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Practical Spelling: 
 
 (■ 
 
 A TEXT BOOK 
 
 FOR USE IN 
 
 Commercial Schools, Normal Schools, 
 
 Colleges, Academies, and 
 
 High Schools. 
 
 ^5^3 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio: 
 
 The Practical Text Book Company, 
 
 Publishers. 
 

 
 EDUCATION DEPT. 
 PREFACE. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 To a young man or a young woman who seeks employment in 
 business, or who would have a practical education, no subject can 
 be of more importance than spelling. 
 
 Any person expecting to succeed in business should at least be 
 able to spell correctly and write a good letter. Correct spelling, 
 beautiful writing, and careful arrangement, in letters, are like cor- 
 rect pronunciation of well chosen words ; or like neat-fitting, clean- 
 looking clothes, — they are a valuable and impressive introduction. 
 
 While one may not always receive the credit to which he is 
 entitled for spelling correctly, he is sure to suffer humiliation and 
 loss if he spells incorrectly. 
 
 A great deal of time and thought was devoted to the prepara- 
 tion of this text-book, and it is, therefore, with much satisfaction 
 that the author observes its growing popularity. 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1889, by 
 
 The Practical Text Book Company, 
 in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
 Copyrighted, 1897, oy The ]Prd\itlcalT.^xt l^ook (\)mpany, 
 
 Copyrighted, 1902, by The PracHcal Text iJook Company, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Agriculture 
 
 Animals 
 
 Annoyance 
 
 Architecture 
 
 Arithmetic 
 
 Authority 
 
 Birds 
 
 Bookkeeping 
 
 Business 
 
 City 
 
 Cities of U. S 
 
 Cities, Foreign 
 
 Clothing 
 
 Color 
 
 Confusion 
 
 Conversation 
 
 Crimes and Criminals 
 
 Death 
 
 Dictation Exercises . . . lo, 15 
 20, 24, 27, 29, 31, 35, 40, 42, 46 
 54. 55, 56, 61, 64, 67, 69, 70, 72 
 78, 82, 84, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 97, 
 106, III, ii8. 
 
 Disaster 
 
 Disease 
 
 Drugs 
 
 Dry Goods 
 
 Expenditure 
 
 Festivity 
 
 Finished 
 
 Fire and Fuel 
 
 Fish and Fowl 
 
 Flowers 
 
 Food 
 
 Fruit 
 
 Furniture 
 
 29 
 
 lOI 
 
 68 
 
 30.31 
 
 49.50 
 
 43,44 
 
 102 
 
 18 
 
 10-15 
 
 III 
 
 112-114 
 
 116-118 
 
 20 
 
 100 
 
 66 
 
 86,87 
 
 41 
 
 93 
 
 16, 19, 
 
 , 48, 52, 
 
 . 74. 76. 
 
 99. 103, 
 
 69 
 
 34,35 
 
 32 
 
 19 
 18 
 
 97 
 94 
 
 57 
 
 26 
 
 98,99 
 
 26 
 
 28 
 57 
 
 Geography 53 
 
 Government 42 
 
 Groceries 25 
 
 Hardware 21, 22 
 
 Hatred 83 
 
 Homophonous Words . .17, 21, 25, 30, 
 
 34, 41, 47, 52, 56, 62, 67, 73. 79. 85, 90, 
 
 95, loi, 104, 106. 
 
 Human Body 36 
 
 Humor 96 
 
 Injury 68 
 
 Insects 103 
 
 Intemperance 84 
 
 Joy 95 
 
 Kindness 84 
 
 Law 37-40 
 
 Laziness and Fatigue .... 55 
 
 Lineage 81 
 
 Lines and Forms ....... 51 
 
 Literature 62, 63 
 
 Manners 79-8i 
 
 Men 76 
 
 Mind 59-61 
 
 Miscellaneous . . 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 37, 
 
 45. 49, 54. 59, 64, 69, 75, 82, 87, 92, 98, 
 
 no. 
 
 Months and Days 118 
 
 Motion 54 
 
 Music 55 
 
 Mystery 92 
 
 Nations 78 
 
 Navigation 71 
 
 Oratory . . 46 
 
 Orthography 9 
 
 Persons 77 
 
 Physics 33 
 
 M118317 
 
IV 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Pictures 58 
 
 Politics . t 44 
 
 Praise . 88, 89 
 
 Precious Stones ... . 105 
 
 Quantity 106 
 
 Religion 90, 91 
 
 Requiring Careful Discrimina- 
 tion 107-110 
 
 Schools 45.46 
 
 Sciences 47.48 
 
 Size 104 
 
 Skill 17 
 
 Society 75 
 
 Sorrow _ 94 
 
 States and Territories ... 114-116 
 
 Stationers* Goods 23 
 
 Temper and Disposition ... 83 
 
 Theatre 96 
 
 Time 73,74 
 
 Traveling 70 
 
 Trees 100 
 
 Vegetables 28 
 
 Vehicles 71 
 
 Vocations 16 
 
 War or Military Service ... 65, 66 
 
 Wind and Weather 72 
 
 Women . 76 
 
 Writing 24 
 
INTRODUCTION, 
 
 Had we believed, with a celebrated congressman — not noted 
 for skill in orthography — that ' ' spelling is very small business, ' ' 
 this book would not have been published. Considering the subject 
 important^ we have earnestly endeavored to prepare a work that 
 should present it in the most attractive, interesting, and useful 
 manner. 
 
 The words have been selected with great care, our aim being to 
 give only words in common use, and those that are liable to be 
 misspelled. They are arranged alphabetically, marked diacritically, 
 divided into syllables, and classified according to their meaning. 
 This classification makes the study of the lessons more interesting 
 and at the same time gives a knowledge of the correct use of the 
 words. There is no better way of acquiring discrimination in the 
 use of words than by the study of synonyms, and many of these are 
 grouped in lessons as a result of this method of classifying 
 
 The parts of speech have been indicated in accordance with the 
 definitions given. Only one, two, or at most three words have 
 been selected from a series of words derived from the same root, 
 varying slightly in spelling or definition. 
 
 The dictation exercises are on the same subject as the respective 
 lessons, and are the best thoughts of the best writers. They will 
 add interest to the spelling lesson, and afford excellent practice 
 in penmanship, and the spelling of short and common words. They 
 may alco be used as gems of thought to be recited in concert by the 
 class, reading from the* open book, or be committed to memory, by 
 each pupil, and recited individually. 
 
 The definitions are short and comprehensive, and of the words 
 in their most common use. It is as important to know what a word 
 means as how to spell it. 
 
 Webster's International Dictionary has b3en used as the authority 
 in spelling, defining, and pronunciation. 
 
VI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The key to pronunciation, carefully studied, will enable the 
 student to know, from a glance at its diacritical marks, the right 
 pronunciation of a word. Correct pronunciation is quite as impor- 
 tant as correct spelling. 
 
 The geographical names include some of the largest cities in the 
 world, and those most difficult to spell. In a work of this kind it 
 is impossible to give a very extensive list, as the number of geo- 
 graphical words is almost limitless. 
 
 Capital letters have been used to begin words wherever re- 
 quired, and the lessons should be written in this respect as printed. 
 
 The use of the book may be varied to suit the taste of the teacher 
 and needs or qualifications of the pupils. We might suggest that 
 spelling ' * by ear ' ' is not a good method where the orthography is 
 as arbitrary and inconsistent as in the English language. We only 
 need to spell when we write, and not when we pronounce words. 
 The dictation exercises should be read through first by the teacher, 
 and again slowly, while the pupils write. The short quotations 
 may be written at the beginning of each lesson, and the long dicta- 
 tion exercises, as lessons, in the order they are given. The teacher 
 should read the definitions of each of the classified words, after he 
 pronounces the word. If the school is small, the teacher, or some 
 one selected by him, may correct the lessons. In large classes, the 
 students might exchange blanks and correct each other's work. A 
 check mark should be placed opposite each misspelled word, and 
 under each error in spelling, capitalization, or punctuation of the 
 dictation exercises. One hundred per cent, may be taken as the 
 standard of perfection, and five per cent, deducted for each mistake. 
 It is well to keep a record of each pupil's work, for which purpose 
 the books should be collected after each lesson, and returned just 
 before the beginning of the next. 
 
 To the student. — We suggest that in studying the lessons you 
 note carefully the definitions, and endeavor to learn the meaning of 
 the words as well as how to spell them. Use great care in writing 
 your lessons, with a view to neatness, legibility, and good penman- 
 ship. You will thus make the spelling lesson a valuable writing 
 lesson, and form habits of the greatest importance in business life. 
 
RULES FOR SPELLING. 
 
 [Most rules for spelling have so many exceptions they are not of much use. 
 The following may prove of some assistance.] 
 
 1. Monosyllables and words accented on the last syllable, 
 when ending in a single consonant (except h and x) preceded by a 
 single vowel, double the final consonant when a syllable is added: 
 as, clan^ clannish; plan, planned; hat^ hafter; prefer\preferredf. 
 When the accent of the primitive is thrown back upon another 
 syllable, the final letter is not doubled: as, prefer\ pref^erence ; 
 refer'^ ref^erence ; defe'/, deference. The following are exceptions : 
 infe'/able, transfer' able, chagrin' ed. 
 
