghu 
 Singh, the Nawab Subahdar, jealous of the vast wealth accumulated by the 
 Raja, seized his property and carried off" his family as prisoners to Patna, the 
 Raja himself only preserving his liberty by prompt flight. Subsequently, 
 however, he was restored to favour, and received large grants from the 
 Mughal Government, on condition that he should " do justice, relieve 
 distress, and put the country in a flourishing condition." These stipulations 
 have been liberally fulfilled by Raja Raghu's descendants and successors in 
 the Raj. This Raja built a large mud fort at Bhawara, near Madhubani, the 
 ruins of which still remain there, and the family resided there for the next 
 half-century. He died in 1736, and was succeeded by his son, the Rajd 
 Bishnu Singh. The latter died without issue in 1740, and was succeeded by 
 his brother, the Raja Narendra Singh, who received large grants from the 
 Nawab Subahdar Ali Vardi Khan, on condition of his engaging for the 
 
io8 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 revenue, and supporting the interests of the Mughal Government. The Raja 
 Narendra Singh died without issue in 1760; but he adopted Pratdp Singh, 
 the great-great-grandson of Narayan Thakur, younger brother of the Raja 
 Sundar Thakur, and son of the Raja Subhankar Thakur mentioned above. 
 Raja Pratap Singh determed to remove the family residence from the fort of 
 Bhawara ; and he built a new Rajbari at Darbhanga, to which he removed 
 in 1762, and it has been the seat of the family ever since. Raja Pratap 
 Singh died in 1776, and was succeeded by his brother, the Raja Madhu 
 Singh. In that year the Raja received from Shah Alam, the Mughal 
 Emperor of Delhi, the grant of Dharmpur, in the district of Purniah. The 
 Rdjd Mddhu Singh, during a long administration of thirty-two years, had 
 frequent disputes with the Calcutta Government in regard to the revenue 
 payments and the extent of his rights over the land. These disputes at one 
 time became so acute that the settlement was made with others ; but ulti- 
 mately he obtained from the Board of Revenue the restoration of his estates. 
 The Raja Madhu Singh died in 1808, leaving five sons — Kishan Singh, who 
 died without issue ; Chhatar Singh, who succeeded him, and three others. 
 Chhatar Singh is the first of the Darbhanga Rijis who is recorded to have 
 held the higher title of Mahardja Bahddur, though it is probable that it had 
 also been held by some at least of his ancestors. The Mahdrdjd Chhatar 
 Singh, who succeeded to the gadi in 1808, lived till 1839; when, on the 
 ground of old age, he made over his estates and the title to his elder son, 
 Rudra Singh — giving to his younger son, Bisdeo Singh, for maintenance, the 
 Rdj villages in Jarail, four houses, two elephants, and apartments in the 
 Darbhanga Palace. He asked to have Rudra Singh's name entered in the 
 Bengal Revenue Roll, and died a few days afterwards. These arrangeiuents 
 led to extensive litigation, as the younger son claimed a larger share of the 
 estates. Ultimately the High Court decided that the law of inheritance in 
 this family must follow the family custom, and not the ordinar)' Hindu law ; 
 and by the family custom (or Kuldchdr) the eldest son succeeds to the Raj, 
 the younger obtaining sufficient properties in land for their maintenance, 
 which lands (as under feudal tenure) revert to the Raj on failure of male 
 issue. The Maharaja Rudra Singh died in 1S50, leaving four sons — Mahesh- 
 war Singh (who succeeded him), Ganeshwar Singh, Nitreshwar Singh, and 
 Gopeshwar Singh. For ten years the Maharaja Maheshwar Singh held the 
 Rdj. He died on 20th October i860, leaving two sons — Lachhmeswar Singh 
 (who succeeded him, and is the present Mahdrdjd Bahddur) and Rdmeshwar 
 Singh (who is now the Rdjd Rdmeshwar Singh Bahddur, i].v.) 
 
 The Mahdrdjd Lachhmeswar Singh Bahddur of Darbhanga was under the 
 guardianship of the Court of Wards during his minority ; and had the great 
 advantage of having, as tutor, a very able and sympathetic English gentle- 
 man, Mr. Chester Macnaghten, whose capacity for this work was so marked 
 that he was afterwards selected by the Government for the Principalship of 
 the Rdjkumdr College at Rdjkot, in Kdthidwdr, for the Princes and Chiefs of 
 Western India. Since the Mahdrdjd attained his majority he has entirely 
 devoted himself to the public duties of his position as one of the greatest 
 Nobles of British India. He has long sers-ed as a Member of the Legislative 
 Council of the \'iceroy, and taken a leading part in the debates of that body. 
 During the lengthened discussions on the important Bengal Tenancy Bill, he 
 acted (in conjunction at first with the lamented patriot, Kristodas Pdl, and 
 subsequently with the Rdjd Pidri Mohan Mukharji, C.S.I.) as the repre- 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 109 
 
 sentative of the landowners of Bengal and Behar ; and received the warm 
 recognition of the ability and moderation he brought to bear on this and 
 other questions from successive Viceroys. To the public at large he is best 
 known as one of the most munificent of living philanthropists. In addition 
 to the ;;^300,ooo expended in charitable relief during the Bengal famine of 
 1873-74, in every time of scarcity the Maharaja's arrangements for meeting 
 it have been on a splendid scale, and have been in many cases the models 
 for the Government measures. He has built, and entirely supports, a first- 
 class Dispensary at Darbhanga, which cost ;^34oo ; a similar one at 
 Kharakpur, which cost ;£^35oo; and largely contributes to many others. 
 He has built an Anglo-vernacular school at a cost of ;^i49o, which he 
 maintains, as well as nearly thirty vernacular schools of different grades ; and 
 subsidises a much larger number of educational institutions. He has con- 
 structed hundreds of miles of roads in various parts of the Raj, planting 
 them with tens of thousands of trees for the comfort of travellers. He has 
 constructed iron bridges over all the navigable rivers of the Raj, and completed 
 an elaborate system of irrigation-works, for prevention of famine. In carrying 
 out his duties as one of the largest landowners of India he has had the 
 advantage of the assistance of several very able English managers in succession, 
 specially selected with the approval of the Government — including Colonel 
 Money of the Staff Corps, Mr. G. W. Llewhellin and Mr. Henry Bell, formerly 
 of the Bengal Civil Service. With the aid of these gentlemen and others, 
 the Darbhar.^a Raj has attained the proud position of being regarded as the 
 model for good and benevolent management. The Maharaja has devoted 
 special attention to all agricultural improvements, and especially to improve- 
 ments in the breeds of horses and cattle in Behar. He is a liberal patron of 
 the turf, and has been the owner of the largest and most valuable racing-stud 
 in India, under experienced English trainers ; and he is also a keen sportsman 
 and a first-rate whip, his jungles on the Nepal frontier affording some of the 
 best sport in the country. The new Palace at Darbhanga, with its immense 
 stables, its botanical and zoological gardens, and its many beautiful surround- 
 ings, is well known in England by the sketches that have appeared in the 
 London illustrated papers. 
 
 Most of the Maharaja of Darbhanga's munificence has been devoted to 
 objects of charity pure and simple, such as famine-relief, medical aid, and 
 the like. But he has also contributed very largely to objects of general 
 public utility — as, for instance, in the gift of Rs.50,000 to the funds of the 
 Imperial Institute. In celebration of Her Majesty's Jubilee he remitted a 
 large portion of the rents of all his tenants for the year 1887. It has been 
 computed that since his succession to the Raj an aggregate sum of some- 
 thing like two millions sterling has been expended on charities, works of public 
 utility, and charitable remissions of rent. 
 
 On the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty the Maharaja Bahadur was created a Knight Commander of the 
 Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire. The family cognisance is the 
 Gangetic dolphin or sacred fish of the Hindus. The Darbhanga Raj com- 
 prises large portions of the modern districts of Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, 
 Monghyr, Purniah, and Bhagalpur. The capital, Darbhanga, is the civil 
 station of the district of the same name ; it is a large and thriving town, with 
 a population (by the census of 188 1) of 65,955, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Darbhanga, Tirhut, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 DARGAHI LAL, Rat Bahddnr. 
 
 Born 2 1 St November 1 8 1 6. The title is personal, and was conferred on 
 2nd January i888, in recognition of eminent public services as a Municipal 
 Commissioner of Cawnpur since 1862, and an Honorary Magistrate since 
 1879. The Rai Bahadur is a Kayasth by caste, and is a native of Bilgram 
 in the Hardoi district ; but has practised as a Pleader at Cawnpur since 
 1842. 
 
 Residence. — Cawnpur, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 DARIA KHERI, THAKUR ONKAR SINGH, T/uikur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1 861; succeeded to the gadi 9th April 18S8. Belongs to a 
 Rajput (Hindu) family; the predecessor of the present Thakur was Thakur 
 Ranjit Singh. The area of the State is about 6 square miles ; its population 
 about 616. 
 
 Residence. — Daria Kheri, Bhopdl, Central India. 
 
 DARKUTI, RANA RAM SARAN SINGH, Rand of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1S43; succeeded to the gadi 15th October 1883. Belongs to a 
 Rajput (Hindu) family, whose founder came from Marwar at an unknown 
 date and settled in the Simla Hills. Twenty-three generations bore rule ; 
 and the father of the present Chief was the Rana Ram Singh, who succeeded 
 to the gadi in 1856. The Gurkhas overran this State, with others in the 
 Simla Hills; and when they were expelled by the British in 1815 the then 
 Rand was confirmed in possession. The area of the State is about 4 square 
 miles ; its population 590, chiefly Hindus. The R.-ina maintains a military 
 force of 10 infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Darkuti, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 DARYA KHAN, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 10th April 1867. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 DARYAO SINGH (of GhAt Piparia), Thakur. 
 
 Born 1 83 1. The title is hereditary, and was originally conferred by the 
 Mughal Kmperors of Delhi. The ancestors of the Thakur obtained Ghat 
 Piparia \n Jagir from the former Government of Sagar. 
 
 Residence. — S.-Sgar, Central Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 DAS MAL, DIWAN, Hai Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 DASPALLA, RAJA CHAITAN DEO BHANJ, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1854; succeeded to 'Ca& gadi 21st January 1873. Belongs to a 
 Kshatriya (Hindu) family, said to be of the Solar race ; descended from a 
 younger son of the Raja Narayan Bhanj of Bod (?.».) The title of Raja has 
 been enjoyed by the head of the family since the time of the Mahrattas ; and 
 was formally conferred by the British Government, 21st May 1874. The 
 cognisance of the family is a peacock with tail spread. The area of the 
 State, which is one of the Orissa Tributary Mahals, is about 568 square miles ; 
 its population about 42,000, chiefly Hindus, but including about 13,000 
 Kandhs and other aboriginal tribesmen. The Raja maintains a force of 343 
 infantry and 8 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Daspalla, Orissa, Bengal. 
 
 DATANA, THAKUR BHAWANI SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1864; succeeded to the gadi loth December 1880. Belongs to 
 a Rajput (Hindu) family. 
 
 Residence. — Datana, Western Mdhva, Central India. 
 
 DATTIA, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA LOKINDAR 
 BHAWANI SINGH BAHADUR, Mahdrdjd of 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 13th August 1854; succeeded to the gadi 20th November 1857. 
 Belongs to the great Bundela Rajput family descended from Bir Singh, who 
 took the clan name of Bundela, and settled in Bundelkhand in the 13th 
 century ; and from whom are descended the ruling families of Orchha, Dattia, 
 Panna, Ajaigarh, Charkhari, Bijawar, Sarila, etc. In the time of the 
 Emperors Akbar and Jahangir, the Maharaja Bir Singh Deo was ruler of 
 Orchha ; and his second son, Bhagwan Rai, became ruler of Dattia. The 
 State came under British control, with other territories in Bundelkhand, by 
 the Treaty of Bassein, concluded with the Peshwa in 1802. The Raja 
 Parichhat of Dattia, whose first treaty with the British Government is dated 
 1804, sided with the British throughout the subsequent wars with the 
 Mahrattas; and was rewarded in 1817, on the deposition of the Peshwa, by 
 a new treaty and enlarged territories. His adopted son was the Raja Bijai 
 Bahadur of Dattia ; and the adopted son of the latter is the present Chief, 
 whose succession was disputed by Arjun Singh (an illegitimate son of the 
 Raja Bijai Bahadur), but was enforced by British troops. The ancient title 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 of the family was Maharaja Rao Rija. In 1865 the Government recognised 
 the title of Maharaja as hereditary ; and on ist January 1877, at the Imperial 
 Assemblage at Delhi, in honour of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty as Empress of India, the title of Lokindar was added. The motto 
 of the family is /F/> dalap Sharaiidah (" Lord of the Brave Army, Giver of 
 Refuge"). The area of the State is about S36 square miles ; its population 
 about 183,000, chiefly Hindus, but including some gooo Muhammadans. 
 His Highness the Maharaja maintains a military force of 945 cavalry, 5203 
 infantr)', and 124 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 15 guns. 
 Residence. — Dattia, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 DAULAT RAM, Rai BaMdur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 1st January 1883. 
 Residence. — Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 DAULAT SINGH (of Kaksis), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 2nd October 1830. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a family 
 which is a branch of the Kachhwaha Rajput clan from Lahar, of Surajbansi 
 origin, claiming descent from Raja Dula Rai of Narwar. His son Indarpal 
 in the year 1033 .a.d. came to Indarki and Lahar, and established a branch of 
 the family there, dispossessing the Meo clan. The eldest son of Raja Indarpal 
 was Raja Bawan Pal, who seized Rampur in 1241, and reigned there. The 
 fifth in descent from Bawan Pal was the Raja A'man Deo, who seized Kaksis 
 and all the neighbouring territory. His descendants suffered much from the 
 Bundela invasion in 1558; and subsequently from the exactions of the 
 Pcshwa and Sindhia. The head of the family was confimied in possession 
 of the estates that remained to him when the country came under British 
 control in 1841. The Raja has a son and heir, Raghunath Singh, aged 
 about thirty-four years. 
 
 Residence. — Sikri, Pargand Madhogarh, Jalaun, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 DAULATRAI SAMPATRAI, MUNSHI, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th Fcbruar)' 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Surat, Bombay. 
 
 DAYA KISHAN, Rai. 
 
 Born sth December 1842. The title is hereditary. Is the son of Rai 
 Hingan 1^1, Kayasth, formerly Tahsikkir of Dehra Dun ; who had ay</i,i>and 
 the honorary title of Deputy Magistrate and Collector conferred on him on 
 4th August 1858, for special services rendered to the Government during 
 the Mutiny in the Jaunpur district. The Rai has a son and heir named 
 .Madan Makund, born 25th February 1865. 
 
 Residence. — Jaunpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 DAYAL SINGH (of Majithia), Sarddr. 
 
 Born in 1848 a.d. The title is hereditary, derived originally from the 
 Sikh Government, and confirmed by the British Government. The family is 
 of the Shergil Jat tribe. The great-grandfather of Sardar Dayal Singh, who 
 was named Jodh Singh, was a feudal retainer of Sardar Amar Singh Baggah, 
 who possessed a large territory in the district now called Gurdaspur, and held 
 a considerable /(/^V/-. He died in 1788. His only son, Sardar Desa Singh, 
 remained in the service of the Baggah Sardars till 1809. He entered the 
 service of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh on the reduction of the Baggah Sardars, 
 and accompanied the Maharaja in his famous expedition to Kangra. After 
 the e.xpulsion of the Gurkhas he was appointed Governor of the Hill States. 
 He continued to perform valuable service ; and with his son, Sardar Lahna 
 Singh, received extensive grants from Ranjit Singh. He died in 1832, and 
 was succeeded in all his estates and honours by Sardar Lahna Singh, father 
 of the present Sardar, who received charge of the hill territory between the 
 Ravi and the Sutlej. He proved a most capable Governor ; but on the rise 
 of Raja Hira Singh to power, he left the Punjab for a pilgrimage, to avoid 
 the enmity of Pandit Jalla. After the close of the Sutlej Campaign he 
 returned to Lahore at the invitation of the Council and the Resident, and 
 consented to join the Council. Subsequently, however, foreseeing further 
 troubles, he determined to leave the Punjab; and in January 1848 he left 
 for Benares, where he died. He was a skilful mechanist and an original 
 inventor ; and greatly improved the Sikh ordnance. 
 
 Residence. — Majithia, Amritsar, Punjab. 
 
 DAYAL SINGH (of Vadala), Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Siilkot, Punjab. 
 
 DEBI PARSHAD, Rai. 
 
 The title is personal ; was originally conferred by Carnatic Nawab, and 
 recognised December 1890. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Deccan. 
 
 DEBI PARSHAD, Rat Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January i8go. 
 Residence. — Central Provinces. 
 
 DEBI SINGH (of R4jw4ra), Rao. 
 Born i860. The title is hereditary, and has come down from ancient 
 times. The family is Bundela Rajput, and is a branch of that of the Rajas 
 of Chanderi. 
 
 Residence. — Rdjwdra, Lalitpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 I 
 
114 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 DEBI SINGH, CHAUDHRI (of Asaura), Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 4th September 1839. The title is personal ; and was conferred on 
 7th December 1888, for the Chaudhri's services in connection with the 
 improvement of agriculture. 
 
 Residence. — Meerut, Norlh-Westem Provinces. 
 
 DEDHROTA, THAKUR PUNJAJI, TMkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1850. Belongs to a Koli (aboriginal) family. The area of the 
 State is about 10 square miles ; its population about 1 100. 
 Residence. — Dedhrota, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 DELAN SINGH (of Kaimori), Rao. 
 
 Born 1 85 1. The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred 
 by Nizam Shah, Gond Raja of Mandla. Rao Anrudh Singh, the father of 
 Rao Delan Singh, rendered good service to the British Government during 
 the Mutiny of 1857. 
 
 Residence. — Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 DEO, RAJA BHIKAM NARAYAN SINGH BAHADUR, Rdjd of. 
 
 Succeeded his father, the late Maharaja Sir Joy Prakdsh Singh Bahadur 
 of Deo, K.C.S.I., in 1881. Belongs to a Sesodiya Rajput family, and claims 
 to be descended from the ancestors of His Highness the Mahdrana of 
 Udaipur, through Raja Rai Bhan Singh Bahadur. The Raja Fatheh Narayan 
 Singh, in 1782, and again in 1804, was rewarded by Government for his 
 services with a grant of land and other honours. He was succeeded by his 
 son, Ganesam Singh, who in 18 16 was similarly rewarded wnth the grant of a 
 Zaminddri ; and the son of the latter, Babu Manti Bhan Singh, rendered 
 excellent service in the Kol insurrection of 1831. Manti Bhan Singh was 
 succeeded by his son, Joy Prakdsh Singh, who was conspicuous for his loyalty 
 and faithful services during the Mutiny in 1857 ; and for his laudable exer- 
 tions in keeping this part of the district in order, and in quelling the insurrec- 
 tion in the Chutia Ndgpur division, he was at first honoured with the title of 
 Mahdrdjd Bahadur, and then in 1866 created a Knight Commander of the 
 Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. His only son is the present Raja 
 Bahadur. 
 
 Residence. — Gya, Bengal. 
 
 DEO NANDAN SINGH, Rdjd. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1891, "for his 
 high rank and position, and public spirit." Is a younger son of the late 
 Rdjd Raghu Nandan Singh, Rdjd of Sheohar, a brother of the late Rdjd Sheo 
 Nandan Singh Bahadur, and an uncle of the present Raja of Sheohar. 
 
 Residence. — Sheohar, Muzaflarpur, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 115 
 
 DEO RAO VINA YAK, Rao Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 188S. 
 Residence. — Akola, Berar. 
 
 DEODAR, WAGHELA ANANDSINGH CHANDAJI, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born 1843; succeeded to the ^'■rtif/in 1888. Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) 
 family. 
 
 Residence. — Deodar, Pdlanpur, Bombay. 
 
 DEODAR, WAGHELA DEWAJI CHANDAJI, TMkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born 1837; succeeded to the gadi in 1888. Belongs to a Rajput 
 (Hindu) family. 
 
 Residence. — Deodar, Pdlanpur, Bombay. 
 
 DEODAR, WAGHELA GAMBHIR SINGH, Thdkiir of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born 1834; succeeded to \h& gadi ist April 1890. Belongs to a Rajput 
 (Hindu) family. 
 
 Residence. — Deodar, Pdlanpur, Bombay. 
 
 DEODAR, WAGHELA SARDAR SINGH, Thdkur of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1853 ; succeeded to the gadi ist April 1890. Belongs to a Rajput 
 (Hindu) family. 
 
 Residence. — Deodar, Pilanpur, Bombay. 
 
 DERBHAVTI, RAJA BHONRAO RATNU, Rdjd of 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1870. The Chief belongs to a Bhil (aboriginal) family. The State, 
 which is one of the Dang States in Khandesh, contains an area of about 76 
 square miles, and a population of nearly 5000, chiefly Bhils and Konknas 
 (aboriginal tribes). 
 
 Residence. — Derbhavti, Khdndesh, Bombay. 
 
 DEROL, THAKUR RAMSINGHJI, Thdkur of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born 1853. Belongs to a Koli (aboriginal) family. The area of the 
 State is about 10 square miles; its population is 1224, chiefly Hindus. 
 Residence. — Derol, Mahi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
il6 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 DEVALIA, Thdkur of. See Agar. 
 
 DEVENDRA NATH MALLIK, Kumdr. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on iSth July iS6i ; the Kumar 
 being the eldest son of the late Raja Rajendra Nath Mallik. The family 
 name is Sil ; but the hereditary title of Mallik having been granted by the 
 old Mughal Emperors, has been adopted as a family name. The family is 
 very ancient ; its pedigree for twenty generations is in existence, and its head 
 has long been reckoned the Dalapati or Chief of the Shuvarnavanik caste, 
 and of the Brahmans of that clan. The crest of the family is an oval star 
 enclosing a lion. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 DEVENDRA NATH SAHAI DEO, Thdkur. 
 
 The title is hereditary, and was originally conferred by the Maharaja of 
 Chota Nagpur, and confirmed on 23rd December 1872. The family is a 
 younger branch of that of the Rajas of Chota Nagpur, and is said to be 
 descended from the pandrik ndg or sacred Serpent ; its cognisance or 
 crest is a cobra with a human face under the expanded hood. 
 
 Residence. — Lohdrdaga, Bengal. 
 
 DEWA SINGH (of Bahram), Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditar)-. 
 Residence. — Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 DEWAS, HIS HIGHNESS RAJA KRISHNAJI RAO PUAR, 
 Rdjd of {Senior Braucli). 
 
 '' Bdbd Saheb." 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born November 1849 ; succeeded to the gadi iSth March 1S61. Belongs, 
 with His Highness the Rajd of Dewas of the Junior Branch (who is called 
 the " Dada Saheb "), to a Puar Rajput family, descended from a common 
 ancestor with the Raja of Dhar. The Raja Kaluji had two sons, Tukaji and 
 Jiwaji, and these sons received from Baji Rao Peshwd the grant of the Dewas 
 State in common — the descendants of Raja Tukaji being known as the Senior 
 Branch or " Baba Saheb." Tukaji was succeeded by Krishnaji, and the latter 
 by Tukaji H., who adopted Rukmangad Rao, commonly known as Khasi 
 Saheb. He succeeded Tukaji H. in 1824; and, dying in i860, was suc- 
 ceeded by his adopted son, the present Chief. 
 
 The two Rajas of Dewas, Senior Branch and Junior Branch (or Baba 
 Saheb and Dada Saheb), reside in different palaces in the same town of 
 Dewas ; but the rule of each Chief is distinct within his own limits. Both 
 Chiefs rendered good scmce during the Mutiny. 
 
 The area of the territories under the rule of the Bab;i Saheb is i 55 square 
 miles; population about 73,940, chiefly Hindus, but including nearly 8000 
 Muhammadans. His Highness the Raja maintains a military force of 70 
 cavalry, 594 infantry, and 14 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 15 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Dewds, Indore, Central India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 117 
 
 DEW AS, HIS HIGHNESS RAJA NARAYAN RAO PUAE, 
 Rdjd of (^Junior Branch). 
 
 " Dddd Saheb." 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 20th December i860; succeeded to the gadi Sth August 1864. 
 Belongs, with His Highness the Raja of Dewas of the Senior Branch (who is 
 called the " Baba Saheb), to a Puar Rajput family, descended from a common 
 ancestor with the Raja of Dhar. The Raja Kaluji had two sons, Tukaji and 
 Jiwaji, and these sons received from Baji Rao Peshwa the grant of the Dewas 
 State in common — the descendants of Raja Jiwaji being known as the Junior 
 Branch or " Dada Saheb." Jiwaji adopted Anand Rao Puar, who, in 1837, 
 adopted Haibat Rao, who succeeded him. The latter died in 1864 and w-as 
 succeeded by his son, the present Raja. 
 
 The two Rajas of Dewas, Senior Branch and Junior Branch (or Baba 
 Saheb and Dada Saheb), reside in different palaces in the same town of 
 Dewas, but the rule of each Chief is distinct within his own limits. Both 
 Chiefs rendered good service during the Mutiny. 
 
 The area of the territories under the rule of the Dada Saheb is 134 
 square miles; population 68,222, chiefly Hindus, but including nearly 7000 
 Muhammadans. His Highness the Raja maintains a military force of 79 
 cavalry, 166 infantry, and 6 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 15 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Dewds, Indore, Central India. 
 
 DEY, KANNY LALL, C.I.E., Rai Bahddur. See Kanhai Lai De. 
 
 DHABLA DHIR and KAKARKHERI, THAKUR CHAND 
 SINGH, Thdkiir of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born about 1836 ; succeeded to the gadi in 1871. Belongs to a Rajput 
 (Hindu) family. The State, which is in the Bhopal Agency, contains an 
 area of about 10 square miles, and an estimated population of about 1000, 
 chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residetue.- — Shujdwalpur, Bhopdl, Central India. 
 
 DHABLA GHOSI, THAKUR GOPAL SINGH, TMkur of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born about 1820; succeeded to the gadi in 1854. The population of 
 his State (which is in the Bhopal Agency) is about 400, chiefly Hindus. 
 Residence. — Shujdwalpur, Bhopdl, Central India. 
 
 DHAKJI KASHINATHJI, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
Il8 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 DHAMASIA, THAKUR KALUBAWA, TMkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1834. Belongs to a Rajput (Muhammadan) family. The area of 
 the State is about 5 miles ; its population is chiefly Bhil (aborigines). 
 Resitiencc. — Dhamasia, Rewd Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 DHAMI, RANA FATEH SINGH, Rdmi of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1855; succeeded to the gadi 26th Januarj' 1870. Belongs to a 
 Rajput (Hindu) family, whose founder, on the invasion of India by Shahab- 
 ud-din Ghori in the 14th century, fled from Rajpura in the Ambala dis- 
 trict, and conquered the territory of Dhami. The State was formerly a 
 feudatory of Bilaspur, but was made directly dependent on the British Power 
 on the expulsion of the (lurkhas by the latter in 1815. The sunaJ recognis- 
 ing the Rand is dated 4th September 1815. The present Rand succeeded 
 the Rand Clovardhan Singh in 1870. The area of the State is 29 square 
 miles ; its population about 3300, chiefly Hindus. The Rand maintains a 
 military force of 60 infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Dhami, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 DHANJIBHAI FAKIRJI COMMODORE, K/idn Bahadur. 
 Created a Khan Bahddur, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893. 
 Residence. — Marri, Punjab. 
 
 DHANJISHA EDALJI MANA, Khdn Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 29th June 1886. 
 Residence. — Kardchi, .Sincl. 
 
 DHANJISHA HORMASJI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887. 
 Residence. — Kdthid\vdr, Bombay. 
 
 DHANPAT RAJ, Rdjd. 
 The title is personal, and was recognised on 9th December 1864. 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 DHANPAT RAI, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign. 
 Residence. — Peshdwar, Punjab. 
 
 DHANPAT SINGH DUGAR (of Baluchar), Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1 84 1. The title is personal, and was conferred on 13th December 
 1866. The Rai Bahadur, son of the late Pratdp Singh Dugar of the Oswal 
 caste, is a leading man among the Jains, and has founded many Dharmsalas 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 119 
 
 for the use of his co-religionists in various parts of India, and published and 
 distributed the Jain sacred books. He is a banker and manufacturer, having 
 houses in most of the great cities of Bengal, and has been distinguished for 
 his liberality and public spirit. He has been twice married, and has three 
 sons — Babu Ganpat Singh and Babu Narpat Singh by the first wife, and 
 Babu Maharaj Bahadur Singh by the second. Is an Honorary Magistrate. 
 The family emigrated about 150 years ago from Kishengarh in Rajputana, 
 and settled at Baluchar and Azimganj, in the district of Murshidabad, 
 Bengal. 
 
 Residence, — Azimganj and Baluchar, Murshidabad, Bengal. 
 
 DHAE, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA SIR ANAND RAO 
 PUAR, K.C.S.I., CLE., Raja of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 8th April 1844; succeeded to the gadi 21st November 1864. 
 Belongs (with their Highnesses the Rajas of Dewas, Senior and Junior 
 Branch) to the great Puar Rajput (Hindu) family, said to be descended from 
 the famous Hindu legendary heroes. King Vikramaditya and Raja Bhoj. 
 Raja Bhoj is said to have been the first Puar to come to Dhar. About the 
 year i 730 Anand Rao Puar, Raja of Dhar, was acknowledged by the Peshwa, 
 Baji Rao, to be the head of the Puars. One of the great historical Prin- 
 cesses of India, celebrated for her courage and abilities, and the determina- 
 tion with which she resisted the attacks of Sindhia and Holkar, was the Rani 
 Mind Bai, widow of Anand Rao II., who was the great-grandson of his 
 namesake. The Rani was succeeded by her adopted son. Raja Ramchandra 
 Puar, who adopted Jeswant Rao, the half-brother of the present Raja. Raja 
 Jeswant Rao died in 1857, and the State was confiscated for rebellion 
 during the Mutiny, but it was restored in 1864 to the present Raja, who was 
 then a minor. The title of Viszvas Rao (" Faithful ") is said to have been 
 conferred on this family by the Maharajas of Satara, as the descendants of 
 Sivaji and the heads of the Mahratta Empire, but it has not been recognised 
 in recent years. The area of the State is about 1740 square miles, and it 
 has many feudatories. The population is about 148,000, chiefly Hindus, 
 but including about 12,000 Muhammadans and about 19,000 aborigines. 
 The present Raja has been granted the title of Maharaja as a personal dis- 
 tinction, and created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, ist January 1883 ; he had been created a Knight Commander of the 
 Most Exalted Order of the Star of India on ist January 1877, on the occasion 
 of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. His 
 Highness maintains a military force of 367 cavalry, 1249 infantry, and 5 
 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 1 5 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Dhdr, Bhopdwar, Central India. 
 
 DHARAM NARAYAN, Rat Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 1888. 
 Residence. — Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 DHARAM NARAYAN PANDIT, C.I.E., Jiai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 15th February i860. 
 Residence. — Indore, Central India. 
 
 DHARAM SINGH (of Bichviri), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1857. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Jat family, of Manjha. 
 Punjab. Sarddr Dargdha Singh acquired considerable territory by conquest 
 in 1759 A.D., but his descendants were deprived of the largest portion of 
 their estates by the Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The grandson of the Sarddr 
 Dargdha Singh was Sarddr Dewa Singh, who was the father of the present 
 Sarddr. 
 
 Residence. — Bichuri, Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 DHARAMPUR, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARANA SHRI 
 NARAYANDEVJI RAMDEVJI, Rdjd of. 
 
 Born 3rd September 1840; succeeded to the gadi 20th January i860. 
 Belongs to the Solar race of Udaipur, and is consequently a Sesodiya Rdjput. 
 His Highness's ancestors have borne the title of Mahdrdnd from time imme- 
 morial. They were the Rdjds of the Surat district when the British first 
 came to the countr)-, and have always been recognised by the Paramount 
 Power. His Highness has four sons — Shri Dharamdevji, Shri Mohandevji, 
 Shri Haridevji, and Shri Baldevji. His banner bears a golden-yellow sun in 
 the centre of the field, in virtue of his descent from " the Sun of the Hindus," 
 the Udaipur Chief. Has two grandsons, also several daughters and grand- 
 daughters ; and has received a sanad guaranteeing him the privilege of adojv 
 tion. The area of the State is 794 square miles ; its population about 
 102,000, chiefly Hindus. His Highness maintains a military force of 40 
 cavalry, i 7 1 infantry, and 4 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Dharampur, Surat, Bombay. 
 
 DHARMA RAO NAYADU, R., Jiao Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1857; ap|)ointcd Deputy Collector in 1869; Assistant Commis- 
 sioner of Salt Revenue in 1880; granted the personal title of Rao Bahadur 
 in 1890. 
 
 Residi-ncc. — Cocanada, God.ivari District, Madras. 
 
 DHARMRAJ KUNWAR (of Parhat and RAjdbazAr), Rdni. 
 
 Born 1S54; succeeded her late husband, the Raja Mahesh Nardyan of 
 Rajdbazar, on nth October 1878. The family are Raghubansi Rdjputs, 
 whose founder came from Kaliangarh Sawain, and acquired the territories of 
 Rdjdbazdr. The neighbouring Rdjds conferred the title of Rdjd by tilak 
 some 200 or 300 years ago, and the late Rdjd was the seventh who had 
 home the title. He was Rdjd of I'arhat, in the district of Partdbgarh, Oudh, 
 as well as of Rdjdbazdr ; and was an Honorary Magistrate both in Oudh and 
 in the North-Western Provinces. 
 
 Residence. — Rdjdbazdr, Garwdra, Jaunpur District, Nortli-Westem Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 The Santai: of the Chauhan 
 Rajputs, called Chakra, used 
 in the seal and for signature. 
 
 (A circle with four Trisuias or 
 Tridents as radii at the car- 
 dinal points-} 
 
 DHARNANDA, THAKUR BHIM SINGH, 
 
 Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1859 ; succeeded to the gadi in December 
 1887. Belongs to a Chauhan Rajput (Hindu) 
 family, descended from Thdkur Chhatar Sal, who 
 was recognised by the British Government in 
 1843. '^he population of the State is about 
 5000, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Dharnanda, Gwalior, Central India. 
 
 DHARUP SINGH, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The ancestor of this family, Rao Kehari Singh, 
 did good service with Sultan Muhammad, Nawab of Rahatgarh, in return for 
 which he received the title and considerable grants. The father of the 
 present Rao Saheb was the Rao Jag Raj Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 DHAUKAL PARSHAD, MUNSHI, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 27th February 1828. The title is personal, and was conferred on 
 2nd January i888. Belongs to a Kaniingo family oi Pargand Karsoli, and 
 rendered good service to Government during the Mutiny. Is an Honorary 
 Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Mainpuri, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 DHENKANAL, RAJA SURA PRATAP MAHINDRA 
 BAHADUR, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1884; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 29th August 1885. 
 The family are Kshatriya Hindus, and were anciently feudatories of the 
 old Rajas of Orissa ; said to have been founded by Harihar Samant Singhar, 
 who established himself in Dhenkanal after killing the aboriginal Raja 
 Dhenka, from whom the State derives its modern name. The titles of 
 Samant, Singhar, B rahmarbar wtxe conferred on the family by the old Rajas 
 of Orissa. Subsequently the title of Mahindra Bahadur was conferred by 
 the Mahrattas, who also recognised the title of Raja, which finally was con- 
 ferred on the predecessor of the present Chief by the Government of India 
 in 1874. The family crest and seal is the minaketana, a flag bearing the 
 emblem of the sacred fish. The area of the State, which is one of the 
 Orissa Tributary Mahals, is 1463 square miles; its population about 208,316, 
 chiefly Hindus, but including about 80,000 Savars and other aboriginal 
 tribesmen. The Raja maintains a military force of 343 infantry and 8 guns. 
 Residence. — Dhenkanal, Orissa, Bengal. 
 
 DHIRAJ KARAN, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Granted the title of Rai Bahadur, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 
 
 1893. 
 
 Residence. — -Monghyr, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 DHOLPUR, His Highness the Mahdrdj Rdnd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1862 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 9th February 1S73. The 
 full titles of this Chief are — Major His Highness Rais-ud-dauld Sipahdar-ul- 
 Mulk, Maharaj-Adhiraj Sri Sawai Mahdrdj Rdnd Nihal Singh, Lokindar Baha- 
 dur, Diler Jang, Jai Deo. Belongs to a Jat (Hindu) family, which traces its 
 pedigree back to the nth century, when it held lands under the Puar Kings 
 of Delhi. In later times it acquired territory on the banks of the Chambal, 
 and was powerful in the 1 8th century, when the Rdnd of Gohad, ancestor of 
 the present Mahdrdj Rdnd, joined the British troops in the Mahratta war in 
 1779. The title of Rand had been recognised by the Emperor Sikandar 
 Lodi of Delhi, but in 1779 the British recognised the Rdnd as Mahdrdj 
 Rand. In 1805 Lord Cornwallis granted Gohad to Sindhia, and in exchange 
 granted to the Mahdrdj Rdnd Kirat Singh (ancestor of the present Chief) the 
 territories of Dholpur, Bdri, and Rdjdkhera. Kirat Singh was succeeded by 
 Bhag\vant Singh, who showed great loyalty during the Mutiny of 1857, and 
 was created a Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of 
 India. His son married a daughter of the late Rdja of Patidla, but died 
 before his father, leaving a son and heir, the present Mahdrdj Rdnd, who 
 succeeded his grandfiither in 1873. The area of the State is 1200 square 
 miles; its population about 250,000, chiefly Hindus, but including 18,000 
 Muhammadans and 2500 Jains. The Mahdrdj Rdnd maintains a military 
 force of 139 cavalr)-, 1588 infantry, and 32 guns. His Highness is an 
 Honorary Major in the British army, and is entitled to a salute of 15 guns. 
 The family colour was azure, but in an encounter towards the end of the last 
 centur)' the then Chief captured from the Thdkurs of Bamraoli a golden- 
 yellow flag, with a figure of Hanunidn (the monkey-god) in the centre of the 
 field, and this has been subsequently adopted as the family cognisance. 
 
 Arms. — Or, a "Hanumdn" gules, on a chief azure a sword between two 
 towers or. Supporters. — Two R.1jput warriors in full armour. Orest. — 
 A " Narsinghji " (man-lion) proper. Motto. — Milra Afitra, Amitra Amitra 
 (" Sure friend, sure foe.") 
 
 Residence. — Dholpur, Rdjputdna. 
 
 I 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 123 
 
 DHRANGADRA, HIS HIGHNESS SIR MANSINGHJI 
 RANMALSINGHJI, K.C.S.I., Raj Saheb of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born nth January 1837 ; succeeded to the j^adi on the death of his 
 father, His late Highness the Raj Saheb Ranmalsinghji, K. C.S.I. , on 28th 
 October 1869. Is the head of the Jhala Rajputs, and the Chief of this 
 family has consequently long held the title of Raj Saheb, while the title of 
 " Maharana " is commonly used by the Jhala clansmen of their chief, and it 
 is also commonly used as the vernacular equivalent of " His Highness," the 
 title conferred by the Queen Empress. The Jhala Rajputs are said to have 
 entered Kathiawar from Sind in the 8th century a.d., and the founder of this 
 dynasty is stated to have been Harapal Devji, who obtained from the 
 Solankhi Rajput Chief of Patan the grant of the district subsequently known 
 as Jhalawar in Kathiawar. It may be noted that the State of Jhalawar in 
 Rajputana was founded in the beginning of the 18th century A.D. by Jhala 
 emigrants from Kathiawar. His Highness's ancestors — from whom also 
 descend the Chiefs of Wankdner, Limri, Wadhwan, Chura, Sayla, and Than- 
 Lakhtar — were settled first at Patri in Ahmadabad ; then at Halwad in 
 Kathiawar; and finally at Dhrangadra. Sir Mansinghji has been dis- 
 tinguished for the enlightened character of his administration, especially in 
 the matters of public instruction and internal communications. He has 
 established an efficient girls' school at Dhrangadra, and many good schools 
 throughout the State ; and has constructed many good roads, and other 
 public works. To commemorate the visit of His Royal Highness the Duke 
 of Edinburgh to Bombay in 1870 His Highness contributed a large sum 
 towards the erection of a Dharmsdla at Rajkot ; and his loyalty was still 
 more conspicuously displayed on the occasion of the landing of His Royal 
 Highness the Prince of Wales at Bombay in 1875, which was celebrated by 
 the erection and endowment of the Albert Edward Hospital at Dhrangadra. 
 His Highness was prevented by serious illness from attending the Imperial 
 Assemblage at Delhi on the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India, but he was on that occasion created a Knight Com- 
 mander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, and received the 
 addition of four guns to his salute as a personal distinction. When he was 
 presented with the insignia of the Star of India, at the same time as His 
 Highness the Jam of Nauanagar, the Political Agent, speaking for the 
 Government, said : " His Highness the Raj Saheb of Dhrangadra commands 
 respect as the head, both of the Jhala tribe and of a ruling house second to 
 none in domestic virtue. He now accedes to the honours enjoyed by his 
 father. Sir Ranmalsinghji, the worthy son of a worthy sire. The decorations 
 granted to these princes are the natural ornaments of exalted hereditary rank." 
 Much sympathy was felt for His Highness when, in 1879, he lost his eldest 
 son and heir, the late Rajkumar Jaswantsinghji, whose son (the grandson of 
 the present Chief) is now the heir-apparent to the gadi. The area of the 
 State is 1156 square miles; its population about 100,000, chiefly Hindus, 
 but including about 6000 Muhammadans. The Raj Saheb maintains a 
 military force of 103 cavalry, 470 infantry, and 9 guns; and is entitled to a 
 salute of 15 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Dhrangadra, Kithidwir. 
 
124 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 DHROL, THAKUR SAHEB HARISINGHJI JAISINGHJI, 
 2'hdkur Sirheb of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1846; succeeded his father, the late Thakur Saheb Jesinghji, 26th 
 October 1886. Is a Jareja Rajput, descended from a brother of Jam Rawal, 
 the first Jam of Nauanagar, who founded that State in 1542 a.d; and the 
 family is also the same as that of His Highness the Maharao Raja, of Kutch. 
 The area of the State is about 283 square miles ; its population is about 
 22,000, chiefly Hindus, but including nearly 3000 Muhammadans. The 
 Thakur Saheb maintains a military force of 25 cavalry, 285 infantry', and 6 
 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Dhrol, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 DHULATIA, THAKUR FATEH SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chiet'. 
 
 Born about 1866 ; succeeded to the gadi in 1872. Belongs to a Rajput 
 (Hindu) family. 
 
 Residence. — Dhulatia, Western M.-ihv.1, Central India. 
 
 DHURWAI, DIWAN RANJOR SINGH, Jd-irddr of 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born about 1833 ; succeeded to the gadi 14th January 185 1. Belongs 
 to a Bundela Rajput (Hindu) family, descended from the Raja Bir Singh Deo 
 of Orchha. The area of the State, which is one of the Hashtbhai Jdgirs, is 
 al)out 18 square miles; its population is about 1600, chiefly Hindus. The 
 Jagirdar maintains a military force of 10 cavalry, 100 infantry, and 3 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Dhurwai, Bundelkhand, Central Indi.T. 
 
 DILAWAR SINGH (of Tilokpur), Midn. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Kdngra, Punjab. 
 
 DINA NATH, PANDIT, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893, for eminent 
 service in the Police. 
 
 Residence. — Central Provinces. 
 
 DINABANDHU NYAYARATNA, Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 18S7 for 
 eminence in oriental learning, on the occasion of the Jubilee of Her 
 Majesty's reign. It entitles him to take rank in Darbar immediately after 
 titular Raj.is. 
 
 Residence. — Konnagar, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 12$ 
 
 DINANATH GHOSH, Rai Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on nth December 1884. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 DINBNDRA NARAYAN RAI, Kumar. 
 
 Honorary INIagistrate and Municipal Commissioner of Calcutta. Granted 
 the title of Kumar, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 DINKAR RAO, SIR, K.C.S.I., Rdjd Mushir-i-Khas Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1S19. The title is hereditary. The Raja comes of an ancient 
 Dakhani family of the Bombay Presidency, but usually resides in Agra, 
 Cawnpur, or Benares, in the North -Western Provinces. Was Minister of 
 His late Highness the Maharaja Sindhia of Gwalior till 1859 : subsequently 
 became Superintendent of the Dholpur State, and was a Member of the 
 Baroda Commission. The Raja was created in 1866 a Knight Commander 
 of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. At the Imperial Assemblage 
 at Delhi, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty 
 as Empress of India, he received the title of Raja Mushir-i-Khas Bahadur as 
 a personal distinction, and on 28th August 1884 this was declared hereditary. 
 His son and heir is named Raghunath Rao Dinkar, born 4th August 1858. 
 
 Residence. — Agra, North-Western Pro\inces. 
 
 DINSHA DOSABHAI KHAMBATTA, Khan Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on iSth August 1881. 
 Residence. — Disa, Bombay. 
 
 DIWAN CHAND, Rai. 
 
 Born 1S35. The only son of Diwan Ganpat Rai; who was in favour 
 with the Maharaja Ranjit Singh, appointed by him tutor of his grandson, and 
 rewarded by the grant of a jdgir and the appointment of Hazurnavis. 
 Descended from a family whose ancestor, Gaggan Mai, was distinguished, in 
 the time of the Emperor Akbar, as the founder of Ghartal in Sialkot, and 
 obtained the title of Malik. His grandsons, Diwan Ramji Mai and Shamji 
 Mai, earned the title of Diwan in the time of the Emperor Aurangzeb ; Ramji 
 Mai was appointed Hazurnavis, and Shamji obtained a command in the 
 Kabul army. The family left Ghartal for Jammu, and subsequently for Dera 
 Nanak ; but Diwan Nand Gopal, the grandfather of Rai Diwan Chand, 
 returned to the ancestral home. His son was Diwan Ganpat Rai mentioned 
 above, who was appointed by the Maharaja Sher Singh officer in charge of 
 the magazines. He was a brave soldier, and fought in the battles of Pesha- 
 war, Multan, and Dera Ismail Khan; and throughout the rebellions of 1847 
 and 184S attached himself to the British Resident. The Rai Diwan Chand 
 was for some time Tahsildar of Roras in Wazirabad ; has subsequently been 
 an able and successful journalist and author, as well as distinguished in 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 municipal and university work, and is Vice-President of the Punjab Press 
 Association. Received the title on 24th May 1889. Has two sons, Munshi 
 Brij Lai and Munshi Gayan Chand. 
 Residence. — Sidlkot, Punjab. 
 
 DIWAN MUHAMMAD, SAYYID, Khdti Saheb. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893, for eminent 
 services in the post of Mir Munshi of the British Agency at Kibul. 
 Residence. — Kharar, Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 DODA KHAN, Mulk. 
 The title is hereditar)'. 
 Residence. — Sind. 
 
 DOSABHAI FRAMJI KARAKA, C.S.I. 
 
 A distinguished citizen and oflficial of Bombay, late Collector of Bombay 
 and Chairman of the Justices. Created a Companion of the Most Exalted 
 Order of the Star of India on ist January 1877, on the occasion of the 
 Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. 
 
 DOSABHAI PESTANJI, Khdn BaMdur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Sural, Bombay. 
 
 DOST ALI KHAN tmlad AHMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being descended from one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 DOST ALI KHAN, Nawdb. 
 The title is personal. 
 Residence. — T.ljpur, Sind. 
 
 DOST MUHAMMAD icalad WALIDAD KHAN, ^fir. 
 
 The title is iKicditary, tlie Mir being descended from one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 DOTRIA. See Bhaisola. 
 
 DRUG SINGH (of Sarekha), Tluikur. 
 Born 1836. The title is hereditary ; and is stated to have been originally 
 conferred by the Gond Rajas, Harade Shah and Nizam Shah of Mandla. 
 
 I 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 127 
 
 The family is Gond (aboriginal), and is descended from Thakur Bhik Rai : 
 whose grandson, Thakur Ranju Singh, was father of Thakur Prithi Singh, and 
 grandfather of the present Thakur. Thakur Drug Singh has three sons — 
 Thakur Jai Singh, Deo Singh, and Sardar Singh. 
 Residence. — Seoni, Central Provinces. 
 
 DUDHPUR, THAKUR ANUPBAWA DADABAWA, Thakur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born 1878; succeeded to \.he gadi i8th November 18S8. Belongs to 
 a Rajput (Muhammadan) family. 
 
 Residence. — Dudhpur, Rewd Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 DUGRI, MIAN KHUDA BAKSH, Mian of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born about 1854 ; succeeded to the gadi 5th December 1883. Belongs 
 to a Pindari (Muhammadan) family. 
 
 Residence. — Dugri, Bhopal, Central India. 
 
 DUJANA, JALAL-UD-DAULA NAWAB MUHAMMAD MUM- 
 TAZ ALI KHAN BAHADUR MUSTAKIL JANG, iXaivdd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1864 ; succeeded to the gadi 15th October 1879, on the death of 
 the late Nawab Muhaminad Saadat Ali Khan. The Nawab belongs to an 
 Afghan (Muhammadan) family ; whose founder, Abdus Samand Khan, with 
 his sons, obtained the grant of large estates from Lord Lake as a reward for 
 service rendered. The tenure was made hereditary, and other territories 
 added, by a sanad dated 4th May 1806. The Nawab Abdus Samand Khan 
 was succeeded by his son Dunde Khan, and he by the Nawab Hasan Ali 
 Khan, who was the father of the late Nawab Muhammad Saadat Ali Khan. 
 The area of the State is 89 square miles; its population 23,416, chiefly 
 Hindus, but including nearly 6000 Muhammadans. The Nawab maintains 
 a military force of 25 cavalry and 140 infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Dujdna, Rohtak, Punjab. 
 
 DULAM SINGH (of Piparia), Thakur. 
 
 Born 1850. The title is hereditary. The Thakur is a grandson of 
 Thakur Ananta Singh, who was a brother of Thakur Prithi Singh, the father 
 of Thakur Drug Singh of Sarekha (see above). The title was originally 
 derived from the Gond Rajas of Mandla. 
 
 Residence. — Seoni, Central Provinces. 
 
 DUMRAON, MAHARAJA SIR RADHA PRASAD SINGH 
 BAHADUR, KG. I.E., Mahdrdfi of 
 
 Born 14th August 1841. Belongs to an ancient Kshatriya (Hindu) 
 family, claiming descent from the Rdja Vikramaditya of Malwa, through the 
 Raja Bhoj Singh, who founded the ancient Hindu city of Bhojpur, the ruins 
 
128 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 of which are distant about one mile from Dumraon, in the district of Shah- 
 abad. One of the descendants of Raja Bhoj Singh was Narayan Mai, on 
 whom it is said that the Mughal Emperor Jahangir conferred the title of 
 Raja in the year 1604 a.d. ; and his son, grandson, and great-grandson in 
 turn received the same title. The last-named was the Raja Haril Singh, who 
 in the year 1720 a.d. received from the Emperor Muhammad Shah the title of 
 Rajd, extensive grants of land, and the command of looo infantry and 800 
 cavalry. His son was the Raja Chhatardhari Singh, who also obtained the 
 same title and further grants from the Emperor Muhammad Shah in 1746 
 A.D. Chhatardhari's son was the Raja Vikramdditya Singh, who received his 
 title in 1771 a.d. from the Emperor Shah Alam, and subsequently obtained 
 a confirmation thereof and sundry grants from the British Government. His 
 son, Jai Prakds Singh, seems to have obtained the title of Maharaja from the 
 Marquess of Hastings in 181 6. He was succeeded by his grandson, Janaki 
 Prasad Singh, who died whilst a minor ; and the latter in turn was foUowed 
 by his uncle, the late Mahardja Maheshwar Bakhsh Singh (father of the 
 present Mahdrdja), who was a younger son of the Rajd Jai Prakds Singh, 
 born 20th October 1803, and succeeded to the Rdj in 1844. The Mahdrdjd 
 Maheshwar Bakhsh Singh took a leading part in the reception of His Royal 
 Highness the Prince of Wales ; and was honoured with the gift of a portrait- 
 medal from His Royal Highness, and a letter of acknowledgment of his 
 services. He was reported to stand conspicuous for his loyalty and liberality 
 on all occasions, and was created a Knight Commander of the Most Exalted 
 Order of the Star of India. Dying in 1881, he was succeeded by his son, 
 the present Mahardja Rddha Prasdd Singh Bahadur. The latter had been 
 created a Rajd during the lifetime of his father, for good ser\'ice rendered 
 during the great famine of 1873-74; and he had also been honoured by 
 receiving a portrait-medal from His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, 
 and a letter of acknowledgment for services rendered in the reception of His 
 Royal Highness. On succeeding his father he received the title of Mahdrdjd 
 Bahddur as a personal distinction, 13th January 1882. 
 Residc-ttce. — Dumraon, Shdhabad, Bengal. 
 
 DUN, MAUNG, Thuye-gaung Ng^veda ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. It means 
 " Reci|)ient of the Silver Sword for Bravery," and is indicated by the letters 
 T.D. M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Katha, Burma. 
 
 DUNJ SHETAN (of Spiti), Nono of Spit!. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Nono being the descendant of the Tibetan 
 Chiefs, formerly feudatories of Ladakh in Tibet. Since the conclusion of 
 the first Sikh war in 1846, Spiti has been an outlying subdivision of the 
 Himalayan district of Kdngra, Punjab ; and is administered by British 
 officials with the aid of the Nono, who is an Honorary Magistrate. The 
 population of the valley — which is covered by deep snow ever)' year from 
 December to April — is hardly 3000, almost cntin-ly Tibetan in race. 
 
 Residence. — Spiti, Kdngra, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF IXDIA 129 
 
 DUNGAEPUR, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAWAL UDAI SINGH 
 BAHADUR, Mahdrdwal of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 22nd May 1S39; succeeded to the gadi 28th September 1846. 
 Is a Sesodia Rajput, descended from a branch of the ruling family of 
 Udaipur, the "Sun of the Hindus." The Mahdrawals of Dungarpur were 
 ributary, from time to time, to the INIughal Emperors of Delhi and to the 
 Mahrattas ; from whom they were finally rescued by the British Power, 
 a treaty being concluded in 1818. The Bhils were reduced to submission ; 
 and in 1825 the Maharawal Jaswant Singh, being found incompetent, was 
 deposed by the Government, and his adopted son Dalpat Singh, second son 
 of the Chief of Partabgarh, appointed to succeed. Subsequently the 
 Maharawal Dalpat Singh succeeded to the gadi of Partabgarh ; so the British 
 Government permitted him to adopt the present Maharawal (then a minor) 
 to succeed him in Dungarpur. The Maharawal has a son and heir, the 
 Maharaj Kunwar Khuman Singh. The distinctive family colour is red. 
 The area of the State is about 1000 square miles; its population about 
 154,000, chiefly Hindus, but including 3609 Muhammadans and 67,000 
 Bhils (aborigines). His Highness the Maharawal maintains a military force 
 of 251 cavalry, 535 infantry, and 8 guns; and is entitled to a salute of 
 15 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Dungarpur, Rdjputina. 
 
 DUR MUHAMMAD KHAN, KHAGWANI, Bahadur 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on iith March 1859. 
 Residence. — Dera Ismail Khan, Punjab. 
 
 DURGA CHARAN LAHA, G.I.E., Maharaja. 
 
 Born 23rd November 1822. The title is personal, and was conferred 
 on 30th May 1891. The Maharaja, whose family name is more commonly 
 spelt " Law," was born at Chinsurah ; educated at the Hindu College, 
 Calcutta ; senior partner of the firm of Messrs. Prawn Kissen Law and 
 Company, and a Zamindar ; appointed Justice of the Peace and Honorary 
 Presidency Magistrate ; first native Member of the Port Commission ; 
 Member of the Bengal Legislative Council 1874 ; a Member of the Senate 
 of the Calcutta University; elected a Governor of the Mayo Hospital nth 
 April 1878; Member of the Imperial Legislative Council 1882 ; Commis- 
 sioner for the Reduction of Public Debt February 1882; Sheriff 1882; 
 made a Companion of the Indian Empire 24th ALiy 1884 ; President of the 
 British Indian Association in 1885 and 1888; the title of Raja was con- 
 ferred in 1887 ; again appointed a Member of the Imperial Legislative 
 Council 1 888 ; the title of Maharaja conferred in 1891 ; and exempted from 
 personal attendance in Civil Courts 27th January 1892. The Maharaja has 
 two sons — the Mahardj-Kumar Kristo Dass Law, born 24th February 1 849 ; 
 and Maharaj-Kumar Rishee Kesh Law, born 4th May 1852, both Honorary 
 Presidency Magistrates. 
 
 Residence.— z Comwallis Street, Calcutta. 
 
I30 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 DURGA GATI BANARJI, Rat Bahadur. 
 
 Is a distinguished member of the Uncovenanted Civil Service. Obtained 
 the title on ist January 1891, "for good work as Personal Assistant to the 
 Commissioners of the Patna and Presidency Divisions, and as Collector of 
 Stamp Revenue and Superintendent of Excise Revenue, Calcutta." 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 DURGA PARSHAD, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 8th September 1827. The title was conferred on ist January 1885, 
 as a personal distinction. Belongs to a family which came originally from 
 Kanauj in the Farrukhabad district and settled in Bareli. Educated at Bareli ; 
 appointed to the Education Service in 1852, in which he served with great 
 distinction, and was made Inspector of Schools of the Western Circle of Oudh 
 in 1870. At the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi on ist January 1877, on 
 the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress 
 of India, received a Silver Medal and a Certificate of Honour. In 18S3 
 appointed Inspector of Schools for Rohilkhand, and retired on pension in 
 1885. Is an Honorary Magistrate, and has filled many important public 
 positions. The Rai Bahadur has three sons — Kunwar Kanhia Lai, born 
 1850; Kunwar Lai Bahadur, born 1863; Kunwar Jagdamba Prasad, 
 born 1870. 
 
 Residence. — Bareli, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 DURGA PARSHAD, Rai BaMdur. 
 
 Born 9th October 1843. The title was conferred on 29th May 1SS6, as 
 a personal distinction. Belongs to a family that came originally from Lahore 
 and settled at Benares, purchasing estates in various districts. His grand- 
 father was Kanhaiya Lai, who was treasurer of Gorakhpur 1802-14. ^^'^ 
 appointed an Honorary Magistrate in 1 8 7 i , and has rendered good service 
 in that capacity. Received a Certificate of Honour at the Imperial Assem- 
 blage of Delhi on ist January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of 
 Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India ; and in 1879 was presented 
 with a khilat in recognition of his ser^•ices in the famine of 1876-77. Is a 
 .Member of the Legislative Council of the North-Western Provinces. 
 
 Residence. — Gor.1khpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 DURGA PRASAD, PANDIT, Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on the 2Sth May 1892, 
 in recognition of his eminence as an oriental scholar. It entitles him to take 
 rank in Darbar immediately after titular Rajas. 
 
 Residence. — Jaipur, R.-Sjputdna. 
 
 DURGA PRASHAD GHOSH, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title was conferred on ist January 1878, as a personal distinction. 
 Residence. — Hugli, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 131 
 
 DURJAN SINGH (of Fatehpur), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 22nd July 1837. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Raj Gond 
 family that claims an antiquity of more than 900 years, the tradition being 
 that the Jdgtr of Fatehpur was granted to their ancestors in 939 a.d. A 
 sanad oi the Raja Kamal Nain, Gond Raja of Mandla, dated 1500 a.d., is 
 still in existence, conferring or confirming this/if^'//-. 
 
 Residence. — Hoshangabad, Central Provinces. 
 
 DWARIKA NATH MUKHARJI, Ral Bahadur. 
 
 Born in February 1S31. The title was conferred on 15th March 1SS2, 
 as a personal distinction. Belongs to a Kulin Brahman family of high caste, 
 descended from the famous Kamdev Pandit. Educated at the Nizamat 
 College, Murshidabad. Appointed to the Public Works Department in 1849 ; 
 and from 1856 to 1889 executed many very important works in Fort 
 ^Villiam and elsewhere. Rendered valuable service during the Mutiny of 
 1857 ; retired on pension August 1889. His grandfather, Navakisor 
 Mukharji, was in the service of the late King of Oudh ; and his father, the 
 Diwan Radhanath Mukharji, was m the Public Works Department, and 
 became Diwan to Her Highness the Nawab Bhao Begam. Has a son and 
 heir, Babu Devendranath Mukharji. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 DWARKA TEWARI, SUBAHDAR, Rai Bahddiir. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. 
 Residence. — N epil. 
 
 EDALJI PESTANJI, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th February 1875. 
 Residence. — Mhow, Central India. 
 
 ELAYA RAJA, The. See Travancore, Maharaja of; 
 also see Cochin, Rdjd of. 
 
 PAGHPUR MIRZA, Mirza Bahddur. 
 
 Is the son-in-law of the late Wajid Ali Shah, King of Oudh. Son of 
 Nawab Mumtaz-ud-daula, son of Asghar Ali Khan, eldest son of Muhammad 
 Ali Shah, third King of Oudh. On the death of the latter he was succeeded 
 by his second son, Amjad Ali Shah, though the Nawab Mumtaz-ud-daula, 
 the son of the eldest son, was alive. Mumtaz-ud-daula married Zinat-un- 
 Nissa, the daughter of Malika Zamani, one of the consorts of Nasir-ud-din 
 Haidar, second king. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
132 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 FAIZ ALI KHAN BAHADUR (of Kotah), NAWAB SIR, 
 
 K.C.S.I. 
 
 The Nawdb Bahadur was created a Knight Commander of the Most 
 Exalted Order of the Star of India, 31st December 1875. 
 Residence. — Kotah, Rdjputdna. 
 
 FAIZ MUHAMMAD KAZI, Khdn Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 12th April 1876. 
 Residence. — Kardchi, Sind. 
 
 FAIZ-ULLA KHAN, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on loth July 1878. 
 Residence. — Jodhpur, Rajputdna. 
 
 FAIZ-UN-NISA, CHAUDHRAIN, Nawdb Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1889. 
 Residence. — Tipperah, liengal. 
 
 FAKHR-UD-DIN HAIDAR ALI KHAN, SAYYID, Nawdb 
 
 Jntikhah-itd-dauld. 
 
 Is a grandson of the late Wajid Ali Shah, King of Oudh, being the son 
 of the Nawab Azmat-ud-daula, who married one of the King's daughters. 
 The title was granted to Azmat-ud-daula by King Wajid Ali Shah in 1849. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 FAKIRJI JIWAJI, Khdn Salub. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 3rd February 1882. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 FARDANJI PESTANJI, K)uin Sahib. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 8th October 1874. 
 Residence. — Poona, Rombay. 
 
 FARID UD-DIN, MAULAVI, SAYYID, K/tdn Bahadur. 
 
 Born September 1827. The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th 
 February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty, for distinguished service as a Judge. The family traces its 
 descent from Sayyid Abdul Khair, of Khursan, who settled in Kara, district 
 AUaliabad, in the year 1 300. The Kh;in Bahadur's ancestors received muafi 
 grants from the Mughal Emperors for their ability and learning. 
 
 Residence. — Agra, North-Westcm Provinces, 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 133 
 
 FARIDKOT, His Highness the Rdjd Bahadur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1842 ; succeeded to the gadi 22nd April 1874. His full titles are 
 — His Highness Farzand-i-Saadat-i-Nishan-i-Hazrat-i-Kaisar-i-Hind Barar Bans 
 Raja Bikram Singh Bahadur, Raja Bahadur of Faridkot. Is the head of the 
 Barar Jat tribe of Sikhs, the family tracing their origin from Barar, seventeenth 
 in descent from Jesal, the founder of the Jesalmir State, and the ancestor of 
 the Sidhu and other illustrious Jat clans. A descendant of Barar's, named 
 Ballan, rose to eminence in the time of the Emperor Akbar. His nephew 
 built Kot-Kapura, a fort about six miles south of the town of Faridkot ; and 
 a descendant named Sardar Hamir Singh became independent Chief of 
 Faridkot in 1782. In 1808 Faridkot submitted to the Maharaja Ranjit 
 Singh, and the territory was granted to Diwan Mokam Chand, the Lahore 
 General. But when in 1808-9 the British Government demanded from the 
 Maharaja the surrender of his conquests on the left bank of the Sudej, 
 Faridkot was given back to its ancient possessors; and in 1845, when the 
 tirst Sikh war broke out, the Sardar Pahar Singh of Faridkot attached him- 
 self to the English, using his utmost exertions to collect supplies and carriage, 
 and furnishing guides for the army. Pahar Singh received as his reward the 
 title of Raja, together with half the territory confiscated from the Raja of 
 Nabha, and in this obtained possession once more of Kot-Kapura, the 
 ancestral seat of his family. He was succeeded by his son, the Raja Wazir 
 Singh, who joined the English in the second Sikh war, and greatly dis- 
 tinguished himself during the Mutiny of 1857 by seizing mutineers, guarding 
 the ferries over the Sutlej, and attacking a notorious rebel named Sham Das, 
 whose village he destroyed. His troops served with credit under General 
 Van Cortlandt in Sirsa and elsewhere. For these services Raja Wazir Singh 
 received the additional tides of " Barar Bans Raja Saheb Bahadur," a khilat 
 of increased value, and a salute of 1 1 guns. He was also exempted from 
 the service of ten horsemen, which he had previously had to provide ; and in 
 1862 he received a sanad conferring the right of adoption. The present 
 Raja has given up excise and transit duties in exchange for compensation. 
 The area of the State is 612 square miles; its population 97,034, of whom 
 40,182 are Sikhs, 27,463 are Hindus, and 29,035 are Muhammadans. His 
 Highness maintains a military force of 70 cavalry, 300 infantry, and 6 guns; 
 and is entitled to a salute of 1 1 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Faridkot, Punjab. 
 
134 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 FARRUKH MUHAMMAD TAKI ALI, Mirza Bahddur. 
 
 Is the grandson of the late Amjad AH Shah, fourth King of Oudh, being 
 the son of Mirza Dara Sitwat. The title was conferred by King Muhammad 
 AH Shah on Prince Dara Sitwat in 1838. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 FARRUKH SHAH. See Muhammad Farrukh Shah. 
 
 FARRUKH SIYAR, Shdhzdda. 
 
 Is a descendant of Shah Shuja, the King of Kabul, who was restored to 
 the throne of Afghanistan by the British. The title is a personal one, and 
 was recognised 4th February 1853. 
 
 Residence. — Ludhidna, Punjab. 
 
 FATEH KHAN walad ABBAS ALI KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Sind. 
 
 FATEH KHAN walad AHMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 Tlie title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Amirs 
 of the Talpur family. Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shik.-trpur, Sind. 
 
 FATEH KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 FATEH KHAN, Nawdb. 
 
 The title is jiersonal ; a courtesy title 
 Residence. — Hala, Sind. 
 
 FATEH KHAN, MIR (of Mirpur), His Highness. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on loth November 1877, His 
 Highness being a descendant of the Amir who was ruling at the time of the 
 conquest. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 135 
 
 PATEH KHAN, Khan. 
 The title is hereditary, and was conferred on ist January 1877. 
 Residence. — Chang, Merwara. 
 
 FATEH KHAN GHEBA, SARDAR, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 18SS. 
 Residence. — Rdwalpindi, Punjab. 
 
 FATEH SHER KHAN, TIWANA, MALLIK, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on 31st January i860 as a personal distinction. 
 Belongs to an ancient Rajput family, the Tiwanas of Mitha Tiwana, who 
 claim common descent with the Sials of Jhang and the Ghebas of Pindigheb, 
 all in the division of Rawalpindi, Punjab. Amir Ali Khan was the founder 
 of the family ; and his son, Mir Ahmad Khan, built Mitha Tiwana, which 
 became a flourishing town under his successors, Dadu Khan and Sher Khan. 
 Dadu Khan was killed in a skirmish with his own son Sher Khan, who then 
 became Chief. His grandson, Ahmad Yar Khan, submitted to the Maha- 
 raja Ranjit Singh , and the nephew of Ahmad Yar Khan, Fateh Khan, held a 
 command under Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa till the death of that General in 
 1837. Subsequently he was placed in charge of the Bannu territory by 
 Raja Dhyan Singh, Prime Minister at Lahore. On the outbreak of the re- 
 bellion in 1848 Fateh Singh, on the recommendation of Lieutenant Edwardes, 
 was appointed Governor of Bannu. He did good service, but his fort of 
 Dalipnagar was besieged by the mutineers, and he was shot down in the 
 gateway. He was succeeded by his son, Fateh Sher Khan, the present 
 Mallik, who served as one of Major Edwardes's chief officers. In the 
 Mutiny of 1857 he rendered excellent service in the Hissar and Jhajjar terri- 
 tories, and was rewarded with an extensive Jdgir, as well as the title of Khan 
 Bahadur. 
 
 Residence. — Shdhpur, Punjab. 
 
 FATEH SINGH (of Pawayan), Kdjd. 
 
 Born loth October 1858. The title is hereditary, and the present Raja 
 succeeded his adoptive father on the 17th May 1889. Belongs to a family 
 of Gaur Rajputs, who first came into the district of Shahjahanpur to help the 
 Rani of Nihil against the Pathans. Udhai Singh, the leader of the second 
 expedition, founded the town of Pawayan. At the time of the cession in 
 1802 the great-grandson of Udhai Singh, named Raja Raghunath Singh, was 
 Raja of Pawayan, and he was confirmed in his possessions by Mr. Wellesley, 
 the Deputy Governor. He was succeeded in 1825 by his widow the Rani; 
 and the latter, having adopted Raja Jagannath Singh (the uncle and adoptive 
 father of the present Raja), died in 1850. The Raja is an Honorary 
 Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Shdhjahinpur, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
136 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 FATEH SINGH (of Thehptir), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1823. The title is hereditar)-. Descended from Sardar Milka 
 Singh, who was one of the most powerful of the Sikh Chiefs during the latter 
 half of the last century. He died in 1804, and his son, Sardar Jiwan 
 Singh, died the next year. The Maharaja Ranjit Singh then seized the 
 largest portion of the estate, giving Sardar Anand Singh, the son and heir of 
 Jiwan 'imgh, jdgirs in Firozpur district. Sardar Anand Singh died in 1831, 
 leaving his only son, the present Sardar, a minor of eight years of age. On 
 the annexation of the Punjab the Sardar's personal jdgir was confirmed to 
 him for life — one quarter to descend to his son, who is named Shamsher 
 Singh, born in 1S43. 
 
 Resilience. — Thehpur, Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 FATEH SINGH, RAJ (of DUwara), Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 1888. 
 Residence. — Mewdr, Rdjputiina. 
 
 FATH ALI, Xmvdb, C.S.L See Banganapale, Nawdb of. 
 
 FAUJDAR KHAN (of Ashti), Na-wdb. 
 
 Born about 1825. The title is hereditary. The Naw.-ib is the son of 
 Nawab Hatam Khan ; and is descended in a direct line from the Afghan 
 Chief, Muhammad Khan Niazi, to whom Ashti was granted as a jdgir by 
 the Emperor Jahangir of Delhi. The title of Nawab was conferred by the 
 Emperor Shah Jahan, and has been recognised by the British Government. 
 The Nawab has a son and heir named Hatam Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Ashti, Wardha, Central Provinces. 
 
 FAZL AHMAD KHAN (of Panipat), Nawdb. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Is descended from the Nawab Lutf-uUa Khan, 
 whose great-grandson, Naw;ib Bakar AH Khan, was the grandfather of the 
 present Nawab. The family occupied important posts under the Mughal 
 Emperors of Delhi. The Nawab Bakar Ali Khan was succeeded by his son, 
 the Nawab Aman-ulla Khan ; he rendered excellent service to Government 
 during the Mutiny of 1857, and was rewarded with a considerable grant of 
 lands. He was succeeded by his elder son, the present Nawab. 
 
 Residence. — Pdnipat, Kamal, Punjab. 
 
 FAZL ALI ivalad MUHAMMAD KHAN, Mr. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of the Mirs who were 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Sind. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 137 
 
 FAZL HUSAIN, SHAIKH, Khd}i Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1826. The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1882, 
 in recognition of eminent services rendered during the famine of 1877. 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 FAZL HUSAIN KHAN walad SOHRAB KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of the Mirs who were 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 FAZL IMAM SAYYID, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal; and was conferred on i6th February 1S87, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Patna, Bengal. 
 
 FAZL MUHAMMAD ivalad ALI BAKHSH KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of the Mirs who were 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikarpur, Sind. 
 
 FIROZ KHAN (of Bari), Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Raja is a Gakkar Chief, son of Raja All 
 Gauhar Khan. The Gakkars trace their descent from Kai Gohar, a native 
 of Ispahan in Persia, whose son. Sultan Kaid, is said to have conquered 
 Badakshan and part of Thibet. They were settled in the Punjab about 300 
 A.D. ; and their conquest of Kashmir, and their resistance to the Emperor 
 Babar, are historical events. The Raja has two sons, named Sher Ahmad 
 Khan and Gauhar Rahman. 
 
 Residence. — Hazilra, Punjab. 
 
 FRAMJI ARDESAR, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May i 
 Residence. — Ahmednagar, Bombay. 
 
 GABAT, THAKUR VAJESINGH, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Bom 1875; succeeded to the gadi a.s a minor; is a tributary to Idar, 
 and belongs to a Koli (aboriginal) family. The State has an area of 22 
 square miles; and a population of 1430, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Gabat, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
138 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 GABBAR SINGH (of Kaimori), Rao. 
 
 The title is hereditary ; and was originally conferred by Raja Bikram 
 Shah, Gond Raja of Mandla. The family is said to be descended from 
 Shiani Shah Rao, who first bore the title of Rao. 
 
 Residence. — Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 GAD, TMkiir of. See Garh. 
 
 GADHI, RAJA UMAR SINGH walad DEVRAO, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1 868 ; succeeded to the gadi 6th October i886. The area of the 
 State, which is one of the Dang States of Khandesh, is i 70 square miles ; its 
 population 6309, chiefly Bhils, Konknas, and other aboriginal tribes. 
 
 Residence. — Gadhi, Khdndesh, Bombay. 
 
 GADHKA, AZAM JADEJA SHIVSINGHJI GOVINDJI, 
 
 Tdlukddr of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1869; succeeded to \ki& gadi z.% a minor, 26th November 1870. 
 Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family. The area of the State is 23 square 
 miles; its population 2252, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Gadhka, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 GAGAR MAL, LALA, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred on i6th February 1S87, on the occasion of the 
 Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty's reign, as a personal distinction. 
 
 Residence. — Amritsar, Punjab. 
 
 GAJAMAN KRISHNA BHATAVADBKAR, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Ijaroda. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 139 
 
 GAJAPATI RAO, G. N., Rdjd, CLE. 
 
 Born 2nd December 182S. Is a scion of the ancient Goday family of 
 Vizagapatam in the Northern Circars, Madras Presidency, and Zamindar of 
 
 Ankapalle and other estates. Educated in the 
 Hindu College, Calcutta. \\'as a Member of 
 the Madras Legislative Council from 1S68 to 
 1884; and a Fellow of the University of 
 Madras. The title of Raja was conferred 
 upon him in 1881 ; and the Companionship 
 of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire in 1892. Has established and main- 
 tains several schools ; presented the statue of 
 Her Majesty the Queen Empress of India to 
 the city of Madras in honour of Her Majesty's 
 Jubilee in 1887 ; and has given large donations 
 to many public objects. Has received from 
 His Holiness the Pope Leo XIII. , through 
 His Delegate Apostolic in East Indies, in 1891, 
 a mosaic picture as a mark of appreciation of his kindness shown to the 
 Catholics of Vizagapatam. The Raja's grandfather, Sri Goday Jaga Rao, 
 distinguished himself in the service of Government about the middle of the 
 1 8th century. It was of him that the Honourable Court of Directors in a 
 communication to the Government of Fort Saint George, dated 17 th April 
 1789, wrote: "We concur in the acknowledgment your Government have 
 rendered of the zeal for our interests manifested on various occasions by 
 Goday Jugga Row." Sri Jaga Rao was succeeded by his son Sri Goday 
 Soorya Narayan Rao, father of the Raja; born 1792, died 1853. Lord 
 Connemara, w-hen publicly complimenting the Raja on his presentation of the 
 statue of the Queen Empress to the city of Madras, said of this gentleman : 
 " The Raja's father, Goday Soorya Narayan Rao, followed in the footsteps of 
 his father, founded various charitable institutions, and during the famine of 
 1833 fed a large number of poor in the neighbourhood of Nellore. He also 
 contributed largely to various public works." The Raja's crest is a rising 
 sun over a Hindu device, with the motto, " I desire the Light," in Sanskrit 
 and Latin. 
 
 Residences. — The Mahal, Vizagapatam ; and The Mansion, Madras. 
 
I40 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 GAJINDAR SINGH (of Majithia), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Belongs to the same family of the Shergil Jat 
 tribe as his first cousin the Sarddr Dayal Singh of Majithia {see Daydl 
 Singh), both Sarddrs being grandsons of Sarddr Disa Singh. The father 
 of Sarddr Gajindar Singh was Sarddr Ranjodh Singh, half-brother of Sarddr 
 Lahna Singh, being the son of Sardar Disa Singh by another mother. He 
 was a General in the Sikh Army. 
 
 Residence. — Amritsar, Punjab. 
 
 GAJRAJ SINGH (of Hirapur), Thdkur. 
 
 Born 1832. The title is hereditary; and is said to have been first 
 acquired from Rdjd Narbar. Belongs to a Rdjput family of the Bais-Suraj- 
 Bansi, or Bais Solar race ; said to have come from the neighbourhood of 
 Delhi in the time of the Gond Rdjds. Anup Singh, one of his ancestors, 
 rendered military service to the Rdjd of Pitehra ; for which he received a 
 jdgir in Sdgar territory. The Thdkur has five sons — Than Singh, Bhagwant 
 Singh, Ajmir Singh, Bisal Singh, and Kaliar Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Hirapur, Narsinghpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 GALE MAUNG, Kyet Thaye zatmg shwe Salwe ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1889. It means 
 " Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour," and is indicated by the letters 
 K.S..M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Tavoy, Burma. 
 
 GANDA SINGH (of Dhiru Majra), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sardar is the present head of the Dhiru 
 Majra Sarddrs, who come of a Jat family. He has taken great interest in 
 educational matters. 
 
 Residence. — Dhiru Majra, Ludhidna, Punjab. 
 
 GANESH BALKRISHNA HANCHINAL, Azam. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on zGtli November 1883. 
 Residence. — Belgaum, Bombay. 
 
 GANESH GANGADHAR, Rao Sti/iefi. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. 
 Residence. — Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 GANESH GOVIND, Rao Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 17th October 1884. 
 Residence. — Poona, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 141 
 
 GANBSH SITARAM SHASTRI, SAR SUBAH, Rao Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the occasion of the 
 Jubilee of the reign of Her Majesty the Queen Empress, as a personal 
 distinction. 
 
 Residence. — Baroda. 
 
 GANGA BISHTU RAI, Rai Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 6th December 1884. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 GANGA CHARAN DAS, Rai Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1883. 
 Residence. — Indore, Central India. 
 
 GANGA PARSHAD SINGH, Rai Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 6th July 1888. 
 Residence. — Darbhanga, Bengal. 
 
 GANGA RAM, Rai. 
 
 Bom 1 8 1 1 . The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Khatri family that 
 has long resided at Delhi, but came originally from Nawashahr, in the 
 Jalandhar division of the Punjab. Several members of the family obtained 
 positions of trust and honour under the Mughal Emperors ; and one, Nagar 
 Mai, obtained the title of Maharaja. The Rai has four sons — Baldeo Singh, 
 Ram Singh, Sham Singh, and Surat Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Delhi, Punjab. 
 
 GANGADHAR SHASTRI, Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 The title was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the occasion of the 
 Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign, in recognition of his eminence in oriental 
 learning. It entitles him to take rank in Darbar immediately after titular 
 Rajas. 
 
 Residence. — Benares, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 GANGAJI RAMJI, Rao Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
142 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 GANGPUR, BAJA RAGHUNATH SIKHAR DEO, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1849 ; succeeded to the gadi 28th November 1S58. Belongs to a 
 Kshatriya (Hindu) family, known as the Sikhar family of Sikharpur or 
 Pachete in Manbhum. The Raja's eldest son and heir bears the title of 
 Tikait, and is named Tikait Harindth Sikhar Deo. The area of the State, 
 which is one of the Chota Nagpur Tributary Mahals, is 2484 square miles; 
 its population 107,985, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Gangpur, Chota Ndgpur, Bengal. 
 
 GANPAT RAI (of Deri Ghazi Khan, Punjab), C.I.B., Diwdn. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1883. The 
 Diwan, for eminent services rendered to Government as an E.\tra Assistant 
 Commissioner in Baluchistan, was created a Companion of the Most Eminent 
 Order of the Indian Empire on 25th May 1892. 
 
 Residence. — Baluchistan. 
 
 GANPAT RAO (of Jaisinghnagar), Rao. 
 
 Born 1845. The title is hereditary, and was originally conferred by the 
 old Mahratta Government. The ancestors of this family were a branch of 
 that of the ancient rulers of Sagar. The Rao has a son and heir, named 
 Nardyan Rao. 
 
 Residence. — Jaisinghpur, Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 GANPATRAO MOROBA PITALE, Rao Sa/uk 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 31st January 1870. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 GANPATRAO RAMCHANDAR, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 31st October 1879. 
 Residence. — Ujjain, Central India. 
 
 GARAB SINGH (of Nandsa), Thdkur. 
 
 The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred by the Rajas of 
 Deogarh. The Thakur is Jagirdar of Pachmari, and his jdgir was originally 
 held by a family of Mowasses of Korkors, the hereditary guardians of the 
 Cave of Mahadeo, in the Pachmari Hills. 
 
 Residence. — Nandsa, Hoshangabad, Central Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 143 
 
 The Santak of the Chauh^n 
 Rajputs, called CJtakra, used 
 in the seal and for signature. 
 
 (A circle with four Trisulas or 
 Tridents as radii at the car- 
 dinal points.) 
 
 GARH, THAKUR CHANDRASINGHJI, 
 
 Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1866; succeeded to the gadi loth 
 November 1884. Belongs to a Chauhan Rajput 
 (Hindu) family, descended from a younger brother 
 of one of the ancestors of the Chief of Chhota 
 Udaipur, to whom the Thakur of Garh is tributary. 
 The State, which is the largest in the Sankhera 
 Mehvas, contains an area of 134 square miles; its 
 population is almost entirely Bhil (aboriginal). 
 
 Residence. — Garh, Rewd Kantha, Bombay. 
 
 The SantaJi of the Chauhan 
 Rajputs, cilled Chakra, used 
 in ttie seal and for signature. 
 
 (A circle with four Trisultis or 
 Tridents as radii at the car- 
 dinal points.) 
 
 GARHA, RAJA BALBHADAR SINGH, 
 
 Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1870; succeeded to the gadi 7th April 
 1 88 1. Belongs to a Chauhan Rajput (Hindu) 
 family. The State is feudatory to Gwalior, and 
 was formerly a portion of the Rajhugarh jdgir. 
 Its name is sometimes spelt Gharra. Its popula- 
 tion is about 9500. 
 
 Residence. — Garha, Guna, Central India. 
 
 GARHWAL, Rdjd of See Tehri. 
 
 GARRAULI, DIWAN BAHADUR CHANDRA BHAN SINGH, 
 
 Jdgirddr of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1884; succeeded to the gadi as a minor i6th March 1885. 
 Belongs to the Bundela Rajput (Hindu) family, of the Orchha stock that has 
 given rulers to so many States of Central India {see Panna, Ajaigarh, Dattia, 
 Charkhari, Bijawar, Sarila, Jigni, Jaso, Lughasi, etc.) Man Singh, the 
 younger grandson of Rudra Pratap (founder of Orchha), was the founder of 
 the Satgharia branch of this family, from which descend the Garrauli Chiefs. 
 Diwan Gopal Singh obtained a sanad hors\ the British Government in 181 2. 
 He was succeeded by his son, Diwan Parichhat, on whom the additional 
 title of Bahadur was conferred, 17th October 1844. The area of the State 
 is 25 square miles; its population 4976, chiefly Hindus. The Diwan 
 Bahadur maintains a military force of 2 cavalry, 56 infantry, and 4 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Garrauli, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
144 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 GAUHAR KHAN, C.I.E., Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Sarddr being the Chief of the Jalawan 
 Brahuis of Baluchistan. He was created a Companion of the Most 
 Eminent Order of the Indian Empire on the institution of that Order, ist 
 Januar)' 1878. 
 
 Residence. — Baluchistan. 
 
 GAUR CHANDER MAN SINGH HARI CHANDAN MURDRAJ 
 BHRAMARBAR RAI (of Parikud), Jidjd. 
 
 Born in November 1850. The title is hereditary, and the present Raja 
 succeeded to the };adi on the death of his father, Raja Chandra Sikhar Man 
 Singh, in 1872. Belongs to an ancient family, whose founder was the Raja 
 Jadu Raj. He possessed Parikud and other territory in the time of the 
 Mughals. He fought against the Subahdar of the province on behalf of the 
 Nawab Parasuramraj Pandit, and defeated him, receiving large grants of terri- 
 tory from the Nawab as his reward. Towards the close of the Mahratta rule 
 the Raja Harisebak of Parikud was defeated by the Raja of Khurdah, and 
 lost most of his possessions. Raja Chandra Sikhar Man Singh, predecessor 
 of the present Raja, showed great liberality in the time of the Orissa famine 
 of 1866, and was created a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the 
 Star of India. 
 
 Residence. — Parikud, Puri, Orissa, Bengal 
 
 GAURHARI RAI, Rai BaMdur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 7th April 1884. 
 Residence. — Midnapur, Bengal. 
 
 GAURIHAR, RAO SHAMLB PRASAD BAHADUR. Jdgirddr of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1859; succeeded to the ,!,'(?<// on the death of the late Rao Gaja- 
 dhar Prasad, 14th November 1887. Belongs to a Brahman (Hindu) family, 
 that held the title of " Sawai Rajdhar " from ancient times. At the beginning 
 of the present century Rajdhar Raja Ram, the head of the family, was 
 a Sardar of the Banda-.Vjaigarh State, and Governor of its fort of Bhuragarh 
 at Banda. He became a leader of note, and in 1S07 was granted the 
 Gaurihary</!;/> by the British Government. His son, Rajdhar Rudra Pratap, 
 did excellent service, and incurred great personal loss at Banda. For this 
 the Government conferred on him, in the Cawnpur Darbar of 1859, the 
 title of Rao Bahadur, a khilat, and the right of adoption. The area of the 
 Slate' is 72 square miles; its population is 10,691, chiefly Hindus. The 
 Chief maintains a military force of 43 cavalry, 198 infantry, and 6 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Gaurihar, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 145 
 
 GAURISHANEIAR UDESHANKAR, AZAM, C.S.I. 
 
 Born 2ist August 1805; was for a long time the Diwdn or Prime 
 Minister of the State of Bhaunagar {q.v\ in Kathiawar, where he so 
 distinguished himself by his vigorous administration and numerous reforms 
 as to earn from Sir Bartle Frere, then Clovernor of Bombay, the high praise 
 of being "one of the best and ablest of modern native statesmen." At the 
 Imperial Assemblage of Delhi, ist January 1877, on the occasion of the 
 Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India, he was 
 created a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, with 
 a Medal of Honour. He retired from the service of the Bhaunagar State in 
 1879, having been honourably engaged in it for a period of no less than 
 fifty-seven years. 
 
 Residence. — Bhaunagar, Kithidwdr. 
 
 GAVRIDAD, AZAM JADBJA PRATAPSINGHJI MERUJI, 
 
 Tdlukddr of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1839; succeeded to the gadi in 1855. Belongs to a Rajput 
 (Hindu) family. The State, which was the original seat of the Chiefs of 
 Palitana, has an area of 27 square miles; and a population of 2381, chiefly 
 Hindus. The Talukdar maintains a military force of 1 1 cavalry, 19 infantry, 
 and 2 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Gavridad, Kdthidwir, Bombay. 
 
 GAWHALI, Chief of See Raysinghpur. 
 
 GAYA PARSHAD (of Pindarna), Thdkur. 
 
 Born 1852. The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred by 
 Raja Mardan Singh of Garhakota. An ancestor of the family, named Rawat 
 Parshad, saved the life of the Raja Mardan Singh from the Raja of Tehri, 
 and obtained from him a sanad on copper-plate, granting him lands and the 
 title of Thakur. He has one son, Thakur Bhairao Parshad. 
 
 Residence. — Pindarna, Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 GEROLI, Diiihin Bahadur of. See Garrauli. 
 
 GHANSHAM SINGH (of Mursan), Hdjd Bahddur. 
 Born 1 85 1. The title is hereditary, and having long been recognised by 
 Government, was formally conferred on 3rd December 1859, for the excellent 
 services of the Raja Tikam Singh, grandfather of the present Raja, during the 
 Mutiny of 1857. The Raja comes of a family of Baisnijats, having a common 
 ancestor with the Raja Har Narayan Singh of Hathras in Aligarh — a Jat Chief, 
 by name Makhan, who came from Rajputana and settled in the neighbourhood 
 of Mursan. His great-grandson, Thakur Nand Ram, died in 1696, leaving 
 fourteen sons, of whom one was named Zulkaran. The latter left a son named 
 Khusal Singh, who obtained lands from the favour of the Nawab Vazir of 
 
146 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Oudh, Saadat Khan. He died in 1749, and was succeeded by his son Phup 
 Singh, who largely increased the family estates, and assumed the title of Raji 
 His son Bhagwant Singh succeeded in 1798, and also increased the estates, 
 and was granted a jdgir by the British Government for good service performed 
 in Lord Lake's campaign. He died in 1823, and was succeeded by Raja 
 Tikam Singh, of whom above. Raja Tikam Singh was also created a 
 Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire. He died in 
 1S78, and was succeeded by his grandson, the present Raja, who is an 
 Honorary Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Mursan, Aligarh, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 GHARI, BHUMIA NAHAR SINGH, Bhumia of. 
 
 Born about 1839; succeeded to the gadi in 1864. Belongs to a 
 Bhilala family. The State is also called Bhaisakhoj its population is 
 about 980. 
 
 Residence. — Ghari, BhopSwar, Central India. 
 
 GHARRA, Rdjd of. See Garha. 
 
 GHAUS SHAH KADARI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 1st January 1877, in celebra- 
 tion of the assumption of the Imperial title by Her Most Gracious Majesty 
 the Queen Empress. 
 
 Residence. — Kadar, Mysore. 
 
 GHAUSIA BBGAM, Nawdb. 
 
 Is the half-sister of His late Highness Muhammad Ghaus, the last of the 
 titular Nawabs of the Carnatic. ^Vas granted the personal title of Nawab in 
 1822. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 GHAYAS-UD-DIN ALI KHAN, DIWAN, Shaikh-ul-Mushaikh. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Majesty as Empress of India. 
 Residence. — Aj m i r. 
 
 GHAYAS-UD-DIN JALA-UD-DIN KAZI, MIR, Khdn Sahcb. 
 ("iranted the title, as a personal distinction, ;nd January 1893. 
 Residence. — Ndsik, Bombay. 
 
 GHAZANFAR ALI, MIR, Khdn. 
 
 A member of the Carnatic family. The title is a personal one ; and, 
 having been originally conferred by the Nawab of the Carnatic, was 
 recognised 1890. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 GHORAM KHAN, RIND, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 21st February 1884. 
 Residence. — Kardchi, Sind. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 147 
 
 GHORASAR, THAKUR DADA SAHEB SURAJMALJI, Thdkurof. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1869 ; succeeded to the gadi 5th January 1883. Belongs to a 
 Dabbi Rajput (Hindu) family. Is tributary to the Gaekwar. The area of 
 the State is 40 square miles ; its population 8400, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Ghorasar, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 GHULAM AHMAD, Khdn Bahadur Kasim Jang. 
 
 The title, having been originally conferred by the Nawab of the Carnatic, 
 was recognised in 1890. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 GHULAM AHMAD, MIRZA, C.I.E. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, 24th May 1881. 
 Residence. — 
 
 GHULAM AHMAD -ULLA, Khdn. 
 
 The title, having been originally conferred by the Nawab of the Carnatic, 
 was recognised 1890. Is styled Muhammad Khair-ulla Khan. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 GHULAM AKBAR KHAN walad HUSAIM BAKHSH, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 GHULAM ALT, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 A member of the Carnatic family. The title, having been originally 
 conferred by the Nawab of the Carnatic, was recognised 1890. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 GHULAM ALI walad ZULFIKAR KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of the Talpur Mirs, 
 who were ruling in Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 GHULAM ALI KHAN walad KHAN MUHAMMAD, Mir. 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
148 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF IXDIA 
 
 GHULAM ALI KHAN walad GHULAM SHAH KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 GHULAM BABA, MIR, Khan Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 27th June 1S78. 
 Residence. — Sural, Bombay. 
 
 GHULAM DASTAGIR, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is a personal one, and was conferred in January 1S88. 
 Residence. — Trichinopoli, Madras. 
 
 GHULAM GHAUS, MUNSHI KHWAJA, Khdn Bahddur Zulkadr. 
 
 Born 1822. The title is personal, and was conferred on 6th June 1885. 
 Belongs to a family that left Kashmir towards the close of the Durrani 
 dynasty on the occasion of a political outbreak, and removing to Tibet, 
 engaged in commerce at Lhassa ; but subsequently migrated to Nep;il, and 
 finally settled at Benares. Khwaja Ghulam Ghaus succeeded his uncle as 
 Mir Munshi to Government, and held that post till his retirement in 1885. 
 Rendered loyal service during the Mutiny of 1S57, for which a sanad z.r\A. 
 khilat were conferred upon him. 
 
 Residence. — Allahabad, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 GHULAM GHAUS. See Ghulam Muhammad Ghaus. 
 
 GHULAM HAIDAR u^alad MUHAMMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the anne.\ation. 
 Residence. — Sind. 
 
 GHULAM HASAN, SHAIKH, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 18S8. 
 I\csidence. — Amritsar, Punjab. 
 
 GHULAM HUSAIN walad NAJIP ALI KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 149 
 
 GHULAM HUSAIN ivalad ALI GAUHAR KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 GHULAM HUSAIN (JATI), Malik. 
 
 Born about 1847. The title is hereditary, the tradition being that it 
 was first conferred by Sultan Murad Khan, son of Sultan Muhammad Khan 
 of Constantinople. There is also a sanad from Muhammad Shah, Emperor 
 of Delhi. Belongs to a Jat (Muhammadan) family. 
 
 Residence.- — Karachi, Sind. 
 
 GHULAM HUSAIN KHAN 7aahid IMAM BAKHSH 
 KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind. 
 
 Residence. — Shikirpur, Sind. 
 
 GHULAM HUSAIN KHAN 7valad AHMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 GHULAM JILANI, Kkdn. 
 
 The title, originally conferred by the Nawab of the Carnatic, was recognised 
 in 1890. 
 
 Residence. — M adras. 
 
 GHULAM KADIR KHAN walad KHAN MUHAMMAD 
 KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 GHULAM KADIR KHAN, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Gwalior, Central India. 
 
 GHULAM KASIM KHAN, KATI KHEL (of Tank), A'aivdb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 6th October 1882. 
 Residence. — Dera Ismail Khdn, Punjab. 
 
ISO THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 GHULAM MAHMUD, Khdn. 
 
 The title is a personal one, and having been originally conferred by the 
 Nawab of the Carnatic, was recognised in 1890. Is styled Nianiat Khdn. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 GHULAM MAHMUD, 'B.KZl, Khdn Bahddur Mutasib Jang Musiafi- 
 ud-dauld Sharf-ul-Mulk. 
 
 The title is a personal one, and having been originally conferred by the 
 Nawab of the Carnatic, was recognised in 1890. 
 
 Residence. — M ad ras. 
 
 GHULAM MOHI-UD-DIN, Khdn. 
 
 The title is a personal one, and having been originally conferred by the 
 Nawab of the Carnatic, was recognised in 1890. 
 
 Residence. — M ad ras. 
 
 GHULAM MOHI-UD-DIN, Khdn. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1881. 
 Residence. — Kashmir. 
 
 GHULAM MUHAMMAD, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1850. Is sonin-law of His late Highness Prince Intizam-ul-Mulk, 
 the third of the Princes of Arcot ; granted the personal title of Khdn Bahddur 
 in 1887. 
 
 Residence. — M ad ras. 
 
 GHULAM MUHAMMAD GHAUS, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1861. Is son of Muazzaz-ud-daula, and grandson of His late 
 Highness Azim Jah, the first of the titular Princes of Arcot. Granted the 
 personal title of Khdn Bahddur in 1876. 
 
 Residence. — M ad ras. 
 
 GHULAM MUHAMMAD HAIDAR, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1834. Rendered eminent service in the Madras Police, for which 
 he received the title as a personal distinction in 1887. Retired on pension 
 in 1S90. 
 
 Residence. — Karur, Coimbatorc, Madras. 
 
 GHULAM MUHAMMAD HAJI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 3rd April 18S4. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 151 
 
 GHULAM MUHAMMAD, Haji, Khan Bahadur Ghalib Jang Sharf- 
 
 ud-dauld. 
 
 The title is a personal one, and having been originally conferred by the 
 Nawab of the Carnatic, was recognised in 1890. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 GHULAM MUHAMMAD HASAN ALI, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1850. Son of Sardar Jang. Granted the title of Khan Bahadur 
 as a personal distinction in 1883. 
 Residence. — I\Iadras. 
 
 GHULAM MUHAMMAD KHAN ivalad RUSTAM KHAN, 
 
 Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of the Talpur Mirs, 
 who were ruling in Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 GHULAM MUHI-UD-DIN, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1852. Granted the personal title of Khan Bahadur in 1885, for 
 good service in the Railway Department. 
 Residence. — Tanjore, India. 
 
 GHULAM MURTAZA, Sardar. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Baluchistan. 
 
 GHULAM MURTAZA KHAN ivalad CHAKAR KHAN 
 (of Rahuja), Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of the Talpur Mirs, 
 who were rulers of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 GHULAM MUSTAFA KHAN, HAJI, walad GHULAM 
 HAIDAR, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 GHULAM NABI, MUNSHI, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The tide is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the celebration of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign. 
 Residence. — Punjab. 
 
152 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 GHULAM NABI ALI, Khdn Bahddur Nasir Jan^. 
 
 The title is a personal one, and having been conferred originally by the 
 Nawab of the Carnatic, was recognised in 1890. Is a member of the 
 Carnatic family. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 GHULAM NABI KHAN 7i<alad IMAM BAKHSH KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditar)-. The Mir is a descendant of one of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 GHULAM NAJAP KHAN jm/ad IMAM BAKHSH KHAN, 
 
 Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Mir is a descendant of one of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 GHULAM RASUL, MIYAN, XAdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. 
 Residence. — Peshiwar, Punjab. 
 
 GHUND, Chief o/. 
 
 Is a feudatory of the Raja of Keonthal (q.v.), and rules over one of the 
 Simla Hill States. 
 
 Residence. — Ghund, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 GIDHAUR, MAHARAJA RAVANESHWAR PRASAD SINGH 
 BAHADUR, Mahdrdjd Bahddur of. 
 
 Born 1859. Belongs to a Kshatriya family of the Chandra Vansi or 
 Lunar sept, whose founder was Bir Vikram Singh. His ancestors had come 
 from Mahoba in Bundclkhand, and settled at Bardi in Rewah, and he was 
 the younger brother of the Rajd of Bardi. From him the ninth in descent is 
 said to have built the temple of Baidyandth. Raja Dalar Singh, fourteenth 
 Rdja, is stated to have received a./armdn from the Emperor Shah Jahan in 
 1651. Raja Gopal Singh was recognised by the British Government; and 
 his grandson was the well-known Sir Jaimangal Singh Bahadur, K.C.S.I., on 
 whom the title of Maharaja Bahadur was conferred for his eminent services 
 during tiic Santal insurrection and the Mutiny of 1857. On ist January 
 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India, Sir Jaimangal Singh received the hcreditar)- title of Maha- 
 raja Bahadur. He was succeeded by his son, Maluiraja Shiva Prasad Singh 
 Bahadur ; and the latter by his son, the present Maharaja Bahadur, who is 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 153 
 
 well known for his benevolence and loyalty. Educated in Sanskrit, Persian, 
 Hindi, and English ; married in 1885, and has a son and heir, born in 1890. 
 Received a khilat from the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal on succeeding to 
 the title, also the privilege of exemption from attendance in Civil Courts. 
 The family cognisance is a trisul, or trident of Siva. 
 Residence. — Gidhaur, Bengal. 
 
 GIRDHARLAL ULATRAM, Rao Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 27th December 1872. 
 Residence. — Ahmadabad, Bombay. 
 
 GIRIAPA TIMAPA DBSAI, Heladi Naik Bahddur Desai Nadugauda. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Belgaum, Bombay. 
 
 GIRIJA NATH RAI (of Dinajptir), Maharaja. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1884. Is the son 
 of the late Maharani Sham Mohini of Dinajpur ; and belongs to a family 
 settled in the Dinajpur district since the time of Akbar, at which time one 
 of its ancestors, named Srimanta Datta, was Zamindar of Dinajpur. His 
 daughter married Hari Ram Rai, who had been Diwan to the Zamindar of 
 Idrakpur. The son of this marriage was Suka Deb Rai, who died in 1677. 
 His son. Raja Jai Deb, was Raja of Dinajpur from 1677 to 1682; and was 
 succeeded by his brother. Raja Prannath, from 16S2 to 1723, who adopted 
 a young relative named Ram Nath, who succeeded to the Raj, and died in 
 1760. A grandson of the latter by adoption, named Radha Nath, was Raja 
 from 1780 to 1801 ; at his accession he owned the greater part of the three 
 districts of Dinajpur, Maldah, and Bogra, but after the Decennial Settlement 
 the bulk of the estate was sold for arrears of revenue. His grandson was 
 the Raja Tarak Nath, 1840 to 1865, husband of the late Maharani Sham 
 Mohini, and adoptive father of the present Raja. The title of Maharani was 
 formally conferred on that lady in 1875, for her eminent benevolence during 
 the great famine of 1873. 
 
 Residence. — Dinajpur, Bengal. 
 
 GIRISH CHANDAR DAS, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd April 1874, for eminent 
 public services. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 GIRISH CHANDAR GHOSH, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 19th August 1879, for 
 eminent services as Judge. 
 
 Residence. — Hugli, Bengal. 
 
154 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 GIRISH CHANDAR RAI, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1889, for eminent 
 public services. 
 
 Residence. — Nalthoba, Bengal. 
 
 GOBARDHUN DAS, SAH, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Bom 29th October 1856. The title is personal, and was conferred on 
 I St January 1S86, for eminent public services as a Municipal Commissioner 
 of Lucknow, and an Honorary Magistrate. Belongs to an Agarwala family ; 
 and is one of the sons of Sah Benarsi Das, late a banker at Lucknow, and a 
 partner in the banking firm of Sah Behdri Lai, Lucknow. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 GOBIND RAM, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Born 15th December 1S51. The title was conferred, 2nd January 1888, 
 as a personal distinction, for his sen'ices on the District Board and Municipal 
 Committee, and especially for consideration shown to his debtors in proceed- 
 ings under the Jhdnsi Encumbered Estates Act. Belongs to a Gaur Brahman 
 Pattiwal family, whose ancestor, Khem Chand, emigrated to Jaipur from 
 Jesalmir, and there established a commercial house ; and subse(iuently 
 established three more houses in Jhdnsi. The Rao Bahadur's uncle 
 rendered good service during the Mutiny of 1857. 
 
 Residence. — Jhdnsi, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 GOBIND RAO NARAYAN, Rao. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Allahabad, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 GOBIND SAHAI, Diwdn. 
 The title is hereditar)-. 
 Residence. — Gujrdnwdla, Punjab. 
 
 GOBIND SINGH (of Beona), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 29th November 1872. The title is hereditary; and is stated by 
 the family to have been obtained in the year 1746 from the Mahrattas, after 
 the defeat of the Hundcias by the combined forces of the Peshwd and Xawab 
 Khdn Bangash of I-'arrukhabad. Belongs to a Bundela Rajput family, and is 
 the son of the late Rdjd I'arachat, who died on 3rd March 1S78. 
 
 Residence. — Jalaun, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 GOBIND SINGH, THAKUR, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1889. 
 Residence. — Jaipur, Rdjputdna. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 155 
 
 GODE NARAYAN GAJAPATI RAO, Jidjd. See Gajapati. 
 
 GOGAN CHANDRA RAI, Rat Bahadur. 
 
 Granted the title of Rai Bahadur, as a personal distinction, for eminent 
 services rendered in the Benares Opium Department, 2nd January 1S93. 
 Residence. — Benares, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 GOKAL DAS, SETH, Rdjd. 
 
 The title. is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1SS9. The Raja 
 had been created a Rao Saheb in 1867, on account of his liberal contributions 
 towards the erection of the Jabalpur Town Hall. His father was Seth Kushal 
 Chand, a wealthy banker of Jabalpur, who rendered good services during the 
 Mutiny in 1857 ; a gold medal was presented to him by the Government for 
 his liberal help in fitting out the Madras Column. 
 
 Residence. — Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 GOKAL NARAYAN, Rai. 
 
 Born 1842. The title is hereditary ; having been originally conferred by 
 the Nawab Shuja-ud-daula Bahadur on an ancestor of the family named 
 Lachmi Narayan, Khattri, who was Daroga of the palaces of the Begam. 
 The Rai's father was the Rai Baldeo Narayan, alias Chotu Lai. The Rai 
 is also known by the name of Chotu Lai ; he has three sons — Babu Kesri 
 Narayan, Mahabir Narayan, and Badri Narayan. 
 
 Residence. — Allahabad, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 GOKUL CHANDRA SINGHI, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1S25 ; son of the late Babu Uma Charan Singhi, of Khishma, 
 Nadiya, Bengal. Has rendered good service in the Small Arms Ammunition 
 Factory at Dum-Dum ; and received the title on the ist January 1891, in 
 recognition thereof. Belongs to a Kayastha family descended from Rai 
 Lakshman Singha of Chaula, who was the Gushtipati or " Chief of the clan " 
 among the Maulik Kayasthas. Muralidhar Singha first settled in Khishma in 
 the beginning of the 17th century; and it is stated that Raja Kali Prasanna 
 Singha of Calcutta, translator of the Mahabharata, is a lineal descendant of 
 this family. The Rai Bahadur married a daughter of the late Babu Chandra 
 Nath Mustafi, Zamindar of Ula in Nadiya District, whose ancestors are stated 
 to have held the post of Accountant-General under the Nawab Nazims of 
 Bengal. The Rai Bahadur has three sons— Anukul Chandra Singha, born 
 1865; Bankim Chandra Singha, born 1870; Atul Chandra Singha, born 
 1875. His eldest son, Satis Chandra Singha, is deceased; but has left a 
 son and heir, Probodh Chandra Singha, born 1881. 
 
 Residences. — Dum-Dum, near Calcutta; 173 Cornwallis Street, Calcutta; 
 Khishma, Nadiyd District, Bengal. 
 
 GOLAK CHANDAR CHAUDHRI, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Chittagong, Bengal. 
 
156 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 GONDAL, HIS HIGHNESS THAKUR SAHEB SIR BHAG- 
 WATSINGHJI SAGRAMJI, K.C.I.E., Thdkur Saheh cf. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 gonda^ 
 
 Born 24th October 1865 ; succeeded to \^q gadi 14th December 1869 
 as a minor. Belongs to a Jareja Rajput (Hindu) family, tracing its origin to 
 
 the renowned Krishna ; descended from the 
 Nawanagar-Rajkot family ; is a Kumbhani, being 
 a descendant of Kumbhoji I., founder of the 
 Gondal dynasty ; was only four years old when 
 he succeeded his father, who died in 1869, 
 when on a visit to Bombay. The following is 
 a brief summar)- of the histor)- of this ruling 
 family: (1) Kumbhoji I., founder of the Gon- 
 dal dynasty; 1634-49 a.d. Succeeded by his 
 son (2) Sagrdmji I., 1649-17 14 h.x>. Succeeded 
 by his son (3) Hdloji, 1714-53. Succeeded 
 by his son (4) Kumbhoji II., 1753-90 .a.d., was 
 a most powerful chief; was both a warrior and 
 a statesman, and aggrandised his possessions by 
 conquest and statecraft. Succeeded by his 
 grandson (5) Muluji, 1790-92 a.d. Succeeded 
 by his son (6) Ddjibhai, 1 792-1800 a.d., was a patron of letters, and was 
 especially fond of poetry. Succeeded by his uncle (7) Devdji, 1800-12 a.d., 
 was a brave soldier and a wise ruler. Succeeded by his four sons one after 
 another — (8) Nathuji, 1812-14 a.d.; (9) Kanuji, 1814-21 a.d.; (10) 
 Chandra Sinhji, 1820-41 a.d.; (11) Bhandbhai, 1841-51 a.d. ; (12) Sag- 
 rdmji II., 1851-79 A.D., was a very quiet and pious Chief. Succeeded by 
 his son, the present Thdkur Saheb. During his minority the State was at 
 first administered direct by the British Government, but afterNvards a Joint- 
 Administration was introduced. He was educated at the Rajkot Rajkumar 
 College and also at the Edinburgh University. His College career has been 
 reported to be eminently successful ; in order to give the finishing touch to 
 his education, he undertook a voyage to Europe in 1883, in the company of 
 Major (now Colonel) Hancock ; returned after six months ; published an 
 account of his tour under the title "Journal of a Visit to England in 1S83 "; 
 was associated with Major (now Colonel) Nutt in the administrative business 
 of his State, and assumed sole charge on the 24th August 18S4. The reply 
 m.ade by him on the occasion of his installation to the address of the Political 
 Agent, Colonel West, was pronounced by Government to be highly creditable 
 to him, both as regards the tone and the matter of it, showing "good feeling 
 and good taste, and his description of his duties as a ruler evinces a sound 
 and clear judgment." Three years after his installation the Thdkur Saheb was 
 jHiblicly complimented by the Governor, Lord Reay, in the following words: 
 " Thakur Saheb, though you have only been three years on the ^adi, I believe 
 you have acted up to the pledges you then gave." Nominated a Fellow of the 
 Bombay University ; and a \'ice-rresidenl of the Deccan Education Society 
 at Poona. Having been imbued with a love of science, he again proceeded 
 to Scotland in 1886, to reside for a time at the Edinburgh University ; which, 
 in appreciation of his " exemplary quest of knowledge," conferred on him the 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 157 
 
 honorary degree of LL.D. in 1887. The same year he was requested to be 
 a member of the deputation from the Kdthiawar Chiefs that waited on Her 
 Majesty the Queen Empress at the time of the celebration of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty's Jubilee ; and on that occasion was made a K.C.I.E. 
 Returned to India in August 1887. Takes g, keen interest in the adminis- 
 trative business of the State, and is a joint-proprietor of the " Bhaunagar- 
 Gondal " and " Gondal-Porbandar " railways, in which concerns he has invested 
 about ;^5oo,ooo. Is taking steps to connect his capital with the main line 
 of railway. Besides railways, the territory has many macadamised roads, 
 schools, hospitals, municipalities, rest-houses, infirmary, post and telegraph 
 offices, courts of justice, and other appliances of an improved administration. 
 Owing to the excellence of his administration, the British Government was 
 pleased to raise Gondal from the rank of a second-class to that of a first-class 
 State in Kdthiawar. In 1889 his wife — daughter of His Highness the 
 Maharana of Dharampur — being taken very ill, the doctors advised her to go 
 to England for a change, and His Highness was obliged to take her there for 
 the benefit of her health. This is the first instance of a Rajput consort of a 
 Ruling Chief ever venturing to overcome her caste prejudices. Her Highness 
 was received by Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen Empress, and 
 personally invested with the Imperial Order of the Crown of India. The 
 Thakur Saheb has contributed numerous donations to deserving public 
 institutions ; has relieved his subjects of the burden of many obnoxious 
 taxes, and remitted a vast amount of debt which his people owed him. His 
 subjects, in return, have voted him a statue by public subscription. 
 
 Arms. — A belt and sword with the word " Gondal " at the top. Motto. — 
 (Sanskrit) Sajyam cha Sa/yam, in Devanagari character, meaning " Ready 
 and True." His Highness's sons are — Kumir Shri Bhojraj, heir-apparent, 
 bora 18S3 ; is being educated in Edinburgh. Kumdr Shri Bhupat Sinhje, born 
 1888 ; is in England with his parents. 
 
 Residence. — Gondal, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
158 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 GOPAL CHANDAR MUKHARJI, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1889. 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 GOPAL CHANDRA MUKHARJI, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Has rendered good service as Chairman of the Kasipur-Chitpur Muni- 
 cipality, Calcutta; and received the title as a personal distinction on 25th 
 May 1892. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 GOPAL DAS, Rai Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1884. 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 GOPAL MOHAN SARKAR, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1887. 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 GOPAL RAO (of Rehli), Rao. 
 
 The title is hereditar)-. Is the son of the late Rao Kishen Rao ; and 
 descended from Govind Pandit, who came to Sagar with the Mahratta ruler 
 from Puna, and being a relative of the latter, was made Mdmlatddr of Rehli. 
 
 Residence. — S.-igar, Central Provinces. 
 
 GOPAL RAO, PANDIT, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Born 6th August 1832. The title was conferred on 2nd January 1888, 
 as a personal distinction, for eminent public services. His ancestors, during 
 the ALihratta Government, held the post of Secretary to the Raja of Sigar 
 for three generations ; and consequently his father and grandfather received 
 political pensions from the British Government after the annexation. The 
 Rao Bahadur himself rendered excellent service to Government at the risk 
 of his life during the Mutiny of 1857, for which he received the grant of two 
 villages in the Jalaun district for his life. His family is Dakhini Brahman. 
 Residence. — Jh.insi, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 GOPAL RAO HARI DESHMUKH, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Born i8th February 1823. The title was conferred on ist January 1877, 
 as a personal distinction, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. Educated at Puna. Served the 
 Government with the highest success and distinction from 1844 to 1879, 
 when he retired after occupying the place of Joint Judge and Sessions Judge 
 of Nasik, and other high positions in the Judicial Service. Invited to be 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 159 
 
 present at the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi in 1877. Granted revival of 
 political pension in 1877. Member of Bombay Legislative Council, 1880. 
 Name entered in the list of First -Class Sardars of the Deccan for rank and 
 precedence, 1881. Appointed Prime Minister of Ratlam (^.z;.), 1884. Has 
 been a prominent social reformer, having been put out of caste for ten 
 years for his advocacy of widow remarriage, and for sending his second 
 son, Krishnarao Gopal, to England for education. Is a copious author, 
 acquainted with many languages, and writing under the nom- de-plume of 
 Lukahitawddi. Is President of the Bombay Branch of the Theosophical 
 Society, Bombay Arya Samaj, Puna Arbitration Court ; and Vice-President of 
 the National Indian Association. Is descended from Vishwanath Sidhaye, a 
 Deshmukh (hereditary farmer of the revenue), 1690-17 17, many of whose 
 descendants held high office under the Government of the Peshwa. 
 Residence. — Puna, Bombay. 
 
 GOPAL BAO SHIVDEO (of Malegaon), Rao Bahadur. 
 
 Born 29th June 1843. The title is hereditary, having been originally 
 conferred by the Peshwa. The Rao Bahadur's mother enjoys a pension 
 from the Government. 
 
 Residence. — Nisik, Bombay. 
 
 GOPALA CHARIYA KRADKAR, Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 The title is a personal one, and was conferred on i6th February 1S87, 
 in recognition of his eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take 
 rank in Darbar immediately after titular Rajas. 
 
 Residence.-— Qi'^^\ox, Central India. 
 
 GOPALA PADHYE GURJAR, Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 The title is a personal one, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, 
 in recognition of his eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take 
 rank in Darbar immediately after titular Rajas. 
 
 Residence. — Ratnagiri, Bombay. 
 
 GOPALA, P., RAO, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1856. Member of the Berhampur Municipal Council, 1884; 
 Chairman, 1887. Granted the title as a personal distinction in 1S91 for his 
 eminent municipal services. 
 
 Residence. — Berhampur, Ganjam, ^Madras. 
 
 GOPALJI SURBHAI DESAI, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Born 24th June 1832. The title was conferred on 13th January 1882, 
 as a personal distinction, for eminent public services in the Educational 
 Service, which extended from 1853 to 1892. Is a son of Desai Surbhai 
 Dayalji of Puni, Surat, an important Zaminddr in that district. Received the 
 title of Rao Saheb in 1864; and the sanad conferring the title of Rao 
 
i6o THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Bahadur in 1882 was delivered to him in full Darbar by the Political Agent 
 at Bhaunagar. Has received the thanks of Government for his services (in 
 conjunction with his father) in bringing about the settlement of IVattans in 
 Sural ; also in connection with archsological researches in Kathiawar, and 
 with the settlement of the wording of the " Fashzamin " bonds entered into 
 by the Kathiawar Chiefs. Appointed Fellow of the Bombay University, 1885 ; 
 Educational Inspector, Northern Division, Bombay Presidency, 1885. Is 
 President of the Kathiawar General I.ibrar)', Rajkot; a Life Member of the 
 East India Association, and of the Gujarat Vernacular Society. 
 Residence. — Sural, Bombay. 
 
 GOPI MAL, Rai. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 31st May 1871. 
 Residence. — Firozpur, Punjab. 
 
 GOPINATH GURU, Hao Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th Februar)' 1887. 
 Residence. — Kdlahandi, Central Provinces. 
 
 GOVARDHAN SINGH (of Rdmgarh), Mian. 
 
 The title is hereditary in this branch of the family. The head of another 
 branch of the same family is Sardar Ranjit Singh {q.v.), who holds the hereditary 
 title of Sardar. Descended from a Rajput family, whose great ancestor was 
 Raja Singar Chand, Raja of Bilaspur (Kahlur). His younger son was Kalal 
 Chand, tenth in descent from whom was Surat Singh, whose four sons, with 
 their retainers, aided the Raja of Nahan to conquer Suchawar, Ramgarh, and 
 other territories, and received Ramgarh as their share. Sardar Khushal 
 Singh was the only one of the four who left any children. He built the fort 
 at Ramgarh ; and his grandson, Gopal Singh, was the grandfather of Mian 
 Govardhan Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Ambila, Punjab. 
 
 GOVIND LAL RAI, Rjjd. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 18S8, in 
 recognition of the Rdjd's "liberality and public spirit." 
 Residence. — Rangpur, Bengal. 
 
 GOVIND RAO (of Jaisinghnagar), K,w. 
 
 Born 1 84 1. The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred by 
 the old Mahratta Government, and subsequently recognised by the Govern- 
 ment of India. The Rao, like his kinsmen, Rao Ganpat Rao {g.v.) and 
 Rao Ram Chand Rao of Jaisinghnagar, is descended from ancestors who 
 were connected with the former rulers of Sagar ; and to one of them, 
 named Rao Ganpat Rao, the pargand of Jaisinghnagar was made over as 
 its talukdar. 
 
 Residence. — Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA i6l 
 
 GOVIND RAO (of Rehli), Rao. 
 
 The title is hereditary-. Is a younger brother of Rao Gopal Rao of 
 Rehh {q.v.) 
 
 Residence. — Rehli, Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 GOVIND SAKAEAM HOSUR, Rao Saheb. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893, for eminent 
 municipal services. Is Vice-President of the Saundatti Municipality, Bombay. 
 Resid-sncc. — Saundatti, Belgaum, Bombay. 
 
 GOVINDRAO RAMCHANDRA GARUD, Rao Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1887. 
 Residence. — Dhulia, Bombay. 
 
 GUL HASAN KHAN, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 GULAB SINGH (of Meanoni), Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is hereditar)'. 
 
 Residence. — Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 GULAB SINGH (of Bina), Rao. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 GUNABHIRAM SARMA BARUA, Rat Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the celebration of the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty's 
 reign. 
 
 Residence. — Nowgong, Assam. 
 
 GUR SAHAI, LALA, Rat Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. 
 Residence. — Punjab. 
 
 GURBAKHSH SINGH (of Kot Shera), Sarddr. 
 The tide is hereditary'. 
 Residence. — Gujrdnwdla, Punjab. 
 
 GURU PRASAD, PANDIT (of Benares) Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 The title is a personal one, and was conferred on i6th February 1S87, 
 in recognition of his eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take 
 rank in Darbar immediately after titular Rajas. 
 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 M 
 
iGz THE GOLDEN' BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 GWALIOR, J/i's Highness the Mahdrdjd Sindhia of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1877 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 3rd July 1886. Is the 
 head of the great Mahratta House of Sindhia. Full title is — "His Highness 
 .Mukhtar-ul-Mulk, Azim-ul-lktidar Rafi-ush-Shan Wala Shikoh Muhtashaim-i- 
 Dauran, Umdat-ul-Umara, Mahdrdj-Adhiraj Alijdh Hisam-us-Saltanat Mahdrdjd 
 Madho Rao Sindhia Bahddur Srindth Mansur-i-Zamdn, Fidwi-i-Hazrat-i- 
 Malika-i-Muaz-zama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan" {see Introduction, g 1 1). His 
 Highness, who rules over an area about equal to that of Holland, Belgium, 
 and Saxony combined, and over a population more- numerous than that of 
 Switzerland or of Greece, is descended from the famous Ranoji Sindhia, the 
 son of a Dekhani pdtel, who became a member of the household of the 
 Peshwa Bdlaji Rao, and subsequently a successful commander of the I'eshwa's 
 cavalr)'. Ranoji Sindhia was succeeded by his second son, Mahddaji Sindhia, 
 who was one of the greatest soldiers and cleverest statesmen ever produced 
 by India. He greatly distinguished himself at the battle of Pdnipat in 1761 ; 
 and, taught by that disaster, he disciplined and strongly organised his army, 
 chiefly under French officers, and in this way, though nominally still a servant 
 of the Pcshwd, he became in 1764 really the ruler of Hindustan. He died 
 in 1794, and was succeeded by his grand-nephew, Daulat Rao Sindhia, 
 whose reign of over thirty years is part of the history of India. The battles 
 of Assaye, won by Sir Arthur Wellesley (afterwards Duke of Wellington) in 
 1803, and of Laswdri, won by General Lord Lake, in 1S04, the Treaty of 
 Sarji Anjangdon in 1805, and the Pinddri war in 1817 are important land- 
 marks in the career of Daulat Rao Sindhia. On his death he commended 
 his State and his younger widow, the famous Baiza Bdi, to the care of the 
 British Government. Jhankuji Sindhia subsequently succeeded to the .C"/' 
 by adoption, marrying the grand-daughter of Baiza Bdi, who was at first regent 
 of the State. Family dissension, however, ensued ; Baiza Bdi had to leave 
 Gwalior in 1833, and Jhankuji Sindhia died without issue in 1843. His 
 widow adopted a young scion of the Sindhia family, who succeeded under 
 the title of Jaidji Rao Sindhia. He displayed great courage and loyalty 
 during the Mutiny of 1S57, when his army revolted to the mutineers, and he 
 himself and his Minister, Sir Dinkar Rao, were compelled to flee to Agra. 
 He was restored and brought back to Gwalior by Sir Hugh Rose on 19th 
 June 1858, and received many great and well-deserved honours during the 
 rest of his long reign. He obtained the right of adoption, numerous titles, 
 extensive grants of additional territor)-, and an increase to his army ; and 
 became successively an Honorary General in the British army, a Knight 
 Grand Cross of the Batli, a Knight Grand Commander of the Star of India, 
 and a Companion of the Indian Kmpire. The present Mahdrdjd, Madho 
 Rao Sindhia Bahddur, succeeded as a minor in 1886. The family colour, 
 famous on so many battle-fields, is l>/Mg-u>d, orange or brick-red, the flag of 
 that colour bearing on its field the representation of a seqient holding the 
 sun and moon in its coils — referring to a legend that Ranoji Sindhia, when 
 an infant, was sheltered from the heat of the sun by the expanded hood of a 
 cobra. The area of the Stale is 29,046 square miles ; its population 
 3,030,743, chiefly Hindus, but including more than 160,000 Muhammadans, 
 12,000 Jains, and 167,000 aborigines of various tribes. The Mahdrdjd 
 Sindhia maintains a military force of 5504 cavalr)', 11,040 infantry, and 48 
 guns. His Highness is entitled to a salute of 19 guns, and within the 
 limits of Gwalior territor)- to a salute of 2 1 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Gwalior, Central India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA i6i! 
 
 GYANODA KANT RAI, Rdjd. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 6th July i 
 Residence. — Jessore, Bengal. 
 
 HABIB KHAN, Sarddr Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal. 
 Residence. — Peshdwar, Punjab. 
 
 HABIB-UR-RAHMAN, KAZI, Khdn Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June i8S8. 
 Residence. — Burhinpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 HACHARAO AKBAT HARIHAR, Rao Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1889. 
 Residence. — Belgaum, Bombay. 
 
 HADI HUSAIN KHAN, SAYYID, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1S78. 
 Residence. — Delhi, Punjab. 
 
 HADOL, Thdkur of. See Harol. 
 
 HAFIZ ABDUL KARIM, SHAIKH, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1838. The title is personal, and was conferred in 1884 for services 
 rendered by his ancestors, and for his own acts of public generosity. His 
 father was present at the battles of Bharatpur, Kamon, and Shekhawati in the 
 first Kabul campaign ; and his brother was rewarded with a khilat for his good 
 services in the first and second Punjab wars. 
 
 Residence. — Meerut, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 HAIDAR ALI KHAN walad ALI AKBAR KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 HAKIM KHAN, MALIK, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 1888. 
 Residence. — Shihpur, Punjab. 
 
i64 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 HAKK NAWAZ KHAN (of Dera Ismail KMn, Punjab), 
 Khiin Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 8th May 1885. 
 Residence. — Baluchistan. 
 
 HALARI SHAMANA, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i8th May 1885. 
 Residence. — Mercara, Coorg. 
 
 HAMID ALI, MUNSHI. See Muhammad Hamid Ali. 
 
 HAMID HUSAIN, MAULAVI SAYYID, Shams-ul-Ulama. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the celebration of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign. It entitles 
 him to take rank in Darbdr immediately after titular Nawabs. 
 
 Residence. — North- Western Provinces and Oudh. 
 
 HAMIR SINGH (of Bayeri), Thdkur Sawai Rai. 
 
 Born 1838. The title is hereditary, but its origin is not known. Is a 
 Korkars Girassia Chief. Rendered assistance to the Magistrate of Harda 
 during the Mutiny of 1S57, for which he received a khilat. Has two sons — 
 Thdkur Umrao Singh and Thakur Sardar Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Hoshangabad, Central Provinces. 
 
 HAMIR SINGH (of Mohli), Thdkur. 
 
 Born 7th August 1825. The title is hereditary, and was originally con- 
 ferred by the Rajd of Benares. Belongs to the same family as that of the 
 Rdjds of Hatisi in Uamoh district, Central Provinces. This branch of the 
 family obtained the y'V''' of Mohli from the former Government of Sagar. 
 Has two sons — Kunwar Khalak Singh and Mohan Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 HAMIR SINGH (of Pali), Rao. 
 
 Born 1823. The title is hereditary. This Hundela Chief belongs to the 
 family of the ex-Raja of Banpur, whose estates were confiscated after the 
 Mutiny of 1S57. His son and heir is Nirbhai Singh, aged thirty-one years. 
 
 Residence. — ISanpur, Lalitpur, North-Wcstem Provinces. 
 
 HANUMAN SINGH (of BarwAra), Thdkur. 
 
 Born 1 84 1. The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred on 
 his ancestors by the Gond Rdjd of Mandla, Raja Nizam Shah. Is an 
 Honorary Magistrate of Jabalpur district. 
 
 Residence. — Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 165 
 
 HAPA, THAKUR WAKHATSINGHJI, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1877 ; succeeded to the _i,'-<7i/^' 4th August 18S9. Belongs to a Koli 
 (Hindu) family. Is at present a minor, and the State under the management 
 of the Mahi Kantha Agency. The late Thakur was named Madhusinghji, 
 and his widow, the Thakurani Surajbai, is living. The State contains an 
 area of 79 square miles, and a population of 1546, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Hapa, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 HARBALLABH NARAYAN SINGH (of Sonbarsa), Mahdrdjd. 
 
 Born 7th June 1846. The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd 
 January 1888. The Maharaja had received the title of Raja in 1875 for 
 eminent services rendered during the famine of 1873-74, and had been 
 granted the title of Raja Bahadur on ist January 1877, on the occasion of 
 the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. 
 Created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, 
 2nd January 1893. The family cognisance is a flag, bearing on it the 
 figure of an elephant. 
 
 Residence. — Bhdgalpur, Bengal. 
 
 HARBANS RAJ (of Hatri), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 7th April 1835. The title is hereditary, and is said to have been 
 first conferred by a Muhammadan King, in 1494-95, on the Raja Sahal Shah 
 of Bakhtiyargarh. Succeeded the late Raja on 8th May 1848. Rendered 
 good service to Government during the Mutiny of 1857. Has two sons, of 
 whom the elder enjoys the title of Diwan — Diwan Kishori Singh and Bhan 
 Partab Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Damoh, Central Provinces. 
 
 HARBANS SINGH, Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1846. The title is hereditary, the Raja being the brother and the 
 adopted son of the famous Sardar Tej Singh, who was Commander-in-Chief 
 of the Sikhs in the first Sikh war, subsequently appointed President of the 
 Council of Regency, and on 7th August 1847 created Raja of Sialkot. 
 Throughout the rebellion of 1848-49 the Raja Tej Singh remained faithful to 
 the Government, and on the annexation of the Punjab the Jdgirs of himsell 
 and his cousin, Sardar Bhagwan Singh, son of Jamadar Khushal Singh, were 
 confirmed for life. Raja Tej Singh rendered excellent service by raising 
 horsemen during the Mutiny of 1857, and as a reward, in 1862, two-thirds of 
 hisy4T'> ^^^s granted in perpetuity, and he received a sanad authorising him 
 to adopt an heir. He died in December 1862, having adopted his brother, 
 the Raja Harbans Singh, who now enjoys the title and estate. 
 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
i66 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 HARBANS SINGH (of Kandaula), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Sarddr belonging to the same family as those 
 of the Sardars Tara Singh of Manauli, Uttam Singh of Ghanauli, and other 
 Sardars of the Ambala division. The founder of the family was Sarddr 
 Khushal Singh, who achieved conquests in the Manjha, and took possession 
 of the town of Jdlandhar. In 1756 a.d. he had large Cis-Sutlej possessions ; 
 they were subsequently wrested from the family by the Mahdrdjd Ranjit 
 Singh of Lahore, but ultimately came under British control with the other 
 Cis-Sutlej territories. Sarddr Uayal Singh, the grandson of Sarddr Khushal 
 Singh, succeeded to the Kandaula estates, and his grandson is the present 
 Sarddr. For services during the Mutiny of 1857 the Sardars of this loyal 
 family received large remissions from the Government. 
 
 Residence. — Kandaula, Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 HARDERAM ANUPRAM MUNSHI, Rao Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 18th December 18SS. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 HARDHIAN SINGH, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, and January 1893. Is an 
 Honorary Magistrate of Delhi. 
 
 Residence. — Delhi, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 HARDIT SINGH (of Daydlgarh), Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 HARDIT SINGH, ROZA, Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary ; and Sarddr Hardit Singh succeeded his father, 
 the brave and loyal Sarddr Kdhan Singh, in June 1864. Sarddr Kdhan 
 Singh was the grandson of Tek Singh, who was in the service of the Bhangi 
 Sardars of Lahore, and received from them the grant of the village Nodhpur. 
 Kdhan Singh entered the service of the Mahdrdjd Ranjit Singh in 1822 ; 
 and, on the recommendation of General Ventura, was appointed Com- 
 mandant in the Life Guards, served with his regiment in Kulu, Mandi, and 
 elsewhere, and being severely wounded in the attack on Rdjd Suchet Singh, 
 was promoted to be Colonel, with large emoluments. He fought on the 
 Sikh side in the battles of Sobraon and Firuzshahr. After the annexation 
 Colonel Kdhan Singh lost his Jdgirs, but was granted a pension by the 
 British Government. When the Mutiny broke out in 1857 he was one of 
 the first Chiefs selected for service by Sir John Lawrence, and, starting at 
 once for Delhi with fifty-three of his retainers, he served with the Guides till 
 the fall of the city, being again severely wounded in one of the rebel sallies. 
 For these services he received substantial rewards from the Government, in- 
 cluding the rcgrant of some of his old Sikh y(7i,7>x. 
 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 167 
 
 HARENDRA KISHOR SINGH, Mahdrdjd Sir, K.C.I.E. See Bettiah. 
 
 HARI APPAJI, Rao Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 1888. 
 Residence. — Baroda. 
 
 HARI CHAND (of Lahaiil), Thdkur. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Lahaul, Kangra, Punjab. 
 
 HARI CHAND (of Bhabaur), Rai. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Rai belongs to the same farnily as that of 
 the Rajas of Kangra, Jaswan, Goler, Siba, Datarpur, etc. ; being descended 
 irom Raja Pirthi Chand, son of Raja Beni Chand. The Rai Karm Chand, 
 in the time of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh, held a large /i/y/V in this district ; 
 and his grandson, Rai Ratan Chand, died 24th October 1884, and was suc- 
 ceeded by his son, the present Rai. 
 
 Residence. — Bhabaur, Hoshidrpur, Punjab. 
 
 HARI CHAND YAJOJI, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 HARI CHARAN SARMA, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 3rd October 1872. 
 Residence. — Cachar, Assam. 
 
 HARI MOHAN THAKUR, Rai Baliddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 6th July 1888. 
 Residence. — Bhdgalpur, Bengal. 
 
 HARI NARAYAN KALE, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877. 
 Residence. — Ratnagiri, Bombay. 
 
 HARI RAJ SINGH (of Kashipur), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1857. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a family connected 
 with that of the Chand Rajas of Kumaun, being descended from Pahar 
 Singh, a younger son of Raja Baz Bahadur Singh, Raja of Kumaun from 
 1638 to 1678. In the time of Raja Dip Chand of Kumaun (i 748-77), 
 Mohan Singh, grandson of Pahar Singh, became Bakshi or head of the 
 army. He eventually seized and imprisoned Raja Dip Chand, and, on the 
 death of the latter in prison in 1777, proclaimed himself Raja under the 
 
i68 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 title of Mohan Chand. He himself was killed in 1788 by Harak Deb 
 Toshi, who again was driven out by Lai Singh, brother of Mohan Singh, 
 with the aid of Faizullah Khan of Rampur. Mahendra Singh, son of 
 Mohan Singh, was installed as Raja by Lai Singh, who claimed for him the 
 protection of the Nawab of Oudh, as recognised owner of the Tarai. In 
 1790, however, the Gurkhalis from Kathmandu invaded Kumaun and 
 defeated the forces of Mahendra Singh, who fled with his uncle, Lai Singh, 
 to Kota, and fixed upon Kilpuri as his headquarters, where he endeavoured 
 to enlist troops for an attack upon Kumaun. Hearing this, the Gurkhali 
 general, Amar Singh Thapa, marched on Kilpuri and thus deprived the 
 Kuniaunis of their only rallying-point. Mahendra Singh and his partisans, 
 deprived of every acre that they could lay claim to, fled to the Oudh 
 Subahdar, and representing that the tract from which the Gurkhali had 
 ousted them formed a part of the Tarai, which of right belonged to the 
 Nawab, requested his aid in recovering it from the Gurkhalis. A war with 
 Nepal would probably have resulted had not the good oflSces of Mr. Cherry 
 promoted an understanding, by which the Gurkhalis agreed to yield up all 
 pretensions to the low country. At the same time provision was made for 
 the retention by the exiled family of some doubtful tenure of a portion of 
 the Tarai for their subsistence. Mahendra Singh retired first to Rudrapur 
 and then to Kilpuri ; but, owing to bad management, this Pargana was 
 reduced to a swamp, and was rendered so unhealthy that on the petition of 
 the representatives of the family to the British Government, it was exchanged 
 for the confirmation of possession in taluqa Chachait in the Pilibhit district. 
 Kunwdr Partab Singh, son of Mahendra Singh, sued his uncle, Lai Singh, 
 for a share in Chachait, but his claim was dismissed. He then petitioned 
 the Government, who gave him Rs. 250 per mensem in 1820. Partab 
 Singh's claim to liazpur was also negatived. 1^1 Singh had held possession 
 as head of the family and retained it. Guman Singh, son of Raja Lai 
 Singh, received a sanad from the British Government in 1828, as Raja. His 
 son. Raja Shiuraj Singh, C.S.L, rendered good service during the Mutiny of 
 1857 ; and was rewarded with the Order of the Star of India, and with an 
 increaseil grant. He died in October 1886 ; and was succeeded by his son, 
 the present Raja, who married a daughter of Kupendra Bikram Singh of 
 Nepal, and has a son named Kunwar Udai Raj Singh. The Raja is an 
 Honorary Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Kashipur, Tardi, North-Wcstern Provinces. 
 
 HARI RAOJI CHIPLUNKAR, Rao BaMdur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 1888. 
 Residence. — Poona, Bombay. 
 
 HARI SINGH (of Nadaun), Midn. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Mian is a brother of Raja Amar Chand of 
 Nadaun, and a younger son of the Raja Sir Jodhbir Singh, brother-in-law of 
 the Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore, who died in 1873. The Mian is an 
 Extra Assistant Commissioner of the Punjab. 
 
 Residence. — Nadaun, KAngra, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 169 
 
 HARI SINGH, Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Is one of the Sikh Sarddrs of the Ludhiana 
 district, Punjab. 
 
 Residence.- — Ludhiina, Punjab. 
 
 HARI SINGH (of Pindit Lala), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sardar is one of the Sardars of the Gujrat 
 district, Punjab. 
 
 Residence. — Gujrat, Punjab. 
 
 HARI SINGH (of Akalgarh), DiiLHin. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Gujranwdla, Punjab. 
 
 HARI SINGH, SARDAR, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Sialkot, Punjab. 
 
 HARIHAR DATT DUBE (of Badlapur), Hdjd. 
 
 Born 1856. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a family of Dube 
 Brahmans, who came originally from Amauli in the Fatehpur district, where 
 their ancestor, Sheo Lai, was an eminent banker. In 1788 Sheo Lai Dube 
 was appointed farmer of the revenues of Jaunpur by Mr. Jonathan Duncan, 
 the Resident at Benares ; and obtained the title of Raja for killing a noted 
 rebel named Saltanat Singh. The sanad conferring the tdluka of Badlapur 
 on Raja Sheo Lai Dube, dated November 1797, is in existence, and was 
 signed by Sir John Shore, then Governor-General. The present Raja is a 
 great-grandson of Raja Sheo Lai Dube, and is an Honorary Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Jaunpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 HARIHAR SHASTRI DRAVIDA, Mahdviahopddhydya. 
 
 The title is a personal one, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, 
 in recognition of his eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take 
 rank in Darbdr immediately after titular Rajas. 
 
 Residence. — Indore, Central India. 
 
 HARILAL AMBASHANKAR, Rao Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1879. 
 Residence. — Sural, Bombay. 
 
I70 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 HARINDAR SINGH (of Kandaula), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary ; the Sardar belongs to the same family as those 
 of the Sardars Tdra Singh of Manauli, Uttam Singh of Ghanauli, and 
 other Sardars of the Ambala division. For an account of the Kandaula 
 branch of this family, see Harbans Singh (of Kandaula), Sardar. The 
 Sardar is a grandson of Sardar Dayal Singh of Kandaula. 
 
 Residence. — Kandaula, Ambdia, Punjab. 
 
 HARISH CHANDRA MITTRA, Rai Bahddtir. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June i888. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 HARNAM SINGH, AHLUWALIA, Kunwdr, CLE. 
 
 Born 19th January 185 i. Is a son of His late Highness the Raja Sir 
 Randhir Singh, Ci.C.S.L, of Kapurthala, and only brother of the late Raja 
 Kharak Singh of Kapurthala, and uncle of the present Rajd of Kapurthala 
 ('/.?'.) Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire on ist January 1885. 
 
 Residence. — Kapurthala, Punjab. 
 
 HARNAM SINGH (of Kharar), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1857. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Khatri famil}', whose 
 ancestor, Sardar Dayal Singh, took possession of considerable territory in the 
 Hoshiarpur, Firozpur, and Ambala districts. His sons were deprived of 
 much of their land by the Maharaja Ranjit Singh ; but the eldest, named 
 Sardar Dharm Singh, secured some lands in Kharar, Ambala district. His 
 grandson, Sardar C.anda Singh, rendered excellent services during the Mutiny 
 of 1857, and received a khilat from the Government in acknowledgment 
 thereof. He died at Patiala about the year 1876; and was succeeded by 
 his son, the present Sardar. 
 
 Residence. — Ambdia, Punjab. 
 
 HARNAM SINGH (of Lidhran), Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Ludhidna, Punjab. 
 
 HARNAM SINGH (of Moron), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1 86 1. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Jat family, that came 
 originally from Varpal, in the Amritsar district. About 1759 Sardar Sdlig 
 Singh obtained possession of territory around Moron. The family fell under 
 the power of the Maharaja Shcr Singh ; hut when the Jalandhar dodb was 
 ceded to the British after the first Sikh war, a considerable y'ly/r was con- 
 firmed to the head of the family in perpetuity, and is now enjoyed by Sardar 
 Marndm Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 171 
 
 HARNARAYAN SINGH (of Hdthras), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 9th December 1864. The title is personal, and was conferred on 
 ist January 1877, as a continuation of the title of the Raja's adoptive father, 
 Rcija Gobind Singh of Hathras. Belongs to a Jat family, whose founder, 
 named Makhan, came from Rajputdna about the year 1600, and settled in the 
 neighbourhood of Mursan. His great-grandson, Thakur Nand Ram, died 
 in T696, leaving fourteen sons, of whom one was Zulkaran Singh, ancestor 
 of Raja Ghansham Singh of Mursan ('/.r'.), and the other was Jai Singh. 
 The great-grandson of the latter, Thakur Daya Ram, established himself as 
 an independent Chief in his fortress of Hathras, at that time one of the 
 strongest in the country. The fortress was, however, captured by General 
 Marshall in 181 7, and the Thakur's estates confiscated. The latter, on his 
 death in 1S41, was succeeded by his son, Thakur Gobind Singh. He 
 distinguished himself by most valuable services during the Mutiny of 1857 ; 
 and was rewarded in 1858, by Lord Canning on behalf of Her Majesty, with 
 the title of Raja and extensive grants of land. Raja Gobind Singh was 
 succeeded by his adopted son, the present Raja ; who is an Honorary 
 Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Aligarh, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 HARNATH CHAUDHRI (of Dubalhdti), Rdjd Bahddiir. 
 
 Born 1S33. Is the son of the late Anandanath Rai, of Dubalhati in the 
 district of Rajshahi, Bengal ; who was descended through a long line of 
 ancestors from Kasiram Rai. The title of Raja Bahadur was conferred as a 
 personal distinction on the ist January 1877, on the occasion of the 
 Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. The Raja 
 Bahadur had received the title of Raja on the 12th of March 1875, '" recog- 
 nition of his eminent services during the famine of 1873-74. 
 
 Residence. — Rijshihi, Bengal. 
 
 HARO SUNDARI DEBIA (of Siarsol), Mahdrdni. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. The Mahdrdni had already received the title of Rani on 12th March 
 1875, for her eminent services during the famine of 1873-74. Belongs to a 
 family descended from Govinda Prasad Pandit. 
 
 Residence. — Bardwan, Bengal. 
 
 HAROL, THAKUR JAWANSINGHJI, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1883 ; succeeded to the gadi 22nd March 1888. Belongs to a 
 Thakerda (Hindu) family. The State contains a population of nearly 3000, 
 chiefly Hindus. Its name is also spelt Hadol. 
 
 Residence. — Harol, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
172 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 HARSA SINGH (of Mughalchak), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Belongs to an ancient Sikh family, famous for 
 the conspicuous bravery of its members. Sardar Anup Singh, of Probyn's 
 Horse, was one of the most distinguished officers in the army throughout the 
 Mutiny campaigns of 1857, 1858, and 1859. He was present at the fall of 
 Delhi, at the capture of Lucknow, and on many other great occasions ; was 
 four times wounded, and had three horses wounded under him. He also 
 fought with great distinction in the China campaign in i860, and subse- 
 quently in the disturbances on the north-west frontier. He twice received 
 the Order of Valour for bravery in the field. In 1876 he accompanied His 
 Royal Highness the Prince of Wales to England, and was honoured with the 
 marked approval of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen Empress and 
 the Royal Family. He died in 1885, amid universal expressions of regret, 
 and was succeeded by the present Sardar. 
 
