THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES LA' /*- 7 2 : V tK fe ' ' / -f ) < / fj I -~-t,"--ft / THE REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. A COMPLETE TEXT-BOOK OF AMERICAN PHONOGRAPHY. TO WHICH 18 ADDED A SERIES OF LESSONS ON AMANUENSIS. SPEECH, LEGISLATIVE, AND .LAW REPORTING. BY ELDON MORAN, PRINCIPAL INSTRUCTOR STATE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA SCHOOL OP SHORT-HAND, AXJt LATE OFFICIAL STENOGRAPHER FOR THE COURTS AT INDIANAPOLIS, IND. DESIGNED FOR USF IN SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES, AND IN CONNECTION WITH THE AUTHOR'S I'ERFECTED METHOD OF POSTAL INSTRUCTION. FIFTH EDITION. ST. LOUIS: CHRISTIAN PUBLISHING COMPANY. 1887. COPYRIGHT, 1884, BY ELDON MORAN ALL BIGHTS RESERVED. PREFACE. To impart practical instruction in the Reporting Style of the American Pitman Phonography, the system now employed by most professional reporters, is the aim of this work. The Corresponding Style, which cannot be made a substitute for long-hand, and serves no end not better met by the briefer method, is for these reasons discarded. Heretofore the only accessible way to the Reporting HP Style has been through the Corresponding, a circuitous route, LU requiring much needless time and labor. This treatise is designed >_ as a school and college text-book, and is well adapted to self- c instruction. It is also the basis of the Author's mode of teaching by mail, known as the Perfected Method of Postal Stenography. The best results of his twelve years experience as verbatim reporter and teacher are embraced herein. Printed in separate sheets, these !* lessons have been used for the past three years in giving instruction ** to large classes in the State University of Iowa School of Short- ^ Hand. The advantages of omitting the Corresponding Style, and requiring speed in writing from the first, have been fully demon- ^. strated in this Institution, students in some instances having taken h secretaryships in eleven weeks from the date of entry. The t_ names of a few of the stenographers who became qualified in this way will be found at the close of the book. An important feature is the series of lessons on professional report- ing, nothing similar to which is to be found in any other instruction book whatever. These explain the forms and methods made use of in amanuensis, convention, legislative, and law reporting, with- (iii) iV PKKKACK. out a knowledge of which the art is quite unavailable as a business. A vocabulary of all the word and phrase signs in common use is appended. Those who have not the assistance of a teacher, and are desirous of progressing rapidly, will be enabled to do so by pro- curing instruction by mail. The first lessons are furnished gratuitously to those wishing to test the efficiency of this method. To all those young men and women who have the courage to undertake, and perseverance to master this truly beautiful art, the present work is inscribed with the sincere wish that it may render them genuine service. Finally, to his kind assistants, by whose careful labors he has profited much, are tendered the grateful acknowledgments of THE AUTHOR. Stenographic Supply Agency, \ Iowa City, Ja., September, 1881. ) NOTE TO THE FOURTH EDITION. A number of brief paragraphs, containing practical hints and direc- tions, are added to several of the lessons lu this edition. The portions quoted are taken from a recent work, entitled, " One Hundred Valuable Suggestions to Short-hand Students," by Selby A. Moran, of the Steno- graphic Institute, Michigan University. E. M. August, 1W6. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION I. CONSONANT ALPHABET IST SEC. II. " " 2ND SEC. . III. WORD-SIGNS IV. RAY, AND PHRASEOGRAPHY V. LONG VOWELS ...... VI. DIPHTHONGS AND THE S-CIRCLE VII. SHORT VOWELS VIII. CONSONANT POSITION .... IX. S-CIRCLE JUNCTIONS .... X. PHRASEOGRAPHY XI. SEZ-CIRCLE, EMP, AND COALESCENTS XII. DOUBLE CONSONANTS THE L-HooK XIII. THE R-HOOK SERIES IST SEC. XIV. " " " 2ND SEC. XV. TRIPLE CONSONANTS ; XVI. THE REL-HOOK, AND THE ASPIRATE TICK DOT XVII. THE W-HOOK . ... XVIII. THE F-HOOK XIX. THE N-HooK SERIES IST SEC. XX. " " " 2ND SEC. XXI. THE SHUN-HOOK XXII. THE S-SnuN AND INITIAL N HOOKS . XXIII. THE ST AND STR LOOPS (5) 69 71 74 77 79 82 85 CONTENTS. LESSON. XXIV. TH**: LENGTHENED CURVE XXV. THE HALVING PRINCIPLE XXVI. " " " XXVII. " " " CONSONANTS 91 93 ADDED D . 96 SHORTENED DOUBLE 100 XXVIII. THE HALVING PRINCIPLE SHORTENED FINAL- HOOK CONSONANTS . . . 103 XXIX. THE HALVING PRINCIPLE SHORTENED LIQUIDS 107 XXX. INTERVOCALIZATION . XXXI. PREFIXES XXXII. AFFIXES XXXIII. EXPEDIENTS AND PUNCTUATION XXXIV. GENERAL PRINCIPLES XXXV. PROPER NAMES XXXVI. SPECIAL RULES XXXVII. AMANUENSIS REPORTING XXXVIII. " " CONTINUED XXXIX. SPEECH REPORTING . XL. CONVENTION REPORTING 110 113 117 119 122 125 127 130 134 139 143 XLI. LAW REPORTING CAPTION, QUESTION AND AN-. SWER 148 XLII. LAW REPORTING OBJECTIONS, RULINGS, AND EXCEPTIONS . XLIII. LAW REPORTING EXHIBITS AND INDICES . XLIV. " " TRANSCRIPTS XLV. " " PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT SUGGESTIONS VOCABULARY . VERBATIM REPORTING SPEED , NOTE TO THE THIRD EDITION INTRODUCTION. This Science is still much younger than many of its practitioners. The advancement made in a few decades is truly astonishing. But years of experiment and elabora'tion are still needed to thoroughly unify and complete the system. The physician's art, old as the race, continues to be enriched by discoveries, and the methods of instruction in its principles improved by the enlargement of hos- pitals, the increase of clinical facilities, and the publication of better illustrated and more methodic text books. But scientific short- hand is only in its infancy, and it would be sheer folly to disregard the suggestions of the ingenious minds assidiously at work in every corner of this field. The standard systems, so called, which admit of no modification, are fast falling into disuse. The notion given out by some, that further improvement is impossible or useless, is absurd. Development gradually goes on, and the method of teach- ing has been so far perfected that the skill which once demanded two years to gain, may now be acquired in four months. The method of instruction hen; employed is practical and pro- gressive. The principles of the system are taken up and explained in logical order, and tiie student directed how to apply them cor- rectly in the work of forming the characters rapidly and artistically. Two or three new principles only are introduced in a single lesson, and a list of words inserted which are to be written in accordance therewith. The words ciioscn for this purpose are those in common use. The drill which enables the student to write and read them with the required speed, fixes the characters firmly in his memory. This makes an extended vocabulary unnecessary, since an outline, once well learned, will be remembered. No word or phrase is introduced which the learner has not been fully directed how to write in the proper manner. It is a loss instead of gain to practice writing words not found in the regular lists, since in most cases Vili INTRODUCTION. the outlines will necessarily be formed incorrectly. The vantage.of attempting words too soon may be illustrated by an en- graving of the characters produced by successive trial to write Sep- tember : When two lessons only are learned, the first character will be produced; when six lessons are learned, the second character; eleven lessons, the third; thirteen lessons, the fourth; twenty-four lessons, the fifth; and twenty-five lessons, the sixth. The last only is correct. The practice of representing this word by five different and erroneous outlines, makes it the more difficult afterwards to impress the right one upon the mind; and when the word is to be written, the reporter is confused and bewildered by the jumble of forms his recollection calls up. It has been the aim in preparing this work to entire]}' do away all cause for the criticism justly pass- ed on other instruction books, that words and phrases were intro- duced merely for the student's practice, and written in a dozen erroneous ways before the proper outlines were taught. The Reporting Fi<:ld. Although this art was originally devised as a means of preserving, word for word, the speeches of great orators, and the proceedings of legislatures and courts, it has been found far more valuable as a means of expediting commercial transactions. While the services of an expert reporter are always in demand, there are at present more frequent calls for secretaries who are able to write with a moderate degree of speed only. The verbatim stenographer inu-t be able to write one hundred and sev- enty-live to two hundred words a minute, and it is his business to report speeches, ami record the proceedings of courts and the various kinds of public assemblies. His annual income ranges from one to four thousand dollars. Short-hand secretaries are em- ploved by all kinds of business houses, companies, and corporations; also, by authors, ministers, lawyers, and professional men gener- ally. Amanuenses must be able to write one hundred to one hun- dred and tifty word> a minute ; and they receive as compensation INTRODUCTION. Ix from sixty to one hundred and fifty dollars a month. Ladies are frequently employed in this capacity. There is a large and ever increasing demand for skilled short-hand writers. They succeed best who are gifted with mental quickness, and who have good memories, the kind especially which enables them to recognize old faces. These faculties, with perseverance, will enable any intelli- gent young person to acquire skill enough in a few months for amanuensis work. Experience shows that this art can be successfully learned by both old and young. Those receiving instruction at the University School of Short-hand range in age from twelve to fifty. Students who wish to perfect themselves in the shortest time possible, may do so by applying to the author, who will furnish personal instruction by mail, and assist them, when competent, in obtaining situations. Short-hand is not only valuable as a profession; it is equally use- ful as an accomplishment. No thinking man can afford to be with- out this rapid method of transferring his thoughts to paper. By means of it, first draughts of letters and articles are made, and notes of lectures, business transactions, and private memoranda recorded, much more fully and in but a fraction of the time other- wise required. Its great utility, both as a discipline and personal convenience, is abundantly attested by literary men of note who are skilled in its use. The learner must bear in mind at the outset, that short-hand is something practical, and that no matter how carefully the theory is studied, he will gain but little proficiency if he does not at the same time learn to form the characters quickly and well, and read his note** fluently. The common method of learning all the princi- ples before any effort is made at rapid writing, is but a waste of time. It is more difficult to execute than to memorize the charac- ters; hence, directions as to the work of getting up speed are given enrh' in the course. Those who intend making this art a business, should practice upon each exercise until it can be written in the tinu' specified. The skill gained in this way will be suffi- cient for ordinary amanuensis work. Some will rise above, and others, especially if under sixteen, will necessarily fall below the speed here indicated. X INTRODUCTION. Reading Practice. The amount of this that may be necessary win depend on yourself. If you read your own writing with difficulty, you should practice only so much the more. Those who emploj their time mainly in writing, with a view of gaining speed, produc- ing inaccurate and misshapen characters which they rarely attempt to read, may rest assured that they are making progress backward instead of forward. When all the list words of a single lesson have been carefully written, they should then be read over and over again, until the whole can be rendered in the time indicated by the following table : LESSON I. 1m. LESSON XII. 4Km. LESSON XXIII. 2m. II. 1m. XIII. 5m. " XXIV. 1m. " III. 3m. " XIV. 2Km. " XXV. 4m. IV. 2m. " XV. IKm. " XXVI. 5m. V. 5m. XVI. 2m. " XXVII. 3m. " | VI. (jm. " XVII. Km. XXVIII. 4K VII. 4m. XVIII. %m. " XXIX. Km. " VIII. 3m. " XIX. 3m. " XXX. 4m. IX. 3m. 41 XX. 3!^m. " XXXI. 5m. ' X. 2m. " XXI. 4m. XXXII. Km. " XI. 2Km. XXII. IKm. LONG AND SHORT HAND COMPARED. One is written six times faster than the other; and there are six general principles by which the common method of writing is abbreviated, six steps, so to speak, in the ladder leading from the long up to the short-hand system. I. .4 li'tdT for a sound. In di.nujh but two sounds are heard, those of d and <>; nevertheless live letters, d-o-u-g-h, are employed to express them. In short-hand but two letters are required, one for each sound, thus |- dnurjli. II. -1 xini/li' xtrokr. for a letter. The long-hand e/ is written with five strokes of the pen, while the short-hand | d requires but one; the long-hand ^ requires four strokes, the short-hand - o but one. INTRODUCTION. Xl III. Omission of vowels. In short-hand, much less than one per cent, of the vowels are actually written, but a number sufficient to secure legibility are indicated by the manner of writing the con- sonant signs. The consonant elements of a word maybe expressed by several different outlines, the particular one selected being de- termined by the number of vowels contained, and the order in which they occur. Hence, in reading short-hand, it becomes an easy matter to supply those vowels upon which the choice of the char- acters made use of directly depended. Each of the following char- acters, for example, express the consonants s-p-r-t, being the same which occur in the corresponding words : Sprite, spirit, sprout, sprat, sport, separate, V ...VL ..; J> i.. support, ) Sparta, aspirate, asperity, sea-port. In sprite, sprout, sport, and Sparta, the vowels are written. Spirit and sprat, although written alike, are distinguished by the positions which they occupy with reference to the base line. The characters for the remaining words all differ from each other, the particular outline chosen in each case indicating the number and position of vowels to be supplied. Thus each character is rendered legible, although the consonants only are actually written. This principle may be illustrated in part by omitting the vowels from a printed sentence, which Mill nevertheless be found easily decipherable: G-d s--d 1-t th-r- b- 1-ght, -nd th-r- w-s 1-ght. IV. Tli' use <>f lirii'f v:nrd signs. A large number of abbrevia- tions are vised in long-hand, as Dec., U>., $, Dr., U. S., Hon., etc. Likewise in short-hand, brief characters, called word-signs, are em- ployed; e. g. which is siLrni1i< i d by the sign for , ch simply, think by the sign for { th, etc. These short-hand signs are provided for the most frequently recurring words only, as ^_ have., | before, (^ Will, ^-^ thing, hx, and 3 what, which is not true of long- hand abbreviations. Xli INTRODUCTION. V. Phraseography, or joining words together. In long-hand, the pen is lifted from the paper upon the completion of each word. In short-hand, from three to ten words are written before this is nec- essary; e. g.: It-is-better to-have-a lion at-the-head of-an-army of sheep { (,- ......... H ...... than-:t sheep at-the-head of-an-army of-lions VI. The use of expedients. The most frequently recurring phrases are represented by brief signs which express two or more of the principal words of each, thus: In-order-to, haiul-in-luuul, on-tlie-other-liand, from-tlme-to-tlmc, day-after-day. G EN E K A L 1 ) I KECTIONS . 1. Hold your pen in a position very nearly upright. 2. Always write- on ruled paper. 8. Use a short-nibbed pen with moderately sharp point. Gillott, Nos. 30;i and 4>i4 the E-terbrook school pen, and some JS'os. of the Spenceriau, are recommended. The pen with which you can pro- duce the most satisfactory work is the one best suited to your hand and style of writing. .Jet black, ca.-ily flowing ink should be used, and the bottle ki pi corked. Carter'-- koal black ink is recommended. 4. Read over at. lea^t once everything you write. 5. bo not aiio\v a day to pass without devoting some time to practice, if only a lew minutes. (I. Rigidly abstain from practicing on words and sentences not found in the le<>'ins which have been learned. 7. Ii is very important that you write the exercises as they are distinct Iv read to you. A fellow student, who has an interest in the work himsi-lf,will generally prove most serviceable for this purpose. The habit of \\riting by sound, that is, recording words that are INTRODUCTION. XU1 heard rather than merely seen, is simply indispensable to the student who intends using short-hand for reporting purposes. 8. About one-third of the time set apart for reading should be spent in translating exercises written one or two weeks previously. 9. In writing an exercise for the first time you should form the characters slowly. When you have executed the whole in a proper manner, copy it over and over again until you can write it at the specified rate of speed. 10. The learner cannot become too familiar with the manner of writing the words given in these lists, as they are always expressed by the same characters which here denote them. The word and phrase signs given in the vocabulary should be thoroughly learned. 11. The student should give especial attention to phraseography, as this important part of the system is often neglected. 12. Beginners commonly write the characters too large. The standard, one-sixth of an inch, should be as closely adhered to as possible. This size of writing can best be secured by making use of stenographic practice books such as are supplied by the Report- ers' Bureau. 13. When practicing, the note-book or paper should be held firm by placing the thumb and first fingers of the left hand one or two inches above the line of writing. 14. After thirty-six lessons are learned the student's practice need not be limited to the exercises here given, but easy news- paper articles, the prose part of school readers, printed collections of business letters, and published reports of law and convention proceedings, may be profitably used for this purpose. Great care should be taken to write each article properly the first time, and to rewrite it afterwards not less than three or four times with gradu- ally increased speed. 15. Carry a list of word and phrase signs, and a copy of your last written exercise, in your pocket, to read over and memorize at leisure moments. 1G. In making memoranda, or in corresponding with those who understand them, you should employ the short-hand characters as fast as learned. 17. You will find the study more interesting, and progress faster, XiV INTRODUCTION. by having a fellow student with whom to meet at stated times for practice. 18. Not only can a more lively interest in the work be kept up, but real advantage is gained, by students corresponding with each other in the stenographic characters. The author, when applied to, will be pleased to introduce those wishing to enter into such an arrangement DEFINITION OF TERMS. Stenography. A system of rapid writing; Short-hand. Phonography. Sound-writing; a phonetic system of Short-hand. Word-Sign. An abbreviated outline in which some of the consonants are omitted. Sign-Word. A word which is provided with a sign, or abbreviated out- line. Phraseograph. A character expressing more words than one, formed by writing a number of words without lifting the pen. Phrase-Sign. An abbreviated phraseograph. Phraseogram. An assemblage of words which are expressed by a phrase- sign. Consonant Stem. Any letter of the consonant alphabet, whether stan- dard length, shortened or lengthened. Adjunctive Sign. Any character or expedient, other than the letters of the alphabet, which is employed to express a consonant sound; e. g., the s-circle, n-hook, st-loop, emp, etc. Verbatim, Word for word. Notes. Matter written in Short-hand; Stenographic manuscript. List- Words. Series of words to be written according to the rules which just precede them. The list-words of some lessons are distributed into several paragraphs; e. ,<;., see lesson XI, sections 164, 166, 169, and 171. Speed Sentence. The sentence which is to be written a given number of times in so many minutes; e. g., see sec. 270. NOTE. The attention of the student is called to the explanation of our method of giving lessons by mail and of Instructing correspondence classes, found at the close of the book. THE REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. LESSON I. ! CONSONANT ALPHABET, SEC. x. 1. pe \ pit, lip. 2. be \ boat, tub. 3. te 4. de top, mat. do, sad. 6. chaj f choice, each. * Jay / joy, gem, edge. 7. kay 8. gay kite, lack. go, log. 2. Each of the short-hand letters here given represents an ele- mentary consonant sound, and has a force equivalent to the full- faced type in the corresponding words. Each is to be used when- ever, and only when, its particular sound is heard. The character \ pe, for example, signifies the breath sound of p in pie or ape, and is employed only when this occurs. It will be observed, how- ever, that this sound does not recur as frequently as the common or long-hand p. In sophist, for example, this element is not found, the long-hand p being taken with h to represent the force of /. In copper, this sound occurs but once, the first p being used merely to indicate that o is short. 3. In sound-writing, only as many letters are employed as there are distinct sounds heard; thus fo, foe, na, nay; lo, low; felo, fel- low; do, dough; fabl, fable; fonograf, phonograph; mikst, mixed; kwil, quill; hwen, when. There are no silent letters, as b in lamb; no unnecessary letters, as x and c, which could be dispensed with, x having the force as ks, as in tax, or of gz, as in example, and c that commonly of either s, as in face, or k, as in come ; sometimes (15) 16 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT -HAND. of sh, as in vicious. Hence the usual manner of spelling a word has nothing whatever to do in determining the way in which it is written in short-hand. 4. The characters which express the consonant sounds of a word, when written in the order in which they occur, are called its consonant delineation. For example, for take, te-kay is the delinea- tion; for jug, jay-gay; for keg, kay-gay; etc. 5. These, when joined or written together, are called a conso- nant outline, as in betake, or digit. This should be executed with- out lif.ing the pen from the paper, each successive letter being written in its proper direction, beginning where the preceding ends, thus, Book deck copy betake dig : t cook \^ L 77^ \ jug cage check dod^e jacket judge 6. The rule for placing outlines is that the jl-'xt descending letter should rest on the line. This requires that some letters be written one space above, as kay in copy, which is necessary in this case, in order that \ pe, the first downward letter, may rest upon it. 1 . Write each letter longer or shorter with reference to a lixed standard, which should not vary much from the sixth of an inch. Assuming te to be the standard, all other vertical letters should be the same heitrh t . Kay, al -o, should be the same length, and other horizontal consonants should occupy an equal space along the lino. All slantimr letters are written the same height as te, their length depending on the degree of inclination. 8. The. side of a square in the stenographic practice book is one- sixth of an inch. Tiie proper length for letters is secured by writing each only as long ; ; the square will allow, as shown by the figure : CONSONANT ALPHABET. 17 9. CAUTION. The student is apt, at first, to incline te and de somewhat to the right, and to give too little slant to inclined letters. This fault may be overcome by writing te, and other upright letlers, so as to correspond with the vertical lines in the practice book; also, by writing pe, chay, and other slanting letters in such a man- ner as to extend diagonally across the square. 10. The first six letters are always written down ward; but hori- zontal letters, as kay and gay, are executed from left to right. 11. Give each letter its proper attitude, as follows: | te and | de, vertical ; \ pe and \^ be, right slant; / chay and / jay, left slant, at an angle of forty-five degrees with the horizontal. Care should be taken to make the light letters thin as possible, and the heavy ones thick enough only to be readily distinguished from the light. 12. Each letter, when standing alone, should rest on the line. 13. The pen should be held between the thumb and first and second fingers, not far from the nib, and in a nearly upright posi- tion, as shown in the first figure. The practical stenographer will, however, derive rest from an occasional change to the position shown in the second figure . 14. Copy Sec. 1 of the alphabet forty to fifty times, or until you can make every character accurately soon as read to you. 15. The student will observe that several different words may have the same outline, as te-kay for both take and took, gay-de for guide and giddy, be-gay for big and beg. But this is merely acci- dental, and no ambiguity results from it. In the sentence, for in- stance, "Those \. boys\^ bread" the context enables the 2 18 REPORTING STYLK OF SHORT-HAND. reader to determine when this character signifies big and \\hen beg. Here be-gay denotes first an adjective, then a verb; and it is a rule that the same character may represent two or more different parts of speech without danger of ambiguity. EXERCISE 1. 16. Write the consonant outlines for the following v/ords : Take, deck, pick, check, keep, took, deep, guide, dog, jug, do, pay, up, it, be, go, cage, ditch, pig, budge, dodge, pitch, judge, page, betake, bedeck, touch, copy, pity, abate, abode, giddy, body, edit, book, deputy, jacket, pocket, bucket, ducat. (Twice in 3 min.) LESSON II. CONSONANT ALPHABET, SEC. 2. 17. 9. ef V__ fan, laugb, physic. 10. ve V vine, love. 11. ith i think, both. 12. the ( them, soothe. 13. es "\ so, face. 14. ze } zeal, was. 15. ish _^J shall, vicious. 16. zhe _J seizure, pleasure. c 18. Table showing directions in which all the alphabetic letters are to be written: Downward : \ \ / / To the right: <~ ^ **-s - 17. lay ( light, bell. 18. ar \ arm, furrow. 19. em >" > me, him. 20. en > 's no, in. 21. ing ^_, ing:, ink. 22. way ^ woe, away. 23. yea X^ your. 24. hay / he. ( ( J ) J J " Upward: (~ CONSONANT ALPH.VBKT. 19 19. Straight letters should be made without crook or curvature. Curves should be bent uniformly throughout, aud the thickened ones allowed to taper at the extremities. 20. The student should spend at least fifteen minutes a day for one or two weeks in the oral outlining of words. Beginning with any list found in this book, first pronounce the word aloud, and then name the letters in the order, which, if written, would consti- tute its consonant delineation. Thus, system would be spelled, es-es-te-em; short-hand, ish-ar-te-hay-en-de; stenography, es-te- en-gay-ar-ef ; tax, te-kay-es; example, gay-ze-em-pe-lay; quill, kay- way-lay; white, hay-way-te; erasure, ar-zhe-ar. 21. Short-hand is very different from a mere abbreviated long- hand. In writing it you should not attempt to spell out words, as you do in long-hand, but simply write the consonant sounds that are actually heard. In lodge (lay- jay), for example, there is no de ; in bell (be-lay) , there is but one lay ; in arrow, but one ar. Final y is never yea, but always a vowel. (Vowels will be explained in a subsequent lesson.) 22. In common long-hand an elementary sound is sometimes represented by one letter and sometimes by another; as, for exam- ple, the force of f is also given to ph. But in short-hand each distinct sound is provided with a separate character, which always denotes that particular sound, and can never denote any other. 23. The perfect adaptation of the written characters to the sounds which they express is shown in part by the following exam- ples : The two similar and cognate sounds, \ pe and >y be, are denoted by two similar characters, the aspirate pe being appropri- ately expressed by a light, and the subvocal be by a shaded, stroke. Be differs from pe only in point of shade, which is sufficient dis- tinction, since, should pe be shaded too much, or be too little, no uncertainty of meaning would result; e. g., the sentence, "It is pest to bay as you go," is of no doubtful signification. The same principle applies in the case of each other pair of cognates: te and de, kay and gay, ef and ve, etc. Also, observe that the exploclents are appropriately expressed by straight letters, while the continu- ents and liquids are indicated by curves. 24. Copy Sec. 2 of the alphabet many times, until you can 20 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAXD. write all the characters readily at dictation. Then practice on the entire alphabet until you can write all the letters in proper order from memory. 25. Words whose outlines are horizontal, as make (em-kay), or mimic (em-em -kay), should be written on the line. 26. EXERCISE 2. hotel bank deluge anthem demolish behead Chicago Louisiana. Arm, mail, neck, early, fail, daily, bill, being, bell, lay, may, no, show, own, say, so, way, became, came, deluge, demolish, avenge, mimic, money, name, thick, wake, picnic, polish, shame, among, ask, death. Ascending letters, when initial, should begin on the line : Lady, love, head, heavy, lake, alarm, also, length, long, live. (2 min) . LESSON III. WORD-SIGNS. Lay el ish shay hay (not thus) Alabama behead duet keg annul period anatomy nothing asylum fail gypsy ink thumb Asiatic bishop 27. Proper names are underscored with a double dash, as in Alnbarnn. 