 2. A consonant standing at the end of a word immediately 
 after a diphthong or double vowel is never doubled : as, ail, haul, 
 door, maim ; the word guess is the only apparent exception, as the 
 u does not strictly form a diphthong with the e, but serves only to 
 render the g hard. 
 
 3. The plural of nouns ending in y, when y is preceded by a 
 consonant, is formed by changing y into i and adding es : as, lily, 
 lilies ; lady, ladies. When y is preceded by a vowel, the plural is 
 formed by adding s : as, valley, valleys. 
 
 4. The word/2^//, used as an affix, always drops one // and 
 its compounds form their plurals by adding s to the singular : as, 
 handful, handfuls. 
 
 5. Words formed by prefixing one or more syllables to words 
 ending in a double consonant, retain both consonants: as, befall, 
 rebuff. The exceptions are, withal, annul, until ; also fulfill and 
 instill, which may be ^riiie^n fulfil, instil. 
 
 6. In derivatives formed from words ending with silent e, the 
 e is generally retained when the termination begins with a consonant : 
 as, pale, paleness ; hate, hateful; move, movement ; when the e is 
 immediately preceded by another vowel (except e), it is often 
 dropped from the derivative: as, due, duly ; true, truly ; awe, 
 awful. The words wholly, nursling, wisdom, abridgment, acknowl- 
 edgment, lodgment, diVid judgment are exceptions. When the affix 
 begins with a vowel, the e is generally omitted: as, bride, bridal ; 
 use, usage ; the e is retained in the words hoeing, shoeing^ toeing, 
 dyeing, singeing, tingeing. 
 
KEY TO PRONUNCIATION, 
 
 AND ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 VO-WTEI^S. 
 
 LONG SOUNDS. 
 
 a, long, as in gray, ale. 
 
 e, long, as in peace, eve. 
 
 i, long, as in fine, ice. 
 
 6, long, as in note, old. 
 
 u, long, as in tube, vise. 
 
 y, long, as in style, fly. 
 
 SHORT SOUNDS. 
 
 a, short, as in fat, have. 
 
 e, short, as in end, check. 
 
 i, short, as in ill, fin. 
 
 d, short, as in not, tdrrid. 
 
 u, short, as in ns, study, tub. 
 
 f, short, as in . . . jf st, trj^st, abj?ss. 
 
 OCCASIONAL SOUNDS. 
 
 a, as in 
 
 fi, Italian, as in . . . 
 
 a, as in 
 
 a, broad, as in . . . 
 a, like short 5, as in 
 e, like a, as in . . . 
 e, like a, as in . . 
 
 e, as m 
 
 I, like long e, as in 
 i, like e, as in . . 
 
 . air, ^re, pair, 
 arm, father, far. 
 ask, pass, dance, 
 all, talk, swarm. 
 . what, wander, 
 ere, heir, where. 
 . . . eight, prey. 
 . verge, ermine. 
 . . pique, police, 
 thirsty, irksome. 
 
 6, like short ii, as in . . . . d6ne, sdn. 
 0, like long o^, as in . . . . dg, move. 
 9, like short ob, as in . WQlf, WQman. 
 6, like broad a, as in . . order, stork, 
 
 oO, as in mo?>n, foI>d. 
 
 do, as in book, wool, foot. 
 
 ]i, preceded by r, as in . . r^ide, rjiral. 
 u, like short do, as in . full, put, push. 
 ft, as in firge, biirn, fftrl. 
 
 oi*, oy*, as in 
 
 REGULAR DIPHTHONGAL SOUNDS. 
 
 . . . oil, toy. I ou*, ow*, as in 
 
 out, owl. 
 
 CONSOI^ABiXS. 
 
 <j, soft, like s, sharp, as in . (jede, <jite. 
 «, hard, like k, as in . . €all, su-egess. 
 gh, soft, like sh, as in ^liaise, machine. 
 «h, hard, like k, as in -ehorus, epo€h. 
 g, hard, as in . . . get, tiger, begin, 
 g, soft, like j, as in ^em, engine, elegy. 
 g*, sharp, as in ... same, yes, rest. 
 g, like z, as in . . hag, amuge, re§ide. 
 
 ♦Unmarked. 
 
 th*, sharp, as in . . 
 th, flat or vocal, as in 
 
 ng*, as in 
 
 n, as in 
 
 X, like gz, as in . . , 
 
 thing, breath. 
 . thine, smooth. 
 
 . sing, single. 
 
 link, uncle. 
 
 exist, example. 
 
 ph*, like f, as in . . phantom, sylph, 
 qu*, like kw, as in . . . queer, quail, 
 wh'*, like hw, as in what,wheu,awhile. 
 
 ABBRHVIAXIOKS. 
 
 a. adjective; adv. adverb; n. noun; //. plural; />. p. participal past; Pr^p. 
 preposition ; v. verb ; v. t. verb intransitive ; v. t. verb transitive. 
 
WORDS, DEFINITIONS, 
 
 AND 
 
 DICTATION EXERCISES, 
 
 FOR PRACTICE IN 
 
 Spelling, Defining, and Writing. 
 
 LESSON I. 
 
 ORXHOGRAPHY. 
 
 Now the old schoolhouse is banished, like so many of its race, 
 
 To the elements that wrought it — and a new one holds its place; 
 
 And the spellers write their words down, with a chance their parents lacked. 
 
 For as Bacon hints, " 'Tis writing that must make a man exact."— Car/^^ow. 
 
 a€'-§eiit, n. Stress of voice on one syl- 
 lable of a word more than another. 
 
 af -fix, n. A syllable added to the end 
 of a word. 
 
 al'-pha-bet, n. The letters of a lan- 
 guage arranged in the customary 
 order. 
 
 €dii'-so-nant, «. An articulate sound 
 usually combined and uttered with a 
 vowel sound. 
 
 de-riv'-a-tiye, «. A word formed from 
 another word. 
 
 di-a-erit'-i€-al marks, n. pi. Marks 
 used to indicate the sounds of letters, 
 and aid in pronunciation. 
 
 ^'-graph, n. A union of two vowels 
 in one syllable and one sounded. 
 
 diph'-thong (dif -thong), n. Union of 
 two vowel sounds in one syllable. 
 
 dis-syF-la-ble, «. A word of two syl- 
 lables. 
 
 mon'-o-syl-Ia-ble, n. Word of one syl- 
 lable. 
 
 or'-tho-e-py, n. Correct pronunciation 
 of words. 
 
 6r-thog'-ra-phy, n. Naming the let- 
 ters of a word in their order. 
 
 poF-y-sf 1-la-ble, n. A word of four or 
 more syllables. 
 
 pre'-f ix, n. A syllable placed before 
 a word. 
 
 prim'-i-tive, n. Not derived from any 
 
 other word. 
 tri'-graph, n. A union of thre^ vowels 
 
 in a syllable representing a single 
 
 sound. 
 tri-syF-la-ble, n. A word of three syl- 
 lables. 
 s;f I'-la-ble, n. A letter or letters uttered 
 
 at a single impulse of the voice. 
 vow'-el, n. A letter uttered at a single 
 
 impulse of the voice. 
 word, n. The sign of an idea, either 
 
 written, printed, or spoken. 
 
10 
 
 .BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 2. 
 
 IMCTAXIONf KXKRCISH. 
 
 There they stood, like young globe batters, with no salary enriched, 
 
 Waiting for the words momentous that the dexterous teacher pitched. 
 
 And he hurled the first one at them, like a nicely twisted ball. 
 
 While the catcher just behind them was the homy-handed wall ; 
 
 The first boy struck and missed it, and his face was deeply vexed 
 
 As the teacher scowled a cyclone, and vociferated " next." 
 
 Then a fair-haired maiden tried it with some sympathetic aid, 
 
 And avoiding certain blunders that her predecessor made ; 
 
 But she happened, too, to wander from the orthographic text. 
 
 And the teacher smiled in pity, as he softly murmured " next." 
 
 Then a cross-eyed boy struck at it, who to this day spells by ear. 
 
 And a red-haired girl attacked it, with her pale eyes full of fear, 
 
 And the word flew on, till one boy, very ignorant but sharp-eyed. 
 
 Spelled it by the only method that had not as yet been tried. 
 
 Then the teacher smiled approval, and with satisfaction said, 
 
 " That is right, my studious scholar, you can go up to the head. " — Carle ton. 
 
 LESSON 3. 
 
 ^^-ORDS ITSBD IIi( BUSII9BSS. 
 