 Jii'sii/cna: — Mughal Chak, Gujrdnwrtla, Punjab. 
 
 HASAN ALI BEY EFFENDI, 
 Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 Is a leading member of the Karachi Bar, 
 and was in 1886 appointed Consul for Turkey 
 by His Im[)erial Majesty the Sultan. Presi- 
 dent of the Sind Branch of the Central National 
 Muhammadan Association, 1884; also Presi- 
 dent of the Karachi Madrasa Board, managing 
 the Karachi Muhammadan College, which has 
 an endowment fund of about six lakhs of 
 rupees. 
 
 Residence. — Kardchi, Bombay. 
 
 HASAN ALI 'uHilad MUHAMMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 The title is hereditar>', the Mir being a representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Sind. 
 
 HASAN ALI walad MUHAMMAD AISAN, Khan Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 1st June 1S8S. 
 Residence. — Kardchi, Sind. 
 
 HASAN ALI KHAN, C.I.E., Nawdb. 
 The title is hereditary. The Nawab was created a Companion of the 
 Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire 5th February 1881. 
 Residence. — Baluch istan. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 173 
 
 HASAN ALI KHAN, MIR, His Highness. 
 
 The title is personal. His Highness is the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 HATI SINGH (of Chandgarh), Rao. 
 
 Born 5th September 1844. The title is hereditary, and is said to have 
 been originally conferred by Gori Shah Padishah. The family is descended 
 from Prithi Singh, who was eleventh in descent from the famous Bhoj Raj. 
 
 Residence. — Nimdr, Central Provinces. 
 
174 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 HATWA, MAHARAJA SIR KRISHNA PARTAB SAHI 
 BAHADUR, K.C.I.B., Mahdnijd Bahadur of. 
 
 Born October 1857. Belongs to a Baghochhia Brahman family, that 
 claims to have been settled as Rajas in the district of Saran for 102 generations. 
 The patronymic of the earlier Rajas was " Sen," this in the sixteenth descent 
 was changed to "Singh," in the eighty-third to "Mai," and in the eighty-seventh 
 to "Sahi." The traditions of the family state that the title of Maharaja was con- 
 ferred on the eighty-sixth in this line, the Maharaja Kalyan Mai, and that of Maha- 
 raja Bahadur on the eighty-seventh, the Maharaja Isham Karan Sahi Bahadur, 
 both by the Emperor of Delhi. In the time of Akbar it is said that the 
 Maharaja Jubraj Sahi Bahadur obtained possession of Pargana Sipa by killing 
 the Muhammadan Chief Kabul Muhammad, probably one of those Muham- 
 madan Chiefs who had rebelled against the Imperial authority in Southern 
 Behar. Four generations later the Maharaja Sardar Sahi invaded the Majauli 
 Raj, and destroyed their ^:;arh or fort, and imposed as terms of peace on the 
 Chief of Majauli the condition that he and his descendants were not to dis- 
 play their iiishans and liuiikas (flags and drums) till these should be re- 
 taken from the Hasipur (or Hatwa) Rajas. The eldest son of the Mah;iraja 
 Sardar Sahi died before his father ; he was succeeded by the second son, the 
 Maharaja Fateh Sahi Bahadur, who was a rebel against the British Govern- 
 ment in 1767, in the time of Warren Hastings, and ultimately fled to the 
 Gorakhpur jungles. His cousin, Babu Bassant Sahi, displayed his loyalty 
 by assisting the Government with his retainers, and doing all in his power 
 to arrest Fateh Sahi. But in 1775 he was surprised by the rebel and killed, 
 and his widow ascended the funeral pyre, and was burnt with her husband's 
 head on her lap. Bassant Sahi's son, Babu Mahes Datt Sahi, followed in his 
 father's footsteps, and the Government was about to proclaim him the rightful 
 successor of the rebel Fateh Sahi when he died, leaving a son, Babu — after- 
 wards Maharaja — Chhatardhari Sahi. In 1790, when the Decennial Settle- 
 ment was in contemplation, Lortl Cornwallis, after inquiring into all the 
 facts and the usages of the family, granted to the latter the estates of Fateh 
 Sahi; and in 1837 the title of Maharaja Bahadur was conferred upon him. 
 This title was renewed in October 1858 in favour of the Maharaja Rajendar 
 Partab Sahi, and by the sanad of 31st August 1874 in favour of the present 
 Maharaja Bahadur. At the time of the Santal insurrection, and again during 
 the Mutiny of 1S57, the Maharaja Chhatardhari Sahi Bahadur rendered most 
 valuable services to the Government, and was rewarded at the close of the 
 Mutiny with the grant of a portion of the confiscated estates of the rebel 
 Kunw.-ir Singh. He was succeeded by his great-grandson, the late Maharaja 
 Rajendra Partab Sahi Bahadur, who died in 187 i, leaving a minor son, the 
 present Mah.iraja. The latter attained his majority and was installed on the 
 :^iidi on 31st August 1874. He received a medal of distinction at the 
 Imperial Assemblage at Delhi in 1877, O" 'he occasion of the Proclamation 
 of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India, and in 1889 he was 
 created a Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire. The family cognisance consists of a shield between two swords, 
 with tigers as supporters, and underneath is the motto — " ^^dni^rrT^TjT " 
 
 Residenic. — Hatw.i, Sdran, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 175 
 
 HAZURA SINGH, SUBAHDAR, Jiai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 25th March 1880. 
 Residence. — Rewa, Central India. 
 
 HIMMAT SINGH (of Katra Balkheda), Thdhir. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Katra Balkheda, Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 HINDOL, RAJA JANARDAN MARDRAJ JAGDEB, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1855; succeeded to tht gadi i8th July 1877. The title of Raja 
 has always been enjoyed by the head of this family since Mahratta times, and 
 was formally recognised by Government in 1874. The State was founded 
 by two brothers named Lakshman Mahratta and Bharat Mahratta, scions of 
 the family of the Khemdi Raja in Ganjam. The present Raja, who suc- 
 ceeded his brother, Raja Fakir Singh Mardraj Jagdeb, is stated to be twenty- 
 fifth in succession from them. His father was Raja Ishwar Singh Mardraj 
 Jagdeb. The family cognisance is a dagger. The area of the State is 312 
 miles; its population 33,802, chiefly Hindus. The Raja maintains a mili- 
 tary force of 1 48 infantry and 2 guns. The State is one of the Orissa 
 Tributary Mahals. 
 
 Residence. — Hindol, Orissa, Bengal. 
 
 HINDUPAT (of Bharrai), Rao Saheb. 
 
 Born 1836. The title is hereditary, and was originally conferred on Rati 
 Rao, the founder of the family, by the old Mahratta Government of Deori. 
 Has two sons — Diwan Malkhan Singh and Diwan Gajraj Singh. 
 
 Resilience. — Sigar, Central Provinces. 
 
 HINDUPAT (of Ghat Piparia), Thdhtr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The present Thakur is the son of the late 
 Thakur Orjuri Singh. The family is descended from ancestors who obtained 
 the village of Ghat Piparia, with the title of Thakur, from the old Mahratta 
 Government of Sagar. 
 
 Residence. — Ghat Piparia, Sigar, Central Provinces. 
 
 HINDUR (NALAGARH), RAJA ISRI SINGH, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 Born 1832 ; succeeded to \ht gadi i6th December 1876. Belongs to a 
 Rajput (Hindu) family, whose founder was named Aji Singh, and the present 
 Raja is twenty-fifth in succession from him. The State was overrun by the 
 Gurkhas, but they were expelled by the British forces in 18 15-16, and in 
 that year the Raja received a sanad confirming him in the possession of all 
 
176 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 his territory except the fort of Malaun, for which the Thdkuri of Barauli was 
 substituted. Subsequently, in 1 846, the fort was restored to him. The area 
 of the State is 249 square miles; its population is 53,373, chiefly Hindus, 
 but including 7201 Muhammadans. The Raja maintains a military force of 
 375 infantr)' and 4 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Hindur, Punjab. 
 
 HIRA, RAWAT (of Dewair), Thdkur Rdivat. 
 
 The title was conferred on ist January 1877 as a personal distinction, on 
 the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress 
 of India. 
 
 Residence. — Merwara. 
 
 HIRA SINGH, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty, for 
 eminent official services in the Survey. 
 
 Residence. — Sur\'ey of India. 
 
 HIRA SINGH, MAN (of Manawala), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Man Jat family, descended from 
 Sardir Sarja Singh, whose grandson, Colonel Budh Singh, Mdn, served 
 throughout the Sutlej Campaign, and after its close was sent with the Sher 
 Singh brigade to assist the Mahdrdjd Guldb Singh to subdue the rebellion in 
 Kashmir. The Colonel rendered excellent service in this campaign ; and 
 also throughout the Multan rebellion (or second Sikh war), in which he was 
 severely wounded when fighting gallantly under Major Nicholson against the 
 rebels in the Margalla Pass. On the annexation he was rewarded with 
 extensive lands. On his death he was succeeded by his son, the present 
 Sarddr. 
 
 Residence. — Amritsar, Punjab. 
 
 HIRA SINGH, SARDAR (of Jamdan), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 5th May 1839. The title of Rdja was conferred on 7th December 
 1888 as a personal distinction, to mark the appreciation of the Government 
 of the Sardar's exertions for the improvement of agriculture in Oudh. Is the 
 son of Sardar Bahadur Jai Singh, of the Gondon Khatri Sikh family of 
 Jamdan, who was an officer in the army of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh of 
 l^ihore ; was subsequently appointed by Lord Lawrence to the ist Sikhs. 
 For his gallant conduct and loyalty during the Mutiny of 1S57 he was made 
 a Sardar Bahadur; and in 1858 was rewarded with a large grant of lands. 
 He .died in November 1865, and was succeeded by his son, the present 
 Raja, who was himself a distinguished officer in Fane's Horse, and ser>'ed 
 through the Mutiny campaigns and in the China war. Since his retirement 
 from the army he has lived for many years on his estates in Oudh, devoting 
 himself to their imi)rovement. 
 
 Residence. — Bahraich, Oudh. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF IXDIA 177 
 
 HIRAPUR, RAO CHHATAR SINGH, Rao of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 182 1 ; succeeded to the gadi ist May 1841. Belongs to a Rajput 
 (Hindu) family. The population of the State is 963, chiefly Hindus. 
 Residence. — Hirapur, Bhopdl, Central India. 
 
 HITTU RAM, CLE., Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1842. Has long been a distinguished political officer on the 
 frontier of Baluchistan and Afghanistan, having entered the service in 1859, 
 when he received a reward for preparing a " History of Dera Ghazi Khan 
 District and Frontier." Appointed to special duty for Kalat in 1875; 
 accompanied Sir Robert Sandeman on two missions to Kalat, and received 
 a khilat in 1S77 for his services thereon, also the title of Rai. Appointed 
 Extra Assistant Commissioner of the Punjab in 1879; and in same year 
 received a khilat at the Kalat Darbar, and was placed in charge of Sibi 
 district. Received the title of Rai Bahadur as a personal distinction, 20th 
 April 1 88 1, having served in the Political Department throughout the Afghan 
 war of 1880-81, with medal. In the same year he received a jdgir, and in 
 1 882 was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire. Was in charge of arrangements for supplies, etc., for the Afghan 
 Boundary Commission, 1S84, across the Baluch Desert; and received thanks 
 of Government for the same. Was on special duty in the Bolan Pass, in the 
 military preparations for the expected outbreak of hostilities between England 
 and Russia, March 1884 to November 1885. Deputed to hold charge of 
 Las Bela State on the death of the Jam in 1889, pending installation of 
 successor; and was on special duty with Sir R. Sandeman in 1889-91, and 
 specially commended. 
 
 Residence. — Sibi, Baluchistan. 
 
 HLAING, MAUNG (Shwedabo of Baw), Thuye-gaung Ngzoeda 
 
 ya Mill. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 1st June 1888. It means 
 " Recipient of the Silver Sword for Bravery," and is indicated by the letters 
 T.D.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Shan State of Baw, Burma. 
 
 HLE, MAUNG, Ahmudan gaung Tazeik-ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January i8Sg. It means 
 " Recipient of the Medal of Honour for Good Service," and is indicated by 
 the letters A.T.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Maulmein, Burma. 
 
 N 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 HME, M AUNG, Kyet Thaye zaung shwe Sahve ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 18S7, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty's reign. It means 
 " Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour," and is indicated by the letters 
 K.S.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Prome, Burma. 
 
 HOLKAR, His Highness t/ie Mahdrdjd Bahadur (of Indore). See Indore. 
 
 HOPON, KUN WARA, Myoza of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The area of the State, which is one of the Shan States on the frontier of 
 Burma, is about 400 square miles. 
 Residence. — -Hopon, Burma. 
 
 HORMASJI ADARJI PATEL, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 1st June 18S8. 
 Residence. — Sural, Bomb.iy. 
 
 HOSHANGJI JAMASPJI, DASTUR, Khdn Bahddur, Shams-u/-U/anui. 
 
 These titles are personal; the first was conferred on ist January 1S7S, 
 and the second on ist January 1890. The title of Shams-ul-Ulama entitles 
 the Khan Bahadur — who is also a " Dastur " or High Priest of the Parsis of 
 the Deccan — to take rank in Darbdr immediately after titular Nawdbs. The 
 Dastur Jamaspassa family are descended from Assaji. The last Dastur 
 of that family, the Dastur Nasarwdnji Jamaspji, Khdn Bahddur, rendered 
 valuable services to Government during the time of the Mutiny ; and 
 received the title of Khdn Bahddur as a reward for them in 1868. The 
 title of Shams-ul-Ulama was conferred on Dastur Hoshangji Jamasjiji in 
 recognition of his eminence in oriental learning. 
 
 Residence. — Poona, Bombay. 
 
 HUSAIN 'Uhdad SHAIKH MADAR, SHAIKH, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 1888. 
 Residence. — Belgaum, Bombay. 
 
 HUSAIN BAKHSH -walaJ GHULAM HAIDAR KHAN, J//V. 
 
 The title is hereditar)-, the Mir being a representative of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Sind. 
 
 HUSSAN. See Hasan. 
 
 HUTWA, .\fahdrdjd Bahddur of. See Hatwa. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 179 
 
 HYDERABAD (or, The Deccan), His Highness the Nizam of, G. C.S.I. 
 A Ruling Chief, and the Premier Prince of the Indian Empire. 
 
 Born i8th August 1866 ; succeeded to the masnad :is a minor, on the 
 death of his father, His late Highness the Nizam Afzul-ud-daula, 26th 
 February 1869. 
 
 The Nizam's full titles are — His 
 Highness Asaf Jah, Muzaffar-ul- 
 Mamalik, Rustam-i-Dauran, Arastu-i- 
 Zaman, Nizam-ul-Mulk, Nizdm-ud- 
 daula, Nawab Mir Sir Mahbub Ali 
 Khan Bahadur, Fath Jang, Knight 
 Grand Commander of the Most 
 Exalted Order of the Star of India. 
 Belongs to a family of the highest 
 antiquity and importance among 
 Muhammadan rulers, being lineally 
 descended from the first Khalif, 
 Abu Bakr, the successor of the 
 Prophet. His descendant, after a 
 long line of intervening generations, 
 was the Turkoman Chief named 
 Ghazi-ud-din, one of the greatest of the Cienerals of the Emperor Aurangzeb, 
 who was the hero of the capture of Bijdpur in 1686 a.d. ; he was 
 largely concerned in the overthrow both of that kingdom and of the 
 Golkonda dynasty, and in the establishment of the Mughal power in 
 the Deccan, which then became a subak (or province) of the Mughal 
 Empire of Delhi. His son and successor was Chin Kulij Khan,i 
 better known as the great Asaf Jah, the real founder of the Hyderabad 
 dynasty. He was born in 1644; and in 17 13 was appointed Subahddr or 
 Viceroy of the Deccan by the Emperor Farukh Siyar, with the title of Nizam- 
 ul-Mulk (Administrator of the Country), which has ever since been retained 
 by his descendants. He reigned till 1748, attaining the great age of 104; 
 and throughout this lengthened career, with occasional vicissitudes of fortune, 
 
 ' Kulij or Qulij — sometimes spelt Chillich — is the Turki word for sword ; and Kulij 
 Khan, as a title, bears the same meaning as the Persian Shatnsher Khan. On the title of 
 Asaf Jah, subsequently borne by the Nawab Chin Kulij Khan and his descendants, the 
 learned Professor Blochmann gives this note : " Asaf was the name of the Vazir of .Solomon, 
 who Uke his master is proverbial in the East for wisdom. During the reign of Akbar three 
 grandees received this title. Badaoni, to avoid confusion, numbers them Asaf Khan I., II., 
 and III. . . . Jahangir conferred the title of Asaf Khan (IV.) on Abul Hasan, elder brother 
 of the Empress Nur Jahan, and father of the Empress Mumtaz Mahal (or Taj Bibi, Shah- 
 jahan's wife), whose mother was a daughter of Asaf Khan II. During the reign of Shahjahan, 
 when titles containing the word Dauld were revived, Asaf Khan was changed to Asafud- 
 dauld ; and this title was conferred on Asaf-ud-daula Jumlat-ul-Mulk Asad Jang, a relation 
 of Asaf Khan IV. Under Ahmad Shah, lastly, we find Asaf-ud-daula Amir-ul-Mamalik, 
 whose name, like that of his father, Nizam-ul->.iulk Asaf Jah, occurs so often in later Indian 
 history." 
 
 As the ancient titles of the Mughal Empire are retained among the nobles of the Deccan, 
 and are still conferred by His Highness the Nizam, it may here be noted that in ascending 
 order they contain the words Jang, Dauld, Mulk, and Umara or Jah. Titles containing 
 the words Jah or Umara may be compared with English Dukes or Marquesses ; those con- 
 taining Mulk with English Earls ; those containing Dauld with Viscounts ; and those 
 containing/a;;^ with Barons. 
 
l8o THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 he continually increased his power during the days of the declining vigour of 
 the Mughal Empire. 
 
 The dynasty, thus established as the greatest native Power in the Indian 
 Peninsula, has been almost uniformly closely attached to the British Power in 
 India, and has consequently obtained from English writers the style of " Our 
 faithfully ally the Nizam." At all the most critical periods in the history of 
 the Indian Empire — in the Mysore wars, in the Mahratta wars, during the 
 Mutiny of 1S57, and recently when Russian invasion seemed probable — the 
 Nizam of the day has always rendered invaluable help. 
 
 Of Asaf Jah, the founder of the dynasty, an English writer thus 
 speaks : — 
 
 " Content, however, with actual sovereignty, he never assumed its title and 
 insignia. The family, indeed, to the last professed subordination to the Court of 
 Delhi, and the Nizam's successors continued to be formally confirmed by mandates 
 from the Mogul Emperors. The immunity enjoyed by Nizam-ool-Moolk, in a 
 practical surrender of the Deccan to his rule, appears to have been merely due 
 to his essential importance as the only available check to the growing power and 
 harassing incursions of the Mahrattas — a constant source of disturbance and 
 alarm to his titular master. The evening of his eventful life, whose span is said 
 to have exceeded a centur)', was spent by the first Nizam with singular retention 
 of extraordinary physical and mental faculties, in his so strangely gained prin- 
 cipality, when death closed in 1748 a career remarkable and prominent in a 
 stirring and productive time. Impartial estimates of his character can hardly be- 
 grudge his descendants a pride in the founder of their name and renown, for his 
 politic compass and tenacious hold of independent power were unstained by 
 treachery or cruelty, and the later annals of the family are similarly clear of the 
 grosser incidents of conquests. He left them, too, an example of equanimity 
 undaunted in adversity and superior to elation by success." ' 
 
 After the death of the aged Nizdm-ul-Mulk the throne of the Deccan 
 was long and fiercely contended for, with varying fortunes, by his grandson 
 Muzaffar Jang, and his sons (uncles of Muzafiar Jang), known as Ghazi-ud-din, 
 Nasir Jang, Saldbat Jang, and Nizdm Ali. Involved in these wars were also 
 the English and French forces in the Carnatic, and the armies of the Mahrattas 
 and of the Nawahs of Arcot. It was the Nizam Salabat Jang who finally 
 adopted the city of Hyderabad, on the river ^[usi, as his capital ; its ancient 
 name was Bhdgnagar, and it had been founded in 15 85 by Muhammad Kutb 
 Shdh, King of Golkonda. In 1761 Salabat Jang was dethroned by his 
 brother Nizdm Ali, who put him to death in 1763, and reigned till 1803 — 
 playing a prominent part during the whole of that period in the incessant 
 wars with the English, the Mahrattas, and the Sultdns of Mysore, Haidar and 
 Tipi)u. The first treaty between the British Power and the Nizdm was con- 
 cluded in 1 766, followed by great and permanent treaties in 1798 and 1800. 
 In accordance with these engagements, after the defeats of the Mahrattas at 
 Ldswdri and Assaye, the Nizdm received large accessions of territory, including 
 the great and rich province of Berar ; and similarly after the conquest of 
 Tippu the Ni7.dm shared in the division of territory. Nizdm Ali died in 
 1803, and was succeeded by his son, the Nizdm Sikandar Jah, who was 
 served in turn by three famous Prime Ministers, Mir Alam, Munir-ul-Mulk, 
 
 ' Quoted in the learned nnd voluminous History of Hyderabad Affairs, compiled for 
 private circulation in 1S83 by the Maulavi Sa)7id Mehdi Ali, Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk, 
 Secretary to the Government of llis Highness the Niiam. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA i8l 
 
 and the Raja Chandu Lai. In 1S29 Sikandar Jah was succeeded by his 
 son, the Nizam Nasir-ud-daula, who reigned till 1857. He had no great 
 liking for aflairs of State, which he left largely to the care of his Prime 
 Minister, the Nawab Suraj-ul-Mulk, who died in 1853, when the Nizam 
 appointed his nephew, the well-known Sir Salar Jang, to succeed him in the 
 office of Minister. Nasir-ud-dauki is described as having "a gracious dis- 
 position to private charity, and with much bountiful kindness to his de- 
 pendants." He died in May 1S57, just before the outbreak of the Mutiny, 
 and was succeeded by His late Highness the Nizam Afzul-ud-daula, father of 
 the present Nizam. 
 
 The loyalty of the late Nizam and his troops during the crisis of 1857 
 has been well commemorated by an English writer in the following 
 words : — 
 
 "When, on the 17th of July in that memorable year, after a frantic pro- 
 mulgation oi Jiliiid or Holy War on the part of the indigenous Muhammadans of 
 both Southern and Northern India, the Rohillas attacked the Residency, and 
 were repulsed by troops under the command of the late Colonel Briggs, had the 
 Nizam, untried as he then was, aided the movement, or even openly avowed 
 sympathy with the mutineers, there can be no doubt that any success at Hydera- 
 bad would have proved a signal for revolt to the bigoted and fanatic Muhammadan 
 population, not only there, but in all Central, Western, and Southern India, 
 and that our terrible straits elsewhere would have been multiplied and sorely 
 aggravated. For we had at the time but one European corps at Secunderabad, 
 the military station, and camped at Trimulgherry, about two miles from the 
 central arsenal, which must have been left in the charge of native soldiers if 
 attacked from the capital. . . . But the Nizam was firm in his alliance, attracting 
 to our side all that was respectable in his Court and capital. The traditions of 
 the family also, and old memories of rescue from the Mahrattas, were with us, 
 and not inefficacious in our hour of need. 
 
 "And now for the behaviour of the Hyderabad contingent. In this force, 
 recollect, are thousands of the same caste as those whose relatives elsewhere were 
 murdering their officers, or marching towards the Mogul standard at Delhi. 
 From these came emissaries, not only to their brethren of the contingent, with 
 letters and personal entreaties to join, but to the Court itself. The greater 
 portion of the contingent was presently ordered into the field, and a brigade of 
 all arms was pushed into Central India, where they fought, under Sir Hugh Rose, 
 with bravery and endurance unsurpassed by any corps in the Service. With only 
 eighteen hours' warning, i.e. receiving their orders at seven in the morning, and 
 starting at midnight of the same day, these troops took the field, and were absent 
 from their homes for fifteen months, remaining the whole of that time under 
 canvas, leaving their own fertile plain of the Deccan behind them, until, after 
 fighting their way inch by inch, they bathed in the holy river at Calpee, after a 
 signal victory obtained over the rebels at that place. Instancing a few of their 
 exploits, I may mention that at Mehidpoor, the seat of former triumph to the 
 contingent, when they formed a part of Sir John Malcolm's army in 1817, they 
 arrived, after a forced march of sixty miles, in time to rescue an English lady ; 
 and finding that the enemy, consisting of the Mehidpoor contingent and the 
 escaped garrison of Dhar, had made away with the Mehidpoor battery and 
 arsenal stores, they immediately, after despatching Mrs. Timmins to the camp of 
 the Bombay column, rattled off in pursuit, the enemy having got several hours' 
 start of them. They overtook the rascals late in the afternoon, about twelve 
 miles distant from Mehidpoor, charged, and captured both battery and stores, 
 cutting up a large number of mutineers, and severing at a blow, from the enemy. 
 
l82 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 most important means of offence and defence, which a week later would assuredly 
 have been in position and used against us when the great battle, which lasted 
 throughout four days, was fought at Mundessoor. The troops, especially the 
 native portion, lived almost entirely on parched grain collected from the fields in 
 the neighbourhood, and immediately submitted to the process of hand manipula- 
 tion over the fire. It is not my intention to trace here the further exploits of the 
 Hyderabad contingent troops, beyond noticing the fact of their rapid journeys in 
 advance of the main columns they accompanied, returning only to headquarters 
 when a general action was to be fought. On the thousands of miles marched by 
 the cavalry of this force, accompanied often by the infantry and artillery, I need 
 not dwell. Sir Hugh Rose termed these troops 'the wings of my army.' With 
 the restoration of peace came full time for recognising the Nizam's fidelity and 
 active aid. Presents to the value of ^10,000 were made to His Highness, and 
 the Star of India was conferred on him. The territor)- transferred in '53 to our 
 management was now yielding more than the requisite revenue, and a new arrange- 
 ment was accordingly proposed, under which, in 1S60, districts of the value of 
 13 lacs were restored to the Nizam, together with a transfer of the principality 
 of Shorapoor, whose Rajah had been seduced into the rebellion of the Southern 
 Mahratta country. This acquisition affords an annual surplus of ^15,000. We 
 also remitted the entire debt." 
 
 The Nizam Afzul-ud-daula, G.C.S.I., died in 1869, and was succeeded 
 by his son, the present Nizam, who has followed all the best traditions of his 
 ancestors, and has demonstrated his attachment to tlie Empire in even more 
 .striking fashion. In 1885 he offered to send troops to aid the Government 
 in Egypt ; and in the same year, when there was a menace of Russian 
 aggression on the Afghan frontier, he repeated tlie generous offer. But it 
 was in 1887, in the year of the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty's 
 reign, that His Highness gave the most signal proof of his princely loyalty. 
 In August of that year His Highness wrote the following most remarkable 
 and patriotic letter to the Viceroy of India : — 
 
 " Hyderabad, Aiigtisi 26. 
 
 " My Friend, — No inhabitant can be indifferent to the persistent advance 
 of another great military' power towards India ; to the necessity that e.xists for 
 putting the frontier in a proper state of defence ; and to the burden it imposes 
 on those charged with its safety and the care of the Empire. All who have the 
 welfare of India at heart are bound to consider what should be done, and to 
 show they are heartily in sympathy with those who are endeavouring to place 
 the frontier in a proper state of defence, so as to ward off all danger from our 
 hearths and homes. The Princes of India have not been blind to the movement 
 of events. We realise the financial responsibility the present state of affairs 
 imposes on the Indian Exchequer. It seems to me that the time has arrived for 
 showing in some open manner that India is united on this question, and for that 
 reason I write now to spontaneously offer to the Imperial Government a con- 
 tribution from the Hyderabad State of twenty lakhs annually for three years, for 
 the exclusive purpose of Indian frontier defence. This is my offer in time of 
 peace. At a later stage you can count upon my sword. — Your sincere friend, 
 
 " Mir M.miuuh Ai.i Khan." 
 
 The effect of this letter on public opinion throughout the world was very 
 great. Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen Empress was pleased to 
 express her warm appreciation of the loyal action of His Highness in the 
 following letter, by His Excellency the Viceroy's hand : — 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 183 
 
 "Simla, October 7. 
 "Mv Friend, — I have received from Colonel IMarshall your letter of the 
 26th of August, and send this reply by his hands. It is difficult for me to 
 express in fitting terms my sense of the ready loyalty and goodwill which have 
 prompted your Highness to come forward at this time with so generous an offer, 
 emanating as its does from the head of one of the largest and most important 
 States in India. It is indeed a striking proof of the friendly feelings entertained 
 towards Her Majesty and the British Government by the Princes of the Empire ; 
 and I had the greatest satisfaction in acquainting the Queen Empress with the 
 contents of your Highness's kharita. There is no doubt that the advance of a 
 great military power towards the borders of India has imposed on the Govern- 
 ment the obligation of taking those precautions for the defence of our frontier 
 which are adopted by all nations on becoming conterminous with each other, no 
 matter how friendly their existing relations. This duty undoubtedly has con- 
 siderably added, and will continue to add for some time, to the expenditure of 
 the Government of India ; and it is a convincing proof both of your Highness's 
 statesmanlike capacity as well as of your generosity that you should have been 
 the first among the Princes of India to recognise the principle that the Native 
 States are as much interested as the rest of the Indian population in assisting 
 the Government to take whatever measures may be necessary to preserve the 
 borders of the Empire from any dangers which may arise from external com- 
 plications. Again thanking your Highness in the name of my Government, as 
 well as in the name of Her Majesty and the Government of England, for the 
 noble example which you have set, — I remain, my friend, yours sincerely, 
 
 " DUFFERIN." 
 
 And the appreciation of the people of England of the friendly action of 
 the First Prince of the Indian Empire was aptly expressed in the following 
 leading article in the Times : — 
 
 " This is an intimation, which no one can misinterpret, that the great Native 
 Courts, who are outside the red line of British administration, have been alive to 
 the incessant encroachments of Russia in the direction of India, and now per- 
 ceive that this advance constitutes a danger for them as well as for us. We 
 believe that feeling is shared by every potentate, great or small, from Travancore 
 to Cashmere, yet it has remained voiceless, not for want of will, but rather of 
 knowledge as to how and when to speak. With remarkable acumen the Nizam 
 has not only seen that the time has come, but he has chosen the very best and 
 the most original mode of giving vent to the pent-up feeling of a large section of 
 the Indian population. In time of war and invasion, or, indeed, of any military 
 operations beyond the frontier, the rulers of the Native States would be com- 
 pelled to play a certain part, and we should receive, as we have received before, 
 the offer of their military contingents. But we are fortunately not in any immi- 
 nent risk of war or invasion, although we have sanctioned an expenditure of some 
 ten millions sterling on frontier defence, and it is this which makes the Nizam's 
 princely gift all the more gratifying and significant. There is absolutely no prece- 
 dent in Indian history for the Nizam taking this step in time of peace, nor, indeed, 
 for any Native Court admitting the least responsibility in regard to the financial 
 embarrassments of the Central Government, even if caused by expenditure on 
 objects from which that Court derives a direct benefit. The action of the Nizam, 
 magnificent in itself, is enhanced by all the attendant circumstances. It is quite 
 unexpected, the step having been taken by the Nizam entirely on his own 
 initiative. . . . We can assure His Highness that his generous friendship will 
 wake a responsive feeling in the breasts of the British people, not merely for the 
 noble proportions of his contribution to frontier defence, but for the loyal feelings 
 
i84 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 which inspired him to place on unmistakable record before the world the unanimity 
 of opinion in India on the subjects of English rule and Russian aggression. 
 The Nizam's act cannot fail to arouse our enthusiasm at the same time that it 
 furnishes a unique compliment to our authority and power. 
 
 "The impression produced by the Nizam's letter will not be limited to India 
 or this countr>', although its full effect will be felt most in the Peninsula of 
 Hindostan, where the ruler of Hyderabad speaks as the great political chief 
 among the fifty million Mahomedans of the Empire. The great service which 
 he has rendered our Government and cause is that, at a moment when even the 
 suspicion of compulsion could not exist, he has come forward with the frank 
 declaration that in his opinion every ruler and native of India has a common 
 interest in the security of the country against external attack. In doing this he 
 has not only committed his own person and dynasty to a policy of implacable 
 hostility to a foreign invader, but he has set all the feudatories of the Indian 
 Empire a splendid example. If any other Indian chief had taken this step the 
 deed would have been in a personal sense quite as gratifying, but it would not 
 have possessed the same political significance. When an Indian Mahomedan 
 talks of the secular power of Islam, his expressed thought may be for the Sultan 
 as Caliph, but his real conviction is that for him personally the Nizam is quite 
 as important a personage. The Nizam has spoken not only 'as the oldest ally 
 of the English in India,' but as the foremost Mahomedan potentate in our 
 quarter of Asia. He is an infinitely greater prince, tested by his revenue, the 
 number of his subjects, and his own personal enlightenment and that of his 
 Government, than the Ameer of Bokhara, who is termed the Head of Islam in 
 Central Asia. . . . The silly stories which those adventurers who wish to make 
 a livelihood out of Russian credulity have been circulating about English oppres- 
 sion in India, and especially at the expense of Mahomedans, have now received 
 the clearest possible refutations at the hands of the most representative Mahome- 
 dan prince in the Peninsula. The Nizam's letter is also important as putting an 
 end to all possible ambiguity as to the cordial relations and good understanding 
 subsisting between the Central Government and the chief feudatories of India. 
 A great deal too much notice has been paid to alleged disaffection at native 
 courts and capitals, instigated by outside intriguers ; and the armies and the 
 social state of Native States, kept up in conformity with written treaty, may 
 perhaps have been scanned with too closely critical an eye under the sudden 
 perception of what might be a concealed danger. The Nizam's letter annihilates 
 such petty and personal criticism. It is impossible after this to suspect Hydera- 
 bad of being less staunch in the cause of defending India than ourselves; and 
 when the greatest and most powerful of Indian States is thus outspoken we may 
 feel sure that the rest will not lag far behind. The Nizam has been good 
 enough to take the most effectual steps to shatter the pleasing belief of Russian 
 commanders and some Continental critics, that when the Czar's armies move 
 towards the Indus the discontented princes and peoples, alienated by the greed 
 and tyranny of England, will rise to welcome them as deliverers, so that the 
 contest will be virtually over before the first shot is fired. . . . The present 
 Nizam has bettered his predecessor's e.xample. He has anticipated the crisis 
 which may be before that countr)', and he declares in the most emphatic and 
 unequivocal manner that if the fatal hour comes he will be with us, and that 
 ' England can count on his sword.' This we never doubted, but what is as 
 surprising as it is welcome is that he has discovered the very best way to convince 
 the world that his words are sincere, and not mere lip scrN'ice. It would be 
 futile to talk of making the Nizam some adequate return, for there is no repaying 
 such generosity and cordiality as he has shown. liut we cannot do less than 
 admit that he acquires an additional claim on our confidence and consideration 
 by conferring an inestimable service on the whole of the Empire, and one which 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 185 
 
 no one but he, as the first of Indian princes, and the greatest magnate in alliance 
 with the Crown, could have rendered with the same effect. British politicians 
 can learn from his action the moral that British authority in India is both 
 popular and useful, and at the same time that the menace from Russia is 
 regarded by the responsible representatives of the Peninsula as a real and 
 growing danger. In the union of those who will suffer from it is to be found 
 absolute security, both now and in the future, and the Nizam has shown that 
 this union exists." 
 
 In November 1S92 the Marquess of Lansdowne visited His Highness's 
 capital in State, as Viceroy of India ; and was entertained at dinner 
 by the Nizam, who took the opportunity, when proposing the health of his 
 distinguished guest, to reiterate his sentiments of loyalty and friendliness 
 in the following words : — 
 
 " The historical friendship that has existed between my State and the British 
 Government has not been confined to mere mellifluous words, but has been 
 tested by deeds — deeds in which the best blood of Hyderabad was shed in 
 defence of British interests, deeds in which British blood w-as spilt in defending 
 the throne of a faithful ally. This friendship is a most precious legacy left to me 
 by my ancestors, which I am not only most anxious to maintain but to increase 
 by continuous deeds of loyal amity." 
 
 And the speech of the Viceroy reciprocated these sentiments ; the following 
 is an extract from it : — 
 
 " His Highness the Nizim rules over an area of 100,000 square miles and a 
 population of over eleven millions of human beings. It is perhaps instructive, in 
 order to give a correct idea of the importance of the State, to recall the fact that 
 its population is about five times that of Denmark, considerably more than double 
 the population of the Netherlands, of Norway, Sweden, and of Turkey in Europe, 
 while it is also considerably more than double that of the great island Continent of 
 Australia and of that vast Dominion of Canada in which I had for some years the 
 honour of representing Her Majesty. His Highness's territories comprise some 
 of the richest in natural resources of any in India, and it is not too much to say 
 that given a Government founded upon justice and personal security, there is no 
 reason why the State should not be what His Highness, I am sure, desires it to 
 be, an example to the rest. And I may add that there is no ruler whom, upon 
 personal grounds, the Government of India is more desirous of supporting and 
 encouraging in the discharge of his onerous duties than His Highness the Nizdm. 
 
 " I have had the advantage of meeting several of those who have had official 
 relations with him, and they are all agreed in bearing witness to the personal 
 qualities which have attracted to him the sympathy and goodwill of those with 
 whom he has been brought into contact. It is satisfactory to know that he has 
 on more than one occasion shown by his acts that he is sincerely anxious to do 
 his duty as the ruler of this important State. I may refer in illustration of my 
 meaning to the liberality with which the support of the State has been given to 
 such useful measures as the improvement of the w-ater-supply of Secunderabad, 
 and to the public spirit shown by His Highness in connection with the appoint- 
 ment of the Chloroform Commission, ably presided over by Surgeon-Lieutenani- 
 Colonel Lawrie — an enquiry which has already produced scientific results of 
 importance, and which shows that His Highness is prepared to recognise the 
 claims of a philanthropy transcending the limits of his own possessions." 
 
 The progress of the State of Hyderabad under the rule of this brave and 
 
l86 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 patriotic Prince has been most surprising, and is evident in every department 
 of public affairs. In communication and means of locomotion, in education, 
 in sanitation, in the administration of justice, police, and prisons, in finance, 
 in revenue-administration and surveys, and in every other department, the 
 most thorough reforms have been attempted with marked success. The 
 recent increase in trade and manufactures — cotton-spinning, cloth and silk 
 weaving, shawl-making and the like — has been most marked. It is not too 
 much to say that the Nizam is idolised by his people ; on the occasion of his 
 serious illness in 18S4, the prayers in all the mosques, and the public 
 anxiety throughout the State, reminded every one of the feeling evoked in 
 England by the illness of the Prince of Wales. The Nizam has had the 
 advantage of being served by many of the ablest and most experienced and 
 successful Statesmen that India has produced, among whom the most 
 prominent have been the late Sir Salar Jang, the late Shams-ul-Umara, and 
 the living members of the great Shamsiya family — Sir Asman Jah, Sir 
 Khurshid Jah, and the Vikar-ul-Umara. And to these may be added the 
 Nawdb Safdar Jang, Mushir-ud-dauld, Fakhr-ul-Mulk Bahadur, Minister of 
 Justice; the Nawdb Shahab Jang, Mukhtar-ud-daula Bahadur, Minister of 
 Police ; the Nawdb Nizdm Var Jang, Hasim-ul-Mulk, Khdn-i-Khdndn, Minister 
 of the Miscellaneous Dciiartment ; and the Nawdb Asaf Var-ud-dauld, Asaf 
 Var-ul-.Mulk Bahadur, Memi)cr of Council. And among the Ministers who 
 have successfully administered the important De|)artments of State under the 
 Council may be mentioned the Nawdb Mehdi Ali (Mohsin-ul-Mulk), the 
 Nawdb Mushtak Husain (Vikdr-ul-Mulk), the Nawdb Mehdi Hasan (Fateh 
 Nawaz Jang), the Nawdb Sayyid Husain Ali Bilgrdmi (Imad-ul-Mulk), the 
 Xawdb Chiragh Ali (Azam Var Jang), and the Sarddr Diler Jang (I)iler-ud- 
 dauld). By the aid of these Ministers His Highness has developed his 
 State by a great railway — which he opened in person on the 3rd of April 
 1 886 ; he has established an extensive system of public instruction, based 
 on the most perfect models, both for elementary and for secondary education ; 
 he has purified the administration of justice, and put it on a par with that in 
 British India ; he has repaired the neglect of centuries in the maintenance 
 and construction of tanks and wells, and in the sanitation of the great cities 
 of the State, and especially in the capital. He has introduced and largely 
 carried out a scientific system of Revenue Survey, and safeguarded the rights 
 of the poorer cultivators. The great central jail of Hyderabad, although it 
 contains some of the most desperate criminals in India, is admirably arranged 
 and administered, and is becoming a valuable centre for jail-manufactures. 
 His Highness has cared for the medical wants of his female subjects by 
 employing lady-doctors, establishing schools for the training of nurses, and by 
 many similar benefactions. Some of the sons of the Hyderabad nobles are 
 sent to England, at the cost of the State, to be educated. The Nizdm has 
 also established a system of famine-relief, for use in time of famine, based 
 on the Report of Sir James Caird's Famine Commission, that may be 
 compared with that of British India. In ever)- way the progress attained, 
 especially of late, has been most remarkable and gratifying. 
 
 His Highness's personal staff is at present constituted as follows : Private 
 Secretary, the Nawdb Imdd-ul-Mulk Bahadur; Military Secretary and Aides- 
 de-Canif', the Nawdb Mahbub Var Jang Bahddur, Major the Nawdb Afsar 
 Jang Bahddur, and the Nawdb Dawarul-Mulk Bahddur ; Siirgeon-inattcndance, 
 the Nawdb Sultdn-ul-Hukama. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 187 
 
 The family banner of the Nizam is coloured yellow, and it bears in its 
 centre a disc, which represents the " Lucky Chapati " of the first Nizam. 
 This family cognisance took its origin in the following incident. When the 
 first Nizam was departing to the wars in the Deccan, a holy man came 
 forward to give his benediction to the hero of the faith, and presented him 
 with a chapati as an emblem of good fortune ; this chapati the warrior carried 
 with him as an amulet through all his successful campaigns, and his 
 descendants have ever since borne the device called the kulclia on their 
 banner. 
 
 The Nizam rules his State in a constitutional manner, through the medium 
 of a Prime Minister — His Excellency Sir Asman Jah, K.C.I.E. — with a 
 Council of State, whose chief member is the Vikar-ul-Umara. His Highness 
 has fixed days in the week when he transacts public business with the 
 Council ; and thrice a week the Prime Minister attends at the Palace, with 
 all reports, financial statements, and other documents, thereby keeping the 
 Nizam fully informed of the state of public affairs. His Highness is said to 
 take a personal interest in all that goes on ; and indeed, for some time before 
 the appointment of the present Prime Minister, he acted as his own Minister, 
 with the aid of an English officer lent him by the Viceroy. He is a keen 
 sportsman, and a proficient in all manly exercises, especially in that of tent- 
 pegging, which is his great amusement, and in which he is very expert. 
 
 The area of the Nizam's dominions — including the Berars or Hyderabad 
 Assigned Districts, which are temporarily administered by the British 
 Government in trust for him — is about 98,000 square miles ; its population 
 is nearly 13,000,000, chiefly Hindus, but with over a million Muhammadans. 
 It is by far the largest, richest, and most populous of the feudatory States of 
 India ; it is three times as large as Bavaria, and more than twice as populous. 
 The Nizam maintains a military force of 6228 cavalry, 24,068 infantry, and 
 35 guns; exclusive of the Paigah or Household Troops. His Highness is 
 entitled to a salute of 21 guns. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Deccan. 
 
i88 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 IBRAHIM KHAN. See Muhammad Ibrdhim Khan. 
 
 IBRAHIM SAYYID. See Muhammad Ibrahim, Maulavi, Sa)-yid. 
 
 ICHHRA SINGH, Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Gujrdnwdla, Punjab. 
 
 IDAR, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA SRI SIR KESRISINGHJI 
 JAWANSINGHJI, K.C.S.I., Mahdrdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1864; succeeded to \\\& gadi 26th December 1S68. Belongs to 
 the great Rahtor Rajput (Hindu) family, said to spring from the second son 
 of the legendary hero Rama, and therefore of the Solar race ; of whom the 
 principal Chief is His Highness the Maharaja of Jodhpur, and to which also 
 belong the Chiefs of Bikanir and Kishangarh in Rajputdna, and other 
 important Princes. In 1729, when the famous Abhai Singh, Rahtor Rajd 
 of Jodhpur, was Subahdar of Gujarat under the Emperor Muhammad Shah, 
 and his brother Baklit Singh Rahtor was the conqueror of Nagar, two other 
 brothers, named Anand Singh Rdhtor and Rai Singh Rahtor, established 
 themselves at Idar by force of arms. The Peshwa and the Gaekwar soon 
 despoiled the young State ; and the Rdjd Sheo Singh Rdhtor, son of Anand 
 Singh, who died in i 791, was compelled to lose part of his territories, and to 
 pay tribute to the Gaekwdr. This tribute is still paid by the Chief of Idar, 
 who in return receives tribute from some other minor States. Sheo Singh 
 was succeeded by his son Bhawdn Singh, who died shortly afterwards, leaving 
 the ^adi to a minor son, the Rdjd Gambhirsinghji. The latter was succeeded 
 by the Mahdrajd Jawdnsinghji, K.C.S.I., who was a Member of the Legislative 
 Council of Bombay, and died in iS88, leaving his son, the present Mahdrdjd, 
 as a minor. His Highness was educated at the Rdjkunidr College at Indore. 
 His State has an area of 2500 square miles; and a population of 258,429, 
 chiefly Hindus, but including 8700 Muhammadans and 6266 Jains. The 
 Mahdrdjd has obtained a sanad of adoption ; and was created a Knight 
 Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India on 15th Feb- 
 ruary 18S7, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty. His Highness maintains a military force of 54 cavalry, 
 100 infantry, and 21 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 15 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Idar, M;ihi K.intha, Bombay. 
 
 IJPURA, THAKUR GOBARSINGHJI, Tluikur of. 
 .\ Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1850. Belongs to a Koli (aboriginal) family. His State has a 
 population of about 392, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Ijpura, Mdhi Kdntlia. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 189 
 
 ILAHI BAKHSH, SHAIKH, Khdn Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1889. 
 Residence. — Ajmir. 
 
 ILOL, THAKUR WAKHATSINGHJI DIPSINGHJI, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S64; succeeded to \\\q gadi i6th April 1866. Belongs to a Koli 
 (Hindu) family ; was educated at the Rdjkumar College, Rajkot. The 
 State of Ilol is tributary to the Gaekwar, and also to Idar. Its area is 44 
 square miles; its population is 5603, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Ilol, Mihi Kantha, Bombay. 
 
 ILSIFAT HUSAIN, MIR, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1889. 
 Residence. — Baroda. 
 
 IMAM BAKHSH 7.'alad SHER MUHAMMAD KHAN 
 (of Mirpur), Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a representative of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 IMAM BAKHSH (of Raikot), Rai. 
 
 Belongs to a Rajput Muhammadan family, that claims descent from the 
 same stock as that of the ruling house of Jaisalmir. Its founder, Tulsi Ram, 
 second son of Raja Dulchi Ram of Jaisalmir, is said to have become a con- 
 vert to Islam in the year 1833. His descendants occupied Raikot till the 
 death of Rani Bhagbari in 1852, when the territory lapsed to the British 
 Government. Rai Imam Bakhsh is a distant relative of the late Rani, and has 
 succeeded to her private estate. He has three sons — Amir Khan, Fateh 
 Khdn, and Faizulla Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Raikot, Ludhidna, Punjab. 
 
 IMAM BAKHSH KHAN, BOZDAR, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1834. The title was conferred on loth April 1884 as a personal 
 distinction, in recognition of his eminent services in the Survey Department 
 as an explorer of unknown tracts on the Frontier. He has done especially 
 valuable work as an explorer in the Gilgit country, also in Zhob and the 
 Ghumal country, and in the Shirani Hills. He has taken part also in ex- 
 ploring expeditions to the Vaziri country, to Buner, to Agror, Kandahar, and 
 Kabul. He is a Member of the Municipal Committee of Dera Ghazi Khan ; 
 and has received a khilat and a chair in Darbar from the Government. 
 
 Residence. — Dera Ghdzi Khdn, Punjab. 
 
190 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 IMAM BAKHSH KHAN walad MUHAMMAD HASAN 
 KHAN, His Highness. 
 
 The title is personal, His Highness being a representative of the ruling 
 Chiefs or Mirs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 IMAM BAKHSH KHAN, MAZARI, SIR, K.C.I.B., Mir, Nawdb. 
 
 The first title (of Mir) is hereditary, the second (of Nawdb) is personal, 
 and was conferred on 23rd Februarj' 1S77, in recognition of his loyal and 
 zealous services in Sir R. Sandeman's mission to Kalat. Belongs to a Mazari 
 Baluch family that claims descent from Amir Hamza, the uncle of the 
 Prophet, whose son, Kul Charag, emigrated from Persia to Kalat, and settled 
 in Kach and Makran. A descendant, Batil Khan, received the title of 
 "Mazar," meaning a lion in the Kaluch language, on account of his gallantry 
 in the battles with the Lashiris, and hence the name of this Baluchi clan. 
 Bahrdm Khan, the father of Sir Imam Bakhsh, received a sanad from the 
 Mahanija Ranjit Singh of Lahore. During the Mutiny of 1857 Sir Imam 
 Bakhsh gave conspicuous aid to the Government ; and was created a 
 Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, 
 24th May 188S. He is an Honorary Magistrate of the first class, and one 
 of the most influential and loyal Chiefs on the Baluch frontier. His eldest 
 son, named Bahram Khan, was born in 1S57, and has married the daughter 
 and only child of his cousin, Sher Muhammad, which marriage ensures the 
 Tamanddrship, or headship of the clan, to Sir Imam B.akhsh's descendants. 
 
 Residence. — Dera Ghdzi Khdn, Punjab. 
 
 IMAM SHARIF, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th Februar)- 1SS7. 
 Residence. — Sur\'ey of India. 
 
 IMDAD ALI KHAN wahui HASAN ALI KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is licreditar)', the Mir being a representative of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 
 Residence. — Sind. 
 
 IMDAD IMAM, MAULAVI, SAYYID, Shams-ul-Ulama. 
 
 The title was conferred on zj,\.\\ May 1889 as a personal distinction, in 
 recognition of his eminence as an oriental scholar. It entitles him to take 
 rank in Darbar after titular Nawabs. 
 
 Residence. — Patna, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 191 
 
 INAYAT ALI KHAN walad MIR GHULAM SHAH, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a representative of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 INAYAT ALI EiHAN, MIRZA, Ali Kadr Bahadur. 
 
 Is a grandson of the late Muhammad AU Shah, King of Oudh, being the 
 son of the Nawab Sir Mohsin-ud-daula, K.C.S.I., who married the King's 
 daughter. The title, whicli is a personal distinction, was first conferred by 
 King Muhammad Ali Shah in 1839, and was recognised by Government in 
 1877. Is a trustee of the Husainabad Endowment. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 INAYAT HUSAIN KHAN, MUNSHI, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born September 1834. Belongs to a Pathan family, and has been in 
 the service of the Government since 1850. During the Mutiny he rendered 
 valuable services at the risk of his own life and property, and for these he 
 has been rewarded with a grant, and on 6th June 1885 obtained the title of 
 Khan Bahadur as a personal distinction. 
 
 Residence. — Allahabad, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 INAYAT HUSAIN SHAIKH, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 25th November 1870. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Deccan. 
 
 INAYAT-ULLA KHAN, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1S87, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Gwalior, Central India. 
 
 INDAR DEO (of Akhrota), Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The family is of ancient Rajput origin. Its 
 founder was Raja Ranjit Deo, Raja of Jammu, the son of Raja Darab Deo, 
 who was the ancestor of the Maharajas of Jammu and Kashmir. Raja 
 Indar Deo's grandfather was the ruling Chief at Jammu, who was ejected by 
 the Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore when he conquered that territory. He 
 is the son of the late Raja Raghbir Deo. 
 
 Residence. — Akhrota, Pathdnkot, Gurdaspur, Punjab. 
 
192 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 INDAR KUNWAR (of Balrdmpur), Mahdrdni. 
 
 The Maharani, being the widow of the late Maharaja Sir Digbijai 
 Singh, K.C.S.I., of Balrampur, is the largest landowner in Oudh, and the 
 
 guardian of the heir to the Cliiefship of 
 Balrampur, adopted by her. The hereditary 
 title of Riija dates from the i6th century. 
 The family is a younger branch of the Janwar 
 family of Ikauna, in the Eahraich district {see 
 Narpat Singh, Raja of Gangwal). Madho 
 Singh, the younger brother of R;ija Ganesh 
 Singh of that family, made some conquests 
 between the Rapti and Kuana rivers ; and 
 his son, Balram Singh, founded the town of 
 Balrampur. Some of his successors, the 
 Rajas of Balrampur, successfully resisted the 
 exactions of the Nawabs Vazirs of Oudh. 
 Raja Newal Singh, who ascended the };adi 
 in 1777, is one of the most famous warriors 
 of the line. In 1S36 the late Sir Digbijai 
 Singh, K.C.S.I., then a boy of eighteen, 
 became Raja. Throughout the Mutiny of 1857 he took the most active and 
 conspicuous part on the side of the Government from first to last, and in 
 the final campaign aided in driving the rebel leaders across the frontier into 
 the Nepal Tariii. He was one of the five loyal Talukdars specially mentioned 
 in Lord Canning's Proclamation of 185S ; and in 1866 was created a Knight 
 Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. He was for 
 some time a Member of the Viceroy's Legislative Council, and enjoyed a 
 personal salute of 9 guns, with many other honours and dignities. He 
 died on the 27th May 1SS2. The Maharani adopted, as son and heir, 
 Udit Narayan Singh, a child nearly related to the late Maharaja; and in 
 1883 this adoption was ratified by the Government. 
 
 Arms. — Argent, on a fesse azure between in chief a sword in bend 
 sunnounlcd by a matchlock in bend sinister, and in base on a mount a tiger 
 couchant, all proper, an Eastern crown between two stars of six points of the 
 first. Crest. — On a wreath of the colours, upon a trunk of a tree eradicated 
 fessewise and sprouting to the dexter, a falcon surmounted by a rainbow, all 
 proper. Motto. — Fide et JuslitiA. 
 
 Residence. — Balrdmpur, Gonda, Oudh. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 193 
 
 INDAR NARAYAN, Rat. 
 
 Born 1850. The title is hereditary, and was conferred on 5th June 
 1S5S. Belongs to a Brahman family of Kashmir. The late Pandit Rai 
 Kishan Narayan was Settlement Deputy Collector of Sagar in the Central 
 Provinces at the time of the Mutiny of 1857, and greatly distinguished him- 
 self by his courage and fidelity, which were of the greatest value to the local 
 authorities throughout the time of the disturbances. As a reward he received 
 the hereditary title of Rai, with a grant of lands. On his death his son, the 
 present Rai, who is a Subordinate Judge in the North- Western Provinces, in- 
 herited the title and estates. He was educated at Agra, and has two sons — 
 Brij Narayan and Iqbal Narayan. 
 
 Residence. — Cawnpur, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 INDAR NARAYAN SINGH, Mahdrdj-Kumdr. 
 
 The title is personal. The Maharaj-Kumar is the son of the late Maha- 
 raja Gopal Chandra Singh, who obtained the title in 1867, "on account of 
 his many acts of public liberality." The Maharaja was the husband of the 
 Rani Janaki Kumari, eleventh in descent from Raja Banha Singh, and owner 
 of Pargana Sultanabad in the Santal Parganas. 
 
 Residence. — Maheshpur, Santil Parganis, Bengal. 
 
194 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 INDORE, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJ-ADHIRAJ SHIVAJI 
 RAO HOLKAR, BAHADUR, G.C.S.I., Mahdrdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born i860; succeeded to the x^tfi on 12th July 1886. His Highness's 
 full titles are — His Highness Maharaj-Adhiraj Raj Rajeshwar Sawai Sir 
 Shivaji Rao Holkar Bahadur, Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted 
 Order of the Star of India. Holkar is the dynastic name of the Princes of 
 this great Mahratta family, who have occupied a very conspicuous place in 
 the history of India since the first half of the i8th century. It is derived 
 from J/o/, the name of the village on the Nira river in the Deccan, where, 
 in 1693, was born Malhar Rao, the founder of the dynasty. It is an in- 
 teresting fact in connection with the history of this Principality, that its 
 administration has twice, at important periods, been in the hands of ladies of 
 the family — once, most successfully, in those of the famous Ahalya Bai 
 (1765-95), and once (less happily) in those of Tulsi Bai (1811-17). Malhar 
 Rao adopted a military life in his early youth, and in the year 1724 entered 
 the service of the Peshwa, from which time his rise was very rapid. Eight 
 years later he had become the Commander-in-Cliief of the Peshwd's armies, 
 had conquered the Imperial Subahddr of Malwa, and had received, from the 
 gratitude of the Peshwa, the territory of Indore, with most of the conquered 
 territory. He continued to strengthen his position, and at the great battle of 
 Panipat, in conjunction with Sindhia (see Gwalior, Maharaja of), he com- 
 manded one division of the Mahratta hosts. After that disaster he retired to 
 Indore, and devoted himself to the development of this great Principality, 
 which he left in 1765 to his grandson, a minor named Mali Rao Holkar, in 
 a state of prosperity. The latter died in a few months ; and the administra- 
 tion was then assumed by his mother, Ahalya Bai, the daughter-in-law of the 
 first Holkar. Aided by her Commander-in-Chief, Tukaji Rao Holkar, this 
 clever and courageous lady ruled for thirty years, and left Indore, at her 
 death in 1795, in a well-ordered and prosperous condition. Thereon much 
 disorder ensued. At last Jeswant Rao Holkar, an illegitimate son of Tukaji, 
 amid many vicissitudes of fortune, managed to maintain the position of the 
 family. He defeated the combined armies of Sindhia and the Peshwa in 
 1802, and took possession of the Peshwd's capital of Poona ; which, how- 
 ever, reverted to the Peshwa by British intervention after the Treaty of 
 Bassein in the same year. Again, after the Treaty of Sarji Anjengaon, war 
 ensued between Jeswant Rao Holkar and the Paramount Power, with varying 
 fortune, till at length, in 1S05, Holkar was forced to surrender to Lord Lake, 
 and sign a treaty on the banks of the river Bids in the Punjab. He died in 
 181 1, leaving a minor son, Malhdr Rao Holkar; and the administration was 
 carried on by Tulsi Bdi, one of the concubines of the late Mahdrdjd, as 
 Queen Regent. She was murdered in 181 7 by her own officers; but the 
 Indore army was defeated by the British forces at the battle of Mehidpur, 
 and the Treaty of >Lindesar followed in 1S18, by which ^L'llhdr Rao Holkar 
 became a feudatory Prince of the British Empire. He died in 1S33 with- 
 out issue. ^L-irtand Rao Holkar was adopted as his successor, but was 
 speedily deposed by his cousin, Hari Rao Holkar. The latter, dying in 1843 
 without issue, was succeeded by his adopted son, Khandi Rao, who died in 
 1844, and was succeeded by adoption by His late Highness the Maharaj- 
 
» 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 195 
 
 Adhiraj Tukaji Rao Holkar, father of the present Chief. Tukaji Rao was 
 only eleven years old at the date of his accession, and was the second son of 
 Bhao Holkar. In 1852 he attained his majority, and was invested with the 
 fiill management of the State. In 1857 the Indore army mutinied, and 
 besieged the British Resident, Sir Henry Durand, at Indore, who was ex- 
 posed to much difficulty and danger in taking off the women and children to 
 a place of safety at Bhopal. The Maharaja, however, remained loyal, and his 
 rebellious troops soon after were forced to lay down their arms. The Maha- 
 raja subsequently received a sanad of adoption, an increased personal salute, 
 and the rank of a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of 
 the Star of India. He died in 1886, and was succeeded by the present 
 Maharaj-Adhiraj Bahadur. His Highness has visited England, and is known 
 as a Prince of great enlightenment and ability. Like his illustrious father, he 
 has received the rank of a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted 
 Order of the Star of India. The area of his State is 8400 square miles ; its 
 population about 1,055,000, chiefly Hindus, but including about 73,000 
 Muhammadans, and 86,000 belonging to various aboriginal tribes. In size 
 the State of Indore may be compared with the kingdoms of Saxony or 
 Wiirtemberg, but is larger than either. In population it may be compared 
 with the Grand Duchies of Hesse or Baden, being more populous than the 
 former, and less so than the latter. His Highness maintains a military force 
 of 3231 cavalry, 6128 infantry, and 65 guns. He is entitled to a salute of 
 21 guns within the limits of Indore territory, and 19 guns elsewhere. 
 
 Residence. — Indore, Central India. 
 
196 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 INDRA BIKRAMA SINGH (of Raipur Ikdaria, Itaunja), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 24th November 1864. The title is hereditar)-, having been 
 assumed by Rai Dingar Deo, ancestor of the Raja, and having been 
 recognised as hereditary by the Government in 1S77. Belongs to a 
 Puar Rajput (Hindu) family, of the Vasishta Gotra or clan ; tracing their 
 descent from Deo Ridh Rai, eighth son of Rajii Rudra Sah of Dharanagar or 
 Deogarh, who took ser\-ice under the King of Delhi, and obtained from him 
 important commands. The Rajas have iDefore their residence a large square 
 stone, which they hold in almost sacred reverence. They say that they 
 brought it from Delhi, and that it is the symbol of their right to the estates 
 granted to them by the Emperors of Delhi. The late Raja Jagmohan Singh 
 died in 1881, four months after attaining his majority, and was succeeded by 
 his brother, the present Raja, then sixteen years old, as a minor under the Court 
 of Wards. Educated at Canning College, Lucknow ; attained his majority, 
 and received possession of his estate 2nd January 1886. 
 
 Residence. — Itaunja, Mahona, Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 INGHAR SINGH, Raa Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1SS7, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Charkhdri, Central India. 
 
 ISHRI PARSHAD TEWARI, Rai. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1 890. 
 Residence. — Central Provinces. ^^ 
 
 ISHRI SINGH (of Nadaun), Midn. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Is a near relative of the Raja Amar Chand of 
 Nadaun {q.v.\ and a descendant of the Raja Sir Jodhbir Chand, K.C.S.I. 
 Residence. — K.lngra, Punjab. 
 
 ISHWAR DAS, Rai Bahadur, Rdjd Ddyawant. 
 
 Born 13th June 1S26. The titles are personal, and having been con- 
 ferred by the Nawdl) of the Carnatic, were recognised by the Government 
 1890. His grandfather, the Rai Raj.i Makhan Lai Bahadur, and his father, 
 Rai Raja Tikam Chand Bahadur, both successively held important posts 
 under the Nawabs of the Carnatic. Belongs to a Kayastha family, claiming 
 descent from the famous Chitragupta. Has received the thanks of Govern- 
 ment for his public services and his benevolence. His adopted son is named 
 Lachmi Das. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 197 
 
 ISHWAR DAS, PANDIT, Rat Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1889. 
 Residence. — Peshdwar, Punjab. 
 
 JABRIA BHIL and JABRI, MIAN YUSUF MUHAMMAD, 
 
 Mian of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1874 ; succeeded to the gadi loth May 1888 as a minor. Belongs 
 to a Pindari (Muhammadan) family, descended from Rajan Khan, brother of 
 the Pindari leader Chitu. The State is tributary to Gwalior, and contains a 
 population of about 1000, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Jabria Bhil, Bhopdl, Central India. 
 
 JADAB CHANDAR BARUA, Rat Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 30th August 1888. 
 Residence. — Nowgong, Assam. 
 
 JADU. See Yadu. 
 
 JADUNATH DEO (of Aul), Kumar. 
 
 Is the son of the late Raja Padmalabh Deo of Aul, who was born in 
 1830, succeeded to the gadi in 1840, and has recently died. Is descended 
 from the ancient Royal family of Orissa. The Maharaja Makund Deo, the 
 last Maharaja of Orissa, was conquered by the Raja Man Singh {see Jodhpur) 
 as Viceroy of the Mughal Emperor towards the close of the i6th century. 
 When subsequently Ram Chandra Deo, belonging to another family, was 
 proclaimed Maharaja of Orissa by the headmen of the countrj', his title was 
 disputed by the two surviving sons of Makund Deo, of whom the elder was 
 also called Ram Chandra Deo, and the disputes were finally settled by Raja 
 Man Singh in 1580 a.d., who appointed Ram Chandra Deo, the son of 
 Maharaja Makund Deo, to be Raja of Aul, and his brother to be Raja of 
 Sarungar of Patiya, while the other Ram Chandra Deo was made Raja of 
 Khurda. In 1S03 the Raja of Aul acknowledged fealty to the British 
 Government. 
 
 Residence. — Aul, Orissa, Bengal. 
 
 JADUNATH HALDAR, Rat Bahadur. 
 
 Born 5th April 1832. The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th 
 May 1889. His great-grandfather was in the service of the Nawab of Mur- 
 shidabad in Bengal, and was granted by him the appellation of Haldar, which 
 his descendants retain as their family name. After the British conquest of 
 Bengal he was appointed Tahsildar of Khas Mahal in Barrackpore. During 
 
198 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 the Mutiny the Rai Bahadur was a prisoner in the hands of the rebels for 
 five months, and has subsequently rendered excellent service in the Police of 
 the North-Western Provinces. 
 
 Residence. — Allahabad, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 JADUNATH MUKHARJI, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 22nd May 1876, "for 
 liberality displayed by him in various matters of public progress and im- 
 provement." Granted the title of Rai Bahadur, as a personal distinction, 
 2nd January 1893. 
 
 Residence. — Hazdribagh, Bengal. 
 
 JAFAR ALI KHAN, CLE. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, 25th June 1887. Is an officer in Her Majesty's Army, with the 
 rank of Risaldar. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 JAFAR ALI KHAN, Nawdb Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal. Is the grandson of the late Amjad Ali Shah, King 
 of Oudh, being the younger son of Niram-ud-dauld, who married a daughter 
 of the King. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 JAFARABAD, C///V/C/ 5f« Janjira. 
 
 JAGADINDRA NATH RAI (of NAtor), Mahdrdjd. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on :st January 1S77. Belongs to 
 a Saritra Brahman family, who were eminent for many generations as Maha- 
 rajas of Ndtor, and at one time owned the greater portion of the Rajshdhi 
 district. It is stated that the title of Maharaja Bahadur was conferred on 
 Ram Jiban Rai by the Emperor of Delhi, and another saiuid from Delhi was 
 conferred on his grandson, the Maharaja Ram Krishna Rai Bahadur of 
 Ndtor. His son was the Maharaja Bisvanath Rai Bahadur of Ndtor, who is 
 said by the family to have been granted a political pension by the British 
 Government in 1806. His grandson was the Maharaja Gobindanath Rai 
 Bahddur of Ndtor, the (adoptive) father of the present Maharaja. 
 
 Residence. — Ndtor, K.ljshdhi, Bengal. 
 
 JAGADISHWAR CHATTARJI, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Born 17th March 1S46. The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd 
 January 18S8, for long and approved service in the Ojjium Department, in 
 which he held an important position. Belongs to a Brahman family of 
 Bengal. 
 
 Residence. — Ghdzipur, North-Weslem Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 199 
 
 JAGANNADHA RAO, VALLURI, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1S87. 
 Residence. — Vizianagram, Madras. 
 
 JAGAT BAHADUR (of Umri), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 17th November 1850; succeeded to Xh^ gadi 23rd October 1872. 
 The title is hereditary. Is the senior representative of the ancient Bilkhari 
 (Rajput) Chiefs of Fort Bilkhar, the vast ruins of which remain to this day in 
 the niauza of Agyapur ; descended from Ghaibar Sah, fourth son of Jaswant, 
 and great-grandson of Balbhaddar Dikhit, who built Fort Bilkhar after the fall of 
 Kanauj. About 600 years ago one of his descendants, Raja Ram Deo, was 
 the Bilkharia Chief of Patti and Fort Bilkhar, but was deposed by his son-in- 
 law, Bariar Singh Bachgoti (see Madho Prasad Singh, Rai), who slew his son 
 Dalpat Sah, and seized the fort, leaving only a few villages to the descendants 
 of Raja Ram Deo. The present Raja has a son and heir, named Lai 
 Krishna Pal Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Umri, Partdbgarh, Oudh. 
 
 JAGAT SINGH, Sarddr Bahadur. 
 The title is personal. 
 Residence. — Sidlkot, Punjab. 
 
 JAGATPAL BAHADUR SINGH (of Raipur Bichaur), Rai. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Is the son of the late Rai Jagmohan Singh (who 
 died on 9th April 1886) and of the Thakurain Sultan Kunwar, who now 
 holds the estate of Raipur Bichaur as the heir of her late husband (see 
 Sultan Kunwar, Thakurain). Belongs to the Bachgoti clan of Rajputs {see 
 Ranbijai Bahadur Singh, Diwan), and is descended from Hirda Singh of Patti 
 Saifabad. In 1818 Rai Pirthipal Singh held the estate, and was dispossessed 
 by the Nawab Nazim, but restored after three years. 
 
 Residence. — Raipur Bichaur, Partdbgarh, Oudh. 
 
 JAGJIWANDAS KHUSHALDAS, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877. 
 Residence. — Surat, Bombay. 
 
 JAGJODH SINGH, Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Is the son of the late Kunwar Peshawara Singh 
 of the Lahore family. 
 
 Residences. — Sidlkot, Punjab ; and Bahraich, Oudh. 
 
 JAGNISHAN SINGH, CLE. (of Atra Chandapur), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 2 1 St August 1841 ; succeeded 1864. The title is hereditary. 
 Belongs to the great Kanhpuria (Rajput) family {see Surpal Singh Bahadur, Raja 
 
200 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 of Tiloi), being descended from Raja Madan Singh of Simrauta, third son of 
 Prasad Singh, who was seventh in descent from Kanh, the Kshatriya founder 
 of Kanhpur in the time of the great Manik Chand. The seventh in descent 
 from Madan Singh was the Raja Mandhata Singh, who was in possession of 
 Chandapur at the time of the conquest of Oudh by Saadat Khan. The Raja 
 Shiudarshan Singh had half the estate confiscated at the time of the Mutiny 
 in 1857. His grandson, the present Raja, is an Honorar)' Magistrate, and 
 received a Medal of Honour at the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi on ist 
 January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty as Empress of India ; and subsequently for good services he has 
 been created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire. 
 Residence. — Chandapur, Rai Bareli, Oudh. 
 
 JAHAN KADR MIRZA MUHAMMAD WAHID ALI 
 BAHADUR, Prince. 
 
 The title is personal — a courtesy title of the Prince, as a son of the late 
 King of Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 JAHANDAD KHAN (of Khanpur), Rdjd, KMn Baliddur. 
 
 The first title (Raja) is hereditary, and the second (Kh;in Bahadur) is per- 
 sonal, and was conferred on 24th May 1 88 1 . Belongs to a family of the Gakkar 
 tribe, who overran Kashmir in early times, and were formidable opponents of 
 the Emperor Babar. Is the son of Raja Haidar Bakhsh Khan ; has acted as 
 Extra Assistant Commissioner of the Punjab. His son and heir is named 
 Fazaldad. 
 
 Residence. — Hazdra, Punjab. 
 
 JAI CHAND (of Lambagraon), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1870. The title is hereditary, and was conferred on 12th December 
 1 85 1. Belongs to the Katoch family of Rajputs, and is head of the Kangra 
 family. R.-ija Parmad Chand died childless in exile at Almora, and was 
 succeeded by his relative. Rajci Partab Chand, the father of the present 
 Raja. 
 
 Residence. — Kdngra, Punjab. 
 
 JAI SINGH (of Quler), Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary, and was conferred on 2Sth February 1878, the 
 Raja being the brother of the late Raja Shamsher Singh of Guler, and having 
 previously enjoyed the hereditary title of Mian. His son and heir is named 
 Rughnath Singh. The family is connected with that of His Highness the 
 Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir by marriage. It is an offshoot of the 
 families of Kangra and Lambagraon. 
 
 Residence. — Guler, Kdngra, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 JAI SINGH (of Siba), Rdjd. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 7th August 187 8. The Siba 
 family is an ofTshoot of the Guler family (see Jai Singh, of Guler, Raja), which 
 itself was an offshoot of that of Kangra. Is descended from Sibaru Chand, a 
 younger son of the Raja of Guler, who conquered the Siba territory, caUing 
 it Siba after his own name. Raja Ram Singh, the last of the old hereditary 
 Rajas of Siba, died without male issue in 1875. The territory lapsed to the 
 Paramount Power, but as an act of favour to His Highness the Maharaja of 
 Jammu and Kashmir, who is related to the family by marriage, the territory 
 and title was continued to a scion of the family named Raja Bije Singh. He 
 died in 1S7S, and was succeeded by his son, the present Raja. 
 
 Residence. — Siba, Kangra, Punjab. 
 
 JAIBANS KUNWAR (of Kaithola), Rihii. 
 
 Born 1 84 9. The title is hereditary. The Chief of Kaithola is the head 
 of the great Kanhpuria family (see Surpal Singh and Jagnishan Singh), being 
 the representative of Sahas, the eldest son of Kanh. From him a line of 
 twenty descents from father to son ends in the late Raja Mahesh Bakhsh of 
 Kaithola, who died without male issue in 1881. The estates were under 
 Government management for some time, and were then handed over to the 
 present Rani, the widow of the late Raja. 
 
 Residence. — Partdbgarh, Oudh. 
 
 JAIKISHAN DAS, C.S.I., Raja Bahadur. 
 
 Born 24th November 1832. The title is personal, and was conferred 
 on 18th January i860. Belongs to a family of Chaube Brahmans, who fled 
 to Etah from Muttra in the reign of Ala-ud-din Ghori, because they had slain 
 the Kazi of Muttra. Chaube Ghansham Das, having long been in Govern- 
 ment service, and having retired on pension, in 1857 rendered most valuable 
 aid to the Government, although blind and infirm ; and ultimately was 
 surprised and slain by the rebels at Kasganj. His brother, the present Raja 
 Jai Kishan Das Bahadur, had loyally supported him, and was rewarded with 
 the title and a grant of lands and other honours in i860. He was created 
 a Companion of the Most E.xalted Order of the Star of India in 1870. Is a 
 Fellow of the Allahabad University, and Deputy Collector of Bareilly. 
 
 Residence. — Moradabad, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 JAIMAL SINGH (of ThaUa), Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 JAIPRAKASH LAL, C.I.E., Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal; and was conferred on 31st August 1881. The 
 Rai Bahadur was for many years the Diwan of the Dumraon Raj, and 
 rendered excellent seu'ice in that capacity. On 25th May 1892 he was 
 created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire. 
 
 Residence. — Dumraon, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 JAIPUR, HIS HIGHNESS SIR MADHO SINGH 
 BAHADUR, G.C.S.I., Mahdrdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1861 ; ascended the gadi as a minor i8th September r88o, and 
 was invested with full governing powers on attaining his majority in September 
 
 1S82. Is the Chief of the famous 
 Kachhwaha tribe of Rajputs, de- 
 scended from the legendary hero 
 Rama, and therefore of the Surya- 
 vansi or Solar race. Tod devotes 
 a large part of his learned Annals of 
 Rdjdsthdn to the history of this 
 family, which, indeed, is no unim- 
 portant part of the history of India. 
 Tod says of the ruling family of 
 Jaipur (othenvise called Amber or 
 Dhundar): "A family which traces 
 its lineage from Rama of Koshala, 
 Nala of Nishida, and Dola the lover 
 of Maroni, may be allowed ' the 
 boast of heraldry'; and in remembrance of this descent, the Cushites [Kach- 
 hwaha] of India celebrate with great solemnity the annual feast of the sun, 
 on which a stately car, called the Chariot of the Sun, Surya ratha, drawn by 
 eight horses, is brought from the temple, and the descendant of Rimesa, 
 ascending therein, perambulates his capital." 
 
 The full title of the Maharaja is — His Highness Sardmad-i-Rajaha-i-Hin- 
 dustan Raj Rajendra Sri Maharaj-Adhiraj Sawai Sir Madho Singh Bahadur, 
 Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India 
 (see Introduction, g 11). 
 
 From Rama, the hero of the Rdmdyana, the greatest of the legendary 
 heroes of India, to Dhola Rao, the founder of the Jaipur State in 967 a.d., 
 there are enumerated 34 generations ; and from Dhola Rao to the present 
 Maharaja, 1 06 generations. Early in the 1 1 tli century a descendant of 
 Dhola Rao named Hamaji conquered Amber from the Minas, and fixed 
 his court there; and Amber remained the capital of the dynasty until 
 the time of Jai Singh II., who transferred it to Jaipur in 1728. In the 
 time of the Great Mughal, the Emperor Akbar, Raja Bhagwan Das of 
 Jaipur was one of the first Princes of the Empire. Overcoming Rajput pride 
 of race, he gave his daughter in marriage to the Emperor's son and heir, 
 Prince Salim, afterwards the Emperor Jahangir, and was himself one of the 
 greatest Imperial commanders. But his adopted son and successor, the 
 Raja Man Singh, was the most famous of all the Imperial generals. He and 
 his Rajputs carried the arms of the Empire successfully into Orissa, Bengal, 
 Assam, and Kabul ; the chronicles of the age are full of the exploits of the 
 brother-in-law of the Emperor, and he was successively Governor of Kabul, 
 Bengal, Behar, and the Deccan. His nephew, the Raja Jai Singh, known as 
 the Mirza Riija, was equally famous throughout the wars of Aurangzeb in the 
 Deccan ; he it was who effected the capture of the famous Sivaji, founder of 
 the Mahratta Power ; and he is said to have fallen a victim to the jealousy of 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 203 
 
 the Emperor, who caused his death by poison. Some generations later, in 
 the time of the Emperor Muhammad Shah, the second Jai Singh was famous, 
 not only as a warrior, but also as an astronomer. He built observatories at 
 Jaipur (to which place he removed his capital from the hills of Amber, five 
 miles off), Delhi, Benares, Muttra, and Ujjain. After the death of the Raja 
 Jai Singh II., the subsequent history of the family is much occupied with 
 leagues with Udaipur and Jodhpur against the Imperial Power, with contests 
 with Jodhpur for the honour of marrying a Princess of Udaipur, with Rajput 
 rivalries and defections, and with Mahratta raids. In order to regain the 
 privilege of marrying Princesses of the House of Udaipur— which honour 
 they had forfeited by marrying a daughter to the Mughal Emperor — the 
 Rajas of Jaipur agreed that the issue of a marriage with an Udaipur Princess 
 should succeed to the Raj even before an elder brother by another Rani ; 
 and this promise, coupled with the rivalry of the Rajas of Jodhpur for the 
 same privilege, produced endless troubles and disasters. In the time of the 
 Raja Jagat Singh, Amir Khan, the notorious Pindari leader (afterwards Nawab 
 of Tonk), sided first with the Raja of Jaipur against Jodhpur, and then with 
 the Raja of Jodhpur against Jaipur ; and devastated each country in turn. 
 At last, in 181S, the British Government intervened; took the Jaipur State 
 under its protection, and the Raja became one of the great feudatories. 
 
 The late Maharaja Sawai Ram Singh succeeded to the gadi in 1835. 
 He rendered excellent service throughout the Mutiny of 1857, and again in 
 the famine of 1868. As a reward, he twice received an increase to his 
 salute ; he was created a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted 
 Order of the Star of India ; and on the occasion of the Imperial Assemblage 
 at Delhi, on the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India, he was appointed a Councillor of the Empire, and received a suitable 
 addition to his titles and territory. The banner of His Highness that was 
 unfurled at Delhi on that auspicious occasion was exceedingly interesting, as 
 showing the close approximation of Rajput and European heraldic devices ; 
 for the Rajput Pancharanga was properly rendered as " A Barry of 5 — gules, 
 vert, argent, azure, or " ; and the solar lineage of the Kachhwaha Prince was 
 indicated by the device " In chief a Sun in its splendour." The late 
 Maharaja died in 1880; and was succeeded by his adopted son, a scion of 
 the Kachhwaha race, the present Maharaja. 
 
 The area of the State is 14,465 square miles; and its population 
 2,534,357, chiefly Hindus, but including more than 170,000 Muhammadans 
 and nearly 50,000 Jains. Jaipur is therefore larger than either Holland or 
 Belgium, and more populous than Greece. The Maharaja maintains a 
 military force of 3578 cavalry, 16,099 infantry, and 281 guns; and is 
 entitled to a salute of 19 guns (including 2 guns personal). There are 
 many Rajput Chiefs who are feudatories of His Highness. 
 
 Arms. — Barry of 5, gules, vert, argent, azure, or ; in chief a Sun in its 
 splendour. Crest. — A kuchnar tree proper, bearing cinquefoils argent. Sup- 
 porters. — A tiger and a white horse. Motto. — " Jato Dharma State Jayo." 
 
 Residence. — Jaipur, Rdjput^na. 
 
204 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 JAISALMIR, HIS HIGHNESS MAHAEAWAL SALIVAHAN 
 BAHADUR, Mahurdwal cj. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1886; succeeded to the^a/fi'as a minor 12th April 1891. Is the 
 Chief of the Jadu Bhatti Rajputs, claiming direct descent from the divine 
 Krishna, and undoubtedly boasting a lineage hardly less ancient than that of 
 the great Maharana of Udaipur himself The tribe takes its name from 
 Bhati, who was its leader in very remote ages, when settled in the Punjab ; 
 whence it appears to have been driven by conquerors from Ghazni, and to 
 have gone to the oasis of the Great Indian Desert, which it has ever since 
 inhabited. Deoraj, born in 836 a.d., was the first to take the title of Rawal, 
 and he founded the city of Deorawal. One of his descendants, the Rawal 
 Jaisal, founded the city of Jaisalmir, and built a strong fort there, about the 
 year 11 56 a.d. More than a century later, when Mulraj II. was Rawal, 
 Jaisalmir was captured and sacked by the Moslem troops of the Emperor 
 Ald-ud-din, in 1294 a.d., after a siege that had lasted eight years: and this 
 was the occasion of one of the great Sakas so famous in Rajput history — 
 when Mulraj and his warriors, having slain all their women and children, 
 cased themselves in armour, put on the saffron robe, bound the mor or 
 nuptial crown on their heads, and then sword in hand sallied forth to die 
 amid the slaughtered heaps of the foe. Again a similar disaster befell the 
 city in 1306 a.d., not long after it had been repaired by the Rawal Dudu. 
 Finally, in the reign of the Rawal Sabal Singh, the brave Bhattis were com- 
 pelled to become feudatories of the Emperor Shah Jalian. Outlying pro- 
 vinces were subsequently wrested from them by the neighbouring States of 
 Jodhpur and Bikanir ; till at length in 1818, under the rule of the Rdwal 
 Mulraj, the State came under the protection and control of the British Power, 
 and has enjoyed the blessings of peace. On the death of the Rdwal Ranjit 
 Singh, his younger brother, the late Mahdrdwal Bairi Sal, succeeded to the 
 gadi in 1864 ; and he was succeeded in 1891 by the present Mahdrdwal. 
 
 The area of Jaisalmir is 16,447 square miles; its population about 109,000, 
 chiefly Hindus, but including about 28,000 Muhammadans. In extent it may 
 be compared with Switzerland or Holland; but is larger than cither. His 
 Highness maintains a military force of 140 cavalry, 353 infantry, and 25 
 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 1 5 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Jaisalmir, Rdjput.'ina. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 205 
 
 JAISINGH RAO ANGRIA, Rao Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 18S9. 
 Residence. — Baroda. 
 
 JALAL-UD-DIN, KAZI, Khan Bahddur. 
 An Extra Assistant Commissioner in Baluchistan. Granted the title of 
 Khan Bahadur, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893. 
 Residence. — Quetta, Baluchist.in. 
 
 JALAL-UD-DIN, SHAIKH, Khan Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty's reign. 
 Residence. — Karndl, Punjab. 
 
 JALAM SINGH (of Amoda), Rdwat. 
 
 The title is hereditary ; and the present Rawat succeeded to the title and 
 estates on the death of his father, the late Rawat Lakshmi Singh of Amoda. 
 Belongs to a Tuar Rajput family, descended from Jet Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Amoda, Nimdr, Central Provinces. 
 
 JALIA DBVANI, JAREJA MANSINGHJI, Tdlukddrof. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born 1852; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 31st December 1868. 
 Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family. The area of the State is about 36 
 square miles; its population 2383, chiefly Hindus. The Talukdar maintains 
 a military force of 4 cavalry and 35 infantry. 
 Residence. — Jdlia Devdni, Kdthidwir, Bombay. 
 
 JAM KHAN wahd MUHAMMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a representative of one of the Mirs 
 who were Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 JAMIAT SINGH (of Ghoriwaha), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Sardar being of a Jat family, descended from 
 Sardar Sukha Singh, who in 1759 established his power at Ghoriwaha in the 
 Hoshiarpur district. The family subsequently fell under the power of the 
 Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore. Sukha Singh's grandson was the Sardar 
 Partab Singh, father of the present Sardar. 
 
 Residence. — Hoshidrpur, Punjab. 
 
 JAMKHANDI, RAM CHANDRA RAO GOPAL, Chief of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 The Chief of Jamkhandi also bears the name of Appa Sahib Patwardhan. 
 Born 1834; succeeded to the gadi as a minor i8th November 1840. 
 Belongs to a Brahman (Hindu) family. The area of his State is 492 square 
 miles; its population is 83,917, chiefly Hindus, but including 7628 Muham- 
 madans. The Chief maintains a military force of 52 cavalry, 943 infantry, 
 and I gun. 
 
 Residence. — Jamkhandi, Southern Mahratta Countr>', Bombay. 
 
2o6 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 JAMMU AND KASHMIR, COLONEL HIS HIGHNESS MAHA- 
 RAJA PARTAB SINGH INDAR MAHINDAR BAHADUR 
 SIPAR-I-SALTANAT, G.C.S.I., Mahdrdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1850; succeeded to the gadi 12th September 1885. Is the son 
 of the late Maharaja Ranbhir Singh, G.C.S.I. ; and grandson of the late 
 Maharaja Ghulab Singh, the founder of the dynasty, who was constituted 
 Feudatory Chief of the hill-territories east of the Indus and west of the Ravi 
 (with certain specified exceptions) by the treaty of March 1846, concluded 
 after the close of the first Sikh war. Belongs to a Dogra or Jamwal Rajput 
 family (Hindu) of ancient lineage, claiming descent from that of the former 
 Rajas of Jammu. The Maharaja Ghulab Singh was the great-grandson of 
 the Raja Dharabdeo ; and a grandson of the Mian Jorawar Singh, who was a 
 brother of Raja Ranjit Deo. He began life as a cavalr>' soldier, and became 
 a trusted officer under Maharaja Ranjit Singh of I^hore, who conferred on 
 him the principality of Jammu. At the outbreak of the first Sikh war he 
 had been elected Minister of the Khalsa, and was one of the most con- 
 spicuous Sikh leaders ; and after the battle of Sobraon he negotiated a 
 separate treaty with the British Power, by which he acquired the Feudal 
 Chiefship of Jammu and Kashmir on payment of a sum of 75 lakhs of 
 rupees. In the Mutiny of 1857 he rendered excellent service, and sent 
 a contingent to Delhi. He died in August 1857, and was succeeded by 
 his third and only surviving son, the late Maharaja Ranbhir Singh, G.C.S.I., 
 who was a munificent patron of learning, and did good service in connection 
 with the British Mission to Yarkand. He had the distinguished honour of 
 receiving His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales at Jammu in 1S76; he 
 also had his salute raised to 2 1 guns, by the addition of 2 guns as a 
 personal distinction. In January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclama- 
 tion of Her Majesty as Empress of India, he was gazetted a General in the 
 Army, and created a Councillor of the Empress. The Maharaja died on 
 1 2th September 1885, and was succeeded by his eldest son, the present 
 Maharaja, who was created a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted 
 Order of the Star of India on 25th May 1892. The area of his State is 
 79,784 square miles; and its population is about 1,500,000, including 
 nearly a million Muhammadans, about half-a-million Hindus, and over 
 20,000 Buddhists. In point of area, the State is more than double the 
 combined area of Bavaria and Saxony, and equal to that of any three or four 
 of the smaller European kingdoms i)ut together. His Highness maintains a 
 military force of about Sooo cavalry and infantry, and 288 guns; and is 
 entitled to a salute of 2 1 guns within the limits of the State, and to one of 19 
 guns in the rest of India. 
 
 Residence. — Srinagar, Kashmir ; and Jammu, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 207 
 
 JAMNIA, BHUMIA HAMIR SINGH, Bhumia of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S55 ; succeeded to the j^adi in 1863 as a minor. Belongs to a 
 Bhilala family — the Bhilalas being reputed to spring from the intermarriage 
 of Rajputs and Bhils. The founder of the family was Nadir Singh, a famous 
 Bhumia of Jamnia. 
 
 Residence. — Kunjrod, Jdmnia, Bhopdwar, Central India. 
 
 JAMSHEDJI DHANJIBHAI WADIA, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 JAMSHEDJI PRAMJI PALKIWALA, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1883. 
 Residetice. — Bombay. 
 
 JAMSHEDJI RUSTAMJI, Khan Saheb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i8th August 1881. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 JAN MUHAMMAD WALI ALI MUHAMMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a representative of one of the Mirs 
 who were Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Residence. — Sind. 
 
 The Santak of the Chauhan 
 Rajputs, called Cfiakra, used 
 in the seal and for signature. 
 
 (A circle with four Tristilas or 
 Tridents as radii at the car- 
 dinal points.) 
 
 JANAK PRIYA, Hani. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Rani being the last 
 surviving Rani of the late Raja Narayan Singh of 
 Sambalpur. The Rajas of Sambalpur were Chauhan 
 Rajputs of very ancient lineage. Balram Das 
 Chauhan conquered Sambalpur about the year 
 1445 ; ^"d Isft it to his elder son Raja Hirda 
 Narayan, while his younger son became Raja of 
 Sonpur {q.v.) The Chauhan device is the chakra 
 — a circle with four tridents {trisul) as radii, pointing 
 north, east, south, and west, as shown in the 
 margin. The Rani uses this device on her seal, 
 and for signature. 
 
 Residence. — Sambalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
208 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 JANAKI BALLABH SEN (of Dimla), Rdjd. 
 
 The title was conferred " for liberality and public spirit," on ist January 
 1891. 
 
 Residence. — Dimla, Rangpur, Bengal. 
 
 JANG BAHADUR KHAN, CLE. (of Nanpara), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1845. The title is hereditary; and the Raja succeeded his father, 
 the late Raja Mundwar Ali Khan, in 1847. Belongs to a Pathdn family, 
 descended from Rasul Klian, Togh Pathdn, a Risalddr in the service of the 
 Emperor Shah Jahdn, who in 1632 sent him to Salondbdd to coerce the 
 Banjaras who had overrun the jdgir of Salond Begam, the wife of Prince 
 Ddrd. For his performance of this duty he received the grant of Nanpara. 
 In 1763 his descendant Karam Khdn of Nanpara obtained the title of Rdjd 
 from the Nawab Shujd-ud-dauld. The present Raja was created a Companion 
 of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire in 18S6. He is an 
 Honorary Magistrate ; and has a son and heir named Muhammad Sddiq 
 Khdn, born 1870. 
 
 Residence. — Bahraich, Gudh. 
 
 JANI BIHARI LAL, DIWAN, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty's reign. 
 Residence. — Bhartpur, Rdjputdna. 
 
 JANJIRA, NAWAB SIDI AHMAD KHAN, Naiodb of. 
 A Ruling Prince. 
 
 Born 1863 ; succeeded to the gadi 28th January 1S79. Belongs to an 
 Abyssinian family of Sunni Muhammadans, claiming descent from Sidi 
 Sarul Khdn. The family were Abyssinian admirals of the fleet of the 
 Muhammadan kings of Bijdpur, who in 1670 transferred their allegiance 
 to the Emperor of Delhi, Aurangzeb. The Mahrattas often tried to conquer 
 the island of Janjira ; but were always successfully resisted. The Nawdb is 
 also Chief of Jdfardbdd, a small State in Kdthidwdr. The area of the State 
 is 324 square miles; its population is 76,361, chiefly Hindus, but including 
 13,912 Muhammadans. The Nawdb maintains a military force of 310 
 infantry and 179 guns; and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Janjira, Koldba, Bombay. 
 
 JANJIT alias NANBI RAJA (of Darn), Sawai. 
 
 The title is hereditary. 
 
 Resilience. — Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 209 
 
 JANKI (of Pamakheri), Thdkur. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Sagar, Central Provinces. 
 
 ■JANKI KUNWAR (of Paraspur), Rani. 
 
 Born 1839. The title is hereditary; the Rani succeeded her late 
 husband, Raja Randhir Singh, on i6th June 1878. The head of the family 
 is the chief of the si.x Thakurs of Chhedwara, famous for their turbulence 
 in the times before the annexation of Oadh. They claim descent from the 
 Kalhans Rajas of Khurasa, through Maharaj Singh, second son of Achal 
 Nardyan Singh. A descendant, named Newal Singh, obtained the title of 
 Riji while on a visit to the Court at Delhi ; and it was recognised as 
 hereditary in favour of the late Raja, Randhir Singh. The Rani's son and 
 heir is Bikramajit Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Paraspur, Gonda, Oudh. 
 
 JAORA MAJOR HIS HIGHNESS IHTISHAM - UD - DAULA 
 NAWAB MUHAMMAD ISMAIL KHAN BAHADUR PIROZ 
 JANG, Nawdb of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1855: succeeded to the gadi 30th April 1865 as a minor. 
 Belongs to a Pathan (Muhammadan) family, descended from Nawab Ghafur 
 Khan, an Afghan of the Swati tribe, brother-in-law of the famous Amir Khan 
 of Tonk, whom he represented at Holkar's Court. After the battle of 
 Mehidpur, Nawab Ghafur Khan, being in possession of this territory as a 
 grant from Holkar, was confirmed by the British Government. The present 
 Nawab has been appointed an Honorary Major in the British Army. The 
 State, which is feudatory to Indore, has an area of 581 square miles ; and a 
 population of 119,945, chiefly Hindus, but including 13,318 Muhammadans 
 and over 2000 Jains. His Highness maintains a military force of 63 cavalry, 
 177 infantry, and 15 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 13 guns. Jaora, 
 the capital of the State, is a station on the Rajputana-Malwa railway. The 
 Nawab has a son and heir named Muhammad Sher Ali Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Jaora, Mdlwi, Central India. 
 
 JASDAN, KHACHAR ALA CHELA, Chief of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1833; succeeded to the gadi in 1852. Belongs to a Kathi 
 (Hindu) family. The State, which is tributary to Baroda and Junagarh, 
 contains an area of 2S3 square miles; and a population of 29,037, chiefly 
 Hindus. The Chief maintains a military force of 60 cavalry, 354 infantry, 
 and 5 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Jasdin, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 P 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 JASHPUR, RAJA PRATAP NARAYAN SINGH DEO 
 BAHADUR, C.I.E., Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1822 ; succeeded to the gadi 24th October 1845. Belongs to a 
 Kshatriya (Rajput) family, formerly feudatories of the Mahrattas of Nagpur, 
 that came under British control in 181 8. Rendered good service in the 
 military operations in 1857 against the mutineers and rebels in Udaipur and 
 Palimau. Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the 
 Indian Empire, 21st May 1890. The area of the State is 1947 square miles; 
 its population is 90,240, chiefly Hindus. The Raja has a military force of 
 2 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Jashpur, Chota Nagpur, Bengal. 
 
 JASMER SINGH, Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1848. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Jat family, descended 
 from Sarddr Gurbaksh Singh, who acquired the territory of Thol Thangor, in 
 the Ambdla district of the Punjab, by conquest in 1759 a.d. During the 
 Sikh rebellion of 1848-49, and again in the Mutiny of 1857, this family 
 rendered good service to Government, and were rewarded for the latter 
 service. On the death of Sarddr Jawahir Singh, he was succeeded by his 
 two sons, the present Sardars — Kishan Singh and Jasmer Singh of Thol 
 Thangor. The Sarddr Jasmer Singh has two sons — Ram Narayan Singh 
 (born 1863) and Sheo Nardyan Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Thol Thangor, Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 JASO, DIWAN JAGATRAJ, JAGIRDAR, Diwdn of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born i860 ; succeeded to X\\itgadi 7th July 1889. Belongs to the great 
 Bundela Rdjput family, descended from the founder of the Orchha State that 
 has given ruling families to Panna, Dattia, Ajaigarh, Charkhdri, and most of 
 the other States of Bundelkhand. Bhartichand, the founder of the Jaso 
 State, was the fourth son of the Mahdrdjd Chhatrasal ; and his great-grandson, 
 Diwdn Murat Singh, received a sanad from the British Government in 18 16. 
 The Diwdn Bhopdl Singh received the additional title of Bahddur as a 
 personal distinction, at the Imperial Assemblage of Delhi on the occasion of 
 the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. The 
 area of the State is 75 square miles ; its population over 80,000, chiefly 
 Hindus. The Diwdn maintains a military force of 2 horsemen, 60 infantry, 
 and 4 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Jaso, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 JASWANT RAI, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and w.as conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign, in consideration of eminent 
 services in the Army Medical Department. 
 
 Residence. — Shdhpur, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 JASWANT SINGH (of Nurpur), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1S36. The title is hereditary. Nurpur is a hill principality to the 
 west of Guler. The Raja belongs to a Rajput family, descended from Jit 
 Pal, who came from Delhi about 700 years ago, and established himself at 
 Pathankot. Subsequently the family removed to the hills ; and Nurpur 
 became their capital in the time of Raja Basu, about the year 1640 a.d. At 
 the time of the conquests of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore, Raja Bir, 
 father of the present Raja, was Raja of Nurpur. He endeavoured to resist 
 Ranjit Singh ; but being compelled to take refuge in Chamba, was given up 
 by the Raja of Chamba, and imprisoned in the fortress of Gobindgarh. 
 Subsequently he was ransomed by his brother-in-law, Sardar Charat Singh, 
 for Rs.85,000 ; and in 1846 raised the standard of revolt, besieged 
 Nurpur, and died before its walls. He vt^as succeeded by the present Raja, 
 who has received a large grant from the British Government. 
 
 Residence. — -Nurpur, K^ngra, Punjab. 
 
 JATH, AMRITRAO RAO SAHEB HKPIL'L.'Q, Jdgirddr of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1835 ; succeeded to the gaJi 28th July 1841 as a minor. Belongs 
 to a Mahratta (Hindu) family. The late Jagirdar, Ramrao, died in 1841 
 without issue ; whereon his widow, Bhagirthibai, adopted Amritrao, the 
 present Jagirdar. The Daphle is also Chief of Karasgi ; and the jdgir of 
 Daphlapur (or Daflapur) is also really a part of this State, and will revert to 
 it on the demise of the three widows of the late Chief. The founder of the 
 Jath State was the hereditary pdtel., or headman, of Daflapur village. The 
 area of the State is 884 square miles; its population is 49,491, chiefly 
 Hindus, but including 2842 Muhammadans. 
 
 Residence. — Jath, Bijapur, Bombay. 
 
 JAWAHIR LAL, LALA, Rai Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — India. 
 
 JAWAHIR SINGH (of Chamdri), Rao. 
 
 Born 1845. The title is hereditary, having been originally granted by 
 the Raja Mori Pahlodh of Chanderi, and subsequently confirmed under 
 British rule. 
 
 Residence. — Chamdri, SAgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 JAWASIA, RAWAT LAL SINGH, Rdwat of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1858 ; succeeded to the gadi in 1882. Belongs to a Rijput 
 (Hindu) family. The population of the State is about 607, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Jawisia, Western Mdlwi, Central India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 JAWHAR, PATANGSHAH VIKEAMSHAH MUKNI, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S55 ; succeeded to ihtgadi 29th June 1866 as a minor. Belongs 
 to a Koli (Hindu) family, descended from Jaya Mukni, a freebooter who 
 possessed himself of this territory about 1335. His son, Nim Shah, obtained 
 the title of Raja from the Emperor of Delhi in the year 1341. The late 
 Rajd Vikramshah died in 1865 ; and his widow, the Rani Lakshmibdi Saheb, 
 adopted the present Raja, who was then called Malhar Rao, son of Mddhav- 
 rao Dewrao Mukni, a descendant of Rdja Krishnd Shah, ninth Rajd of Jawhar. 
 The State has an area of 534 square miles; and a population of 48,556, 
 chiefly Hindus. The Raja maintains a military force of 8 cavalry and 25 
 infantry. The family cognisance is an arrow, barbed, point downward. 
 
 Residence. — Jawhdr, Thdna, Bombay. 
 
 JEJEEBHOY, SIR JAMSETJEE, Baronet, C.S.l. 
 
 Born 3rd March 1851 ; succeeded his father, the late Sir Jamsetjee 
 Jejeebhoy, second Baronet, in 1877 ; when (in accordance with the special 
 Act of the Indian Legislature of i860) he assumed 
 the name of Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy in lieu of Manekjee 
 Cursetjee. Is the third Baronet ; and has been 
 created a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of 
 the Star of India. Is a merchant of the city of 
 Bombay, a Magistrate, and Member of the Legis- 
 lative Council of Bombay. Belongs to a family 
 that has long been regarded as the leaders of the 
 Parsi community of Western India. The first 
 Baronet, Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy, K.C.B., of Bom- 
 bay, was so created in 1857, in recognition of his 
 unbounded munificence and public spirit, and of 
 his undoubted loyalty. His very great wealth was 
 used in promoting the good of others; and the second 
 Baronet, who died in 1877, also earned a similar 
 reputation for benevolence and liberality. In i860, the special Act of the 
 Indian Legislature, referred to above, was passed with the sanction of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty, enacting that all future holders of the title, on 
 succeeding to it, shall relinquish their own names and assume those of the 
 first Baronet. The present Baronet, in 1869, married Jerbai, daughter of 
 Shapurji Dhanjibhai, Esq. ; and has a son and heir, Cursetjee, born nth 
 November 1878. Sir Jamsetjee's brothers are : ( i ) Cowasjee Cursetjee, bom 
 25th November 1852, married, in 1S69, (lulbai Rustamji Wadia ; and (2) 
 Jamsetjee Cursetjee, born 1S60, married, 1882, Awabai Shapurji Dhanjibhai. 
 The family arms are azure, a sun rising above a representation of the 
 Ghats (mountains near Bombay) in base, and in chief two bees volant, all 
 proper. The crest is a mount vert, thereon a peacock amidst wheat, and 
 in the beak an ear of wheat, all proper. 
 
 Residence. — Mazagon Castle, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 213 
 
 JETPUR, AZAM VALA LAKSHMAN MBRAN, Tdlukddr of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1849; succeeded to the g-at/i 17th September 1883. Jointly 
 rules Jetpur with several other Talukdars. The State is tributary to Baroda 
 and Junagarh. 
 
 Residence. — Jetpur, Kithidwir, Bombay. 
 
 JETPUR, AZAM VALA SURAG GANGA, Tdlukddr of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1799; succeeded to the gadt ist September 1847. Joint- 
 Talukdar of Jetpur with several others. 
 
 Residence. — Jetpur, Kithiiwir, Bombay. 
 
 JETPUR, AZAM VALA NAJA KALA DEODAN, Tdlukddr of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1865 ; succeeded to the gadii^th June 1890. Is Joint-Talukdar 
 of Jetpur with several others. 
 
 Residence. — Jetpur, Kdthiiw^r, Bombay. 
 
 JHABUA, HIS HIGHNESS RAJA GOPAL SINGH, Rdjd of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 22nd February 1841 ; succeeded to the ^fl^f/ as a minor in October 
 1 84 1. Belongs to the great Rathor Rajput family of the Maharajas of 
 Jodhpur, Idar, etc. The title of Raja was bestowed on Kishan Das, a 
 remote ancestor of the present Raja, by Ala-ud-din, the Emperor of Delhi, 
 as a reward for a successful campaign in Bengal, and for punishing the Bhil 
 Chiefs of Jhabua, who had murdered an Imperial Viceroy of Gujarat. The 
 State, which was at one time tributary to Indore, has an area of 1336 square 
 miles; and a population of 92,938, chiefly Hindus, but including nearly 
 50,000 belonging to the aboriginal Bhil and other tribes. The State flag is 
 red. The Raja maintains a military force of 64 cavalry, 253 infantry, and 
 4 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 1 1 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Jhabua, Bhopdwar, Central India. 
 
 JHALARIA, Thdkicr of. See Jhalera. 
 
214 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 JHALAWAR, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJ RANA ZALIM 
 SINGH, BAHADUR, Malidrdj Rdnd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Bom 1864 ; succeeded to the gadi 24th June 1876 as a minor. Is a 
 Chief of the Jhala Rajputs, whose ancestors came from Jhalawar in Kdthia- 
 war. In 1709 a.d. Bhao Singh, a younger son of the Chief of Hahvad in 
 Kathiawdr, took some retainers with him and went to Delhi. His son 
 Madhu Singh rose to high favour and rank in the service of the Mahdrdjd of 
 Kotah ; his sister was married to the heir, and his descendants thus acquired 
 the title of Mamd (" maternal uncle ") in Kotah. Ultimately, in 1 838, a portion 
 of the State of Kotah was cut off, with the consent of the Mahdrdjd and of 
 the British Government, and erected into the State of Jhdldwar, under one 
 of Madhu Singh's descendants, Madan Singh, son of Zalim Singh, who had 
 long been the successful administrator of Kotah. Madan Singh received the 
 title of Mahardj Rdnd. His son, Prithi Singh, did good service during the 
 Mutiny ; and was succeeded in 1876 by his adopted son, the present Mahdrdj 
 Rdnd, as a minor. His Highness was educated at Mayo College, Ajmir ; 
 and was invested with full powers of government on attaining his majority in 
 1884. The State has an area of 2694 square miles; and a population of 
 340,488, chiefly Hindus, but including 20,863 Muhammadans. His High- 
 ness maintains a military force of 403 cavalry, 3873 infantry, and 94 guns; 
 and is entitled to a salute of 15 guns. 
 
 RcsiiUnce. — Jlialra Patan, Rdjput.lna. 
 
 JHALERA, THAKUR HATTE SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1858 ; succeeded to the gadi 22nd May 1884. This is a Girdsia 
 State, connected with Gwalior. 
 
 Residence. — Jhalera, Bhopdl, Central India. 
 
 JHARI GHARKHADI, NAIK SUKRONA tva/ad 
 CHAMBARYA RESHMA, Chief of 
 
 Born 1850. Belongs to a Bhil (aboriginal) family. The State (which is 
 one of the Dang States of Khandesh) has an area of 8 square miles ; and a 
 population of 167, chiefly Bhils. 
 
 Residence. — Jhari Gliarkliadi, Khdndesh, Bombay. 
 
 JIQNI, RAO LAKSHMAN SINGH BAHADUR, Rao of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S60; succeeded to the ^v"''' 'is a minor i6th September 1871. 
 Belongs to the great Bundela Rdjput family, descended from the founder of 
 the Orchha State, which has given ruling families to Panna, Dattia, Ajaigarh, 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 215 
 
 Charkhari, Jaso, and most of the States of Bundelkhand. The founder of 
 Jigni was the Rao Padam Singh, one of the sons of the great Maharaja 
 ChhatarsaL His great-grandson was the Rao Prithi Singh, who received a 
 sanad from the British Government in 18 10. His grandson by adoption 
 (being adopted from the kindred ruling family of Panna) is the present Rao, 
 who received the additional title of Bahadur at the Imperial Assemblage of 
 Delhi, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India. The area of the State is 22 square miles : its population 
 is 3427, chiefly Hindus. The Rao Bahadur maintains a military force of 47 
 infantry and 3 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Jigni, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 JIND, HIS HIGHNESS PARZAND-I-DILBAND RASIKH-UL- 
 ITIKAD DAULAT-I-INGLISHIA RAJA-I-RAJAGAN RAJA 
 RANBHIR SINGH BAHADUR, Rdjd Bahddur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 187S ; succeeded to \\\q gadi as a minor 7th]March 18S7. Belongs 
 to the famous Phulkian family of Sidhu Jats, descended from Phul, the 
 common ancestor of the ruling families of Patiala, Jind, Nabha, and other 
 Punjab States. Phul was twenty-ninth in descent from the Rawal Jaisal 
 Singh, the head of the Jadu Bhati Rajputs, who founded Jaisalmir in 
 1 1 56 A.D. A great-grandson of Phul, named Gaj pat Singh, obtained the title 
 of Raja of Jind from Shah Alam, Emperor of Delhi in 1772. His son. 
 Raja Bhag Singh, aided Lord Lake in his pursuit of Holkar in 1805, and 
 was accordingly confirmed by the British Government in his possessions. In 
 1857 Raja Sarup Singh of Jind was the first to march against the mutineers 
 of Delhi ; and he and his troops took a prominent part in the siege and 
 capture of the city, for which services he received large extensions of his ter- 
 ritory. He died in 1S64, and was succeeded by his son, the Raja Ragbir 
 Singh, who was created a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted 
 Order of the Star of India; and at the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi, ist 
 January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty as Empress of India, he was appointed a Councillor of the Empress. 
 The present Raja succeeded in 1SS7. The area of his State is 1259 square 
 miles; and its population is 249,862, chiefly Hindus, but including 34,247 
 Muhammadans and 4335 Sikhs. His Highness maintains a military force 
 of 379 cavalry, 1571 infantry, and 12 guns; and is entitled to a salute of 1 1 
 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Jind, Punjab. 
 
 JIND WADO 7imlad AMIR ALI KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
2i6 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 JIT SINGH (of Maheru), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Jat family, descended from Sardar 
 Ramdas Singh and Sardar Gurdds Singh, two brothers, who took possession 
 of Maheru at the time of the decline of the Mughal Power. In 1799 A.D., 
 when the Mahdrdja Ranjit Singh became all-powerful in the Punjab, Sarddr 
 Charat Singh of Maheru made his submission to him, and retained his pos- 
 sessions. His son, Sardar Jawahir Singh, succeeded, and was confirmed in 
 eleven villages. But on his death, and the succession of Sarddr Jaimal 
 Singh, these were resumed with the exception of Maheru. The Sarddr 
 Jaimal Singh did good service in the time of the Mutiny in 1857, and on his 
 death was succeeded by the present Sarddr. 
 
 licsidcnci:. — Maheru, Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 JIWAN SINGH, CLE. (of Buruja), Sanidr. 
 
 Born 1842. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Jat family, descended 
 from Sardar Ndnu Singh, who came from Jhawdl Mandan, in the Manjha or 
 central tract of the Punjab, in 1759 a.d., and took possession of Buruja and 
 the surrounding territory. The present Sarddr did good service, both in the 
 war of 1S45-46, when he was a minor, and also in the Mutiny of 1S57. For 
 the latter he received a considerable reward. He has a son and heir, named 
 Gajindar Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Amb.ila, Punjab. 
 
 JIWAN SINGH, C.S.I, (of ShAhzddpur), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1 860. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Jat (Sindhu) family, 
 descended from Sarddr Dip Singh, who was the Mahant of the " Damdama 
 Saheb" or resting-place, which was the retreat of the Guru Govind Singh, the 
 tenth and last Sikh Guru, after his defeat by the Imperial army of Delhi. A 
 large number of Sikhs assembled around Dip Singh, who was ultimately slain 
 in a battle with the Governor of Lahore. Dip Singh was succeeded by 
 Sudha Singh, who fell in a battle with the Governor of Jdlandhar, and has 
 always been known among Sikhs as "Shahid," or the ^fartyr, which became 
 a family name. His successor was Sarddr Karam Singh, who took possession 
 of some territory in the Singhpura district, which, with the other Cis-Sutlej 
 territories, came under British control in 1 808-9. Sarddr Sheo Kirpdl Singh, 
 Shahid, did good service in the time of the Mutiny of 1857, and was re- 
 warded by Government ; and his son is the present Sarddr, who was created 
 a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India on ist January 
 1891. 
 
 Residence. — Shdhzddpur, Ambdia, Punjab. 
 
 JIWAN SINGH (of Atari), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1835. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Sidhu Jat (Rdjput) 
 family, descended from Kanh Chand. His great-grandson was the famous 
 Sarddr Shdm Singh, whose daughter was betrothed to the Prince Nau Nihdl 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 217 
 
 Singh, grandson of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh. When the Sikh army in- 
 vaded the Cis-Sutlej territory-, Sardar Sham Singh disapproved of the war, but 
 being reproached with his inaction he joined the camp, and fell in battle in 
 1846. His sons were Sardar Thakur Singh and Sardar Kanh Singh, and 
 after the annexation much of the family estate was confirmed to the latter. 
 He died without issue in 1872, and his estates were allowed to devolve on 
 Sardar Ajit Singh, son of Sardar Thakur Singh, and a younger brother of the 
 Sardar Jiwan Singh. The latter is the eldest son of the late Sardar Thakur 
 Singh. He has two sons, named Partab Singh and Changa Singh. 
 Residence. — Atari, Amritsar, Punjab. 
 
 JIWAN SINGH, THAKUR (of Jakhnoda), Rao Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Alirdjpur, Central India. 
 
 JOBAT, RANA SARUP SINGH, Rand of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1866; succeeded to the gadi in 1874 as a minor. Belongs to the 
 Rahtor tribe of Rajputs (Hindu) ; occupies a fort picturesquely situated on 
 the summit of a steep rocky hill, shut in on three sides by forest-clad moun- 
 tains, and overlooking the town of Jobat. The area of the State is 132 
 square miles; its population 9387, chiefly Hindus, but including 3916 
 belonging to Bhil and other aboriginal tribes. The Rana maintains a mili- 
 tary force of 5 cavalry and 44 infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Jobat, Bhopawar, Central India. 
 
 JODH SINGH (of Chapa), Sardar. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Amritsar, Punjab. 
 
 JODHA SINHA (of Kakhauta), Rao. 
 
 Bom 1838. The title is hereditary. The Rao belongs to an old Sengar 
 family, who settled in Pargand Auraiya in Etawah. He has a son and heir, 
 named Lala Guman Singh, born 27th February 1870. 
 
 Residence. — Kakhauta, Etdwah, North-Western Provinces. 
 
2l8 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 JODHPUR, HIS HIGHNESS SIR JASWANT SINGH 
 BAHADUR, G.C.S.I., Mahdrdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1837; succeeded to \}i\t gadi 13th Februar)' 1873. Is the Chief 
 of the great Rdhtor tribe or clan of the Rajputs, claiming direct descent 
 
 from the legendary hero Rama, and, like 
 the Sesodias of Udaipur and the Kachhwahas 
 of Jaipur, representing the royal line of the 
 Sur)a Vansa or Solar race. His full titles 
 are — His Highness Rdj Rajeshwar Mahardj- 
 Adhiraj Sir Jaswant Singh, Bahddur, Knight 
 Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order 
 of the Star of India. The proper name of 
 the State, the capital of which is Jodhpur 
 (from the name of its founder), is Mdnvar 
 — anciently Marusthdn, "the land of death," 
 a term applied formerly not only to the 
 country of Marwdr, but to the whole of the 
 Great Indian Desert from the Sutlej to the 
 Indian Ocean. Tod, in his learned Annals 
 of Kdjdst/hiri, says of the family of the 
 Jodhpur Maharaja — " It requires neither Bhat nor Bard to illustrate its 
 nobility ; a series of splendid deeds which time cannot obliterate has 
 emblazoned the Rdhtor name on the historical tablet. Where all these 
 races have gained a place in the Temple of Fame it is almost invidious 
 to select, but truth compels me to place the Rdhtor with the Chauhdn 
 on the very pinnacle." In Tod's work the Annals of J/dru'dr occupy a 
 place only second to those of Mewar (or Udaipur), and present a most in- 
 teresting view of feudalism in India. Even to the present day the feudal 
 Thdkurs of Rdjputana — feudatories of their Highnesses the Mahdrdna of 
 Udaipur, the Mahdrdjds of Jodhpur and Jaipur, and the other Princes of this 
 territory — are nobles of high account and great local power. Up to 
 1 194 A.D. the Rdhtor family were rulers of the vast Empire of Kanauj. The 
 famous Jai Chand was the last King of Kanauj, and his grandson, Sivaji, 
 migrated westward to Marwdr. Scions of the family became rulers of Bikanir 
 and Kishangarh in Rajputdna, of Idar and Ahmadnagar in Gujardt, and else- 
 where. Mandor, the ancient capital of Mdrwdr, was conquered by Rao 
 Chdnda, who was tenth in descent from Sivaji, about the year 1382 .\.D. 
 His grandson Jodh, the eldest of twenty-four sons of Rinmal, moved the 
 capital from Mandor to Jodhjjur in 1459 .\.r). After resisting the Emperor 
 Bdbar and tlie .Afghan Sher Shdh, Jodh ultimately had to submit to the 
 Great Mughal, Akbar, and sent his son Udai Singh to take service at Delhi ; 
 and ultimately Udai Singh's sister, the famous Jodh Bdi, became the consort 
 of the Mughal monarch. When Udai Singh's son, Rdjd Sur Singh, succeeded 
 to the j,'at/i of Jodhpur, he rose to high favour with his Imperial uncle, and 
 was the general of Akbar's troops who added Gujarat and the Hcccan to the 
 Mughal Empire. His son, Rdjd Jaswant Singh, was the general whom the 
 Emperor Shdh Jahdn sent against his rebellious son Aurangzeb, and was 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 219 
 
 defeated by the latter. The successor of Jaswant Singh was a posthumous 
 son, the famous Ajit Singh. In his time Aurangzeb in person attacked 
 Rajputana, sacked Jodhpur, and ordered the conversion of the Rajputs to 
 Muhammadanisni. But Ajit Singh formed a league with Udaipur and 
 Jaipur, and the combined forces of the three great Rajput States held in 
 check the armies of Aurangzeb. One stipulation of this league is famous, 
 and was disastrous to Jodhpur and Jaipur by reason of the domestic feuds it 
 caused. It was to the effect that the Jodhpur and Jaipur families, who had 
 lost the privilege of marrj'ing Princesses of Udaipur because they had given 
 their own daughters to the Mughal Emperors, should recover this privilege, 
 on condition that the issue of any marriage with an Udaipur Princess should 
 succeed to the Raj before all other children. Ajit Singh was murdered by 
 his son Bakht Singh, and heavy troubles thereafter befell the Rahtor family. 
 There was a long war between the Rajas of Jaipur and Jodhpur, who were 
 rival suitors for the hand of a Princess of Udai])ur. Amir Khan, the great 
 Pindari leader (afterwards Nawab of Tonk), took sides, first with Jaipur, then 
 with Jodhpur, and plundered and utterly exhausted both States in turn. At 
 last the British Government intervened, and by a treaty in 1818 Jodhpur 
 became a feudatory of the Paramount Power. Raja Man Singh died in 
 1843, leaving no son, and the nobles and Court officials, with the consent of 
 the British Government, elected Takht Singh, Raja of Ahmadnagar, a 
 descendant of Ajit Singh, to the vacant gadi. The Raja Takht Singh did 
 good service during the Mutiny of 1857. He died in 1873, and was suc- 
 ceeded by the present Maharaja. His Highness has been created a Grand 
 Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. The area of 
 his State is 37,000 square miles ; its population is 1,750,403, chiefly Hindus, 
 but including about 155,000 Muhammadans and about 172,000 Jains. In 
 point of extent the Jodhpur State is larger than any of the smaller European 
 States, and is somewhat larger than Bavaria and Saxony combined ; in popu- 
 lation it surpasses the Grand Duchy of Baden. The Maharaja maintains a 
 military force of 3162 cavalry, 3653 infantry, and 121 guns; and is entitled 
 to a salute of 2 1 guns (including 4 guns personal). The family cognisance 
 is the falcon, the sacred garitr of the Solar Rajputs. The arms of His 
 Highness, as displayed on the banner presented to him by the Empress of 
 India at the Imperial Assemblage of Delhi in January 1877, on the occasion 
 of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress, are shown 
 in the margin. 
 
 Residence. — Jodhpur, Rijput:lna. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 JOGESH CHANDRA CHATTARJI (of Anuliya, R&n&gh&t), 
 
 Jiai Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign. 
 
 Residence. — Assam. 
 
 JOGINDRA NATH RAI (of N^tor), Kumdr. 
 
 The title is personal. The Kumar is the son of the late Raja Anan- 
 danath Rai Bahadur, C.S.I. 
 
 Residence. — Rdjshdhi, Bengal 
 
 JOTINDRA MOHAN TAGOR, SIR, K.C.S.I., Mahdrdjd Bahddur. 
 
 Sec Tagore. 
 
 JUBBAL, RANA PADAM CHAND, Rdnd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1861 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 17th March 1S77. 
 Belongs to a Rahtor Rajput family {sec Jodhpur), claiming descent from the 
 ruling family of Sirmur, which preceded the present dynasty. Originally 
 tributar)' to Sirmur, this State (which is one of the Simla Hill States) was 
 freed by the British after the conclusion of the Gurkha war, and the Rana, 
 Puran Singh, received a sanad from Lord Lake in 18 15. After great vicissi- 
 tudes of fortune, Puran Singh (who had given up his Stale to the British 
 Government) died in 1849, ^"d it was then resolved to restore the State to 
 his son, Rdna Kami Chand. The latter died in 1877, and was succeeded 
 by his son, the present Rana. The area of the State is 257 square miles; 
 its population is 19,196, chiefly Hindus. The Rana maintains a military 
 force of 50 infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Jubbal, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 JUMKHA, BECHARBHA BARYAL, Chief of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S36. Belongs to an aboriginal tribe. 
 Residence. — Jumkha, Rcwd Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 JUMMOO AND CASHMERE, 
 His Highness the Mahdrdjd Bahddur of. See Jammu and Kashmir. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 JUNAGARH, HIS HIGHNESS SIR BAHADUR KHANJI 
 MUHABAT KHANJI, G.C.I.E., Naivdb of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1856 ; succeeded to the gadi 29th September 1882. Belongs to a 
 Babi Pathan (Muhammadan) family. Is ninth in succession from Sher Khan 
 Babi, the founder of the State, who about the year 1735 expelled the Mughal 
 Governor and established his own power. The late Nawab, Sir Muhabat 
 Khanji, was created Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the 
 Star of India in 1S71. He died in 1882, and was succeeded by his son, 
 the present Nawab, who was invested with the insignia of a Knight Grand 
 Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire on 20th 
 November 1890. The area of the State is 3279 square miles; and its 
 population is 387,499, chiefly Hindus, but including 76,401 Muhammadans. 
 His Highness maintains a military force of 251 cavalry, 1972 infantry, and 
 66 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 1 1 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Jundgarh, KSthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 JWALA PERSHAD, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 7th January 1876. 
 Residence. — Ujjain, Central India. 
 
 JWALA SINGH (of JharauU), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1846. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Sindhu Jat (Rajput) 
 family, descended from Dip Singh, the Mahant of the " Damdama Saheb," 
 or resting-place of the Guru Govind Singh {see Jiwan Singh, Shahid, Sardar). 
 His successor, Sudha Singh, falling in battle with the Governor of Jdlandhar, 
 the family have since been known by the name of Shahid ("Martyr"). 
 Sardar Jwala Singh, son of Sardar Jit Singh of Jharauh, is the present head 
 of the Jharauli Shahids. He has two sons — Devindar Singh and Mohindar 
 Singh. 
 
 Residence.— ]\is.ra.u\\, Ambala, Punjab. 
 
 JWALA SINGH (of Wazirabad), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1822. The title is hereditary. The Sardar is the youngest son ol 
 the Sardar Ganda Singh, who was in attendance on the Maharaja Sher Singh 
 when that prince was assassinated, and was severely wounded in the 
 endeavour to defend him. Sardar Ganda Singh was killed at the battle of 
 Firuzshahr. Sardar Jwala Singh is an Honorary Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Gujrdnwila, Punjab. 
 
 JYOTI PRASAD GARGA (of Maisadal), Raja. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890, for his 
 " liberality and public spirit." The Raja is the present representative of 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 the Maisadal family. Their title of Raja is said to have been conferred by 
 the old Nawabs of Bengal. The first Raja was the Raja Janardhan Upad- 
 hyaya. Two ladies of this family at different periods — the Rani Janaki Devi 
 and the Rani Mathurd Devi — have been in charge of the Raj. The late 
 Raja, Lakshman Prasad Garga of Maisadal, is recorded to have rendered 
 good service during the Orissa famine of 1866. 
 Residence. — Maisadal, Midnapur, Bengal. 
 
 KABIL SHAH, SAYYID, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Thar and Parkar, Sind. 
 
 KACHI BARODA, THAKUR DALEL SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1839; succeeded to the gadi 1864. The State is tributary to 
 Dhar, to which it is adjacent, and contains a population of about 3000. 
 Residence. — Kachi Baroda, Bhopdwar, Central India. 
 
 KADATTANAD, MANA VARMA RAJA, Valiya Rdjd of. 
 
 Born 1820. The title is hereditary, the present Raja being the twenty- 
 sixth in descent. Belongs to a Samanda family, which originally held the 
 rule over a district named Vatakumpuram. One of his ancestors was driven 
 out of Vatakumpuram by the Zamorin of Calicut, and thenceforward the 
 family ruled a district on the Malabar coast, extending originally from Mahe 
 to Badagara, where the R.ija now lives. This territory is said to have 
 been granted by the Cherakal Raja of Kolathiri. In 1766 Haidar Ali of 
 Mysore invaded the country, and the Raja took refuge with the East India 
 Company's officers in Tellicheri ; and again, when the Sultan Tippu invaded 
 the country, the R;ijd and his family took refuge with the Maharaja of 
 Travancore. In 1792 the Raja entered into an agreement with the British 
 Government to receive an annuity as compensation for the estates of his 
 ancestors. Like the other Malabar Rajas, the family follows the Marumak- 
 katayam law of inheritance, by which the succession is with the offspring of 
 its female members, the next eldest male to the Raja being always his heir. 
 The late Rajd Udaya V'arma was born in 181 1, and succeeded to the title on 
 23rd June 1858. He died recently, and was succeeded by his heir under 
 the Miirumakkatayam law, the present Raja. 
 
 Residence. — Badagara, Malabar District, Madras. 
 
 KADIR BAKHSH, MUNSHI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign. 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 223 
 
 KADIR HUSAIN, Khdn. 
 
 The title is personal, and was originally conferred by the Nawab of the 
 Carnatic, and recognised in 189T. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 KADIR HUSAIN, Khdn Bahadur Ausif Jang Itimad-ud-dauld. 
 
 The titles are personal, and were conferred originally by the Nawab of 
 the Carnatic, and recognised on i6th December 1890. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 KADIR MOHI-UD-DIN, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, it was conferred originally by the Nawab of the 
 Carnatic, and recognised on 1 6th December 1 890. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 KADIRDAD KHAN GUL KHAN, CLE., Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The Khan Bahadur is a Deputy Collector in Sind ; and for his services to 
 the State was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire on 25th May 1892. 
 
 Residence. — Sind. 
 
 KAHLUR, HIS HIGHNESS RAJA BUB CHAND, Rdjd of. 
 
 A RuHng Chief. 
 
 Born 1872 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 3rd February 1889. 
 Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family, claiming descent from Argok, a Raja 
 whose territory was situated in the Deccan. Harihar Chand, a descendant 
 of Argok in the fourteenth generation, came on a pilgrimage to Jwalamukhi, 
 a sacred place in the Kangra district of the Punjab ; he saw Jhandbhari, in 
 the Hoshiarpur district, and, attracted by the place, conquered it and settled 
 down there. One of Harihar Chand's sons conquered and took possession 
 of the Chamba State {qv.); another carved out a principality for himself in 
 Kanidon ; while a third son, Bir Chand, founded the State of Kahlur or 
 Bilaspur. From 1803 to 18 15 the State was overrun by the Gurkhas, and 
 after their expulsion it was confirmed to the then Raja by a sanad from the 
 British Government, dated 6th March 181 5. The Raja Hira Singh, pre- 
 decessor of the present Raja, rendered good service during the Mutiny of 
 1857, and was rewarded with a salute of 1 1 guns. The area of the State 
 (which is one of the Simla Hill States) is 448 square miles ; its population is 
 86,546, chiefly Hindus. The Raja maintains a military force of 40 cavalry, 
 620 infantry, and 11 guns, and is entitled to a salute. of 11 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Kahlur, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
224 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 KAHN. Si-e Kanh. 
 
 KAILASH CHANDAR MUKHARJI, /?ai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1887, for "long 
 and meritorious service in the Bengal Secretariat." 
 Residence. — 20 Durjipara Street, Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 KAISAR MIRZA, Nawdb Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, the Nawab Bahadur being the grandson of a 
 daughter of the late Muhammad Ali Shah, King of Oudh. He is the son of 
 the Nawab Abul Hasan Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 KAKARKHERI (BHOPAL), Thdkur of. See Dhabla Dhir. 
 
 KAKKU MAL, Hat Bahddur. 
 
 Born 28th February 1849. '^ he title is personal, and was conferred on 
 16th February 1SS7, on the occasion of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign. 
 Belongs to a family that migrated from the Punjab in 1751, and settled at 
 Ajudhya. His father was Treasurer under the Kings of Oudh, and was 
 subsequently appointed Peshkar by the Briti.sh Government. He has rendered 
 loyal and meritorious service as Chairmgin of the Fyzabad Municipal Board. 
 
 Residence. — Fyzabad, Oudh. 
 
 KALAHANDI, Rdjd of. See Karond. 
 
 KALAHASTI, KUMARA MADDU VENKATAPPA, Hdjd oj. 
 
 Born 1850; succeeded recently to the gadi on the death of his father, 
 the Raja Damarakumara Maddu Vcnkatap])a Nayudu Bahadur Garu, C.S.I. 
 Belongs to an ancient family, that acquired importance in the isth century 
 under the Government of the Rajas of Vijayanagar, and increased in con- 
 sequence of the decline of that dynasty. Under the Muhammadan Govern- 
 ment the head of the family held the position of a Mansabddr of 5000 
 foot ; and a stuntd granted by the Emi)cror Aurangzeb of Delhi made the 
 family directly subordinate to the Nawab of Arcot An ancestor of the 
 Raja was the local Naik who procured for the English from the Raja of 
 Chandragiri the privilege of settling at Madras and of building a fort there ; 
 and his father's name being Chcnappa, he stipulated that the place should be 
 called Chcnappa-patnam. The late Raja received the Companionship of the 
 Most Exalted Order of the Star of India from His Royal Highness the Prince 
 of Wales, at the Darbar held at Calcutta on ist January 1S76. The family 
 banner is the " Hanumadwajam," or flag bearing the device of Hanuman 
 (the sacred monkey) in five colours. The Raja owns large estates in Nellore 
 and North Arcot districts, Madras. 
 
 Residence. — K.llahasti, Nellore, Madras. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 225 
 
 KALAT, HIS HIGHNESS BBGLAR BBGI MIR SIR MUHAM- 
 MAD KHODADAD KHAN, G.G.S.I., Wall of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1838; succeeded to xkiz gadi in 1857. The title of Beglar Begi 
 was conferred on one of His Highness's ancestors, named Nasir Khan, by 
 the great Persian invader Nadir Shah in 1739. Nasir Khan subsequently 
 was embroiled in wars with the King of Kabul, Ahmad Shah Abdali, and 
 later on became a trusted leader of that monarch's troops. Nasir Khan 
 died in extreme old age in 1795, and was succeeded by his son Mdhmud 
 Khan. In 1839, at the time of the first Afghan war, Mehrab Khan was 
 the Wali of Kalat and ruler of Baluchistan ; on account of his supposed 
 treachery (which was afterwards discovered to have been falsely attributed to 
 him by his IVazir), the town and fort of Kalat were stormed by General 
 Willshire, and the unfortunate Mehrab Khan was among the slain. In 1841, 
 however, his son Nasir Khiin was reinstated by the British, whose army 
 thereon evacuated the country; and in 1854 a treaty was ' concluded, 
 stipulating for the protection of the State by the British Power. Nasir Khan 
 died in 1856, and was succeeded by his brother, the present Wali. His 
 Highness had an interview with the Viceroy of India (Lord Lytton) in 1876 
 at Jacobabad, when the treaty of 1854 was renewed and extended; and, 
 with his great vassals, he attended the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi in 1877, 
 on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Majesty as Empress of India, 
 and was created a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of 
 the Star of India. Throughout the Afghan war of 1878-79 the Wali 
 rendered the most valuable aid to the Government — placing all the resources 
 of his country at its disposal, and sending his son and heir-apparent to 
 accompany the General in command of the army passing through his 
 territory. The area of the State is about 91,000 square miles; its popula- 
 tion is about 150,000, chiefly Muhammadans. His Highness maintains a 
 military force of 300 cavalry, 1500 infantry, and 6 guns; and is entitled to a 
 salute of 2 1 guns (including 2 guns personal). 
 
 Residence. — Kaldt, Baluchistan. 
 
 KALB ALI KHAN, MIRZA, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born 22nd June 1828. The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th 
 May 1889, for his " distinguished loyalty in the Mutiny and his good services." 
 The Khan Bahadur was formerly Sub-Judge of Unao, and has had a long and 
 distinguished service in the Judicial Department. 
 
 Residetice. — Unao, Gudh. 
 
 KALB KHAN, MAJOR, Khdn Bahadur. 
 Governor of Gilgit. Granted the title of Khan Bahadur, as a personal 
 distinction, 2nd January 1893. 
 Residence. — Gilgit, Kashmir. 
 
 KALI BAORI, BHUMIA SHER SINGH, Bhumia of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born 1859; succeeded to the ^arfi' in 1874. The Bhumia receives 
 allowances both from Dhar and from Gwalior, on condition of preserving 
 
 Q 
 
226 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 order in certain territory. The State contains about 1700 inhabitants, 
 chiefly Hindus. The Chief belongs to a Bhilala family. 
 Residence. — Kill Bdori, BhopAwar, Central India. 
 
 KALI KISHAN GHOSH, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 1888, in recognition 
 of highly meritorious service in the Army Medical Department, in which the 
 Rai Bahadur has been an Assistant-Surgeon. 
 
 Residence. — Ndgpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 KALI KUMAR DE, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Granted the title of Rai Bahadur, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 
 1 893, for eminent services in the Currency Department. 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 KALI PADA MUKHARJI, Rai Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. 
 Residence. — Orissa, Bengal. 
 
 KALIKA DAS DATT, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Bom 3rd July 1841 ; son of the late Rai Golak Nath Datt. Educated 
 at the Krishnagar and Presidency Colleges of the Calcutta University (B.A., 
 i860; B.L., 1861). Appointed to the Judicial Service in 1 861, and became 
 Diwan of the State of Kuch Behar in August 1869. AVas formally invested 
 with insignia of office in 1870, and became Member of the Kuch Behar State 
 Council. Has rendered long and meritorious sen'ice as Minister of the Kuch 
 Behar State, and in recognition thereof was granted the title of Rai Bahadur 
 on ist January 1891. Has three sons — (i) Charu Chandra Datt, born i6th 
 June 1876 ; (2) Atal Chandra Datt, bom 5th June 1878 ; (3) Nirmal Chandra 
 Datt, bom 23rd January 1881. 
 
 Residences. — The Dew.^nkhdna, Kuch Behar, Bengal; Mcral, Burdwan, 
 Bengal ; and 4 Gang^dhar Babu's Lane, Calcutta. 
 
 KALIYAN SINGH (of Jhawaro) Rao. 
 
 Born 1 863. The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred by 
 the old Mahratta Government of Deori, and subsequently recognised by the 
 British Government. 
 
 Residence. — Jhawaro, S.-igar, Central Provinces. 
 
 KALIYAN SINGH, THAKUR, Rao Sa/ieb. 
 
 The title of Rao Saheb is personal, and was conferred on ist January 
 1877. 
 
 Residence. — Junian, Ajniir. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 227 
 
 KALIYANA SUNDARAM CHETTIYAR, Hao Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1837. The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June i 
 Was appointed a Deputy-Collector in 1878. 
 Residence. — Cuddalore, Madras. 
 
 KALSIA, SARDAR RANJIT SINGH, Sarddr of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1881 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 2Sth August 1886. 
 Belongs to a Jat (Sikh) family, originally of Kalsia in the Lahore district, 
 whose founder, Sarddr Gurbakhsh Singh, conquered this territory in the last 
 century. His son, Jodh Singh, was a brave and able man, who made con- 
 siderable conquests in the neighbourhood of Ambala towards the close of the 
 century. When the Cis-Sutlej States came under British protection, Sardar 
 Jodh Singh followed the general example. His grandson, Sardar Lahna 
 Singh, was the grandfather of the present Sardar. The area of the State is 
 169 square miles; its population is 67,708, chiefly Hindus, but including 
 19,930 Muhanimadans and 5923 Sikhs. The Sardar maintains a military 
 force of 48 cavalry, 181 infantry, and 3 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Kalsia, Punjab. 
 
 KALU KHAN (of KulAchi), Khan Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred on nth March 1859. The Khan Bahadur 
 belongs to the family of the Chief of the Gandapur clan of the Kulachi 
 country in the Dera Ismail Khan district of the Punjab, and belongs to the 
 Bira Khel (.Afghan) tribe. In the Multan campaign of 1848-49 Kalu Khan 
 and his father Ali Khan raised a force of several hundred men of the Bira 
 Khel tribe of Afghans, and rendered excellent service throughout the second 
 Sikh war, for which Kalu Khan received a large pension from Government. 
 When the Mutiny of 1857 broke out, he immediately raised a force of 200 
 horse and 400 foot, and leaving 200 foot with the Deputy-Commissioner of 
 Dera Ismail Khan for the posts on the Sulaimani border, he joined Sir 
 Herbert Edwardes with the remaining 200 horse and 200 foot at Peshawar, 
 where he served throughout the crisis with distinguished loyalty. For this 
 he received a valuable khilat, a perpetual Jdgir, and the title of Khan 
 Bahadur. 
 
 Residence. — Dera Ismail Khdn, Punjab. 
 
 KALU KHERA, RAO UMED SINGH, Rao of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1830 ; succeeded to the gadi 1843. The Rao belongs to a Rajput 
 family, and his title is hereditary. The State contains a population of about 
 1000. 
 
 Residence. — Kalu Khera, Western Mdlvvd, Central India. 
 
228 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 KIAMADHIA, MIR ZULFIKAR ALI, Tdlukddr of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Belongs to a Muhammadan family in the Gohelwar Print, Kathiawar. 
 The area of the State is 4 square miles; its population about 772, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Kamadhia, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 KAMALPUE, THAKUR MADAN SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1850; succeeded to the gadi nth October 1S81. Receives an 
 allowance, in lieu of land rights, from Gwalior. Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) 
 family. 
 
 Residence. — Kamalpur, Bhopdl, Central India. 
 
 KAMATA PATI GHOSAL, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1S89, for dis- 
 tinguished sen-ice in the Bengal Police. 
 
 Residence. — Naih;lti, Bengal. 
 
 KAMBAKHSH HASAN MIRZA BAHADUR, Prince. 
 The Prince is the tenth son of the late ^^'ajid Ali Shah, King of Oudh, 
 and bears the title of Prince as a personal or courtesy title. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 KAMR KADR MIRZA, See Abid Ali Bahadur. 
 
 KAMRAN SHAH, Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1 840. The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred by 
 the ancient (jond Rajds of Deogarh and Nagpur, and subsequently recognised 
 by the British Government. Belongs to a family of Gond (aboriginal) origin, 
 that is, a younger branch of the family of R;ij;i Sulaiman Siiah of Deogarh 
 and Nagpur. The family became Muhammadan about 200 years ago. In 
 1S60 the British Government confirmed his jdgirs in perpetuity to Raja 
 Kamran Shah, in consideration both of his own loyal ser\ices during the 
 Mutiny, and of his father's good ser\ices previously rendered. The Raj;i is 
 an Honorary Magistrate, and Member of the local Municipal and School 
 Committees. He has two sons, named Kuar Omri Shah and Kuar Sultan 
 Shah. 
 
 Residence. — Ramangan, Hoshangabad, Central Provinces. 
 
 KAMR-UD-DIN, FAKIR, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 s personal, and w 
 2 Jubilee of Her 
 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1S87, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 229 
 
 KAMTA RAJAULA, RAO BHARAT PARSHAD, Jdgirddr of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born i8th July 1847; succeeded to the gadi 23rd October 1874. 
 Belongs to a Kayastha (Hindu) family, descended from Sardar Ajudhya 
 Parshad, an agent of the State of Charkhari (</.£'.), who became an agent of the 
 Kalinjar Chaubes, and obtained from them the jdgir of Kamta. His son, 
 Rao Gopal Lai, received a sanad from the British Government, and, dying in 
 1874, was succeeded by the present Jagirdar. The area of the State is 4 
 square miles ; its population is about 1500, chiefly Hindus. The Jagirdar 
 maintains a military force of 15 infantry and i gun. He has sons, of whom 
 the eldest is named Bhaya Ram Parshad. 
 
 Residence. — Kamta Rajaula, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 KANGSBU, Alyoza of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 This Chief rules over one of the Shan States, on the frontiers of Burma. 
 Residence. — Kangseu, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 KANH CHAND, Jiai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 1S88. 
 Residence. — Kdngra, Punjab. 
 
 KANHAI LAL DB, C.I.E., Rai Bahadur. 
 
 . Born 24th September 1831. The title of Rai Bahadur is personal, and 
 was conferred on 6tli June 1872, for distinguished medical services. The 
 Rai Bahadur is a son of the late Radha Nath De, Rai Bahadur, and the 
 name is very commonly spelt " Kanny Lall Dey." He was educated at the 
 Medical College of Bengal, where he graduated with distinction in 1854, and 
 in the same year was appointed to a Professorship of Chemistry in the Cal- 
 cutta Medical College, and a Chemical Examiner to Government. In 1862 
 he was appointed Professor of Chemistry in the Presidency College of the 
 University of Calcutta, and from that time his honours — professional, scien- 
 tific, and other — have been exceedingly numerous. He was appointed suc- 
 cessively Member British Medical Association, 1863; Honorary Member, 
 Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 1863; additional Chemical Ex- 
 aminer to Government, 1867-72 ; teacher of Chemistry and Medical Juris- 
 prudence to the Vernacular Classes, Calcutta Medical College, 1S69-84; 
 Fellow of the University of Calcutta, 1870; Member Faculty of Medicine, 
 University of Calcutta, 1871; Rai Bahadur, 1S72 ; Justice of the Peace, 
 1872; Member Committee of the Economic Museum, 1874; Professor of 
 Chemistry and Government Chemical Examiner, Calcutta Medical College, 
 1877-78; Municipal Commissioner, 1877-85; Member Central Committee 
 for the Selection of the Vernacular Text-Books, 1887 ; Certificate of Honour 
 in recognition of services to the State on the occasion of Her Majesty's 
 assumption of the Imperial title, 1877 ; Examiner in Medical Jurisprudence, 
 
230 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 1878; Fellow Chemical Society, London (F.C.S.), 1880; Vice-President of 
 the Calcutta Medical Society, 1881 ; Presidency Magistrate for Calcutta, 
 1881 ; Member of Committee and Juror at the Calcutta Exhibition of Indian 
 Art Manufactures, 1881-82 ; Juror at the Jaipur Exhibition, 1883, also Cal- 
 cutta International Exhibition, 1883-84; created a Companion of the Most 
 Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, 1884; appointed Member of the 
 Syndicate, Calcutta University, 1886; Member District Charitable Society, 
 Calcutta, 1886; Honorar)' Fellow College of Physicians, Philadelphia, 1886. 
 The Rai Bahadur is the author of treatises on chemistr\-, physics, and 
 medical jurisprudence in Bengali. He has helped to develop the drug 
 resources of India, and written an elaborate descriptive catalogue of same. 
 He represented India at the International Exhibition, London, 1862 ; Uni- 
 versal Exposition of Paris, 1867 and 1878; Vienna Universal Exhibition, 
 1872; Melbourne Exhibition, 1880; Amsterdam Exhibition, 1883; World's 
 Industrial Cotton Centennial Exposition, New Orleans, U.S.A., 1884-85 ; 
 and Colonial and Indian Exhibition, 1886, for which received certificates 
 and medals, also thanks of the Government The Rai Bahadur has a 
 son, named Priyalal De (the name is very frequently spelt Preo Lall Dey), 
 born 24th July 1855 ; a Fellow of the Chemical Society of London (F.C.S. ), 
 1886 ; Presidency ALigistrate for Calcutta, 1890. 
 