28. The initial tick of hay should be written in a horizontal position, and not allowed to incline in such a manner as to form a WORD-SIGNS. 21 hook. It is sometimes inconvenient to write this tick when hay is medial. In such cases it is indicated merely, by retracing the pre- ceding letter, as in behead. 29. Such words as duet and keg are written with a single stroke of the pen, and should taper or thicken gradually. 30. The liquid I is sometimes written downward, and is then called el to distinguish it from lay (upward). Ish, when struck upward, is called shay. The student should always use lay and ish, unless el or shay is specified- 31. One of the purposes in sometimes using el instead of lay, and shay instead of ish, is to secure better angles at their junctures with other letters. The legibility of an outline depends to a large extent upon its angularity. For this reason, a distinct angle should be made in joining ith and ef, of and en, ith and ing, as in nothing, and other letters making similar junctions. 32. The participial ending, i-n-g, is denoted by the consonant ^_^ing. 33. Bern. Legibility in short-hand is even more important than speed ; for of what consequence is rapid writing, if the char- acters cannot afterwards be read? Legibility depends in part upon the accurate formation of the characters ; but in order that a char- acter may be formed accurately, it is not necessary to write it slow- ly; on the contrary, experienced stenographers produce the more perfect outlines with -i somewhat rapid movement, just as an ornamental penman executes the most graceful curve or flourish with a quick stroke, rather than by tediously drawing it. The stu- dent should learn from the first to write the characters rather than draw them. It is a loss instead of gain to continue forming them slowly in order to secure mathematical precision. 34. The learner's method should be, to write a given word slowly several times, until its outline is well fixed in the mind; then write it rapidly, and continue doing so until it can be formed both accurately and quickly. EXERCISE 3. 35. Wait, botany, bulk, behead, bar, damage,, depth, deviate, dialogue, effect, efficacy, ettigy, epitome, error, escape, wade, fare, 22 REPORTING STYLE OF SHOUT-HAND. farm, obviate, remedy, policy, agency, apology, milk, army, eclectic, delay, am, waking, embody, engage;, enough, envy, image, inch, in- demnify, inform, ingenuity, intimacy, unto, invoke, involve, shape, know, month, nominate, nothing, comic, shadow, share, adore, allopathy, arc, assassin, asylum, azure, bachelor, baggage, bath, below, beneath, betime, both, buffalo, colleague, cab, cabbage, chaos, delay, demagogue, detach, detail, dialect, dig, dilemma, dish, dogma, effeminate, enigma, dull, epidemic, aesthetic, fair, far, fel- low, fetch, flsh, gash, gum, gush, gypsy, hack, hedge, hitch, honey, hook, hush, infect, ink, lavish, levity, link, lodge, log, monk, omit, pair, pang, pathetic, ramify, remove, shake, sham, shove, going, tank, thief, thumb, tick, timid, top, topic, vacate, fatigue, Anthony, Jacob, Lewis, Matthew, Timothy, Fanny, Lilly, Lucy, Dakota, Dick, Jack, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Asiatic. Using shay (up- ward), bishop; using el (downward), along, denial, vowel, manual, annul. (5 in.) 36. A large number of the commonest words are indicated by brief characters, called Word-siynx. These are merely abbreviated forms expressing one or more of the .principal sounds of the words they are used to represent, as in long-hand are the abbreviations Rev., A. D., P. M., Co., Ans., etc. These are not arbitrary charac- ters, but; express some of the- leading consonant or vowel sounds of the words for which they st:uul. 37. Word-signs: which, come, \ for, V have, ( they, ) / \ was, ^) shall, J usual-ly, (" will, , -,lrim, [ your, __ together, think, \ object. Advantage language s change ..f....^rS., he help never 38. The wonl-^igns cannot be too thoroughly committed to memory, since t.he wonl< they represent are those which recur the most frequently. Remember always to use the proper word-sign, PHHA8EOGRAPHY. 23 and not the full outline, whenever any sign-word occurs; e. g. use kay, never kay-em, for come; chay, not hay-way-chay, for which. 39. Write : Will your big hack fetch my bulky baggage ? (6 times in 1m.) 40. TRANSLATE. REMARK. The engraving in this work is not perfect, particularly as to shading. A number of the light lines are too heavy. This, however, is not a serious fault; the same variance from an exact standard character- izes all actual reporting notes. The pupil may find the exercise a little more difficult to translate, but the training will be appreciated when, in after years, it becomes his duty to decipher characters which have been formed at verbatim speed. SUGGESTION. In learning lists a good plan is to write the words in a column at the left margin of a sheet of practice paper, afterwards filling each line by writing the word over and over rapidly. Always carry in your pocket some Short-hand book, manuscript or exercise to read at leisure moments, while traveling, waiting for cars or steamboats, for lazy people to keep appointments, or whenever an opportunity for a few min- utes study may be had. The sign-book is suitable for this purpose. REPORTING STYLE OK SHORT-HAND. LESSON IV. RAY (or upward R), AND PHRASEOGRAPHY 41. Arc wrecfe ferry forehead tyranny are-inany he-has-no will-you-cnme ue-may-think 42. For the purpose of securing greater speed, angularity of outline, and also to prevent the too great downward tendency of many words, the liquid 11 is also written with an upward stroke, called Kay. This character is precisely like hay with the initial tick omitted. 43. The student should use ray in all cases where ar is not specified. 44. Using ray, write: King, road, revive, reveal, revenue, tvady, repeal, rash, rate, range, wreck, wrong, abhor, apothecary, v birth, bureau, arrive, earth, heretic, march, mark, marry, marriage, married, memorial (el), merry, admire, memory, mirror, narrow, notary, period, perish, rare, rarify, injury, theory, thorough, torna- do, tyranny, variety, victory, hurry, ferry, poetry, Ari/ona, dare, allegory (el), arch, arduous, burial (el), bury, carry, cherry, cohere, forehead, forge, h:ir. lli 'ii,. Kay is more quickly written, and much oftener used than ar, and it.-., employment more frequently secures angularity of out line. 4(>. Ar is always used before em, never before f e or de, and rarely after kay. \\hiie ray is used after em, and before en and ing. 47. In be'/i iiiiuu' an outline, it is evident that either ar or ray PHRASEOGKAPI1Y. 25 makes a distinct angle by junction with a following kay or gay. The choice in such cases is determined in favor of ar by the fact of a preceding vowel, as in arc ; but in the absence of such vowel, ray is used, as in icreck. Ray is employed, when final, if followed by a vowel, as in ferry. 48. WORD-SIGNS. In, any that is, his as, has notwithstanding rather g /\^ / ^/ \ represent-nd regular ^^^^^ j irrejrular. argue legible ( J_ {^~ illeeible / perform magnanimous New York republic _..__ peculiar-ity PHRASEOGRAPHY. 49. In short-hand, two or more commonly recurring words are often written together, without the pen being lifted from the pa- per. An assi'inbH.tre of words which ina v be thus joined, is called a 26 KEPOKTING STYLE OK SHOKT-HXXD. phraseogram, and the character which expresses them, a phraseo- graph. Much speed is gained by phrasing, with no sacrifice of legibility. 60. PHRASEOGRAPHS. I-say * 1 I-gulde I T-m I-do he-became > . / ^ ' he-will you-wtll <> ^'Ss^v' you-know 51. In phraseography, only half the sign for I is commonly written, whichever "tick" makes the best angle with the word to which it is joined; e. g ., in I-yuide, the downward stroke is used; but when the second tick is employed, it is invariably struck upward, as in I-do. With es, y.e, ish, and zhe, the whole sign for I should be written, as in 7-sa//. 52. Tin; si u;n for 7, when standing alone, or when it begins a phraseograph, is always written above the line, and the words com- bined with it must adapt themselves to its position. E. g., I-am is written above the line, although am, when it stands alone, is placed upon it. 53. Jf'-, in phraseography, is indicated by a tick precisely like the second stroke of the siirn for /, excepting that it is ahcan struck downward, &* in >:>->,>((! me. 54. When ihis stroke doe> not make an angle with the following word, Ao may be expressed by the joined hay, written half its usual length, as in li<'-]6. The si^n for >/n>< is inverted in phraseography, when ueccs- sarv to secure n n'ood anu'le, as in tjnit-know PHKASEOGKAPHY. 27 57. Are is expressed by ar instead of ray t when angularity re- quires, as in are-many. EXERCISE 4. 68. Join the words connected by a hyphen. I-think, you-are, I-am-going, he-will-be, hc-has-no, you-will-have-them, he-may- arrive, I-abhor, I-perish, I-delay, you-represent, do-you-have, will-you-come. 1. He-may-think he-is-wrong. 2. Are-you-ready? 3. I-am- hurrying notwithstanding your delay. 4. I-am-going-into New- York. 5. He-will argue it. 6. I-shall reform-them. 7. I-think he-will-be popular enough as deputy. 8. I-say Tom will-do nothing for-them. 9. I-will-iiiform-you that-it-may-do for-March, never for-November. 10. His daily income will-make-him rich enough. 11. I- judge that Theodore will go-up into Dakota, Wyoming, especially Nevada. 12. Amoug-so-many, your book will-have-no advantage. 13. Ezra Barrett is rather peculiar. 14. They-may-never do-so. 15. Darius will-never-march any reg- ular army into Arizoua. 16. As-you-may know, his help, as-usual, is efficient. (4 m.) 59. Will-you-keep-your November-magazine for Mark Mere- dith ? (4 times in 1 in.) 60. TRANSLATE .a 61. REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. LESSON V. LONG VOWELS. SCALE. e in me "* aw in law o " make ~" o " op a " father oo boot 1 ok i | ant key hoe peak coach park pshaw 62. The six long vowels are denoted by a shaded dot and dash, placed beside the consonant siirns at three different points, called the .///>/, .-n-nnii and tiiird vowel places, being respectively at the beiiiniiing, middle, and end of the consonant stem. The long sound of c is expressed by placing the large dot in the first place, or at tlie begiiniiiiii of the consonant, as in cat or key; the sound of o, by writing the dash in the tc.cohd place, or at the middle of the letter, as in auk. 63. These are denominated firxt, second, and third place vowels, according as they occupy the first, second, or third vowel positions. LONG VOWELS. 29 64. Vowels placed above the horizontal, or at the left of the upright and slanting signs, are read before them, as in oak and eat. When placed below, or at the right of them, they are read after- ward, as in key and hoe. , 65 . Dash vowels should invariably be written perpendicularly to the consonants beside which they are placed, as in oak and rare. 66. A word is said to be vocalized when the vowel signs are add- ed to its outline. The Nominal Consonant is any letter, as te or chay, cancelled, its office being simply to indicate position, when words having no consonant are to be written, as ah and awe. 67. Vocalize: Eat, ate, tea', toe, ace, saw, sea, low, oaf, foe, oak, ache, key, coo, gay, aid, dough, awl, ale, lea, ape, Poe, paw, Joe, shoe, eve, thaw, pshaw, jaw, fee, aim, ma, woe, hoe, gnaw, knee, nay, Esau, row, raw, oar, em, ado, age, ah, aught, awe, bay, bee, fee, hay, Jew, low, oat, ode, stjw, sue. 68. In the following words the vowel occurs between two con- sonants, and should be placed beside the tirst, as in peak and coach. First place vowels : Beat, cheek, chalk, heap, heed, tall, leaf, league, leap, meal, peal, ball, beach, beak, beam, beer, hawk, kneel (el), leak, peach, peak, reap, sheep, team, teeth, wreath, wreathe, Neal (el), Paul, Maud. 60. Second place : Cake, coach, coal, comb, dale, dame, bail, bowl, cape, joke, fame, gale, game, jail, choke, knave, lame, loaf, nail (el), pole, porch, tale, tame, vale, j'oke, abate, bore, roam (ar), rogue, rope, babe, bait, pale, dome, goal, loathe, mail, pail, poke, pope, rake, robe, tail, tape, vague, Job. 70. Third-place vowels should be written beside the second of the two consonants between which they occur, as in coop : Pool, tool, root, balm, boom, calm, rood, tomb; (using ar) lark, tar, czar, tour, jar. 71. Using only the long vowels: Antique, aurora (ar), bouquet, foliage, elate, jubilee, oatmeal, parade, pillow, pony, potato, up- roar, yellow, Ada, Cora, Edith, Eva, Laura, Nora, lower (ar). 72. The lists of words given in this book as a rule should not be vocalized, except in special cases where one or two vowels are required to render an outline unambiguous. Isolated words com- monly require vocalization. 73. .Re//;. Only one out of many hundred vowels is actually 80 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. written in short-hand; but enough more are indicated by the man- ner of combining the consonant signs to make the system entirely legible. The possibility of reading from the consonants alone may be shown by the fact that a page of print is easily decipherable, all the vowels having been previously blotted out; for not only would the spaces remain which set off the words, but those also which indi- cate where vowels are to be supplied. This crudely illustrates the method employed in short-hand. 74. A thorough acquaintance with the vowel signs is essential, nevertheless ; that they may be written quickly in the few instances in which they are used, and that the principles of consonant combi- nation by which they are indicated, may be understood. The long vowels, especially, should be well memorized, since they are em- ployed much more frequently than the short. 75. The rule for placing vowels between two consecutive con- sonants must not be neglected; otherwise a vowel might be placed at the angle of two letters, which would occasion ambiguity; e.g., pe-ray, with a large dot written within the angle, thus \y, may be read either par or peer. 76. CAUTION. The student must not forget that short-hand is written &// sound. Vowels, in the sense here used, do not refer to the letters a, e, i, etc., but to the vocal sounds that are actually heard in tho distinct utterance of any word. Hence, to write a word properly, no regard whatever should be had to its spelling. In yoke, for instance, there is but one vowel, that of o long; tinal e, being silent, is not represented. A good plan is to speak each word aloud before writing it; or, better still, to have the lists distinctly pronounced to you by another person. 77. The first vowel position being at the beginning of the con- sonant, first-place vowels should be written at the top of downward letters, as in pts/tuw, and at the bottom of the upward, as in raw. 78- As a rule, the vocalized words given in this and the two following lessons should always be written with the vowels. 79. To this, however, exceptions are sometimes made, especial- ly in verbatim reporting, where time does not allow; also, in cases where any particular word occurs frequently in the same report, and for which the simple outline would be unmistakable. LONG VOWELS. 31 80. WORD-SIGNS. The * * already a an, and all * * ought too, two % i before, oh of \ i or who j , but on (upward) should (upward ^ \ to 81. PHRASEOGRAPHS. the-loaf y^ V \^/ the-porcn and-a a-book-and \ | a-guide 82. Any one of the three ticks which denote / or lie may be used to indicate the, that one always being selected which secures the best angle. This sign, when it represents the, invariably adapts itself to the position of the word to which it is joined; e. g., in the-loaf, it rests on the line, while in the-porch, it is one space above. No ambiguity can result from the use of the same sign for the article the, and the pronouns / and. he. 83. A, an, and, are all denoted in phraseography by a brief tick, written horizontally or vertically (downward), as angle may re- quire, as in a-book-and a-guide. 84. The dot, or vowel word-signs for a, and, an, and the are rarely used; only when the tick does not make a good angle. EXERCISE 5. 85. The-day, the-object, the -usual, the-many, the-name, the- bishop, the-shadow, the-chapter, the-cssential, and-it, and-do, 32 REPORTING STYLE OP SHOUT-HAND. and-go, and-make, and-will, and-know, and-represent, and-be, and-tlie, and-never, a-chauge, a-chapter, a-tornado, a-rather, an- illegible, and-you-may, and-he-may, and-I-may, and-I-will, a-lake-and-a-farm, a-long-delay, iie-lias-come-to take-the-maga- zine. 1. The-day is coming, and-you-may-look-for-a victory before- long. 2. Should-you-come-to-day, Maud aud-Laura \vLU-maku- a bouquet and-an antique foliage wreath for-you. 3. Are-vou- going-to-go-to sea to-day? 4. Paul, take-your oar and-go-and row a-league. 5. The-knave is-taking coal into-the coach. 6. They-have-a tall coop in-the park. (4 m.) 86. Cora, you-may-go-and help Laura make oatmeal cake for tea. (6 times in 2m.) 87. TRANSLATE. .> ..... /^\..\/^~.. ...VTT .*>... \f spell search _O^/ r Tom's bells ring. 89. Write the following exercise, using the diphthongs I, as in type, 01, as in boy, ow, as in voio, and the triphthong wi, as in wire. Tie, type, pipe, vile, knife, mile, defy, boy, boil, coil, oil, Illinois (t'1-en-oi), foil, row, vow, wire, toy, vouch, Guy, buy, chime, couch, cow, coy, dike, foul, hide, nigh, owl, fowl, pike, pile, rhyme, shy, sigh, spike, dye, thigh, tire, toil, annoy, diet, envoy, loyal, royal, 34 REPORTING STYLE OK SHORT-HAND. Isaac, sour (ar). Using long vowels also: assignee, voyage, Ely, Elijah, Eliza, Ida, Myra, Viola. THE S-CIRCLE. 90. Es and ze are denoted in outlines by a small circle. This, when joined to curved letters, is written within, or following the direction of the curve, as in sense. 91. When joined to straight letters, the circle is always written upon the ri^ht of downward letters, as in spell; on the left of upward letters, as in search; and upper side of horizontal letters, as iu guvs. When the circle is initial, it is read before the vowels, as in seed, and when llual, after them, as in voice. 92. TABLE OF S-CIRCLE JOININGS, ^^ _ , This table should be copied many times, until the student can without taking thought, join the circle properly. Written exercises should also be compared with it every day, until errors cease to be found. When joined to straight letters, the circle is executed from right to left, as the letter o is written in long-hand. This rule will enable the student to test the accuracy of his own work. For convenience in teaching, these characters are sometimes named, spe, pes, seb, bes, ste, tes, sed, des, sef, efs, sev, sith, sel, sem, ways, &c. Es and ze, being cognates, are both represented by a single sign, namely, the circle, with no danger of ambiguity. 93. The circle is not employed, however, to denote ze, when initial, as in ze.ul, zinc, zulue, guess, kiss, mass, haughty, enemy, --das, A--ia. 10-4-. The following third-place vowels, coming between two consecutive consonants, should be placed beside the second, as in Inrk : Tack, valley, malice. 105. Second-place short vowels, coinum; between two consecu- tive consonants, are placed beside the second, ( unlike second-place; long vowels, which arc written with the lirst) . Beg, vup, gem, autumn, lion. 38 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT -HAND. 106. When two vowels, either long or short, occur between two consecutive consonants, the first is placed beside the first conso- nant, and the other beside the second, as in poem. Idiom, idiot, poem, maniac. 107. The entire rule for placing vowels, both long and short, between two consecutive consonants is, briefly : Write beside the first consonant ; First-place long vowels, First-place short vowels, Second-place long vowels. 108. Beside the second consonant; Second- place short vowels, Third-place short vowels, Third-place long vowels. ,.-v^\ Diagram showing the assignment of vowels when r~ i ij 1 occurring between two consecutive consonants. 100. Besides keeping vowels out of angles, a further advantage of this rule is that second-place vowels, though they be insufficient- ly or wrongly shaded, are known by the position which they occupy beside the first or second consonant. No symbol is provided for the sound of e in sermon, which should be indicated by the sign for c. in met (not by that for u in up~) . Some other shades of vowel sound are not provided for in the short-hand vowel scale; but these, for all practical purposes, are clearly enough indicated by the signs for those vowels which most nearly approach them. 110. When two vowels arc to be placed beside one consonant, they are written at unequal distances from it, according to the order in which the sounds occur, as in j - Dio. INITIAL AXD FINAL KS AND ZE. 111. Since the circle cannot be vocalized, when es follows an initial, or es or z precede a final vowel, the stroke and not the circle KS or ZK is used; as in atituiil or luzij. This rule holds good in all cases, whether the vowels are actually written or not, since the use of the stroke consonant in these circumstances indicates where the vowels are 1o be supplied; e. g., the alphabetic letters are used in SHORT VOWELS. 39 essence and ea>s?/, and the circle in sense and rose. Vocalize: Racy, mazy, dozy, posy, daisy, gauzy, dizzy, hazy, noisy, essence, espy. 112. In the following list, write both long and short vowels. Special attention should be paid to the proper placing of them be- side the consonants. Acme, agony, alimony, allure, ally, alto, apathy, apex, appal, appease, Arab, array, audit, bang, barrow, botch, buggy, cameo, chip, chop, cob, coffee, cog, dairy, duck, dumb, Dutch, epic, essay, ethics, flat, fogy, gang, gas, gaudy, hiatus, hobby, job, lag, lap, lash, latch, lath, leg, lip, luck, lung, mellow, melodious, mess, mob, odd, opera, palace, palm, parody, pith, rack, shock, silk, solemn, Stoic, tally, tear, Adam, Amos, Caleb, Ellis, Emory, Enoch, Jesse, Agnes, Alice, Anna, Ella, Emily, Emma, Hannah; (using ar) arrow, attire, err. 113. Without vowels: Veracious, custom, device, disengage, fallacious, auspicious, hasten, swell, visit, celerity, paradox, reason, receive, restore, race, raise, summer, service; (using ar) circus, erroneous, resume. 114. WORD-SIGNS. Acknowledge catholic disadvantage exchange expect forsake, for-the-sake-of New York City public-ish-ed for-the-purpose-ol EXEECISE 7. 115. 1. What-do-you guess Is -in-the -post- office for-you? 2. I-think-it-is-a sketch, "Thc-Lion on-the Rock" beiug-the-sub- 40 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND ject, and-a poem on "The-Idiot and-the Maniac, K wmch I-sh*. receive and-take-to-the notary. 3. Will-you-acknowledge that, the valley is hazy in autumn? 4. Yes, but it-is-never so in summer. 5. I-have-no-memory-of any-such tale as-that-in-your book. 6. To edit such-a-book is-a-big job. 7. It-is-in-no-way sufficient, so-you-will-have-to exchange it for-somethirig-else (el). 8. The- enemy has knowledge-and-reason, but it-is erroneous to say-that- he-has riches. 9. Shall we-take-the team and-buggy and-hasten to-visit-the circus to-day? 10. It-is-the-custom with-them to eat nothing but-milk-and-eggs on-Sunday. 11. All-the ships of-the navy will soon sail into-the sea aud-engage with-the haughty enemy. (4 in.) 116. Wliat-would-be-the-advantage in restoring the-domestic customs of-a-race of-which-we-have scarcely any-knowledge ? (8 times in 2m.) 117. TRANSLATE SUGGESTION. Whoa the pupil has arrived at this point the most advis- able thing for him to do next is to turn back and learn lesson VII over again. A knowledge of the vowels is much more important than the space here given would seem to indicate . CONSONANT POSITION. 41 LESSON VIII. CONSONANT POSITION. 118. L King -\- deep music J attack occupy . / I allowed leave L_V^__ love 1 nigh touch awake ~"\ -/^ July 119. Araoiig tlie contrivances made use of to indicate vowels without actually writing them, one of the most simple and import- ant is that of consonant position. By means of this, the leading vowel of any word, that is, the vowel contained in the accented syllable, is denoted by the position given its outline. 120. With reference to the line of writing, words occupy three different places, known as the first, second, and third consonant positions. 121. Second-position words rest on the line, where all words heretofore introduced are written. 122. First-position horizontal words are written one space above the line, as king. 123. Other first-position words are written half a space above 42 REPORTING STYLE OK SHORT-HAND. the line; c. g., in deep, dc, the first descending letter, rests half a space above the line, pe being bisected by it. 124. Third- position horizontal words are written just below the line, as music. 125. Other third-position words rest half a space below the line; e. g., in attack, te, instead of resting on the line is bisected by it. 126. The place of the accented vowel is signified by the position of the outline. Writing a word iu the first-position signifies that its accented vowel is first-place (as ee, aw, oi, etc.). E. g., short o, the accented vowel in occupy, is implied by the position of the word above the line. Writing it in the third position signifies that its accented vowel is tiiir.i-place (ah, o\v, oo, etc.). E. g., ow, the accented vowel in allowed, is signified by the position of the word through the line. 127. Write iu first-position: Deal, abide, by, body, time, deep, deny, die, dime, she, ease, easy, easily, enjoy, fall, feel, female, joy, joyous (jay-es), king, law, leave, lie, life, life-time, like, me, meek, avoid, mill, my, occupy, thy, thee, if, off, pity, see, talk, teach, week, weak, assign, write, right, reach, alleviate, cheap, Deity, dock, dominate, miss, mock, nick, seam, series, size, speedy; (ar) fear, form, lire, sphere. 128. Third-jHixition: Allow, assume, at, out, atom, attach, attack, beauty, back, cap, catch, cash, cavity, cool, aloud, allowed, few, hat, hiiu-e, Jewish, jury, lack, lad, laugh, map, match, month, move, path, view, abuse, academy, academic, eulogy (el-jay), fool, loose, factory, outrage, pure, renew, review, ruin, add, adduce, ensue, lose, pack, purity, purify, salute, sat, suit; (ar) power, poor, room, our, hour. Exceptional words, :-!rd. pos. : Away, awake, await, July, advice. 12!). Evidently t he greatest speed is attainable when one posi- tion only is observed in writing. For this reason, words are commonly placed on the line, and are put in other positions only when speed is actually .rained by it, that is to say, when they would otherwise have to be vocalized, which would require more time than the oilier. It must not, be supposed that all words which contain first, or third place accented vowels, are to be written in the lirsf, or third positions. These are made use of onlv when the writing of vowels can thereby be saved. It is a CONSONANT POSITION. 43 tix^uent case of two or more words having the same consonant outline, none of which need vocalizing, if all are different parts of speech But ambiguity would result from the use of lay-ve to represent the two verbs love and leave. In this case, the writing of vowels, otherwise necessary, is saved by placing leave, which contains the first-place vowel, in the first position. The use of te-chay for both touch and teach would also be ambiguous; hence, to denote teach, this outline is also written in the first position. 130. But it sometimes transpires that the accented vowels of both words are second place, as in the case of ivait and await. This would determine both for the second position; but neverthe- less, as a matter of convenience in such cases, one of the words is written in either the first or third position, according as some unaccented first or third place vowel which it may contain, would indicate. E.g., await and awake are written in the third position, in order to be distinguished from the second position words, wait and wake, which have the same outlines. 131. In all such cases the most commonly recurring word is given the second position. 132. Vocalized words^commonly occupy the second position; but the legibility of short-hand writing is increased by occasionally giving these also the positions indicated by their accented vowels. This is more especially practiced in the case of words with hori- zontal outlines, as nigh, sky, etc. 133. WORD-SIGNS 1ST POS. Common, each, watch, ear, hear, her, ever, give-n, dollar, thing. EXERCISE 8. 134. 1. You-may-write-a review of all-our doings at^the- academy on-the fourth Sunday of-February. 2. We-all know-that fire ruins many factories and-mills. 3. You-may-copy off-the eulogy on-the-life, laws, and-power of-the Jewish king. 4. Talks on-the-subject of-electricity will-bci given-in-both academies in- 44 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. the-month of July. 5. It-is-a-common-thing-to hear her laugh aloud at-that huge fool's-cap. 6. I-will carry that small watch this-vveek, and-if-the-right time it-keeps, I-will-give-you $25.00 for-the-same. 7. The-judge said-that the-jury should occupy this cool room, and-at no-time be allowed to-leave-it before -they say what-the damages in-this-case shall-be. 8. It-is-our-castom to- sell-for cash, but-you-will-be allowed to-exchange your-map for- a hat or cap, or anything-else (el) that-you-may lack. 9. The- huge earth moves along-its path many-miles an-hour. (4m) . 135. To-study the-lives-and laws of-the Jewish kings is-a- common-thing in-our day-and-age. (9 times in 2m). 136. TRANSLATE. REMARK. It is a common misapprehension that every word whose ac- cented vowel ie first or third place, ought on this account to be written in the first or third position. The great mass of words are written in the second position, that is, on the line. The writing of words elsewhere than on the line is a contrivance, the principal use of which is to save writing the vowels in the case of a limited number of frequently recurring 1 words, whose outlines would be ambiguous if written in the second posi- tion, and left unvocalized. If necessary to prevent ambiguity it is better to vocalize an uncommon word rather than to attempt to indicate the vowels by placing its outline in the first or third position. S-CIKCLK JUNCTIONS. 