 No man is born into the world, whose work is not born with him ; there is always work and 
 tools to work withal, for those who vi\\\.— Lowell. 
 
 a€-§ept'-aii§e, n. Bill of exchange, 
 
 when accepted. 
 a€-«rSd'-it, v. t. To give confidence 
 
 or trust to. 
 a€-enie% v. i. To increase ; to augment. 
 a«-«u'-mn-Iate, v. t. To collect or 
 
 bring together. 
 ad-Ter'-tige-ment, or ad-ver-tige'- 
 
 meut, n. A public notice. 
 ad-vig'-a-ble, a. Prudent. 
 a-man-u-Sn'-sis, n. One who writes 
 
 what another dictates, or copies what 
 
 another has written. 
 a-mass% v. t. To accumulate. 
 as-sign-ee', n. One to whom an as- 
 signment is made. 
 bink'-rftpt-^y, n. The state of being 
 
 insolvent. 
 
 bar'-gaiu, n. A gainful or satisfac- 
 tory transaction. 
 
 bar'-ter, v. t. To exchange. 
 
 bo-nan'-za, n. Any successful ven- 
 ture. 
 
 bdnd, n. The writing by which a per- 
 son binds himself to pay a certain 
 sum of money by a given date, under 
 certain conditions. 
 
 b\ir-le-tin, n. Official report. 
 
 bijl'-lioii, n. Uncoined silver or gold. 
 
 bugi'-iiess (biz'-nes), n. Employ- 
 ment; occupation. 
 
 bfis'-tle? n. Great stir. 
 
 bug'-y (biz-y), a. Not at leisure. 
 
 ■eap'-i-tal-i8t, n. A man who has cap- 
 ital or stock in trade ; usually a man 
 of large property. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 11 
 
 LESSON 4. 
 
 iBVords used In Business. 
 
 " Our thoughts are ever forming our characters, and whatever they are most absorbed in will 
 tinge our lives." 
 
 ■ear'-go, n. Load; freight. 
 
 €ash-ier', n. One who has charge of 
 money. 
 
 ■char'-a€:-ter, n. The estimate which 
 is put upon a person or thing. 
 
 charge'-a-ble, a. Capable of being 
 charged. 
 
 cheat, V. t. To defraud. 
 
 che«k, n. An order for money, on a 
 bank, payable on sight. 
 
 ■clear-ing-house, n. The place where 
 the business of clearing is carried on. 
 
 €ler'-i€-al, a. Relating to a clerk or 
 copyist. 
 
 €6f' -fer, n. A chest or trunk for keep- 
 ing money in. 
 
 €Oin, n. A piece of metal on which 
 certain characters are stamped, mak- 
 ing it legally current as money. 
 
 «61-lat'-er-al, n. Security given in 
 addition to promise. 
 
 «5iii-bi-na'-tion, n. Association; alli- 
 ance. 
 
 €6m'-mer§e, n. The exchange of mer- 
 chandise on a large scale between 
 different countries or places. 
 
 ■com-mer'-cial, a. Relating to trade. 
 
 ■eSm-mis'-sioii, n. Allowance made to 
 an agent for transacting business. 
 
 •€dm-mit'-tee, n. Persons specially ap- 
 pointed to manage any business. 
 
 •€6m'-pa-nj^, n. A corporation ; a firm. 
 
 €om'-pen-sate, v. t. To remunerate. 
 
 •eom'-pe-tent, a. Answering all re- 
 quirements. 
 
 •com-pe-ti'-tion, n. Common strife for 
 the same object. 
 
 LESSON 5. 
 
 liVords used in Business. 
 
 Fortune is ever seen accompanying industry, and is as often trundling in a wheelbarrow as 
 lolling in a coach and svx..— Goldsmith. 
 
 €6m-pu-ta'-tion, n. Reckoning. 
 €dn-sigii-ee' (-si-nee')? n. A person 
 
 to whom goods are delivered in trust. 
 €6n-sign'-or, n. One who consigns. 
 ■€o-dp'-er-ate, v. i. To concur in action. 
 «o-part'-iier-ship, n. A joint interest 
 
 in any matter. 
 €6r-po-ra'-tion, n. A body politic, al- 
 lowed by law to act as an individual. 
 •eouu'-ter-feit, n. A likeness; an im- 
 
 poster. 
 €on'-poii, n. An interest certificate 
 
 attached to a bond. 
 •ere-den'-tials, n. pi. That which 
 
 gives credit. 
 ■ered'-it-or, n. One who credits or 
 
 trusts. 
 
 ■eur'-ren-§y, n. That which is given 
 or taken as representing value. 
 
 ■eus'-tom-house, n. The house where 
 duties are paid 
 
 dam'-age, n. Injury ; loss of value. 
 
 deal'-er, n. One who deals or trades. 
 
 debt'-or, n. One who owes another. 
 
 def -al-ea-tor, n. One who embezzles 
 money left in his care. 
 
 de-fault'-er, n. One who fails to ac- 
 count for public money left in his 
 care. 
 
 de-fi'-cien-^y, n. Inadequacy; im- 
 perfection. 
 
 de-fray', v. t. To pay or discharge. 
 
 de pre'-ci-ate (-shi-ate), v. i. To fall 
 in value. 
 
12 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 6. 
 
 l^ords used In Business. 
 
 In human life there is constant change of fortune, and it is unreasonable to expect an exemp- 
 tion from the common fate. I^ife itself decay's, and all things are daily changing— Pluiarch. 
 
 dis-bftrse', v. t. 
 
 To pay out. 
 
 dis-€rep'-an-§y, n. Variance ; incon- 
 sistency. 
 
 dis-hdn'-est, «. Faithless; fraudulent. 
 
 draw-ee', n. One on whom an order 
 or bill of exchange is drawn. 
 
 draw'-er, 
 
 One who draws a bill of 
 
 exchange. 
 
 el'-e-ya-tor, n. A mechanical contriv- 
 ance for lifting persons or freight to 
 an upper floor. 
 
 em-bez'-zle, v. t. To appropriate by 
 breach of trust. 
 
 em'-is-sa-ry, n. A person sent on a 
 private mission. 
 
 em-ploy- e', n. One who is employed. 
 em-pa'-ri-rim, n. Center of an exten- 
 sive trade. 
 
 An undertaking. 
 
 To found. 
 Accuracy; precision. 
 
 To give and take; 
 
 eu'ter prise, «. 
 es-tab'-lisli, v. t. 
 ex-a«t'-iiess, n. 
 ex-change', v. t, 
 
 to swap. 
 
 ex-peiise', n. Outlay ; cost. 
 ex'-port, n. A commodity sent abroad. 
 fi-nanee' (-naus), n. Revenue ; income. 
 fin-an-^ier', n. One who is skilled in 
 
 money matters. 
 firm, n. Partnership. 
 flu€:'-tu-ate, v. i. To be wavering or 
 
 unsteady. 
 
 LESSON 7. 
 
 l^ords used In Business. 
 
 Yet still there whispers the small voice within, 
 Heard through gain's silence and o'er glory's din: 
 Whatever creed be taught or land be trod, 
 Man's conscience is the oracle of God. — Byron. 
 
 f5r'-eign, a. Not native ; remote. 
 for'-feit, V. t. To lose the right to, by 
 
 some misdeed, fault or offense. 
 for'-ger-y, n. Producing an imitation, 
 
 to deceive or defraud. 
 fraiid'-u-leiit, a. Containing fraud. 
 freight, n. Cargo. 
 gran'-tee', n. One to whom a grant is 
 
 made. 
 
 gr&nt'-or, 
 
 One by whom a grant is 
 
 made. 
 guar-an-tee', v. t. To make sure ; to 
 
 warrant. 
 hSii'-est-y, «. Trustiness; integrity. 
 Im-p6rt% V. t. To bring from abroad. 
 
 iii-a€'-«u-ra-^y, n. Mistake; error. 
 
 iii"C6m'-pe-teiit, a. Insufficient; unfit. 
 
 iii-€or-rS-et', ^. Inaccurate; faulty. 
 
 in-€rease', v. t. To extend ; to spread. 
 
 ill debt'-ed, a. Under obligation. 
 
 in-dgm'-iii-fy, v. t. To make good. 
 
 iii-d6ii'-ture, n. A mutual agreement 
 in writing. 
 
 in-dor-see', n. The person to whom a 
 note or bill is indorsed or assigned 
 by indorsement. 
 
 in-dors' er, n. The person wIk* in- 
 dorses 
 
 In-dtts'-tri-ofis, a. Diligent in misincss 
 or study. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 13 
 
 LESSON 8. 
 VITords used in Business. 
 
 Next to knowing when to seize an opportunity, the most important thing in life is to know 
 when to forego an advantage. 
 
 D^ Israeli. 
 
 in-soF-yeii-^y, n. Without means to 
 
 discharge debts. 
 in-teg'-ri-ty, n. Honesty. 
 in'-yen-to-ry, n. A list or account of 
 
 goods and chattels. 
 in-yest'-ment, n. Laying out of money 
 
 in property of a permanent nature. 
 in'-yoige, v, t. To insert in a priced 
 
 list. 
 j6b'-ber, n. One who buys goods from 
 
 importers and sells to retailers. 
 joint'-ly, adv. Together. 
 les-see', n. One to whom a lease is 
 
 given. 
 lu'-€re, n. Gain in money or goods. 
 mam'-mou, «. Riches; wealth. 
 mSr'-g'in, n. Difference between the 
 
 cost and selling price of an article. 
 
 LESSON 9. 
 'Words used in Business. 
 
 " Be not amazed at life. 'Tis still 
 The mode of God with his elect, 
 Their hopes exactly to fulfill, 
 In times and ways they least expect 
 
 mo-n6p'-o-Iist, n. One who takes the 
 whole of anything. 
 
 ne-go'-ti-a-ble (-go-shi-), a. Transfer- 
 a.ble by endorsement to another per- 
 son. 
 
 ni-ek'-el, «. A coin; a grejrish white 
 metal, very ductile and malleable. 
 