 Resiliences. — 1 1 Beadon Street and 62 Aheritola Street, Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 KANHAI LAL JHA, PANDIT, Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 The title is a personal one, and was conferred on ist January 1890 for 
 eminence in Oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in Darbar imme- 
 diately after titular Rajas. 
 
 Residence. — Darbhanga, Bengal. 
 
 KANHAYA LAL, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 30th March 1876. 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 KANHAYA LAL, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1S90. 
 Residence. — Amritsar, Punjab. 
 
 RANKER, MAHARAJ-ADHIRAJ NARHAR DEO, Maluirdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 13th May 1850; succeeded to the ,c(7<// as a minor 5th December 
 1853. Belongs to a very ancient Rajput family, whose ancestors, according 
 to tradition, were raised to the gaJi by a popular vote in ver)- early times. 
 During the dominion of the Haihai \'ansi dynasty in Chhattisgarh the 
 Kankcr Zaminddrs were rich and prosperous. The area of the State is 639 
 square miles; its population is 63,610, chiclly Gonds (aboriginal tribe). 
 
 Residence. — Kanker, Raipur, Central Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 231 
 
 KANNAYYA CHETTI, K.V., Rao Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1 85 7. The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 1S88 
 for eminent services to the State. Was elected a member of the Madras 
 Municipal Commission in 1885. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 KANNY LALL DEY, C.I.E., Rai Bahadur. Sec Kanhai Lai De. 
 
 KANTARAWADI, SAWLAWI, Myoza of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Myoza is the chief of one of the Karen States in Eastern Karenni, 
 Burma. The population consists chiefly of Karens. 
 
 Residence. — Kantarawadi, Eastern Karenni, Burma. 
 
 KAJSTTI CHANDAR MUKHARJI, CLE., Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. The 
 Rai Bahadur was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the 
 Indian Empire on ist Januarj' 1891, for distinguished services as Diwan or 
 Prime Minister of the State of Jaipur in Rajputana. 
 
 Residence. — Jaipur, Rdjput^na. 
 
 KANTIGYI, Chief of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 This Chief rules over one of the Shan States on the frontier of Burma. 
 Its population consists almost entirely of Shans. 
 Residence. — Kantigyi, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 KANTIT, RAJA BHUP INDRA BAHADUR SINGH, Rdjd of 
 
 Born 1863; as a minor succeeded his father, Raja Rajendra Bahadur 
 Singh, in the year of his birth. Belongs to an ancient family of Gaharwar 
 Rajputs, said to be a branch of that of the Rahtors of Kanauj, and descended 
 from Gudan Deo. In ancient times, for a long series of years it appears 
 that there was a Gaharwar Raj of the Kantit family, settled at Benares, and 
 owning domains in Mirzapur district, south of the Ganges. In 1758 the 
 Raja Vikramaditya Singh of Kantit was driven out by Balwant Singh, the 
 first Raja of Benares ('/.z'.) ; but after the flight of Raja Chet Singh of 
 Benares in 1781, Raja Govinda Singh, son of Raja Vikramaditya, recovered 
 his possessions. He was succeeded by his nephew and adopted son. Ram 
 Ghulam Singh, whose son was Raja Mahipal Singh ; and the latter in turn 
 was succeeded by his son, Jagat Bahadur Singh. He died in 1850, leaving 
 two minor sons, of whom the elder. Raja Rajendra Bahadur Singh, 
 succeeded his father, but hardly lived to attain his majority. On his death 
 he was succeeded by the present Raja. 
 
 Residence. — Bijaipur, Mirzapur, North-A\'estern Provinces. 
 
232 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 KAPILAS KUMARI (of Phulghar), Riini. 
 
 The title is hereditar)'. The Rani belongs to a very ancient Gond 
 family, descended from the Chanda stock of Gond Rajas, 800 years ago. It 
 is said that the title of Raja was conferred on an ancestor by one of the 
 ancient Kings of Delhi, before the family left Chanda. Until recently the 
 Phulghar Zamindari was classed as a Gurjhat feudatorj' State ; but the late 
 Raja Jagsai died without legitimate heirs in 1867, and the State lapsed into 
 the form of a Zamindari, in the hands of the late Rani Sagan Kumari of 
 Phulghar, who was the lawful wife of the Raja Prithi Singh. The Rani 
 Sagan Kumari was more than seventy years of age when she succeeded to the 
 estate, as she was born before the commencement of the present centur}' ; she 
 was succeeded by the present Rani. 
 
 Residence. — Phulghar, Sambalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 233 
 
 KAPURTHALA, His Highness the Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born September 1872 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 5th 
 September 1877. The Raja's full title is — His Highness Farzand-i-Dilband 
 Rasikhul-Iti-kad Daulat-i-Inglishia Raja-i-Rajagan Raja Jagatjit Singh 
 Bahadur. ' Belongs to a Jat Kalal (Sikh) family, well known under the 
 distinguished name of Ahluwalia, from the village of Ahlu near Lahore. 
 The Sardar Jassa Singh was one of the most conspicuous of the leaders who 
 consolidated the Sikh Power during the disorders and weakness of the 
 Mughals, consequent on the invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah 
 Durani. He died without issue, and was succeeded by Sardar Bagh Singh, 
 a descendant of his uncle. The Chiefs of Kapurthala largely extended their 
 territories and power ; and the name of Sardar Bagh Singh's successor, 
 Sardar Fateh Singh, was associated with that of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh 
 in the first Sikh treaty concluded with the British Government. In 1826 
 Sardar Fateh Singh sought the protection of the British Power against Ranjit 
 Singh ; but in the first Sikh war his troops fought against the British at the 
 battle of Aliwal, and on this account his Cis-Sutlej territories were confiscated. 
 In the second Sikh war his son Sardar Nihal Singh rendered good service ; 
 and in recognition of it he was created a Raja in 1849. On the outbreak 
 of the Mutiny in 1857, the Raja Sir Randhir Singh, G.C.S.I., of Kapurthala, 
 volunteered the services of himself and all his followers. He strengthened 
 the hold of Government in the Jalandhar Doab, and then volunteered to aid 
 in the subjugation of the rebellious Province of Oudh. His offer was 
 accepted ; and accompanied by his brother, the brave Sardar Bikrama Singh 
 Bahadur, C.S.I., he marched to Oudh at the head of 2000 horse and foot 
 and four guns. This force fought no less than six actions with the rebels, with 
 conspicuous valour on the part alike of the Chief, his brother, and his 
 followers. They held most important positions — first at Bani to protect the 
 Lucknow and Cawnpur road, and afterwards at Daryabad ; and captured ten 
 guns from the rebels. The Kapurthala troops remained in Oudh for a 
 whole year ; and the Raja Sir Randhir Singh received as a reward for his 
 loyalty and bravery large estates there, confiscated from the rebellious Rajas 
 of Bhitauli, Baundi, and Ikauna, as well as a khilat of Rs. 10,000, and 
 many other honours. In 1870 he set out to visit England, but unfortunately 
 died at Aden on the way. He was succeeded by his son, the Raja Kharak 
 Singh, father of the present Raja ; leaving also a younger son, the Kunwar 
 Harnam Singh, CLE. {q.v.), and a daughter married to the Sardar Buta 
 Singh of Sirnanwa. The area of the State is 598 square miles ; its 
 population is 252,617, chiefly Muhammadans, but including 82,900 Hindus 
 and 26,493 Sikhs. In addition to this, the Oudh estates of His Highness 
 have an area of 700 square miles, and a population of 253,000. The Raja 
 maintains a military force of 197 cavalry, 829 infantry, and 13 guns; and is 
 entitled to a salute of 1 1 guns. 
 
 Residences. — Kapurthala, Punjab ; and Bhitauli, Baundi, and Ikauna, 
 Oudh. 
 
234 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 KARA AHMAD. See Muhammad Jam Jah Ali. 
 
 KARAM HUSAIN walad ALI GAUHAR KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 Resilience. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 KARAM KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a descendant of one of the Mirs or 
 Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikirpur, Sind. 
 
 KARAMDAD KHAN (of Pharwdla), Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary, and the Raja succeeded his father in March 
 1865, as the foremost of the Gakkar Chiefs of the Punjab. The Gakkars 
 trace their descent from Kai Gohar, of Ispahan in Persia, whose son, 
 Sultan Kaid, is said to have conquered Badakshan and a part of Tibet. For 
 many hundreds of years the Gakkars were undoubtedly possessed of great 
 power and a wide extent of territory ; they overran Kashmir in very early 
 times, and traces of their occupation are still to be found in the north and 
 west of that country. They are usually of the Shia sect of Muhammadans. 
 When the Emperor Babar invaded India, Hati Khan was the Chief of the 
 Gakkars ; and in the Emperor's Autobiography there is a notice of his 
 contest with that Chief. Babar marched against Pharwala — then, as now, 
 the capital of the Gakkars — in 1526 .a.d., and captured it after a gallant 
 resistance, Hati Khan making his escape from one gate of the town as 
 Babar's troops entered by another. Sultan Mukarrab Khan was the last 
 independent Gakkar Chief, and in his day the power of the Gakkars was very 
 great. He defeated the Yusufzai Afghans and the Chief of the Khattaks, 
 and captured Gujrat, overrunning the Chib countr)' as far north as Bhimbar. 
 He joined Ahmad Shah Durani on his several invasions of India, and was 
 treated by that monarch with the greatest consideration, being confirmed in 
 the possession of his large territories, which extended from the Chinab to the 
 Indus. Mukarrab Khan was at last defeated by the powerful Sikh Chief, 
 Sardar Gujar Singh, Bhangi, and compelled to retire across the Jhelum, 
 giving up his possessions in the Chaj Doab. His power being thus broken, 
 the rival Chiefs of his own tribe declared against him, and he was 
 treacherously put to death. He left four sons, of whom the youngest was 
 Sultan Shadman Khan, grandfather of the present Raja. The family were 
 greatly impoverished, weakened, and strijiped of most of their possessions, by 
 the attacks first of Sarikir Gujar Singh, and subsetiuently of Anand Singh, 
 Thipuria, grandson of the famous Sardar Milkha Singh of R.-iwalpindi. In 
 1826 the family was conceded some proprietary rights in Phanvala, the 
 ancient cradle and home of their race. Shadman Khan's eldest son was 
 Hayat-ulla-Khan, who became Raja ; he rendered excellent service under 
 Captain Abbott in 1848-49, and again during the Mutiny of 1857. He was 
 succeeded by the present Raju in 1S65. 
 
 Residence. — Pharw.tla, RKwalpintii, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 235 
 
 KARAN SINGH, Rao. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Aligarh, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 KARASGI, C/wV/"^/ &« Jath. 
 
 KARAULI, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA BONWAR PAL DEO 
 BAHADUR YADUKUL CHANDRA BHAL, Mahdidjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1862 ; succeeded to the gadi 14th August 1886. Is the head 01 
 the great Jadun clan of Rajputs, who claim descent from Krishna, and are 
 called the Chatidravansi or Children of the Moon. The title of Maharaja 
 has descended to them from the remotest antiquity. Probably the first 
 historical personage in the pedigree is Bijai Pal, who built the fort of Biana 
 in 995 A.D. Arjan Deo, in 1348 a.d., established the State, and founded 
 the capital of Karauli in Rajputana. The Maharaja Dharm Pal became 
 Maharaja of Karauli in 1644 a.d.; and the present Maharaja Bahadur is 
 ninth in succession from Dharm Pal. The ]\Iaharaja Madan Pal rendered 
 good service during the Mutiny of 1857, sending a body of his troops against 
 the Kotah mutineers ; and for these services he received an addition of two 
 guns to his salute as a personal distinction, and was created a Knight Grand 
 Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. The area of 
 the State is 1208 square miles ; its population is 148,670, chiefly Hindus, 
 but including 8836 Muhammadans. His Highness maintains a military 
 force of 281 cavalry, 1640 infantry, and 56 guns; and is entitled to a salute 
 of 1 7 guns. The family banner is coloured yellow. 
 
 Residence. — Karauli, Rdjputina. 
 
 KARENNI, WESTERN, PO BYA, Chief of . 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Po Bya is Chief of one of the Karen States in Burma. Its population 
 consists almost entirely of Karens. It has three feudatory dependencies — 
 Bawlake, Kyetpogyi, and Naungpale. 
 
 Residence. — Western Karenni, Burma. 
 
 KARIM KHAN, Sarddr Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1813 ; belongs to a Pathan (Afghan) family settled in Unao, Oudh. 
 He was distinguished for his bravery and loyalty during the Mutiny of 1857, 
 when he held the military rank of Subahdar ; and in recognition thereof he 
 received the title of Sarddr Bahadur as a personal distinction, by a sanad 
 dated i8th September i860. 
 
 Residence. — Unao, Oudh. 
 
236 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 KARIM-UD-DIN AHMAD, Kluin Baliddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Meerut, North-Wcstern Trovinces. 
 
 KARODIA, THAKUR CHAIN SINGH, TJtdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1864; succeeded to the gadi 26th October 1880. Belongs to a 
 Rajput (Hindu) family. 
 
 Residence. — Karodia, Indore, Central India. 
 
 EAROLI, THAKUR BHAWANSINGHJI, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1856; belongs to a Koli (aboriginal) family. The area of the 
 State is 12 square miles; its population about 1500, chiefly Hindus. 
 Residence. — Karoli, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 KAROND, RAJA RAGHU KESHAR DEO, Rdjd of 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1871 ; succeeded to the s^d^ /^b April 1881. Belongs to an 
 ancient Rajput family of the Nagbansi (snake-race) clan — the cognisance of 
 the Nagbansi clan is the sacred Serpent — descended on the female side from 
 the original Gangabansi dynasty of Karond, and on the male side from the 
 Rajas of Satrangarh in Chota Ndgpur. The late Raja, Udit Partab Ueo, for 
 his good services to Government, received the honour of a personal salute of 
 nine guns, which was conferred on ist January 1S77, on the occasion of the 
 Proclamation of her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. The 
 present R.ijd is thirty-first in descent from the founder of the dynasty. The 
 area of the State is 3745 square miles; and its population is 224,548, 
 chiefiy Gonds (an aboriginal tribe). The Raja is entitled to a salute of 
 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Karond, Sambalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 KARVETNAQAR, Rdjd of 
 See Kumara Venkata Perumal Raz, Rdjd. 
 
 KASHI CHANDAR DATT, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 
 Residence. — Joinshar, Dacca, liengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 237 
 
 KASHI NATH BISWAS, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born October 1S30. The title was conferred on i6th February 1887, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 The Rai Bahadur's great-grandfather was in the service of the Nawab Nazim 
 of Bengal ; and his father and grandfather were employed under the 
 Governor-General's agent at Benares. He entered the Judicial Service in 
 1856; became a first-grade Subordinate Judge in 1875, ^"d received a 
 Silver Medal of Honour at the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi in January 
 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Majesty as Empress of 
 India. He received the title of Rai Bahadur in recognition of his long and 
 meritorious services as a Judge. 
 
 Residence. — Benares, North- Western Provinces. 
 
 KASHINATH LAKSHMAN, Rao Bahadur. 
 
 Born i6th July 1833. The title was conferred on 24th May 1S83, for 
 long and distinguished service in the Police Department, in Khandesh, 
 Bombay. The Rao Bahadur belongs to a Karhada Brahman family, and 
 was the son of Lakshuman Krishna, of the Political Department and Police 
 of Khandesh. Was invested with the title of Rao Bahadur at a Darbar held 
 at Dhulia on 15th June 1883. In 1846 he married Ganga, the only 
 daughter of the late Jagirdar of Waroda ; and has issue four sons — 
 (i) Martand, born 30th July 1865, married Lakshmibai, daughter of 
 Purushotam Pant Khandekar ; (2) Waman, born 27th July 1867, married 
 Jankibai, daughter of Prathad Pant Shahane, Mamlatdar of Tasgaon ; (3) 
 Govinda, born 28th August 1871, married Gopikabai, daughter of Madhava 
 Rao Khandekar Phadnis, late Mamlatdar of Satara ; (4) Gopal, born 24th 
 June 187S, married Rukhminibai, daughter of Narayan Rao Bhopatkar of 
 Azvi. 
 
 Residence. — Jalgaon, Khdndesh, Bombay. 
 
 KA.SHINATH TRIMBAK TELANG, CLE., The Hon. 
 
 A distinguished member of the Bombay Bar. Was created a Companion 
 of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, 23rd May 1884. 
 
 KASHMIR, His Highness the Maharaja Bahadur of. 
 See Jammu and Kashmir. 
 
 KASIM HUSAIN TAJ-UL-MULK MIRZA BAHADUR, Prince. 
 
 The Prince is the ninth son of the late Wajid Ali Shah, King of Oudh ; 
 and accordingly bears this title as a personal or courtesy title. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
238 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 KASSALPURA, THAKUR MANAJI, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1823; belongs to a Koli (aboriginal) family. The population of 
 the State is about 400. 
 
 Residence. — Kassalpura, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 KASTUR CHAND, SETH, Hai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 18S7, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 
 Residence. — Kdmthi, Central Provinces. 
 
 KASTUR CHAND, Sctli. 
 
 The title is personal ; it was originally conferred by the Nawab of the 
 Carnatic, and was recognised on 16th December 1S90 by the British 
 Government. 
 
 Residence. — Jaipur, Madras. 
 
 KATARI SUBBARAYUDU NAYUDU, Kai Bahddur. 
 
 Born in 1837. The title was conferred on 25th June 1884, for 
 meritorious services rendered in the Madras Police. Son of the late K. 
 Subbarayudu Nayudu. Educated at Masulipatam. After four years' ser\'ice 
 in the In.im Commission, was appointed to the Madras Police in the Kistna 
 district in 1866. Received a Gold Medal from the Mysore State for courage 
 and ability shown in suppressing a notorious gang of dakaits. In 1891 
 received a jewelled Sword of Honour for similar services from the British 
 Government. Has two sons — Katari Naniyanaswami and Katari Subbarao. 
 
 Residence. — Nandigama, Kistna, Madras. 
 
 KATHI, CHANDRA SINGH RAHI PADRI, Chief of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1 866 ; belongs to a Bhil (aborigin.al) family. The area of the 
 State, which is one of the Mewds States in Khandesh, is about 500 square 
 miles; its population rather over 10,000, chiefly Bhils. The Mewas Chiefs 
 maintain a force of irregulars, called Sikindis, who collect the revenue, attend 
 the Chiefs, and keep order on the frontier and perform other police duties 
 under the Khandesh Superintendent of Police. Besides these irregulars, a 
 considerable number of Bhil headmen, naiks, are bound, if called upon by 
 their Chiefs, to furnish from 30 to 50 bowmen apiece. 
 
 Residence. — K.ithi, Kh.1ndesh, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 239 
 
 KATHIWARA, THAKUR BAHADUR SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Bom 1839; succeeded to the gadi in 1865. Belongs to a Rajput 
 (Hindu) family. The area of the State is 68 square miles ; its population 
 is 2376, Hindus and Bhils. The Thakur maintains a military force of 39 
 infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Kathiw.'ira, Bhopdwar, Central India. 
 
 KATOSAN, THAKUR KARANSINGHJI RANAJI, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1850; succeeded to the ^rt^/2ist January 1869. Belongs to a Koli 
 (Hindu) family. The population of the State is about 1743. 
 Residence. — Katosan, Mdhi Kintha, Bombay. 
 
 KAWARDHA, THAKUR RAJPAL SINGH, Thdkur of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 13th November 1849 ; succeeded to thegadt i ith December 1874. 
 Belongs to a Raj Gond (aboriginal) family, claiming descent from Sham 
 Chand, from whom the present Thakur is thirteenth in descent. His father 
 was the Thakur Ram Singh of Pandaria. The area of the State is 887 square 
 miles ; its population is 86,362, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Kawardha, Bildspur, Central Provinces. 
 
 KAWASJI HORMASJI DADA CHARJI, Xhdn Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1889. 
 Residence. — Aden. 
 
 KAWASJI JAMSHBDJI LALKAKA, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 Born 19th September 1851. The title was conferred on 21st February 
 1884, for' eminent services rendered to the State in the Postal Department. 
 Belongs to a Parsi family, son of Jamshedji Dosabji Lalkaka. Is a Justice 
 of the Peace, April 1881. Acted as Deputy Postmaster-General of the 
 Central Provinces and Berar in 1889, and of Rajputana in 1890. Married, 
 3rd December 1873, Manikbai, daughter of Nasarwanji Khurshidji Sabavala 
 of Surat ; and has issue two sons — Jahangir, born 29th May 1875, and 
 Kaikhushro, born 27th June 1878. 
 
 Residence. — Ahmadabad, Bombay. 
 
 KAWASJI KAIKHUSRU, Khdn Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1889. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
240 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 KAYATHA, THAKUR SHEODAN SINGH, Thdkurof. 
 A Ruling Cliief. 
 
 Born 1848 ; succeeded to the gadi 1863. Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) 
 family. 
 
 Residence. — Kayatha, Indore, Central India. 
 
 KAZIM ALI, Mirza Bahddur. 
 
 The Mirza Bahadur is the grandson of the late Muhammad Ali Shdh, 
 King of Oudh, being a son of the Mirza Azim-us-Shan Bahadur, son of that 
 monarch. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 KAZIM ALI KHAN (1), Nawdb Bahddur. 
 
 The Nawdb Bahddur is a grandson of the late Muhammad Ali Shdh, 
 King of Oudh, being a son of the Nawab Muazzam-ud-daula Bahadur, by a 
 daughter of that monarch. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 KAZIM ALI KHAN (2), Naiodb BaMdur. 
 
 The Nawab Bahddur is a great-grandson of the late Saddat Ali Khdn, 
 King of Oudh, being a son of the Nawdb Ikhtidr-ud-daula Bahddur, who 
 was a grandson of that monarch. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 KEDAR NATH CHATTARJI, Kai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 6th June 1885. 
 Residence. — Bali, Bengal. 
 
 KEDAR NATH KUNDU CHAUDHRI, Eai Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1884. 
 Residence. — Howrah, Bengal. 
 
 KEHAR SINGH (of Khiva), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Sikh family descended from the 
 Sarddr Rai Maha Singh ; who, with his son, Sarddr Laha Singh, fell in battle 
 in the service of Sarddr Charat Singh, head of the Sikh inisl or confederacy 
 known as Sukarchakia, and grandfather of the Mahdrdjd Ranjit Singh of 
 Lahore. Sarddr Amar Singh, son of Laha Singh, was taken into the service 
 of Sarddr Charat Singh, received a jdf^ir, and served with distinction under 
 Charat Singh's son, Sarddr Daydl Singh, and under his grandson the Mahd- 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 241 
 
 raja. After his death his three sons, Sardars Fateh Singh, Dayal Singh, and 
 Mohar Singh, rose into favour with the Maharaja ; and the last especially 
 distinguished himself in an action with the Afghans at Khiva in the Gujrat 
 district. Mohar Singh subsequently retired to Benares, and the Maharaja 
 Ranjit Singh confiscated his Jiigi'rs. His brother, Sardar Dayal Singh (grand- 
 father of the present Sardar), fought in the battle of Attock, 1 8 1 3, where he 
 was severely wounded; and he was again wounded in the expedition to Kashmir, 
 for which he received some \a\ua.hle jag/rs. He died in 1832 ; and his son, 
 Sardar Bishan Singh, died two years afterwards, leaving Kishan, a child of 
 two years of age. Sardar Kishan Singh was loyal in the time of the Multan 
 rebellion of 1S48-49 ; and later, in the time of the Mutiny of 1857, he 
 rendered good service to Government, and was rewarded for it. He died in 
 i860, and Sardar Kehar Singh is the surviving member of the family. He 
 is also known as the Sardar Nand Singh. 
 Residence. — Khiva, Gujrdt district, Punjab. 
 
 KBONTHAL, RAJA BALBIR SAIN, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1852 ; succeeded to the gadi 23rd August 1882. Belongs to a 
 very ancient Rajput family, that bore the title of Rana from early times till 
 1857, when the title of Raja was conferred on Rana Sansar Sain for his 
 services in the time of the Mutiny. After the expulsion of the Gurkhas a 
 portion of the State was made over to the Maharaja of Patiala, and the 
 remainder was confirmed to the then Rana by a sanad of the British Govern- 
 ment in 1815. He has six feudatory Chiefs subordinate to him, viz. the 
 Chiefs of Thiog, Koti, Ghund, Kheri, Madhan, and Ratesh ; and of these 
 the first four are tributaries. The area of the State is 1 1 2 square miles ; its 
 population is 31,154, chiefly Hindus. The Raja maintains a military force 
 of 108 infantry and 2 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Keonthal, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 KERALA VARMA RAJA, Rdjd. See Chirakal, Valiya Rdjd of. 
 
 KERALA VARMA RAJA, Rdjd. See Kottayam, Valiya Rdjd of 
 
 KEROWLEE, His Highness the Maharaja of See Karauli. 
 
 KESHAB KANTA SINGH, Rdjd. 
 
 Born November 1852. The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd 
 February 1861, the Raja being the grandson and representative of the late 
 Raja Chandra Kanta Singh, the last reigning Raja of Assam. Belongs to 
 the historical Ahom dynasty, who were rulers in Assam for many centuries, 
 and are said to have been originally Shans from Burma. The first Raja of 
 the dynasty who adopted Hinduism is stated to have been Chuhum-Pha, who 
 succeeded to the gadi in 1497 a.d. From him the fourth in succession, 
 Raja Chutum-Hla, adopted the Hindu name of Jayadhajiya Singh ; and he 
 
 R 
 
242 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 was reigning at the time of the Mughal invasion by ^lir Jumla under the 
 orders of the Emperor Aurangzeb. The invasion was unsuccessful, and the 
 Ahom Rajd extended his frontier to Goalpdra. The greatest of the dynasty 
 was Raja Rudra Singh, who succeeded to the gadi in 1695 ; and in the next 
 century their power decayed. Rdja Gaurinath Singh was the titular Rajd 
 when the British first sent a force into Assam in i 792 to restore him after 
 his expulsion by the Koch Rdja of Darrang. Then followed an invasion of 
 the Burmese, who ruled the country till the first Burmese war ; at the close 
 of which Assam was ceded by Burma to the British Power. Rdja Gaurindth 
 Singh had been succeeded in title by his brother, Rdja Chandra Kanta Singh ; 
 and the grandson of the latter is the present Rdjd. The family cognisance is 
 an Arcwan (Royal Umbrella) and SriJ>us Kalki (Golden Head-dress). 
 
 Residence. — Gauhdti, Assam. 
 
 KESHAVRAO BHASKARJI, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 1st January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 KESRI SINGH (of Lakhnadon), Thdkur. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Thakur being the representative of one of the 
 ancient Chiefs of the Seoni district. 
 
 Residence. — Lakhnadon, Seoni, Central Provinces. 
 
 KESRI SINGH, C.I.R (of Kuchawan), Rao Bahadur. 
 
 The title of Rao Bahadur is personal, and was conferred on 1st January 
 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty 
 as Empress of India. He has subsequently been created a Companion of 
 the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire. 
 
 Residence. — Mdrwdr, Rdjputdna. 
 
 KET, MAUNG, Kyct Thaye zaung shwe Sahoe ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 1st June 1888. It means 
 " Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour," and is indicated by the letters 
 K.S.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Yaw, Burma. 
 
 KEUNJHAR, MAHARAJA DHANURJAI NARAYAN BHANJ 
 
 DEO, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 27th July 1S49 ; succeeded to \!n& gadi as a minor 4th September 
 1861. Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family, claiming descent from Joti 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 243 
 
 Bhanj, a brother of Adi Bhanj, the founder of the Moharbhanj State {q.v.), 
 thirty-four generations back. The following is the local tradition as to the 
 way in which the Keunjhar Rajas got the patronymic of Bhanj, in which the 
 State got the name of Keunjhar, and in which its borders were enlarged : — 
 Jai Singh, a son of Man Singh, the Maharaja of Jaipur in Rdjputana, came to 
 visit the shrine of Jagannath in Puri. He married Padmavati, the daughter of 
 the Gajapati King of Puri, Pratapendra Deb, and received as her dowry the 
 State of Hariharpur, which then comprised the two States of Moharbhanj and 
 Keunjhar. Two sons were born to him, the elder of whom was named Adi 
 Singh and the younger Joti Singh. In niauza Rarua in killa Hariharpur 
 there was a petty Zamindar named Mayura Dhwaja in possession of five pirs. 
 He was conquered by Prince Adi Singh, and deprived of his Zamindari. The 
 Gajapati King of Puri, hearing of the success of Prince Adi Singh, conferred 
 on him the title of Bhanj. Since that time the above title has been 
 hereditary in the Moharbhanj and Keunjhar Raj families. Adi Singh on his 
 accession to the gadi changed the name of Hariharpur into Moharbhanj, and 
 in commemoration of his conquest of the territory of Mayura Dhwaja, called 
 it and the villages comprised in it Adipur Pir, after his own name. Prior to 
 his death, Jai Singh separated from his killa a portion of land which at 
 present goes by the name of Nijgarh zillah, and left it in possession of his 
 younger son, Joti Bhanj. Thereupon the latter left Moharbhanj, and 
 established a garh (fort) at Jotipur, where he dwelt. Subsequently he 
 removed his headquarters to a place where there was a spring (Jhar) in an 
 ebony (kendu) forest ; and since then the headquarters and the killa itself 
 are called Kendu-Jhar or Keunjhar. Jotipur Garh, with its adjoining villages, 
 was anne.xed to killa Keunjhar and called Jotipur Pir. The boundaries of 
 killa Keunjhar since its foundation by Joti Bhanj up to the reign of Govind 
 Bhanj are laid down in the topographical maps which were prepared by 
 Government between 1850 and 1862. Govind Bhanj being offended for 
 some reason or other with his father, Trilochan Bhanj, retired to Puri and 
 lived there. He was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the army of the 
 Gajapati King of Puri, and gained a victory for him in the battle of Kanchi- 
 Cavery in the Madras Presidency. Soon after, being informed of his father's 
 death, he got the permission of the Puri Raja to return home. Before his 
 departure he obtained as a reward from the Raja the Zamindari of Athgarh, 
 which adjoined the eastern border of the Keunjhar State, and on his return 
 from Puri he was installed on the Keunjhar gadi. Since that date the zillah 
 of Athgarh has remained annexed to killa Keunjhar. It is commonly 
 known as Anandpur. In 1794 a.d. Janardan Bhanj married Krishnapriya, 
 the daughter 01 Manipal and grand-daughter of Arnapurna, the Rani of Pal 
 Lahera, and received as dowry the Zamindari of Pal Lahera. On the death 
 of Krishnapriya in 1825, the petty Zamindars of Pal Lahera combined with 
 the ryots of that State and opposed Janardan Bhanj 's possession of Pal 
 Lahera. From 1794 to 1825 the Raja of Keunjhar had full authority over 
 Pal Lahera ; and though the latter was subsequently made independent, it 
 still pays its tribute through the former. The tide of Raja is hereditary in 
 this family, and dates from the period of the Mahratta dominion in Orissa ; 
 it was formally conferred by the British Government in 1874. The title of 
 Maharaja was conferred on the present Chief as a personal distinction, 
 I St January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. The cognisance of the family is a 
 
244 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 peacock with the tail spread. The area of the State, which is one of the 
 Orissa Tributary Mahals, is 3096 square miles; its population is 215,612, 
 chiefly Hindus, but including nearly 20,000 belonging to various aboriginal 
 tribes. The Maharaja maintains a militar)' force of 2949 infantry and 32 
 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Keunjhar, Orissa, Bengal. 
 
 KHADIJA BEGAM SAHIBA, Princess. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on nth March 1866. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 KHAIR-UN-NISA BEGAM, Her Highness the Nawdb. 
 
 The title is personal ; it was originally conferred by the Nawdb of the 
 Carnatic, and recognised on i6th December 1890. Her Highness is the Shadi 
 widow of His Highness the late Nawab Ghulam Muhammad Ghaus Khan, 
 last titular Nawab of the Carnatic. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 KHAIRAGARH, KAMAL NARAYAN SINGH, Zaminddr of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1879; succeeded to the gadi on the death of Lai Umrao Singh, 
 19th February 1891. Belongs to a Raj Gond (aboriginal) family, claiming 
 descent from the ancient royal family of Garha Mandla. The area of 
 the State is 940 square miles; its population is 166,138, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residcihc. — Khairagarh, Raipur, Central Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 245 
 
 KHAIRPUR, HIS HIGHNESS MIR SIR ALI MURAD KHAN, 
 
 G.C.I.E., Mir of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 28th June 1815; succeeded to the gadt 20th December 1842. 
 Is the representative of the historical Baluch family called Talpur, that con- 
 quered Sind in 1783 a.d. In that year Mir Fateh AH Khan Talpur 
 established himself as J^ais of Sind ; and subsequently his nephew, Mir 
 Sohrab Khan Talpur, with his two sons, named respectively Mir Rustam and 
 Ali Murad — the last-named being the present Mir of Khairpur — founded the 
 Khairpur branch of the Talpur rulers of Sind. ]\Iir Sohrab Khan gradually 
 extended his dominions until they extended from the Jaisalmer Desert on the 
 east to Kachh Gandava in Baluchistan on the west. In 1 8 1 3 he ceased to pay 
 tribute to Afghanistan; and in 1832 Khairpur was recognised as a separate 
 State from the rest of Sind, in a treaty with the British Power. During the 
 first Afghan war, when most of the Sind Mirs were believed to be hostile, the 
 Mir Ali Murad Khan cordially supported the British policy. Consequently, 
 when, after the close of that war, the victory of Miani (Meeanee) effected 
 the conquest of Sind, and the rest of Sind was annexed and incorporated 
 in the British territory, the State of Khairpur retained its political existence 
 as a feudatory of the Empire. In 1866 a sanad was granted to His High- 
 ness, guaranteeing the succession according to Muhammadan law ; and he 
 has recently been created a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Eminent 
 Order of the Indian Empire. His Highness's sons are Mir Faiz Muhammad 
 Khan, Mir Jan Muhammad Khan, and Mir Ghulam Haidar. The area 
 of the State is 6109 square miles; its population is 129,153, chiefly 
 Muhammadans, but including more than 26,000 Hindus. His Highness 
 maintains a military force of 700 cavalry, 774 infantry, and 32 guns; and is 
 entitled to a salute of ig guns (including 4 guns personal). 
 
 Residence. — Khairpur, Sind, Bombay. 
 
246 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 KHAJURIA, MIAN KARIM BAKSH, Afidn of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S59; succeeded to the gadi 24th December 1863. Belongs to a 
 Pindarl (Muhammadan) family. The population of the State is 467, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Khajuria, Bhopdl, Central India. 
 
 KHALTHAUN, THAKUR HARGAYAN SINGH, T/idkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1864; succeeded to iYiQ gad i in 1883. Belongs to a Kshatriya 
 Yadav (Hindu) family. The area of the State is 5 square miles ; its popula- 
 tion is about 8000, chiefly Hindus. The Thakur maintains a military force 
 of 15 cavalry and 50 infantrj-. 
 
 Residence. — Khalthaun, Gwalior, Central India. 
 
 KHAN BABA KHAN, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1SS7, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign. 
 
 Residence. — Peshdwar, Punjab. 
 
 KBAN MUHAMMAD walad WALI MUHAMMAD KHAN, 
 
 Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a representative of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 KHANDERAO APPAJI, GUPTE, Rao Sa/iel>. 
 The title is personal. 
 Residence. — Thdnit, Bombay. 
 
 KHANDERAO SIDRAMAPA DESAI NADGAODA (of Kurbet), 
 S/irimdn Malta Xaik KaJgauda Xagniiritbiiada Ilimori. 
 
 The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred by the Chief of 
 Anigundi on an ancestor, for having cleared the jungles of Gokak of the 
 bandits who frequented them — and having been recognised by the British 
 Government. Belongs to a Mahratta (Hindu) family claiming descent from 
 Jogi Nikumbi Naik, through a long scries of generations. Khanderao Baba 
 Saheb succeeded his father Sidramapa Balapa Desai. 
 
 Residence. — Uelgaum, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 247 
 
 KHANDERAO VISHWANATH RASTB, Rao Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1S45. The title of Rao Bahadur is personal, and was conferred 
 on I St January 1877, ^t ^^ Imperial Assemblage at Delhi, on the occasion 
 of the Proclamation of Her Majesty as Empress of India — when he also 
 received a Medal of Honour. Is also a First Class Sardar of the Deccan ; 
 and claims the hereditary rank of Sardar. Belongs to a Konkanasth 
 Brahman family, resident from early times in Velneshwar, in the district of 
 Ratnagiri ; originally the family name was " Gokhle," changed at a later date 
 for " Raste." The founder of the family was named Ballah. His descend- 
 ant, Shamji Naik, had three sons, who entered the service of the Shahu 
 Raja of Satara, in which they acquired important positions. The second of 
 these, named Bhikaji, had a daughter married to the Peshwa Narayan Rao; 
 the eldest, named Haribaji Naik, was the ancestor of this family. His great- 
 grandson, Khanderao Nilkant Raste, was appointed to a military command 
 by the celebrated Nana Farnavis under the Peshwa Mahadeo Rao Narayan ; 
 he served with great success in many campaigns, and rose to high honours, 
 with considerable grants of land. His son, Vishwasrao Khanderao, was a 
 Sardar of the Deccan of the second class ; he was granted a pension by the 
 Government in 18 19, and was succeeded by his son, the present title-holder. 
 The Rao Bahadur was educated at the Poona College ; was a Member of the 
 Bombay Legislative Council, 1884-86; is a Magistrate for Poona, and also 
 for Koldba, and a Justice of the Peace for the town and island of Bombay. 
 
 Residence. — Poona, Bombay. 
 
 KHANDPARA, RAJA NATOBAR SINGH MARDRAJ 
 BHRAMARBAR RAI, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born 1837 ; succeeded to the gadi 28th February 1867. Belongs to a 
 Rajput (Hindu) family, claiming descent from a younger son of the Nayagarh 
 family, seventy-one generations ago. The Raja Raghunath Singh of 
 Nayagarh had two sons. The elder son, Harihar Singh, became Raja of 
 Nayagarh, and the younger, Jadunath Singh Mangraj, retained possession of 
 four Garhs, or forts, as his share, viz. Kadua, Ghuntsahi, Sardhapur, and Khed- 
 pada, all in Nayagarh. There was at that time a Chief ruling over a tract from 
 Ogalpur to Harichandanpur in Khandpara. Him the said Mangraj defeated, 
 and took possession of his territory. Gradually in course of time and by 
 dint of arms, his son Pitabas Singh, his grandson Narayan Singh, and 
 his great-grandson Balunkeswar Singh extended their dominions, and 
 strengthened the State of Khandpara. The petty chiefs who ruled within 
 the jurisdiction of this State during these times, and their subjects, were 
 savage aborigines. The Rajas of Khandpara defeated these petty Chiefs, 
 gave education to the savages, cleared the jungles, formed villages, and 
 civilised the country. Up to the reign of Raja Narayan Singh Mangraj, 
 Khandpara extended on the east up to Banki, on the west to Balaramprasad 
 in Daspalla, on the north to Kantilo, and on the south up to Jogiapali in 
 Nayagarh. During the reign of Banamali Singh Mardraj Bhramarbar Rai, 
 son of Raja Balunkeswar Singh Mangraj, the Raja of Bod did not give the 
 State to his adopted son Makund Deb Bhanj, whom he had brought from 
 Moharbhanj, but gave it to another person whom he subsequently adopted as 
 
248 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 his son. This gave offence to Makund Deb Bhanj, and he consequently 
 sought help from the Raja of Khandpara, Banamali Singh Mardrdj Bhramarbdr 
 Rai. This Banamali was a brave and powerful Raja, and expert in war. 
 He engaged the Raja of Bod, and after defeating him made the said Makund 
 Deb Bhanj Raja over a part of Bod territor)', and gave the new State the 
 name of Daspalla. Raja Jadundth Singh Mangraj, the founder of the 
 Khandpara State, got the title of Mangraj from the Maharaja of Orissa, and 
 it was enjoyed from his time down to Balunkeswar Singh. Banamali Singh, 
 the son of Balunkeswar Singh, was a very powerful Chief, and defended the 
 Mahdraja of Orissa from the attacks of his enemies. The latter gave him as 
 a reward the title of Bhai Mardrdj Bhramarbdr Rai, which has been enjoyed 
 by successive Chiefs to the present day. During the reign of Rajd Niladri 
 Singh Mardrdj Bhramarbdr Rai, Raghuji Bhonsle, the Mahdrdja of Ndgpur, 
 gave the Raja a flag, which is still used. When Orissa was first conquered 
 by the British Government, Raja Narsingha Singh Mardrdj Bhramarbdr Rai 
 gave assistance to the chief military officers of the British Government, and 
 received an elephant and a cannon in recognition thereof The present Raja 
 is a son of the late Raja Krishna Chandra Singh Mardrdj Bhramarbdr Rai ; 
 and succeeded his brother, the late Kunja Vihari Singh Mardrdj Bhramarbdr 
 Rai, who died without issue in 1867. The title of Rdjd is hereditary in the 
 family, and dates from the period of the Mahratta dominion in Orissa ; it was 
 formally recognised by the British Government in 1874. The cognisance 
 of the family is a tiger's head. The State, which is one of the Orissa Tributary 
 Mahals, has an area of 244 square miles, and a population of 66,296, chiefly 
 Hindus. The Rdjd maintains a military force of 1085 infantry and 12 guns. 
 Jiesidcnce. — Khandp.lrd, Orissa, Bengal. 
 
 KHANIADHANA, RAJA CHHATAR Sl^QB., Jdsirddr of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1863; succeeded to the ^a<// 13th December 1S69. Belongs to 
 the great Bundela (Rajput) family of Orchha, that has given ruling 
 families to Panna, Datia, Ajaigarh, and most of the States of Bundelkhand. 
 Amresh was a younger son of the Mahdrdjd Udit Singh of Orchha, and 
 received the territory of Khaniddhdna as his portion. Much of this territory 
 was taken away by the Mahrattas. Fourth in descent from Amresh was the 
 Rdjd Gumdn Singh, who received a sanad from the British Government in 
 1863. Gumdn Singh died in 1869, and was succeeded by the present 
 Jdgirddr ; who on ist January' 1877, at the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi, 
 on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Majesty as Empress of India, 
 received the title of Rdjd as a personal distinction. The area of the State is 
 84 square miles; its population is 13,494, chiefly Hindus. The Rdjd 
 maintains a military force of 5 cavalry, 65 infantry, and 2 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Khaniddhdna, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 KHARAL, MIAN SURSINGHJI SARDARSINGHJI, Midn of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 Born i860; succeeded to the gadi 20th April 1S84. Belongs to a 
 Koli (Muhammadan) family. The area of the State is 16 square miles; its 
 population 3189, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — KhardI, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 249 
 
 KHARSEDJI RUSTAMJI, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Majesty as Empress of India. 
 Residence. — Baroda. 
 
 KHARSIA, THAKUR BALWANT SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1855 ; succeeded to the gadt 26th September 1876. Belongs to a 
 Rajput (Hindu) family. 
 
 Residence. — Kharsia, Bhopil, Central India. 
 
 KHARSOWAN, THAKUR MAHENDRA NARAYAN SINGH 
 
 DEO, Thdh^r of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1869; succeeded his father, Thakur Raghunath Singh Deo, 2nd 
 March 1884, as a minor. Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family, descended 
 from a younger son of the ancient Porahat family, that came into Orissa in 
 very early times from Jodhpur in Rajputana. The title of Thakur was 
 originally bestowed by the Raja of Porahat, and has been conferred on the 
 Chief as a personal distinction. The State (which is one of the Chota 
 Nagpur Tributary Mahals) has an area of 149 square miles, and a population 
 of 31,051, chiefly Hindus. The Thakur has a military force of 3 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Kharsowan, Singhbhum, Chota Ndgpur, Bengal. 
 
 KHERAWARA, THAKUR VAJESINGHJI, Thdkur of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1847. Belongs to a Koli (aboriginal) family. The area of his 
 State is 27 square miles; its population is over 1300, chiefly Hindus. 
 Residence. — Kherawara, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 KHERI, Chief of 
 
 Is a feudatory of the Raja of Keonthal (^.v.), and rules over one of the 
 Simla Hill States. 
 
 Residence. — Kheri, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 KHERWASA, THAKUR PARTAB SINGH, Thdkur of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1880; succeeded to the ^i^adi as a minor in 1887. Belongs to a 
 Rajput (Hindu) family. The population of the State is about 500, Hindus 
 and ISIuhammadans. 
 
 Residence. — Kherivasa, Western Mdhvd, Central India. 
 
250 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 KHET SINGH (of Gobra), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 4th February 1842. The title is hereditary, having been originally 
 conferred by one of the old Gond Rajas of Garha-Mandla, and confirmed by 
 Government. Is a descendant of Rdjd Karan ; and rendered good service in 
 the campaigns that followed the Mutiny of 1857. 
 
 Residence. — Gobra, Damoh, Central Provinces. 
 
 KHETTAR (KSHETTRA) CHANDAR BANARJI, Rat Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 6th December 1884, for 
 services rendered in the Public Works Department. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 KHIANDA, MAD AN SINGH, Chief of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born iSSo; succeeded to the gadi 3& a minor 27th December 1889. 
 The population of the State is about 11 00, chiefly Hindus. 
 Residence. — Khianda, Guna, Central India. 
 
 KHILAWAN SINGH (of BUehra), Rdjd. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 KHILCHIPUR, RAO BAHADUR AMAR SINGHJI, 
 
 Rao Bahddur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1834 ; succeeded to the ^'aa'/ 27th November 1S6S. Belongs to a 
 Khichi Rajput (Hindu) family, descended from Durjan Sdl, a Khichi Chief 
 The area of his State is about 272 square miles; its population 36,125, 
 chiefly Hindus. The Rao Bahddur maintains a military force of 45 cavalr)-, 
 202 infantr)', and 2 guns; and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns. The 
 family has a white banner (with black silk tassel), bearing the effigy of 
 Hanumdn, the monkey-god. The Rao Bahddufs eldest son is named Ldlji 
 Bhawdni Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Khilchipur, Bhopdl, Central India. 
 
 KHIRASRA, JAREJA RAISINGHJI JIJIBHAI, Tdlukddr of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1850; succeeded to the gadi ist January 1872. Belongs to a 
 Rdjput (Hindu) family. The area of his State is 13 square miles ; its popu- 
 lation is 4377, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Khirasra, Kdthi;iw.ir, Bombay. 
 
 KHITABAT KHAN. See Muhammad Ghaus, Shaikh. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 251 
 
 KHITISH (KSHITISH) CHANDAR RAI (of Nadiyd), 
 JMahdrdjd Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1 6th April 1868. The title was conferred on ist January 1S90, as 
 a personal distinction, when the Maharaja Bahadur came of age after a long 
 minority ; and it has been enjoyed by the Rajas of Nadiya (or Nuddea) for 
 many generations, having been first conferred by the Emperor of Delhi on 
 the Maharaja Rudra ten generations ago. Belongs to a Kulin Brahman 
 family of the highest caste, claiming descent from the famous Bhatta 
 Narayan, one of the five Brahman apostles whom King Adisur brought to 
 Bengal from Kanauj. A farmdn bearing the seal and signature of the 
 Emperor Alamgir is extant, in which the Raja Rudra is addressed as Raja. 
 His great-grandson, the Maharaja Krishna Chandra Rai, received iwofarmdns 
 from the Emperor Shah Alam, conferring on him the title of Maharaja. 
 Since the estabhshment of British rule in Bengal each Raja of Nadiya in 
 succession has been created a Maharaja Bahadur. The late Maharaja Satis 
 Chandra Rai Bahadur, Raja of Nadiya, was eminently loyal to the Govern- 
 ment, and exceedingly liberal, especially to his tenants and to educational 
 institutions. He presented a beautiful park as the site for the Krishnagar 
 State College of the Calcutta University, at the town of Krishnagar, which is 
 the capital of Nadiya ; and he subscribed largely to the funds, both for the 
 building and for the endowment of that important institution. The present 
 Maharaja Bahadur was his son by adoption, and has only recently (1890) 
 attained his majority. 
 
 Residc?ii-c. — Krishnagar, Nadiyi, Bengal. 
 
 KHOJANKHERA, THAKUR BAKHTAWAR SINGH, 
 
 Thdkiir of. 
 
 A RuHng Chief 
 
 Born i860; succeeded to the gadi in 1878. Belongs to a Rajput 
 (Hindu) family. The population of the State is about 500. 
 Residence. — Khojankhera, Western Milwd, Central India. 
 
 KHORY, A M., Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign. 
 Residence. — Mhow, Central India. 
 
 KHUDA BAKHSH, MAULAVI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1883, as a 
 reward for highly meritorious service as Government Pleader. 
 Residence. — Patna, Bengal. 
 
 KHUDA BAKHSH KHAN walad JAM NINDO, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. He is the only son of the 
 Jam Nindo Khan, a member of the Sohrabani branch of the Talpur family. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
252 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 KHUDA BAKHSH KHAN, USHTARANA, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Punjab. 
 
 KHUDADAD KHAN imlad KHAN MUHAMMAD 
 KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary-, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 KHUDADAD KHAN, Khdn Saiieb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January- 1888. 
 Residence. — Sukkurri, Sind. 
 
 KHUMAN SINGH (of Ghatakheri), Tlidkur. 
 
 The title is hereditar)'. 
 
 Residence. — Nimdr, Central Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 253 
 
 KHURSHID JAH, BAHADUR, K.C.I.B., SIR, 
 Nawdb, Shams-ul- Umara, Amir-i-Kabir. 
 
 One of the Premier Nobles of the Hyderabad State. 
 
 The Nawdb Bahadur, who was born about the year 1838, is the present 
 representative (with his brother, the Vikdr-ul-Umara, q.v., and his cousin. Sir 
 Asman Jah, q.v^ of the great and powerful Shamsiya family, the first among 
 the noble families of Hyderabad, which has been frequently connected 
 by marriage with the Ruling House, and entrusted with the hereditary 
 command of the Paigah or Household Troops of the Nizam. Descended 
 from the famous captain, Shaikh Abul Khair Khan, Imam Jang, Shamsher 
 Bahadur, who was a Mansabddr in Malwa under the Emperor Aurangzeb. 
 He attached himself to the fortunes of the great Asaf Jah, the founder of the 
 Hyderabad dynasty, under whose banner he rose to the highest commands. 
 In 1745 he defeated a Mahratta force, and under the successors of Asaf 
 Jah, the Nizams Nasir Jang and Salabat Jang, he continued his successful 
 career. In 1752 he died at Burhanpur; and was succeeded by his son, 
 Abul Fateh Khan Teg Jang, who became the first Noble of the Nizam Ali, 
 obtaining the command of the Paigah or Household Troops, immense 
 territorial possessions, and the titles of Shams-ud-daula, Shams-ul-Mulk, and 
 Shams-ul-Umara. He died in 1786, when campaigning in Panghul ; and 
 was succeeded by his son, who at the early age of four had received from 
 the Nizam the titles of Ba-ud-din Khan, Imam Jang, Khurshid-ud-daula, and 
 Khurshid-ul-]\Iu!k. He succeeded to all the honours of his father, and 
 became a famous scholar and savant, receiving at various times the titles of 
 Teg Jang, Shams-ud-daula, Shams-ul-Mulk, Shams-ul-Umara Bahadur, and in 
 1827 the title of Amir-i-Kabir. In 1849 he became for a short time Prime 
 Minister of Hyderabad. He died in 1862, leaving two sons, Umdat-ul-Mulk 
 (who became Amir-i-Kabir) and Ikhtidar-ul-Mulk (who became Vikar-ul- 
 Umara). The former died in 1877, when the latter succeeded him in the 
 family honours, and as Co-Regent of the State, adding the title of Amir-i- 
 Kabir to that of Vikar-ul-Umara. He died in 1881, leaving two sons, the 
 Nawab Sir Khurshid Jah Bahadur and the Nawab Vikar-ul-Umara (Ikbal-ud- 
 daula, Bahadur). Sir Khurshid was created a Knight Commander of the Most 
 Eminent Order of the Indian Empire on i6th February 1877, on the occasion 
 of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty ; and he has held 
 the offices of Member of the Council of Regency, and Member of the 
 Council of State. The Nawab is a fine Persian and Urdu scholar, and has 
 travelled in many parts of India. Like their noble kinsman Sir Asman Jah, 
 both Sir Khurshid Jah and his brother the Vikar-ul-Umara have shared the 
 fortune of their ancestor, in allying themselves in marriage with Princesses of 
 the Royal House of Hyderabad. In his palace at Hyderabad are to be 
 seen the sword and armour of his ancestor, Abul Fateh Khan Teg Jang, a 
 warrior of great size and height, 
 
 Residences. — Hyderabad ; Shams-ul-Umard's Baradari, Hyderabad. 
 
254 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 The SamtaJt of the ChauhAn 
 Riijputs, cillccl Chakra, used 
 in the seal and for signature 
 
 (A circle with four Trisulas or 
 'Indents as radii at the car- 
 dinal |>oinU.) 
 
 KHUSHAL SINGH (of Rajaur), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1S46. The title is hereditary; the Raja being one of the Chiefs 
 of the Chauhdn Rajputs, and boasting a direct descent from Prithiraj, the 
 last Chauhdn Rajput Emperor of Delhi, whose 
 romantic history is sung by every Hindu bard, and 
 whose fall virtually transferred the sovereignty of 
 India from the Hindus to the Muhammadans. 
 Prithiraj perished in battle with Shahab-ud-din 
 Ghori in 1193 A.D. Eighth in descent from him 
 was the famous Bhoj Raj of Hansi, who re- 
 conquered Ajmir, the old home of the Chauhdn 
 Rdjputs — Prithiraj having been the son of a 
 Chauhdn Rdjd of Ajmir by a daughter of the 
 Tomdra Rajput Rdjd of Delhi, Anang Pdl, and 
 having been adopted by his maternal grandfather at 
 Delhi. Fifth in descent from Bhoj Raj was Dhira 
 Raj, who migrated from Hansi to Bilrdm ; and 
 fourth in descent from him was Sakit Deo, who 
 founded Sakit, and whose descendants were the Chauhdn Rdjds of 
 Sakit and Rajaur. His grandson, Bhupdl Deo, had two sons, Yahdni 
 Sahai and Udaicharan ; the latter founded the family of the Chauhdn 
 Rdjds of Mainpuri, the former remained as Rdjd of Sakit and Rajaur. 
 Seven generations later Rdjd Sawant Sen was driven out of these 
 ancestral possessions by the army of Ibrahim Shdh Lodi, Sultdn 01 
 Delhi ; but after the subversion of the Lodi dynasty by the invasion of 
 Bdbar and his Mughals, Sawant Sen's grandson, named Chakra Sen, was 
 enabled to return to Sakit and Rajaur as a feudatory of the Mughal Emperor. 
 Eight generations followed each other in peaceful possession of the Raj 
 under the strong arm of the Mughals ; and Rdjd Hari Singh in the time of 
 Aurangzeb was famous for his prowess, won many battles, and was high in 
 the favour both of that Emperor and of his successors, the Emperors Farukh- 
 siyar and Muhammad Shdh. But in the time of Hari Singh's son, Raj 
 Singh, the country was given up to anarchy ; and during this disturbed period 
 Sakit was seized by the Nawdb of Farukhabad, and was lost for ever to the 
 Chauhdn Rdjds of Rajaur. Rdj Singh's grandson was Rdjd Datta Singh ; and 
 the grandson of the latter was the late Rdjd Drigpal Singh, father of the 
 present Rdjd. Rdjd Khushdl Singh has two sons, Kunwdr I.dl Jagmohan 
 Singh, born 1873 > ^"d Kunwdr Ldl Dharm Singh, born 1883. 
 
 Residence. — Rajaur, Etah, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 KHUSHALRAI SARABHAI, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Ahmadabad, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 255 
 
 KHYRIM, A. KHUR SINGH, Sdm of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1843 ; succeeded to the gadi 4th December 1871. The Seim is 
 Chief of one of the Khasi and Jaintia Hill States, the population of which 
 is about 24,000, and consists of Khasis and Christian converts. 
 
 Residence. — Khyrim, Khasi Hills, Assam. 
 
 KINNU RAI, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1 82 9. The title is personal, and was conferred on 6th June 1885, 
 in recognition of his loyal services during the time of the Mutiny in 1857, 
 when he protected the Stud property of the Government at the risk of his 
 own life. 
 
 Residence. — Ghizipur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 KIRALI, CHOLU walad APSINGH NAIK, Chief of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1861 ; succeeded to the gadi ist November 1886. Belongs to a 
 Bhil (aboriginal) family. The State (which is one of the Dang States of 
 Khandesh) has an area of 12 square miles; and a population of 16 71, chiefly 
 Bhils. 
 
 Residence. — Kirali, Khandesh, Bombay. 
 
 KIRAT CHAND (of Lambagraon), Mian. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mian being the brother of the late Raja 
 Partab Chand of Lambagraon, and the uncle of the present Raja, Jai Chand 
 (g.v.) of Lambagraon, who is the head of the great Katoch Rajput family of 
 Kangra. The Mian is the younger son of Mian Rudra Chand of Lamba- 
 graon, who was the grandson of the Raja Tegh Chand of Kangra, and who 
 became the head of the Kangra family on the failure of the elder branch. 
 
 Residence. — Lambagraon, Kingra, Punjab. 
 
 KIRPAL SINGH (of Dhin), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1836. The title is hereditary. The Sarddr is the head of a Jat 
 family of Sikhs, descended from Sardar Parsa Singh. The latter was the 
 nephew and heir of Sardar Sham Singh, who at the time of the decline of 
 the Mughal Empire came from the district of Amritsar, conquered the terri- 
 tory of Dhin in the Ambala district of the Punjab, and settled there. Parsa 
 Singh's grandson was the Sardar Ranjit Singh, who was slain by Kanh Singh, 
 and who was succeeded by his son, the present Sardar. 
 
 Residence. — Ambila, Punjab. 
 
256 THE GOLDEN BOOK OK INDIA 
 
 KIRPAL SINGH, KUNJAHIA (of Botala), Sarddr. 
 
 Born I S3 2. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Kshatriya family of 
 Sikhs, descended from Sardar Uhanna Singh. The latter was an associate of 
 Sarddr Nodh Singh, the great-grandfather of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and 
 he and his descendants followed the fortunes of the ancestors of Ranjit 
 Singh. Sardar Kiri^il Singh's father, Sardar Ganda Singh, was in attendance 
 on the Mahdraja Sher Singh when that prince was assassinated, and was 
 severely wounded in the endeavour to defend him, and was subsequently 
 killed at the battle of Firuzshahr, where Sardar Kirpal Singh was also 
 wounded. But at the time of the outbreak at jMultdn, Sardar Kirpdl Singh 
 was at Hazdra, and remained faithful to the British Government, and was 
 subsequently confirmed in hx^jagirs. His brother, Sarddr Partdb Singh {q.v.) 
 of Botdla, is an Extra Assistant Commissioner of the Punjab. 
 
 Residence. — Gujrdnwdia, Punjab. 
 
 KIRPAL SINGH, Sarddr, Hat BaMdur. 
 
 These titles are personal. The first (Sarddr) was conferred on 2nd 
 January 1888, and the second (Rai Bahadur) on 24th May 1889. 
 Residence. — Rdwalpindi, Punjab. 
 
 KISHAN. See Krishan and Krishna. 
 
 KISHAN DATT SINGH (of Oel), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1861 ; succeeded his father, the late Raja of Oel, on the i8th of 
 October 1879. The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred by 
 the late King of Oudh in 1S49, ^"^1 recognised by the British Government 
 .n December 1877. Belongs to the Janwar family of Kheri, Oudh, of 
 which the elder branch is represented by the Raja Achal Singh {q.v.) of 
 Kaimahra. But the late Rdjd of Oel, Rdjd Anrudh Singh, was recognised as 
 the head of the Kheri Janwars on account of his great wealth and ability. 
 The family were originally Chauhdn Rdjputs in the service of the Sayyids of 
 Pihdni, having migrated from Rdjputdna in the i6th century. In the time 
 of Sayyid Khurd, Jamni Khdn Janwar became Chaudhri of Kheri in 
 1553 A.D., with the right to levy a cess on all the lands in that Pargand. His 
 descendants gradually increased their possessions, the Chaudhri Parbal Singh 
 Janwar owning Oel, Kaimahra, and Khogi ; and his descendant, the Rai 
 Than Singh, of Oel, owning many more villages. In 183S Rai Umrao 
 Singh was the head of the f;imily. The Rai Bakht Singh, grandfather of the 
 late Rdjd Anrudh Singh, built a large and handsome temple at Oel. The 
 Raja has a son and heir, named Kunwar Baldeo Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Gel, Kheri, Oudh. 
 
 KISHAN KUMAR, RAI (of Sahaspur), R,ijd. 
 
 Born 25lh December 184S. The title of Rdjd is personal, and was con- 
 ferred on 24th May 1882, the family title being Rai. Belongs to a Kshatriya 
 (Rajput) family, said to have come from the Punjab, and settled in the district 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 257 
 
 of Morddabad, in the reign of the Emperor Muhammad Shah, by whom the 
 title of Rai was conferred on its then head. On the cession of Rohilkhand, 
 Rai Atma Ram, great-grandfather of the present Raja, was chakladdr of 
 Bijnor, and subsequently he entered the service of the British Government. 
 His grandson, the late Rai Pardaman Kishan, rendered good services during 
 the Mutiny of 185 7-5 S, assisting the British officers who had taken refuge at 
 Naini Tal by sending them money and information. For these services he 
 was rewarded with a grant of estates. The present Raja received a Medal of 
 Honour at the Imperial Assemblage of Delhi on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India; and a khilat ■3X the Agra Darbar of loth February 1879. He is an 
 Honorary Magistrate. He has a son and heir, Kunwar Raj Kumar. 
 Residence. — Sahaspur, Morddabad, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 KISHAN KUNWAR (of Rdmpur), Rani. 
 
 Born September 1857. The title is hereditary, the Raja of Rampur 
 being the acknowledged head of the Rahtor Rajputs in Northern India, and 
 boasting direct descent from the famous Jaichandra, the last Rahtor Raja of 
 Kanauj, who was slain in 1191 a.d., when the Empire of Kanauj was sub- 
 verted by Shahab-ud-din Ghori. Their Highnesses the Maharajas of Jodh- 
 pur and Bikanir (^.i'.) are descended from the eldest son of Jaichandra, the 
 former being the head of the whole Rahtor clan ; and the Raja of Rampur is 
 descended from his second son, who was named Jaipal. Prajanpal, the fifth 
 in descent from Jaipal, left Kanauj, and established himself at Khor, where 
 the family remained for many generations. There Jaideo, fourteenth in 
 descent from Jaipal, was attacked by Altamsh, and driven out after a siege of 
 twelve years. Eight generations later Karan Singh settled in the district of 
 Budaun. His great-grandson. Raja Pratap Rudra, received a grant of terri- 
 tory from the Nawab of Farukhabad for assisting him against the Rohillas ; 
 and subsequently the Raja Ramsahai, twenty-eighth in descent from Jaipal, 
 established the family residence at Rampur in Etah, where it still remains. 
 At the time of the cession of the territories of the Nawab to the British, 
 Nawal Singh was the Raja of Rampur, and his grandson, the late Raja Ram 
 Chandra Singh, was the husband of the present Rani. He died on 20th 
 May 1883, and was succeeded by his widow. The Rani has a grandson and 
 heir, named Lai Jagmohan Singh, born in 1877. 
 
 Residence. — Azamnagar, Etah, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 KISHAN PARTAB BAHADUR SAHAI (of Tamkuhi), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1848. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Bhuinhar Rajput 
 family, claiming descent from Mayur Bhat, more than a hundred generations 
 back. A descendant, named Raja Fateh Sahai, Bhuinhar Raja of Hoshiar- 
 pur in Saran, after the battle of Baksar in 1764, was driven from his Raj by 
 the troops of the East India Company, and settled on the Tamkuhi estates, 
 previously purchased by him, in Gorakhpur. Raja Fateh Sahai's grandson 
 was the father of the present Raja, and obtained from the British Govern- 
 ment the recognition of his title as hereditary. The Raja has a son and 
 heir, named Kunwar Satrajit Partab Bahadur Sahai, born 27th July 1864. 
 
 Residence. — Tamkuhi, Gorakhpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 s 
 
2S8 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 KISHAN SINGH (of Rai), J/idn. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Rajput family, descended from 
 Raja Indar Singh, who ruled in Shahpur in the Kangra district. He married 
 a daughter of the Katoch Raja of Kangra (see Jai Chand, Raja of Lamba- 
 graon, Kangra), whither he fled when driven out of his own territory by Raja 
 Pirthi Singh ; and his grandson, Mian Ishri Singh, father of the present 
 Mian, obtained a considerable yi^''/' from the Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra, 
 son of Raja Tegh Chand. Ishri Singh's sister was married to the Jammu 
 Raja, Dhian Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Rai, Kingra, Punjab. 
 
 KISHAN SINGH, Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1847. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Jat (Sikh) fanfiily, 
 descended from the Sardar Gurbakhsh Singh, who acquired some territory in 
 the Ambala district by conquest in 1759 a.d. The representatives of the 
 family rendered good service during the first Sikh war of 1845-46, and also 
 sX the time of the Mutiny in 1857. 
 
 Residence. — Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 KISHAN SINGH, MILMTAL, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 13th August 1850. The title was conferred on 12th December 
 1884, in recognition of his remarkable services to the State, and to science, 
 as an explorer in Nepal, Great Tibet, Mongolia, and elsewhere. Belongs to 
 a Rajburah family of Rajputs long settled in Kumdun, who, during the rule 
 of the Chands and Gurkhas there, held lease of the Parganas of Johar and 
 nhanpur. In 181 2 his father, Deo Singh, procured liie release of two 
 British subjects from Tibet. The Rai Bahadur has been deputed on explora- 
 tion duty four times ; and has received honours from the Royal Geographical 
 Society, and the Geographical Society of France, as well as substantial 
 rewards from the Government. 
 
 Residence. — Kumdun, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 259 
 
 KISHANGARH, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJ-ADHIRAJ 
 SARDUL SINGH BAHADUR, G.C.I.E., Mahdnijd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born loth December 1857 ; succeeded to the ,!^i7(f« 2Sth December 1879. 
 Is one of the Chiefs of the great Rahtor clan of Rajputs {see Jodhpur), and 
 
 belongs to the Kishansinghot sept or 
 sub-clan, so-called from Kishan Singh, 
 who was the founder of this State and 
 city, and was the second of the twelve 
 sons of Raja Udai Singh of Jodhpur, 
 nicknamed Mo/a Rdjd (the Fat Raja) 
 by the Emperor Akbar. His Highness 
 is a Hindu of the Ballabhkul Vaish- 
 nava sect, and was the son and successor 
 of the late Maharaja Pirthi Singh. 
 He was married in 1870 a.d. to the 
 eldest daughter of the Maharao Umed 
 Singhji of Sirohi, and on ist January 
 1892 was created a Knight Grand 
 Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire. His High- 
 ness has only one son, the Maharaj-Kunwar Madan Singh, born 2nd 
 November 1SS4, who is now the heir-apparent, as in March 1880 the Maha- 
 raja had the sorrow of losing an elder son when only five years old. The 
 Maharaja has two younger brothers — Maharaj Jawan Singhji, and Maharcij 
 Raghunath Singhji. The families most nearly related to His Highness are the 
 Rdjwiii (or royal) family groups of Fatehgarh and Ralaota, which are, how- 
 ever, connected with him only in the seventh and eighth degree of relation- 
 ship respectively. As descendant of the Mota Raja, Udai Singh of Jodhpur, 
 the Maharaja has sub-clan relationship with the Chiefs of Jodhpur and 
 Bikaner in Rajputana ; Ratlam, Jhabua, Sailana, Sitamau, and other Rahtor 
 chiefs in Central India ; and Idar in Gujarat. By marriage His Highness is 
 related to all the other great Rajput Houses, being himself the head of one of 
 the greatest and most illustrious ; viz., with the Sesodias of Udaipur and 
 Partabgarh, with the Kachhwahas of Jaipur and Alwar, the Hara houses of 
 Bundi and Kotah, the Bhatis of Jaisalmir, and the Jhalas and Shekhawats. 
 Among the more important of these matrimonial connections, which are 
 interesting as illustrating the inter-marriages of the most illustrious Rajput 
 Houses, may be mentioned the following : — 
 
 With the Sesodias of Udaipur {the family of-' The Sun of tJie Hindus"). 
 
 1. His Highness's grandmother (widow of the Mah^rAj.4 Mokham 
 Singh of Kishangarh) is a daughter of the MahArdnd Amar Singhji of 
 Udaipur. 
 
 2. His Highness's eldest sister is Dowager Mahdrdni of Udaipur, being 
 a widow of the late Mahdrdnd Sajan Singhji. 
 
 3. His Highness's son and heir-apparent, the Mahirdj-Kunwdr Madan 
 Singh, has been recently betrothed to the fourth daughter of His High- 
 ness the present Mahdrdnd Fateh Singhji. 
 
 TJie Kachhivdhas of faipur. 
 
 His Highness's third sister is married to the present Mahdrdjd Sawai 
 Madho Singhji, Chief of Jaipur, and is the Mahdrdni of Jaipur. 
 
26o THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Tlie Kachhwdhas of Akear. 
 
 His Highness's second sister was married to the late lamented Maha- 
 
 x&.yk Mangal Singhji, late Chief of Alwar, and was the (Pit) head Mah.i- 
 
 rini of Alwar. 
 The Haras of Buiidi . 
 
 1. The late Mahirdji Ramsingh of Rundi's mother was a Kishangarh 
 Princess. 
 
 2. His Highness's niece, a daughter of Mahdrdj JawAn Singhji, has 
 been recently betrothed to the younger brother of the present Mah;iraj.i 
 of Hundi. 
 
 The Jhdlds of JhdlAwdr. 
 
 His Highness's fourth and youngest sister is married to the Mahdrdj 
 Rdnd Zalim Singhji, present Chief of Jhdldwdr, and is the (Pit) head 
 Mahdrdni of JhdWwdr. 
 
 To the above may be added that His Highness's mother was a Princess 
 of the " Ranawat " (Sesodia) clan, being a daughter of the late Raja Dhiraj 
 Madho Singhji of Shahpura. In addition to the titles given above, formally 
 recognised by the Government as belonging to the Maharaja of Kishangarh, 
 His Highness also bears those of Umdai Rajhai and Buland Makati. The 
 area of the State is 724 square miles; its population is 112,633, chiefly 
 Hindus, but including 8492 Muhammadans and 6295 Jains. The Maha- 
 raja maintains a military force of 499 cavalr)', 2000 infantry, and 51 guns; 
 and is entitled to a salute of 15 guns. 
 
 Anns. — Argent, three towers proper, two and one ; in chief a Barry of 
 5 — gtilcs, vert, argent, azure, or. [This is the Riijput Pancharanga, see Jaipur.] 
 Supporters. — Two horses. Crest. — A falcon rising, proper. [This is the 
 sacred Garur, the cognisance of the R;ihtor Rajputs, see Jodhpur.] Motto. — 
 The Hindi words \iti Riti, meaning " Law and Usage." 
 
 Rcsuience. — Kishangarh, Rdjputdna. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 261 
 
 KISHOR SINGH (of Patehpur), Rdjd. 
 
 Born I St August 1S34; succeeded his father i6th March 1861. The 
 title is hereditary, having been originally granted by the Raja Kamal Nain, 
 Raj Gond Raja of Mandla. Belongs to an ancient Raj Gond family, that 
 claims an antiquity of more than 900 years in their present jagir of Fateh- 
 pur. The tradition in the family is that the jagir was granted to them in 
 939 A.D. An ancient sanad in the possession of the Raja records the grant 
 (or possibly the confirmation) of the jdgir to the family by the Raj Gond 
 Raja of Mandla in 1500 a.d. The Raja is an Honorary Magistrate, and has 
 two sons — Lai Thakur Singh and Lai ]\Lahip Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Fatehpur, Hoshangabad, Central Provinces. 
 
 KISHOR SINGH (of Ghamari), Rao. 
 
 Born 1 840. The title is hereditary, and the Raos of Chamari formerly 
 held great possessions in the Sagar district. The title was originally con- 
 ferred by the Raja Mori Pahludh of Chanderi, and; has been recognised by 
 the British Government. The Rao has two sons, the elder (who has the 
 courtesy title of Diwan) being Diwan Parichhat Singh Jangjit, and the 
 younger being Jujhar Singh. 
 
 Residence.— Gviim&.x\, Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 KODE NARAYANASWAMI NAYUDU, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1846. The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 
 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious 
 ^Lijesty. Entered the Government service in 1874; has rendered good 
 service both in the Central Provinces and in Madras. During the Rumpa 
 and Gudiem disturbances, 1879-86, served with much distinction in the 
 Madras Police, and again in the Golugonda Hill disturbances of 1891. 
 
 Residence. — Vizianagram, \''izagapatam, Madras. 
 
262 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 KOLHAPUR, HIS HIGHNESS SHAHU CHHATRAPATI 
 MAHARAJ, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1875 ; succeeded to the gat/i as a minor on i 7th March 1884. Is 
 a descendant of the Mahratta family of Sivaji the Great, the founder of the 
 Mahratta Empire, being descended from Raja Ram, his second son, and 
 husband of the famous Tara Bai. Sivaji's elder son Sambhaji was taken 
 prisoner by the Emperor Aurangzeb, and ultimately executed ; and his son 
 Shahu was long detained in prison by the Mughals, but obtained his liberty 
 in 1707, fixed his capital at Satdra, and asserted his rights as the heir of 
 his grandfather Sivaji. Meanwhile Raja Ram had died, and his widow, Tara 
 Bii, a woman of great ability and courage, assumed the administration of 
 Kolhapur in the name of her elder son Sivaji II., who was an idiot child of ten 
 years, and proclaimed him Raja of the Mahrattas. The latter died in 171^, 
 when his half-brother Sambhaji (son of Raj;i Rrim by another wife) succeeded 
 him, and removed Tara Bai from the administration. The contending 
 claims of Shahu, Rdjd of Sdtdra, and Sambhaji, Rdjd of Kolhdpur, were at 
 length settled in 1731, when precedence was surrendered to Sdtdra, and the 
 independence of Kolhdpur acknowledged. In iSi i a treaty with the British 
 Power was concluded, by which Kolhdpur became a feudatory ; and as the 
 Rdjd remained faithful to the British cause in the war against the Peshwd in 
 1817, he received some additional territor)-. A descendant, Sivaji III., died in 
 1866, and on his deathbed was allowed to adopt his sister's son, Rdjd Ram. 
 In 1870 Rdjd Rdm visited Europe, and died at Florence on his return 
 journey. His adopted son was Sivaji Mahdrdjd Chhatrapati IV., who was 
 made a Knight of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. He became 
 insane, and the (lovernment appointed a relative, the Chief of Kdgal, as 
 Regent. Sivaji IV. died in December 1S83, and was succeeded, by adop- 
 tion, by His Highness the present Rdjd, who was the eldest son of the 
 Regent. The area of the State is 2816 square miles; and its population is 
 800, 189, chiefly Hindus, but including 33,022 Muhammadans and 46,732 
 Jains. The Rdjd has eleven feudatory Chiefs subordinate to him, of whom 
 the most important are those of N'ithalgarh, Bdvda, Kapshi, Kdgal, Ichal- 
 karanji Torgal, and Oatva. His Highness, with his feudatories, maintains a 
 militar)' force of 255 cavalry, 1902 infantry, and 67 guns; and is entitled to 
 a salute of 19 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Kolhdpur, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 263 
 
 KONDKA, MAHANT SHAM KISHOR DAS, Mahant of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S38; succeeded to the ^^a^/ 13th December 1887. Belongs to 
 a Bairagi (Hindu) family of Mahants, or Chief Priests, the regulations of his 
 order permitting marriage. The area of the State is 174 square miles; its 
 population is 32,979, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Kondka, Raipur, Central Provinces. 
 
 KOREA, RAJA PRAN SINGH DEO, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1857 ; succeeded to the gadi 4th April 1864 as a minor. Belongs 
 to a Rajput (Hindu) family, claiming descent from a Chauhan Rajput Chief 
 named Dhawa! Singh, who came to Korea from Rajputana about 600 years 
 ago, and conquered the country. The title of Raja is hereditary in the 
 family from early times, and was formally conferred by the British Govern- 
 ment in 1875. The area of the State (which is one of the Chota Nagpur 
 Tributarj' Mahals) is 1631 square miles; and its population is 29,846, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Korea, Mdnbhum, Chota Nagpur, Bengal. 
 
264 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 KOTAH, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAO UMED SINGH 
 
 BAHADUR, Mahdrao of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1873; succeeded to the gadi nth June 1889. Like His High- 
 ness the Mahdrao Raja of Bundi, the Maharao is one of the chiefs of the 
 Hard sept of the great Chauhan clan of Rdjputs — Kotah forming with Bundi 
 the tract known for centuries as Hdrdoti, after the name of that sept. Is 
 descended from Madhu Singh, the second son of the Rao Ratan of Bundi, 
 who about the year 1625 A.n. was granted the feudatory Chiefship of Kotah 
 and its dependencies, for his services to the Emperor Jahdngir against his re- 
 bellious son, who afterwards became the Emperor Shah Jahan. Similar ser\Mces 
 to the latter Emperor were rendered by Madhu Singh's son and successor, 
 Mokand Singh ; who, with three of his brothers, fell in a battle at Ujjain 
 against Shah Jahdn's rebellious son, who afterwards became the Emperor 
 Aurangzeb. Mokand Singh was succeeded by his son Jagat Singh. Early 
 in the present century, Kotah, greatly weakened by intestine dissensions, was 
 attacked by Jaipur and by the Mahrattas, to whom it became tributary. It 
 was only saved from ruin by the extraordinary abilities of its great Minister, 
 Zalim Singh, to whom the Maharao gave up the active task of ruling the 
 State. During a Ministry of forty-five years Zalim Singh raised the State of 
 Kotah to great pros])erity Ultimately, in 1838, it was arranged that Zalim 
 Singh's descendants should receive independent charge of a part of the State, 
 as feudatories of the Empire ; and this part became a separate Principality, 
 under the name of Jhalawar (ij.v.) The late Maharao, Chhatra Sal Singh, 
 succeeded his father in iS65; and on his death in 1889 was succeeded by 
 his adopted son, the present Mahdrao, as a minor. His Highness is at 
 present a student in the Mayo College, Ajmir ; he is as yet unmarried, but 
 is betrothed to a daughter of His Highness the Maharand of Udaipur, which 
 is the most illustrious marriage that can be made by a Hindu Prince. The 
 area of the State is 3797 square miles; its population is 51 7,275, chiefly 
 Hindus, hut including 32,866 Muhanimadans and 4750 Jains. His Highness 
 maintains a military force of 949 cavalry, 5756 infantry, and 148 guns, and is 
 entitled to a salute of 1 7 guns. The family banner is orange in colour, 
 displaying a figure of the Garur or sacred falcon of the Hara Rajputs. 
 
 Residence. — Kotah, Rdj putdna. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 265 
 
 KOTHARIA, JAREJA JBTHIJI, Tdlukddr of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 182S ; succeeded to the gadi 8th January 1857. The State, which 
 is tributary to the Nawab of Junagarh, has an area of 6 square miles, and 
 a population of 2366, chiefly Hindus. The Chief maintains a military force 
 of 4 cavalry and 38 infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Kothdria, Kdthidwdr. 
 
 KOTHI, RAJA BAHADUR BHAGWAT BAHADUR SINGH, 
 
 Jidjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1852; succeeded to the gadt 5th June 1887. Belongs to a 
 Baghel Rajput family (Hindu); his father was Raja Ran Bahadur Singh; 
 and the family have been seated in Kothi for a great many years, and 
 were confirmed in possession by the British Government. The area of the 
 State is 90 square miles; its population is 18,386, chiefly Hindus. The 
 Raja maintains a military force of 35 cavalry, 210 infantry, and 4 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Kothi, Baghelkhand, Central India. 
 
 KOTHIDE, BHUMIA MOTI SINGH, Bhumia of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1850; succeeded to the gadi in i860. Belongs to a Bhilala 
 family. The population of the State is about 500. 
 Residence. — Kothide, Bhopawar, Central India. 
 
 KOTI, Chief of 
 
 Is a feudatory of the Raja of Keonthal (^.t'.), and rules over one of the 
 Simla Hill States. 
 
 Residence. — Koti, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 KOTRA SANGANI, THAKUR MULVAJI TOGAJI, Thdkur of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Bom 1873; succeeded to \h& gadi as a minor 23rd November 1887. 
 Belongs to a Jareja Rajput family. The area of his State is 74 square 
 miles ; its population is 8642, chiefly Hindus. The Thakur maintains a 
 military force of 8 cavalry, 142 infantry, and 4 guns. 
 
 Residence — Kotra Sangani, Kdthiiwar. 
 
 KOTTAYAM, KERALA VARMA RAJA, Valiya Rdjd of 
 
 Born 1842. Belongs to a family that claims to be of Kshatriya origin, 
 and to have come from the east and acquired sovereignty in Wainad. 
 Subsequently they appear to have acquired some territory from the Raja of 
 
266 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Chitrakal in Malabar, either by a gift or in war. On Haidar's invasion of 
 Malabar the Raja and all his family fled to Travancore; returned in 1782, 
 but fled to Travancore a second time on Tippu's invasion in 1789, and died 
 there. The family, like that of the Zamorin of Calicut and other Chiefs of 
 Malabar, follows the Marumakkatayam law of inheritance, by which the 
 succession is to the offspring of its female members, among whom the next 
 eldest male after the Raja is his heir-apparent. The late Valiya Rdjd of 
 Kottayam was called Shangara Varma Raja ; and he was succeeded by the 
 present \'aliya Raja under the Manimakkatayam law. He receives an 
 allowance from Government in compensation for the estate that belonged 
 to his ancestors. 
 
 Residence. — Malabar, Madras. 
 
 KOURE KHAN, JATOI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Honorary Magistrate of Muzaftargarh. Created a Khan Bahadur, as a 
 personal distinction, 2nd January 1893. 
 Residence. — Muzaffargarh, Punjab. 
 
 KRISHAN DATT RAM (of Singha Chanda), Hdjd. 
 The title is personal, and was recognised in 1877. 
 Residence. — Gonda, Oudh. 
 
 KRISHNA CHANDAR RAI, Rai Baluidur. 
 
 Born in 1823. The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th July 
 1885, "for long and meritorious service under Government." The Rai 
 Bahddur rendered excellent service as Deputy-Magistrate and I )cput)'-Collector 
 of Diamond Harbour. Belongs to an okl Baidya family, formerly of Mur- 
 shidabad, now settled in the Dacca district, and known as the Baira Rais ; 
 descended from Sri Chandra Rai, who served under the Nawdb Shaista 
 Khdn, and received from him a khilat. Educated at Dacca College : 
 appointed to the service of the Government of Bengal in 1841. Is an 
 Honorary Presidency Magistrate of Calcutta, Vice-President of the East 
 Bengal Association, etc. He has five sons — I^lit Chandra Rai, physician, 
 born 1852 ; Vipina Chandra Rai, D.L., of the Judicial Service, born 1S54 ; 
 Hem Chandra Rai, .M.A., B.L., born 1S64; Sarat Chandra Rai, B.L., born 
 1867 ; Gnan Chandra Rai, B.A., bom 1870. 
 
 Residence. — Baira, M.lnikganj, Dacca, Bengal. 
 
 KRISHNA NATH, PANDIT, NYAYAPANCHANANA, 
 Malidinahopddhydxa. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th May 1892, 
 in recognition of his eminence as a Sanskrit Scholar. It entitles him to 
 take rank in Darbdr immediately after titular Rdjds. The title Nydyapan- 
 chdnana is a literary title or degree, conferred by the learned Pandits of the 
 Sanskrit University of Navadwipa or Nadiyd, and refers to proficiency 
 in the Nydya school of logic. 
 
 Residence. — Purbasthali, Nadiyd, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 267 
 
 KRISHNA PERTAP SINGH SAHI, K.C.I.B. (of Hutwa), 
 
 Mahdrdjd Bahadur. See Hatwa. 
 
 KRISHNA SAH, LALA, Jiai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1 8th March 1S56. The title was conferred on 2nd January iSSS, 
 as a personal distinction, in recognition of his services as an Honorary 
 Magistrate and Member of the Municipal Commission of Nainital. Is the 
 son of the late Lala Moti Ram Sah, the well-known banker, who rendered 
 distinguished services to the Government in the time of the Mutiny in 1857, 
 and received a handsome reward for them. Belongs to a Rajput family of 
 the North-Western Provinces. 
 
 Residence. — Nainitdl, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 KRISHNA SAHAI, LALA, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 2nd April 1824. The title was conferred on 2nd January 1888, as 
 a personal distinction, in recognition of his services as an Honorary Magistrate 
 and Member of the District Board of Meerut. The family has from time 
 immemorial been bankers and landowners in the North-Western Provinces. 
 
 Residence. — Meerut, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 KRISHNA SINGH, PANDIT (Thakur of Bhoar), MaMmahopddhydya. 
 
 The title is a personal one, and was conferred on ist January 1890, for 
 eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in Darbar 
 immediately after titular Rajas. 
 
 Residence.— 'S\\03.x, Madhubani, Darbhanga, Bengal. 
 
 KRISHNAJI LAKSHMAN NALKAR, CLE., The Hon. 
 
 A Member of the Viceroy's Legislative Council. Was created a 
 Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, ist January 
 1888. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 KRISHNALAL OCHAVRAM, Rao Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 30th July 1886. 
 Residence. — Ahmadabad, Bombay. 
 
 KRISHNARAO GAJANAND, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 30th July 1886. 
 Residence. — Ratnagiri, Bombay. 
 
 KRISHNARAO MALHARRAO, Vishwasrao. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Khindesh, Bombay. 
 
268 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 KRISTENDRA RAI (of Bolihar), Rdjd Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on i6th February 1S87, as a personal distinction, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Majesty. He belongs to 
 an old Kulin Brahman family, originally called Sanyal, and long settled at 
 Bolihar in the district of Rajshahi, Bengal. Is descended from Ram Rai 
 Sdnyal, whose grandson was Ram Chandra Rai. His grandson was the Rdjd 
 Rajendra Rai, whose adopted son was the Rajd Shiva Prasdd Rai, father of 
 the present Rdjd Bahddur. He rendered good service to the Government 
 during the scarcity of 1874. 
 
 Residence. — Bolihar, Rdjshdhi, Bengal. 
 
 KRISTO CHANDAR GHOSH, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 18S8, for good 
 service in the 0[)ium Department. 
 Residence. — Bankipur, Bengal. 
 
 KSHETRA CHANDRA ADITYA, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The Rai Bahddur has rendered good service in the Military Accounts 
 Department, and received the title as a personal distinction on 25th 
 May 1892. 
 
 Residence. — Simla. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 269 
 
 KUCH BBHAR, LIEUT. - COLONEL HIS HIGHNESS MAHA- 
 RAJA SIR NRIPBNDRA NARAYAN BHUP BAHADUR, 
 G.C.I.B., Maharaja of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 4th October 1862 ; succeeded his father, the late Maharaja 
 Narendra Narayan Bhup Bahadur, in August 1863. Belongs to a Kochi 
 family that has held uninterrupted sovereignty for the last 382 years in this 
 territory, since their first settlement in the plains ; from which family also 
 descend the Bijni and Darung Houses of Assam, the Raikats of Baikanthapur 
 [f.v.) in Jalpaiguri, and the Panga family in Rangpur. His Highness was 
 iducaied.frsf, in the Wards Institute at Benares ; secondly, under the guardian- 
 ship of Mr. H. St. J. Kneller, in the Bankipur College, Patna, and next as a 
 Law Student in the Presidency College, Calcutta. During his minority the 
 state rendered good service in the Bhutan war 1863-65, for which two 
 juns were presented to His Highness by the British Government. Was 
 presented with medal and sword in 1877 at the Imperial Assemblage at 
 Delhi, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India. Married, in March 1878, the eldest daughter of the 
 'amous Reformer, Kesub Chander Sen. Was sent to England the same year 
 :o complete his education, under the joint guardianship of Surgeon-Major 
 now Sir) Benjamin Simpson and Mr. Kneller. Returned to India in the 
 spring of 1879, and was formally installed on his ancestral gadi or^ the 8th 
 November 1883, by the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal. The titles of 
 Maharaja Bhup Bahadur were recognised as hereditary by the Government 
 3f India in 1885. His Highness was appointed Honorary Major in the 
 British Army in the same year. He visited England in the Jubilee year 
 1 88 7, to take part in the rejoicings on the occasion of the Jubilee of the 
 reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty, with the Maharani and children, and 
 (vas invested with the Insignia of Grand Commander of the Most Eminent 
 Order of the Indian Empire by Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen 
 Empress herself, the Maharani being invested with the Imperial Order of the 
 Crown of India in the same year. Was made Honorary Aide-de-camp to 
 His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel 
 in- the British Army. The Maharaja in 1888 established the Brahmo Somaj 
 or the Reformed Church in the State of Kuch Behar. He founded the 
 V^ictoria College for higher education therein, and granted a long term 
 settlement of revenue to his subjects for thirty years, assessments being 
 made on the most approved principles. His Highness established the India 
 Club at Calcutta in 1882, founded Nripendra Narayan Hall at Jalpaiguri in 
 1883, and presented house and lands at Darjiling, wherewith the Lowis 
 Jubilee Sanitarium was started at that station in 1887, and established the 
 "Anandamayi Dharmasala" (almshouse) in 1889. The Maharaja's age is 
 now thirty, and he has issue, four sons and two daughters. While in 
 England in 1887 he received the distinguished masonic honour of Past 
 Grand Senior Warden of England at the hands of the Most Worshipful the 
 Grand Master, made District Grand Master of Bengal in 1890, installed 
 District Grand Mark Master of Bengal, 1891. 
 
 The area of the State is 1307 square miles; its population is 602,624, 
 chiefly Hindus, but including 174,539 Muhammadans. His Highness main- 
 
270 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 tains a military force of 9 cavalrj', 176 infantry, and 4 guns, and is entitled 
 to a salute of 13 guns. The ancestral banner of the family displays a sword 
 and a blade of grass (with which, according to tradition, one of the Maharaja's 
 ancestors cut off the head of an enemy as an offering to the Goddess Kali). 
 The supporters are a tiger and an elephant. The crest is a " Hanuman," 
 holding a club in each hand. 
 
 Residences. — Kuch Behar, Bengal ; Calcutta ; Darjiling. 
 
 \ 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 271 
 
 KUDRAT AZIZ. See Muhammad Kudrat Aziz. 
 
 KUDRAT-ULLA, SHAIKH, Khdii Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 12th October i860. 
 Residence. — Birbhum, Bengal. 
 
 KUMARA VENKATA PERUMAL RAZ (of Kdrvetnagar), Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary, having been in the family from early times, and 
 confirmed by the British Government in 1802. Is the son of the late Raja 
 of Kdrvetnagar, Raja Kumara Bomma Raz. Belongs to a family that was 
 called the Bomma Raz (or " Bomrauze ") family, that rose to power in the 
 district of North Arcot about 200 years ago, in consequence of the decline of 
 the Vijayanagar dynasty. The family cognisance is a white flag with the 
 device of a boar on its field ; the family motto, borne on its seal, is Kdrvet- 
 nagar Venugopdlaswdmi Sahdyam, meaning " May Venugopalaswami — the 
 deity of Kdrvetnagar — assist." 
 
 Residence. — Kdrvetnagar, North Arcot, Madras. 
 
 KUMHARSAIN, RANA HIRA SINGH, Rdnd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Bom 1851 ; succeeded to the gadi 12th November 1874. Belongs to a 
 Rajput family, whose founder, Kirat Singh, came from Gaya about 1000 a.d., 
 and acquired possession of the State by conquest. The State, formerly a 
 feudatory of Bashahr, was taken under direct British protection after the 
 expulsion of the Gurkhas in 1815, by a sanad dated February 18 16. Rana 
 Kehr Singh died without issue in 1839, and in consideration of his early 
 attachment to British interests during the Gurkha war, the Government 
 confirmed the State to a collateral heir of the family named Rana Pritam 
 Singh. His successor was the Rana Bhawani Singh, who was succeeded in 
 1874 by the present Rana. The area of the State, which is one of the Simla 
 Hill States, is 94 square miles; its population is 9515, chiefly Hindus. The 
 Rana maintains a mihtary force of 45 infantry and i gun. 
 
 Residence. — Kumharsain, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 KUMUD KRISHNA SINGH (of Susang), Mahdrdjd. 
 See Susang, Mahdrdjd of. 
 
 KUN KYI (SAWBWA), Kyet Thaye zaung sMve Salwe ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 17th April 1890. It means 
 " Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour," and is indicated by the letters 
 K.S.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Mone, Burma. 
 
272 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 KUNHIAR, THAKUR TEGH SINGH, Thdkurof. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1836; succeeded to the gadi in 1867. Belongs to a Rdjput 
 (Hindu) family ; descended from Bhoj Deo, who in early times came from 
 Jammu, and conquered this territory. The State was overrun by the 
 Gurkhas at the beginning of the century ; but on their expulsion by the 
 British in 1815, it was confirmed to Rao Puran Deo, the then Thakur, by a 
 w«rt</ dated 4th September 181 5. The present Thakur succeeded Rao 
 Kishan Singh on the death of the latter in 1867. The area of the State is 
 9 square miles ; its population is 1923, chiefly Hindus. The Thakur has a 
 son named Shib Singh, and maintains a military force of 20 infantry. 
 
 Resitienie. — Kunhiar, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 KUNJAL SINGH (of Bhdtgaon), Edjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Belongs to a family descended from Jogi Rai, 
 who was the Diwan of Kalyan Sai, Raja of Ratnapur. 
 Rcsickncc. — Bhdtgaon, Bildspur, Central Provinces. 
 
 KURANDWAD (Senior Branch), CHINTAMAN RAO RAGHU- 
 
 NATH, alias BALA SAHEB PAT\»S^ARDHAN, Chief of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 14th February 1850; succeeded to the gadi 25th January 1876. 
 Belongs to a Konkanasth Brdhman (Hindu) family, claiming descent from 
 Hari Rath, of Kotwadi. His descendant, Trimbak Rao of Kotwadi in the 
 Konkan, obtained Kurandwdd in ifidtti, and was succeeded by his son, 
 Nilkanta Rao, who received the saranjam and the title of Sarddr from the 
 Peshwd. The Chief has a son and heir named Bhalchandra Rao, with 
 the title of "Anna Saheb." The area of the State, which is in the Southern 
 Mahratta country, is 182 square miles; its population is 35,187, chiefly 
 Hindus, but including 3409 Muhammadans. The Chief maintains a 
 military force of 10 cavalry, 164 infantry, and 2 guns. 
 
 There are three chiefs of Kurandwdd, all of the Patwardhan family, the 
 Bdla Saheb Patwardhan being the Chief of that division of the State that is 
 known as " Kurandwdd (senior branch)," — being rather a larger part ; while 
 the Bdpu Saheb Patwardhan and the Daji Saheb Patwardhan are jointly the 
 Chiefs of that part that is known as " Kurandwdd (junior branch)." 
 
 Residence. — Kurandw;td, Southern Mahratta Countr>', Bombay. 
 
 KURANDWAD (Junior Branch), GANPAT RAO HARIHAR, 
 alias BAPU SAHEB PATWARDHAN, Chief of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1839; succeeded to the gadi 5th April 1854. Belongs to a 
 Konkanasth Brdhman family (see Kurandwdd, senior branch). Shares the 
 Chiefship of this State with the Daji Saheb Patwardhan. The State has 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 273 
 
 an area of 114 square miles, and a population of 25,811, chiefly Hindus, 
 but including 2548 Muhammadans. The Chiefs maintain a military force of 
 12 cavalry, 306 infantry, and i gun. 
 
 Residence. — Kurandwdd, Southern Mahratta Country, Bombay. 
 
 KURANDWAD (Junior Branch), HARIHAR RAO VINAYAK, 
 
 alias DAJI SAHEB PATWARDHAN, Chief of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S52 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 5th April 1854. Belongs 
 to a Konkanasth Brahman (Hindu) family (see Kurandwdd, senior branch). 
 Shares the Chiefship of this State with the Bapu Saheb Patwardhan {vide supra). 
 
 Residince. — Kurandwid, Southern Mahratta Country, Bombay. 
 
 KURWAI, NAWAB MUNAWAR ALI KHAN, Nawdb of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1869; succeeded to the gadi 15th January 1887. Belongs to a 
 Pathan (Muhammadan) famih', descended from Nawab Dalel Khan, an 
 Afghan leader. His descendant, the Nawab Muhammad Nazaf Khan, 
 succeeded to the gadi in 1858. Having rendered good service to Govern- 
 ment, and being without male issue, he was permitted to adopt his grandson, 
 the son of his eldest daughter, who is the present Nawab. The family 
 banner is green, bearing on its field a crescent. The area of the State is 
 about 140 square miles; its population is 24,631, chiefly Hindus, but 
 including 3609 Muhammadans. The Nawab maintains a military force of 
 12 cavalry, 190 infantry, and 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Kurwai, Bhopdl, Central India. 
 
 KUSALPURA, Thdkur of See Kassalpura. 
 
274 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 COURAGE-ANDCONFIDENCE 
 
 KUTCH, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAO SHRI MIRZA RAJA 
 SAWAI SIR KHENGARJI BAHADUR, G.C.I.B., JRao of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born i6th August 1867; succeeded to the gadi 19th December 1875. 
 Is Chief of the Jareja Rajputs, who came to Kutch from Sind early in the 
 
 14th century, under the leadership of his 
 ancestor, the Jam Ldkha Phulani, son of 
 Jara, from whom the clan takes its name. 
 Lakha is said to have completed the con- 
 quest of Kutch in the year 1320 a.d. His 
 descendant, Khengdr, when only a lad of 
 fourteen, slew a lion with his sword at a 
 hunting party with the King of Ahmadabad, 
 who was so much pleased with this feat that 
 he conferred on the young prince the 
 territory of Morvi, in the north of Kathiawdr, 
 wiih the title of Rao. After this the Rao 
 Khengdr succeeded in making himself the 
 master of the whole of Kutch, with the 
 city of Bhuj for his capital, in 1548 a.d. 
 Khengar's uncle, the Jam Rdwal, fled to 
 Kdthidwdr, and founded the State of Nawanagar, the rulers of which are still 
 called Jams. The Rao Khengdr I. was succeeded by Rao Bharmal I., 
 during whose reign, from 1585 to 163 1 a.d., the government of Gujarat 
 passed from the Kings of .'\hmadabad to the Mughal Emperors. Bharmal, 
 who was at the head of a large military force, visited the Emperor Jahdngir 
 in 161 7, and received from him most costly presents, including his own 
 horse, elephants, dagger, and a sword with diamond-mounted hilt. A de- 
 scendant, Rao Lakhpatji, who reigned from 1741 to 1760 a.d., set up a 
 cannon-foundr)', and introduced other manufactures from Europe by the aid 
 of an adventurer named Ranisingh ; and the mechanical skill and working in 
 metals, for which the craftsmen of Kutch are still famous, date from this reign. 
 In 1809 the rulers of Kutch sought British help ; the Rao Raidhan II. being 
 on the gadi, but the administration of the State being carried on by a very 
 powerful and ambitious Prime Minister named Fatheh Muhammad. A treaty 
 was signed in that year, and again another in 181 2. In 18 13 both Fatheh 
 Muhammad and the Rao died. The latter was succeeded by his son, Rao 
 Bharmal II. ; but there was so much disorder in the State that the British 
 Power was compelled to inter\cne, and to send troops into the Principality 
 in 1816, and again in 1 818-19. On the latter occasion the Rao was 
 deposed, and his son, the Rao Desaiji II., succeeded as a minor, and ruled 
 happily for more than forty years, till 1 860. He took vigorous measures to 
 supjjress infanticide, sati (or the burning of widows on the funeral pile of 
 their deceased husbands), and the trade in slaves. On the death of Rao 
 Desaiji in i860, the dovcrnment of Bombay thus recorded the official 
 appreciation of his career : " Marked by a love of truth and plain dealing, 
 Rao Desaiji was probably more than any one else in Kutch learned in the 
 traditions and customs of the Province. He was a careful and painstaking 
 judge, and a staunch and devoted ally of the British Government. With the 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 275 
 
 help of a few Chiefs and Court servants he managed the wliole business of 
 the country, and by his knowledge of their character, friendly intercourse, 
 and timely concessions, avoided any struggle with the Jareja chiefs." The 
 "Jareja chiefs'' referred to are the Bhdyad — brotherhood or frcrage of the 
 ruling family, being all descendants of the first Rao. The Rao Desalji II. 
 was succeeded by his late Highness the Maharao Pragmalji, father of the 
 present Rao. During the fifteen years of his rule, i860 to 1875, ^^ showed 
 himself anxious to improve the management of the State. He framed codes 
 for the guidance of his officers in matters of civil and criminal justice, he 
 undertook works of public usefulness, and introduced State systems of public 
 instruction and of vaccination. In recognition of his excellent administra- 
 tion he was in 187 1 honoured with the title of Knight Grand Commander of the 
 Star of India. Unlike his forefathers, none of whom left Kutch, he thrice 
 visited Bombay — in 1S70 to meet His Royal Highness the Duke of Edin- 
 burgh, in 187 I to take part in a Chapter of the Star of India, and in October 
 1875 to meet His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. These happy visits 
 are marked by important public works dedicated to their Royal Highnesses 
 — the Albert Edward Breakwater and Harbour Works at Mandvi, which 
 have cost over 12 lacs of rupees, and the Alfred High School at Bhuj, the pro- 
 vincial centre of education ; and the establishment of two " Rao Shri 
 Pragmalji Scholarships " in the Elphinstone College, and two in Sir Jariisetji 
 Jijibhai's School of Art, Bombay. His Highness Rao Pragmalji was described 
 by the British authorities as " most enlightened and liberal," as well as a 
 " loyal, consistent, and devoted friend " of the British Government. Rao 
 Pragmalji built a palace at Bhuj at a cost of about Rs.20, 00,000 ; con- 
 structed the Pragsar Tank, which is an immense reservoir of rain water in 
 the Chadwa range of hills, and a causeway in the large Hamirsar tank ; he 
 also built the Jail (Rs.7g,5o9), the Hospital, the Horse and Elephant 
 Stables {Rs.1,84,303), and the Schools at Bhuj and Mandvi; remitted 
 transit duties, and occasionally remitted import duties in times of scarcity or 
 deficient rainfall. He ordered out cotton gins, and introduced screw presses, 
 and finished the Bhuj-Mandvi road. He was a great sportsman, and killed 
 many wild animals, including a number of panthers. The total expenditure 
 on public works started during His Highness Rao Pragmalji's reign amounted 
 to Rs.32,41,435. He was succeeded in 1876 by His Highness the present 
 Maharaja, Rao Khengarji, who was described at that time by the British 
 Political Agent as "a most promising boy of ten." In 1877 Sir Richard 
 Temple, as Governor of Bombay, visited the State, and complimented the 
 young Prince on his general progress, and on the accuracy and ease with 
 which he could converse in English — his education having been mainly in 
 the hands of M. Chhotalal Tewakram and Captain J. W. Wray of the Staff 
 Corps. He was admitted into the Council of Administration, at an unusually 
 early age, in 1882 ; and on nth August 1884, having attained his majority 
 of eighteen years of age, he was invested with full powers of State. On 
 14th November of that year Sir James Fergusson, as Governor of Bombay, 
 visited Bhuj, and held a grand Darbar for the purpose of formally installing 
 His Highness, in the name of the Queen Empress, as Rao of Kutch. In 
 the course of his speech on that occasion Sir James Fergusson said : " I 
 venture to augur very favourably of His Highness's reign. His natural intelli- 
 gence has been well developed, his mind has been instructed by a liberal 
 education, he possesses a complete knowledge of the circumstances and 
 
276 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 wants of his country and people, but more hopeful still are his disposition 
 and character. The frequent opportunities which I have had of judging of 
 them, as well as the unanimous testimony of those who have known him 
 from childhood, convince me that he possesses a kind heart as well as a clear 
 judgment, and cherishes a resolute adherence to the call of duty. These 
 qualities are not unknown to his subjects, and they cannot fail to deepen 
 their hereditary attachment to his family and person, which is so remarkable. 
 It may indeed actuate him to deserve and reciprocate it. I doubt not that 
 it will. 1 shall deem myself very ignorant of character if His Highness does 
 not realise our best anticipations." 
 
 On the 2nd March 1885 a Darbar was held at the Bhuj Palace for the 
 investiture of His Highness with the hereditary distinction of "Sawai 
 Bahadur," conferred on the rulers of Kutch by the British Government. In 
 1887 His Highness proceeded to England to represent the Princes of the 
 Bombay Presidency on the occasion of the celebration of the Jubilee of the 
 Queen Empress, and during his absence he entrusted his State to his Diwan, 
 Rao Bahadur Motilal Liilbhai. 
 
 Whilst in England His Highness was created a Knight Grand Com- 
 mander of the Indian Empire. He takes a deep interest in education, and 
 especially in the education of women. He founded a Sanskrit school or 
 Pathshala, at a cost of Rs.25,000, and named it after his mother. He also 
 founded the Fergusson Museum and Library at Bhuj, an institution erected 
 as a memorial of the Governorship of Sir James Fergusson. This last cost 
 Rs.32,000. To encourage learning he has founded various scholarships of more 
 or less importance, and has also inaugurated a fund from which deserving 
 scholars desirous to study in England or America can obtain their expenses. 
 Among the scholarships for females may be mentioned the one to Kutch 
 females attending the Grant Medical College in Bombay, the " Kutch Barton 
 Scholarship " to Kutch females attending the Training College at Ahmadabad 
 or Rdjkot, scholarships for female assistant-teachers at Bhuj, the Rao Shri 
 Khengdrji scholarships, and one for girls attending the High School at Puna. 
 For males the Rao has founded scholarships for Kutchis receiving scientific 
 and technical education in England, for students receiving agricultural or 
 other scientific education in India, for Kutchis attending the Veterinary 
 College at Bombay, the Veterinary School at Puna and the College of Science 
 at Puna ; also scholarships open to any citizen of Bombay attending the 
 Ripon Technical School, Bombay ; and further gives annual prizes for quali- 
 fying for any professional function in connection with a mill, and for the work 
 ot a captain of a steamer. It should be mentioned that the scholarships for 
 Kutchis resident in Bombay alone were established at a total cost of 
 Rs.25,000. As a further stimulus to education, and especially with the 
 object of encouraging native talent and spreading knowledge amongst the 
 people, the Darbdr annually commissions competent persons to write essays 
 on various subjects, and to translate standard English works into the Gujardti 
 language. 
 
 In the matter of public works considerable improvements have been 
 effected within recent years in connection with the extension of roads, the 
 pier and reclamation works, and the erection of new buildings. Since the 
 accession of His Highness to the ,i;<uii the expenditure incurred by the Darbdr 
 on works of public utility has amounted to Rs.66,24,672. 
 
 Great attention is paid by His Highness to well-irrigation, which has been 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 277 
 
 found by experience to be most suited to the peculiar requirements of the 
 Province, the rainfall being limited and precarious. Other means of irriga- 
 tion have also been adopted. Under his guidance strenuous efforts have 
 also been made in the direction of reclamation of waste land. In the course 
 of the last fifteen years the number of acres of waste land brought under the 
 plough amount to 83,890, and fifteen new villages have been established. 
 
 His Highness is a thorough sportsman, fond of pig-sticking, shooting, and 
 all manly exercises. He is, moreover, a firm though conciliatory ruler, and 
 is regarded by his subjects with a deep and ardent attachment. He married 
 the daughters of the Thakur Saheb of Sayla, and of the Rana Jalamsinghji, 
 cousins of His Highness the Raj Saheb of Dhrangadra, in Kathiawar {q.v.), 
 on 19th February 1884. The occasion of this marriage was remarkable for 
 the substitution for the old custom of giving Fulekas (grand dinners and a 
 nightly procession, according to old practice) of a small Darbar, at which 
 nazars were paid, which His Highness touched, and remitted to be utilised 
 in furthering the cause of female education. His sons are named — Mad- 
 hubha, otherwise called Vijayarajji, born 2nd September 1885; and 
 Manubha, born 12th September 1888. 
 
 His Highness's brother is named Karansinghji, born in 1870, and 
 educated at the Rajkumar College, Rajkot ; he visited England on the occa- 
 sion of Her Majesty's Jubilee in 18S7, and was then created a Companion of 
 the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, and married a daughter of 
 the House of Aramda, in Okha, Kathiawar, in March 18S9. His Highness's 
 sister was married to His Highness the Maharaja of Bikanir {q.v.), in Raj- 
 putana. 
 
 The State has an area of 6500 square miles, exclusive of the Runn of 
 Kutch, which is about 9000 square miles; its population is 512,084, chiefly 
 Hindus, but including 118,797 Muhammadans and 66,663 Jains. His 
 Highness maintains a military force of 354 cavalry, 1412 infantry, and 164 
 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 1 7 guns. 
 
 Arms. — The coat of arms adopted by His Highness's family is most inter- 
 esting, as illustrating Oriental heraldry. The sketch given in the margin is 
 taken from a document kindly supplied by the Kutch Darb.ir, and was described 
 by His Excellency the Diwdn of Kutch in 1876 in the following words : — 
 
 "(i) The Fort of Bhujia, which overlooks the capital of Bhuj. (2) The 
 Moon, showing that the reigning family belongs to the Lunar dynasty. (3) 
 The Crown, and the Jari Patka flag (with representations of the sun and the 
 moon), emblematic of royalty. (4) The Mahi Muratab, a flag with a gold-fish 
 at the top, presented to a former Rao of Kutch by an Emperor of Delhi. This 
 is considered a valued present, and is carried in State in all ceremonials by 
 sovjans on the back of an elephant. (5) The Trident of the family goddess, 
 and old weapons of the family. (6) A Boat, showing that Kutch is a maritime 
 Power. (7) Two Horsemen, representing Kutch as a horse-producing country, 
 and showing specimens of her military retainers. (8) A Cow, representing the 
 customary title of a native potentate. (9) A killed Tiger, indicating the great 
 historical event from which the title of Rao was derived. (10) The Motto 
 adopted by the family, showing the attributes by which the first Rao Khengdr 
 succeeded in regaining his lost patrimony." 
 
 Residence. — The Palace, Bhuj, Kutch, Western India. 
 
278 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 KUTHAR, RANA JAICHAND, Ednd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1845 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 27th December 184S. 
 Belongs to a Rdjput (Hindu) family ; claiming descent from Sural Chand, 
 who came in early times from Kishtwar in Jammu, and conquered this 
 territory. The State was overrun by the Gurkhas between 1803 and 181 5, 
 and after their expulsion by the British was confirmed to the then Rand by a 
 British sunad daXcd 3rd September 1815. The area of the State (which is 
 one of the Simla Hill States) is 19 square miles; its population is 3648, 
 chiefly Hindus. The Rdna maintains a military force of 40 infantr)-. 
 
 Residence. — Kuthar, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 KUVARJI KOWASJI, Khdn BahdJur. 
 
 Born ist March 1S22. The title was conferred on 16th February 1887, 
 as a personal distinction, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty. Appointed to the service of the Bombay Govern- 
 ment in 1840, and during a service of forty-six years held various important 
 posts with credit to himself and advantage to the State. Retired in 1886 
 on a special pension, on account of his "long and highly meritorious semces." 
 AVas appointed in the same year a Delegate in the Parsi District Matrimonial 
 Court of Surat. Is an Honorary Magistrate of the First Class. Has a son 
 named Pestanji Kuvarji Kowasji, born i860. 
 
 Residence. — Surat, Bombay. 
 
 KYAING KAN, KUN UN, Alyoza of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 This Chief is Myoza of one of the Shan States on the frontier of 
 Burma. Its area is about 450 square miles; its population chiefly consists 
 of Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Kyaing Kan, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 KYAING LUN, KUN MAUNG, Myoza of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 This Chief is Myoza of one of the Shan States on the frontier of 
 Burma. Its area is about 30 square miles ; its population almost entirely 
 Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Kyaing Lun, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 KYAING TON, Sawlnva of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 This Chief is the Sawbwa of one of the Shan States on the frontier 
 of Burma. He has four fcudator)' chiefs tributary to him — those of 
 Kyaing Thingyi, Maingthal, Tliinaung, and Thin Nyut. The population 
 consists chiefly of Shans, with a few Yins. 
 
 Residence. — Kyaing Ton, Shan States, Bunna. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 279 
 
 KYAING YONGYI, Chief of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma frontier. 
 Residence. — Kyaing Yongyi, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 KYAUKKULEYWA, MAUNG THAING, Ngwegunhmu of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Ngwegunhmu is Chief of one of the Shan States on the frontier of 
 Burma. The area of the State is about 80 square miles. 
 Residence. — Kyaukkuleywa, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 KYAW GAUNG, MAUNG, Thuye-gaung Ngiveda ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. It means 
 " Recipient of the Silver Sword for Bravery," and is indicated by the letters 
 T.D.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Ye-u, Burma. 
 
 KYAW LA"W, MAUNG, Thuye-gaung Ngweda ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. It 
 means " Recipient of the Silver Sword for Bravery," and is indicated by the 
 letters T.D.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Pagdn, Burma. 
 
 KYETHI BANSAN, KUN THAN, Myoza of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Myoza is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma frontier. 
 The area of the State is about 300 square miles. 
 
 Residence. — Kyethi Bansan, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 KYON, MAUNG PO, Ngwegunhmu of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Ngwegunhmu is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma 
 frontier. The area of the State is about 1 5 square miles. 
 Residence. — Kyon, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 KYWB O, MAUNG U, Kyet Thaye zaung skive Salwe ya Mitt. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 6th June 1S85. It means 
 " Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour," and is indicated by the letters 
 K.S.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Rangoon, Burma. 
 
 LAGHHMAN. See Lakshman. 
 
28o THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 LACHHMAN DAS HAZARIKA, Hat Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 3rd March 1880. 
 Resilience. — Lakhimpur, Assam. 
 
 LACHHMAN DAS SETH, CLE. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, 29th May 1886. 
 Residence. — 
 
 LACHHMAN PARSHAD SINGH (of Asothar), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1847. Tiie title is hereditary. The Rdjd is descended from 
 Deogaj Singh, who came from Khichhidara or Raghugarh in Central India 
 in 1543, and married the daughter of the Raja of Aijhi, and subsequently 
 succeeded to the possessions of his father-in-law. About 150 years later 
 Aram Singh was in possession of the Asothar ZaniindJri, with two co- 
 sharers ; but owing to the oppression of the latter he became reduced 
 to the position of a cultivator. A curious tradition is told of him, that 
 he was once sleeping under a mahua tree, overcome with the fatigue of 
 his laborious occupation, when an Ahir named Bidhotar, who was at work 
 in the neighbouring field, observed a large cobra approach the sleeping 
 man, endeavouring to screen his head from the rays of the sun with its 
 expanded hood ; and when Araru resumed his ploughing, he presently 
 found a great golden treasure, with which he repurchased all his ancestral 
 estates, and became both rich and powerful. His son, Bhagwant Rai, 
 built the fort at Ghazipur, and defied the Imperial troops for a long 
 time; but in 1760 .a.d. he was captured by treacherj' and slain. He 
 was succeeded by his son, Rup Rai, who died in 1780, leaving the 
 Raj of Asothar to his son Bariyar Singh. Subsequently most of the 
 family possessions were resumed by the Nawab Vazir, Asaf-ud-dauld, and 
 only a pension left to the Rdjd. Bariyar Singh's son, Duniapat, obtained 
 a confirmation of his father's jiension from the British Government in 1805. 
 lluniapat's adopted son, Raghubar Singh, died in the former's lifetime ; 
 and Duniapat was succeeded in 1850 by Raghubdr's adopted son, the 
 Rdjd Lachhman Parshdd Singh. The Rdjd is an Honorary Magistrate ; 
 and has issue two sons — Kunwdr Narpat Singh and Kunwdr Chandra 
 Bhukhan Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Asothar, Kaiehpur, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 LACHHMAN RAO, Rao Sahek 
 
 Born 8th May 1845. "^^^ *'''^ '^ hereditarj-, the Rao Saheb being 
 descended from Rao Vinayek Rao, who was the Diwdn or Prime Minister 
 of the late Mahratta ruler of Sdgar. Vinayek Rao came originally from 
 the Deccan, and was appointed by the Mahratta Government first to be 
 Mdmlatddr. On the cession to the British Government the family received 
 hereditary' pensions. The Rao Salieh is an Honorary Magistrate. He has 
 a son — Rao Ganpat Rao Saheb Subahddr. 
 
 Residence. — Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 281 
 
 LACHHMAN SINGH, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1S82. The 
 Rai Bahadur belongs to a family from Cawnpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 LACHHMAN SINGH (of Wazirpur), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 19th October 1S26. The title was conferred on ist January 1S77, 
 as a personal distinction, at the Imperial Assemblage of Delhi, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress 
 of India. Belongs to a Rajput family of the Jadon clan, originally resident 
 at Karemna in Rajputana. About 130 years ago Karemna was burnt 
 by the troops of the Raja of Macheri (Alwar) in his war with the Raja 
 of Bhartpur ; and Kalyan Singh, the ancestor of Lachhman Singh, took 
 refuge in Bhartpur. His eldest son was appointed Fofehddr of Pargana 
 Ruphas by the Raja of Bhartpur, but was subsequently poisoned ; and 
 the younger son, Lachhman Singh's grandfather, took service in Sindhia's 
 army. He died at Aligarh a few months before the capture of that fortress 
 by the British, and his sons removed to Agra. His grandson, the present 
 Raja, entered the Government service in 1S47 \ 'ifd for his services during 
 the time of the Mutiny, and generally to the cause of education, he has 
 received the title of Raja, a khilat, and various grants. 
 
 Residence. — Bulandshahr, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 LACHHMBSHWAR SINGH, SIR, K.C.I.E., Maharaja Bahadur. 
 
 See Darbhanga. 
 
 LACHHMINARAYAN SINGH, DEO (of Eera), Thdkiir. 
 
 The title was conferred on ist January 1S77, as a personal distinction, 
 on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India. The Thakur is one of the representatives of the great 
 Porahat family, from which are descended the feudatory chiefs of Serikala 
 and Kharsawan, and other Chota Nagpur chiefs in the district of Singbhum. 
 
 Residence. — -Kara, Singbhum, Bengal. 
 
 LAKHPAT RAI, Rai. 
 
 Born 1825. The title was conferred on 8th October 1875, as a 
 personal distinction, in recognition of the Rai's exertions in improving the 
 city of Peshawar. He belongs to a Kshatriya family, and is the son of the 
 late Diwan Bhawani Das, who held the responsible and important office 
 of Daftri in Peshawar during the Durani and Sikh rule. The Rai is 
 an Honorary Magistrate and a member of the Municipal Committee of 
 Peshawar. 
 
 Residence. — Peshiwar, Punjab. 
 
 LAKSHMAN JAGANNATH, Diwdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 15th August 1835. The title was conferred on i6th February 
 1887, as a personal distinction, on the occasion of the Jubilee of Her 
 
282 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Majesty's reign. Belongs to a Chandraseniya Kdyastha Prabhu family ; 
 second son of Jagannath Baji Rao, Mamlatddr in Khdndesh. Prior to 
 his appointment as Prime Minister of the Baroda State he had rendered 
 long and meritorious services to the Bombay Government ; and while 
 Deputy Collector of Sholapur endeared himself to the people to such 
 an extent that they called their market after his name, " Lakshmanpet." 
 In 1874 he became Assistant Revenue Commissioner of the Northern 
 Division of the Bombay Presidency ; and shortly afterwards was invited 
 to aid Mr. Ddddbhai Naoroji (subsequently M.P. for Central Finsbury) 
 in the administration of Baroda. He became, first, Subahddr of the Naosdri 
 district, then head of the Revenue Department in 1883, and finally in 18S6 
 Diwdn or Prime Minister of the State. He retired in 1890 with a pension 
 from the British Government, and handsome allowances from the Gaekwar. 
 He married Ikii Sitabai, and has issue si.\ daughters — Gujabdi, Chandrabdi, 
 Chingubai, Dhakubai, Naobdi, and Sundrabai. 
 Residence. — Nardyan Pet, Poona, Bombay. 
 
 LAKSHMAN JIVAJI TILVB, Rao Saheb. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893, for 
 eminent services in the Postal Department. 
 Residence. — Ahmedabad, I!omb.i\-. 
 
 LAKSHMI KANTA RAO PANTULU, JIDDU, Di-wdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 7th November 1833. The title was conferred on i6th Febru.iry 
 1887, as a personal distinction, on the occasion of the Jubilee of Her 
 Majesty's reign. Educated in the Nobles College, Masulipatam. Entered 
 the service of the Madras Government in 1855, and has rendered long and 
 meritorious service ; appointed Deputy Director of Revenue Settlement in 
 1 883. On the occasion of the Proclamation of her Most Gracious Majesty 
 as Empress of India at the Imperial Assemblage of Delhi on ist January 
 1877, he received a Medal of Honour. Has issue three sons — (i) J. 
 Sundarayya, B.A., born 1861 ; (2) J. Lakshmayya, born 1869 ; (3) J. Sundara 
 Nana Rao, born 1874. 
 
 Residence. — Cuddalore, Madras. 
 
 LAKSHMI SHANKAR MISRA, PANDIT, Rai Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January i8go. 
 Residence. — Benares, NorthAVestem Provinces. 
 
 LAKSHMILAL DAULATRAI, Rao Saheb. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893, for 
 eminent services in the Baroda Residency. 
 
 Residence. — Baroda. 
 
 LAL BEG, Khdn Saheb. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893, for 
 eminent magisterial services in the Gdnjdm Hill Tracts, Madras. 
 
 Residence. — Gdnjdm, Madras. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 283 
 
 LAL MADHAVA MUKARJI, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born in 1841. Belongs to a Kulin Brahman family, and is the son of 
 Ishwar Chandra Mukarji, an old and much respected merchant of Calcutta. 
 Educated at the Free Church College of the Calcutta University ; and 
 subsequently graduated at the Calcutta Medical College. During the great 
 Orissa famine of 1866 he was appointed Medical Officer in charge of the 
 famine hospitals that were opened at Chitpore and Sealdah for the relief of 
 the famine-stricken. His good services there were duly acknowledged by 
 the Government of Bengal. He then successively held the appointments of 
 House Surgeon of the Calcutta Ophthalmic Hospital for thirteen years, and 
 teacher of Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery in the Campbell School for 
 three years. He has taken a very prominent place among the great oculists 
 of the world, and was deputed by the Government of India to Rajputana, 
 to attend upon His Highness the Maharaja of Jaipur, whose eyesight he 
 successfully restored. He translated into Bengali the English text-book on 
 the Diseases of the Eye, by Dr. Macnamara, which has been highly eulogised 
 by the most competent authorities. In 1879 he was elected a Municipal 
 Commissioner for the town of Calcutta ; and has been re-elected in three 
 subsequent successive elections. Has been several times Member of the 
 Town Council of Calcutta. Was appointed a Fellow of the Calcutta 
 University in 1881 ; and in 1890 became a Member of the Syndicate. He 
 is an elected Member of the Council of the Calcutta Bethune Society ; of the 
 Calcutta Health Society ; and of the India Club. He is a Justice of the 
 Peace for the town of Calcutta. He is the first native gentleman who has 
 been honoured with the Presidentship of the Calcutta Medical Society. He 
 is also the President and Honorary Lecturer of Ophthalmic Medicine and 
 Surgery in the Calcutta Medical School. When Her Majesty the Empress, 
 in recognition of his distinguished medical services, was pleased to confer 
 upon him the title of Rai Bahadur, the Government of India also presented 
 him with a handsome sword and a richly-embroidered sword-belt. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 LAL MADHUB MOOKBRJEE, Rai Bahddur. 
 See Lai Madhava Mukarji. 
 
 LAL RAGHURAJ SINGH (of Pandaria), Thdkur. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The founder of the family was Sham Chand ; 
 and the late Thakur Gajapal Singh was thirteenth in succession. He was 
 the younger brother of the Thakur Rajpal Singh, feudatory Chief of 
 Kawardha (t].v.) Thakur Gajapal Singh has been recently succeeded, at 
 Pandaria, by Thakur Lai Raghuraj Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Pandaria, Bildspur, Central Provinces. 
 
 LAL SINGH, Rao. 
 
 Born 1844. The title is hereditary. The Rao belongs to a Chandel 
 family; descended from the Raja Sheoraj Deo, who in the year 1393 of the 
 Samvat era came from Kanauj to Shiurajpur in Cawnpur district, and 
 
284 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 established his rule over the neighbouring country. He conferred on Sirghu 
 Deo the title of Rao, and allowed him to settle in mauza Sipai, and ever 
 since the Chandels of this house have been recognised as holding the 
 title of Rao. The Rao has a son named Dharmraj Singh. 
 Residence. — Sipai, Cawnpur, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 LAL SINGH (of Bheri), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sardar is the cousin of Sarddr Bishan Singh 
 {q.v^ of Bheri, in the district of Ludhiana, Punjab. Belongs to a Jat (Sikh) 
 family, descended from Sardar Mahtab Singh, Miran Kotia, a Sikh Chief, 
 well known for his prowess, who flourished about the year 1761 .a.d. His 
 son, Sarddr Rai Singh, acquired by conquest some territory in the Ambala 
 district more than a century ago. The family came under British protection, 
 with the other Cis-Sutlej Chiefs, after the first Sikh war. Sarddr Ratan 
 Singh succeeded his father, Rai Singh ; and his grandsons are the Sarddrs 
 Bishan Singh (son of Sarddr Sarmukh Singh) and Ldl Singh (son of Sarddr 
 Gurmukh Singh) of Bheri. 
 
 Residence. — Bheri, Ludhidna, Punjab. 
 
 LAL, SINGH (of Talwandi), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1822. The title is hereditary. The Sarddr is the grandson of the 
 Sardar Dal Singh Naharna, who was adopted by the widow of the great 
 Sardar Fateh Singh, Kdlidnwdla, and inherited his large possessions. He 
 died in 1823, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Sarddr Atar Singh, who, 
 about the year 1846, received a seat in the Council of Regency, which he 
 retained until the annexation of the Punjab. On the occasion of the 
 outbreak at Multdn, Sarddr Atar Singh joined the British under Major 
 Edwardes. His son, the present Sarddr I.al Singh, was at first carried off 
 by the troops ; but afterwards escaped, and joined the same side. Sarddr 
 Atar Singh died in 1851, and was succeeded by the present Sardar. 
 
 Residence. — Talwandi, Amritsar, Punjab. 
 
 LALA SAHEB (of Imlai), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1862. The title is hereditar}-. Belongs to a Raj Gond 
 (aboriginal) family, whose ancestors came from Dhamda to Mandla, and 
 obtained ^oma jds^irs from Sheo Raj Rai, the Gond Rdjd of Mandla, because 
 they were caste-fellows of the Rdjd. This was in 1624 a.d., and the family 
 have been settled at Imlai in the Jabalpur district ever since. One of their 
 ancestors married a daughter of the Rdjput house of Ratanpur. 
 
 Residence. — Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 LALGARH, DIWAN HARI SINGH, Diwdn of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S77 ; succeeded to the ,i^adi as a minor 22nd December 1888. 
 Belongs to a Rdjput (Hindu) family. The State contains a population of 
 about 2500, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — L.-ilgarh, Western Mdlw.i, Central India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 285 
 
 LA LIT MOHAN SINGH, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The Rai Bahadur has rendered good service as an Honorary Magistrate, 
 and as Vice-Chairman of the District Board of HughH, Bengal. Received 
 the title as a personal distinction on 25th May 1892. 
 
 Residence.— '^■a%\X\^ Bengal. 
 
 LALJI PURSHOTAM RAI, Rao Bahadur, Dhmn Bahadur. 
 
 Both these titles are personal. The former was conferred on 15th 
 December 1881. The second title, that of Diwan Bahadur, was conferred 
 on 25th May 1892, for good service as an assistant to the Resident at 
 Baroda. 
 
 Residence. — Baroda. 
 
 LALLU LACHHMAN SINGH, Rao Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1869. 
 Residence. — Dholpur, RdjputSna. 
 
 LALUBHAI KASANDAS, Rao Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1889. 
 Residence. — Baroda. 
 
 LALUBHAI NANDLAL, Rao BaMdur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 3rd February 1886. 
 Residence. — Ahmadabad, Bombay. 
 
 LANGRIN, U., BOR SINGH, Sdm of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S50; succeeded to the gadi 23rd September 1874. The 
 population of the State (which is one of the Khasi and Jaintia Hill States, 
 Assam) is about 1200, and consists of Khasis and Christians. 
 
 Residence. — Langrin, Khasi Hills, Assam. 
 
 LAS BELA, MIR HAJI JAM SIR ALI KHAN, K.C.I.E., >'w ^/ 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1849; succeeded to the gadi 21st January 1889. The Jam was 
 formerly a feudatory of the Wall of Kalat, but has now the direct protection 
 of the British Government, through the Governor-General's Agent for 
 Baluchistan. He was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of 
 the Indian Empire on the institution of that Order, ist January 1878; 
 and was promoted to be a Knight Commander of the same Most Eminent 
 Order, 2nd January 1893. The area of the State is about 8500 square miles, 
 and its population about 56,000, chiefly Muhanimadans. The Jam maintains 
 a military force of 33 cavalry, 276 infantry, and 4 guns, and is entitled to 
 a salute of 9 guns as a personal distinction. 
 
 Residence. — Las Bela, Baluchistdn. 
 
286 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 LATHI, THAKUR SURSINGHJI TAKHTSINGHJI, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1875; succeeded to the i^adi as a minor 4th November 1878. 
 Belongs to a Gohel Rajput (Hindu) family, which claim to be Suryavansi 
 (of the Solar race), as descendants of the legendary hero Rama. The 
 Gohel sept of Rajputs are said to have occupied a part of Manvar for 
 twenty generations, until they were expelled by the Rahtors {se( Jodhpur) at 
 the end of the i zth century. Thence, under their Chief, Sejak, they 
 migrated to Kathiawar, about the year 1260, and are at present represented 
 in Kathiawar by the ruling families of Bhaunagar, Rajpipla, Palitana, and 
 Lathi. The founder of the Lathi State was Sarangji, second son of Sejak, 
 whose eldest son became the ancestor of the Chiefs of Bhaunagar, whilst the 
 third son was the ancestor of the Chiefs of Palitana. One of the Thakurs of 
 Lawa married his daughter to Damaji Gaekwar, the great ancestor of the 
 Gaekwars of Baroda ; and gave the estate of Damnagar as a dowry, being in 
 return exemiitcd personally from tribute. The State is tributary both to 
 Baroda and to Jundgarh ; and in addition to the tribute the Chief of Liwa 
 annually offers a horse to the Gaekwar of Baroda, probably in commemoration 
 of the relationship between the families. The town of I^thi, which is the 
 capital, is now a station on the Bhaunagar- Gondal railway; it has the 
 palace of the Thakur, a Dharmsdia, a good Dispensar)', Post and Telegraph 
 Office, and the Lathi Anglo- Vernacular School. The area of the State is 42 
 square miles ; its population 6804, chiefly Hindus. The Chief maintains 
 a military force of 12 cavalry, 25 infantr)', and 10 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Ldlhi, Kdthi.-lw.-ir, Bombay. 
 
 LATIP ALI KHAN -.valad AHMAD, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditarj-, the Mir being a representative of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation (see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 LATIF HUSAIN KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a representative of one of the Mirs 
 ot* Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation (see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 LAW YAN, MAUNG, Ajr/ T/iaye zaun.s; sh-we Sakve ya Mm. 
 
 The title is jiersonal, and was conferred on i6th Februar>' 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. It 
 means " Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour," and is indicated by the 
 letters K.S.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Mandalay, liurma. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 287 
 
 LAWA, THAKUR DHIRAT SINGH, Thdkttr of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Thdkur belongs to the Kachhwaha Rajput family — that is, the ruling 
 family of Jaipur (g.v.), the State having originally belonged to Jaipur, and 
 having been granted by the Maharaja of Jaipur to one of the scions of his 
 family. It was conquered by the Pindari leader, Amir Khan, in the course 
 of his Jaipur and Jodhpur campaigns ; and the Thakur of Lawa then 
 became a feudatory of Amir Khan's State of Tonk. In 1867, however, this 
 connection was terminated, and Lawa came under the direct protection of 
 the British Government.. The area of the State is 18 square miles; its 
 population is 2682, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Ldwa, Rdjput^na. 
 
 LAX A MAN. See Lakshman. 
 
 LAXUMAN JAGANNATHJI, VAIDYA, Diwdn Bahddur. 
 See Lakshman Jaganndth. 
 
 LE BUN YU, Kyet Thdye zaung sJiwe Sahve ya Min. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893. It is 
 indicated by the letters K.S.M. after the name, and means "Recipient of the 
 Gold Chain of Honour." 
 
 Residence. — Rangoon, Burma. 
 
 LEGYA, KUN LB, Smvbwa of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 The Sawbwa is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma frontier, 
 the area of which is about 1000 square miles. The population consists 
 almost entirely of Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Legya, Burma. 
 
 LBHNA SINGH (of Manasawal), Rand. 
 
 Born 1 80 1. The tide is hereditary. Belongs to a very ancient Rajput 
 family, that claims to be descended from the legendary hero Krishna, through 
 Basu Chand, who is said to have taken possession of Garhmuktesar, and to 
 have reigned there about 2000 years ago. His descendant, Jodh Chand, 
 with three brothers, is said to have visited Jwalamukh on a pilgrimage, and 
 on that occasion to have taken possession of Manasawal and the surrounding 
 territory in the Hoshiarpur district. Rana Chigar Chand, thirty-third in 
 descent from Basu Chand, made his submission to the Maharaja Ranjit 
 Singh, and is said to have been confirmed by him in some of his lands. The 
 Rdna has four sons — Opindar Singh, Madho Singh, Janardhan, and another. 
 
 Residence. — Manasawal, Hoshidrpur, Punjab. 
 
288 THE GOLDEN BOOK OK INDIA 
 
 LBHNA SINGH, CHIMNI, Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Resilience. — Gujrdnwala, Punjab. 
 
 LIAKAT HUSAIN, KMn Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — .Mcerut, North- Western Provinces. 
 
 LIKHI, THAKUR JASWANT SINGHJI, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born 1886 ; has recently succeeded to the gadi as a minor. Belongs to 
 a Koli (aboriginal) family. The area of the State is 30 square miles; its 
 population is 1307, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Likhi, Mdhi Kantha, Bombay. 
 
 LIMBAJI RAO TUKAJI RAO, Rao Sa/ieb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 4th May 1885. 
 Residence. — Bijdpur, Bombay. 
 
 LIMBDI, Thdkur Saheb of. See Limri. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 289 
 
 LIMRI, THAKUR SAHEB SIR JASWANTSINGHJI, 
 FATEHSINGHJI, K.C.I.B., Thdkur Saheb of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 23rd May 1859 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 30th January 
 1862. Belongs to a Jhala Rajput (Hindu) family; claiming a common 
 descent with the Chief of Dhrangadra from Harpaldev, who came from the 
 north in very early times, and established himself in that part of Kdthiawar 
 called Jhalawar from the name of his sept. The present Chief, who suc- 
 ceeded his father, the Thakur Saheb Fatehsinghji, was educated at the 
 Rajkumar College, Rajkot, and finished his education by visiting England 
 in company with the Principal of that College. He attained his 
 majority in 1877; and on ist August of that year was installed as ruler. 
 In 1884 the Government of Bombay, in recognition of the ability and 
 industry with which he conducted the administration of his State, appointed 
 him a Member of the Legislative Council of Bombay. In 18S7 he was 
 selected as one of the representatives of the Princes of Western India to 
 present their loyal congratulations to the Queen Empress on the auspicious 
 occasion of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign ; and on that occasion he had 
 the honour of receiving from the Empress in person the insignia of a Knight 
 Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire. He extended 
 his tour to all tlie chief places of interest in the United Kingdom, in Canada, 
 and in the United States ; and was the guest successively of the Lord- 
 Lieutenant of Ireland, of the Viceroy of the Canadian Dominion, and of the 
 President of the United States. He has the reputation of being a most able 
 and painstaking ruler, and has received high acknowledgment of his ability 
 and success from successive Governors of Bombay. The area of the State 
 is 344 square miles; its population is about 43,000, chiefly Hindus, but 
 including more than 4600 Muhammadans. The Thakur Saheb maintains a 
 mihtary force of 35 cavalry, 174 infantry, and 28 guns, and is entitled to a 
 salute of 9 guns. 
 
 Reiidencc. — Limri (or Limbdi), KathidwSr, Bombay. 
 
290 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 LOGHASSI, Rao BaMdur of. See Lughasi. 
 
 LOHARU, NAWAB AMIR-UD-DIN AHMAD KHAN 
 
 BAHADUR, FAKHAR-UD-DAULA, C.I.B., Nawdb of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1859; succeeded to the gadi 31st October 18S4. Belongs to an 
 Afghan (Muhammadan) family, descended from Ahmad Bakhsh Khan, who 
 was employed by the Raja of Alwar in the negotiations with Lord Lake in 
 1806. In recognition of his services he received Loharu from the Raja, 
 and the feudal possession of Firuzpur from the British Government His 
 son, Shams-ud-din Khan, succeeded him, but was executed at Delhi in 
 1835 for compassing the murder of the British Resident at Delhi. In con- 
 sequence of this Firuzpur was confiscated ; but Loharu was subsequently 
 restored to the brothers of the Chief, who had no share in his guilt, Amin-ud- 
 din Khan and Zia-ud-din Khan; and Amin-ud-din was the great-grandfather 
 of the present Nawab. The title of Naw.ib was restored to the family, in 
 1866, as a personal distinction ; and in 1874 it was conferred on the Chief 
 in recognition of good administration. Created a Companion of the Most 
 Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, 2nd January 1893. The area of the 
 State is 226 square miles; its population 13,754, chiefly Hindus, but including 
 1517 Muhammadans. The Nawab maintains a militar)' force of 94 men. 
 
 Residence. — Loh;ira, Hissdr, Punjab. 
 
 LORINDA MAL, Rat Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 1888. 
 Residence. — Peshdwar, Punjab. 
 
 LU THA, MAUNG, Kyct T/iaye zaung shwe Salwc ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. It 
 means " Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour," and is indicated by the 
 letters K.S.M. after the name. 
 
 ResideiKc. — Myingyan, Burma. 
 
 LUGHASI, RAO BAHADUR KHET SINGH, Rao Bahddur if. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 2istjuly 1856; succeeded to the i-^iz.// 3rd Januar)- 1 87 2. Belongs 
 to the great Bundela Rajput (Hindu) family of the Orchha House, from which 
 are descended the ruling families of I'anna, Datia, Ajaigarh, and most of the 
 other States of Bundclkhand ; all tracing their lineage from the same epony- 
 mous hero, Bir Singh, who first adopted the clan name of Bundelx His 
 descendant, the Mah;iraj;i Chhatrasal, possessed large territories in Bundcl- 
 khand ; and is famous for having called in the aid of the Mahrattas against 
 the Mughal I'owcr, and having adopted the Peshwa as one of his sons, who 
 thereby acquired a third of his dominions, and a footing in Bundelkhand. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 291 
 
 Chhatrasal's eldest son, Hardi Sah, succeeded him at Panna ; and he had 
 two sons, the elder of whom became Raja of Panna, while the younger, 
 Salim Singh, became Diwan of Lughasi. His son, the Diwan Dhiraj Singh, 
 received a sa/tad horn the British Government in 1808. Three generations 
 have intervened between Dhiraj Singh and the present Chief. In 1857 the 
 Diwan Sardar Singh of Lughasi was loyal to the Government during the time 
 of the Mutiny, though half the villages of the State were laid waste by the 
 rebels in consequence of his fidelity. As a reward for these services, the 
 Diwan received the hereditary title of Rao Bahadur at the Cawnpur Darbar 
 of 1859, together with a khilat, a valuable /rf^'jV, and a sanad authorising the 
 privilege of adoption. The present Rao Bahadur is grandson of Sardar 
 Singh. The area of the State is 47 square miles; its population 6159, 
 chiefly Hindus. The Rao Bahadur maintains a military force of 6 cavalry, 
 78 infantry, and 7 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Lughdsi, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 LUNAWARA, MAHARANA SHRI SIR "WAKHATSINGHJI, 
 
 K.C.I.E., Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born nth August i860 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 7th October 
 1867. Belongs to the family of the great Solanki clan of Rajputs, claiming 
 descent from Sidraj Jaisingh, the ruler of Anhalwara Patan and Gujarat. The 
 Maharana's ancestors are said to have established themselves as Chiefs of 
 Virpur in 1225 a.d. ; and in 1434 a.d. Rana Bhimsinghji removed to Luna- 
 wara across the Mahi. The State was tributary both to Baroda and to 
 Gwalior ; but the rights of the latter were transferred to the British Govern- 
 ment in 1 86 1. The Maharana was educated at the Rajkumar College, 
 Rajkot ; and was installed as ruler in August 1880 on attaining his majority. 
 He was created a Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the 
 Indian Empire, 25th May 1889. The area of the State is 388 square miles; 
 its population about 76,000, chiefly Hindus, but including over 3000 
 Muhammadans. The Maharana maintains a military force of 201 cavalry, 
 295 infantry, and 40 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — LunSwdra, Rewa K^ntha, Bombay. 
 
 LUTF ALI KHAN, SAYYID, C.I.B., Naradd. 
 
 The title of Nawab was conferred on i6th February 1887, as a personal 
 distinction, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty. The Nawab has also been created a Companion of the Most 
 Eminent Order of the Indian Empire. 
 
 Residence. — Patna. 
 
 LWE-E, MAUNG KYI, Ngwegunhmu of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 The Ngwegunhmu is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma 
 frontier, which has an area of about 30 square miles. Its population 
 consists almost entirely of Shans. 
 
 Resilience. — Lwe-e, Shan States, Burma. 
 
292 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 LWBLON, MAUNG KAN CHOK, Mjosa of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Myoza is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma frontier ; 
 its area is about 400 square miles. The population consists almost entirely 
 of Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Lwelon, Shan .States, Burma. 
 
 LWEMAW, MAUNG SHWB PYI, Ngwegunhmu of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Ngwegunhmu is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma 
 frontier; the area of which is about 25 square miles. The population 
 consists almost entirely of Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Lwemaw, Shan .States, Burma. 
 
 MADAD ALI, MIR, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1 81 9. The title was conferred on 1 ith January 1869, as a personal 
 distinction, together with a khilat. Belongs to the family of Barha Sa)7ids 
 of Muzaffarnagar. Rendered good service for thirty-three years as Tahsildar 
 and Deputy Collector ; and in recognition of his services during the Mutiny 
 he received a khilat and a grant of land. 
 
 Residence. — Allahabad, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 MADAN GOPAL (of Padrauna), Rai. 
 
 Bom 1829. The title is hereditary, lielongs to a family of Kurmis, 
 claiming descent from the celebrated Mayyura Misra, being thus connected 
 with the families of the Rajas of Majhauli and Tamkuhi (q.v.) Rai Isri 
 Partab rendered good service in the Mutiny, and was an Honorary Magistrate 
 for ten years before his death, when he was succeeded by his son, the pre- 
 sent Rai. 
 
 Residence. — Padrauna, Ciorakhpur, Nortli-Western Provinces. 
 
 MADAN MOHAN BAISAK, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Granted the title of Rai Bahadur, as a personal distinction, 2nd January- 
 1893, for emijient services in the Postal Department. 
 
 Resideticc. — Calcutta. 
 
 MADHAN, Chief of. 
 
 Is a feudatory- of the R.ij.i of Keonthal ('/.!'.), and rules over one of the 
 Simla Hill States. 
 