45 LESSON IX. 137. S-CIRCLE JUNCTIONS. Desk C7 !Q ^ lesson facility NS I " and-his-life it-is-of-advantage / 138. The rule laid down in Lesson VI. for joining the s-circie, applies only when it occurs at the beginning or end of words. 139. But when the circle occurs at the juncture of two conso- nants, it should be written according to the following directions : 140. When the circle is to be written 1. At the juncture of two straight letters, it should be placed outside the angle, as in desk. 141. 2. At the juncture of a straight letter and a curve, it should follow the direction of the curve, as in maxim. 142. 3. At the juncture of two curves, if it cannot follow the direction of both, as it does in lesson, it should be written in the manner found most convenient, as in facility. 143. These directions apply also to phraseographs ; e. g., it-is- to, and-his-life, ii-ix-of-advantage. 144. In the following list, the s-circle occurs between two straight letters : Custody, deposit, desk, dispatch, discuss, disobey, dispose, exhibit, dispel, expel, gazette, gospel, indispose, justice, succeed, capacity, Mexico, Tuesday, audacity, besiege, bestow, caustic, chastise, luxury, depository, disguise, despair, dusk, exodus, expire, extinguish, gasp, gossip, hostile, outside, parasite, receipt, restless, upset, et-cetcra, Augustus, Justus, Augusta. 4Jo REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. 145. Between a straight and curved letter: Citizen, desire, desirous, disarm, dislike, dismal, dismay, dissolve, egotism, excel, Harrison, immensity, maxim, maximum, message, music, resolve, cohesive, instil, musical, pacific, society, solicit, specify, vestige, veracity, Massachusetts, Minnesota, axiom, answer, castle, casualty, decimal, dismiss, dissolve, elastic, exile, felicity, garrison, offset, pacify, parasol, spasm, specify, tenacity, velocity, visitor, Absalom, Erastus (ar), Joseph, Missouri. 146. Between two curves: Atheism, counsel (el), facility, in- cendiary, innocence, insanity, lesson (el), mason, muscle, pencil (el), vessel (el), Cincinnati, officer, despair, exterior, risk, rustic, cancel (el), sarcasm (ar), chancellor (el), counsellor (el), damsel, denizen, domicile, fasten, gymnasium, license, lyceum, offensive, submissive; (also) salary, search, decorus, solitary, sophomore, sorrow, story, sir (ar), scarce (ar), genius, malicious, science, select, sublime, Minneapolis. 147. WORD-SIGNS 3 POS. However issue home, whom t^' 11^ advertise-ed-ment had, due half, few large much thank, youth .././..(., <-rtr- though, thou whole, allow young us, use (noun) whose, use (verb) hope, happy _^... v *=---v= salvation to-be EXERCISE 9. 148. 1 . The-Gazotte says that Harrison's army will-leave Mex- ico on-Saturday of-this-week, ami-march all-the-way-to Minneap- olis, Minnesota, i)\ -\vay-of-Missouri. 2. The-citizen deposits his .-alary in-the-bank-of Massachusetts with-scarcely any risk. :;. The-ruslic, taking-counsel with-the judge for half-an-hour, says nothing, but for-some purpose dispatches his son to-Cincinnati. 4. Thc-justice informs counsel that-they-may, !f-they wish, discuss- the-case before -the- jury for-two-hours. o. Do-you-think-that- tlie jury will-say the-youth is insane? C. Yes, they-have already said-so; ho-reccives-the-message in despair, and-many also re- S-CIKCLK jrXCTIOXS. 47 celve-it with sorrow and-dismay. 7. The-offlcers are-taking him into-custody, and-will kei-p-him safely in-a solitary room. 8. The- young sophomore, they-say, has-a rare genius for poetry and- music. 9. I-hope the-sa}-ing has-no sarcasm in-it. 10. I-know, however, that-he-excels in-science, aud-never fails to exhibit vivacity in-society. 11. Iiistil right maxims into-the soul of-a- youth, and-you-will see that-his life wi31-be-the purer. (4m. 30 s.) 149. I-hope, however, that- j-ou- will give-the-ycmth whom-you teach the-whole story of young Absalom. (B times in 2 m.) 160. TRANSLATE. DICTATION PRACTICE. When two or more persons meet together for dictation practice the following 1 plan may be adopted: Be seated all at one table. Limit your attention to the lesson upon which you may be en- gaged. Do not practice for speed upo n any exercise until you have first learned to phrase and outline it correctly. Each student should in turn read to the other members of the group. Write the list-words a number of times, reading them as often. Dictate slow ly at first, gradually in- creasing the speed. Afterwards determine which student is able to read the entire list in the shortest time. In dictating an exercise, read the sentences in the natural way, as they would be delivered by a public speaker, allowing the intervals to occur between clauses rather than be- tween words. 48 REPORTING STYLE OF SHOUT-HAND. LESSON X. 151. PHRASEOGRAPHY. I-die f / I-do I-had A ^ -^ I-know-you I-think-that r give-me pay-him \__^ 1 PCS. altogether 152. Every stenographer must determine for himself the precise extent to which he can apply phraseography to advantage. Many do not phrase enough; while, possibly, some do too much. Students, accustomed in long-hand to disjoin words*, invariably find phraseography a hindrance at first; but the practice, once acquired, lessens the labor of reporting, and adds to both speed and legibility. Three words can be phrased while two of them are being written separately ; hence the gain in speed. But tcords separated by the slightest rhetorical pause, or mark of punctuation, should not be joined together. This adaptation of phraseography to syntax, renders short-hand notes far more legible than they would otherwise be. 153. The first word, which is called the Leader, should be written in its proper position, and the others allowed to occupy whatever place the phraseograph, in due course, may give them. E. g., / is the leader of the phrase, I-think-that; give, the leader in give-me, etc. 151. T5nt many phraseographs can be so written that both the letii!>'r and word to which it is joined, shall occupy their appropriate positions, as in I-hnd. 155. The necessity phraseography imposes upon the writer of locating words out of their proper positions, occasions no draw- back upon legibility. The reader does not regard the position of PHKASEOGHAPHY. 4'J words after the first or second, but relies upon the context, which is a sure guide. 156. The phraseograph should be discontinued when an unusual word occurs, or one which must be written in its proper position in order to be unambiguous. E. g., give him, and pay me, should not be joined, for fear of conflict with give-me, and _pay-hiin. 157. 1 po.s. (using the s-circle) : Cause, cease, city, office, oppose, peace, rise, seen, scene, sing, accede, seem, seed, seek, side, sight, since, police, these, wise, song, besides, disease, deceit, deceive, decide, design, despise, decease, excite, exceed, false, insight, incite, inside, likewise, business, mix, offence, scheme, Scotch, sleep, sweep, epistle, alike (el), misery, reside, resign, revise, righteous, sincere, recite, rejoice, arise (ar). 158. 3 pos.: Amuse, soon, accuse, pass, passage, passive, sad, sagacity, anxiety, nuisance, induce, excuse, anxious, animosity, atlas, casual, beauteous (be-tes), absence, apostle, south, subdue, task, tax, absorb, refuse, house, refusal, rescue, reduce. Also write (3 pos.), anatomy, animate; (ar), affair, argue. 159. WORD-SIGNS. Lawyer influence f ~\ x _ s? g N similar *-s\^-\ similarity mistake speech, speak because sifjniticant-ance . o .. N & insign iflcan t-ance v^^ U post-mark justice-of-the-peace continue falsehood company , ^n , hence M 7 \ v 9 U/-^ witness testimony spoke mostly December ^_ i those, thus i^~P (J~^ ( . v -...^^.>-. happiness holiness . . enlarge EXERCISE 10. 160. 1. A -rogue, whose name is Esau, takes-away the-cow of Paul the-rustic. 2. lie-also carries off some of Paul's sheep, and- designs taking-his dog too. 3. But-the dog barks, and-Esau fear- ing he-will-be-seen, hastens home. 4. Paul iuforms-an-officer, 50 REPORTING STYLE OK SHORT-HAND. who, with-the-help of-the-police, soon-succeeds in arresting-the rogue. 5. The} take -the anxious Esau to-the city, and-lock him in-the-south room of-the jail. 6. Esau is accused by Paul of- having carried off-his live-stock. 7. Esau denies all knowledge of- the affair, and-goes to seek-the advice of counsel. 8. He-goes-to- the office of-the sagacious Scotch lawyer, Jackson, who, sitting pensive in-his chair, asks-him what he-wishes. 9. I-have come, says Esau, to induce you to-argue in-my behalf in-the-cause in- which I-am-accused by Paul. 10. But-the lawyer, refusing to- help-him, says, I-think-you- will-never pay me. 11. At-the sight, however, of-the rogue's pile of-money, Jackson informs-him that- his side of-the-case is-the-right-side. 12. Esau, rejoicing exceed- ing]}^ says he-hopes it-is-no-mistake. 13. The-cause comes on for hearing before-a-jury and-a justice-of-the-peace, whose-name is Isaac. 14. The -la wyer Jackson thinks because both-the Justice and-the-accused are Jews, that-it-would-be-a wise scheme to- have-the Squire dismiss-the-jury, and-with-no-help to hear and- decide the-cause. 15. Hence the-accused, by-his-lawyer, moves- the Squire that-this-be-carried out; aud-the- Justice so deciding, thc-jury goes. 1(J. The-Justice sits aud-hcars the -testimony of- each witness in-the-case, which-is altogether insufficient to show that-the-accused is-the thief. 17. Tlie-lawyer thinks-it useless to- make-a speech, aud-so leaves-the-case wholly at-the disposal of- the-Squire. 18. The-Justice says the-accused may rise up, and- Esuu does-so with-no-1'ear. 10. The-Justice also sa}*s: "The- bulk of-the testimony is insufficient to show-you to-be-the th ef ; but I-rather think-that- the testimony is mostly wrong, 20. Hence, what-I-decide in-tliis-case is-this; that-you continue in-jail for- two-weeks, and-also that-you pass two-weeks ou-the public rock- pile!" (8rn.;;os.) 161. As-to-liis design in-seeking-the house of-the justice-of- the-peace, the-witness spoke-a-falsehood iu-giviug-his testimony to-the-jury. (7 times in 2 in.) When practicing write the characters as closely together as con- venient, forming- them somewhat smaller than is natural for you. This practice contributes both to speed and ease. 162. THK SliZ-CIHCLK. TRANSLATE 51 LESSON XL THE SEZ-CIRCLE, EMP, AND COALESCENTS. 163. System enthusiast successes ambiguous weave wife camp ambitious sympathize endow wing Quebec barrier exquisite walk. 164. The syllables sis, sys, so/., ccs, sus, and others similar. arc denoted by a hirme circle, as in sijxti'in and successes. Write: Cases, paces, necessary, success, sncci-ssor, subsist, decisive, desist, excess, excessive, exercise, exist, hypothesis, necessity, insist, system, emphasis, emphasize, analysis (el). Mississippi, Texas, Jesus, exercises, successes, accessory, axis, 52 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND diagnosis, enthusiast, recess, suspicious, thesis, possessor, Moses; 1 pos., exhaust. ^-^ EMP. 165. The cognates pe and be, when occurring after em, are sometimes indicated by a shading of this consonant, as in camp, or ambitious. This thickened em is called emp, and has the force of em-pe, or em-be. 166. Write: Pump, ample, camp, campaign, damp, encamp, example, lamp, lump, sample, sympathy, sympathize, temple, ambitious, imbecile, ambassador, ambiguity, ambiguous, embark, embellish, embezzle, empire, limp, pomp, symbol, symptom, thump. TABLE OF COALESCENTS. 167. The signs here given have the force of the full-faced type in the corresponding words. i LONG. SHORT. W SERIES. We !i walk with '! wot If I! c i>* cib wave ** woke wet :! worst was <>* woo twang *"' wool T T ye i'l yawn yi 1! yon '' fl *: J" u; ! rt yea -' yoke yet ii young you yam ***" TRIPHTHONGS. wife H wound MNEMONIC FIGURES. W dash coalesces ts bow to right. yT/' ")/ Y dash coalescents bow upward. " dot " " left. Yi Jy " dot " " downward. COALESCKXTS. 53 168. The unobstructed consonants w and y are commonly called coalesct-nts, from the quality \vhich they possess of readily uniting, or coalescing, with the vowel sounds. The double sounds ice, ye, yon, etc., formed by combining w or y with a succeeding vowel, are frequently expressed by a small semi-circle written in the three vowel places, as wa in wace, ya in yarn. 169. Write: Dwell, wade, duke, hew, mule, muse, quack, ^squeeze, wed, wet, wood, Hugh, Julius, Luke, Celia, Delia, Eugenia, Utah. 170. When convenient, first and third place coalescents and diphthongs are joined to the consonant stems in connection with which they occur, as in weave, wife, endoic, highly. 171. Write: Walk, wash, equip, ice, endow, Irish (shay), irony (ar), item, liquid, war, weave, wife, wit, wing, Idaho, Quebec, ague, dew, nephew, weed, widow, wipe. Omitting the coalescents: Acquiesce, anguish, annual (el), avenue, barrier, exquisite, genial (el), ingenious, languish, luxurious, requisite, tedious; 3 pos., cube, cubic, duel. PHRASEOGKAPHY. 172. The principles of abbreviation explained in this lesson are also made use of in phraseography. In-^v may-be, for example, ^ -, the sign for may, is shaded to denote the following ^^ be. i -N Emp iu this case is in reality an abbreviated phraseograph, and is called a phrase-sign. The words "is-said" are expressed by the phrase-sign sezde, which is obtained by enlarging the circle in said. A phrase-sign is a contracted outline representing a number of words as though they were but so many syllables ; whereas a phraseograph is obtained by merely linking a number of words together. 173. The coalescent and diphthongal signs are always written in a vertical or horizontal position, and do not, like the dash vowels, adapt themselves to their consonant stems by always being written at right angles with them. 174. The sez-circle should be written several times larger than the simple s-circle, so as to be readily distinguishable from it. 54 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. 175. WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. / Important-ce improve-d-ment ^^ _ Impossible simple-y x^s (f S *o 1 Oi "s temperance-ate quiet acquit 1 acute | 1 senior ^-^"N x / x--\ junior L.je>^...J failure United States I high, eye .. height Of higher ir\ v^v M highway, Iowa ./ /. /. idea ,.- howsoever white yet H ^ ..L.Y.... uniform unite-ity rf7f<(c/V(a Europe water |T quick ^^^ /-\ ye, year-s ^ A ^eiV beyond is-seen what is-said | highly x-\ / ^s it-is-simply j-^ ' sj-*. is-his, his-is, is-as as-has, as-is, as-his, ^~\ has-his f. as-soon-as . O_ V-V _^ this-is 6X" ^ ^ this-system ,.,.\-?. gives-us ./\ ls-such /^ 1 (~) flf~\ takes-us / L-V X ^(..VL^_ loves-us EXERCISE 11. 176. 1. You-raay-write-this and-all-succeeding exercises with red ink, if-you-wish, but-we-would-rather j'ou-would-use simply tlic'-cominon ink. 2. The-Yankee's Irish wife said she saw-a-large lamp sitting on-the top of the white temple. 3. Our temperance- speaker possesses a-yenius for war, aud-is-quick in-wit, with- wliieli he-unites much irony. 4. Ile-has-an idea of uniting Texas, Iowa, Idaho, ami-Utah by-a-comuum highway, but-the-thing is- simply-impo.ssible. 5. This-is-our regular summer uniform, and- is-seen-in-the Uniteil-States-camps always at-this-time of year, but-is-never-to-be seen-in Europe. (!. lie-loves-us, and-it-may- be that-t hat-is why he-wouhl-have us enjoy so-many of-the exijuisite views in Utah. 7. Hugh takes-us to see-many sample dwellings on-the avenue, but 1-think-that-many-of-them lack- some necessary improvements. 8. How-many-years will-it-be, (lo-yon-thinU, ln'1'ore-this-system will-have come-into common use iu-the United-States, especially in-the large cities? 9. Our sagacious j list ice-of-the- peace subsists by hearing and-deciding various petty cases. (5 m). DOUBLE CONSONANTS. 55 .177. That-the-health of-the United-States army may-be-im- proved, it-is-important-that all-officers should set-an example of- temperance to inferiors. (11 times in 3 m). 178. TRANSLATE. ^"See page 184 for the sign for " nevertheless." LESSON XII. DOUBLE CONSONANTS. THE L-HOOK. 179. The liquids I and /, by reason of the vowel element which they possess, partially coalesce with other consonants which immediately precede them: e. g., I unites very nearly with p in play, and .with /in fly; r unites closely with p in pry, and with / in offer. These consonant double-sounds are of very frequent occur- rence in our language, and are usually expressed by a modification of the stem of the first consonant. 56 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. THE L-HOOK. 180. The consonants of the 1-hook series are: Pel bel tel del chel jel kel gel fel vel thl thel shel (upward). =_ V. . . blow bowl glass settle sickle playful ankle nickel bushel collegiate 181. To express the added I, straight consonant letters are written with a small hook at the beginning, placed on the right, or s-circle side: e. g., this character \ , called pel, has the force of pe-lay, as in playful. This hook is written within, or following the direction of curved letters. 182. These hooked, or double letters, are vocalized like other consonant stems, as in blow, or glass. But the double letter is not used if the vowel occurs between the two consonant sounds denoted by it; e. (/., in bowl, the hook cannot be employed, the vowel o coming between be and lay; but in blow, the double consonant bei is used, no vowel occurring between be and the liquid, o, the only vowel in the word, being-final. 183. The s-circle is prefixed to double consonants of the 1-hook series by being written within the hook, as in settle and sickle. 184. The adjective ending ful is usually expressed by the double consonant/^-/, as \i\ playful. 185. All hooked consonants should be written with one stroke of th< j . pfii. This practice not only increases the speed of writing, but lessens the liability to form the hook too large or too cramped. 186. AVriU:: Ankle, angle, assemble, assembly, available, batik-, black, blame, blameless, blank, blush, chapel, circle, claim, cla<-, clergy, climax, close, club, clumsy, clothe, declaim, diploma, double, emblem, employ, enclose, English, entitle, fable, faculty, festival, imply, implicit, globe, legal, illegal (el), inflame, level, local, minulc, admirable, novelty, noble, oblige, obstacle, parable, place, pieti'ie, poetical, radical, reflect, stable, staple, table, technical, tenable, total, dimple, unable, social, syllable, delicacy, THE I.-KOOK. 5? uncle, variable, vital, vocal, ability, Florida, display, disclaim, uisclose, exclaim, invisible, possible, visible, academical, acclim- atize, amiable, amicable, bashful, Bible, blemish, bliss, block, blossom, cattle, chemical, classify, closet, coeval, collegiate, couple, culpable, declivity, despicable, devil, displace, dissemble, Episcopal, fallible, fatal, flesh, fling, flour, fluency, foretell (ar), gable, glimpse, gloom, horrible, invariable, inviolable, jingle, joyful, label, miserable, naval, nimble, pistol, placid, plague, plank, plastic, plausible, pliable, pliant, plum, plump, plus, ply, rival, shelf, shingle, smuggle, stubble, subtile, survival, tackle, tangle, terrible, tickle, tumble, typical, village", vehicle, wrinkle, Clarence, Hannibal, Clara, Flora, Florence ; (using ar) clear, clerk, declare, implore, deplore, desirable, ramble, irresistible (sez) ; (vocalize) applause, bleak, clay, clue, fleece, glue, plume, ply, Abel, Michael, Mabel, blue; 1 pos. audible, awful, clock, clog, gloss, clause, climb, calling, evil, feeble, initial, liable, likely, official, please, reply, title, idle; 3 pos. allowable, anatomical, clash, clasp, pupil, suitable, affable. 187 WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. 1 Pos. till, 2 tell, it-will, 3 until, at-alL 1 comply, 2 people, 3 apply. I belong, 2 able, 3 blew. 1 follow, awful, 2 full, 3 flew.. t each-will, 2 ,7hich-will, children, 3 much-will. I call, equal, 2 difficult-?, 3 clew. A! *' must-be. 58 KEPOKTIXG STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. devetop-ment glory, <__eglorl bumble recollect respect-able quality respectability collect influential. 188 EXERCISE 12. 1. Philosophy will clip-an angel's wtn?s. 2. It-will never-do at- ull ior-you lo-cinpluisize the-v.Toug syllable in-class. 3. Official people say they -will in-time become-respectable anti-influential, which-vvill-be a-glorious-thing, if each-will at-the same-time be humble, 4. You-should use this-system as-soou-as you-are-able; much-will-be-the-time-that it-will-save-you, because-it-is-as speedy as-any, besides being-far easier. (1m 45s). 189. TIIK-ASl' A.ND-TIIE KAGLK. yESOP. 1. This-fable tells of-a snake declaring war on-an-eagle, and- how they-engage in-fearful battle. 2. They-display no delicacy, nevertheless they-never-make-the air vocal with-the-clash of-arms or-the thump of-clnmsy clubs. 3. The-snake has -the -ad vantage, and-will-likely kill-tlie-poor eagle. 4. Bnt-a rustic sees them, and-hnrryiiig, he-comes-up and -looses the-coil of -the-snake, and- aliows the-cagle to ny away. 5. The-escape of-the eagle inflames the-snake, so-that.-be allows his poison to fly into-the water bottle of-tlie rustic. J. Tlie-rustie, knowing-nothing of-thc- possibh; v'vil, -u>|)lies the-bottle to-his lips. 7. But-the eagle, living back, delivers him, by-giving his right-arm a-blow with-his wing, -.nid-by sei/.mg the-bottle with-his claws, and-canying it- up iulo-tlie sky, (">iu ;>i')s). 190. They- \vill-continne to-corne uutil-you tell-him-that it- vvil! most-likcly-ljo unnecessary to-collect-the-class together. ',Q> times in '^m). HIE L-HOOK. TRANSLATE. * X N ^ 7 I" "^ .yl ............ -^..-r/r./b ....... \. ...l^ ----- ..... <<. LESSON XIII. THE R-HOOK SERIES OF DOUBLE CONSONANTS- SEC. I. '- Per ber ter der oher jer ker jer praf gray destroy exaggerate criticism programme SO REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAXD 193. Another initial hook, written on the left of the consonant, or side opposite the 1-hook, indicates the added r as in pray, or gray. The alphabetic letters, modified by the attachment of this hook, are denominated per, ber, ter, etc., and have the force of pe-ar, be-ar, etc. This hook is joined to all the consonants except 3S, ze, ar, ing, way, yea, hay, ray, and emp. 194. In order that the r-hook may be prefixed to a medial con- sonant, a preceding s-circle is written out of its usual position : e. (/., in destroy, the circle is placed on the left side of de in order that the r-hook may appear to be attached to te. The hook is sometimes expressed, also, by retracing a preceding consonant, as in programme. 195. Write, using the r-hook and vowels : Brace, breech, bribe, broil, gray, grow, brake, praise, pray, tribe, utter, acre, brawl, brow, caprice, crape, crawl, crevy, cross-eyed, crow, dray, grape, grass, growl, loiter, odor, oyster, pauper, powder, prize, prose, pry, quaker, slaughter, taper, trace, trail, turmoil, ultra, Beatrice, Bertha, Grace; 1 pos. Greece, cry, creek, Greek. Without the vowels: Abbreviate, approach, appropriate, attorney, break, baker, broke, breathe, brevitv, breach, bring, courage, crazy, create, creator, critic, cruel, crusade, crystal, currency decrease, democra- cy, depress, destroy, diagram, distress, disturb, drug, dress, drill, drink, drop, drum, drunk, educator, embrace, encourage, exagger- ate, extra, extreme, criticism, proceed, trump, gradual, grasp, gravity, grocer, impress, industry, industrious, keeper, labor, laborious, ledger, liberal, lucre, ludicrous, major, maker, matrimo- ny, microscope, mistress, Nebraska, neighbor, operate, operator, paper, parallel, precious, presence, press, pearl, prepare, pretty, precede, process (sex.), produce, programme, progress, propose, prosper, provoke, redress, reproach, soldier, treason, triumph, va- por, vigor, abridge, aggregate, altar, alternate, apostrophe, April, arbitrary, alter, ardor, aristocracy, ascribe, astrology, banker, bar- ber, beggar, betray, produce, brass, broker, broom, brush, bur- lesque, butcher, cathedral, charter, chemistry, cherish, chronome- ter, copper, courageous, courtesy, cracker, grub, crayon, crib, crimson, criticise, crook, crop, crucify, crumb, crush, crutch, cy- press, deter, Deuteronomy, dexterous, dictator, digress, dipper, cream, Lrespas.s, fibre, Peter, garter, gracious, grass, grumble, bar- THE R-HOOK. 61 bor, Hebrew, inebriate, ingratiate, intrigue, laboratory, literary, messenger, ministry, monogram, mutter, nectar, obtrusive, patiol, pernicious, personate, poker, trustee, trap, trick, trim, tropic, trunk, Ambrose, Andrew, Edgar, Patrick; 1 pos. agree, crime, cross, daughter, draw, dream, dry, across, eager, increase, preach. 196. WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. <\ f 1 Pos. appear, 2 principle-al, 3 practice-al. 1 liberty, 2 re-member, 3 brother, number. 1 try, 2 truth, 3 true. 1 doctor, 2 dear, 3 during, dark. 1 each-are, 2 which-are, 3 much-are. 1 Christian-ity, 2 care, occur, 3 cure. 2 danger, 3 larger. Correct character degree liberty-of -the-peo- ple Hberty-of-the-press Member - of - Con- gress EXERCISE 13. accuracy Inaccurate Dear-Sir Member-of-the Bar Member-of -the legislature practicable. 197. 1. He-that-takes-a wife takes care. 2. If-you- would create something, you-must-be-something. 3. Prayer is-the voice of-faith. 4. All things with-which we-deal preach to-us. 5. What vigor absence adds to-love! G. Characters never change. 7. The- drama is-the-book of-the people. 8. The eye sees what-it brings 62 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. the-power to see. 9. Genius is-the faculty of growth. 10. Life is-a comedy to-lum who thinks, and-a tragedy to-him who feels. 11. The-truth of-truths is love. (2 m). THE-CROW AND-THE PITCHER. ^SOP. 198. 1. A-crow, perishing for-lack of- water, sees-a pitcher, and-hoping that-it possesses some of-the liquid, flies to-it with- much joy. 2. On reaching it he-sees, to-his sorrow, that-the- water is-of so-small depth that-he-is totally unable to-reach it, so- that all-his industry avails nothing. 3. Later, he-collects as-many rocks as-it-is-possible for-him to-carry, and-with-his beak drops them slowly into-the-pitcher, until he-brings-the-water up so high that-it-is-possible for-him to-reach it, and-in-this-way saves-his life. (2m 30 s). 199. A-member-of-the-bar, on-becoming a-Member-of-Con- gress, spoke in praise of-the liberty-of-the-press, and-said-that as-long-as-it published but-the simple-truth, the-liberty-of-the- people would-be in-no-danger. (5 times in 2 m) . 200. TRANSLATE. THK R-HOOK. 63 LESSON XIV. 201. THE R-HOOK SERIES SEC. 2. Fer ver thr ther sher zhr mer 202. Since a hook can be attached to but one side of a curved letter, and since the r and 1 hooks are written on opposite sides of consonant stems, the natural positions of certain curves are reversed in order to render these hooks distinguishable. These curves are ef, ve, ith, and the, which, when the r-hook is prefixed, are written fer, ver, thr, and ther, as shown in the engraving, and appear like ar, way, es, and ze, with an initial hook. But these characters, it will be observed, are obtained by reversing fel, vel, thl, and thel, which is done in order that the hook may be brought to the left side. This practice gives rise to no ambiguity, since, as has been stated, the r-hook is not attached to ar, way, es, and ze. 203. To express the added ar, em and en are modified by both pre- fixing the hook, and thickening the stem, thus f Mner, and <*_^ner. No ambiguity results from this shading of the consonants em and en, since no hook is attached to either emp or ing. 204. In some outlines, where it cannot be conveniently joined, the hook is omitted, the shaded em simplj' being used in lieu of mer, as in farmer. 205. Write : Rumor, tremor, Homer, energy, dinner, banner, exhonorate, lunar, over, farmer, generous, numerous, tanner, merge, offer, philosopher, phrase, camphor, Christopher, Francis, Frank, average, Denver, favor, oversight, Friday, silver, traverse, REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. leisure, measure, pressure, treasure, censure, exposure, machinery, aniversary, diverge, diverse, liver}', mauceuver, Luther, Lutheran, dishonor, perverse, thresh, throng, verb, verge, verse, Oliver, Vir- ginia, wager, Arthur, Bertram, Oscar, Frank, Roger, Victor, treach- erous, favorite, proverb, tributary, gather, sheriff, umbrella, re- press, slipper, spider, sugar (shay), tiger, tragedy, tragic, traitor, probate, problem, profess, professor, prolong, propriety, recur, prairie, preface, premier, premise, premium, primary, prior. Vocalize, throw; 1 pos. authorize, authority, crisis (sez), decree, former, fever, free, preside, prime, minor, oppress, oppressive, precise (sez), price, Christmas; 3 pos. abstruse, address, adverse, affirm, apprehend, apprehensive, presume, scatter, assure, grew, troop. 206. WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. f\ I Pos. author, 2 three, 3 through. 1 either, 2 their, there, they-are, 3 other. 1 Mr., mere, remark-able, 2 more, mercy, 3 humor. 1 near, nor, honor, '2 manner, 3 owner. From every, very pleasure in-referenoo-to in-respect-to honorable commercial University San Francisco. EXERCISE H. 207. 1. He-remarks tn-liis brother-members that-to encourage such-pleasures is-in-a-high derive dangerous to-every-principie of-Christia'.i-libiTty. L'. Thc-doctor's practice in-San-Francisco gradually incivasi-s, and-his skill lm>-no parallel . 3. The-author of-thc ludicrous ''Pivam of-the Major's Daughter" exaggerates boyund-mcasiir*! in -speaking of -the-criines of-Avar. (1 m 15s) THE R-HOOK. 65 THE-DOG AXD-THE SHADOW. jESOP. 208. 