 Sp-er-a'-tion, n. Mode of action. 
 
 dp'-er-a-tor, n. One who produces an 
 effect. 
 
 5p'-u-len§e, n. Wealth, aflauence. 
 
 par'-§el, n. A small package. 
 
 part'-ner, n. One who acts, suffers or 
 
 enjoys with another. stratagem. 
 
 pat'-ent, «. A writing securing exclu- po§-§es'-sioii, «. 
 sive right to a person. in one's power. 
 
 ma-tu'-ri-ty, n. Arrival of the time 
 
 fixed for payment. 
 mer'-can-tile, a. Buying and selling 
 
 of commodities 
 mer'-§e-na-ry, a. Governed by greed- 
 iness of gain. 
 mer'-chan-dige, n. The objects of 
 
 commerce. 
 meth'-od, n. A regular way of doing 
 
 anything 
 met-ro-poF-i-tan, a. Belonging to a 
 
 metropolis. 
 mil'-li-ner-y, n. Articles sold by a 
 
 milliner. 
 mil-lion -aire', «. One whose wealth 
 
 is counted by millions. 
 mis-§el-la'-ne-ous, a. Consisting of 
 
 several kinds. 
 
 pa'-tron, n. One who supports or pro- 
 tects. 
 
 pay'-a-ble, a. Justly due. 
 
 pay-ee', n. The person to whom mon- 
 ey is to be paid. 
 
 pay'-er, n. One who pays. 
 
 pe-€u'-ni-ous, a. Full of money. 
 
 pen'-sion, n. An annual allowance 
 given from the public treasury. 
 
 per-suade' (-swad), v. t. To influence 
 by argument. 
 
 pe-ti'-tion, n. A request, an entreaty. 
 
 pledge, V. t. To give as security. 
 
 p61' i-§y, «. System of management ; 
 
 Ownership; having 
 
14 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 10. 
 
 ^Words used in Business. 
 
 Be noble ; and the nobleness that lies 
 In other men sleeping, but never dead, 
 Will rise in majesty to meet thine own, 
 
 pre'-mi-iim, n. A prize to be won by 
 competition ; something given for the 
 loan of money. 
 
 pr5m'-is-S0-ry, a. Containing a prom- 
 ise of something to be done. 
 
 pro-por'-tlon, n. Symmetrical distri- 
 bution. 
 
 prSp-o-gi'-tion, n. Offer of terms. 
 
 pro-pri'-e-tor, n. An owner. 
 
 pr6s'-per-ous, a. Successful. 
 
 pun€t'-U-al, a. Adhering to the exact 
 time of an appointment. 
 
 pftr'-clias-a-ble, a. Capable of being 
 bought. 
 
 qual'-i-f ied, a. Fitted by accomplish- 
 ments. 
 
 ras-caF-l-ty, n. Base fraud. 
 
 Lowell. 
 
 rea'-gon-a-ble, a. Within due limits; 
 just. 
 
 re-bate', v. t. To deduct from. 
 
 re-§eipt' (-seet), n. Acknowledgment 
 of payment. 
 
 re-§eiy'-er, n. One who receives or 
 takes. 
 
 re«-om-meiid', v. t. To put in a fa- 
 vorable light before anyone. 
 
 re-e'-om-pense, n. Reward ; compen- 
 sation. 
 
 re-e'-ti-f y, v. t. To make right. 
 
 re-deem'-a-ble, a. Purchasable or pay- 
 able in gold and silver. 
 
 rSf-er-ee', n. One to whom a thing is 
 referred. 
 
 re-li'-a-ble, a. Trustworthy. 
 
 LESSON II. 
 
 ^^rords used in Business. 
 
 Sum up at night what thou hast done by day, 
 And in the morning what thou hast to do. 
 Dress and undress thy sovX.— Herbert. 
 
 The sum or thing 
 An equivalent 
 
 re-mit'-tan^e, n. 
 
 remitted. 
 
 re-mu-ner-a'-tion, n. 
 
 given for service. 
 re-s6nr^e% n. Funds; dependence. 
 re-spS€'-ti ve-ly , adv. Relating to each. 
 re-spdn'-si-ble, a. Accountable. 
 r^s-tl-tu'-tion, n. Making good a loss 
 
 or injury. 
 8S«'-re-ta-ry, n. One employed to 
 
 write letters, etc., and transact other 
 
 business. 
 saF-a-ble, a. In good demand. 
 sil'-a-ry, n. The amount agreed upon, 
 
 to be paid for one's services. 
 Saleg'-man, «. One who sells anything. 
 
 S€h6d'-ule (sked'-yul), n. A docu- 
 ment, list, or catalogue. 
 
 scheme, n. A design ; a project. 
 
 se-eii'-ri-ty, n. One who becomes 
 surety for another. 
 
 seiz'-a-ble, a. Liable lo be taken. 
 
 shll'-Ilngr, n. An English coin equal 
 to twelve pence. 
 
 ship'-ment, n. Goods that are shipped. 
 
 slirewd'-ly (shrud'-iy), adv. With 
 good guess ; sagaciously. 
 
 shrink'-a^e, «. Reduction in bulk or 
 dimensions of anything. 
 
 851'- vent, a. Able to pay all just debts. 
 
 stew'-ard (stu-), «. An officer of a 
 boat, church, or college. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 15 
 
 LESSON 12. 
 >iVords used In Business. 
 
 We worldly men, when we see friends and kinsmen 
 Past hope sunk in their fortunes, lend no hand 
 To lift them up, but rather set our feet 
 Upon their heads to press them to the bottom." 
 
 sti'-pend, n. Settled pay for services. 
 
 stip'-u-late, v. /. To settle terms. 
 
 stock, n. Money invested in business. 
 
 su-e-§ess'-ful, a. Prosperous ; fortunate. 
 
 s^ire'-ty (sh^r-), n. A bondsman. 
 
 swin'-dler, n. A cheat. 
 
 tax-a'-tion, «. A system of raising 
 revenue. 
 
 tes-ti-mo'-ni-al, n. A writing which 
 testifies in favor of one's good con- 
 duct. 
 
 t6n'-na^e, n. The whole amount of 
 shipping estimated by tons. 
 
 traf -f !€, «, Commerce ; trade. 
 
 traiis-ac'-tion, n. Performance of any 
 business. 
 
 trib'-ute, n. A personal contribution 
 made in token of services rendered. 
 
 un-for'-tu-iiate, a. Unlucky. 
 
 iin-prof -it-able, a. Useless; not 
 profitable. 
 
 va'-eaii-§y, n. A place or post to be 
 filled. 
 
 yaF-u-a-ble, a. Having value. 
 yal'-ne, n. Rate or estimated worth. 
 ware'-house, «. A store house for 
 
 goods. 
 war'-rant, ^. /. To indemnify against 
 
 loss. 
 wealtli'-y, a. Rich. 
 
 LESSON 13. 
 MCXAXION KXHRCISK. 
 
 Literature, the ministry, medicine, the law and other occupations, are 
 cramped and hindered for want of men to do the work, not want of work to do. 
 When people tell you the reverse they speak that which is not true. If you de- 
 sire to test this you need only hunt up a first-class editor, reporter, business man- 
 ager, foreman of a shop, mechanic, or artist in any branch of industry, and try to 
 hire him. You will find that he is already hired. He is sober, industrious, 
 capable and reliable, and is always in demand. He cannot get a day's holiday 
 except by courtesy of his employer or of his city, or of the great general public. 
 But if you need idlers, shirkers, half-instructed, unambitious and comfort-seeking 
 editors, reporters, lawyers, doctors, and mechanics, apply anywhere. — Mark 
 Twain. 
 
 LESSON 14. 
 
 Formerly, when great fortunes were only made in war, war was a business 
 great fortunes are only made by business, business is -wsir.—Bovee. 
 
 a-ban'-don, v. t. 
 
 to renounce. 
 ab-bre'-Ti-ate, v. 
 ab'-di-«ate, v. t. 
 
 nounce. 
 
 but now, when 
 
 To forsake wholly; 
 
 /. To shorten. 
 
 To cast off; to re- 
 
 a-bove'-board, adv. Without trick or 
 
 deception. 
 a-bridge', v. t. To diminish. 
 a€-§ept', V. i. To receive with favor. 
 a-c-§ess' or a€'-§ess, n. Admittance. 
 
16 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 a-e-§Sss'-i-ble, a. Approachable. 
 a€-quire', v. i. To gain ; to procure. 
 a€'-tu-al, a. Truly and absolutely so. 
 ad-ap-ta'-tion, n. The act of fitting. 
 ad-lie'-sive, a. Sticking to. 
 ad-mit'-tan^e, n. Permission to enter. 
 a-d5pt', V. t. To receive as one's own. 
 a-duF-ter-ate, v. t. To corrupt by 
 mixture. 
 
 ad-van'-tage, n. Favorable circum- 
 stances. 
 
 a-e'-ri-al, a. Belonging to the air. 
 
 ae-rie (e'-ry), n. A nest of a bird of 
 prey. 
 
 Theory of' taste. 
 Fond; loving. 
 