 Residence. — Madhan, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 MADHAVA RAO, SIR TANJORB, K.C.S.I., Kdjd. 
 The title of Raja was conferred on ist January 1877, as a personal 
 distinction, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty as Empress of India ; at which time Sir Madhava Rao was Diwan 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 293 
 
 or Prime Minister of Baroda {q.v.) Sir Madhava is well known, not in 
 India alone, but throughout the British Empire, as one of the ablest, most 
 distinguished, and most patriotic of modern Indian Statesmen. His early 
 years were largely devoted to the service of the State of Travancore, where 
 he was guardian and tutor of the Maharaja, and where his abilities were con- 
 spicuously displayed in the development of that State. He was selected by 
 the Government of India for the difficult and important post of Prime 
 Minister of Baroda at a great crisis in the history of that State ; and his 
 admirable services have been abundantly recognised, both by His Highness 
 the Gaekwar, and by the Government of India. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MADHAVRAO JANOJI PUAR, Rao Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 9th April 1883. 
 Residence. — Nrlsik, Bombay. 
 
 MADHAVRAO MALHARRAO (of Nagar), Vishwasrao. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Khindesh, Bombay. 
 
 MADHAVRAO SOMAJI MORE, Rao Bahadur. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893, for 
 eminent services in the Salt Department. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 MADHO PRASAD SINGH (of Adharganj), Rat. 
 
 Born nth October 1847. The title is hereditary, the Rai being the 
 representative of the great Bachgoti sept of Rajputs, sprung from the ancient 
 and illustrious family of the Chauhan Rajputs of 
 Mainpuri {q.v.) The sept having incurred the 
 excessive wrath of the Emperor Ala -ud- din of 
 Delhi, who vowed its extermination, the survivors 
 emigrated, and for safety's sake adopted the name 
 of Vasishtagoti (contracted into Batasgoti, and 
 ultimately Bachgoti), from the saint who called 
 forth their ancestor (the Agniktila) from the fire to 
 defend the Munis of Mount Abu against the 
 demons. The Chief, Bariar Singh, descendant 
 The Santak of the Chauhan of Chahir Deo, Prithvi Raj's brother, left Sambhal- 
 
 Rdjputs, called Chakra, used . j ^i j u t o 
 
 in the seal and for signature. garb, and waudermg eastward, settled about 1248 
 (.\ circle with hnr Trisuias or A.D. in Sultaupur, Oudh. He married the 
 
 dini'poin'Js.r " ^" ° '^'' daughter of Raja Ram Deo, Bhilkaria, Chief 
 
 of Patti, became chief military officer under 
 
 the Raja, and ultimately dispossessed his brother-in-law, and seized 
 
 the territory. His descendant, Bodh Singh, received the title of Rai 
 
294 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 from the Hasanpur Raja of Sultanpur, and aiding the Nawab Shuja-ud- 
 dauld in his war against the British, was defeated with him at the battle 
 of Baksar in 1775 a.d. His grandson, Rai Mihrban Singh, was driven 
 into exile by the Nawab, and his fort of Kot Bhilkar was sacked by the latter 
 about the year 1780. His three sons, who in turn succeeded, gradually re- 
 acquired much of the family property. The youngest, Rai Sitia Bakhsh, was 
 succeeded by his elder son, Rai Kalka Bakhsh Singh ; and the latter by his 
 brother, the present Rai, on 23rd November 1857. He is an Honorary 
 Magistrate and an Assistant Collector. 
 Residence. — Dalippur, Partdbgarh, Gudh. 
 
 MADHO RAO, Rao and Potddr. 
 
 Born 31st January 1S32. The title is hereditary', having being originally 
 conferred by the old Mahratta Government of Sagar. The Rao's grandfather 
 was an important officer of that Government ; and he was succeeded by his 
 son, the Rao Lachman Rao, who was appointed Mamlatdar of Narsinghpur, 
 and received a political pension from the British Government on the cession. 
 He was succeeded by his widow, the Mussaniat Parvati Bdi, who still enjoys 
 a pension ; and the Mussamat adopted the present Rao. 
 
 Residence. — Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 MADHO SINGH (of Amethi), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 29th November 1823. The title is hereditary, having been in the 
 family from early times. Is the Chief of the Bandhalgoti sept of Rajputs, 
 claiming descent from Sudd Rai, a scion of the Kachhwaha (.SitrajTansi) 
 dynasty of Jaipur {</.v.), who is said to have migrated from Narwargarli, 
 conquered the Bhars of .^methi, and built a fort at Raipur. The sixth in 
 descent from him was Mandhata Singh, who was childless; but with the aid 
 of a saint's prayers a son was born to him, who was called Bandhu, in 
 memory of the circumstances of his birth — whence the clan name of Band- 
 hugoti or Bandhali;oti. Rajd Gurdat Singh in 1743 was besieged at Raipur 
 by the Nawab Safdar Jang ; Raipur was taken and destroyed, and the Rdja 
 escaped to Rdmnagar, which thenceforward became his headquarters. His 
 grandson was the Rajd Hara Chand Singh, who was the grandfather of the 
 late Rdja Bisheswar Singh, and also of the present Rdjd. On Bisheswar 
 Singh's dying childless in 1842, he was succeeded by his cousin, the present 
 Rdjd. In the time of the Mutiny in 1857 the Rdjd at first distinguished 
 himself by jirotecting the refugees from Sultdnjjur, whom he safely conducted 
 to Allahabad, l^tcr, however, he joined the rebels; but in August 1858 he 
 surrendered his fort at .'Xmethi, and was ultimately pardoned. In i860 he 
 was made a Magistrate. He has a son and heir, Lai Lachhman Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Amethi, Sultdnpur, Gudh. 
 
 MADHO SINGH, Rji Ba/uidur. 
 
 Born 1821. The title was conferred on 24th May 1883, as a personal 
 distinction. Belongs to a Kshatriya family of the Bais clan, whose ancestors 
 nine generations ago came from Baiswara in Oudh, and settled in the Jaunpur 
 district. The Rai Bahddur rendered valuable service during the time of the 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 295 
 
 Mutiny in 1S57, and from the first boldly took the side of the Government. 
 He rendered ever)- assistance to Government, and protected the lives and 
 property of several indigo-planters ; for these services he received a sanad 
 and a grant of land, and subsequently the title of Rai Bahadur. 
 Residence. — Jaunpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 MADHO SINGH, THAKUR, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title was conferred on 1st January 1877, as a personal distinction, 
 on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India. 
 
 Residence. — Khanva, Central Provinces. 
 
 MAGORI, THAKUR HIMATSINGHJI, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born ist March 1832 ; succeeded to 'Cos. gadi as a minor on the death 
 of his father, the late Thakur Fatehsinghji, 2nd February 1835. The Thakur 
 belongs to the illustrious family of the Chiefs of the Rahtor clan of Rajputs, 
 claiming descent from the legendary hero Rama, and the ancient Rahtor 
 Emperors of Kanauj of the Suf-yavansi or Solar race, through the House of 
 Idar ; the founder of the Magori family, Ratansinghji, having been a younger 
 son of a Rawal of Malpur {ij-V.), who was descended from a younger son of 
 one of the ancient Raos of Idar {q.v.), who in turn was descended from the 
 second son of the last Rahtor sovereign of Kanauj. Certain payments called 
 kickri are made annually by this State to Idar. The Thakur has two sons, 
 Kunwars Mokhamsinghji and Daulatsinghji. The area of the State is 75 
 square miles; its population 3076, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Magori, Mdhi Kintha, Bombay. 
 
 MAHA SINGH (of Kharsal), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1849. The title is hereditary. 
 The Sardar Maha Singh belongs to a 
 Gond (aboriginal) family, claiming descent 
 from Urdhabo Gond, a soldier of fortune 
 who came from Garha-Mandla, and settled 
 in Sambalpur, acquiring a.jdgiriox military 
 services from the reigning Raja of Sam- 
 balpur. The head of this family uses the 
 Gond device as a signature. 
 
 Residence. — Kharsal, Sambalpur, Central 
 Provinces. 
 
 MAHAB ALI walad ABBAS ALI KHAN, Mr. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a representative of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Bind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Bind. 
 
296 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MAHABIR PRASHAD SAH, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on loth September 1875, ^o'' ^'^ 
 liberality during the famine of 1873-74, and in recognition of the good 
 services of his family to the Government. 
 
 Residence. — S<iran, Bengal. 
 
 MAHADAJI BALLAL LAGHATB, Rao Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 MAHADEO GOVIND RANADE, C.I.E., Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire 15th February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of 
 Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 MAHADEV WASUDEV BARVE, C.I.E., Rai BaMdur. 
 
 The title of Rai Bahddur is personal, and was conferred on ist January 
 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India. The Rai Bahadur has been created a Companion of the 
 Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire. 
 
 Residence. — Ratnagiri, Bombay. 
 
 MAHARAJ SINGH (of Haldaur), Rdjd BaMdur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 1st January 1878. 
 Residence. — Bijnaur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 MAHARAJ SINGH (of Patan), Rao. 
 
 The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred by the Mughal 
 Emperor of Delhi, through the Subahd.ir Gliair:it Khan, for good services in 
 capturing the fortress of I )hamoni. Belongs to the same family as that of the 
 Rao Bhopdl Singh of Schora, in Sugar district. The Rao Mahdraj Singh is 
 the son of the late Rao Khuman Singh of Patan, whom he succeeded. 
 
 Residence. — Patan, Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 MAHARAJ SINGH, THAKUR, Rai Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1S90. 
 Residence. — Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 I 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 297 
 
 MAHARAM, KISON SINGH, Scim of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S59; succeeded to \ht gadi isth December 1877. The Seim is 
 the Chief of one of the Khasi and Jaintia Hill States, under the Chief Com- 
 missioner of Assam; its population is 7591, consisting chiefly of Khasis 
 and Christians. 
 
 Residence. — Maharam, Khdsi Hills, Assam. 
 
 MAHBUB BAKHSH, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1S79. 
 Residcitce. — Delhi, Punjab. 
 
 MAHBUB KHAN, Xhdn Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1884. 
 Residence. — Muzafifargarh, Punjab. 
 
 MAHENDRA LAL KHAN, Rdjd. See Midnapur, Rdjd of. 
 
 MAHBNDRA LAL SIRCAR, C.I.B. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, ist January 1883. 
 
298 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 t 
 
 The Santak of the Chauh&n 
 Rajputs, called Cftalra, used 
 in the seal and for signature. 
 
 (A circle with four Tnsw/as or 
 Tridents as radii at the car- 
 dinal points.) 
 
 MAHENDRA MAHENDRA SINGH, RAJA (of Bhadd,war), 
 C.I.E., Mahardjd. 
 
 Born 26th September 1835. The title of Mahdrdjd is personal, and 
 was conferred on 25th July 1881 ; but the title of Raja of Bhadawar is here- 
 ditarj', and the Mahdrdjd is the present head and 
 representative of one of the greatest and most 
 powerful historical families of the North-Westem 
 Provinces. He is the Chief of the Bhadauriya 
 sept of the illustrious Chauhan clan of Rajputs ; 
 has married a sister of the Raja of Mainpuri, who 
 is the Chief of all the Chauhans, and has a son and 
 heir, Mahardjkumdr Mahendra Sumrat Singh, born 
 iith October 1875. 1'he Mahdrdjd has been 
 exempted from personal appearance in the Civil 
 Courts, and (together with his retainers) from the 
 operation of certain provisions of the Arms Act. 
 He was created a Companion of the Most Eminent 
 Order of the Indian Empire, 30th May 1891. 
 
 Achal Deo was the ancestor of the Bhadawar 
 family at the time of Timur's invasion, and he appears to have given 
 the name of Bhadauriya to his sept of Rdjputs, from the village of 
 Bhadaura, on the right bank of the Jumna, in the Agra district. In the 
 time of the Emperor Akbar, Rajao Rdwat, then the head of the family, 
 slew a famous Meo freebooter named Haitu, and obtained great honours 
 and rewards from the Great Mughal, including the title of " Mahendra," 
 Lord of the Earth. In the Ain-i-Akban of Abul Fazl, the grandson of 
 Rajao Rdwat is entered as a mamahddr of 500, with the title of Rdjd. 
 At the Court of the Emperor Shdh Jahdn, the Rdjd Padam Singh, 
 Bhadauriya, was a tnausahddr of 1500. Azam Shah, the son of Aurangzeb, 
 and the Emperor Muhammad Shdh, granted sanads to the family, copies 
 of which are in existence. During the palmy days of the Mughal Empire 
 the Rdjd of Bhaddwar was reckoned, with the Rdjds of Jaipur, Jodhpur, 
 and Bundi, as one of the four Hindu "Pillars of the Empire"; and the 
 history of the family is full and interesting. In the time of Lord Lake's 
 campaigns against the ^L1hrattas, and subsequently, the Rdjds of Bhaddwar 
 rendered valuable aid to the British arms. The late Rdjd Samait Singh, who 
 died without issue in 1840, was the son of Rdjd Partdb Singh; and the 
 present Mahdrdjd was the adopted son of Rdjd Samait Singh, and succeeded 
 him. The Mahdrdjd " showed conspicuous zeal and loyalty " during the period 
 of the Mutiny of 1857 ; his levies barred the way of the mutineers through his 
 territories, and successfully guarded x\\q ghdts of the Chambal and Jumna. 
 Residence. — Naugaon, Agra District, North-Western Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 299 
 
 MAHBSH CHANDRA CHAKRAVARTTI, Rat Bahddtir. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 29th May 1886. 
 Residence. — Jessore, Bengal. 
 
 MAHESH CHANDRA NYAYARATNA, C.I.E., 
 
 Alahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 The title of Mahamahopadhyaya was conferred as a personal distinction 
 on i6th February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty, for eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him 
 to take rank in Darbar immediately after titular Rajas. The Mahamahopad- 
 hyaya, who is one of the most distinguished Sanskrit scholars in India, 
 belongs to a Kulin Braliman family of the highest rank, the Bhattacharyya 
 family of Narit, which has long been distinguished for the zealous cultivation 
 of Sanskrit learning, and the number of learned Pandits it has produced. 
 His father, Harinarayana Tarkasiddhanta, and his two uncles, Guruprasada 
 Tarkapanchanana and Thakurdasa Churamani, were eminent Pandits. He 
 married, in the year 1848, the daughter of Pandit Ram Chand Tarkabagis of 
 Sonagachi, in the Jehanabad subdivision of the district of Hugh. He has 
 a brother. Pandit Madhabchandra Sarbabhauma, Sabha Pandit of Moisadal 
 Raj. He has a daughter and three sons — Manmathanath Vidyaratna, M.A. 
 (of the Financial Department of the Government of India), born April 1863; 
 Munindranath Bhattacharyya, M.A., B.L. (Vakil of the High Court of 
 Calcutta), born February 1868; and Mahimanath Bhattacharyya, B.A., 
 born April 1870. He was created a Companion of the Most Eminent 
 Order of the Indian Empire, 24th May 1881 ; and the estimation in which 
 he is held by Indian scholars is marked by his title of " Nyayaratna." He 
 succeeded, after an interval. Professor E.B. Cowell (now Professor of Sanskrit 
 in the University of Cambridge) as Principal of the Sanskrit College of 
 Calcutta. During the tenure of the Principalship he has taken the initiative 
 in the institution, by the Government of Bengal, of an examination, called the 
 Sanskrit Title Examination, for the conferment of titles on meritorious 
 students of special departments of Sanskrit learning. To this examination 
 are admitted students from indigenous institutions (called Chatuspathis or 
 Tols) as well as from the special classes that have been organised in connec- 
 tion with the Sanskrit College. The Title E.xamination has been the means 
 of stimulating in some measure, all over Bengal, the rather waning zeal 
 for the cultivation of Sanskrit learning. The titles given — Nydyaratna, 
 Vidyaratna, etc. — are those of the ancient Sanskrit Pandits in the Universities 
 of Nadiya, Benares, and elsewhere. He has edited, with copious Notes, the 
 Kdvya Prakds ; also the Mimdnsd Darsana, and the Black Yajur Veda. He 
 has written many pamphlets, such as Remarks on Daydnanda Sarasvati's 
 Vcda-Bhds/iya, Tulasidhdrana Alimdnsd, The Authorship of Mrichchhakatika, 
 Lupta Samvatsara. He has done much for the general encouragement of 
 Sanskrit learning ; and also, by pecuniary help and otherwise, in furtherance 
 of famine-relief, the promotion of education, and the opening out of means 
 of communication. He maintains a secondary school (a High Anglo- 
 Sanskrit School) at his native village of Narit ; and he has not only greatly 
 improved the roads in and near about this village, but has taken a leading 
 
30O THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 part in the opening out of good roads and tramways in his native District. 
 The Mahamahopadhydya is a Member of the Bengal Asiatic Society, the 
 Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, the Calcutta University, 
 the Board of Examiners, the Central Text Book Committee of Bengal, the 
 Behar Sanskrit Saniaj and the Anthropological Society of Bombay ; and he 
 has lately been elected a Foreign Member of the Hungarian Academy of 
 Sciences at Buda-Pesth. He is also Joint-Secretary of the Hindu Hostel 
 Committee, a Member of the Bethune (Girls') College Committee, and a 
 Visitor of the Government Engineering College at Sibpur in the neighbour- 
 hood of Calcutta. 
 
 Residences. — Calcutta ; and Ndrit, Amta, Howrah. 
 
 MAHESH SITLA BAKHSH SINGH (of Basti), Jidjd. 
 
 Born 1848. The title is hereditary, the Rajas of Basti belonging to a 
 Kshatriya family claiming descent from a scion of the ancient Rajds of 
 Kalhans. The founder of the latter family was Sej, who, with Tej his brother, 
 in the 14th century came to Oudh and conquered the territories of the 
 Dom Raja of Gonda. Tenth in descent from Sej was Rdja Achal Singh, 
 who granted Basti to his cousin, ancestor of the present Raja. The Rdjd 
 has two sons — Ldl Patesir Partab Nardyan Singh, born 8th August 1870 ; and 
 Babu Bhavaneshwari Partdb Nardyan Singh, born 23rd February 1873. 
 
 Residence. — Basti, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 MAHBSHWAR PRASAD SINGH, Mahdnij-kumdr Rao. 
 
 Is the brotlicr of the Mahardjd Bahadur of Gidhaur in Bengal. Educated 
 in Sanskrit, Persian, Hindi, and English. 
 Residence. — Gidhaur, Bengal. 
 
 MAHIMA RANJAN RAI CHAUDHRI, Rdjd. 
 
 Born 3rd February 1854. The title was conferred on i6th February- 
 1887, as a personal distinction, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of 
 Her Most Gracious Majesty. The Raja is the son of the late Bdbu Sambhu 
 Chandra Rai Chaudhri. Belongs to the Chaudhri family of Kakina, Rang- 
 pur, whose ancestors first settled in the district in the reign of Charles I., at 
 which period Rdnia Ndth Chaki was in the service of the Rdjd of Kuch 
 Behar. His son, Raghu Rdm, became the Seudpati or Commander-in-Chief 
 of the Kuch Behar forces. His son, Rdm Nardyan, became the first Zamin- 
 ddr of Kakina under the Mughals when they gained possession of Rangpur 
 in 1687, and ol)taincd the title of Chaudhri ; he died in 17 10. His son, 
 Rdjd Rai Chaudhri, and his grandson, Rudra Rai Chaudhri, followed in suc- 
 cession ; the latter died in 1768, shortly after the passing of Rangpur into 
 British possession. His son, Rasik Rai Chaudhri, died in 1770, leaving a 
 minor son and heir ; his widow, Alaknanda Chaudhurani, successfully ad- 
 ministered the Zaminddri until her son, Rdm Rudra Rai Chaudhri, succeeded 
 in 1784. The latter, who was distinguished as a philanthropist and scholar, 
 died in 1S20, and was succeeded in turn by his eldest son and grandson ; 
 the latter dying without issue in 1850 was followed by his cousin Sambhu 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 301 
 
 Chandra Rai Chaudhri (son of Ram Rudra's younger son), mentioned above 
 as the father of the present Raja. He was renowned as a Vedanta scholar, 
 and a friend to Sanskrit learning ; he founded a Bengali press, and kept a 
 number of Pandits engaged in translating Sanskrit works into Persian, and 
 vice versa. His son, the present Raja, educated at Rangpur School, suc- 
 ceeded to the estate as a minor ; attained his majority in 187 1. Has founded 
 several schools and charitable institutions ; is a poet, author, and speaker on 
 religious and political subjects, and a composer of many national songs. He 
 married in 1868 Man Mohini Rai Chaudhurani, and has issue, a son, Kumar 
 Mahendra Ranjan Rai Chaudhri, born 19th September 1874. The family 
 crest is an angel, volant, proper ; the motto — Nisi Dominus frustra. 
 Residences. — Rdjbiri, Kakina ; Rangpur, Benares. 
 
 MAHIP SINGH (of Saliyd), Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred by the Raja 
 Hindi Shah, Gond Raja of Garha-Mandla. Belongs to a family claiming 
 descent from Tej Singh, of Tejgarh, in the Damoh district of the Central 
 Provinces. Raja Chandra Hans received the title of Raja, and some lands 
 in the Jabalpur district, from Raja Hindi Shah of Garha-Mandla, for services 
 rendered in demolishing Nanagarh, a fort in the Bilaspur district. Raja 
 Chandra Hans was succeeded by his son, who was the father of the present 
 Raja. 
 
 Residence. — Saliyd, Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 MAHIP ATRAM RUPRAM NILKANTH, C.I.B., Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title of Rao Saheb is personal, and was conferred on the 26th 
 March 1S61. The Rao Saheb has also been created a Companion of the 
 Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire. 
 
 Residence. — Ahmadabad, Bombay. 
 
 MAHLOG, THAKUR RAGHNATH GRAND, Thdkiir of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S61 ; succeeded to the gadi i6th May 1880. Belongs to a 
 Rajput (Hindu) family, claiming descent from the Rajput Chief Rand Hari 
 Cliand, who in early times came on a pilgrimage, conquered the country, and 
 founded the State of Mahlog. The Gurkhas overran the district between 
 1803 and 181 5; and on their expulsion in the latter year by the British 
 Power, the Thakur was confirmed in the possession of his State by a sanad 
 from the British Government, dated 4th September 181 5. Thirty-four 
 generations of chiefs intervened between Rand Hari Chand and the late 
 Thakur Dalip Chand, who succeeded to the gadi in 1849, and died in 1880. 
 Mahlog is one of the Simla Hill States, and its area is 53 square miles ; its 
 population about 9169, chiefly Hindus. The Thdkur maintains a military 
 force of 30 men. 
 
 Residence. — Mahlog, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
f 
 
 i 
 
 » 
 
 I 
 
 302 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA | 
 
 MAHMUD JILANI, SHAIKH, Shavis-ul-Ulama. \ 
 
 This title is a personal one, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty, 
 for eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in Darbdr 
 immediately after titular Nawabs. 
 
 Resilience. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 MAHMUD KHAN, MIR (of KalAt), CLE. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, ist January 1878. 
 
 Residence. — Kaldt, Baluchist<in. 
 
 MAHMUDABAD, Rdjd of. See Muhammad Amir Hasan Khan. 
 MAHOMED. See Muhammad. 
 MAHOMET. See Muhammad. 
 
 MAHTAB KUNWAR (of Katiari), Kdni. 
 
 The title of Raja was conferred, as a personal distinction, on the late 
 Rdjd Tilak Singh of Katiari, in the district of Hardoi, Oudh, on the 23rd 
 of April 1S78. The Rdjd has recently died, and his widow, the Rdni, has 
 succeeded him. 
 
 Residence. — Katidri, Hardoi, Oudh. 
 
 MAHTAB SINGH (of Lidhr&n), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Sarddr being a descendant of Sarddr Jai Singh, 
 who joined the Nishanwdla tnisl or confederacy which opposed Zain Khan, 
 the Governor of Sirhind, who was slain in battle. Sarddr Jai Singh obtained 
 considerable territories in Lidhran, Ludhidna, and in Kharar, .'\mbdla, about 
 1759 .\.i). On the invasion of .\hmad Shah Durani he fled to the hills, and 
 lost some of his .Xmbdla possessions, which before his return had fallen into 
 the hands of the Mahdrdjd of Patiala. He was succeeded by his only son, 
 Sarddr Charat Singh, who had three wives, by each of whom he had children, 
 who succeeded to his estate in accordance with the rule of Chanda I'andn, 
 which is the custom of this family. Sarddr Mahtdb Singh is the son of the 
 S.ardar Budh Singh, who was born in 181 2, and rendered excellent service 
 to Government during the Mutiny of 1857, for which he received a suitable 
 reward. 
 
 Residence. — Lidhrdn, Ludhidna, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 303 
 
 MAIHAR, RAJA RAGHBIR SINGH, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1843 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor in 1852. Belongs to a 
 Jogi (mendicant ascetic) family of Hindus ; descended from Beni Hazuri, 
 who was in the service of the Bundela Raja of Panna, and ultimately obtained 
 from his master the/c/f/V of Maihar, with the title of Rais. When Baghel- 
 khand became British territory by the Treaty of Bassein in 1802, Durjan 
 Singh, the youngest son of Beni Hazuri, was in possession of Maihar, and 
 he was confirmed by the British Government. The grandfather of the 
 present Raja was the grandson of Durjan Singh. The Raja Raghbir Singh 
 obtained the title of Raja, in place of the older title of Rais, on 14th February 
 1869; he has a son and heir, named Jadbir Singh. The area of the State 
 is 400 square miles; its population is 71,709, chiefly Hindus, but including 
 more than 10,000 belonging to aboriginal tribes. The Raja maintains a 
 military force of 8 cavalry, 227 infantry, and 7 guns; and is entitled to a 
 salute of 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Maihar, Baghelkhand, Central India. 
 
 MAING KAING, KUN HMON, Myoza of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Myoza is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma frontier, 
 which has an area of about 800 square miles, and a population consisting 
 almost entirely of Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Maing Kaing, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 MAING NAUNG, KUN TUN, Afjosa of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Myoza is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma frontier, 
 which has an area of about 900 square miles, and a population consisting 
 mainly of Shans, with a few Yins. 
 
 Residence. — Maing Naung, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 MAING PAN, KUN HLAING, Sazv&7m of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Sawbwa is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma frontier. 
 This State has four considerable feudatory States on the other side of the 
 Salwin river, named Maing Han, Maing Sut, Maing Ta, and Maing Tun. 
 Including these its area is about 3000 square miles ; and most of the 
 Sawbwa's subjects are Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Maing Pan, Shan States, Burma. 
 
304 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MAING PUN, KUN TI, Sa7ubwa of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Sawbwa is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma frontier, 
 which has an area of about 800 square miles, and a population consisting 
 mainly of Shans. 
 
 Resiilaia: — Maing Pun, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 MAING SEIK, KUN PWIN, Myosa of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Myoza is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma frontier, 
 which has an area of about 4000 square miles (more than three-fourths as 
 large as the kingdom of Saxony), and a population consisting almost entirely 
 of Shans. 
 
 Resilience. — Maing Seik, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 MAING SHU, KUN MAHA, Myoza of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Myoza is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma frontier, 
 which has an area of about 100 square miles, and a population consisting 
 mainly of Shans, with a good many Yins. 
 
 Kesidencc. — Maing Shu, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 MAING SIN, KUN KYAW, Myoza of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Myoza is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma frontier, 
 which has an area of about 50 square miles, and a population consisting 
 largely of Shans, with some Yins. 
 
 Resilience. — Maing Sin, Shan States, Bunna. 
 MAINPURI, Rdjd of. See Ranipartdb Singh of Mainpuri, Rdjd. 
 MAJHAULI, Rdjd of See Udai Narayan Mai of Majhauli, Rdjd. 
 
 MAKAT SINGH, Rao. 
 
 Born 1833. The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred on 
 the Thdkur ancestors of the Rao Makat Singh hy the Raja Gydn Chand, and 
 having long been recognised. The Kao has two grandsons — Lai Singh, born 
 2Sth June 1869 ; and I^dan Singh, born 2nd April 1874. 
 
 Residence. — Cawnpur, North-Wcstem Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 305 
 
 MAKRAI, RAJA BHARAT SAH, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1846; succeeded to the .j,'^(Z(// 5th December 1866. Belongs to a 
 very ancient Gond (aboriginal) family, in which the title of " Raja Hatiya 
 Rai," originally conferred by the Emperor of Delhi, has been held from time 
 immemorial. The Raja is entitled to be attended by a red-coloured flag as 
 a banner, and a dhaiika or drum. The State has an area of 155 square 
 miles; and a population of 16,764, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Makrai, Hoshangabad, Central Provinces. 
 
 MAKSUD ALI KHAN, MAULAVI, Khan Bahadur, Wall Kddr. 
 
 Born 1 2th July 1829. The title of Khan Bahadur was conferred on ist 
 January 1886, and that of Wali Kadr on 2nd January 1888, both as personal 
 distinctions, and in recognition of the position and eminent services to the 
 Government of the Maulavi and his family. Belongs to a Pathan (Umarkhel) 
 family of the Muhanimadans, long resident in Shahjahanpur, well known 
 for their loyalty, many members of which have rendered good service in 
 the Judicial Service. The Khan Bahadur was appointed to the Judicial 
 Service in 1851 ; and when at Gajner during the Mutiny of 1857 he saved 
 the records of his office from the rebels. On retirement from the Govern- 
 ment service he acted for some time as Chief Justice of the State of Bhopal. 
 
 Residence. — Shahjahanpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 MAKSUDANGARH, RAJA RAGHUNATH SINGH, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1849; succeeded to the gadi as a minor in November 1865. 
 Belongs to a Khichi Rajput (Hindu) family, claiming descent from Raja 
 Durjan Sal, an ancient Khichi chief of the Rajputs. The State is a feudatory 
 of Gwalior; its population is about 12,000, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Maksudangarh, Bhopil, Central India. 
 
 MALAISOHMAT, U. LAT SINGH, Seim of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1859 ; succeeded to the g-adi loth April 1890. The Seim is Chief 
 of one of the Khasi and Jaintia Hill States, under the Chief Commissioner 
 of Assam ; its population is about 450, consisting chiefly of Khasis and 
 Christian converts. 
 
 Residence. — Malaisohmat, Khdsi Hills, Assam. 
 
 MALAK RAJ, Rai Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — 
 
 X 
 
3o6 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MALER KOTLA, HIS HIGHNESS NAWAB MUHAMMAD 
 IBRAHIM ALI KHAN BAHADUR, iXaivdb Bahadur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1858; succeeded to the gadi i6th July 187 1. Belongs to an 
 Afghan family, whose ancestor. Shaikh Sadr-ud-din, came from Kabul about 
 the end of the 15th century, and obtained in marriage a daughter of the 
 Afghan Emperor of Delhi, with a territory in the province of Sirhind as her 
 dowry. Fifth in descent from him was Bazid Khan, who obtained the title 
 of Nawab from the Emperor Alamgir, and founded the town of Mdler Kotia 
 in 1657 .\.D. The State gradually became independent during the decay of 
 the Imperial power of Delhi in the iSth century, but being under Afghan 
 and Muhammadan rulers, it was frequently involved in feuds with its Sikh 
 neighbours, and especially with the powerful Chiefs of Patidla. In 1732 the 
 Nawab Jamal Khan aided the Imperialist troops against Raja Ala Singh of 
 Patiala ; and again in 1761 the same Nawab aided the forces of Ahmad 
 Shah Dunini against the Sikhs. Jamdl Khan's son, however, the Nawab 
 Bhikan Khan, experienced the vengeance of the Sikhs ; and being hard 
 pressed by the forces of the Raja Amar Singh of Patiala, was forced to sign 
 a treaty, under which peace ensued for many years. In 1787 the Raja of 
 Patiala aided the Nawab of Mdler Kotla against the Sikh Sardar of Bhadaur. 
 In 1794 a combination of Sikh Sardars attacked Mdler Kotla under the 
 Bedi Saheb Singh, a descendant of the great Sikh Guru, Bdba Ndnak. 
 The Nawdb was besieged in Mdler Kotla, and reduced to extremities, when 
 he was saved from destruction by the intcr\ention of the Rajd of Patidla. 
 In General Lake's campaigns against the Mahrattas, the Nawdb of Mdler 
 Kotla joined the British army with all his followers; and in 1809 was taken 
 under British protection, and guaranteed against the encroachments of the 
 Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore. The late Nawdb, Sikandar Ali Khan, in 
 1862, obtained the assurance of the British Government that any succession 
 in accordance with Muhammadan law would be respected ; and accordingly, 
 when he died without issue in 1 871, he was succeeded by the present Nawab, 
 the heir of a collateral branch of the family. The area of the State is 164 
 square miles; its population is about 71,000, of whom the Sikhs number 
 about 28,000, the Muhammadans about 24,000, and the Hindus about 
 16,000. The Nawab enjoys the title of "His Highness" as a personal 
 distinction. He maintains a militar)- force of 60 cavalry, 228 infantr)-, and 
 6 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 1 1 guns, including 2 guns which were 
 added to the salute as a personal distinction on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Majesty as Empress of India. 
 
 Residence. — Mdler Kotla, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 307 
 
 MALHAR RAO, INGLI, Rao. 
 
 Born 1827. The title is hereditary, the family having been the rulers 
 of Jabalpur district during the time of the Mahratta Government. The Rao 
 possesses a sanad of the time of the Emperor Shah Alam, which styles his 
 ancestor Raja Ambaji Bahadur Ingli, and shows that at a Darbar held by 
 the Emperor Shah Alam a very high position was conferred on this family, 
 and the management of several tdlukas entrusted to them. Rao Gangadhar 
 Ingli, father of the present Rao, was ruler of Jabalpur under the Mahratta 
 Government. 
 
 Residence. — Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 MALIA, THAKUR MODHJI MULVAJI, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born ist July 1846; succeeded to ihe ^^adi 23rd June 1875. Belongs 
 to the great Jareja Rajput (Hindu) family which has given ruling Houses to 
 Kutch, Nawanagar, and Morvi ; the Malia family being an offshoot of the 
 Morvi branch. The Thakur has a son and heir named Raisinghji. The 
 area of the State is 102 square miles ; its population 11,224, chiefly Hindus. 
 The Thakur maintains a military force of 25 cavalry, 49 infantry, and i gun. 
 
 Residence. — Malia, Kdthidwir, Bombay. 
 
 MALLIBM, HAIN MANIK, Scim of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1843 ; succeeded to the gadi i6th December 1868. The Seim is 
 Chief of one of the Khasi and Jaintia Hill States, under the Chief Com- 
 missioner of Assam; its population is 12,338, consisting chiefly of Khasis 
 and Christian converts. 
 
 Residenic. — Malliem (or Mylliem), Khasi Hills, Assam. 
 
 MALPUR, RAWAL DIPSINGHJI SHBOSINGHJI, Rdwal of. • 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S63; succeeded to the gadi 12th April 1882, on the death of 
 his father, the late Rawal Sheosinghji Khumansinghji. The Rawal belongs 
 to the illustrious family of the Chiefs of the Rahtor clan of Rajputs, claiming 
 descent from the legendary hero Rama and the ancient Rahtor Emperors of 
 Kanauj of the Suryavansi or Solar race, through the ancient Raos of Idar. 
 The Rawal is the direct descendant of Rawal Virajmal, the founder of the 
 Malpur State, who was a younger son of Kirathsinghji, eighth Rao of Idar. 
 The area of the State, which is tributary to Baroda, and pays kichri to Idar, 
 is 324 square miles; its population 14,009, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Mdlpur, Mdhi K.intha, Bombay. 
 
 MAN, MAUNG, Thuye-gaiing Ngiveda ya Min. 
 
 The title (which is indicated by the letters T.D.M. after the name) is 
 personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. It means " Recipient of 
 the Silver Sword for Bravery." 
 
 Residence.- — Prome, Bunna. 
 
3o8 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MAN SINGH, C.I.E., Sarddr Bahddur. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, ist January 1886. 
 
 Residence. — Punjab. 
 
 MAN SINGH (of Sarwan), Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 31st October 1879. 
 Residence. — Ratldm, Central India. 
 
 MAN SINGH, SODHI, Sarddr Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred on 24th May 1S82, as a personal distinction. 
 Residence. — Firozpur, Punjab. 
 
 MAN SINGH, THAKUR, Rat Bahddur. 
 
 The title of Rai Bahadur is persona), and was conferred on i 2th March 
 1875, '" recognition of the excellent services rendered by the Thakur in the 
 famine of 1873-74. 
 
 Residence. — Sukpur, Bhdgalpur, Bengal. 
 
 MANA SINGH (of Mokal), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sardar is the head of the Mokal family of 
 Sindhu Jats, whose ancestors rose to considerable power and importance 
 during the reign of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Sardar Bela Singh (cousin 
 of Sardar Kdhan Singh, Mana Singh's father), with bis son Surjan Singh, 
 fought on the Sikh side at the battles of Mudki, Firuzshahr, and Sobraon ; 
 and Bela Singh, severely wounded at Sobrdon, was drowned in the Sutlej in the 
 vain attempt to ford the river after the bridge-of-boats had been broken down. 
 In 1S58 Sardar Mana Singh was appointed an officer of the 5th Banda 
 Military Police ; and in SeiJtember he greatly distinguished himself by the 
 gallantry with which he led his troop against very superior numbers of the 
 enemy — when he was wounded in the head, and his horse was wounded 
 under him. On his retirement in i86i he was made Honorary Police 
 Magistrate of twenty-eight villages in the neighbourhood of his ancestral seat 
 of Mokal ; and in 1862 received a considerable grant of land. He has 
 three sons — (i) Narayan Singh, born 1849; (2) Partib Singh, born 1852; 
 (3) Ldl Singh, born 1855. 
 
 Residence. — Mokal, Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 MANA VARMA RAJA, Rdjd. See Kadattanad. 
 
 MANA VIKRAMA BAHADUR, K.C.S.I. (of Calicut), 
 Mahdrdjd Sir, Zamorin. See Calicut. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 309 
 
 MANA VIKRAMA RAJA, Rdjd, The Eralpad. 
 
 Born I S3 2. "The Eralpad" is the courtesy title borne by the heir- 
 apparent to the Zamorin, or First Raja of Calicut, under the Marinnakka- 
 tayam law of inheritance, by which the succession goes to the offspring of 
 the female members of the family, amongst whom the eldest male is the heir- 
 apparent. The Eralpad bears also the title of Second Raja of Calicut {see 
 Calicut). 
 
 Resideiue. — Calicut, Malabar District, Madras. 
 
 MANCHERJI KAWASJI MARZBAN, C.I.E., Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born 7th July 1839. The title was conferred on ist January 1877, as a 
 personal distinction, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. A respected member of the Parsi 
 community, the Khan Bahadur was educated at the Elphinstone High School, 
 the Poena College, and the Poona School of Engineering. Has rendered 
 distinguished service in the Public Works Department of Bombay, is a C.E., 
 and the Executive Engineer of the Presidency City of Bombay, in recognition 
 whereof he has been created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of 
 the Indian Empire, as well as Khan Bahadur. Is a J. P. of Bombay ; Fellow 
 of the Bombay University ; an Associate Member of the Institute of Civil 
 Engineering, and a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects. 
 Was elected President of the Municipal Corporation of the City of Bombay in 
 April 1890. Married Gulbai, daughter of Danaji Kueeoji, Mirza; and has 
 issue, a son, named Murzban, born 15th August 1858; and a daughter, 
 Mithibai, married to Jehangir D. Mugasett, Esq., of Calicut. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 MANCHERJI MBHRWANJI BHAUNAGRI, C.I.E. 
 
 Has acted as the representative of His Highness the Maharaja of 
 Bhaunagar on many important occasions in England ; and was created a 
 Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, 28th June 
 1886, for his distinguished services both to the State of Bhaunagar and to 
 the Indian Empire. Is a Member of Council of the National Indian 
 Association and of other public bodies. 
 
 Residence. — Bhaunagar, Kdthiiwdr, Bombay ; and Northbrook Indian Club, 
 London. 
 
 MANCHERJI RUSTAMJI DHOLU, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 1888. 
 Residence. — Aden. 
 
 MANDAWAL, RAW AT KESRI SINGH, Rdwat of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1858 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor in 1861. Belongs to a 
 Doria Rajput (Hindu) family. The population of the State is about 2000. 
 
 Residence. — Mandiwal, Western Mdlwd, Central India. 
 
310 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MANDI, HIS HIGHNESS EAJA BIJE SAIN BAHADUR, 
 
 jRiijd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1846; succeeded to the .c^f// as a minor 26th January 1851. 
 Belongs to a Rdjput (Hindu) family of the Chandravansi or Lunar race; 
 whose successive Rajds ruled from the earliest ages over the combined States 
 of Suket and Mandi, until the year 1200 a.d. About that time the reigning 
 Chief of Suket, named Sahu Sain, quarrelled with his younger brother ; the 
 latter left Suket to seek his fortunes elsewhere, and his descendant, Ajbar 
 Sain, founded the town of Mandi, and was the first Raja of this State. At 
 the time of the (lurkha invasion in 1S03, Isri Sain was the Rdja of Mandi ; 
 he submitted to the invaders on condition of being left unmolested. After 
 the expulsion of the Gurkhas by the British Power in 1S15, Mandi came 
 under the control of the Superintendent of the Hill States appointed by the 
 Sikh Government of Lahore; and it suffered greatly from the turbulence 
 of the Sikh army after the death of the Mahdraja Ranjit Singh in 1839. 
 General Ventura, the Sikh commander, invaded the State, and reduced the 
 celebrated fort of Kamlagarh, and the Raja in vain besought the aid of the 
 British. But at last, about the time of the first Sikh war, the British 
 Government consented to intervene. In February 1846 the Rdjd Balbir 
 Sain formally tendered his allegiance. By the treaty of March 1846 with 
 the Sikhs, Mandi with the whole of the Jdlandhar Doab was ceded to the 
 British Government ; and Rdjd Balbir Sain in October of the same year 
 received a satiad, confirming him in his possessions under conditions of 
 feudal service. Balbir Sain died in 1851, and was succeeded by his son, the 
 present Rdjd, then a minor. According to the traditions of the country 
 there were at one time no fewer than 300 fortresses in this State ; but of 
 these only about ten now exist in any preservation — the most famous being 
 the hill-fort of Kamlagarh mentioned above. The area of the State is 1 125 
 square miles; its population is about 140,000, chiefly Hindus, but including 
 more than 2000 Muhammadans. The Rdjd Bahadur maintains a military force 
 of 25 cavalry, 1600 infantry, and 10 guns; and is entitled to a salute of ii 
 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Mandi, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 311 
 
 MANDVA, RANA JITSINGHJI, Rami of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S77; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 13th September 1890. 
 Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family. The area of the State is 7 square 
 miles. 
 
 Residence. — Mandva, Rewd Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 MANESHWAR BAKHSH SINGH (of MaUanpur), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1850. The title of the family having been originally Rao, that of 
 Raja was recognised as hereditary in 1864, when the present Raja succeeded 
 to it as a minor, belongs to a Raikwar family, descended from the Raikwars 
 of Baundi {see Sarabjit Singh, Raja). The founder of this branch of the 
 family was Ratan Singh. About the year 1580 a.d. the family acquired 
 considerable possessions in the Sitapur district ; and subsequently extended 
 their territory into the districts of Kheri and Bahraich. Raja Maneshwar 
 Bakhsh Singh, Raikwar, was educated at Benares and^ Lucknow under the 
 Court of Wards, by whom his estates were managed for many years. He is 
 an Honorary Magistrate ; and has a son and heir, Kunwar Debi Bakhsh 
 Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Mallanpur, Kheri, Oudh. 
 
 MANGAL, RANA JIT SINGH, Rdnd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1830; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 9th November 1844. 
 Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family. The State was anciently a feudatory of 
 Kahlur {q.v.) ; but after the expulsion of the Gurkhas, who had overrun it 
 from 1803 to 18 1 5, by the British Power, the latter declared Mangal to be 
 dependent only on the British Government. The sanad of the latter is dated 
 20th December 18 15. The Rana has a son and heir, named Tilok Singh. 
 The area of the State, which is one of the Simla Hill States, is 13 square 
 miles; its population is io6o, chiefly Hindus. The Rand maintains a 
 military force of 2 5 men. 
 
 Residence. — Mangal, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 MANGAL SINGH, CLE. (of Bhinai), Rdjd Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred on :st January 1877, as a personal distinction, 
 on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India. 
 
 Residence. — Ajmir. 
 
 MANGAL SINGH, THAKUR (of Garhi), Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title of Rai Bahadur is a personal one, and was conferred on ist 
 January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty as Empress of India. 
 
 Residence. — Alwar, Rcijputina. 
 
312 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MANIBHAI JASBHAT, Diwdn Bahadur, His Excellency. 
 Prime Minister of Baroda. 
 
 Born 1844. The title of Diwdn Bahadur was conferred, as a personal 
 distinction, on 30th October 1SS4. His Excellency has rendered valuable 
 service to His Highness the Gaekwar, to His Highness the Rao of Kutch, 
 and in other States of Western India. Belongs to a Vadnagra Nagar 
 Brahman family of Nariad in Gujardt. In 1870 he was invited by His 
 Highness the Nawab of Junagadh to a seat in his Council ; and becoming 
 Chief Justice of that State, he introduced important reforms in the Judicial 
 and Police Departments. Between 1872 and 1876 he rendered admirable 
 service as native assistant to the Resident, first at Palanpur, and then at 
 Baroda; and on 25th September 1875, at a public Darbdr held at Baroda, 
 the title of Rao Bahadur was conferred on him, together with a valuable 
 khilat. In May 1876 Mr. Manibhai was appointed Diwdn of Kutch, at the 
 express desire of His late Highness the Maharaja Pragmalji, then Rao of 
 Kutch. Here he introduced great and most beneficial reforms in all 
 departments, especially in the collection of the revenue, and in education 
 and sanitation ; and his tact and judgment largely contributed to the settle- 
 ment of a long-standing dispute as to jurisdiction between the Rao and 
 his feudatories of the Royal House, the Bhayad. In 1884 he obtained the 
 title of Diwdn Bahddur, with a valuable khilat. With a short interval, 
 during which he returned to the Baroda Service, he administered the govern- 
 ment of Kutch until the close of 1885 ; and on again returning to Baroda, 
 he received very substantial recognition of the value of his services from 
 His Highness the present Rao of Kutch. For more than four years he was 
 at the head of various departments in Baroda; and in May 1890 the 
 Maharaja Gaekwdr appointed him Diwdn or Prime Minister of that great 
 State. In Baroda his administration has been thoroughly successful, and he 
 has also published some important works in Gujardti and English. He has 
 issue, three daughters and two sons — Motibhai (of the University of 
 Bombay), aged about twenty-four ; and Hirabhai, aged about fifteen. 
 
 Residence. — Pctlad, Baroda State. 
 
 MANIKJI KAWASJI DOTIVALA, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Granted the title of Khan Bahddur, as a personal distinction, in recog- 
 nition of eminent services rendered to the Public Works Department of 
 Bombay, 2nd January 1S93. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 MANIPUR, RAJA CRURA CHAND, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Bom 1886 ; succeeded to the.c/*// i8th September 1S91. Belongs to a 
 Kshatriya (Hindu) family, descended from Raja Churai Romba, who obtained 
 the Rdj about the beginning of the :8th century. His adopted son (formerly 
 named Pamheiba) was the Rdjd Gharib Nawaz, who made several successful 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 313 
 
 invasions of Burma. In the time of his grandson, the Raja Jai Singh {alias 
 Ching Tung Romba), the Burmese invaded Manipur ; the Raja was com- 
 pelled to seek British aid, and a treaty was concluded in 1762. Again in 
 1824, in the reign of the Raja Gambhir Singh, the State was overrun by the 
 Burmese ; but the latter were at length expelled by the aid of British levies, 
 and when peace was concluded in 1826 Gambhir Singh was able to extend 
 his boundaries by the inclusion of the Kubo valley. The latter territorj- was, 
 however, restored to Burma in 1834. In that year the Raja Gambhir Singh 
 died, and the State subsequently has suffered much from internal dissensions 
 and frequent changes of rulers. These disorders at length became unendur- 
 able, and in 1890 the Government of India resolved to put an end to them. 
 The first attempt to intervene was disastrous, as it was attended by the 
 massacre of a considerable British force, including some high officers of 
 State. The outrage was immediately followed by condign punishment, and 
 all those who were responsible for the massacre were either hanged or other- 
 wise rigorously dealt with. In this State the Prince next in succession to 
 the gadi has the courtesy title of Yuvardj or Jiibardj, and the next in dignity 
 to him is called the Sendpafi (sometimes spelt " Senaputty "). On the 
 deposition of the late Raja — who had enjoyed the title of Maharaja as a 
 personal distinction — these persons were found to have been implicated in 
 the recent outrages, and were punished accordingly. The State had techni- 
 cally lapsed, on account of the rebellion ; but it was resolved to select a 
 youthful Rd.ja from among the descendants of the ruling family, and to 
 continue the political existence of Manipur as a feudatory State, and there- 
 upon the present Raja was placed on the gadi. The State has an area of 
 about 8000 square miles, and a population estimated at about 220,000, 
 chiefly Hindus, but including about 4881 Muhammadans, and 85,288 
 belonging to various Hill tribes. 
 Residence. — Manipur, Assam. 
 
 MANOHAR SINGH (of Pathrdla), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1839. The title is hereditary. Sardar Diwan Singh, grandfather of 
 the present Sardar, and son of Sardar Sohel Singh, about the year 1759 a.d. 
 conquered certain territory in the Jalandhar district. His brother-in-law, 
 Sardar Baghel Singh, was also a celebrated Sikh leader of those days. When 
 the Maharaja Ranjit Singh conquered the Jalandhar Doab, he deprived the 
 family of much of their possessions. One of the sons of Sardar Diwan 
 Singh was the late Sardar Fateh Singh, father of the present Sardar. Sardar 
 Manohar Singh has two sons — Sardar Sundar Singh and Sardar Dasaundha 
 Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Pathrdla, Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 MANSA, RAWAL SHRI TAKHTSINGHJI, Rdwal of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1877 ; succeeded to \}L\e. gadi as a minor i8th May 1889. Belongs 
 to a Chaura Rajput (Hindu) family, whose founder, Rawal Sursinghji, a scion 
 of the ancient Chaura Rajput dynasty that reigned at Anhilwara Patau, 746 
 
314 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF IXDL\ 
 
 to 942 A.D., appears to have obtained an assignment of territory at Mansa on 
 the downfall of the Anhilwara Patan dynasty. The late Rawal of Mansa, 
 Rdjsinghji Bhimsinghji, was fourteenth in descent from Sursinghji. The 
 area of the State is 73 square miles; its population is 13,299, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Minsa, Mihi K^ntha, Bombay. 
 
 MANSHARAM walad WATANMAL, Rao Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 14th January 1888. 
 Residence. — Sehwan, Sind. 
 
 MAOIONG, JIT SINGH, Seim of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1842; succeeded to the gadi 27th August 1867. The Seim is 
 Chief of one of the Khdsi and Jaintia Hill States, under the Chief Com- 
 missioner of Assam; its population is 1646, consisting chiefly of Khasis and 
 Christian converts. 
 
 Residence. — Maoiong, Khisi Hills, Assam. 
 
 MAOSANRAM, SAM BURAI, Seim of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1877; succeeded to the ^j^i:7j'/ as a minor 28th March 1S90. The 
 Seim is Chief of one of the Khdsi and Jaintia Hill States, under the Chief 
 Commissioner of Assam ; its population is 1 104, consisting chiefly of Khasis 
 and Christian converts. 
 
 Residence. — Maosanram, Khdsi Hills, Assam. 
 
 MARDAN SINGH (of PindArna), T/uikur. 
 
 Born 1S54. The title is hereditary, having been originally granted by 
 the Rdjd Marddn Singh of Garha-Mandla to an ancestor of this family named 
 the Rdwat Parsluld, who had saved his (the Rdjd's) life from the Rdjd of 
 Tehri. Belongs to the same family as that of the Thdkur Caya Parshdd of 
 Sdgar. 
 
 Residence. — Pinddrna, Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 MARIAO, BUROM, Seim of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1863; succeeded to the gndi 5th May 18SS. The Seim is Chief 
 of one of the Khdsi and Jaintia Hill States, under the Chief Commissioner 
 of Assam ; its population is 3669, consisting chiefly of Khdsis and Christian 
 converts. 
 
 Residence. — Mariao, Khdsi Hills, Assam. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 315 
 
 MARTAND WAMAN SHOTRI, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1S87. 
 Residence. — Poona, Bombay. 
 
 MARWAR, His Highness the Mahdrdjd of. See Jodhpur. 
 
 MASUD ALI MIRZA BAHADUR, Prince. 
 
 The Prince is the twelfth son of the late King of Oudh, and bears the 
 title as the courtesy title of his high rank. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 MATA DIN, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. The Rai 
 Bahadur has rendered long and meritorious services to Government in the 
 Judicial Department, and was for some time Subordinate Judge of Muzaf- 
 farpur. 
 
 Residence.— ^a.\.x\Vi, Bengal. 
 
 MATHWAR, RANA RANJIT SINGH, Rand of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S61 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor in 1865. Belongs to a 
 Bhilala family. The area of the State is about 140 square miles; its 
 population is about 2630, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Mathwdr, BhopAwar, Central India. 
 
 MAUKMB, KUN HMON, Sawbwa of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Sawbwa is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma frontier, 
 which has an area of about 2500 square miles, and a population consisting 
 almost entirely of Shans, but with some Yins. 
 
 Residence, — Maukme, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 MAULADAD KHAN wa/ad WALIDAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditarj', the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Bind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
3i6 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MAUNG MAN, KUN WA, Myoza of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Myoza is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma frontier, 
 which has an area of 25 square miles, and a population consisting almost 
 entirely of Shans, but with some Yins. 
 
 Residence. — Maung Man, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 MAYA DAS, Jiai. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, o" '^^ 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence, — Firozpur. Punjab. 
 
 MAY ARAM SHAMBHUNATH, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 28th June 1878. 
 Residence. — Sural, Bombay. 
 
 MEGHRAJ KOTHARI, alias MEGHRAJ OSWAL 
 (of Murshidabad, Bengal), Rat Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 8th October 1867, for services 
 rendered to Government during the Bhutin war. 
 
 Resiliences. — Godlpdra, Assam ; and Azamganj, .Murshidabad. 
 
 MEHDI ALI, Nawcil> MoJisin-ul-Mulk. 
 
 The Nawdb is at present Secretary to the Government of His Highness 
 the Nizam of the Deccan. For distinguished services to that Government His 
 Highness was pleased to confer on him the title of Nawdb Mohsin-ul-Mulk. 
 The Nawdb has occupied some of the most responsible posts in the State 
 of Hyderabad, in whose service also he has visited Europe, with his colleague 
 the Nawdb Mchdi Hasan, Faleh Nawdz Jang Bahadur, and received the high 
 acknowledgments both of His Highness the Nizdm and of the British 
 Government. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Deccan. 
 
 MEHDI ALI KHAN, Nawdb Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, the Nawdb Bahddur being the son of Nawdb Jafar 
 Ali Khdn, who was the grandson of a daughter of Saddat Khdn, Burhdn-ul- 
 Mulk, King of Oudh. The Nawdb Bahddur is an Honorary Magistrate in 
 Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 317 
 
 MEHDI HASAN, Nawdb Fateh Nawaz Jang Bahadur. 
 
 The Nawab Bahadur is at present Home Secretary to the Government of 
 His Highness the Nizam of the Deccan, having been promoted to that office 
 from the high and responsible post of Chief Justice of Hyderabad. For 
 distinguished services to that Government His Highness was pleased to 
 confer on him the title of Nawab Fateh Nawaz Jang Bahadur. The Nawab, 
 who is well known as a powerful writer in the Times and other organs of 
 public opinion, has been identified with some of the most important and 
 valuable reforms in the State of Hyderabad, in whose service also he has 
 visited Europe, with his colleague the Nawab Mehdi Ali Mohsin-ul-Mulk, and 
 received the high acknowledgments both of His Highness the Nizam and of 
 the British Government. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Deccan. 
 
 MEHDI HASAN KHAN, Nawdb Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, the Nawab Bahadur being the son of Ikhtiar-ud- 
 daula, grandson of Saadat Ali Khan, King of Oudh. 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 MEHDI HASAN KHAN, MIRZA, Nazvdb Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, the Nawab Bahadur having married the daughter 
 of a daughter of the late Muhammad Ali Shah, King of Oudh. The Nawab 
 Bahadur is the son of Mirza Ali Jah Bahadur. 
 
 Residence. — O udh. 
 
 MEHDI HUSAIN KHAN, Naivdb Bahadur. 
 
 The Nawab Bahadur is the son of Mirza Wala Jah Bahadur, and 
 holds this courtesy title as a descendant of one of the Kings of Oudh. 
 The Mirza Wala Jah Bahadur's grandfather was the grandson of the son of 
 one of the daughters of Saadat Khan, Burhan-ul-Mulk, King of Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 MEHR SINGH, CHHAGHI, Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1857. The title is hereditary, the Sardar being the head of a 
 Kohli Kshatriya family, whose ancestor, Sardar Tehil Singh, came long 
 ago from Bhatneo, settled at Salargarh in Chhach in the Rawalpindi district 
 of the Punjab, and made considerable conquests. A descendant of Sardar 
 Tehil Singh, named Sardar Jiwan Singh, entered the service of the Maharaja 
 Ranjit Singh of Lahore ; served with credit at Bannu, Tank, Mitha Tiwana, 
 
3i8 THE GOLDEN' BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 and elsewhere ; and for eight years was stationed at Dera Ismail Khan. 
 During the rebellion of 1S48 Sardar Jiwan Singh, with his son Sardar 
 Gurdit Singh (father of the present Sardar), rendered excellent service to the 
 Government ; they joined Lieutenant (aftenvards Sir Herbert) Edwardes, and 
 served under him to the end of the war. Sardar Jiwan Singh died in 1852, 
 and was succeeded by his son Sardar Gurdit Singh, who again rendered 
 admirable service to the Government during the Mutiny of 1857. He was 
 succeeded by his eldest son, the present Sardar. 
 Residence. — Jhelum, Punjab. 
 
 MBHR-ULLA KHAN, SARDAR, Natvdh. 
 
 The title of Nawab is personal, and was conferred on ist Januar)' 1890. 
 Residence. — Baluchistan. 
 
 MBHRAN KHAN, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1889. 
 Residence. — Upper Sind Frontier District. 
 
 MBHRJIBHAI KUVARJI TARAPURWALA, CLE. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, 24th May 1888. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 MEMA MAL, LALA, Rat Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1838. The title was conferred on 2nd January 1888, as a personal 
 distinction, in recognition of long and meritorious service to the Govern- 
 ment in the Ordnance Department, especially during the Afghan campaigns 
 of 1878-79-S0. Belongs to a Khatri family settled in the Delhi district; 
 son of the late Lala Ghazi Ram of Delhi. Educated in the Delhi College ; 
 appointed to the Ordnance Department in 1S59. 
 
 Residences. — Calcutta, Bengal ; and Chipiwdra, Delhi, Punjab. 
 
 MBNGNI, JAREJA MADHAVASINGHJI MANSINGHJI, 
 
 Talukddr of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1847; succeeded to the .irc;// 12th September 1864. Belongs to 
 a Rajput (Hindu) family. The area of the State is 34 square miles : its 
 population is 3454, chiefly Hindus. The Talukdar maintains a military 
 force of 2 2 infantry and 3 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Mengni, K;ithidw.ir, Bombay. 
 
 MEWAR, iris Highness the Mahdrdnd of. See Udaipur. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 319 
 
 MIDNAPUE, RAJA MAHENDRA LAL KHAN, Rdjd of. 
 
 Born I St September 1843. The title of Raja was conferred on i6th 
 February 1887, as a personal distinction, on the occasion of the Jubilee of 
 the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty, in recognition of his "public 
 spirit and liberality on many occasions." Belongs to the family of the 
 Zamindars of Narajol, descended from Udaya Narayan Ghosh, which 
 family has held possession (with one interruption) of the Midnapur Raj since 
 the time of the Raja Ananda Lai Khan (June 1800), who was the elder 
 brother of the grandfather of the present Rdjii. Just before the close of the 
 last century, Trilochan Khan of Narajol was called in to aid the Ranis — 
 widows of the Raja Ajit Singh, the last of the older line of Midnapur Rajas. 
 Trilochan Khan was the first cousin, on the mother's side, of the Raja 
 Jeswant Singh, father of Raja Ajit Singh. He was succeeded by his nephew 
 Sitaram Khan, who in turn was succeeded by his sons, Ananda Lai Khan, 
 Nanda Lai Khan, and Mohan Lai, Khan. Ananda Lai Khan at length 
 succeeded to the whole of the Midnapur Raj. The family has had the 
 misfortune of being involved in frequent and heavy litigation. Raja Mohan 
 Lai Khan was succeeded by his son Raja Ajudhya Ram Khan, father of 
 the present Raja, in 1S30. In January 1S77, on the occasion of the Procla- 
 mation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress, he received a Certificate 
 of Honour. He died in 1879, and was succeeded by the present Raja, 
 who is a distinguished musician, and the composer of several Hindu musical 
 works. When the Raja in 1887 was invested with the title, the Lieutenant- 
 Governor of Bengal, after addressing him in terms of eulogy, added : " I 
 take pleasure in investing you with the well-earned dignity which the 
 Viceroy has bestowed on you ; the representative of a very ancient family 
 in Midnapur, which received its honours from the Mughal Government, you 
 have devoted your wealth and influence, as your father did before you, 
 to the service of your fellow-countrymen. In endowments and donations 
 to schools, libraries, and hospitals, in the construction of the Narajol em- 
 bankment, and above all in the remission of rents to your tenantry in bad 
 years, you have set a noble example." The Raja has a son and heir, 
 named Narendra Lai Khan, born 17th September 1867. 
 
 Residence. — Midnapur, Bengal. 
 
 MIR HUMAYUN JAH, BAHADUR, CLE. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, ist January 1880. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MIR KHAN, SAYYID, Sarddr Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred in 1858. 
 Residence. — Bulandshahr, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
320 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MIR WAZIR ALI, KMn Bahadur. 
 
 The Khan Bahadur is an Honorary Magistrate of Lucknow ; and for 
 his public services received the title as a personal distinction on 25 th May 
 1892. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 MIRAJ (Senior Branch), GANGADHAR RAO GANPAT, alias 
 BALA SAHEB PATWARDHAN, Chief of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1866 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 6th June 1875. Belongs 
 to the Patwardhan (Brahman) family, to whose ancestor, Govind Hari 
 Patwardhan, the grant of the Miraj State, with the title of Sarddr, was made 
 by the Peshwa Madhava Rao in 1764 a.d. In 1S20 the State was 
 divided into four shares, of which two lapsed in 1842 and 1845 respectivelj'. 
 Of the two that remain as feudatory States, the present Chief of the senior 
 branch was educated at the Rajkumar College, Indore, and ranks as a 
 First Class Sardar in the Southern Mahratta country. The area of the 
 State is 320 square miles; its population is 69,732, chiefly Hindus, but 
 including 7473 Muhammadans. The Chief maintains a military force of 
 51 cavalry, 494 infantry, and 7 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Mirdj, Southern Mahratta Countrj', Bombay. 
 
 MIRAJ (Junior Branch), LAKSHMAN RAO HARIHAR, alias 
 ANNA SAHEB PATWARDHAN, Chi.f of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Is a minor, being the son of the late Harihar Rao Dadd Saheb, who 
 was born in 1833, and succeeded to \!at gadi 5th February 1876. Belongs 
 to the Patwardhan (P.rdhman) family, to whose ancestor, Govind Hari 
 Patwardhan, the Peshwa Madhava Rao in 1764 a.d. granted the Miraj 
 State with the title of Sardar. In 1820 the State was divided into four 
 shares, of which two lajjsed in 1842 and 1S45 respectively. Of the two 
 that remain as feudatory States, the present Chief of the junior branch is 
 the grandson of the late Lakshman Rao Anna Saheb, who was the grandson 
 of Gangddhar Rao Govind, son of the above-mentioned Govind Hari 
 Patwardhan, founder of the State. The family banner is known as />liagicaj- 
 hendit, and is an ensign of a red colour ; and the Chief is entitled to be 
 attended by dunka (kettledrums), pd/ki (State palanquin), iagi (flags), and 
 other marks of dignity. 'I'he area of the State is 207 square mile.s ; its 
 population is 30,541, chiefly Hindus, but including 1667 Muhammadans. 
 The Chief maintains a military force of 25 cavalry, 253 infantry, and 
 S guns. 
 
 Residence. — Mirdj, Southern Mahratta Country, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MIRZA HAIRAT, PROFESSOR, Shams-ul-Ulama. 
 
 The title is a personal one, and was conferred on 25th May 1892, in 
 recognition of his eminent attainments in oriental scholarship. It entitles 
 him to take rank in Uarbar immediately after titular Nawabs. 
 
 Residence. — Elphinstone College, Bombay. 
 
 MIT SINGH (of Dhandwal), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Sardar being descended from a Jat leader, 
 Sardar Man Singh, who conquered the territory of Dhandwal, in the district 
 of Hoshiarpur, about the year 1759 a.d. 
 
 Residence. — Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 MITHAN LAL, PANDIT, Rai Bahadur. 
 The tide is personal, and was conferred on 13th November 1SS4. 
 Residence. — Delhi, Punjab. 
 
 MITRA, A., Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Granted the title of Rai Bahadur, as a personal distinction, for eminent 
 medical services in Kashmir, 2nd January 1893. Is L.R.C.P. and L.R.C.S. 
 
 of Edinburgh. 
 
 Residence. — Kashmir. 
 
 MOBYE, KUN YAN, Sawhca of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Sawbwa is Chief of one of the Shan States on the Burma frontier, 
 which has an area of about 1000 square miles, and a population consisting 
 almost entirely of Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Mobye, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 MOHAN LAL, SAH, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1841. The title was conferred on i6th February 18S7, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty, in 
 recognition of his loyalty during the Mutiny of 1857, and of his eminent 
 services on the Local and District Boards. He belongs to an important 
 Brahman family long settled in the district of Agra. 
 
 Residence. — Agra, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 MOHANLAL RANCHORDAS JHAVERI, Rao Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th August 1888. 
 Residence. — Bombav. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MOHANPUR, THAKUR HIMMATSINGHJI UMEDSINGHJI, 
 
 Thdkur of, 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1876; succeeded to the ,^<7/// as a minor 6th October 1882. 
 Belongs to a Puar Rajput (Hindu) family, claiming descent from the ancient 
 Raos of Chandrawati near Mount Abu in Rajputdna. Jaspal, the founder 
 of this branch of the family, moved from Chandrawati to Harol in Mahi 
 Kantha in 1226 a.d. Thirteen generations later Thakur Prithwi Rdj 
 moved to Ohorwara. The late Thakur, Umedsinghji Daulatsinghja, was 
 born in 1854, succeeded to the gadi in 1875, ^"d died in 1882. The 
 area of the State is 560 square miles; its population is 14,677, chiefly 
 Hindus. It is tributary to Baroda, and pays kichri to Idar. 
 
 Residence. — Mohanpur, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 MOHARBHANJ, RAJA SRIRAM CHANDRA BHANJ DEO, 
 
 Riijd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1872 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 29th May 1882. Belongs 
 to a Kshatriya (Hindu) family, claiming descent from Adhi Bhanj, said to 
 have been a Kachhwaha Rajput, and a connection of the then Rdja of Jaipur. 
 Adhi Bhanj is believed to have come from Rdjputana into Orissa about 
 2000 years ago, and gradually to have established his authority over the 
 country between the Subarnarekha river and the borders of Dhenkanal. 
 Subsequently a member of the Moharbhanj family named Joti Bhanj 
 established himself in the southern part of this territory as Rajd of 
 Keunjhar, and Adhi Bhanj retained the country between the Subarnarekha 
 and Baitarani rivers, which is Moharbhanj proper. Thirty-nine generations 
 of Rdjds intervened between Adhi Bhanj and the late Rajd, Krishna 
 Chandra Bhanj Ueo, who was granted the title of Maharaja, as a personal 
 distinction, on ist January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of 
 Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India — as also his grandfather, 
 the Rdjd Jadundth Bhanj Deo, had many years before been granted the same 
 personal distinction for his service in quelling a rebellion in the Kolhan. 
 The eldest son and heir-apparent of the Rdjd in this State is entitled to the 
 courtesy title of " Tikait Babu " ; and the family cognisance is the sacred 
 peacock with tail spread. The area of the State, which is one of the Orissa 
 Tributary Mahals, is 4243 square miles; its population is 385,737, nearly 
 equally divided between Hindus and aboriginal tribesmen. The Rdjd 
 maintains a military force of 5 1 2 infantry and 1 1 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Moharbhanj, Orissa, Bengal. 
 
 MOHI-UD-DIN SHARIF, A'/uin Ba/iddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1878, for dis- 
 tinguished medical services. The Khan Bahddur has been made an 
 Honorary Surgeon. 
 
 Residence, — M ad ras. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 323 
 
 MOHKAM SINGH (of PartApner), Hdjd. 
 
 Born 20th January 1S64. The title is hereditary, dating from a time 
 before the Muhammadan Empire. The Raja is one of the Chiefs of the 
 illustrious Chauhan clan of Rajputs, boasting a 
 lineal descent from Prithvi Raja, Chauhan Raja 
 of Ajmir and Delhi, the last Hindu Emperor. 
 In the 13th or early in the 14th century the 
 Raja Sumar Sah (grandson of Karan Singh, son 
 of Prithvi Raja) conquered the Meos in Etawah, 
 Cawnpore, and the surrounding districts, and 
 established himself as Raja in the western part 
 of the Etawah district. His descendants built 
 the great fort of Etawah; but when that was 
 The Santai of the Chauhan captured bv the Mahrattas under Hari Pant, the 
 
 Rajputs, called Chakra, used -^ , . , t^ ,, r^- ^ ^ i r^t ■ r i_ m^ ii_ 
 
 in the seal and for signature. Raja Partab Singh, the then Chief, built the 
 (.\ circle with four Trisuias or existing fort of Partapncr. The late Raja, 
 
 Tridents as radii at the car- .,,.,„., ,, . ,. i 
 
 dinai points.) LoKindra Singh, succeeded as a minor; his uncle 
 
 and guardian, Zohar Singh, rendered good service 
 to the Government during the Mutiny of 1S57. The present Raja suc- 
 ceeded on the death of his father. Raja Lokindra Singh. 
 Residence. — Partdpner, Etdwah, North- Western Provinces. 
 
 MOMBIK, KUN MAUNG, Sati<bwa of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1S83. The Sawbwa is Chief of one of the Shan States, on the 
 Burma frontier. Succeeded recently to the chiefship as a minor ; and 
 during his minority the State is administered by the Chief Commissioner of 
 Burma. The area of the State is about 2100 square miles; its population 
 consists almost entirely of Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Momeik, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 MONB, KUN KYI, K.S.M., Saivhva of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Sawbwa has received from the Viceroy, as representing Her Majesty 
 the Empress, the honour of K.S.M. {Kyet Thaye zatmg shwe Sahoe ya 
 Min, meaning " Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour "), for the good 
 services rendered by him to the Imperial officers, and his good adminis- 
 tration. He is the Chief of one of the most important of the Shan States, 
 Burma ; which, with its feudatory Kyaing Ton, has an area of about 3000 
 square miles, and a population consisting almost entirely of Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Mone, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 MORBSHWAR RAO, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Rao Saheb being the descendant and repre- 
 sentative of Rao Vinayek Rao, who was the Prime Minister of the old 
 Mahratta Government of Sagar. He had originally come from the Deccan, 
 
324 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 and having been appointed a Mamlatdur by the Mahratta Government, 
 ultimately rose to be Prime Minister. The family also held the title of 
 Subahdar under the Mahrattas. The late Rao Saheb Kishan Rao was born 
 in 1824, and was an Honorar)- Magistrate. He died recently, and was 
 succeeded by his son, the present Rao Saheb. 
 Residence. — Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 MORO GOPAL PANDHARI, Rao Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1883. 
 Residence. — Poona, Bombay. 
 
 MORO KRISHNA DABHOLKAR, Rao Saheb. 
 The title is [)ersonal, and was conferred on 24th May 1882. 
 Residence. — .-Vhrnadnagar, Bombay. 
 
 MOROBA EESHRI NATH SENJIT, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 1S88. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 MORVI, HIS HIGHNESS THAKUR SAHEB SIR WAGHJI 
 
 RAVAJI, K.C.I.E., Thdkur Saheh of. 
 
 .\ Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 17th April 1858; succeeded to the^a^/ as a minor 17th February 
 1870. Belongs to the illustrious Jareja Rajput (Hindu) family, that has also 
 given ruling Houses to Kutch, Nawanagar, Malia, and other States ; the 
 Thakur Saheb of Morvi is also Jagirddr of Anierdi, in Kutch, which possesses 
 a port named Jangi. He was educated at the Rajkumar College, has 
 visited Europe, and administers the affairs of his State in person. The 
 State, which is tributary to Baroda and Junagarh, has an area of 82 i miles ; 
 and a population of 89,964, chiefly Hindus, but including 11,942 Muham- 
 niadans. His Highness maintains a military force of 121 cavalry, 11 55 
 infantry, and 7 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 1 1 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Morvi, Kithidwilr, Bombay. 
 
 MORWARA, Thdkur of. See Tharad and Morwdra. 
 
 MOTA BARKHERA, BHUMIA BHARAT SINGH, Bhumia of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1835. Belongs to a Bhilala family; the Bhilalas are generally 
 accounted aboriginal, but according to some accounts are the descendants of 
 intermarriages between Rajputs (Hindu) and Bhils (aboriginal). The popu- 
 lation of the State is about 4000. 
 
 Residence. — Mota Barkhera, Bhop.-iwar, Central India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 325 
 
 MOTA KOTHARNA, THAKUR PARBATSINGHJI, Thdhir of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born I St December 1848; succeeded to the gadi on the death of his 
 father, the late Thakur Hiraji, 6th November 1864. The Thakur claims to 
 be descended from the great Chauhan clan of Rajputs. The State has a 
 population of 595, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — MotS Kotharna, M^hi K<<ntha, Bombay. 
 
 MOTI SINGH (of Mandhata), Thakur. 
 
 Born 3rd December 1S48. The title is hereditary, the Thakur being a 
 descendant of the ancient Rajas of I\Iandhata. The founder of the family 
 was the Thakur Chhattar Singh. 
 
 Rcsidctice. — Mandhata, Nimir, Central Provinces. 
 
 MRA U, MAUNG, Ahmudan gaung Tazcik-ya Mm. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 2nd January 1S93. 
 It is indicated by the letters A.T.M. after the name, and means "Recipient 
 of the Medal for Good Service." The Maung is Extra Assistant Com- 
 missioner and Akumvan of Akyab, Burma. 
 
 Residence. — Akyab, Burma. 
 
 MUAZZIM HUSAIN, SAYYID, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on i6th February 1887, as a personal distinc- 
 tion, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty. 
 
 Residence. — Barisdl, Bengal. 
 
 MUBARAK KHAN im/ad GHULAM SHAH KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 !Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation (see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 MUBARAK KHAN walad WALI MUHAMMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 
 Residence. — Shikarpur, Sind. 
 
 MUDHOL, VYANKAT RAO BALWANT RAO RAJB 
 GHORPARE, alias BALA SAHBB, Chief of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 9th April 1861 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 27th March 
 1862. Belongs to the Bhonsle-Ghorpare family; which, though Mahratta, 
 claims descent from Chob Rao, said to have been a son of the Maharand of 
 Udaipur, who came to the Deccan in very early times, and obtained from 
 the King of Bijapur the territory of Mudhol with the title of Raja. The family 
 
326 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 is also said to have a common ancestor with Sivaji the Great, the founder 
 of the Mahratta Empire. The second family name of Ghorpare is said to 
 have been given because one of its ancestors managed to scale a fort 
 previously deemed impregnable, by attaching a cord to the body of a 
 ghorpad or iguana, and thereby drawing himself up. The family banner is 
 called the " Bahuta " ; and is a triangular flag or ensign of three colours — 
 white, black, and green. The Chiefs of Mudhol fought against Sivaji, but 
 ultimately took military service under the Peshwas. Vyankat Rao I., the 
 grandfather of the present Chief, became a feudatory of the British Power. 
 He died in 1854, and was succeeded by his son, Balwant Rao; who died in 
 1862, and was succeeded by his son, the present Chief. He holds the rank 
 of a First Class Sardar of the Southern Mahratta Country. His State has 
 an area of 362 square miles; and a population of 52,163, chiefly Hindus, 
 but including 3710 Muhammadans. The Chief maintains a military force 
 of 20 cavalry, 3S7 infantry, and i gun. 
 
 Residence. — Mudhol, Southern Mahratta Countr)', Bombay. 
 
 MUDIN SHERIP. See Muhi-ud-din Sharif 
 
 MUHABAL walad GHULAM NAJAF KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditaryi the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikclrpur, Sind. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ABBAS, MIRZA, Navab Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal. The Nawab Bahadur enjoys it as the husband of 
 a grand-daughter of the late Saadat Ali Khan, King of Oudh. He is the 
 son of the Nawab Sharik-ud-daula. 
 
 Residence. — Oudli. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ABBAS, MUFTI MIR, Shams-ul-Ulama. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of lier Most Gracious Majesty, for 
 eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in Darbar 
 immediately after titular Nawabs. 
 
 Residence. — Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ABBAS HUSAIN KASRA BAKHT MIRZA 
 BAHADUR, Prime. 
 
 The title is personal, and is the courtesy title of the Prince, as twenty- 
 fourth son of the late King of Oudh. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Ucngnl. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ABDUL ALI, Kluin Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1858. The title is personal, and was conferred on 30th March 
 1876, the Kh.in Bahadur being a son of Rashid-ud-dauki, half-brother of His 
 late Highness Azim Jah, the first of the titular Princes of Arcot 
 
 Resilience. — Madras. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 327 
 
 MUHAMMAD ABDUL BARI, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born 185S. The title is personal, and was conferred on 30th March 
 1876, the Khan Bahadur being a grandson of Rashid-ud-daula, half-brother 
 of His late Highness Azim Jah, the first of the titular Princes of Arcot. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ABDULLA BADSHAH SAHBB, HAJI, 
 
 Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1S87, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ABDUR RAHMAN, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal ; it was conferred by the Nawab of the Carnatic, 
 and recognised on i6th December 1890. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ABU TALIB KHAN, Majid-ud-dauld Mumtdz-ul-Mulk 
 Bahadur, Rustam Jang. 
 
 The title is personal; it was originally conferred in 1838 by the late 
 Muhammad Ali Shah, King of Oudh, and has been recognised by 
 Government. Has married the grand-daughter of the late Muhammad 
 Ali Shah, King of Oudh ; and is the son of the Nawab Hashmat-ud- 
 daula. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD APZAL KHAN, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1881. 
 Residence. — Dera Ismail Khdn, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD AFZAL KHAN, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL 
 WAZIRZADA, C.S.I., Nawdb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 8th October 1886. The 
 Nawab had received the title of Khan Bahadur on 3rd August 1874 ; and 
 was created a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, 
 24th May 1 88 1. 
 
 Residence. — Peshdwar, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD AHMAD ALI, Nawdb Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, the Nawab Bahadur being the son of Mirza 
 Jalil-us-Shan, grandson of the late Muhammad Ali Shah, King of Oudh. 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
328 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MUHAMMAD AJMAL, SAYYID, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890, for 
 loyalty and good services rendered to Government. 
 Residence. — Barh, Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD AKBAR KHAN, ORAKZAI, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1881. The Khan 
 Bahadur belongs to an Afghan family of the Orakzai clan. 
 
 Residence. — Peshdwar, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD AKRAM HUSAIN AFSAR-UL MULK MIRZA 
 BAHADUR, Prince. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of this nobleman as twenty- 
 second son of the late King of Oudh. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD AKRAM KHAN, SIR, K.C.S.I. (of Amb), 
 Nawdb Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 25th September 186S. The 
 Nawdb Bahadur is Chief of Amb, on the right bank of the Indus, where he and 
 his ancestors have long been independent. He also holds Western Tanawal, 
 in the Hazara district, from the British Government. Belongs to a Pathan 
 (Muhammadan) family ; and his father, Jahdndad Khdn, son of Painde 
 Khan, was a loyal Chief, who rendered good service in the time of the 
 Mutiny in 1857. The Nawdb Bahadur Sir Muhammad .Vkrdm Khdn 
 showed active and gallant conduct in the field, fighting on the side of the 
 British Government, and rendered effective aid during the disturbances in 
 Agror on the Hazdra frontier. In recognition of these services he was 
 created a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, and 
 given the title of Nawdb, in i868; and subsequently he has received the 
 higher title of Nawdb Bahddur, and been promoted to be a Knight 
 Commander of the same Most Exalted Order. 
 
 Residence. — Hazdra, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ALI, Mirza Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, the Mirza Bahddur being a son of Rafi-us-Shdn 
 Mirza Muhammad Naki Ali Bahddur, and grandson of the late Muhammad 
 All Shah, third King of Oudk 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ALI, Khdn BaMdur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Bangalore, Mysore. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 329 
 
 MUHAMMAD ALI, MIR, Xa7vdb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1S77, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Faridpur, Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ALI, MIRZA, Bedar Bakht Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, the Mirza being a descendant of the Oudh fiimily. 
 Residence. — Luckno«-, Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ALI MIRZA BAHADUR, Prince. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title held by the Prince as the 
 eleventh son of the late King of Oudh. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ALI, T., Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Granted the title of Khan Bahadur, in promotion from that of Khan 
 Saheb, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893. 
 Residence. — M adras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ALI KHAN, Nawdb. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Sehwan, Sind. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ALI KHAN (of Hasanpur), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 24th May 1857. The title is hereditary. The Raja is the head of 
 the Musalman branch of the great Bachgoti sept of the illustrious Chauhan 
 clan of Rajputs,— for an account of the Hindu branch of this family see the 
 accounts of Madho Prasad Singh, Rai of Adharganj, and Partab Bahadur 
 Singh, Raja of Kurwar. Of the two grandsons of Bariar Singh, one, Chahar 
 Sen, was the ancestor of the Adharganj Rais ; the other, Rup Singh, had 
 three grandsons, of whom the second, Prithipat Singh, was the ancestor of 
 the Kurwar Rajas, while the eldest, Jai Chand, was the ancestor of 
 this Hasanpur family. His son, Tilok Chand, fell a prisoner into the hands 
 of the Emperor Babar, and to regain his liberty adopted the Muhammadan 
 faith, his name being changed to Tatar Khan. He also received from the 
 Emperor the title of Khan-i-Azam, whence his family have the name of 
 Khanzadas. His grandson, Hasan Khan, was a favourite of the Emperor 
 Sher Shah, who visited his capital of Hasanpur (previously called Narwal), 
 and gave him the right of creating Rajas in Eastern Oudh. The Raja 
 Husain Ali took an active part against the Government in the Mutiny of 
 1857, and commanded the rebel infantry at the battle of Sultanpur in 1858, 
 in which his only son was killed. Under the terms of the general amnesty 
 he recovered his estates ; but died in i860, and was succeeded by his brother 
 the Raja Khairat Ali, father of the present Raja. The latter succeeded in 
 1869 ; and is an Honorary Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Hasanpur, Sultanpur, Oudh. 
 
330 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MUHAMMAD ALI KHAN, Nawdb Bahddur. 
 
 The Nawab Bahadur bears this courtesy title as the grandson of the late 
 Amjad AH Shah, fourth King of Oudh. The Nawib Bahadur's father was 
 the Nizam-ud-daula, who married the daughter of that monarch. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ALI KHAN (of Kunjpur&), Nawdb. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Nawab being the descendant of a Pathan 
 family founded by the Nawab Nijabat Khan about the close of the last 
 century. He came from Kandahar with a following of free lances, and 
 ultimately established himself at Kunjpura. He aided the invader Nadir 
 Shdh, and obtained from that Emperor the title of Nawab. In 1808-9 
 the Chief of Kunjpurd, with the other Cis-Sutlej States, came under British 
 protection. In the rearrangements after the second Sikh war, in 1849, 
 Kunjpura became British tcrritor)-, and its Chief was invested with Magisterial 
 power. The Nawdb Muhammad Rahmat Khan, great-grandson of the 
 Nawab Muhammad Nijabat Khan, left four sons, of whom the eldest died 
 without issue ; and the second, the Nawab Gholam Ali Khan, who succeeded 
 him, was the father of the present Nawdb. The latter has a son and heir 
 named Muhammad Ahmad Ali Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Kunjpurd, Kamdl, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ALI KHAN, Kluin Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Meerut, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ALI KHAN (of Chitari). 
 Sec Muhammad Mahmud Ali Khan. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ALI NAKI KHAN, Mirza Bahddur. 
 
 The title is i)ersonai, the Mirza Bahddur being the son of the Nawab 
 Imdm Ali Khdn, who was the grandson of the late Shujd-ud-dauld, King of 
 Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ALLAHDAD KHAN, Sarddr Ba/tddur, 
 Kluin Jia/uiJur. 
 
 Born 1825. The title of Sarddr Bahddur was conferred on 24th June 
 1859, as a personal distinction, for his eminent services during the Mutiny ; 
 and the additional title of Khdn Bahddur, also as a personal distinction, was 
 conferred in 1S78. The Sarddr I!ahddur comes of a Pathdn family, 
 distinguished on both sides for their military services ; his maternal 
 grandfather was Commander-in-Chief of the forces of Hdfiz Rahmat Khdn of 
 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 331 
 
 Rohilkhand, whilst his paternal grandfather was an officer of high rank in 
 the army of the King of Oudh. He is a retired Risaldar of the First Punjab 
 Cavalry ; and distinguished himself so much by his valour and loyalty during 
 the Mutiny of 1857 that he was created a Member of the Order of British 
 India of the First Class, with the title of Sardar Bahadur, and a grant of 
 some land. He has several sons. 
 
 Residence. — Bareilly, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 MUHAMMAD AMIN KHAN, KHAN KEL, KMn Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 27th March 18S0. 
 Residence. — Kohat, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD AMIR, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Peshawar, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD AMIR HASAN KHAN, SIR, K.C.I.B. 
 (of MahxQudabad), Rdjd, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1849; succeeded his father, the Raja Nawab Ali Khan, in 1858. 
 These titles are hereditary, and were conferred by the British Government 
 on 4th December 1S77, 24th May 1883, and 5th March 1884, having been 
 originally derived, with other honours, from the Mughal Emperors of Delhi 
 and from the Kings of Oudh. The Raja of Mahmudabad is also entitled to 
 be addressed as " Amir-ud-daula, Sayyid-ul-Mulk, Munitaz Jang," a distinction 
 proposed for him by Sir Henry Davies when Chief Commissioner of Oudh, 
 as a special mark of recognition of his public services. The Raja is the first 
 cousin of the Raja of Paintepur ; and though belonging by birth to the 
 younger branch of the family, is the head of the elder branch by adoption. 
 The family is Shaikh Sadiki ; but they are usually called Khanzadas, because 
 at some remote period the title of Khan was bestowed on one of their 
 ancestors. The founder of the family was Shaikh Nathu, who about 1360 
 A.D. was employed by the King of Delhi against the Bhars, and was re- 
 warded for his services by the grant of large estates in Fatehpur. His 
 descendant, Daud Khan, being a General in the Delhi army, was created a 
 Nawab ; and Daud's grandson, the Nawab Bazid Khan, obtained the addi- 
 tional titles of Baliadur, Muzaffar Jang, and some others. The Nawab 
 Daud Khan's son, Mahmud, founded the town of Mahmudabad about 1677, 
 and it has ever since remained the seat of the family. He was Imperial 
 Governor of Jaunpur, and died at that place. A descendant, the Nawab 
 Muhammad Imam Khan, divided his estates between his two sons ; the 
 elder, the Nawab Muhammad Ikram Khan, retained Mahmudabad, while 
 the younger, Maghar Ali Khan, obtained Belahra, and became the ancestor 
 of the Rajas of Paintepur and Belahra. Muhammad Ikram Khan's two sons, 
 Sarfaraz Ali Khan and Musahib Ali Khan, both died without issue ; the 
 widow of the latter, who succeeded him in 18 10, was at the head of the 
 Mahmudabad estate till 1838, when she died, having adopted a cousin from 
 the Belahra side, named Nawab Ali. The latter was an able man, who 
 greatly increased the estate ; he was also a distinguished scholar and poet. 
 
332 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 He died in 1S58; and was succeeded by his only son, the present Raja, 
 who was a minor under the Court of Wards till 1867. Educated at Sitapur 
 School, Benares College, and Canning College, Lucknow. In iSyi he was 
 elected Vice-President of the British Indian Association, and has since been 
 President of that important body. At the great Darbar held by the late 
 Lord Lawrence in Lucknow, he w^as presented with a Sword of Honour ; and 
 on 2nd January 1893, was created a Knight Commander of the Most 
 Eminent Order of the Indian Empire. He is an Honorary Magistrate, and 
 has the powers of an Assistant Collector. He has a son and heir, named 
 Ali Muhammad Khan, born 1881. 
 
 Residence. — Mahmudabad, Sitdpur, Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ANWAR-UD-DIN, Khan Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1849. The title is personal, and was conferred on 30th March 
 1876, the Khan Bahadur being one of the sons of Rashid-ud-dauld, half- 
 brother of His late Highness Azim Jdh, the first of the titular Princes of 
 Arcot. 
 
 Residence. — Mad ras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ANWAR-UL-HAK, MAULAVI, Khan Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Abu, Rdjput.ina. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ASGHAR, ALI, Mirza Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, the Mirza Bahddur being the son of the Mirza 
 Khurrani Bakht, and grandson of the late Muhammad Ali Shdh, King of 
 Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Oudli. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ASGHAR HUMAYUN JAH MIRZA BAHADUR, 
 
 Prince. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of the sons of His late 
 Majesty the King of Oudh. The Prince is the si.xteenth son. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ASHRAF (of Asifpur), Chandhri. 
 The title was conferred as a personal distinction in 1877. 
 Residence. — Asifpur, Hardoi, Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ASKARI, Mirza Bahddur. 
 
 The Mirza Bahddur enjoys this title as a personal distinction, as being 
 the son of Prince kafi-uz Shdn Mirza Muhammad Naki Ali Bahddur, and 
 grandson of His late Majesty Muhammad Ali Shdh, King of Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 333 
 
 MUHAMMAD ASKARI BULAND JAH MIRZA BAHADUR, 
 
 riince. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title enjoyed by this nobleman as 
 seventh son of the late King of Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ASLAM KHAN, C.I.E., Sarddr Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 22nd October 1881. Was 
 created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, 15th 
 February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty. 
 
 Residence. — Peshdwar, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ASLAM KHAN, KAZI, C.M.G. 
 
 Has been created a Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of St. 
 Michael and St. George. 
 
 MUHAMMAD AZIM (of Kakrali), Chaudhri. 
 
 Born 1853 ; succeeded his father, the late Raja Khaslat Husain, in 1882. 
 The title of Chaudhri is hereditary, having been so under the old Govern- 
 ment of Oudh, and so recognised by the British Government in 1877. The 
 head of the family was, before the annexation of Oudh, Chakladdr or Chaudhri 
 of Sandila. The present Chaudhri's grandfather, Chaudhri Hashmat Ali, 
 was well spoken of by Sir William Sleeman in his account of Oudh. He at 
 first took part against the Government in the Mutiny of 1857, and was a 
 noted and active rebel leader, frequently engaged with the British troops, and 
 acting as Nazim of Hardoi and the neighbouring districts. He had, however, 
 the reputation of being an honourable enemy, never guilty of any cruelties ; 
 and early in 1858 he tendered his submission, and became as active on the 
 side of the Government, being engaged in many actions against the rebels. 
 For these services he received a khilat and a grant of land. He was suc- 
 ceeded by his son, Chaudhri Khaslat Husain, who was an Honorary Magis- 
 trate and Assistant Collector, Secretary to the Aujuman-i-Hind of Oudh, and, 
 shortly before his death, was given the rank of Raja as a personal distinction. 
 The present Chaudhri is an Honorary Magistrate ; he has a son and heir, 
 named Muhammad Jan, born 1867. 
 
 Residence. — Hardoi, Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD AZMAT ALI KHAN. See Azmat AH Khan. 
 
 MUHAMMAD BABAR MIRZA BAHADUR, Prince. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title enjoyed by the Prince as the 
 sixth son of the late King of Oudh. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
334 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MUHAMMAD BAHRAM SHAH (of Rassapagla), Shdhzdda. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on iith June i860, in recogni- 
 tion of the Shahzada's position as a lineal descendant of Tippu, Sultan of 
 Mysore. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD BAKAR walad AHMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditar)-, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikirpur, Sind. 
 
 MUHAMMAD BAKAR ALI (of Kotaha), Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary ; the Mir belonging to a Sayyid (Muhammadan) 
 family, claiming descent from Kasim Ali Khdn, who was the Physician to the 
 Imperial Court at Delhi, and acquired the Kotaha territory in the last cen- 
 tury in the following circumstances. The ruler of Kotaha was a Rajput Rajd 
 named Dup Chand, a feudatory of the Rdja of Sirmur. Being expelled by 
 the Sirmur Raja, he repaired to Delhi to get assistance from the Eniperor ; 
 and having given one of his daughters to the Imperial zandiia, and forced his 
 son to embrace Islam, he obtained some troops to reinstate him. The force 
 was accompanied by the Imperial Physician, Kasim Ali Khdn, as Political 
 Agent. Both the Raja Dup Chand and his son, Fil Murdd, died without 
 issue ; so Kdsim Ali Khdn then established himself in their place at Kotaha. 
 His grandson, Mir Muhammad Jdfar .Mi Khdn, obtained from General 
 Ochterlony, after the expulsion of the Gurkhas in 1S15, the grant of the 
 j'dgir o{ Kotaha. During the Mutiny of 1857 the Mir Muhammad Akbar 
 Ali Khdn was suspected of sympathising with the rebels, and his fort at 
 Kotaha was destroyed. Again, in 1864, the fort was rebuilt, contrary to the 
 orders of Government ; it was again destroyed, and the Mir banished. He 
 died in exile, and his grandson, the present Mir, was reinstated in his 
 estates. He has two sons — Sayyid Muhammad and Muhammad Jdfar Ali. 
 
 Residence. — Kotaha, Amb.ila, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD BAKAR ALI KHAN (of Kiinwa Khera), 
 
 j\'a7iidl/. 
 
 Born 1 85 1 ; succeeded his father, the late Nawdb Amjad Ali Khdn, in 1875. 
 The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred by the King of Oudh, 
 Muhammad Ali Shdh, on an ancestor of the present Nawdb, and recognised by 
 the British Government in 1S77. The Nawdb is descended from Khwdja 
 Safi, a Kashmiri noble who took service with Asaf-ud-daula, fifth King of 
 Oudh. Khwdja Safi's son, Hdkim Mehndi, was Ndzim of Muhanuli and 
 Khairabad from 1799 to 1819 ; Prime Minister to Nasir-ud-din Haidar from 
 1830 to 1832, and to Muhammad Ali Shah in 1837. As Chakladdr he 
 made the district a garden, constructed numerous public works, and gained 
 the universal respect and affection of the people. He died 24th December 
 1837, and left a portion of his vast property to his brother's son, Ahmad 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 335 
 
 Ali, Nawab Mundwar-ud-daula, who was the Prime Minister of the King 
 Muhammad AH Shah, and himself connected by marriage with the King's 
 famil)'. The Litter was succeeded by his son, Nawab Ashraf-ud-daula, Amjad 
 Ali Khan, who was a General in the army of the King of Oudh. He was 
 succeeded by his son, the present Nawab, in 1875. 
 Residence. — Kunwa Khera, Sitapur, Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD BARKAT ALI KHAN, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on 29th May 1868, for distinguished military and 
 police services. Belongs to a Pathan family ; descended from Muhammad 
 Sahab Khan, who followed the Nawab Bahadur Khan from Peshawar into 
 India. The Khan Bahadur's father, Muhammad Arif Khan, was the son of 
 Abdulla Khan, alias Buddu Khan ; he entered the service of the British 
 Government, and on retirement on pension received a grant of land. The 
 Khan Bahadur entered the service of the British Government in 1847, srid 
 rendered good service as a police officer in the Hoshiarpur district. In 1848 
 he was severely wounded in the fight at the Amb Bagh in the Jashwan Dan ; 
 where, under the orders of Lord Lawrence, then Commissioner of the Trans- 
 Sutlej States, he gallantly showed the way up the hill to attack the insurgents 
 posted on the top. Subsequently he became Risaldar of the Mounted Police 
 at Amritsar, and assisted in the capture of the 26th Native Infantry mutineers. 
 In i860 he was appointed Tahsildar of Lahore, and distinguished himself 
 by his exertions in the cholera epidemic at Lahore in 1867; and sub- 
 sequently in raising mules and muleteers for service in Abyssinia. Appointed 
 Extra Assistant Commissioner of Lahore ; and has received the thanks of 
 the Government of India and of the Punjab for his valuable political ser- 
 vices. He is a Member of the Senate of the Punjab University ; and has a 
 son and heir, named Bashir Ali Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD FAIZ ALI KHAN, SIR, K. C.S.I, (of Pahasu), 
 
 Aluintaz-ud-dau!d, Naivdh. 
 
 The titles are hereditary, and were conferred on 9th September 1870 
 and i2th July 1881. Created a Knight Commander of the Most Exalted 
 Order of the Star of India, 28th January 1876. Belongs to an ancient 
 Musalman Rajput family, whose ancestors were Badgujars who settled in the 
 Bulandshahr district about 11 85 a.d. Partab Singh was invited by Prith- 
 viraj, the last Chauhan Emperor of Delhi, to assist him against the Chandels ; 
 and he subsequently settled at Pahasu, where the family have ever since been 
 seated. He received a large territory as the dowry of his wife, the daughter 
 of the Dor Raja of Kol. Eleventh in descent from him was Lai Singh, a 
 favourite of the Emperor Akbar, who received from the Emperor the title of 
 Lai Khan ; hence this branch of the family is called Lalkhani. During the 
 reign of Aurangzeb, the family became Musalmans ; and in 1774 the 
 Emperor Shah Alam granted a large estate to Nahar Ali Khan. He and 
 his nephew, Dundi Khan, opposed the British in the Mahralta war in 1803, 
 and lost their estates. Dundi Khan was pardoned ; but again rebelling, his 
 estates were given to Mardan Ali Khan, another nephew of Nahar Ali Khdn, 
 who had been faithful to the British cause. His large territories were divided 
 
336 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 among his five sons ; one of them, the late Murad Ali Khdn, was the father 
 of the present Nawab of Pahdsu. Murad Ali and his son, Sir Faiz Ali, 
 behaved with conspicuous loyalty and bravery throughout the Mutiny of 
 1857. The latter was Commander-in-Chief of the Jaipur troops, and ren- 
 dered most valuable services, and was rewarded with a khi/at, an extensive 
 grant of lands, and the various honours already noted. He has distinguished 
 himself as the Prime Minister of the State of Jaipur, and also as the Super- 
 intendent of the State of Kotah. Is a Fellow of the Allahabad University, 
 and has been exempted from personal appearance in the Civil Courts. He 
 has a son and heir, named Muhammad Fayaz Ali Khan, born 1S56. 
 Residence. — Pahdsu, Bulandshahr, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 MUHAMMAD FARRUKH SHAH, Shdhzdda (Prince). 
 
 Born 1S50. The title of Shdhzdda was conferred on i8th May 1S81, as 
 a personal distinction, in recognition of the Prince's position as grandson of 
 the late Prince Gholam Muhammad, and great-grandson of the late Tippu, 
 Sultdn of Mysore, the English equivalents of that title being indicated by 
 the courtesy titles of His Highness or Prince. The Prince also bears the 
 title of ". Honourable " as a Member of the Bengal Legislative Council, to 
 which he was appointed in 1887, and reappointed in 1889. Was Sheriff of 
 Calcutta for the year 1891. Is an Honorary Magistrate, President of the 
 Central National Muhammadan Association, and one of the leading Muham- 
 madan nobles of ik-ngal. His grandfather, the late revered Prince Gholdm 
 Muhammad, was well known both in India and in England. He twice visited 
 England, and had the honour of being received by Her Majesty the Queen 
 and the late Prince Consort, from whom he received some valuable presents. 
 Some letters written to him by the late Prince Consort are jireserved by 
 Prince Farrukh Shah as the most valued heirlooms of the family. Prince 
 Farrukh Shdh's father was the late Prince Ahmad Halim-uz-Zamdn, who 
 died in 1884. 
 
 Resilience. — Taliganj, Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD FAZL-ULLA, Aluin Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1868. Tiie title was conferred on Sth October 1S75, as a personal 
 distinction, in recognition of his position as son of His late Highness Zahir- 
 ud-daula, the second of the titular Princes of Arcot. 
 
 /\esiiiencc. — Madras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD GHAUS, HAJI, A'/ia>i Bahddiir. 
 
 The title is personal ; it was conferred by the Nawab of the Carnatic, and 
 recognised on 16th December 1891. Is also styled Intizam Khan Bahadur. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD GHAUS, SHAIKH, K/idn. 
 
 The title is personal ; it was conferred by the Nawab of the Carnatic, 
 and recognised on 16th December 1S91. 
 Residence. — M ad ras. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 337 
 
 MUHAMMAD GHAYAS-UD-DIN, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1889. 
 Residence. — Thagi and Dakaiti Department. 
 
 MUHAMMAD HAMID, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1850. The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th January 
 1883, in recognition of his position as the son of the Nawdb Ahmad-un-Nisa 
 Begani, daughter of the Nawdb Azim-un-Nisa Begam, and grand-daughter 
 of His late Highness Nawdb Azim-ud-daula, penultimate Nawdb of the 
 Carnatic. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD HAMID ALI, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born 23rd June 1829. The title was conferred on i6th February 1887, 
 as a personal distinction, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty. Belongs to a Shaikh Sadiki family of ancient descent. 
 His grandfather, Muhammad Jamil-ud-din Khan, received from the Emperor 
 Shah Alam H. the titles of Nawdb and Khdn Bahddur. The Khan Bahadur 
 has rendered good service as a Judge in the Punjab. 
 
 Residence. — Sahdranpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 MUHAMMAD HAMID-ULLA, SAYYID, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal ; it was conferred by the Nawdb of the Carnatic, and 
 recognised on i6th December 1890. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Deccan. 
 
 MUHAMMAD HASAN ALI, Mirza Bahadur, Sulaimdn Kadr. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of the Mirza Bahddur as a 
 son of the late Amjad Ali Khan, fourth King of Oudh. 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD HASAN ALI, Mirza Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, as the courtesy title of a grandson of the late 
 Muhammad Ali Shah, third King of Oudh. The Mirza Bahddur's father 
 was Mirza Khurram Bakht. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD HASAN ALI, Mirza Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, as the courtesy title of a grandson of the late 
 Muhammad Ali Shah, third King of Oudh. The Mirza Bahadur's father 
 was Mirza Azim-us-Shan. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 z 
 
338 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MUHAMMAD HASAN ALI KHAN, His Highness Mir. 
 
 Born 14th .August 1S24. Is the son of His late Highness Mir Nasir 
 Khan of Sind, who was born in 1802 ; became one of the ruling Mirs or 
 Princes of Sind in 1833, and died in 1845, two years after the annexation of 
 that Province. He was succeeded by His Highness the present Mir ; who 
 was born in the Fort of Hyderabad, and is now a political pensioner, living 
 in his own village, about three miles from Hyderabad, the ancient capital of 
 the Amirs of Sind. Before the annexation the Sindi title of the Mir Nasir 
 Khan was " Sarkdr Faiz Asar " ; and that of the present Mir was " Sarkar 
 Rafiatmadar." 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 MUHAMMAD HASAN AZAD, MAULAVI, Shams-ul-Ulama. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on 
 the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty, for 
 eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in Darbar 
 immediately after titular Nawdbs. 
 
 Resiiiouc. — Delhi, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD HASAN KHAN, Mirza Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, as the courtesy title of a son-in-law of the son of 
 the late Muhammad AH Shah, third King of Oudh. The Mirza Bah.idur's 
 father was Mirza Muhammad Jdfar Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD HASAN KHAN, Mirza Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, as the courtesy title of a great-grandson of the late 
 Shuja-ud-dauld, King of Oudh. The Mirza Bahadur's father was the Nawab 
 Hasan Ali Khan, grandson of that monarch. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD HASAN KHAN wa/ad IMAM BAKHSH 
 KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shik.irpur, Sind. 
 
 MUHAMMAD HASAN KHAN BAHADUR, KHALIFA SAYYID, 
 C.I.E., U\izir-uJ-dau/d Mudahbir-ul-Mulk. 
 The title was conferred on 20th January 1883, as a personal distinction, 
 for eminent ser\-ices rendered to the State of Patidla, and to the Empire. 
 His Excellency is the Prime Minister of the State of Patidla ; and was 
 created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, ist 
 January 18S6. 
 
 Residence. — Patidla, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 339 
 
 MUHAMMAD HASAN, HAJI, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 23rd February 1888. 
 Residence. — Kermanshah, Persia. 
 
 MUHAMMAD HASHIM AKHTAR JAH, MIRZA BAHADUR, 
 
 Prince. 
 
 The title is personal, as the courtesy title of the twenty-first son of His 
 late Majesty the King of Oudh. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD HUSAIN BAKR KAMYA, MIRZA BAHADUR, 
 
 Prince. 
 
 The title is personal, as the courtesy title of the nineteenth son of His late 
 Majesty the King of Oudh. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD HUSAIN, KHALIFA SAYYID, Mushir-ud-dauld, 
 
 JMumtaz-ul-Jilulk, KJidn Baliddur. 
 
 The title of Khan Bahadur was conferred on 24th May 1889, as a 
 personal distinction, for good services rendered to the State of Patiala and 
 to the Empire ; and the other titles were similarly conferred, 20th January 
 1883. Is the Foreign Minister of the State of Patiala. 
 
 Residence. — Patidla, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD HUSAIN KHAN, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1886, for good 
 services rendered in the Army Medical Department as Assistant Surgeon. 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD HUSAIN KHAN, SUBAHDAR, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on i6th February 1887, as a personal distinction, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty, in 
 recognition of good military services as an officer of the Second Sikhs. 
 
 Residence. — 2nd Sikh Infantr)'. 
 
 MUHAMMAD IBAD-ULLA, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1839. The title is personal, and was conferred on 8th October 
 187 s, in recognition of his position as son of His Highness Zahir-ud-daula, 
 the second of the titular Princes of Arcot. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
340 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MUHAMMAD IBAD-ULLA, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1837. The title is personal, and was conferred on 30th March 
 1876, in recognition of his position as son of Rashid-ud-dauld, half-brother 
 of His late Highness Azini Jah, the first of the titular Princes of Arcot. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM, MAULAVI, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1856. The title was conferred on ist June 1888, as a personal 
 distinction. Belongs to a Muhammadan family, whose ancestor, Kdzi Fakhr- 
 ud-din, settled in Jaunpur in the time of the Mughals. For important 
 services rendered during the Mutiny of 1S57, Hdji Imam Bakhsh, grand- 
 father of the Khan Bahadur, received a khilat and a considerable grant of 
 land. The Khan Bahadur is an Honorary Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Jaunpur, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM ALI AWALI MARTABAT, MIRZA 
 BAHADUR, Prince. 
 
 The title is personal, as the courtesy title of the eighth son of His late 
 Majesty the King of Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM KHAN, Khdn Ba/uidur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 3rd August 1S74. 
 Resilience. — Peshdwar, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD IJAZ HUSAIN KHADIM-UL-AIMA, MIRZA 
 BAHADUR, rrimr. 
 
 The title is personal, as the courtesy title of the twenty-third son of 
 His late Majesty the King of Oudh. 
 
 Resilience. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ISHAK, SAYYID, Tirazish Khdn Bahddur, Kluin 
 Bahadur, Shams-ul- Ulama. 
 
 This title is personal: it was conferred on i6th February 1SS7, on 
 the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty, for 
 eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in Darbdr 
 immediately after titular Nawdbs. 
 
 Residence. — M adras. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 341 
 
 MUHAMMAD ISMAIL KHAN, SIAL (of Jhang), Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 31st January i860, for 
 great and conspicuous services to Government. The Sials of Jhang are 
 a Muhammadan clan (originally Rajputs, but long ago converted to Islam) 
 of great antiquity, claiming descent from Rashid Khan, and until the time 
 of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh they possessed great power in the country 
 bordering on the Chenab. After the Maharaja had unsuccessfully attacked 
 Multan in 1810, he carried off Ahmad Khan, then Chief of Jhang (whom 
 he suspected of favouring Muzaffar Khan, the Nawab of Multan), as a 
 prisoner to Lahore. Subsequendy Ahmad Khan received a considerable 
 jdgir- in the Amritsar district ; and on his death it was continued to his 
 elder son, Mayat Khan (the elder brother of the present Chief). Mayat 
 Khan was killed, fighting on the side of Diwan Sawan Mai against the 
 Raja Golab Singh of Jammu. Muhammad Ismail Khan, the present Chief, 
 in 1S48, at the request of Major (afterwards Sir) Herbert Edwardes, raised 
 a force, and used his influence, which was great in the district, on the 
 side of the Government. During the Mutiny his services to the Government 
 were conspicuous. He has a son and heir named Kabir Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Jhang, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ISMAIL SAHEB, MIRZA, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD JAPAR ALI KHAN, Nawdb Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of a grandson of the 
 late ^Muhammad Ali Shah, third King of Oudh. The Nawab Bahadur 
 is the son of the late Mua^zam-ud-daula, who married a daughter of that 
 monarch. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD JALAL, MIRZA BAHADUR, Prince. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of the fifth son of the late 
 King of Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD JAM JAH ALI KARA AHMAD, MIRZA 
 BAHADUR, Prince. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of the third son of the late 
 King of Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
342 THE GOLDEN DOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MUHAMMAD JOGI, MIRZA BAHADUR, Prince. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of the fourth son of the late 
 King of Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD KAMR-UD-DIN HAIDAR, Mirza Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of a grandson of Amjad 
 Ali Shah, fourth King of Oudh. The Mirza Bahadur's father was Mirza 
 Mustafa Ali Haidar, son of that monarch. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD KARAMAT-ULLA, KMn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1870. The title is personal, and was conferred on 8th October 1S75, 
 in recognition of his position as a son of His late Highness Zahir-ud-dauld, 
 the second of the titular Princes of Arcot. 
 
 Residence. — M adras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ElARIM, MUNSHI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born January 1835. The title was conferred on i6th February 18S7, 
 as a personal distinction, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of 
 Her Most Gracious Majesty, in recognition of eminent services to the 
 State. Belongs to a very ancient Muhammadan family, claiming descent 
 from Omar, the second Khalif of the Prophet, and from Jamal-ud-din 
 Husain, whose doctrines are followed by the majority of Sunni Muhamma- 
 dans. An ancestor came to India in the reign of the Emperor Muhammad 
 Tughlak, and having received certain grants of land, settled in Kalimpur. 
 His descendants removed to Muhanimadabad, when that town was founded 
 by Muhammad Ibrahim Surkhi. During the time of the Mutiny of 1S57 
 the Khdn Bahadur rendered good service by sheltering refugees, by procuring 
 supplies and information, and by helping to place a bridge of boats across 
 the Rapti. For these services he was made a Deputy Collector, and 
 received, as a khilat, a Sword of Honour bearing a suitable inscription. 
 In 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty 
 as Empress of India, he received a Medal of Honour and a Certificate 
 of Honour; and in 1887 the title he now holds. 
 
 Residence. — Azimgarh, North- Western Provinces. 
 
 MUHAMMAD KARIM-ULLA, AVuin Ba/uidur. 
 
 Born 1851. The title is personal, and was conferred on 8th October 
 1875, in recognition of his position as a son of His late Highness Zahir-ud- 
 daula, the second of the titular Princes of .-Vrcot. 
 
 Residence. — M adras. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 343 
 
 MUHAMMAD KASIM ALI, Mirza Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of a grandson of the late 
 Muhammad Ali Shah, third King of Oudh. The Mirza Bahadur is the 
 son of Rafi-u-Shan Mirza Muhammad Naki Ali Bahadur, one of the surviving 
 sons of that monarch. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD KASIM HUSAIN KHURSHED JAH, MIRZA 
 BAHADUR, Frince. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of the eighteenth son of 
 the late King of Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD KAZIM HUSAIN KHAN (of Paintipur), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1852 ; succeeded his father Raja Ibad Ali Khan in 1870. The 
 title is hereditary, having been originally conferred on Ibad Ali Khan in 
 1853 by the King of Oudh, and subsequently recognised by the British 
 Government in 1877. Belongs to the Shaikh Sadiki family known as 
 Khanzadas, and is the first cousin of the Raja of Mahmudabad. For 
 the family history down to the time of Muhammad Imam Khan, see the 
 account given of this family under the heading " Muhammad Amir Hasan 
 Khan, Raja of Mahmudabad." When Muhammad Imam Khan divided 
 his estates, the younger son, Mazhar Ali Khan, received Belahra in Bara 
 Banki as his portion ; and his grandson, the late Raja Ibad Ali Khan 
 (father of the present Raja of Paintipur), also acquired Paintipur, and became 
 Raja of Paintipur as well as Belahra. The Raja has a son and heir, born 
 in 1889. 
 
 Residence. — Paintipur, Sitdpur, Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD KHAN wa/ad GHULAM HAIDAR KHAN, 
 
 Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {sec Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Sind. 
 
 MUHAMMAD KHAN (of Kot Sarang), Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Raja being the head of the Janjoah Rajput 
 family of Kot Sarang. The Janjoah tribe of Rajputs were in early ages 
 very powerful. They were settled near the Salt Range, but having become 
 divided among themselves, they were dispossessed of much of their territory 
 by the Gakkars {see Karamdad Khan Gakkar, Raja of Pharwala) and by 
 the Awans. Raja Sarang was the founder of the Kot Sarang family. He 
 built the fort called Kot Sarang after his name, and was celebrated for 
 his valour ; and was ultimately slain in a fight with the Afghans near 
 
344 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Makhad. The sixth in descent from him was 'Rdjd Fateh Khan, father 
 of the present Rdjd, who was also a distinguished Chief The family were 
 dispossessed by the Awans, but were subsequently granted some land by 
 the Sarddr Dhanna Singh Malwai, a General of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh 
 of Lahore. Raja Muhammad Khan has three sons — Ahmad Khan, Sarddr 
 Khdn, and Aziz Khdn. 
 
 Residence. — Jhelum, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD KHAN, Sarddr Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred in 1857, as a personal distinction, in recognition 
 of his services during the Mutiny campaigns, and his conspicuous braver)- 
 as an officer of the distinguished Corps of Guides. He retired as a 
 Risalddr-Major on a special pension 187 1, and received a grant of lands 
 in the district of Peshawar. He is an Honorar)' Magistrate of Peshawar. 
 The Sarddr Bahadur has three sons — Yusaf Ali, Sabz Ali, and a third (still 
 a minor). 
 
 Residence. — Peshdwar, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD KHAN (SIKANDAR KHAN), DEHLVI, KMn 
 
 Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on i6th Februarj' 1887, as a personal distinction, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Thdn.i, Bombay. 
 
 MUHAMMAD KHAN, HAJI, Xawdb. 
 
 The title was conferred on 16th February 1887, as a personal distinction, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Ucra Ghdzi Khan, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD KHAN, LAGHARI, Sarddr, A'awdb. 
 
 Born 1 81 9. The title having been originally conferred by the Mir Nur 
 Muhammad of Sind on the Nawab's father. Wall Muhammad, in considera- 
 tion of his services and of his having been wounded several times in battle, 
 it has been recognised as hereditary by the British Government. Belongs 
 to the Laghari clan of Baluchis, and claims descent from Hot Khan Laghari, 
 who came to Sind from Kohistan with his son, Ghuldm .Muhammad Khdn, 
 and remained in the service of the .Mirs of Sind. Has rendered good service 
 to Government as an E.xtra Assistant Collector of Sind, for which he enjoys a 
 pension; and he also holds some Jdgirs in the districts of Hyderabad and 
 Shikdrpur, Sind. The Nawdb has a son and heir named Fateh Muhammad 
 Khdn. 
 
 Residence. — Hala, Sind. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 345 
 
 MUHAMIiIAD KUDRAT AZIZ, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 8th October 1875, in re- 
 cognition of his position as son-in-law of His late Highness Zahir-ud-daula, 
 the second of the titular Princes of Arcot. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD LATIF, SAYYID, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 Received the title, as a personal distinction, on 25th May 1892, in 
 recognition of eminent public services rendered as Extra Judicial Assistant 
 Commissioner. 
 
 Residence. — Punj ab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD LUTF-ULLA, MAULAVI HAFIZ, Shams-ul-Ulama. 
 
 This title is personal, and was conferred on 16th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty, for 
 eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in Darbar 
 immediately after titular Nawabs. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD MAHMUD, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1845. The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th January 
 1883, in recognition of his position as son of the Nawab Ahmad-un-Nisa 
 Begam, the daughter of Nawab Azim-un-Nisa Begam, and grand-daughter of 
 His late Highness Nawab Azim-ud-daula, penultimate Nawab of the Carnatic. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD MAHMUD ALI KHAN (of Chitari), Nawdb, 
 Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 9th October 1826. The Nawab belongs to the same Musalman 
 Rajput family as the Nawab Sir Muhammad Faiz Ali Khan, K.C.S.I., of 
 Pahasu, who is his nephew ; and the family history down to the time of the 
 Nawab Mardan Ali Khan, father of this Nawab, is given under that heading. 
 When the estates of the Nawab Mardan Ali Khan were divided among his 
 sons, Chitari came to Muhammad Mahmud Ali Khan. He rendered good 
 services during the Mutiny of 1857, and as a reward, on i6th September 
 1859, he received the title of Khan Bahadur as a personal distinction, with 
 a khilat and a grant of lands in Bulandshahr district. At the Imperial 
 Assemblage at Delhi on ist January 1S77, on the occasion of the Proclamation 
 of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India, the title of Nawab was 
 conferred on him, as a personal distinction, for life ; and declared hereditary, 
 2nd January 1893. 
 
 Residence. — Bulandshahr, North-Western Provinces. 
 
346 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MUHAMMAD MAJID MIRZA, Afirza. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of a grandson of the late 
 Amjad Ali Shah, fourth King of Oudh. The Mirza is the son of the Mirza 
 Muhammad Hasan Ali, Sulaiman Kadr {q.v.), who is the surviving son of 
 that monarch. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD MOHSIN, MUNSHI, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 Born 23rd April 1S31. The title was conferred on i6th February 18S7, 
 as a personal distinction, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her 
 Most Oracious Majesty, in recognition of his long and faithful services to 
 Government. He is a nephew of the Chaudhri Muhammad Ashraf, 
 Chaudhri of Asifpur (q.v.), in the Hardoi district. He rendered excellent 
 service during the Mutiny of 1857, and has been appointed a Deputy 
 Collector in Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Bilgrdm, Hardoi, Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD MOHSIN, SAYYID, Khdn Bahadur, Zul-Kadr. 
 
 Born 1832. The title is hereditary, and was conferred on loth September 
 1 86 1, on the father of the present Khan Bahadur, the Sayyid Muhammad 
 Nasir Ali Khdn. He was the Deputy Collector of Allahabad at the time of 
 the Mutiny in 1857, and rendered loyal services to the Government. He 
 separated himself from the rebels, and assisted the garrison in the Allahabad 
 Fort by communicating information, furnishing supplies, and oflering money. 
 In recognition of these services he received a khi/at, the grant of some con- 
 fiscated estates, and the hereditary title of Khan Bahadur, Zul-Kadr. His 
 son, the present Khan Bahddur, Zul-Kadr, succeeded on the death of Nasir 
 Ali Khan, and has been appointed a Deputy Collector of the North-Western 
 Provinces. He has a son and heir, the Sayyid Muhammad Ahsan, born 
 22nd August 1869. 
 
 Residence. — Jaunpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 MUHAMMAD MUNAWWAR ALI, Khdn Bahddur, Prince of Arcol. 
 
 liorn 1859 ; succeeded the late Amir-i-Arcot (Prince of Arcot) in 1889, 
 and ranks as the first noble of the Carnatic. Is the representative of the 
 former Musalman dynasty of the Nawdbs of the Carnatic, descendants of the 
 famous Anwar-ud-din, who was created Nawab of the Carnatic by the Nizdni 
 of the Deccan. His son was the Nawdh Muhammad Ali Khdn, Wdlajdh 
 Nawdb of the Carnatic, who was supported on the masnad of Arcot by the 
 exploits of Clive against the French under Dupleix. His grandson was the 
 Nawdb Azim-ud-dauld, titular Nawdb of the Carnatic, whose son was His late 
 Highness Prince Azim Jah, first Prince of Arcot, who was granted the latter 
 title by Her Majesty's letters patent, dated jnd August 1870. He was 
 succeeded by His late Highness Zahir-ud-dauld, second Prince of Arcot, 
 whose full titles, according to local usage, may here be recited — His Highness 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 347 
 
 Azim Jah Umdat-uI-Umara, Amir-ul-Umara, Siraj-ul-Umara, Madar-ul-Mulk, 
 Umdat-ul-Mulk, Azim-ud-daula, Asad-ud-daula-al-Ingliz Zahir-ud-daula, 
 Muhammad AH Khan, Muhammad Badi-ullah Khan Bahadur, Zulfikar 
 Jang, Fitrat Jang, Sipahsalar, Prince of Arcot. The present Prince of Arcot 
 is the son of Muazzaz-ud daula Khan Bahadur, and grandson of His late 
 Highness Azim Jah, first Prince of Arcot. He was granted the title of Khan 
 Bahadur, 3rd March 1876, and succeeded as Prince of Arcot in 1S89. His 
 son and heir is named Muhammad Ah, born 1882. 
 Residence. — Amir-Mahdl, Madras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD NABI, Khan Saheb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th Februar)' 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 MUHAMMAD NAIYIM, MAULVI, Shanis-ul-Ulama. 
 
 Born 20th November 1834. This title is personal, and was conferred 
 on i6th February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty, for eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him 
 to take rank in Darbar immediately after titular Nawabs. Belongs to the 
 family of Khwaja Abu Ismail Abdulla, Anseri, known as the Khwaja Pir of 
 Herat. The family was held in great esteem and respect by the Mughal 
 Emperors of Delhi. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD NAJAP KHAN 2valad IMAM BAKHSH 
 KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being a representative of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 MUHAMMAD NAKI ALI, Rafi-us-Shan, Mirza Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of the only surviving son 
 of His late Majesty Muhammad Ali Shah, third King of Oudh. The Mirza 
 Bahadur has three sons, all bearing the title of Mirza Bahadur, Muhammad 
 Askari, Muhammad Kasim Ali, and Muhammad Ali {see under each of their 
 names). 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD NAKIALI DILAWAR JAH, MIRZA BAHADUR, 
 
 Prince. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of the seventeenth son of 
 the late King of Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
348 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MUHAMMAD NAKI KHAN, SATYID, Muazziz-ud-dauld, 
 Jhtisluim-ul-Mulk, Bahadur, Ahsan Jang. 
 
 The title is personal ; it was originally conferred by His late Majesty 
 Wajid Ali Shah, King of Oudh, in 1849, and was recognised by the British 
 Government in 1877. The Sayyid is the son of the late Mirza Abul Kasim 
 Khdn, and married the daughter of His late Majesty Amjad Ali Shdh, fourth 
 King of Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD NIZAM-UD-DIN, Khan Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1840. The title is personal, and was conferred on 8th October 
 1875, in recognition of his position as son-in-law of His late Highness Zahir- 
 ud-daula, the second of the titular Princes of Arcot 
 
 Residence. — M adras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD RABNAWAZ KHAN, ALIZAI, Nawdb. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The father of the present Nawdb was the Nawdb 
 Faujddr Khdn, who rendered good services during the Multdn Campaign of 
 184S under Lieutenant (subsequently Sir Herbert) Edwardes. For these 
 services he received the title of Khan Bahddur, as a personal distinction, and 
 a valuable y</i,7/'- He also rendered good semce during the Sheorani and 
 Kasrdni expeditions. In 1854 he was deputed as Envoy to the Court of 
 Kibul ; and in 1856, after the conclusion of the treaty with the Amir of 
 Kdbul, Lord Dalhousie conferred on him the personal title of Nawdb. In 
 1857 the Nawdb went to Kdbul again, where he remained till March 1859. 
 He received various further honours and rewards for his remarkable services ; 
 and in 1S75 the title of Nawdb was made hereditar)-, and all his jagirs were 
 made perpetual y'l/fjVi-. He died in 1875, and was succeeded by his son, 
 the present Nawdb. The Nawdb Muhammad Rabnawdz Khdn has three 
 sons — Mahmud Khdn, born 1857; Aladdd Khan, born 1S62; Hakddd 
 Khdn, born 1876. 
 
 Residence. — Dera Ismail Khdn, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD RAHMAT-ULLA, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1862. The title is personal, and was conferred on 8th October 
 1875, in recognition of his position as son of His late Highness Zahir-ud- 
 dauld, the second of the titular Princes of Arcot. 
 
 Residence. — M ad ras . 
 
 MUHAMMAD RASHID-UD-DIN KHAN (of Delhi), Khdn BaMdur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6ih February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Karauli, Rdjputdna. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 349 
 
 MUHAMMAD RAUSHAN ALI, Khdn Bahddur, Firoz Jang. 
 
 The title is personal ; it was originally conferred by the Nawab of the 
 Carnatic, and recognised on i6th December 1890. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD RBZA ALI SULTAN, MIRZA BAHADUR, Prince. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of the thirteenth son of His 
 late Majesty the King of Oudh. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 MUHAMMAD SADIK, MUNSHI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 13th July 1833. Belongs to a Kamboh (Musalman) family, claim- 
 ing descent from the Nawab Asad Khan, who settled at Meerut three 
 centuries ago, and was Wazir in the time of the Mughal Emperors. His 
 father, Hdji Muhammad Mumtaz Ali Khdn, served the Government as a 
 Tahsildar and Honorary Magistrate. He has been a Deputy-Magistrate in 
 the Irrigation Department. Received a sanad in Darbar from Lord Canning, 
 and a khilat for loyal services during the Mutiny of 1857 ; also a Certificate 
 of Honour at the Imperial Assemblage of Delhi on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India; and the title of Khan Bahadur on i6th February 1887, on the occa- 
 sion of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign. 
 
 Residence. — Meerut, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 MUHAMMAD SADIK ALI KHAN, Nawab Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of a grandson of His late 
 Majesty Muhammad Ali Shah, third King of Oudh. The Nawab Bahadur's 
 father was the Nawab Muazzam-ud-dauld, who married a daughter of that 
 monarch. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD SALAMAT KHAN, Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1835. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a family descended 
 from Chandra Singh, Gautam, of Mehnagar in Nizamabad. He had two 
 sons, Sagar and Abhiman. The latter became a Muhammadan and an 
 eunuch ; took the name of Daulat, entered the Imperial service of Delhi, 
 rose to be Wazir of the Household, and in 161 2 a.d. was appointed Faujdar 
 of Jaunpur. His nephew Harbans, son of Sagar, assumed the title of Raja. 
 The grandson of Harbans, named Bikramajit, married a Muhammadan 
 wife, and had two sons, named Azam and Azmat. Azam founded the town 
 of Azamgarh in 1665, and built the fort there, which became the residence of 
 the family. Azmat was killed by the Imperial troops about 1688 for failure 
 to pay revenue, and was succeeded by his two sons in turn, Ikram and 
 Mahabat. The latter was imprisoned by the Nawab Vazir for refusing to pay 
 
350 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 revenue, and died in confinement about the year 1731. His son Irddat, 
 alias Akbar Shah, was succeeded in 1756 by his son, Jahan Khan, who was 
 slain in I 761 in a quarrel with the Nawab Vazir's agent. After the defeat 
 of the Nawab Vazir by the British forces at Baksar, a cousin of Jahan Khan, 
 named Azam Khan, established himself in the Rdj, and retained it till his 
 death in 1771. His widow adopted a son named Nadir Khan, who appears 
 to have been a claimant of the Raj. He died in 1826, and was succeeded 
 as claimant by his eldest son, Mubarak. The latter died in 1858, and was 
 succeeded by his son, the present Rajd, whose claim to the Rdj was at last 
 allowed by the Government in 1866. The Rdjd is an Honorary Magistrate. 
 His heir-presumi)tive is his brother, Edbu Muhammad Khalik Khin, born in 
 February 1849. 
 
 Residence. — Azamgarh, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 MUHAMMAD SALAM-ULLA KHAN, Khdn Bahadur, Nawdb. 
 
 Born 9th February 1859. The title of Khan Bahadur was conferred on 
 ist June 1888, and that of Nawdb on 29th May 1891, as personal distinc- 
 tions, in recognition of his services and those of his family to the Govern- 
 ment. Belongs to a Shirani Pathdn family of Dewalghat, Bulddna district, 
 Berar. His grandfather, Muhammad Rahim Khan, received a jdgir for his 
 services rendered to General Sir Arthur Wellesley (afterwards Duke of 
 Wellington) in the campaign of Assai (Assaye), 1803 a.d. Muhammad 
 Rahim Khan's son was Muhammad Bismillah Khan, father of the present 
 Nawab, who is i\\e. jiigirddr and Magistrate of Dewdlghdt. The Nawdb has 
 two sons — Muhammad Nur-ulla Khan and Muhammad Aziz-ulla Khan ; and 
 three daughters, Mohr-un-Nisd, Budr-un-Nisd, and Shams-un-Nisi. 
 
 Residence. — Dewdlghdt, Bulddna, Berar. 
 
 MUHAMMAD SAMI-ULLAH KHAN, C.M.G. 
 
 Has been created a Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of St 
 Michael and St George. 
 Residence. — 
 
 MUHAMMAD SAYYID BAKHT alias PIYARI SAHEB, Afirza. 
 
 The title is personal, as the courtesy title of one of the great-grandsons of 
 the Prince Mirza Jahdnddr Shdh, the heir-apparent of the Emperor Shah Alam, 
 the last independent .Mughal Emperor of Delhi. The Prince, having incurred 
 the displeasure of his father the Emperor, fled from Delhi to Lucknow. 
 Subsequently, in 1788 a.d., he removed to Benares, to reside under the pro- 
 tection of the British Government. There the Palace on the river-side, 
 called the Shiwdla, was given by Mr. Duncan, the British Resident, as a 
 residence for the Prince ; and the family have lived there ever since as 
 political pensioners. One of the Prince's grandsons, Mirza Mahmud Jan, 
 was the father of Mirza Muhammad Sayyid Bakht. 
 
 Residence. — Benares, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 351 
 
 MUHAMMAD SHAH SAYYID, SUBAHDAR, Kkdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty, for dis- 
 tinguished services as an ofificer of the 20th Bengal Infantry. 
 
 Residence. — 20th Bengal Infantry. 
 
 MUHAMMAD SHAMS-UD-DIN HAIDAR, Mirza Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of a grandson of His late 
 Majesty Amjad Ali Shah, fourth King of Oudh. The Mirza Bahadur's 
 father was the Mirza Mustafa Ali Haidar, son of that monarch. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD SIBGHAT-ULLA, Nigarish Khdn Bahddur Ihtisham 
 Jang Ihtisham-iid-dauld. 
 
 The title is personal ; it was conferred by the Nawab of the Carnatic, and 
 recognised on i6th December 1890. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD SIDDIK HUSAIN, Kkdn. 
 
 The title is personal ; it was conferred by the Nawab of the Carnatic, and 
 recognised by Government on i6th December 1890. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MUHAMMAD TAKI ALI, Mirza. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of a grandson of His late 
 Majesty Amjad Ali Shah, fourth King of Oudh. The Mirza's father is the 
 Mirza Muhammad Hasan Ali Bahadur, Sulaiman Kadr {q.v.), the only surviving 
 son of that monarch. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 MUHAMMAD TAKI KHAN, MIRZA, Khdti Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Kandahar. 
 
 MUHAMMAD USMAN KHAN, KHAN KHEL, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred on 9th March 1S81, as a personal distinction. 
 Residence. — Kohat, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD YUSUF, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred on 6th June 1885, as a personal distinction, in 
 recognition of his position as an eminent member of the Bar of the Calcutta 
 High Court. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
352 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MUHAMMAD ZAFAR KHAN, KHATTAK (of Teri), 
 Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on 24th May 1881, as a personal distinction, in 
 recognition of his position and services as one of the Chiefs of the Teri 
 Khattak sept of the Akbar Khel clan of Pathans. Is the son of the late 
 Khwaja Sir Muhammad Khan, Khattak, K.C.S.I., of Teri, who died iSth 
 November 1889. Is descended from the head of the Western branch of 
 the Khattaks, who asserted his independence of the Khdn of the Eastern 
 Khattaks, and assumed the title of Khin in 1780 a.d. The late Nawab 
 rendered long and loyal services to the Government, and was rewarded with 
 the title of Nawdb in 1873, ^"<i subsequently was made a Knight Com- 
 mander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. 
 
 Residence. — Kohat, Punjab. 
 
 MUHAMMAD ZAKIR ALI, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal ; it was originally conferred by the Nawdb of the 
 Carnatic, and recognised on 1 6th December 1 890. 
 
 Kesidcme. — M adras. 
 
 MUHAMMADGARH, NAWAB HAFIZ KULI KHAN, Nawdb of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born ist October 1830; succeeded to the gadi i8th January 1848. 
 Belongs to an Afghan (Muhammadan) family, descended from Dalel Khdn, 
 founder of the State of Kurwai (t/.v.), of which the Muhammadgarh State is 
 an offshoot. The Nawab's eldest son bears the title of Midn, and is called 
 Midn Hatam Kuli Khdn. The area of the State is 27 square miles; its 
 population is about 5300, chiefly Hindus, but including about 900 Muham- 
 madans. 
 
 Residence. — Muhammadgarh, Bhop.il, Central India. 
 
 MUHI-UD-DIN SHARIF, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1878. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MUKUND BALKRISHAN BUTI, Rai BaMdtir. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6lh February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Nagpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 MUKUND DEB (of Khurdah), Rdjd. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 29th March 1884. The 
 Rdjd is the present representative of the ancient Gangavansa dynasty of 
 Kings of Orissa. 
 
 Residence. — Puri, liengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 353 
 
 MUKUND RAM CHANDAR, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1878. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 MUKUNDRAI MANIRAI, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on gth June 18S4. 
 Residence. — Sural, Bombaj. 
 
 MULCHAND SONI, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th January 1882. 
 Residence. — Ajmir. 
 
 MULI, PARMAR SARTANSINGHJI RAMABHAI, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born I 2th April 1834; succeeded to the ^a/// 29th June 1870. Belongs 
 to a family claiming descent from the great Pramara (Parmar) clan of Rajputs, 
 the Thdkur being, it is said, the only Pramara Chief in Western India, and 
 almost the only surviving Chief of that great clan. The Pramaras were one 
 of the four divisions of the Agnikulas, or " Sons of Fire," of the heroic ages 
 in India — the other three being the Solanki, the Chauhan, and the Purihara. 
 Tod says of them in his learned Anna/s of Rdjdsthan : " Though the Pra- 
 mara family never equalled in wealth the famed Solanki princes of Anhilwara, 
 or shone with such lustre as the Chauhan [of Ajmir and Delhi], it attained a 
 wider range and an earlier consolidation of power than either." The great 
 Chandragupta, the Sandracottus of the Greeks, was probably a Pramara 
 Rajput, and the last Pramara King of Chitor was conquered by the Gehlots, 
 probably in 714 a.d. The Thakur is known in Kathiawar by the title of 
 " Parmar Shri." The area of his State is 133 square miles; its population 
 is 19,832, chiefly Hindus. He maintains a military force of 79 cavalry and 
 230 infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Mull, Kdthiiwir, Bombay. 
 
 MULTHAN, THAKUR DALPAT SINGH, Thdkur of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1838; succeeded to the gadt as a minor in 1849. The Thakur 
 belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family. The population of his State is about 
 9000, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Multhdn, Bhopdwar, Central India. 
 
 2 A 
 
354 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MUMTAZ ALI KHAN (of BUaspur, Atravda), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 6th October 1865. The title is hereditary; the original title of 
 Malik was exchanged for that of Raja by Adam Khan about the year 1650, 
 and the latter title was recognised by the British Government as hereditary 
 in 1879. Belongs to a very ancient Pathan family, claiming descent from 
 Khalid, son of Walid, the uncle of the Prophet. Its founder in Atraula was 
 jVIi Khan of Manota, in the district of Muzaffarnagar. He accompanied the 
 Emperor Humayun in his expedition to Gujarat, where he incurred the 
 Emperor's displeasure by conniving at the escape of the Raja of Bikanir from 
 a beleaguered fort. Threatened with death, he openly rebelled, and joined 
 the old Afghan party of Sher Shah, by whom Humayun was for a time 
 driven into exile. Ali Khan then seized the Raj of Nagar in Basti ; from 
 which, after ten years, he was driven by a rising of the Hindus under the 
 son of the former Raja. He then encamped before Atraula ; and after two 
 years' siege he slew the Rajput Prince of that place, and in the year 1552 
 established the Raj, which is still held by his descendants. He refused to 
 submit to the restored Emperor Humayun, or to his son, Akbar the Great. 
 But in I 57 1 his only son, Shekhan Khdn, tendered his submission to Akbar's 
 Viceroy in Oudh, and promised to bring in his father's head if he were 
 furnished with a sufficient number of troops. The unnatural battle was 
 fought at Sarai in Fargand SaaduUanagar ; the son was victorious, and kept 
 his word by having his father's head cut off and embalmed, and he presented 
 it in person at Delhi, where it was placed as a trophy on the .*\jmir Gate. 
 As his reward he received the title of Shri Khan Azam Masnad Ali, which is 
 still used in their signatures by the chieftains of this family. Shekhan Khan 
 was allowed to return to Atraula witli his father's head and a grant of the 
 Zaminddri ; he raised a handsome tomb over the remains of his parent, and 
 ruled in Atraula for twenty years. His son, Daud Khan, engaged in a'feud 
 with the Janwar Raja of Bhinga {q.v.) ; and it is said that he was such a 
 powerful archer that an arrow shot by him into the gateway of the Bhinga 
 fort was so deeply buried that it was never extracted till the time of the 
 Mutiny of 1857, when it was dug out by Mendu Kh.in, a General of the 
 rebellious Begam of Oudh. Daud Khan's son, Adam Khan, was the first 
 Chief of the family to exchange the title of Malik for that of Raja. His 
 descendants in later generations have been engaged in frequent bloody feuds 
 with their neighbours, the Rajas of Balrampur (</.?'.) and Bansi. The late 
 Raja, Umrao Khan, who died in 185S, had been engaged for many years in 
 a desultory border warfare with the Chief of Balrampur, before the establish- 
 ment of the British rule in Oudh. His son, who succeeded as a minor, was 
 induced to join the rebels, and the rebel Begam of Oudh promised him a 
 share of the possessions of the loyal Chief of Balrampur. He died, however, 
 in 1865, leaving no male issue; but the present R;ija was born as a posthu- 
 mous son on 6th October of that year. The Government decided that he 
 should succeed to his father's estates, which were under the management of 
 the Court of Wards from 1865 to i886. The Raja has married a daughter 
 of the Raja Jang Bahadur Khan of Nanpara {q.v.) 
 
 Kesidence. — Atraula, Gonda, Oudh. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 355 
 
 MUNNA LAL, Rat, 
 The title is personal, and was recognised in 1SS6. 
 Residence. — Ludhiana, Punjab. 
 
 MUNNA LAL, SETH, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th Februar}' 1SS7, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 
 Residence. — Mandla, Central Provinces. 
 
 MURAD ALI (of Malir), Jam. 
 
 Born October 1857. The title is hereditary; the present Jam succeeded 
 as a minor in September 1866. The Jam is the Chief of the Jokia clan of 
 Baluchis. 
 
 Residence. — Karachi, Sind. 
 
 MURAD ALI KHAN ivalad GHULAM MURTAZA KHAN, 
 
 Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation (see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 MURDHAN SAH (of Barha), Rdjd. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Narsinghpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 MURID AHMAD KHAN 7calad NASIR KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 :Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikirpur, Sind. 
 
 MURID ALI, KAZI, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born 7th January 1830. The title is personal; and was conferred on 
 1 6th April 1869. His great-grandfather, Muhammad Harun, came from 
 Herat and settled in Hala, Sind, at the time when Jam Sams was ruler of 
 Sind. His father was Muhammad Hayat. The Khan Bahadur has a son, 
 named Muhammad Arif. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
356 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MURID HAIDAR KHAN walad IMAM BAKHSH KHAN, 
 
 Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikrirpur, Sind. 
 
 MURID KHAN, Mulk or Malik. 
 
 Born about the year 1851. The title is hereditary; the Malik has 
 sanads of the Emperors Aurangzeb and Muhammad Shah in which this title 
 is used. Is the Chief of the Kalmati clan, which is a branch of the Rind 
 Baluchis. 
 
 Residence. — Karachi, Sind. 
 
 MURLI MANOHAR, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Born 182:. The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th August 
 1882, for services rendered to Government during the Mutiny and in the 
 Bhutdn war. Belongs to a Kshatriya family. Is an Honorary Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudli. 
 
 MURSAN, Rdjd of. See Ghansham Singh. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 357 
 
 MURSHIDABAD, NAWAB SIR SAYYID HASAN ALI KHAN 
 BAHADUR, G.C.I.B., Naiodb Bahadur of. 
 
 Born 25th August 1846. The Nawab Bahadur's full titles are — 
 Ihtisham-ul-Mulk, Rais-ud-Daula, Amir-ul-Umara, Nawab Sir Sayyid Hussain 
 
 AH Khan Bahadur, Muhabat Jang, 
 G.C.I.E., Nawab Bahadur of Murshi- 
 dabad. Is the eldest son of the late 
 Muntazim-ul-Mulk, Mohsin-ud-Daula, 
 Faridun Jah, Nawab Sayyid Mansur 
 All Khan Bahadur, Nussat Jang, last 
 titular Nawab Nazim and Subahdar of 
 Bengal, Behar, and Orissa. The late 
 Nawab Nazim resigned his position and 
 titles on ist November 1S80. His 
 eldest son, the present Nawab, received 
 the hereditary title of Nawab Bahadur 
 of Murshidabad by a sanad, dated i 7th 
 February 1882. In February 1887 
 he received the dignity of Knight Com- 
 mander of the Most Eminent Order 
 of the Indian Empire ; and was promoted to be a Knight Grand Commander 
 of the same Most Eminent Order in May 1890. In May 1S87 he was 
 granted the khilat or style of Ihtisham-ul-Mulk, Rais-ud-Daula, Amir-ul- 
 Umara, Nawab Sir Sayyid Hasan Ali Khan Bahadur, Muhabat Jang. On 
 1 2th March 1891, by an Indenture entered into between the Secretary of 
 State for India in Council and himself, the Nawab Bahadur confirmed the 
 act of his father of ist November 1880; and received in return a fixed 
 hereditary position, with a settled income, and with the family estates in the 
 districts of Murshidabad, Calcutta, Midnapur, Dacca, Maldah, Purneah, 
 Patna, Rangpur, Hughli, Rajshahi, Eirbhum, and the Santal - Parganas 
 attached to the title of Nawab Bahadur in tail male. This arrangement was 
 confirmed and validated by the Council of His Excellency the Viceroy and 
 Governor-General, by Act XV. of 1891, passed on 21st March 1891. 
 This arrangement confirmed to the Nawab Bahadur the rank and dignity of 
 Premier Noble of the Provinces under the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, 
 with the hereditary title, in addition to that of Nawab Bahadur of Murshi- 
 dabad, of Amir-ul-Umara. 
 
 The Nawab Bahadur has five sons — (i) Asaf Kadr Sayyid Wasif Ali 
 Mirza, born 7th January 1875 ; (2) Iskandar Kadr Sayyid Nasir Ali Mirza, 
 born 15th March 1876 ; (3) Sayyid Asaf Ali Mirza, born 26th April 1881 ; 
 (4) Sayyid Yakub Ali Mirza, born 9th June 1883 ; (5) Sayyid Mohsin Ali 
 Mirza, born i8th November 1885. The family arms adopted by the Nawab 
 are — argent, a dolphin proper above a cheval regardant, also proper. Below 
 the shield the monogram N.B.M. The supporters are the lion and the 
 unicorn. The crest is a Zulfikdr (sword of the Khalif Ali) proper. The 
 motto is " Nil Desperandum." 
 
 The Nawab Bahadur is descended both from the Prophet and also 
 from Ali, the cousin and successor of the Prophet, who was married to 
 Fatima, the Prophet's daughter. Hasan, eldest son of Ali, left a son. 
 