1. A-dog crossing-a bridge over-a-creek with-a piece of- flesli in-his mouth, sees his own shadow in-the-water, and-takes- it for that of-some-other dog, with-a piece-of game double his own in size. 2. He -therefore drops his own piece, and-furiously attacks-the-other dog with-the view of-taking-his larger piece from-him. 3. He-thus looses both; that-which he-grasps for in- the-water, because-it-was-a shadow; and-his own, because -the- creek washes it-away. (2m). 209- 1. So sad, so fresh, the-days that-are no-more. 2. You- arrive at truth through poetry, and-I arrive at poetry through truth. 3. Lay a-bridge of-silver for-a flying enemy. 4. What-is becoming is honorable, aud-what-is honorable is becoming. 5. The-eyes of-other people are-the eyes that ruin us. 6. Wise judges are-we of -each-other. (1 in 30 s). 210. It-is-the-more remarkable, for I-supposed that-he-had too-much honor to-be anthor-of-such-a rumor as-this in-refer- euce-to Oliver the-philosopher. (lu times in 3 m). TRANSLATE. 66 REPORTING STYLE OK SHORT-HAND. LESSON XV. 212 THE TRIPLE-CONSONANT SERIES. 8-pr s-br s-tr s-dr s-chr B-jr s-kr s-gr Spree soaker cider suffer discourage subscrbe cradle enclosure shelter secrecy sister prescribe. 213. When the s-circle is to be prefixed to per, the hook is omitted, and the circle written oil the r-hook side of the consonant; thus, the character \ sper has the force of es-pe-ar, as in spree. 211. The triple consonant sper is more easily written than though the circle were placed within the hook; and it wilf not be mistaken for \ spe simply, since in sper the circle is placed on the opposite side of the consonant. All other straight steins of the r-hook series are moditied in the same manner to express a preceding' s, as in suakcr and cider. 215. But when the circle is to be prefixed to ^\fer, it must be written within the hook, as in suffer; otherwise it would be written ^ so; and have the force of es-ar, instead of es-ef-ar. The same principle holds true of all curved double consonants, ver, ther, etc. 216. In the outlines for a few such words as discourage and xnliKi-riltf; where it is inconvenient to write the r-hook, it is entirely omitted, r being readily supplied from the context. 217. Write: String, spring, struck, strong, scourge, scribe, secrecy, sober, sister, 'suffer, discourage, discriminate, disgrace, subscribe, sacrifice, scrub, separate, skirmish, strap, stress, stretch, succor, supercede, superstitious, supper, supremacy, TRIPLE CONSONANTS. 67 supreme; 1 pos. strike, prescribe, scream; 3 pos. scrap, scratch, strew. Vocalize, strow, stray, streak. Using both the 1 aud r hooks: agreeable, brutal, clamor, clatter, flatter, flavor, proclaim, travel, triangle, trouble, verbal, calibre, chronicle, clapper, clever, clover, cradle, flutter, girdle, glitter, grapple, inclosure, perplex, propel, shelter, trifle, triple, tropical, scruple, struggle. 218. WORD AXD PHRASE SIGNS. Merciful mortgage neighborhood proper-ty universal New-Hampshire West-Virginia disappear disagree express surprise suppress ^ overwhelm probable-ly probability forgive North-America South- America everlasting Strength , exter- nal as-lt-were Scripture, de- scribe secure such-are, 3 such were EXERCISE 15. 219. 1. Their-sisters in-South- America subscribe for-the Uni- versity papers published in New-Hampshire and-West-Virginia. 2. The-philosopher expresses surprise at-the-large number a r - sacriflces which-the Scriptures describe. 3. America, in-hci- is-fair and-honorable, and-has-no troubles with-other 4. Such-were-their brutal clamors for-more of-the silver that-we-had-to suffer, as-it-were, a-cruel scourge. dealings, peoples, treasure, (1m 30s). 220. THE-CEDAR TREE AND-THE BRAMBLE. - -.ESOP. 1. A-cedar tree, bragging, says-to-the bramble, "You-are useful for-nothing at -all, but in-all-places people use me for houses and-stables." 2. The-bramble answers: "You poor thing, if-you-would-but remember-the axes and-saws which-are soon-to hew you to pieces, you-would-have-reason to wish that-you-were- a bramble also, as-I-am. 3. Riches bring cares. (1m 30s). 68 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAXD 4. The-devil can cite Scripture for-his-purpose. 5. Know lion- sublime it-is to-suffer and-be strong. 6. All cruelty springs from weakness. 221. They- will-set out on-the fourth Thursday of- April, and- travel from-North to-South-America for-pleasure merely. (15 times in 3m) . 222. TRANSLATE. REMARK. The learner is liable to confound these two hook8, writing I for r and r for I. A mnemonic aid commonly made use of is the follow- ing: The proper side of the consonant stem for placing the l-hook is indi- cated by bending the index finger of the left hand; and for placing the r-7iook, by bending the same finger of the right hand. It will be observed, too, that not only is the right hand (B-hand) used more frequently than the left (L-hand), but the r-hook is used more frequently than the I. NOTE. To the professional stenographer a knowledge of spelling is ab- solutely indispensable. So many good Short-hand writers fail to hold a situation on account of deflcie ncy in this much neglected art, that it is a matter of prudence, if your knowledge is imperfect in this regard, to be- gin improving it at once. Learn to spell words with your pert rather than your toutjue. Written spelling is more important to the reporter, and quite distinct from oral spelling. THE REL-HOOK, ASPIRATE TICK AND DOT. 69 LESSON XVI. THE REL-HOOK, AND THE ASPIRATE TICK AND DOT. 223. Mel nel rel ler hw hi hr hm bn hng 224. The liquid I occurs so frequently in connection with ray, em, and en, as in choral, camel, and tunnel, that it has been found expedient to denote the double sounds rl, ml, and nl, by attaching a large initial hook to the stems ray, em, and en, the double letters thus obtained being named mel, nel, and rel. 225. A large initial hook attached to lay signifies that ar is to be added, the character ler being equivalent to lay-ar, as in color. 226. Write: Animal, tunnel, signal, penal, color, diagonal, finally, family, nominal, original, Colorado, relish, paternal, relic, globular, criminal, colonel, scholar, necessarily, centennial, abdominal, analyze, arsenal (ar), autumnal, barrel, canal, chron- ology, gallery, jocular, millennial, millennium, polar, sentinel, spinal, relate, temporal (emp), tribunal, venal, Daniel. 1 pos. collar, rely, release, reliance. 3 pos. plural, analogy. THE ASPIRATE TICK. 227. A short initial tick, derived from hay, signifying the aspirate h, and so written as to form an acute angle with the 70 REPORTING STYLE OP SHORT-HAND. consonant to which it is joined, is prefixed to way, el, ar, en, em, ing, kay and gay, as in hale, or whisper. 228. Write: Hang, harp, harm, holiday, whisper, whiskey, hell, hem, homicide, wheel, whip, whistle, hair; 1 pos. horse. Vocalize, hare, heal, whale, hum, hale, hall, hire, hollow. THE ASPIRATE DOT. 229. Hay, when medial, sometimes fails to make a good angle by its junction with other letters; as, for instance, when it occur* before em. In such cases the aspirate is signified by a small dot written just before the vowel, as in Abraham, mayhem. Using the dot: Abraham, Henry, mayhem. Omitting the dot: liither, likelihood, alcohol, adhere. 230. WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. 231. EXERCISE 16. 1. A-thing-of beauty is-a joy forever. 2. Custom is-the-law of fools. 3. Faith is-necessary to victory. 4. Fear has-many eyes. 5. Gaiety is-the soul's health; sadness is-its poison. 6. Her ample page rich wilh-tlie spoils of-time. 7. For hope is but-the dream of-those-that Avake. 8. Unto-the-pure all things are pure, 9. Innocence is always unsuspicious. 10. Kings ought-to-be kings in-all things. 11. Knowledge is power. 12. Laugh if-you-are wise. 13. Ami-he that-lives to-live-forever never fears dying. H. To-live-long, it-is-necessary to-live slowly. 15. Study to-be quiet. (2iu 30s). 232. While-ihe railway-car is traveling-to Denver, he -thinks- it-possiblc for-the colonel to-ride there on horse-back. (15 times in 3m) . 233. THE W-IIOOK. TRANSLATE 71 LESSON XVII. {34. THE W-HOOK. ,, ^^C O s~*\ Wednesday .73.?; SR wilderaess. 235. A small initial hook, representing the consonant w, is at- tached to lay, ray, em, and en, the characters thus formed being named wel, wer, wem, and wen. 236. The w-hook is derived from the coalescent semi-circle c weh, which, when prefixed to these consonants, is so adapted as to form a hook. The w-hook differs essentially from the r, I, and W hook series. The w-hook itself, after the analogj r of the s-cir- cle, denotes the consonant way; e. g., in saz7 and icail, both the circle and hook are read before lay. Whereas, in the other series above named, the hook itself does not represent I or r, -but is sim- 72 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-ELAND. ply a modification of the consonant stem to denote that one or the other of these liquids is to be added; e. g., the character < _^_- acre is not read rake, as it would be did the hook itself, which is formed first, denote r. The w-hook is itself the sign for w, while in the double consonant (the 1, r, and rel hook) series, each hooked letter is an indivisible character representing pi, pr, ler, etc. 237. Write: Quill, quire, quorum, "swim, ware, wealth, Wednesday, welfare, wilderness, wolf, worm, Edwin, Walter, Wil- liam, work, worth, worth}', well, willing, window, one, wear, warm, swear, acquire, beware. Vocalize, choir, weary, quail, wall, wine, wool. 238. WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. 1 Pos. we-are, 2 where, 3 aware. 1 while, we-will, 2 well, 3 awhile. 1 with-me, 2 we-may, with-him, 3 with-whom. 1 anywhere, inquire-y, 2 nowhere, 3 unaware. we-mny-be as-well-as may-as-well, in "iy welcome whensoever commonwealth with-reference-to with-respect-to for-the-sake-of. KXERCISK 17. 230. 1. Necessity does everything well. 2. We-are near wakinj when-we dream that-\v<- dream. 3. When-you-give, give with-* joy ami-smiling. 4. Hope is-u-willin:r slave. 5. They laugh that- win. i). Law should-be-like de.'ith, which spares no-one. 7. Love may hope, \vliere reason wmild-de^pair. 8. The-scholarly colonel give^-us rdialik 1 iie\vs witli-reference-to-the Colorado railroads. ',). The-pri/e thi'-teaclier offers for-a really correct exercise is-a family hor-e of hay color, aml-every pupil should try to win-it if- THE W-IIOOK. 73 possible. 10. There-is-no harm in-having-a holiday once-in-a while, but it-would-be well if-the scholar should-take-them only rarely. (2m 30s). THE HARE AXD-THE TORTOISE. KSOT. 240. 1. Tlie haro one-day laughs at-the stubby legs and-slow pace of-the tortoise. 2. The-latter, laughing, said, "Though-you travel like-a railway-car I-will-win iu-a-race with-you." 3. The hare, deciniug what-she affirms to-be-simply-impossible, agrees to- the proposal. 4. They-also agree that-the fox shall choose the- race-track, and-fix the-goal. 5. On Wednesday, the-clay which- the fox selects for-the-race, they-sct out together. t>. The-tor- toise never pauses at-all, but-travels on-with-a slow and-uniform pace until she finally reaches the-tree. 7. The hare, relying ou-his original quickness, has -no -anxiety as-to-the outcome of-the-race, but leisurely eats his dinner by-the wayside and -falls asleep. 8. Finally, waking up, and-moving quickly as-possible, he-sees the-tortoise already at-the goal, and-quietly dozing there. (3 m). 241. Beware of -sitting by-the railway-car window while-we- are crossing over-the dangerous bridge. (12 times in 2 m). 242. TRANSLATE. 74 REPOUTIXG STYLE OP SHORT-HAND. LESSON XVIII. 243. Pef THE F-HOOK. bef tef def chef jef kef gef hef Cough cave hoofs knave grief-ve dwarf strives rove heave prophesy havoc provincial. 244. A final hook, signifying ef or ve, is written on the s-circle side of all straight letters; e. g. the character A - e/ signifies kay-ef, as in cough, and kay-ve, as in care. A following s-circle is written within the hook, as in hoofs or strives. 245. Using the f-hook and vowels: Cuff, cough, beer, cave, Jove, devout, crave, hive. Without vowels: Bereave, beverage, cuff, bluff, cavalry, cavil, deaf, dwarf, gave, glove, gruff, incentive, lithograph, octave, primitive, prophesy, havoc, province, provincial, puff, river, roof, rouirh, relief (rel), scoff, sensitive, staff, strife, strive, tough, David, Stephen; 1 pos. drive, grieve, grief. 24(J. Ei-ni. The fact that either one of any two cognate sounds may be represented by the ,-ame sign without danger of ambiguity, has been fully shown in the case of the s and z circle. The same principle applies in the c;i 2r . It-has-been spoken again-and-again by-the chaplain that- thi'-doctrine of-the Christian-religion is-that-life is eternal, rather- than-a-brief span only. (7 limes in 2 m). CAUTION. Be careful to make your hooks and S-circles quite small. Avoid the error beginners commonly make of getting these on the wrong side of the stem. Vowel word-signs should be short, and all "ticks" used in phraseography both short and light. 257. THK N-IIOOK. TRANSLATE. 79 ^.r^ LESSON XX. THE N-HOOK CONTINUED. 258. Fen ven thn then esn zen shen zhen lea am men nen wa.yn yen silence delineation lantern. 80 REPORTING STYLE OK SHOUT-HAND. 259. Since a hook can be conveniently written only within, or following the direction of curves, but one linal hook can be joined to these letters. This is properly chosen to represent 11, which occurs much more frequently than f and v. 260. Vocalize: Lean, loan, iron, noun, Ethan, Julian, Adaline. Without vowels: Man, main, known, none, Maine, cannon, coffin, cognomen, dominion, earn (ar), examine, fancy, finish, infancy, arrange (ar), Italian, learn, lengthen, machine, maintain, manage, manager, minute, saloon, Monday, monarch, monotonous, Roman, season, sermon (ar), situation, menace, then, specimen, vanity, vanish, villain, vain, anonymous, German, French, London, admonish, affront, almanac, amanuensis, amen, arraign (ar), battalion, brilliancy, clemency, delineation, diminish, diminution, diminutive, domain, feminine, finance, financial, fringe, frown, fun, infringe, lantern, launch, lone, lunatic, lunch, minimum, monopolize, monopoly, moon, muslin, ocean, omen, orphan, outline, permanence, million (mel), phenomenon, Prussian, raven, refine, refrain, shun, summon, sunshine, tavern, thin, throne, tuition, urn (ar), van, varnish, vein, venom, vine, violin, workman, Aaron, Allen, Alonzo, Benjamin, Franklin, Jonathan, Napoleon, Nathan, Orlando, Solomon, Helen, Josephine, Lillian, Susan. 1 pos. men, even, evening, often, line, mine, mean, meaning, fine, shine, thine; 3 pos. than, noon. 261. When the n-hook is attached to curves, a following s-circle is expressed by being written within the hook, as in thence, or means. 262. Write, fence, lance, opulence, pestilence, ransom, renounce, patience, excellence, thence, violence, France, silence, lonesome, specimens. 2(5.'}. Art In- end of words, this consonant is expressed after straight letters by locating the .---circle on the n-hook side, as in dense, or chmic.c. 2(>4. Write- C'adcnce, credence, decadence, glance, guidance, occurrence, bvon/.e, intense, prince, residence, resistance, sem- blance, tense, distance, pretense, expense, trance, transitory, vengeance, dense, instance, dispense, abundance, extensive. eloquence, (el), di>dain>, detains, Lawrence, Kansas; 3 pos. chance, dance, towns, appliance. 81 265. But the circle is written within the hook when medial, although annexed to a straight letter, as in mechanism. In density , however, and a few words having similar outlines, the hook is implied by the manner in which the circle is written. The writing of the medial n, when its hook cannot be easily expressed, is often entirely omitted, as in transpire, this consonant in such cases being readily supplied from the context. 266. Write: Pennsylvania, transpose, transpire, organism, mechanism, Wisconsin, density, intrinsic, transverse, minstrel, transcribe. 267. WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. Human audience providence .._...fL|. June obedience responsible more-than at-once every-one d .3^. opinion union within, heathen organize darkens-ness cross-examine opens, upon-his some-one our-own fir-instance in-his-situation human-life. 268. EXERCISE 20. 1. To obtain excellence in-any language requires much study - and patience; especially is-this true of Latin and-Greek. 2. She receives-lessons in French every Monday, and-in Spanish every Thursday. 3. That -she -may thoroughly learn her lessons, she- writes every-line over-and-over-again. 4. She will-make use of- these languages in-her European travels. 5. In-his-situation, he- would-be-likely-to improve his health the-more by sailing to- London, rather-than going all-the-way in-a-wagon. (1m 30s). 269. 1. Men tire April when-they woo, December when-they wed. 2. All of heaven we-have below. 3. Nothing maintains its bloom forever; age succeeds to-age. 4. To-crr is human; to- forgive, divine. 5. Many-men know how to-flatter, few-men know how to-praise. G. Learn-to-labor aud-to wait. 7. No-man 6 82 REPORTING STYI.K OF SHOUT-HAND. flatters the-woman he-truly loves. 8. Love is-a-reality which-is born in-the fairy regions of romance. 9. Shallow men believe in luck ; strong men believe in-cause-ancl-eff ect. (1 m 45 s) . 270. Every-one who begins the-study of human-life will- believe more-than ever-before in Providential guidance. (5 times in I m). 271. .?,,. .3 TRANSLATE. .V.v.^..*>4.*.fc V_P LESSON XXL Ambition occasion associations diction section missionary separation suppression election THE SHUN-HOOK. remuneration veneration portion transgression translation assertion THE SII-UN-HOOK. 83 273. A large final hook, corresponding in size with the rel-hook, is used to denote the frequent endings tion, cion, sion, etc. This hook is written within curves, as in ambition, and on the s-circle side of straight letters, as in occasion. Like the hook for / and v, this also, as shown by the examples just given, represents two cognate sounds, viz. shn and zhn. 274. Vocalize: Emotion; 1 pos. auction. Without vowels: Action, attention, abbreviation, animation, dissipation, declamation, definition, depression, dissension, designation, desolation, devotion, discussion, elevation, emigration, evasion, expedition, foundation, impression, indignation, intimation, rational, irrational (ar), limi- tation, motion, locomotion, nation, notation, occupation, omission, oration (ar), presumption, probation, prosecution, profession, pro- vision, repetition, revision, selection, session, submission, associa- tion, acclamation, aggregation, ammunition, crucifixion, promo- tion, dictation, dimension, amputation (emp), ascension, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, celebration, coalition, decapitation, de- lusion, digression, discrimination, division, elongation, emulation, erection, erudition, evolution, exclamation, exertion, exhortation, expectation, exportation, extermination, exultation, inflammation, invasion, involution, isolation, lamentation, location, negotiation, nutrition, observation, option, penetration, pension, perpetration, persecution, petition, population, preservation, prevention, pro- fusion, progression, prolongation, recrimination, remuneration, resolution, restoration, restriction, resurrection, salutation, sepa- ration, solution, subscription, supervision, termination, transgres- sion, translation, veneration, violation, volition; 1 pos. creation, edition, mission, missionary, occasion, vision, caution, option, alleviation; 3 pos. addition, approbation, dissolution, passion, rep- utation, allusion. 275. When the straight letter to which this hook is attached is preceded by a hook, circle, or other consonant sign, on the s-circle side, it will be found more convenient to strike the shun-hook on the side opposite, as in education, or section. 27(>. Write : Election, exception, execution, education, exclu- sion, exhibition, fraction, induction, intoxication, invocation, obli- gation, plantation, restitution, portion, proportion, distribution, assertion, vegetation, reception, reflection, relation, section, station, 84 REPOKTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. adoration, suspicion, recollection, abduction, adjudication, adop- tion, affection, benediction, benefaction, classification, dejection, distraction, edification, expiration, exploration, explosion, faction, friction, infection, fiction, projection, seclusion, specification, sub- stitution, vacation, variation, visitation; 1 pos. diction, dictionary; 3 pos. agitation, application, attraction, elocution (el), suppression, avocation. 277. WORD-SIGNS. Confession dissatisfaction fit destruction .\?...Jb..Jl... examination \J v/ cross-examination , I v^ -^v> L w *^ ^ox^L/x^o invention reduction institutiun representation .x\ ^ / ^-r,^^ reformation information temptation - perfection \J) f\ operation oppression / ? connection revelation revolution suspension. EXEPvCISE 21. 278. 1. The-two offices of-memory are collection and-distribu- tion. 2. Whatever is popular deserves attention. 3. 1-know no- inaniMT of--peakhiix M> offensive as-ihat of-ijiving praise and- clo^ino; it Avith-an-exocption. 4. The-only-thmgs in-\vlnch-\ve can-l)e-k advice, but we-mean appro- bation. 7. Affectation discovers sooner what one is than-it-makes- known what one \voi;ld fain appear to-be. 8. No decking sets- iorth anytlihiLi' so-miicli-as affection. 'J. We-are-never like angels till-oiir pas-ion dii-v. ]i). Charity is-a-\vish for-a-perfect educa- tion. 11. All-is holy -\\hcre devotion kneels. 12. Education is- the-chief deft-use of nations. 13. Love is-the piety of-the affec- tions. 1-1. Take away ambition and-vauity, aiid-wkere-will-be your heroes ami-patriots? (2 in ;)0 s). Tin: s-snrx AND INITIAL x HOOKS. 85 279. The-lawyer raises objections to-the cross-examination for-the-reason-that-the witness, in-making his explanation of-the invention, gives-information as-to-his-own profession, which-has- no-relation to-his examiuation-in-chief . (3 times in 1 m) . 280. TRANSLATE. LESSON XXII. 281. THE S-SHUN AND INITIAL N HOOKS. Civilization transitions dispensation enslave inscribe inseparable economical woman, 1 pos. women trance transmission qualification furniture cessation imposition demonstration 282. The syllables denoted by the shun-hook, when they occur after an s-circle, are expressed by continuing the stroke until a small hook is formed on the side opposite, as in civilization. The plural is formed by writing a circle within the hook, as in transitions. 86 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND 283. Write: Deposition, dispositions, accession, physician, position, positions, propositions, sensation, supposition, civiliza- tion, imposition, cessation, exposition, procession, requisition, succession, vexation, dispensation; 1 pos. decision, opposition, precision, acquisition; 3 pos. accusation, transition, possession, possessions. THE INITIAL N-HOOK. 284. The prefixes in, en, and un, when followed by a circle and curve with which the alphabetic, ^en would not form a convenient juncture, are denoted by a similar hook, as in enslave. This is also used in connection with the triple consonant series, as in inscnbe y or inseparable. 285. Using the proper initial and final hooks: Curtain, drain, drove, engrave, explain, grain, graphic, grave, matron, patron, plain, plenty, pronounce, prudence, utterance, restrain, train, venerable, worn, decline, economical, tribune, incline, woman, criterion, demonstration, furniture, paragraph, prefer, reference, transgress, transmission; 1 pos. qualification, women, clean, cleave, clime, green; 3 pos. transcribe, crown, drown, plan, traffic, administration. 286. PHRASE SIGNS. In-some -TJV s \ I *^ in-consideration in-as-many i. D . ^T-Vr^. \J. - in-his-descriptlon in-his-expression Ol ,. in-his-experience \J EXERCISE 22. 287. TIIK-liKAK AXP-TI1E TWO TRAVELERS. ^ESOP. 1. Two-men were traveling together when-they suddenly came upon-a bear. 2. One-of-thein quickly hid in-the-branches of-a- tree; the other, secing-that-he-would-be-taken, fell down, and- whcn-the-liear came up to-him, sought to feign-the appearance of-di-ath as-iiuich-as-possible. 3. The-bear soon-took his leave, for, it-i.s-said, he-will-only eat game that-has-been slain. 4. When- THE S-SHUN AND INITIAL N HOOKS. 87 he-was-gone, the-other traveler came-down from-the tree, and jocularly said, "What-was-it that-the-bcar spoke in-your ear?" 5. The-answer was, "He-gave-me this-advice: Never-travel with- one Avho-will-leavc-you at-the approach of-danger." 6. Ill luck tries one's sincerity. (2m). 288. The-physician in-his deposition says, that in-his-experience he-has-had-occasion many-times to-prescribe to-men-aud-women of all nationalities. (4 times in 1 m) . 289. TRANSLATE. SELF-RBLIANCB. "There is no surer way to success in any undertaking than a firm reliance upon self. This applies with special force to the study of Short-hand. The most successful reporters we have ever known were those who did not depend upon the help of teacher or friend to learn Short-hand for them, but relied upon their own ability to succeed. Real determination will go as far, if not farther, than natural endowments; hence he who will rely upon the former may have as much, or even more, hope of success than one who is otherwise naturally fitted for the work, but lacks self-reliance." 88 REPOKTIXO STYLE OF SIIORT-IIAXD. LESSON XXIII. 290. THE ST AND STR LOOPS. List gestation stump disposed boaster stranger illustration .?.. KV.~> spinster digestion S, ^-> '\y- ' abstraction. against justify gesture manifest stage honestly Tin: ST-I.OOP. 291. is very often followed by t, forming the consonant double-sound at, of so frequent occurrence in our language, and which is expressed by an elongation of the s-circle, as in list, or stump. Z* 1 , al>o, is sometimes denoted by this loop, as in disposed. 292. Like the s-circle, it may be followed by the s-shim hook, as in gsstntkm; and implies n by being located on the n-hook side of straight letters, as in ayainst. 293. Vocalize: Beast, boast, coast, feast, ghost, host, post, toast, taste, steal, wa>te, steel, twist; 1 pos. moist, steam, steep, accost. Without vowels: Placed, cast, chest, dust, fast, guest, haste, just, justify, list, against, arrest (ar), breakfast, detest, dis- gust, dishonot, distrust, earnest, enlist (el), gesture, harvest, iii- iisposi d, inlV-t, intrust, invest, investigation, manifest, molest, inu^t, uio-t, pretext, stage, star (ar), slate, statistics, stead, stole, .-lop, stomach, sioiv, test, testily, text, trust, utmost, vast, west, 'uiiip, manifestation, almost, destiny, abreast, adjust, bequest, b' -!, blest, bn-ast, bust, crest, dentist, digest, digestion, fantastic, li.-:, forest, frost, gri-t, incrust, inquest, jest, nest, protest, request, robust, rn-t, state-man, statute, stem, stern, stiff, sting, stitch, storm (an, stubborn, stuff, stumble, vest, worst, wrist; 1 pos. A'lu'.i-t, co>t, prir-t, lea-t, still, stock, style, honest, honestly; 3 po.-. last, past, stamp, a!te-t. LOOPS. 89 THE STR-LOOP. 294. The st-loop, when written considerably broader, denotes the added r, as in boaster, or stranger. 295. Write: Cluster, lustre, master, illustration, monster, plaster, Sylvester, minister, spinster, register, obstruction, bluster, strange, stranger; 3 pos. administer, abstraction. 296. Bern. The st-loop should be made so slender as to appear like an elongated s-circle. It will then be readily distinguishable from the str-loop, which is written somewhat longer and consider- ably broader. The large loop, however, should not be rounded too much, or it will be liable to be confounded with the sez-circle. 297. WORD AXD PHRASE SIGNS. To secure facile outlines, the circle only, instead of the loop, is often used when phrasing, as in must-be (ems-be). First Constitution-of-the-U. 8. at-tirst by-the-flrst one-or-two wo-must North-west one-of-the-best one-of-the-most extraordinary mystery ,. Baptist circumstances- r ^~S\ ^^. in-reply-to of-the-case --'' intelligence ^ *y *-* intelligible i*f.,.. ^-...jfij,,, interchange >y S ' after, for-it -s// V" yesterday .-V*!.,..-r^/. ... {TT....I Intellect-Mi postscript \ e\r~^\/^ sometime ..?i.,,\,..,;.?>.V:..., better-than ) ^ P-r n Washington Ter. j.. 1 *"-! \3 in-the-second-place " ^J'" '* somewhat. THE HALVING PRINCIPLE. 95 EXERCISE 25. 317. 1. Always rise from table with-an appetite, and-you -will- never sit down without-one. 2. Wheu-we-feel a-strong desire to- thrust our advice upon others, it-is-usually because we suspect their weakness; but-we ought rather to suspect our-own. 3. To- be happy, we-must-be-true to nature, ami-carry our age along- with us. 4. Beauty is-a-possession not our-own. 5. The-beauti- ful are-never desolate, but-some-oue always loves-them. 6. It-is- better for-a young-mau-to blush than to-turn pale. 7. Every Christian is born great because he-is-born for-heaven. 8. That- which-is-so universal as death must-be-a benefit. 9. We-speak of educating our children. Do-we-know that-our children also edu- cate us? 10. Fortune is-the rod of-the-weak and-the staff of-the brave. 11. Let them obey who know how to-rule. 12. The- chains of habit are generally too-small to-be felt till they-are-too- strong to-be-broken. 13. Keep thy heart with-all diligence, for- out-of-it are-the. issues of-life. (2 m 30 s). 318. We-will-certainly be-able very-soon to-make verbatim- reports of -the -eminent speakers in-the debate by-means-of-the stenographic art. (4 times in 1 m) . 319. TRANSLATE. REMARK .Shortened curves, In proportion to their length, are bent more than standard length letters. Care must be taken always to make a clear distinction between letters of different lengths. Not only must the halved letters not be too long, but those of standard length, also, should not be too short. REPORTING STY:.K OF SIIORT-HAXD. LESSON XXVI. THE ADDED D. 320. MiKht /->^-> r> mighty J \ o v-x_ stopped \ <-*v'f' comrade obliged X date edit / / stood " r 'p void / avoid ^ < , "" Infidel to quite \ betide ]v " swift fortune C^-v_x' \J^_^ per-cent rhetoric Q susceptible ~*s \j) (\ _.. integrity f V^_^^V prominent went awkward ~ ^_^ Presbyterian "^V) /7 -x___-^. X 7 antagonism estimate ultimate > Connecticut ,. ..,-r~>fr^rrT^~. perpetual apart \ /^V x\V abstract ,,...V:.,...V. . \>. X~^ Methodist ^~? . ^-^ y evident . . ..