 8es-thet'-i«s, "I ^ 
 es-thet'-i€s, / 
 af-f e€'-tiou-ate, a. 
 
 LESSON 15. 
 
 VOCATIONS. 
 
 The highest excellence is seldom attained in more than one vocation. The roads leading to 
 distinction in separate pursuits diverge, and the nearer we approach the one, the farther we 
 recede from the other.— ^oz/*?^. 
 
 a'-er-o-nant, n. A balloonist. 
 
 ap-pren'-ti§e, n. One bound to a per- 
 son to learn his trade or art. 
 
 ar'-elii-te-et, n. One skilled in the art 
 of building. 
 
 ar'-ti-§an, n. A skilled mechanic. 
 
 au-e-tion-eer', n. One who sells goods 
 at public sale. 
 
 au'-di-tor, n. An examiner of accounts. 
 
 i)r6'-ker, n. One who transacts busi- 
 ness for another. 
 
 ■eiir'-pen-ter, n. An artificer who works 
 in timber. 
 
 «a'-ter-er, «. A provider of provisions. 
 
 ■cloth'-ier (-yer), n. One who sells 
 
 cloth or clothing. 
 
 €om-pd§'-i-tor, n. One who sets type. 
 
 •eus-to'-di-an, n. A keeper or superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 ed'-i-tor, n. One who prepares or re- 
 vises matter for publication. 
 
 en-gi-neer', n. One who manages an 
 engine. 
 
 gla'-zier (-zhur), n. One who sets glass. 
 
 hand'-i-€raft, «• Manual occupation. 
 
 jan'-i-tor, n. A doorkeeper; a porter. 
 
 ma-§hin'-ist, n. One versed in the 
 principles of machines. 
 
 me-€han'-i-e, n. One who works with 
 instruments. 
 
 ty-p6g'-ra-pher (or tj^-), n. A printer. 
 
 LESSON 16. 
 DICTAXIOIN HXHRCISE. 
 
 He was one of those men who achieve 
 
 So little because of the much they conceive. 
 
 He knocked at each one 
 
 Of the door-ways of life, and abided in none. 
 
 His course by each star that would cross it was set, 
 
 And whatever he did he was sure to regret. 
 
 The man who seeks one thing in life, and but one. 
 
 May hope to achieve it before life be done; 
 
 But he who seeks all things, wherever he goes, 
 
 Only reaps from the hopes which around him he sows 
 
 A harvest of barren regrets.— C?w^« Meredith, 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 17 
 
 LESSON 17. 
 
 I»KRTAINfIB{G TO SKILrl^. 
 
 " There are two most valuable possessions which no search-warrant can get at, which no exe- 
 cution can take away, and which no reverse of fortune can destroy ; they are what a man puts 
 into his brain — knowledge; and into his hands — skill." 
 
 a-Ml'-i-ty, n. Power; skill. 
 
 a-dept', n. One skilled in any art. 
 
 a-droit', a. Ready in invention or ex- 
 ecution. 
 
 €a'-pa-ble, a. Having ability. 
 
 •eun'-ning, «• Skill; dexterity. 
 
 dex'-ter-ous, a. Expert; skillful in 
 contrivance. 
 
 ef-f i' cient, a- Energetic and useful 
 activity. 
 
 ex-pert'-ness, n. Skill derived from 
 practice. 
 
 ex-pe'-ri-euQe, n. To train by prac- 
 tice ; to try personally. 
 
 fa-<jir-i-ty, n. Ease in performance. 
 
 in-a-bil'-i-ty, n. Lack of power, 
 strength or resources. 
 
 in-ea'-pa-ble, a. Incompetent, unfit, 
 disqualified. 
 
 kna€k, n. Habitual easiness of per- 
 formance. 
 
 man'-age-ment, n. Skillful treatment. 
 
 ma-nip'-u-late, v. t. To operate with 
 the hands in a skillful manner. 
 
 ui'-^e-ty, n. Delicate management. 
 
 p6s'-si-ble, a. Capable of being done. 
 
 pro-fi'-cient, a. Well skilled. 
 
 skilF-ful, a. Able in management; 
 well versed. 
 
 toF-er-a-bly, adv. Moderately well. 
 
 LESSON 18. 
 
 HOMOPHO^OUS l^ORDS. 
 
 " Of all the good things in this good world around us. 
 The one most abundantly furnished and found us 
 And which, for that reason, we least care about, 
 And can best spare our friends, is good counsel, no doubt. 
 
 i'-bel, ft. The name of a man. 
 a'-ble, a. Having ability or compe- 
 tency of any and every kind. 
 ail, V. i. To be sick. 
 ale, n. A kind of liquor. 
 
 air, «. The atmosphere. 
 heir, n. One who inherits. 
 
 aisle (II), n. A passage in a church. 
 isle, n. An island. 
 
 ant, n. An insect. 
 
 aunt, n. A parent's sister. 
 
 al'-ter, v. i. To make some change in. 
 al'-tar, n. The communion table. 
 as-^ent', n. Motion upward. 
 as-sent', n. Consent. 
 ate, V. t. Past of eat. 
 eight, n. A number. 
 au'-ger, n. A carpenter's tool. 
 an'-gur, v. t. To predict or foretell. 
 awl, n. A shoemaker's tool. 
 all, a. The whole quantity. 
 
18 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 19. 
 ^woRDs rsKD inj bookke:hpi?9g. 
 
 Success in business is seldom owing to uncommon talents or original power which is un- 
 tractable and self-willed, but to the greatest degree of commonplace capacity.— /Tar/iV/. 
 
 a€-«onnt'-ant, n. One emploj'-ed or 
 skilled in keeping accounts. 
 
 a€'-€ii-ra-^y, n. Exactness. 
 
 ag'-gre-^ate, n. Whole amount. 
 
 an'-iin-al, n. Yearly. 
 
 bal'-aii^e, n. The excess on one side 
 added to the other to make equality. 
 
 bal'-an^e-sheet, n. A paper giving a 
 summary'- and balance of accounts. 
 
 blank, a. Unwritten ; white. 
 
 bd^k'-keep-ing, n. The keeping of ac- 
 counts. 
 
 €Ount'-iug-house, n. The room for 
 
 keeping accounts. 
 dai'-ly, a. Happening every day. 
 
 day'-bd6k, n. An account book of 
 original entries, giving details of the 
 transactions. 
 
 deb'-it, V. t. To charge with debt. 
 
 doub-le en'-try, «. A mode of book- 
 keeping in which two entries are made. 
 
 jour'-nal, n. An account book in 
 which the transactions are arranged 
 for posting. 
 
 led^'-er, n. The final book of record 
 in business transactions. 
 
 sum'-ma-ry, n. A general statement. 
 
 to'-tal, n. The whole sum or amount. 
 
 sem-i-an'-nii-al, a. Half yearly. 
 
 set'-tle-ment, n. Payment of accounts. 
 
 tri-en'-ni-al, a. Once in every three 
 years. 
 
 LESSON 20. 
 
 Beware of little expenses; a small leak will sink a great ^\\v^.— Franklin 
 
 A sum or portion ap- 
 
 al-low'-an^e, n 
 
 pointed. 
 
 e-eo-n5m'-i«-aI, a. Managing with 
 frugality. 
 
 gs-or'-l>i-tant, a. Extravagant ; excess- 
 ive. 
 
 5x-p6nd'-i-ture, n. A laying out, as 
 of money. 
 
 5x-pSii'-sive, a. Costly. 
 
 Sx-tor'-tion, n. Unlawful exaction. 
 
 8x-trav'-a-gant, a. Profuse in expense ; 
 wasteful. 
 
 fr\i-^al'-i-ty, «• Prudent economy. 
 
 im-pr5v'-i-dent, a. Not providing for 
 what will happen in the future. 
 
 lav'-ish, a. Wasteful ; profuse. 
 
 mi'-ger-ly, a. Stingy. 
 
 iiig'-gard, n. A person meanly close 
 and covetous ; a miser. 
 
 ont-ra'-gfeous, a. Exceeding the lim- 
 its of reason. 
 
 par-si-mo'-ui-oiis, a. Frugal to excess; 
 close; saving. 
 
 pe-nu'-ri-ofis, a. Very saving in the 
 use of money. 
 
 piii'-m6n-ey, ft. A sum of money al- 
 lowed a wife for her private expen- 
 ses. 
 
 prdd'-i-gal, n. One who spends money 
 extravagantly. 
 
 pro-fuse', rt. Liberal to excess ; lavish. 
 
 spSnd'-thrift, n. One who spends 
 money profusely. 
 
 stlii'-gi-ness, n. Extreme avarice. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 19 
 
 LESSON 21. 
 
 " Foolish spending is the father of poverty. Do not be ashamed of hard 
 work. Work for the best salary or wages you can get, but work for half price 
 rather than be idle. Be your own master, and do not let society or fashion swal- 
 low up your individuality — hat, coat, and boots. Do not eat up nor wear all you 
 can earn. Compel your selfish body to spare something for profit saved. Be 
 stingy to your own appetite, but merciful to others' necessities. Help others, 
 and ask no help yourself. See that you are proud. Let your pride be of the 
 right kind. Be too proud to be lazy ; too proud to give up without conquering 
 every difficulty ; too proud to wear a coat you cannot afford to buy ; too proud 
 to be in such company that you cannot keep up with expenses; too proud to lie 
 or steal, or cheat; too proud to be stingy." 
 