358 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Hasan Massanna, who married Fatima Soghra, daughter of Hussain All's 
 youngest son. One branch of the descendants of this marriage has held for 
 several centuries, and still holds, the office of Grand Sharif of Mecca. A 
 grandson of Hasan Massanna and Fatima Soghra was called Ibrahim Taha- 
 Tahaie (" the pure," " the unsullied ") ; and from this Ibrahim are derived 
 the Murshidabad family. His descendants were for some time rulers of the 
 province of Yemen in Arabia. Subsequently a descendant, Sayyid Husain 
 Najafi, was key-holder to the tomb of Ali at Najaf; and his grandson 
 was Mir Jafar, who became, on the fall of Nawdb Surdj-ud-Dauld, Nawab 
 Nazim of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa. The grandfather of Mir Jafar had 
 married a niece of the Emperor Aurangzeb. One of his uncles, Najafi Khan, 
 was Governor of the fortress of Gwalior ; and another, Najaf Khan, was 
 Subahdar of Cuttack. Mir Jdfar himself was at first Commander-in-Chief to 
 the Nawdb Xdzim Ali Vardi Khdn, whose sister, the Nawdb Shah Khdnum, 
 he married. The Nawdb Ali Vardi Khdn became Subahddr in 1 740, and was 
 succeeded by his grandson Nawdb Suraj-ud-Daula in 1756. He was suc- 
 ceeded by Mir Jdfar, brother-in-law of .\li Vardi Khdn, after the victor)- at 
 Plassey in 1757. In 1760 he was set aside for a short time in favour of his 
 son-in-law, Mir Kasim ; but again came into power after a few months, and 
 continued on the Masnad till 1765, when he was succeeded by his son, 
 Najm-ud-I)auld. Mir Najm was succeeded in 1766 by his brother, Nawdb 
 Saif-ud-Uauld, and he by another brother, Mubdrak-ud-Dauld, a minor son of 
 Mir Jdfar, in 1770. Mubdrak-ud-Dauld was succeeded by his son, Nasir-ul- 
 Mulk, in 1793, and this Nawdb by his son, Ali Jah, in 1810. Ali Jdh was 
 followed by his brother, ^Vdla Jdh, in 1821 ; and Wdld Jdh by his son, 
 Humdyun Jdh, in 1825. This Prince was succeeded in 1838 by his son, 
 the late I''aridun Jdh Sayyid Mansur Ali, the father of the present Nawdb, 
 who was the last Nawdb Nazim of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa. The grandfather 
 of the present Nawdb Bahddur received from His Majesty King William IV. 
 a full-length portrait of His Majesty in original, and the dignity of the Grand 
 Cross of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order with the Insignia. The 
 portrait of His Majesty is one of the chief ornaments at the Palace at 
 Murshidabad. 
 
 Resilience. — The Palace, Murshidabad, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 359 
 
 MURTAZA HUSAIN (of Bhilwal). See Mustafa Husain. 
 
 MUSA, ALI RAJA, SULTAN (of Cannanore), J?djd. 
 
 Born 1830. The title is hereditar}', the Raja of Cannanore being the 
 representative of the old Moplah Ali Rajas or Sea-Kings of Malabar and the 
 adjacent islands. Belongs to a Moplah (Muhamniadan) family, said to have 
 been founded by Maniali Kidavu, a Musalnian Minister of the Kolathiri 
 Raja of Malabar, who was appointed the " Ali Raja " — or Sea-King of the 
 Laccadives and adjacent islands — by the Cherakal Raja, who assigned him 
 a residence at Cannanore. It is remarkable that the family, though 
 Muhammadans, follow the A[arumakkatiiyam law of inheritance general 
 among the Hindu Rajas of Malabar, under which the succession is with the 
 offspring of its female members, amongst whom the next eldest male is 
 always the heir-apparent. The present Sultan Ali Raja succeeded his pre- 
 decessor under this law on 15th November 1S70. The agreement of 1796, 
 by which the family came under British control, was signed by the Bibi, a 
 female member of the family. 
 
 Residence. — Malabar, Madras. 
 
 MUSTAFA HUSAIN (of Bhilwal), Chaudhri. 
 
 Born 31st October 1S49. The title is hereditary, having been so since 
 the time of the Emperor Shah Jahan in 16 16 a.d., and recognised by the 
 British Government in 1877. Belongs to a Musalman family whose 
 ancestors, Khwaja Bahram and Khwaja Nizam, accompanied the Sayyid 
 Salar to Oudh, and settled at Subeha. In 16 16 a.d. Shaikh Nasir was 
 appointed Chaudhri of Subeha by the Empress Shah Jaham. In 1792 
 Chaudhri Imam Bakhsh largely increased the possessions of the family. 
 During the earlier period of the Mutiny of 1857 Chaudhri Sarfardz Ahmad, 
 who had succeeded his father-in-law Chaudhri Lutf-ulla, took part in the 
 rebellion; but early in 1858 he made his submission, and rendered valu- 
 able services by opening communications with other rebel leaders and 
 detaching them from the rebel cause. In i860 he was invested with the 
 special powers of an Assistant Collector. On his death there was pro- 
 tracted" litigation as to the succession ; ultimately the estates were divided 
 between the widow of Sarfardz Ahmad, Mussamat Bichan-un-Nisa, and the 
 present Chaudhri, who is the younger brother of the late Chaudhri He 
 has a son and heir named Mujtaba Husain, born in 1874. 
 
 Residence. — Subeha, Bara Banki, Oudh. 
 
 MUSTAMID KHAN BAHADUR. See Muhammad Zakir Ali. 
 
 MUTHUSWAMI, C, Rao Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. 
 Residence. — M adras. 
 
36o THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MUTHUSWAMI AIYAR, T., CLE. 
 
 Born 1832. Created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the 
 Indian Empire, 1878, in recognition of his distinguished services in the 
 Judicial Service. \\'as appointed a Deputy Collector in 1859; Principal 
 Sadr Amin, 1865 ; Police Magistrate, 1868; Judge of the Court of Small 
 Causes, 1871 ; Fellow of the Madras University, 1872; Puisne Judge of the 
 Madras High Court of Judicature, 1883. Is a B.L. of Madras University. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 MUZAFFAR ALI KHAN, SAYTID (of Bahadurnagar), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1867. The title is hereditary, the Raja being the representative 
 of the great and powerful Muhamdi Raj which was founded by Sayyids from 
 Kanauj, who settled first at Pihani, and subsequently owned Barwar, 
 Bhurwara, and Kheri. This Musalman family is descended from a Sonbansi 
 Rajput named ]5adar Singh, the offspring' of a daughter of the .Ahbans Chief 
 of Badiagaon in Hardoi by a Sonbansi Rajput. The Sayyid Kurram of 
 Muhamdi attacked the village of Badiagaon at a time when Badar Singh 
 and his brother, as boys, were staying there with their mother as guests of 
 their grandfather Dan Singh ; he slew every one in the village except the 
 two boys, whom he carried off as prisoners to Aurangabad. Badar 
 Singh became a convert to Islam under the name of Ibad-ulla Khan, 
 married the daughter of the Sayyid Kurram, and in i 734 ousted his brothers- 
 in-law and seized the great Muhamdi Raj. Ibad-ulla Khan was succeeded by 
 his son Mahbub Ali in 1737, having received the titles of Raja and Khan from 
 the Emperor of Delhi in 1730. The family went through many vicissitudes. 
 In 1837 R;ij;i Aman Ali Khan on his death was succeeded by his son. 
 Raja Ashraf Ali, and in 1864 his title of Rajri was recognised as hereditar)' 
 by the British tlovernment. He was succeeded in 1867 by his son, Rdjd 
 Musharraf Ali Khan, who died in 1881, and was followed by his son the 
 present Rdjd, as a minor. Educated at the Benares Wards' Institute and 
 Aligarh College. Married to a daughter of the Rdjd of Ndnpara. His heir- 
 presumptive is his step-brother, Ashfak Ali Khan. 
 
 Resilience. — Muhamdi, Kheri, Oudh. " 
 
 MUZAFFAR BAKHT, Mirza. 
 
 The title is personal, as the courtesy title of one of the great-grandsons 
 of the Prince Mirza Jah.-indar Sh.-ih, the heir-apparent of the Emperor Shah 
 Alam, the last independent Mughal Emperor of Delhi. For the family 
 history, see the account under the heading " Muhammad Sayyid Bakht, 
 Mirza." The Mirz^ MuzafTar Bakht is a first cousin of Mirza Muhammad 
 Sayyid Bakht, being the elder son of Zafar Bakht, who was the brother of 
 Mahmud Jan. 
 
 Resilience. — Benares, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 361 
 
 MUZAFFAR HUSAIN KHAN umlad IMAM BAKHSH 
 KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the Mirs 
 or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 MUZAFFAR KHAN, CLE. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire for distinguished military services. Holds the rank of Risaldar- 
 Major in Her Majesty's Army. 
 
 Residence. — 
 
 MYAT PU, MAUNG, Ahmudan gaung Tazeik-ya Min. 
 
 The tide is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1889. It means 
 "Recipient of the Medal of Honour," and is indicated by the letters A.T.M. 
 after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Tharrawadi, Burma. 
 
 MYAT TUN AUNG, MAUNG, Thuye-gaung Ng7i<eda ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 1888. It means 
 " Recipient of the Silver Sword for Bravery," and is indicated by the letters 
 T.D.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Chindwin, Burma. 
 
 MYLLIEM, Seim of. See Malliem. 
 
 MYO, MAUNG, Ahmudan gau?ig Tazeik-ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. It means 
 " Recipient of the Medal of Honour," and is indicated by the letters A.T.M. 
 after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Rangoon, Burma. 
 
362 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 MYSORE, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA SIR CHAMA 
 RAJENDRA WADIAR BAHADUR, G.C.S.I., Maharaja of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief, and one of the Premier Princes of the Empire. 
 
 Born 22nd February 1863; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 23rd 
 September 1868. Belongs to a Rajput (Kshatriya Hindu) family, whose 
 
 ancestors came to the south in 
 very early times from Dwarka 
 in Kathiawar. Of these, two 
 brothers, named Vijayaraj and 
 Krishnaraj, appear to have settled 
 in the Ashtagrdni division of the 
 Mysore dominions towards the 
 close of the 1 4th century ; and 
 one of them married the daughter 
 of the local palegdr or Baron of 
 the village of Hadandru, and by 
 this means established his rule 
 in those parts. One of his 
 descendants, named Yedu Raya, 
 ruled over Mysore from 1399 
 A.D. to 1422, and was then suc- 
 ceeded by his son, Here Bettud Chamraj. The grandson of the latter was 
 a Raja named Here (or Arberal) Chamraj — arberal meaning six-fingertd, in 
 allusion to a physical peculiarity ; and the six-fingered Raja's son was Here 
 Bettud Chamraj II., in whose time the fort of Mysore was built on the site 
 of a village formerly called Puragerc, and was given the name of Mahcsh-uru, 
 Buffalo-town, from Ma/ush-asura, the buffalo-headed demon destroyed by the 
 goddess Kdli. 
 
 These Rdjds were called IVadidrs or IVodeydrs of Mysore — IVodeydr 
 being a plural or honorific form of Odeya, Kdnarese for "lord." 
 
 Here Bettud Chamraj was succeeded by his two sons in turn. The 
 younger, Bole Chamraj, is said to have been named Boli, or The Bald, 
 because he had been made bald by a stroke of lightning. His grandson, 
 Rdj Wadidr, ninth Rdja of Mysore, was the greatest and most successful of 
 all these early W'adidrs. He reigned from 1578 to i6i6; and in the year 
 1609-10 he seized the strong fortress of Seringapatam, formerly held by a 
 lieutenant of the Kings of Vijayanagar. The great Hindu kingdom of 
 Vijayanagar on the Tungabhadra had previously, in 1588, been subverted 
 by the alliance of the Muhamniadan Chiefs of the Deccan, and the descend- 
 ants of the Vijayanagar dynasty had taken refuge at Penuakonda, where the 
 lamily ultimately became extinct ; so that Rdj \\'adidr of Mysore and his 
 descendants, having obtained possession of the important strategical position 
 of Seringapatam, rapidly increased their power and extended their dominions. 
 This process of aggrandisement continued down to the time of the Rdjd 
 Dodda Krishnaraj, who reigned from 17 13 to 1730. His adopted son was 
 Hadinente Tingal Chamraj, who died in 1733, and was succeeded by his 
 adopted son, Chikka Krishnardj — Chikka means "Junior," or "The Less." 
 The long reign of Chikka Krishnardj, from 1734 to 1765, was hardly more 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 363 
 
 than nominal, for during this period the famous Muhammadan Haidar All 
 rose to power, and ultimately became the sovereign of Mysore, retaining the 
 Maharaja as a puppet-prince. Haidar's splendid military powers, and those 
 of his even more famous son, Tippu Sultan, immensely increased the Mysore 
 dominions, and made the State the greatest in Southern India, and its rulers 
 the most formidable potentates in the whole country. Of the Maharaja 
 Chikka Krishnaraj's two sons, who nominally succeeded him, one was 
 strangled by orders of the Sultan, and the other died childless. Haidar 
 then, in order to retain the shadow of a Hindu dynasty, permitted the third 
 wife of Chikka Krishnaraj to adopt a young kinsman named Chamraj. Not 
 long before the fall of Tippu and the conquest of Seringapatam by the 
 British in 1799, Chamraj had died in captivity; and when the British 
 Government resolved that Mysore should revert to the control of the family 
 of its ancient rulers, an infant son of Chamraj, by name Krishnaraj, was 
 placed on the gadi. During the minority of the Maharaja Krishnaraj, from 
 1799 to 1810, the State was successfully administered by a Diwan or Prime 
 Minister, the famous Purnaiya, a Brahman statesman of great ability. The 
 aftairs of the State, however, fell into disorder after the retirement of 
 Purnaiya ; and the misgovernment of the Maharaja Krishnaraj terminated by 
 the British Government assuming the direct administration of the country in 
 1831, retaining the Maharaja as the titular sovereign. On the i8th June 
 1865 the late Maharaja adopted as his son and successor the young prince, 
 now the Maharaja Chama Rajendra Wadiar, who was the third son of 
 Chikka Krishna Arasu, a scion of the Bettada Kote branch of the royal 
 house. The adoption was sanctioned by the Government of India in April 
 1867; and on the death of the Maharaja Krishnaraj in 1868 the present 
 Maharaja was duly installed in his place as titular sovereign. The young 
 Maharaja proved himself in every way so deserving of the position that in 
 1 88 1 it was resolved that the sovereign power should be restored to the 
 sovereign title: and on the 25th March in that year the "Rendition" — the 
 term has become historical — was carried out by the installation of the 
 Maharaja as a Ruling Chief, when the British Chief Commissioner handed 
 over his office to the Diwan or Prime Minister of His Highness. 
 
 The subsequent history of the Maharaja's rule has abundantly justified 
 the " Rendition." The good administration of the country, which had been 
 firmly established under the rule of Sir Mark Cubbon and his successors as 
 Chief Commissioners of Mysore, has been maintained and improved. Not- 
 withstanding that the State has been devastated by one of the most terrible 
 famines ever known— that of 1877-78 — and by several very serious droughts, 
 its general advance in prosperity under the Maharaja's rule has been marvel- 
 lous. His Highness has had the advantage of being assisted by several 
 Indian statesmen of the first rank and the highest abilities ; the place of the 
 late Diwan, Mr. Rangacharlu — who was himself an administrator of no mean 
 power — having been taken, very fortunately, by His Excellency the present 
 Prime Minister, Sir K. Sheshadri Iyer, K.C.S.I. {q.v^, by whose aid the 
 Maharaja has attained an administrative success not surpassed in any part 
 of the Indian Empire, British as well as feudatory. 
 
 In all the ordinary duties of an Indian Government — in the administra- 
 tion of justice, in the collection and e.xpenditure of the revenue, in the pro- 
 tection afforded to life and property, in public instruction, in sanitation, in 
 public works — it is admitted that the Government of the Maharaja can com- 
 
364 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 pare not unfavourably with that of the Provinces under direct British rule. 
 In some highly important respects — in the development of communications, 
 in female education, in precautions against famine, in the encouragement of 
 mining and other industries, and in the fostering of habits of local self- 
 government among the people — it is held by many (and apparently with 
 some reason) that the State of Mysore is ahead of most of the rest of India. 
 The famous school at Mysore City that is known as " Her Highness the 
 Mahdrdni's High-Caste Girls' School " — in which 400 girls belonging to the 
 families of highest caste in Mysore receive a liberal education, largely from 
 Professors of their own sex and rank in life — undoubtedly represents by far 
 the most successful attempt that India has seen to put the ladies of India 
 on the same intellectual level with their husbands and brothers. The 
 success of the gold-mining of Koldr is perhaps due as much to the wise and 
 liberal laws which regulate it as to the richness of the district in the precious 
 metal ; while the Principality is being opened out in ever)- direction by 
 railways under State control or with State encouragement. The expenditure 
 on railways in this State in the year 1891 was nearly 3 million rupees. 
 In regard to local self- government, the " Representative Assembly of 
 Mysore," with which the Diwdn every year takes counsel, which was insti- 
 tuted some years ago as a body nominated by the Maharaja, was in 1890 
 made elective ; and the Prime .Minister, in his Address to the Assembly in 
 1891, thus commented on the results of the change: — 
 
 " By command of His Highness the Mah.-irdjd, I have much pleasure in 
 welcoming you to this Assembly, which meets here to-day for the first time under 
 the election system sanctioned last year. You come here as the duly elected 
 Representatives of the Agricultural, the Industrial, and the Commercial interests 
 of the .State. Last year, when His Highness was pleased to grant the valued 
 privilege of election, he was not without some misgiving as to how the experi- 
 ment would succeed ; but it is most gratifying to His Highness that, though 
 unused to the system, the electoral body has been able, in the ver>' first year of 
 its existence, to exercise the privilege with so much judgment and sense of 
 responsibility as to send to this Assembly men in every way qualified to speak 
 on their behalf. That men representing the capital, the industry-, and the 
 intellect of the countr>' should have already taken so much interest in the work- 
 ing of the scheme augurs well for the future of the Institution. His Highness 
 asks me to take this opportunity publicly to acknowledge the expressions of 
 warm gratitude which have reached him from all sides for the privilege of election 
 granted last year." 
 
 But it is in its measures for the prevention and the relief of famines that 
 the ("lovernment of Mysore has earned its best and most enduring laurels, in 
 a reputation for prudent and far-sighted philanthropy. Those measures 
 were described fairly and minutely by the Prime Minister in his Address to 
 the Representative Assembly on the 4th October 1892 in the following 
 words : — 
 
 " Before I proceed to take up the various departments of the State, you will 
 naturally expect me to say a few words regarding the severe drought through 
 which the whole of the Province, with the small exception of our Malnad Taluks, 
 has recently passed. In the Maidan parts of the Mysore and Hassan districts 
 the south-west monsoon was so scanty and precarious that the early diy crops 
 were completely lost, except in a few scattered favourable situations. The 
 northern and eastern districts did not get any of the early rains, and had in 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 365 
 
 consequence to defer the preparation of land for cultivation much beyond the 
 usual season. A few showers which came later on permitted of the sowing of 
 nearly the usual extent of land with the ordinary dry crops in most taluks. 
 These soon began to fade from insufficient moisture. The rain which fell 
 towards the end of September raised hopes of a favourable change in the season. 
 But by November it was evident that the north-east monsoon too had failed, and 
 that the general out-turn of dry crops would not be much above a four -anna 
 average in most taluks. The tanks had received no water, and wet cultivation 
 under them could not be attempted. The failure of fodder was widespread, 
 and altogether there was every indication of an impending distress of a very 
 aggravated type, and towards the end of November the price of food grains 
 began to rise rapidly, owing both to the local failure of crops and to large exports 
 to nei.ghbouring Madras districts. In the beginning of December, by command 
 of His Highness the Mahdrajd, I started on a tour through the worst taluks of 
 the districts of Mysore, Tumkur, Chitaldroog, Kolir, and Bangalore. My 
 immediate object was not only to ascertain by personal observation the actual 
 condition of the country and the requirements of the people, but also to organise 
 the relief measures required for the different tracts, and chiefly to inspire the 
 people with confidence alike in the famine policy of the Government and in the 
 method proposed for carrying it out. One of the first things to attract my 
 attention was the insufficient supply of food grains at the various local markets. 
 It was evident that owners were holding back their stocks, partly in expectation 
 of a further rise in price and partly from fear of thefts and robberies, — so fruitful a 
 source of waste and loss during the previous famine. I accordingly lost no time 
 in arranging for due police protection of grain in transit and at places of storage, 
 and for their safe and ready consignment by the railway. Local merchants were 
 duly apprised of the preparedness of the Government to meet any local insuffici- 
 ency by import of grain from outside the Province, while at the same time the 
 prices of food grains obtaining at the several weekly santes or markets in the 
 interior were ascertained and regularly published as a stimulus to local trade. 
 These measures tended to make prices more uniform and steady throughout the 
 Province, and there was heard afterwards no complaint of insufficient supply at 
 any local market. Another matter which I found necessary to impress upon 
 local officers early in my tour was the need of the greatest economy in the use of 
 the available supply of water in tanks. With the object of raising quick-growing 
 dry crops likely to yield an early supply of food and fodder, tank-beds which 
 were fast becoming dry were ordered to be leased for cultivation on very favour- 
 able terms. About 10,500 acres of tank-bed were thus brought under cultivation. 
 The crops raised were generally Bengal-gram and jolam. In the Tumkur district, 
 where the cultivation was timely and extensive, the aggregate value of the crops 
 thus raised is estimated over Rs.go,ooo. In the other districts this class of 
 cultivation was not nearly so successful. To meet the serious want of fodder 
 which was apprehended, all State forests and plantations, as well as a large 
 number of Amrut Mahal Kdvals, were thrown open for the free use of the raiyats' 
 cattle, without any restriction as to the taluks or districts from which they might 
 come. The total area of grazing land thus made available to the public was 
 1600 square miles, and it is reported to have been used for grazing nearly 
 519,000 head of cattle. Raiyats were also further permitted to cut and remove 
 tender date-leaves for use as fodder, a privilege which was eagerly availed of in 
 most taluks of Tumkur and Chitaldroog. In devising our scheme of Relief 
 Works my chief aim was to afford the poorer agriculturists, the landless field 
 labourers, the Holiyars, the MMigars, etc., the means of earning a sufficient 
 livelihood near their own homes. It was believed they and their families could 
 live upon comparatively small wages if these could be earned near their own 
 villages, for in such a case they would be able to return to their homes at the 
 
366 THE GOLDEN BOOK OK IXDIA 
 
 end of each day's work, take care of the infirm and young dependent upon them, 
 look after their cattle and other property, and receive from their neighbours any 
 additional help they might require. With this object in view, every affected 
 taluk was divided into a number of small circles, and for execution within each 
 such circle some suitable work or works were selected, so as to leave no inhabited 
 village without the means of earning fair wages, within a radius of three or four 
 miles. The works thus selected were 'minor tanks,' whether yielding revenue 
 or not. The improvement of such tanks was of such vital importance to the 
 villagers as a body that there was every guarantee that the grants given for it 
 would be properly applied, and some good return shown for the money spent. 
 To meet the rare cases in which such minor tanks were not available, as also to 
 provide work near villages after completion of the tanks taken up, a programme 
 of works of a supplementary character was got ready. These works were also of 
 special local utility, such as improvement of village sanitation, planting of topes 
 in villages and round the fringe of the waterspread of the bigger tanks, etc. 
 .Such, in brief outline, was the scheme of relief upon which His Highness's 
 Government chiefly relied. Its execution was entrusted to the hereditary village 
 Patel, for it was deemed safer to rely upon the autonomy of the village than 
 upon paid agency from outside. A system of periodical inspection and general 
 control by the Shekdar and Amildar was established, and wide discretion given 
 to district officers as regards the details of execution, with due regard to local 
 circumstances. I am able to bear testimony to the fact that the entire Executive, 
 from the Patel to the District Officer, showed themselves fully equal to the high 
 responsibility thus placed upon them, and that the scheme of relief planned was 
 carried out with complete success in every affected part. Besides the regular 
 relief works, but under the same agency and serving the same object as those 
 works, were the drinking-water wells, for which a total grant of Ks. 1,38,000 
 (chiefly from local funds) had been sanctioned. There were in hand 850 such 
 wells, principally new^ wells undertaken wherever most needed, besides a number 
 of old wells which required deepening. They were all works of permanent 
 utility, but were of special immediate value, owing to the scarcity of good drink- 
 ing water which existed in most places. In addition to works under direct 
 Government agency, the employment of local labour on private works on a large 
 scale was established by the grant of Government loans to landholders for special 
 permanent improvement of their lands. The most important of this class of 
 works were the irrigation wells under the scheme I described to you last year. 
 The working of the scheme in each of the districts of Kolar, Tumkur, Chital- 
 droog, and Bangalore was entrusted to a special officer in subordination to the 
 Deputy Commissioner, and the distrust which raiyats at first evinced towards a 
 new measure of this kind soon gave place to an eager desire to secure the loans. 
 The number of applications received was so numerous that the grants had to be 
 confined to localities where provision for employment of labour was most needed. 
 The loans sanctioned aggregated Rs.2, 80,000 for 917 kapile and 530 yatam 
 wells, calculated to irrigate 5252 acres. Another important class of works for 
 which Government loans were given was the construction and repair of Saguvali 
 kattes. The restriction placed upon the construction and improvement of these 
 kattes by an order of 1873 was fell as a great hardship, especially in the Chital- 
 droog district, where much of the dry cultivation depends upon the retention of 
 moisture under these kattes. That order was accordingly withdrawn, and 
 special encouragement afforded for the construction and improvement of these 
 most useful private works by a system of Government loans. During the past 
 season loans to the extent of Rs. 21,175 were sanctioned for 251 such works, 
 which when completed will benefit 5069 acres. A few loans were granted also 
 to enable Inamdars to repair their tanks. Of works referred to above, both 
 Government and private, about 2900 were in actual execution in the affected 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 367 
 
 tracts. Tliey had the effect of keeping the people employed near their own 
 homes, and their sufficiency for purposes of relief is proved by the fact that 
 nearly 2400 of them could not be completed during the past season. We have 
 found them far more effective for real relief than large central works under pro- 
 fessional agency. Our main an.xiety was to avoid the necessity for concentrating 
 large numbers upon distant works, for previous experience had shown that in the 
 earlier stages of famine the people can never be induced to leave their homes in 
 quest of employment on distant works, not because they are not in need of 
 employment, but because they are bound to their homes by ties they are unable 
 to sever. It is well know-n that before their cattle are lost, and the weaker 
 members have died, and themselves reduced to a famished condition, the people 
 do not quit their homes, and when eventually compelled to take this step they 
 are so demoralised that they are more likely to wander about aimlessly than to 
 settle down on distant works under a strange agency. We had, however, ready 
 at hand a programme of D.P.W. Relief Works for possible resort in the ev'ent 
 of the distress being unusually prolonged. But happily we had no occasion to 
 do more in this direction than e.xpand the ordinary Public Works in some of the 
 affected tracts. Besides placing the means of earning wages within the ready 
 reach of the general population, we adopted several measures for the relief of 
 special classes. The most important among them were the weavers, the 
 demand for whose manufactures had all but disappeared owing to the high prices 
 of grain which prevailed. After much consideration of alternative measures, the 
 Government eventually adopted the system of purchase proposed by Mr. Mad- 
 hava Rao for the Bangalore district. Under this system the Government made 
 advances of money to local Sahukars of standing for purchasing on behalf of 
 Government the entire produce of the looms at the market value, to be resold 
 when the demand became re-established. The Sahukars were paid a small com- 
 mission, and in return they guaranteed the full recoupment of the advances 
 made. This system was the means of affording efficient relief to the industrious 
 weaving class, always the first to suffer on every occasion of widespread scarcity 
 and high prices. It was in operation at Bangalore, Dodballapur, Anekal, Kolar, 
 Melkote, Molkalmuru, and other weaving centres. The advances made amounted 
 to Rs.85,300, including commission and other charges. A sum of Rs.34,580 
 has already been recovered by the resale of cloths purchased, and the balance 
 is under process of realisation. The final net expenditure is e.xpected to be 
 trifling compared with the large numbers relieved. In Bangalore City alone 
 the relief thus given e.xtended to 4000 looms with 10,000 weavers. Another 
 class for whom special relief was found necessary were the minor village servants 
 — the Madiga, the Toti, the Talavar, etc. The contributions from villagers on 
 which they generally subsist cease during every season of a general failure of 
 crops. 85 1 of them, employed in watching Ukkads or Police outposts and 
 doing quasi Police duties, were paid a monthly salary of Rs.3 each as a tem- 
 porary measure, which has to be continued till the next harvest. Others not so 
 employed were paid wages as work-overseers, gangmen, etc., on relief works 
 under execution. A number of Holeyars and Madigars were given employment 
 in the collection of Tangadi bark in the Kolar district, and of bamboos for the 
 Government depots in that and the Mysore district. Compensation for dearness 
 of gram had to be given to the Silledars, amounting up to the end of June to 
 over Rs.8,000. It will probably have to be continued till the next gram harvest. 
 A moiety of the Potgi allowances of village officers was ordered to be paid on 
 application before the date on which they were payable. With the arrangements 
 made for the relief of general and special classes, gratuitous relief was found to be 
 unnecessary, except to a very insignificant extent. Further relief was given by 
 the remission of one-half of the assessment on all wet lands under tanks which 
 lay waste or could only be cultivated with dry crops, and one-half of the quit- 
 
368 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 rent on all Service Inam lands of the minor village servants, and the Mohatarfa 
 house-tax of the poorer landless classes. The total of remissions thus given 
 amounts to about four lakhs. Besides this, si.x lakhs of revenue had to be post- 
 poned, and much of this will have to be remitted eventually." 
 
 The area of the State is 24,709 square miles, which is more than double 
 the combined area of Switzerland and Saxony. Its population is 4,186,188, 
 chiefly Hindus, but including 200,484 Muhammadans and 29,249 Chris- 
 tians, which is more than double the population of Norway, and about equal 
 to that of Portugal. His Highness the Maharaja, who was created a 
 Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India 
 on 23rd May 1884, maintains a military force of 11 73 cavalry, 3425 
 infantry, and 10 guns, besides an Imperial Service Corps for the special 
 service of frontier defence. His Highness has issue several sons and 
 daughters ; both Princes and Princesses being highly educated under capable 
 instructors, both English and Indian. He is entitled to a salute of 2 i guns. 
 
 The arms displayed on His Highness's banner, which was unfurled at the 
 Imperial Assemblage at Delhi ist January 1877, on the occasion of the 
 Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India, were — 
 
 Arms. — Murrey (the Indian Bhag^i'd), a garur berunda (sacred double- 
 headed eagle), displayed argent, beaked and armed or. Crest. — A lion passant, 
 carrying an antelope's head, all proper. Supporters. — Satvas {ya/i), elephant- 
 headed tigers, s<Me, armed and unguled or. 
 
 Residences. — The Palace, Mysore ; The Palace, Bangalore ; Utakamand, etc. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 369 
 
 NABHA, HIS HIGHNESS FARZAND-I-ARJUMAND AKIDAT 
 PAIWAND DAULAT-I-INGLISHIA BARAR BANS SAR- 
 MUR RAJA SIR HIRA SINGH, MAIWANDAR BAHA- 
 DUR, G.C.S.I., Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1843; succeeded to the gaJi 9th June 187 1. Belongs to the 
 great Sidhu Jat family, known as the Phulkian family, from its founder 
 Phul ; which has given ruling families to Patidla, Jind, Nabha, Bhadaur, 
 and other Punjab States. The Raja of Nabha is descended from Tiloka, 
 the eldest son of Phul ; whose great-grandson, Hamir Singh, founded the 
 town of Nabha in 1755 a.d. He joined the Sikh Chiefs in the great battle 
 of Sirhind, when Zain Khan, the Muhammadan Viceroy, was slain ; and 
 established a mint at Nabha, as a mark of independence. In 1808-9 'he 
 State came under British control, in the time of Raja Jaswant Singh ; 
 but his son. Raja Devendra Singh, neglected to furnish supplies to the 
 British troops during the first Sikh war in 1845, ^"^ '^^s consequently 
 deposed, pensioned, and his son. Raja Bharpur Singh, installed in his place. 
 During the Mutiny of 1857 Raja Bharpur Singh rendered most valuable 
 services, and was rewarded with a large increase of territories. He was 
 succeeded by his brother. Raja Bhagwan Singh, who died without issue in 
 1871. By the sanad oi 5th May i860 it had been provided that if either 
 of the three great Phulkian Princes (Patidla, Jind, Nabha) died without 
 heirs, a successor to his Raj should be chosen by the other two Chiefs from 
 among the descendants of Phul ; consequently, on the death of Raja 
 Bhagwan Singh in 187 i, the present Raja, Hira Singh (then a jdgirddr of 
 Jind, but a scion of the family of Tiloka), was selected and placed on the 
 gadi. He has been created a Knight Grand Commander of the Most 
 Exalted Order of the Star of India, and granted the privilege of adoption. 
 On the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India in 1877, he was granted an addition to his titles, and an 
 increase of his salute from 11 to 13 guns, as a personal distinction. The 
 area of the State is 928 square miles; its population 261,824, chiefly 
 Hindus, but including 77,682 Sikhs and 50,178 Muhammadans. His 
 Highness maintains a military force of 366 cavalry, 1253 infantry, and 18 
 guns; and is entitled to a salute of 13 guns (including 2 personal guns). 
 
 Residence. — Ndbha, Punjab. 
 
 2 B 
 
370 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 NABHULAL NANHALAL, Rao Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 9th June 1883. 
 Residence. — Ahmadabad, Bombay. 
 
 NABI BAKHSH, SARDAR (of KapiirthalA), CLE. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, for distinguished services to the Kapurthala State, 9th November 
 1880. 
 
 Residence. — Kapurthahi, Punjab. 
 
 NABI BAKHSH walad SHER MUHAMMAD (of Nurpur), 
 
 Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 NABI BAKHSH 7ualad GHULAM MURTAZA KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation (sec Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikirpur, Sind. 
 
 NADIR, C.I.B., Shdhzdda. 
 
 Born 1827. The title is personal, being the courtesy title of a younger 
 son of the late Shah Shuja-ul-Slulk, ex-King of Kabul, who was restored to 
 the throne of Afghanistan by the aid of British troops. The Shdhzdda has 
 received the honour of the Companionship of the Most Eminent Order of 
 the Indian Empire; and has five sons — (1) Hamdam, who has a son named 
 Muzaffar Jang; (2) Muhammad Akbar ; (3) Muazzam ; (4) Muhammad 
 Umar; (5) Muhammad Mukhtar. 
 
 Residence. — Ludhi;ina, Tunjab. 
 
 . NADIR BAKHT, Mirza. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of a descendant of Prince 
 Mirza Jah.ind;ir Shah, heir-ajiparent to Shah .Mam, the last independent 
 Mughal Emperor of Delhi. The Mirza is a brother of the Mirza Muz.affar Bakht 
 {q.v.), and they are both first cousins of Mirza .Muhammad Sayyid Bakht, 
 under the heading of whose name will be found an account of the descent 
 of this family, who have lived peacefully at Benares under the protection of 
 the British Power since 1788. The Mirza is one of the sons of the late 
 Mir/.a Zafar Bakht. 
 
 Residence. — Benares, North-Western Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 371 
 
 NAGO SAYAJI, Rao Sahch. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 NAGOD, RAJA JADUBIND SINGH, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 30th December 1855; succeeded to the gadi 12th June 1874. 
 Belongs to a Parihar Rajput family ; which has, through many vicissitudes, 
 ruled at Nagod for the last 900 years. The State was at one time feudatory 
 to Panna ; but in 1S09 the Raja Lai Sheoraj Singh obtained a sanad direct 
 from the British Government. He was succeeded In 1818 by his son, Raja 
 Balbhadra Singh, who was deposed in 1831, his son, Raghubind, succeed- 
 ing as a minor. Raja Raghubind Singh rendered good service during the 
 Mutiny of 1857, and was rewarded by the grant of extended territories, 
 the right of adoption, and the honour of a salute. He died in 1874, and 
 was succeeded by his son, the present Raja. The State has an area of 450 
 square miles ; and a population of 79,629, chiefly Hindus, but including 
 7965 belonging to aboriginal tribes. The Raja maintains a military force of 
 6 cavalr}', 116 infantry, and 4 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns. 
 The banner of the family is yellow, bearing a trisul or sacred trident on the 
 field ; with a Hindi motto, meaning "Faithful in perilous times." 
 Residence. — Nagod, Baghelkhand, Central India. 
 
 NAHAN, His Highness the Rdjd of. See Sirmur. 
 
 NAIGAON RIBAI, THAKURAIN LARAI 'D\]'LA.Y A, Jdgtrddrin of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1839 ; succeeded to ih.& gadi on the death of her late husband, the 
 Kunwar Jagat Singh, 28th October 1867. Belongs to a Dawa Ahir family. 
 Lachman Singh, father of the late Thakur, was originally a Sardar of Jaitpur; 
 but having possessed himself of the territory of Naigaon Ribai, he received 
 a. sandd iron\\.\\t British Government in 1807, confirming him in the pos- 
 session. He died in 1808, and was succeeded by his son, the late 
 Kunwar Jagat Singh. The area of the State is about 8 square miles ; 
 its population 3365, chiefly Hindus. The Thakurain maintains a military 
 force of 6 cavalry, 5 i infantry, and i gun. 
 
 Residence. — Naigaon Ribai, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 NAJAP ALI KHAN 7mlad ALI GAUHAR KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Bind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
372 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 NAJM-UD-DIN HUSAIN, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1852. The title was conferred on 8th October 1875, ^^ ^ P^f" 
 sonal distinction, in recognition of his position as son-in-law of His late 
 Highness Zahir-ud-dauld, the second of the titular Princes of Arcot. 
 
 Residence. — Conjeveram, Madras. 
 
 NAJM-UD-DIN HUSAIN, SAYYID, Khan Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. 
 Residence. — Thagi and Dakaiti Department, Simla. 
 
 NAKI ALI KHAN, Majid-ud-dauld. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of a son of a grand- 
 daughter of the late Muhammad Ali Sh.-ih, King of Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 NALAGARH, Rdjd of. See Hindur. 
 
 NALDANGA, RAJA PRAMADA BHUSAN DEB RAI, Rdjd of. 
 
 Born 22nd December 1858; succeeded his father, Rdja Indu Bhusan 
 Deb Rai, ninth Rajri of Naldanga, in 1871, as a minor. Belongs to a 
 family claiming descent from Vishnu Das Hazra, who was settled in Jessore 
 district, Bengal, in the beginning of the i6th century. His son, 
 Srinianta Rai, is said to have distinguished himself by slaying a rebel 
 I'athan Chief, and to have obtained for this service from the Subahddr of 
 Bengal a yi/,;;/> and the title of " Ranabir Khdn." Three generations later 
 Chandi Cnaran Deb Rai, who died in 1656 a.d., slew the Rdjd Kcdareswar, 
 and consequently obtained the title of Rdjd from the Emperor Shdh Jahdn. 
 His successor, Indra Nardyan, second Rdjd, built a great many Hindu 
 temples, which are still in existence. The third Rdjd, Sur)-a Nardyan Deb 
 Rai, died in 1698 a.d. ; the fourth. Rain Deb Rai, in 1746 a.d. ; and the 
 fifth, Krishna Deb Rai, in 1788 a.d. The late Rdjd, Indu Bhusan Deb 
 Rai, was born in 1836, and enjoyed the estate as ninth Rdjd from 1854 to 
 1871. The present Rdjd came of age in December 1S79, and received 
 the title, as a personal distinction, on 26th June 1885. He has established 
 scholarships for Sanskrit learning, and medals for female education, for 
 which he has received the thanks of Government. He also founded and 
 maintained a " Higher Class English School," and a Dispensary. Has been 
 appointed Member of the District Board, Jessore ; and elected a Member of 
 the British Indian Association. Has two sons — Pannaga Bhusan Deb 
 Rai, born 1882; Mriganka Bhusan Deb Rai, born 1889. The family 
 arms are — argent, a crescent moon proper, in chief a trident between two 
 cross-swords proper. 
 
 Residence. — " Hazra Asrama," Naldanga, Jessore, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 373 
 
 NALB, LASHKARI KANHA PADVI, Chief of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born i860 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor in 1S72. The area of the 
 State, which is one of the Mewas States of Khandesh, is 30 square miles ; its 
 population about 300, chiefly Bhils (aborigines), to which tribe also the Chief 
 belongs. 
 
 Residence. — Ndle, Khandesh, Bombay. 
 
 NALINAKSHA BASU (BOSE), Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on 20th May 1890, as a personal distinction, in 
 recognition of eminent services as an Honorary Magistrate, and as Chairman 
 of the Burdwan Municipality. 
 
 Residence. — Burdwan, Bengal. 
 
 NAM NARAYAN SINGH (of Rdmgarh), Rdjd. 
 
 The title was conferred on 24th May 1889 as a personal distinction, in 
 recognition of the Raja's position as the present representative of the Ram- 
 garh Rajas. 
 
 Residence. — Ramgarh, Haz^ribagh, Bengal. 
 
 NANA MOROBA, Rao. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist November 1859. 
 Residence. — Ahmadabad, Bombay. 
 
 NANABHAI KAVASJI, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 NANAK CHAND, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born July 1828. The title was conferred on 6th June 1885 as a per- 
 sonal distinction, for long and meritorious service. Belongs to a Kayastha 
 family of Rampur Manihar in the Saharanpur district. Rai Shakunbari Das, 
 father of the Rai Nanak Chand Bahadur, was a Deputy Collector in the 
 Punjab, and his three brothers also hold important places of trust in Her 
 Majesty's service. 
 
 Residence. — Saharanpur, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 NANAK CHAND, LALA, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 1S88. 
 Residence. — Rdjputina. 
 
 NAND KISHOR DAS, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 1st January 1890. 
 Residence. — Orissa, Bengal. 
 
374 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 NANDGAON, RAJA BALRAM DAS, Mahant of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Title of Raja Bahadur conferred, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 
 1893. Born 1866 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 4th November 1S83. 
 Belongs to a Bairagi (Hindu of the Ascetic Mendicant caste, but of an order 
 that is allowed by its rules to marry) family, and has received the title of 
 Rajd as a personal distinction. The feudal tenure of this State was originally 
 conferred by the Mahratta Raja of Nagpur on his family priest, and the title 
 of Mahant has been recognised by the British dovernment. The late Chief, 
 Mahant Ghazi Das, was an able and energetic ruler, and was succeeded in 
 18S3 by his son, the present Mahant. The area of the State is 155 square 
 miles; its population is 16,764, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Nandgaon, Raipur, Central Provinces. 
 
 NANDSHANKAR TULJASHANKAR, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Surat, Bombay. 
 
 NANQAON, THAKUR ZALIM SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1 8 15; succeeded to \h^ gadi in 1833. Belongs to a Rdjput 
 (Hindu) family. 
 
 Residence. — Nangaon, Western Mdhvd, Central India. 
 
 NANKE, MAUNG KUN KYE, .Xg-weguii/imu of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Ngwegunhmu is Chief of one of the Shan States of the Burma 
 frontier, which has an area of about So square miles, and a population con- 
 sisting chiefly of Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Nanke, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 NANKOK, KUN LON, Afyoza of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Myoza is Chief of one of the Shan States, Burma ; having an area 
 of about 40 square miles, and a population consisting chiefly of Shans. 
 Residence. — Nankok, Shan Stales, lUirnia. 
 
 NANKON, MAUNG PYAN, Ng7vegunhmu of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Ngwegunhmu is the Chief of one of the Shan States, Burma ; with 
 an area of about 12 square miles, and a population consisting chiefly of 
 Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Nankon, Shan States, Burma. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 375 
 
 NANPARA, Rdjd of. See Jang Bahadur, CLE. (of Nanpara), Rdjd. 
 
 NANTOK, MAUNG KUN PU, Ngwegtmhmu of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Ngwegunhmu is Chief of one of the Slian States, Burma ; which has 
 an area of about 30 square miles, and a population consisting chiefly of 
 Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Nantok, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 NAOROJI MANIKJI WADIA, C./.E. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, 2nd January 1893. 
 Resilience. — Bombay. 
 
 NAOROJI NASIRWANJI WADIA, 
 C./.£. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most 
 Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, 25th 
 May 1889. Has received from Her Majesty, 
 through the GJirter King of Arms, a grant of 
 arms, as shown in the margin. 
 
 Arms. — Azure, on a fesse or, in chief an 
 anvil of the last encircled by two branches of the 
 cotton-tree, slipped, and in base a ship under 
 sail at sea, all proper ; a rose, gules barbed and 
 seeded between two bees volant of the third. 
 Crest. — In front of a sun rising a cubit-arm 
 erect, proper, vested above the elbow, argent, 
 holding a double-headed hammer, also proper. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 NAOROJI PESTANJI, VAKIL, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 1888. 
 Residence. — Ahmadabad, Bombay. 
 
 NAOROZ KHAN, SARDAR, SIR (of Kharan), K. CLE. 
 
 Was created a Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the 
 Indian Empire, 24th May 1888. 
 Residence. — Kharan . 
 
376 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 NARASIM AIYANGAR, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on i6th February 1887, as a personal distinction, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Belongs to a distinguished Brahman family, and is famous for the eminent 
 services he has rendered to the cause of Indian education. Under the 
 sanction and encouragement of their Highnesses the Maharaja and Mahdrani 
 of Mysore, the Rai Bahadur has elaborated a plan for the higher education of 
 the women of the upper classes of Mysore, which has been remarkably suc- 
 cessful, and in accordance with this plan Her Highness the Maharani's High 
 Caste Girls' School of Mysore is effecting almost a revolution in the standard 
 of education among the ladies of that province. 
 
 Resilience. — M ysore. 
 
 NARA SINGHA RAO, Rao BaMdur. 
 
 Born 1827. The title is personal, and was confened on 1st January 
 1889. Is a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, and also of the Royal 
 Astronomical Society. 
 
 Residence. — X'izagapatam, Madras. 
 
 NARAYAN BALWANT BHISB, Rao Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on loth F'ebruary 1882. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 NARAYAN BALI (of RAmpur), Rai. See Rampur, Rai of. 
 
 NARAYAN BHAI DUNDEKAR, Rao Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 1st January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Berar. 
 
 NARAYAN DAS, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 22nd August 1836. The title was conferred on ist January 1886, 
 as a personal distinction, for long and meritorious services rendered to 
 Government, dating from 1855. Belongs to an Agarwala family that origin- 
 ally came from Alwar in Rajputana, and settled at Agrx The Rai Bahadur 
 is Judge of the Small Cause Court of Lucknow. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Gudh. 
 
 NARAYAN DHANAJIRAO THORAT, Dinkar Rao. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Belongs to a family claiming descent from 
 Maha Saji Rao. His descendant, Krishna Rao, received the title of Dinkar 
 Rao from the Bdbd Saheb, Maharaja of Satara. The family cognisance or 
 crest is a ta/'wdr or Indian sword, point to the left, edge upward. The 
 father of the present Dinkar Rao was named Dhanaji Thorat, Dinkar Rao. 
 
 Residence. — Sdidra, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 377 
 
 NARAYAN KRISHNA (or NARAYANRAO KRISHNARAO), 
 
 Rao Sahch. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1883. 
 Residence. — Poona, Bombay. 
 
 NARAYAN PANDURANG BANAVALKAR, Rao Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on loth May 1884. 
 Residence. — Poona, Bombay. 
 
 NARAYAN RAO, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Rao Saheb being descended from the old 
 Mahratta rulers of Sagar. Ganpat Rao was the founder of this branch of 
 the family. 
 
 Residence. — Sigar, Central Provinces. 
 
 NARAYAN RAO, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Wardha, Central Provinces. 
 
 NARAYAN RAO URP NANA SAHEB GHORPADB (of Datwad), 
 Amir-ul-Umara Ghorpade Alalanmat Madar, Sendpati. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Ghorpade being the descendant and repre- 
 sentative of Maloji Rao Ghorpade, who obtained these titles, including that 
 of " Senapati," or Commander-in-Chief, from the Maharaja of Kolhapur. At 
 the time of the Mahratta war the Ghorpade aided the British against the 
 Peshwa, and consequently his honours were declared hereditary by the 
 British Government. Narayan Rao is the son of the late Amir-ul-Umara 
 Ghorpade, Ram Chandra Rao. 
 
 Residence. — Belgaum, Bombay. 
 
 NARAYAN (RAGHUNATH) SHASTRI GOKHLB, 
 
 Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 This title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty, for 
 eminence in oriental languages. It entitles him to take rank in Darbar 
 immediately after titular Rajas. 
 
 Residence. — Kolhapur, Bombay. 
 
 NARAYAN SINGH (of Kang), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sardar is descended from Sardar Gaur 
 Singh, who, with his two brothers, the Sardars Dargaha Singh and Dharm 
 Singh, took possession of Kang and the surrounding territory on the decline 
 of the Mughal Empire in the last century. Sardar Gaur Singh's son was 
 Sardar Hari Singh, whose grandson, Sardar Bhup Singh, was the father of 
 the present Sardar. 
 
 Residence. — J dlandhar, Punjab. 
 
378 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 NARAYAN SINGH (of Dhalewala), Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditar)'. 
 Residence. — Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 NARAYAN SINGH, A'unwdr. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of a son of the late Maharaja 
 Sher Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 NARAYAN SINGH, MIAN, /?ai Bahddur. 
 
 The Midn has rendered good service in the Police of the Punjab, and 
 received the title of Rai Bahadur as a personal distinction on 25th May i S92. 
 Residence. — Punjab. 
 
 NARAYAN VASUDEO BARVE, JRao Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th February 1885. 
 Residence. — Ratnagiri, Bombay. 
 
 NARAYAN VISHNU BAPAT, Rao Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 24th May 1889. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 NARAYANRAO APPAJI VAD, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 29th June 1886. 
 Residence. — Ndsik, Bombay. 
 
 NARAYANRAO BHIELA.JI, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th Februar)' 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Jhabua, Central India. 
 
 NARAYANRAO SAKHARAM PHADNIS, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 29th May 1886. 
 Residence. — Sdt.1ra, Bombay. 
 
 NARAYANRAO TRIMBAK, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — N;isik, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 379 
 
 NARAYANRAOJI NISAL, Rao Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 19th October 1885. 
 Residence. — Ahmadnagar, Bombay. 
 
 NARAYANSWAMI MUDALIYAR, Rat Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. The Rai Bahadur belongs to a family of Arcot, Madras. 
 
 Residence. — Bangalore, Mysore. 
 
 NARBHBRAN RAGHUNATH DAS, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Ahmadabad, Bombay. 
 
 NARENDRA BAHADUR SINGH (of Haraha), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 27th April 185 1. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Surajbans 
 family that came from Kumaun about 350 years ago and settled first at 
 Faizabad. Bisram Singh was the founder of the family ; eighth in descent 
 from him was Raja Lachmi Narayan Singh of Haraha. Eight generations 
 later was the Raja Chattarpat Singh, who died in 1S59, and was succeeded 
 by his son, the present Raja. The Raja has a son and heir, named Rahuraj 
 Singh, born 1877. 
 
 Residence. — Ranikatra, Pargana Daryabad, BarS Banki, Gudh. 
 
 NARENDRA KRISHNA (DEB), SIR, 'K.C.l.^., Mahdrdjd Bahadur. 
 
 Born loth October 1822. Belongs to the Sobha Bazar family of 
 Calcutta, whose ancestors are said to have enjoyed honours conferred by 
 the Mughal Emperors and the Nawabs of Bengal, Behdr, and Orissa. 
 The founder of the family was the Maharaja Nava Krishna, who obtained a 
 medal from Lord Clive, and the title of Maharaja Bahadur, for his services 
 during the war with the Nawab Suraj-ud-daula and the establishment of the 
 British Power in Bengal after the battle of Plassey. He was famous for his 
 munificence. Amongst other works of benefit to the public he constructed 
 a good road from Diamond Harbour to Kalpi, a distance of eight miles. 
 Despairing of having any male issue, he adopted one of his nephews, the 
 Raja Gopi Mohan Deb {see Rajendra Narayan Deb, Raja Bahadur) ; but 
 subsequently a son was born to him, the Raja Raj Krishna Deb Bahadur 
 (father of the present Maharaja), and he consequently divided his estates 
 between his own son and his adopted son. Raja Raj Krishna Deb Bahadur 
 died at the age of forty-two, leaving eight sons, of whom the Maharaja Sir 
 Narendra is the only surviving one. Sir Narendra was educated at the Hindu 
 College ; served the Government as a Deputy Magistrate for about nine years, 
 from 1844 to 1853, in which capacity he earned a solid reputation; and on 
 his retirement began his public life as a Municipal Commissioner, a Justice of 
 
38o 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 the Peace, and a leading Member of the British Indian Association — of 
 which important body he has been thrice unanimously elected President 
 During the Viceroyalty of Lord Northbrook he was formally gazetted a Rdjd, 
 having long held that title by courtesy ; and he was also appointed a Member 
 of the Imperial Legislative Council of India, in which he attained a dis- 
 tinguished position. On the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty as Empress of India he was invited to attend the Imperial 
 Assemblage at Delhi, and then was granted the title of Maharaja as a 
 personal distinction. Subsequently he has been created a Knight Com- 
 mander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, and has occupied 
 a great many posts of dignity and public usefulness. He has a son and heir, 
 Kumar Gopendra Krishna Bahadur, M.A., B.L., a Member of the Statutory 
 Civil Service of Bengal, and Joint-Magistrate of Sealdah ; and several other 
 sons. 
 
 Rcsitkiuc. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 NARINDAR NATH, Diwdn. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Kesidcnce. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 NARINDAR SINGH (of Nadaun), Afidii. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mian being the' eldest son and heir of the 
 present Rdja of Nadaun {see Amar Chand of Nadaun, Raja), in the Kangra 
 district, Punjab. 
 
 Residence. — Nadaun, Kdngra, Punjab. 
 
 NARINDAR SINGH, Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residoiii: — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 NARINJAN NATH, Kiinwdr. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Kesidetice. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 The Samtai of the Ch.iuliin 
 RAipiits, t.illri! Chakrtt, UMril 
 in the sctl aiul for iUKoalure. 
 
 (.\ circle with four Trisulas or 
 Tridcnu a« radii at the cAr- 
 dinol puinu.) 
 
 NAROTAM SINGH (of Eka), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1S35. The title is hereditary. Belongs 
 to the illustrious Chauhdn clan of Rajputs, being 
 an offshoot of the Partapner House (sec Mohkam 
 Singh of Partdpner, R.ijd), and consequently a 
 descendant of Prithvi Raja, last Chauhdn Emperor 
 of Delhi and .Xjinir. The father of the present 
 Raja, Hira Singh, succeeded to the Raj in 1S62 
 A.i>. ; he died in 1S76, and was succeeded by the 
 ])resent Rdjd. Tlic latter has a son named Ldl 
 Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Eka, Mainpuri, North- Western Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 381 
 
 NARPAT SINGH (of Gangwal), Rdjd. 
 
 Born r2th January 1822. The title is hereditary, the Raja of Gangwal 
 being (since the confiscation of the Raj of Ikauna for rebellion during the 
 Mutiny) the representative of the elder branch of the ancient and powerful 
 Janwar family, of which the present Houses of Balrampur, Oel, Kaimahra, 
 and Piagpur (all great Barons of Oudh) are offshoots. The founder of the 
 Janwar family was a military adventurer, Bariar Sah, the youngest of six 
 sons of a Sombansi Rajput Chief, whose home was in the great fort of 
 Pawagarh on the confines of Gujarat. He joined the Imperial army of 
 Delhi to seek his fortune. In 1374 a.d. the Emperor Firuz Shah Tughlak 
 made a pilgrimage to Bahraich, to the famous shrine of Sayyid Salar ; he took 
 Bariar Sah, then risen to be a Risaldar, in command of his escort, and 
 ordered him to clear the country of the marauders who infested it. Bariar 
 Sah executed this order so efficiently that the Emperor made over to him 
 the Ikauna district, then called Khanpur Mahada. Seventh in descent from 
 Bariar Sah was Ganesh Singh ; his brother, Madho Singh, founded the 
 family of Balrampur (see Indar Kunwar, Maharani). The grandson of 
 Ganesh Singh was Maha Singh, the hero of the family, who, in 1627 a.d., 
 obtained from the Emperor Shah Jahan a grant of the percentage on the 
 Government revenue, called " Hag Chandar," throughout eight Parganas. 
 In 1723 Chain Singh, grandson of Maha Singh, deputed his brother, Pratab 
 Singh, to guard the border estate of Dobaha from the attacks of the Bisen Raja 
 of Gonda. This Pratab Singh did so effectively that at last he felt himself 
 strong enough to declare himself, independent of his brother the Raja of 
 Ikauna, as the Raja of Mankapur, now called Gangwal. He was killed in a 
 fight with the Raja of Gonda, but his son Jaswant Singh held his own up to 
 the time of his death in 1769 a.d. The grandson of the latter, Raja Kishan 
 Prasad Singh, slew his kinsman Himmat Singh, the first Raja of Piagpur. 
 He died without issue ; so did his nephews, who succeeded him in turn, the 
 Rajas Harsaran Singh and Sitla Bakhsh Singh. The latter was at first 
 succeeded in 18S5 by his widow, the Rani Sukhraj Kunwar; but after some 
 litigation an agreement was arrived at, by which the present Raja, the 
 youngest nephew of Raja Kishan Prasad Singh, and brother of the two 
 preceding Rajas, was installed. He has a son and heir, named Bhya Suraj 
 Prakash Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Gangwal, Bahraich, Oudh. 
 
 NAESINGHGARH, HIS HIGHNESS RAJA MAHTAB SINGH, 
 
 Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1839; succeeded to the g-adi 28th June 1890. Belongs to an 
 Umat Rajput (Hindu) family, descended from Ajab Singh, who was Minister 
 to the Rawat of Rajgarh. His son, Parasa Ram, succeeded him as Minister 
 in 1660 A.D., and ultimately compelled the Rawat, in 1681, to share his 
 dominions with him — thereby founding the State of Narsinghgarh, which is at 
 present tributary to Indore. Raja Partab Singh, father of the present Raja, 
 succeeded in 1875, his father in 1872 having received from the British 
 
382 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Government that hereditary title. The family banner is white with a scarlet 
 bordure, bearing in the centre the effigy of Hanuman, the monkey-god. 
 The area of the State is 623 square miles; its population 112,427, chiefly 
 Hindus, but including about 5000 Muhamniadans, and 6000 belonging to 
 aboriginal tribes. His Highness maintains a military force of 318 cavalry, 
 450 infantry, and 16 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 11 guns. 
 Residence. — Narsinghgarh, Bhopdl, Central India. 
 
 NARSINGHPUR, RAJA SADHU CHARAN MAN SINGH 
 HARI CHANDAN, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1883 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 4th December 1884. 
 Belongs to a Rdjput (Hindu) family, of whom there have been twenty-three 
 generations of Rajas in Narsinghpur since the time when its founder, 
 Dharnia Raja, ousted the aboriginal headmen and assumed the government. 
 For the last nine generations son has succeeded father, each bearing the 
 styles and titles of "Man Singh Hari Chandan Mahapatra," in addition to the 
 hereditary title of Raja, which was formally confirmed by the British Govern- 
 ment in 1874. The family cognisance is a scorpion. The area of the State, 
 which is one of the Orissa Tributary Mahals, is 1 99 square miles ; its 
 population is 32,583, chiefly Hindus. The Rdjd maintains a military force 
 of 1 84 infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Kild Narsinghpur, Orissa, Bengal. 
 
 NARSIRAM VAJERAM, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist June 1888. 
 Residence. — Kaira, Bombay. 
 
 NARSU RAM CHANDRA GODBOLB, Rao Saheb. 
 
 Born 16th May 1842. The title is personal, and was conferred on nth 
 August 1881. The Rao Saheb was educated at Sdtara, and at the Science 
 College, Poona ; and thence was appointed to the Public Works Department 
 of Bombay in 1861. From 1857 to 1S87 he was Secretary and Engineer 
 to the Poona City Municipal Corporation; and from 1887 to 1889 
 Executive Officer to the Poona Cantonment Fund. He is now Member of 
 the Poona Municipal Corporation, and an Honorary Magistrate, as well as 
 member of many local Committees. He has two sons — Ananta, born 1864 ; 
 and Krishna, born 1874. His brother is the Rao Bahadur Kashinath Ram 
 Chandra Godbole ('/.?'•) 
 
 /iVi/V/t'/ZiY.^ I'oona, Bombay. 
 
 NARUKOT, DIPSINQH JAGATSINGH, Chief of . 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1 84 1 ; belongs to a Koli (aboriginal) family. The area of the State 
 is 143 square miles; its population is 6440, chiefly Hindus. It is tributary 
 to Baroda. 
 
 Residence. — Jhotwdr, Gujardt, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 383 
 
 NARWAR, RAO RAGHUNATH SINGH, Rao of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1863; succeeded to the ^(^adi 12th June 1882. Belongs to a 
 Jhala Rajput (Hindu) family. The population of this State is about 2000, 
 chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Nirwir, Western Mdlwa, Central India. 
 
 NASARVANJI KHARSEDJI, Khdti Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1S77, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Ahmadnagar, Bombay. 
 
 NASIR-UD-DIN MIRZA, Nawdb Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of a great-grandson of His 
 late Majesty Muhammad Ali Shah, King of Oudh. He is a son of Sulaiman 
 Mirza {q.v.), grandson of that monarch. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 NASRAT ALI, CHAUDHRI, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1 8th August 1849. The title is personal, and was conferred on 
 2nd January 1888. Belongs to a family claiming descent from the first 
 Khalif. His ancestors held high offices under the former Governments of 
 Oudh. He is a nephew of Muhammad Azim (^.z'.), hereditary Chaudhri of 
 Kakrali in Hardoi district, Oudh. Chaudhri Nasrat Ali, Khan Bahadur, 
 rendered valuable service to Government in connection with the preparation 
 of the Oudh Rent Act. He is an Honorary Magistrate, and Assistant 
 Secretary of the British Indian Association. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow Oudh. 
 
 NASRAT ALI KHAN walad IMAM BAKHSH KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation (see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 NASWADI, THAKUR MANSINGHJI, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1880; belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family. The State, which is 
 tributary to Baroda, has an area of about 8 square miles. The Thakur is 
 still a minor. 
 
 Residence. — Naswddi, Rewi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
384 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 NATHU BAPUJI, Rao Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 13th August 1881. 
 Residence. — Ahmadnagar, Bombay. 
 
 NAULANA, THAKUR PIRTHI SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1877 ; succeeded to the ^adi as a minor in 1884. Belongs to a 
 Rajput (Hindu) family. The population of the State is about 407, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Naulana, Western Mdlwd, Central India. 
 
 NAURANG KHAN, A7td» Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on nth March 1859, as a personal distinction, 
 for very distinguished sevices during the Multdn rebellion and the Mutiny of 
 1857. Belongs to the Gandapur (Afghan) family of Kulachi in the Dera 
 Ismail Khdn district of the Punjab. He raised 50 horse and 100 foot for 
 service in the Multdn campaign, and was desperately wounded at that time. 
 At the close of the campaign he joined the Police, retiring on a pension after 
 three years ; but continued to volunteer for ser\-ice on the frontier, and his 
 son, ^luhammad Zamdn Khdn, was killed in this service. When the Mutiny 
 broke out in 1857 he raised 600 men ; and leaving 200 foot with the Deputy 
 Commissioner of Uera Ismail Khdn, he joined Sir Herbert Edwardes with the 
 residue at Peshdwar, and marched at the head of these followers into 
 Hindustan. He was engaged in the actions against the rebels at Jhelum, 
 Delhi, Najafgarh, and elsewhere ; and on one occasion saved Lieutenant 
 Lind's life by killing a Sepoy who was about to bayonet that officer when dis- 
 mounted. For these services he received a jdgir in perpetuity, and the title 
 of Khdn Bahddur. His son, Muhammad Zamdn Khdn, mentioned above, 
 left a son named Bakhtiyar Khdn. Another son, Mehardil Khdn, has three 
 sons — Faiz Muhammad Khdn, born 1862 ; Sayyid Muhammad Khdn, 
 born 1864; AbduUa Khdn, born 1866. A third son, Sarfariz Khdn, 
 Risalddr, has two sons — Gul/.dr Khdn and Kuniddd Khdn. A fourth son, 
 Sikandar Khdn, has a son named Samandar Khdn. 
 
 Residence. — Kuldchi, Dera Ismail Khdn, Punjab. 
 
 NAVA KRISHNA GHOSH, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred on 19th April 1S84, as a personal distinction, for 
 valuable services in the Bengal Police. 
 Residence. — Hugli, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 385 
 
 NAVALPUR, PHULSINGH LASHKARI PAD VI, Chief of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1867; succeeded to the gadi in 1876 as a minor. The State, 
 which is one of the Mewas States of Khandesh, has an area of 20 square 
 miles, and a population of 180, chiefly Bhils (aborigines) ; to which tribe also 
 the Chief belongs. 
 
 Residence. — Navalpur, Khindesh, Bombay. 
 
 NAWAB JAN, MAULAVI, Khan Saheb. 
 
 The title was conferred on 6th July 18S7, as a personal distinction, for 
 valuable ser\'ices rendered to Government in the Foreign Department. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 NAWAB MIRZA, Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title of a grandson of His late 
 Majesty Muhammad AH Shah, third King of Oudh. Is the son of Mirza 
 Humayun Bakht, who was a son of that monarch. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 NAWANAGAR, HIS HIGHNESS JAM SHRI SIR VIBHAJI 
 RANMALJI, K.C.S.I., Jam Saheb of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 8th May 1827; succeeded to the gadi 22nd February 1852. 
 Belongs to the illustrious Jareja Rajput family that has given ruling families 
 to Kutch, Dhrol, Rajkot, and other States of Western India. Jam Rawal, 
 said to have been the elder brother of the then Jam of Kutch, emigrated 
 from Kutch and established himself at Nawanagar in 1535. In 1788 the 
 great fort of Nawanagar was constructed under the orders of one of Jam 
 Rawal's descendants, the Jam Jasaji. The latter died in 18 14 without male 
 heirs ; and his widow, the Rani Achuba, adopted Ranmalji, who became the 
 Jam Ranmalji, and was the father of the present Jam. The Jam Ranmalji 
 was a popular ruler, and distinguished himself by the ability with which he 
 saved his people from the horrors of the famines of 1834, 1839, and 1S46. 
 He was also a famous sportsman and lion-killer. The present Jam is equally 
 distinguished as a sportsman ; but he has also earned a great reputation as 
 an administrator, especially in the departments of education and public 
 works. He has also greatly improved the system of revenue-collection, and 
 the administration of justice within his State. On the occasion of the visit 
 to India of His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh, the Jam went to 
 Bombay to take part in his reception. Similarly, in 1875, His Highness 
 had the honour of being one of those Princes of Western India who first 
 received His Royal Highness the Prince of \Vales on the occasion of his 
 memorable visit to India in the winter of 1875-76. In 1877 the Jam was 
 an invited and honoured guest at the Imperial assemblage at Delhi, on the 
 
 2 c 
 
386 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India ; and lie then had the honour of receiving an addition of four guns to 
 his salute, as a personal distinction. On ist January 1878 he was created 
 a Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. He 
 has a son and heir, born about the year 1 S84. The State has an area of 
 3791 square miles; and a population of 316,147, chiefly Hindus, but 
 including about 50,000 Muhammadans. His Highness maintains a military 
 force of 191 cavalry, 3060 infantry, and 117 guns, and is entitled to a salute 
 of 15 guns, including a personal salute of 4 guns. 
 Residence. — Nawdnagar, Kdthiiwdr, Bombay. 
 
 NA^WAZISH ALT KHAN, SIR, K.C.I.B (of Nawabganj), 
 ALIABAD, Nawdb. 
 
 Born 1S28. The title was conferred on 21st May 1866, as a personal 
 distinction, in recognition of his position, and of the great public services of 
 his distinguished father, the Nawdb Ali Raza Khan Bahddur, and of himself. 
 Belongs to a Quazilbash or Kazilbash family of high rank in Afghanistan ; 
 descended from Sardar Ali Khan, who came from the province of Sherwan 
 on the west coast of the Caspian Sea, with Nadir Shah, when the latter 
 invaded India. On his return Sardar Ali Khan was appointed Governor of 
 Kandahar. He obtained the district of Hazdra, north of Kandahdr, on the 
 accession of Ahmad Shdh Uurani, whom he accompanied in his last invasion 
 of India, and by whose instigation he was assassinated. His son, Hiddyat 
 Khan, accompanied Shdh Zamdn to Lahore in 1797. When the British army 
 brought back Shah Shujd to Kdbul in 1839, Hiddyat Khdn's son, Ali Raza 
 Khdn, who was living on his estate, was appointed Chief Agent of the Com- 
 missariat Department. During the disasters that followed he remained 
 faithful to British interests ; and it was mainly by his aid that the British 
 prisoners were ultimately enabled to make their escape and join the relieving 
 army of General Pollock. He accompanied the British forces to India on 
 the evacuation of Afghanistan ; and his estate was confiscated by Muhammad 
 Akbar Khdn, in consequence of which he received a British pension. During 
 the Sutlej campaign he joined the British camp with his brothers and 5o 
 horsemen of his tribe ; and during the rebellion of 1848-49 furnished 100 
 horsemen for active service. In 1857 Ali Raza Khdn voluntarily raised a 
 troop of horse and sent it to Delhi at his own expense, mortgaging for the 
 purpose his house and property at Lahore ; this troop formed part of Hod- 
 son's Horse, and served with conspicuous gallantry throughout the Mutiny 
 campaigns. Lieutenant-Colonel H. D. Daly, when commandant of Hodson's 
 Horse, wrote of him in February 1859: "He has served throughout the 
 war, and on all occasions has been conspicuous for chivalric valour. ... His 
 gallantry has won for him the First Class of the Order of Merit. ... A 
 braver soldier never took the field." As a reward he received a large grant 
 of lands in Oudh, with the title of Nawdb conferred in 1864; and this, on 
 his death in 1866, was continued to his son, the Nawdb Nawdzish Ali Khdn. 
 The family have also received a grant of lands in Lahore district in the Pun- 
 jab. The Nawdb was made an Honorary Assistant Commissioner of the 
 Punj.-ib on 1st January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India ; and he was for some time a 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 387 
 
 Member of the Imperial Legislative Council of India. On ist June 1888 
 he was created a Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the 
 Indian Empire. He has taken a prominent part in the foundation of the 
 Punjab University, and in all important works of public utility or benevolence 
 in that Province. 
 
 Residences. — Bahraich, Oudh ; and Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 NAYAGARH, RAJA RAGHUNATH SINGH MANDHATA, 
 
 Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Succeeded to the gadi 2nd March 1890. Belongs to the Rdjput 
 (Hindu) family, of whom there have been twenty-two generations of Rajas in 
 Nayagarh since the time when its founder, Surjya Mani Singh, a scion of the 
 family of the Rajas of Rewah, established himself there. The family obtained 
 at various times from the Rajas of Puri the titles of " Champati Singh 
 Mangraj " and " Mandhata." The late Raja, Ladhu Kishor Singh Mandhata, 
 was born about 1843; and succeeded to the gadi 20th September 1851. 
 The family cognisance or crest is a tiger's head. The area of the State, 
 which is one of the Orissa Tributary Mahals, is 588 square miles; its popu- 
 lation is 114,622, chiefly Hindus. The Raja maintains a military force of 
 741 men and 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Kild Nayigarh, Orissa, Bengal. 
 
 NAZIR ALI, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1842. The title was conferred on 8th October 1875, ^^ a personal 
 distinction, in recognition of his position as son-in-law of His late Highness 
 Zahir-ud-daula, the second of the titular Princes of Arcot. 
 Residence. — M adras. 
 
 NE DUN, MAUNG, Kyet Thaye zaung sMve Salwe ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was confened on ist January 1889. It is 
 indicated by the letters K.S.M. after the name, and means "Recipient of the 
 Gold Chain of Honour." 
 Residence. — Prome, Burma. 
 
 NEPAL, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJ-ADHIRAJ PRITHVI BIR 
 BIKRAM JANG BAHADUR SAH SAHEB BAHADUR 
 SHAMSHER JANG, Mahdrdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1875; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 17th May 1881. The 
 ruling race of Nepal is the Gurkha, which also furnishes some of the best 
 soldiers of the Indian army. The family of the Maharaja is said to be of 
 Sisodiya Rajput descent ; claiming descent from the Rdja Prithvi Nardyan, 
 who died in the year 1771 A.D., about three years after the complete con- 
 quest of Nepal by his Gurkha troops. One of his descendants, in the time 
 
388 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 of Warren Hastings, about the year 1790, invaded Tibet on two occasions, 
 and brought back great booty ; but the Emperor of China, as Suzerain of 
 Tibet, sent a large army into Nepal in 1792, that advanced within 26 miles 
 of the capital, Khatmandu, and forced the Nepalese to conclude a treaty of 
 submission. Subsequently, between the years 1803 and 1815, the Gurkhas 
 of Nepal, notwithstanding great internal dissensions, overran the Cis-Sutlej 
 territory of the Punjab and the Simla Hill States; but in 18 14 the British 
 intervened, expelled the Gurkhas from the Punjab territories in 181 5, and in 
 1816 a treaty was signed, which transferred the control both of those terri- 
 tories and of Kumaun, the Dehra Dun, and the other outlying districts, to 
 the British Power. The late Prime Minister of Nepal, Sir Jang Bahadur, 
 G.C.B., G.C.S.I., was well known in England, and was the virtual ruler of 
 Nepdl from 1846 to the time of his death in 1877. He rendered good ser- 
 vices in the Mutiny of 1S57 by sending Gurkha troops, who gave material 
 help in the reduction of the rebellious province of Oudh. The State has an 
 area of 54,000 square miles, consisting of sub-Himalayan valleys and moun 
 tain-ranges. Its population is estimated at 2,000,000 and upwards. The 
 Mahdrdja maintains a military force of 54 cavalr)', 48,200 infantry, and 920 
 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 2 1 guns. 
 Residence. — Khatmandu, Nep.il. 
 
 NI, MAUNG, Ahmudan gaung Tazeik-ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1890. It is 
 indicated by the letters A.T.M. after the name, and means "Recipient of 
 the Medal for Good Service." 
 
 Residence. — Mandalay, Burma. 
 
 NIAMAT KHAN. .Sir Ghulam Muhammad. 
 
 NIA.MAT-ULLA KHAN (of Rehlu), Rdjd. 
 
 The title was conferred on ist August 1879, ^s a personal distinction. 
 Belongs to a Rajput family, who for many generations were Rdjas of Rdjauri, 
 in the territory now called Janimu, and belonging to His Highness the 
 Mahdrdja of Jammu and Kashmir. The late Rdjd, Hamid-ulla Khan, was 
 driven out of the Rdj of Rdjauri by the late Chief of Jammu ; and he subse- 
 quently settled at Rehlu in the Kdngra district, receiving an annual allow- 
 ance from the Janimu Government in compensation for the loss of his estate. 
 Though no longer Rdjd of Rdjauri, the personal title of Rdjd was conferred 
 upon him by the British Government for his services during the time of the 
 Mutiny in 1857; and he was appointed an Honorary Assistant Commis- 
 sioner of the Punjab. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the present 
 Rdjd. 
 
 Residence. — Rehlu, K.ingra, Punjab. 
 
 NIDHAN SINGH (of Mukerian), Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditary. The Sarddr is a younger brother of Sarddr Bur 
 Singh of .Mukerian — under whose name is given an account of this family. 
 Residence. — Mukerian, Hoshidrpur, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 389 
 
 NIEPHRODSYNB (of Manikchari), Mong Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The present Mong Raja has recently succeeded 
 to the gadi. His predecessor was the Mong Raja Narabadi, who was born 
 about the year 1S48, and succeeded his father, the Mong Raja Keojosine, in 
 1869. The family are the hereditary Chiefs of the Palangtha clan of Hill 
 Burmese, sometimes called Maghs (Mugs) or Arakanese — who occupy the 
 northern portion of the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The founder of the family 
 was named Khedu ; and he was originally the Dabaingox Sardar of a number 
 of villages. His descendant was Konjai, the grandfather of the late Mong 
 Raja Narabadi. The latter did good service to the Government in the 
 first Lushai war, by supplying coolies, boats, etc. ; and the hereditary title 
 of Mong Raja has been confirmed to the family. 
 
 Residence. — Manikchari, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bengal. 
 
 NIHAL SINGH (of Kang), Sardar. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sardar is the younger brother of Sardar 
 Narayan Singh of Kang ; under whose name an account of this family has 
 been given. 
 
 Residence. — Kang, Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 NIHAL SINGH (of SMhkot), Sardar. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sardar is the younger brother of the late 
 Sardar Bakshish Singh, father of Sardar Amar Singh of Shahkot, under whose 
 name has been given some account of this family. Their ancestor, Sardar 
 Sujan Singh, son of Amrika, took possession of Shahkot and the neighbour- 
 ing territory in 1759 a.d., on the decline of the Mughal Power. The family 
 subsequently came under the power of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore. 
 The Sardar is the son of the late Sardar Kharak Singh, who was one of the 
 grandsons of Sardar Sujan Singh. He has a son and heir, named Sundar 
 Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Shdhkot, Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 NIL KRISHNA DEB, Mahdrdj Kumar. 
 
 The title is personal, as the courtesy title of a son of the late Maharaja 
 Kamal Krishna Deb. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 NILGIRI, RAJA KRISHNA CHANDRA MARDRAJ HARI 
 CHANDAI^, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1827 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 22nd November 1832. 
 Belongs to a Kshatriya (Hindu) family, claiming descent from Narayan Singh 
 Bhujang Mandhata Birat Basant Hari Chandan, a scion of the reigning 
 House of Chota Nagpur, who married a daughter of Raja Pratap Rudra Deb, 
 
390 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Rdjd of Orissa about the commencement of the 15 th century, and founded 
 the Nilgiri Raj. From him the present Rajd is twenty-fifth in descent ; 
 nearly every successive Raja bearing the style and titles of Mardrdj Hari 
 Chandan, as well as that of Raja, which was formally recognised by the 
 British government in 1874. The family cognisance is a karaila flower. 
 Thejarea of the State, which is one of the Orissa Tributary Mahals, is 278 
 square miles; its population is 50,972, chiefly Hindus, but including 6366 
 members of various aboriginal tribes, mostly Bhumij. The Rdjd maintains 
 a military force of 1 7 7 infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Nilgiri, Orissa, Bengal. 
 
 NILKANTH GOVIND GOKHALE, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 
 Residence. — Miraj, Bombay. 
 
 NTT. KAN TH JANARDAN KIRTANE, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 31st October 1879. 
 Residence. — Dewas, Central India. 
 
 NILMANI SINGH DEO (of Pachete), Rdjd. 
 
 Born about 1807. The title is personal, and was conferred on 22nd 
 November 1861. The Rdjds of Pachete in Mdnbhum, Chota Ndgpur, 
 Bengal, belong to a family descended from a Rdjput foundling, who is said 
 to have been suckled by a cow on the Kapila Hill near Jhalda, on the 
 western boundary of the district of Mdnbhum. The present Rdjd is fifty-ninth 
 in descent, and succeeded to the estate on the death of his father, the late Rdjd 
 Garur Nardyan .Singli Deo. He has several sons, of whom the eldest and 
 heir-apparent is the Kumdr Hari Nardyan Singh, born about 1849. 
 
 Residence. — Mdnbhum, Bengal. 
 
 NIMAI CHARAN BASU, Rat Bahddur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Balasor, Bengal. 
 
 NIMKHERA, BHUMIA DARIYAO SINGH, B/iumia of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Bom 1861 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor in 1864. Belongs to a 
 Bhilala family. The population of the State is about 4600, chiefly Hindus. 
 The Bhuniia maintains a military force of 2 cavalry and 28 infantry. The 
 State is tributary to Dhdr ; and the Bhumia is responsible for the police of 
 the road between Dhdr and SuUdnpur. 
 
 Residence. — Tirla, Bhopdwar, Central India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 391 
 
 NIZAM-UD-DIN. See Muhammad Nizam-ud-din. 
 
 NIZAM-UD-DIN AHMAD, A'/idn Bahadur, Munfiz Jang. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred by the Nawab of the Carnatic, 
 and recognised on i6th December 1890. The Khan Bahadur was one of 
 the Chief Officers of the last Nawab of the Carnatic. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 NIZAM-UD-DIN KHAN (of Mamdot), Nawab. 
 
 Born 1862. The title is hereditary, and was conferred on 5th December 
 1864. The ancestors of the Chiefs of Mamdot, in the Lahore division of 
 the Punjab, were Pathans, who came from Kandahar in 1570 a.d., and 
 settled at Kasur, south of Lahore. When the Sikhs rose to power they 
 experienced great opposition from this Pathan colony. Maharaja Ranjit 
 Singh repeatedly attacked Kasur, but without effect; till at last, in 1807, 
 Kutb-ud-din, then Chief of Kasur, agreed to retire to the territory of Mamdot, 
 which he had recently conquered from the Rai of Raikot. In 1831 Kutb- 
 ud-din's nephew, Fateh-ud-din Khan, surprised his uncle, with the connivance 
 (it was said) of Ranjit Singh, and drove him out of the country ; and shortly 
 afterwards Kutb-ud-din died at Amritsar. The Maharaja Ranjit Singh then 
 ousted Fateh-ud-din ; and installed Jamal-ud-din Khan, elder son of Kutb- 
 ud-din, in his father's possessions. When the control of the country passed 
 to the British Government, Jamal-ud-din, for services rendered during the 
 Sutlej campaign, was at first elevated to the position of a Ruling (feudatory) 
 Chief He, however, greatly abused his powers, and was deprived of them 
 in 1856, the Mamdot territory being incorporated with the Firuzpur district, 
 and in 1863 he died of apoplexy. His younger brother, Jalal-ud-din Khan, 
 had been in no way connected with his misgovernment. In the rebellion of 
 1848, and again during the Mutiny of 1857, he rendered faithful service to 
 Government; so in 1864 he was declared to be the hereditary Nawab of 
 Mamdot, to the exclusion of the sons of Jamal-ud-din. In 1870 he was made 
 an Honorary Magistrate, and died in 1875. The present Nawab was edu- 
 cated at Lahore with the Nawab of Bahawalpur. 
 
 Residence. — Mamdot, Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 NIZAM-UD-DIN KHAN, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 30th April 1872, in recogni- 
 tion of very valuable services rendered to the Government during the Mutiny 
 of 1857. Belongs to an Afghan family, and is the son of the late Muhammad 
 Bakhsh Khan. He was presented by the Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab 
 with a Sword and a Certificate of Honour ; and has been made an Honorary 
 Magistrate of Delhi. He has a son and heir, named Ghulam Fakr-ud-din 
 Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Delhi, Punjab. 
 
 NOBO. See Nava. 
 
392 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 NOBO SOPHOH, U. KSON, Seim of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1847 ; succeeded to the ,s^adi 30th July 1870. The population of 
 the State, which is one of the Khasi and Jaintia Hill States, is about 840, 
 consisting of Khasis and Christian converts. 
 
 Resitknce. — Nobo Sophoh, Khdsi Hills, Assam. 
 
 NONGKHLAO, KINE SINGH, Seim of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1843 ; succeeded to \\\^ gadi \()\.\\ March 1876. Belongs to a Khdsi 
 (Christian) family. The population of the State, which is one of the Khdsi 
 and Jaintia Hill States, is about 7368, consisting chiefly of Khdsis and 
 Christians. 
 
 Residence. — Nongkhlao, Khdsi Hills, Assam. 
 
 NONGSPUNG, U. PARBA, Seim of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born i860 ; succeeded to the gadi i ith November 1885. Belongs to a 
 Khdsi (Christian) family. The population of the State, which is one of the 
 Khdsi and Jaintia Hill States, is about 1506, consisting of Khdsis and 
 Christians. 
 
 Residence. — Nongspung, Khdsi Hills, Assam. 
 
 NONGSTOIN, M. SINGH, Seim of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born 1844 ; succeeded to the gadi 15th May i860. Belongs to a Khdsi 
 family. The population of the State, which is one of the Khdsi and Jaintia 
 Hill States, is 8472, consisting of Khdsis and Christians. 
 Residence. — Nongstoin, Khdsi Hills, Assam. 
 
 NUR JAMAL KHAN, MAULAVI, Shamsul-Ulama. 
 
 This title was conferred on 2nd January i888, as a personal distinction, 
 for eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in Darbdr 
 immediately after titular Nawabs. 
 
 Residence. — Miraj, Bombay. 
 
 NUR MUHAMMAD KHAN, MIR, His Highness. 
 
 The title is ]ier.-;onal, and was conferred on 24th December 1878, in 
 recognition of His Highness's position as the representative of one of the 
 ruling Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 
 Residence. — H yderabad, Sind. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 393 
 
 NYAUNGYWE, SAW ON, K.S.M., Sawbtua of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Sawbwa is the Chief of one of the Shan States, Burma, and has 
 received the honour of K.S.M. (Jiyef Thaye zaiuig shwe Salwe ya Min, see 
 Introduction, § 6; meaning "Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour") 
 from Her Most Gracious Majesty the Empress. The State of Nyaungywe has 
 four feudatories — Inleywa, Kyanktal, Letthet, and Thigyit ; and, including 
 these dependencies, its area is about 2500 square miles. The population 
 consists chiefly of Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Nyaungywe, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 OBHOY. Sec Abhai. 
 
 OKHIL GHUNDBR MOOKERJEA, Rai Bahadur. 
 See Akhil Chandra Mukharji. 
 
 ON, MAUNG, C.I.E., Jhmiidan gaung Tazeik-ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 6th June 1885. It is indi- 
 cated by the letters A.T.M. after the name ; and means " The Recipient of 
 the Medal for Good Service." Maung On was created a Companion of the 
 Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, ist January 1879. 
 
 Residence. — Rangoon, Burma. 
 
394 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF IXDIA 
 
 ORCHHA, HIS HIGHNESS SARAMAD-I-RAJAHA-I-BUNDEL- 
 KHAND, MAHARAJA MAHINDRA SAWAI PRATAP 
 SINGH BAHADUR, Mahdrdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1854; succeeded to the .c";//' 15 th March 1874. Is the head of the 
 great Bundela family of Garhwar Kajputs, which has given ruling families to 
 Panna, Dattia, Ajaigarh, Charkhari, Bijdwar, Sarila, Jigni, Jaso, Lughasi, and 
 other Chiefships of Bundelkhand. In legendary times the Garhwar Rdjputs 
 were ruling at Benares ; and on the subversion of that throne by the Musal- 
 mdns, Hem Kurn, surnamed Pancham, migrated westward. His son, Bir 
 Singh, took the clan name of Bundela, by which his family and the country 
 of Bundelkhand has ever since been known, and settled at Mau Mahoni in 
 the north-west of that Province in the 13th century a.d. The family extended 
 its possessions southward during the next hundred years ; and a descendant 
 named Sdnpdl took possession of Kordr, east of Jhdnsi, in the 14th centurj-. 
 In 1532 A.D. Rudra Pratab, then the Chief of the Bundelas, founded Orchha. 
 From his younger son, Udyajit, sprang the many families of the Eastern 
 Bundelas (Panna, Ajaigarh, etc.) ; whilst Matkur Sah, the elder son, was the 
 ancestor of the Chiefs of Orchha, Dattia, and other ^Vestern States. His son, 
 the Rdjd Bir Singh Deo, was famous in the reigns of the Emperors Akbar 
 and Jahdngir, and was the founder of many great public works. Orchha was 
 the only State of Bundelkhand that did not fall under the power of the 
 Peshwds ; though the Mahrattas succeeded in dismembering it, by conquering 
 Jhdnsi and forming it into a new and ultimately a powerful State. When 
 Bundelkhand passed under British control. Raja Vikramaditya Mahendra was 
 the Chief of Orchha ; and by the treaty of 18 12 he became a feudatory of 
 the British Power. He died in 1834, and, after some disputes, was succeeded 
 by Sujan Singh. On the death of the latter his widow adopted Hamir Singh, 
 a descendant of the same family; and he was succeeded in 1874 by his 
 younger brother, the present Mahdrdjd. In 18S2 His Highness received the 
 additional title of Sawai. The area of the State is 1933 square miles ; its 
 population 31 1,514, chiefly Hindus, but including 9560 Muhammadans, and 
 7233 Jains. His Highness maintains a military force of 350 cavalr)-, 4400 
 infantry, and 90 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of i 7 guns (including 2 
 guns personal). 
 
 Residence. — Tehri, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 395 
 
 PADAMJI PESTANJI, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1820. The title was conferred on 29th May i860, as a personal 
 distinction, both on the Khan Bahadur himself and on his father, the late 
 Khan Bahadur Pestanji Sorabji, for services during the Mutiny of 1857, and 
 generally for services rendered in the conveyance of the Royal mails for a period 
 extending over twenty-eight years. The late Khan Bahadur Pestanji Sorabji, 
 a respected Parsi gentleman, had charge of the mail service between Bombay 
 and Nagpur, and also other lines reaching to the Madras frontier. The 
 Khan Bahadur Padamji Pestanji has been a Municipal Commissioner for the 
 City of Poona (1860-74); was created a First-class Sardar of the Deccan, 
 1872 ; appointed a Member of the Legislative Council of Bombay (1874-76) ; 
 is a Fellow of the University of Bombay ; and has been exempted from 
 personal attendance in Civil Courts. Has founded and maintained three 
 Dharmsdlas (rest-houses for poor travellers), a charitable dispensary school, 
 and some other benevolent and religious institutions. Has four sons — 
 Dorabji, born 1838; Naoroji, born 1841 ; Sorabji, born 1855; Bairamji, 
 born i860. 
 
 Residence. — BhawAnipet, Poona, Bombay. 
 
 PADMAN SINGH, THAKUR (of Khariar), Rdjd. 
 
 The title was conferred on i6th February 1S87, as a personal distinction, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Khariar, Raipur, Central Provinces. 
 
 PADMANAND SINGH (of Baneli), Rdjd Bahddiir. 
 
 The title was conferred on 2nd January 1888, as a personal distinction, 
 
 on his succeeding his father, the late Raja Lila Nanda Singh Bahadur. The 
 great-grandfather of the present Raja, Dular Singh, received the title of Raja 
 Bahadur for services rendered to the British Government in the Nepal war. 
 Raja Dular Singh died in 1821 ; and the title was continued to his son. 
 Raja Bidya Nanda Singh. The latter died in 1851, and the title was in like 
 manner continued to his son, Raja Lila Nanda Singh, the father of the 
 present Raja, as a personal distinction. 
 Residence. — Pumiah, Bengal. 
 
 PAHAR SINGH (of Narhat), Rao. 
 
 Born 1854. The title is hereditary. The Rao is descended from the 
 illustrious family of the Bundela Rajputs that has given its name to the 
 Province of Bundelkhand, and ruling Houses to most of the States of 
 Bundelkhand, including Orchha, Panna, Dattia, etc. (q.v) The Narhat 
 family is an offshoot of that of the Raja Sardar Singh Bahadur of Katehra 
 {q.v.) In 1 85 I Rao Bakht Bali, father of the present Rao, was in possession 
 of the estate. 
 
 Residence. — Narhat, Lalitpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
396 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 PAHARI BANKA, DIWAN MIHRBAN SINGH, Diwdn of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Succeeded to the gadi 14th November 1890. Belongs to the great 
 Bundela Rajput family, the head of which is the Mahdrdja of Orchha {q.v.). 
 Rai Singh, a descendant of the youngest son of Bir Singh Deo, held from his 
 kinsman, the Chief of Orchha, the Buragaon jagir, and this he divided 
 among his eight sons — whence the States so formed were called the 
 Hashtbhdya jdgirs, or " Appanages of the eight brothers." Only four of 
 these now exist — Dhurwai, Bijna, Tori, and last Pahari Banka, which was 
 given to Umed Singh, the youngest son of Rai Singh. His great-grandson, 
 the Diwdn Ishri Singh, obtained a satiad from the British Government in 
 1823 confirming him in the possession of this State. He was succeeded by 
 the Diwan Bijai Bahadur ; who was in turn followed by the late Diwdn 
 Piydriju, father of the present Diwdn. The area of the State is about 5 
 square miles ; its population is 1094, chiefly Hindus. The Diwdn maintains 
 a military^ force of 20 men. 
 
 Residence. — Pahdri Banka, Hundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 PAHRA, CHAUBE RADHA GB.KE.K^,Jdgirddrof. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 17th August 1856; succeeded to the gadi 14th January 1868. 
 Belongs to a Chaub(5 Brdhman Hindu family, claiming descent from Ram 
 Krishna Chaubd, Kildddr (Governor of the Fortress) of Kalinjar, from whom 
 descend also the other three branches of " the Kalinjar Chaubes," viz. the 
 Chiefs of I'aldeo, Taraon, and Bhaisaunda (q.v.) His son, Salig Ram, 
 received a sanad from the British Government, confirming him in the pos- 
 session of Pahra. His great-grandson is the -^x^^gxA Jdgirddr. The area of 
 the State is 10 square miles; its population is 4016, chiefly Hindus. The 
 Chief maintains a military force of 12 cavalry, loo infantry, and 2 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Pahra, Bundclkhand, Central India. 
 
 PAINTIPUR, Rdjd of. See Muhammad Kazim Husain Khdn. 
 
 PAL, JAREJA RATAN SINGH, Tdlukddr of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1841 ; succeeded to the .^naV' 25th October 1879. Belongs to a 
 Rdjput (Hindu) family, of the Jarcja clan. The State, which is tributary to 
 Baroda and Junagarh, has an area of 21 square miles, and a population of 
 1 2 14, chiefly Hindus. The Tdlukddr maintains a military force of 2 cavalry 
 and 16 infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Pal, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 397 
 
 PAL LAHARA, RAJA GANESHWAR PAL, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1884; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 30th August 1888. 
 Belongs to a Kshatriya (Rajput Hindu) family, claiming descent from Raja 
 Santosh Pal, alias Pat Ganeshwar Pal. IVenty-two generations have inter- 
 vened, in regular descent from father to son, between the founder of the 
 family and the present Raja, each Raja receiving alternately either the style 
 of "Pat Ganeshwar Pal" or "Pat Muni Pal." The late Raja, Chintamani 
 Pal, was styled "Pat Muni Pal"; he succeeded to the gadi in i860. The 
 State had for a long time been included in that of Keunjhar, the Raja having 
 been treated as a feudatory of Keunjhar. But this caused many feuds, and 
 Pal Lahara was at length declared a British feudatory, independent of 
 Keunjhar. The late Pat Muni Pal rendered distinguished services during 
 the operations for the suppression of the Keunjhar rebellion in 1867-68, 
 and received as a reward the title of Raja Bahadur as a personal distinction. 
 He died in 1888, and was succeeded by the present Raja, styled in turn Pat 
 Ganeshwar PaL The family cognisance or crest is the cobra or hooded 
 snake. The area of the State, which is one of the Orissa Tributary Mahals, 
 is 452 square miles; its population is 14,887, chiefly Hindus. The Raja 
 maintains a military force of 94 infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Pdl Lahara, Orissa, Bengal. 
 
 PALAJ, THAKUR DAULAT SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1878 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor. The State has a popula- 
 tion of 1 70 1. The Thakur belongs to a Koli (aboriginal) family. 
 Residence. — Palaj, Mdhi Kantha, Bombay. 
 
 PALANJI RATANJI, A7m/i Saheb. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i8th August 1881. 
 Residence. — Surat, Bombay. 
 
 PALANPUR, HIS HIGHNESS SIR SHER MUHAMMAD 
 
 KHAN, LOHANI, K.C.I.E., Diicdn of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1852; succeeded to the gadi 19th September 1877. Belongs to 
 an Afghan family of the Lohani clan, whose ancestors occupied Behar in the 
 time of the Emperor Humayun. Ghazni Khan, the Chief, obtained the title 
 of Diwan from the Emperor Akbar in 1597, for successfully repelling an 
 invasion of Afghans, and he was also made Governor of Lahore. His 
 descendant in 1682 received the Province of Jhalod (including Palanpur, 
 Disa, and other districts) from the Emperor Aurangzeb ; but in 1698 his 
 successor was driven westward by the Rahtor Rajputs of Marwar, and settled 
 in Palanpur, where the family has ever since remained. In 1809 the State 
 came under British control. In 181 2 the Diwan Firoz Khan was murdered 
 by his Sindi guards ; his son, Diwan Fateh Singh, was reinstated by British 
 
398 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 troops under General Holmes, but was ultimately removed from the chiefship 
 for maladministration. The late Diwdn Zorawar Khdn was granted the 
 additional title of "His Excellency"; he succeeded to the gadi in 1854, 
 and dying in 1877 was succeeded by his son, the present Diwan. The 
 family banner is crimson, with a bordure vert. The area of the State is 3150 
 square miles, with a population of 236,461, chiefly Hindus, but including 
 27,256 Muhammadans. His Highness the Diwan maintains a militar)' force 
 of 294 cavalry, 697 infantry, and 80 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 
 1 1 guns. Created a Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the 
 Indian Empire, 2nd January 1S93. 
 Residence. — Pdlanpur, Bombay. 
 
 PALASNI, THAKUR JITSINGHJI, T)idkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1864. Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family. The area of the 
 State, which is tributary to Baroda, is about 6 square miles. 
 Residence. — Palasni, Rewi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 PALASVIHIR, NAIK NAWSA -cvahid FIRIA, Chief of. 
 .\ Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1830. Belongs to a Bhil (aboriginal tribe) family. The area of 
 the State, which is one of the Dang States of Khandesh, is about 2 square 
 miles; its population about 220, chiefly Bhils. 
 
 Residence. — Palasvihir, Khdndesh, Bombay. 
 
 PALDEO, RAO CHAUBE ANRUDH SINGH, /<i^></<fr <7/ 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born i8th October 1837; succeeded to the gadi 2nd April 1874. 
 Belongs to the Chaub^ Brdhman family, known as the " Kdlinjar Chaub^ 
 Jdgirdars," of whom there are now four Ruling Chiefs — those of Paldeo, 
 Taraon, Bhaisaunda, and Pahra {q-v.) Descended from Chaubi^ Rdm 
 Krishna, who was kildddr (Governor of the Fortress) of the ancient and 
 famous fort of Kdlinjar under the Chief of Panna. His sons successfully 
 defended the fort against Ali Bahddur, who died in the attempt to take it. 
 At a later period the family held the fort for some time against British 
 troops ; but ultimately they came to terms, and received Kdlinjar and some 
 territory around it as a jdgir. Subsequently the Government resumed the 
 fort of Kdlinjar, giving the four brothers of the Chaubif family the four States 
 named above, as feudatory yJi^/W, in exchange. Thus Baldeo Singh became 
 the first Jdgirddr of Paldeo, and his son, Dariao Singh, received a sanad from 
 the British Government The present Jdgirddr is fifth in descent from him ; 
 and at the Imperial Asscmbl.ige of Delhi in January 1877, on the occasion 
 of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India, he 
 received the title of Rao as a personal distinction. The area of the Stale is 
 28 square miles ; its population is 8824, chiefly Hindus. The Rao maintains 
 a military force of 10 cavalry, 200 infantry, and 3 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Paldeo, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 399 
 
 PALITANA, THAKUR SAHEB MANSINGHJI, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1863; succeeded to the gadi 24th November 18S5. Belongs to 
 the same family of Gohel Rajputs as that of His Highness the Maharaja of 
 Bhaunagar ; descended from ancestors who were driven out of Marwar in 
 Rajputana by the Rahtors in the 12 th century. The late Thakur Saheb 
 Sursinghji succeeded to \hz gadi on ist June 1S60, and dying in 1885, was 
 succeeded by his eldest son, the present Thakur. The State is famous for 
 the greatest of all the sacred hills of the Jains, Satrunjaya, which is covered 
 with a very large number of magnificent Jain temples. The area of the 
 State is 289 square miles: its population is 49,271, chiefly Hindus, but 
 including 3581 Muhammadans. The Thakur Saheb maintains a military 
 force of 74 cavalr)', 401 infantry, and 7 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 
 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Pilitdna, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 PANCHAM SINGH, Rao. 
 
 Born 31st May i860. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Bundela 
 Rajput family ; descended from Partabju, who in early times founded the 
 village of Swasa in Panwari, and obtained from the Raja Jagat Raj of Jaitpur 
 (son of the Bundela Maharaja Chhatarsal — see Ajaigarh) a grant of the village 
 with the title of Rao. The Rao has a son and heir, named Bhopal Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Swasa, Panwari, Hamirpur, North- Western Provinces. 
 
 PANCHANAN BANARJI, Rat Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on 2nd April 1874, as a personal distinction, in 
 recognition of long and meritorious services to the State in the Judicial 
 Department. The Rai Bahadur was formerly Judge of the Small Cause 
 Courts at Hugli, Serampur, and Howrah. 
 
 Residence. — Hugli, Bengal. 
 
 PANDURANG HARI VAIDYA, Rao Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on 24th May 1883, as a personal distinction. 
 Residence. — Ratnagiri, Bombay. 
 
 PANDURANG RAO TANTIA GORBY, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1878. 
 Residence. — Dewas, Central India. 
 
400 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 PANGANUE, SUGATUR YIMMIDI SANKARA PAYAL 
 YESUNATH, BAHADUR, C.I.B., Zamim/dr of. 
 
 Born I St January 1830; succeeded as Zaniinddr of Panganur on 6th 
 July 1847. His ancestor in the 15th century held the village of Sugatur 
 under the Rajas of Vijayanagar. Later on the family founded the town of 
 Koldr in Mysore, now famous for its gold mines, and acquired considerable 
 territory in that neighbourhood. In the 16th century two brothers divided 
 the estates between them ; and by this partition the ancestor of the present 
 Zaminddr acquired Koldr and Sugatur. Later on the family extended its 
 influence in the direction of Cuddapah (Kadapa), and Panganur was seized 
 and fortified, and this and other acquisitions were held under the Xawdbs of 
 Cuddapah. In 1757 a.d. the Mahrattas overran the Zaminddri, half of 
 which was ceded to them. The Zaminddr subsequently became subject to 
 Haidar Ali of Mysore, and passed under British control on the conquest of 
 that dynasty. The Zaminddr has two sons — Raje Sugatur Yimmidi Vira 
 Basavanna Payal Yesunath Bahadur Varu, and Raje Sugatur Yimmidi 
 Kumdra Chikkara Payal Yesunath Bahadur Varu. The family banner bears 
 the device of a bull. The Zaminddr was created a Companion of the Most 
 Eminent Order of the Indian Empire on ist January 1884. 
 
 Residence. — Panganur, North Arcot, Madras. 
 
 PANJAB SINGH (of Dhandwal), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditar)'. The Sarddr is brother of Sarddr Partdb Singh of 
 Dhandwal {g.v.) ; belongs to a Jat family of Sikhs, whose founder, Sarddr Mdn 
 Singh, conquered territory on both sides of the Sutlej in the year 1759 a.d. 
 His son, Sarddr Joga Singh, was succeeded in turn by his son, Sarddr Chanda 
 Singh, the father of the Sarddrs Partdb Singh, Panjdb Singh, and Sher Singh, 
 all of Dhandwal. 
 
 Residence. — Dhandwal, Hoshidrpur, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 401 
 
 PANNA, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA MAHINDRA SIR 
 RUBRA PRATAP SINGH MAHINDAR BAHADUR, K.C.S.I., 
 Mahdrdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born loth July 1S48; succeeded to the gadi <^\h. June 1870. Belongs 
 to the great Bundela Rajput family, of which His Highness the Maharaja of 
 Orchha (r/.f.) is the senior representative, and of which junior branches are 
 the ruling families in Dattia, Garrauli, Lughasi {q.v), and many other States 
 in Bundelkhand, which Province takes its name from this clan. The Panna 
 House is descended from Udyajit, younger son of Rudra Pratab, the Bundela 
 founder of the Orchha State. Udyajit's grandson, Champat Rai, made him- 
 self independent both of Orchha and of the Musalmans ; and his son, the 
 Maharaja Chhatrasal, acquired very extensive dominions in Eastern and 
 Northern Bundelkhand. His eldest son, Hardi Sah, became Chief of Panna, 
 while his second son was the ancestor of the Chiefs of Ajaigarh, Charkhari, 
 Bijawar, and Sarila ; his third son was the ancestor of the Jigni family, and 
 his fourth son the ancestor of the Jasu Chiefs. Hardi Sah's son was named 
 Sobha Singh, and under his rule and that of his two successors the power 
 and extent of the State were diminished by frequent wars, and the setting-up 
 of independent chieftainships within its borders. The great-grandson of 
 Sobha Singh was named Kishor Singh, and he obtained a sanad from the 
 British Government in 1807. The late Maharaja rendered valuable services 
 during the Mutiny of 1857 ; in reward for which he obtained a handsome 
 khilaf, the privilege of adoption, and a personal salute of 13 guns. The 
 present Maharaja succeeded in 1870; and in 1876 was invested with the 
 insignia of a Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of 
 India by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. The area of the State is 
 2568 square miles; its population is 227,306, chiefly Hindus, but including 
 5989 Muhammadans and 16,690 belonging to various aboriginal tribes. It 
 is famous as producing the largest supply of diamonds of any district in India 
 in modern times. His Highness maintains a miUtary force of 165 cavalry, 
 1 157 infantry, 36 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 13 guns (including 2 
 guns personal). 
 
 Residence. — Panna, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 2 D 
 
402 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 PANNA LAL, MEHTA, C.I.E., Rai, His Excellency. 
 Prime Minister of Udaipur. 
 
 Born August 1843. The title of Rai was conferred on ist January 1S77, 
 as a personal distinction, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. The title of " His Excellency " is 
 the courtesy title of the Rai as Prime Minister of the State of Udaipur, 
 Rajputana. Belongs to a family that long occupied a position of influence 
 in Bikanir, Rajputana, and that first acquired the designation of " Mehta " 
 from an ancestor, Kuram Chand becoming, some centuries ago, Prime 
 Minister of the State of Bikanir. Kuram Chand, Mehta, also received a 
 jdgir and honours from the Emperor of Delhi. Towards the end of the 
 1 6th century a grandson of Kuram Chand, Mehta, moved to Udaipur, and 
 settled there; and his descendants, Agarji Mehta and Ilunsrajji Meiita, rose 
 to high office under the Maharana Ari Singhji in 176; a.d., receiving charge 
 of the fort and district of Mandalgarh in Mewar. Three of the descendants 
 of Agarji Mehta have been Prime Ministers of Udaipur before the present 
 Rai, namely, Devi Chand, Sher Singh, and Gokul Chand. The Mehta 
 Murali Dhar, father of the Rai, died in 1S86. The Rai was created a Com- 
 panion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire in 1887. In 1858 
 he married the daughter of Rai Chhagan Lai, and has issue, a son and heir, 
 Kunwar Fateh Lai Mehta, born 1868, and educated at the Ajmir College. 
 
 Residence. — Udaipur, R;ijputdna. 
 
 PANTH PIPLODA, NARAYAN RAO JANARDHAN, Chief of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Bom 1869; succeeded to the gadi in 1887. Belongs to a Deccan 
 Brahman family, and is a co-sharer in the Chiefship of this State with Pandit 
 Gopal Rao Narayan. The population of the State is 40S6, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Panth Piploda, Western Mdlwd, Central India. 
 
 PANTH PIPLODA, PANDIT GOPAL RAO NARAYAN, C/iie/ of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1838; succeeded to the gadi as a minor in 1S50. Belongs to a 
 Deccan Brahman family, and is a co-sharer in the Chiefship of this State 
 with Narayan Rao Janardhan. The population of the State is 4086, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Panth Piploda, Western Mdlwd, Central India. 
 
 PAP SINGH (of Hardoi), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 4th June 1S13. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Sengar 
 Rajput family (see Kaghbir Singh, Raja of Rura), claiming descent from 
 Sdran Deo, who obtained the title of Raja with thcy</»,7> of Sahao, about the 
 year 1095 a.d., and whose descendants are said to have remained in possession 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 403 
 
 until the Bundela invasion of the Maharajd Chhatar Sal. One of these, the 
 Raja Gokul Chand, obtained a jdgir from the Peshwa when the latter con- 
 quered Jalaun ; but on refusing to pay quit-rent he was ejected by Govind 
 Rao Pandit, who ultimately conferred on him the jdgir of Hardoi in Jalaun. 
 The Raja has a son and heir, Kunwar Nirand Singh. 
 Residence. — Hardoi, Jalaun, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 PARAN CHANDRA BOSE, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Has rendered good service as Honorary Magistrate of the Maniktaal 
 Municipal Bench in the Twenty-Parganas. Received the title as a personal 
 distinction, 25th May 1S92. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 PARAPANAD, Valiya Rdjd of. See Raja Raja Varma Raja, Rdjd. 
 
 PARBAL PARTAB SINGH (of Malhajini), RdJd. 
 
 Born 20th August 1867. The title is hereditary. The Raja is Chief of 
 the Parihar clan of Rajputs ; descended from Mahip Singh, who came from 
 Jagni near Mahoba, and settled in the district of Etawah about seventy-five 
 years ago. The Parihars are a small clan of Rajputs, occupying the lands 
 between the rivers Kudri and Chambal, which under the name Parihara 
 formed a portion of Sarkar Trichh in the time of the Emperor Akbar. They 
 were notorious for their lawless character, and for harbouring gangs of Thags 
 and Dakaits. Their great ancestor was Bilan Deo, from whom the seventh 
 in descent was Nahar Deo. On the defeat of Anang Pal of Delhi in the 
 nth century the Chief of the Parihars, Sumit Rai, fled to the wild region of 
 the Panchnadi and colonised it, giving it the name Parihara. Raja Mahipat 
 Singh, who died about 1S57, was succeeded by his son, Raja Bijai Singh, 
 who married a daughter of the Raja of Bhinga. He died in 1867, and was 
 succeeded by his son, the present Raja, then a minor, the estate being under 
 the Court of Wards till 1888. The Raja was educated at the Etawah High 
 School. He married the second daughter of the Raja Sheopal Singh (g.v.) 
 of Murarmau, in the Rai Bareli district of Oudh, the Chief of the Bais Tilok- 
 chandi clan. The title of Raja was recognised as hereditary in 1889. 
 
 Residence. — Malhajini, Etdwah, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 PARBHUDAS KISHANDAS MODI, Rao BaMdur. 
 
 Born 4th October 1831. The title was conferred on 26th June 1884, as 
 a personal distinction, for long and meritorious service in the Government 
 Service, in which he attained to the rank of Acting Assistant Accountant- 
 General of Bombay. He entered the Service in April 1851, and retired with 
 a good-service pension in April 1888, having greatly distinguished himself. 
 The Rao Bahadur has been thrice married — (i) in March 1848, to Jamnabai, 
 daughter of Kasidas Ramdas, Esq., of Surat ; she died in 1859: (2) in 
 
404 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 February 1865, to Jamnabai, daughter of Gaurdhandas Premanand, Esq., of 
 Baroda; she died in 1877 : (3) in March 1878, to Prankorbai, daughter of 
 Vitlialdas Farukhsiyardas, Esq., of Dharangaon, Khandesh. The Rao 
 Bahadur has adopted (in May 1886) a son, named Nagindas Parbhudas 
 Kishandas Modi, born in 18 78. The Rao Bahadur belongs to a Jadavbansi 
 Hallai Bhattia family, and was educated at Surat. He was appointed a 
 Justice of the Peace for Bombay in 1890. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 PARDUMAN SINGH (of Rdmgarh), Mian. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mi.in being the eldest son of Sardar Ranjit 
 Singh of Ramgarh in the Ambala district. Belongs to a Rajput family, 
 claiming immediate descent from the Rajas of Kahlur {q.v.) or Bilasi)ur. 
 Raja Singar Chand, Raj.i of Bilaspur, had two sons, the elder of whom, 
 Megh Chand, inherited his father's Raj, while the younger, Kakil Chand, was 
 the ancestor of the Rdmgarh Sarddrs. Tenth in descent from him was Surat 
 Singh, whose son, Khusal Singh, with three brothers, joined the Ndhan Raja 
 in making large conquests, out of which they were permitted to retain Rdm- 
 garh. The three brothers died without issue. Khusal Singh built a fort at 
 Ramgarh, and his two sons, the Sarddrs Maldeo Singh and Nardyan Dds 
 Singh, on his death divided his lands between them. One of the grandsons 
 of Sardar Maldeo Singh was Sarddr Ranjit Singh of Rdmgarh, who was a 
 jdgirddr Magistrate in the Ambdla district, and father of Midn Pardumdn 
 Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Rdmgarh, Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 PARIKUD, Rdjd of. See Gaur Chander. 
 
 PARON, RAJA GAJANDHAR SINGH, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born 1869; succeeded to the ;.^adi as a minor 31st December 1882. 
 Belongs to the illustrious family of the Chiefs of the great Kachhwaha clan of 
 Rajputs, from which springs the family of His Highness the Maharaja of 
 Jaipur ; claiming descent from the second son of the legendary Solar hero, 
 Rdma, and from the ancient Hindu Emperors of Ajudhya of the Siirjya 
 Vansa or Solar dynasty. According to the Rajput chronicles the seventy- 
 second in descent from Rama was the Rdjd Ndla, the hero of the famous 
 Sanskrit poem of A'dla and Ddmdydnti, who migrated westward (possibly in 
 the 3rd century), and founded the city of Nanvdr and the kingdom (re- 
 nowned in classical story) of Nishidha. One of the sons of Sora Singh, 
 Thdkur of Narwdr, thirty-third in descent from Rdjd Ndla, was Dhola Rai, 
 who became the founder of the great State of Dhundar in Rdjputdna, better 
 known as Jaipur. The Kachhwaha Thdkurs of Narwdr, however, with an ex- 
 perience probably unique in Indian history, seem to have continued in pos- 
 session of that place from the semi-legendary times of the Raja Ndla, through 
 all the vicissitudes of the Hindu, Patlidn, and Mughal periods of domination, 
 right down to the time of the Mahrattas. At the commencement of the 
 present century the Thdkur Madhu Singh, of the line of Ndla, was still in 
 possession of Narivdr, his family having held it during the lapse of at least 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 405 
 
 fifteen centuries. But at last Madhu Singh was driven out by Daulat Rao 
 Sindhia, and revenged himself by continually raiding and plundering in the 
 territory of Gwalior. In 181S Madhu Singh was taken under British protec- 
 tion, and granted the State of Paron as a feudatory of Gwalior, on condition 
 of protecting the Gwalior territory from robbers. In 1857 Madhu Singh's 
 successor, Raja Man Singh, at first joined the mutineers, but in 1859 he 
 surrendered, under promise of being amnestied. Subsequently he rendered 
 valuable service to the Government in connection with the capture of Tantia 
 Topi, and was granted an increase of territor}', with a pension. In 1883 
 Raja Man Singh died, and was succeeded by his son, the present Raja, then 
 a minor. The population of the State is 7328, chiefly Hindus; it contains 
 about thirty-four villages, of which the town of Paron is the chief. 
 Residence. — Paron, Guna, Central India. 
 
 PARTAB. See Pratap. 
 
 PARTAB BAHADUR SINGH (of Katari), Rdjd. 
 
 Born loth March 1S74. The title is hereditary, having been so recog- 
 nised in 1864. Belongs to the important Kanhpuria family of Rajputs, of 
 whom the Raja Surpal Singh Bahadur {(j.v.) is the chief. The great ancestor 
 of the Kanhpurias was Kanh, from whose second son, Rahas, was descended 
 Balbhaddar Singh, the progenitor of the Rajas of Katari. The late Raja 
 Sarnam Singh died childless in February 1869, leaving the estate to his widow. 
 Rani Harnath Kunw.-ir, for life, with power to nominate an heir. She died on 
 5th May 1886, having left the estate to the present Raja, who was one of 
 the nearest male relatives of Raja Sarnam Singh, being a descendant of 
 Barwand Singh, Raja Sarnam Singh's uncle. 
 
 Residence. — Katari, Sult.inpur, Oudh. 
 
 PARTAB BAHADUR SINGH (of Tiraul), Rdjd. 
 
 Succeeded to the title in 1889. The title was conferred on ist January 
 1877, as a personal distinction, on the present Raja's grandfather, the late 
 Raja Ajit Singh of Tiraul, in recognition of his signal services during the 
 Mutiny of 1859; and in 1888 the personal title was ordered to be for two 
 generations, i.e. for the Raja Ajit Singh and his successor. Belongs to the 
 very ancient Sombansi Rajput family of the old Rajas of Partabgarh, being 
 descended from Sujan Sah, a younger son of the Raja Sangram Sah of Partab- 
 garh. During the Mutiny of 1857, when the Raja Gulab Singh of Tiraul 
 refused to receive the fugitives from Sultanpur, his nephew, Ajit Singh, then 
 of Mallupur, took them into his fort, protected them for many days, and 
 then escorted them himself, with as many followers as he could command, to 
 Allahabad. For this his house and property were sacked by the rebels, and 
 he had to flee from Oudh. He continued loyally to render good services 
 throughout the period of the disturbances, and at the restoration of order 
 received all the Tiraul estates, with a khilat, and ultimately with the title of 
 Raja. He was an Honorary Magistrate, and had the powers of an Assistant 
 Collector. He died in 1889, and was succeeded (under the orders of 1888) 
 by his grandson, the present Raja. 
 
 Residence. — Tiraul, Pavtdbgarh, Oudh. 
 
] 
 
 4o6 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 PARTAB BAHADUR SINGH (of KurwAr), AijJ. 
 
 Born 31st August 1S76. The title is hereditary, having been so recog- 
 nised in December 1864. The Raja is the chief representative of the great 
 Hindu Bachgoti sept of the illustrious Chauhan clan of Rajputs, claiming 
 descent from Chahir Deo, brother of the renowned Prithvi Raj, last Chauhan 
 Emperor of Delhi and Ajmir. His descendant, Bariar Singh, fled from the 
 wrath of the Emperor Ala-ud-din Khilji, and, wandering eastward, settled in 
 the Sultanpur district. He married the daughter of Raja Rara Deo, the 
 Bilkharia Raja of Patti, and ultimately ousting his brother-in-law, seized the 
 estate and the famous fort of Kot Bilkhar. He was succeeded at Kot 
 Bilkhar by his youngest son. Raj Singh, who had three sons, of whom the 
 second, Rup Singh, became the ancestor of the Hindu Bachgoti Rajas of 
 Kurwar and of the Musalman Bachgoti Rrijas of Hasanpur {see Muhammad 
 Ali Khan, Raja of Hasanpur). The late Rdjd. Madho Pratdb Singh of Kur- 
 wdr died without heirs, and left the estate to his widow, Rdni Kishnath 
 Kunwdr. She adopted the present Rdjd, and left him the estate on her 
 death in June 18S5. He is a minor, the estate being under the Court of 
 Wards, and is being educated at the Wards' College, Agra. 
 
 Residiiicc. — Sultdnpur, Oudh. 
 
 PARTAB CHAND, Hai Bahadur. 
 
 Is an eminent Banker of Allahabad. Received the title as a personal 
 distinction on 25th May 1892. 
 
 Residence. — Allahabad, North-Western Pro\inces. 
 
 PARTAB NARAYAN SINGH (of Mahdauna), T/u Hon. Rdjd, 
 lilahdrdjd Baliddur. 
 
 Born 13th July 1855. The first title (Rdjd) is hereditary, the second 
 (.Mahdrdjd) is personal, and was conferred on i6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. The 
 Mahdrdjd is the grandson and successor of the famous Mahdrdjd Mdn Singh 
 of Mahdauna, one of the most prominent of the Oudh Tdlukddrs during the 
 Mutiny of 1857. Belongs to a Sankaldip (or Ceylon) Brahman family, 
 whose founder, Saddsukh Pdthak, was Chaudhri of Bhojpur. His great- 
 grandson, Bakhtdwar Singh, commenced life as a trooper in the 8th Light 
 Cavalry. He attracted, when on leave at Lucknow, the notice of the Nawdh 
 Saddat Ali Khdn, who obtained his discharge, and appointed him a jamaddi . 
 and afterwards a risa/ddr. He was still further advanced by the succeeding 
 Kings of Oudh, and a./armd>i of King Muhammad .Mi Shdh conferred upon 
 him the Raj of .Mahdauna, with the title of Rdjd and the rank of premier 
 Rdjd in Oudh. He was the King's Muhtamin, or Quartermaster-Cieneral of 
 the Resident's camj), and in 1S49 accompanied Sir William Sleeman on his 
 memorable tour through Oudh. Rdjd Bakhtdwar Singh's younger brother, 
 Darshan Singh, was in 1827 appointed Ndzim of Sultanpur and Faizabad, 
 with the titles of Rdjd Bahddur and Saltanat Bahddur. Darshan Singh died 
 in 1844, and in 1S45 his youngest son, the late Mahdrdjd Mdn Singh 
 (mentioned above, the grandfather of the present Mahdrdjd), was ajipointed 
 N.dzim of Daryabad, Rudauli, and Sultdnpur. He obtained from tlie King 
 of Oudh the title of Raja Bahadur for capturing a revenue defaulter of 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 407 
 
 Surajpur, and that of Saltanat Bahadur for arresting a notorious bandit. 
 Sleeman narrates at length how Raja Man Singh " removed " Harpal Singh, 
 Gargbansi of iVIaniarpur, for which feat he was known as Kaim Jang ("Stead- 
 fast in war"). In 1855 Raja Bakhtawar Singh died childless, leaving his 
 large estates to his nephew and adopted son, Raja Mdn Singh. After the 
 annexation Raja Man Singh was deprived of his estate as a defaulter in the 
 payment of the revenue. During the Mutiny he saved the lives of a very 
 large number of European refugees, and though at first for a time he took 
 part with the rebels, he subsequently strenuously assisted the Government in 
 the suppression of the Mutiny and the restoration of order. For these 
 services he obtained the title of Maharaja Bahadur, and the grant of the ex- 
 tensive confiscated estates of the Raja of Gonda. In 1869 he was created a 
 Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, and died 
 in his fiftieth year, on nth October 1870, and was succeeded by his widow, 
 the Maharani Sobhao Kunwdr. In 1875 '^^ Maharani appointed another 
 heir, but, after much litigation, the Privy Council decided in favour of the 
 succession of the present Maharaja, who is the son of Narsingh Narayan 
 Singh of Ajudhya by a daughter of the late Maharaja. He ranks third 
 among the Barons of Oudh, and at present enjoys the title of Honourable, as 
 a Member of the Legislative Council of the North- Western Provinces and 
 Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Shahganj, Faizabad, Oudh. 
 
 PARTAB SINGH (of Ghanauli), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Sardar, with his brother Sarddr Uttam Singh 
 of Ghanauli, being representative of one branch of the family of Sikh Sarddrs 
 descended from Sarddr Khushal Singh, who seized the town of Jdlandhar, 
 and conquered Ghanauli and other territories in the Cis-Sutlej States in 
 1756 A.D. He was succeeded by his two sons, the Sarddrs Budh Singh and 
 Sudh Singh, of whom the latter died childless, and the former had six sons, 
 whose sons are at present the Sarddrs of Ghanauli, Manauli, Bhunga, and 
 Kardaula. Sardar Partab Singh of Ghanauli is a son of the late Sarddr 
 Bhopdl Singh, who was the second son of Sarddr Budh Singh. The family 
 lost their Trans-Sutlej possessions to the Mahdrdjd Ranjit Singh ; for their 
 Cis-Sutlej possession they came under British control with the other Cis- 
 Sutlej Chiefs. They rendered valuable services during the Mutiny of 1857, 
 and received as a reward large remissions of the commutation tax. 
 
 Residence. — Ghanauli, Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 PARTAB SINGH (of Manak Majra), Sarddr. 
 
 Bom 1850. The title is hereditary. The Sarddr belongs to a Jat family 
 of Sikh Sarddrs, descended from Sardar Ram Singh, who acquired the terri- 
 tory of Buner and other lands by conquest in 175 i a.d. His son was the 
 Sarddr Ranjit Singh, two of whose grandsons were the late Sardar Basawa 
 Singh and the Sardar Bhagwan Singh {q.v^ Sardar Basawa Singh's two sons 
 are the Sarddr Partab Singh of Manak Majra, and his younger brother Sarddr 
 Nardyan Singh. The family has rendered good service to the British Govern- 
 ment during the Gurkha Campaign, the first Sikh war, and the Mutiny of 
 
 1857- 
 
 Residence. — Manak Majra, Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
4o8 THE GOLDEN BOOK OK INDIA 
 
 PARTAB SINGH (of Mianpur), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1846. The title is hereditary, the Sarddr being the representative 
 of a Kshatriya family of Fatehabad and Verowal on the Bias, descended from 
 Lala Jaswant Rai. His grandson, Sardar Gurdit Singh, acquired Mianpur 
 by conquest in the last century, and, dying in 1791 a.d., was succeeded by 
 his son, Sarddr Ddl Singh. The eldest son of the latter was Sardar Diwdn 
 Singh, father of Sarddr Partdb Singh ; whilst the descendants of the second 
 son, Sarddr Ram Singh, hold jdi^rs in Una territory, Hoshiarpur district ; 
 and the third son, Sardar Kharak Singh, died without issue. Sardar Diwdn 
 Singh rendered good ser\ice in the war of 1845-46, and was himself present 
 at the battle of Firuzshahr, as well as during the Mutiny of iSyy, for which 
 services the family received permanent benefits in the way of remissions of 
 commutation tax. Sardar Partdb Singh has a son and heir, Sardar Shamsher 
 Singh. 
 
 Residence.— Midnpur, Ambdia, Punjab. 
 
 PARTAB SINGH (of Dhandwal), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1820. The title is hereditary. The Sardar is brother of Sardar 
 Pan jab Singh of Dhandwal {q.v.) ; belongs to a Jat family of Sikhs, whose 
 founder, Sarddr Mdn Singh, conquered territory on both sides of the Sutlej 
 in the year 1759 a.d. His son, Sarddr Joga Singh, was succeeded in turn 
 by his son, Sardar Chanda Singh, the father of the Sardars Partdb Singh, 
 Chet Singh, Panjdb Singh, and Sher Singh {q.v.) 
 
 Residence. — Dhandwal, Hoshidrpur, Punjab. 
 
 PARTAB SINGH (of Alawdlpur), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sardar is the brother of Sardar Ajit Singh 
 {q.v.) Belongs to a Bais Jat family, descended from Chaudhri Guldb Rai, 
 who was the Chaudhri of the Maloha i/d/;a in the Ndbha State. His son, 
 Sarddr Himmat Singh, first distinguished himself in the sen-ice of the 
 Phulkian Chiefs, from whom he received grants of land. In iSoS a.d. he 
 was appointed Agent of the Ndbha State, to attend on the Maharaja Ranjit 
 Singh of Lahore, and in 181 2 a.d. entered the latter's service, in which he 
 soon rose to the greatest eminence, obtaining from time to time extensive 
 jdgirs, including that of the Alawdlpur ildka. Sardar Himmat was present at 
 the conquest of Multan. His elder son, Sarddr Albcl Singh, obtained a 
 large jdgir on the reduction of Nalkhera. He was wounded in the Tiri 
 campaign, and died in 1S22, in the lifetime of his father. Sarddr Himmat 
 Singh died in 1826, and the Mahardjd resumed most of \\\s jdgirs, except 
 the Alawdl])ur and Dhogri ildkas, which he divided equally between Sarddr 
 Achal Singh (son of the deceased Sarddr Albel Singh) and Sarddr Kishan 
 Singh, the younger son of Himmat Singh. The son of Sarddr Kishan Singh, 
 S.ard.ir liasdwa Singh, died without issue. Sardar Achal Singh joined Sarddr 
 Ranjodh Singh of Majithia against the British in the first Sikh war, but sub- 
 sequently rendered good service. He died in 1S57, andwas succeeded by 
 his two sons, Sarddr Ajit Singh {q.v) and the Sardar Partdb Singh of Ala- 
 wdlpur. Sarddr Partdb Singh has a son and heir. Bhagwdn Singh. 
 
 Residence. — .Alaw.ilpur, J.ilanilhnr District, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 409 
 
 PARTAB SINGH (of Botdla), Sardur. 
 
 Born 1827. The title is hereditary, the Sardar being one of the repre- 
 sentatives of the important Kshatriya (Sikh) family of Botala, descended from 
 Dhanna Singh, who was an associate of Sardar Jodh Singh, great-grandfather 
 of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and after Jodh Singh's death served under his 
 son, Sardar Charat Singh. His sons followed the fortunes of the ancestors 
 of Ranjit Singh, and his grandson, Sardar Dharam Singh, was the grandfather 
 of Sardar Partab Singh of Botala. Sardar Dharam Singh's son was Sardar 
 Ganda Singh, who was in attendance on the Maharaja Sher Singh when that 
 prince was assassinated, and was severely wounded in the endeavour to 
 defend him. He was killed at the battle of Firuzshahr, where his son Sardar 
 Kirpal Singh (one of the younger brothers of Sardar Partab Singh) was 
 wounded. The Sardar Clanda Singh was succeeded by his four sons — Sardar 
 Partab Singh being the eldest, Sardar Dayal Singh {<j-v.), Sardar Kirpal Singh 
 of Kunjahia {q.v.), and Sardar Joala Singh (q.v.) The Sardar Partab Singh 
 of Botala has a son and heir, named Godham Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Botdla, Gujranwdla, Punjab. 
 
 PARTAB SINGH (of Rania), Sardar. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Punjab. 
 
 PARTABGARH, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAWAT RAGHUNATH 
 SINGH BAHADUR, Mahdrdnuit of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S57 ; succeeded to the ^(Ji/? i8th February 1890. Belongs to a 
 family that is a junior branch of that of " the Sun of the Hindus," the Maha- 
 rana of Udaipur, and is consequently one of the Chiefs of the illustrious 
 Sesodia clan of the Rajputs. In 1561 a.d., when Udai Singh, the future 
 founder of Udaipur, was Rand — and just seven years before the terrible sack 
 of Chitor, the ancient capital of the Sesodias, by the great Mughal Akbar, 
 drove Udai Singh to the jungles, whence he subsequently issued to build 
 Udaipur — the Rawat Bhikaji, a scion of the Royal house of the Sesodias, 
 founded the State of Partabgarh, with its capital at Deolia. With the other 
 States of Rajputana, Partabgarh was reduced, during the subsequent cam- 
 paigns of the Mughal Emperors, to submission to Delhi ; and in the reign of 
 the Emperor Shah Jahan the Rawat received from that monarch the title of 
 Maharawat, which his descendants retain. The present town of Partabgarh 
 was built by the Maharawat Partab Singh, and called after his name, about 
 the beginning of the i8th century; it is distant about eight miles east of the 
 ancient capital of Deolia. On the establishment of the Mahratta power in 
 Mahva the Maharawats became tributary to Holkar, and the Chief of Indore 
 still receives that tribute, which is now paid through the British C^overnment. 
 Partabgarh passed under British control in 181 8. In 1S44 the Maharawat 
 died, and was succeeded by his grandson, Dalpat Singh, who had become 
 Maharawal of Dungarpur by adoption, but who resigned Dungarpur on his 
 succession to Partabgarh. Dalpat Singh died in 1864, and was succeeded 
 by his son, the late Maharawat Udai Singh. He was followed by the 
 
410 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 present Maharawat in 1890. The area of the State is 1460 square miles; 
 and its population is 79,568, chiefly Hindus, but including 24,229 Bhils 
 (aboriginal tribe) and 4243 Muhammadans. His Highness, with his chief 
 feudatories, maintains a military force of 327 cavalry, 454 infantry, and 4 
 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 1 5 guns. 
 Residence. — Partibgarh, R.-ijput;ina. 
 
 PARTAPNER, Rdjd of. See Mokham Singh. 
 
 PARUMAL KHUBCHAND, DIWAN, Rao Bahadur. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist Januar)' 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Kar.lchi, Sind. 
 
 PARVATI BAI, Her Highness the Rdni. 
 
 Born 1850. Is the sister of His Highness the Maharaja of Travancore 
 {q.v.) The Government of India has recognised the Rani's right to bear the 
 title of " Her Highness," and she is also styled " The Junior Rani of Travan- 
 core." 
 
 Residence. — Trivandrum, Travancore, Southern India. 
 
 PARVATI SHANKAR MANISHANKAR DAVE, Rao Batuidur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on i 6th February 1887, on the 
 occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Surat, Bombay. 
 
 PASHUPAT SARAN SINHA, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 2nd January 18S8. 
 Residence. — The Residency, Kh^tmandu, Ncp.^1. 
 
 PATAUDI, NAWAB MUHAMMAD MUMTAZ HUSAIN ALI 
 
 KHAN BAHADUR, .\\!:.\i/> of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1874; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 30th March 1878. 
 Belongs to an Afghan (Muhammadan) family, descended from Faiz Talab 
 Khdn, younger brother of Nijabat Ali Khdn, Nawdb of Jhajjar. Faiz Talab 
 Khdn was severely wounded in an action with Holkar's troops ; and for his 
 services was granted the State of Pataudi, with the title of Nawdb, in 1806. 
 He died in 1S20, and was succeeded by the Nawab Akbar Ali Khdn; and 
 the latter was in his turn succeeded by his son, Muhammad Ali Taki Khan, 
 on 3rd March 1862. The latter died in the same year, and was succeeded 
 by the late Nawab Muhammad Mukhtdr Husain Khdn, his son, then a 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 411 
 
 minor. He died in 187S, and was succeeded by the present Nawab, also as 
 a minor. The area of the State is 53 square miles ; its population is 17,847, 
 chiefly Hindus, but including 32S6 Muhammadans. The Nawab maintains 
 a military force of 25 cavalry, 59 infantry, and 6 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Pataudi, Punjab. 
 
 PATHARI, NAWAB MUHAMMAD ABDUL KARIM KHAN, 
 
 A'cnvdb of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1850 ; succeeded to the gad/ 19th October 1861. Belongs to a 
 Pathan (Muhammadan) family, being descended from the younger son of the 
 famous Dost Muhammad, the founder of the State of Bhopal (see Bhopal, 
 Her Highness the Begam of). The area of the State is 26 square miles ; its 
 population 6393, chiefly Hindus, but including 965 Muhammadans. In 
 1807 Nawab Haidar Muhammad Khan, father of the present Nawab, was 
 dispossessed of his estate in Rahatgarh ; but ultimately, on the mediation of 
 the British Government, he obtained the territory of Pathari. The Nawab 
 has a son and heir, the Mian Muhammad Abdul Rahim Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Pathdri, Bhopdl, Central India. 
 
 PATHARIA, THAKUR RAGHUNATH SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 183S; succeeded to the gadi 5th May 1884. The State is a 
 feudatory of Indore, and is included within that territory. 
 Residence. — Pathi4ria, Indore, Central India. 
 
 RATI RAM, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 20th July 1887. 
 Residence. — Bengal. 
 
412 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 PATIALA, His Highness the Mahdrdjd Bahddur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 25th May 1872; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 14th April 
 1876. The Maharaja's full title is — His Highness Farzand-i-Khas-i-Daulat- 
 
 i-Inglishia Mansur-i-2^man, Amir- 
 ul-Umara, Mahiraj-Adhiraj Rajesh- 
 war Sri Maharajd-i-Rdjagdn Rajendra 
 Singh Mahendra Bahadur. Belongs 
 to the renowned Phulkian family of 
 the Sidhu Jat clan of Sikhs; so called 
 from their ancestor Phul, from whom 
 descend also the Chiefs of Jind, 
 Nabha, and Bhadaur. Their great 
 ancestor was the Rdjput Chief Jaisal, 
 the founder of Jaisalmir {q.v.); whose 
 descendant in the twenty-ninth gen- 
 eration was Phul. His second son 
 Rama was the fonder of the Patiala 
 House ; whose son, Raja Ala Singh, 
 built the city of Patiala, and was granted the title of Rdjd by Ahmad Shdh 
 Durdni in March 1762. The title was continued to his son Amar 
 Singh, with additional honour as Rdja-i-Rdjagan Bahddur in 1767, and a flag 
 and drum were given to him as symbols of his sovereign power. The title 
 of Mahdrdjd was bestowed on the Patiala Chief in 1810 by the Emperor 
 Akbar \\. of Delhi, on the recommendation of General Ochterlony. During 
 the Nepdl war he aided the Government, and at its close was rewarded 
 with parts of the Keonthal and Baghat States. In 1830 the sanitarium and 
 territory of Simla were obtained from him in exchange for lands in Barauli. 
 In the Sutlej campaigns of 1845-46 the Mahdrdjd rendered good service 
 against the Lahore army ; and was rewarded with a part of the territory 
 confiscated from the Rdjd of Nabha. During the Mutiny of 1857 the 
 Mahdrdjd Narindar Singh aided the Government by sending an auxiliary force 
 to Delhi, kept open communications on the Grand Trunk Road, sent troops 
 to Gwalior and Dholpur, and afforded other valuable aid. In recognition of 
 these services the Mahdrdjd received further large extensions of territory, 
 with additions to his titles and powers. The Mahdrdjd Mahindar Singh, son 
 of Narindar Singh, died at the age of twenty-three in 1876, and was 
 succeeded by his son the present Mahdrdjd, then a minor. The area of the 
 State is 5419 square miles; its population is 1,467,433, chiefly Hindus, but 
 including 408,141 Sikhs and 321,354 Muhammadans. The Mahdrdjd 
 maintains a military force of 2423 cavalry, 4147 infantry, and 109 guns; 
 and is entitled to a salute of i 7 guns. 
 
 Arms. — F.rmitu\ a t.irgct sable, bossed 0)\ in chief saltircwise two daggers, 
 gttles hiked of the third, in base a sword of like tincture and a musket proper, in 
 saltirc. Orost. — An elephant. Supporters. — A lion and a bay horse, each 
 cnsig^ned with an annulet argent. Motto. — J'hu/arka Kirana Prablta. 
 
 Residence. — Patidla, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 413 
 
 PATNA, MAHARAJA RAM CHANDRA SINGH, Mahdrdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1870; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 25th November 1878. 
 
 Belongs to a family of the illustrious Chauhan clan of Rajputs {see Mainpuri, 
 Raja of, and Rajaur, Raja of) that has been settled 
 as rulers in the Sambalpur district of the Central 
 Provinces from a remote antiquity. The present 
 Maharaja is the thirtieth in direct descent from the 
 founder of the Raj ; who, according to the traditions 
 of the family, came here from Sambalgarh in the 
 Mainpuri district of the North-Western Provinces, 
 probably at the time of the earliest Muhammadan 
 invasions. Tradition also connects the family, 
 whose claim to the hereditary title of Raja seems 
 always to have been undisputed, with the Hai Hai 
 Bansi House of the Ratanpur Rajputs. The late 
 Maharaja, Sur Partab Deo, came to the gadi in 
 1866 ; and dying twelve years later, was succeeded 
 by his nephew, the present Maharaja, then a 
 
 minor, in 1S78. The family device or cognisance is the famous Chauhan 
 
 Satitak. The area of the State is 2399 square miles; its population is 
 
 257,959, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Patna, Sambalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 The Santak of the Chauhan 
 Rajputs, called Citakra, used 
 in the seal and for signature. 
 
 (A circle w-ith four Trisuias or 
 Tridents as radii at the car- 
 dinal points.) 
 
 PATRI, DESAI SURAJMALJI ZORAWARSINGHJI, Desai of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 Born 1847; succeeded to the gadi loth July 1884. Belongs to a 
 Kanbi (Hindu) family. The late Desai Himmatsinghji died in 1884, and 
 was succeeded by his son, the present Desai. 
 Residence. — Patri, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 PE, MAUNG, Ahmudan gaung Tazeik-ya Min. 
 
 The tide is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1889. It is 
 indicated by the letters A.T.M. after the name, and means "Recipient of 
 the Medal for Good Service." 
 
 Residence. — Myadaung, Burma. 
 
 PEARY MOHUN MOOKERJI, C.S.I., Rdjd. 
 See Piari Mohan Mukharji, C.S.I., Jidjd. 
 
 PESHOTAM BEHRAMJI SANJANA, DASTUR, DR., 
 Shams-Ill- Ulama. 
 Born 14th September 1829. This title is personal, and was conferred 
 I St January 1889, for eminence in oriental learning. 
 
 It entitles him to take 
 
414 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 rank in Darbdr immediately after titular Nawabs. He succeeded his father, the 
 late Dastur Behramji, in 1854, when he assumed the title of High Priest of 
 the Parsi community in Bombay. Is a Fellow of the University of Bombay, 
 1866; M.A. and Ph.D. of the Tiibingen University, 1886; Principal and 
 Professor of Pahlavi and Zend in the Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy Oriental 
 College {Zartoshti .\[adrasah\ Bombay, since 1863 ; Head High Priest of the 
 great Wadia Fire Temple, 1854 ; has published an elaborate grammar of the 
 Pahlavi language, 1871, and an edition of the Pahlavi Dinkard, in six volumes, 
 1874-92. Married, in 1843, Kuvarbai, daughter of Manikji Jamshedji, Esq., 
 and has issue, two sons — Eduljee, born 1st June 1852 ; and Darabjee, born 
 8th November 1858, Justice of the Peace, a Graduate and Fellow of the 
 University of Bombay, married (1S85) Kuvarbdi Rustomjee Padshah. 
 Residence. — Wadia Fire Temple, Bombay. 
 
 PESTANJI HORMASJI CAMA, CLE. 
 
 A respected member of the Parsi community of Bombay ; was created a 
 Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, ist Januarj' 
 1887. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 PESTANJI JEHANGIR, C.I.E., Khan Baluidur. 
 
 Born July 1831. The title was conferred on ist January 1877, as ^ 
 personal distinction, with a Medal of Honour, on the occasion of the 
 Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. Belongs 
 to a Parsi family that received, in the early part of the last century, the titles 
 of Nekshaiil Khan and Tahyar Khan, with jagirs in the Surat district, from 
 the Mughal Emperors of Delhi. Sir John ^lalcolm, in a Minute dated 1829, 
 speaks of the family as " Khdns of the Empire " ; and it is said that 
 several of its members rendered good service to the British Government, one 
 of them having been killed in its service in the battle of Bodhan near Surat 
 in the early part of the present century. Rendered honourable service to 
 Government in various capacities for thirty-si.x years ; and on i st January 1 882 
 was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 PETHAPUR, THAKUR GAMBHIRSINGHJI, HIMATSINGHJI, 
 
 Tluikur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1874; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 13th January 1879. 
 Belongs to a Waghcia Rajput family, descended from Tirathsinghji, one of the 
 sons of the last Hindu Ring of Anhilwdra I'atan, who obtained the territory 
 of Pethapur in 1445 A.n. The late Thakur Himatsinghji Bhavdnsinghji 
 succeeded to the gadi 28th September 1861 ; and dying in 1879, was 
 succeeded by his son, the present Thdkur. The State, which is tributarj' to 
 Baroda, has an area of 54 square miles; and a population of 70S1, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 RcsiiUnce. — Pethapur, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 41S 
 
 PETIT, SIR DINSHAW MANOCKJEE, Baromt and Knight 
 
 Bachelor. 
 
 Born 30th June 1S23; granted the honour of Knighthood in 1887, and 
 created a Baronet in 1890. Belongs to a Parsi family, descended from 
 
 Nusserwanjee Cowasjee Petit of Surat, who 
 moved from Surat to Bombay. Mr. Nus- 
 serwanjee Cowasjee Petit was born at Surat 
 in 1770; married Bhikaji, daughter of Framji 
 Jogajee Patvana. His son, Manockjee Nus- 
 serwanjee Petit, born 26th August 1803, 
 succeeded him on his death, 20th December 
 1820. He became a merchant in Bom- 
 bay ; married Humabai Jejeebhoy Dadabhoy 
 INIoogana ; and died 21st May 1859, leaving 
 two sons, the present Baronet and his younger 
 brother, Nusserwanjee Manockjee Petit, Esq. 
 Sir Dinshaw Petit was Sheriff of Bombay in 
 1887, sr>d has been a Member of the Parsi 
 Panchayat of Bombay since 1862. Served 
 as a Member of the Legislative Council of 
 Bombay from 18S8 to 1889. He married, in 1837, Sakerbai Framjee (who 
 died in 1890), daughter of Framjee Bhikaji Panday, Esq., of Bombay; and 
 has issue, three sons and eight daughters. The Baronetcy was granted, 
 with special remainder, first, to Framjee Dinshaw Petit, second son of the 
 first Baronet, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten ; and secondly, 
 to the heirs male of the body of the first Baronet. Sir Dinshaw has long 
 been renowned throughout Western India for his munificence. He has 
 devoted his great wealth very largely to the service of his country, and to 
 the good of his fellow-countrymen of all classes and nationalities. He is a 
 great cotton mill-owner ; and has been the pioneer of that industry in India, 
 as the following account of his commercial career, taken from a leading 
 Bombay journal, will show : — 
 
 " It was during his father's lifetime, and while they were in partnership, that 
 Mr. Dinshaw conceived the happy idea of identifying himself with mill industry — 
 an idea which he has since worked out with conspicuous ability and such brilliant 
 results. The successful working of Mr. Cowasjee Nanabhoy Davur's mill, which 
 confined itself to the spinning of yams, could not escape Mr. Dinshaw's vigilant 
 eye, and, in 1855, he erected, in conjunction with his father, Mr. Manockjee 
 Petit, the Oriental Spinning and Weaving Mill, which had the advantage over Mr. 
 Davur's mill of weaving cloth in addition to spinning yam. This venture was 
 such an immense success that in i860 Mr. Dinshaw was induced to erect another 
 mill and named it the Manockjee Petit Spinning and Weaving Mill, in memory 
 of his father, who had died in the previous year. The investment proved to be 
 so profitable that several cotton mills were started by Mr. Dinshaw, one after 
 another, in rapid succession, and he is at the present moment the largest share- 
 holder in the six cotton mills, viz. the Manockjee Petit Mill, the Dinshaw Petit 
 Mill, the Mazagon Mill, the Victoria Mill, the Framjee Petit Mill, and the Gordon 
 Mills. Besides spinning and weaving, Mr. Dinshaw has also directed his 
 attention to the manufacture of thread, hosiery, and fancy goods, and is the 
 proprietor of an establishment at Mahim for dyeing yarns. There are at the 
 present day many cotton mills working in Bombay, but they have all sprung up 
 
4i6 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 after the success of Sir Dinshaw's first venture, and he may therefore justly be 
 regarded as the initiator and leader of an industry which has done so much 
 towards improving the commercial position and prospects of the city." 
 