-} .Sv>, intentional [ didactic 1 ^ ^^^ hint 321. Te or de, when follo\\vd by a final vowel, cannot be indicated by halving; e. ii., 'nii'jht is expressed by the shortened em, while mi't/i/>/, containing a iinal vowel, is written em-te. o'2'2. Ilalf-lrim'tli consonants, when standing alone, are employed to denote words that contain but one vowel; e. ?., halved de is used for (?-//. while in <-ie used. The application of this rnle cures uie.-iier Iciribility, since the reader is expected to supply lint one vouel when a .-liortened consonant stands alone. :j'2:J. In the follou iiiLC list, letters are shortened to express the added d: lied, could, irootl, shade, stood, decided, comrade, metliod, instead, evi.lenee. educated, invade, infidel. JJ21. Words compiled entirely of horizontal and shortened THE ADDED D. 07 letters, are written in the first position when the accented vowel is first-place . 325. Write: (1 pos.) caught, dot, east, bottom, quite, esteem, fight, deed, got, heat, did, light, bid, enlighten, God, meet, invite might, night, shot, slight, taught, indeed, speed, A r oid, fit, knot, lightning, lot, soft, sort, spot; vocalize, feat, beat, naught, fought, betide, feed, knight, neat, salt, sheet, slide, spite, steed, swift, tide. 326. In the following list both t and d are expressed by halving : Accelerate, elucidate, fortune, per-cent, percentage, rhetoric, rapid, notify, dispute, active, actual, admit, apart, catalogue, decayed, didactic, covert, cupidity, melt, hint, assault, assimilate, athlete, dissect, dissent, dissipate, expedite, extort, exult, fanatic, hereditary, hermit, isolate, metaphor, oriental (el), ostentatious, perpetual, phonetic, refute, schedule (el), seldom, stupid; 1 pos. immature, despite, fault, appetite, exhort; 3 pos. act, adapt, addict, apt, doubt, foot, adequate, mutual, bad, adult, delude, adept, absent, fat, mute. (Sez-circle), necessitate, systematic, exasperate, susceptible, predecessor. (L-hook), article, beautiful, delicate, doubtful, emblematic, hospitable, judicial, notable. (R-hook), Godfrey, crabbed, crescent, proximate, Margaret, district, lubri- cate, dramatic, enervate, integral, promote, integrity, prejudice; 1 pos. prominent; 3 pos. attract, attractive, transact. (Rel-hook), paternal, promulgate, relent, multiply, federal, intolerable, multiplication. (W-hook), upward, acquaintance, went, warrant, quantity, wayward, reward, acquainted, Edward; 1 pos. wind, Inward, awkward, wild, between, ward, wield; 3 pos. backward, outward. (F-hook), advocate, indefinite, defect, defective, photograph. (N-hook), pertinent, Presbyterian, manipulat 4 e, beneficent, patern, tenant, mandate, banquet, opponent, splendid, antagonism, benefit, return, candid, longitude; 1 pos. eastern. (Shun-hook), dedication, litigation, intention, intentional, estima- tion. (Loops), abstract, obstruct, distinct, distribute, investigate, stimulate, stipulate. (Initial n-hook), instruct. 327. The halving principle is applied informing the past tense of regular verbs, as obliged, stopped. 328. Write: Packed, stopped, stocked, invested, molested, trusted, manifested, transcribed, obliged, displayed, employed, adopted, dispatched, solicited, specified, searched, risked, kept. 98 KKl'OKTIXG STYLK OK .SHOi:T-IIAXl). 329. The principle is applied twice in each of the following words: Artist, captivate, capitulate, estimate, legitimate, illegiti- mate (el), mutilate, ultimate (el), fortunate, Connecticut, evident, protect, deduct, latitude, Methodist, rectitude, cataract; 1 pos. intent, mitigate; 3 pos. aptitude. 330. WORD AXD PHRASE SIGNS. ^ [ 1 Pos. feature, if-it, 2 after, for-it, 3 future, fact. 1 east, astonish-ed-ment, 2 establish-ed-ment. j | ! 1 it-ought, 3 at-it, it-would, it-bad, | : 1 did, 2 do-it, 3 added, bad-it. lof-it, 2 liavo-it, 3 have-had. History ** -, -. will. 14. It-were joy to die if-there-be gods, and-sad to-live if- there-be none. 15. It-is-better to-desire than-to enjoy; to-love than-to-be-loved. 16. If-you-do what-you should-not, you-must- bear what-you would-not. 17. If-there-was-no future-life our- souls would-not thirst for-it. 18. No-one can-be-said to-be until he-is dead. 19. I-like a-good hater. (3m). 382. True wisdom is-to know what-is-best worth knowing, and-to-do what-is-best worth doing. (6 times in 1 m). 333. TRANSLATE. *~ J I ...... s, ....... (^. NOTE. " Use the best quality of writing fluid. There is about as much difference between the various kinds of ink that are generally kept for sale as there is between a charcoal pencil and a good gold pen. And what is worse, very few people have any idea that there is any difference in ink. Any liquid that will make a colored mark, even though it be indigo water, is to the majority of people equally ae good as the best writing fluid. Good ink is just as essential as good pens and paper. Ink that flows freely from the pen should be used. The stand or bottle should be kept securely corked while not in use, so as to prevent the ink from be- coming thick by evaporation or from dust settling in it" 100 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. LESSON XXVII. 334. SHORTENED DOUBLE CONSONANTS. remonstrate J 335. Letters of the double and triple consonant series, are also halved to signify the addition of t or d, as in glad, brought, spread, enameled. In these examples, it will be observed that both sounds expressed by the double consonant are pronounced before the added t or d. 336. Using the 1-hook and vowels: Plate, blade, plat; 1 pos. fleet, flight, bleed, clod, deplete; (without vowels), exclude, inflate, blood, glad, flood, cultivate, cultivatiorf, explode, include, preclude, replied, tumbled, coupled, displayed, tangled, entitled, employeo} smuggled, doubled, assembled, rambled, pamphlet, multiform; 1 pos. plead, blot, glide, plot; 3 pos. cloud, seclude. (R-hook) vocalize, trait, brute, prayed, crowed, cried, migrate; 1 pos. creed, trite; (without vowels), destroyed, gathered, labored, prospered, papered, uttered, shirt, tempered, altered, betrayed, muttered, offered, silvered, measured, treasured, chartered, recurred, scat- tered, suffered, illustrated, clamored, flattered, traveled, troubled, fluttered, glittered, hammered, scrupled, arbitrate, aristocrat, Brit- ish, culprit, gratitude, degenerate, fertile, frustrate, penetrate, perpetrate, pervert, shrewd, vibrate, virtual, virtuous, great, re- treat, regret, grade, grateful, celebrate, democrat, credible, degrade, defraud, hatred, effort, emigrate, third, trade, hypocrite, gratify, vertical, bread, overtake, predicate, cupboard, verdict, thread, dread, intrude, tread, sacred, spread, straight, secretary, demon- strate, Klliert, Frederick, Richard, Robert, Gertrude, Albert, Alfred; SHORTENED DOUBLE CONSONANTS. 101 (using ar), overture, orchard, remonstrate; 1 pos. discreet, entreat, fright, greet, treat, trot, predominate, prominent, bright, brought, fraught, freedom, pride, immigrate, street, secret; 3 pos. crowd, crude, fruit, proud, graduate, scrutiny. 337. WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. fv 1 Pos. particular-ly, 2 opportunity, 3 part-y. 1 according-ly, creature, 2 cared, occurred, 3 cured. 1 till-it, 2 tell-it, 3 until-it. Partake m ajority minority at-any-rate British-America court-of-justice virtue child calculate able-to-give-it spirit with-regard-to at-all-its at-all-times Great-Britain v_ -><--*/ political ^V) ^ prosperity f;"T p g__ for-the-most-part C_X~?5\ delight ii * ' guilt-y f, circulate Cy^" ^' -9 co-operate "^"^. s in-his-secret ( --' (f C*} as-great-as *< ^^ C_^~ in-order-that in-order-to EXERCISE 27. 338. 1. To-do-an evil action is base ; to-do a-good action, with- out incurring danger, is common enough; but it-is-the-part of -a good-man to-do great-and noble deeds, though-he risks everything. 2. Angels are bright still, though-the brightest fell. 3. Men re- semble the-gods in-nothing so-much-as in-doing-good to-their fellow-creatures. 4. Many delight more in-giving of-presents than in-paying debts. 5. Heaven from all-creatures hides the- book of fate. 6. A-good heart will, at-all-times, betray the-best head in-the-world. 7. The-greatest trust between man-and-man is-the-trust of-giving-counsel. 8. The-next dreadful thing to-a 102 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. battle lost is-a battle won. 9. It- is seldom the -case that beautiful persons are otherwise of-great- virtue. 10. A-book may-be as- great-a thing as-a battle. 11. When clouds are-seen wise-men put on-their cloaks. 12. There-can-be no Christianity where-there- is-no charity. 13. What-can-the Creator see with greater pleasure than-a-happy creature? 14. The-last enemy tlmt-shall-be destroy- ed is death. 15. The-better part of valor is discretion. 16. He-is- not-only idle who-does-nothing, but-he-is idle who-might-be better employed. 17. To know how to -wait is-the -great secret of-success. (3m). 339. You-should-cultivate a-good-memory in-order-that, at- all-times, you-may-be-able-to-report the-exact-evidence which, in-courts-of-justice, is sometimes given at-the rate of two hundred a-minute. (3 times in 1 m). 340. TRANSLATE. ? ~v ~ =\ . ?*..-X, ........................ N j / N A have-not on-the-one-hand .......^...S2...1 M-... Sei.. in-point-of-fact. 106 REPORTING STYLK OI<' SHORT-HAND. 346. EXERCISE 28. 1. Idlers cannot-flncl time to-be idle, or-the-industrious to-be at-leisure. 2. We-must-always-be doing, or suffering. 3. How slow the-time to-the warm soul, that, in-the-very instant it forms, would-execute a-great design! 4. The-lcast movement is-of- importance to all nature. 5. The-entire ocean is affected by-a pebble. 6. Nature has inclined us to-love-ineu. 7. The-world cannot-do-witliout great-men, but-great-men are troublesome to- the-world. 8. In-life we-shall-lind inauy-meu tliat-are -great, and-somc-men that-are-good, but-very few-men thut-arc-both great-and-good. 9. A-man is sr.re to-drcam enough before-he dies, without-making arrangements for-the-purpose. 10. I-do- notgive, but-lend myself to business. 11. Good counsels observed are-claims to-grace. 12. If-there-is-auything that keeps the- mind open-to angel visits, aud-repels the-ministry of ill, it-is human-love. 13. Age, that-lessens the-enjoyment of-life, increases our desire of-living. 14. We-do-uot count a-rnan's years until he-has-nothiug-else to-count. 15. 1-have-ahvays observed that to-succccd in-the-wodd we-must-be foolish in appearance, but in-reality wise. 1<>. Beauty lives with kindness. 17. You-do-not believe, you only believe lliat-you-believe. 18. Next to acquiring good-friends, the-best acquisition is-that-of-good-books. 19. I- can promise to-be candid, but I-caimot promise to-be impartial. 20. There-is-no-such-thiug as chance; aud-what seems to us merest accident springs from-the-deepest source of-destiny. 21. 1-have-often thought o1'-de:ith, and-I-tind it tlie-least of all evils. 22. The-greatest dilliculties lie where- we -are-not looking for-tliem. 2.">. How disappointment tracks-the steps of hope! 24. I)o-not-ask il'-a-maii lias-been through college; ask if-a- college has-been tlirough-liim, il'-he-is-a walking university. 25. Genius does what-it-iiKist, and-talent does what-it-can. 2('.. There-is-in-man a-higher aim than love of happiness; he-can- do without happiness, and-instead thereof mid blessedness. (4m 30s). 347. The-greatest events of-an-age are-its-best thoughts. It- is-tlie nature of-thought to-liiid its-way into-actiou. (5 time. 1 in 1 m). 348 SHORTENED LIQUIDS. TRANSLATE. 107 349. LESSON XXIX. SHORTENED LIQUIDS. Institute treated multitude _fJa- made V need ./, ._ laid read failed wild -L..V-1 a\ <^ S3 sweet * i ' wheat - yield around mind wend a...?....~... attempt U(\ * endeavor .??..*......, Indiana. 350. It is often inexpedient to use a half-length letter when the angle formed by its juncture with another consonant is not sufficient to render it readily distin-ruisluble: e. g., in looked, the shortened kay should not be used, since the combination lay-ket, when written quickly, would have the appearance of lengthened lay. For similar reasons the halved ish should not be used after lay; en, ef, or ve after te or de ; te after te or de ; or kay after ef or ve. 1 08 REPORTING STYLE OF SHOKT-HAXD. 351. A final half-length te denoting tute, tude, or ted, is disjoined In some cases in order to render it distinguishable, as in institute, treated, multitude. 352. f~ El, ^ ar, ^ em, and _^ en, are thickened when halved to express d, as in made, need, laid, read. This practice adds to the legibility of short-hand, and gives rise to no ambiguity, since f^ yea, ^ way, ^^ emp, and ^ing are not shortened. Only the downward I is used when thickened to express the added d, as in failed. These letters, however, are not shaded \vheu either the w or n hook is attached, as in wild, around, mind, wend. 353. Exceptions. In a very few cases way, yea, and emp, are halved, as in sweet, wheat, yield, attempt, prompt. 354> Using Id, write: Load, scold, lead, fold, manifold, mould, Springfield, unfold, old, laid, sold, herald, crawled, drilled; 1 pos. lead, leader, mild, field; 3 pos. loud, mood; (rd), absurd, afford, standard, deplored, beard, yard, Leonard, sword, coward; 1 pos. kindred, ordinance, read, redeem, redemption; (mcl), made, mud, amidst, modify, meditate, blamed, inflamed, claimed, blossomed, drummed, toiled, meddle : 1 pos. medium, modulation, mid, mid- night, middle, midst, model, modern, moderate; 3 pos. mad; (nd), defend, end, endless (el), send, defendant, ascend, ascendant, descend, descendant, index, indebted, endeavor, indolence (el), indolent, indigent, indivisible, indulge (el), reasoned, independent, errand, transcend; 1 pos. need, needless (el), needle CeO. Indian, Indiana, indicate, indication, intend; 3 pos. sand. [Disjoined ted), dated, destitute, institute, dreaded; 3 pos. attitude. 355. WORD AND PHRASE SIGXS. 1 Pos. immediate-ly, 2 made, 3 mad. 1 need, 2 end, under, 3 hand. 1 lead, 2 hold, held, old, load, 3 loud. 1 Lord, read, 2 heard, word, 3 hard. SHORTENED LIQUIDS. 109 World handsome afterward r , v beforehand X^f.ifL..f,., behold, beheld downward forward ( v^_ hazard "\ ^v^' hand-writing short-hand / undergo ^ hand-in-hand . ^..., ... understand .rt -^S 7 f> (jreater-than yL.??r...M.>* ladies-and-Kentlemen. 356. EXERCISE 29. 1. Adversity is-the-trial of-principle. 2. Without-it, a-man hardly knows whether he-is-honest or-not. 3. By steps we-may ascend to God. 4. Act well at-the moment, and-you-have per- formed a-good action to all-eternity. 5. For-my-ownjpart, I-had- rather-he old only-a-short-time than-be old before I-really am so. 6. As-we grow old we-become more foolish aud-more wise. 7. Every-man desires to-live-long, but no-mau would-be-old. 8. The-path of-glory leads but-to-the grave. 9. A-merry heart doeth good like-a-medicine, but-a-broken spirit drieth the-bones. 10. Heaven's eternal wisdom has decreed that man of man should- ever-stand in-need. 11. He-makes no friend who-never hacl-a foe. 12. Hatred is nearly always honest, rarely if-ever assumed. 13. So-much cannot-be-said for-love. H. In a-better-world we- will-tind our young years and-our old friends. 15. They-say women ami-music should-never-be dated. 16. Few people know how to-be-old. 17. (J, how-much more doth beauty beauteous seem by-that sweet ornament which truth doth give ! 18. There's- a divinity that-shapes our ends, rough hew them how we-will. 19. Genius makes-its observations in-short-hand; talent writes- them-out at-length. 20. The-miserable have-no-other medicine, but-only hope. '21. Where-there-is-no hope there-cau-be 110 endeavor. (3 m) . 357. The-great-man is-he who, in-the-midst of-the crowd keeps with-perfect sweetness the-independence of solitude. (5 times iu 1 m). 110 358. REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. TRANSLATE. LESSON XXX. 359. Core gall margrave knoll cheer sport cork epicure jealous prevail qualify legislature derogatory persevere tolerable mortal ordinary volun teer-ary INTERVOCALIZATION. cf-| gill moral shoal chart chill accord insurance lecture secure require school corporal North-Carolina California Delaware Baltimore correspondent preliminary. 360. Any letter of the double or triple consonant series may be intrrrocalizcd, by which is meant the vowel may be placed in such a manner as to be read between the two consonants. E. g.; 1 ker, with the dash vowel-o struck through it, is read core. Here the vowel, by being written in this manner, is read after kay and before ar. Second and third place dash vowels are struck through INTER VOCALIZATION. Ill the stems, but first-place dashes are written just before them, as in gall. When a dot-vowel is to be written, a small circle is used, and placed before the stein if long, as in Margrave, and after it if short, as in gill. 361. This principle is rarely applied in actual reporting, but, ft considerable advantage is nevertheless secured by it; for, since it is a rule to form no outline too brief for vocalization, the stems per, ber, ter, dcr, etc., would have to be written out in quite a number of words in which double consonants may now be used instead. In moral, for example, the outline nier-lay is proper, since it will admit of vocalization; otherwise, the r-hook could not be employed. 3G2. Write: Fur, cur, core, cull, gull, gall, gill, gal, shoal, knoll, cheer, sport, fort, margrave, board, port, carve', chart, chill, dirt, nurse, purse, spur, terse, encore, epicure; 1 pos. accord* cork; ^without vowels), course, college, derange, elaborate, enormity, demoralize, impulse, infer infirm, jealous, journey, in- surance, invalid, lecture, curb, nerve, nervous, North, moral, morality, nourish, perceive, perjure, person, shirk, engineer, picture, pilgrim, preliminary, prevail, pursue, pursued, cor- ner, shoulder, qualify, legislature, recall, regulate, require, ridicule, darling, school, sharp, thirst, signature, telegram, till, term, Thursday, treasure, utility, volume, voluminous, vulgar, abjure, agriculture, armful, balcony, barter, capture, cargo, collateral, corporal, corporate, incorporate, corroborate, courteous, culture, decorum, derogatory, calico, director, disparage, partial, impartial, distil, divulge, falter, farthing, garnish, invulnerable, marble, marshal, miracle, nursery, nurture, obscure, parcel, parlor, persevere, porter, portray, purple, shark, singular, tolerable, torpedo, turke}', valid, valedictory, vinegar, volcano, assurance, Charles, George, Jerome, Philip, Martha, Georgia, New-Jersey, North-Carolina, Virginia, Columbia; 1 pos. column, skill, cord, discord, gild, guilt; 3 pos. assure, secure, security. (Sez), persist, paralysis, parenthesis. (W-hook), Delaware. (F-hook), gulf, turf, telegraph, adventure, imperative, California, narrative. (N- hook), burden, margin, pardon, pertain, diligence, jurisprudence, performance, terminate, German, bargain, cosmopolitan, culminate, galvanic, Mormon, northeastern, parlance, Calvin, Martin, Morgan, 112 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. Caroline. (Shun-hookf) , perception, circulation, admiration, par- tition, jurisdiction, corruption, regulation. (Rel-hook), journal, normal, personal, carnal, phrenology. (Halving), carpenter, garment, delegate, departure (ar), invert, dilapidate, impart, market, merchant, merchandise, mercantile (el), mortal, ordinary, particle, partner, pursuant, regard, record, transport, voluntary, volunteer, Vermont, Baltimore, Pittsburg, deliberate, corre- spond, correspondence, correspondent, default, dormant, escort, forbid, parliament, persecute, portrait, purport, recorder, scaffold, scarlet, target, jurist, told, velvet, palpitate, Archibald, Arnold, Baldwin, Gilbert, Herbert (ar). 363. EXERCISE 30. 1. Action is eloquence, and-the eyes of -the ignorant more learned than their ears. 2. It-is-often better to-have-a-great-deal of harm happen to-one than-a-little; a-great-deal may arouse you to-remove what-a-little will-only accustom-you to endure. :?. There-is-nothing that-makes-its-way more directly to-the soul than beauty. 4. We-make way for-the-maii who boldly pushes past us. 5. Your little child is-your-only true democrat. 0. Childhood shmvs-thc-man, as-the morning shows-the-day. 7. The-child is father of-the man. 8. Defeat is-a-school iu-which truth always grows strong. 9. Admiration is-the daughter of- ignorance. (1 m ISO s). 3(J4. Rich-men without wisdom -and learning are-called sheep with golden fleeces. (9 times in 1 in). 365- TRANSLATE. PREFIXES. 113 LESSON XXXI. 366. PREFIXES Compress conduce recommend countermarch contradiction contribution interview introduce antiseptic commodity contemporary interpose commentary community credulity accommodation commission compensation contempt command counterpart interrogation discontent malcontent reconstruct recognition excommunicate incompetent antiquary incomprehensible. 367. The commonest Prefixes and Affixes are provided with brief signs, most of which are joined to the main outline. Com and con are indicated by a dot, as in compress or conduce. In most cases, however, this dot is entirely omitted with no loss of legibility. Com, con, and coy, when medial, are expressed by disjoining the preceding from the following portion of the word, as in recommend, reconstruct, recognition. Counter, contra- i-o, are indicated by a slanting tick, as in coitntermarclt, contradiction, contribution. C ircum, and self, are denoted by the s-circlc., as in circumvent, self-conscious- ness. Inter, intro, and cnti, arc indicated by the shortened en, joined to the remaining part of the word, as in intervieiv, introduce,antiseptic. Mai, post, and super, are commonly expressed by the characters met, pea, and .spr, as in maladministration, postpone, supervene. 368. In the following list, the prefixes printed in italics are to be represented by the signs just explained. The syllables en- closed in brackets need not be written. 114 KEPORTIXtf STYLK OK SHOKT-HAXO. Commit, commodity, compass, compensate, compose, convict, [conjtiuual (el), [con] temporary (emp), interpose, console, inten- fere, accompany, circnmnavigate, conceit, conciliate, introduce, con- cise, interest, condemn, confess, countermarch, decompose, discom- pose, dis[con]tinue, internal, in[con]sistent, recognize, reconcile, selfish, un[con]scious, antithesis, commentary, committee, compile, concede, countercheck, postpaid, conspicuous, conspire, [con]vey- ance, convoke, misconceive, [com]pare, [com]pany, [comjparison, conceive, [con]form, [con]scientious, [conjscious, [conjsist; 1 pos. consign, conceal, countersign', 3 pos. conduce, community, [coii]- sume, interview. (L-hook), constable, incomparable, inconceivable, [accom]plish, conjugal, convulse, [com]pel, [conjflict, interval. (R-hook), concur, confer, circumference, circumscribe, incompre- hensible, preconceive, se//-control, compress, [con]firm, [con]gress, [con]spiracy, [conjtraiy, [controversy, [conjverse, enterprise; 1 pos. [com]prise, [com] promise; 3 pos. [con]strue, ??iisconstrue. (W-hook), o.ntiqnary, cozoite'rwork. (F-hook), concave, [con]- servative, [con]trive, [conjtrivance. (N-hook), concurrence, [con]tain, [con]tains, contino, cojinte/'balance, contravene, in[coii]- venience, re[com pense, compendium, condolence, [confidence, congenial, [circum]stance, [com]panion, [com]plain, [con]cern, [con]science, [con]stancy, [coifstrain, [convenience, [con]vince, [coii]tinuauce, entertain, in/rrline, intervene; 1 pos. countermine. (Shun-hook), acco77imodation, czrc?(mlocution, [com]mission, [corn]petition, compulsion, [concession, counteraction, recognition, recommendation, [con] sideration, anticipation, [com]plexion, [con]- cessiou, [con]clusion, [con]desceusion, [condemnation, [con]ju- gation, consecration, [cou].solidation, [con]viction, [con]tcmpla- tion (emp), interpretation, convulsion, [combination, [con]dition, [con]cei)tion, mterdiction, contribution, conversion, interjection, un[con]ditional, [con]gregation; 1 pos. [com]pletion; 3.pos. con- fusion, [com]passion. (S-shun-liook), [com]pensation, [com]po- sition. (St-loop), cowquest, contest, contrast, con^rv distinction, composed, congestion, context, [con]stitute, [con]stitution. (Halv- ing), accommodate, ciraonspect, co?nbat, [conjtemplate (emp), [con]tempt, [comm]and, [com]inent, [con]duct, compute, [con]- seut, concert, [conjdescend, confiscate, [con]sult, counterpart, inter- dict, dis[con]nect, compatible, incompatible, incc?nplete, intersect, PREFIXES. 115 mis[con]duct, recommend, interrupt, seZ/-esteem, anticipate, anti- dote, [comm]andment,. [con]duct, [con]ductor, nonconductor, a;communicate, [commjencement, reconstruct, [comparative, [com]plicate, [coni]pliment, [con]solidate, [con] sonant, [con]- struct, [con] tact, [con] tribute, [contra]dict; 1 pos. confide, con- sort, counterfeit, co?nplete, [con]venieut, interrogate, interrogation; 3 pos. [con]clude, [comm]unicate. (R-hook), [com]fort, con- curred, concordance, convert, [congratulate, [con]gratulation, interpret;. 1 pos. concrete. (N-hook), compound, [contingent, dis- [con]tent, ma/content, [con]tent, [con]straint, incompetent (en- tent), [com]plained, [con]fident, [consistent, [con]stant, [con]- stantly (el), [cou]tent, in[con]sistent; 3 pos. confound. 369. WORD-SIGNS. Construction unconcern confidential conjunction consequence consequent consequential o-o comprehend antiquity consider consideration reconsider. EXERCISE 31. 370. 1. Our-actions are our-own; their consequences belong to-heaven. 2. No-man should-be so-much taken- up in-the-search of-truth, as thereby to neglect the-more-necessary duties of- active-life; for after-all is-done, it-is-action only that gives a-true value and-commendation to-virtue. 3. Active natures are rarely melancholy. 4. Words are-good, but-there-is-somethiug-bctter. 5. The-best is-not-to-be explained by-words. C. The-spirit in- which-we act is-the-chief matter. 7. Action can onlj'-be under- stood and-represeuted by-the-spirit. 8. No-one knows what he- i-doing while he-is acting rightly, but of-what-is wrong we-are- always conscious. 9. Prosperity is too apt to-prevent us from- examining our conduct, but as adversity leads us to-think properly of-our state, it-is-most beneficial to us. 10. Our dependence- upon God ought-to-be so entire and-absolute that- we should-never thipk-it-necessary, in-any-kiud of-distress, to-have recourse to- hunjan consolations. 11. He-who-would pass-the declining years of-his-life with peace and-comfort, should when young, consider- that-he-may-one-day become old, and-reniember, whec-he-is-old, 116 REPORTING STYLE OF SHOUT-HAND. that-he-has-once-becn young. 12. I-would seek unto-God, and- unto-God commit my -cause. 13. The -integrity of-men is-to-be- measured by-their conduct, not-by -their profession. 14. He-who- has lost confidence can lose nothing-more. 15. Confidence in-con- versation has-a greater share than wit. 16. The-conscience is more wise than science. 17. Man's conscience is-the oracle of- God. 18. He-is richest who-is content with-the least, for content is-the wealth of nature. 19. Reasonable men are-the-best diction- aries of -conversation. 20. Silence is one-great art of-conversa- tion. 21. Fear God and-keep his commandments, for-this-is-the whole duty of man. 22. Gain may-be temporary and-uncertain ; but ever while-you-live, expense is constant and-certaiu; and-it-is easier to build two chimneys thau-to-keep one-in fuel. 23. If-a- good face is-a-letter of-recommendation, a-good heart is-a-letter of-credit. 24. The-worth of-a state, iu-the-long run, is-the-worth of-the individuals composing it. 25. Liberality consists less in- giving much thau-in-giving with-discretion. 26. The-human-race is-in-the-best condition, when-it-has-the-greatest degree of-liber- ty. 27. While-we-arc reasoning concerning life, life is gone. 28. Love is incompatible with -fear. 29. Prudence and-love are inconsistent; in proportion as-the-last increases, the-other de- creases. 30. The-most manifest sign-of wisdom is continued cheerfulness. (5 m 30 s) . 371. He-is-happy whose circumstances suit his temper; but-^ he-is morc-cxrclh'iit who-can suit his temper to any-circum- stances. (5 times in 1 in). 372. TRANSLATE. AFFIXES. 117 LESSON XXXII. AFFIXES. 373. Preserving castings *\?" himself . g ~^(S- ourselves yourselves 7s, O "P accountable lordship friendship . "~^ j courtship Si f~j \ barbarity fidelity V/\ ^-/ /. , instrumentality township admissable disgraceful i J^. J / formality .-, hospitality C ^^"^\ W|L " individuality. 1>* 1 T^S 374. The dot and tick are used to denote ing and ings respec- tively, in cases where the letter ^-^ ing cannot conveniently be joined, as in preserving, or castings. 375. The s and sez circles denote self, and selves, as in himself, and ourselves. 376. Ship is expressed by ish or shay, as in friendship. But in order to avoid unsuitable outlines, ish is sometimes disjoined, as in courtship, or lordship. 377. The endings ility, ality, and ariiy, are expressed by the detachment of any letter from the preceding part of the word, as in barbarity , fidelity , instrumentality. 378. The terminations ble and ful are often indicated by be and ef simply, as in admissable, and disgraceful. 379. In the list here given, the syllables printed in italics are represented by the signs just explained. Debility, legibility, fidelity, credulity, barbarity, formality, vitality, stability, instrumental'^, familiar%, casting, observing, hustmgfs, disgrace/I^, seusiWe, advisa&Ze, yourself, itself, citizenship ; 1 pos. myself, tliyself, divisiWe; 3 pos. ourself, ourselves, admissive, township. (Halving) , hospital,'/, individual?