 LESSON 22. 
 
 MISCEI^I^ANKOUS. 
 
 Study yourselves, and most of all, note well 
 
 Wherein kind nature invites you to excel. — Longfellow. 
 
 a'-li-as, adv. Otherwise called. 
 al-lay', v. t. To abate ; to subside. 
 al-le'-Yi-ate, v. t. To make light or 
 
 easy to be borne. 
 al-loy', n. A baser metal mixed with 
 
 a finer. 
 al'-ter-nate, v. t. To perform by turns. 
 al-to-geth'-er, adv. With united action. 
 am-W-tion, n. Desire for office or 
 
 honor, success or fame. 
 an'-i-mate, v. t. To give life to. 
 an-nex-a'-tion, n. Addition; union. 
 an-nouiiQe'-ment, n. Giving public 
 
 notice. 
 ap-par'-ent, a. Plain ; easy to be seen. 
 
 ar-ti-fi'-cial (-fish'-al), a. Not genu- 
 ine. 
 
 a-sy'-Ium, n. A place of retreat and 
 security. 
 
 at-tacli', V. t. To bind, fasten or tie. 
 
 at-tempt', v. z. To make an effort or 
 endeavor. 
 
 at'-tri-bute, n. An essential or neces- 
 sary property or characteristic. 
 
 ben-e-f i'-cial (-fish'-al), a. Profitable. 
 
 bev'-er-a^e, n. A drink. 
 
 bom-bast'-ic, a. Inflated ; big without 
 meaning. 
 
 brick'-kiln, n. 
 brick. 
 
 A kiln for burning 
 
 LESSON 23. 
 
 DRY GOODS. 
 
 And why take ye thought for raiment ? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; they 
 toil not; neither do they spin.— Bible. 
 
 al-pa-e'-a, n. A thin kind of cloth made 
 of the wool of the alpaca. 
 
 ban-dan'-iia, n. A kind of silk or cot- 
 ton handkerchief. 
 
 ■cal'-i-^o, n. Cotton cloth. 
 
 €am'-bri-e, n. A fine, thin, white fabric 
 of flax or linen. 
 
 ■cash'-mere, n. A fine woolen dress 
 
 goods. 
 ■eas'-si-mere, n. A thin, twilled woolen 
 
 cloth for men's garments. 
 ■eor'-du-roy, n. A thick, cotton stuff, 
 
 corded or ribbed on the surface. 
 
20 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 flan'-ue], n. A woolen cloth of loose 
 
 texture. 
 ging'-ham, n. A kind of cotton cloth, 
 
 the yam of which is colored before it 
 
 is woven. 
 
 hand'-ker-chief, «. A cloth carried 
 for wiping the face and hands. 
 
 miig'-liii, n. A thin, cotton cloth of 
 
 any kind. 
 
 me-ri'-noj n. A thin fabric of merino 
 
 wool for ladies' wear. 
 par'-a-sdl, n. A small umbrella used 
 
 by ladies to protect them from the 
 
 rays of the sun. 
 rib'-bou, «. A narrow web of silk. 
 
 sk^in, n. A quantity of yam or silk 
 taken from the reel. 
 
 tap'-Ss-try, n. A kind of woven hang- 
 ing of wool or silk. 
 
 um-brer-la, n. A shade carried in the 
 hand to shelter one from the sun, 
 rain or snow. 
 
 ya-Ien-^i-ennes', n. A rich kind of 
 lace. 
 
 yeF-vet, n. A soft material woven from 
 silk, or silk and cotton mixed, having 
 short thread or pile on the surface. 
 
 wad'-ding, n. Sheets of carded cotton 
 for padding garments. 
 
 W8'-ter-pro?^f, n. A kind of doth im- 
 pervious to water. 
 
 LESSON 24. 
 DICTAXION HXKRCISH. 
 
 Stick to your legitimate business. Do not go into outside operations. Few 
 men have brains enough for more than one business. To dabble in stocks, to put 
 a few thousand dollars into a mine, and a few more into a manufactory, and a 
 few more into an invention, is enough to ruin any man. Be content with fair 
 returns. I)o not become greedy. Do not think that men are happy in propor- 
 tion as they are rich, and therefore do not aim too high. Be content with mod- 
 erate wealth. Make friends. A time will come when all the money in the world 
 will not be worth to you so much as one good, staunch friend. — Beecher. 
 
 LESSON 25. 
 
 PHIl.TAI]NI]KO TO CI^OTHIISG. 
 
 Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, but not expressed in fancy ; rich, not gaudy ; for the 
 apparel oft proclaims the ra&n..— Shakespeare. 
 
 ap-par'-el, n. Garments; dress. 
 
 bal-m5r'-al, n. A kind of figured pet- 
 ticoat. 
 
 b6n'-n8t, n. A covering for the head. 
 
 •era- vat', n. A piece of fine cloth worn 
 by men around the neck. 
 
 5m-broid'-er-y, n. Ornamental deco- 
 ration. 
 
 f&sh'-ion-a-ble, a. Dressed according 
 to the prevailing fashion. 
 
 f ich'-fl, n. A light pointed cape worn 
 by ladies, usually made of lace. 
 
 ma-te'-ri-al, «. The substance of 
 which anything is made. 
 
 o'-yer-ftlls, n. pi. Loose trousers worn 
 over others to protect them from be- 
 ing soiled. 
 
 pln'-a-f ore, «. A child's apron. 
 rai'-ment, n. Clothing. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 21 
 
 shawl, 
 
 A loose covering for the 
 
 neck and shoulders. 
 slip'-per, n. A kind of light shoe 
 
 which may be slipped on with ease. 
 sery'-i^e-a-ble, a. Prepared for giving 
 
 good service. 
 sns-pend'-er§, «. pi. Straps worn for 
 
 holding up pantaloons. 
 toi'-let, n. Mode of dressing. 
 
 trous-seau' (troD-so'), n. The outfit 
 of a lady when about to be married, 
 including clothes, etc. 
 
 trou'-§er§, n. pi. A loose garment worn 
 by males, covering the lower limbs. 
 
 YOgue, n. The fashion of people; 
 temporary mode. 
 
 waist'-coat, «. A vest. 
 
 LESSON 26. 
 
 But you who seek to give and merit fame 
 
 And justly bear a critic's noble name, 
 
 Be sure yourself and your own reach to know, 
 
 How far your genius, taste and learning go. — Pope. 
 
 aught (awt), n. Anything; any part. 
 ought (awt), auxiliary v. Should. 
 
 bail, n. 
 bale, n. 
 
 Security. 
 
 A large bundle. 
 
 ball, n. A globe. 
 
 bawl, V. i. To cry noisily. 
 
 base, n. The foundation. 
 bass or base, n. The lowest part in 
 music. 
 
 bell, n. A resounding metallic vessel. 
 belle, n. A beautiful young lady and 
 much admired. 
 
 blew (blu), V. t. Past of blow. 
 blue, n. A color; azure. 
 
 been (bin), v. i. Past of be. 
 bin, n. A kind of box or enclosed 
 space. 
 
 A branch of a tree. 
 To bend. 
 
 A lady's attendant or 
 
 bough (bou), n. 
 bow (bou), V. t. 
 
 beau (bo), n. 
 
 suitor. 
 bow (bo), n. A weapon ; doubling of 
 
 a string in a knot. 
 
 bread, n, A kind of baked food. 
 bred, v. i. Trained; educated. 
 
 LESSON 27. 
 
 What stronger breast-plate than a heart untainted ? 
 
 Thrice is he arm'd that hath his.quarrel just ; 
 
 And he but naked, though lock'd in steel, 
 
 Whose conscience with injustice is corrupted.— Shakespeare. 
 
 adz, n. A carpenter's tool for chipping. 
 an'-vil, n. An iron block upon which 
 
 metals are hammered and shaped. 
 au'-ger-bit, n. A bit with a cutting 
 
 edge or blade like that of an auger. 
 ax'-le, «. A transverse bar connecting 
 
 the hubs of the opposite wheels of a 
 
 car or carriage. 
 
 bu-c'-kle, n. An instrument, usually 
 of metal, consisting of a rim with a 
 movable tongue or catch, used for 
 fastening things together. 
 
 chi§'-el, n. An iron or steel instrument, 
 sharpened to a cutting edge at the end. 
 
 •eol'-an-der, n. A vessel with a perfo- 
 rated bottom. 
 
BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 fau'-^et, n. A fixture for drawing 
 liquid from a cask or vessel. 
 
 fer'-riile (fer'-ril), n. A ring of metal 
 put around a cane, tool handle, etc., 
 to prevent splitting. 
 
 ham'-mer, n. An instrument for driv- 
 ing nails, consisting of a metal head 
 fixed crosswise to a handle. 
 
 liam'-mo-ek, n. A kind of hanging bed. 
 
 hatch'-et, n. A small ax with a short 
 handle, to be used with one hand. 
 
 i'-ron (i'-ftrn), n. One of the metallic 
 elements, hard, and very malleable 
 when hot ; it is the most useful of all 
 metals. 
 
 knife, «. An instrument usually con- 
 sisting of a thin blade of steel, with a 
 sharp edge, fastened to a handle. 
 
 knfib (ndb), n. Part of a lock. 
 
 kn6€k'-er, n. A kind of hammer fast- 
 ened to a door, to be used in seeking 
 admittance. 
 
 latch, n. A small piece of iron or 
 wood used to fasten a door. 
 
 le'-yer or ley'-er, n. A bar of metal, 
 wood or other substance, used to exert 
 a pressure or sustain a weight. 
 
 mat'-to-ek, n. A kind of a pick-ax 
 having the iron ends broad instead of 
 pointed. 
 
 m6nk'-ey wrench, n. A wrench hav- 
 ing a movable jaw. 
 