 Sir Dinshaw has had three sons : — 
 
 (i) Cowasjee Dinshaw Petit, born in Bombay, 6th June 1845; married, in 
 Bombay, Awalaai Merwanjee Jejeebhoy Moogana, 17th February 1859 ; died in 
 Bombay, 23rd October 1 878, leaving issue — (a) Manockjee and Merwanjee 
 Cowasjee (twins), born in Bombay i8th July 1S63 ; Merwanjee died in Bombay, 
 9th June 1879 ; Manockjee survives, and married, 28th February 1872, Gulbai 
 Sorabjee Jamsetjee. (i) Pestonjee Cowasjee Petit, born in Bombay, loth 
 September 1 866. (c) Hormusjee Cowasjee Petit, bom in Bombay, 1 1 th 
 November 1868; married Perozebai Sorabjee Patuck, 12th April 1S91. (</) 
 Mecthibai Cowasjee Petit, born in Bombay, i8th March 1870; married, 26th 
 December 1883, Merwanjee Dhunjeebhoy Jejeebhoy Moogana. (<r) Cursetjee 
 Cowasjee Petit, born in Bombay, 29th June 1871. (/) Virbaijee Cowasjee Petit, 
 born in Bombay, 23rd December 1872 ; married, i ith December 18S3, Nusscr- 
 wanjee Muncherjee Hormusjee Cama. (^) Ardesir Cowasjee Petit, born in 
 Bombay, 2Sth May 1874, died in Bombay, 22nd October 1886. (//) Soonabai 
 Cowasjee Petit, born in Bombay, 15th August 1875. {{) Sorabjee Cowasjee 
 Petit, born in Bombay, 9th April 1877. (J) Furdoonjee Cowasjee Petit, born in 
 Bombay, 29th October 1878. (2) Framjee Dinshaw Petit, born in] Bombay, 
 19th January 1848; married, 17th February 1859, Awabai Nusserwanjec 
 Manockjee Petit, has issue — (<j) Jejeebhoy Framjee Petit, born in Bombay, 7th 
 June 1873. (*) Humabai Framjee Petit, bom in Bombay, 12th August 1882. 
 (3) Bomonjee Dinshaw Petit, born in Bombay, 27th March 1859; married, 25th 
 Februar>' 1872, Gulbai Nanabhoy B. Jejeebhoy Moogana; and has issue — {a) 
 Jehangir Bomonjee Petit, born in Bombay, 21st August 1879. (6) Dhunjeebhoy 
 Bomonjee Petit, born in Bombay, 12th September 1881. (c) Dinbai Bomonjee 
 Petit, born in Bombay, 27th September 1882. (if) Peroshaw Bomonjee Petit, 
 bom in Bombay, 13th November 1884. [c) Manockbai Bomonjee Petit, bom in 
 Bombay, nth November 1887. 
 
 Sir Dinshaw lias also had eight daughters : — 
 
 (4) Bhikhaijce Dinshaw Petit, born in Bombay, 29th Septeinber 1844 ; 
 married, iith February 1857, Dady Nusscrwanjee Dadysett, and has issue. (5) 
 Navajbai Dinshaw Petit, born in Bombay, 6th June 1849; married, 17th 
 February 1859, Peroshaw Merwanjee Jejeebhoy Moogana, (6) Rattanbhai 
 Dinshaw Petit, born in Bombay, 19th November 1854 ; married, i ith May 1S67, 
 Framjee Dorabjee Panday ; died in Bombay, 5th November 1885, leaving issue. 
 (7) Hamabai Dinshaw Petit, born in Bombay, 3rd May 1856 ; married, nth May 
 1867, Framjee Rustomjee Cama, has issue. (8) Heerabai Dinshaw Petit, bom 
 in Bombay, 19th October 1857; married, iith Februar>' 1870, Jamsetjee Nusser- 
 wanjec Petit, who died 18th March 1888. (9) Manockbai Dinshaw Petit, bom 
 in Bombay, 1 ith October 1S60 ; married, 28th August 1879, Peroshaw Bomonjee 
 Jejeebhoy Moogana. (10) Buchoobai Dinshaw Petit, born in Bombay, iith 
 October 1S62 ; married, 9tli October 1876, Merwanjee Sorabjee Jamsetjee. (11) 
 Gulbai Dinshaw Petit, bom in Bombay, 16th November 1865; married, 5th 
 .March 1872, Rustomjee Nanabhoy Beramjee Moogana ; died in Bombay, i8ih 
 June 1878. 
 
 The family axms are — Az., on a chevron arg., between three urns of the last, 
 therefrom issuant tlanies proper, as many bees volant, also proper. Oreet. — A 
 ship under sail at sea, in front thereof an anchor fessewise, all proper. Motto. — 
 Consi-qiiilur quodiumjuc I'ltil. 
 
 Kcsiilciia: — Petit Hill, .Malabar Hill, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 417 
 
 PHALTAN, MADHOJI RAO JANRAO NAIK NIMBALKAR, 
 
 Deshiniikh and A'aik Ki»ilhilkar of. 
 
 xV Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 5th November i S38 ; succeeded to \\\t.gadi as a minor 7th December 
 1S41, and installed as ruler 26th March i860. Belongs to a very ancient 
 Mahratta (Hindu) family, descended from Jagdro Rao alias Nimbraj, who 
 held Phaltan under the Muhammadan Kings of Bijapur ; from whom the 
 present Deshmukh and Naik Nimbalkar is twenty-second in descent The 
 latter title was derived from the Mughal Emperors of Delhi. The late 
 Deshmukh Janrao died without issue in 1841 ; whereon his widow, Sahebjibai, 
 adopted the present Chief, and a nazar of a large amount was paid on the 
 occasion to the Raja of Satara, of which State Phaltan was a feudatory. The 
 area of the State is 397 square miles; its population 58,085, chiefly Hindus. 
 The Chief was appointed a Member of the Legislative Council of Bombay 
 in 187S, and served till iSSo. His son and heir is Venkatrao Naik 
 Nimbalkar. 
 
 Residence. — Phaltan, Sdtdra, Bombay. 
 
 PIARI LAL, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893. Is the 
 Inspector of Schools of the Jalandhar Division, Punjab. 
 Residence. — Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 PIARI LAL, LALA, Rai Bahddio: 
 
 The title was conferred on i6th February 1887, as a personal distinction, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Delhi, Punjab. 
 
 PIARI MOHAN MUKHARJI, C.S.I., Rdjd. 
 
 Born 17th September 1840. The title of Raja was conferred on i6th 
 February 1887, as a personal distinction, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the 
 reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. At the same time the Raja was created 
 a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, in recognition 
 both of his own eminent services to the State, of the position of his family as 
 Zaminddrs of Uttarpdra, and of the great public services of his late father. 
 Is the son and heir of the late Babu Jai Krishna Mukharji (better known as 
 " Joy Kissen Mookerji " — as the Raja also is known as " Peary Mohun 
 Mookerji ''), Zaminddr of Uttarpdra, who was renowned throughout India 
 for his splendid public spirit, his large charities, and his liberal encourage- 
 ment of education. Belongs to a Kulin Brahman family of the highest 
 rank. Was educated in the University of Calcutta, where he graduated 
 M.A. and B.L. in 1862. Having served on Committees from 1865 to 
 1879, ^^s appointed a Member of the Legislative Council of Bengal in 1879. 
 Was appointed a Member of the Viceroy's Legislative Council in 1884, and 
 reappointed in 1886, in which capacity he took a prominent part in the 
 discussions on the Bengal Tenancy Bill, which drew the following remarks 
 from the Official Member in charge of the Bill, Sir Steuart C. Bayley, 
 
 2 E 
 
4l8 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Lieutenant - Governor of Bengal : " And though the death of our 
 lamented colleague, Rai Kristodas Pal Bahadur, in the middle of our dis- 
 cussions, was a grievous loss to them (the Bengal Zaminddrs), and indeed to 
 all of us, yet their interests could hardly have found a better representative 
 than in his successor, who, with inflexible constancy and even a more perfect 
 knowledge of detail than his predecessor, contested every inch of ground, and 
 displayed a temper and ability which showed how wisely the British Indian 
 Association had made their selection." Is honourably known as one of the 
 leading landowners of Bengal. 
 Residence. — Uttarpdra, Bengal. 
 
 PIMPLADEVI, NAIK DONGRIA walad KAJLYA, Naik of. 
 A Ruhng Chief. 
 
 Born 1850. Belongs to a Bhil (aboriginal) family. The area of the 
 State, which is one of the Dang States of Khandesh, is about 4 square miles ; 
 its population 134, chiefly Bhils. 
 
 Residence. — Pimpladevi, Khandesh, Bombay. 
 
 PIMPRI, NAIK KESAVRAO 7iuj/„d TRIMBAK, JVai/i of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1 868. Belongs to a Bhil (aboriginal) family. The area of the 
 State, which is one of the Dang States of Khdndesh, is about 73 square 
 miles; its population 3572, chiefly Bhils. 
 
 Residence. — Pimpri, Kh:indesh, Bombay. 
 
 PINDAYA, MAUNG PO KIN, iVgwegunhmu of 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 The Ngwegunhmu is Chief of one of the Shan States of Burma. Pindaya 
 has an area of about 250 square miles; its population consists almost 
 entirely of Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Pindaya, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 PINHMI, MAUNG THA DAUNG, Ns7i'egunhiiu of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 The Ngwegunhmu is Chief of one of the Shan States of Burma, with an 
 area of about 1 5 square miles. Its population consists almost entirely of 
 Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Pinhmi, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 PIPLIA, RAWAT ACHAL SINGH, Rdjoaf of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S33; succeeded to the gadi in 1863. The population of the 
 State is 583, chiefly Hindus. The Rawat belongs to a Rdjput (Hindu) 
 family. 
 
 Residence. — Piplia, Western Mdlw.i, Central India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 419 
 
 PIPLIANAGAR, MAKHDUM BAKHSH, Chief of . 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Succeeded to the ^'■(7^/ 26th October 1831. Is a co-sharer with Rahim 
 Bakhsh in the Chiefship of this State, which contains a population of 716, 
 chiefly Hindus. The Chiefs are descendants of Rajan Khan, brother of the 
 Pindari leader Chitu (see Jabria Bhil and Khajuria), who received from the 
 British Government, on the settlement of Mahva, the jagirs of Piplianagar, 
 Khajuria, Jabria Bhil, and Jabria. On his death these jdgirs were made 
 perpetual, and divided among his five sons. 
 
 Residence. — Piplianagar, Bhopil, Central India. 
 
 PIPLIANAGAR, RAHIM BAKHSH, Cliief of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Succeeded to the ,?•«<// 2 6th October 1831. Is a co-sharer with Makhdum 
 Bakhsh in the Chiefship of this State. For an account of the family see 
 under the heading of Piplianagar, Makhdum Bakhsh ; see also Jabria Bhil 
 and Khajuria. 
 
 Residence. — Piplianagar, BhopAl, Central India. 
 
 PIPLODA, THAKUR KESRI SINQH, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1872; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 8th November 1888. 
 Belongs to an ancient Doria Rdjput family, claiming descent from Sadal 
 Singh, who served under Mahmud Khilji, the Muhammadan King of 
 ]\Iandu, and received from him the jdgir of Piploda in Malwa as a reward 
 for his valour and success in the field. Thirteenth in descent from Sadal 
 Singh was the late Dulai Singh, Thakur of Piploda, who held the title of 
 Maharaj Rawat, and succeeded to 'Cae gadi oxv 30th November 1863. He 
 died in 1888, and was succeeded by his eldest son, the present Thakur. 
 The area of the State is 60 square miles; its population is 14,175, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Piploda, Western Mdlwd, Central India. 
 
 PIR BAKHSH KHAN, SUBAHDAR-MAJOR, Sarddr Bahddur, 
 
 Khan Baliddur. 
 
 Born 1834. The title of Sardar Bahadur was conferred on 21st Novem- 
 ber 1882, and that of Khan Bahadur on ist June 1888, as personal dis- 
 tinctions, in recognition of his eminent military services. Has been a 
 distinguished officer of the 2nd and 3rd Baluchi Regiments, with an honour- 
 able service of thirty-two years, having received the three medals of the 
 Persian, Afghan, and Egyptian wars. With the title of Sardar Bahadur he 
 had the honour of receiving the Gold Star at the hands of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty the Empress ; and he also received the Egyptian Star from 
 His Highness the Khedive of Egypt. Was one of Lord Roberts's officers in 
 the famous march from Kabul to Kandahar, for which he received the Star. 
 He served also in the China war. Is married, and has issue one daughter. 
 
 Residence. — Larkina, Sind. 
 
420 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 PIR BAKHSH KHAN, Klidn Bahadur. 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on ist January 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of 
 India. 
 
 Residence. — Shik^rpur, Sind. 
 
 PIRTHI SINGH (of Nadaun), Mian. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Midn being a younger brother of the Rdjd 
 Amar Chand of Nadaun (g.z:), and son of the late Rdja Sir Jodbhir Singh, 
 K.C.S.I., brother-in-law of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore. 
 
 Residence. — Nadaun, Kdngra, Punjab. 
 
 PITHAPUR, SRI RAJA RAO VENKATAKUMARA SURYA 
 
 RAO, Jidjii ,•/. 
 
 Born 1885. Belongs to a family long settled as large Zaminddrs and land- 
 owners in the Godavari district, Madras. Is the son of the late Rajd Gan- 
 gddhara Rama Rao of Pithapur, who received the title of Raja from the 
 British Government in the year 1877. In 1873 the late Rdjd adopted a 
 son, Shri Raja Rao \'cnkatasurj'a Mahipathi Rdma Krishna Rao Bahadur 
 (son of the Raja of \'enkatagiri, q.v.), born 1858. The late Rdjd died on 
 22nd July 1890, and was succeeded by the present Raja as a minor, the 
 estates being under the management of the Court of Wards. 
 
 Residence. — Pithapur, Goddvari, Madras. 
 
 PITHARI, THAKUR BAKHTAWAR SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born i860; succeeded to the ^a^// in October 1887. The State is one 
 of the feudatories of Indore. 
 
 Residence. — Pithdri, Indore, Central India. 
 
 PITTAPUR (or Pithapuram), Rdjd of. 
 ticc Pithapur. 
 
 PIYAQPUR, RAJA BHUP INDRA BIKRAMA SINGH, Rdjd of. 
 
 Born 31st January 1863 ; succeeded his father, Rdjd Narpat Singh, 22nd 
 May 1882. Belongs to a Janwar family, descended from Prdg, who founded 
 Prdgpur, now called Piydgpur. For other branches of the great Janwar 
 family, see (i) Indar Kunwdr, Mahdrdni of Balrdmpur ; (2) Achal Singh, 
 Rdjd of Kaimahra ; (3) Kishan Datt Singh, Rdjd of Oel ; and (4) Narpat 
 Singh, Rdjd of Gangwal. The important Raj of Ikauna was also the appanage 
 of the head of the Janwars for some centuries, but was confiscated for ret)el- 
 lion after the Mutiny of 1857. One of Prdg's descendants, Himmat Singh, 
 obtained the title of Rdjd from Asaf-ud-dauld, and the title was recognised 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 42t 
 
 by Government as hereditary in 1864. Raja Himmat Singh was eventually 
 killed by Raja Krishna Prasad Singh of Gangvval, and was succeeded by 
 Rdja Narpat Singh, the father of the present Raja. 
 Residence. — Piydgpur, Bahraich, Oudh. 
 
 PO HMYIN, MAUNG, Kyet Thaye sautig shwe Salwe ya Min. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 29th May 1886. It is 
 indicated by the letters K.S.M. after the name, and means " Recipient of 
 the Gold Chain of Honour." 
 
 Residence. — Rangoon, Burma. 
 
 PO KA, MAUNG, Thuye-gaung Ngweda ya Min. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist June 1885. It 
 is indicated by the letters T.D.M. after the name, and means "Recipient of 
 the Silver Sword for Bravery." 
 
 Residence. — Mingyan, Burma. 
 
 PO, MAUNG, Kyet Thaye zaung shwe Salwe ya Miti. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred on 29th May 1886. It is 
 indicated by the letters K.S.M. after the name, and means "Recipient of 
 the Gold Chain of Honour." 
 
 Residence. — Hauthawadi, Burma. 
 
 PO O, MAUNG, Thuye-gaung Ngitfeda ya Min. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th May 1889. It 
 is indicated by the letters T.D.M. after the name, and means " Recipient of 
 the Silver Sword for Bravery." 
 
 Residence. — W. Pagi, Burma. 
 
 POL, RAO PRATHISINGHJI HAMIRSINGHJI, Jiao of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1872 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 24th October 1889. 
 Belongs to the illustrious Rahtor Rajput (Hindu) family of Idar, descended 
 from Sonakji, second son of Jai Chand, last Rahtor Emperor of Kanauj. 
 For twenty-six generations the descendants of Sonakji were Raos of Idar ; 
 but in 1656 the Rao Jagannath was driven out by the Muhammadans, and 
 the family then established themselves in the mountainous district of Pol, 
 between Gujarat in Bombay and the Udaipur (Mewar) State in Rajputana. 
 The late Rao of Pol, Hamirsinghji Gulabsinghji, succeeded to the gadi 
 in 1864, and dying in 1889, was succeeded by his son, the present Rao. 
 The area of the State is 1050 square miles; its population is 6629, chiefly 
 Hindus. The Rao maintains a military force of 10 cavalry and 12 infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Pol, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
\ 
 
 422 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 POPAT VELJI (of RAjkot), Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Bom 17th February 1829. The title was conferred, as a personal dis- 
 tinction, on 6th February 1874, for special services in capturing outlaw 
 Waghers in Kdthidwdr. The Rao Bahddur belongs to the Modh Wania 
 family. 
 
 Residence. — Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 PORBANDAR, HIS HIGHNESS RANA SHRI VIKRAMATJI 
 KHIMAJI, Rand of. 
 
 Born ist April 1819; succeeded to y\\e. gadi 20th June 1831. Belongs 
 to a Jetwa Rajput (Hindu) family, claiming descent from Haniinidn, the 
 monkey-god of the Hindus, and possessing authentic records of their history 
 for the last 570 years in Kdthidwdr. In 1807 the State came under British 
 control. It possesses three harbours on the coast ; of which one, Porban- 
 dar, has a considerable trade. The area of the State is 636 square miles ; 
 its population 7 1,072, chiefly Hindus, but including 6741 Muhammadans. 
 The Rdnd maintains a military force of 14 cavalry, 236 infantry, and 113 
 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 1 1 guns. He has a son and heir, Kumdr 
 Bhausinghji. 
 
 Residence. — Porbandar, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 PRABHU NARAYAN SINGH, HIS HIGHNESS SIR, K.C.I.K, 
 
 Alahdrdjd Bahddur. 
 
 See Benares, Mahdrdjd of. 
 
 PRAMADA BHUSAN DEB RAI (of Naldanga), Rdjd. 
 See Naldanga, Rdjd of. 
 
 PRAMADA NATH RAI, Kumdr. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, in recognition of his 
 position as eldest son of the late Rdjd Pramada Ndth Rai of Dighapatia in 
 the Rdjshdhi district, Bengal. Belongs to a family long settled as Zatninddrs 
 in Rdjshdhi, claiming descent from Dayd Rdm Rai, said to have been created 
 Rai Raiyan about the year 1750 a.d. His son was Jaganndth Rai, who 
 was succeeded by his son, Prdnndth Rai. The son and successor of the 
 latter was Rdjd Prasanna Ndth Rai Bahddur, who was created Rdjd Bahddur, 
 as a personal distinction, in the Governor-Generalship of Lord Dalhousie. 
 His son was the late Rdjd Pramada Ndth Rai Bahddur, who greatly dis- 
 tinguished himself by his liberality during the famine of 1873-74. He also 
 subscribed Rs. 1,50,000 towards the establishment of the Rdjshdhi College 
 at Rdmpur Bodlia. He was a Member of the Legislative Council of Bengal. 
 He left three sons — (i) the present Kumdr, Pramada Ndth Rai; (2) Midn 
 Basanta Kumdr Rai ; (3) Midn Sarat Kumdr Rai. 
 
 Residence. — Dighapatia, R.ijsh.ihi, licngal. 
 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 423 
 
 PRAN KISHAN GHOSH, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 2nd January 1888, 
 for good services rendered in the Finance Department. 
 Rcsiiicna'. — Chandarnagar, Bengal. 
 
 PRANSHANKAR TRIPURASHANKAR, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th May 18S9. 
 Residence. — Ahmadabad, Bombay. 
 
 PRASANNA CHANDRA NYAYARATNA, Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 This title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th February 1887, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty, 
 for eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in Darbar 
 immediately after titular Rajas. The Mahamahopadhyaya is one of the 
 Professors of the ancient Sanskrit University of Nadiya (Nuddea) in Bengal. 
 
 Residence. — Belpukar, Nadiyd, Bengal. 
 
 PRATAP SINGH (of Patan), Rao. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Rao belongs to the same family as that of 
 the Rao Bhopal Singh of Sehora. The title was originally conferred by the 
 Emperor of Delhi, through the Subahdar Ghairat Khan of Sagar. 
 
 Residence. — Patan, Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 PRATAP UDIT NATH SAHAI DEO, Mahdrdjd 
 
 Born 26th March 1866. The title is hereditary, and was so declared on 
 23rd December 1872. Belongs to a very ancient family, who have been 
 Maharajas of Chota (or Chutia) Nagpur from time immemorial, their capital 
 being the village of Chutia in Lohardaga district. They are descended, 
 according to the family legends, from the patidrik ndga or sacred serpent 
 {see T)zS.\.oxii Ethnology of Bengal, •^■^. 165, 166). The Maharaja succeeded 
 to the title and estate on the death of his father, the late Maharkjd, in 1872. 
 
 Residence. — Lohdrdaga, Chota Ndgpur, Bengal. 
 
 PRATUL CHANDRA CHATTBRJI, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Is a Fellow of the Punjab University, and received the title, as a personal 
 distinction, on 25th May 1892. 
 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
424 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 PREM SINGH (of Mukerian), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Is the grandson of Ruddu Mai, whose sons, 
 Sarddr Bur Singh, Sarddr Budh Singh, and Sarddr Sudh Singh, rose to power 
 under Maharaja Sher Singh of Lahore. When the Mahdrdjd was assassinated, 
 Sarddr Budh Singh was killed on the spot, and his cousin was severely 
 wounded. The Sarddr Prem Singh is the son of the late Sarddr Sudh Singh 
 of Mukerian, who died in 1889, and the nephew of the Sarddr Bur Singh of 
 Mukerian {q-T.) 
 
 Residence. — Mukerian, Hoshiarpur, Punjab. 
 
 PREMCHAND BARAL, Rai BaMdiir. 
 
 Born 1S14. 'I'he title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 
 I St January 1889. Is a son of the late Rup Chand Bardl, merchant, of 
 Calcutta. Educated at the Hindu College, Calcutta ; appointed to the 
 service of • Government under Sir Charles Trevelyan ; became Deputy 
 Magistrate of Alipur, and was nominated by Government as a Municipal 
 Commissioner of Calcutta. Is a Justice of the Peace and an Honorarj- 
 Magistrate ; Honorary Secretary of the Savarnobdnik Hitakdri Sabhd, and of 
 Rdja Rajendra Mallik's Charity. The Rai Bahadur married in 1834, and 
 has issue six sons, of whom the eldest is Nobin Chand Bardl, Esq., Zaminddr, 
 born in 1844, and married in i860 to the daughter of the late Sagore Dutt, 
 a well-known philanthropist. Mr. Xobin Chand Bardl is an Honorary 
 Magistrate and J. P. of Calcutta, an elected member of the Calcutta Munici- 
 pality, and a nominated member of that of North Barrackpur, and is a 
 member of the following societies : — Asiatic Society of Bengal, British Indian 
 Association, Dalhousie Institute, Ualhousie Dramatic Club, East Indian 
 Association (life member). President Town Club (for athletic sports), and the 
 Attorney's Association. He is also a Freemason of high standing — P.l). 
 Grand Registrar of District Grand Lodge of Bengal, a Life dovernor of the 
 Bengal ALisonic Association ; and Honorary Secretary of the Government- 
 Aided Bow Baziir School, Calcutta. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 PREMCHAND KASANDAS, Rao S,i/ul>. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 15th February 1886. 
 " Residence. — Kaira, Bombay. 
 
 PREMPUR, THAKUR SURAJMALJI, T/idkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 2ist October 1849; succeeded to x\\e i^adi 3rd October 1871. 
 Belongs to a family that claims descent from Makwana Bhatti, a Makwdna 
 Rdjput, by his marriage with the daughter of a Koli (aboriginal) chieftain. 
 One of his sons was Waghaji, Thdkur of Prempur. The present Thdkur is 
 eleventh in descent from him, having succeeded his cousin, the late Thdkur, 
 Partdbsinghji, in 1S71. 
 
 Resilience. — Prempur, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 425 
 
 PRIYA SHANKAR RAI, Kumar. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i8th July 1861. 
 Is the son of the late Raja Shama Shankar Rai (or Chaudhri) ; descended 
 from Pachu Sarkar, whose son, Kali Shankar Rai, was father of Tarini 
 Shankar Rai, and grandfather of the late Raja Shama Shankar Rai. The 
 latter obtained the title of Raja, as a personal distinction, on ist January 
 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India. He had rendered good service to the State in the famine 
 of 1873-74, in the district of Dinajpur, where he owned large estates. 
 
 Residence. — Dacca, Bengal. 
 
 PUDUKOTA, HIS HIGHNESS RAJA MARTAND BHAIRAVA 
 
 TONDIMAN BAHADUR, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born I S 7 5 ; succeeded his grandfather, the late Raja Ramachandra Ton- 
 diman, 15th April 1886, as a minor. Belongs to an ancient Kallar (Hindu) 
 family, whose ancestors have borne the title of Tondiman Raja from time 
 immemorial, and have ruled in Pudukota. An ancestor of the Tondiman 
 Raja rendered good service to the British forces in the siege .of Trichinopoli 
 in 1753 A.D., by providing supplies and other aid, and obtained, as a reward, 
 the grant of the fort and district of Kilanelli in South Tanjore. To the late 
 Raja Ramachandra Tondiman Bahadur a sanad was given, conferring on him 
 the right of adoption, and the title of "His Excellency" as a personal dis- 
 tinction. The area of the State is 1380 square miles; its population 
 302,127, chiefly Hindus, but including 8946 Muhammadans and 11,372 
 Christians. His Highness the Tondiman Raja maintains a military force 
 of 16 cavalr)', 136 infantry, and 27 guns; and is entitled to a salute of 1 1 
 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Pudukota, Madras. 
 
 PULAKKALITATHIL CHATTU ACHCHHAN, Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Raja being commonly known as " the Valiya 
 Raja of Palghat." 
 
 Residence. — Malabar, Madras. 
 
 PUNADRA, MIAN ABHESINGHJI AMARSINGHJI, Midn of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 6th August 1863; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 12th March 
 1865. Belongs to a Jhala Rajput family, converted to Islam; claiming 
 descent from Harisinghji, who was in the service of Shah Muhammad Begara 
 of Gujarat, and became a Muhammadan in 1483 a.d. During the minority 
 of the Mian, the State was administered by his mother, under the supervision 
 of the Political Agent of Mahi Kantha. Its area is 45 square miles ; its 
 population 3767, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Punadra, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
426 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 PURANDHAR SINGH (of Matanpiir Belkhera), Thdkur. 
 
 The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred by Raja Nizam 
 Shah, Gond Raja of Mandla, and recognised by the British Government. 
 The grandfather of Thakur Purandhar Singh rendered good service during 
 the Mutiny of 1857. 
 
 Rcsitiince. — -Matanpur Belkhera, Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 PURANYA PANTALU, P., Hao Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1848. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist 
 January 1889. The Rao Bahadur was appointed a Deputy Collector in 1888, 
 and in 1889 he became the Diwan of the Maharaja of Jaipur, in the Vizaga- 
 patam district, Madras. 
 
 Residence. — Jaipur, Vizagapatam, Madras. 
 
 PURNO CHANDAR SINGH (of Kandi), Rdjd. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th May 1882. 
 Residence. — Kandi, Murshidabad, Bengal. 
 
 PURSHOTTAM DAS, Rai BaMdur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th May 1889. 
 Residence. — Bilaspur, Central Provinces. 
 
 PURSHOTTAM NARAYAN BHAT, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist June 1888. 
 Residence. — Amraoti, Berar. 
 
 PURUSHOTTAMA AIYAR, K., Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1833. 'Ihe title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th 
 May 1 889, for long and meritorious service. 
 Residence. — Bellary, Madras. 
 
 PUSAPATI ANANDA QAJAPATI RAZ, SIR, G.C.I.E., Mahdrdjd. 
 See Vizianagram, Mahdrdjd of. 
 
 PUSHKAR PAL (of Askot), Rdjwar. 
 
 Born 1843. The title is hereditary. The R.ijwar (or Rajbar) is a Suraj- 
 
 bansi R;ijput, and traces his descent in 221 generations from Sri Utapanna- 
 
 patra, the founder of the Solar dynasty. 'I'he family is a younger branch of 
 
 that of the Rajas of Katyuri — " Rajbar " being equivalent to " Rajkumar," 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 427 
 
 and being the style of the heir-apparent among the Katyuris, who held sway 
 over Kumaun before the Chand Raja deprived them of their kingdom. 
 They came from Joshimath, in Garhwal, in very early times. Abhaya Deva, 
 forty-ninth in descent from Salivahana Deva, was the first to leave the 
 Katyuri valley at the time of the decline of the Katyuri power. He changed 
 his title from " Deva " to " Pala," because " Deva " belonged to the branch of 
 the family ruling in Katyuri. When Rudra Chand took possession of Askot, 
 he allowed the Raj war of Askot to retain his patrimony as a Zaminddr under 
 the Chand Raj. The present Rajwar of Askot is an Honorary Magistrate. 
 Residence. — Askot, Kumdun, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 PWBHLA, SAW NYUN, Ngwegunhmu of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Ngwegunhmu is Chief of one of the Shan States of Burma. Pwehla 
 has an area of about 100 square miles; its population consists largely of 
 Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Pwehla, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 QADIR. See Kadir. 
 
 RABGUNDAI RAGHUNATHA RAO, Diwdn Bahddur. 
 
 See Raghunath Rao, R., Diwdn Bahddur. 
 
 RADHA GOVIND RAI SAHEB, Rat Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 12th March 1875, 
 for services rendered during the famine of 1873-74. 
 Residence. — Din.^jpur, Bengal. 
 
 RADHA KISHAN, Rai. 
 
 Born 1838. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, in 1859, 
 in recognition of the good service rendered by his father, the late Duni 
 Chand. The latter was the Agent of the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir 
 stationed at Rawalpindi. In 1857, when the Mutiny broke out in Hindu- 
 stan, Duni Chand accompanied the contingent furnished by the Maharaja to 
 Delhi, where he died of cholera. He was succeeded by his son, the Rai 
 Radha Kishan ; who has two sons — Milkhi Chand and Ram Chand. 
 
 Residence. — Alawdlpur, Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 RADHA KISHAN EL&.UL (of Amritsar), Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1887. 
 Residence. — Kashmir. 
 
428 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 RADHA MOHAN, Rai. 
 
 Bom 1850. The title is hereditar)', having been conferred, it is said, 
 on Rai Ishri Parsad Kayastha, grandfather of the present Rai, by the Nawab 
 Asaf-ud-daula. The Rai has two sons — Dwarka Parsad, born 6th September 
 1882 ; and Mata Parsad, born 19th June 1SS6. 
 
 Residence. — Ddrdganj, Allahabad, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 RADHA PRASAD SINGH, SIR, K.C.I.R (of Dumraon), 
 Mahdrdjii Bahadur. 
 
 See Dumraon, Ma/idrdjd of. 
 
 RADHANPUR, HIS HIGHNESS NAWAB MUHAMMAD 
 BISMILLAH KHAN BAHADUR BABI, lYa-.i'db of. 
 
 Born 26th April 1843; succeeded to the gadi 9th October 1S74. 
 Belongs to a Pathan (Muhammadan) family, famous in the history of 
 Western India as the Babi family, which has given ruling Houses to 
 Junagarh and Balasinor as well as to Radhanpur. Bahadur Khan Habi was 
 appointed /(77(/'(/(Z> of Thardd by the Emperor Shdh Jahan, and his son, Sher 
 Khdn Babi, was deputed to aid Prince Murad Bakhsh as Governor of 
 Gujardt. His son, Jafar Khdn Bdbi, in 1693 A.D., obtained the faujddri of 
 Rddhanpur and other districts, with the title of Safdar Khan; in 1704 he 
 was also appointed Governor of Bijdpur, and in i 706 of Pdlan. His son, 
 Khan Jahan, received similar appointments from the Emperor, with the title 
 of Jawdn Marad Khan, which was continued to his son, Kamal-ud-din Khan 
 Bdbi, who also seized the Governorship of Ahmadabad after the death of 
 Aurangzeb. He was forced to surrender Ahmadabad to the Mahrattas 
 under the Peshwd Raghunath Rao and the Gaekwar Ddmaji, in 1753, but 
 he was allowed to retain his possessions as a jdgirddr under the Mahratta 
 Power. In 1820 the Nawdb of Rddhanpur obtained British protection, as 
 a feudatory, bound to render military service, and to pay tribute ; but the 
 tribute has long ago been remitted, and has not been reimposed. The State 
 has an area of 1150 square miles; and a population of 98,129, chiefly 
 Hindus, but including 11,757 Muhammadans. The Nawdb maintains a 
 military force of 248 cavalry, 362 infantry, and 10 guns, and is entitled to a 
 salute of 1 1 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Rddhanpur, Bombay. 
 
 RADHIKA PRASAD MUKHARJI, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Belongs to a Kulin Brdhman family of Bengal. Has served with dis- 
 tinction in the Public Works Department : and received the title, as a 
 personal honour, on 25th May 1892. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 429 
 
 RADHIKA PRASANNA MUKHARJI, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1838. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th 
 February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty. Belongs to a Kulin Brahman family of the highest rank. 
 Son of Ananda Chandra Mukharji of Gosain Durgapur in the district of 
 Nuddea (Nadiya), Bengal. Is a Zamindar, and Inspector of Schools, 
 Presidency Circle ; educated at the Krishnaghur and Presidency Colleges of 
 the Calcutta University. He won a Junior Scholarship in 1854 and a 
 Senior Scholarship in 1855 (stood at the head of all the candidates from the 
 Colleges of Bengal). Appointed to the Government Service as Deputy 
 Inspector of Schools, Nuddea, in 1858; published Sasf/iya-Raksd — the first 
 work on sanitation in any Indian vernacular — in 1863, and Bhtibidyd or 
 Physical Geography, in 1868 ; and in the same year made suggestions for the 
 improvement of female education in Bengal, which were accepted by 
 Government. In 1872 took part in organising the first Provident Institution 
 in Bengal, now well known as the Hindu Family Annuity Fund, and was one 
 of its Directors. In 1877 appointed Head Master, Hughli Normal School, 
 and in 1878 Assistant Inspector of Schools, Bhagalpur division; in 1882 
 published a note advocating the substitution of " Kaithi " for the Persian 
 character in the Courts of Behar ; in the same year was appointed Assistant 
 Inspector of Schools, Presidency Division, and in 1884 Inspector of Schools, 
 Presidency Circle (Class IV. Bengal Educational Service), and Secretary, 
 Central Text-book Committee, Bengal; in 18S5 was appointed a Fellow of 
 the University of Calcutta, and has since acted on various University Com- 
 mittees and Boards of Studies; in 1886 a Member of a Government 
 Committee which sat at Darjeeling for the purpose of revising the assign- 
 ments to Government schools ; was appointed in 1S87 Member and 
 Secretary of a Conference for revising the Rules for Grants-in-aid to 
 schools and extending female education ; and has received the thanks of 
 Government on several occasions for his services. Is Member of the 
 Bethune School Committee ; Member and Secretary to the Board of 
 Trustees, Eden Hindu Hostel, Calcutta ; Member, Useful Literature Society ; 
 Member, Board of Visitors of the Government Engineering College, Sibpur ; 
 Member, Committee of Management of the Indian Association for the 
 Cultivation of Science. The Rai Bahadur has supported a High English 
 School and a Girls' School in his native town ever since 1859. 
 
 Residences. — Calcutta, and Gosain Durgapur, Nadiyd, Bengal. 
 
 RAGHBIR SINGH (of Kaldlwdla), Sarddr. 
 
 Born about the year 1877. The title is hereditary. The Sardar belongs 
 to a Jat family of Sikh Sardars, being the representative of Sardar Diwan 
 Singh, who was adopted by Sardar Hari Singh, the great leader of the 
 Bhangi misi or confederacy, and inherited half the possessions of that 
 powerful Chief about the year 1760. Diwan Singh was succeeded by 
 Dhanna Singh, on whose death the estate descended to Jodh Singh. 
 Maharaja Ranjit Singh made war on him, and annexed a considerable part 
 of his territory ; and ultimately the Sardar was compelled to submit and 
 present a nazardtia, on which the Maharaja left him in feudal possession of 
 
430 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 a \aTgeJdgir. Sarddr Jodh Singh's only child was the Rdni Khem Kaur, 
 married to the Prince Khark Singh, afterwards known as the Maharajd Khark 
 Singh; and on Jodh Singh's death the management of the Rani's jiigir 
 devolved on her cousin, Sardar Amar Singh, son of Sardar Chart Singh and 
 nephew of Sardar Jodh Singh. Sardar Amar Singh's grandson (son of Sardar 
 Chanda Singh) was the late Sardar Bhagwdn Singh, Kalahvala, father of the 
 present Sardar Raghbir Singh. He was an Honorary Magistrate of Kakil- 
 wala, and officiated as E.xtra Assistant Commissioner; he died in 1885, and 
 was succeeded by Sardar Raghbir Singh. 
 Residence. — Kaldlwila, Sidlkot, Punjab. 
 
 RAGHBIR SINGH (of Rura), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 5th October 1878. The title is hereditar)-, the Rajd being a Chief 
 of the Sengar clan of Rajputs, and descended from a Sengar Rajput leader 
 who settled in the district of Etawah about six centuries ago. The last Raja 
 in the direct line was Raja Kushal Singh, who died fifteen years before the 
 cession, leaving several widows, a nephew (Himanchal Singh), and a natural 
 son (Ghanshyam Singh). On the death of Kushal Singh the property was 
 settled first with Himanchal Singh, next with Rani Bhadaurin (one of the 
 widows of Kushal Singh), next with Ghanshyam Singh ; and finally, on an 
 appeal to the Privy Council, the property was settled with Himanchal Singh. 
 He died shortly afterwards, and was succeeded by his nephew. Raja Fateh 
 Singh. The latter in 1857 unfortunately joined the rebels, but died before 
 he could be brought to trial, and his property was confiscated. A portion, 
 however, was restored to his son. Raja Raghunaih Singh. The latter died 
 in 1887, and was succeeded by the present Raja. 
 
 Residence. — Rura, Pargand Biduria, Etdwah, North- Western Provinces. 
 
 The SaMtak of Ihc Ch.iuh.'iii 
 RAjputs, Clltcd Chal-ra, UNCtl 
 in the u.tl nn<t for signature. 
 
 (A circle with four Tritutas or 
 Trident!! as radii at the car* 
 dinal points.) 
 
 RAGHUGARH, RAJA JAI MANDAL 
 SINGH, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1821 ; succeeded to the gadi in 1S57. 
 Belongs to a Chauhan Rajput (Hindu) family. The 
 population of this State, which is included within 
 Gwalior territor)', is 16,920, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Raghugarh, Guna, Central India. 
 
 RAGHUJI RAO (of Deor), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 7th November 1872. The title is hereditary, the Raja being the 
 representative of the old Bhonslt5 Rajas (Mahrattas) of Nagpur, his father, 
 Janoji Saheb Blionslt^-, having been adopted by Dariya Bai, Dowager Rdni of 
 the last Bhonslt; Raj.i of X.igpur, Raghuji HI. The title of R.ija was 
 originally conferred on Madhoji Hhonslt; by the Emperor Akbar Shah of 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 431 
 
 Delhi. The Bhonsle family (some account of which is given under the 
 heading " Kolhapur, Raja of") claims to be descended from the 
 illustrious " Solar race " of the Mahdranas of Udaipur ; and from the time 
 of Sivaji the Great, founder of the Mahratta Empire, down to the period of 
 the decline of the Mahratta Power, the family played a very important part 
 in Indian history. In 1707 a.d. the title of Sena Sake/' Subah was bestowed 
 on Persoji Bhonsl6 of Nagpur by the Raja Sivaji of Satara. In 1861 the 
 British Government conferred the title of Raja Bahadur of Deor on the late 
 Janoji Saheb Bhonsle, father of the present Raja, in recognition of his 
 position as the adopted son of the Dowager Rani ; and the title of Raja has 
 been made hereditary. 
 
 Residence. — Deor, NAgpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 RAGHUNATH RAO, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Rao Saheb being one of the representatives of 
 Rao Vinayek Rao, Prime Minister of the last Mahratta ruler of Sagar. The 
 father of the present Rao Saheb was the Rao Saheb Venkata Rao, who 
 occupied for some time the position of a Tahsildar in the Chhatisgarh division 
 of the Central Provinces. 
 
 Residence. — Sagar, Central Provinces. 
 
 RAGHUNATH RAO JAI KRISHNA RAO DBSHMUKH 
 
 DESHPANDE KANGO (of Raver), Rdjd. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Khdndesh, Bombay. 
 
 RAGHUNATH RAO KESHAVRAO (of Sanda), Gambhirrao. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Khdndesh, Bombay. 
 
 RAGHUNATH RAO, R., Diwd7i Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1 83 1. Appointed a Deputy Collector in the Madras Executive 
 Service, 1859 ; and retired on pension in 1888. Was granted the title as a 
 personal distinction, in recognition of his eminent public services, in 1877. 
 Has acted as Diwan of the Kalahasti Raj, and rendered good service in 
 many other important capacities. Appointed a Fellow of the Madras Uni- 
 versity, 1882. 
 
 Residence, Madras. 
 
 RAGHUNATH SINGH (of Panchanpur), Rao. 
 
 Born 1855. The title is hereditary. The Rao belongs to a Bundela 
 Rajput family, descended from the Thakur Pran Singh. He has two sons — 
 Tawahir Singh, born 22nd November 1884, and Debi Singh, born about 1887. 
 Besides the Raj of Panchanpur, the Rao holds y(/i,7>i' in the States of Gwalior, 
 Tehri, and Ajaigarh. 
 
 Residence. — Lalitpur, North- Western Provinces. 
 
432 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 RAGHUNATH SINGH (of Jaswan), Midii. 
 
 The title is hereditary. 
 
 Residence. — Jaswan, Hoshidrpur, Punjab. 
 
 RAGHUNATH SINGH (of Guler), Rii/d. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Raja is the son of Raja Jai Singh of Guler, 
 in the Kangra district, Punjab. Jai Singh was the brother of the late Rija 
 Shamsher Singh of Guler. 
 
 Residence. — Guler, Kdngra, Punjab. 
 
 RAGHUNATH SINGH (of Amleta), Rao Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on jist October 1879. 
 Residence. — Ratldm, Central India. 
 
 RAGHUNATH TRIMBAK, Rao Sahel>. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 28th July 1882. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 RAHIM KHAN, Kftdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 183S. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 13th 
 March 1872. Dr. Rahim Khan belongs to a Muhanimadan family of 
 Lucknow, long celebrated for its learning; descended from Muhammad 
 Azim Khan, who died there in 1729 .\.D. His descendant was 1-akir-ulla- 
 Khan, grandfather of the Khan Bahadur; he maintained an Arabic School 
 at his own cost in Lucknow. He died in 1837. His son, Yusaf Khan, 
 was equally noted as an Arabic scholar at Lucknow, and was invited by the 
 Governor-General's Agent in Assam to become the Mir Munshi. and the 
 Superintendent of the Oriental College at Gauhati. He died in 1856, his 
 son, Rahim Khan, being then seventeen years of age. The latter was edu- 
 cated at Dacca College ; also at the Medical College, Calcutta, where he 
 became a Sub-Assistant Surgeon in 1S58, and received special and rapid 
 promotion from Government because of his high attainments. In i860 he 
 was appointed to the Medical School of I-ahore, where he had greatly dis- 
 tinguished himself by introducing a knowledge of European medical science 
 among the chief hakims and native physicians of the Punjab. Is a Fellow 
 of the University of Lahore ; and received the rank of Honorarj- Surgeon on 
 1st January 1S77, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty as Empress of India. The Khan Bahadur has three sons — Sadr-ud- 
 din Khan, born 1862; Kamr-ud-din Khan, born 1870; and Badr-ud-din 
 Khan, born 1872. 
 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 433 
 
 RAHMAN ALI, MAULAVI (of Allahabad), Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th February 1887, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Rewah, Central India. 
 
 EAIGARH BARGARH, RAJA BHUP DEO SINGH, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1867 ; succeeded to the gadi 7th June 1890. Belongs to a Gond 
 (aboriginal) family, descended from Thakur Daryao Singh, who obtained the 
 title of Raja from the Maharaja Chhatar Sal of Sambalpur (who reigned from 
 1622 to 1629) for military services. The family were formerly settled in 
 Bairagarh, Nagpur ; whence they were driven out by the Mahrattas, and 
 settled first at Phuljir, and subsequently at Raigarh. About fifty years ago 
 the Raja of Raigarh acquired also the Chiefship of Bargarh. The late Raja 
 Ganshiam Singh succeeded to the gadi in 1863. The family cognisance or 
 device is a hawk or falcon, which appears in the Raja's seal, and is also 
 used for signature. The area of the State is i486 square miles; its popula- 
 tion is 128,943, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Raigarh, Sambalpur District, Central Provinces. 
 
 RAIRAKHOL, RAJA BISHAN CHANDRA JANAMUNI, 
 
 J^djd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1818; succeeded to tho. gadi in 1825. Belongs to a Kadambansi 
 Rajput family, whose ancestors originally came from Bonai, and settled in 
 Rairakhol in the Sambalpur district in very early times. A descendant 
 obtained the title of Raja in 1404 a.d. from the Gajapati Raja of Puri in 
 Orissa ) and from him the present Raja is fourteenth in descent. The 
 cognisance or crest is the device of a Kadamba-flower (Na7icha Kadambd), 
 used in the Raja's seal, and for signature. The Raja has a son and heir, 
 named Kristi Chandra, who bears the courtesy title of Tikait Babu. The 
 area of the State is 833 square miles; its population is 17,750, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Rairakhol, Sambalpur District, Central Provinces. 
 
 RAJ CHANDAR DAS, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th July 1874. 
 Residence. — -Minbhum, Bengal. 
 
 RAJ KUMAR RAI, Ktmdr. 
 The title is personal, in recognition of his position as son of a Raja. 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 2 F 
 
434 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 RAJ KUMAR SARVADHIKARI, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 A son of the famous Sanskrit scholar, Professor Sarvidhikari, and a 
 Kulin Brahman of the highest caste and ancient descent. He obtained the 
 title on ist January 1891, for eminent services to the State and the public, 
 rendered as Honorary Secretary of the British Indian Association. 
 
 Residence. — 28 Mott's Lane, Calcutta. 
 
 RAJ KUMAR SEN, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 2nd January 1888, 
 in recognition of his services to Government in the Financial Department. 
 
 Residence. — Howrah, Bengal. 
 
 RAJ KUMARI DASI, Rani. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th February 1887, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — 83 Upper Chitpore Road, Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 RAJ SINGH (of Marh Piparia), Sa^oai Rao. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 RAJA LAL, Rai Sahch. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 20th May 1S90. 
 Residence. — 
 
 RAJA RAJA VARMA RAJA, Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1837. The title is hereditary, according to the Manimakkatayam 
 law of inheritance, common to this family with those of the other Malabar 
 Rdjds, by which the succession is with the offspring of its female menil>ers, 
 amongst whom the next eldest male is always the heir-apparent of the Raja. 
 The members of this family, by an ancient custom, generally marry the female 
 members of the family of His Highness the Mahdrdjd of Travancore. Belongs 
 to a Kshatriya family, that ruled in ancient times from the Betetndd river in 
 the south to the Polonad in the north, and the Rdjd is commonly styled the 
 Valiya Rdjd of Parapanad. At the time of the invasion of ^Lllabar by Tippu 
 Sultan, the ruling Rdjd was taken prisoner and carried to Mysore. The 
 late Rdjd Ithamer, Valiya Rdjd of Parapanad, succeeded to the gadi in 1875 ; 
 and on his death was succeeded by his heir, the present Rdjd, 
 
 Residence. — Malabar, Madras. 
 
 RAJA SINGH, Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1836. The title is hereditary. Belongs to the Mdn family, 
 originally Rdjputs inhabiting the country about Delhi ; descended from 
 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 435 
 
 Sardar Karam Singh, son of Tara Singh. Karam Singh's son, Sardar Sham 
 Singh, Man, introduced his son, Sardar Fateh Singh, at an early age to the 
 notice of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore ; and when the Prince Kharak 
 Singh was a few years old, Fateh Singh was appointed specially to his ser- 
 vice. He served in the Kangra and other campaigns, for which services he 
 received a considerable jdgir from Prince Kharak Singh, and was assassin- 
 ated when returning from Jammu, whither he had been sent on certain 
 negotiations between the Lahore Darbar and the Raja Gulab Singh of 
 Jammu. He left two sons — Sardar Sardul Singh, Man, and Sardar Joala 
 Singh, Man ; of whom the latter was the father of the Sardar Raja Singh. 
 Sardar Sardul Singh served under General Ventura in the Mandi campaign, 
 and also fought in the campaign on the Sutlej. During the rebellion of 
 1848 and the Mutiny of 1857 he rendered excellent service to the British 
 Government. Sardar Joala Singh was succeeded on his death by his son, 
 Sardar Raja Singh, Man. The latter has a son and heir, named Gurbakhsh 
 Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Amritsar, Punjab. 
 
 RAJAB ALI KHAN BAHADUR, Aristii /ah. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, 19th March 1886. 
 Residence. — 
 
 RAJABAZAR, Rd/ii of. See Dharmraj Kunwar, Hdni. 
 
 RAJARAM RAO, TANJORE, Hao Bahadur, Diwdn Bahadur. 
 
 These titles were conferred as personal distinctions ; the first on 2nd 
 January 1888, the second on 24th May 1889. 
 Residence. — Madura, Madras. 
 
 RAJARAM SHASTRI BODAS (of Benares), Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 This title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th February 
 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty, for eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in 
 Darbar immediately after titular Rajas. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 RAJARATNA MUDALIYAR, P., Rai Bahadur, Diwdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1839. These titles were conferred as personal distinctions; the 
 first on i6th February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign 
 of Her Most Gracious Majesty; the second on 20th May 1890. AVas 
 appointed Secretary to the Commissioner of Revenue Settlement in Madras, 
 1887. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
436 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 RAJENDRA NARAYAN DEB, Rdjd Bahadur. 
 
 Born June 1814. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 
 30th April 1S69, in recognition of his position as son of the late Rdja Sir 
 Rddhakdnta Deb Bahadur. Belongs to the well-known Sobha Bazar Raj 
 family of Calcutta, whose head is the Maharaja Sir Narendra Krishna Deb 
 Bahadur (tj.v.) The Mahdraja Nava Krishna Deb Bahadur, before the birth 
 of his son, the Raja Rdj Krishna Deb Bahddur, adopted his nephew, the 
 Rdjd Gopi Mohan Deb Bahddur. The Rdjd Gopi Mohan's son was the 
 late Rdjd Sir Rddhdkdnta Deb, father of Rdjd Rdjendra Narayan Deb Bahddur. 
 The latter has a son and heir, Kumar Girindra Ndrdyan Deb. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 ■ RAJENDRA NARAYAN RAI CHAUDHRI (of Bhawal), 
 Rdjd Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 29th May 1886, in 
 recognition of his position as son and heir of the late Rdjd Kali Ndrdyan Rai 
 Chaudhri of Bhawal. Belongs to a family whose ancestors came from 
 Murshidabad. Kishad-doz Rai settled at Chandona in the Dacca district ; 
 and his son, Janaki Ndth Rai, received a grant of the Bhawal Zaminddri, and 
 assumed the title of Chaudhri. His grandson, Jaideb Rai Chaudhri, removed 
 to the present family residence at Jaidebpur. From him, the sixth Zaminddr 
 in lineal descent. Kali Ndrdyan Rai Chaudhri, was created a Rdjd Bahddur 
 in October 1875, for his eminent public services during the famines of 
 1865-66 and 1873-74, and for his general liberality and public spirit. On 
 his death he was succeeded by his son, the present Raja Bahddur. 
 
 Residence. — Jaidebpur, Dacca, Bengal. 
 
 RAJENDRA NATH MITRA, Rai BaMdiir. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th February 
 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 RAJENDRA SINGH (of Pitorha), Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred by the Rdjd of 
 Mandla. Belongs to a Gond family, descended from Himat Singh, the Gond 
 Rdjd of Gaurjhanur. His son, Durga Singh, seized Dcori with its strong 
 fori in the year 17 13 a.d., but was subsc(iuently driven out and killed by the 
 forces of the I'eshwd. His son, the Rdjd Ajit Singh, obtained some territory 
 by grant from the Mahrattas ; and a further grant was made to his son, the 
 Rdjd Kiral Singh. The latter was succeeded by his son, Rdjd Balwant 
 Singh ; and he by his son, the late Rdjd Debi Singh, father of the present 
 Rdjd. Rdjd Debi Singh was born in 1843; *"d on his death was suc- 
 ceeded by his son, the present Rdjfi. 
 
 Residence. — Pithora, Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 437 
 
 RAJBNDEA SINGH (of Kdthgarh), Sarddr Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1843. The title of Sardar is hereditary; that of Sardar Bahadur 
 was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 2nd January 1888. Belongs to 
 a Jat family of Sikh Sardars, whose ancestors came from the village of Sultan 
 Vind near Amritsar. Sardar Chanda Singh took possession of Sultan Vind 
 on the death of Adwa Beg Khan, the Mughal Governor, and built a fort 
 there. In 1759 a.d. he seized Kathgarh ; but subsequently the family came 
 under the power of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Sardar Chanda Singh's 
 grandson was the late Sardar Khushal Singh ; who on his death was suc- 
 ceeded by his son, the present Sardar Bahadur. 
 
 Residence. — Kithgarh, Hoshidrpur, Punjab. 
 
 RAJGARH, BHUMIA CHAIN SINGH, Bhumia of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1839; succeeded to \}s\& gadi 1864. Belongs to a Bhilala family, 
 said to be descended from the marriage of a Rajput with the daughter of a 
 Bhil Chief. The population of the State is 706, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Rdjgarh, Bhopdwar, Central India. 
 
 RAJGARH, HIS HIGHNESS RAJA BALBHADAR SINGH, 
 
 Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruhng Chief. 
 
 Born 1857; succeeded to the gadi 6th July 1882. Belongs to the 
 Umat Rajput (Hindu) family, descended from the Hindu Emperor Vikrama- 
 ditya, through the famous Raja Bhoj. The territory called Umatwara, includ- 
 ing the existing States of Rajgarh and Narsinghgarh, was conquered by the 
 Umat Rajputs during the decline of the Mughal Power. In 1448 the Chief 
 of Umatwara received the title of Rawat ; and in 1681 the Rawat's son, who 
 was also his Diivdn or Prime Minister, compelled him to divide the State, 
 the Diwan taking Narsinghgarh, which has ever since been a separate prin- 
 cipality — Rajgarh ultimately becoming tributary to Gwalior, whilst Narsingh- 
 garh became tributary to Indore. In 1871 the Rawat Moti Singh became 
 a convert to Islam, and with the permission of Government assumed the 
 title of Nawab and the name of Muhammad Abdul Wasih Khan. He died 
 in 1880, and was succeeded by his son, Bakhtawar Singh, father of the pre- 
 sent Raja, who succeeded in his turn on the death of Bakhtawar Singh in 
 1882. The present Chief belongs to the ancestral Hindu creed, and has 
 been received back by his brother-chiefs to his ancestral position as a Chief of 
 the Umat clan of Rajputs. The area of the State is 655 square miles; its 
 population is 118,185, chiefly Hindus, but including 5830 Muhammadans, 
 and 7175 belonging to aboriginal tribes. The Raja maintains a military force 
 of 300 cavalry, 360 infantry, and 6 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 1 1 
 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Rdjgarh, Bhopdl, Central India. 
 
43S THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 RAJKOT, THAKUR SAHEB LAKHAJI BAWAJI, 
 T/idkur Saheb of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1856; succeeded to the gadi i6th April 1890. Belongs to the 
 distinguished Jareja Rajput (Hindu) family, that has given ruling Houses to 
 Kutch, Nawanagar, and Morvi {'/.v.) The Rajkot House is an offshoot of 
 that of Nawanagar, its founder, Vibhaji, having been a grandson of Jam 
 Sataji, Jam of Nawanagar. The present Thakur Saheb was educated at the 
 Rajkumar College of Rdjkot, his capital, which is the alma-matcr of most 
 of the younger Princes of Western India. The State has an area of 282 
 square miles; and a population of 40,527, chiefly Hindus, but including 
 6775 Muhammadans. The Thakur Saheb maintains a military force of 40 
 cavalry, 3 1 o infantr)-, and 8 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — R.ljkot, K^thiilwdr, Bombay. 
 
 RAJKRISHNA SINGH (of Susang), Maharaja. 
 See Susang, Mahdraja of. 
 
 RAJPAR, RAWAL HIMATSINGHJI, Rdwal of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1879 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 23rd April 1889. Belongs 
 to a Rajput (Hindu) family. The area of the State is i square mile. 
 Residence. — Rdjpar, Rewd K.lntha, Bombay. 
 
 RAJPARA, JAREJA ASHAJI BHIMJI, Tdlukddr of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1846; succeeded to the gadi 25th April 1884. Belongs to a 
 Rajput (Hindu) family. The area of the State is a little over i square 
 mile; its population 2094, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — R.ljp^ira, H.^l^ir, Kdthi.-iw.-ir, Bombay. 
 
 RAJPIPLA, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARANA GAMBHIRSINGHJI, 
 
 Rdjd of. 
 
 \ Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1847 ; succeeded to the gadi i860. Belongs to a Gohel Rajput 
 (Hindu) family, claiming descent from Salivahana. About the year 1470 
 A.n., according to the family traditions, Chokanina, son of Raja Said.iwat of 
 Ujjain, having quarrelled with his father, left Ujjain and established himself 
 at ripla, in the hills to the west of Nandod, the present capital of this State. 
 His only daughter married Makheraj, a Gohel Rdjput Chief from the island 
 of I'erim in the Gulf of Cambay ; and of the two sons of this marriage, Dun- 
 garji founded lihaunagar, whilst Gemarsinghji succeeded Chokarina at Pipla ; 
 and his descendants have been Ran.is and Maharan.is of this State, with 
 various vicissitudes, from the end of the 15th century to the present day. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 439 
 
 In 1 82 1 there was a disputed succession, and the late Mahardna Verisalji 
 was placed on the gadi by the British Power. He was ruler for nearly forty 
 years; and then, in i860, abdicated in favour of his only son, the present 
 Maharana. The area of the State is 15 14 square miles; its population is 
 114,756, chiefly Hindus, but including 5161 Muhammadans and 61,784 
 Bhils and members of other aboriginal tribes. The Maharana maintains a 
 military force of 77 cavalry, 443 infantry, and 23 guns, and is entitled to a 
 salute of II guns. 
 
 Residence. — Ndndod, Rdjpipla, Rewa K^ntha, Bombay. 
 
 RAJU SHASTRIYAR, M., MahdinaJiopddhydya. 
 
 Born 181 5. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th 
 February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty, for eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take 
 rank in Darbar immediately after titular Rajas. 
 
 Residence. — Manndrgudi, Tanjore, Madras. 
 
 RAKHALDAS NYAYARATNA, Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th February 1887, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty, 
 for eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in Darbdr 
 immediately after titular Rajas. 
 
 Residence. — Bhdtpdra, Bengal. 
 
 RAM AUTAR SINGH, LALA, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 21st February 1884, 
 for services in connection with the Railway Mail Department. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 RAM CHAND (of Akalgarh), Diivdn. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Akalgarh, Gujrinwdla, Punjab. 
 
 RAM CHAND (of Himmodh), Thdkur. 
 
 Born 30th November 181 9. The title is hereditary, having been 
 originally conferred by the Mughal Emperors of Delhi, and confirmed by the 
 British Government. One of the former Thakurs of Himmodh also obtained 
 the title of Tarafddr from the Peshwa, together with a grant of lands rent- 
 free ; and this latter grant was confirmed by the British Government. The 
 Thakur has an adopted son and heir, Kundan Ldl, alias Sita Prasid 
 Tarafdar. 
 
 Residence. — Himmodh, Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 RAM CHARAN DAS, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 A Banker and Honorary Magistrate of Allahabad. Was granted the 
 title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893. 
 Residence. — Allahabad, North-Western Provinces. 
 
440 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 RAM DAS RAI CHAUDHRI, Rat Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th Februar)' 1887, 
 on the occasion of tlie Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — Belgharia, Bengal. 
 
 RAM DATT (of Murwara), Thdkur. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Thakur is Tdlukddr of Murwdra, an estate 
 comprising thirty-one villages. 
 
 Residence. — Murwira, Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 RAM GATI MUKARJI, Rat Bahddur. 
 
 Has long been a distinguished officer of the railway branch of the Public 
 Works Department, and has done excellent service, both famine and other, 
 while Manager of the Nalhati State Railway. Received the title on ist 
 January 1891. 
 
 Residence. — Nalhdti, Bengal 
 
 RAM KISHAN, LALA (of Lahore), Rat Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1887. 
 Residence. — Kashmir. 
 
 RAM KISHAN DAS, Rat Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1886. 
 Residence. — Delhi, Punjab. 
 
 RAM KRISHNA TARKALANKAR, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Has rendered good service to Government, and received the title, as a 
 personal distinction, on 25th May 1892. 
 
 Residence. — Hughli, Bengal. 
 
 RAM LAL CHAKRAVARTTI, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Born 30th May 1843. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, 
 on 1 2th November 1888, for eminent medical services in connection with 
 Lady Lyall's Medical School, Lucknow. The Rai Bahddur belongs to a 
 Brdhnian (;imily of high rank in Bengal, and holds the rank of Assistant 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Ouclh. 
 
 RAM NARAYAN DAS, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 7th January 1869, 
 for distinguished services in the Medical Department. 
 A'lsideiiiC. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 441 
 
 RAM NARAYAN SINGH (of Kharindwa), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sarddr belongs to the distinguished Sikh 
 family descended from Sardar Khushal Singh, who seized the town of 
 Jalandhar, and made large conquest in the Jalandhar country about the year 
 1756. His grandson, Sardar Lai Singh, was the father of Sardar Ram 
 Narayan Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Kharindwa, Amb;ila, Punjab. 
 
 RAM NATH, Dhvdn. 
 
 Born 1844. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Brahman family of 
 Kashmir ; descended from the Raja Dina Nath, who has been styled " the 
 Talleyrand of the Punjab," and was one of the most remarkable men who 
 rose to power in the latter days of the Sikh Empire. During the latter 
 portion of the reign of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Raja Dina Nath was 
 consulted on every occasion of importance, and he retained his influence 
 during the succeeding reigns. After the Sutlej campaign (the first Sikh war) 
 he was appointed a Member of tlie Council of Regency, and in 1847 
 received the title of Raja of Kalanaur. Diwan Ram Nath is his grandson, 
 and is an Extra Assistant Commissioner in the Punjab Commission. He 
 has a son and heir, Kelas Nath. 
 
 Residence.— hOaoxe., Punjab. 
 
 RAM PARSHAD (late of Patna), Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1 8th July 1830. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, 
 on I St January 1889, in recognition of his long and meritorious services as a 
 Judge. He rendered good service during the time of the Mutiny of 1857, 
 and retired on pension in 1S86. He belongs to a Kayastha family. 
 
 Residence. — Benares, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 RAM RANJAN CHAKRAVARTTI (of Hetdmpur), Rdjd Bahddur. 
 
 The title of Raja Bahadur was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist 
 January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty as Empress of India. Belongs to a Brahman family of high rank, 
 descended from Muralidhar Chakravartti of Hetampur in Birbhum district, 
 Bengal. His son was Chaitanya Charan Chakravartti ; and the grandson, 
 Bipra Charan Chakravartti, of the latter was the grandfather of the present 
 Raja Bahadur. In 1875 the title of Raja was bestowed on Raja Ram 
 Ranjan Chakravartti Bahadur as a reward for services rendered during the 
 famine of 1873-74, and also for his hberahty and public spirit in relieving 
 the poor in the famine of 1866-67. The Raja of Hetampur has three sons — 
 Kumar Nritya Niranjan Chakravartti, Satya Niranjan Chakravartti, and 
 Mahima Ranjan Chakravartti. 
 
 Residence. — Hetampur, Birbhum, Bengal. 
 
 RAM RATAN SETH (of Mian Mir), Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1877, 
 on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India. His father, the late Bansi Lai, rendered good service to 
 
442 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 the Government with the Sagar Field Division in 1859, and received the 
 title of Rai Bahadur as a reward in that year. He has since died, and has 
 been succeeded by his son, Rai Ratan Seth Bahadur, who has made large 
 donations to deserving objects of public charity. He is a banker of Mian 
 Mir. 
 
 Residence. — Mian Mir, Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 RAM SARAN SINGH (of Kot Khai), Rand. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Simla, Punjab. 
 
 RAM SHA, RdjJ. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Raja being the descendant and representative 
 of the ancient Gond Kings of Chdnda. He succeeded the late Gond Raja, 
 Gadosha, who was born about the year 1827, and was the great-grandson in 
 the direct line of Nilkantsha, the last ruling Gond King. He possesses a 
 seal granted by the Emperor of Delhi in 1719 a.d. to his ancestor. Raja 
 Ram Singh, in which the latter is styled " Raja Rdm Singh, highest-class 
 vassal of Muhammad Ghazi, Emperor." The Rijd Ram Sha is generally 
 styled " The Gond Rdjl" 
 
 Residence. — Chanda, Central Provinces. 
 
 RAM SHANELAR SEN, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1 6th July 1S29. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, 
 on I St January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty as Empress of India, when he also was awarded a Medal of 
 Honour. Belongs to a Vaidya family (medical caste). Educated at Comillah 
 School (Tipperah district) and Dacca College, where he was a Senior Scholar, 
 1847-50. Appointed to the Bengal Education Seri-ice in 1853, and trans- 
 ferred to the Executive Ser\'ice of Bengal in 1858. Has received the special 
 thanks of Government on many occasions, and been a highly meritorious 
 officer. His Report on the Agricultural Statistics of Jessore was printed and 
 circulated as a G.overnment Record. Appointed a Member of the Legislative 
 Council of Bengal, 1876. Retired from the service in 1887 on a special 
 pension, granted for "unusually meritorious senicc " during thirty-five years, 
 under the orders of the Secretary of State. 
 
 Residences. — Calcutta and Mdnikganj, Dacca. 
 
 RAM SINGH (of Rampura), Rdjd. 
 Born 8th November 1S66. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a 
 Surajbansi family, or family of the Solar race, claiming descent from the 
 illustrious Kachhwdha clan of Rdjputs, through the princely Houses of Jaipur, 
 Narwar, and Lahar. The descendants of Kusa, son of the legendary hero 
 Rama, ruled successively at Amber and Narwar, and in modern times at 
 Jaipur and I^har. In 16 19 a. p. the Rdjd Jaswant Singh, a scion of the 
 ruling family of l^ihar, obtained from the Mughal Emperor of Delhi a con- 
 siderable y'(/i,7> in the district of Jalaun ; but a large part of these possessions 
 was resumed by Sindhia. When the Pargand of Jalaun was made over to 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 443 
 
 the British by Sindhia in 1844 the Raja of Ranipura was confirmed in his 
 property. The late Raja Man Singh rendered valuable services to the 
 Government during the Mutiny in 1857, and in June 1858 his property 
 was plundered by the rebels, and he himself narrowly escaped. On the 
 restoration of order he received a valuable khilat from Government, as well 
 as a sanad. On his death he was succeeded by his adopted son, the present 
 Raja, who is an Honorary Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Rdmpura, Pargand Madhogarh, Jalaun, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 RAM SINGH, Rat. 
 
 Born 1874. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a family descended 
 from the Thakur Gopal Rai, who obtained the title of Rai from the Emperor 
 Muhammad Shah of Delhi, together with a large jdgir, in consideration of 
 services rendered in defeating the Raja of Bhirya. The present Rai is a 
 minor. 
 
 Residence. — Akbarpur, Cawnpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 RAM SINGH (of ShAmgarh), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1833. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Jat family of Sikh 
 Sardars, descended from Sardar Kirpal Singh, who came originally from the 
 village of Godab near Bhatinda, and in 1763 a.d. took possession of Sham- 
 garh, where he built a fort. His daughters and nieces were married to the 
 following distinguished chiefs — (i) Raja Partab Singh, son of Raja Bhag 
 Singh of Jind ; (2) Sardar Banka Singh of Thaneswar; (3) Sardar Budh 
 Singh, Singhpuria; (4) Sardar Saheb Singh of Ladwa ; and (5) the Bhai of 
 Arnauli. He was one of the iirst Chiefs who joined Lord Lake after the 
 occupation of Karnal by the British. His son Avas Sardar Dewa Singh, 
 father of the present Sardar. Sardar Ram Singh rendered good service to 
 Government during the Mutiny of 1857. He has a son and heir, Sardar 
 Gurdit Singh, born 1858. 
 
 Residence. — Shdmgarh, Karndl, Punjab. 
 
 RAM SINGH (of Salalah), Sarddr. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Jdlandhar, Punjab. 
 
 RAM SINGH (of Koh4ria), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Belongs to a family of Sikh Sardars of Brahman 
 descent. The late Sardar Kahan Singh, father of the present Sardar, was a 
 chief of great local influence, who showed his loyalty during the Mutiny of 
 1857 by remaining in constant attendance on the Chief Commissioner, and 
 gave considerable assistance by providing men and horses for the Punjab levies. 
 He was present with the British force during the Montgomery outbreak. 
 He was succeeded by his son, the present Sardar. The latter has a son and 
 heir, Mihan Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Kohdria, Gujrit, Punjab. 
 
444 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 RAM SINGH (of Lakhnadon), Thdkur. 
 
 The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred by the ancient 
 Gond Rajas, maintained throughout the Mahratta rule, and re-conferred by the 
 British Government. Belongs to a Lodhi family, descended from Ghdzi 
 Shdh, who obtained the title from the Gond Raja. His son Chintaman had 
 a son named Thdkur Nawal Singh. In direct lineal descent from him was 
 the^late Thdkur, Tiket Singh, born about the year 1791. He was succeeded 
 by his son, the present Thdkur. 
 
 Residence. — Lakhnadon, Seoni, Central Provinces. 
 
 RAM SINGH (of Khenda), Thdkur. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Thdkur belongs to an ancient family, claim- 
 ing descent in fourteen generations from the Thdkur Hindu Singh of Pendra 
 and Khenda. The present Thdkur inherited the title from the Tliakurdni 
 Mussamat Taj Kunwar. That lady was born about the year 1845, and was 
 the Zamiiiddn'n of Khenda. 
 
 Residence. — Khenda, Bilaspur, Central Provinces. 
 
 RAM SINGH (of Bhdmgarh), Rao. 
 
 The title is hereditar)-, the Rao being one of the Chiefs of the Nimdr 
 district. 
 
 Resilience. — Bhdmgarh, Nim.ir, Central Provinces. 
 
 RAM SUNDAR GHOSH, Rat Bahddur. 
 
 Born 17th June 1824. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, 
 on i6th A|)ril 1875, '" recognition of long and meritorious service in the 
 Indian Medical Department. Son of the late Bdbu Ganga Ndrdyan Ghosh ; 
 educated in the Hughli College (where he took the Gold Medal in the 
 Junior Scholarship examination), and subsequently in the Calcutta Medical 
 College (medallist and prizeman, 1847). Entered Government Medical 
 Service, i6th June 1847. Has been in Medical charge of various regiments 
 (17th and 1 8th Irregular Cavalr)-, NLahva Bhil Cori)s, etc.), and of various 
 civil stations (Ambdla, Lcia, Dera Ghdzi Khdn, etc.). He received the 
 special thanks of Government on many occasions for exceptionally good 
 service, and retired in 1883 on a special pension, awarded under the orders 
 of the Secretary of State. Since his retirement he has established a school 
 at his native village, Rajibpur ; and has constructed a road of six miles in 
 length there. He has two sons. 
 
 Rcsidi-thw — Rajibpur, Barasat, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 445 
 
 RAMA DIKSHITA APTE, Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th February 1887, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty, 
 for eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in Darbar 
 immediately after titular Rajas. 
 
 Residence. — Poona, Bombay. 
 
 RAMA RAO, T., Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1S39. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th 
 February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty. Is a distinguished Member of the Madras Bar ; was 
 Member of the Legislative Council of Madras, 1881-87; appointed a 
 Fellow of the Madras University, 1886. 
 
 Residence Triplicane, Madras. 
 
 RAMA RAO, T., CLE. 
 
 Prime Minister of Travancore. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire in 1891. Bears the courtesy title of "His Excellency " as Diwan 
 (or Prime Minister) of His Highness the Maharajd of Travancore. 
 
 Residence. — Trivandrum, Travancore, Madras. 
 
 RAMA SUBBAIYAR, S. R., Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1853. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist 
 June 1888. Is a distinguished Member of the Madras Bar. 
 Residence. — Madura, Madras. 
 
 RAMA VARMA RAJA, Rdjd. 
 
 Born 18 16. The title is hereditary. Is the head of a Samanta family 
 descended from a follower of the ancestor of the Maharajas of Travancore. 
 The family follows the Marumakkatayam law of inheritance, by which the 
 succession is with the offspring of its female members, amongst whom the 
 next eldest male is always the heir-apparent of the Raja. The family 
 tradition is that its earliest ancestor was one of those chieftains among whom 
 Cheraman Paramal, the last Emperor of Malabar, divided his dominions. Its 
 principal seat was situated at the south-western foot of the Pandalur Hill in 
 the Walawanad Taluk ; and the Raja bears the hereditary title of Vallabha 
 or Valiya Raja of Walawanad. The family once ruled the country from 
 Perengotri on the east to Trikolam on the west, and from Wandur on the 
 north to the river Tiruvagapura on the south. They were continually 
 involved in disputes and wars with the Zamorins of Calicut. On the 
 country passing under the control of the British Government, it had long 
 been harassed by bands of Moplah robbers ; and consequently the Raja made 
 over its possession to the Government, obtaining a considerable pension in 
 lieu of it. 
 
 Residence. — Angadipuram, Malabar, Madras. 
 
446 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 RAMA VARMA RAJA, Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1 85 1. The title is hereditary-. Is the head of a Kshatriya family 
 descended from a follower of the ancestor of the Maharajas ; and is styled 
 the Vallabha or Valiya Haja of Beypore. The family follows the 
 Marumakkatayam law of inheritance, by which the succession is with the 
 offspring of its female members, amongst whom the next eldest male is 
 always the heir-apparent of the Raja. The Raja of Beypore receives from 
 Government a malikhdna or pension as compensation for the estate which 
 belonged to his ancestors. 
 
 Residence. — Beypore, Malabar, Madras. 
 
 RAMAI SINGH, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal honour, on 12th March 1875, '" 
 recognition of eminent services rendered during the famine of 1873-74. 
 
 Residence. — Kenisa, MuzaiTarpur, Bengal. 
 
 RAMAS, MIAN KALUMIAN BAPUMIAN, Mian of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 13th November 1864: succeeded to the gadi as a minor 29th 
 June 1874. Belongs to a Muhammadan family, claiming descent from the 
 Jhala Rajputs of Halwar in Kdthiawdr. Mian Harisinghji was in the 
 service of Shah Mahmud Begara of Gujarat and became a Musalman in 
 the year 1483 a.d. The late Bapumian, Mian of Ramas, was a lineal 
 descendant of Mian Harisinghji; he died in 1874, and was succeeded by 
 his son, the present Mian, then a minor. The State, which pays a tribute 
 to Baroda, has an area of about 40 square miles; and a population of 1745, 
 chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Ramis, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 RAMASWAMI CHETTIYAR, Rai Bahidur. 
 
 Born 1834. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th 
 February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty, in recognition of his services to the Madras Municipality. 
 Was appointed Vice -Chairman of the Madras Municipal Commission in 
 1879. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 RAMASWAMI MUDALIYAR, SALEM, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1889. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 447 
 
 RAMASWAMI MUDALIYAR, SIR SAVALAI, KNIGHT, C.I.E., 
 
 Rdjd. 
 
 The title of Raja was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 
 1 89 1, in recognition of his public spirit and services. Is a Madras 
 merchant, and was a Member of the Madras Municipal Commission in 
 1877. Created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire in 1885. Served as Sheriff of Madras in 1886-87, ^'^^ '" that 
 capacity received the honour of Knighthood on the occasion of the Jubilee 
 of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty in 1887. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 RAMBILAS, POKARMAL, Rao Saheb. 
 
 Born 1840. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist 
 June 1 888, in recognition of long and meritorious service as a Municipal 
 Commissioner of Amraoti, Berar. His family have been Bankers in a good 
 position for several generations under the government of His Highness the 
 Nizam. Dhanraj Pokarmal, the Rao Saheb's grandfather, was the first 
 Banker of Amraoti, and was killed by the populace in some corn-riots in a 
 time of scarcity in 1845. His son, Pokarmal Rambilas, was the Banker of 
 the Nawab Mubarak, brother of His late Highness the Nizam. His son was 
 the Rao Saheb Rambilas Pokarmal, who was married in 1852. 
 
 Residence. — Amraoti, Berar. 
 
 RAMCHAND RAO (of Jaisinghnagar), Rao. 
 
 Born 1837. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a family descended 
 from the former rulers of the district of Sagar. In 1829 the Pargana of 
 Jaisinghnagar was made over to the Rao Ganpat Rao, then head of the 
 family, on a ten years' farming lease, as compensation for his name having 
 been excluded by intrigues in the Sagar Court from the pension list. In 
 1834 Ganpat Rao became the Tdlukddr ; and died in 1843. ^^ ^^^ 
 succeeded by his son, the Rao Anant Rao ; and the latter by the present 
 Rao. 
 
 Residence. — Jaisinghnagar, Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 RAMCHANDAR DEO DHUBAL, Rdjd. 
 
 Born about the year 1863. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a 
 Rajput family long settled in the Raj of Dalbhum, Singhbhum, Bengal. 
 Residence. — Ddlbhum, Singhbhum, Bengal. 
 
 RAMCHANDAR RAO, Rao Saheb. 
 
 Born 27th February 1840. The title is hereditary. The Rao Saheb 
 belongs to a family whose founder was the Rao Benaik (or Vinayak) Rao, 
 Prime Minister of the late Mahratta ruler of Sagar district. Vinayak Rao 
 came originally from the Deccan, and was appointed at first a Mdmlaiddr 
 
448 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 by the Mahratta Government. He also obtained the titles of Rao Saheb 
 and Subahdir. At the time of the cession he was granted a political 
 pension, and smaller pensions have been continued to his grandsons. The 
 Rao Saheb has a son and heir, the Rao Vinayak Rao Saheb Subahdar. 
 Residence. — Sigar, Central Provinces. 
 
 RAMCHANDEA NABAYAN MANTRI (of Bagni), Ajahat Sir 
 
 Deshmukh. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Sdtdra, Bombay. 
 
 RAMCHANDRA NARAYAN PANDIT, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 14th Januar)- 
 1888. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 RAMCHANDRA TRIMBAK ACHARIYA, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1889. 
 Residence. — Thana, Bombay. 
 
 RAMDIN (of Paila), Rat Bahddur. 
 
 Bom 1838. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 21st 
 February 1873, in recognition of services rendered during the Mutiny of 
 1857 by his late father, Rai Tila Ram. Belongs to a family that came 
 from Kanauj many centuries ago, and settled in Paila. As a reward for his 
 loyalty during the .Mutiny, part of the confiscated estates of the rebel Raja 
 Son Singh of Mithauli were conferred on him. 
 
 Residence. — Paila, Kheri, Gudh. 
 
 RAMDURG, VYANKAT RAO YOGIRAO BHAVE, Sachiv of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1877; succeeded to the gadi as a minor nth Februar)' 1878. 
 Belongs to a Brahman Hindu family. The fort of Ramdurg or Ramdrug was 
 a very strong one, and was placed by the Peshwas in charge of the ancestors 
 of the present Chief, on condition of military service. It was conquered by 
 the Sultan Haidar Ali of Mysore in 1778; and in 1784 Tippu Sult.in 
 carried off the Chief and his family as prisoners to Mysore. After the fall 
 of Seringapatam and the death of Tippu in 1799, Ram Rao, then Sachiv 
 Chief, was again jilaced in possession of Rdmdurg as a vassal of the Peshw.-i. 
 His sons were Vyankat Kao and Naniyan Rao, who succeeded to equal 
 shares of the paternal jdgirs, and in 1 8 1 8 came under British control. The 
 State has an area of 140 square miles ; and a population of 29,570, chiefly 
 Hindus, but including 1903 Muhanimadans. The Chief maintains a 
 military force of 13 cavalry, 455 infantr)', and i gun. 
 
 Residence. — Rdmdurg, Southern Mahratta Country-, Bombay. 
 
 I 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 449 
 
 RAMENDRA KRISHNA, Kumar. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i8th July 1861, in 
 recognition of his position as the second son of the late Raja Harendra 
 Krishna Deb Bahadur, of the Sobha Bazar family. The latter was the son 
 of the late Raja Kali Krishna Deb Bahadur, and nephew of the Maharaja 
 Sir Narendra Krishna Deb Bahadur, K.C.I.E. {q.v.) 
 
 Resilience. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
 RAMBNDRALALA MITRA, Kumar. 
 
 Born 26th November 1S64; is the eldest son and heir of the late Raja 
 Rajendralala Mitra Bahadur, D.L., CLE., of Calcutta, the most famous of 
 modern Indian scholars and authors. Belongs to a family of great antiquity ; 
 whose ancestor, Kalidasa Mitra, came from Kanauj to the Court of King 
 Adisur of Bengal, and was ennobled by that monarch. Eighteenth in direct 
 lineal descent from Kalidasa was Ayodhyarama, who was a Diwdn in the 
 service of the Nawab Nazim of Murshidabad, and received from the latter the 
 title of Rai Bahadur. His grandson, Pitambara, was the vaizil of the Nawab 
 Vazir of Oudh at the Court of Delhi ; he obtained a considerable jdgir at 
 Kurah, near Allahabad, with the titles of Raja Bahadur and Sehazdrimaii- 
 sabddr, or commander of 3000 horse. The great-grandson of Pitambara was 
 the late Raja Rajendralala Mitra ; whose learned works on Sanskrit, on the 
 Antiquities of Orissa, and on many other subjects, obtained for him a world- 
 wide fame. He was the first Fellow of the University of Calcutta who was 
 honoured with the degree of D.L., honoris causa ; which was conferred upon 
 him in March 1876. He was granted the title of Rai Bahadur as a personal 
 distinction on ist January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India; and on the institution of the 
 Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, ist January 1878, he was 
 created one of the first Companions. Ten years later, ist January 1888, he 
 received the title of Raja as a personal distinction. His sons are — the Kumar 
 Ramendralala Mitra, subject of the present notice ; and the Kumar Mahen- 
 dralala Mitra, born 21st October 1870, married in 1891 to Sarala, eldest 
 daughter of Babu Brahmanath Sen of Calcutta. The tide of Kumar is a 
 courtesy one. Kumar Ramendralala was educated at the Metropolitan 
 Institution, and the Presidency College of the Calcutta University (B.A. 1886, 
 B.L. 1888). He married, in 1887, Kundanandini, fourth daughter of Babu 
 Gopala Chandra Basu of Chandernagore, who died in 1890, without issue. 
 
 The arms adopted by the family are — A circular Indian shield, azure, 
 bordered with a serpent {ndga) with its tail in its mouth, art^cnt, surrounded 
 by a wreath of the leaves of the sacred tnlsi, or, and bearing in the centre a 
 figure of a bird volant, or. The bird carries on its wings a plough and a club 
 crossed, or. From the beak of the bird hangs a fillet, or. Motto. — Satya- 
 meba jayati iidnritam (Sanskrit), meaning — " Verily Truth prevails and not 
 Untruth." 
 
 Residences. — Calcutta and Baidyanath. 
 
 RAMESHWAR BAKHSH SINGH (of Birsinghpur), Rdjd. 
 
 Born i6th June 1875. The title is hereditary. The Raja is the head 
 of the elder branch of the powerful Amethia family. This Kshatriya family 
 
 2 G 
 
4SO THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 is a branch of the Chamar Gaurs ; and is said to be descended from a 
 pregnant Gaur widow, who on the extirpation of the Kshatriyas by the 
 Brahmans took refuge in a Chamar's hut The memory of this humble 
 refuge is kept alive in the family by the worship of the rapt, the cobbler's 
 cutting-tool. Tradition places them first at Shiupuri, and afterwards at the 
 celebrated fortress of Kdlinjar. About the time of the invasion of Timur, 
 Raipal Singh, grandson of the Raja Prithi Chand of Kalinjar, left the 
 ancestral home and settled at Aniethi in the Lucknow district. The 
 tradition in the family is that he was sent by the Emperor of Delhi to 
 suppress a rebellion in Oudh ; and that he defeated and slew Balbhadra Sen, 
 a Bishan Raja, for which he received the title of Raja of Amethia, and the 
 family cognomen of "Amethia." Towards the end of the 15th century 
 three brothers of this family, the sons of Raja Jamdhar Singh, made further 
 conquests ; and the eldest of these. Raja Uingar Singh, was the ancestor of 
 the Kumrawan Rajas — the youngest. Ram Singh, being the ancestor of the 
 Amethia Raja, Bhagwan Bakhsh of Pokhra Ansari {q.v^ Seventeenth in 
 lineal descent from Raja Dingar Singh is the present Raja, Rameshwar 
 Bakhsh Singh of Birsinghpur. 
 
 Residence. — Sheogarh, Pargand Kumrawan, Rae Bareli, Oudh. 
 
 RAMESHWAR SINGH (of Darbhanga), Rdjd BaMdur. 
 
 Born 1 6th January i860. Is the younger son of the late Mahdrdja 
 Maheshwar Singh Bahadur of Darbhanga, and younger brother of His 
 Highness the present Maharajd Bahddur — under whose name see an account 
 of the history of this noble family. The late Mahdrdjd died very shortly 
 after the birth of his younger son, and the Rdj came under the management 
 of the Court of Wards, ^\■as educated, with his elder brother, the young 
 Mahardj;i, under the care of Mr. Chester Macnaghten, Principal of the 
 Rajkumar College of Rajkot, and other private tutors, and also in College. 
 Attained his majority in 187S, when he was nominated to the Bengal Civil 
 Service, and served with much credit successively as Assistant Magistrate 
 of Darbhanga, of Chhapra, and of Bhagalpur, when he retired from the 
 Service. In 1886 he was created a Rdjd Bahddur in recognition of his 
 high rank and position, as the brother of one of the first Chiefs of Bengal ; 
 was exempted from personal attendance in the Civil Courts, and appointed 
 a Member of the Legislative Council of Bengal. 
 
 Residence. — Darbhanga, Tirhut, Bengal. 
 
 RAMGARH, THAKUR MAN SINGH, Tluikur of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1847; succeeded to the gadi 9th April 1863. Belongs to a 
 Rdjput (Hindu) family. 
 
 Rcsiili-iiiC. — Ramgarh, Bhop.il, Central India. 
 
 RAMJI GANQAJI BHORE, Rao Saheb. 
 The title was conferred, as a iiersonai distinction, on ist June 18S8. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 451 
 
 RAMJI GOVIND, Jiao Saheb. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th May 1889. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 RAMKRISHNA GOPAL BHANDARKAR, CLE. 
 
 Born 6th July 1837. Educated at Ratnagiri Government English School 
 and Elphinstone College, Bombay; B.A 1862, M.A. 1863, Examination 
 Degree in 1866; Dakshina Fellow in Elphinstone and Poona College, 
 January 1859— August 1864; Head-Master High School, Hyderabad (Sind) 
 and Ratnagiri, August 1864-December 1869 ; Acting Professor of Oriental 
 Languages, Elphinstone and Deccan College, and Assistant Professor of 
 Sanskrit, Elphinstone College, January 1869— December 1881 ; Professor 
 of Oriental Languages, Deccan College, Poona, January 1882 ; Hon. Ph.D. 
 (Gottingen), 1885; Hon. M.R.A.S. London, 1874; Corr. M. Germ. Or. Soc. 
 1887 ; Hon. M. Amer. Or. Soc. 1887 ; Hon. M. Asiat. S. of Italy, 1887 ; 
 Corr. ^L Imperial Ac. of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 1888. Created a 
 Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, January 
 1889. Author and editor of Sanskrit literary and antiquarian works ; 
 and of articles in the Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic 
 Society, the Indian Antiquary, and Transactions of International Oriental 
 Congress, London 1874, and Vienna 1886; Fellow University of Bombay, 
 and Syndic in Arts, 1873- 1884. Is also a Fellow of the University of 
 Calcutta. He has three sons — (i) Shridhar, born December 1858, M.A. 
 (Bombay) 1882, Assistant Registrar, University, Bombay; (2) Prabhakar, 
 born November 1862, B.A. 1882, L.M. and S. 1888; (3) Devadatta, born 
 November 1875. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 RAMNAD, RAJA BHASKARA SBTUPATI, Rdjd of. 
 
 Born 1868; attained his majority in 1889. Is the head of the Maravar 
 family or caste, and by custom entitled to affix the title of " Setupati " or 
 "lord of the causeway" (alluding to Adam's Bridge between Ceylon and 
 India) to his name. Pokalur, now a small hamlet on the Madura road, 
 ten miles north-west of Ramnad, was formerly the family seat ; but about 
 the commencement of the i8th century they moved to Ramnad and 
 fortified it. In 1729 the great Zamiiiddri of Sivagunga was wrested from 
 the then Setupati by a rebellious vassal. This territory came under the 
 British Power by the treaty of 1792, with the dominions of the other 
 pdlegdrs dependent on the Suhahddri or Governorship of Arcot. In 1795 
 the Rajd was deposed for rebellion, and sent as a prisoner to Madras : 
 and in 1803 his elder sister was placed in possession of the estates. 
 
 Residence. — Rimnid, Madura, Madras. 
 
 RAMNARAYAN SINGH (of Khaii-a), Rdjd. 
 
 Bom 1848. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 
 
 ist January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most 
 
 Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. Belongs to a Rajput family that 
 
 came into Bengal in early ages from Rewah in Central India. Nirbhai 
 
452 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Singh was succeeded by his son, Mahendra Narayan Singh, who was the 
 father of the present Raja. The Raja rendered good service in the time 
 of the famine of 1873-74. He has two sons — Kumdr Sri Nariyan Singh 
 and Kartik Narayan Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Khaira, Monghyr, Bengal. 
 
 RAMPAL (of Kutlahr), Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Rdja is the head of a very ancient family 
 of Rajputs that were formerly rulers in Kutlahr, according to the local 
 traditions, for forty generations. The first Rajd of Kutlahr came from 
 Sanibhal, Moradabad, North-Western Provinces. In the time of the Katoch 
 Chief ("ihamand Chand, grandfather of Sansar Chand, half of the Kutlahr 
 principality had been annexed to Kangra ; and in Sansar Chand's time 
 all the Rdja's possessions were lost. Subsequently, when Sansar Chand was 
 hard pressed by the Gurkhas, the Rdjd of Kutlalir was able to recover his 
 ancestral fortress of Kotwal Bah, on the second range of hills overlooking 
 the Sutlej. In 1825 this fortress was besieged by the Sikhs, and surrendered 
 by the Rdjd on the promise of a considerable yrfi^>, which the family enjoys 
 to the present time. The Rdjd has a son, born about 1876. 
 
 Residence. — Kutlahr, Kdngra, Punjab. 
 
 RAMPAL SINGH (of Kori SidhauH), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 6th August 1S67. The title is hereditary. Belongs to the 
 Naihesta branch of the great Bais Tilokchandi clan of Rdjputs — to which 
 also belong the Rdnd Sir Shankar Bakhsh Singh, K.C.I.E., of Thalrai 
 (^.c'.), the Rdjd Sheopal Singh of Murarmau {q.v.), and other Barons of 
 Oudh. The two grandsons of Harhardeo, second son of Tilok Chand, were 
 Khem Karan, ancestor of the Simbasi Rdnds of Thalrai, and Karan Rai, 
 ancestor of this Naihesta family. The latter's two sons, Har Singh Rai and 
 Bir Singh Rai, established themselves in the Unao district of Oudh, taking 
 their family name from the village of Naihesta in the Bihdr Pargand of 
 Unao. At the time of the invasion by Nawdb Saddat Khdn, and the 
 establishment of his dynasty in Oudh, Rdjd Sddak Singh was Chief of Kori 
 Sidhauli, and was a leader of great influence. His two sons died without 
 issue, and a cousin, Inayat Ali, who had been converted to Muhamniadanism, 
 was adopted, and became Rdjd. His son, Rdjd Drigpdl Singh, returned to 
 the religion of his ancestors, but the family still retain one Muhammadan 
 fashion, viz. as to the side on which they fashion their chapkans or tunics. 
 Rdjd Drigpdl Singh's grandson, Rdjd Hindpdl Singh, was the grandfather 
 of the present Rdjd. The latter has been educated at the .Migarh College. 
 
 Residence. — Kori Sidhauli, Bachrdwan, Kai Barcli, Oudh. 
 
 RAMPAL SINGH (of Rampur Dharupur), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 22nd August 1849. The title of Rdjd was conferred by the late 
 Wajid Ali Shdh, last King of Oudh, on Rdjd Hanwant Singh, maternal 
 grandfather of the jiresent Rdjd, and was recognised by (lOvernnient as 
 hereditary in December 1877. Belongs to the Bisen family; descended, 
 according to tradition, from Mewai Bhdt, a devotee, whose representative 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 453 
 
 in the hundred and fifteenth generation is said to be the present Raja of 
 Majhauli in the Gorakhpur district of the North-Western Provinces. The 
 Oudh branch of the family includes the Raja Udai Partab Singh of Bhinga, 
 and the Rai Sarabjit Singh of Bhadri, as well as the Raja Rampal Singh 
 of Rampur Dharupur. They state that the Oudh branch broke off from 
 Majhauli — whose Raja they still recognise as their Chief — in the person 
 of Rai Hum, a son of the Majhauli Raja, who, about the year 1193 a.d., 
 is said to have migrated into Oudh, and settled there under the protection 
 of the powerful Manik Chand, Garhwar Raja of Manikpur. Rai Raghu, 
 fourth in descent from Rai Hum, obtained some lands at Derwa. There 
 were constant feuds between the Bisens of Derwa and the Kanhpurias 
 of Kaithola {see Jaibans Kunwar, Rani of Kaithola), who became the 
 hereditary enemies of the clan. In 1748, in the time of the Nawab Safdar 
 Jang, the Nazim at Manikpur attempted to introduce a raiyahvdri settle- 
 ment ; whereon the Bisens rose in rebellion, attacked the Nazim at Manikpur, 
 and slew him. In 1839 Lai Han want Singh built a fort at Kaldkankar, 
 on the banks of the Ganges, and surrounded it with a canal from 
 the Ganges, so as to be surrounded by the waters of the sacred stream. 
 In 1849 he was made a Raja by the King of Oudh. At the out- 
 break of the Mutiny in 1857 Raja Hanwant Singh did good service by 
 saving the treasure of the iahsil, and the lives of some British officers. The 
 latter he sheltered in his fort from the nth to the 22nd June 1857 ; and 
 having seen them in safety to Allahabad — a service for which he was after- 
 wards rewarded by a khilat and a valuable jdgb- — he returned to his fort 
 " to maintain to the last an obstinate but manly and gallant resistance to 
 the reoccupation of the Province " by the British forces. His only son, 
 Partab Singh, was killed in action at Chanda in Sultanpur, fighting against 
 Colonel Broughton's force. At the restoration of order, the Raja submitted 
 and was pardoned, and in i860 invested with the powers of an Assistant 
 Magistrate and Collector. The present Raja is the son of Raja Hanwant 
 Singh's daughter. He has resided many years in England, and is an 
 Honorary Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — KdJikankar, Pargand Rdmpur, Partdbgarh; Oudh. 
 
 RAMPARTAB SINGH (of Mainpuri), Rdjd. 
 
 Born nth November 1849. The title was conferred, as a personal 
 distinction, on loth December 1868 — the con- 
 ferment being apparently in the nature of the 
 revival, in a personal form, of ancient honours 
 forfeited by the late Raja Tej Singh for rebellion in 
 the time of the Mutiny of 1857. The Raja is 
 the head of one of the noblest and most ancient 
 families of India, being the acknowledged Chief 
 of the illustrious Chauhan clan of Rajputs, and 
 thirty-fourth in direct descent from the great 
 Prithiraj, last Hindu Emperor of Delhi. Raja 
 The Santak of the Chauhan Khushal Singh of Rajaur ((].v.) is also a descendant 
 
 Rdjputs, called C/m^'rrt, used - , . - ., , .i -n ' ■ ' A T Ll o' u r 
 
 in the seal and for signature. 01 this family; as also the Raja Mohkam bmgn OI 
 
 (.4 circle with four 7"r;i»&s or Partdpner (tj.v.), and other Chiefs. Eighth in 
 
 dinai polnu.)^^ " " ^ "^^ descent from Prithiraj was the famous Bhoj Raj 
 
454 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 and his grandson, Rdjd Awadh Rdm Deo, had two sons, of whom the 
 elder, Lakshman Singh, was the ancestor of this family. Eighth in descent 
 from the latter was the Raja Bhupal Deo, who had two sons, Udaicharan and 
 Yahani Sahai ; the latter was the ancestor of the Rdjds of Rajaur, the former 
 of the Rajas of Mainpuri. One of his descendants, the Rdjd Jagatman, 
 drove out the Chirar tribe and occupied Mainpuri, assuming the title of Raja. 
 At the time of the cession to the British, Dale] Singh was Rdjd, and he was 
 confirmed in the Raj. He died in 1829, and was succeeded by the Rdjd 
 Ganga Singh. The latter was followed in 1849 by Narpat Singh, who only 
 survived his father by two years. Disputes and litigation as to the suc- 
 cession then arose. Tej Singh was adjudged the rightful successor by the 
 local Courts, and entered into possession as Rdjd Tej Singh ; but his uncle, 
 Rao Bhawdni Singh, appealed to the Privy Council against the decision. 
 Meanwhile the Mutiny of 1857 broke out; Tej Singh joined the rebels, 
 and the Rdj and all the Rajd's estates were confiscated, and subsequently 
 bestowed on Rao Rhawani Singh. The latter for his loyalty was created a 
 Companion of the Most E.xalted Order of the Star of India ; and on his 
 death in 1868 was succeeded by his son, the present Rdjd. The Rdjd 
 of Mainpuri has a son, Kunwar Shib Mangal Singh, born 1873. 
 
 Residence. — Mainpuri, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 RAMPARTAB SINGH (of MAnda), Hdjd. 
 
 Born i860. The title is hereditary. The Rdjd, who is married to 
 a daughter of the Mahdrdjd of Dumraon in Bengal (Sir Radha Prasad Singh, 
 K.C.I.E., q.v.), belongs to a family of Gaharwdr Rdjputs, claiming descent 
 from the famous Rdjd Jai Chand, the last of the Rahtor Emperors of 
 Kanauj, who was conquered and slain by Shahdb-ud-din Ghori in 11 94 a.d. 
 One branch of the family having fled to Rdjputana, there to found the 
 princely Houses of Jodhpur, Bikanir, and Jaisalmir, another branch settled 
 in Kera .Mangraur, near Benares. A scion of this latter branch, named 
 Kundan Deo, left the Benares country and established himself in Kantit 
 and Mdnda about the year 1542 a.d. ; and one of his sons, Bharaj Deo, 
 became the first Rdjd of Mdnda. One of his descendants, Rdjd Udit Singh, 
 is said to have defeated with great loss Chhote Khan, the Subahddr of 
 Oudh, who came against him with a large army. Udit Singh's son was 
 rirthmi Singh ; and his son was Isrdj Singh, who was Rdjd at the time 
 of the cession, and was confirmed in possession by the British Government. 
 Rdjd Rdmpartdb Singh claims to be twenty-second in lineal descent from 
 Bhardj Deo. 
 
 Kesiiicnce. — Mdnda, Allahabad District, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 455 
 
 RAMPUR, HIS HIGHNESS FARZAND-I-DILPAZIR-I-DAULAT- 
 I-INGLISHIA NAWAB HAMID ALI KHAN BAHADUR 
 WALI, A\iwiib of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born ist April 1874; succeeded to ihe gadi a.% a minor 27th February 
 18S9, as seventh Nawab of Rampur. Belongs to a Barez Pathan family, 
 descended from Shah Alim, who came from Afghanistan to India in 
 the latter part of the 17th century, to seek service under the Mughal 
 Empire. He left two sons ; the elder, Daud Khan, ancestor of the Nawabs 
 of Rampur ; the younger, Hafiz Rahmat Khan (called Hdfiz, because he 
 was the guardian of the two sons of his nephew, Ali Muhammad), subse- 
 quently became famous in the time of the Rohilla war as the Chief of 
 the Rohilla Sardars. Daud Khan distinguished himself in the Mahratta 
 wars, and received ajagir near Budaun. His adopted son, Ali Muhammad, 
 by his services to the Mughal Emperor against the Barha Sayyids, obtained 
 the title of Nawab. He experienced many vicissitudes of fortune in conflicts 
 with the Raja of Kumaun, the Nawab Vazir of Oudh, and sometimes with 
 the Imperial forces. At one time he had lost all his possessions, and had 
 to take refuge at the Court of Delhi ; but in the confusion consequent on the 
 invasion of Ahmad Shah Durani, he was able in 1747 to regain more than 
 all he had lost, and left to his two sons the whole of the territory formerly 
 known as Katehir, and now called Rohilkhand (from the name of the 
 ancient seat of the Barez Pathans in Afghanistan). These two sons were 
 under the guardianship of the Nawab Hafiz Rahmat Khan, with whom was 
 associated a cousin of Ali Muhammad's father. All of these were known 
 as the Rohilla Sardirs, of whom the Nawab Hafiz Rahmat Khan was the 
 chief. The latter was at last slain in the battle of Katra, near Bareilly, 
 by the Nawab Vazir ; and subsequently Faizullah Khan, the younger of 
 the two sons of Ali Muhammad, was, by the intervention of the English, 
 confirmed in the possession of the Rampur territory, as a military vassal 
 of the Nawab Vazir, in 1774. Nearly twenty years later Faizullah Khan 
 died ; the elder of his two sons, Muhammad Ali, was assassinated by the 
 younger, Ghulam Muhammad. The latter took possession of the State, 
 but was speedily ejected by the Nawab Vazir, with the aid of the British, 
 in favour of Ahmad Ali, infant son of the murdered prince, in 1794. In 
 1801 Rohilkhand was formally ceded to the British; whereon the Nawab 
 Ahmad Ali became a feudatory of the British Power. He died in 1840, 
 and was succeeded by his cousin, Muhammad Sayyid (son of the above- 
 mentioned Ghulam Muhammad), to the exclusion of his only daughter. 
 On the death of the Nawab Muhammad Sayyid in 1855 he was succeeded 
 by his eldest son, afterwards the Nawab Sir Muhammad Yusuf Ali Khdn, 
 K. C.S.I. ; who, for exhibiting "from the commencement of the rebellion 
 of 1857 to the end, his unswerving loyalty to the British Government, by 
 affording personal and pecuniary aid, protecting the lives of Christians, and 
 rendering other good services," received a large accession of territory, many 
 additional honours and titles (including the Knight Commandership of the 
 Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, and an increase to the number 
 of guns in his salute), and a khilat. Sir Muhammad died in 1864, and 
 was succeeded by his son, afterwards the Nawab Sir Kalb Ali Khan Bahadur, 
 
4S6 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 G.C.S.I., CLE. He was a Persian and Arabic scholar of repute. In 1S77, 
 at the Imperial Assemblage of Delhi on the occasion of the Proclamation 
 of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India, he was granted a 
 personal salute of seventeen guns ; he had already been created a Knight 
 Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India in 
 1875, and he was made a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of 
 the Indian Empire. Sir Kalb died on the 23rd March 1887, and was 
 succeeded by his son, the late Nawab Mushtaq Ali Khdn, who suffered 
 from continued ill health, and died on 25th February 18S9. He left two 
 sons, of whom the elder, the Nawab Hamid Ali Khan Bahadur, Wali, is 
 the present Nawab ; while the younger, the Sahebzada Nasir Ali Khdn, 
 aged eight, is his brother's heir-presumptive. During the minority of the 
 Nawab the administration is carried on by a Council of State, consisting 
 of the following : — President, the Nawib Safdar Ali Khdn ; Members, 
 General Azim-ud-din Khan, Khan Bahadur ( Vice-President), Nawdb Yar 
 Jang Bahadur, and Sayyid Ali Hasan. The State has an area of 941 
 square miles; its popubtion is 941,914, rather more than half being 
 Hindus, and rather less than half being Muhammadans. The Nawdb 
 maintains a military force of 598 cavalry, 2417 infantry, and 28 guns; 
 and is entitled to a salute of 13 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Rdmpur, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 457 
 
 RAMPUR, RAI NARAYAN BALI, Kai of. 
 
 Born 1864; succeeded his father, the late Rai Maharaj Bali of Rampur, 
 7th September i88g. The title of Rai was first conferred for services 
 rendered to the Mughal Empire in the time of the Emperor Akbar, and 
 was recognised by the British Government as hereditary in 1877. Belongs 
 to a family that for many years before the annexation held the office of 
 Sig/iaddr or Kanungo, and rendered valuable services to the Oudh Govern- 
 ment for several generations. The names of his ancestors, the Rais Sobha 
 Rai and Sital Prasad, are famous in the history of Oudh administration. 
 Rai Sital Prasad was wounded near Sanehi by certain recusant Zaminddrs, 
 but he ultimately reduced them to submission. He was succeeded by 
 Rai Abhiram Bali, who was an Honorary Assistant Commissioner of Oudh ; 
 and he was followed by his son, the late Rai Maharaj Bali, father of the 
 present Rai. Both Rai Narayan Bali and his father, the late Rai, have been 
 Honorary Magistrates. 
 
 Residence. — Daryabad, Bara Banki, Oudh. 
 
 RAMPURA, THAKUR UDAJI NARANJI, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1856; succeeded to the gadi 24th June i88g. Belongs to a 
 Koli (Hindu) family. The population of the State is about 717, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Rimpura, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 RAMRAI, RAI SINGH, Seini of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S44; succeeded to the gadi 14th April 1883. Belongs to a 
 Khasi family. The population of the State — which is one of the group 
 called "the Khasi and Jaintia Hill States" — is 2209, and consists of Khasis 
 and Christian converts. 
 
 Residence. — Ramrai, Khdsi and Jaintia Hills, Assam. 
 
 RAMZAN ABDULLA, Khan Saheb. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th May 18S9. 
 Residence. — Karachi, Sind. 
 
 RAN BAHADUR SINGH (of Tikdri), Rdjd. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1890. 
 The Tikari family is descended from the Maharaja Sandar Singh, who is 
 said to have obtained his title for services rendered to the Nawab Alivardi 
 Khan, Nazim of Murshidabad. He was succeeded by his son, the Maharaja 
 Baniyad Singh ; from whom was descended the Maharaja Mitrajit Singh 
 of Tikari, who died in 1840, leaving two sons, Hetnarayan Singh and 
 Modinarayan Singh. The former received a sanad, granting him the title 
 
458 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 of Mahdrajd, in 1845. He died without issue, and his widow, the late 
 Maharani Indrajit Kunwar, adopted her nephew, the late Mahdrdji Ram 
 Krishna Singh, to whom the title of Mahdraja was granted on 8th May 1873. 
 Residence. — Gaya, Bengal. 
 
 RAN BIJAI BAHADUR SINGH (of Patti Saifabad), Biwdn. 
 
 Born 2ist September 1856. The title is hereditary. Belongs to the 
 great Bachgoti clan of Rajputs {see Madho Prasad Singh, Rai of Adhar- 
 ganj, and Muhammad Ali Khan, Raja of Hasan- 
 pur), which sprang from the Chauhan Rajputs of 
 Mainpuri {see Rampartab Singh, Raja of Mainpuri). 
 The Rai Harbans Rai of Adharganj had two sons, 
 Dingar Singh and Nahar Singh ; the former re- 
 tained the paternal title and estate, the latter became 
 Diwan of Patti Saifabad. Hirda Singh, fifth in 
 descent from Nahar Singh, left seven sons, of whom 
 the eldest, Jai Singh Rai, succeeded him at Patti 
 Saifabad. His grandson Dhir Singh had to part 
 The Saxiak of the Chauii.'in with a portion of his estate (Uriadih) to his younger 
 
 RSjputs, called C/m^ra, used i ., -ni • r.- i tai • c^- , , .^ , 
 
 in the !«^ii .nnd for signature, brother, Bhir Smgh. Dhir Smghs two grandsons, 
 (A circle with four Trisuias or Amar Singh and Zabar Singh, both died without 
 
 Tridents .is radii at the car* ,. ,■ -, ,,j ji.-^i 
 
 dinai points.) heirs ; their widows adopted sons, and ultimately, 
 
 after much disputing, the estate was divided between 
 them. The Diwan Ranjit Singh, who was adopted by Amar Singh's widow, 
 obtained the larger share ; and he was the father of the present Diwan, who 
 succeeded to the estate as a minor in 1861. The Diwan was educated at 
 the Wards Institute, Lucknow ; and he has two sons. 
 Residence. — Patti Saifabad, Partdbgarh, Oudh. 
 
 RAN SINGH (of Lakhnadon), T/ulkiir. 
 See Ram Singh (of Lakhnadon), Thdktir. 
 
 RANAJIT SINHA (of Nashiptir), Kumdr. 
 The title was conferred as a personal distinction. 
 Residence. — Nashipur, India. 
 
 RANASAN, KISHORSINGHJI JIWATSINGHJI, Thdkurof. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Has very recently succeeded to the gadi^ on the death of the late Thdkur 
 Hamirsinghji, who had succeeded his father, Thdkur Wajesinghji, in 1879. 
 iiclongs to a very ancient Praniara Raji)ut family, descended from the 
 I'ranidra Raos of Chanilravati near Mount .\bu in Rdjputdna. Its founder, 
 J aipdl, migrated from Chandravaii to Harol in Mdhi Kantha in 1227 a.d.; 
 and thirteenth in descent from him was the Thdkur Prithvi Raj, who moved 
 to Ghorwara, and ruled the State of Ranasan from that capital. The area of 
 the State is loi square miles; its population 4840, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Kandsan, .Mdhi Kdniha, Uonibay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 459 
 
 RANBIR SINGH, Ji<ijd. 
 
 Born 17th May 1852. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, 
 on 15th September 1875. Belongs to a family of Sikh Brahmans. Raja 
 Lai Singh was the last Prime Minister of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh of 
 Lahore, and on the annexation of the Punjab he was sent to Dehra Dun. 
 During the Mutiny of 1857 the late Raja evinced much loyalty. On his 
 death he was succeeded by his son, the Raja Ranbir Singh ; who is an 
 Honorary Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Dehra Dun, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 RANDHIA, GHULAM HAIDAR, Chief of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Belongs to a Muhammadan family. The area of the State is 3 square 
 miles; its population 539, chiefly Hindus. 
 Residence. — Randhia, Kithidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 RANDHIR SING-H, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 182 I. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th 
 May 1883, for services rendered during the Mutiny of 1857. Belongs to a 
 Kshatriya family, claiming descent from Thakur Singh Rai, who migrated 
 from Baiswara in Oudh to the Jaunpur district, and founded the village of 
 Singramau, the present seat of the family. 
 
 Residence. — Singramau, Jaunpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 RANDHIR SINGH (of R&jd SAnsi), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1856. The title is hereditary. The Sardar belongs to the famous 
 Sindhanwalia family of the Sansi clan of Jats, which is the acknowledged head 
 of all Sikh families between the Bias and Indus, and is descended from the 
 same stock as that of the late ALiharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore. The com- 
 mon ancestor, Sardar Budh Singh, had two sons, Chanda Singh and Jodh 
 Singh ; from the latter was descended the Maharaja Ranjit Singh, from the 
 former the Sindhanwalia Sardars are descended. Chanda Singh's grandson 
 was Sardar Amir Singh, who had three sons — Sardar Budh Singh, Sardar 
 Wassawa Singh, and Sardar Lehna Singh. Sardar Wassawa Singh had two 
 sons, Sardar Ajit Singh and Sardar Ranjodh Singh (father of the present 
 Sardar Randhir Singh of Raja Sansi). On the death of the Rani Chand 
 Kaur, who was killed by the order of the Maharaja Sher Singh, the Sardars 
 Ajit Singh and his uncle Lehna Singh plotted with the Raja Dhyan Singh to 
 remove the Maharaja; and Ajit Singh slew him with his own hand on isth 
 September 1843, ^"d afterwards slew the Raja Dhyan Singh. Subsequently 
 the son of the latter. Raja Hira Singh, slew both Ajit Singh and Lehna Singh. 
 The present Sardar Randhir Singh succeeded his father, Sardar Ranjodh 
 Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Rdjd Sdnsi, Amritsar, Punjab. 
 
46o THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 RANGANATHA MUDALIYAR, PANDIT, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1846. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th I'cb- 
 ruary 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty. The Rai Bahadur belongs to an ancient family of repute in 
 Madras, and greatly distinguished himself as a graduate of the University of 
 Madras, where he took the highest honours and the M.A degree. He was 
 appointed a Fellow of the Madras University in 1872, and Professor of 
 Mathematics in the Presidency College in 1884. Served as Sheriff of 
 Madras in 1891. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 RANIPURA, THAKUR GODARJI KESUJI, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1856; succeeded to \\^e. gadi 15th September 1888. Belongs to a 
 Koli (Hindu) family. The population of the State is 168. 
 Residence. — R.lnipura, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 RANJIT SINGH (of Hatnapur), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1827. The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred 
 many centuries ago by the ancient Gond Rajas of Mandla, for military ser- 
 vices rendered to them by the ancestors of the Raja, and having been con- 
 firmed by the British Government. The Rdjd belongs to a Rij Gond family 
 that has been settled at Hatnapur from time immemorial. He has a nephew, 
 Sangram Singh, son of his younger brother, Mahrdj Singh. 
 Residence. — Hatnapur, Narsinghpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 RANJIT SINGH, THAKUR, Rao Saheb. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1887. 
 Residence. — Bandanwdra, Ajmir. 
 
 RANJODH SINGH, NAKAI (of Bahrw&I), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Sarddr being the head of the Bahrwal branch 
 of the great Nakai family, from which the Maharaja Ranjit Singh chose his 
 Queen, the Rani Rdj Kaur, mother of Prince Kharak Singh, who afterwards 
 came to the throne as the Maharaja Kharak Singh. The family is descended 
 from the Chaudhri Hemrdj, one of whose sons, Sarddr Hira Singh, took pos- 
 session of the Nakka country about the middle of the last centur)-. On the 
 death of Hira Singh, his son Ual Singh being a minor, his nephew, Sarddr 
 Ndr Singh, succeeded to the command of the Misl or Confederacy. He was 
 killed in a fight in Kot Kamalia, and was succeeded by his brother, Rdm 
 Singh, who became a powerful leader. His son, Sarddr Bhagwdn Singh, 
 succeeded, and betrothed his sister, ilie Rdni Rdj Kaur, to the Sarddr Ranjit 
 Singh (son of Sarddr Mahan Singh, Sukarchakia), afterwards famous as the 
 .Mahdrdjd Ranjit Singh of I-ahore — "The Lion of the Punjab." Bhagwdn 
 Singh was succeeded by his nephew, Sarddr Kdhn Singh, who remained 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 461 
 
 faithful in 1846, though his troops and his second son, Atar Singh, who were 
 at Multan with the army, joined the rebels. Kahn Singh was made a 
 Jagirdar Magistrate in 1S60. His eldest son, Chhatar Singh, was distin- 
 guished for his loyalty; he died in 1857, leaving three sons and two 
 daughters. The present Sardar, Ranjodh Singh, succeeded him, and has 
 two sons, Udho Singh and Narayan Singh. 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 RANPUR, RAJA BENUDHAR BAJRADHAR NARINDRA 
 MAHIPATRA, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born about 181 7; succeeded to the gadi i6th March 1845. Belongs 
 to a verj' ancient Kshatriya family, who claim to have been settled in Orissa 
 as Rajas of Ranpur for 109 generations; of whom, according to tradition, 
 the founder was Basara Basuk. His son was Vikrama Narindra ; and the 
 subsequent 108 generations have all borne the ancient Hindu style or title 
 of Narindra. The ninety-eighth Raja was Kunjavihari Narindra, and he 
 obtained the additional titles of Bajradhar and Mahipatra, which have been 
 borne by all subsequent Rajas. The State, which is one of the Orissa 
 Tributary Mahals, and one of the most ancient States in Orissa, has an area 
 of 203 square miles ; its population is 36,539, chiefly Hindus, but including 
 a good many Kandhs (aboriginal tribe). The Raja maintains a military force 
 of 954 infantry. He has an adopted son, Kunwar Harihar Birbar Jagadeb. 
 Residence. — Kild Ranpur, Orissa, Bengal. 
 
 RAOJI TRIMBAK, Rao Bahadur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 2nd January 1888. 
 Residence. — Ratnagiri, Bombay. 
 
 RASUL BAKHSH RAISANI, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1S89. 
 Residence. — Sarawan, Baluchistan. 
 
 RATAN KUAR (of Fatehpur), Rani. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Rani belongs to a very ancient Raj Gond 
 family, of which the Raja Kishor Singh of Fatehpur {q.v!) is now the head. 
 The Rani is the mother of the Raja Randhir Singh, who was born 5th July 
 1862. 
 
 Residence. — Fatehpur, Hoshangabad, Central Provinces. 
 
 RATAN SINGH (of Tendukhera), Thdkur. 
 
 The title is hereditar)'. The Thakur succeeded his father, the late 
 Thakur Surat Singh of Tendukhera, in Hoshangabad district. 
 Residence. — Tendukhera, Hoshangabad, Central Provinces. 
 
462 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 RATAN SINGH, Sarddr Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist Januar)- 1889. 
 Residence. — Raipur, Central Provinces. 
 
 RATANJI BEZANJI, K/idn Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1889. 
 Residence. — Nasirabad. 
 
 RATANJI DHANJIBHAI, Khdn SaM. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1890. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 RATANMAL, THAKUR DHIRAP SINGH, Thdkurof. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1878; succeeded to the gadi in the same year as a minor. 
 Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family. The population of the State is about 
 468, all Bhils (aboriginal tribe). 
 
 Residence. — Ratanmal, Bhopiwar, Central India. 
 
 RATESH, Chief of. 
 
 Is a feudatory of the Raja of Keonthal (i'.f.), and rules over one of the 
 Simla Hill States. 
 
 Residence. — Ralesh, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 RATI .AM, HIS HIGHNESS RAJA SIR RANJIT SINGH, 
 K.C.I.B., Rdjd of 
 
 A. Ruling Chief. 
 Born i860; succeeded to the.f(i(//as a minor 28th January 1864. Be- 
 longs to a Rdhtor Rajput family, descended from a scion of the illustrious 
 house of Jodhpur ; its founder, Ratan Singh of Jodhpur, having displayed 
 conspicuous courage at Delhi in wounding a mad elephant with a katar. 
 received a grant of the Rathim tcrritor)- in iMalwa from the Emperor Shah 
 Jahan in the year 1631 a.d. The present Chief is twelfth in lineal descent 
 from Ratan Singh, and has been created a Knight Commander of the Most 
 Eminent Order of the Indian Empire. The area of the State is 729 square 
 miles; its population is 87,314, chiefly Hindus, but including 9913 Muham- 
 madans, 6038 Jains, and 17,297 belonging to Hhil and other aboriginal tribes. 
 There is a station of the Rajputana-M;llwd State Railway at the town of 
 Ratldm, the capital. The Rajd maintains a military force of 134 cavalry, 
 246 infantry, and 5 guns; and is entitled to a salute of 13 guns, including 
 2 guns personal to His Highness. 
 
 Residence. — Rati;lin, Western M.-llw.-i, Central India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 463 
 
 RAUSHAN KHAN (of DomeU), Rdjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Raja is the head of a Bugial family belong- 
 ing to the ancient and powerful tribe of the Gakkars. For an account of 
 the history of the Gakkar tribe, see Karamdad Khan, Raja of Pharwala. The 
 Raja Raushan Khan is the son and successor of the late Raja Akbar Khan, 
 Raja of Domeli, in the Jhelum district, Punjab. During the rebellion of 
 1848-49 Raja Akbar Khan joined Captain Nicholson's force, and did good 
 service under that oflScer. 
 
 Residence. — Domeli, Jhelum, Punjab. 
 
 RAVANESHWAR PRASAD SINGH, Maharaja of Gidhaur. 
 
 See Gidhaur. 
 
 RAYSINGHPUR, SARUPSINGH walad KATYA WALUR, 
 
 Chief of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1875 ; succeeded to the gadi SiS a minor in 1878. Belongs to a 
 Muhammadan family. The area of the State, which is one of the Mewas 
 States of Khandesh, is about 200 square miles; its population is 1946, 
 chiefly Bhils (aboriginal tribe). 
 
 Residence. — Riysinghpur, Khdndesh, Bombay. 
 
 RAZA ALI, MIR, Khan Bahadur Yaktaz Jang. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, by the Nawab of the 
 Carnatic, and recognised on i6th December 1890. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Deccan. 
 
 RAZA HUSAIN, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, by the Nawab of the 
 Carnatic, and recognised on i6th December 1890. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 RAZA MUHAMMAD KHAN walad GHULAM HAIDAR 
 
 KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation (see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Sind. 
 
464 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 REWAH, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA VYANKATESH 
 RAMAN SINGH BAHADUR, Mahdrdjd of. 
 
 Born 23rd July 1876 ; succeeded to the si'^di as a minor 4th Februar)- 
 1880. Belongs to a Bdghel Rajput (Hindu) family, descended from the 
 ancient Chiefs of the illustrious Solanki clan (" Agnikula " or " Sons of 
 Fire "). The founder was Bilagar Deo or Biag Deo (who gave his name to 
 the Baghel sept), who came from Gujarat about 1057 A.D., conquered the 
 territory between Kalpi and Chandalgarh, and married the daughter of the 
 Raja of Pirhawdn. His son, Kurun Deo, made further conquests, annexing 
 the Rewah territory, which he named Baghelkhand. He married the 
 daughter of the Raja of Mandla, and obtained with her the great fort of 
 Bandogarh. In the time of the nineteenth Raja, Birbhan Rao, who suc- 
 ceeded in 1 60 1, the family of the Emperor Huniayun took refuge in Rewah 
 when driven from Delhi by Sher Shah. In 161 8 the Raja Vikramaditya 
 built the fort and town of Rewah, which has ever since been the capital of the 
 State. In the time of the twenty-seventh Raja, Abdut Singh, who succeeded 
 as an infant, the fort of Rewah was captured by Hardi Shah, the Bundela 
 Raja of Panna {q.v.) ; but after a time Abdut Singh (who had fled with his 
 mother to Partabgarh) returned, aided by some Imperial troops from Delhi, 
 and drove out the Raja of Panna. He was succeeded by the Raja Ajit 
 Singh. The Raja Jai Singh Deo succeeded in 1809, and in 1812 obtained 
 the British guarantee in a treaty of that year, and again in a treaty of 1813. 
 Raja Bishnath Singh (son of Jai Singh Deo) was succeeded in 1834 by his 
 son, the late Maharaja Raghuraj Singh, father of the present Maharaja. 
 Maharaja Raghuraj Singh abolished j«// throughout his dominions in 1847. 
 During the Mutiny of 1857 he rendered excellent service to Government, 
 and received as a reward a large accession of territory, and in 1864 was 
 created a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star 
 of India. He was also granted a saiiad of adoption ; and his salute was 
 increased to 19 guns by the addition of 2 guns personal to His Highness. 
 He died in 1 880, and was succeeded by the present Maharaja, during whose 
 minority the Political Agent of Rewah has had charge of the State, assisted 
 by a Council of ten Sardars, members of His Highness's family. The family 
 flag is yellow in colour. 'l"hc crest is a hand with a flame (indicating the 
 origin of the family as " Agnikulas " or " Sons of Fire "), with a Sanskrit 
 motto meaning " God is our trust." The arms are, in the upper half of the 
 shield, the tilak or sacred mark always worn by the Maharaja ; in base, a 
 tiger rampant ; supporters, tigers. The motto is in Sanskrit, meaning " Fear 
 to oppose the tiger." The area of the State is about 13,000 square miles 
 (nearly equal to the combined area of Saxony and Wiirtemberg) ; its popu- 
 lation 1,305,124, chiefly Hindus, but including 31,107 Muhammadans, 
 139,626 Gonds (aboriginal tribe), and 162,481 Kols (aboriginal tribe). The 
 Maharaja maintains a military force of 691 cavalry, 3135 infantry, and 55 
 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 1 7 guns. 
 
 Rcsidina. — Kcwah, Itaghclkhand, Central India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 465 
 
 BEZA ALI KHAN, Sarddr. See Muhammad Reza AH Khan. 
 
 REZA HUSAIN, SAYYID KAZI, Khan Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 6th July 1888, "for 
 his liberality and public spirit." 
 Residence. — Patna, Bengal. 
 
 RICHHPAL SINGH (of Malkhorda), Thdkur. 
 
 Born 1859. The title is hereditary. The Thakur belongs to a Gond 
 (aboriginal) family, descended from the Thakur Balram Singh, who received 
 a confirmation of his title, and the jdgir of Malkhorda, from the British 
 Government in 1844. The family has the curious cognisance or device of 
 a dagger for the Thakur's seal and signature. 
 
 Residence. — Malkhorda, Sambalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 RICHHPAL SINGH, SINDHU (of SiranwaU), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sarddr belongs to a Sindhu Jat family of 
 eminence, descended from the Sarddr Durga Singh. His son, Sarddr Ldl 
 Singh, married a daughter, the Rdni Isar Kaur, to the Maharaja Kharak 
 Singh of Lahore. Ldl Singh's son, the Sarddr Mangal Singh, was the father 
 of the present Sarddr Richhpdl Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Siranwali, Sidlkot, Punjab. 
 
 ROMBSH CHANDRA DATTA, CLE. 
 
 Mr. Datta is a member of the Bengal Civil Service (Covenanted). He 
 obtained his place by competitive examination in London, in which he 
 greatly distinguished himself. He is now a Magistrate and Collector in 
 Bengal, and was created a CLE. on 25th May 1892. 
 
 Residence. — Bengal. 
 
 RUDR PARSAD, CHAUDHRI, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1877, 
 on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India. 
 
 Residence. — Sitamarhi, Bengal. 
 
 RUDR PARSHAD SINGH (of Singrauli), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1869. The title is hereditary. The Raja belongs to the Kharwdr 
 tribe of Rajputs ; but the family are now styled Benbans Rajputs. They 
 are descended from a Kharwdr Chief who came from Rewah into Singrauli, 
 and married the daughter of the Chief of Raipur in that Pargand. He and 
 his son and grandson gradually got possession of the whole Pargand ; but the 
 last named was driven out by the allied forces of the Rdjds of Agori Bdrhar 
 
 2 H 
 
466 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 and Bardi about 350 years ago. For nine generations the family were in 
 exile ; then two brothers, Darjao Singh and Dalel Singh, twelfth in descent 
 from the founder of the family, reconquered some of tiie Singrauli territory. 
 Dar)-ao Singh's son was Fakir Sah, who assumed the title of Raja about i So 
 years ago. He was succeeded by his son, the Raja Rudra Sah, who was in 
 possession at the time when the Benares Province passed under British rule, 
 and he was recognised in 1792. The present Raja succeeded on the death 
 of his father, the late Raja Udit Narayan Singh, in 1886. 
 
 Residence. — Gaharwdrgaon, Singrauli, Mirzapur, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 RUDR PARTAB SAH (of Dera), Rcijd. 
 
 Born 1 8th August 1S60. The title is hereditary. Belongs to the great 
 Bachgoti clan of Rajputs {see Madho Prasad Singh, Rai of Adharganj, and 
 Muhammad Ali Kh;in, Raja of Hasanpur), which 
 sprang from the Chauhan Rajputs of Main))uri 
 {see Rdmpartdb Singh, Raj.i of Mainpuri). This 
 branch of the clan bears the name of "Rdjkumar,' 
 which is frequently the style of junior branches of 
 Rajput families. The family history down to the 
 time of Bariar Singh is given under Madho Prasad 
 Singh, Rai of Adharganj. The Raja of Dera is 
 the most important of all the Chiefs descended 
 from Bariar Singh. The grandson of the latter, 
 '"'»/'"''''* ,°f,'!;f chauh.in named Asre Singh, settled at Bhadaiyan, and built 
 
 RSjputs Clllcd ( /l<I*ra, used ". . _, , . , . , 
 
 in ihe »cai and for .signaiure. a fort there. Bijai Chand, si.xth m descent from 
 (A cireic with Somt Triru/as or Asrc Singh, had four sons, one of whom led a colony 
 
 Tndents as tadll at the car- , V> • ' • , t-. i 
 
 dinal points.) across the Gumti river, and settled at Dera, where 
 
 his descendants have remained ever since. The late 
 Raja Madho Singh, who was in possession at the end of the last century, 
 fought a great i)attle at Masora with the Bachgotis of ^[eopur, and defeated 
 them in 1798 a.d. He died childless in 1823, and was succeeded by his 
 widow, the Thakurain Dariyao Kunwdr, a most remarkable and able 
 woman, who for twenty- five years held her own among most turbulent 
 neighbours, and even added to the estate. In 1838 she annexed the 
 valuable /(/////• of Barsinghpur, and killed the Gargbansi Thakur to whom it 
 had belonged. She was on bad terms with the next male heir, Rustam Sah, 
 and wished to set him aside in favour of the niece of her late husband, a 
 lady named Dihaj Kunwdr. Rustam Sdh in 1846 tried to take Dera by 
 storm, but failed in the attempt, and his father, Chhatarsdl, was slain in the 
 assault. Subsequently the Ndzim, Rdjd Mdn Singh, favoured the pretensions 
 of Rustam Sah ; and at last the latter seized the opportunity when the 
 'I'hdkurain had gone unattended to Ajudhya to bathe, to take her prisoner. 
 He carried her off across the ("lOgra river, and forced her to sign a deed of 
 transfer of the Dera estate in his favour ; so great, however, was the shock 
 that her proud spirit had sustained, that she died of grief soon after. The 
 N;izim then wished to treat the estate as an escheat, but ultimately Rustam 
 Sdh obtained possession. He rendered distinguished service during the 
 Mutiny of 1857. When the regiments in the neighbouring cantonments of 
 Sultan|)ur mutinied, five ofticers escaped to his fort at Dera; he sheltered 
 the party for a fortnight, and then sent them to Benares under the escort of 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 467 
 
 his brother, Bariar Singh. Whilst they were in the fort a satcdr (trooper) 
 arrived with an order from the Maulavi of Faizabad to deliver up the 
 fugitives ; Rustam Sah tore up the letter in Captain Bunbury's presence, 
 and bid the messenger return to his master with the fragments as the Rajput's 
 reply. He actively engaged in aiding the Jaunpur authorities, garrisoning 
 their posts, collecting supplies, and assisting the Gurkhas and other British 
 forces. Both the Raja Rustam Sah and his brother Bariar Singh received 
 substantial rewards for their services on the restoration of order. In i860 
 the Raja was invested with the powers of an Assistant Magistrate and 
 Collector. He died in 1S77, and was succeeded by his nephew, the present 
 Raja, who is also a Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Dera, Sultanpur, Gudh, 
 
 RUDR PARTAB SINGH (of Unaula), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1791. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Sarnet Rajput family, 
 descended from the same ancestors as those of the Thakurs of Bansi. Raja 
 Chandra Sen had three sons, of whom the third, Raja Randhir, occupied the 
 Pargana of Unaula. The Raja Rudr Partab Singh has a son and heir, 
 Mahesh Partab Singh, aged about sixty-six. 
 
 Resilience. — Unaula, Gordkhpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 RUDR PARTAB SINGH (of Uriadih), Ditudn. 
 
 Born 2nd August 1849. The title is hereditary. The Diwan belongs 
 
 to the great Bachgoti clan of Rajputs {see Madho Prasad Singh, Rai of 
 
 Adharganj, and Muhammad Ali Khan, Raja of 
 
 Hasanpur), which sprang from the Chauhan Rajputs 
 
 of Mainpuri {see Ram Partab Singh, Raja of Main- 
 
 puri). The descent of this family down to the 
 
 Diwan Bhir Singh is given in the account of the 
 
 Diwan of Patti Saifabad {see Ran Bijai Bahadur 
 
 Singh, Diwan of Patti Saifabad). On the division 
 
 of the paternal estates between Bhir Singh and 
 
 his elder brother, Dhir Singh, the latter retained 
 
 Patti Saifabad, the former obtained Uriadih, which 
 
 has ever since remained in the possession of his 
 
 descendants, and has been considerably increased 
 
 by them. One of the latter, the Diwan Pirthipal 
 
 Singh, is famous for his fight at Lobar Tara with his 
 
 kinsman, Rai Bindesri Bakhsh of Adharganj (Dalip- 
 
 pur), in which the latter was killed. His son, the Diwan Sarabjit Singh, 
 
 consolidated this estate, and on his death in 1879 was succeeded by his 
 
 son, the present Diwan. The latter has a son and heir. 
 
 Residence. — Uriadih, Partdbgarh, Oudh. 
 
 The Santak of the Chauhan 
 RAjputs, called Ckakra, used 
 in the seal and for signature. 
 
 (A circle with four Trisiilas or 
 Tridents as radii at the car- 
 dinal points.) 
 
468 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 BUKN-UD-DIN SAYYID SAHEB KADIRI, HAJI MAULAVI, 
 
 Shams-ul- Ulama. 
 
 Born 1852. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 
 1 6th February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty, for eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to 
 take rank in Darbar immediately after titular Nawabs. 
 
 Residence. — Vellore, Madras. 
 
 RUP NARAYAN SINGH, Kumar. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on iSth July 1861, in 
 recognition of his position as son of the late Mahardja Bhup Singh Bahddur, 
 and brother of the late Mahardja Mahipat Singh Bahddur, who died in 1879. 
 Is a descendant of the Maharaja Shitab Rai Bahadur, who was appointed 
 Diwan of Subah Behar by the Emperor Alamgir II. of Delhi in 1754 a.d., 
 and who subsequently rendered good services to the British Government. 
 He was succeeded by his eldest son, the Mahardja Kalyan Singh Bahddur, 
 and the great-grandson of the latter was the late Maharaja Bhup Singh 
 Bahddur. 
 
 Residence. — Patna, Bengal. 
 
 RUP SAH (of Jagamanpur), Rdjd. 
 
 Born loth March 1854. The title is hereditary. Is the Chief of the 
 Sengar clan of Rajputs in the Jalaun district, and is descended from the 
 Rdjd Bdpuki, who in early times received his title and the tdluk of Jaga- 
 manpur from the Rdjd Tej Chandra of Kanauj. His descendant, the Rdjd 
 Ratan Sdh, received a confirmation of this grant in 17 17 a.d. from the 
 Peshwd, Raghundth Rao Baloji. Ratan Sdh's grandson was the late Rdjd 
 Mahbat Sdh. The present Rdjd was educated at the Wards' Institution at 
 Benares, and is an Honorary Magistrate. He has a son and heir, the 
 Kunwdr Janmejai Singh, aged about seventeen. 
 
 Residence. — Jagamanpur, Jdlaun, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 RUP SINHA (of Bhareh), Jidjd. 
 
 Born October 1827. The title is hereditary. Is the Chief of the Sengar 
 clan of Rdjputs in the district of Etdwah, where the clan settled in the 12th 
 century. Tlie late Rdjd Mukat Singh, on his death, left two sons, Partdb 
 Singh and Rup Singh. The former succeeded to the Raj, and was succeeded 
 by his son, Rdjd .Mahendra Singh, who died in 1871 without issue. After 
 subsequent litigation the present Rdjd Rup Singh (second son of Rdjd 
 Mukat Singh) succeeded in 1884. 
 
 Residence. — Uharch, Etdwah, North-Western Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 469 
 
 RUPAL, THAKUR MANSINGHJI, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 2nd June 1S46; succeeded to the gadi as a minor on the death 
 of the late Thdkur Partapsinghji, 22nd July 1847. Belongs to a Rehwar 
 Rajput family, claiming descent from the Pramara Raos of Chandravati, near 
 Mount Abu, and consequently a branch of the Pramara clan of Rajputs. 
 The State, which is tributary to Baroda and Idar, has an area of 90 square 
 miles; and a population of 3497, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Rupdl, Mdhi Kintha, Bombay. 
 
 RUSTAM KHAN walad IMAM BAKHSH KHAN 
 (of Juneji), Ali?-. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikirpur, Sind. 
 
 RUSTAMJI ARDASHIR WADIA, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 21st February 1884. 
 Residcitce. — Bombay. 
 
 RUSTAMJI JAMASPJI ASHBURNBR, Khdn Bahadur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 29th May 1886. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 RUSTAMJI KHURSBDJI MODI DAVAR, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1 2th February 1803. The title was conferred, as a personal dis- 
 tinction, on I St January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. Succeeded his father, the late 
 Davar Khursedji, in the office of Davar or Chief of the Parsi community of 
 Surat, when he received a khilat from the Agent to the Governor, and also 
 a khilat from the titular Nawab of Surat. Has rendered many eminent 
 public services, and received the thanks of Government on many important 
 occasions. With the title of Khan Bahadur, on the occasion of the Imperial 
 Assemblage on ist January 1877, he received a Certificate of Honour. He 
 belongs to a Parsi family, whose ancestor came to India from Persia as the 
 head of the Parsi community, from whom the present Davar is nineteenth in 
 lineal descent. His predecessors have frequently distinguished themselves 
 in loyalty to the British Government. The Khan Bahadur's grandfather, 
 Davar Dosabhai Kavasji, was granted a sanad in 1806, confirming him in 
 his office ; and dying suddenly in the same year was succeeded by the late 
 Davar Khursedji. The Davar has had the misfortune to lose his children in 
 infancy; his heirs are the sons of his only brother, Edalji — (i) Kaikhosro 
 Edalji, born 1841 ; (2) Bahmanji Edalji, born 1845 (a Magistrate); (3) Kava- 
 shah Edalji, born 1848 (has two sons, Tchemooras Kavashah, born 1887, 
 and Hormajshah Kavashah, born 1890); (4) Barjorji Edalji, born 1850 
 (Fellow of the Bombay University, and Judge of the Small Cause Court of 
 Surat); (5) Jahangirshah Edalji, bom 1853 (Subordinate Judge). 
 
 Residence. — Surat, Bombay. 
 
470 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 RUSTAMJI MANEKJI, KMn Saheb. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 29th May 1886. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 SA, MAUNG, Ahmiidan gaung Tazeik-ya Min. 
 
 This title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist Januar)' 1889. 
 It is indicated by the letters A.T.M. after the name, and means " Recipient 
 of the Medal for Good Service." 
 
 Residence. — Uyu, Burma. 
 
 SAADAT HUSAIN KHAN, Nawdb Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, in recognition of his 
 position as son of the Nawdb Amir Husain Khan, grandson of the late Saddat 
 Ali Khan, King of Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 SABBAPATHI MUDALIYAR, A, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1838. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist 
 June 1 888. The Rao Bahddur distinguished himself by his public serv'iccs 
 during the famine of 1877-78, and has successfully devoted himself to muni- 
 cipal work in the district of Bellary. He was elected a Member of the Bellary 
 Municipal Council in 1880; and became its Chairman in 1886. 
 
 Residence. — Bellar)-, Madras. 
 
 SABBAPATHI MUDALIYAR, A. R, Rai Rahddur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 15th March 18S1. 
 Residence. — Bangalore, Mysore. 
 
 SACHIN, NAWAB SIDI NAJAF ALI KHAN, Nawdb of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1886; succeeded to the gadi as an infant in February 1887. 
 Belongs to an Abyssinian (Sunni Muhammadan) family, long known as the 
 Habshi Sidis of Danda-Rdjdpur and Janjira. They were originally {sec 
 Janjira, Nawab of) Admirals of the tleets of the Kings of Ahmadnagar and 
 Bijapur ; and were subsequently appointed to the same oHicc under the 
 Mughal Empire by Aurangzeb, about the year 1660. During the decline 
 of the Mughal Power the Sidis of Janjira became notorious for their piracies. 
 About the year 1784 Bdlu Mid Sidi, the heir to the Janjira gadi, was ex- 
 pelled by a junior branch of the same family, who still retain Janjira. He 
 was given Sachin by the Pcshwd in exchange for his rights over Janjira ; but 
 the I'cshwds never succeeded in enforcing those rights, though Sachin has 
 remained in the hands of Bdlu Mid Sidi and his descendants to the present 
 day. The late Nawdb, Sidi .Abdul Kddar Muhammad Ydkut Khdn, died in 
 1887, and was succeeded by the present Nawdb. The State is composed of 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 471 
 
 many small detached portions, chiefly in the British district of Surat, and 
 partly in Baroda territory. Its area is 42 square miles: its population 
 19,150, chiefly Hindus. The Nawab maintains a military force of 5 cavalry, 
 52 infantry, and 4 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns. 
 Residence. — Sachin, Surat, Bombay. 
 
 SADA KHERI, THAKUR BAHADUR SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1859 ; succeeded to the gadi in 1882. The State has a population 
 of about 3000, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Western M^lwa, Central India. 
 
 SADASHIV RAO alias GOBINDO RAO, Rao, Kotwdl. 
 
 Born Sth May 1S46. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Mahratta 
 family, whose head, the late Baji Rao, for his bravery and good conduct was 
 appointed by the old Mahratta Government to the post of Kotwal of the city 
 of Sagar, and became the farmer of the Customs, and also Mamlatdar of 
 Hatta and Pithauriya. 
 
 Residence. — Sigar, Central Provinces. 
 
 SADHA SUKH, Rat. 
 
 The tide was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th June 1870. 
 Belongs to a Brahman family of Delhi. In 1836 the Rai was selected from 
 the students of the 2nd class of the Delhi College for military service under 
 the Sikh Government of Lahore. He served subsequently with much dis- 
 tinction under Sir Herbert Edwardes, and rendered devoted service to the 
 British Government. He has a son, Pandit Sheo Ram, who is an Extra 
 Assistant Commissioner of the Punjab in the Dera Ismail Khan district. 
 