/, hards/tip, lordship t courtship, partners/tip, accountable, ostensiWe. 380. EXERCISE 32. 1. The-more-a-mau denies himself, the-more he-shall obtain 118 REPORTING STYLK OF SHOUT-HANI). from-God. 2. He-that-has-never-known adversity is but half acquainted v, ith others or-with himself. 3. No-sensible-person ever-made-au apology. 4. To-love-one-that-is great is-almost to-be-great one's-self. 5. Beauty, like truth-and-justice, lives within-us; like-virtue, and-like moral law, it-is-a companion of- the soul. 6. Man believes himself always greater-than he-is, aud-is esteemed less-than he-is-vvorth. 7. Without content, we-shall- flnd it almost as difficult to-pleuse others as ourselves. 8. No-man was-ever so-much deceived by-another as by-himself. 9. Dignity consists not-iii-possessing honors but in-deserving them. 10. Economy is-of-itself a-great-revenue. 11. The-best and-highest part of-a-man's education Is-that-which he-gives- himself. 12. The -mo re -you speak of-yourself, the-more-you-are likely to lie. i;>. Do-yon -wish men to-speak well of-you? Then- never-speak well of-yourself. 14. When-men are-friends there- is-no-need ol'-justice; but-when-men are-just, they still need friendship. 15. All-men would-be-master of-others, and-no-man is lord of-himself. 10. No-man is happy who-does-not-think himself so. 17. Self-trust is-tlie essence of heroism. 18. Think wrongly, if-you-please, but in-all-cases tliink for-yourself . 19. Do- not speak of-your happiness to-a-man less fortunate than yourself. (o in 45 s) . 381 . Every -person lias-two educations, one-of- which he-receives from-others, and-one-more-important, which he-gives-himself. (5 times in 1 m) 382. TRANSLATE. EXPEDIENTS AND PUNCTUATION. 119 LESSON XXXIII. EXPEDIENTS AND PUNCTUATION. 383. from-day-to-day .,.// . ? -T~~ from-week-to-week <> from-generation-to-generatlon J^f from-house-to-house from-street-to-street day-after-day ...i|... day-of-the-week j i from-town-to-town v year-after-year ^/ hour-of-the-day ^*2 wealtl.-:)f-the-nation ^ \ importance-of-the-subject 1 Cor. 3 chap, 10 verse ..;?... ^C*., <3 r Hist. Eng. Vol. 3. chap. 9, 16 1$ Sec - 13 ' 384. Only very common phrases, such as these, should be ex- pressed by the expedients here made use of. In some-of the-paper, for instance, of -the should not be indicated by the nearness of some and paper. 20 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. 385. PUNCTUATION. Parenthesis dash hyphen brackets period underscore. 386. Other punctuation marks are the same as in long-hand, but are rarely made use of except in correspondence. In reporting, a semicolon is indicated by a space of an inch or more. Little opportunity, however, is given for punctuating short-hand notes, the only practical method being to leave spaces to correspond with the speaker's pauses, and insert the proper marks afterwards when transcribing. 387. 'EXERCISE 33. 1. It-has-been well observed that few are better qualified to- give-others advice than those-who-have-taken the-least of-it themselves. 2. Advice is seldom welcome. 3 Our happiness in- this-world depencls-upon the-affections we-are-able-to inspire. 4. He-who-purposes to-be-an author, should-nrst-be-a student. 5. Books, like our-friends, should-be few, and-well chosen. 6. Every great-book is-an action, aud-every great action is-a- book. 7. No-man-can-be brave who considers pain to-be the' great evil of -life ; nor temperate, wlio-considers pleasure to-be-the highest good. 8. Judges ami-senates have-been bought for-gold. 9. A-man's character is-the reality of himself; his reputation the- opinion others have-formed about-hiin; character resides in him, reputation iii-other-people; thai-is-tho substance, this thc-shudow. 10. The-scenes of-childhood are-the memories of future years. 11. Heaven lies about us in-our infancy. 12. It-is-better to-have- a lion at-the-head of-au-army of sheep, than-a sheep at-the -head of-au-army ol'-Iions. l;i. Conscience warns us as-a-friend before it punishes us as-a-judge. 14. Clirist saw-much in-the-world to weep over, ami-much to-pray over; but he-saw nothing in-it to- look on with contempt. 15. Knowledge of-our duties is-the-mosi EXPEDIENT* AM) PUNCTUATION. 121 useful part of philosophy. 16. The-best education in-the-world is-that got by struggling to-get a-living. 17. Did-a-person but know the-value of-an enemy, he-would purchase him with-pure gold. 18. The-flrst and-last thing which-is required of genius is- the love of-truth. 19. Genius is-the gold in-the mine; talent la- the miner who-works and-brings it out. 20. Genius finds its-own road and-carries its-own lamp. 21. Hope is like a-bad c?ock, forever striking the-hour of happiness, wliether it-has-come or- not. 22. The-setting of-a-great hope is like the-setting of-the sun. (4 m). 388. Phrase and punctuate: There are two ways of being happy we may either diminish our wants or augment our means either will do the result is the same and it is for each man to decide for himself and do that winch happens to be the easiest if you are idle or sick or poor however hard to diminish your wants it will be harder to augment your means if you are active and prosperous or young or in good health it may be easier for you to augment your means than to diminish your wants but if you are wise you will do both at the same time young or old rich or poor sick or well and if you are very wise you will do both in such a way as to augment the general happiness of society. 389. TRANSLATE. NOTE. " Half the work of learning Short-hand consists in acquiring the ability to read without hesitation what has been written. Until one has acquired this ability, which long-continued practice alone can give, it will make no difference how plainly he may write, his notes will not be legible to him." 122 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. LESSON XXXIV. 390. GENERAL PRINCIPLES. Obituary battery betray better defy striven study ousted stead steed staid stood V- ..p... dream philosopher druggist mean meaner meanest meanly meaning meanness demean fatal moderator. 301. Since the consonant signs may be combined in numerous different ways, there arises an important question of choice con- cerning the various outlines which it is possible to construct for a given word, especially when unusual or technical terms and proper names arc to be written. In better, for example, the consonant delineation, b-t-r, may be expressed by four different outlines, be-te-ray, be-te-ar, be-ter, and bet-ray. Which of these four best expresses the word? It will be observed that b-t-r is also the delineation for betnnj, which should, if convenient, be written dif- ferently from better. The tirst two are unnecessarily long; ot the remaining two, the tirst properly expresses betray, and the last better, and for these reasons : In betray, be should not be halved to express te, since the rule is not to shorten any letter to express a to or de which belongs to a subsequent syllable. And, in this word, it is necessary al>o that the double consonant ter be used, since t ami r coa!e>ce, there being no intervening vowel. In better, ex- pres>ed by the last outline, be is properly halved to denote the fol- lowing te. The lir>t two outlines read respectively, battery find obitunry, and neither will admit of contraction, owing to the num- ber of vowels to be supplied. In all cases the number and location of the vowels determine the precise outline to be selected, tho rule GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 123 being that every outline should be contracted as much as practicable but not be made so brief as to prevent vocalization. This princi- ple is further illustrated by the outlines chosen to represent words whose consonant delineation is s-t-d, study, ousted, stead, steed, staitl, stood. 392. Each syllable of a word contains one vowel, and in order that this may be written, it is necessary that some of the preceding or following consonants be expressed with a long, or alphabetical sign. For example, in de-fy the alphabetic, rather than the adjunc- tive, or hook ef , must be written, in order that the vowel i may be inserted if necessary. This is important whether the vowel is actually written or not, since the use of the alphabetic, instead of the adjunctive sign, indicates that a vowel is to be supplied. In striv-en, for example, thfere are two vowels ; hence there should be two long strokes, and no more. Of the first syllable consonants, te is the one properly chosen to be written long, in order that all the remaining consonant sounds, s, r, and v, may be expressed ad- junctively. Hence is deducted the genei'al principle, that for each, syllable of a word there must be either a full or half length alphabetic letter. This, with the adjunctive signs that may be attached, is written with one stroke of the pen. There are, of course, many exceptions to this rule, as in case of words which have fewer con- sonants than syllables, as o-bit-u-a-ry; and others whose outlines will not admit of sufficient contraction, as dream, which contains but one syllable, but re-quires two strokes of the pen. But care should be taken as far as possible to so group together all the con- sonants in any one syllable, that they may be written at a single stroke, as in phi-los-o-pher. 393. Derivative words are commonly written by adding the necessary consonant signs to their primitives; e. g. the outlines for meaner, meanest, meanly, meaning, meanness, and demean, are formed by joining ar, est, el, ing, ens, and de, to the primitive mean. It is true that the most facile outlines are not always secured by con- forming with this rule, as meanest, for example, could be more quickly written, em-nest. Nevertheless, this rule should be follow- ed as long as angular outlines are the result, since by means of it, legibility is greatly increased, and the labor of acquiring the art considerably diminished. There are many exceptions to this, how- 124 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAXD. ever, as when its observance produces unsuitable outlines, as in druggist, where to secure angularity, the st-loop instead of est, is joined to the primitive drug; also, where the syllabification is changed by means of the added consonants, as in fa-tal, (written ef-tel, not eft-lay), and mod-e-ra-tor (med-ray-ter, not med- ret-ar) . EXERCISE 34. 394. Words containing the same consonants, but requiring different outlines: Spirit, separate, support; states, estates, status; stop, steepy, estop; canst, keenest, Kensett; trained, turned, tornado; browned, burned, brandy; spade, speedy, espied; skate, socket, asked; billed, blood, bloody; freed, afraid, forehead; deigned, dandy, denied; rend, around, ruined; older, ladder, Eldora; signed, assigned, synod; Elsie, Lucy, less; bayonet, bent, Bennett; married, humor- ed, moored; scorn, screen, scrawny; estray, star, estuary. TRANSLATE. 1"~k V.VA/.. * PROPER NAMKS. 125 LESSON XXXV. 395. PROPER NAMES. A B c \ ;'j P D F | ' L S v , T J 1 n V G _<:* V f -x w v~ ; o x 3 I ...S...^r... Y S~ "\ J ..f . / *- ? Washington M N ^^ Porter Francis c\ ex Montgomery 1 ^^p^i-^i t " Carlyle ( 0^ /-^~^ Sherman . c r^..r73.rn.."Ji.. Chambers #^ 1S KKPOUTING. 137 429. Ouu HOME OX-TIIE HILLSIDE, DANSVILLE, LIVINGSTON- Co., NEW -YORK, March 1, 1884. Isaac Bennett, Esq., Carrollton, 111. MY-DEAR-SIR: Our mutual -friend, Mr. -Peters, who-is-at-pres- eut iii-the-employ of-Our Hume ou-the Hillside, as-one-of-its reporting-secretaries, has handed me your-letter of Feb. 20, wherein you expivvs a-desiiv to-havc-my testimony in-respect-to steuograpliic-writing. It gives-me great-pleasure to say-to-you, that-for twenty-six years I-have-liad young-men-and-women in- my-employment as stenographers. Such-is-my estimate of-the- value of-the-art of-short-haud, that-I-would-have-it taught in-all- our graded-schools and-academies throughout the-land to young- raen-and-women. Taking all-our institutions into account, aud-the wide range of- occupations in-which-our young-men have-to engage, and-which-are opening to-our young-women, I-would-rather have given proficiency in stenography as-a-part of-a young-man's or-a young-woman's education, than-the-best average Collegiate accom- plishment which any-of-our Colleges or-Universities furnish in- the Latin and-Greek languages. It-is-not simply as scribes for- others that-this-art is-of-value ; for-it-is of -quite as-much service to-those-who attain it in-their-own private affairs. What-an- excellent opportunity it furnishes to-one who-has-it at-hand to- tnake memoranda of things seen and-heard, and -thus furnishing him with-the-means of-fastening in-his mind, and-having at-his service, most useful information! I -have-had on-an average for twenty-five years, not-less-than three short-haud-writers in con- stant use; and-I-do-not-know of any who after my training have- not secured good-positious, ami-kept them, and-obtained entirely satisfactory compensation. Assuring you that-I-am in-the fullest sense a-believer in-the-worth of-the-art as-a-means of added use- fulness in-whatever profession or-calling any -person may-be en- gaged, ami-wishing you all-success in-your pursuit of-it, I-remain, Yours faithfully, JAMES C. JACKSON. (5 m). 138 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. 430. TRANSLATE. GLIDDEN, GRIGGS & Co., Importers & Wholesale Grocers, ST. PAUL, MINN., Nov. 9, 1883. 431- Jos. GARNEAU CRACKER Co., OMAHA, NEB., Dec. 3, 1883. SPEECH REPORTING. 135* 432. ST. PAUL FIRE AND MARINE INS. Co., ST. PAUL, Jan. 15, 1384. v^ C ...T^....A^. .C-- ........ ~. LESSON XXXIX. SPEECH REPORTING. 433. A verbatim report of a rapid public speaker is the greatest achievement of the stenographic art. There are, however, but comparatively few speeches of which reports are wanted; and it is a fortunate fact that the best orators, whose speeches are the most frequently published, are the easiest, also, to report. But it is very I'.uv: l!ut a tsp-jcch a;>;K-Lii - s well in print, in the precise language in which it was delivered. A certain amount of tautology and repetition add to the force of a spoken address, which in a orinted report must be discarded. Many allusions, and even whole sentences, may oftentimes be profitably omitted; and the rhetoric- 140 KEPORTIXG STYLE OF SHOUT-HAND. of an extemporaneous speech can generally be improved. These matters lie clearly within the scope of the stenographer's duty; but the best plan is always, when possible, to submit to the speaker himself an exact copy, written on paper with a broad margin, in order that he may amend and remodel as he sees fit. 434. The student will find the following suggestions of value, whether he intends making a business of this branch of reporting or not. Fully prepare yourself before the speech begins. Obtain a seat, one at a desk if possible, within easy hearing of the speaker. Have yourself amply provided with writing material. Use a pen, if you are accustomed to one; otherwise, have a number of sharpened pencils at hand. 435. No matter what the purpose of your report may be, make it a point, far as you are able, to take every word that is uttered. If the entire speech is not wanted, you can prepare an intelligent synopsis from your full short-hand notes; but an abridgement made in shorl-li-uid while the speech is being delivered, is by no means satisfactory. 43(>. Beginners are sometimes obliged, however, before they can follow a rapid speaker, to make as full a synopsis as they are able, recording the 1 substance only of what is said. And it is common- ly the case, indeed, that only partial reports of very rapid speakers are wanted. 437. A complete report of a speech requires that many things be inserted, which, verbally, are not a part of the address itself, things acted rather than said. The manner and appearance of the speaker should be described ; also, the character of the audience, and the demonstrations of approval, or otherwise, with which the .speaker's utterances are received. EXERCISE 3'J. 438. 1. As-it-is-the-characteristic of-great wits to say-much in-few wonN, so-it-is of-small wits to-talk much and-say-nothing. '2. It-is-when yon-come close-to-a-man in-conversation that-you discover \vha1-his real abilities are. 3. Speech-making is -a knack. 4. Men are-horn with-two eyes, but-with-one tongue, in-order- that-they should see twice as-much-as they-say. (1 m). SPEECH KEPOHTIXG. 141 439. THE-PRESENT-AGE. CHAXXIXG. 1. The-remarks now-made on literature might-be extended to- the fine-arts. 2. In-these we see, too, the-tendency to-universal- ity. It- is -said, that-the-spirit of-tlie great artists has died out; but-the taste for- their works is spreading. 3. By- the improvements of engraving, and-the invention of casts, tlie-genius of-the great- masters is going abroad. 4. Their conceptions are no-longer pent up in galleries open-to but few, but meet us in-our homes, and- are-the household pleasures of millions. 5. Works designed for- the halls ami-eyes of emperors, popes, and-noblcs, find their-\vay, in no poor representations, in humble dwellings, and-sometimes give-a consciousness of-kindred powers to-the child of poverty. 6. The-art of drawing, which lies at-the-foundation of-most of- the fine-arts, and-is-the-best education of-the eye for-uature, is- becoming-a branch of-common education, and-in some countries is taught in-schools to-which all-classes are admitted. 7. I-am reminded by-this remark of-the-most striking feature of-our times, as showing its tendency to-universality, and-that-is-the unparalleled and-constantly accelerated diffusion of-education. This greatest of-arts, as-yet little understood, is making sure progress, because-its principles are-more-and-more sought in- the-common nature of man ; and-the great-truth is spreading, that- every-man has-a-right to-its aid. 8. Accordingly education is- becomiiig-the-work of nations. 9. Even in-the despotic govern- ments of Europe schools are open for-every child without-distinc- tion; and-not-only-the elements of-rcadingand-writing, but-music and-drawing are taught, and-a foundation is laid for future progress in history, geography, and-physical science. 10. The- greatest minds are at-work on-popular education. 11. The- revenuesof states are applied most liberally, not-to-the universities for-the few, but to-the common-schools. 12. Undoubtedly much remaius-to-be-done ; especially a-nevv rank in-society is-to-be given to-the teacher; but even in-this-respect a-revolution has commenced, and-we-are beginning to-look ou-the guides of-the young as-the chief benefactors of -mankind. (4 m) . 142 440. REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. TRANSLATE. ~2 _JT_V CONVENTION REPORTING. 143 LESSON XL. CONVENTION REPORTING. 441 . Stenographers are employed to report the proceedings of various deliberative assemblies, as legislatures, constitutional, and the more important political conventions, and professional and trades-men's associations. These reports arc commonly furnished to newspapers, and also frequently published in book form. The purposes for which they are made, and the degrees of fullness required are so various, that no comprehensive rules can be laid down Milticient to govern the reporter in every case. The follow- ing suggestions, however, will be found of value. 44*2. The stenographer should if possible be seated near, or at the same table with the orticial secretary, in order that, as the business progresses, he may learn the names of speakers, and those taking part in the discussions. 443. It is the best plan always to take as full notes as possible although an abridged report only may be wanted, since the work of condensing can better be performed when the transcribing is being done, than when the proceedings are in course. 444. It is commonly the reporter's dutj' to take clown all motions and resolutions, except those in writing; also, amendments thereto, and remarks and decisions thereupon. 445. Essays, and other papers which are read to the asso.cia- tiou, are filed with the. secretary, and need not be taken down in short-hand; but the discussion of any question to which these may give rise, should be noted by the reporter. 446. The speaker's name, when announced by the chairman, should be written in long-hand at the left margin of the paper, and his remarks recorded just below. 447 . The official stenographer of the convention should make a record of everything that transpires. Much revision, and the judgment of an editor, are needed in preparing such verbatim reports for publication. This is usually done by the secretary, or a special committee. Short-hand writers experienced in this 144 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. branch of the profession, are often employed both to make and revise, or edit, such reports. EXERCISE 40. 448. PROCEEDINGS OK THE THIRD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IOWA STATE PHARMACEU- TICAL ASSOCIATION, HELD IN DBS MOINES, FEBRUARY 14-15, 1882. OFFICIALLY REPORTED BY ELDON MOHAN. FIRST DAY, WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION. The-meeting was called-to-order at 10 o'clock. President Hogin in-the chair. The-minutes of-the last session were read, corrected, ancl- approvecl. The-President: I-will-now call-for-the-report of-the Commit- tee on Legislation. The-report was read by- the Chairman, Mr. Bush, and-the paper passed to-tlie Secretary. On motion of Mr. Wallace, the-report of-the Committee on Legislation was adopted. The -President : Dr. Treat, have -you any-thing-further to-re- port on Pharmacy and Queries? Dr. Treat: Yes-sir; a-paper by Mr. W. H. Hardy, of-Clinton. The-Secretary : Mr. Chairman, I-would-like-to-say first, that our Treasurer lias-a-letter from Mr. Hardy, expressing regrets for- his inability to-be at -the meeting. The-President: We-will-now listen to-the reading of-the paper by Mr. W. II. Hardy, of Clinton. The-paper is read to-the Association by Dr. Treat. The-President: Now-yon-have heard-the readjng of-the-paper by Mr. Hardy, of-Clinton. What-is-the-pleasure of-the house as- to-the disposal of-it? CONVENTION REPORTING* 145 Dr. Treat: 1-move-you Mr. Chairman, that-the communication be-received. The-President: You-mean-by-that, that-it shall-be printed in- the proceedings? Dr. Treat: Yes-sir. The-motion was-carried and-the thanks of-the Association ten- dered the-writer. Mr. Schafer: I-will-now-present the-report of-the committee appointed to-cousider the-Presidents address. Vice-President Townseud assumes the-chair. The committee referred to report as follows: "To-the President and-members of-the Iowa State Pharmaceutical Association: Your committee appointed to-con.sider the-address of-our retiring President, ask-to-present the-following report: We-do most heartily concur in-the leading suggestions. We- would, however, call-your special-attention to-the following recommendations : 1. That-every registered Pharmacist look well to all impositions from unprincipled persons, in-obtaining liquors for improper use uuder-all-mauner of-representatious. 2. That-we heartily endorse the aiding and-sustaining the-Com- missioners of Pharmacy in-their duties to-the full extent of-the law. 3- The-subject of-revising the-By-Laws had-our attention, but owing to-the necessities of-the-case, amendments have already- been adopted, which fully cover this-point. 4. We-most heartily and-cheerfully endorse the-suggestion, that-the Association become incorporated under-the laws of-the State. A-motiou to-adopt the-report of-the committee prevailed. Mr. Crawford: Mr. -Chairman; I-move-you that-the Committee on Legislation, as expressing the-sense of-this Association, be instructed to-procure an-amendmcnt to-the-preseut law, making- it-a penalty not-exceeding $200.00 for-a-person conducting-a pharmacy without registration, by-haviug-that-matter so-that-it- will properly come-before-the Grand-Jury, and-that-the Court may act at discretion, and-make-a flue not-exceeding this amount. There-are communities where- the prohibitory liquor law of Iowa is 10 146 KEPORTIXG STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. practically a-dead-letter. No Grand-Jury can-be imoaueled to- take proper cognizance of-the law. The-law-maker makes-the law, not-only to-rule subjects, but- also to-rule the-law-makers. Now I-think-that, in-this-matter, we-staud between-the law-maker and-the law-breaker. In-this- respect we-are handling, unfortunately, patent medicines, one -of- the giant evils of-the day. That-there-is-a-demaud for-them, no- one questions. This-demand comes as-well from -the law-maker as-it does from-the law-breaker. While-one-man claims to-call- for-it withiu-the limits of-the law, there -is-a-question at-last about-what there-is-a-call-for. Now-then, we-are-not only standing between law-makers and law-breakers, but-we-stand betweeu-the patent medicine man and-the consumer, between-the physician and-the patient. It-seems-to-me our-position is-a-very peculiar one. Tor-instance, some nostrum is placed upou-the market and-it-is so advertised that-there-is-a-demand-for-it, and- we, as retail-dealers, purchase some aud-sell it to-our-customers who-demand-it. It-is-a spurious article. Who-gets-the blame? I-thiiik-those-who-are doing-business on-honest principles and- living up to-the law, will go forward ami-raise the-standard so- high tlmt-every-one will-be ashamed to engage in-that-business. The-President: The-motion now is-that-the Committee on Legislation procure u-pharmacy law makmg-the violator liable to- a penalty not-exceeding $200.00. Mr. Parish: Did-you-say-that-it-should-be indictable? Mr. Crawford: Yes-sir. I-said-that-it-should-be-a misde- meanor, and-that-the penalty should-be-that-amount. A-Member: I-think-tiiere ought-to-be-a way of-getting out-of it without-making it a-Graud-Jury affair. I-think-it-is-au offense that ought-to-be punishable beiore-a-justice-of-the-peace. Mr. Parish: I-don't-think, Mr. Chairman, that-you-can-find-a town in Iowa, where-there-is-a druggist, but-who-has-a delicacj r about filing-a complaint again st-a competitor. But if -you -make- it a-Grand-Jury offense, they-will-be obliged to-take action in- these-matters. You-may take-it in-any town. There-is one in- our town who-is-not-a pharmacist, not eligible by-reasou-of age, and-he-is violating the-law, and-there ought-to-be somebody whose duty it-was to-take action in-these-matters. CONVENTION REPORTING. 147 Mr. Ellis: Let-us-take-aview of-our position as druggists, the- position in-which we-are held up before-the-public, so-far-as we- are individually concerned. It-ought-to-be our object personally to abide by-the-laws, whatever these laws may-be. (11 in). 449. TRANSLATE. NOTE. The successful reporter of public meetings is wide-awake and observing; on the alert constantly not only to hear what is said, but to know what is meant by the speaker. The Stenographer who does not know the meaning of what he writes cannot be relied upon to make a correct transcript. 148 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. LESSON XLI. LAW REPORTING. 450. Law Reporting, or the business of recording the proceed- ings had on the trial of causes, is one of the most important branches of the stenographic profession. In this day, all the more important cases are reported in short-hand, and, indeed, of so great advantage is this art found to be in the administration of justice, that in many states the appointment of skilled stenographers is authorized by law. In the most perfect methods of administering justice that have been devised, it has been required that some kind of record of the evidence be preserved, and the fuller this is the better. 451. Stenography has revolutionized the methods of proceeding in the Courts; for by its speed much time is saved, and delays, which, during a trial, are prejudicial to justice, are more easily prevented, and the occasion for expensive re-trials oftentimes pre- cluded. In no business or profession is stenography more welcome than in law, where so much depends on a record being kept of the precise words made use of. 452. The Law Reporter must possess various qualifications in order to a competent discharge of the duties of his calling. He should be able to write at least one hundred and seventy-five words a minute, and read his notes fluently. In addition, also, to a thorough English education, good memory, and quickness of perception, he should have a familiar acquaintance with the various forms and methods of proceeding in Courts. The greater his knowledge of law, especially that of evidence, the better. No student, should neglect the main features of this branch of the pro- fession. Especially the forms of such reports should be learned, since amanuenses, and all short-hand writers in fact, are frequently desired to make reports of depositions, referred cases, and the tes- timony received at preliminary hearings. LAW REPORTING. 149 453. The Caption of a law-stenographer's report should show the title, number, and nature of the cause, the Court where pend- ing, the name of the judge, referee, commissioner, or other tribu- nal by whom the same is heard ; the term of vourt, building, town, county, and state where the trial is had; the name of counsel ap- pearing on either side; the name and address of the stenographer employed. This should oocupy the nrst page and be drawn up in the following manner : 454. CAPTION. JAMES MORGAN, etal. ~) APPEARANCES: vs NINDE & ELLISON, _ a Q Attorneys for Plaintiffs. O * I 0*7 . OSCAR A. SIMONS and JOHN H. BASS. R. S. TAYLOR and COOMBS, MORRIS & BELL, Attorneys for Defendants. EJECTMENT. Pending in the U. S. Circuit Court for the Northern District of Indiana, June Term, A. D. 1881. At the Federal Court room, Fort Wayne, before his Honor Judge Walter Q. Gresham, and a jury. ELDON MORAN, Official Stenographer, Indianapolis, Ind. 455. The report proper begins on the second page, the heading of which should show for what party litigant the testimony is taken, the hour, the day of the week and mouth, and the year, when the trial was begun. Names of witnesses should be written in long- hand. The record should also show what attorney conducted the examination. 