 LESSON 28. 
 Hardware. 
 
 Iron sharpeneth iron, so a man sharpeneth the countenance of his friend. 
 
 Proverbs. 
 
 nip'-per§, n. pi. Small pincers for 
 
 holding, breaking, or cutting. 
 pinch'-er§, n. pi. An instrument for 
 
 drawing nails or gripping things to 
 
 be held fast. 
 pul'-ley, n. A wheel with a grooved 
 
 rim, for transmitting power from or 
 
 imparting power to the different parts 
 
 of machinery. 
 ra'-zor, n. An instrument for removing 
 
 the beard or hair. 
 re-vdlv'-er, n. A repeating firearm. 
 riv'-et, n. A pin of iron or other 
 
 metal with a head. 
 
 SQls'-Sorg, n. pi. An instrument for 
 cutting, smaller than shears. 
 
 s-eflt'-tle, n. A wide-mouthed vessel 
 for holding coal. 
 
 Scythe, n. An instrument for mowing. 
 
 8hdv'-el, n. An instrument used for 
 
 throwing earth or loose substances. 
 
 sieve, n. A utensil for separating the 
 fine part of any substance from the 
 coarse. 
 
 sti-let'-to, n. A small dagger with a 
 round, pointed blade. 
 
 t$ngs, n. pi. An instrument used for 
 handling fire or heated metals. 
 
 trow'-el, n. A mason's tool used for 
 spreading and dressing mortar. 
 
 twine, n. A strong thread composed 
 of two or three smaller threads or 
 strands twisted together. 
 
 waf '-fle i-ron, n. A utensil for bak- 
 ing waffles. 
 
 wash'-er, n. A ring of metal or other 
 material used to relieve friction and 
 to secure tightness of joints. 
 
 wire, n. A thread of metal. 
 
 wring'-er, n. • An instrument for for- 
 cing water out of anything. 
 
 zIq-c, n. A metal of a brilliant white 
 color. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 28 
 
 LESSON 29. 
 
 IIIISCEI^I^AINKOUS. 
 
 Honor and shame from no condition rise, 
 Act well your part, there all the honor lies 
 
 To deceive or delude 
 
 €a-jole', V. t. 
 
 by flattery. 
 
 ■eal'-loiis, a. Hardened. 
 
 ■ean'-^el, v. t. To efface. 
 
 (jel'-Iu-loid, n. A compound manu- 
 factured from several ingredients, and 
 resembling coral, ivory, amber, etc. 
 
 ^en'-sus, n. An official registration of 
 inhabitants. 
 
 ^iv-il-i-za'-tlon, n. Refinement; cul- 
 ture. 
 
 €Og-no'-men, n. A surname. 
 
 ■co-in'-^i-den^e, «. Occurrence of 
 events at the same time. 
 
 •e5m'-ma, n. A mark used to denote a 
 short pause. 
 
 Pope. 
 ^ ■eom-mu'-ni-ty, n. A society of people 
 having common rights. 
 
 ■eon-^ear, v. t. To hide. 
 
 •€on-Qen'-trate, v. t. To bring to a 
 common center. 
 
 «6n-^iF-i-ate, v. t. To win over. 
 
 ■e6n-€rete', n. A compound. 
 
 €on-€ur'-rent, a. Agreeing in the 
 same act. 
 
 •eon-dense', v. t. To make mo^p com- 
 pact. 
 
 ■c6n-se€'-u-tiTe, a. Following in the 
 same order. 
 
 €on'-se-quent, a. Following as a result. 
 
 ■eon-soF-i-date, v. t. To unite. 
 
 €6n-spi-e'-n-ous, a. Easy to be seen. 
 
 LESSON 30. ■ 
 
 STAXIOIB^HRS* GOODS. 
 
 Books are true levelers. They give to all who faithfully use them, the society, the spiritual 
 presence, of the greatest and best of our race. — Charming. 
 
 aF-bum, n. A blank book in which to 
 insert autographs. 
 
 blot'-ting pa-per, n. A kind of paper 
 serving to absorb wet ink, and thus 
 prevent blots. 
 
 ■eard'-board, n. A stiff paper or paste- 
 board for making cards, etc. 
 
 du-o-de^'-i-mo, n. A book in which 
 a sheet is folded in twelve leaves. 
 
 en'-vel-ope or en-veF-op, n. A wrap- 
 per; a cover, especially of a docu- 
 ment, as a letter. 
 
 f ol'-io, a. Formed of sheets folded so 
 as to make two leaves. 
 
 fonnt'-ain pen, n. A pen with a res- 
 ervoir furnishing a continuous sup- 
 ply of ink. 
 
 lead' pen-^il, n. An instrument for 
 
 drawing or making lines, made of 
 
 black lead. 
 ma-nil'-la paper, n. A very durable 
 
 kind of brown paper, made of Manilla 
 
 hemp. 
 mem-o-ran'-dum bd^k, n. A book in 
 
 which memoranda are written. 
 mu'-^i-lage, n. An aqueous solution 
 
 of gum. 
 6-e-ta'-vo, n. A book composed of 
 
 sheets folded so as to make eight 
 
 leaves. 
 paste'-board, n. A stiff, thick kind of 
 
 paper, formed of several single sheets 
 
 pasted one upon another. 
 pro'-gram or pro'-gramme, n. A brief 
 
 outline of the order of the subjects 
 
 embraced in any public exercise. 
 
24 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 qu§r'-to, a Formed of sheets so as 
 to make four leaves. 
 
 sta'-tiou-er-y, n. The articles usually 
 sold by a stationer, as paper, ink, etc. 
 
 tab'-lets, n. pi. A set of leaves of thin 
 material for writing. 
 
 vaF-en-tlne, n. A love letter sent by 
 young persons to each other on Val- 
 entine's day, February 14th. 
 
 ver-lum, n. A fine kind of parchment 
 rendered clear and white for writing. 
 
 wrap'-ping pa-per, n. A coarse paper . 
 for tying up parcels. 
 
 LESSON 31. 
 
 MCXAXIO^ HXHRCISK. 
 
 Ah me ! the while I stop to think 
 
 What Shakespeare did with pen and ink! 
 
 I wonder how his ink was made — 
 
 If blue or purple was the shade ; 
 
 His pen — broad-nibbed and rather stiff, 
 
 Like this, or fine ? I wonder if 
 
 He tried a "Gillott," thirty-nine, 
 
 Or used a " Spencerian," like mine? 
 
 Or was it brains ? No ink, I know, 
 
 Will really make ideas flow. 
 
 Nor can the most ingenious pen 
 
 Make wits and poets of dull men. 
 
 So this the miracle explains, 
 
 He used his pen and ink with brains. 
 
 Mine is the harder task, I think. 
 
 To write with only pen and ink. — Century, 
 
 LESSON 32. 
 
 l^ORDS I»BK.1L AINII^G TO ^WRIXIT^G. 
 
 The tongue is not the only way 
 
 Through which the active mind is heard. 
 But the p od pen as well can say, 
 
 In tc : 5 as sweet, a gentle word.— P. R. Spencer. 
 
 A love Ss-cri-toire' (-twar), n. A writing 
 desk. 
 
 hi-er-o-^lj^ph'-i«, n. A mystical sym- 
 bol in ancient writing. 
 
 il-leg'-i-ble, a. Incapable of being 
 read. 
 
 bil'-let-dfiux (bil'-le-doo); n. 
 
 note or letter. 
 €aF-i-grapli, n. A writing machine. 
 «al-lig'-ra-phy or «a-lig'-ra-pliy, n. 
 
 Fair or elegant penmanship. 
 «hi-r6g'-ra-phy, n. The art of writing. 
 €6r-re-8p6nd', v. i. To communicate 
 
 by writing letters. 
 •eray'-on, n. A pencil. 
 e-pis'-tle, n. A letter. 
 e-ra'-gure, n. A scratching out. 
 
 iii-s«rip'-tion, n. That which is writ- 
 ten or engraved on a solid substance. 
 
 16^'-i-ble, a. Capable of being read. 
 
 maii'-u-S€ript, n. A \vritten as dis- 
 tinguished from a printed document 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 25 
 
 pen'-man-ship, n. The art of writing; 
 manner of writing. 
 
 S€rawl, n. Bad writing. 
 
 S€rib'-blmg:, n. The act of scribbling, 
 or writing hastily. 
 
 ste-u6g'-ra-pher, n. One skilled in 
 stenography. 
 
 ste-nog'-ra-phy, n. The art of writ- 
 ing in shorthand. 
 
 type'-wri-ter, n. .A writing machine. 
 