 Residence. — Delhi, Punjab. 
 
 SADHU SINGH, Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th April 1867, in 
 recognition of his eminent military services. This distinguished ofiicer holds 
 the/ank of Risaldar- Major in Her Majesty's Indian Army. 
 
 Residence. — Hingoli, Deccan. 
 
 SADIK ALT tvalad MUHAMMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation (see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Sind. 
 
 SADIK ALI FARIDUN BEG, Mirza. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Karachi, Sind. 
 
472 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SAFDAR HUSAIN KHAN, SAYYID, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 22nd February 1829. The title was conferred, as a personal dis- 
 tinction, on 1 6th February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign 
 of Her Most Gracious Majesty. The Khan Bahadur is descended from 
 Khalid bin Wahid, who came to India with the followers of Salar Mosendarid, 
 and established himself at Mahal Dilazakpur in the city of Gorakhpur. He 
 has ser\'ed the Government in various capacities, with ability and fidelity, for 
 thirty-four years ; and during the Mutiny of 1857 rendered valuable services. 
 He was presented with a Certificate of Honour, a Medal of Honour, and 
 a k/iHal, at the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi on ist January' 1877, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress 
 of India. He retired when a Subordinate Judge of the North -Western 
 Provinces. 
 
 Residence. — Gorakhpur, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 SAFDAR JANG, Shdhzdda. 
 
 Born 1829. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, in 
 recognition of his position as third son of His late Majesty the Shah Shuja- 
 ul-Mulk, ex-King of Kabul. Belongs to the Saddozai Pathdn ex-Royal 
 family of Afghdnistan. The Shahzdda has four sons — (i) Haidar Jang 
 (Extra Assistant Commissioner of the Punjab) ; (2) Bahddur Jang (Naib 
 Tahsilddr); (3) Babar Jang; and (4) Muhammad Rafi. 
 
 Residence. — Ludhidna, Punjab. 
 
 SAGA, SAW SEIN BU, Myoza of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Myoza is the Chief of one of the Shan States in Burma, and rules 
 over a territory of about 300 square miles in area. The population is chiefly 
 Shan. 
 
 Residence. — Saga, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 SAGWE, KUN TUN, Myoza of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 The Myoza is the Chief of one of the Shan States in Burma. The area 
 of the State is about 50 square miles ; its population is chiefly Shan. 
 Residence. — Sagwe, Burma. 
 
 SAHEB LAL (of Madanpur), TItdkur. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Thdkur belongs to a Rdjput (Hindu) family, 
 descended from Anuji Singh. The late Rdjd Gajraj Singh of Madanpur was 
 fifth in succession from him. 
 
 Residence. — M.idanpur, Hilaspur, Central Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 473 
 
 SAHBB MIRZA, Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, in recognition of his 
 position as son of jMirza Humayun Bakht, and grandson of Muhammad Ali 
 Shah, third King of Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Oudh. 
 
 SAHEB SINGH (of Dayalgarh), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1 81 2. The title is hereditary. The Sardar is a grandson of Sarddr 
 Charat Singh, who was the only son of Sardar Jai Singh. Sardar Jai Singh 
 joined the misl or confederation that opposed Zain Khan, the Mughal Governor 
 of Sirhind, who was slain in battle. The family rendered good service during 
 the Mutiny of 1S57, and was rewarded at its close. Sardar Charat Singh 
 married three wives, by all of whom he had children, who succeeded to the 
 estate in accordance with the rule of Chanda Vand, which obtains in this 
 family. The Sardar is the first cousin of Sardar Albel Singh of Lidhran 
 {q.v.), and other Sikh Sardars. He has three sons — Sardars Shamsher 
 Singh, Sher Singh (q.v.), and Kehr Singh. 
 
 Residence. — DayAlgarh, Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 SAHEB SINGH, Rao. 
 
 Born 1 818. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 30th 
 August 1859, for his good services rendered during the Mutiny of 1857. 
 Belongs to a family that came from Gujarat in the Punjab, first moved to 
 Hissar, and finally settled at Mandlana about 400 years ago. Its founder 
 was Ratan, a Gujar of the Dapa got. In 1857 Saheb Singh placed the 
 whole of his resources, and the sa^cdrs of the Landhaura Raj, at the disposal 
 of the Magistrate ; and after the earlier outbreak of the Gujars, assisted by 
 his influence in keeping that turbulent community in subjection. When the 
 Thana Bhawan insurrection occurred he marched with all his followers 
 (some 200 or 300 men) and some small guns to Rampur on the borders of 
 the Muzaffarnagar districts, to prevent any inroads thence. He also joined 
 the Magistrate in watching the Ganges opposite Bijnor. For these services 
 he received not only the title, but also a considerable grant of land. 
 
 Residence. — Sahdranpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 SAHEB SINGH, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1877, 
 on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India. Belongs to a Khanna Kshatriya family ; and rendered 
 good service during the Mutiny of 1857 in Rohilkhand, both by supplying 
 information to the authorities there and in other ways. Is a Banker, an 
 Honorary Magistrate, and a Member of the Municipal Commission of Delhi. 
 He has a son and heir, named Indar Mai. 
 
 Residence. — Delhi, Punjab. 
 
474 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SAIP ALI KHAN, KHAKHAR (of Find Dddan Khdn), Hdjd. 
 
 Born 1843. The title is hereditary. The Raja is the head of a family 
 of high Rajput origin, who settled near the Salt Range about the year 1623 
 A.D. ; when Dadan Khdn, a Khakhar Rajput in the service of the Emperor 
 Jahangir, built a town at the foot of the Salt Range, which he called after 
 his own name. Find Dadan Khan soon became a flourishing town, and the 
 centre of the salt trade. Dadan Khan left three sons — Shafi Khan (from 
 whom descend the Rajas of Ahmadabad), l-'ateh Muhammad Khan (the 
 ancestor of the Rajas of Find Dddan Khan), and Firoz Khan. Sardar 
 Charat Singh, the grandfather of the Mahdrajd Ranjit Singh, conquered the 
 Khakhar country, but allowed the Rajd of Ahmadabad to hold his Chiefship. 
 The Raja of Find Dddan Khan was treated with equal leniency ; but having 
 revolted early in the reign of Ranjit Singh, he was utterly defeated, and Find 
 Dadan Khdn was taken from him, though he was allowed to retain a smaller 
 ;dgir. In 1S48-49 the Khakhar Chiefs joined the rebels, and all their 
 estates were confiscated ; but subsequently certain pensions were restored in 
 favour of the Raja Shamsher Ali Khan, father of the present Rdjd Saif Ali 
 Khdn (as also of his kinsman, Sultdn Ahmad Khan of the Ahmadabad 
 family). The Rdjd Saif Ali Khdn succeeded his father, Rdjd Shamsher Ali 
 Khdn. 
 
 Residence. — Find Dddan Khdn, Jheluni, Punjab. 
 
 SAILANA, HIS HIGHNESS RAJA DULEH SINGH, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1841 ; succeeded to the , ?■«<//■ as a minor in 1850. Is descended, 
 through Jai Singh, a younger brother of the Rdjd Mdn Singh of Ratldm, 
 from the family of the Chiefs of the illustrious Rdhtor clan of Rdjputs. In 
 1 63 I Rdjd Ratan Singh, a scion of the Jodhpur House, obtained from the 
 Emperor Shdh Jahdn of Delhi the title of Rdjd and the State of Ratldm, 
 which at that time included Saildna and Sitdmau. On the death of the 
 Rdjd Kcsari Singh of Ratldm in 1709, his eldest son, Mdn Singh, became 
 Rdjd of Ratldm, and the younger, Jai Singh, became Rdjd of Saildna. Jai 
 Singh's descendants became tributary to Sindhia, and subsequently passed 
 under the control bf the British Power. The stale has an area of 1 13 square 
 miles ; and a ])opulation of 29,723, chiefly Hindus, but including about 7000 
 belonging to aboriginal tribes. The Rdjd maintains a military force of 2 i 
 cavalry, 152 infantry, and 3 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 11 guns. 
 
 ResuL-nce. — Sail.ina, Western Mdhvd, Central India. 
 
 SAIVA SAMAYYA CHARIAR TIRUGNANA SAMBHANDHA 
 PANDARA SANNADHI, Kao BahdJur. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893. Is the 
 Head of the Madura Saiva Samayya Chariar Tirugnana Sambhandha Disika 
 Swamiyal Adhina Mattam. 
 
 Residence. — Madura, Madras. 
 
 SAKHARAM BAJI BANDEKAR, Riw Bahddiir. 
 The title was conferred, as a i>ersonal distinction, on ist January 1890. 
 Residence. — Sdwantw;iri, IJombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 475 
 
 SAKTI, RAJA RANJIT SINGH, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 20th October 1836 ; succeeded to the g-adi igth June 1850. 
 Belongs to a Raj Gond (aboriginal) family ; descended from Hari Singh, 
 from whom the Raja Ranjit Singh is fifteenth in lineal descent. The title 
 was originally derived from the Raja of Sambalpur, and was confirmed by 
 Government in 1836. The Raja has two sons, Rup Narayan Singh (bearing 
 the courtesy title of " Burha Raja "), and Chhatarbhan Singh (bearing the 
 courtesy title of " Nanki Tal "). The area of the State is 115 square miles; 
 its population is 22,819, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 ResiJe?!cc. — Sakti, Sambalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 SALADI NAYUDU GARU, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1823. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th 
 May 1884, in recognition of long and meritorious service in the Police. 
 
 Residence. — Vizagapatam, Madras. 
 
 SALIG RAM, LALA, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1829. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 
 31st August 1 87 1, in recognition of long and meritorious service in the 
 Postal Department. The Rai Bahadur belongs to a well-known Kayastha 
 Mathur family of the Agra district. 
 
 Residence. — Agra, North- Western Pro\'inces. 
 
 SALIG RAM, PANDIT, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born nth August 1847. The title was conferred, as a personal dis- 
 tinction, on 2nd January 1888, in recognition of good services rendered 
 in the Postal Department, especially in connection with the development of 
 the rent and revenue money-order system. Belongs to an ancient Brahman 
 family, that came in early times from the Punjab, and settled in Ghazipur 
 district. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 SAMIR MAL, SETH, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Bardr, Merwara. 
 
 SAMTHAR, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA CHHATAR SINGH 
 
 BAHADUR, Rajd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 8th October 1843; succeeded to the gadi 3rd February 1865. 
 Belongs to a Gujar (Hindu) family, descended from Nuni Shah Rajdhar, a 
 Diwan of the State of Dattia, who held from Dattia ^jdgir, of which Samthar 
 was a part. His great-grandson. Raja Ranjit Singh I., declared himself an 
 independent Raja in Samthar, towards the close of the i8th century. He 
 
476 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 died without issue, and was succeeded by a collateral, Raja Ranjit Singh II. ; 
 who received a treaty guaranteeing protection from the British Government 
 in 1817. His descendant was the late Raja Hindupat ; who was succeeded 
 by his son, the present Raja, in 1865. The area of the State is 174 square 
 miles; its population is 38,633, chiefly Hindus, but including 2284 Muham- 
 madans. His Highness maintains a military force of 290 cavalry, 2275 
 infantry, and 46 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 1 1 guns. The 
 Maharaja has several sons — Himat Bahadur Birsinghdeo, Suraia Jah Vikra- 
 maditya Bahadur, Lokindra Jagatraj Bahadur. The family motto is Drarh 
 Charan, Bhii Warati (" The firm foot takes the territory "). 
 Residence. — Samthar, liundclkhand. Central India. 
 
 SANDUR, RAJA RAMCHANDRA VITAL RAO SAHEB, 
 
 Riijd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1849; succeeded to the gadi 5th Februar)' 1879. Belongs to a 
 Mahratta (Hindu) family; descended from Malaji Rao (}horpae, an officer 
 in the Bijapur army, whose son, Biraji, entered the service of Sivaji the 
 Great. Biraji's son, Sidaji, took Sandur from the Bidar Poligdr or Chief; 
 and his conquest was confirmed to him by Sambhaji, the successor of Sivaji. 
 He died in 1 7 1 5, and was succeeded by his second son, Gopdl Rao. Sandur 
 was captured by the Sultan Haidar of Mysore, whose successor, Tippu Sultan, 
 completed the fort; and Gopal Rao's son, Siva Rao, was killed in 1785 in a 
 battle with the Mysore forces. After the fall of Tijipu in 1799 the Peshwd 
 claimed the suzerainty of Sandur; and at his request Sir Thomas Munro 
 with a British force reduced the fort in 18 17. In 1818, after the downfall 
 of the Peshwa's government, Siva Rao II., the adopted son of Sidalji (son of 
 Siva Rao I.), was placed on the gadi; and he received a saiiad from the 
 British Government in 1826. He died in 1840, and was succeeded by his 
 nephew, Venkat Rao; the latter died in 1861, and was succeeded by his 
 eldest son, Siva Shan Mukha Rao. He received the hereditary title of Rajd 
 from Lord Northbrook's Government — the Chiefs having previously been 
 styled Jagirdars of Sandur. He died in 1878, and was succeeded by his 
 half-brother, the present Rdjd. The State (which is enclosed by the British 
 district of Bellar)-, e.xccpt on a small piece of its frontier, which marches with 
 that of .Mysore) has an area of 140 square miles, and a population of 14,999, 
 chiefly Hindus. The Rdjd maintains a military force of 2 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Sandur, Madras. 
 
 SANGLI, DHUNDI RAO CHINTAMAN, Chief of. 
 
 " Talia Saheb. " 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1 2th July 1838 ; succeeded to the ,;'(7,/;' as a minor 15th July 1851. 
 lielongs to the Patwardhan family of Konkani Brahmans, like the Chiefs of 
 Miraj ; descended from Haribliat, who was a military leader under the first 
 Pcshwd. In 1772 the State of Miraj descended to Chintdman Rao, grandson 
 of Govind Rao Hari, to whom it had first been granted by the Peshwa ; and, 
 as he was only a child of six years, his uncle Gangddhar Rao acted as Regent. 
 Ultimately the State was divided between the uncle and the nephew, the 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 477 
 
 former taking Miraj, whilst Sangli fell to Chintaman Rao. On the fall of 
 the Peshwa's Government in 18 18, Chintaman Rao, the father of the present 
 Chief, became a British feudatorj' ; and in 1846 he received a Sword of 
 Honour from the East India Company for his loyalty and high character. 
 He died in 1851, and was succeeded by his son, the present Chief. The 
 area of the state is 1083 square miles; its population is 196,832, chiefly 
 Hindus. The Chief maintains a military force of 54 cavalry, 433 infantry, 
 and 4 guns. 
 
 Residena:. — Sangli, Southern Mahratta Country-, Bombay. 
 
 SANGRI, RAI MIAN HIRA SINGH, Mian of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1856; succeeded to ihe. gadi 30th September 1S76. Belongs to 
 a Rajput family whose founder was a scion of the House of Kulu, who 
 settled in the Sangri territory. His descendants were feudatories of the Sikh 
 Government of the Punjab until 1846. On the annexation of the territories 
 on the left bank of the Sutlej in 1847 by the British Government, the Mian 
 of Sangri was confirmed in the possession of his estate. The courtesy title 
 of the eldest son of the Mian is Tika. The late Rai Mian Jhagar Singh 
 died in 1876, and was succeeded by his son, the present Mian. The area 
 of the State, which is one of the Simla Hill States, is 1 6 square miles ; its 
 population is 2593, nearly all Hindus. The Mian maintains a military 
 force of 10 infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Singri, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 SANJELI, THAKUR PRATAPSINGHJI, TMf:ur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S47. Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family. The area of the 
 State is about 33 square miles; its population 3751, chiefly Bhils (an 
 aboriginal tribe). 
 
 Residence. — Sanjeli, Rewi Kintha, Bombay. 
 
 SANT SINGH (of Sikandra), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sardar belongs to a Sikh family, descended 
 from Sardar Dargaha Singh, who acquired a large territory in the Ambala 
 district, Punjab, by conquest in 1759 a.d. He left four sons, of whom the 
 eldest, Sardar Charat Singh, was the grandfather of the present Sardar. 
 Sardar Charat Singh was succeeded by his son, the late Sardar Bhag Singh ; 
 whose eldest son, Sardar Sant Singh, succeeded him at Sikandra. Sardar 
 Bhag Singh's first cousin — also called Sardar Bhag Singh {g.v.) — is the sur- 
 viving son of Sardar Agar Singh, younger brother of Sardar Charat Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Sikandra, Ambila, Punjab. 
 
478 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SANT SINGH (AIMAWALA), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Sardar being the only son of the famous Sikh 
 leader, Sardar Nar Singh. Belongs to an Uppdl Jdt family, descended from 
 Sardar Natha Singh, who, about the year 1738 a.d., left his home at 
 Lakarki in the Gurdaspur district, and coming to Amritsar district, rebuilt a 
 ruined village, to which he gave the name of Aima — whence the name of 
 the family. His son, the Sardar Sujan Singh, inherited the extensive y</^>y 
 of his uncle, Sardar Dal Singh, as well as the ancestral territory. Sardar 
 Sujan Singh died in 1799 a.d.; and his eldest son, the late Sardar Nar 
 Singh, first joined the misl or confederacy formed by Gulab Singh against 
 the Mahdrdjd Ranjit Singh. Subsequently, however, after the death of 
 Guldb Singh, the Sarddr Nar Singh joined Ranjit Singh, and accompanied 
 him in some of his most famous campaigns. He successively aided the 
 Maharaja against Sardar Jodh Singh, Atdriwala, against Rdjd Sansar Chand 
 of Katoch, and against Hdfiz Ahmad Khdn of Jhang. On the conquest of 
 Kashmir he received a large /</!,•■/> in the Jammu territory. In 1S23 Sarddr 
 Nar Singh fought in the battle of Tehri ; in 1835-36 he accompanied the 
 Sikh force under Prince Kharak Singh against the Mazaris of Mithdnkot ; 
 and during the Sutlcj campaign he served under Sarddr Ran Jodh Singh, 
 Majithia. He remained faithful to the British Government during the 
 Multdn rebellion, and at last this veteran campaigner and brave soldier died, 
 at the age of eighty-five, full of years and honours. He was succeeded by 
 his son, the present Sarddr Sant Singh, Aimawdla, who has a son and heir, 
 the Sarddr Harndm Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Aima, Amritsar, Punjab. 
 
 SANTALPUR AND CHADCHAT, THAKUR LAKHAJI 
 SAMATSINGH, TMkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1852; succeeded to the ^^d'/ as an infant in 1853. Belongs to a 
 Jareja Rdjput family, descended from the ancestors of His Highness the Rao 
 of Kutch {t/.v.) The Thdkur is a Magistrate within the limits of his State. 
 which has an area of 440 square miles, and a population of 20,466, chiclly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Resilience. — Sdntalpur, Pdlanpur, Bombay. 
 
 SARABJIT SINGH (of RAmnagar Dhdmeri), RAIKWAR, >?,//</. 
 
 Born loth November 1829. The title is hereditar)', having been 
 originally conferred by Shujd-ud-dauld ; and the present Rdjd succeeded to it 
 in 1857. He is now the Chief of the great Raikwdr clan of Rdjputs ; for 
 though the head of the junior branch of the Chief's family, the senior branch, 
 that of the Rdjds of Baundi, disappeared from history after the Mutiny, when 
 their estates were confiscated for rebellion. .-Vbout the year 1414 a.d. two 
 brothers, I'artdb Sdh and Dundc Sdh, Rdjputs of the Surdjluinsi or Solar 
 race, migrated from Raika in Kashmir — whence the tribal name of Raik-u'dr 
 — and finally look up their abode at Bukheri in the Pargand of Sailak. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 479 
 
 Partab Sah died, leaving three sons — Saldeo, the ancestor of the Raikwar 
 Rajas of Baundi ; Baldeo, the ancestor of the Raikwar Rajas of Ramnagar 
 Dhameri ; and Bhairwanand. The nephews pretended a prophecy that the 
 uncle must be sacrificed for the future greatness of the family ; so Dunde 
 Sah held out his head to be struck off by his nephews, after which the family 
 was prosperous. Bukheri being washed away by the Gogra, the three 
 brothers settled at Chanda Sihali in Fatehpur. In this village a large 
 chabutra (standing by a masonry well, which is stated to have been made by 
 the Bhars) marks the spot where, according to tradition, Bhairwanand, the 
 youngest brother, fell into the well, and was allowed by the other two 
 brothers to remain there, in order to fulfil another prophecy of a Pandit, that 
 their rule in Sailak would endure so long as Bhairwanand remained at the 
 bottom of a well. To the present day pilgrims of the Raikwar clan come 
 annually to worship at the shrine of Bhairwanand. After this Bal and Sal 
 took service with two Bhar Rajas who held large territories on either side of 
 the Gogra. Sal represented their interests at the Court of the Emperor of 
 Delhi, and Bal became their Naib. The Bhar Rajas fell into arrears of 
 revenue, and a force was sent against them by the Emperor of Delhi ; they 
 were overcome and slain, and their territories made over, those on the right 
 bank (Ramnagar Dhameri) to Bal, and those on the left bank (Bamhnauti, 
 now Baundi) to Sal. In the ninth generation from Bal, Ram Singh adopted 
 his relative Zorawar Singh, who became the first Raja of the clan. In 1751 
 the Raikwars headed a great Hindu movement to shake off the Musalman 
 government of Oudh. Under the Raja Anup Singh of Ramnagar , they 
 marched on Lucknow, but were totally defeated by the Shekhzadas at the 
 battle of Chholaghdt. After this the family lost much of its possessions, but 
 had recovered most before the British annexation in 1855. The grandson 
 of the Raja Anup Singh was the Raja Gur Bakhsh Singh ; who, in the 
 Mutiny of 1S57, joined his kinsman the Raja Hardat Singh of Baundi in 
 rebellion. The latter was transported ; but the former was succeeded by his 
 son, the present Raja, who was not concerned in the rebellion, and thus pre- 
 served a portion of the estate. He has been twice married — (i) to the Rani 
 Chandra Kunwar, and (2) to the Rani Gulab Kunwar. 
 Residence. — Suratganj, Rimnagar, Bara Banki, Oudh. 
 ♦ 
 
 SARABJIT SINGH (of Bhadri), Rai. 
 
 Born loth December 1853; succeeded to the estate and title, which is 
 hereditary, on the death of his father, the late Rai Jagat Bahadur Singh, 
 15th February 1878. Belongs to the Bisen family, of which the head is 
 the Raja Rampal Singh of Rampur (Dharupur), — see Rampal Singh, Raja, — 
 while the head of the whole clan of Bisens is the Raja Udai Narayan ]\Ial of 
 Majhauli — see Udai Narayan Mai, Raja. Of the three sons of Rai Ragho, 
 the eldest, Rai Askaran, became the ancestor of the Rajas of Rampur ; 
 while the youngest, Khem Karan, became the ancestor of the Rais of Bhadri. 
 After the Bisens had slain the Nazim of Oudh, Jeoram Nagar, at the battle 
 of Manikpur in 1748, they made their peace with the Delhi authorities 
 through the intervention of a Ddroga of artillery ; and Jit Singh, the Chief of 
 Bhadri, attended a Darbar and obtained the title of Rai. In 1798 the 
 Nazim Mirza Jan visited Bhadri; he questioned the Rai Daljit Singh 
 about his revenue, with a view to revision, and a quarrel ensued, in which 
 
48o THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 the Rai was killed. His son, Rai Zalim Singh, was thrown into prison at 
 Lucknow for non-payment of the revenue. His wife, the Thakurain Sheoraj 
 Kunwar, boldly collected the rents while her husband was in prison, and was 
 besieged by the Chakladar in the fort at Bhadri ; but orders came from 
 Lucknow to stop the attack, and in 1815 the Rai was released and recovered 
 the estate. Again in 1833 the Nazim Ehsan Husain besieged Rai Jagmohan 
 Singh in Bhadri, on account of his refusing to pay revenue. After a pro- 
 longed siege Jagmohan and his son Bishnath fled across the border to 
 British territory. At Ramchaura Ghat they were surprised by the Ndzim 
 and slain, but the Ndzim was subsequently removed from office because of 
 this violation of British territory. The fort of Bhadri was levelled in 1858 
 by order of Government ; its ruins are still to be seen, covered with pictur- 
 esque clumps of bamboos. 
 
 Residence. — Bhadri, Partdbgarh, Oudh. 
 
 SARAIKELAH, RAJA UDITNARAYAN SINGH DEO 
 BAHADUR, Jidjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S48; succeeded to ihe g^adi 25th November 1883. Belongs to 
 a Rdjput (Hindu) family, descended from a scion of the Porahat house of 
 Orissa. The head of the family anciently bore the title of Kunwar, bestowed 
 by the Rajas of I'orahat. Tiiey appear to have been recognised as Rajas by 
 the Governments of Lord Wellesley and Lord Minto ; and in 1856 the late Raja 
 Chakardhar Singh Deo, father of the present Raja, received the title of Raji 
 Bahddur for his loyalty, high position, approved public and personal 
 character, and the good services rendered by his father, Azambhar Singh, in 
 the Bol Campaign of 1837. The late Raj.i rendered excellent service during 
 the Mutiny of 1857 ; he died in 1883, and was succeeded by his son, the 
 present Rdjd. By the custom of the State the eldest son of the ruling Rdjd 
 bears the title of Tikait. The area of the State (which is one of the Chota 
 Ndgpur Tributary Mahals) is 459 square miles; its population is 77,097, 
 chiefly Hindus. The Rdja has a military force of 4 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Saraikelah, Chota Ndgpur, Bengal. 
 
 SARANGARH, RAJA LAL JAWAHIR SINGH, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1 888; succeeded to the g^iidi as an infant, 2nd October 1890. 
 Belongs to a Gond (aboriginal) family, whose ancestors originally came from 
 Lanji, and for military services rendered to the Raja of Ratanpur were 
 granted the Sarangarh territory, with the title of Rdjd. The late Rdjd 
 Hhawdni I'artdb Singh was born about the year 1865, and came to the ^t^ndr 
 in 1872. He died in 1890, and was succeeded by his infant son, the present 
 Rdjd. The family always use the device of a tortoise on the seal, and for 
 the signature of the Chief 
 
 Residence. — Sarangarh, Sambalpur, Central Provinces 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 481 
 
 SARAT CHANDAR BANARJI, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th February 
 1SS7, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty. The Rai Bahadur, who belongs to a Brahman family of Sibpur, 
 Howrah district, Bengal, is a distinguished graduate of the Calcutta Uni- 
 versity, where he has taken the degrees of M.A. and B.L. 
 
 Residence. — Assam. 
 
 SARAT CHANDRA DAS, CLE. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, ist January 18S6. 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 SARDAR SINGH (of Katehra), Rdjd Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1858. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 19th 
 March 1880, in recognition of his position as representative of his kins- 
 man, the late Raja Ranmast Singh, adopted son and heir of the late Raja 
 Senapat Singh, Rao of Katehra. The Raja belongs to the great Bundela 
 Rajput family of which His Highness the Maharaja of Orchha is the head, 
 and from which are descended most of the principal feudatory Chiefs of 
 Bundelkhand. The Rao Senapat of Katehra in Jhansi rendered most 
 valuable services to Government during the Mutiny of 1857, as a reward 
 for which he obtained the title of Raja Bahadur, as a personal distinction, 
 and to descend to his son, natural or adopted, and also a handsome khilat 
 and a grant of land. He was succeeded by his adopted son, the late Raja 
 Ranmast Singh ; and the latter by the present Raja, son of Lachhman Singh, 
 who was a brother of the Raja Senapat Bahadur. 
 
 Residence. — Katehra, Jhansi, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 SARDAR SINGH (of Dhangaon), Rdwat. 
 
 Born 14th March 1835. The title is hereditary, and the Rdwat or 
 Rao has also been styled the Raja of Mandhata. Belongs to a Bhilala 
 family ; descended from Bharat Singh, a Rajput Chief of the great Chauhan 
 clan. He established himself in the island of Mandhata in the year 1165 
 .\.ii.; and married the daughter of Nathu, the former Bhil Chief of that 
 island. 
 
 Residence. — Dhangaon, Nim^r, Central Provinces. 
 
 SARGUJA, MAHARAJA RAGHUNATH SARAN SINGH DEO, 
 
 Maharaja of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born i860; succeeded to the gadi 25th March 1879. Belongs to a 
 Rajput Raksel (Hindu) family; which was compelled in 1758 to submit to 
 the Mahrattas, and became feudatories of Berar. In 18 18 the State passed 
 under British control, by an agreement with Madhuji Bhonsle (Appa Saheb). 
 In 1826 the title of Alaharaja was conferred on the Chief. He died in 
 
482 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 1 85 1, and was succeeded by the late Mahdrdjd Indrajit Singh Deo, who died 
 in 1879, and was succeeded by his son, the present Maharaja. By the 
 custom of the family the eldest son of the ruling Maharaja bears the courtesy 
 title of Jubaraj or Vuvaraj. The area of the State, which is the largest and 
 most important of the Chota Nagpur Tributary Mahals, is 6103 square 
 miles; its population is 270,336, chiefly Hindus of aboriginal descent, includ- 
 ing many Gonds and Urdons. The Mahdrdjd has a military force of i gun. 
 Residence. — Bisrimpur, Sarguja, Chota Ndgpur, Bengal. 
 
 SARILA, RAJA PAHAR SINGH, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1875; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 19th August 1882. 
 Belongs to the famous liundela family of Rajputs that has given ruling 
 families to Orchha, Panna, Dattia, Ajaigarh, Charkhdri, and most of the other 
 States of Bundelkhand. Jagat Raj, the second son of the great Maharaja 
 Chhatarsal of Panna, became Chief of Jaitpur ; and from him descend the 
 Chiefs of Ajaigarh, Bijawar, Charkhdri, and .Sarila. His eldest son, Kirat 
 Singh, was the ancestor of the Ajaigarh and Charkhdri families ; the second, 
 Bir Singh Deo, of the Bijdwar House ; and the third, Pahdr Singh, retained 
 the Jaitpur Chiefship. He had two sons, of whom the elder, Caj Singh, 
 retained jaitpur, while the younger. Raja Man Singh, became Raja of 
 Sarila. He was succeeded by Tej Singh, who obtained a sanad from the 
 British Government in 1S07. His son and grandson reigned in succession ; 
 and the latter, dying childless, was succeeded by a collateral relative, named 
 Khalak Singh, in 1871. He died in 1882, and was succeeded by his son 
 the present R;ij;l The area of the State is 36 square miles ; its population 
 is 5014, chielly Hindus. 'Ihe Raja maintains a military force of 8 cavalry, 
 1 16 infantry, and 6 guns. 
 
 Rcsidcmc. — Sarila, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 SARNET SINGH (of Katra Belkhera), T/uikur. 
 
 Born 1835. 1''^ t'''*^ is hereditary, having been originally conferred by 
 Nizdm Shdh, Gond Rdjd of Mandla, and recognised by the British Govern- 
 ment. His father, the Thdkur Hindupati of Katra Belkhera, rendered 
 excellent service during the Mutiny of 1857. The Thdkur Sarnet Singh is a 
 brother of the Thdkurs Jawdhir Singh and Dirjan Singh of Katra Belkhera 
 in Jabalpur. 
 
 Residence. — Katra Belkhera, Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 SARUP NARAYAN, PANDIT, C.I.E. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire, ist January 1S80. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SARUP SINGH, MALWAI, Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1850. The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Man Jat family of 
 Sikh Sardars, formerly resident in Nabha. The Sardar Dhanna Singh, son 
 of Mai Singh, and great-grandfather of the present Sardar, entered the 
 service of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1800 a.d., and rapidly rose to 
 favour. He was one of the agents sent by Ranjit Singh to Wazir Fatheh 
 Khan to arrange for the interview which took place between them at Jhelum 
 in 181 2. He fought in several campaigns, and died in May 1843, Ws son 
 Bachattar Singh having died before him. The son and successor of the 
 latter, Sardar Kirpal Singh, was with Raja Sher Singh at Multan in 1 848 ; 
 but when the Raja rebelled, he went over to the camp of Major Edwardes, 
 and as a reward received a large accession of territory at the annexation. 
 He died in 1859; and was succeeded by his only son, the present Sardar, 
 as a minor. 
 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 SARUP SINGH (of ManiwAra), Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Rao Saheb being the brother of Rao Saheb 
 Dharup Singh {q.v.) The ancestor of this family, Kehari Singh, did good 
 service with Sultan Muhammad, Nawab of Rahatgarh, in consideration of 
 which he received the title of Rao Saheb, and a grant of land. The Rao 
 Saheb Jag Raj Singh was succeeded by the present Rao Saheb. 
 
 Residence. — Maniwdra, Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 SARWAN AND SONKHERA, THAKUR AMAR SINGH, 
 
 Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1866; succeeded to the gadi in 1886. Belongs to a Rahtor 
 Rajput family (Hindu). The population of the State is about 5000, chiefly 
 Bhils (aboriginal tribe). 
 
 Residence. — Sarwdn, Western Mdlwd, Central India. 
 
 SATHAMBA, THAKUR WAJESINGHJI AJABSINGHJI, 
 
 Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1863. Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family that came from Sind, 
 and obtained the Sathamba Taluk from Mahmud Begara. Descended from 
 Thakur Wajesinghji ; from whom, in the sixth generation, was the late 
 Thdkur Ajabsinghji, who was born in 1844, and succeeded to \.)negadi'm 1867. 
 He was succeeded by his son, the present Thakur. The State, which is 
 tributary to Baroda, Balasinor, and Lunawara, has an area of 16 square 
 miles, and a population of 5360. 
 
 Residence. — Sathamba, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
484 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SATLASNA, THAKUR HARISINGHJI, 
 ThAkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1 6th November 1849; succeeded to the 
 gadi 23rd April 1871. Claims descent from a 
 Chauhan Rajput Chief, Mulaji, who came from 
 Nana Varda in Mawar, and settled at Mdwar near 
 Satlasna in 1459 a.d. The Thakur of Bhalusna 
 {q.v.) is descended from a junior branch of the 
 same family. The Thakur has two sons, Kunwar 
 R.ijputs c-iiied rtfl*™, used Takhtsinsrhji and Kunwar Tawdnsinehji. The 
 
 m the sell and for signature. , . , . ., ' , 
 
 (.\ circle with four T^^ias or State, which IS tributary to Baroda and to Idar, 
 
 Tndents as radii at the car- haS a pODulation of 7S94. 
 dinal points.) '^ ' < .»-> 
 
 Residence. — Satlasna, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 The .'inHtak of the ChauMn 
 
 SATYA SHRI GHOSAL, Kumar. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on iSth July 1861, in 
 recognition of his position as the son of the late Rajd Satyanand Ghosdl. 
 Belongs to a family descended from the Rajd Jai Narayan Ghosdl, who was 
 the right-hand man of Mr. Verelst, Governor of Bengal in succession to 
 Lord Clive in 1767. 
 
 Residence. — Bhookoylash, 24-Pargands, Bengal. 
 
 SAURENDRA MOHAN TAGOR, SIR, KT., C.I.E., Rdjd. 
 
 Sec Tagore. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 485 
 
 SAVANUR, ABDUL TABRIZ KHAN DILBR JANG BAHADUR, 
 
 N^mudb of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1864; succeeded to the g-adi in 1885. Belongs to an Afghan 
 (Muhammadan) family, descended from Abdul Karim Khan, who had a 
 village near Delhi granted to him by the Emperor of Delhi. Seventeenth in 
 descent from him was Ragti Bahlol, who was in the service of the Mughal 
 Emperor Shah Jahan ; and being dissatisfied with his position therein, 
 quitted it, and took service under Ali Adil Shah, King of Bijapur. His 
 grandson, Abdul Karim Khan, greatly distinguished himself by suppressing a 
 revolt of Faligdrs and Jumdddrs in the Deccan, and Sikandar Adil Shah 
 granted him a very large y^/j^/r. Abdul Karim Khan's eldest son became the 
 founder of the powerful family, of the Nawabs of Cuddapah (Kadapa), in the 
 Madras Presidency ; whilst his fourth son, Abdul Rauf Khan, who had 
 married a daughter of Ali Adil Shah, the King of Bijapur, succeeded to the 
 ancestral estate. In 1680, when the King was hard pressed in Bijapur by 
 the Emperor Aurangzeb, he sent Abdul Rauf Khan to deliver up the seal 
 and insignia of State to the conqueror ; and by the address with which he 
 conducted the negotiations, Abdul Rauf Khan rose high in Aurangzeb's 
 favour. He received from the Emperor the grant of the jdgir of Bankapur, 
 Torgal, and Azimnagar, with the title of Dalel Khan Bahadur Diler Jang, 
 and a matisab or command of 7000 horse. After a reign of thirty-five years, 
 Abdul Rauf Khan died in 1715, and was succeeded by his son, Abdul Gafur 
 Khan. The latter was followed by his son, Abdul Majid Khan, who ruled 
 from 1722 to 1751, and raised the power of Savanur to its highest pitch. 
 He was slain in a battle with the forces of Muzaffar Jang, the Subahdar of 
 the Deccan ; who was himself subsequently slain by the Nawabs of 
 Cuddapah and Karnal in revenge. Abdul Majid's son, Abdul Hakim Khan 
 Saheb, succeeded in 1752, and ruled for forty years. He was frequently 
 involved in war with the Sultan Haidar Ali of Mysore ; but ultimately a 
 marriage was arranged between the daughter of Haidar Ali (sister of Tippu 
 Sultan) and the son of the Nawab, and the Mysore sovereign conferred on the 
 Nawab the sovereignty over twelve districts on condition of military service. 
 Tippu, however, attacked the Nawab, whereupon the latter transferred his 
 allegiance to the Mahrattas. ^Vhen Tippu crossed the Tungabhadra and 
 marched to Savanur, the Nawab was joined by Holkar, and also by Hari 
 Pant, the famous Mahratta leader ; and ultimately a treaty of peace was 
 concluded in 1787, by which Tippu engaged to restore the Nawab's jdgir. 
 The Nawab obtained a large pension from the Peshwa ; which was subse- 
 quently converted, at the instance of General Wellesley (afterwards Duke of 
 Wellington), into an equivalent grant of territory. From 1792 to 1826 
 Abdul Khair Khan occupied the gadi at Savanur, and was succeeded by three 
 sons, the first two of whom only survived their accession to the gadi a very 
 short time. The third son, Abdul Dalel Khan Saheb, was better educated than 
 most Musalman nobles ; and in recognition of his ability and high character 
 he was appointed in 1862 a Member of the Legislative Council of Bombay. 
 He died in the same year, and was succeeded by his son, the Nawab Abdul 
 Khair Khan, who died in 1868, and was succeeded by the late Nawab Abdul 
 
486 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Dalil Khan as a minor. The latter was educated at the Rajdram College, 
 Kolhapur, and was a young Chief of high character and great promise. He 
 came of age in 18S3, and was duly installed as Nawdb, but unfortunately 
 died in 1884. He was succeeded by the present Nawdb. The State has an 
 area of 70 square miles, and a population of 16,491, chiefly Hindus. 
 Residence. — Savanur, Dhdrwdr, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 4S7 
 
 SAW HLA PE.U, MAUNG, Kyet Thaye zauiig shwe Sahve ya Min. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1890; 
 it is indicated by the letters K.S.M. after the name, and means "Recipient 
 of the Gold Chain of Honour." 
 
 Residence. — Kyaukse, Burma. 
 
 SAW KAN MUN, SAWBWA, Kyet Thaye zanng shivc Sahve ya Min. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th February 1887, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 It is indicated by the letters K.S.M. after the name, and means "Recipient 
 of the Gold Chain of Honour." 
 
 Residence. — Thaungthut, Burma. 
 
 SAW ON (SAWBWA), Kyet Thaye zaung shwe Salwe ya Min. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 17th April 1890. 
 It is indicated by the letters K.S.M. after the name, and means "Recipient 
 of the Gold Chain of Honour." 
 
 Residence. — N yaungwye, Burma. 
 
 SAWANTWARI, RAGHUNATH SAWANT BHONSLE RAJE 
 
 BAHADUR, Sir Desai of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 20th September 1862 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 29th 
 August 1870. Belongs to a branch of the great Mahratta family of Bhonsle ; 
 descended from Mang Sawant, who about the year 1554 a.d. revolted 
 from Bijapur, and maintained his independence during his lifetime. His 
 immediate successors again became feudatories of the Bijapur kingdom ; but 
 his descendant, Khem Sawant Bhonsle, who ruled from 1627 to 1640, 
 secured the independence of Sawantwari. His son, Sorn Sawant, ruled for 
 about eighteen months ; and was then succeeded by his brother, Lakham 
 Sawant, who tendered his allegiance to the great Sivaji, and was confirmed 
 by him as Sir Desai of the South Konkan, including Sawantwari. Lakham 
 Sawant's brother, Phond Sawant, was succeeded by his son, Khem Sawant II., 
 who received further grants from Sahu Raja, grandson of Sivaji. This Chief, 
 who ruled from 1709 to 1737, concluded a treaty with the British Govern- 
 ment against the notorious piratical leader, Kanoji Angria of Kolaba. A 
 third Khem Sawant, commonly called Khem Sawant the Great, ruled from 
 1755 to 1803 ; he married the daughter of Jayaji Sindhia, and obtained the 
 title of Raje Bahadur from the Mughal Emperor of Delhi. He died without 
 issue in 1803. In 1805 his widow, Lakshmibai, adopted a son, Ramchandra 
 Sawant alias Bhau Saheb ; he was, however, strangled shortly afterwards, and 
 was succeeded by Phond Sawant, another minor scion of the Bhonsle 
 family. He died about the year 181 2, and was succeeded by his minor son, 
 named Khem Sawant ; and the latter was followed in 1870 by the present 
 
488 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Sir Desai. This title is said to have been originally derived from the Kings 
 of Bijapur. The Sir Desai was educated at the Rajkumar College, Rajkot. 
 The area of his State is 926 square miles, its population is 174,433, chiefly 
 Hindus. The Chief maintains a military force of 1 2 cavalry, 400 infantry, 
 and 34 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns. 
 Residence. — Wdri, Bombay. 
 
 SAYLA, THAKUR SAHEB WAKHATSINGHJI KESRISINGHJI, 
 
 Thdkiir Saheb of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1846; succeeded to the ^'ud'/ 4th October 1S81. Belongs to the 
 great Jhdla Rajput family of which the head is His Highness the Maharana 
 Raj Saheb of Dhrangadra {q.v.) The late Thakur of Sayla, Kesrisinghji, 
 received the title of Thdkur Saheb as a personal distinction in 1874. He 
 ruled from 1837 to 1881 ; and was then succeeded by his son, the present 
 Thakur, who has also received the title of Thakur Saheb as a personal 
 distinction. The area of his State is 222 square miles; its population is 
 16,991, chiefly Hindus. The Thakur Saheb maintains a military force of 
 10 cavalry, 281 infantry, and 2 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Sayla, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 SAYYID AHMAD KHAN BAHADUR, K.C.S.I., The Hon. Sir. 
 
 Is famous throughout India as the founder of the great Aligarh Muhani- 
 madan College, and one of the leading members of the Muhammadan com- 
 munity of Northern India. Belongs to a Muhammadaa' family of distinction, 
 claiming descent from the Prophet. Served for many years in the Judicial 
 Service of the North-Western Provinces, and is now a Member of the Legis- 
 lative Council of the Lieutenant-Governor of those Provinces, and a Fellow 
 of the Allahabad University. For his eminent services in all these capacities 
 he was created a Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star 
 of India, ist January 1S8S. Has a son and heir, the Hon. Mr. Justice 
 Mahmud, Puisne Judge of the High Court of the North-Western Provinces. 
 
 Residence. — Aligarh, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 SAYYID AHMAD KHAN, KAZI, CLE., A7w« BaMdur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 29th November 
 1880. The Khan Bahadur was created a Companion of the Most Eminent 
 Order of the Indian Empire on ist January 1888. 
 
 Residence. — I 'c sh .-1 wa r, 1 ' u n j ab. 
 
 SAYYID ALVI, JAMADAR, AJidn Buhddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i8th February 
 1868. 
 
 Residence. — J un.-iyarh, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 489 
 
 SAYYID HASAN ALI, SIR, G.C.I.B., Naiudh Bahadur. 
 See Murshidabad. 
 
 SAYYID HUSAIN BILGRAMI, Naimb Imdd-ul-Mulk Bahadur. 
 
 The Nawab Bahadur is at present Director of Public Instruction in the 
 Government of His Highness the Nizam of the Deccan ; and the title of 
 Nawab Imad-ul-Mulk Bahadur was conferred on him by His Highness the 
 Nizam, in recognition of his eminent services to that State, especially in the 
 cause of education. Educated at Presidency College, Calcutta (1866 B.A.), 
 he is well known throughout India as an accomplished scholar, both English 
 and oriental ; and has long occupied the honourable post of Private 
 Secretary to His Highness the Nizam. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Deccan. 
 
 SAYYID HUSAIN SAHBB, Khan Saheb. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist June 1888. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 SAYYID JAMAL SAYYID MOHI-UD-DIN, Khan Saheb. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist May 1890. 
 Residence. — Khdndesh, Bombay. 
 
 SAZAWAR, MUNSHI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 2nd January 1S88. 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 SESHAYYA SASTRIYAR, A., C.S.I. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of 
 India on ist Januarj' 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India, in recognition of his eminent 
 services as Diwan or Prime Minister of Travancore. Had been appointed a 
 Fellow of the University of Madras, 1868 ; and became a Member of the 
 Legislative Council of Fort St. George, 1878, and a Member of the Viceroy's 
 Legislative Council, 1879. ^^ was appointed by the late Maharaja of 
 Travancore, with the sanction of the Government of India, Diwan or Prime 
 Minister of Travancore in 1876. Subsequently he became Sarkil of the 
 State of Pudukota ; and in 1886 he was promoted to be Diwan-Regent of 
 that State. 
 
 Residence. — Pudukota, Trichinopoly District, Madras. 
 
490 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SHABAN ALI KHAN, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 7th December 1888, 
 in recognition of his public spirit in forwarding improvements in Indian 
 agriculture, and in undertaking agricultural experiments on the Salempur 
 estate and its neighbourhood. Belongs to a Musalman Sayyid family, 
 claiming descent (as implied by the term Sayyid) from the family of the 
 Prophet. The Khdn Bahadur is an Honorary Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Salempur, Lucknow, Ouclh. 
 
 SHAH MUHAMMAD walad ALI GAUHAR KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. See Khairpur. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 SHAH MUHAMMAD -.I'alad ALI GAUHAR KHAN 
 (of Maganwali), Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation. Sc( Khairpur. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 SHAH MUHAMMAD KHAN 7valad GHULAM MURTAZA 
 
 KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at tiie lime of the annexation. See Khairpur. 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 SHAH NAWAZ KHAN, MIR (of Tando Mir), His Highness. 
 
 Born 20th January- 1S43. The title of "His Highness" was conferred, 
 as a personal distinction, in recognition of his position as a son of the late 
 Mir Nur Muhammad Khan, Amir of Sind at the time of the annexation. 
 Belongs to the Shdhdddani branch of the Tdlpur family, formerly the ruling 
 family of Sind ; tracing their descent from the Baluch Chief, Mir Shdhdad 
 Khdn, who came from Baluchistdn to Sind during the rule of Nur Muham- 
 mad of the Kalhora dynasty. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 SHAH PASAND KHAN (of Quibela), Arha/'. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th May 1S81 
 Rciiiience. — I'esli;iwar, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 491 
 
 SHAHAB-UD-DIN, KAZI, CLE. (of SAwantwAri), Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 18S7. 
 The Khan Bahadur has rendered distinguished service both to the Bombay 
 Government and to that of His Highness the Maharaja Gaekwar of Baroda. 
 He was for some years Prime Minister of Baroda ; and was created a Com- 
 panion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire on ist January 
 1880. 
 
 Residence. — Baroda (now in Bombay). 
 
 SHAHAMAT ALI, MIR, C.S.I., Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 Born loth January 1840. The title was conferred, as a personal dis- 
 tinction, on 25th October 1865, in recognition of eminent services in the 
 Political Department. Belongs to an Arab Musalman (Shaikh Anseri) 
 family, that migrated from Arabia to India in early times, and settled first in 
 Panipat. Subsequently the family obtained certain rent - free lands in 
 Mandawar from the Muhammadan Government of Delhi, and they removed 
 to that town. The Mir has served in Afghanistan and in Central India, 
 and he was specially selected for the important post of Superintendent of the 
 Ratlam State. He was created a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of 
 the Star of India, 30th June 1871. 
 
 Residence. — Bijnor, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 SHAHBAZ KHAN, SARDAR, Nawdb. 
 
 The title of Nawab was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist 
 January 1S90. 
 
 Residence. — Baluchistan. 
 
 SHAHDEO SINGH (of Pandriganeshpur), Shdhzdda Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1844. These titles are personal, being the courtesy titles of a 
 grandson of the late Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore. The Shahzada 
 Bahadur is the son of the late Sardar Sher Singh ; he is a nephew of His 
 Highness the Maharaja Sir Dalip Singh, G. C.S.I. , and is related by marriage 
 to His Highness the Maharaj Rana of Dholpur. The Shahzada left the 
 Punjab in 1849, ^f^d has lived in Oudh since October 1861. He enjoys an 
 hereditary jdgir from the British Government, as well as a considerable 
 personal allowance. 
 
 Residence. — Rae Bareli, Oudh. 
 
 SHAHPURA, RAJA DHIRAJ NAHAR SINGH, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Bom 1855; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 2nd November 1869. 
 Belongs to the illustrious family of the Chiefs of the Sesodia clan of Rajputs; 
 being descended from Suraj Mai, a younger son of the Maharana of Udaipur, 
 
492 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 from whom the present Raja of Shdhpura is eleventh in descent. Suraj Mai 
 received as his portion the Pargana of Kherar in Udaipur ; and his son 
 received from the Kmperor Shah Jahdn of Delhi a grant of a part of the 
 crown lands of Ajmir, on a feudal tenure. The Rdjd is thus a feudatorj' 
 of His Highness the Mahdrand, as well as directly of the (lOvernment. The 
 area of the State is 400 square miles; its population is 51,750, chiefly 
 Hindus, but including 2771 Muhammadans. The Rdjd maintains a military 
 force of 265 cavalry, 240 infantry, and 42 guns. 
 Residence. — Shdhpura, Rdjputdna. 
 
 SHAJAOTA, THAKUR KHUSHAL SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 .K Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1840; succeeded to xk\& gadi as a minor in 1851. Belongs to a 
 Rajput (Hindu) family. The population of the State is about 800, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Shajaota, Western Mdlwd, Central India. 
 
 SHAM MOHINI, Mahdrdni. 
 
 Born August 1833. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, 
 on 26th July 1875, 'f recognition of her eminent services during the famine 
 of 1873-74. The title of Mahdrdjd has since been conferred on the 
 Mahdrdni's adopted son, the Mahdrdjd Girija Nath Rai of Dindjpur ; under 
 whose name will be found an account of this family. The Mahdrdni's late 
 husband, the Rdjd Tarak Nath of Dindjpur, was in possession of the title 
 and estate from 1840 to 1865 ; in the latter year he died, and was succeeded 
 by his widow, the present Mahdrdni. The family cognisance is a lion 
 guardant rampant attacked by two elephants rampant. 
 
 Residence. — Dindjpur, Bengal. 
 
 SHAM SINGH (of Lidhran), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1S38. The title is hereditary. '1 he Sarddr is one of the Chiefs 
 of the Lidhran family of Sikh Sardars, descended from Sarddr Jai Singh of 
 the Nishanwdla misl or confederacy. See Albel Singh, Sarddr ; Saheb Singh, 
 Sarddr ; and others. Sarddr Jai Singh's only son, Sarddr Charat Singh, 
 married three wives, by each of whom he had children, who succeeded to 
 the estates in accordance with the rule of Chanda J'and, which obtains in 
 this family. Sarddr Shdm Singh is the son of the late Sarddr Rdjd Singh, 
 the second son of the Sarddr Charat Singh. The Sarddr has two sons, the 
 elder of whom is his heir, and is named Sundar Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Lidhran, Ludhidna, Punjab. 
 
 SHAMA CHARAN MISR, Rdjd. 
 
 Born 14th June 1861. The title is hcreditar>', and the present Rdjd 
 succeeded his father, the late R.djd Kalka Parshdd, in 1884. The family 
 are Kanaujiya ISrdhmans, descended from Misr Baijndth, an influential and 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF IXDIA 493 
 
 wealth)' banker of Bareilly, who rendered excellent services to the British 
 Government, at the risk of his life, during the Mutiny of 1857. The Raja 
 Misr Baijnath died in 1867, and was succeeded by his grandson, the late 
 Raja Kalka Parshad. The latter died in 1884, and was succeeded by his 
 son, the present Raja. The family estate, granted by Government in 1S61 
 with the title, has since 1887 been under the management of the Raja's 
 cousin, the Kunwar Misr Har Charan. The Raja has a son, aged two 
 years. 
 
 Residence. — Bareilly, North- Western Provinces. 
 
 SHAMBHU NARAYAN SINGH (of Sayadpur Bhitari), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1839. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 13th 
 January 1871. Belongs to the Gautam clan of Bhuinhar Brahmans, of the 
 same family as that of the Maharaja of Benares ; tracing their descent from 
 Mardan Sahai, who was Talukdar of Auradpur in the year 1704 a.d. His 
 son, Daya Ram, succeeded him ; and when Balwant Singh succeeded to the 
 Benares Raj in 1736, Babu Ausan Singh, son of Daya Ram, was appointed 
 his principal officer. In 1767 Chet Singh became Raja of Benares, and 
 Ausan Singh had to flee, and seek protection from the British Government. 
 Subsequently, on the intervention of the Government, he obtained from 
 Raja Chet Singh the grant of Sayadpur Bhitari ; and siding with the Govern- 
 ment in the hostilities that followed, he was entrusted with the management 
 of the Benares Raj after the defeat and flight of Chet Singh. He died in 
 1800, and was succeeded by his son, Babu Sheo Narayan Singh, who 
 rendered good service in the disturbances of 181 1, and received 3. khilat 
 from the Governor-General as a reward. He died in 1830, and was suc- 
 ceeded by his son, Babu Har Narayan Singh; the latter died in 1846, and 
 his eldest son, Deo Narayan Singh, received the khilat of investiture, and in 
 1853 obtained the title of Rai Bahadur for his services in the disturbances 
 of that year. During the Mutiny of 1857 the Rai Deo Narayan Singh 
 placed all his resources at the disposal of Government, rescued the missionary 
 fugitives, and rendered other good services, and was rewarded with the 
 title of Raja, a valuable khilat, and other considerable grants. In the 
 Darbar held at Agra in 1866, Raja Deo Narayan Singh was created a Knight 
 Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. He died on 
 28th August 1870, and was succeeded by his son, the present Raja. 
 
 Residence. — Benares, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 SHAMBHU NATH, LALA, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 17th May i 847. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, 
 on ist June 1888, in recognition of long and meritorious services in the 
 Postal Department. 
 
 Residence. — Allahabad, North- Western Provinces. 
 
 SHAMS-UD-DIN ALT KHAN, SAYYID, Khd?i Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1878. 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Deccan. 
 
494 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SHANKAR BAKHSH SINGH, SIR, K.C.I. B. 
 (of Thalrai, Khajurgaon), Rdnd. 
 
 Born 27th December 1839. The Rdnd is the head of a younger branch 
 (known as the Simbasi House) of the Bais Tilokchandi clan of Rdjputs, of 
 which the Chief is the Rdja Sheopal Singh (t/.r.) of Murarmau. The title of 
 Rand is hereditary, having been conferred by the Rajd Digbijai Singh of 
 Murarmau, acknowledged by the former Kings of Oudh, and finally recog- 
 nised by Government in 1877. For some centuries the Rdnds of Khajur- 
 gaon have taken a prominent part in the wars and political movements 
 generally of this part of Oudh ; and though the Rdnd Raghundth Singh in 
 the early part of the Mutiny of 1857 took part with the rebels, he made his 
 submission early in 1858, and thereafter rendered very good service to the 
 Government, maintaining its authority throughout the country of his clan, 
 known as Baiswdra, and assisting in preparing and guarding the bridge at 
 Bithoraghat. He was succeeded by his grandson, the present Rdnd, who 
 received a Medal of Honour at the Imperial Assemblage of Delhi on ist 
 January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty as Empress of India ; and was created a Companion of the Most 
 Eminent Order of the Indian Empire in 1882, and a Knight Commander of 
 the same Order in 1S87. In 1886 he was appointed a Member of the 
 Viceroy's Legislative Council. He is an Honorary Magistrate and Assistant 
 Collector ; and is the Vice-President of the Oudh branch of the British 
 Indian Association. He has a son and heir, named Kunwdr Ldl Chandra 
 15hukan Singh, born i860. 
 
 Residence. — Khajurgaon, Rae Bareli, Oudh. 
 
 SHANKAR DAYAL SINGH, Rat Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 6th July 1888. 
 The Rai Bahadur is an Honorary Magistrate of Shdhabad. 
 
 Residence. — Kesath, Shdhabad, Bengal. 
 
 SHANKAR SINGH (of Bilram), Riijd Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1843. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 4th 
 May 1880. Belongs to a Kayastha family. His father, Dilsukh Rai, 
 rendered good service to the Government during the Mutiny of 1857 ; and 
 in acknowledgment thereof, he received the title of Rdjd Bahddur as a 
 personal distinction, a valuable khilat, and a grant of lands in May 1859. 
 He died in 18S0, and was succeeded by his son, the present Rdjd Bahddur, 
 who received the continuation to himself of the paternal honours. He is an 
 Honorary Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Bilrdni, Etah, North-Westcm Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 495 
 
 SHANOR, RANA KHUSALSINGHJI, Rand of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born 1835. Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family. The Rana, who is 
 one of the Talukdars in the Sankheda Mewas of Rewa Kantha, is a Magis- 
 trate within the limits of his State. The State has an area of 4 square miles. 
 Residence. — Shanor, Rewi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 SHAPUR, JARBJA BHUPATSINGH AMARSINGH, TdhiMdr of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S67 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 25th December 1878. 
 Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) familj-. The area of the State is 10 square 
 miles; its population 1237, chiefly Hindus. The Talukdar maintains a 
 military force of 16 men. 
 
 Residence. — Shapur, Kathiawdr, Bombay. 
 
 SHASHI SHEKHARESHWAR RAI (of TAhirpur), Rdjd. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1889, 
 in recognition of his eminent services in the cause of the improvement of 
 Indian agriculture, and of his public spirit as a landed proprietor of the 
 Rajshahi district. 
 
 Residence. — Tdhirpur, Rdjshahi, Bengal. 
 
 SHASTIYAR RAI, Rat Bahddur. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January T893, fo'' 
 eminent services in the Medical Department. Holds the rank of Assistant 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Residence. — Bareilly, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 SHEOBARAN SINGH, Rao. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Rao belongs to the Kinwar clan of 
 Rajputs, claiming descent from Rao Dalpat Singh, son of Maharup Singh, 
 who came to Charwapatha, and settled in Bohami and Kareli. His de- 
 scendants subsequently settled in Narsinghpur. 
 
 Residence. — Narsinghpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 SHBODARSHAN SINGH (of Gopdlpura), Rao. 
 
 Born 20th September 1859. The title is hereditary, the Rao being the 
 Chief of one branch of the great Kachhwaha clan of Rajputs, and con- 
 sequently of the Surdjbansi or Solar race, and claiming connection with the 
 families of His Highness the Maharaja of Jaipur {q.v.\ and of the Raja Ram 
 Singh of Rampura. This branch of the family is descended from Raja 
 Nirpat Singh of Sahor in Gwalior territory. His elder son. Raj Shah, obtained 
 the title of Raja, and was the ancestor of the Rajas of Sahor; the younger, 
 Alam Rao, obtained the title of Rao, and became the ancestor of the Raos 
 of Gopalpura. The possessions of the family were greatly reduced by the 
 conquests of Sindhia. The late Rao Lachhman Singh died on 6th October 
 1878, and was succeeded by his son, the present Rao, who has the powers of 
 a Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Jalaun, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
496 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SHEOGARH, THAKUR MOTI SINGH, T/tdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1857 ; succeeded to xhtgadi as a minor in 1864. Belongs to a 
 Rajput (Hindu) family. 
 
 Residence. — Sheogarh, Western Mdlwd, Central India. 
 
 SHEOLAL SINGH (of Dharampura), Thdkur. 
 
 Born loth March 1819. The title is hereditary, having been originally 
 conferred by the old Mahratta Government, and confirmed by the British 
 ("lovemment. The Thdkur displayed active loyalty to Government during 
 tlie Mutiny of 1857, and received a considerable grant of lands as a reward. 
 He has a son, named Kumar Daulat Singh, and his brother's son is named 
 Kumar Kamod Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Dharampura, Damoh, Central Provinces. 
 
 SHEONARAYAN, MUNSHI, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born loth September 1S33. The title was conferred, as a personal 
 distinction, on i6th February 18S7, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the 
 reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. Belongs to a well-known Kayastha 
 family. His great-grandfather was Minister of the Raja Chet Singh of 
 Benares, and his father and grandfather held responsible posts under 
 the British Government. The Rai Bahadur also rendered good service 
 to Government, and in i868 was appointed Secretary to the Agra 
 Municipality. On 1st January 1877,31 the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi 
 on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India, he received a Certificate of Honour. In 1879 he was 
 jiresented in Darbar with a khilat for the good service rendered by him 
 during the famine in connection with relief works. 
 
 Residence. — Agra, North-Western i'rovinccs. 
 
 SHEONARAYAN SINGH (of Lidhran), Sarddr. 
 
 Born about 1 83S. The title is hereditar)-. The Sardir is one of the 
 Chiefs of the Lidhran family of Sikh Sarddrs, descended from Sarddr Jai 
 Singh, of the Nishanwala misl or confederacy {see Sham Singh, Sarddr ; 
 .Saheb Singh, Sarddr; and others). Sarddr Jai Singh's only son, Sarddr 
 Charat Singh, married three wives, by each of whom he had children, who 
 succeeded to the estates in accordance witii the rule of C/ianda I and, which 
 obtains in this family. Sarddr Sheondrdyan Singh is the son of the late 
 Sarddr Chimman Singh, who was the younger brother of Sarddr Budh Singh, 
 and younger son of Sarddr Wazir Singh, the eldest son of Sarddr Charat 
 Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Lidhran, Luclhidna, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 497 
 
 SHEONARAYAN SINGH (of ParkhaU), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1857. The title is hereditar)-. Belongs to a Nihang Sikh family ; 
 descended from Sardar Prem Singh, who came from Kali in the Kasur sub- 
 division of the Lahore district, and established himself at Parkhali in the 
 Ambala district in 1759 a.d. His grandson, Sardar Kharak Singh, was 
 present on the side of the British Government at the battle of Mudki. He 
 rendered good service also during the Mutiny of 1857, and was suitably 
 rewarded by the Government. On his death he was succeeded by his son, 
 the present Sardar Sheonarayan Singh, who has a son and heir named Surat 
 Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Parkhali, Ambila, Punjab. 
 
 SHEONATH SINGH (of Bithar), Rdjd. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, in 1864. 
 Residence. — Unao, Oudh. 
 
 SHBOPAL SINGH (of Murarmau), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 7th June 1S34; succeeded his father, the late Rdja Digbijai Singh, 
 C.S.I, (illustrious as the saviour of the four survivors of the Cawnpore 
 massacre), in 1S67. The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred 
 by the Emperor Muhammad Shah of Delhi, and confirmed by the British 
 Government. Is the Chief of the great Bais Tilokchandi clan of Rajputs, 
 claiming direct descent from Pirthi Chand, eldest son of Tilok Chand. The 
 origin of the Bais clan is traced to Salivahana, son of the World-Serpent, 
 said to have been brought up by a potter on the banks of the Narbada, to 
 have conquered King Vikramaditya with an army of clay figures which turned 
 to living brass at the time of battle, and to have become Emperor of India. 
 His descendant, Abhai Charan, rescued the daughter of the Gautama King 
 of Argal from the forces of the Subahdar, and was rewarded with the hand 
 of the princess, and the viceroyalty of the country, afterwards known as 
 Baiswara (from the name of his clan), in Oudh. Abhai Chand's grandson, 
 Siddhu Rai, took possession of Murarmau and Daundia Khera. His 
 descendant. Raja Satna, was killed by the Emperor Husain Shah of Jaunpur ; 
 but his Rani escaped, and gave birth to a son, the famous Tilok Chand, who 
 ultimately conquered all Eastern Oudh. On his death his eldest son, Pirthi 
 Chand, took the western Provinces, and became the ancestor of the Chiefs 
 of Murarmau, of Daundia Khera, and of Purwa. The late Raja Digbijai 
 Singh of Murarmau was the senior representative of this great family, and 
 rendered conspicuous service to the Government throughout the Mutiny of 
 1857. He received, as a reward, large grants of territory, including most of 
 the confiscated lands of his kinsman, the rebel Chief of Daundia Khera. He 
 was invested with the powers of an Assistant Collector, and subsequently 
 created a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. He 
 was succeeded by his son, the present Raja, in 1867. The latter is an 
 Honorary Magistrate and Assistant Collector, and has issue, two daughters. 
 
 Residence. — Murarmau, Rae Bareli, Oudh. 
 
 2 K 
 
498 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SHEOPRASAD SINGH (of Parenda), Jidjd. 
 
 Born 19th March 1834. The title is hereditary, having been originally 
 assumed by Udebhan, a remote ancestor of the family, and confirmed by the 
 British Government in 1S77. The Raja is the Chief of the Dikhit clan of 
 Rijputs, claiming descent from the Surdjbansi or Solar Kings of Ajudhya. 
 The traditions of the clan state that Raja Durgban left Ajudhya and migrated 
 to Gujarat, where his descendants took the name of Durgbans. One of 
 these. Kalian Sah, Durgbans, went to pay homage to the Raja Vikramaditya, 
 and received from him, about 50 ii.c, the name of Dikhit, which his de- 
 scendants adopted. Balbhaddar Dikhit was in the service of the Rdhtor 
 Emperor of Kanauj, and received from him a territor)' in Bdnda. His 
 grandson, Jaswant Singh, had four sons ; of these the second, Udebhan, 
 migrated to Oudh, and settled in the countr)' afterwards called, from the name 
 of the clan, Dikhtiyana, of which he dubbed himself Rdja. Sixth in descent 
 from him was the Raja Runa Singh ; he had six sons, who partitioned 
 Dikhtiydna among them, the second son, Pannamal, settling in I'athcora, 
 and becoming the ancestor of the Parenda Rdjas. Rdjd Pannamal was 
 slain in battle, fighting against Muhammad Amin Khan, the General of the 
 Emperor Akbar ; and thereupon the Chandel Raja of Sheorajpur made pre- 
 parations for annexing Dikhtiydna. But the Dikhits sent for the young son 
 of Pannamal, the Rdjd Xirbdhan, who had gone with his mother to her home, 
 and hastened to the banks of the Ganges to meet the Chandels. The issue 
 being referred to single combat, the Rdjd Nirbdhan slew the Chandel Rdjd, 
 shooting him with an arrow through the forehead. Nirbdhan thereafter 
 settled at the town of Unao, and did not rebuild his father's fort of Patheora. 
 His grandson, Rdjd Bir Singh Deo, built Birsinghpur ; but his son, Rdjd 
 Khirat Singh, removed thence, and built the fort of Parenda, where his 
 descendants still live. About the year 1700 .^.n. his great-grandson, the 
 Rdjd Hari Singh, rebelled, but his fort was taken and his lands confiscated. 
 A descendant, the Rdjd Chandi Bakhsh, being regarded by the clan as lazy 
 and incapable, was deposed by the brotherhood, who elected Rdjd Daya 
 Shankar, his first cousin, in his place. Chandi Bakhsh died in 1852. Daya 
 Shankar made considerable additions to the estates, and rendered good 
 service to the Government during the Mutiny of 1857. He was succeeded 
 by his son, the present Rdjd of Parenda, and Chief of the Dikhits. He has 
 a son and heir, named Kunwar Sheodat Singh Dikhit. 
 
 Residcna: — Parenda, Jhalotar Ajgain, Unao, Oudh. 
 
 SHEOPUR, Rdjd of. See Baroda (Gwalior). 
 
 SHEORAJ NANDAN SINGH (of Seohar), Hdjd Bahddur. 
 
 Born in 1855; succeeded his father, the late Rdjd Sivanandan Singh 
 Bahddur, as a minor in 1S67. The title of Rdjd Bahddur was conferred, as a 
 personal distinction, on 3rd March 1875. The fiimily of the Rdjds of Seohar 
 is a younger branch of that of the Mahdrdjds of Bettiah {q.v.) On the death 
 of the Rdjd Dhanpat Singh of Bettiah and Seohar, in the last century, there 
 was a disputed succession between Jugalkishor Singh (Dhanpat Singh's 
 daughter's son) and Srikrishna Singh, cousin of Dhanpat Singh, which was 
 ultimately decided iiy the Patna Council, who allotted the Bettiah Rdj to the 
 former, and the Seohar Rdj to the latter. Rdjd Srikrishna Singh, first Rdjd 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 499 
 
 of Seohar, was succeeded by his son, Raja Dristhan Daman Singh, who 
 appears to have received the title of Raja Bahadur from Lord Moira in 1816 
 A.D. He was succeeded by his eldest son. Raja Raghunandan Singh Bahadur, 
 in 1820. The latter had no son, and adopted his nephew, the late Raji 
 Sheonandan Singh Bahadur, who succeeded him in 1852. During the 
 Mutiny of 1857 the Raja Sheonandan Singh rendered valuable services, 
 for which he received the thanks of Government ; he also constructed many 
 important roads and other public works, and opened relief works in the 
 famine of 1S66. He died in 1S67, and was succeeded by his eldest son, 
 the present Raja Bahadur, as a minor. The latter attained his majority in 
 1875, ^"'^ ^'ss invested with the title of Raja Bahadur, and has subsequently 
 rendered good services in the famine of 1873-74, and again in 1890. His 
 uncle, Deo Nandan Singh, was created a Raja in 1892. He has a brother, 
 Rajkumar Rudraj Nandan Singh, and two nephews, Lachmi Nandan Singh 
 and Kalika Nandan Singh. 
 
 Reszdcjice. — Muzaffarpur, Bengal. 
 
 SHEORAM SINGH, LALA (of Argal), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 17th August 1S39. The title is hereditary. The Rajas of Argal 
 are the head of the Thakurs of the Gautama clan of Rajputs, claiming 
 descent from the Vedic saint Gautama. The family were very powerful in 
 the Fatehpur district for some centuries before the Muhammadan invasion ; 
 but in the time of the Emperor Akbar the Gautama clan, under their Chief, 
 Hari Baran Deo, was routed with great slaughter by the Imperial troops 
 under the walls of Kalpi, and they have never since recovered their power. 
 The descendants of Hari Baran Deo have, however, retained possession of 
 Argal and some of the neighbouring territory up to the present day. The 
 present Raja of Argal, Sheoram Singh, has four sons — Kunwar Ratan 
 Singh, aged about twenty-five, and Sheoraj Singh, Gajadhar Singh, and 
 Rustam Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Naraicha, F"atehpur, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 SHEOSAHAI MAL, Ral Bahadur. 
 
 The Rai Bahadur has rendered good service as an Honorary IVTagistrate 
 of Delhi. Received the title of Rai, as a personal distinction, i6th February 
 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign, and on 25th 
 May 1892 received the higher personal rank of Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Residence. — Delhi. 
 
 SHBR AHMAD KHAN, CLE. 
 
 Was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian 
 Empire on 15th February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign 
 of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 
 Residence. — 
 
 SHER MUHAMMAD walad ALI HAIDAR, Mir. 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Sind. 
 
500 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SHER MUHAMMAD KHAN, KIYANI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 Created a Khan Bahadur, as a personal distinction, 2nd Januarj' 1893. 
 Residence. — Kohat, Punjab. 
 
 SHER MUHAMMAD KHAN, TIWANA, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 31st May 1859. 
 The Tiwdna Maliks of Mitha Tiwana belong to a family that was originally 
 of Rdjput origin, and has long been powerful in the district of Shdhpur. 
 Mitha Tiwana was built by their ancestor, Mir Ahmad Khan, and became a 
 flourishing town under his successors, Dddu Khdn and Sher Khdn. Ahmad 
 Yar Khdn, grandson of Sher Khdn, submitted to the Mahdrdja Ranjit Singh : 
 and his nephew, Fateh Khdn, rose to great influence, and became Governor 
 of Bannu on the recommendation of Lieutenant (afterwards Sir Herbert) 
 Edwardes at the outbreak of the rebellion of 1848. Fateh Khan was shot 
 by the rebels ; but Ahmad Yar Khdn's grandson, the present Sher Muhammad 
 Khdn, Tiwdna, e.xpelled the rebel garrison from Khushab, took Shdhpur, and 
 besieged and reduced the fort at Mitha Tiwana. During the Mutiny of 1857 
 the three Tiwana Maliks rendered excellent ser\-ice, and Sher Muhammad 
 Khdn fought valiantly and successfully against the rebels in the Jdlandhar 
 Dodb, and subsequently in Oudh. He received for his loyal services the 
 title of Khdn Bahddur, and a valuable yrf^/> in perpetuity. 
 
 Residence. — Shdhpur, Punjab. 
 
 SHER SINGH (of Dhandwal), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1S28. The title is hereditar)'. Belongs to the Jat family of Sikh 
 Sarddrs, descended from Sarddr Mdn Singh, who conquered a considerable 
 extent of territor)' on both sides of the Sutlej in the year 1 759 a.d. His son 
 was the Sarddr Joga Singh, who was succeeded by his son Sarddr Chanda 
 Singh, father of the present Sardars of Dhandwal in Hoshiarpur. Sarddr 
 Sher Singh is the brother of Sarddr Partdb Singh, Dhandwal {q.v^, and of 
 Sarddr I'unjab Singh, Dhandwal (</.?■.) 
 
 Residence. — Dhandwal, Hoshidrpur, Punjab. 
 
 SHER SINGH (of Lidhran), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditar)-. The Sarddr is the son of Sarddr Saheb Singh 
 (i/.-i.) of l.idhran ; descended from Sarddr Jai Singh, the powerful Chief of 
 the Nishanwdla misl or confederacy. 
 
 Residence. — Lidhran, Ludhidna, Punjab. 
 
 SHER SINGH (of Nadaun), Midn. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Midn being a brother of the Rdjd of Nadaun, 
 Amar Chand (q.7:) He has been appointed an Assistant District Super- 
 intendent of Police in the Punjab. He has two sons. 
 
 Residence. — Nadaun, K.lngra, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 501 
 
 SHESHADRI lYAR, K., K.C.S.I., His Excellency Sir. 
 Prime Minister of Mysore. 
 
 Belongs to a Brahman family of high rank. Was created a Companion 
 of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India on 15th February 
 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her ]\Iost Gracious 
 Majesty, in recognition of his distinguished services to the Prince and people 
 of Mysore ; and promoted to be a Knight Commander of the same Most 
 Exalted Order, 2nd January 1893. Was an eminent graduate of the Madras 
 University., Has for some years most successfully administered the Govern- 
 ment of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore, and is addressed as " His 
 Excellency " as a courtesy title. Some account of the many beneficial 
 measures introduced by the Prime Minister on behalf of the Maharaja will 
 be found in the article under the heading of " Mysore, His Highness the 
 Maharaja of," where also will be found quotations from some of the Annual 
 Addresses delivered by His Excellency to the Representative Assembly of 
 Mysore. 
 
 Residence. — Bangalore, Mysore. 
 
 SHEVDIVADAR, RANA KHUSALSINGHJI, Rami of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 The Rana is a Koli (aboriginal) Chief, ruling over a territory of i square 
 mile, with a population of 246, chiefly Hindus. 
 Residence. — .Shc'.'di\'adar, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 SHIB CHANDAR BANARJI, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1S48. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th 
 May 1883, in recognition of his eminent services as an Honorary Magistrate 
 of Bhagalpur, and a distinguished member of the Calcutta Bar. The Rai 
 Bahadur was educated at the Patna College of the Calcutta University ; and 
 graduated B.A. (1868) and B.L. (1869). He belongs to a Kulin Brahman 
 family of the highest rank. 
 
 Residence. — Bhdgalpur, Bengal. 
 
 SHIB CHUNDER NUNDI, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Born June 1824. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 
 28th February 1883, in recognition of his eminent services to the country 
 in connection with the construction and development of telegraphs. He 
 entered the service of the Government in 1846, under Sir William O'Shaugh- 
 nessy, in the Mint ; and when Sir William commenced telegraph operations, 
 the Rai Bahadur was placed in charge of the work, and constructed the first 
 experimental telegraph-line in India, that between Calcutta and Diamond 
 Harbour. During the Mutiny of 1857 he rendered excellent service, some- 
 times acting as head of the Telegraph Department's headquarters ; and in 
 order to secure the communications between Calcutta and Bombay, he laid 
 down a portion of the alternative line from Mirzapur to Seoni via Jabalpur. 
 He became an Assistant Superintendent of Indian Telegraphs in 1866 ; and 
 retired on special pension in 1884, in which year he was made an Honorary 
 Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
502 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SHIB NARAYAN SINGH (of Shdhabad), Siirddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sardar belongs to a Jat family of Sikh 
 Sarddrs, descended from Sarddr Karan Singh, who came from the Manjha 
 in the Punjab Proper in the last centurj-, and after a fight with Zain Khin, 
 the Muhammadan Governor, took possession of a considerable territory 
 in Shdliabad, Thaneswar, and Rupar in 1759 a.d. The family did good 
 service in the Mutiny of 1857. 
 
 Residence. — Shdhabad, Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 SHIDRAJ BHOJRAJ PUAR DESAI (of Mangstili), Jidj. 
 
 Born 19th November 1822. The title is hereditary, having been 
 originally conferred by the Mughal Emperor of Delhi on an ancestor named 
 Shidraj for having quelled a rebellion in Belgaum. Belongs to a Puar Rajput 
 family, descended from Bhupat Kedarji Desai ; whose son, Shidgura Desai, 
 was the grandfather of the Shidraj named above. From that time the 
 chiefs of this family have been named alternately Shidraj and Bhojrdj. The 
 present Chief was adopted by Rajkunwdrbai Desai, widow of the late Shidraj 
 Desai, in 1S34 — previous to which time he had borne the name of Appa 
 Saheb, being descended from a younger brother of the second Shidraj Desai. 
 He has a son named Shidrdj Bdba Saheb Desai. The family cognisance is a 
 red silk flag. 
 
 Residence. — Belgaum, Bombay. 
 
 SHITAB CHAND NAHAR, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 17th April 1847. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, 
 on I 2th March 1875, '" recognition of his public spirit and services during 
 the Bengal fiimine of 1873-74. Belongs to a Jain family of Bankers and 
 Zaminddrs, owning land in the districts of Dindjpur, Murshidabad, and the 
 Santdl Pargands. On ist January 1877, on the occasion of the Imperial 
 Assemblage at Delhi in honour of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty as Empress of India, he received a Certificate of Honour : and on 
 the occasion of Her Majesty's Jubilee, 23rd June 1887, he founded and 
 endowed the Bibi Pran Kumari Jubilee High English School. Has edited 
 sundry works on the religion of the Jains. He is an Honorary Magistrate of 
 Azimganj, Murshidabad, which is the family seat ; where also the family have 
 long maintained an almshouse. He has four sons — Mani Ldl Nahar, born 
 7th April 1865 ; Puran Chand Nahar, born 15th May 1875; Golab Chand 
 Nahar, born loth October 1881 ; and Koer Singh Nahar, born 8th 
 October 1883. 
 
 Residence. — Azimganj, Murshidabad, Bengal. 
 
 SHIVA PRASADA, C.S.I., Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1823. The title is hereditar}', and was conferred on i6th February 
 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty. Belongs to an Oswal Baisya family, claiming the same descent as 
 that of the Jagat Scth family of Murshidabad. Rdjd Dal Chand, great-grand- 
 father of the present Rdjd, on his two cousins being put to death by the 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 503 
 
 Nawab of Murshidabad, fled to Benares to the protection of the British 
 Government. He was succeeded by his son, the Raja Utam Chand. The 
 present Raja was early distinguished as a very learned man and a clever 
 author. He entered the Department of Public Instruction of the North- 
 Western Provinces, and was for many years a highly successful Inspector of 
 Schools. He is also a Fellow of the Allahabad University. He was created 
 a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, 28th May 
 1870; Raja, as a personal distinction, 20th March 1874; and the same title 
 declared hereditary, i6lh February 1887. He has a son and heir, Kunwar 
 Suchet Prasad, aged about thirty-three. 
 
 J\cs!<A'/!ct\ — Benares, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 SHIVBARA, NAIK DAOLIA Mi/tid DHARMA BADAL, CZ/ie/of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 The Naik is a Bhil (aboriginal) Chief, ruling over a territory of 5 square 
 miles, with a population of 346, chiefly Hindus. The State is one of the 
 Dang States of Khandesh. 
 
 Residence. — Shivbara, Khandesh, Bombay. 
 
 SHOSHEE. See Shashi. 
 SHURNOMOYEE. See Swarnamayi. 
 
 SHWB BY A, MAUNG, Ahmiidan gaung Tazeik-ya Miti. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 6th June 18S5, and 
 is indicated by the letters A.T.M. after the name. It means " Recipient of 
 the Medal for Good Service." 
 
 Residence. — Bassein, Bumia. 
 
 SHWEDABO. See Hlaing, Maung. 
 
 SH"WE DAIKKE, MAUNG, Kyet Thaye zantig shwe Salwe ya Min. 
 
 Born 1825. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 6th 
 June 1885 ; it is indicated by the letters K.S.M. after the name, and means 
 " Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour." Belongs to the ex-Royal family 
 of Pagan. His father, Maung Bwa, was the uncle of Prince Mindun Min, 
 and was formerly Prince of Pagan. Maung Bwa went from Burma to Akyab 
 in Arakan on a religious pilgrimage, long before the British conquest of 
 Arakan ; and he remained and settled at Akyab on account of the disputes 
 among the members of the Royal family as to the succession to the throne. 
 His son, Maung Shwe Daikke, entered the service of the British Government 
 in 1847, at the age of twenty-one, and in 1856 was created an Extra Assistant 
 Commissioner, and subsequently served at Kama, Thayetmyo, Sandoway, 
 and Kyaukpyu. In 1872 he was presented with a Gold Chain of Honour 
 by the Viceroy, and retired from the service in 1878. Maung Shwe Daikke, 
 K.S.M., also received a Certificate of Honour on the i6th of February 1887, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty's reign. 
 
 Residence. — Kyaukpyu, Burma. 
 
504 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SHWE GO, MAUNG, Rai BaMdur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 29th July 1891. 
 Residence. — Salwin, Burma. 
 
 SHWE LOK, MAUNG, Ahtmidan gattng Tazeik-ya Min. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 6th June 1885. It 
 is indicated by the letters A.T.M. after the name, and means "Recipient of 
 the Medal of Honour for Good Service." 
 
 Residence. — Tharrawadi, Burma. 
 
 SHWE THIN, MAUNG, Thuyegaung Ngic-cda ya Min. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 20th May 1890. It 
 is indicated by the letters T.D.M. after the name, and means "Recipient of 
 the Silver Sword for Bravery." 
 
 Residence. — Yandoon, Burma. 
 
 SHWE WAING, MAUNG, AJimudan gating Tazeik-ya Min. 
 
 The tillc was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th May 1889. It 
 is indicated by the letters A.T.M. after the name, and means "Recipient of 
 the Medal of Honour for Good Ser\-icc." 
 
 Residence. — Rangoon, Burma. 
 
 SHYAM KISHOR DAS, Mahant. See Kondka. 
 
 SHYAM SINGH (of TAjpur), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1 8th June 1857. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, 
 on 7th December 1888. The Raja belongs to a Taga Brahman family, 
 descended from Balram Singh, who in the last century acquired the estate of 
 Azimpur, in Pargand Bashta, and settled upon it. His son, Rdm Krishna, 
 largely added to the estate, acquiring by jiurchase, among other additions, 
 the Tdjpur land. His son, Kidha Singh, rendered good serv'ice to the 
 British Clovcrniiient on tlie first occupation of the province, and received the 
 valuable estate of Gopdlpur in recognition thereof. His son and successor, 
 Jiraj Singh, died young; and was succeeded by his son, Partab Singh. The 
 latter was eminently loyal during the Mutiny of 1857. He defied the rebel 
 Nawab of Najibabad ; and when the rebels dispossessed the Chaudhris of 
 Sherkot, he obtained the aid of his principal Hindu neighbours and turned 
 them out. He defended Bijnaur, and in many ways contributed to the restora- 
 tion of order, and in reward received the title of Raja with extensive grants 
 of lands. In 1873 he was succeeded by his eldest son, Rdjd Jagat Singh 
 Bahddur, who received the title of Rdjd Bahddur as a personal distinction 
 in the same year. He died nth June 1885, and was succeeded by his 
 brother, Shyam Singh, who received the title of Rdjd as a personal distinction 
 on 7th December 1S8S. He is an Honorary Magistrate, and has been most 
 energetic in the promotion of agricultural improvements. 
 
 Residence. — Tdjpur, Bijnaur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 505 
 
 SHYAMAL DAS, KABIRAJ, Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 This title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 2nd January 1888, 
 for eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in Darbar 
 immediately after titular Rajas. 
 
 Residence. — Mew^r, Rdjputdna. 
 
 SIDAPA VIRBHADRAPA NAIK (of Chachadi), Bahadur Desai. 
 
 Born 2Sth October 1814. The title is hereditary, having been originally 
 conferred on an ancestor by the Nawab of Sawum on the occasion of the 
 victory of Parasgad. Belongs to a Rayapa Naik family of the Belgaum 
 district ; descended from Viranna Naik Desai, who in very early times 
 obtained the hereditary office of Desai. Fourteenth in direct descent from 
 him is the present Bahadur Desai. He has five sons — (i) Sidapa urf Appa 
 Saheb ; (2) Rayapa ?/■;/ Baba Saheb ; (3) Ganapa urf Ahz Saheb ; (4) 
 Fakirapa ?/^Bapu Saheb; and (5) Lingapa «//Nana Saheb. 
 
 Residence. — Belgaum, Bombay. 
 
 SIHORA, THAKUR NAHARVARSINGHJI, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1S78; succeeded to the gadi as a minor. Belongs to a Bariya 
 (aboriginal) family. The State has an area of 14 square miles. 
 Residence. — Sihora, Rewi Kintha, Bombay. 
 
 SIKANDAR KHAN, RISALDAR, Khdn Saheb. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 16th February 
 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty. 
 
 Residence. — nth (P.W.O.) Lancers. 
 
 SIKKIM, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA THOTAB NAMGUE, 
 
 jMalidrdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1851 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor in April 1874. Belongs 
 to a Tibetan family, that came originally from the neighbourhood of Lhassa, 
 and settled in early times at Gantak. About the middle of the i6th 
 century the head of the family was Pencho Namgue ; who, with the aid of 
 three Tibetan monks, Professors of the Diipka or " Red Cap " sect of 
 Buddhists, converted the Lepchas of Sikkim to that creed, and established 
 himself as Raja. In 1788, and again in 1792, the Gurkhas of Nepal 
 invaded Sikkim ; but on the latter occasion they were driven back by an 
 immense army of Tibetans and Chinese, who in turn invaded Nepal, and 
 dictated terms to the Gurkhas almost at the gates of Khatmandu. In the 
 Nepal war the Raja of Sikkim rendered good service, and at its close in 
 1816 he was rewarded with a considerable grant of territory ceded by Nepal, 
 as well as by a guarantee of protection by the British Power. In February 
 1835 the Raja of Sikkim ceded the territory of the sanitarium of Darjiling 
 
5o6 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 to the Government, in return for an annual payment. In 1873 the late 
 Raja of Sikkim, accompanied by his brother and Prime Minister, Changzed 
 Rabu, paid a visit to the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal at Ddrjiling. The 
 area of the State, which consists entirely of Himalayan valleys, is 2702 
 square miles ; its population is about 30,000, chiefly Buddhists. The 
 Maharaja maintains an irregular force or militia of about 5000 men, and is 
 entitled to a salute of 1 5 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Tumlong, Sikkim, Bengal 
 
 SINDHIAPURA, THAKUR JITABAWA, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1853. Belongs to a Chauhan Rajput family, now professing the 
 Muhammadan faith. The area of the State is about 3 square miles ; its 
 population is mainly Bhil. 
 
 Residence. — Sindhiapura, Rewd Kintha, Bombay. 
 
 The Santa* of the Chauhiin 
 R.ijputs, called Chai-ra, used 
 in the seal and for signature. 
 
 (A circle with four Trisutas or 
 Tridents as radii at the car- 
 dinal points.) 
 
 SINGAM, THAKUR BHUPATSINGH, 
 
 Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1822; succeeded to the ^(J<// in 1S51. 
 Belongs to a Chauhan Rdjput family, claiming 
 descent from Prithvirdj, the last Hindu Emperor 
 of Delhi. It is an offshoot of the House of Wao 
 (^.z'.) ; about 400 years ago the district was bestowed 
 on Pachanji, the youngest son of the Rand Saghaji 
 of Wao. The area of the State is 220 square 
 miles; its population 11,521, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Singam, Pdlanpur, Bombay. 
 
 SINGHANA, DARYAO SINGH, Chief of . 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1858; succeeded to theji^a^/as a minor in 1S71. Belongs to a 
 Rdjput (Hindu) family. 
 
 Residence. — Singhdna, Indore, Central India. 
 
 SINGHPUR, BAPU 'u;i/,iJ GUMBA PADVI, Chief of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born 1862. The area of the State, which is one of the Mewds States of 
 Khdndesh, is about 20 square miles; its population is 646, chiefly Bhils 
 (aboriginal). 
 
 Residence. — Singhpur, Khdndesh, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 507 
 
 SIRAJ-UL-ISLAM, MAULAVI, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th February 1887, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 The Khan Bahadur is a distinguished graduate of the Calcutta University, 
 B.A. and B.L. 
 
 Residence. — Tipperah, Bengal. 
 
 SIRMUR, HIS HIGHNESS RAJA SIR SHAMSHBR PRAKASH 
 
 BAHADUR, G.C.S.I., Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1846; succeeded to the gadi 4th July 1857. Belongs to the 
 Rajput family of the Chiefs of the great Jadu Bhatti clan, whose founder 
 was a scion of the House of Jaisalmir, the Rawal Agar Sen ; who came on a 
 pilgrimage to the head-waters of the sacred Ganges, and finding that the 
 Raja of the Sirmur territor)' had been swept away by a flood, established 
 himself on the vacant gadi in 1095 a.d. For more than seven centuries his 
 descendants ruled in Sirmur. In 1803 the Gurkhas overran the country; 
 but on their expulsion by Sir David Ochterlony in 181 5, the Raja Fateh 
 Prakash was confirmed in his ancestral dominions as a British feudatory. 
 His son was the late Raja Raghbir Prakash, who died in 1857, and was 
 succeeded by his son, the present Raja. He has been created successively 
 a Knight Commander and a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted 
 Order of the Star of India. The area of the State, which is one of the 
 sub-Himalayan Simla Hill States, is 1045 square miles; its population 
 112,371, chiefly Hindus, but including 4240 Muhammadans. The Raja 
 maintains a military force of 100 cavalry, 408 infantry, and 10 guns; and is 
 entitled to a salute of 1 3 guns, including 2 guns personal. 
 
 Residence.- — Ndhan, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 SIROHI, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAO KESRI SINGH 
 
 BAHADUR, Mahdrao of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 20th June 1857; succeeded to the gadi i6th September 1875. 
 Belongs to the Deora sept of the great Chauhan clan of Rajputs, descended 
 through Deo Raj from Prithvi Raj, the last Hindu Emperor of Delhi. 
 Mount Abu in Sirohi, being the sacred mountain of the Rajputs, was for many 
 centuries an object of strife among the clans. The aboriginal Bhils appear 
 to have been driven out by the Gehlot Rajputs, and they in turn had to 
 submit to the Pramara clan of Rajputs. The latter long held sway, and were 
 only driven out of Mount Abu by a stratagem of the Chauhans about the 
 year 1152 .^v.d. About the year 1425 a.d. Rao Sains Mai allowed the Rana 
 Kambaji of Chittor (or Mewar) to take refuge on Mount Abu, when flying 
 from the Mughal Emperor. On the retreat of the Imperial army the son of 
 Sains Mai sent word to the Rana to return to his own country ; but he, 
 having found out the strength of the position of Mount Abu, refused to leave 
 it, and had to be driven out. In consequence of this, no Raja was ever 
 allowed to go up to Abu; and this custom remained unchanged until 1836, 
 
5oS THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 when the request of the British Political Agent obtained permission for the 
 Mahardna of Udaipur to make a pilgrimage to the sacred shrines. Subse- 
 quently, many other Rajput Chiefs have been permitted to visit Mount Abu. 
 In 1845 ^ portion of Mount Abu was given over to the British Government 
 for the purpose of a sanitarium. The Mahdrao Sheo Singh rendered good 
 service during the Mutiny of 1857 ; and received, as a reward, the remission 
 of half his tribute. The area of the State is 3020 square miles ; its population 
 is 142,903, chiefly Hindus, but including 2933 Muhammadans and 16,137 
 Jains. His Highness the Mahdrao maintains a military force of 199 cavalry, 
 532 infantry, and 8 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 15 guns. 
 Residi:nce. — Sirohi, Rdjputdna. 
 
 SIRSI, DIWAN MIHRBAN SINGH, Drwdn of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1870; succeeded to the gadi 3rd June 1891. Belongs to a 
 Bhandera Rdjput (Hindu) family. The area of the State is altogether 
 included within that of Gwalior; its population is about 4026, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Sirsi, Guna, Central India. 
 
 SIRSI, THAKUR SARUP SINGH, Tlidkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S53; succeeded to the gadi in 1872. Belongs to a Rdjput 
 (Hindu) family. The population of the State is about 1 500. 
 Residence. — Sirsi, AN'estern Mdlwd, Central India. 
 
 SITAMAU, HIS HIGHNESS RAJA BAHADUR SINGH, Jidjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1S33 ; succeeded to X.\\e gadi Sth December 1S85. Is descended 
 through Kassur Das, a younger son of the Rajd Rdm Singh of Ratlam, from 
 the family of the Chiefs of the illustrious Rdhtor clan of Rdjputs. In 1631 
 Rdjd Ratan Singh, a scion of the Jodhpur House, obtained from the Emperor 
 Shah Jahdn of Delhi the title of Rdjd and tiie State of Ratlam, which at that 
 time included Sailana and Sitamau. On the death of the Rdjd Rdm Singh 
 of Ratlam his younger son, Kassur Dds, became Rdjd of Sitamau. The 
 descendants of Kassur Dds became tributary to Sindhia, and then passed 
 under the control of the British Power. The State has an area of 350 
 square miles ; and a population of 30,839, chiefly Hindus. The Rdjd 
 maintains a military force of 40 cavalry, 125 infantry, and 6 guns; and is 
 entitled to a salute of 1 1 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Sitamau, Western Mdlwd, Central India. 
 
 SITARAM KHANDBRAO, Rao Sa/teb. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 1st June 1888. 
 Residence. — Horn bay . 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 509 
 
 SIVA RAO, N., Rao Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1S45. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist 
 January 1889, in recognition of his valuable services as a Member of the 
 Municipal Commission of Mangalore, to which he had been appointed in 
 1871. In 1891 the Rao Bahadur was elected Chairman of the Municipal 
 Commission. 
 
 Residence. — Mangalore, Madras. 
 
 SOBDAR KHAN, Midk. ■ 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 SOBHA RAM, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 20th May 1S90. 
 Residence.- — P unj ab. 
 
 SODHI HUKM SINGH, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893, for 
 eminent services to the State of Bikanir, Rajputana. Is the Vice-President 
 of the Council of Regency in that State. 
 
 Residence. — Bikarn, Ridjputana. 
 
 SOHAWAL, RAJA SHER JANG BAHADUR SINGH, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 5th January 1853; succeeded to the gadi ist November 1S65. 
 Is descended from the family of the Chiefs of the Baghel Rajputs, through 
 Fateh Singh, younger son of the Raja Amar Singh of Rewah, who threw off 
 his father's authority, and established himself as an independent Chief, with 
 the title of Rais, in Sohawal, which had theretofore been a part of Rewah. 
 His descendant, the Rais Lai Aman Singh, was in possession at the time 
 when Baghelkhand passed under British rule, and was confirmed in his State. 
 His grandson was the Rais Lai Sheo Singh, who was the father of the 
 present Chief. The latter has been granted the title of Raja as a personal 
 distinction. The family banner is red with gold spots, bearing an upright 
 sword in gold. The area of the State is about 300 square miles ; and the 
 population is about 37,747, chiefly Hindus. The Raja maintains a military 
 force of 4 1 infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Sohdwal, Baghelkhand, Central India. 
 
 SOHBAT KHAN, RISALDAR, Khan Bahddur. 
 
 This title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th February 
 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty. 
 
 Residence. — Ispalingi, Baluchistdn. 
 
 SOHRABJI MERWANJI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 This title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 14th November 
 1882. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
510 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SONKHERA, Thdkur of. See Sarwan and Sonkhera, Thdkur of. 
 
 SONPUR, RAJA NILADHAR SINGH DEO BAHADUR, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1838 ; succeeded to the gad i as a minor 
 in 1840. Belongs to the family of the ancient 
 Rajas of Sambalpur, of the famous Chauhan clan 
 of Rajputs, the Chief using the ancient Chauhan 
 san/ak, or device called the "Chakra," in his seal 
 and for his signature. The Rdjd Bahama Deo, first 
 Rdjd of Sambalpur, who reigned from 1445 to 1492 
 A.D., had two sons, Hirdi Narayan the elder, who 
 became Rdjd of Sambalpur, and Partab Deo the 
 younger, who received the State of Sonpur as his 
 appanage on the death of his father. Raja Partdb 
 Deo's descendants have ever since ruled in Sonpur. 
 The present Rdjd has a son and heir, named I.dl 
 Rudra Partab Singh. The area of the State is 906 
 square miles; its population is 178,701, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Sonpur, Sambalpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 The Santak of ihe ChauhSn 
 R.ljputs, CAllcd Chakra, used 
 in the seat and for signature. 
 
 {\ circle with four Trisulas or 
 Tridents as radii at the car- 
 dinal points.) 
 
 SOSHI. See Shashi. 
 SPITI, Nona of. See Dunj Shetan. 
 
 SRI KISHAN, PANDIT, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Born 17th February 1S38. The title was conferred, as a personal dis- 
 tinction, on i6tii February 1S87, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign 
 of Her Most Gracious Majesty ; in recoL,'nition of his public services as an 
 Honorary N[agistrate and Municipal Commissioner of Lucknow. He belongs 
 to a Kashmiri family long settled in Oudh. His father and grandfather held 
 responsible posts under the Kings of Oudh before the annexation. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 SRIKRISHNA WASUDEO WARLIKAR, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1890. 
 Residence. — Bombay and Poena. 
 
 SRIMAN PARAS ARA ALAQHA SINGH ARU BH ATTAR, S., 
 
 Mahd>iiak<ipdd/i\d\;i. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 16th February 1887, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty, 
 for eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in Darbdr 
 immediately after titular Rdjds. 
 
 Residence. — Trichinopoli, Madras. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 5" 
 
 SRIMAN RAMANUJA MUNI PILLAI, 
 
 Bahadur, Rdjd Karanwaiif. 
 
 Born 13th December 1840. The title was 
 conferred in 1851, as a personal distinction, on 
 the late Raja Karanwant by the last Nawab of 
 the Carnatic, and recognised on i6th December 
 1890. Is the son of the late Raja Karanwant 
 Indir Bahadur Srinivasa Pillai, and is descended 
 from Muni Pillai, who was renowned for his 
 munificence and loyalty. The Raja has an 
 adopted son, Kunwar Srinivasa Pillai. The 
 family cognisance is the disc or quoit of Vishnu. 
 
 Residence. — Coomaleesverenpett, Madras. 
 
 SRIMANTA BALWANT RAO, Bhaya Sahcb Sindhia of G'wallor. 
 
 Born 1854. Is a younger brother of His Highness the Maharaja 
 Sindhia of Gwalior, son of His late Highness the Maharaja Jyaji Rao Sindhia 
 of Gwalior, G.C.S.I. Educated at the Indore Rajkumar College. Acted as 
 A.D.C. to his father, 1872; officiated as Prime Minister of the Gwalior 
 State during the lifetime of the late Maharaja ; was appointed a Member of 
 the Council of Regency on his death, and was congratulated by His Excellency 
 the Viceroy in public Darbar in 1891 on the success with which he had 
 administered the Department under his charge. The Bhaya Saheb has the 
 right of leading the State procession on great occasions ; and in Darbar of 
 occupying the seat on the right hand of His Highness the Maharaja. He 
 has also the right to use the royal umbrella, and enjoys all the rights and 
 privileges of a Sardar of the First Class as a Member of the Maharaja 
 Sindhia's family. He has written several works, both in English and in 
 Urdu. 
 
 Residence. — Gwalior, Central India. 
 
 SRINATH RAI (of Bhagyakul), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1848. Belongs to the well-known Kundu family of Bhagyakul in 
 the district of Dacca, Bengal. The title was conferred, as a personal dis- 
 tinction, on 30th May 1891, in recognition of the Raja's loyalty and public 
 spirit. He was formerly a Municipal Commissioner for the town of Dacca, 
 a Member of the Education and Road Cess Committees, and of the Dacca 
 District Board. He is now an Honorary Magistrate, a Trustee of the 
 Economical Museum, and one of the Secretaries of the East Bengal Land- 
 holders' Association, and has earned great credit in all these capacities. He 
 was one of the founders of the Dacca Saraswati Saniaj or Pandits' Institute. 
 
 Residence. — Dacca, Bengal. 
 
512 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SRINIVASA CHARULU, Rat Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th February 1887, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majest>' 
 the Queen. 
 
 Residence. — Bangalore, Madras. 
 
 SRINIVASA RAGHAVA AIYANGAR, Diwdn Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1849. I he title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist 
 June 1888, in recognition of his eminent public services. He was appointed 
 Inspector-General of Registration of Madras in 1889. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 SRINIVASA RAO, P., Biwdn Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1832. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 
 1 6th February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty, in recognition of his eminent services in the Judicial 
 Service. He was apjiointed Principal Sadr-.\min, 1S70; Police Magistrate 
 of Madras, 1871 ; Fellow of the Madras University, 1875; J"<^g<^ of ''^^ 
 Small Cause Court, Madras, 1880. 
 
 Residence. — Triplicane, Madras. 
 
 SRIRAM BHIKAJI JATAR, Rao BaMdur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist June 18S8. 
 Residence. — Akola, Berar. 
 
 SRIRAM SIRAMANI, Mahamahopddhydya. 
 
 This title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th F"ebruary 
 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious 
 l\[ajesty, for eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in 
 Darbar immediately after titular Rdjas. 
 
 Residence. — Berhampur, Bengal. 
 
 SRIVALLABH BHAGWANJI. Rao Sahcb. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist June 1888. 
 Residence. — Nadiad, Bombay. 
 
 SUBHANRAO BAPUJIRAO SALVI, Rao BahJdur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on oth June 1881. 
 Residence. — Kdrw.-ir, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 513 
 
 SUBRAMANIYA AIYAR, S., C.I.B., Dhodti Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1891, 
 in recognition of his position as an eminent member of the Madras Bar. 
 He has also been created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the 
 Indian Empire in i88g. He was a distinguished graduate (B.L.) of the 
 Madras University ; Member of the Legislative Council of Fort St. George, 
 1884-S8 ; appointed a Fellow of the Madras University, 1S87 ; appointed to 
 officiate as Government Pleader, 1888; as Judge of the Madras High Court, 
 1892 ; and a second time as Government Pleader, 1892. 
 
 Residence. — Mylapur, Madras. 
 
 SUBRAMANIYA AIYAR, R., Rao Bahadur. 
 
 Born in June 1842. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, 
 on ist June 188S, in recognition of his long and meritorious services in the 
 Registration Service. Graduated at the Madras University in 1859, and 
 entered the public service in 1864; appointed District Registrar in 1879, 
 and granted a Certificate of Honour, in recognition of his services to the 
 Madura Municipality, ist January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclama- 
 tion of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. Has been Regis- 
 trar of the Tinnevelly District from 1883, Chairman of the Tinnevelly 
 Municipality, Vice-President of the Taluk Board of Tinnevelly, President of 
 the Hindu College Committee, President of the Tinnevelly Club, etc. 
 
 Residence. — Tinnevelly, Madras. 
 
 SUBRAMANIYA PILLAI, I., Rai Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1834. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 
 1 6th February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty, in recognition of long and meritorious service in 
 the Public Works Department, in which he held the rank of Honorary 
 Assistant Engineer. 
 
 Residence. — Madura, Madras. 
 
 SUCHBT SINGH (of Nadaon), Mian. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Mian is brother of the Rija Amar Chand, 
 Raja of Nadaon in the Kangra district ; and a son of the late Raja Sir 
 Jodhbir Chand, K.C.S.I., brother-in-law of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Nadaon, Kdngra, Punjab. 
 
 SUGHET SINGH, AHLUVALIA, Kunwdr. 
 
 Born 1837. The title is hereditary. The Kunwdr is a son of the late 
 Raja Nihal Singh, Raja of Kapurthala, who, by his will, desired to partition 
 his State between his three sons, — the Raja Randhir Singh of Kapurthala, the 
 Sardar Bikrama Singh Bahadur, and the Kunwar Suchet Singh. The last 
 named exercises the special powers of an Assistant Commissioner in the 
 district of Jalandhar. 
 
 Residence. — Jilandhar, Punjab. 
 
 2 L 
 
514 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SUCHET SINGH (of Dharm Singhwala), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sardar is a descendant of Sardar Dharm 
 Singh, one of the three sons of Bhumian ; who, during the declining days of 
 the Mughal Empire, took possession of Kang and the neighbouring villages 
 in the Jdlandhar district of the Punjab. From Sardar Gaur Singh, another 
 of the sons of Bhumian, are descended the Sardars Narayan Singh (^.r'.) and 
 Nihdl Singh {q.v.) Sarddr Dharm Singh was succeeded by his son Sardar 
 Dal Singh ; who in turn was succeeded by his son, Sardar Gurdit Singh. 
 Sarddr Gurdit Singh rendered good service to Government during the Sikh 
 war, and again during the Mutiny of 1857. He died in 1862 : and was 
 succeeded by his son, the present Sardar Suchet Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Dharm Singhwdla, Firozpur, Punjab. 
 
 SUDASNA, THAKUR TAKHTSINGHJI, T/idkur of. . 
 
 Born 1855 ; succeeded to the gadi 31st January 1S85. Belongs to a very 
 ancient Pramara Rajput family ; descended from a scion of the house of 
 Danta {q.v.), whose ancestors moved from Ujjain to Sind in 809 a.d. The 
 younger son of the Rdna Punjaji of Danta was named Amarsinghji ; and he 
 established himself in the Sudasna territory. The late Thakur, Parbatsinghji 
 Mohabatsinghji, was the uncle of his immediate predecessor (Thakur Bhupat- 
 singhji), and the younger brother of the two preceding Chiefs (Thakurs 
 Harisinghji and Ratansinghji). He was born in 1819, and succeeded to 
 ihe gadi in 1845. He was the father of the present Thakur. The State, 
 which is tributary to Baroda and Idar, has an area of 198 square miles, and 
 a population of 5661, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Sudasna, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 SUDHAKARA DUBB, MaMmahopddhydya. 
 
 Bom 26th March i860. The title was conferred, as a personal distinc- 
 tion, on 1 6th February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of 
 Her Most Gracious Majesty, for eminence in oriental languages. It entitles 
 him to take rank in Darbdr immediately after titular Rdjds. Belongs to a 
 family of Sarjupari Brdhmans, whose ancestors resided at Brahmapur in the 
 Gorakhpur district. One of the family removed to Benares, where he became 
 the heir of an Upadhya Brdhman. Sudhdkara Dube was appointed librarian 
 of the Sanskrit Department of the Benares College in 18S3; and is the 
 author of several works in Hindi and Sanskrit on Pure Mathematics and 
 Astronomy. 
 
 Residence. — Benares, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 SUJAN SINGH, Sarddr, Rat Bahddur. 
 
 These titles were conferred, as a personal distinction, the first on ist 
 June 1888, the second on 24th May 1889. 
 
 Resilience. — Rdwalpindi, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 515 
 
 SUKBT, HIS HIGHNESS DASHT NIKANDAN SEN, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1S65; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 29th March 1S79. 
 Belongs to a Rajput family of the famous Chandravatisi or Lunar race. 
 The State of Mandi (^.f.) was united to that of Suket under this dynasty till 
 the year 1200 a.d.; when a younger brother of the Raja Sahu Sen of Suket 
 left Suket and established himself at Mandi — -frequent disputes and wars 
 ensuing between the two branches of the family. Both States fell under the 
 Sikh dominion; until in the year 1S46, by the treaty with the Lahore 
 Government, Suket came under British control, the Raja Agar Sen being 
 confirmed in his ancestral dominions. The Raja Agar Sen was an accom- 
 plished Sanskrit scholar. He died in 1S76, and was succeeded by his son, 
 the late Raja Rudra Sen, father of the present Raja. During the minority 
 of the present Raja the State was administered by a Native Superintendent 
 aided by a Council. The Raja was duly installed on coming of age in 1884. 
 The area of the State is 395 square miles; its population is 52,484, chiefly 
 Hindus. His Highness maintains a military force of 12 cavalrj', 12 infantry, 
 and 4 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 1 1 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Suket, Punjab. 
 
 SUKHBASI LAL, Rat Bahadur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, in December 1858. 
 Residence. — Delhi, Punjab. 
 
 SUKHDARSHAN SINGH (of Rdmgarh), Mian. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Rajput family, descended from 
 Raja Singar Chand, Raja of Bilaspur (Kahlur). He had two sons — Megh 
 Chand (whose descendants still rule in Bilaspur, q.v.) and Kalal Chand ; 
 and the tenth in descent from the latter was Sardar Surat Singh. His son, 
 Sardar Khushal Singh, with three brothers, made considerable conquests by 
 the aid of the Raja of Nahan (Sirmur) ; of these conquests the Raja retained 
 the greater part, but Ramgarh went to Sardar Khushal Singh and his 
 brothers. The brothers died without issue ; and Khushal Singh had two sons, 
 Narayan Das and Maldeo, who divided the territory of Ramgarh between 
 them. Sardar Sukhdarshan Singh is grandson of Narayan Das. He has 
 a son and heir, named Tek Singh. His nephew is Sardar Govardhan 
 Singh {q.v). 
 
 Residence. — Rimgarh, Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 SUKHMANGAL SINGH (of Shdhmau), Rdjd. 
 
 Born I St January 1848. The title was conferred, as a personal distinc- 
 tion, on I St January 1879. The Raja is one of the Chiefs of the Kanh- 
 purias, and is descended, with the Raja Surpal Singh of Tiloi, from Rahas, 
 second son of Kanh. Eleventh in succession from Rahas was the Rdjd 
 Kandhe Rao ; he had two sons, of whom the elder, Udebhan, was the 
 ancestor of the Tiloi Rajas, while the younger, Gulal Sah, was the progenitor 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 of the Rdjas of Shahmau. Fifth in succession from Gulal Sah was Chhatar- 
 dhari Singh. In his time the Raja Balbhaddar Singh of Tiloi died without issue, 
 in 1784, leaving two Ranis; one was immolated, and from the pyre formally 
 invested Chhatardhari of Shahmau with the Raja's cap. But the adoption was 
 not recognised by the whole tribe, and the living Rani adopted Shankar Singh. 
 The result was a war of succession for fifteen years ; till at length a compro- 
 mise was agreed to, under which both competitors obtained the title of Raja, 
 and neither the seat of Tiloi, though the latter was subsequently obtained by 
 Shankar Singh. Raja Chhatardhari's grandson, the Raja Dirgaj Singh, died 
 without issue in 1879; and was succeeded at Shdhmau by his adopted son, 
 the present Raja. 
 
 Residence. — Shdhmau, Rai Bareli, Oudh. 
 
 •. SULAIMAN MIRZA KHAN, Saif-ud-dauld Mujdhid-ul-Mulk, 
 Bahadur, Hazabr Jang. 
 
 The title is personal, and was conferred in recognition of his position as 
 the son of Ghazanfar-ud-daula, who married a daughter of the late Muhammad 
 Ali Shdh, third King of Oudh. Is a Trustee of the Husainabad endowment. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 SULAIMAN SHAH, Mrza. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mirza being a scion of the Royal House of 
 Taimur of Delhi, and a descendant of Alamgir II. 
 Residence. — Delhi, Punjab. 
 
 SULTAN ALI KHAN walad AHMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hcreditar)-, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation {see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shik.-lrpur, Sind. 
 
 SULTAN IBRAHIM, SADDOZAI, SARDAR, Khdn Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1889. 
 Residence. — Peshdwar, Punjab. 
 
 SULTAN JALAL-UD-DIN, ShdhsAda. 
 
 The title is personal, being the courtesy title accorded to the Shdhzdda 
 in recognition of his position as son of the late Shdhzdda Taimur, and grand- 
 son of His late Majesty Shdh Shujd-ul-Mulk, ex-King of Kabul. The Shdhzdda 
 Sultdn Jaldlud-din was residing at l.udhidna in 1857, and when the Jdlandhar 
 mutineers passed through that station, he and his brother Sultdn Sikandar 
 gave protection to the native Christians, whose lives would othenvise have 
 been taken. For this act of cour.ige and loyalty each of the royal brothers 
 received a khilai, and an increase to their political pensions. The Shdhzdda 
 has four sons, of whom the eldest is named Abdul Aziz. 
 
 Residence. — Ludhi.ina, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 517 
 
 SULTAN JAN SADDOZAI, C.I.E., Sarddr. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th May 1881. 
 Residence. — P unjab. 
 
 SULTAN KHAN (of Pothi), Rdjd, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The first title (Raja) is hereditary, the second (Khan Bahadur) was 
 conferred, as a personal distinction, on 30th May 1891. Is descended from 
 the ancient Chiefs of the Chib Rajputs, a tribe inhabiting the low ranges of 
 hills between the rivers Bias and Jhelum. Those in the Gujrat district are 
 chiefly Muhammadan, as is the family of the Chief; but in the Kangra and 
 Jammu districts the Chib Rajputs retain their ancient faith. The Raja 
 Hasan Muhammad Khan held the sovereignty over the territory stretching 
 along the Jhelum below Naushahra. He was succeeded by his son, Inayat- 
 ullah Khan, and third in lineal descent from the latter was the late Raja 
 Shujang Khan, father of the present Raja, The Raja Sultan Khan rendered 
 excellent service during the Mutiny of 1857. He has four sons — (i) 
 Muhammad Khan, born 1848; (2) Ata Muhammad Khan, born 1853; (3) 
 Amir Ali Khan, born 1857 ; (4) Farman Ali Khan, born 1861. 
 
 Residence. — Pothi, Gujrit, Punjab. 
 
 SULTAN KUN'WAR (of Raipur Bichaur), Thdkurain. 
 
 Born 6th August 1813 ; succeeded her father-in-law, Rai Pirthipal Singh, 
 Bachgoti, in 1866. The title of Rai was conferred on her husband, Jagmohan 
 Singh, as a personal distinction, in 1877; it was made hereditary in 1883, 
 and when Rai Jagmohan Singh died in 1886, it seems to have fallen into 
 abeyance during the lifetime of his widow, the Thakurain. The Thakurain 
 is a Chief of one of the numerous subdivisions of the Bachgoti clan of 
 Rajputs, of which the Raja of ■Mainpuri is the principal Chief (^.?'.), and the 
 Raja Partab Bahadur Singh of Kurwar (^.?'.), the Rai Madho Prasad Singh 
 of Adharganj, Dalippur {q.v.), the Diwan Ran Bijai Bahadur Singh of Patti 
 Saifabad {q.v.), and others, are also Chiefs. The Rais of Raipur Bichaur are 
 an offshoot of the Patti Saifabad house. The 'Diwan Hirda Singh of Patti 
 Saifabad (fifth in descent from Nahar Singh, the founder of the family) had 
 seven sons, to each of whom he gave a share of his estates ; and Raipur 
 Bichaur fell to the second son, Rai Agar Sen. His son was Rai Zorawar 
 Singh, to whose son, Rai Jabar Singh, and grandson, Rai Pirthipal Singh, 
 the estate descended undivided. During the lifetime of the last named he 
 was twice besieged in his fort of Dandpur — in 1818 by the Nawab Nazim, 
 and in 1847 by the late King Wajid Ali Khan of Oudh. In each case the 
 Chief had to fly into British territory, but subsequently returned to the 
 possession of his estate. In 1866 he divided his estate of Raipur Bichaur, 
 giving rather more than half (i-Jths) to the present Thakurain, wife of his 
 eldest son, and rather less than half (T^ths) to his youngest son, Bisheshwar 
 Singh. His third son, Randhir Singh, had been adopted in 1 810 by one of 
 the Thakurains of Patti Saifabad ; and the share of his second son, Digbijai 
 Singh, appears to have been included in that of the Thakurain Sultan 
 
5i8 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Kunwar, and was ultimately fixed by the Courts in 1876 at ^ly^ths. In 
 1 882 the Thakurain instituted a suit, and obtained possession of the Das- 
 rathpur estate from the Diwan Ranbijai Bahadur Singh of Patti Saifabad. 
 Her husband, Rai Jagmohan Singh (whose titles have been given above), 
 died on the 9th April 1866. She has a son and heir, named Jagatpdl 
 Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Raipur Bichaur, Pargand Patti, Partdbgarh District, Gudh. 
 
 SULTAN MUHAMMAD SHAH, AGHA, His Highness. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th April 1886. 
 His Highness is the spiritual head of the Khoja community of Western India. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 SULTAN MUHI-UD-DIN, GHULAM, Khdn Bahddur Intizdm 
 Jang Aziz-ud-dauld. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, by one of the Nawdbs 
 of the Carnatic, and was recognised i6th December 1890. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 SUNDAR LAL, PANDIT, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1835. T^'s title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th 
 May 1882, for meritorious services rendered in the Postal Department. Is 
 a Sanadhya Brahman of the Dikshit family of Mahaban ; descended from 
 ancestors who were invited by Raja Jai Chand, and given a jdgir in the 
 Etdwah district. The Rai Bahadur's grandfather settled in Agra, where he 
 became a physician. 
 
 Residence. — Agra, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 SUNDAR SINGH (of Malaudh), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1843. The title is hereditary, the Sardar being the son of Sarddr 
 Mit Singh of .Malaudh, and the younger brother of Sarddr Badan Singh of 
 Malaudh (</.?•.) The House of Malaudh is descended from Phul, the 
 common ancestor of the great Phulkian Houses — the Mahdrdjds of Patidla, 
 Jind, and Ndbha, and the Sarddrs of Bhadaur. The fourth son of the great 
 Phul was named Rdma, who died in 1714 ; whose son, the Sardar Bhakta, 
 conquered Malaudh from the Mdler Kotla Afghans in 1754. He died in 
 1757, and was succeeded by his son, the Sarddr Mdn Singh, who died in 
 1778. His son, Sarddr Dalcl Singh, who died in 1824, was succeeded; by 
 two sons — Sarddr Fateh Singh (who died in 1849), and Sarddr Mit Singh, 
 father of Sarddr Sundar Singh. The Sarddrs Fateh Singh and Mit Singh 
 rendered good service in the war of 1845-46, supplying fifty horsemen, and 
 Mit Singh fought himself at the battles of Mudki and Firuzshahr. The 
 latter Sarddr also showed conspicuous loyalty during the Mutiny of 1857, 
 being always ready with men and money, and he received a considerable 
 remission of ta.\ation as a reward. 
 
 Residence. — Malaudh, Lucihi.lna, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 519 
 
 SUNDAR SINGH (of Daydlgarh), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sardar is a younger brother of Sardar 
 Tilak Singh of Mustafabad (^.w.), and is a descendant of Sardar Mahtab 
 Singh, who took possession of Mustafabad and the surrounding territory in 
 1759 A.D., on the decHne of the Mughal Power. His grandson, Sardar 
 Dewa Singh, had three sons, the Sardars Tilak Singh, Kanh Singh, and 
 Sundar Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Daydlgarh, Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 SUNTH, MAHARANA SHRI PRATAPSINGHJI, Rdjd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 24th March i860; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 17th April 
 1873. Belongs to a Pramara Rajput family that came originally from 
 Ujjain, claiming descent from the Mahipawat branch of the famous Malwa 
 dynasty, which boasts of Vikrama of Ujjain in the ist century a.d., and of 
 Raja Bhoj of Dhar in the nth century. This dynasty was driven from 
 Ujjain in the loth century, when Jhalam Singh, a Pramara Chief of the Puar 
 sept from Mount Abu, established his power at Jhalod. From him the fifth 
 Rana in succession was also called Jhalam Singh ; and the legend runs that 
 the Emperor of Delhi, hearing of the wonderful beauty of the daughter of 
 the Rana, demanded her in marriage, and being refused by the haughty 
 Rajput, made war upon him and slew him. The Rand's son was named 
 Sunth, and he, in the year 1255, conquered the Bhil Chief of Brahmapuri, 
 and gave his own name to the capital and State, which his descendants have 
 ever since retained. In 1819 Sunth was overrun by Sindhia, and would 
 have been either annexed or ravaged but for the intervention of the British 
 Power. The Maharana Pratapsinghji was educated at the Rajkumar College, 
 Rajkot. The area of the State is 394 square miles ; its population is 58,922, 
 chiefly Hindus. The Maharana maintains a military force of 98 cavalry, 
 226 infantry, and 4 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Sunth, Rewa Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 SURAJ KANT, PANDIT, CLE. (of Lahore), Rai Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 27th January 1886. 
 Residence. — Kashmir. 
 
 SURAJ MAL JHUNJHUNWALA, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1847. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th 
 February 1885, in recognition of his liberality and public spirit. Has 
 founded and endowed schools, hbraries, and dharmsalas or rest-houses for 
 travellers. He has also constructed a temple and a suspension bridge for 
 the use of pilgrims to the shrine of Badri Narayan in the North-Western 
 Provinces. Has a son and heir, named Sheoparshad Jhunjhunwala. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta, Bengal. 
 
520 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SURAJ NARAYAN ACHARJI, PANDIT, Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 Born 5th April 1826. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, 
 on 16th February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty, for eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him 
 to take rank in Darbar immediately after titular Rajas. Belongs to a 
 Brahman family that, for the last si.x generations, has been uniformly dis- 
 tinguished for its Sanskrit learning. 
 
 Residence. — Sultdnpur, Oudh. 
 
 SURAJBHAN SINGH (of Bhagwdnpiir), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1833. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 15th 
 April 1859, in recognition of active service to Government rendered in 
 suppressing the disturbances in Shahabad during the Mutiny of 1857. Is an 
 Honorary Magistrate of Shahabad. 
 
 Residence. — Shdhabad, Bengal. 
 
 SURAN CHAND, GENERAL, Sarddr Bahddur. 
 
 Granted the title of Sarddr Bahadur, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 
 1893. Is the General Commanding the Kashmir troops in Gilgit. 
 Residence. — Gilgit, Kashmir. 
 
 SURAT KUNWAR (of Khairigarh), Rani. 
 
 Born 1866. The title is hereditary. The Rani succeeded her husband, 
 the late Raja Indra Bikram Sdh (who died childless and intestate in 1S85), 
 under the provisions of Act I. of 1869. He belonged to a Rajput Pahari 
 family of the Surajbansi or Solar race ; descended from Dip Sah, whose 
 ancestors had been Chiefs at Dhoti in Nepal. The family was driven out of 
 Nepal by the Gurkhas in 1790 a.d., and Dip S;ih came to Khairigarh in 
 Oudh. His two sons aided the British in the Nepdl war of 181 2 ; and the 
 descendants of the younger, Rdj Ganga Sdh, still enjoy a pension on this 
 account. In 182 i they occupied Kanchanpur, drowning the Brdhman pro- 
 prietor in the river Chanka ; and in 1830 Rdi Ganga Sdh drove out the 
 Banjdras who owned Khairigarh, and possessed himself of the estate. It was 
 confirmed to the Rdjd at the annexation, and again after the Mutiny of 1857. 
 In 1859 Kanchanpur was ceded to Nepdl, and the Rdjd of Khairigarh 
 received a confiscated estate in Dhaurahra, as compensation. The son of 
 Raj Ganga Sdh, Rdjd Rhundaj Sdh, was succeeded by his son, the late Rdjd 
 Indra Bikram Sdh, who was educated at the Canning College, l.ucknow, and 
 died in 1885. He left three widows, and the Rdni Surat Kunwdr, as senior 
 Rdni, succeeded him. The Rdni's heir is the Rdni Rdj Kunwdr, second 
 Rdni of the late Rdjd. The present Rdni is the daughter of the Thdkur 
 Bhup Sdh of Achain in Nepdl. 
 
 Resilience. — Singahi, Khairigarh, Kheri, Oudh. 
 
 SURENDRA NARAYAN SINGH (of BarwAri), Rdjd. 
 
 Born January 1SS3. Tiie title was conferred, as a personal distinction, 
 on 6th June 1S85, in recognition of his loyalty and public spirit. The 
 Rdjd's ancestors had received the title of Rdjd in early times from the 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Muhammadan Government, and have long been resident landed proprietors 
 in the district of Bhdgalpur. A parjudna is in existence among the family 
 papers at Barwari, bearing the seal of the Emperor Shah Alam, in which the 
 Raja Kakbat Singh, then Zaminddr of Barwari, is styled Raja. 
 Residence. — Bhigalpur, Bengal. 
 
 SURGANA, SHANKAR RAO RAVI RAO DBSHMUKH, 
 
 Deshinukh of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1849 j succeeded to the .C'^^' in 1867. Belongs to a family that 
 is said to be of Koli (aboriginal) origin, and that had the charge, during the 
 period of Muhammadan rule, of one of the great roads from Surat to the 
 Deccan. In 1818 the Deshmukh, having attacked a British force, was con- 
 quered and hanged, and his cousin was placed on the gadi. The Deshmukh 
 Murdr Rao was succeeded by Bhaskar Rao, and the latter by the present 
 Deshmukh. 
 
 Residence. — Surgdna, Ndsik, Bombay. 
 
 SURIYA RAO NAYUDU, R., J^at? Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1845. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 20th 
 May 1890, in recognition of his services in the Executive Service of Govern- 
 ment. He was appointed a Deputy Collector in 1881. 
 
 Residence. — Masulipatam, Kistna, Madras. 
 
 SURJA KANT ACHARJI (of Muktagdchi), Rdjd Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1849. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th 
 February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty. The Raja had been created a Rai Bahadur on ist 
 January 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Majesty as 
 Empress of India. The family traces its origin to Sri Krishna Acharji, who 
 is said to have been a descendant of the famous Hindu theist, Udai 
 Narayan Acharji, the author of Kusamanjali, the last book of the N'ydya 
 Darsana. Sri Krishna was Zamindar of Muktagachi, and held high office 
 under the Nawab Nazim of Bengal at Murshidabad. The motto of the 
 family is Sanskrit, and means " Virtue is the only friend in the world." In 
 1873 the Rija received the thanks of Government for founding scholarships 
 in Dacca, and since then has largely subscribed to many important public 
 needs. 
 
 Residence. — Muktagdchi, Maimansingh, Bengal. 
 
 SURJA KUMAR, PANDIT, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 6th July 18S8, in 
 recognition of his meritorious services in the Public Works Department. 
 The Rai Bahadur is District Engineer of Murshidabad. 
 
 Residence. — Howrah, Bengal. 
 
522 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SURJANARAYAN SINGH, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 2nd Januarj- 1888, 
 in recognition of his civic services as Chairman of the Bhagalpur Municipality. 
 Residence. — Bh;Sgalpur, Bengal. 
 
 SURMA CHAND (of Datarpur), Mian. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Hoshidrpur, Punjab. 
 
 SURPAL SINGH (of Tiloi), Rdjd Bahddur. 
 
 Born 13th December 1870. The title is hereditary; that of Rajd, 
 having been originally conferred by the Raja of Hasanpur, was confirmed in 
 1877, and in 1882 the title of Raja Bahddur was recognised as hereditary. 
 The Raja is the Chief of the great tribe of the Kanhpurias, descended from 
 Kanli, a Rajput ancestor. He had two sons, Sahas and Rdhas ; from the 
 elder descend the Kanhpuria Rajas of Kaithola (see Jaibans Kunwar, Rdni), 
 from the younger spring the Rajas of Tiloi, Shahmau {see Sukhmangal Singh, 
 Rdjd), Katdri (see Partdb Bahddur Singh, Rdjd), and other Kanhpuria Houses. 
 Sixth in descent from Rdhas was the Rdjd Prasad Singh, who divided his 
 territory between his three sons, the eldest (janga Singh) taking Tiloi. 
 Fourth from Raja Janga Singh was Khande Rai ; he also divided his 
 territory between his two sons, the younger (Guldh Sdh) taking Shdhmau and 
 the elder (Udebhan) taking Tiloi. Udebhan suffered from a successful 
 rebellion of the Kurmi tribe ; but his son and successor, Rdjd Sural Singh, 
 who ruled most successfully from 1670 to 1680 a.d., made this Rdj one of 
 the largest and most powerful in Oudh. Four of his successors retained this 
 power, till the death of the Rdjd Balbhaddar in 1784 .v.d. He died child- 
 less, leaving two Ranis ; one was immolated, and from the pyre formally 
 invested the Rdja's kinsman Chhatardhdri of Shdhmau {see Sukhmangal Singh, 
 Rdjd) with the Rajd's cap. But this adoption was not accepted by all the 
 Kanhpuria tribe of Tiloi. The surviving Rdni adopted Shankar Singh, the 
 ancestor of the present Rdjd, F"or fifteen years a war of succession was waged 
 without any decisive result ; till at last it was agreed that both the competitors 
 should have the title of Rdjd, but neither the ancestral seat of Tiloi. Shankar 
 Singh took his title from Asni, and Chhatardhdri from Shdhmau ; and it was 
 not till some years afterwards that the former, a prudent and peaceful Chief, 
 recovered Tiloi, the centre of the tribal traditions. He was followed by his 
 son, Rdja Buniad Singh ; and the latter by his son, Rdjd Jagpdl Singh, father 
 of the present Rdjd. Jagpdl Singh sent men to the general levy at Lucknow 
 in 1857, but was never prominent in the rebellion; and early in 185S he 
 made his submission to the Government, and assisted in re-establishing the 
 Imperial outjiosts. For this he was besieged in his fort by the combined 
 forces of Beni Madho and all the rebcllous Talukddrs, and reduced to great 
 extremity. It was long before he could be rescued by British troops ; and 
 for his services he received a grant of some of the confiscated adjacent 
 territory. In i860 he was made a Magistrate; and in 1875 ^^^ *J'cd, and 
 was succeeded by his son, the present Rdjd. 
 
 Residence. — Tiloi, Kai Bareli, Oudh. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 523 
 
 SUSANG, MAHARAJA KUMUD CHANDRA SINGH, 
 
 jMahdnijd of. 
 
 Born in June 1866. The title is hereditary, having been so recognised 
 in 18S4. Is descended from a family that has held rule over the Pargana of 
 Susang in Maimansingh, and the adjacent wild country of the Garo hills, 
 from very early times. Prior to the reign of the Emperor Jahangir they 
 seem to have been altogether independent, and had little or no intercourse 
 with the Muhammadan conquerors of Bengal, some of these early Chiefs 
 bearing the style or title of Malik. The last of these (p^/aw-independent 
 Chiefs, Malik Janaki Nath, was succeeded by his son, Raghu Nath. The 
 fragrant wood called agar, produced largely in the Garo hills, was in request 
 at the Court of Delhi ; and Raghu Nath agreed to supply a quantity of aga>- 
 to Delhi yearly as a tribute, in return for the help of an Imperial force, which 
 enabled him to subdue his turbulent Garo subjects, and for the title of Raja. 
 It is further stated that the Emperor conferred on Raja Raghu Nath the 
 titles of Garo Jumli Mansahi, Durjai Ma?isal>i and Pamh Hazdri or 
 Commander of Five Thousand. He was succeeded by his son. Ram Nath 
 Singh, who continued to pay the tribute to Delhi, then called agarburi or the 
 cutting of agar wood. Ram Nath Singh died without issue, and was 
 succeeded by his nephew, Ram Jiban Singh. The latter received a sanad 
 from the Emperor of Delhi, recognising him as Zaminddr of Susang, and 
 rightful successor of his uncle ; and from this time the head of the family is 
 usually styled Raja. In the time of the Emperor Aurangzeb a money- 
 payment was substituted for the agar wood, and in addition a regular 
 nazardna was paid by the subsequent Rajas of Susang. Raja Rai Singh, 
 who succeeded his brother Raja Kishor Singh in 1784 a.d., was the Zamindar 
 with whom the Decennial Settlement was made. He died in 1822, and was 
 succeeded by his second son, Raja Biswa Singh, as the eldest, Baidya Nath, 
 had died during the lifetime of his father. Biswa Singh's son, Pran Krishna 
 Singh, received the title of Raja Bahadur as a personal distinction, 5th 
 December 1862. He died in 1864, and was succeeded by his son. Raja 
 Raj Krishna Singh, who at the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi, on ist January 
 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty 
 as Empress of India, received the higher title of Maharaja as a personal 
 distinction, and this was declared hereditary in 18S4. The late Maharaja 
 died in 1890, at the age of fifty-nine, leaving four sons, of whom the eldest, 
 Maharaja Kumud Chandra Singh, succeeded him. The present Maharaja 
 was educated at the Presidency College, Calcutta, where he graduated B.A. 
 in 1889. 
 
 Residence. — Susang Durgapur, Maimansingh, Bengal. 
 
 SUTALIA, SHAMBHU SINGH, Chief of . 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1877; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 28th August 1S86. 
 Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family. The population of the State is 5330, 
 chiefly Hindus. 
 * Residence. — Sutalia, Bhopdl, Central India. 
 
524 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 SUTHRI, JAREJA JASAJI CHANDAJI, Chief of . 
 
 This Chief is a feudatory of His Highness the Rao of Kutch (?.€'.) 
 Rendence. — Suthri, Kutch, Bombay. 
 
 SWAMINATHA AIYAR, S., Rao Saheb. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893, for 
 eminent services as a Deputy Collector in North Arcot. 
 Residence. — North Arcot, Madras. 
 
 SWARNAMAYI (of KdsimbAzd.r), C.I., MaMrdni 
 
 Born 1828. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on nth 
 August 1 87 1, in recognition of her munificent public charities, and active 
 and loyal public spirit. The Mahdrdni has also received from Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty the Queen Empress, as further token of approval, the 
 Imperial Order of the Crown of India ; and the title of Mahardja, as a 
 personal distinction, is to be revived in the Maharani's successor in estate. 
 The Maharani's heir at present is named Monindra Chandra Nandi. The 
 Kasimljdzar family derives its origin from Krishnakanta Nandi, Diwdn to the 
 Marquess of Hastings when Governor-General. His son, Lokndth Rai, 
 obtained the title of Mahdrdjd from the British Government. Mahdrdjd 
 I-okndth Rai'sson, Rdjd Harindth Rai Bahadur, was the father of the late Rdjd 
 Krishnandth Rai Bahddur, husband of the Mahdrdni. For many years past 
 the Mahdrdni has contributed very largely to ever)' good work ; and in time 
 of famine especially her charities have been unbounded. 
 
 Residence. — Kdsimbdzdr, Murshidabad, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 525 
 
 TAGORE, MAHARAJA SIR JOTEENDRO MOHUN, BAHADUR, 
 K.C.S.I., jMahdrdJd Bahadur. 
 
 Bom 1 83 1. Is one of the chief members of the well-known Tagore 
 family of Calcutta, and eldest son of the late Babu Kara Kumar Tagore. 
 
 Descended from Bhatta Narayan, the chief of 
 the famous five Brahmans of Kanauj, whom 
 King Vira Singh of Kanauj sent to Bengal at 
 the request of King Adisur of Bengal about 
 the year 994 a.d. Bhatta Narayan is reputed 
 to have left sixteen sons, among whom was 
 Nri Singh or Nanu, a Suddha Srotriya, the 
 ancestor of the Thakurs — or, as the name 
 has been Anglicised, the Tagores. Eighth in 
 descent from him was Dharanidhara, the 
 author of a Commentary on the Institutes of 
 Manu; and his grandson, Dhananjai, was a 
 Judge under the King Ballala Sena of Bengal, 
 who established the system of Kulinism in 
 the social classification of the Brahmans and 
 Kayasthas of Bengal. " The main object of 
 this system," wrote the learned Raja Rajendra 
 Lala Mitra, D.C.L., "was to give pre-emi- 
 nence to the five Brahmans and five Kayasthas who had been brought 
 to Bengal by Adisura." The son of Dhananjai was Halayudha, who was 
 Prime Minister under King Lakshmana Sena of Bengal, and his two 
 grandsons, Mahendra and Ganendra, were respectively known as the 
 Bara Kumar and Chhota Kumar. The sixth in descent from the " Bara 
 Kumar" was Jagannatha, famous for his learning, who was known as 
 the Pandit-Rdjd, or " Prince of Pandits " ; and his son, Purushottam, 
 again, was the author of the Praydga Ratnamdld, and many other learned 
 works. It is curious to note, as an extreme instance of the stringency 
 of the discipline of Kulinism, that the Pandits condemned the marriage 
 of Purushottam with the daughter of a man, otherwise of unstained repu- 
 tation, who had incurred caste-penalties by the accidental smelling of 
 forbidden food. The sixth in descent from Purushottam was Panchanan, 
 who appears to have been the first of the family to receive the title of Thakur 
 or Tagore, which they still bear as a family name. He settled at Govindpur 
 on the banks of the Hughli river, a mouth of the sacred Ganges, where he 
 bought land and built himself a house, and a temple dedicated to the worship 
 of Siva. His son, Jairam, was Amin of the Twenty-four Parganas at the time 
 of the Black Hole tragedy, the capture of Calcutta by the infamous 
 Siraj-ud-daula, and its recapture by the British troops ; and his paternal 
 land at Govindpur was subsequently taken up by Government as the site of 
 the new Fort, when Jairam moved to Pathariaghatta, and there erected 
 the dwelling-house and the bathing-ghat which are still the property of the 
 family. He died in 1762, leaving four sons, of whom two, Darpa Narayana 
 and Nilmani, were the ancestors respectively of the senior and junior 
 branches of the Tagore family. 
 
 Both of these branches have been rendered illustrious by the great men 
 
526 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 they have produced. In the junior branch, two of Nllmani's grandsons — the 
 Hon. Dwarka Nath Tagore, the great Hindu reformer and philanthropist, 
 and the Maharaja Roma Nath Tagore, C.S.I., late Member of the Viceroy's 
 Legislative Council and President of the British Indian Association, were 
 most distinguished men. They, with their equally distinguished cousin of 
 the senior branch, the Hon. Prasanna Kumar Tagore, C.S.I. , contributed 
 almost more than any others to that fusion of British and Indian interests and 
 sympathies in the Councils of the Empire that has been so useful in Indian 
 administration. The repeated visits of Dwarka Nath Tagore to Europe — 
 where he was honoured by the most gratifying marks of the approval of Her 
 Majesty and of the late Prince Consort — made him a personage of cosmopolitan 
 importance, respected in London and Manchester as much as in Calcutta; 
 and at the same time familiarised him with all the best traditions of Western 
 society, and with the most recent movements of modern thought It was in 
 compliance with the humble request of Uwarka Nath Tagore that Her 
 Majesty and the Prince Consort consented to sit for those handsome full- 
 length portraits that now adorn the Town-Hall of Calcutta ; and on the 
 occasion of the same visit of Dwarka Nath to Windsor Castle, the Queen 
 ordered miniatures of herself and the Prince Consort to be prepared for pre- 
 sentation to this specially-honoured guest. This was in 1842, and in the 
 same year he received a Gold Medal from the Directors of the Hon. 
 East India Company, accompanied by an appreciative letter, from which the 
 following is an extract : " The Court trusts that the noble course which you 
 have pursued will have the effect of contributing to the accomplishment of 
 that object which it has ever been their anxious desire to promote, namely, 
 the idcntificaiion of the feelings and interests of the natives to their Govern- 
 ment, and thus strengthening the bond which unites India with Great Britain." 
 Dwarka Nath Tagore died in London at the early age of fifty-one, regretted 
 by his Sovereign and by all ranks of his fellow-subjects, English as well as 
 Indian, 1st August 1S46. 
 
 His brother, Romrl Nath Tagore, was created a Companion of the Most 
 Exalted Order of the Star of India, 1S74 ; and a Maharaja in 1S77, on the 
 occasion of the Proclamation of Her MostGracious Majestyas Empress of India. 
 In 1872 he had been appointed a Member of the Viceroy's Legislative Council ; 
 and he also filled successively the offices of Vice-President and President of 
 the British Indian Association. On the occasion of the visit of His Royal 
 Highness the Prince of Wales to Calcutta, the Mah;lrdja was chosen to be 
 Chairman of the Committee of Reception ; and was honoured with the gift of 
 a handsome ring from the Prince, as a souvenir of the auspicious occasion. 
 The Mahdraja died in 1877 ; the above, being descendants of Nilmani Tagore, 
 belonged to the junior branch of the family. Nilmani's elder brother, Darpa 
 Nar.-iyan Tagore, was the ancestor of the senior branch, of which the present 
 head is the Mahdrdjd Sir Joteendro Mohun Tagore. Darpa Nardyan's second 
 son, Gopi Mohun, succeeded to a large share of his father's great wealth, to 
 which he made immense additions during a most successful career. His public 
 munificence was on a princely scale, and on a par with his private charities ; 
 and among many important benedictions with which his name was associated 
 may be mentioned the foundation of the Hindu College — afterwards the 
 Presidency College of the University of Calcutta — to which he contributed so 
 largely that, with the Mahdrdjd of Burdwan, he was appointed Hereditary 
 Governor of that great Institution. He left six sons, of whom one, Prasanna 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 527 
 
 Kumar Tagore (already alluded to), became one of the most famous lawyers 
 and politicians of modern India ; while an elder, named Hara Kumar, 
 distinguished for his blameless and successful life, his amiability of character, 
 and his eminence as a Sanskrit scholar, became the father of the Maharaja 
 Sir Joteendro Mohun, as well as of the Raja Sir Sourindro Mohun Tagore, 
 Kt, CLE. {q.v.). 
 
 The Hon. Prasanna Kumar Tagore, C.S.I., was perhaps the chief among 
 the founders of the Landowners Association of Bengal, that afterwards 
 developed into the British Indian Association. He was also one of the 
 founders of the modern system of public instruction in India ; and his 
 Minute on the subject, written in 1841, was published by Government with its 
 Educational Regulations. He was the most learned writer of the day, and 
 one of the most voluminous — chiefly on questions of law and jurisprudence. 
 At his death in 1S66 he left no less a sum than nearly seven lakhs of rupees 
 for religious, charitable, and educational purposes ; of which a portion formed 
 the well-known endowment of the " Tagore Law Professorship " of the Calcutta 
 University. The late Joykissen Mookerji {see Piari Mohan Mukharji, 
 Raja) wrote of him, on the occasion of the great Public Meeting held in 
 Calcutta in his honour shortly after his death : " There was scarcely a move- 
 ment during the last forty years, either for the assertion of the political rights 
 or for the social advancement of the people, in which he was not either the 
 originator or one of its warmest supporters." 
 