456. The main body of a law-report consists in the record of question and answer, or what is said by the lawyer in eliciting tes- timony, and by the witness in reply thereto. That which is spoken by the lawyer is for convenience denominated question, and the re- 150 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. ply of the witness, answer, although the reverse is sometimes in 'fact true, as may be illustrated by the following colloquy between lawyer and witness- Ques. (lawyer) Where were you living at the time? Ans. (witness) When do you mean? Ques. (lawyer) I mean at the time the accident happened. 457. Paper about five iuches broad is the most convenient for law-reports. The question begins at the left margin and extends across the page. The answer should begin, and be entirely written, in such a manner as that no part of it shall be nearer than one and one-half inches of the left margin. Answers, when brief, may be written on the same line with the question, providing a space of at least one inch is allowed to intervene. The proper heading, and disposition of question and answer, is illustrated by the exercise for translation at the close of the lesson. EXERCISE 41. 458. TESTIMONY OF JACOB FRY, Continued,. Q. You-may state-what-was the-condition of-the bank at-the- time Robinson built the-dock if-you-recollect. First state as-to- the surface of -the ground. A. It-was like all-other canal-banks. A-sluice ran through there was banked up-aiid stopped up with logs, for-the culvert to-go-through. Q. Where-the Robinson-House now-stands, what-was-the natural lay of-the ground? A. Well up in-some-places; but all-the-waste water ran in next the-canal there, and-the creek rail-down there-also. Q. Where-the Robinson-House now-stands, you-say-the- ground was up? What-do-you-mean, that-there-was-a knoll, or hill? A. Yes-sir, a-knoll used-to-be-there. LAW REPORTING. 151 Q. How-is-the low place now, as compared with-its-condition then? A. There-is-a sort of hole or pond. Q- Where-was-the pond? A. Where-it-is-now, before-the-dock went-in. Q. How-far south of-where-the dock now-is, did-the basin theii^corae what-they call-the-basin? A. About-as-far-as it-is-now. Q. What-business did Robinson carry on-there? A. He owned-a shoe-shop, aud-afterwards started a-tan-yard. Q. \Vhere-were-tlie vats? A. Ail-along under-his whole building. Q. Where-was-the north-end of-the-building? A. Where-it-now-stands, after-he-had-it all-built up; he-had tan-vats clear up to-the-canal. Q. Do-you-recollect any-building being west of-the Robinson- House auy-other-business there? A. A-saleratus factory. Q. Who-was-that owned by? A. By Tyler. Q. Do-you-remember the-year in-which Mr. Robinson built- the docking? A. No-sir. (3m). ALWAYS BE ON TIME." There is no other one thing that will do more towards commending a person to the favor of people in general t&an promptness in attending to his duties. This is the case in every kind of business, but it is especially true of the reporter. In most occupa- tions in which a person is doing business for himself he may frequently neglect it by tardiness and no one be the loser but himself. With the Stenographer, however, there is more of other people's interest depend- ent upon him than in almost any other position filled by subordinates. If he is employed in the courts, or is to make a report of some speech or convention, he may, by not being on time, cause these to be adjourned for the day, involving the loss, it may be, of hundreds of dollars worth of time and, what is far worse, lose his reputation as a prompt and reliable reporter, which, when once lost, will be hard to win back again.' 1 152 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. 459. TRANSLATE. EVIDENCE ON PART OF PLAINTIFF. TUESDAY, JUNE 15, 2 P. M. Jacob Fry, sworn. Examined by Mr. Ellison. OBJECTIONS, RULINGS, AND EXCEPTIONS. 153 LESSON XLII. OBJECTIONS, RULINGS, AND EXCEPTIONS. 460. The main purpose in reporting a law-suit, is that the party aggrieved may be secured iu his right of appeal to a higher Court. There are many other uses, however, which these records are made to serve. A verbatim report is useful iu various ways on re -trials, as, for instance, when impeachments are sought; also, to refresh the memory of counsel and witnesses, and settle disputes in regard to the testimony formerly elicited. 461. For the same reasons they are often serviceable in collateral proceedings; also, to perpetuate the testimony of witnesses who subsequently decease or become insane. Even during the trial, the presence of "Mr. Reporter" has grown indispensable, as shown by the fact that his notes are hourly referred to. 462. The stenographer's notes are presumed to be correct, and cannot be changed or modified except with the consent of the judge, and agreement of interested parties. The record should contain, not only everything that is said pertaining to the trial, but by whom it is spoken. When questions are asked, or remarks made, by the Court, jurors, or attorneys not conducting the examination, or by the parties themselves, the name of the speaker should appear, parenthetically, in the margin. 463. Next in importance to the evidence itself is the recording of objections, which are made from time to time to the introduction of the same, or to any proceeding which either party may regard as illegal. The grounds upon which such objections are based should be noted by the reporter; and should they not be stated specifically, the counsel's argument in presenting the matter to the Court should be taken down. When an objection is decided, the ex- ception, if any, taken by the party overruled, should also be recorded. Exceptions are also taken to the decisions of the Court in sustaining or overruling various motions submitted in the course of the trial. 154 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. 464. In reporting depositions, objections are recorded, and testimony taken subject thereto, uo rulings being made, or excep- tions taken, at the time. A law-report should be as nearly as pos- sible a photograph of all the proceedings had. Hence, it becomes the reporter's dut} r to make a minute of every transaction which has a bearing on the case. Examples of such notes which are inserted parenthetically are, "Witness refuses to answer the ques- tion," "12 o'clock M. Court adjourns," "The railing referred to by the witness is about twenty feet distant," "Gentleman referred to by witness is Mr. Jones, attorney." 465. In some civil and most criminal cases, a report is made of the impaneling of the jury. This should embrace the examination of each juror as to his qualification to act, challenges peremptory and for cause, by both prosecution and defense, rulings of the Court, and exceptions of counsel. 466. The reporter is at liberty at all times to check witnesses who speak too rapidly or indistinctly, or while the question is being put, or objection made. KXERCISE 42. 467. 1 APPEARANCES: WILSON H. SWALES, Guardian, HOLMAN & McMuLLEN, 1 No. 14(50. Attv's Jor Plff THE \\ HITE-WATER RAILROAD \ ( -MM 1. 4 w BELL & BAIXBRIDGE, ^ Atty's for Deft. DAMAGES. Tried at Lawrenceburg, Indiana, at the May Term A. D. 1881 of the Dearborn County Circuit Court, before his Honor Judge Hayes, and a jury. EI.DON MOHAN, Ollicial Stenographer, Indianapolis, Ind. Charles Ashby, sworn on the part of Plaintiff. F.xuiiiiiK'd by Mr. Mc'Mullen. (. Where-do-you-reside? OBJECTIONS, KULIXiiS, AND EXCEPTIONS. 155 A. In Harrison Township, Dearborn Co., Ind. Q. Do-you-kiiow where Longnecker station is? A. Yes-sir. Q. Tell-the-Jury where-you-live in-reference-to-the station. A. I-live on-the pike about-one-quarter of-a-mile from-the- station. Right about here, (referring-to-the map, exhibit "B"). Q. How-far is-it from-where-you-live straight across to-the railroad? A. About forty rods. Q. Do-you-remember when-this accident happened? A. I-believe it-was-the 9th of December, 1879, between five and six o'clock, to-the-best of-my-knowledge. Q. You-may state-whether it-was light or-dark. A. It-was on-the darkish order. It-was-a sort of cloudy evening. Q. How-far is-that from-where-the railroad crosses into Franklin County? A. About two-miles. Q. Wkere-were-you on-the evening that-this-accident hap- pened? A. At my house, standing out on-the porch. Q. What-did-you first hear, not what-was-said to-you - r first state -whether-or-not you-heard any collision or noise? A. I-heard-the collision, that-is what drew my-attention. Q. State to-the Jury whether-or-not at-this-time you saw-the passengc r -train . A. I-did. Q. Where-was-the passenger-train when-you saw-it? A. It- was coming along-down here by-th'e dam. Q. Where-did-the work or i\ ild train whistle if-at-all? A. Right-here at-the grave yard just-gave one blast. Q. You-may state-whether-that work-train gave-auother signal from-that-time till -you-heard the-collision down by-the crossing. A. Yes-sir, that-is-:Ul I-'.ieiii-;l till-the-collision. Q. Now how near was-this train to-the passenger-train when- the-passenger moved away-from the-station? A. Well, I-cannot answer that because -I-cannot see-the station from-my house. 156 KEPORTIXG STYLK OF SHORT-HAND. Q. Was-there any-time when-you-could see both trains at-once? A. Yes-sir, when-the -passenger- train was here in front of-the graveyard, (referring-to-the map), the-wild train was coming around-the dam. Q. Tell -the -Jury about-how-far apart these trains were at-that- time. A. Considerably over-a-mile. Q. That-is, when-the-passenger-train was-at-the graveyard? A. Yes-sir. Q. How-far down toward-the-station could-you see-the pas- senger-train from-your-house? A. To-right above-the target at-the upper end of-the switch. Q. How-far ubove-the-railroad is-this ground where-your- house is located? A. Forty-five feet I should-judge. Q. How-long-was-it from-the-time-you-heard-the whistle till- you-heard-the-collision? A. I-didn't pay aiiy-attention, but it-was-a-very-short-time. Q. Have-you any-thing by-which-you-can measure the-tirne? A. No-sir, I-didn't pny-inuch attention at-that-time. It-was so short-a-time that-I-mnde remarks to-my wife Q. If-you-have-any-thing by-which-you-can fix it in-your- mind without teliiug what-was-said-and-done, you-may-give us your-best knowledge oi-it. A. It-was-a-minute or somewheres about-there; perhaps it- Tnight-have-been that-long or-longer to-the-bestof-my-knowiedge. Q. IMd-you-go-down to-ihe station after-that? A. Yes-sir, Iliey came after me just-a-few-miuutes after-it happened, a-very-short-i line. Q. You wciit-dowu theii? A. Yes-sir. Q. Who-went-with-you, if-anybody? A. Nobody went with-me, ouly-the-gentleman who-came for- me. Q. Were-you there when-tlie-traiu backed up again? A. No -sir. Q. Had-it gone on wheu-you arri\ r ed? A. It-was just-going when-I-got-there. OBJECTIONS, RULINGS, AND EXCEPTIONS. 157 Q, Where-was Miss Hurley? A. Hight at-the end of-the crib. Q. What-was done witn-her'r A. She-was picked up and-carrled to-my-house. Q. How-long did she remain at-your-house? A. I-think two-or-three days. Q. Did-you ever measure the-distance between-that crib and- the railroad? A. I-measured between-the end oi'-the shingle-pile and-the rails; I-think the-distance was-about one-hundred feet. Q. You did-not measure tne-crib by-itself '( A. No-sir, but I snoulu-judge the-crib to-be about sixty feet long. Q. It-is simply a-pile 01 shingles with-a sned over it? A. Yes-sir, that-is-it. Q. Can-you see-the crossing from-your-house? A. No-sir, I-caunot. Q. Nosv-suppose a-party is seated in-a two norse spring-wagon, the hind wheels being-past this-end of-the shingle-shed, how-far above-the crossing can-the-railroad target be-seen? Mr. Bell objects-to-the-question, as calling for-a-conclusion of- the witness rather-than for-the facts. Question withdrawn. Q. I-wish-you-would state just the-coudition of-the lady, when- you saw hei there at-the-time-when she-was-taken-up to-your- house. A. She-was perfectly unconscious, did-not-kiiow-anything-for- a couple of-days. Q. What bruises, if-any, did-you see upon heri' A. She-had-a wound on her arm, but I-do-not-i-emember now which-one; she -had also-been struck ou-the head. Q. Where- was-tne wound dressed? A. At-my-house. Q. Wlio-was-the physician? A. Dr. West, of Harrison. Q. Was she-taken-away from-your-house before she again - became conscious? Mr. Bell, on-part of-defendant, objects-to-the-question on-the- ground that-it-is leading. Objection sustained. Plaintiff-excepts. Q. Did she go away from-your-house, before or-after- she -became conscious? 158 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. Mr. Bell on-part of-clefendant objects-to-the-question on-tbe- ground that-it-is leading, incompetent, and-immaterial. Question withdrawn. Q. Did-you ever work on-a railroad? A. No-sir. Q. Have-you any-judgment as-to-the speed of-trains? A. No -sir. Q. You-may state in-your-judgment, whether-the wild-train was-running faster or slower than-the passenger-train. Mr. Bell objects-to-the-question on-the-ground that-it-is-in- competeut. Objection sustained. Plaintiff-excepts. (llm). 468. CROSS EXAMINATION OF CHAS. ASHBY. BY MR. BELL. EXHIBITS AND INDICES. 159 LESSON XLIII. EXHIBITS AND INDICES. 469. Written documents, as deeds, notes, contracts, mortgages, letters, depositions, etc., are frequently produced in Court, and made a part of the evidence; and for the purpose of identification, and convenience in making references, the same are at the time marked by the reporter as exhibit "A", "B" etc., according to the order in which they are introduced. After the jalphabet has been exhausted, the double letters "AA", "BB" etc., may be employed. The paper, besides the letter "A", should be marked with the initials of the parties to the suit; thus, for example, in the case of Frederick vs. Wilson, the certificate of a County Auditor is offered in evidence, and marked by the reporter Exhibit "A", F. vs. W. This prevents ambiguity in cases where the same document has already been marked with a different letter, as an exhibit in another case. 470. As part of the evidence, also, knives, rings, keys, photo- graphs, or any article whatever which it may be important for the Court and Jury to examine, are from time to time introduced. These may oe marked by attaching a written card firmly to them. The reporter should be careful to identify as an exhibit, every article or document offered by either party, whether or not the same is actually admitted in evidence by the Court, since rejected exhibits are necessary to complete the appellant's bill of exceptions. 471. Half the value of a law report is lost by not having it properly indexed. In the first place, the paper used should be accurately paged, and each separate book or manuscript numbered in the order used. Trials vary in length from an hour to several months. Reference is frequently made, and the reporter ordered to read sections of testimony taken days and even weeks previous. This can be done only by means of a running index, which is kept making from hour to hour, just as the proceedings take place. This should give the day and date of each session of Court, the name of each witness, ;uid the page where his testimony and cross- examination begins. 160 REPORTING STYLK OF SHORT-HAND. 472. Agreements, admissions, stipulations, and the introduction of exhibits, shomd also be indexed. Long-hand transcripts are paged and indexed in a similar manner. INDEX. 473. SWALES THE WHITE- WATER RAILROAD. EVIDENCE ON PART OF PLFF. FIRST DAY, MAY 19, 1881. THURSDAY FORENOON SESSION. Impaneling of the Jury, Vol. 1, Page 1. M. B. Fox, ..... "1, "5. AFTERNOON SESSION. Fox, continued, . . . 1-11 Cross-examination, . . 1-13 Re-direct examination, 1-20 Frank Jackman, . . . 1-22 Cross-ex., ..... 1-28 Chas. Ashby, .... 1-37 Cross-ex., ..... 1-42 C. Ashby, recalled, . . 1-48 Beuj. Holdeu, .... 1-48 SECOND DAY, MAY 20. FRIDAY FOUEXOON SESSION. B. F. Hurley, .... 1-5D Guardianship, admitted 2-3 Cross-ex., ..... 1-03 Exhibit "B", Map of Long- VV. H. Swales, . . Vol. 2-3 uecker, admitted . . 2-4 Exhibit "A", Letters of FRIDAY AFTERNOON SESSION. Cross-ex., ..... 2-4 Dr. L. J. Collins, Carrie Hurley, . . . . 2-15 Dr. J. P. Green, Cross-ex., ..... 2-21 Dr. J. D. Gateh, 2-28 2-44 2-47 EXHIBITS AND INDICES. 161 THIRD DAY, MAY 21. SATURDAY FORENOON SESSION. EVIDENCE OX PART OK DEFENDANT. Mrs. M. Jackman, . . 2-52 E. F. Laraon, . . . 2-54 SATURDAY AFTERNOON SESSION. H. Barneclo, . . . . 3-15 E. H. Bowlby, . . . 3-26 FOURTH DAY, MAY 23. MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION. Dr. W. H. Myers, . . 4-52 Ashby, admitted . . 4-74 W. W. Worthin'Tton, . 4-tJ8 Exhibit "D", Statement of Exhibit "C", Statement of Jackmau, admitted . 4-74 REBUTTING EVIDENCE ON PART OF PLAINTIFF. Mrs. Jackman, recalled, 4-75. EXERCISE 43. 4:74. SWALES IMPANELING OF-THE JURY. THK WHITE-WATER R. R. Co. ' Mr. McMnllen, on-part of-Plaintiff : GENTLEMEN - OF - THE - JURY : This-is-a-case in-which Dr. Swales, who-is-the guardian of Miss Hurley, is-the-plaintiff, and- the White-Water R. R. Co. is-the defendant, being-a-suit brought for-damages, aiid-for-an alleged injury sustained by Miss Hurley, the-plaintiff's ward. Have-you, Gentlenien-of -the- Jury, heard anything of-this-c;i>e? If-any-of-you have heard anythiug-about- it, please-make-the fact known. (Jury make-no response). Q. Did anybody with-uhom-you-have talked pretend to-give- you the -fact.-? (^Juror) Well I-heard this-about-it Q. Did-the-person with-\vhom-you talked say-tiiat-he-was telling you the-facts in-the-case? 11 162 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. A. No-sir, I-think-not. Q. Then-have-you formed or-expressed any-opinion as-to- whether the-plaintiff should recover in-this-case? A. To-the-best of-my-knowledge I-don't believe I-have. I- was going-to saj r -that I-had-not-heard of-the suit until I-came to- the city. To-the-best of-my-recollectkm I-have-not expressed any-opinion. Q. Mr. Keed, have-you-heard of-the-case before? A. Yes-sir, often. Q. Heard of-the facts? A. Yes-sir, and-expressed my-opinion of-the-case when-it occurred ; I-live close there aud-know-all about-it. Q. And-you-have-formed and-expressed an-opinion about-it? A. Yes-sir. Q. Do-you-think your-opinion would-have-any influence upon- yon in-making-up-your rerdict? A. Yes-sir, I-think-so. Q. Do-you-think-you-could-render a-verdict in-this-matter upon sworn testimony of-wituesses here-upon trial independently of-your-own-opinion? A. No-sir, I-think-not. I-have already expressed my-opinion. Upon motion Mr. Keed is excused from-the-Jury by-the Court. (Mr McMuIlen) Your-IIonor, we-pass the-Jury. Upon-the peremptory challenge of-the defendant, the Court excuses Mr. Stone from-the-Jury. By Judge Bainbridge, on-part of-the Defendant: Q. Mr. Hart, have-you-heard of-this-case? A. Yes-sir. Q. Heard what purported to-be-the-facts in-the-case? A. Yes-sir, I-both h: ard and-read about-it at-the-time the. accident happened. Q. Ilave-you-formed any-opinion as-to-the merits of-the-case? A. Yes-sir. Q. Already have-your-mind made up? A. Yes-sir, to-a-certain-extent. Q. Is-your-opinion such-a-oue as would readily give way to- sworn testimony? A. Well I-thiuk-it-would. EXHIBITS AM) IX1HCKS. 163 Q. Can-you-say positively that- the opinion tliat-you-have already formed would -not in-a-measure influence your tiual verdict? A. I-don't-think-that- it-would. Defendant's challenge of Mr. Hart for cause is over-ruled by- the Court, to-which ruling defendant-excepts. (4 in). 475. INSTRUCTIONS TO THE JURY. JOHN B . ) VS. V IX THE DISTRICT COURT, BUTLER CO., NEB. CONRAD M . J GKNTLEMEN-OF-THE-JURY: 1st. This-is-an-action brought by - the-plaintiff against thc-defendant for-damages which- the -plaintiff alleges he-has sustained by-reason-of-the defendant having falsely and-maliciously (it-is-charged) in-the-presence and-hearing of divers good-people, who understood the-German-language, spoken and-published of-and concerning the-said-plaiutiff certain words in-the-German-language, which-would in-the English-language mean, "He (meaning- the-plaintiff) stole my lath out-of-the chick- en house." The-defendant denies he-spoke such-words of-and concerning plaintiff, but justifies the-speaking of-the-words, and- claims that-plainttff did steal his lath, and-that plaintiff did-uot sustain a-good-character among-his neighbors for-moral-worth, integrity, and-honesty. The-plaintiff denies in-his reply these new matters in-defendant's answer. 2nd. The-Court instructs the- Jury that slander is regarded in law a-malicious wrong ami-injury, and-an-action for-it has-as legitimate a-standing iu-a-Court as- any-other-action. 3rd. All-questions of-fact you-will-determine for-yourselve* from-all-the evidence and-circumstances of-the- case. 4th. If-you-believe from-the-evidence that-the -defendant, in-speaking of -the-plaintiff, in -the -presence and-hearing of-others who understood the-German-language, used-the-words charged in-the petition in the German language, meaning-in-the English- language, "He (meaning-the-plaintiff) stole my lath out-of-the chicken house," then it-will-be-your duty to-find for-the, etc. Given at David City, Neb., Dec. 4, 1883, by Judge Norval. MYRON E. WHEELER, Official Stenographer. (3 m). 164 REROUTING STYLE OK SHORT-HAND. 476. SWALES vs. THE WHITE- WATER ] > R. R. Co.) TESTIMONY ON PART OF PLFF. Wilson H. Swales, sworn. i \ v i TRANSCRIPTS. 165 LESSON XLIV. TRANSCRIPTS. 477. All short-hand reports should be securely filed away, either by the Clerk of the Court, or by the stenographer himself. A transcript in long-hand may be ordered at once, or not till after years; possibly never. Before making such transcript, the reporter would do well to ascertain whether more than one copy is wanted, since, should he make use of a type-writer, which is much the best plan, two or more copies can be made simultaneously. The testimony of certain witnesses onh, or a brief of all the evidence in narrative form not containing objections, etc., is sometimes ordered; while again, only an abstract is wanted, giving the testimony to which objections were made, together with the rulings and exceptions. In addition to the usual fee allowed for making transcripts, the reporter receives extra compensation for the work of making such briefs and abstracts. In all cases, the stenographer has a right to hold the transcript until his fees are paid. 478. Original notes are always taken hurriedly, and need more or less revision and condensation when transcribed into long-hand. In this matter the reporter is allowed some discretion. Answers of witnesses with few exceptions should be written as spoken, but the language of interrogatories should be corrected if imgrammatical, and may be abbreviated often with advantage. Lawyers not uncommonly indulge in repetitions which have only the effect of lumbering the record, and should in many cases be entirely excluded from the transcript. 479. Notes should be transcribed in the order taken, and one side only of the paper be written upon. Ample margin for the notes of counsel should be allowed to remain at the left of each page; also at the top, so that the sheets may be bound together. 480. Every interrogatory should be numbered, beginning anew with the testimony of each witness. The transcript, when com- 166 REPORTING STYLE CM'' SHORT-HAND. plete, is paged and indexed, and bound firmly into volumes of convenient size. 481. STATE OF INDIANA vs. LYON. CROSS-EXAMINATION OF MRS. RACHEL STOWB, Continued. TRANSCRIPTS. 107 482. TRANSCRIPT. STATE OF INDIANA] H. W. HARRINGTON, on part Prosecution. DANIEL W. VOORHES, LYOX. for Defendant. CROSS-EXAMINATION OF MRS. RACHEL STOWE, Continued. Ques. 31. How far were you standing from the corner tree when you heard the report of the pistol? Y;i>. About as far from it as I am from the stove there (referring to the stove about sixteen feet distant). Ques. 32. You say you heard two shots; now was it a long or short space of time that elapsed between them? Aus. It seemed to me rather long. Ques. 33. Well, how long? Ans. Perhaps a minute. Ques. 34. Are you certain a* much as that? Aus. Yes sir, that long anyway. Ques. 35. Will you please indicate the time that elapsed as nearly as you cau remember it, by tapping with my knife upon the desk? (Mrs. Stowe taps twice: time, eighteen seconds, by the report- er's watch). Ques. 3G. How far was your boy standing from you at the time? Ans. About as far away from me as that gentleman, (referring to Senator Voorhes). Ques. 37. Were not remarks passed between you and the boy during the time between the shots? Ans. Yes sir, my boy first said Objection. Ques. 38. Did not he know one of the men on horse-back, and did not he say "He has shot '' ? Mr. Griffith objects to the question on the ground that it is not proper cross-examination ; also, that it misrepresents the witness. Objection overruled. Defendant excepts. 168 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. EXERCISE 44. 483. [Heading, Question and Answer, Objections, etc., to be arranged by the student in the proper manner]. Benj. T. Frederick vs. James Wilson. Appearances: Timothy Brown, Attorney for Contestant. J. H. Bradley, Attorney for Con- testee. Contested Election. For the office of Representative In Congress for the Fifth District of Iowa. Cause pending in the House of Representatives of the United States of America. Testi- mony taken before Eldon Moran, Stenographer and Commissioner, during the months of February, March, April, and May, 1883. Evidence on part of Contestant. Session at Marshalltown, Iowa, March 5, 1883. A. N. French, sworn on-part of contestant. You- may-state if-you-are-the Auditor of Marshall-County, Iowa, and- have-now iu-your possession the-poll-books which-were returned to-you from Washington Township? Yes-sir, I-am Auditor, and- have-them. Please-take-the poll-book, und-read so-that-the Com- missioner can-take-it-down, giving the-mnnber of -votes that-were cast in-that Township for-each-Candidate for-Congrcss at-the November-election 1882. I-uuderstaiid you-want-the certificates just-as they-were returned? Yes-sir. For Rcpresentative-in- Congress there-were 110 votes cast, of-which James Wilson had 45; Benj. T. Frederick 52; and David Plainer 13. Is-that-the- number of -votes for-each-Candidate returned in-the abstract made by -the County canvassers to-the Board of-State-canvasser>? Yes- sir, thc-same-nuinber. Please-tuni to-the poll-book of Marietta Town -!iii) anil-state how-many-votes WITH returned fro in -that township for-the office of-Representative-in-Congress by-the Trustees of-that township, as-shown by-the poll-books, and-read it off so-tliat-it-may-be taken-down by-t.he Commissioner. (Read- ing from poll-book) For-Representativc-in-Congress, Fifth Dis- trict, there were 123 ballot*, of-whieh James Wilson had 81 ; Bcnj. T. Fmler'.rk 87; and David Plainer 5. Plcase-turn to-the poll- book of he-Urande Township, and state how-many-votes were cast for-each C'andidate at-the-lastXovember-election,for-the office of-Representative-in-Congrcss, Fifth District. (Reading from poll- book) For-the office of-Representative-iu-Congress, Fifth Dis- TRANSCRIPTS. 160 trict, there-were 263 ballots cast, of-which James Wilson had 180; Beiij. T. Frederick 78; ami-David Plainer 5. Now state if-your returns made for Washington, Bangor, and- Marietta Townships, were-the-same as-shown by-the-poll-books. I-\\ ill-have-to-look and-sce. First, I-will-ask-you, if-you-have-a copy of-the returns made by-the County canvasser to-the State-canvasser? Yes-sir, I- have. Now state as-to Washington Township, how-many-votes for-the office of-Representative-in-Con,irre.ss were returned to-the State-canvassers for-this Township. For James Wilson 45; B. T. Frederick 52; David Platner 13. Now state with-reference-to Marietta Township. James Wilson 81 ; R T. Frederick 37 ? David Plainer 5. These numbers correspond v>ith-the poll-book. State, also, with-reference-to Le-Grande Township. The schedule shows James Wilson received 180 votes; B.T.Frederick 78; aud-David Platner 5. These numbers are-the-same as-those I-read from-the poll-book. Now state with-reference-to Bangor. For-the office of-Represeutative-in-Congress, there-were 85 ballots cast, of- which James Wilson had 75; B. T. Frederick 2; and- David Plntner 12. The-abstract also shows Wilson to-have -received 75 ; Frederick 2: aud-Platner 12. Excused. (5m). SUGGESTION. " As soon as you are able to apply all the principles cor- rectly, you can not do better than to make all your memoranda in short- hand. This will be of help to you in several ways. It will develop con- fidence in your work, a thing which most beginners are very apt to lack. By making note of items upon which something of importance depends, and trusting wholly to your notes for them, you will soon find yourself feeling just as certain of their meaning as you would were they written in long-hand, a feeling you must have if you would make a successful re- porter. Another advantage to be derived from such a habit is the con- stant practice which it gives. The greatest advantage, however, of form- ing the habit of using short-hand in making memoranda is in the fact that, since it can be done so easily and rapidly, one is far more apt to note down many little things which, were it necessary to write them out in long-hand would be neglected altogether.'' 170 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HA>'D LESSON XLV. PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT. 484. The reporter should be prompt in his attendance upon Court, and in the preparation of transcripts ; diligent and accommo- dating as an officer. 485. It is not unusual for him to be made the confidant of the Judge, and for this reason he should exercise the greater caution, since he is the more subject to interested inquiry. He is expected to make a true and impartial record; and, to avoid all inference of prejudice, it is by far the best policy to say nothing whatever about the case during the trial. He should be trustworthy, and mix suavity with discretion. 486. lu the heat of an exciting trial, when the feelings and apprehensions of adverse parties are most awakened, the slightest look, movement, or insinuation on the reporter's part, is liable to be construed into an indication of prejudice or partiality. The utmost care and circumspection are necessary to prevent such reflections, which are sometimes carried even to the extent of a question as to the integrity of the report. EXERCISE 45. 487. 1 TIMOTHY BROWX, FREDERICK Att u . for Contestant. w v ' J. II. BRADLEY, ] Att>j..fnr Contests. KVIDKXCE OX PART OF COXTESTEE. Session at Marshalltown, Iowa, April 12, 1883. James K. Johnson, sworn. Examined by Judge Bradley. Q. What official-position il'-any do-you hold? A. I-ani deputy-clerk. Q. Have-you-examined-the naturalization records of-this- countv? PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT. 171 A. Yes-sir, also all-the-records of naturalization that-have- Oeen kept by-the Circuit and-District-Courts. Q. Have-you-made-a-memorantlum of-whatthese-recorcls show concerniiig-the naturalization of-certaiii-persons? A. 1-have. Mr. -Brown on-part of Contestant objects to-the testimony of- this-witness on-the-ground that-it-is incompetent ami-immaterial, thu-origmal record books only being admissible as-eviclence. Q. I-will-ask-your attention to-the declaratory statement made by James Dunn. State-whether-you ever examined the-record of- the naturalization of-such-a-person, aucl-if-so, wheu-did-you find that-it-was-made? Mr. -Brown on-part of Contestant objects-to-the-question on- the-grouiid that-it-is incompetent and-immaterial. The-original books themselves are-the-best evidence, and-the witness should- not-be-allowed to-testify u from any-document other-than these- books themselves. A. I-have examined-the-records carefully, and-flnd that-there- are two James Dunns. One made-his declaratory statement ou-the 28th of July, 1856; the-other made-his declaratory statement on-the 12th of-Dec., 18G6. I-also found from-a careful examination of- the naturalization records of-the District and-Circuit-Court Journals from-the-beginning, that-is, from Journal A down to-the time-when-the naturalization records were begun, that-there-is-no record of James Dunn's having-been naturalized. Mr. -Brown on-part of Contestant objects-to answer of-witness on-the-gronnd that-it-is incompetent and-immaterial, since-it purports to-be-a statement of-the oflicial records, the-same not- being produced. Q. Then we-understand you as testifying that-there-is-no record of any second-papers ever-having-been issued to any-such person? A. No-sir. Q. To any James Dunn, or James Dunn, Jr.? A. No-sir. Q. What-do-the records show with-reference-to Patrick Dunn? A. On-the 27th of-August, 18GG, Patrick Dunn made-his declar- 172 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT-HAND. atory statement, but-there-is-uo record of-his ever-having-been naturalized. Mr. -Brown on-part of Contestant moves that-the -answer be- stricken out as incompetent and immaterial, being-the statement of-what-the-records contain, without-the-same being produced. Q. No-evidence at-all? A. No-sir, uo'.ie Q. Now I-will-ask-your attention to William Broadhead. A. He-filed his declaratory statement on-the 3d of Nov., 1868. There-are-no records of-his subsequent naturalization. Contestant moves to-strike same -as -above. Q. Is-this-the-gentleman known as Uncle Billy Broadhead, who- lives in-the poor-house? A. Tlie-naine is-the-same, and-1-suppose u-is-the-same-man. Q. Did-yon-find .that naturalization papers had-been issued to C. L. Petit-Demauge? if-so, give-the date. A. On-the 22nd of June, 1882, he-filed his declarator}' statement. Contestant moves to-strike same-as-above. Q. Then the-first papers are-all -that-you found to-have-been issued to-him? A. Yes-sir. Q. Did-you-iiiul ihat-any-papcrs had-beeu issxied to Frank Delaware? A. No-sir. I-did-not. Contestant moves to-strike same-as-above. Q. I-will-ask-you if-you-have gone through these naturalization and -Court-records by-the index, or if-not, how did-you-examine them? A. I-exainined them both waj's; first by index, and-then by- looking c::refully over each pa^e. (,>. State-whether-or-not yon-found any record of-the naturali- zation of Edward Willigrod; if-so, what-is-the date of-;t? A. I-can state the-book and-the page from-memory. It-is-in .Minute Book Number One, page fourteen, of-the records of-the County-Court. Tlie-date is somewhere between 1856-58. Contestant moves to-strike same-as-above. Q. Does-the-record show-that two papers were issued? PKOFESSIONAL CONDUCT. 173 A. No-sir, bxit-the record I-mention is-of-the issue of-the second, or official naturalization papers. Q. What Court were-they issued from? A. From-the County-Court, when Wm. C. Smith was judge. Contestant moves to-strike same-as-above. Q. Mr. Johnson, you-say-you have examined these-records from-the beginning, page by page; will-you-please state more specifically as-to-what-records you-refer? A. I-have examined Journals 1, 2 and 3, of-the Circuit-Court of Marshall-County, and-Journals A, B and C, of-the District-Court. The-remaining records form a-book called First Paper or Declara- tory book. I-examined them all page by page. Q. Are-thei\3 more-Journals than this in-the Circuit-Court? A. Yes-sir. Q. How-far does-the third Circuit-Court Journal extend? A. Down-to 1873, when-the-flrst naturalization record was- begun. Q. And-the District-Court Journal you-have referred-to covered the-same period? A. Yes-sir. Q. Mr. Johnson, will-you-please bring over-the-book contain- ing the-record of-the papers issued to Mr. Willigrod? Witness produces Naturalization Record-Book Number 2. Q. Did-you-find this-book in-the office and -custody of-the clerk of-the District and-Circuit-Courts of-this-County? A. Yes-sir, it-is-one of-the official records, kept in-the office of-the clerk whose deputy I-am. Q. Please state-the title aud-character of-the third book you- now have-in-your possession. A. It-is called Minute-Book Number 1, of-the Marshall -County- Court, kept when Wm. C. Smith was judge. Q. Please-turn-to page fourteen and-read the-record contained therein of-the naturalization of Mr. Willigrod. Witness reads : 174 REPORTING STYLE OF SHOKT-HAND. UXITED-STATES-OF-AMERICA, \ STATE OF IOWA, MARSHALL-COUNTY. / Be-it remembered that-at-a-term of-the County-Court held in- and-for said-County, State of Iowa, on-the 26th day of-February, in-the year of-our Lord, 1850, was-present the-Honorable Wm. C. Smith, sole-presiding judge, and ex-officio clerk of -said Court, when-the following among-other proceedings were-had, to wit: Edward Willigrod, a-native of-Germany, and-at-present residing in-said State, appeared in-open Court and-made application to-be admitted to-become a-citizen of-the United-States, and-it appear- ing to-the satisfaction of-the Court that-he-had declared on-oath before-the-clcrk of-the Marshall-County-Court, two years before- his admission, that-it-was bona-fide his-intention to-become a- citizen of-the United-States and-to renounce forever all allegiance to any-other Prince, Potentate, State or Sovereignty whatsoever, and-especially to-the King-of-Gennany, to whom he-was hereto- fore a-subject; and-said applicant having declared on-oath before- this Court that-he will support the Constitution-of-the-United- States, aud-that-be doth absolutely and-entirely abjure and- renounce all-allegiance to any foreign Prince, Potentate, State, or Sovereignty whatsoever, and-particularly to William, reigning King-of-Germany, to whom he-has hitherto been-a-subject. (Signed; WM. C. SMITH, County Judge. CROSS-EXAMINATION. Q. What-is-your official-position iu-this-county, Mr. Johnson? A. I-ain deputy County-Clerk. Q. Are-you deputy County-Clerk, or deputy County Auditor? A. I-am both at-present. Q. Wheu-wcre-you appointed deputy clerk? A. On-the luth of-April, '83. Q. When - did-you-make-the-examination of - Court - records which-you-liave referred- to? A. Since receiving my appointment. Q. You still retain your position in-the Auditor's office? A. Yes-sir. Q. How much time did-you spend in-making this examination! PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT. 175 A. The-greater portion of-the day and-also most of -the evenings for-t wo- weeks. Excused. (14 m). 488. FREDERICK ") vs. V REBUTTING EVIDENCE ox PART OF CONTESTANT. WILSON, j Jas. C. Cochran, sworn. 176 REPORTING STYLE OF SHORT HAND. SUGGESTIONS. " HAVE FAITH IN SHORT-HAND. There Is probably no other one thing- thai has caused so many people to fail in their endeavors to become re- porters as a lack of confidence in Short-hand. Too often we hear begin- ners say. 'I will try it and see whether I can succeed or not.' The young man or woman who, after seeing that thousands of others have made a success of Short-hand, cannot say, 'I will succeed,' had better not spend time or money upon it, or, in fact, upon anything else that requires a little study and application. ' Nothing is more absurd than to hear a certain class of people decry- ing Short-hand, when in fact they know nothing at all about it. We have known many young people who would have become excellent reporters, had they not been induced to give up the idea of learning Short-hand by the advice of persons who had never before even heard of Stenography. "The young man or woman who takes up the study of Short-hand will surely be compelled to endure the constant cry that there is an over- Eupply. To be sure there is an 'over-supply' of Short-hand writers. So is there an over-supply of workmen in every industrial pursuit; yet people go on learning the various trades just as though the cry had never been heard. The over-supply comes from that large class who only do things by halves. We have all beard the cry of an over-supply of law- yers, teachers, carpenters, blacksmiths, etc., yet a good lawyer, teacher or carpenter is never at a !osa for something to do. You never hear of a Tnan who stands well up in his business or profession making any com- plaint of the competition which he may have. People who can do their part well are always in demand." "The Stenographer, like everybody else, must, in a certain sense, be a machine. This arises from the fact that in many cases confidential mat- ter of the gravest importance is dictated to him, and unless he exerts the utmobt care, he will be apt, inadvertently it may be, to betray a knowledge of his employer's affairs to those who would take advantage of it. Again, it frequently occurs in some kinds of business that the Stenographer is approached for the special purpose of getting him to divulge his employer's intentions or plans. Attempts may even be made to bribe him, in order to secure the desired information. Aside from the moral phase of the question, the Stenographer can by no means afford to betray his employer's secrets to others. Once let it be proved that he bus done such a thing, and his prospects as a reporter will be ruined." From " ONE HUNDRED VALUABLE SUGOESTTONS TO SHORT-HAND STUDENTS," by tielby A. Moran, Short-Hand Institute, Michigan University. Vocabulary of Word and Phrase Signs. A an, and ' able-to ,?,.... .A before, oh 3 before-hand .?..!>< begin, 2 begun, 3 began accomplish accord-ing-Iy, creature *. c accuracy \ * \ behalf . _ behold, beheld X \ V^, belief-ve acknowledge *J acute, 2 acquit act-of-Congresa f 7 _f. belong ^ v v beneficial P ' ^ benevolence-ent added, had-it advantage . advantageous ^ better-than s) r, <\^__ beyond V/ British-America advertise-ed-ment, had 1 after, for-it afternoon i C- ^.y brother, member \ but "X ( & by-the-nrst again-and-again all . V^ Almighty a.-^ * calculate c 3 call, equal * 1_ cannot already America 1 n angel %p>> <^\ / capable _- care, occur ... \ <: '..TT* carel'ul-ly any, In appear \_x \ o catholic i- s~\ /> celestial are as, has _ ^ as-has, as-his, as-is, iVY' O * change / . ' chapter /~\ ^ TT^. . character as-soon-as as-it-were as-well-us Q_P fl {> / \ child /? c .^/^~ Christian- ity , k . i circumstance o f collect V^> combination at-all-times / at-any-rate at-all-its . at-it, It-would, It-had ""f at-all-eveots at-length . ,, at-once *- ^'y* at-first Baptist J / \ be-not, behlod "tf ""o " V* because v Q become \ come comfort , <") \_^ commandment commencement __ ^ commercial \^_$>--i common, kingdom commonwealth f^_ communicate 5L, companion comprehend rv f\,rx comprise V_^ ^ V-a compromise (177) 178 VOCABULARY OF WORD AXD PHRASE SIGNS. Conception concern 9 ex \ concession \) V & danger _ dare-not / I" 1 dark, during conclude conclusion condemnation V~^O darkness Dear-sir 1 ?\ <^)i December condescend c_-e j condescension III condition (^ \> (j " ' deficient <__ degree, agree L deliberation conduct confession / confidence L vD V^ V) delight p . 1 deliver | deuominate-ion confidential confirm . j- congratulate ^_ V. V^c-^ congregation J congress . conjunction > . L ' 7. ^> connection conscience . o u consequence <^_^ e' deride q o O derivative X^ derive descrloe, scripture g ~^ description 1 destruction determination determine L L J develop-ment consideration consistent q Q consonant (j ^ q ^, \j (J ^ did 1 | - did-not (/ differ-ed-ence-ent constantly Constitution of-the U.S. _ construction J 3 (j^O (t difflcult-y dignity c ( L disadvantage consume contact contain | J '/ disagree disappear ( J L disconnect contempt doctor / J doctrine, 3 darken convince ) correct I ( c cownterchange "" " Court-of-Justice cross-examination 7 ./ \ domestic | f downward 'j during, dark F each, wateh / 7 each-are cure y curious *fc- *! s* -j ^/) evt-and-west O ^*L ^ pattern, historian VOCABULARY OK WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. 179 TSffi'cient . electric-ity f //** /"*?_ j* _ Gentleman, 1 gentlemen jj f^ Gentlemen-of-the-Jury enlarge equal, call >_ c ) give give-it e_, ' f* glory-fy essential-ly . establish-ed-ment ) -j good-and-bad _.-> O, fear-of-God V feature, if-it / C tirst X. /^ have-It have-not .S-.1..SV?, have-had *- he ^ sj- \ health-y 1 C. hear, her, here follow for ^ for-the-most-part L^ ^~>\ heart y heaven .-\ Vo / height for-instauce forgive forsake, for-the-sake-of (. c \__ C help hence ^\ o .. heretofore forward from from-it, effort ( o\ ^>. full ..^f.J....i.. function future, fact P ( J XL hesitate s*\ high, l, eye \ V V highly "['"' '" highway, Iowa him ^ his, is gave-it ^irs ,^- general-ly generation f / hie-is, is-his, is-a x-j -s^^" history _ hold, held 180 VOCABULARY OP WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. Holiness home honorable hope, happy how however howsoever human-life humble humor hundred I, eye, high idea if, off illegible imagine iininediate-ly importance-ant impossible improves-ments inacurate in-the-world in-the-second-place in-regard-to in-point-of-fact iu-urder-that in-seeming in-his-usual in-his-expression in-his-experience in-his-description in-cousideration in-as-many in-some in-liis-situation in-respeot-to in-rei'erunce-to m-order-to in-his-secret inclination, income incompetent inconsistent inconvenience 1 <- 61 ^ U ^if.^:. Indian-Territory individual infinite influence influential information Injunction inquire-y, anywhere insigmncance-ant intellect-ual intelligence intelligent into, 3 unite invention irregular is, his is-said is-safe is-such is-seen island, I-will-not it-would-have, out-of it-will-have, twelve it-is-sitnply it-ought-not \j it-not J it-ought-to-have-had it-will-not it-wou Id-have-had it-would, it-had it-ought-to-have it-would-not, it-had-no* it-wlll-huve-Uad January Jesus-Christ junior Justice-of-the-Peace just-had kiiigdom-of-heaven knowledge ladies-aad-gentlemen landlord language large larger-than VOCABULARY OF WOKD AND PUUASK SIGNS. 181 lawyer X-N x- lead / /7 North-western r -^^' Y' x ^-s notwithstanding legible liberty-of-the-people <\ (\ ~) liberty-of-the-press \ TV "* November now ^^--s v- object \ \, V\ objective magnetism in.-ijoty x-x___"x > ' ^ / occur c s ^ of manner, 3 owner manuscript ^^ X ^ S ~A on n c/ on-the-other-hand may-be, improvement member, remember <\ i\ n on-the-one-hand one member-of-the-bar member-of-the-Leg. f\ c \/7 one-of-the-most **^ one-or-two minority misconduct x "^-' "fj'^ opinion ^~^ _ opportunity more, mercy more-tlian j.- c -_ organize "" <5 organization mostly, may-as-well most-likely ^^-xc_^ , ought ' [/ ought-to-have much much-are our-own c>^ OUt-Of must-be mystery ^^ natural s ^2w V -" overwhelm rv_^~v part-y neglect ' ' negligent ^_j neighborhood iSi^^?ii7:.-.J. never New-York-City New-Hampshire ..^^.jTe^ *~\ next nor, near, honor ^*^~\_ fiforth-Amnricft ^...., particular-ly 'V. *\ N perfect k.*:. ........... Perfection ^ philanthropy / ^> phonography ??...;...., . plaintiff 182 VOCABULARY OF WORD AXD PHRASE SIGNS. poverty practicable practice-a I principle-al probable-ly profit, prophet proof, prove proper-ty prosperity Providence providential public-ish-ed punish-ed-mant quality question quick quiet railroad railway-car rather-than reality real-ly, rely recollect recompense reconsider reduction reform reformation regular reliable religion religious relinquish remark-able, Mr. re-member represent representation republic respect-able respectability revelation revolution rule, 2 roll said-to-have salvation sanction scripture, describe second secure senior set-off, set-forth several, Savior shall Short-hand South-America speak, speech special, spoke spirit, spoken square streng'.h student subject subjection substantial such-a-one such-are such-were such-were-not Buch-ought-to-have-had sueh-would-have-htd sufficient suggestion surprise, 3 suppres* VOCABULARY OF WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. 183 Takes-us temperance-ate temptation territory Testament testimony thank, oath, youth that the their, there, they-are t -iciu, they therefore they-will they-are-not thing think this-is, themselves this-system those, thus though, thou three, 3 through to to-be together too, two true truth try-to-have twelve unaware uncommon unconscious under understand union unite-y United-States universal university unless until until-it upon-it upon-hia us. use 't- L..C. usual-ly virtue " was watch, each water we we-are we-are-not - we-will, while we-may we-may-be ... we-rnust welcome well, 3 awhile ... what aware wherefore which which-ever, which, bare / a which will-not f. ,..../-. which-would-have /> which-ought-not which-not which- w'd (or had) not which-are which-are-not which-ought-to-have which-were-not which-will-have while, we-will white who whoever, who-have whole whom, home whose, use will will-not wisdom wish, 3 issue with with-regard-to y .. s~ 184 VOCABULARY OF WORD AND PHRASE SIGNS. With-hlm, 1 wlth-me with-reierence-to with-respect-to within, heathen without witness word, heard Word-of-God world n" ... worship would ye, year- yesterday yet young young-man young-woman yourself. ADDENDA. Children nevertneiess. . will (noun) -- Yours-trnly. satisfactory satisfy south-eastern was-thore t'or-there may-there Instruction instructive English- 'inguage just-as-much- a* ust-as-wcll-as n-the-flrst- placc whether have-there further-tlian VERBATIM REPORTING SPEED. It will be the wish of some, after completing the prescribed course, to continue the study with the view of gaining the speed necessary to record rapid speeches. Whether it is your intention or not to engage in verbatim reporting, the deter- mination of reaching the highest degree of skill you are able, is commendable. Your fitness for success in the higher branches of the stenographic profession can be decided upon when you have finished the principles. To furnish a few explicit rules to guide you in pursuing an advanced course is the object of these paragraphs. A few months' service as short-hand amanuensis, especially if a situation as assistant to a professional stenographer can be secured, is recommended as a very valuable means to the end sought. As matter for dictation you should select newspaper articles, sermons, speeches, reports of law-suits, and the proceedings of legislatures and conventions; also biographies, histories, or any publication in which the ordinary phrase- ology of public or private discourse is employed. Volumes of business letters, and law and association reports printed from stenographic notes, have been published for the use of advanced students. Copies may be bad by applying to the Reporters' Bureau. Your dictation practice should be daily and systematic. The person who reads should be instructed to pronounce the sentences after the manner of public speakers, and not slowly drawl out the words to suit your pen. A pause at the end of a clause or sentence may be made for your benefit. In this way the power will be cultivated of recollecting long sentences until you have written them. This kind of mem- ory, called verbal, is altogether indispensible to the verbatim reporter. Not only can the stenographer more easily follow a public speaker by keeping several words behind him, but, since public orators often, when least expected, deliver two or three sentences in rapid succession, memory as well as speed is needed by the reporter. At this point you may try your hand at taking down public lectures, sermons, etc., selecting of course the most delib- 186 VEUBATL5I UErOKTING SPEED. erate speakers. It will not be possible to get every word at first. The proper course is to write whole sentences rather than merely words here and there as they may be caught. The notes thus taken should be read afterwards, and occa- sionally a carefully written transcript ought to be made, correctly spelled and punctuated. Pen and ink should be used, and a writing table provided whenever practicable. One cannot condemn too severely the habit of some mis- guided students of practicing npon speakers so fluent that efforts to follow are all in vain, getting the heads of some sentences only and the tails of others, in hieroglyphics so deformed as to bo utterly undecipherable. The reporting of speeches may be supplemented by occa- sional practice in taking down the testimony of witnesses, and the other proceedings had in trials at court, before magistrates, or the evidence given before notaries. The form of report made use of in law-suits may be employed also in taking down conversations. A good plan is now and then to take letters and other papers for the accommodation of persons who will afterwards examine and criticise your transcripts. During this period a frequent correspondence in short-hand with other students eq-'.a'ly advanced will prove valuable. It will be a serious mistake if you s^ek to go over a great deal of ground at the expense of thoroughness of work. Leave no selection until you have written it half a dozen times and read it over at least twice. The Reporting Style of Short-Hand. The very latest and most improved text-book of stenography. The Report- ing Style of the American Pitman System is taught, the method now employ- ed by nine-tenths of the professional reporters. The subject is so clearly and! logically presented that no one can fail to understand it. This work unques- tionably possesses the following points of superiority: 1. The Corresponding Style is discarded, which greatly facilitates the ac- quirement of the art. 2. The learner is instructed how to execute the characters rapidly, and given such assistance as will enable him to become practically efficient. 3. No word is introduced until every principle has been explained upon which the formation of its most approved outline depends. 4. The course of instruction is distinctively progressive, and overy lesson accompanied with appropriate reading and writing exercises. 5. Word and phrase signs are introduced early in the course. 6. A series of lessons are added on professional reporting, such as are found in no oilier text-book whatever. COMMENDATIONS. THE "REPORTING STYLE." A thoroughly practical instruction book. HOME AND SCHOOL VISITOR, Greenfield, Ind. This is a brief, simple and satisfactory treatise'. SCHOOL BULLETIN, Syra- cuse, New York. In many respects the best work on Phonography that has appeared for sev- eral years. D. P. LINDSLEY, Inventor of Takigraphy. A complete and systematic treatise on Stenography and the reporting busi- ness. THE TEACBEU, Philadelphia, Pa. Contains all that is of value in qualifying the learner for practical report- ing. THE NOKMAL TEACHKB, Danville, Ind. This book teaches the Pitman style of reporting direct, discarding the cor- responding stylo. It is a brief, simple and satisfactory treatise. STATI: EDU- CATIONAL JOUUNAL, Syracuse, X. Y. A systematic series of lessons that will 110 doubt prove very acceptable to both instructors and pupils as a text-book, and will be found particularly use- ful to those who are undergoing a course of self-instruction. CHICAGO EVEN- IM; .Ji.iiT.NAi.. The character of the work is aptly described by its title, and it possesses the great merit of clearly presenting the reporting style of the American Pitman System, divested of that useless appendage, the Corresponding Style, so-called. [190] University School of Short-Hand, Full course given in the Reporting Style. Young ladies and gentlemen prepared for secretaryships in four months. Sessions continue throughout the year. Pupils may enter at any time. The various kinds of Type-writers are taught by an experieuced operator. No assistants employed who are not practical reporters. A few of its graduates are referred to : W. A. Shepf er, with Yanz, Griggs & Howes, St. Paul,. Minn.; Alberto A. Ladd, with Gen'l Mngr. C. M. &St. P. Ry., Milwaukee, Wis. ; Marion Grayson, with the Conn. Ins. Co., Hartford, Conn.; Isaac W. Bennett, Instructor, Walla Walla, Wash. Ter. ; Coralie S. Roth, with Singer Mnfg. Co., New Orleans, La. ; Bessie Gardner, with Fire and Marine Ins. Co., St. Paul, Minn.; Ralph W. Miller, Stenographer, Kansas City, Mo.; Agnes Lord, with the "School of Expression," Boston, Mass. : Noyes W. Wil- let, Court Reporter, Rapid City, Dak. ; Mira E. Morgan, Stenographer, Santa Barbara, Cal. ; J. G. Dixon, Court Reporter, Boulder, Col ; Ed. W. Dobson, with Childers & Fergusson, Albuquerque, N. M. ; Jno. M. Lackey, Court Re- porter, Montgomery, Ala.; Horace L. Winslow, Stenographic Instructor, Newton. Iowa. TERMS: Full Course in Stenography at the School $4000 Full Course by Mail, Fifty Lessons 2000 Type-writer Instruction by Mail, or at the School 1000 Orthography, Full Course by Mail .... 590 THE REPORTERS' BUREAU Assists graduates in obtaining situations. The Manager is often able to se- cure a position in whatever location the student wishes to live. This Bureau was established for the sole purpose of assisting the students whom we ourselves instruct, and for whose qualifications we can vouch. Since we present the names of our own students only, whose skill we are able to certify to, busi- ness men give credit to our recommendations, and often employ our gradu- ate outright, without the usual preliminary trial month. Over four hundred young men and women who have graduated from the School of Short-Hand are now occupying lucrative situations in all the prin- cipal cities. Perfected Method of Postal Instruction, The most thorough plan ever contrived of teaching Short-hand by mail. Some of the features which recommend it are: 1. A system of writing can be taught by mail far more successfully than any other art or science. 2. The student runs no risk is not obliged to leave home or give up his business. [188] PERFECTED METHOD OF POSTAL INSTRUCTION. 3. Lessons are received at whatever intervals are most convenient. 4. Corrected exercises are invariably sent back by reiurn mail. 5. Lessons are carried in the pocket and learned at leisure moments. 6. Traveling does not interfere in tlie least with this method of teacnlng. 7. Short hand is best U-arned by devoting to it only a fraction of one's time daily, a plan suited to the convenience of busy people, who have most occa- sion to use a brief system of writing. 8. Students are required to write and read the exercises with gradually in- Creased speed. This is the only certain way of gaining proficiency iu a short space of time. 9. No^only is the art thoroughly taught, but full directions are given as to its use in the business of Amanuensis, Court, and Legislative reporting, etc. 10. The intelligent student can as certainly learn by this means as by attending college, and with but a fraction of the expense. 11. By the use of a series of Circulators, students communicate with each other, beC'Mie :r.>qn:itntc I. and a friendly competition is established. 12. Lessons may be received daily, although the student lives thousands of miles distant. 13. A full course in Orthography is also given by mail for the accommoda- tion of those who wish to perfect themselves in this branch. 14. The use of the Type-writer, the usual accompaniment of short-hand, is also taught by mail. 15. Local Classes are formed, and meet for practice every week under the direction of a competent drill-master. TESTIMONIALS. I have mastered short-hand in six months, taking lessons by mail. I have thus acquired a paying business at leisure hours that would otherwise have been wasted. W. H. JKNKINS, Swan Lake, la. While trying to learn by means of self-instruction, I went astray a thousand times. I find this method entirely satisfactory, and especially serviceable to me, as I am allowed toreeeive lessons slowly at times when pressed with, other work. REV. W. C. MADISON, Grand Junction. Col. I do not see how it would be possible to make the Course more complete or interest.ng. I find the lessons entirely satisfactory, and sincerely believe that 1 V i.i\.OA A i \_/ v*rv.L>AJL\_/ AVIDIA./!. j^j.jjrvnx\. x Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. Form L9-25m-9,'47(A5618)4 14 UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES LIBRARY A 000 583 833 9 M793r 1887