 The late Hara Kumar Tagore, elder brother of the Hon. Prasanna 
 Kumar, died in 1858; and was succeeded, as head of the family, by the 
 present Mahdraja Sir Joteendro Mohun Tagore. Born in 1831, he was 
 educated at the Hindu College, Calcutta, and subsequently under the private 
 tuition of Captain D. L. Richardson and others. He displayed from an 
 early age a marked taste for literary composition, both in English and in 
 the Vernacular, and especially for poetry. He was the author of several 
 excellent Bengali dramas and farces in the Vernacular ; among which the Bidya 
 Stindara Ndtak is perhaps the best. He rendered much help to Govern- 
 ment in 1866, in succouring the famine-stricken people of Midnapur. He 
 was Honorary Secretary of the British Indian Association for several years ; 
 elected its President in 1S79, re-elected ■'^ 1891, and continues still to act 
 in that capacity. In 1870 he was chosen a Member of the Legislative 
 Council of Bengal, and reappointed in 1872. In 187 1 he had received the 
 title of Raja Bahadur, and was exempted from attendance in Civil Courts 
 in April of that year. He received the title of Maharaja in January 1877, 
 on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India. Appointed a Member of the Legislative Council of the 
 Governor-General in February of that year, and in recognition of the valuable 
 assistance rendered in the discussion of the provisions of the Civil Procedure 
 Bill, was reappointed in 1879. In the latter year he was created a 
 Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India ; and appointed 
 for the third time a Member of the Viceroy's Council in February 1881. 
 Created Knight Commander of the Star of India in May 1882 ; received the 
 title of Maharaja Bahadur in January 1890, and in the January of the following 
 year this title was made hereditary in his family. He made a free gift of his 
 interest in the land on which the Mayo Hospital is built, and supplemented 
 that gift by giving Government Promissory Notes for Rs. 10,000 in aid of that 
 institution. One of the wards of the Mayo Hospital is named after him, in 
 
S28 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 recognition of his gift, and he founded some valuable scholarships, in the 
 name of his father and of his uncle, the Hon. Prasanna Kumar Tagore, 
 C.S.I. He also set apart funds for the provision of a gold keyur or armlet, 
 to be annually presented to the best student in Sanskrit literature in 
 the Calcutta University ; and founded a gold medal for the best student 
 who passed an examination after attending the Tagore Law Lectures, annually, 
 and another gold medal for the best student in Physical Science. The 
 Mahdraja is a Justice of the Peace for the town of Calcutta, Fellow of the 
 University of Calcutta, Trustee of the Indian Museum (of which he was elected 
 President in the year 1882), one of the Governors of the Mayo Hospital, and 
 a Member of the Asiatic Society. He had the honour of being elected the 
 President of the Reception Committee during the visit of the late Prince 
 Albert Victor in 1889. He was Vice-President of the Syndicate of the 
 Calcutta University in 1S81, and President of the Faculty of Arts in 1881-82. 
 He presented to the Calcutta University the marble statue of his uncle, the 
 Hon. Prasanna Kumar Tagore, which is placed in the portico of the Senate 
 House. Jointly with his brother, the Raja Sir Sourindro Mohun Tagore, he 
 presented a piece of land to the Municipality of Calcutta for the construction 
 of a Square (to be named after his father), in which he has at his own 
 expense placed a marble bust of his father. He has also founded an endowment 
 for the benefit of Hindu widows, of one lakh of rupees, under the name of 
 the "Mahdrajmata Shib Sundari Debi's Hindu Widows' Fund" His son 
 and heir is the Mahdrdj-Kumar Pradyot Kumdr Tagore ; and he has had 
 four daughters, of whom one only is alive at present. The three deceased 
 ladies have left five sons, viz. Kumdd Prakds, Nolin Prakds, and Sesh 
 Prakds Canguli, and Jaladhi Chandra and Kiron Mdli Mookerji ; who are 
 now living with their grandfather the Mahdrdjd Bahddur. 
 
 Arms. — Asurc, the sun in splendour /rw/i-r, surrounded by a halo of eight 
 points or, all within a bordure arj^i/if. Crest. — On a tortoise or the figure of 
 Vishnu proper, seated, his head surrounded by a halo of the first. Supporters. 
 — A Royal Bengal tiger and an elephant, both rampant, or. Motto. — Sa/yam 
 Balam Kcbalam [BcitgA/i, meaning " Truth is the only Power "). 
 
 Rc-siiii-nces. — The Prasdd, Calcutta ; The Emerald Bower, Twenty - four 
 Pargands, Bengal. 
 
 TAGORE, PRADYOT KUMAR, Afafuirdj-Kuimir. 
 
 Heir of the Hon. Mahdrdjd Sir Joteendro Mohun Tagore, Bahddur, 
 K.C.S.I. (y.r). 
 
 ResiJcncc. — The Prasdd, Calcutta. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 529 
 
 TAGORE, RAJA SIR SOURINDRO MOHUN, KNIGHT, C.I.E., 
 
 Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1840. Is a son of the late Hara Kumar Tagore, and a younger 
 brother of the Maharaja Sir Joteendro Mohun Tagore, under whose name will 
 be found an account of the family history. Educated in the Hindu 
 College, Calcutta, he w-rote at the age of fourteen a work on history and 
 geography, and a year later an original drama, in Bengali, which was some 
 time after followed by a translation of Kalidasa's Mdlavikdgnimitra. Has 
 studied the Sanskrit theory of music, on which he is the first living authority. 
 The Raja is a practical musician, and composer of a large number of pieces 
 of vocal, instrumental, and concerted music. He wrote, translated, or 
 edited many works on music, the drama, and other subjects, numbering 
 in all about sixty. He founded the Bengal Music School, August 1871, and 
 the Bengal Academy of Music in August 1881, both these institutions being 
 conducted at his expense and under his presidency. He reduced Hindu 
 music to a system, and was the first to introduce its teaching by means of 
 the notation which he devised. He received the degree of Doctor of Music 
 in April 1875 from the University of Philadelphia, the degree being 
 subsequently confirmed by the Government of India ; was made a Fellow of 
 the University of Calcutta, and a Companion of the Most Eminent Order 
 of the Indian Empire, in 18S0. In the same year he was granted the title of 
 Raja. He translated the National Anthem into Bengali, the rendering being 
 approved and accepted by the " National Anthem for India " Committee, 
 London ; set the Anthem to twelve varieties of Indian melody at the request 
 of the same Committee, which addressed him as " the highest musical authority 
 in India." He was created a Knight of the United Kingdom of Great 
 Britain and Ireland. He is the owner of extensive landed property 
 in eight districts of Bengal (including Plassey, where the famous battle 
 was fought, and Ganga Sagar, the celebrated place of pilgrimage at the 
 mouth of the Ganges). He is a connoisseur of gems, and author of 
 Marimdld, a voluminous work on the subject. He is a pious Hindu, 
 and contributes liberally towards objects of public utility ; maintains 
 a charitable Homceopathic Dispensary in Calcutta ; is Honorary President, 
 Fellow, or Member of many literary and scientific societies in Asia, 
 Europe, Africa, America, and Australia. He has, for his investigations into 
 the theory, and efforts for the advancement of the art of Hindu music, 
 obtained a world-wide reputation and an unprecedented number of decora- 
 tions, some of which are enumerated below — Knight Commander of the 
 Royal Order of the Crown of Italy ; of the Most Exalted Order of Francis 
 Joseph, Austria ; of the First Class of the Order of Albert, Saxony ; of the 
 Order of Frederick, ^Vurtemberg ; of the Order of Leopold, Belgium ; of the 
 Order of Dannebrog, Denmark ; of the Royal Order of Vasa, Sweden ; of the 
 French Republican Order ; the Order of the Dragon, Anamese Empire ; 
 of the Royal Order of Dannelo, Montenegro; of the Royal Order of 
 Kapiolani, Hawaiian Islands ; Knight of the Royal Portuguese Military 
 Order of Christ ; of the Royal Order of the Netherlands' Lion ; of the Second 
 Class of the High Imperial Order of the Lion and Sun (as also the title of 
 Nawab Shahzada), Persia ; of the Order of Basabamala, Siam ; of the First 
 Class of the Imperial Order of " Paow Sing," China ; of the Gurkha Star 
 
 2 M 
 
S30 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 (and the titles of Satigita-Silpa- Vidyasdgara and Bharatiya-Sangita-Nayakd), 
 Nepal ; Grand Cordon of the Order of the Bust of the Liberator (Bolivar), 
 Venezuela ; Officer of the Academy, and of Public Instruction, Paris ; 
 Honorary Member of the Royal Academy of St. Cecilia, Rome (being 
 appointed by the late King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel). His eldest son and 
 heir is the Kumar Promodh Kumar Tagore. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 TAJ MUHAMMAD KHAN -a-alad MIR GHULAM SHAH, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the -Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation (see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikirpur, Sind. 
 
 TAJ MUHAMMAD KHAN, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1826. The title was conferred i6th March 1865, for eminent 
 services to Government in the Police Department of Sind during the Mutiny 
 of 1857. 
 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 TAJAMMUL ALT, SAYYID, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title was originally an official one, in recognition of the Sa)7id's 
 position as a Deputy Magistrate and Deputy Collector, but on account of 
 his good services it was continued for life, i8th June 1885. 
 
 Residence. — Gardah, Faridpur, Bengal. 
 
 TAJAMMUL HUSAIN, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1864. The title was conferred ist January 1S87, as a personal 
 distinction, in recognition of his position as son-in-law of His late Highness 
 Prince Intizam-ul-Mulk, the third of the titular Princes of Arcot. 
 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
 TAJPURI, THAKUR MOTISINGHJI, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1850. Belongs to a family that is said to be descended from a 
 Pramara R;ljput Chief, who drank water at the house of a Koli (aboriginal 
 tribe), and whose descendants were thence called Pramara Kolis. The 
 family first settled at T;ljpuri in 1474 a.d., the first Th.ikur being named 
 Rdwanji. His .son was the Thdkur Jesalji ; and from him there were fourteen 
 generations to the late Thakur Madhusinghji, who was born in 1826, and 
 succeeded to the ,c<»</' in December 1858. He was succeeded by his eldest 
 son, the present Thdkur. The area of the State is 1 7 square miles ; its 
 population 2292, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Resilience. — Tdjpuri, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 531 
 
 TAKHT SINGH (of Bedla), Rao Bahadur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1887. 
 Residence. — Mewir, Rajputdna. 
 
 TAL, RAWAT ONKAR SINGH, Rdtvat of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1853; succeeded to the gadi as a minor in 1859. Belongs to a 
 Doria Rajput (Hindu) family. The State contains a population of about 
 1600. 
 
 Residence. — Tal, Central India. 
 
 TALGHER, RAJA RAM CHANDRA BIRBAR HARI CHANDAN 
 
 MAHIPATRA, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Bom 22nd December 1856; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 8th 
 November 1873. Belongs to a Rajput (Hindu) family, claiming descent 
 from the ancient Solar dynasty of Ajudhya. The founder, Narhari Singh, 
 came into Orissa from Ajudhya (Oudh) ; and having conquered the aboriginal 
 tribes, established himself as Raja. From him the seventh in direct lineal 
 descent, the Raja Ayadi, assumed the style or title of Birbar Harichandan 
 Mahipatra, which has been borne by all his successors. The family cognisance 
 is a tiger's head. The eighteenth in succession was the Raja Dayanidhi 
 Birbar Harichandan Mahipatra Bahadur ; he received the title of Raja 
 Bahadur from the British Government for good services rendered in quelling 
 disturbances in the neighbouring State of Angul. The State, which is 
 one of the Orissa Tributary Mahals, had come under British control, 24th 
 November 1803. It has an area of 399 square miles, and a population of 
 35,590, chiefly Hindus. The late Raja Bahadur was succeeded by his son, 
 the present Raja, in 1873. The latter maintains a military force of 493 
 infantry and 2 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Talcher, Orissa, Bengal. 
 
 TAMKUHI, Rdjd of. See Kishan Partab Bahadur Sahai. 
 
 TAPPA, THAKUR TAKHT SINGH, Tlidkur of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1857 ; succeeded to the gadi 24th August 1866. Belongs to a 
 Rdjput (Hindu) family. The State contains a population of about 1200; 
 and is feudatory to Gwalior, having been granted to the Thakur Rup Singh 
 in 1822 by the Maharaja Daulat Rao Sindhia. The late Chief, who died in 
 
 1865, left no heir, and the present Thakur, being a relative, was adopted in 
 
 1866, with the sanction of the Maharaja Sindhia of Gwalior. 
 
 Residence. — Tappa, Bhopdl, Central India. 
 
532 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 TARA MOTI (of DUehri), Rdni. 
 
 Born 1846. Belongs to a Raj Gond family, descended from Ranjor 
 Singh, who obtained the title of Raja for military services rendered to one 
 of the kings of the ancient Gond dynasty of Mandla. In the disturbances 
 of 1842 the Raj.-i Senapat of Dilehri captured the rebel leader Bhagwant 
 Singh of Hirdapur, whose estate was confiscated and conferred on Raja 
 Senapat as a reward for his loyalty. The latter was succeeded by his son 
 Dalip Singh, who died while still an infant, when the title of Raja became 
 extinct, and the estate escheated to Government. The estate was, however, 
 ultimately settled at light rates with the Diwan Murat Singh, brother of Rdja 
 Sendpat, and other members of the family. The Diwan Murat Singh rendered 
 good service during the Mutiny of 1857, and was rewarded with a handsome 
 k/iilat by Government. He was succeeded by his son, Balbhadar Singh 
 (husband of the Rani), who was known as the Rajd of Dilehri. His son, 
 Ratan Singh, died as a minor, and was succeeded by his mother, widow of 
 Balbhadar Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Dilehri, Narsinghpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 TARA PRASAD MUKARJI, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title, which is a personal one, was conferred " for good services and 
 public spirit," on ist January 1891. 
 
 Residence. — Revilganj, Sdran, Bengal. 
 
 TARA PRASANNA RAI, Rai Baluidur. 
 
 The title was conferred on ist January 1889, as a personal distinction, 
 in recognition of his eminence in medical science, and especially in Chemis- 
 try. The Rai Bahddur has been Assistant Chemical Examiner to the 
 Government of Bengal, and Assistant Professor of Chemistry in the Medical 
 College of Calcutta. He holds the rank of Assistant Surgeon in Her 
 Majesty's Army. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 TARA SINGH (of Chuni Machhli, Bhareli), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1858. Tiic title is hereditary. The Sardar belongs to a Jat 
 family, descended from Sardar Majja Singh, who acquired territory- in the 
 Jdlandhar district by conquest. When deprived of this by the Mahdrdjd 
 Ranjit Singh he crossed the Sullcj and conquered the territory' which has 
 since been held by the family in the Cis-Sutlej States. He was succeeded by 
 his son, Sarddr 1 )dl Singh ; whose son, Sardar Kanh Singh, was the father of 
 the Sarddrs Basant Singh and Jaswant Singh. The former died childless. 
 Sarddr Jaswant Singh rendered good service during the Mutiny of 1S57, and 
 received the reward of a considerable permanent remission of taxation. His 
 son and successor is the present Sarddr Tdrd Singh. 
 
 Kisidemc. — Chuni Machhli, Uhareli, Amb.dia, Punjab. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 533 
 
 TARA SINGH (of Zafarwdl), Sarddr. 
 
 Born T852. Belongs to a Randhawa Jat family of Sikh Sardars, 
 descended from Dj'dnat Rai, whose son was Lachhi Ram, and his grandson 
 Sardar Gajja Singh. The grandson of the latter was Sarddr Prem Singh, 
 who ser\-ed with the forces of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh in many campaigns. 
 He had two sons, the Sardars Jaimal Singh and Jawahir Singh. Jaimal 
 Singh joined the British forces and rendered excellent service. He died 
 childless. His brother, Sardar Jawahir Singh, was the father of the present 
 Sardar, Tara Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Zafarwdl, Sidlkot, Punjab. 
 
 TARA SINGH, Sardd>- 
 
 The title was conferred in 1S74, as a personal distinction, in recognition 
 of his eminent services in connection with Sir Douglas Forsyth's Mission to 
 Yarkand. 
 
 Residence. — Tdrdgarh, Rdwalpindi, Punjab. 
 
 TARAON, CHAUBB CHHATURBHUJ, Jdgirddr of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 22nd January 1863; succeeded to \!n& gadi z.% a minor 3rd March 
 1872. Belongs to a Chaube Brdhman (Hindu) family, descended from Rdm 
 Krishna Chaube of Kdlinjar, who was kildddr (or Governor) of the fortress 
 of Kdlinjar under the Mahdrdjd of Panna. He and his sons successfully 
 held Kdlinjar both against Ali Bahadur and subsequently against British 
 troops. Ultimately the Chaubd family submitted, and were allowed to retain 
 Kdlinjar as British feudatories. Rdm Krishna Chaube died in 1816; and 
 his four sons received four other territories in lieu of Kdlinjar, which was 
 resumed — the four States thus formed being known as the Kdlinjar Chaubds, 
 and comprising Paldeo {q.v.), Bhaisaunda {q.v.\ Pahra {q.v.), and Taraon. 
 The last-named was the appanage of Gajddhar, whose son, Gaya Parshad, 
 received a sanad from the British Government. Two generations intervened 
 between Gaya Parshad and the present Chief. The State has an area of 
 12 square miles, and a population of 3163, chiefly Hindus. The Jdgirddr 
 maintains a military force of 3 cavalry, 43 infantry, and 3 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Taraon, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 TARINI CHARAN SIROMANI, MahdmaJwpddhydya. 
 
 The title was conferred on i6th February 1887, as a personal distinction, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign, in recognition of his 
 eminence in oriental learning. It entitles him to take rank in Darbdr im- 
 mediately after titular Rdjds. 
 
 Residence. — Faridpur, Bengal. 
 
 TAROCH, THAKUR KIDAR SINGH, Thdhir of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 Born 1S65; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 20th May 187 1. 
 Belongs to an ancient Rajput family ; descended from Thakur Kishan 
 
534 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Singh, to whom Taroch was granted in very early times by the Raja of 
 Sirmur {g.v.) From him the twenty-first in lineal descent was the Thakur 
 Karam Singh, who was in possession when Taroch fell under British control. 
 He died in 1819, and the Raj was conferred on his brother Jhobu, and 
 subsequently on Jhobu's son, Shyama Singh. But ultimately, in 1843, it 
 was given to the late Thakur Ranjit Singh, son of Karam Singh. Ranjit 
 Singh's son, the late Thakur Kehr Singh, was the father of the present 
 Thakur, and was succeeded by him in 1871. The area of the State (which 
 is one of the Simla Hill States) is 75 square miles; its population is 3216, 
 chiefly Hindus. The Thdkur maintains a military force of 50 militia. 
 Residence. — Taroch, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 TASSADUK RASUL KHAN (of Jah^ngirabad), Hdjd. 
 
 Husband of the Rdni Zeb-un-Nisa {see page 583). Granted the title of 
 Rdjd, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893. 
 Residence. — Jahdngirabad, Bara Banki, Gudh. 
 
 TAUNGBAING, KAM KYAN, Sawbwa of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Sawbwa is Chief of one of the Shan States, Burma. The area of 
 his State is about 900 square miles ; its population consists mainly of Shans. 
 Residence. — Taungbaing, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 TEHRI (or Garhwdl), HIS HIGHNESS RAJA KIRTI SAH, 
 
 Jiiijd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1873; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 6th February 1887. 
 Belongs to a Kshatriya (Rajput Hindu) family, descended from Kanak Pal, 
 a Rdjput of the Lunar race. For many generations this family ruled in 
 Garhwal, occasionally paying a small tribute to the Emperor of Delhi. In 
 1S04 the Gurkhas overran this territory, and expelled the Rajd, Pradhuman 
 Sdh, who was slain in a vain attempt to recover his dominions. After the 
 defeat of the Gurkhas by the British, and the annexation of Kumdun and 
 part of Garhwdl in 181 5, a portion of his father's territories were conferred 
 on Sudarshan Sdh, son of Pradhuman Sdh. The Raja Sudarshan Sdh ruled 
 in Tehri from 1815 to 1S59, and rendered excellent service during the 
 Mutiny of 1857. In consideration of these good services the Rdj was 
 conferred on his eldest natural son, the Raja Bhawdni Sdh. He was suc- 
 ceeded in 1 87 1 by his son, the late Rdjd Partdp Sdh, who was followed in 
 1887 by the present Chief During the minority of the Rdjd the State is 
 administered by a Council of Regency, presided over by the Rdni Guleri, 
 His Highness's mother. The State has an area of 4180 square miles, and 
 a population of 199,836, chiefly Hindus. The Rdjd is entitled to a salute 
 of 1 1 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Tchri, Garhw.ll, Xonh-Wcstem Provinces. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 535 
 
 TEHRI (or Orchha), Maharaja of. 
 See Orchha. 
 
 TEJ NARAIN SINGH, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on i6th February 1887, as a personal distinction, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty's reign. 
 Resilience. — Bh^galpur, Bengal. 
 
 TEJA SINGH, RISALDAR, Hao Saheb. 
 
 The title was conferred on i6th February 1887, as a personal distinction, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty's reign, in 
 recognition of eminent military services. 
 
 Residence. — i ith P.W.O. Lancers. 
 
 TENDUK PULGER (of Karmie), Rdjd. 
 
 The title of Raja was conferred on ist January 1889, as a personal 
 distinction, in recognition of valuable services rendered during the Sikkim 
 Expedition. 
 
 Residence. — Karmie, Ddrjiling, Bengal. 
 
 TERWARA, THAKUR NATHU KHAN, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1831 ; succeeded to the gadi in 1851. Belongs to a Baluch 
 (Muhammadan) family, descended from a Baluch leader who came from 
 Sind and took service under the Nawab of Radhanpur (^.z'.), of which State 
 Terwara formed a part. In 1822 the Thakur of Terwara, Thakur Baluch 
 Khan, father of the present Chief, was confirmed as Chief of this State by 
 the orders of the British Government. The area of the State is 125 square 
 miles; its population 8846, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Tenw^ra, Pdlanpur, Bombay. 
 
 TET PYO, MAUNG, Kyet Thaye zaung shwe Sahi>e ya Min. 
 
 The title was conferred on 6th June 1885, as a personal distinction. It 
 means " Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour," and is indicated by the 
 letters K.S.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Thayetmyo, Burma. 
 
 THA DUN AUNG, MAUNG, Thiiye-gaung A'gzveda ya Min. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 2nd January 1893. 
 It is indicated by the letters T.D.M. after the name, and means " Recipient 
 of the Silver Sword for Bravery." The Maung is the officiating Myook of 
 Pyindaye in the district of Thonwa, Burma. 
 
 Residence. — Pyindaye, Thonwa, Burma. 
 
536 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 THA DUN, MAUNG, Ahmudan gaung Tazeik-ya Min. 
 
 The Maung received this title on ist Januarj' 1S89, as a [lersonal distinc- 
 tion. It means " Recipient of the Good Service Medal," and is indicated 
 by the letters A.T.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence, Merjj'ui, liurmx 
 
 THADOWE, MAUNG, Ahmudan gaung Tazeik-ya Min. 
 
 The title was conferred on 6lh June 1885, as a personal distinction. It 
 means "Recipient of the Good Service Medal," and is indicated by the 
 letters A.T.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Akyab, Burma. 
 
 THAKUR DAS, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title was conferred on 24th May 1881, as a personal distinction. 
 Residence. — Find Dddan Khdn, Punjab. 
 
 THAKUR PARSHAD NARAYAN DEVA (of Haldi), Hdjd. 
 
 Horn 1853. Is Ciiicf of the Hyobans clan of Rajputs of the Lunar race ; 
 claiming descent from the ancient Hyobans dynasty of Ratanpur in the 
 Central Provinces. The Ratanpur dynasty ruled there for fifty-two genera- 
 tions ; and one of their princes, Chandra Got, in 850 .v.d. migrated north- 
 ward and settled at Manjha on the Ghogra, in the modern district of Saran. 
 Two hundred years later his descendants settled south of the Ganges at 
 Bihia. In or about the year 1528 a.d. the Raja Bhopat Deo committed an 
 inexpiable crime by violating a Brahman woman named Maheni, who im- 
 precated the most fearful curses on the Hyobans race ; and in consequence 
 of this tragedy they left Bihia, and after sojourning for a time at Gai Ghdt, 
 settled ultimately at Haldi. After the rebellion of Rdjd Chct Singh of 
 Benares in 1781, Rdjd Bhuabul Singh of Haldi was confirmed in the 
 possession of his estates. He died in 1803 ; and was succeeded by his son, 
 Rdjd Ishri Parshad, who died in 1 806. Then follows Rdjd Dalganjam Singh, 
 who was succeeded by Rdjd Harak Ndth Deo in 1825. The late Rdjd Sarah 
 Nardyan Deo of Haldi rendered excellent service during the Mutiny of 1857, 
 throwing all the weight of his considerable local influence into the scale of 
 the Government ; and for this he was rewarded with a grant of some of the 
 confiscated land of the rebel Kunwdr Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Haldi, Ballia, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 THAKUR SINGH, Kunwdr. 
 
 The Kunwdr has received this title in recognition of his position as a son 
 of the late Mahdrdjd Sher Singh. 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjdb. 
 
 THAKURDAS KIKABHAI DALAL, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Born Slh February 1855. Belongs to a Vaishnava family of the 
 
 Dinilubania caste. Educated at the Elphinstone College, and the Grant 
 
 Medical College of the Bomiiay University. Appointed to the Bombay 
 
 Medical Department in June 1S79. Served in important posts in Wadhwdn, 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 537 
 
 Kathidwar, where a public address and a Dress of Honour were presented to 
 him, with the previous sanction of Government, by the people and Chiefs of 
 Kathidwar on 2nd December 1890. Created a Rao Bahadur, as a personal 
 distinction, in recognition of his eminent services, ist January 1890. 
 Married, 30th January 1877, to Bhuligavri, daughter of Bhagwdndds 
 Harakisandas, Esq., of Surat. Has two sons — Dhirajldl, born 21st November 
 1884; and Manilal, born 17th August 1890. 
 Residence. — Wadhwdn, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 THAMAINGKAN, MAUNG PO, Ngwegunhmu of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Ngwegunhmu is Chief of one of the Shan States, Burma. His State 
 has an area of about 400 square miles ; its population consists mainly of 
 Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Thamaingkan, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 THAN LAKHTAR, THAKUR KARANSINGHJI VAJERAJJI, 
 
 Thdhir of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born loth January 1S46; succeeded to \}l\q gadi (as an infant) on the 
 1 5th June of the same year. Belongs to the family of the Chief of the 
 Jhdla Rajputs (being descended from one of the ancestors of the Raj Saheb 
 of Dhrdngadra, q.v.) The State consists of two isolated tracts, one 
 containing the village of Than, the site of one of the greatest and most 
 ancient cities of India, and the other containing the town of Lakhtar, the 
 capital. The area of the State is 247 square miles; its population is 
 23,208, chiefly Hindus. The Thakur maintains a military force of 210 
 cavalry, 175 infantry, and 5 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Lakhtar, Kdthidw^r, Bombay. 
 
 THANDI RAM, Rai Bahadur. 
 The title was conferred on 20th !May 1890, as a personal distinction. 
 Residence. — Lahore, Punjab. 
 
 THARAD and MORWARA, WAGHELA KHENGARSINGHJI, 
 
 Thakur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1836; succeeded to the gadi in i860. Belongs to a Rdjput 
 (Hindu) family, claiming descent from the ancient Waghela Rdjput Kings of 
 Anhilwara Patan. They obtained possession of Morwara about 1508 a.d. 
 Waghela Kanhji first acquired Tharad in 1759 a.d. He was succeeded by 
 the Thakur Harabhumji, and the latter was succeeded by the Thakur Karan 
 Singhji, who was succeeded by his grandson the present Thakur. The 
 Thakur has a son and heir, named Abhaisinghji. The area of the State is 
 940 square miles; its population is 65,494, chiefly Hindus. The Thakur 
 maintains a military force of 50 cavalry, 30 infantry, and i gun. 
 
 Residence. — Thdrad, Pdlanpur, Bombay. 
 
538 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 THARO KHAN walad TAJ MUHAMMAD (of Mirpur), Mir. 
 
 Born 9th March 1836. Belongs to the Manikani family of Sind Mirs ; 
 descended from Mdnik Khan, who, on the conquest of Baluchistan by Nadir 
 Shah, came to Sind. The title was originally conferred by Nur Muhammad, 
 the head of the Kalhora Government in Sind, and was confirmed by the 
 British Government. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 THARO KHAN, SERAI, Khdn Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on 31st March 1886, as a personal distinction. 
 Residence. — Larkhdna, Sind. 
 
 THATON, KUN O, Myoza of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Myoza is Chief of one of the Shan States, Burma. His State has 
 an area of about 600 square miles. Its population consists mainly of Shans. 
 Residence. — Thaton, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 THAUNGTHUT, SAW KAN MUN, K.S.M., Sawbwaof. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Sawbwa is Chief of one of the Shan States, Burma. He has 
 received from the British Government the title Kyet Thaye zaung s/twe Sa/we 
 ya Min (meaning "Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour''), indicated by 
 the letters K.S.M. after the name. The area of his State is about 450 
 square miles ; its population consists chiefly of Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Thaungthut, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 THEINNI (North), KUN SAN TUN HON, Saicbwa of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Sawbwa is Chief of one of the Shan States, Burma. The area of 
 his State is about 6200 square miles ; its population consists chiefly of Shans. 
 Residence. — North Theinni, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 THEINNI (South), SAW NAW MAINQ, Sim'Hca of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 The Sawbwa is Chief of one of the Shan States, Burma. The area of his 
 State is about 2100 square miles; its population consists chiefly of Shans. 
 Residence. — South Theinni, Shan States, Burma. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 539 
 
 THIBAW, KUN SAING, Sawbtva of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Sawbwa is Chief of one of the Shan States, Burma. The area of his 
 State is about 5950 square miles; its population consists chiefly of Shans. 
 It has three feudatory States dependent on it — Mainglon, Maington, and 
 Thonze. 
 
 Residence. — Thibaw, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 THIOG, Chief of. 
 
 Is a feudatory of the Raja of Keonthal {q.v.), and rules over one of the 
 Simla Hill States. 
 
 Residence. — Thiog, Simla Hills, Punjab. 
 
 TIGARIA, RAJA BANAMALI KHETRIA BIRBAR CHAMPATI 
 SINGH MAHAPATRA, Jidjd of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1857; succeeded to the gadi 8th April 1S86. Belongs to a 
 Kshatriya (Rajput Hindu) family ; descended through twenty-five generations 
 from Sur Tung Singh Mandhata, a Rajput pilgrim to Puri from Northern 
 India. He, about 400 years ago, seized the country, and drove out or con- 
 quered the aboriginal inhabitants. The twenty-second in descent from him 
 was the Raja Gopinath Singh, who adopted the family style or title of 
 Champati Singh Mahipatra. His great-grandson, the late Raja Harihar 
 Khetria, added also the style of Birbar ; he succeeded to the gad/ in 1844, 
 and dying in 1886, was succeeded by his son, the present Raja. The family 
 cognisance is the sastra fancha (an Indian weapon). The State, which is 
 one of the Orissa Tributary Mahals, has an area of 46 square miles, and a 
 population of 19,850, chiefly Hindus. The Raja maintains a military force 
 of 485 militia. The State derives its name from three ancient forts (Trigarii). 
 
 Residence. — Tigaria, Orissa, Bengal. 
 
 TIKAMGARH, Mahdrdjd Bahddur of See Orchha. 
 
 TIKARAM, SETH, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred on 24th May 1889, as a personal distinction. 
 Residence.- — Narsinghpur, Central Provinces. 
 
 TILAE GHAND LALA, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred on i5th February 1887, as a personal distinction, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 Residence. — KamSl, Punjab. 
 
S40 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 TIT.AK SINGH (of Sikri), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Sarddr being the head of a Jat family of Sikh 
 Sardars descended from Sardar Bhag Singh, who conquered Sikri and some 
 neighbouring territory in 1789 a.d. The family came under British pro- 
 tection with the other Cis-Sutlej Chiefs. Bhag Singh's son, Sardar Mahtab 
 Singh, had a son named Sardar Lahna Singh. The latter was succeeded by 
 his son, the late Sardar Joala Singh, who in turn was succeeded by the 
 present Sarddr. 
 
 Residence. — Sikri, Kamdl, Punjab. 
 
 TILAK SINGH (of Mustafabad), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sarddr belongs to a Jat family of Sikh 
 Sardars, descended from Sarddr Mahtdb Singh, who took possession of 
 Mustafabad and neighbouring territory in 1759 a.d., on the decline of the 
 Mughal Power. He also seized some villages in the Jdlandhar Dodb. The 
 latter were taken from the family by the Maharaja Ranjit Singh ; but the 
 Cis-Sutlej jdgir came under British protection. Sardar Mahtdb Singh was 
 succeeded by his son, Sarddr Ratan Singh. The latter had two sons — 
 Sarddrs Gursaran Singh {q.v.) and Dewa Singh. Sarddr Dewa Singh was the 
 father of the present Sarddr. 
 
 Resideiuc. — Mustafabad, Ambdla, Punjab. 
 
 The .';itHlai of the Chauh.1n 
 _Ri(jput!(, cillcd Ckakra, iisctl 
 in the sc.il and for signature. 
 
 (.\ circle with four TrtsvUs or 
 Tritlcnlt ns radii at the car. 
 dinal points.) 
 
 TIMBA, THAKUR NATHUSINGHJI, 
 Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born Sth February 1S57; succeeded to the 
 gadi as a minor 12th March 1859. Belongs to 
 a Chauhdn Rdjput family, descended from Thdkur 
 Bhimaji, who obtained possession of Timba in 
 1524 A.D. The State, which makes an annual 
 payment to Idar, has a population of 1205, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Timba, Mdlii Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 541 
 
 TIPPERAH, HILL, HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA BIR 
 
 CHANDRA MANIKYA DEB BARMAN, Mahdnijd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1837 ; succeeded to the giJ<fi 31st July 1S62. Belongs to a Rajput 
 family that claims descent in 179 generations from Chandra (the Moon), and 
 that has ruled in Tipperah, or Tripura, from prehistoric times. Eighty-eighth 
 in descent from Chandra was the Raja Birraj, who introduced the Tipperah 
 era, used in the Rdjmdla or Chronicles of the Kings of Tipperah. The 
 first part of this Chronicle was compiled in the reign of the Raja Dharma 
 Manikya, who seems to have succeeded to the gadi in 1407 a.d., and is 
 entered as the 148th in descent from Chandra. The Rdjmdld is believed to 
 be the earliest specimen of Bengali composition extant. The area ruled 
 over by this family has at times been very extensive ; in the 1 6th century 
 it extended from the river Hughh (or Hooghly) on the west, to Burma on 
 the east, and to Kamrup on the north. In 15 12 the Raja conquered 
 Chittagong, and his successors, though often engaged in hostilities with the 
 Mughal forces, maintained their independence. In 1620, under the Emperor 
 Jahangir, the Nawab Fateh Jang invaded Tipperah, captured the Raja, Jaso 
 Manikya, and carried him a prisoner to Delhi. Shortly afterwards the 
 Mughal troops were compelled by an epidemic to evacuate the country, in 
 the time of Raja Kalyan Manikya, who succeeded Jaso ; and though 
 ultimately the Muhammadans established themselves in the lowlands of the 
 Raj — now the British district of Tipperah in Bengal — the hilly country 
 appears to have been left to the control of the Rajas. The British Govern- 
 ment, after obtaining the diwdni of Bengal in 1765, always invested the 
 successive Rajas on payment of the usual nazar or fine on succession. In 
 1857 the mutineers of the Chittagong garrison captured Agartala, the capital 
 of this State ; but the Raja, Ishan Chandra Manikya, rendered to the Govern- 
 ment all the assistance in his power. He was succeeded in 1862 by his 
 brother, the present Raja, who had held the title of Jubaraj (or Yuvaraj) 
 during the late Raja's lifetime. The family cognisance is the device of a 
 figure half man, half fish, said to be derived from the figure of a fish very 
 widely borne on their flags by ancient Rajput Chiefs {see Darbhanga). 
 The area of the State is 4086 square miles; its population is 95,637, chiefly 
 Hindus, but including 26,951 Muhammadans. The family law of succession 
 is peculiar to this State ; under it the Raja has the power of nominating any 
 male member of his family as his successor, with the title of Jubdrdj, and 
 also a successor to the Jubaraj, with the title of Bara Thdkur. But this 
 right of the Rdja's is subject to the condition that he may not pass over, for 
 the post of Jubaraj, the kinsman (if any) who had been appointed by his 
 predecessor to the post of Bara Thakur ; so that practically it comes to this, 
 that the Raja cannot appoint his own successor, but can appoint the Bara 
 Thakur who will ultimately succeed that successor. In addition to the 
 territory of Hill Tipperah, the Raja possesses a large estate in the British 
 district of Tipperah, with larger revenues than those of his feudatory State of 
 Hill Tipperah ; and in the frequent cases of a disputed succession, as the 
 devolution of this estate has always been decided by the British Courts, that 
 decision has also usually fixed the succession to the Raj. 
 
 Residence. — Agartol^, Hill Tipperah, Bengal. 
 
542 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 TIPU HUSAIN, MIB, Khdn. 
 
 The title is a personal one. It was originally conferred by the Nawdb of 
 the Carnatic, and has been recognised by the British Government. 
 Residence. — -Madras. 
 
 TIRLA, Bhumia of. See Nimkhera. 
 
 TONK, HIS HIGHNESS AMIN-UD-DAULA "WAZIR-UL-MULK 
 NAWAB SIR MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM ALI KHAN 
 BAHADUR SAULAT JANG, G.C.S.I., Nawdb of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1848 ; succeeded to the gadi 20th December 1867. Belongs to a 
 Pathan (Muhammadan) family of the Buner clan, descended from Amir 
 Khdn, the famous Pindiri leader of the last century. His grandfather, Tala 
 Khdn, came from the Buner country on the confines of Afghdnistdn, and 
 took service with the Rohillas in Rohilkhand, in the time of the Emperor 
 Muhammad Shah Ghdzi. Tdla Khan's son was Haiat Khdn, who became a 
 landowner in Moradabad, and was the father of Amir Khdn. The latter 
 rose to be in 1798 the commander of a large independent army in the 
 service of Jaswant Rao Holkar. In 1806 he received the State of Tonk 
 from Holkar. In the same year he transferred his military services to the 
 Rdjd of Jaipur, then at war with the Rdjd of Jodhpur ; and after crushing 
 Jodhpur, then changed sides and conquered Jaipur. In 1809, having 
 plundered both these Rdjput States, he turned his arms against the Mahratta 
 Rdjd of Ndgpur ; but was warned off by the British Government. In 181 7 
 the Martjuis of Hastings, then Governor-General, determined to put an end 
 to the Pinddri ravages, and to restore peace to Rdjputdna and Central India, 
 so he offered Amir Khdn the sovereignty of the tracts given him by Holkar, 
 under British ])rotection, on condition of his disbanding his army. This was 
 agreed to; many of Amir Khdn's troops enlisted in the British service, all 
 were liberally treated, and Amir Khdn himself became Nawdb of Tonk, to 
 which State the British Government spontaneously added the fort of Rdmpura 
 and the district of Aligarh-Rdmpura. He died in 1S34, and was succeeded 
 by his son, Wazir Muhammad Khdn, who died in 1864. The latter was 
 succeeded by the late Nawdb Muhammad Ali Khdn, who was deposed in 
 1867, and was succeeded by his son, the present Nawdb. The area of the 
 State is 2509 square miles; its population is 338,029, chiefly Hindus, but 
 including 38,561 Muhammadans and 5693 Jains. His Highness, who has 
 been created a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the 
 Star of India, maintains a military force of 510 cavalry, 2081 infantr)-, and 
 7 7 guns, and is entitled to a salute of i 7 guns. 
 
 Resilience. — Tonk, Rdjputdna. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 543 
 
 TONK, THAKUR NIRPAT SINGH, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1843; succeeded to the g-adi in 1869. Belongs to a Rajput 
 (Hindu) family. The State, which is a small Central India State, is not 
 connected with the large State of the same name in Rajputana. 
 
 Residence. — Tonk, Indore, Central India. 
 
 TORAB. See Turab. 
 
 TORI FATEHPUR, DI"WAN ARJUN SINGH, 
 Diwdn and Rao Bahadur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1870; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 7th February 1880. 
 Belongs to the great Bundela Rajput family, from which are descended the 
 ruling houses of Orchha, Panna, and all the chief Bundelkhand States. Rai 
 Singh, great-grandson of Hardul, one of the sons of the Maharaja Bir Singh 
 Deo of Orchha {q.v), held the territory of Baragaon, and divided it among 
 his eight sons, whence the States so founded are commonly known as the 
 Hashtbhaya (or " Eight brother ") jdgirs. Of these there are four now 
 existing — Dhurwai {q.v.\ Bijna {q.v-), Pahari {q.v.), and Tori Fatehpur. Rai 
 Singh's son, Hindupat, became the first Diwan of Tori Fatehpur. His great- 
 grandson was the Diwan Haraparshad, who received a sanad from the British 
 Government in 1823. His son, the Diwan Prithi Singh, succeeded to the 
 gadi in 1858. At the Imperial Assemblage of Delhi on ist January 1877, 
 on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her IMost Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India, the Diwan received the additional title of Rao Bahadur. 
 He died in 1880, and was succeeded by his son, the present Chief The 
 area of the State is 36 square miles ; its population is 10,631, chiefly Hindus. 
 The Chief maintains a military force of 15 cavalry, 150 infantry, and 12 
 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Tori Fatehpur, Bundelkhand, Central India. 
 
 TRAILAKSHA NATH SARKAR, Jiai Saheb. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893, for 
 eminent services in the Bengal Public \Vorks Department. 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
S44 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 TRAVANCORB, HIS HIGHNESS SIR BALA RAMA VARMA, 
 
 G.C.S.I., Mahiirdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1857; succeeded to the x'adi 4th August 1S85. Belongs to a 
 Kshatriya (Hindu) family, whose rule in southernmost India probably dates 
 
 from the abdication of the Malabar 
 Emperor Cheraman Perumal, about 
 352 A.D. This potentate, resolved 
 to betake himself to Benares and 
 retire from the world, divided his 
 dominions among the great vassals 
 of his crown, the chief of whom 
 received the southern portion, with 
 the capital named Tiruvankodu (cor- 
 rupted into " Travancore "), now a 
 small village in this .territory. A 
 long line of successors ruled in 
 Travancore with varied fortunes, till, 
 in 1684 A.D., the Maharaja Eruma 
 \'arma Perumal came to the throne, 
 and reigned till 1 7 1 7. His de- 
 scendants, Vanchi Mdrtanda Perumal (1729 to 1746), and Vanchi Bala 
 Perumal, his son, largely extended the Travancore dominions. Throughout 
 the wars with Tippu Sult.in of Mysore, the Rdj;i of Travancore was the 
 steadfast ally of the British Power. Tippu invaded Travancore in 1789, 
 and again in 1790, but without success; and in 1795 the Rdjd Bala 
 Rdma Varma entered into subsidiary alliance with the British Government, 
 receiving a guarantee of protection. His successor of the same name 
 in 1805 entered into still closer relations with the Paramount Power. 
 A rebellion occurred among the Nairs in 1809, but this was promptly 
 suppressed by the British troops, and ever since then the country has 
 enjoyed profound peace. The family follows the Jfurumal-hj/iivum law of 
 inheritance, general in the Malabar country, by which the succession is with 
 the offspring of its female members, amongst whom the next eldest male is 
 always the heir-apparent ; and a special sa»a(i from the Governor- General, 
 dated 1862, authorises the adoption of nieces to perpetuate the dynasty. 
 
 The full title of the Mahdrdjd is — " His Highness Sri Padmandbha 
 Dasa Vanji Sir Bala Rdma Varmd Kulashekhdra Kiritajjati Mani Sultdn 
 Mahdrdjd Rdj Rdma Rdjd Bahddur Shamsher Jang, Knight Grand Com- 
 mander of the .Most Exalted Order of the Star of India." The area of the 
 State is 6730 square miles; its population is 2,401,158, chiefly Hindus, but 
 including 146,909 Muhammadans and 498,542 Christians. The Mahdrdjd 
 maintains a military force of 61 cavalry, 1442 infiintry, and 6 guns, and is en- 
 titled to a salute of 19 guns. His Highness was createtl a Knight Grand Com- 
 mander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India in 1S89. The heir- 
 apparent, who always bears the courtesy title of "the Elaya Rdjd," is Prince 
 Kerala \'armd, born in 1 864. The family cognisance is a conch or chank-shell. 
 Arms. — Argent, on a fesse asure, three reversed conches or chank-shells or. 
 Great. — A se.i-horse proper. Supporters. — Elephants rampant, proper. 
 Motto. — Dharmo Smat KuliulexuUain. 
 
 Resilience. — The Palace, Trivandruni, Travancore, South India. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 545 
 
 TRIMABRAO VYANKATBSH, Rao Bahadur. 
 
 Born 1 6th August 1 8 1 9. Is descended from Subrao, who was Bakshi 
 under the last Nawab of Cuddapah. His son, the late Rao Venkatrao 
 Bahadur, married Koprama, the only daughter and heiress of Narsinghrao, 
 who was Diu'dii of the Nawab of Karnal about the year 1S18 a.d. His son 
 was the present Rao Bahadur, Trimalrao Vyankatesh, who received the title 
 as a personal distinction on ist January 1877, on the occasion of the Pro- 
 clamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India. 
 
 Residence. — Dhdrwar, Bombay. 
 
 TRIMBAK GOPAL JAVAKHAR, Bao Saheb. . 
 
 The title was conferred on i6th February 1887, as a personal distinction, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty. 
 
 Residence. — Nisik, Bombay. 
 
 TSANEYO CHAUDHRI, Bohmong. 
 
 Born 1821 ; succeeded as Bohmong in the year 1875. The Bohmong 
 is the Chief of the Regretha clan of Maghs or Arakanese, in the Chittagong 
 Hill Tracts. Some time before 1774 a.d., a Burmese Prince named Tong 
 Bohmong, son of King Pakhong of Burma, came to Arakan with his sister, 
 who was married to Kha Mong, the ruling Chief of Arakan. Subsequently 
 he settled, in the year 1774 a.d., in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, and was 
 chosen Chief of the southern part of that territory. Seventh in descent from 
 Tong Bohmong is the present Bohmong. He has four sons — (i) Maung 
 Sanego, (2) Kong La Phru, (3) Tong La Phru, (4) Keo Jo Phru. 
 
 Residence. — Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bengal. 
 
 TU, MAUNG, Kyet Thaye zaung shwe Salwe ya Min. 
 
 The title was conferred on 6th June 1885, as a personal distinction. It 
 meams " Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour," and is indicated by the 
 letters K.S.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Maulmain, Burma. 
 
 TUN, MAUNG, Kyet Thaye zaung shwe Salwe ya Min. 
 
 The title was conferred on ist June 1888. It means "Recipient of the 
 Gold Chain of Honour," and is indicated by the letters K.S.M. after the 
 name. 
 
 AV«VjV«cr.— Shwebo, Burma. 
 
 2 N 
 
546 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 TUN HLA, MAUNG, Thuye-gaung Ngweda ya Mitt. 
 
 The title was conferred on ist January 1889. It means "Recipient 
 of the Silver Sword for Bravery," and is indicated by the letters T.D.M. 
 after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Mying>-an, Burma. 
 
 TUN THA, MAUNG, Thuye-gaung Ngweda ya Min. 
 
 The title was conferred on ist June 1888. It means " Recipient of the 
 Silver Sword for Bravery," and is indicated by the letters T.D.M. after the 
 name 
 
 Residence. — Yaw, Burma. 
 
 TURAB ALI KHAN walad ALI AKBAR KHAN, Mir. 
 
 Bom nth March 1837. Belongs to the Suhrabani branch of the Talpur 
 
 family of Sind. The title is hereditary, having been originally derived from 
 Nur Muhammad, the head of the Kalhora Government in Sind, and 
 subsequently confirmed by the British Government. Mir Suhrab Khan was 
 the grandson of Mir Shahdad, who first came and settled in Sind during 
 the dynasty of Nur Muhammad Kalhora. The Mir Turab Ali Khan is a 
 grandson of the Amir who was ruling at the time of the annexation. He is a 
 jiolitical pensioner. He has two sons — Muhson Ali Shdh and Anidad Ali 
 Shdh. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 UCHAD, THAKUR JITAMIYAN, TItdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1847. Belongs to a Daima (Muhammadan) family. The State, 
 which is tributary to Baroda, has an area of 4 square miles. Its population 
 is chiefly Koli (aboriginal). 
 
 Residence. — Uchad, Rewd Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 UDAI KRISHNA (DEB), Kumdr. 
 
 The title was conferred on iSth July i86i, in recognition of his position 
 as the second son of the late Rdjd Kali Krishna Deb Bahadur, and a member 
 of the Sobha Bazdr Rdj family of Calcutta. The late Rdjd Kali Krishna Deb 
 Bahadur was the son of the Rdjd Rdjkrishna Deb Bahddur, and grandson of the 
 Mahdrdjd Nava Krishna Deb Bahddur {see Mahdrdjd Sir Narendra Krishna 
 Deb liuhddur, K.C.I. K.) His eldest son was the late Rdjd Harendra Krishna 
 Del) Bahddur, who died in 1886; his second son was the Kumdr Udai 
 Krishna Deb. 
 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 547 
 
 UDAI NARAYAN MAL (of Majhauli), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1834. Is the Chief of the great Bisen clan of Rajputs in the 
 Gorakhpur district, North-Western Provinces, claiming descent from the famous 
 ascetic Mayur Bhat. By one of his wives, a Surajbansi Rajputni named 
 Surajprabha, he had a son, Biswa or Bisu Sen, who was the great ancestor of 
 the Bisen clan. After him there were seventy-nine generations of Rajas, all 
 of whom had the style of Sen. The eightieth Raja, Hardeo Sen, obtained 
 on account of his bravery the title of Mai from one of the Delhi Emperors. 
 Then followed twenty-three generations, to Bodh Mai, who succeeded in 
 1564 A.D., and is said to have been arrested for default of revenue by order 
 of the Emperor Akbar. During his imprisonment at Delhi he was converted 
 to Muhammadanism, taking the name of Muhammad Salim. On his return 
 the Rani refused to allow him to enter the fort of Majhauli ; so he crossed 
 the Little Gandak, and founded the town of Salimpur, while the Rani managed 
 the Raj during the minority of her son, Bhawani Mai. The descendants of 
 the latter continued to rule down to Raja Ajit Mai, who was Chief from 
 1753 to 1806; during his time the British took over the district. Raja 
 Tej Mai was ruler from 18 15 to 1843, when he was succeeded by his son. 
 the present Raja, then a minor. The Raja Udai Narayan Mai has a son and 
 heir, Lai Kharag Bahadur Mai, born 30th August 1853. 
 
 Residence. — Majhauli, Gorakhpur, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 UDAI NARAYAN SINGH (of Babhnipair), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1854; succeeded his mother, the R;ini Sarfaraz Kumar, in 1873. 
 The title is hereditary, the Raja being the head of the only legitimate family 
 of descendants from the old Kalhans Rajas of Khurasa, whose Raj extended 
 from Hisampur in Bahraich far into the Gorakhpur district. Their ancestor, 
 Sahaj Sah, who traced his descent from the great King Jurasindhu of Behar, 
 is said to have come from Rajputana in the 14th century, and to have 
 taken service with his friend, Malik Ain-ud-din, who ruled the south of 
 Oudh from Karra Manikpur. That officer found him and his band of 
 Rajput soldiers useful in suppressing the internal disorders of the province, 
 and assigned him in jdgir the Trans-Gogra district, afterwards known as 
 Khurasa, where he settled after expelling the Doras. Tradition says that the 
 Dom Raja, struck by the beauty of one of the daughters of the Chhattri, 
 demanded her in marriage. The Kalhans Raja dissembled his rage at the 
 indignity offered him, and pretended to comply, but when the Dom came 
 with his followers to claim his bride, plied them with strong drink till they 
 were insensible and then murdered them. 
 
 In the 1 6th century, seventh in succession from Sahaj Sah was 
 Achal Narayan Singh — the last of the dynasty, whose fall is related in a 
 well-known legend. He carried off to his fort of Lurhiaghat near Khurasa 
 the daughter of Ratan Pande, a small Brahman Zamindar. The outraged 
 father sat dharna for twenty-one days under a tamarind tree at the door of 
 the ravisher, refusing meat and drink, till death put an end to his sufferings. 
 Before his spirit fled he pronounced a curse of utter extinction on the family 
 of his oppressor, modifying it only in favour of the offspring of the younger 
 Rani, who alone had endeavoured to make him break his fast, and to whom 
 
548 THE GOLDEN BOOK OK INDIA 
 
 he promised that her descendants (the present Rajas of Babhnipair) should 
 succeed to a small R.ij, but that as his eyes had fallen out from hunger, so 
 should they also be blind. The curse has only been partially fulfilled, as 
 though there have been one or two blind Rajas of Babhnipair, the majority 
 of them have been unaffected in their eyesight. The avenging ghost 
 of the Brahman obtained the aid of the river Sarju. A lofty wave 
 rushed up from that river, overthrew the Raji's fortess of Lurhiaghat, and 
 left not a member of his household alive. The Rani had fled, on the 
 Brahman's advice, to her father's home in Rasulpur Ghaus, where the 
 posthumous son of Achal Narayan Singh, Bhing Singh, the ancestor of the 
 present Raja, was shortly born. He possessed himself, when he grew up, of 
 a small principality, including Babhnipair and Burhapara in Gonda, and 
 Rasulpur Ghaus in Basti. He was, however, stripped of the Burhapara 
 Pargand by Aiawal Khan, the aggressive leader of the Pathans of Atraula, 
 who after a long struggle finally e.xpelled the Kalhans. For five generations 
 the direct lineal descendants of the last Raja of Khurasa held the combined 
 Parganas of Babhnipair and Rasulpur Ghaus. 
 
 Sixth in descent from Bhing Singh was Madhukar Singh, whose sons. 
 Raj Singh and Himmat Singh, divided the inheritance, the former taking 
 Rasulpur Ghaus with the title of Raja, the latter, as Babu, Babhnipair. 
 The grandson of Raj Singh, Kesri Singh, was killed in battle by the Raja of 
 Bansi, who forcibly possessed himself of the Pargand of Rasulpur Ghaus. 
 The murdered man left an infant son, Shiija Singh, who was adopted by 
 his cousin, the childless Bdbu Rani Singh of Babhnipair, and transferred the 
 title of Raja to the holder of that estate. His son, Abdhiit Singh, held the 
 Raj till 182 1, and was succeeded by the blind Rdjd Jai Singh, who died 
 only a few years before the annexation. On the reoccupation of Oudh the 
 estate was settled with Rdni Sarfardz Kumar, widow of Indrajit Singh, who 
 had an infant son, the present Raja. In 1867 the estates were taken under 
 management of the Court of Wards. Rdjd Udhai Nardyan Singh was 
 educated at Canning College, and received possession of the estates in 1873. 
 He has issue, two daughters. 
 
 Residence. — Babhnipair, Gonda, Oudh. 
 
 UDAI PARTAB SINGH (of Bhinga), Rcijd. 
 
 Born 3rd September 1S50 ; succeeded to the Bhinga Raj on the death 
 of his father, Rdjd Kishn Datt Singh, 24th April 1884. Belongs to the 
 Bisen clan of Rajputs ; the fiimily is a younger branch of the Bisens of Gonda, 
 being descended from Bhawdni Singh, second son of Rdjd Rdm Singh. The 
 Rdjd is now, however, the chief representative of the House, as the title of 
 Rdjd of Gonda is extinct. The possessions of the elder branch were con- 
 fiscated after the Mutiny for rebellion. The first recorded ancestor of the 
 family is Partdb Singh (or Mai), Zaminddr of Gohdni in Pargand Digsai, 
 Gonda district, who was Chaudhri of Pargand Khurdsa under the Kalhans 
 Rdjd at the close of the 15th century. On the tragic death of Rdjd 
 Achal Nardyan Singh of Khurdsa, Partdi) Singh became the leading repre- 
 sentative of the Hindu community during the anarchy that ensued. Third 
 in descent from Partdb Singh was Mdn Singh, who first assumed the style of 
 Rdjd and founded the present town of Gonda in what was then a dense 
 jungle. Two legends are connected with these events. It is related that in 
 1618 the Emperor Jahdngir heard through Mirza Ali Beg, the Jdgirddr of 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 549 
 
 Khurasa, that Man Singh of Gohani had caught a remarkably fine elephant 
 in the Tarai jungles, and ordered that both the Zaminddr and his beast should 
 be invited in this Darbar. The elephant was added to the Imperial stable 
 and the Zaminddr recompensed with the title of Raja. The Raja was hunting 
 near where Gonda now is when a hare turned round and put his hounds to 
 flight " If the air of this place," he exclaimed, " will make hares braver than 
 dogs, what will it do for men ? " He immediately left the Gohani and laid the 
 foundation of a new capital, which he called Gonda, after a cowshed which 
 he found on the spot. 
 
 The most brilliant period in the annals of the family commenced with 
 the accession of Raja Ram Singh, at the beginning of the latter half of the 
 1 7th century, who considerably extended the family estates. The following 
 story is related of the birth of his sons: "His old age was unblessed with 
 offspring, and he had recourse to the services of Ganga Gir Goshain, the 
 most noted of his time among holy men of Ajudhya. The saint had two 
 disciples, Datt and Bhawani, whom he despatched to Benares with directions 
 that they were to insert their heads into a grating which overlooked the 
 Ganges, and as the guillotine-like door descended from above to decapitate 
 them, to pray to the river who received their lives that in e.xchange for each 
 a son might be given to the Gonda chieftain. The sacrifice was efficacious 
 and two sons were born, who were named after the authors of their lives, 
 Datt and Bhawani. At the same time the Goshain gave the Raja his tooth- 
 pick and directed him to plant it in Gonda, with the prophecy that as long as it 
 remained green the family of the Bisens should prosper. It grew into a chilbil 
 bush, throwing out two main branches. In the Mutiny, when his rebellion 
 cost Raja Debi Bakhsh Singh his estates, the principal bough was broken off 
 by a hurricane. The second bough yet remains, and with it are bound up 
 the fortunes of the descendants of Bhawani Singh, the Rajas of Bhinga." 
 
 Raja Ram Singh was succeeded by his son Raja Datt Singh, whose 
 exploits and conquests are famous. The most celebrated of his wars was 
 with Alawal Khan, who had been appointed by the new Subahdar, Nawab 
 Saadat Khan, his lieutenant for the Trans-Gogra Provinces, and who was 
 killed at the battle of Sarbangpur. Raja Datt Singh finally came to terms 
 with the Oudh Government, and his territories were created into a separate 
 jurisdiction, independent of the Nazims of Bahraich and Gorakhpur, within 
 which he exercised the full powers of government. He provided for his 
 younger brother, Bhawani Singh, by sending him to Bhinga, nominally in 
 order to defend it from its foreign enemies and to repress the Banjaras. His 
 strong hand soon restored order. The Janwar chieftain of Bhinga died 
 without issue. The claims of his kindred were disregarded, and Bhinga 
 became thenceforward a Bisen dependency under the rule of Bhawani 
 Singh and his descendants. Bhawani Singh brought under his sway all that 
 portion of the Pargana which lies between the Rapti and the forest, as well as 
 a considerable portion of the Tarai which lies to the north of the bank of the 
 river. Up to 1S16 the estate was included in the jdgir of the Bahu 
 Begam. The present Raja is the sixth in descent from Bhawani Singh. 
 Raja Udai Partab Singh was educated in the Wards Institution at Lucknow. 
 He is the author of a pamphlet entitled Democracy not suited to India, and 
 is a Fellow of the Allahabad University. He has a son and heir, named 
 Kunwar Sarendra Bikrama Singh, born i8th December 1878. 
 
 Residence. — Bhinga, Bahraich, Oudh. 
 
55° 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK. OF INDIA 
 
 UDAIPUR (or Mewar), HIS HIGHNESS MAHARANA DHIRAJ 
 
 SIR FATEH SINGH BAHADUR, G.C.S.I., Mahdrdnd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1848; succeeded to the ,?«<// 21st December 18S4. Is the Chief 
 of the Sesodia clan of Rajputs ; and is called " the Sun of the Hindus," as 
 
 being the head of the elder branch of 
 the Suryahaiisi or Solar race, and the 
 legitimate heir of the semi-divine Rama, 
 the first in blood of all Hindu Princes. 
 The Maharana is universally acknow- 
 ledged as the Chief of the " Thirty-six 
 Royal Tribes "; and the House of Mewar 
 — which is the name of the country 
 of which Udaipur is the capital — is the 
 only dynasty in India that still rules 
 over the same territory as that which its 
 ancestors ruled over for centuries before 
 the Muhammadan invaders from Ghazni 
 first crossed the Indus. 
 
 The title, however, of Rana or 
 Mahdrdnd — which is proudly borne by 
 every considerable Sesodia Prince in Central and Western India, in token of 
 kinship with the illustrious Mahdrdnd of Udaipur — is comparatively modern, 
 having been adopted in the 1 2th century in lieu of the more ancient " Rdwal," 
 on the occasion of the conquest of the Pudr Rand of Mandor by the Sesodia 
 Rdwal of Chitor. Every member of the Sesodia clan claims kinship with 
 his Chief ; and even if he is only the holder of a chiirsa or " hide " of land, 
 he addresses the Mahdrdnd as Bdpji — father or sire. 
 
 The chief modern authority for the histor)- and antiquities of Mewar, as 
 of the other great Rajput States, is the Annals of Rdjdsthdn, by the learned 
 Colonel Tod, dedicated to King George the Fourth in 1829, and embodying 
 the researches of many years spent as a Political Agent in Rdjputana, in the 
 most friendly personal intercourse with the Rdjput Chiefs of that day. Of 
 this great work the most important part is the Annals of Mfwor, compiled 
 from the records of Udaipur, from the historj^ written by the Rdjd Jai Singh 
 of Jaipur, and from a large number of ancient chronicles, including the 
 Memoirs of the Emperors Bdbar and Jahdngir, the Ain-i Akbari of Abul 
 Fazl, and others. Tod says of this State : — 
 
 " Mewdr exhibits a marked difference from all the other States in her policj- 
 and institutions ; she was .-in old-established dj-nasty when these renovated scions 
 were in embryo. We can trace the losses of Mcwdr, but with difficulty Iier 
 acquisitions. . . . The honours, and privileges, and the gradations of rank 
 amongst the vassals of the Rdnd's House exhibit a highly artificial and refined 
 Slate of society. Each of the superior rank is entitled to a banner, kettle-drums 
 preceded by heralds, and silver maces, wiih peculiar gifts and personal honours, 
 in commemoration of some exploit of their ancestors. . . . Only those of pure 
 blood in both lines cin hold fiefs of the Crown ; the highest may marry the 
 daughter of a R.ijput whose sole possession is ' a skin of land,' the sovereign 
 himself is not degraded by such an alliance." 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 551 
 
 The knight's fee in Mewar is stated to be land of about the yearly rental- 
 value of 250 rupees. The Thakurs of the first class in Mewar are those 
 whose estates represent a yearly value of 50,000 rupees and upwards ; these 
 appear at the Court of the Maharana only on special invitation, and are his 
 hereditary councillors. Those of the second class, with estates of a yearly 
 value of 5000 rupees and upwards, were formerly required to be always in 
 attendance on the Maharana ; and from their number were appointed the 
 Faujdars and military officers. Below these Chiefs are the great body of 
 smaller Thakurs, called the Gol, holders of smaller estates. And in addition 
 to all are the Bdhds, or " Children of Mewar " — the numerous younger 
 branches of the Maharana's own family, who within a certain period are 
 entitled to an appanage. To this class belong the Rajas of Bunera and 
 Shahpura, great and powerful Chiefs ; the ancestor of the former was a twin- 
 brother of the Rana Jai Singh in the time of the Emperor Aurangzeb, whilst 
 the latter is descended from a scion of the family of the Rana Udai Singh in 
 the time of Akbar. These greater feudatory Chiefs have their grants renewed 
 by the Maharana at each succession, and receive from His Highness the 
 khilat of investiture ; but otherwise their feudal burdens are almost nominal. 
 The greatest of the Mewar feudatories is the Rdwat of Salumbar, the head of 
 the great Chondawat sept ; descended from the Prince Chonda, elder son of 
 the Rana Lakha Ram. The legend runs that Chonda, annoyed by some 
 light words of his father, voluntarily surrendered his right to the gadi of Chitor 
 in favour of his younger brother Mokalji, who became Rana in 1398 a.d. 
 Chonda stipulated that he and his ,k ,^_^ 
 
 descendants should always hold the >* ^Z i^^y^ 
 
 first place in the Councils of the r^ yy 
 
 State ; and that his symbol, the bhala 
 or lance, should always be attached 
 to the signature of the ruling Chief 
 in all grants to vassals. To the 
 present day the descendants of 
 Chonda, Rawats of Salumbar, are ^-'^■''^lZ^:^Z^:^'ii'S^^'^^:i,:'^'''''^''^'' 
 the hereditary Chief Councillors of yj j^e monogram of the word Saiiai, the sign- 
 the Maharanas of Udaipur ; and in Swayf foiiow'thi"^!?/"* °^ "''''''""'' "'"''' 
 
 all grants, the monogram Sahai, 
 
 which is the sign-manual of the Maharana, is preceded by the symbol 
 of the lance, the sign-manual of the Salumbar chieftain, as shown in the 
 margin. 
 
 The history of the family of the Maharana of Udaipur is a most 
 interesting one; only a very few landmarks in it can here be given. 
 The legendary empire of Ajudhya, of which Rama was the monarch, was 
 named Xoshala, and in the archives of the Maharand at Udaipur the first 
 royal immigrant from the north into Mewar is called Koshalaputm — the son 
 of Koshala. Rama's two sons were Loh and Cush ; of whom the elder, the 
 founder of Loh-Kot or Lahore, is claimed as the ancestor of the Rands. Fifty- 
 sixth in descent from the deified Rama was Sumitra, the contemporary of King 
 Vikramaditya, about the year 56 a.d. But the actual founder of the Mewar 
 dynasty is generally considered to be Kanak Sen, who appears to have migrated 
 from Loh-Kot or Lahore into Saurashtra (a province of Kathidwdr, Bombay) 
 about the year 145 a.d. His descendants long reigned in great splendour 
 at Ballabhipur; till at length, about the year 524 a.d., that city was 
 
 {(>) c 
 
552 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 sacked, and the Raja Siladitya and all his people exterminated. Only 
 the Queen, Puspavati, was saved, who happened to be absent on a pil- 
 grimage to the shrine of Bhavdni in her native land — she was a Princess of 
 the Pramara clan of Rajputs from Chandravati near Mount Abu. She gave 
 birth to a son in a cave in the mountains of Mallia ; and then, having con- 
 fided her infant to the care of Kamalavati, the daughter of a Brahman priest 
 of the temple, with the injunctions to bring up the child as a Brahman but to 
 marry him to a Rajputni, Queen Puspavati mounted the pyre of her dead 
 husband Siliditya. Thus was preserved the Solar race ; and Goha (the 
 " Cave-born ") subsequently founded the earliest dynasty of Idar {q.v.) By 
 the time he was eleven years old he had become quite unmanageable by his 
 kind Brahman protectors ; he associated with Rajput children, killed birds, 
 hunted with the wild Bhils of the forest — in the words of the legend, " How 
 could they hide the rays of the ' Sun ' ? " The eighth in descent from Goha 
 was Nagadit ; he was killed by the Bhils, and the Idar Raj destroyed, but 
 his infant son, Bappa, was saved by one of the descendants of the faithful 
 Kamalavati, was brought up under the protection of a Bhil family, and 
 became the conqueror of Chitor. An immense^ mass of legendary lore is 
 attached to the name of Bappa. The saint Harita, who conferred on him 
 the title of " the Diwan of the god Eklinga," dwelt on the spot that is now 
 the site of the great temple of Eklinga, the tutelary deity of ^Icwar ; and the 
 high-priest of that temple, in Colonel Tod's time, was sixty-sixth in lineal 
 descent from Haritx Bappa in some of his flights was accompanied by two 
 Bhils, Baleo of Oguna Panora, in the west of Mewar, and Dewa of Undri, in 
 the valley of Udaipur ; and when later he conquered the kingdom of Chitor 
 these Bhils made the tikd or mark of sovereignty on the forehead of the young 
 Prince, with blood drawn from the thumb of Baleo. Whence it comes that, 
 to the present day, in the installation ceremonies of a Mahdrana of Udaipur, 
 the Rdnd of Oguna Panora, a Bhumia Bhil descended from Baleo, makes the 
 iihl on the forehead of the Prince with blood from his thumb, and takes him 
 by the arm, and seats him on the gadi ; whilst the Undri Bhil, the lineal 
 descendant of Dewa, holds the salver of spices and sacred grains of rice used 
 in making the tikd. The date of the capture of Chitor and settlement of 
 Bappa Rdwal in Mewdr has been fixed at 720 a.d. 
 
 At the time of the Muhammadan invasion of Shahdb-ud-din Ghori, a brave 
 descendant of Bappa named Samarsi was the Rdwal of Chitor. He was married 
 to the sister of Prithvi Rdj, the last Hindu Emperor of Delhi ; and was the 
 chief ally of that monarch, whose campaigns are the theme of the poet Chand. 
 Shahdb-ud-din was at first defeated by the combined forces of the Chauhdns, 
 Tudrs, and Gchlots or Sesodias, according to the account of Chand ; but 
 returning in the following year, 11 92 a.p., he slew Samarsi and his son 
 Kalyan Rai, as well as Prithvi Rdj and all the flower of the Rajput chivalry. 
 The Queen I'ritha died on the pyre of Samarsi ; but another widow of 
 Samarsi, Kuramdevi, a Princess of the Salonki Rdjputs of Patan, administered 
 the government of Chitor during the minority of her son Karn.n, while an 
 elder son of Samarsi emigrated and founded the dynasty of Dungarpur. At 
 the head of her Rajputs, Kuramdevi gave battle to Kutb-ud-din near Amber, 
 when the latter was defeated and wounded ; and on this occasion nine Rajas 
 and eleven Rdw.itsof the sei)ts of Mewdr followed the mother of their Prince. 
 The Rawal Kama succeeded to the gadi in 11 93 a.d.; but he was not 
 destined to be the ancestor of the future Princes of Mewdr. His son Mahup 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA S53 
 
 abandoned Chitor, to live with his maternal relatives of the Chauhan clan ; 
 and Rahup, son of Kama's cousin (and grandson of Surajmal, brother of 
 Samarsi) succeeded at Chitor. 
 
 Goha, Bappa, and Samarsi were the great names of the early semi- 
 legendary times of the Mewar dynasty. With Rahup's accession in 1 193 a.d. 
 its history becomes clearer and more authentic. He conquered Mokal, the 
 Purihar Rana of Mandur ; and assumed his title of Rand or Maharana, which 
 has ever since distinguished the Sesodias. Ninth in descent from Rahup 
 was the Rana Lakumsi, who succeeded in 1275 a.d. ; his reign is famous for 
 the terrible sack of Chitor by Ala-ud-din, the Pathan Emperor of Delhi. 
 According to the Rajput chronicles, it was the beauty of the fair Padmani, 
 the Chauhan bride of Bhim Singh, uncle and guardian of the Rana, that was 
 the cause of this great catastrophe — when Padmani and all the women of 
 Chitor burnt themselves in one grand holocaust, while their husbands and 
 brothers put on the saffron robe and threw themselves on the Pathan hosts, 
 to be exterminated to a man. The Rana Ajai Singh was the sole survivor 
 among the royal princes of this massacre ; and he was succeeded by his 
 nephew, the great Rana Hamir, in 1301 a.d. Hamir recaptured Chitor, and 
 in a long reign of sixty-four years restored the fortunes of his family. During 
 the remainder of the Pathan period, ^lewar enjoyed great power and 
 prosperity ; and the Emperor of Delhi was defeated by one of its Ranas, 
 Khait Singh, at the battle of Bakrol. Khait Singh's son, Lakha Rana, had 
 many sons, of whom the heroic Chonda was the eldest, and iMokalji the 
 youngest. After a romantic series of incidents, already alluded to above, the 
 succession was handed over by Chonda to Mokalji ; and the Rawat of 
 Salumbar, the descendant of Chonda and the Chief of the Chondawat sept, 
 is the first noble of Udaipur to this day. After a long reign Mokalji was 
 assassinated, and was succeeded by his son, Khumbo Rana, in 141 9 a.d. ; 
 and the latter in 1440 a.d., at the head of 100,000 horse and foot and 1400 
 elephants, routed the combined forces of the Musalman Kings of Malwa and 
 Gujarat, and carried off Mahmud, the Khilji King of Malwa, a prisoner to 
 Chitor. The story of this victory is told by Abul Fazl, Akbar's great Minister, 
 in the Ain-i-Akbari ; and he dilates on the magnanimity of the Rajput Prince, 
 who set Mahmud at liberty, not only without ransom but with rich gifts. 
 The triumphal pillar which Khumbo set up at Chitor eleven years later still 
 records his glory. Khumbo built thirty-two strong fortresses in Mewar, of 
 which the most famous in history is the huge Kumbhomer. In 1469 he 
 was assassinated by his son Uda Singh ; and the parricide's name is properly 
 left a blank in the chronicles of Udaipur. His descendant, the Rana Raimal, 
 had three sons famous in the Rajput ballads, of whom the eldest, the Rana 
 Sanga, saw the climax of the greatness of Mewar. He is one of the " Pagan " 
 heroes of the Memoirs of Babar ; and was defeated by the Mughal invader at 
 the great battle of Kanua, on the result of which Babar assumed the title of 
 Ghdzi, which was held by all subsequent Mughal invaders. In this battle 
 many of the greatest princes of India were slain, fighting under Sanga as their 
 lord paramount — including the Rdwal Udai Singh of Dungarpur {q-v.), with 
 two hundred of his clan ; the Rawat of Salumbar, with three hundred 
 Chondawats ; Raimal, son of the Rahtor Raja of Jodhpur {q.v.) ; Ramdas, 
 the Rao of Sonigara ; the Khan of Mewat ; and the son of the last Lodi 
 Emperor of Delhi. Under the rule of Rana Vikramaditya, son of Sanga, 
 Chitor was once more stormed by the Musalman foe — this time Bahadur 
 
554 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 Shah, King of Gujarat ; but it was during the reign of the Rand Udai Singh, 
 1541-1572 A.D., that this famous old fortress was finally stormed by the great 
 Akbar himself Akbar is stated in t\\e Jd/iangir Ndmeh to have shot Jaimal, 
 the heroic uncle of the Rana, with his own matchlock ; which he afterwards 
 called Singhrdm (another form of Sanga) in honour of this exploit. The 
 Rana Udai Singh fled, and founded a new capital in a more remote district ; 
 he called it Udaipur from his own name, and from that time, 156S a.d., it 
 has been the capital of Mewar. 
 
 The wars with the forces of the Mughal Empire under the generals of 
 Akbar and Jahangir continued with varying fortunes during the reigns of Udai 
 Singh's successors, the Rands Partdb Singh and Umra Singh ; but in 161 3 
 A.D. the latter made his submission to the Emperor Jahangir, who treated 
 him magnanimously, and lavished honours on him and his son Karran. The 
 Emperor Shah Jahdn being a son of the famous Princess of Jaipur, there was 
 great friendship between the Mughals and the Rajputs during his reign. The 
 old animosity broke out anew when Aurangzeb imposed ihsjaziah, or capita- 
 tion tax on infidels, on all Hindus; but in i68i he relinquished this odious 
 claim. In i 7 1 3, during the reign of the Emperor Farukhsiyar, there was a 
 coalition of the three greatest Rajput States, Mewdr (or Udaipur), Marwdr 
 (or Jodhpur), and Amber (or Jaipur), against the Imperial power ; but this 
 was not of long duration. The House of Udaipur never consented to give a 
 daughter in marriage to the Mughals, and contemned the other Rajput princes 
 who had submitted to this infringemeut of caste rules. Hence the re- 
 admission of the Jaipur and Jodhpur families to the honour of matrimonial 
 alliances with the Udaipur family was the subject of negotiations, and the 
 condition of treaties ; and the stipulation on which this was conceded — that 
 the sons of Udaipur princesses succeed their fathers in preference to elder sons 
 by other mothers — was the fruitful cause of bitter family dissensions and 
 many wars. Erom the year 1736 this State, like most other Rajput States, 
 was incessantly engaged in resisting the Mahrattas or in submitting to their 
 exactions or ravages. Towards the end of the last centurj-, during the rule 
 of the Rdna Bhim Singh, occurred the disastrous war between the Rajas of 
 Jaipur and Jodh])ur, both of whom were aspirants for the hand of the Princess 
 Krishna Kunwar of Udaipur. The feud was temporarily appeased by the 
 cruel counsels of the Minister or Uiwan of the Rana, who persuaded the 
 latter to poison his daughter, so as to give peace to Rajdsthdn. But the 
 ravages of the Mahrattas and the Pinddris under Amir Khdn (sec Tonk) 
 from this time almost made a wilderness of the whole countr)' ; till, in 1817, 
 the British Government intervened, put an end to the predatory system in 
 Central and Western India, and undertook the protection and control of the 
 Rajput Chiefs. The Mahdrand Bhim Singii glatlly entered into this arrange- 
 ment ; and from that time the succession in Udaipur has been a peaceful 
 and happy one. The Mahdrdnd Sambhu Singh, who died in 1874, was 
 succeeded by his first cousin, Mahdrdnd Sujjan Singh, G.C.S.I. The latter 
 died in 1884, and was succeeded by the present Mahdrdnd ; who was created 
 a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India 
 on the ifth February 18S7, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of 
 Her Most Gracious .Majesty. 
 
 The chief feudatories of Mewdr are the States of Chani, Jawas, Jura, 
 Madri, Oghna, Panarwa, Para, Patia, Sarwan, and Thana. The area of the 
 Suite, including these feudatories, is 12,670 square miles; its population is 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 5S5 
 
 1,494,220, chiefly Hindus, but including 51,076 Bhils (an aboriginal tribe), 
 43,322 Muhammadans, , and 78,171 Jains. The Maharana maintains a 
 military force of 5560 cavalry, 19,344 infantry, and 464 guns. His Highness 
 is entitled to a salute of 19 guns. 
 
 Arms. — d/Zt-s, a sun in its splendour or. Crest. — A sheathed sword erect, 
 proper. Supporters. — A Bhil and Rdjput warrior attired for forlorn hope (in 
 saffron robes), proper. Motto. — /o Drirha Rakhe Dharina Kouri Tiliin Rakhc 
 Ka/ar. 
 
 Residence. — Udaipur, Rijputdna. 
 
5S6 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 UDAIPUR (CHOTA NAGPUR), RAJA DHARAMJIT SINGH 
 
 DEO, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 17th March 1857, succeeded to the i;adi 18th March 1876. 
 Belongs to a Kshatriya (Rajput Hindu) famil)-, descended from the Chiefs of 
 Sarguja {q.v.) The last surviving Raja of the family that formerly ruled in this 
 State having been guilty of murder and rebellion during the Mutiny of 1S57, 
 and having been transported to the Andaman Islands, the State was conferred 
 on the father of the present Raja, who was the Rdja Bindeswari Parshad 
 Singh Deo Bahadur, C.S.I. , brother of the Mahardja of Sarguja. He 
 distinguished himself greatly for his loyalty to Government, and was created 
 a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. He died in 
 1876, and was succeeded by his son, the present Raja. The latter has a 
 son and heir named Bishan Partab Singh Deo ; who bears the courtesy title 
 of Jubaraj or Yuvanij. The State, which is one of the Chota Nagpur Tribu- 
 tary Mahals, has an area of 1051 square miles; and a population of 33,955, 
 chiefly Hindus. The Raja has a military force of 3 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Udaipur, Chota Ndgpur, Bengal. 
 
 UDHAM SINGH (of Pirthipur), Mian. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Pirthipur, Kdngra, Punjab. 
 
 UDIT NARAYAN SINGH (of Tirwa), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1855 5 succeeded to the Rdj as a minor on the death of his kinsman, 
 the late Rdjd Jagat Singh, in 1 85 7. He is a Baghel Rajput, the son of Rdja 
 Bdji Singh. The remote progenitor of the family is said to have been one 
 Bazag Gir Deo, who came from Gujrat and settled in Rewah. In the time 
 of Rdjd Jai Chand, the Rdhtor Prince of Kanauj {cin. 1 1 90), one Bhaun 
 Partab came from Rewah and settled at Kolapur in Kanauj, and the family 
 spread in the neighbouring villages, till about the end of the 17th century 
 Dharm Dds took up his abode in Tirwa. His grandson, Partdb Singh, by 
 ingratiating himself with the Oudh Governor, Almas Ali, extended his influ- 
 ence and acquired the title of Rao. Sumer Singh, son of Partab Singh, 
 raised the family to the greatest distinction they ever enjoyed from his con- 
 nection with Shujd-uddauld, the Nawdb Vazir of Oudh, whom he aided in 
 the battle of Buxar. He obtained from the Emperor Shah Alam the title of 
 Rdjd Bahddur, and the dignity of a mansaluidr of 3000. 
 
 Residence. — Tirwa, Fanikhabad, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 UDIYAJIT (of Kakarbai), Rao. 
 
 Born 14th April 18^7. This Bundela Thdkur is descended from Bharat 
 Chand, grandson of Rdjd Malkhan of Orchha. The title of Rao is said to 
 have been conferred on the grandfather of the present holder by the 
 Mahdrdjd of Panna. .Arjun Singh, the father of Rao Udiyajit, assisted in 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 557 
 
 restoring order in the Garotha tahsil towards the close of the Mutiny. Rao 
 Udiyajit owns seven villages in the Jhansi district. He has a son and heir, 
 Lachhman Singh, aged twenty-six years. 
 
 Residence. — Kakarbai, Jhdnsi, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 UGRA NARAYAN SINGH, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on ist January 1877, as a personal distinction, 
 on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India. 
 
 Residence. — Supul, Bhdgalpur, Bengal. 
 
 UJAMBAR. See Ajambar. 
 
 UJJAL SINGH (of Dhanaura), Sarddr. 
 
 Born 1858; succeeded to the title, which is hereditary, on the death of 
 his father, the late Sardar Dewa Singh of Dhanaura. Belongs to a Khatri 
 family of Sikh Sardars, descended from Hazuri Singh, whose eldest son, 
 Sardar Dharam Singh, was the grandfather of Sardar Natha Singh, father of 
 the late Sardar Dewa Singh of Dhanaura. The younger brothers of Sardar 
 Dharam Singh were the Sardars Karam Singh and Sada Singh, both of whom 
 made considerable conquests in the Punjab — the last-named being the 
 conqueror of Dhanaura and the neighbouring territory, which descended 
 to the posterity of his elder brother, Sardar Dharam Singh. The family 
 came under British protection with the other Cis-Sutlej States, and rendered 
 good service during the Mutiny of 1857. 
 
 Residence. — Dhanaura, Kamdl, Punjab. 
 
 UJYAR SINGH (of Gormara), Thdkur. 
 The title is hereditary. 
 Residence. — Gormara, Seoni, Central Provinces. 
 
 UMAKANT DAS, Rai Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred on ist January 1889, as a personal distinction, 
 in recognition of eminent services in the Political Department, particularly in 
 connection with the State of Hill Tipperah {q.v.), in Bengal. The Rai 
 Bahadur holds the position of Assistant PoHtical Agent in Hill Tipperah. 
 
 Residence. — Hill Tipperah, Bengal. 
 
 UMED KUAR (of Fatehpur), Rand. 
 
 Belongs to a Raj Gond family, claiming an antiquity, in the Hoshan- 
 gabad district of the Central Provinces, of more than 900 years. The 
 Fatehpur /(/f^/V is said to have been conferred on an ancestor by Raja Kamal 
 Nain, Gond Raja of Mandla, in 930 a.d. A sanad from the Raja of 
 Mandla, dated 1500 a.d., is still in the possession of the family. 
 
 Residence. — Fatehpur, Hoshangabad, Central Provinces. 
 
558 
 
 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 The Saniak of the Chauh.'m 
 Rdjputs, called ChaJira, used 
 in the seal and for signature. 
 
 (A circle with four Tritulat or 
 Tridents as radii at the car- 
 diDal points.) 
 
 UMED SINGH (of Piplod), Rami. 
 
 Born 1844. Belongs to a family claiming 
 descent from the famous Chauhan Rajputs of 
 Ajmir ; the chakra or Chauhan device used in 
 the seals and signatures of Chauhan Chiefs is given 
 in the margin. The name of the founder of the 
 family is unknown, but he is said to have received 
 the j<i^.;ir from Padshdh Ghazi of Delhi about 725 
 years ago. The earliest Rdnd was Rand Jagrup 
 Singh ; from whom the succession has been from 
 father to son in uninterrupted course. The Rand 
 is an Honorar)' Magistrate. He has three sons 
 — (i) Nahita Singh, (2) Nirbhi Singh, (3) Umrao 
 Singh. 
 
 Residence. — Piplod, Nimdr District, Central Provinces. 
 
 UMEDRAM ANANDRAM, Rao Bahadur. 
 
 The title was at first conferred as an official title, and for good services 
 was subsequently continued for life. 
 Reside lue. — Surat, Bombay. 
 
 UMBTA, THAKUR HATHISINGHJI, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Ciiief 
 
 Born 1825. Belongs to a family said to be of Bariya (aboriginal) 
 descent The area of the State is about 37 square miles. 
 Residence. — Umeta, Rewd Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 UMRAO SHA (of Sobhapvir), Rdjd. 
 
 Succeeded to the title on the death of the late Rdjd Chandra Churdman 
 Sha of Sobhapur, 14th December 1886. Belongs to a Rdj Gond family, 
 whose ancestor obtained the title of Rdjd from the Gond Rdjd of Mandla. 
 
 Residence. — Sobhapur, Hoshangabad, Central Provinces. 
 
 UMRAO SINGH (of Kachesar), Rao. 
 
 Born April 1835. Belongs to a Jat family of the Daldl gotra, founded 
 by four brothers, Bhual, Jagram, Jarmal, and Gurwa, who came from 
 Mandoti in Ilariana about 200 years ago. The first three settled in 
 Chitsona, Pargand Sayana, while Gurwa took possession of lands in Pargand 
 Chandansi. Hhual was succeeded by Manghi Ram, who had two sons, Rai 
 Singh and Chatar Singh, the latter of whom obtained considerable power. 
 He had two sons, Magni Ram and Randhan Singh. Both of these joined 
 the Jats of lihartpur, but Najib-uddaula secured their allegiance by granting 
 iheni Kachesar in//,//-, with the title of Rao, and the office of chcumdr, or 
 destroyer of thieves, for the nine surrounding Pargands. Randhan succeeded 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 559 
 
 to the estate in 1790, and obtained from Shah Alam a perpetual lease of 
 Parganas Path, Sayana, Thana Farida, and taliiqas Datiyana and Sayyidpur, 
 at a yearly revenue of Rs.40,000. This grant was confirmed by the British 
 Government in 1803. Rao Randhan died in prison in Meerut in 181 6, 
 and on his death the grant was settled with the original proprietors, but the 
 jdgir of Kachesar was granted revenue-free in perpetuity to his son, Rao 
 Fateh Singh, by Lord Moira in the same year. 
 
 Fateh Singh died in 1839, after amassing immense wealth and estates, 
 and increasing his taliiqa to an enormous extent. He was succeeded by his 
 son, Rao Bahadur Singh, who added twenty-six villages to the estates. He 
 expressed his intention of leaving his estates equally to Gulab Singh and 
 Umrao Singh. Gulab resented this, and Rao Bahadur was found foully 
 murdered in his house in 1847. 
 
 Gulab Singh, who succeeded, received estates assessed at Rs. 7,083 for 
 his services during the Mutiny. He died in 1859, and was succeeded by 
 his widow, Jaswant Kunwar, who again w^as succeeded by her daughter, 
 Bhup Kunwar. Bhup Kunwar died without issue in 1861, and was suc- 
 ceeded by her husband, Kushal Singh, nephew and adopted son of the late 
 rebel, Raja Nahar Singh, of Ballabhgarh. Umrao Singh had meanwhile 
 been pressing his claims, and in 1868 a settlement was made by arbitration 
 — five-sixteenths of the property were awarded to Partap Singh, a grandson of 
 Magni Ram ; six-sixteenths to Umrao Singh, and the remainder to Khushal 
 Singh. Umrao Singh subsequently gave one of his daughters in marriage to 
 Khushal Singh. He has a son and heir, named Girraj Singh, aged twelve 
 years. 
 
 Residence. — Kachesar, Bulandshahr, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 UMRAO SINGH, LALA, Rai Bahddicr. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 29th May 1886, in 
 recognition of good services rendered in the Railway Mail Service. 
 Residence. — Calcutta. 
 
 UMRAO SINGH (of Majithia), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. Belongs to a Shergil Jat family, descended from 
 a common ancestor, fourteen generations back, with Sardar Dayal Singh, 
 Majithia {q.v^ Izzat Singh was the founder of this branch of the family. 
 He acquired a strip of the Dhanni territory, and held it till his death in 
 1772 A.D. The Maharaja Ranjit Singh took possession of the whole of the 
 Dhanni country, but he allowed the Sardar Attar Singh, grandson of Izzat 
 Singh, to retain a considerable estate, and the Sardar ultimately was per- 
 mitted to administer the country. He was killed in Hazara in 1843, and 
 succeeded by his only son, Surat Singh — to whose influence was largely due 
 the rebellion of the Maharaja Sher Singh in 1845. After the annexation of 
 the Punjab the Sardar Surat Singh's jdgirs were confiscated, and he was 
 banished to Benares. When the Mutiny of 1857 broke out he displayed con- 
 spicuous loyalty. He kept a Sikh detachment, which guarded the Treasury 
 at Benares, to their duty ; and in an engagement with a party of Rajputs, 
 who had attacked Benares, he received a severe wound. For his services 
 
S6o THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 during the Mutiny the Sarddr received the additional title of Bahadur, a 
 considerable pension, and a valuable jdgir ; and he was subsequently 
 created a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. He 
 received permission to return to the Punjab, and generally resided at 
 Majithia. On ist January 1877 he received the title of Raja as a personal 
 distinction, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty as Empress of India. He was succeeded by his elder son, the 
 present Sarddr, the younger son being named Sundar Singh. 
 Residence. — Majithia, Amritsar, Punjab. 
 
 UMRAO SINGH (of Naigaon), Jidjd. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Raja belonging to a Rajput family, whose 
 ancestor received the title from the Emperor Akbar of Delhi. The family 
 were originally the Chiefs of Argal on the river Jumna. Subsequently they 
 migrated to Garhakota, and ruled there. The late Rajd of Naigaon, Gulab 
 Singh, was born 2jst January 1806 ; and on his death he was succeeded by 
 his adopted son, the present Rdja. 
 
 Resilience. — Naigaon, .Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 UMRAO SINGH, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1834. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 14th 
 November 188S, for good services rendered in the Medical Sendee. The 
 Rai Bahadur is the son of the late Makhun Singh of Cawnpore. He 
 entered the Medical Service of the Government of India as Native Doctor 
 in l-'ebruary 1854, and was attached to the 63rd Regiment. Transferred to 
 2nd Grenadiers N.I., and served in medical charge of two companies of the 
 regiment in the expedition against the Santals in June 1S55, and subse- 
 quently with the whole regiment in 1855-56. In 1857 was appointed to a 
 detachment of Her Majesty's 64th Foot at Chinsurah, and marched to 
 Cawnpore, and joined the headquarters of the regiment. Was present at 
 the action of Scwrajpore and Cawnpore in November 1857 against the rebel 
 Sepoys, and was entrenched for nine days at Cawnpore ; was afterwards 
 present in the final action at Cawnpore on 28th November 1857, when the 
 Gwalior contingent was defeated. Appointed to the 35th Regiment in 1S58, 
 and served with tl\e corps in keeping open the line of communication along 
 the Trunk Road between Mainpuri and Merah-ki Serai. In 1863 was 
 appointed to the Civil charge of the Rampur Bodliya Charitable Dispensary. 
 In 1865 was transferred to His Excellency the Viceroy's Household Dis- 
 pensary. In 1886 accompanied His Excellency the Viceroy to Mandalay 
 (Burma Medal). Retired 1891. He has a son and heir, named Bhoyrub 
 Prosad Singh, born 21st July 1858. 
 
 Resilience. — Simla and Calcutt.1. 
 
 UMRAO SINGH, BAHADUR (of Barhpura), Jiao. 
 
 Born 1S39. This very ancient title, which is hereditary, was originally 
 conferred by the famous Prithirdj, last Hindu Emperor of Delhi. The Rao 
 belongs to a Bhadauriya (Chauhdn Rdjput) family, and is the Chief of the 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 561 
 
 clan in the Etawah district For the family history, see Mahendra Mahendra 
 Singh, Bhadauriya, Maharaja of Bhadawar. The Rao has a son and heir, 
 Lala Himanchal Singh, born 20th February 1867. 
 
 Residence. — Barhpura, Etdwah, North-Western Provinces. 
 
 UMRI, RAJA PIRTHI SINGH, /?djd of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1871; succeeded to the gaiii as a minor 20th February 1882. 
 Belongs to a Sesodia Rajput (Hindu) family, descended from a Chief who 
 in 1803 assisted General Jean Baptiste with military service, and was granted 
 the territory of Umri, which is entirely enclosed with the Gwalior territory. 
 The late Raja Moham Singh died in 1882, and was succeeded by his 
 grandson, the present Raja. The State has a population of 2740. 
 
 /Residence. — Umri, Guna, Central India. 
 
 The Santak of the Chauhdn 
 Rdjputs, called Cliakra, used 
 in the seal and for signature. 
 
 (.\ circle with four Trisulas or 
 Tridents as radii at the car- 
 dinal points.) 
 
 UMRI, THAKUR MOTISINGHJI, 
 
 Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1862. Belongs to a Chauhan 'Rajput 
 family, claiming descent from Thakur Guman- 
 singhji, son of Fatehsinghji. The late Chief. 
 Thakur Amarsinghji, was born in 181 1, and 
 succeeded as a minor in June 1S25. He was 
 succeeded by his grandson, the present Thakur 
 Motisinghji. The State, which has to make 
 certain annual payments to Satlasna and Bhalusna, 
 has a population of 1082, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Umri, Mihi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 UNCHBRA, Rdjd of See Nagod. 
 
 UNI, THAKUR DAULAT SINGH, Thdkur of 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1845; succeeded to the gad/ in 1882. Belongs to a Rajput 
 (Hindu) family. 
 
 Residence. — Uni, Indore, Central India. 
 
 UPARWARA, THAKUR LAGHHMAN SINGH, Thdkur of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1835; succeeded to the gadi in 1871. Belongs to a Solankhi 
 Rajput (Hindu) family. The State has a population of about 1200, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Uparwdra, Western Mdhvd, Central India. 
 
 2 O 
 
S62 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 UPENDRA CHANDRA CHAUDHRI, Kumar. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, i8th July 1861, in 
 recognition of his position as the adopted son and heir of the late Raja 
 Haris Chandra Chaudhri, Zamindar of Maimansingh. Haris Chandra was 
 the descendant of Sri Krishna Chaudhri, Zamindar of Kami, Rajshahi ; and 
 received the title of Raja, as a personal distinction, on 1st January- 1877, on 
 the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress 
 of India, in recognition of his munificent contributions to various works of 
 public utility. 
 
 Residence. — Maimansingh, Bengal. 
 
 UPENDRA NATH DUARDAR, Rai Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred on 2nd July 1875, ^^ a personal distinction, in 
 recognition of his services rendered during the Bhutan war, and his public 
 spirit. 
 
 Residence. — Baksha, Jalpaiguri, Bengal. 
 
 USMAN KHAN. See Muhammad Usmdn Khan. 
 
 UTTAM SINGH (of RAmpur), Snrddr. 
 
 Born 1S40. Belongs to the House of Malaudh, descended from the 
 famous Phulkian stock, having a common ancestor, Phul, with the great 
 Phulkian Chiefs of Patidla, Jind, Ndbha, and Bhadaur {q.v.) The district of 
 Malaudh was conquered from the Afghans of Malcr Kotla in 1754 a.d., in 
 the time of Sarclar Hakhta, son of Rdma, who was the fourth son of Phul. 
 Bakhta's grandson, the Sardar Dalel Singh of Malaudh, died in 1824, and 
 was succeeded by his eldest son, Sardar Fateh Singh ; who died in 1 849, 
 leaving two sons, the Sarddrs Hazdra Singh and Uttam Singh. On the death 
 of his elder brother, Hazdra Singh, in 1854, the Sarddr Uttam Singh became 
 the head of this important family, Sarddr Balwant Singh of Bir Chinia and 
 Sarddr Badan Singh of Malaudh being junior Chiefs of the same family. In 
 1866 the Sarddr was created a.jiigirdiir Magistrate. 
 
 Residence. — Rdmpur, Ludhidna, Punjab. 
 
 UTTAM SINGH (of Ghanauli), Sarddr. 
 
 The title is hereditary. The Sarddr is the Chief of the Ghanauli branch 
 of the important family of Sikh Sarddrs descended from the Sarddr Khushdl 
 Singh. He achieved conquests in the Manjha (the Punjab proper), and took 
 possession of Jdlandhar. Subse(iuently, in 1756 a.d., he conquered the 
 Ghanauli, Bhartgarh, Bhanga, and other territories in the CisSutlcj States. 
 .Ml their 'I'ransSutlej lands were taken from the family by the Mahdrdjd 
 Kanjit Singh ; but with regard to thcii Cis-Sutlej estates, they came under 
 British protection with the other Chiefs. The family rendered excellent 
 service during the Mutiny of 1857, and was rewarded with large permanent 
 
 ji 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 563 
 
 remissions of taxation. The son of Khushal Singh, Sardar Budh Singh, had 
 many sons, amongst whose descendants his estates have been divided ; of 
 these the second, Sardar Bhopal Singh of Ghanauli, was the father of Sarddr 
 Uttam Singh, and also of a younger brother, Sardar Partab Singh {q.v.). , 
 Residence. — Ghanauli, Ambila, Punjab. 
 
 UTTAMCHAND SATIDAS, Jiao Saheb. 
 
 The title was conferred as an official title, and for good service was 
 continued for life, 22nd June 1889. 
 Residence. — Sind, Bombay. 
 
 VADALI, JAREJA VIRABHA, Tdlukddr of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1848; succeeded to the gadi 12th June 1888. The State has an 
 area of 2 square miles, and a population of 590, chiefly Hindus. 
 Residence. — Vaddli, Kdthiiwir, Bombay. 
 
 VADHYAWAN, NAIK MOHANYA ivalad PHULSINGH, Chief of . 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1849. Belongs to a family said to be descended from Bhil 
 (aboriginal) ancestors. The State, which is one of those known as the Dang 
 States of Khandesh, has an area of about 5 square miles, and a population of 
 253, chiefly Bhil (aboriginal). 
 
 Residence. — Vadhyawin, Khdndesh, Bombay. 
 
 VAJIRIA, THAKUR KBSAR KHAN, Thdkur of 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1876 ; has succeeded to the gadi as a minor. Belongs to a Rajput 
 (Muhammadan) family. The late Thakur was named Kalubawa Gulabkhan, 
 and he was succeeded by the present Chief The area of the State is 10 
 square miles ; the population, chiefly Bhils (aboriginal). 
 
 Residence. — Vajiria, Rewd Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 VAKHTAPUR, THAKUR UDESINGHJI, Thdkur of 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 2ist January 1847; succeeded to the gadi 19th May 1876. 
 Belongs to a family said to be descended from a Rajput named Makwana 
 Bhatti, who many generations ago came into Mahi Kantha, and married the 
 daughter of a Koli Chief The Thakur Wakhtsinghji was the founder of this 
 branch of the family ; his descendant was the Thakur Harisinghji, father of 
 the present Chief The State contains an area of 3 1 square miles, and a 
 population of 2379, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Vakhtapur, Mihi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
S64 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 VALASNA, THAKUR HARISINGHJI, Tkdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1881 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor. Belongs to a Rdjput 
 family, descended from the Rao Viramdeo, Rao of Idar in Akbar's time. 
 The area of the State is So square miles; its population 435S, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Valasna, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 VARADARAJA GOPALA CHARIYAR, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th May 1889. 
 The Rao Bahadur is a distinguished graduate (B.A. and B.L.) of the Madras 
 University. 
 
 Residence. — Madura, Madras. 
 
 VARAGAM, THAKUR RAJSINGHJI, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 8th December 1821 ; succeeded to the gadi 9th February 1848. 
 Belongs to a Rehwar Rajput family, descended from the ancient Raos of 
 Chandrawati near Mount Abu. Has a son and heir named Kunwar Parbat- 
 singhji. The area of the State is 45 square miles ; its population 3446, 
 chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Vardgdm, Mdhi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 VARAJLAL PURSHOTTAMRAI, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Born 24th June 1843. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, 
 14th October 1882, for meritorious ser\iccs in the Bombay Political Depart- 
 ment. He entered the service of the Bombay Ciovernment in 1866, and in 
 1889 became Diwan or Prime Minister of the State of Dharampur {q.v.), in 
 the Surat Agency. He also received a Gold Medal from the States of 
 Lunaward and Baldsinor {q.v), in the Rewd Kdntha Agency, with the sanction 
 of the Government of India, for services rendered in the settlement of 
 questions involving territorial exchanges and the adjustment of various 
 claims and rights between those two States. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 VARDU PILLAI, Rao Sa/iefi. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 21st September 
 1881. 
 
 Residence. — Trichinopoli, Madras. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 565 
 
 VARNOLI MOTI, RAHTOR PITHIBHAI, Chief of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1826. Belongs to a Rahtor Rajput (Hindu) family. The area of 
 the State is about i square mile. 
 
 Residence. — Vamoli Moti, Revvd Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 VARNOLI NANI, RAHTOR BHAIJI, Chief of. 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1824. Belongs to a Rahtor Rajput (Hindu) family. The area 
 of the State is about i square mile. 
 
 Residence. — Vamoli Ndni, Rewi Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 VASAN SEWADA, THAKUR KALUBAWA, Jhdkiir of 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 182S. Belongs to a Rahtor Rajput (Muhammadan) family. The 
 area of the State is about 3 square miles. 
 
 Residence. — Vasan Sewada, Rew5 Kantha, Bombay. 
 
 VASAN VIRPUR, DAIMA JITABAWA BAJIBHAI, T/idkuf- of 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1820; succeeded to the gadi (jointly with the Thakur Jaswant- 
 singhji) on 23rd August 1887. Belongs to a Rahtor Rajput (Muhammadan) 
 family. The area of the State is 7 square miles. 
 
 Residence. — Vasan Virpur, Rewd Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 VASAN VIRPUR, THAKUR JASWANTSINGHJI, TAdki^r of 
 
 A Ruling Chief 
 
 Born 1874 ; succeeded to the gadi (jointly with the Thakur Daima 
 Jitabawa Bajibhai) as a minor on 23rd August 1887. Belongs to a Rahtor 
 Rajput (Muhammadan) family. The area of the State is 7 square miles. 
 
 Residence. — Vasan Virpur, Re\yd Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 VASIREDDI BHAVANI MUKLESWARA PRASADA NAYUDU, 
 
 Maui Si//fif/i. 
 
 This title has recently been recognised as hereditary in the Madras 
 Presidency. When the holder is a male, the title is Alani Sultdn Garii. 
 Residence. — Kistna, Madras. 
 
$66 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 VASNA, THAKUR TAKHTSINGHJI, Thdkurof. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born i8th September 1873; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 7th 
 October 1875. Belongs to the family of the Chief of the Rahtor Rajputs, 
 claiming descent from Jodh Raja of Jodhpur {q.v.) The family has been 
 settled at Vasna since the time of the Thakur Shersinghji, 1629 a.d. The 
 State, which is tributary to Baroda, has an area of 28 square miles, and a 
 population of 4794, chiefly Hindus. 
 
 Residence. — Vasna, Mdhi Kintha, Bombay. 
 
 VASUDEV BAPUJI KANITKAR, Rao Bakddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, ist January 1877, on 
 the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress 
 of India. 
 
 Residence. — Poena, Bombay. 
 
 VASUDEV JAGANNATH, Rao Sahek 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 23rd June 1S64. 
 Residence. — Poona, Bombay. 
 
 VASUDEV PANDURANG, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 28th July 1882. 
 Residence. — Poena, Bombay. 
 
 VASURNA, RAJA JAWAHIRSINGH, alias RATANSINGH 
 JESWANTRAO, Rdjd of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1878. Belongs to a family that is said to be descended from a 
 Bhil (aboriginal) ancestor. The State, which is one of the Dang States of 
 Khdndesh, has an area of 132 square miles, and a population of 6177, 
 chiefly Bhils. 
 
 Residence. — Vasuma, Khdndesh, Bombay. 
 
 VELAGOTI SRI RAJA GOPALA KRISHNA YACHENDRA 
 BAHADUR, SIR, K.C.I. E. (of Venkatagiri), Rdjd, Panch-Hdzdr 
 
 Mansal'ddr. See \'cnkatagiri. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 567 
 
 VENKASWAMI RAO, T., Diwdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1830. Was appointed Diwdn (or Prime Minister) of Kalahasti 
 {q.v.), and granted the title of Diwdn Bahadur as a personal distinction in 
 1887. 
 
 Residence. — Kdlahasti, Madras. 
 
 VBNKATA PERUMAL RAZ, Rdjd. 
 See Kumara Venkata Perumal Raz, Hdjd. 
 
 VENKA-TAGIRI, RAJA SIR VELAGOTI SRI RAJA GOPALA 
 KRISHNA YACHENDRA BAHADUR, K.C.I. E., Rdjd of, 
 Panch-Hdzdr JSIansahdar. 
 
 Born 1857. Belongs to a family that traces its descent from Chenireddi, 
 from whom the present Raja of Venkatagiri is twenty-seventh in descent ; 
 
 he discovered a hidden treasure, and 
 rose to high favour in the service of 
 the Raja of Varagala, who granted him 
 a \z.\g& jdgir. Under his descendants 
 the estate was largely increased in area. 
 The late Rdja of Venkatagiri, Kummara 
 Yachama Nayudu, was born in 1832; 
 and was created a Companion of the 
 Most Exalted Order of the Star of 
 India. He was succeeded by the 
 present Rdjd, who was appointed a 
 Member of the Legislative Council 
 of Madras in 1888, and again in 1890. 
 In 1888 he was created a Knight 
 Commander of the Most Eminent 
 Order of the Indian Empire. His 
 title of Panch-Hdzdr Mansabddr was 
 of Mughal origin, indicating the military command of 5000. The title of 
 Raja of Venkatagiri was recognised as hereditary in 1 890. 
 Residence. — Venkatagiri, Nellore District, Madras. 
 
 VBNKATAKUMARA SURYA RAO, Rdjd. 
 
 See Pithapur, Rdjd of. 
 
 VENKATARAMAYYA PANTULU, G., Rao Saheb. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893, for 
 eminent services in the Revenue Survey of Madras. 
 Residence. — Madras. 
 
568 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 VENKATARANGA CHARIYAR, T., Mahdmahopddhydya. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th February 1887, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majestj', in 
 recognition of his eminence as an oriental scholar. It entitles him to take 
 rank in Darbdr immediately after titular Rdjds. 
 
 Residence. — Vizdgapatam, M adras. 
 
 VENKATASVETA CHALA-PATHI RANGA RAO, RAVU (of 
 
 Bobbili), Kdjd. 
 
 Is the adopted son of the Rani of Bobbili, Rani Lakshmi Chellegumma. 
 The title of Rani was conferred by the British Government, i 7th February 
 1876; and the title of Rrija of Bobbili was recognised as hereditar)' in 
 1880. 
 
 Residence. — Mad ras. 
 
 VENKOBA CHARIYAR, C, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, in 1889, for eminent 
 services in the Madras Judicial Service. 
 
 Residence. — Tanjore, Madras. 
 
 I 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 569 
 
 VIKAR-ULrUMARA (IKBAL-UD-DAULA) BAHADUR, 
 
 His Excellency the Nawdb. 
 
 One of the Premier Nobles of the Hyderabad State. 
 
 Born about the year 1 840. The Nawab Bahadur bears the courtesy title 
 of " His Excellency " as a Member of the Council of State and Minister of 
 His Highness the Nizam. With his brother, Sir Khurshid Jah {q.v^i, and his 
 cousin, Sir Asman Jah {q.v}f, he is the present representative of the great and 
 powerful Shamsiya family, the first among the noble families of Hyderabad, 
 which has been frequently connected by marriage with the ruling House, 
 and entrusted with the hereditary command of the Paigah or Household 
 Troops of the Nizam. Descended from the famous captain. Shaikh 
 Abul Khair Khan, Imam Jang, Shamsher Bahadur, who was a Mansabddr 
 in Malwa under the Emperor Aurangzeb. He attached himself to the 
 fortunes of the great Asaf Jah, the founder of the Hyderabad dynasty, 
 under whose banner he rose to the highest commands. In 1745 he defeated 
 a force of Mahrattas ; and under the successors of Asaf Jah, the Nizams 
 Nasir Jang and Salabat Jang, he continued his successful career. In 1752 
 he died at Burhanpur ; and was succeeded by his son, Abul Fateh Khan 
 Teg Jang, who became the first Noble of the Nizam Ali, obtaining the com- 
 mand of the Paigah or Household Troops, immense territorial possessions, 
 and the titles of Shams-ud-daula, Shams ul-Mulk, and Shams-ul-Umara. He 
 died in 1S76, when campaigning in Panghul ; and was succeeded by his son, 
 who at the early age of four had received from the Nizam the titles of Ba-ud- 
 din Khan, Imam Jang, Khurshid-ud-daula, and Khurshid-ul-Mulk. He 
 succeeded to all the honours of his father, and became a famous scholar and 
 savant, receiving at various times the titles of Teg Jang, Shams-ud-daula, 
 Shams-ul-Mulk, Shams-ul-Umard, Bahadur, and in 1827 the title of Amir-i- 
 Kabir. In 1 849 he became for a short time Prime Minister of Hyderabad. 
 He died in 1862, leaving two sons, Umdat-ul-Mulk (who became Amir-i- 
 Kabir), and Ikhtidar-ul-Mulk (who became Vikar-ul-Umara). The former 
 died in 1877, when the latter succeeded him in the family honours, and as co- 
 Regent of the State — adding the title of Amir-i-Kabir to that of Vikar-ul- 
 Umard. He died in 1881, leaving two sons, the Nawab Sir Khurshid Jah 
 {q.v.) and the Nawdb Ikbal-ud-daula, who became the Vikar-ul-Umara. 
 Both these noblemen, like their kinsman Sir Asman Jah, have shared the 
 fortune of their ancestor, in allying themselves in marriage with Princesses 
 of the Royal House of Hyderabad. The Vikar has two sons, who have been 
 most carefully educated under both Indian and English tutors, and who are 
 both promising scholars and exceedingly popular. The Vikdr has always 
 taken an active share in the administration of His Highness's government, 
 and is one of the most experienced and accomplished statesmen in India. 
 He is also famous as the first sportsman in India ; and in this capacity has 
 always been most generous in providing the finest tiger-shooting for many 
 
570 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 distinguished visitors. On the occasion of the visit of the Viceroy to 
 Hyderabad in November 1892, the Vikar was entrusted by His Highness the 
 Nizam with the duty of meeting His Excellency and bringing him into 
 Hyderabad. His palace of Falaknuma, a few miles out of Hyderabad, is one 
 of great magnificence, and is one of the sights of India. 
 
 Residences. — Hyderabad ; Falaknuma, near Hyderabad. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 571 
 
 VIKRAMA DEVU GARU, SRI (of Jaipur, VizAgapatam), Rdjd. 
 
 Born 1S75. The title of Raja of Jaipur was recognised as hereditary in 
 December 1890. The late Raja of Jaipur, Sri Ramachendra Devu Garu, 
 received the title of Maharaja as a personal distinction on 2nd December 
 1875. Claims descent from the ancient Kings of Jambhuraj ; the founder 
 of the family, Vinayakadevu, having been, in very early times, the younger 
 brother of a King of Jambhuraj. The family banner, coloured yellow and 
 purple, bears the figure of Hanuman, the monkey-god. For a seal the Rajas 
 of Jaipur use the device of a lion argent standing on the back of an elephant 
 azure. The title of Mahdrdjd SaJieb Afehrba?i Dostoji is said to have been 
 conferred on the Raja's ancestors by one of the Mughal Emperors of Delhi. 
 \'inayakadevu, who is described as a Rajput of the Chandravansa or Lunar 
 race, is said to have married the daughter of one of the Gajapati Kings of 
 Orissa, who conferred on him this extensive Zaminddri, and subsequently, to 
 confirm his authority over the wild tribes of the mountainous districts of 
 Jaipur, he took as his second wife the only surviving Princess of the ancient 
 Sila Vansa dynasty. Among the population of the Raj are many Kandhs, 
 Gauras, and other aboriginal tribes, who were formerly notorious for their 
 human sacrifices known as Meriah. 
 
 Residence. — ^Jaipur, Vizdgapatam District, Madras. 
 
 VILAYAT ALI KHAN, SAYYID, C.I.B., Nawdb. 
 
 The title of Nawdb was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 14th April 
 1882, in recognition of "prominent and devoted services rendered during the 
 Mutiny, and munificent liberality." The " Saviour of Behar " — the late 
 William Tayler, Commissioner of Patna at the time of the outbreak of the 
 Mutiny — thus wrote of the Sayyid : — 
 
 " Vilayet Ali Khan has been conspicuous from the very commencement of 
 the disturbance, and the bravery and frankness with which he has at very great 
 risk to himself cast his lot on the side of the authorities is deserving of special 
 recognition at the present time, and has been in itself of great use. A few days 
 after the news of the Mutiny reached us, he presented to me a petition stating 
 that he was ready to devote his life and property in the service of the State ; and 
 from that day he has incessantly exerted himself in the cause of Government, 
 seeking for information, ferreting out bad characters, watching the city, and 
 obtaining good information, through emissaries employed at his expense, from the 
 neighbouring villages. Professions of loyalty are valuable in proportion as they 
 are voluntary and timely, and their sincerity is tested by acts. The proffer of 
 Vilayet All's services was made in our darkest and most dangerous crisis, and the 
 proffer throughout was supported by ' deeds.' " 
 
 At the time of the visit of the Prince of Wales to India, the Sayyid had the 
 distinguished honour of receiving His Royal Highness's personal thanks for 
 his good services to the Empire ; and was created a Companion of the 
 Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, ist January 1878. He was one 
 of the chief founders of the Patna College, now a great centre of learning, 
 of the Temple Medical School, and of many other important educational 
 institutions ; and has always been prominent in every good work in the 
 province of Behar. 
 
 Residence. — Patna, Bengal. 
 
572 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 VINA YAK RAO GANESH SAMARTH, Rao Bahadur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 24th May 1889. 
 Residence. — Tonk, Rdjputdna. 
 
 VIRA VARMA RAJA, Valiya Rdjd of Kurumbrandd. 
 
 Born 1 83 1. Belongs to a Kshatriya family, long known as the Bandhu 
 Swarupain or ally of the Zamorins of Calicut, whom the Kurumbrandd Rajas 
 helped in their contests with the Portuguese. The family, like those of the 
 other Rajds of Malabar, follows the Marumakkatayam law of inheritance, by 
 which the succession is with the offspring of its female members, amongst 
 whom the next eldest male is always the Rdja's heir-apparent. The late Rajd of 
 Kurumbrandd, also called Vira Varma Raja, was born in i 799, and succeeded 
 to thecal// in 1852. The Rdjd receives an allowance from Government, as 
 compensation for the territory that belonged to his ancestors. 
 
 Residence. — Payyoli, Malabar, Madras. 
 
 VIRAMPURA, THAKUR NATHU KHAN, TMkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 Born 1854. Belongs to an Agwdn (Muhammadan) family. The area 
 of the State is i square mile ; its population is chiefly Bhil. 
 Residence. — Virampura, Rewd Kdntha, Bombay. 
 
 VIRBSALINGAM PANTULU, K., Rao BaMdur. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1893, for 
 eminent services in the Education Department. Is the Senior Pandit of 
 the Rdjamandri College, Madras. 
 
 Residence. — Rdjdmandri, Madras. 
 
 VIRPUR, THAKUR SURAJI SURTANJI, Tfidkur of 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 8th October 1846 ; succeeded to the ^rt<// 30th July 1864. Belongs 
 to the great Jarcja Rdjput family that has given rulers to Kutch and 
 Nawanagar, being an offshoot of the latter House. The Thdkur has a son 
 and heir, named Harisinghji. The State, which is tributary to Jundgarh, has 
 an area of 67 square miles, and a population of 5338. The Thdkur main- 
 tains a military force of 10 cavalry, 40 infantry, and 2 guns. 
 
 Resilience. — Virpur, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 VIRPUR, Thdkur of See Vasan Virpur. 
 
 VISHNU MORESHWAR BHIDE, Rao Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th July 1888. 
 Resilience. — Bombay. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA S73 
 
 VISHNU PANT KESHAO KANTI, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 Has held an important position in the State of Dewas (senior branch), 
 Central India; and received the title as a personal distinction on 2Sth May 
 1892. 
 
 Residence. — Dewis, Central India. 
 
 VISHNU RAMCHANDRA ASHTIKAR, Rao Saheb. 
 
 Granted the title, as a personal distinction, 2nd January 1S93, for 
 eminent services as Aldtidatddr. 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 VISHRAM RAMJI GHOLE, Rao Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th February 
 1 88 7, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious 
 Majesty, in recognition of his services in the Medical Department. He 
 holds the rank of Assistant Surgeon in Her Majesty's Army. 
 
 Residence. — Ratnagiri, Bombay. 
 
 VITHAL RAO, Rao Saheb. 
 
 The title is hereditary, having been originally conferred by the Mahratta 
 Government of Sagar, and recognised by the British Government. 
 Residence. — Sdgar, Central Provinces. 
 
 VITHALRAO PHIRANGOJIRAO (of Chikurde), Patangrao. 
 
 Born in the year 1747 of the Saka era, or about 1825 a.d. The 
 Patangrao is in the enjoyment of certain Deshmukhi Amals, and is known as 
 the Deshmukh of Chikurde. The title of Patangrao was conferred on one of 
 his ancestors by the Mughal Emperor of Delhi. He has three sons — Ganpat 
 Rao, Nilkanta Rao, and Ananda Rao. The device of a dagger-head is 
 the family seal or signature. 
 
 Residence. — Sdtdra, Bombay. 
 
574 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 VIZIANAGRAM, MAHARAJA SIR P. ANANDA GAJAPATI 
 RAZ, G.C.I.B., Maharaja of. 
 
 The Mahardja is the son of His late Highness Sir Viziaram Raz, Maha- 
 nijd. of Vizianagram, K. C.S.I. , and was born in 1850; succeeded his father in 
 1S7S. HewasappointedaFellowof the Madras University in 1SS2; a Member 
 of the Legislative Council of Fort St. George in 1884 and 1892, and of the 
 Governor-General's Council in 1888. Was granted the title of Mahdrdjd as 
 a personal distinction in 1881 ; created K.C.I.E. in 1887, and G.C.I. E. on 
 24th May 1S92. The family is of Rdjput origin, claiming descent from 
 Viziabhup, brother of one of the ancient Mahardnds of Uilaipur in Rdjputdna, 
 and therefore belonging to the Sesodia branch and the Vasista Gotra or clan. 
 The family obtained the following titles from the Mughal Emperors of Delhi : 
 Mahdrdjd Sahiba Mcharban Mushpaku, Kadaradan Karampharmayi 
 Mokhaksan Mahdrdjd Milza, Manya Sultdn Gam Bahadur. The family 
 colour is purple, and its motto is " Ever Loyal." The Mahdrdjd's late father 
 introduced the " Majority Bill " into the Viceroy's Council, which became 
 law ; and he was granted the " Darbar salute " in 1876. The Mahdrdjd is an 
 extensive landowner in the Madras Presidency and elsewhere. His hereditary 
 title of Rdjd was recognised by Government in 1890. 
 
 Residence. — Vizianagram, Vizdgapatam, Madras. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 575 
 
 VOHORA, THAKUR MOTABAWA, Thdkur of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Belongs to a Rajput (Muhammadan) family. The State has an area of 
 2 square miles ; and its population consists chiefly of Bhils and Kolis. 
 Residence. — Vohora, Rewd Ktetha, Bombay. 
 
 VTANKAT RAO, Rao Saheb. 
 
 Born 23rd October 1836. The title is hereditary. The Rao Saheb is 
 one of the representatives of the Rao Vinayak Rao, who was Diwan or Prime 
 Minister to the last Mahratta ruler of Sagar. Rao Vinayak Rao came 
 originally from the Deccan, and was appointed a Mamlatdar by the late 
 Mahratta Government. The present Rao Saheb is a Tahsilddr in the 
 Chhattisgarh division. He has three sons — Raghunath Rao, Madho Rao, 
 Shankar Rao. 
 
 Residence. — S%ar, Central Provinces. 
 
 WADALI, Tdlukddr of. See VadaU. 
 
 ■WADHWAN, THAKUR SAHEB BALSINGHJI, Thdkur Saheb of 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Bom 1863; succeeded to the gadi 20th May 1885. Belongs to the 
 great Jhala Rajput family that has given rulers to Dhrangadra and Wan- 
 kaner, being an offshoot of the latter House. The late Thdkur Saheb 
 Dajiraj was born in 1S61, and succeeded to the gad/ in 1875 as a minor; 
 and was succeeded in 1885 by the present Chief. The capital, Wadhwan, is 
 a station on the Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway. The area of 
 the State is 236 square miles; its population is 42,500, chiefly Hindus. 
 The Thdkur Saheb maintains a military force of 49 cavalry, 280 infantry, 
 and 5 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Wadhwdn, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 WAHID-UD-DIN, MAULAVI, SAYYID, A'/idn Bahadur, 
 Shams-Ill- Ulaina. 
 
 Born 1 2th December 1818. Was created a Khan Bahadur in 1874, on 
 appointment as a Subordinate Judge ; and a Shams-ul-Ulama, for eminence 
 in oriental learning, on ist January 1889. The latter honour entitles him 
 to take rank in Darbdr immediately after titular Nawabs. Belongs to a 
 Zaidia Sayyid family, tracing their descent, through Zaid the Martyr, great- 
 grandson of Fatima, to Fatima (daughter of the Prophet) and her husband 
 All. One of the Sayyid's ancestors, Haji Ahmad Sayyid Khan, was Vazir to 
 the Emperor Shah Jahan. His great-grandfather, Sayyid Bakiat-ullah, and 
 his grandfather, Sayyid Imam Ali, were Tahsilddrs of Barh in Patna district, 
 and of Kailwar in Shdhabad district. His father, Sayyid Imddd Ali, was 
 principal Sadar Amin of Sdran. His maternal grandfather, Sayyid Salamat 
 Ali, was a Sadar .Amin of Shdhabad. He has four sons, of whom the eldest 
 is the Maulavi Imdad Imdm ; and the second Fazl Imam. 
 
 Residence. — Dinapur, Bengal. 
 
576 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 WAIK, MAUNG, Kyet Thaye zaung shwe Salwe ya Min. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 6th June 1885. 
 It means " Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour," and is indicated by the 
 letters K.S.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Pegu, Burma. 
 
 WALA, THAKUR WAKHTSINGHJI MEGHRAJJI, Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 19th February 1864; succeeded to the ^adi as a minor 20th 
 August 1875. Belongs to the great Gohel Rajput (Hindu) family, of which 
 the head is His Highness the Maharaja Thdkur Saheb of Bhaunagar — the 
 Wala family being an offshoot of the Bhaunagar House. Educated at the 
 Rajkumiir College, Rajkot. The State, which is tributary to Baroda and 
 Junagarh, has an area of 109 square miles; and a population of 17,019, 
 chiefly Hindus. The Thakur maintains a military force of 26 cavalry, 126 
 infantry, and 8 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Wala, Kdthidwdr, Bombay. 
 
 WALASNA, Thdkur of. See Valasna. 
 WALAWANAD, Valiya Jidjd of. See Rdma Varma Rdjd, Jidjd. 
 
 "WALI MUHAMMAD k',//./,/ GHULAM MUHAMMAD 
 KHAN, Mir. 
 
 Born October 181 8. Belongs to the Manikani branch of the Talpur 
 Chiefs of Sind. This branch commences with Mdnik Khdn, who came to 
 Sind after the conquest of Baluchistan by Nddir Shdh. The title of Mir 
 was originally derived from Nur Muhammad, the head of the Kalhora 
 Government of Sind, and has been recognised as hereditary by the British 
 Government. The -Mir has five sons — Muhammad Khan, Hasan Ali, 
 Muhammad Hasan, Yar Muhammad, and Ghuldm Shah. 
 
 Residence. — Hyderabad, Sind. 
 
 WALI MUHAMMAD, Naiodb. 
 
 Born 1834. Belongs to the Loghari clan. The title of Nawab was 
 bestowed, as a personal distinction, in recognition of his position as son of 
 the late Mir, Ali Muhammad Khdn. 
 
 Residence. — T:1jpur, Sind. 
 
 WALI MUHAMMAD KHAN, A'hdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a jiersonal distinction, on ist Januar)- 1877, 
 on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India. 
 
 Residence. — Thar and Parkar, Sind. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 577 
 
 WALIDAD KHAN icalad MUHAMMAD HUSAIN KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of tli..' 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation ysee Khairpur). 
 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 WALIDAD KHAN, ALIZAI, Bahadur. 
 
 Belongs to an Alizai Pathan family, being the son of Sahebdad Khan. 
 At the outbreak of the Mutiny in 1857 he was in the Punjab Police, when 
 he was selected by his relative, Ghulani Kasim Khan, to command a troop 
 in his levy. He formed part of the force which acted against the rebels 
 under Lieutenant Lind, and shared in all the actions with that officer, who 
 speaks of him in the highest terms for his loyalty and bravery. He was at 
 last disabled by a sword-wound in his right arm, and received a pension, 
 with the title of Bahadur. He is now a Member of the Board of City 
 Magistrates at Dera Ismail Khan. He has a son, Karimdad Khan, born 
 
 1873- 
 
 Residence. — Dera Ismail Khdn, Punjab. 
 
 WANKANER, RAJ SAHEB GANGUBBA alias AMARSINGHJI 
 BONISINGHJI, Raj Saheb of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1879 ; succeeded to the gadi as a minor 12th June 1881. Belongs 
 to the great Jhala Rajput family that has given ruling Houses to the States 
 of Dhrangadra, Wankaner, Limri, Wadhwan, and Than Lakhtar. The late 
 Raj Saheb was named Benisinghji ; he was born in 1842, succeeded to the 
 gadi in 186 1, and died in 1881. The present Raj Saheb is still a minor; 
 and the State is administered, during the minority of the Chief, by a Govern- 
 ment Karbhdri. The area of the State is 414 square miles ; its population 
 is 30,491, chiefly Hindus. The Raj Saheb maintains a military force of 73 
 cavalry, 3 1 2 infantry, and 1 5 guns ; and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns. 
 
 Residence. — Wdnkiner, Kithiiwdr, Bombay. 
 
 WAO, RANA GHANDANSINGH UMEDSINGH, Rand of. 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1854; succeeded to the gadi in June 1884. Belongs to the 
 famous family of the Chiefs of the Chauhan Rajputs, claiming descent from 
 Prithviraj, the last Hindu Emperor of Delhi. This family was originally 
 settled in Sembhor and Nandol, in Marwar or Jodhpur (Rajputana) ; and 
 after various vicissitudes of fortune, Dedh Rao was driven out of Nandol, 
 and obtained possession of Tharad (^.r.), which had been an appanage of 
 the Rajput dynasty of Patan. The seventh in descent from Dedh Rao was 
 
 2 p 
 
578 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 the Rand Punja ; and he was killed in battle, and lost the Tharad territory. 
 His son was the Rand Waza, who built the town ot" Wao. From him the 
 seventeenth in descent was the late Rand Umedsingh, who was born in 
 1848, succeeded to the ,!^ai/i in 1868, and dying in 18S4 was succeeded by 
 the present Chief. The State has an area of 380 square miles, and a 
 population of 27,735, chiefly Hindus. The Rand maintains a military force 
 of 30 cavalry, 20 infantry, and i gun. 
 Residence. — Wao, Pdlanpur, Hombay. 
 
 WARAGAM, TAdh^r of. See Vardgdm. 
 
 ■WARAHI, MALIK ZORAWAR KHAN UMAR KHAN, Malik of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 1881 ; succeeded to the g;adi as an infant on 14th September in 
 the same year. Belongs to a Jat (Muhammadan) family; descended from 
 the Mdlik Isa, who came from Sind and established himself at Warahi about 
 400 years ago. The late Mdlik Umar Khdn was born in 1848, and suc- 
 ceeded to the gadi (as principal shareholder in this State) in the same year 
 as an infant. He died in 1881, and was succeeded by the present Mdlik as 
 principal shareholder in the State. 
 
 Residence. — Warahi, Pdlanpur, Bombay. 
 
 WARNOLIMOTI, Chief of See Varnoli Moti. 
 
 WARNOLINANI, Chief of See Varnoli Ndni. 
 
 WARSORA, THAKUR KISHORSINGHJI MOTISINGHJI, 
 
 Thdkur of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 Born 15th October 1840: succeeded to the gadi 4th March 1858. 
 Belongs to a Chaura R:'ijput family, claiming descent from a scion of the 
 Chaura dynasty, by whom Anhilwdra Patan was founded in 746 A.n. The 
 Thdkur Surajmalji was the founder of the Warsora House, and fourteenth in 
 descent from him was the Thdkur C.ambhirsinghji. The brother of the latter, 
 the Thdkur Motisinghji, was the father of the present Thdkur. The Thdkur 
 lias a son and heir, Kunwar Surajmalji. The State, which is tributary to 
 Baroda, has an area of 56 square miles, and a population of 4051, chiefly 
 Hindus. 
 
 RcsiiUnce. — Warsora, Mdhi K.lntha, Bombay. 
 
 WASAN SEWADA, Thdkur of See Vasan Sewada. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 579 
 
 WASAN VIRPUR, Chief of . See Vasan Virpur. 
 WASNA, TMkur of See Vasna. 
 
 WAZIR MIRZA, Mirza Wala Kadr Nawdb Bahddui: 
 
 Born 1837. Is the grandson of the late Malika Zamani, the favourite 
 Queen of Nasir-ud-din Haidar, King of Oudh ; being the son of the late 
 Kainwan Jah, who for a time was recognised as the heir-apparent of Nasir- 
 ud-din. The title is a personal one, or a courtesy title. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 YADURAO PANDE, RAO, Rao Bahadur. 
 
 The title of Rao was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 
 1877, on the occasion of the Proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as 
 Empress of India. On ist January 1889 he received the hereditary title of 
 Rao Bahadur. 
 
 Residence. — Bhandara, Central Provinces. 
 
 YAKUB ALI KHAN, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, 17th May 1S87. 
 Residence. — Herat. 
 
 YAR MUHAMMAD walad WALI MUHAMMAD KHAN, Mir. 
 
 The title is hereditary, the Mir being the representative of one of the 
 Mirs or Chiefs of Sind at the time of the annexation (see Khairpur). 
 Residence. — Shikdrpur, Sind. 
 
 YAR MUHAMMAD KHAN, Khan Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 20th May 1890. 
 Residence. — Jaora, Central India. 
 
 YASHVANT SINGH (of Mandhata), Rao. 
 
 Belongs to a Chauhan Rajput family, whose ancestor married the daughter 
 of the Bhil Raja of Mandhata. The title is hereditary, and was originally 
 conferred in early times by one of the Pathan Kings of Delhi. 
 
 Residence. — Mandhata, Nimdr, Central Provinces. 
 
S8o THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 YATSANK, KUN NU, Sawlnva of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Sawbwa is Chief of one of the Shan States, Burma. The area of 
 his State is about 2000 square miles; its population consists chiefly of 
 Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Yatsank, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 YIN "WEI SHANG, Kyet Thaye zaung shwe Salwe ya Min. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on ist January 1889. 
 It means " Recipient of the Gold Chain of Honour," and is indicated by the 
 letters K.S.M. after the name. 
 
 Residence. — Mandalay, Burma. 
 
 YUSUF ALT, Khan Bahadur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 22nd January 1873. 
 Residence. — Surat, Bombay. 
 
 YUSUP SHARIF, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on i6th February 
 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most dracious 
 Majesty, in recognition of meritorious services rendered in the Survey 
 Department. 
 
 Residence. — Surv-ey of Indi.i, Calcutta. 
 
 YWANGAN, MAUNG THU DAW, Ngwegiinhmu of. 
 
 A Ruling Chief. 
 
 The Ngwegunhmu is Chief of one of the Shan States, Burma. The area 
 of his State is about 100 square miles; its population consists chiefly of 
 Shans. 
 
 Residence. — Ywangan, Shan States, Burma. 
 
 ZAFAR HUSAIN KHAN (of Farukhabad), Nawdb. 
 
 Born 1840; succccdcil his father, the late Nawdb Tajammul Husain 
 Khdn, in 1858. lielongs to a Bangash I'athdn family, said to have come 
 originally from Kohdt. The first well-known ancestor was Muhammad 
 Khdn, the founder of Farukhabad, whose father, Ain Khdn, of the Kdghzai 
 Karldni clan, settled at Mau Rashidabad (Kaimganj), in Farukhabad, in the 
 reign of the Emperor Aurangzeb, 1658-1707, and took service in the cavalry. 
 In the action which placed the Emperor Farukhsiyar on the throne, fought 
 between Farukhsiyar and Jahanddr Shdh near Agra, in January 1713, 
 .Muhammad Khdn rendered the greatest service to Farukhsiyar, who rewarded 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 581 
 
 him with the dignity of a Char JIasdri, with the title of Nawab, and gave him 
 m jdgir Kalpi, Kunch, Sipri, Jalaun, etc. In 17 14 he founded the town of 
 Farukhabad, caUing it after the Emperor. Afterwards, when the Emperor 
 Muhammad Shah had put down the Sayyids in 1720, he still more richly 
 rewarded Muhammad Khan, and gave him the title of Ghazanfar Jang, with 
 many other honours, and \.\\& jdgir of Bhojpur and Shamsabad. In 1720-24 
 Muhammad Khan received the appointment of Governor of the Allahabad 
 Provinces, and was directed by the Emperor to rescue Bundelkhand from the 
 usurping Bundelas. In 1729 he was besieged by the Mahrattas in Jaitpur, 
 the garrison was reduced to the direst extremities, and he was compelled 
 to bind himself never again to invade Bundelkhand. In 1743 he died, at 
 the advanced age of eighty years, and was buried at Nekpur Khurd of Pargana 
 Pahara. To the fiefs of Shamsabad and Bhojpur, which he held by Imperial 
 grant, he had added, by title of the sword, the rest of the district, the 
 western half of Cawnpore, the whole of Mainpuri, nearly the whole of Etah, 
 two Parganas of Budaun, one of Shahjahanpur, and parts of Aligarh and 
 Etawah. 
 
 Kaim Khan, entitled Kaim-i-Jang, succeeded his father without opposi- 
 tion. He was a splendid horseman and a brilliant performer with the lance. 
 Safdar Jang, Viceroy of Oudh, looked on all Pathans, whether Bangash or 
 Rohilla, as his rivals. He promised Kaim that if he ejected the Rohillas, 
 he should be appointed Governor of all Rohilkhand. At the same time the 
 Vazir covertly encouraged the Rohillas to resistance. A large force set out 
 from Farukhabad and arrived opposite the entrenched camp of the Rohillas 
 at Daunri, near Budaun, on the 21st November 1748. The battle began 
 next morning, and resulted in the defeat of the Bangashes and the death of 
 Kaim Khan. Imam Khan, brother of Kaim, succeeded, but was treacher- 
 ously dispossessed of the Farukhabad territory by the Vazir after a few 
 months. Ahmad Khan, second son of Muhammad, headed a movement to 
 restore the fortunes of the family ; he defeated at Khudaganj and killed the 
 usurping Governor of Farukhabad, who had been appointed by Safdar, and 
 gained a victory over Safdar himself in Etah. The territory from Koil to 
 Cawnpore was taken possession of, and arrangements were made for occupy- 
 ing the whole of Oudh. Ahmad next besieged Allahabad, and established 
 his headquarters at Jhansi. Safdar Jang meanwhile called in the aid of the 
 Mahrattas, and Ahmad marched to Farukhabad to oppose them. He 
 entrenched himself in the fort of Fatehgarh, and summoned the Rohillas 
 to his assistance ; the Rohillas on their arrival were defeated by the 
 Mahrattas, which compelled Ahmad to evacuate Fatehgarh. He fled to 
 Aonla, and subsequently to Chilkiya, where he was besieged by the Mahrattas. 
 Eventually a peace was concluded, Ahmad Khan alienating half his territory 
 in payment of the expenses of the campaign. After the defeat of the 
 Mahrattas at Panipat in 1761, Ahmad Khan recovered most of the territory 
 of which he had been deprived. He died in 1771, and was succeeded by 
 his son, Muzaffar Jang, a boy thirteen years old. About this time the 
 Bangash territory became tributary to the Oudh Power. Shuja-ud-daula 
 began to receive 4^ lakhs per annum, which was assi.L;ned for part payment 
 of the contingent of British troops stationed at Fatehgarh. Muzaflar Jang 
 died in 1796, poisoned by his eldest son, and was succeeded by his second 
 son, Imdad Husain, Nasir Jang. He was a mere puppet under the control 
 of his uncle, Amin-ud-daula. In 1801 the tribute of ^h lakhs hitherto paid 
 
582 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 by Farukhabad to Oudh had been ceded by the Nawdb Vazir to the British, 
 and Imdad resolved that his domains should follow the tribute. At Bareilly, 
 on the 4th June 1802, was signed a treaty by which the Nawdb ceded his 
 country in return for a yearly allowance of Rs. 1,08,000 to himself and his 
 dependants. Nasir Jang, the last ruling prince of his house, died in 18 13, 
 and was succeeded in his honours and estates by his son, Khddim Husain, 
 who bore the title of Shaukat-i-Jang, and was then ten years old. He died 
 in 1823, and was succeeded by his son, Tajanimul Husain, a baby not a year 
 old. But this Tajanimul Husain died childless in his twenty-fourth year 
 (1846), and was succeeded by his cousin, Tafazzul Husain. On the outbreak 
 of the rebellion, Tafazzul Husain was enthroned on the cushion of his fore- 
 fathers by the mutinous loth Native Infantry stationed at Faiehgarh, and 
 after the massacre of the Europeans the formation of a native Government 
 was taken in hand, which lasted for seven months. When the British 
 reoccupied Fatehgarh in January 1858, the Nawab fled to Bareilly, but soon 
 surrendered himself He was attainteii for treason, and deported to Mecca. 
 The estates then reverted to the father of the present Nawdb, Tajammul 
 Husain Khan. The present Nawdb has a son and heir, Sultan Husain 
 Khan, born 1874. 
 
 Residence. — Farukhabad, North-Wcstem Provinces. 
 
 ZAHID HUSAIN, SAYTID, Khan Bahddur. 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 1st January 1890. 
 Residence. — Muzaffamagar, Norlh-Westem Provinces. 
 
 ZAIGHAM-UD-DAULA, Nmudb. 
 
 The title is a courtesy title, in recognition of his position as the second 
 son of Nawdb Ali Naki Khdn, Prime Minister of the late King of Oudh. 
 
 Residence. — Lucknow, Oudh. 
 
 ZAIN-UD-DIN, MAULAVI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 The Khan Bahddur was for many years a Judge in the North-Western 
 Provinces, and for his good services in that capacity received the title, as a 
 personal distinction, on 25th May 1892. 
 
 Residence. — North-Westcm Provinces. 
 
 ZAIN-UL-ABADIN, SAYYID, iVaivdb Bahddur. 
 
 Born 8th December 1838. The Nawdb Bahddur received his title, as a 
 personal distinction, on 5ih June 1S67, in recognition of his jiosition as 
 great-grandson of the Nawdb Nd/.im Mubdrah-ud-dauld, the youngest son of 
 the Nawdb Nd/.im Mir Muhammad Jdfar Ali Khdn, and also as son-in-law 
 of His late Highness the Nawdb Nd/.im. His grandfather was Mir Abul 
 Kdsim, second son of the Nawdb Nazini, who received from his father the 
 title of Nawdb Mangli. His father was Safdar Ali, who received a title from 
 the British Government. The Nawdb Bahddur's full title is " Shuja-ul-Mulk 
 Asaf-ud-dauld Nawdb . . . Khdn Bahadur Firoz Jang." 
 
 Residence. — Murshidabnd, Bengal. 
 
THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 5S3 
 
 ZAKA-ULLAH, MAULAVI, Shams-ul-Ulama, Khan Bahadur. 
 
 Born April 1832. The title of Shams-ul-Ulama was conferred on i6th 
 February 1887, as a personal distinction, for eminence in oriental learning, 
 on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty ; 
 it entitles him to take rank in Darbar immediately after titular Nawabs. 
 The Maulavi's ancestors were for four or five generations tutors and pre- 
 ceptors of the Royal House of Tamerlane at Delhi. He served Government 
 from 1S51 to 1S87 in the Educational Department. In recognition of his 
 services in the cause of female education the Maulavi received a khilat in 
 1864. He has published several excellent series of scientific works, which 
 have been commended by Government, and is Fellow of Allahabad University. 
 In addition to the title of Shams-ul-Ulama he enjoys the tide of Khan 
 Bahadur, conferred also in February 1887. 
 
 Residence. — Aligarh, North-Westem Provinces. 
 
 ZAMAN KHAN, Sarddr Bahadur. 
 
 The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 21st November 
 1882, in recognition of his eminent military services. The Sardar Bahadur 
 is Subahdar-Major of the 29th Bombay Native Infantry. 
 
 Residence. — Bombay. 
 
 ZEB-UN-NISA (of JaMngirabad), Rdni. 
 
 Born 28th October 1855 ; succeeded her father, the late Raja Farzand 
 Ali Khan, 7th April 18S1. The title of Raja was conferred on the latter by 
 the late King of Oudh, Wajid Ali Shah, and has been recognised as hereditary 
 by the British Government. The estate of Jahangirabad belonged to Raja 
 Razak Bakhsh, who, dying without male heir, left it to his son-in-law, the 
 late Farzand Ali Khan. Farzand Ali was the darogah in charge of the 
 Sikandra Bagh at Lucknow, and owed his success in life to a fortuitous 
 circumstance about three years before the annexation. King Wajid Ali Shah, 
 on visiting the garden, was struck with the appearance of the young man, and 
 presenting him with a khilat, directed him to attend at the palace. With 
 such a signal mark of the royal favour Farzand All's advancement was rapid, 
 and by the interest of the influential eunuch, Basis-ud-daula, he eventually 
 obtained a firman designating him the Raja of Jahangirabad. Farzand 
 Ali Khan was attached to the Court of the late King, and followed him in 
 1856, after his deposition, to Calcutta, where he remained for some time. 
 He was not prominent during the Mutiny, and early made his submission. 
 In i860 he was invested with the powers of an Assistant Collector within the 
 limits of his estate. 
 
 Raja Farzand Ali Khan had no male issue ; and his daughter. Rani 
 Zeb-un-Nisa, has married Sheikh Tasadduk Rasul Khan, who succeeded his 
 father-in-law and uncle as talukdar, and was created a Raja (as a personal 
 distinction) on 2nd January 1893. 
 
 Residence. — Jahdngirabad, Nawdbganj Pargand, Bara Banki District, Oudh. 
 
584 THE GOLDEN BOOK OF INDIA 
 
 ZIA-UD-DIN KHAN, MAULAVI, Khdii, Shams-ul-Ulama. 
 
 The title of Khdn was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 20th May 
 1870, and that of Shams-ul-Ulama, for his eminence in oriental learning, on 
 1 6th February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of Her Majesty's reign. 
 The latter honour entitles him to take rank in Darbar immediately after 
 titular Nawibs. He is the grandson of the late Nawdb Shaikh (Ihulam 
 Hasan Khan, Jdgirtidr of Basi. In addition to his Arabic scholarship, 
 which is of the very highest order, he is a profound mathematician, and has 
 a considerable knowledge of physical science. He has been appointed an 
 Extra Assistant Commissioner. He has three sons — Anwar-ud-din Khan, 
 Munawar-ud-din Khan, and Ncisar-ud-din Khan. 
 
 Residence. — Delhi, Punjab. 
 
 ZTJHR-UD-DIN AHMAD, HAJI, Khdn Bahddur. 
 
 Born 1 84 1. The title was conferred, as a personal distinction, on 3rd 
 March 1876, in recognition of his position as son-in-law of the Nawdb 
 Ghausia Begam {q.v.). 
 
 Residence. — M ad ras. 
 
 THE END 
 
 rrinttd l-y K. & R. Clark, Edlnhur^k. 
 
■PBHW 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 BERKELEY 
 
 Return to desk from which borrowed. 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
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