 LESSON 33. 
 
 HO^OPHOIKOUS l^OROS. 
 
 Candor is the seal of a noble mind, the ornament and pride of man, the sweetest charm of 
 woman, the scorn of rascals, and the rarest virtue of sociahility.— Benizel-Sierman. 
 
 beat, 7/. t. To strike. 
 beet, n. A vegetable. 
 
 beech, n. A kind of tree. 
 beach, n. The shore of the sea. 
 
 beer, n. A malt liquor. 
 
 bier, n. A litter for carrying the dead. 
 
 bold'-er, a. More bold. 
 bowF-der, n. A large stone. 
 bole, n. A kind of fine earthy clay. 
 boll, n. The pod of a plant, as of flax. 
 bowl, n. A concave vessel. 
 
 bor'-ongh (bur'-ro), n. An incorpo- 
 rated town that is not a city. 
 
 bur'-row, n. A hole in the ground made 
 by certain animals, for habitation. 
 
 bourne, n. A point aimed at. 
 borne,/. ^. of bear. Carried. 
 born, p. p. of bear. Brought into life. 
 
 bur'-y, V. t. To cover out of sight. 
 ber'-ry, n. A small kind of fruit. 
 
 brid'-al, n. Marriage. 
 bri'-dle, n. A curb ; a check. 
 
 LESSON 34. 
 OROCHRIHS. 
 
 lyCt not thy table exceed the fourth part of thy revenue ; too much is a vanity ; enough is a 
 
 feast. 
 
 alF-spi^e, n. A spice of a mildly pun- 
 gent taste. 
 
 bis'-€nit, n. Unfermented bread. 
 
 «ay-enne' pep-per, n. A very pun- 
 gent pepper. 
 
 chd€'-o-late, n. A paste used for mak- 
 ing a beverage. 
 
 §in'-na-mon, n. The inner bark of a 
 tree growing in Ceylon. 
 
 €df '-fee, n. A drink made from the 
 roasted berry of the coffee tree. 
 
 gel'-a-tine, n. A concrete animal sub- 
 stance. 
 
 f rease, n. Animal fat in a soft state. 
 
 A grocer's store. 
 Com, prepared for food 
 
 gro'-Qer-y, n. 
 hom'-i-ny, n. 
 
 by boiling. 
 
 in'-di-go, n. Blue coloring matter. 
 
 ma€-a-ro'-ni, n. An article of food 
 composed of paste. 
 
 mo-las'-se§, n. The syrup which drains 
 from sugar. 
 
 sal-e-ra'-tus, n. A bicarbonate of pot- 
 ash. 
 
 sir'-up or sj^r'-up, n. Sweetened liquid 
 of any kind. 
 
 s^f-ar (shobg'-ar), n. A sweet crys- 
 talline substance. 
 
26 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 tap-i-o'-ea, n. A coarsely granular 
 substance obtained from the roots of 
 a plant found in Brazil. 
 
 to-ba€'-€0, n. A plant much used for 
 chewing and smoking. 
 
 ver-mi-^el'-li, n. The flour of a hard 
 small-grained wheat made into dough. 
 
 yeast, «. Preparation for raising 
 dough for bread or cake. 
 
 LESSON 35. 
 
 FISH AKD FOliVLr. 
 
 Master, I marvel how the fishes live in the sea. 
 
 Why, as men do a-land : the great ones eat up the little ones 
 
 an-^ho'-yy, n. A small fish of the 
 herring family, caught in the Medi- 
 terranean Sea. 
 
 €an'-Yas-back, n. A species of sea 
 duck, highly esteemed for the delica- 
 cy of its flesh. 
 
 eel, n. A snake-like fish. 
 
 gnin'-ea fowl, n. A fowl of a dark 
 grey color, variegated with white 
 spots. 
 
 Iiad'-d6€k, n. A sea fish, a little smaller 
 than a cod, which it resembles. 
 
 hal'-i-but, n. A large sea fish, some 
 weighing 400 or more pounds. 
 
 her'-ring, n. A small fish. 
 
 15b'-ster, n. A marine shell fish. 
 
 ma€k'-er-el, n. A marine fish found 
 in the North Atlantic. 
 
 miis'-kel-luiige, n. A large kind of 
 pike found in the Northern Lakes, 
 St. Lawrence and Ohio rivers. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 oys'-ter, n. A moUusk with a bivalve 
 shell, extensively used for food. 
 
 phea§'-ant, «. A wild fowl, the flesh 
 of which is used for food. 
 
 pi€k'-er-el, n. A fresh water fish, be- 
 longing to the pike family. 
 
 pi'-g:eoii, n. A small bird of several 
 species. 
 
 salm'-oii (sam'-un), n. A fish of a 
 yellowish red color. 
 
 smelt, n. A small fish of a silvery 
 white color. 
 
 stiir'-geon (-jun), «. A large fish. 
 
 tur'-bot, n. A flat fish with a body 
 nearly circular. It grows to the 
 weight of 20 or 30 pounds, and is much 
 esteemed by epicures. 
 
 tiir'-key, «. A large fowl, the flesh of 
 which is valued for food. 
 
 tur'-tle, n. A sea tortoise, the flesh of 
 which is esteemed as a great delicacy. 
 
 LESSON 36. 
 pjerxai:niivg xo food. 
 
 A fig for your bill of fare ; show me your bill of company.- 
 
 S7vt/i. 
 
 White of eggs. 
 Relating to the kitch- 
 
 al-bu'-meii, n. 
 ■eu'-li-na-ry, a. 
 
 en or art of cookery. 
 fje'-re-al, «. Any edible grain, as 
 
 wheat, rye, etc. 
 de-li'-clotts (-lisli'-tts), a. Affording 
 
 exquisite pleasure to the taste. 
 eat'-a-ble, a. Proper for food. 
 
 far-l-na'-ceoils (-sliiis), a. Made of 
 
 meal or flour. 
 glflt'-ton-y, «. Excess in eating. 
 liealth'-f^il, a. Wholesome, serving 
 
 to promote health. 
 jfiiQe, n. The watery part of fruit or 
 
 vegetables. 
 lils'-cioiis (lilsli'-Qs), a. Delicious. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 27 
 
 mas'-ti-cate, v. t. To chew. 
 
 im'-tri-ment, n. That which nourishes, 
 
 nti-tri' tious (-trish'-us), a. Nour- 
 ishing. 
 
 paF-a-ta-ble, a. Agreeable to the taste. 
 
 pro-Ti'-gioii, n. A stock of food. 
 
 ray'-en-ous, a. Hungry, even to rage. 
 rel'-ish-a-ble, a. Having an agreeable 
 
 taste. 
 sa'-ti-ate (sa'-sM-ate), v. i. To satisfy 
 
 the appetite to the full. 
 sa'-vor-y, a. Relishable. 
 vict'-nalg (yit'-lz), n. Sustenance ; food. 
 
 LESSON 37. 
 
 We may live without poetry, music and art ; 
 
 We may live without conscience, and live without heart ; 
 
 We may live without friends ; we may live without books ; 
 
 But civilized man cannot live without cooks. 
 
 He may live without books — what is knowledge but grieving? 
 
 He may live without hope — what is hope but deceiving ? 
 
 He may live without love — what is passion but pining ? 
 
 But where is the man that can live without dining ? — Owen Meredith. 
 
 LESSON 38. 
 
 MISCEtrl^ANEOXJS. 
 
 Words are things, and a small drop of ink, 
 
 Falling, like dew, upon a thought, produces 
 
 That which makes thousands, and perhaps millions, think.— j?yyon. 
 
 «dn'-sti-tute, v. t. To make up; to 
 compose. 
 
 •COn-tra-ct', v. t. To shorten; to lessen. 
 
 •eoii-tiib'-ute, v. i. To furnish in part. 
 
 €0-uuu'-drum, n. A puzzling question. 
 
 €6n-ven'-ieii-^y, n That which is con- 
 venient. 
 
 ■Con'-Yer-sant, a. Well informed. 
 
 ■eoii-Tin^e', v. t. To satisfy by proof. 
 
 ■eor'-o-net, n. An inferior crown worn 
 by noblemen. 
 
 •eor-rode', v. t. To eat away by degrees. 
 
 •€6§-met'-ic, n. An application to im- 
 prove the complexion. 
 
 €0-tir-lion (-ynn), «. A brisk dance 
 performed by eight persons. 
 
 crea'-tnre, «. An animal ; a man. 
 ■erev'-iQe, n. A narrow opening ; a cleft. 
 ■erib'-bag-e, n. A game of cards. 
 €rl'-sis, n. The point of time when 
 
 anything must terminate or take a 
 
 new course. 
 €rit'-i-€-al-ly, adv. With nice discern- 
 ment ; in a critical manner. 
 ■cro-chet' (€r6-sha')> «• A netting 
 
 made with a small hook. 
 ■ero-quet' (kro-ka')? «• A game played 
 
 with balls, mallets and hoops or arches. 
 ■crouch, V. i. To stoop low ; to lie close 
 
 to the ground, as an animal. 
 €rumb, n. A small fragment or piece 
 
 of bread or other food. 
 
28 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 39. 
 
 KRUIX. 
 
 The native orchard's fairest trees, wild springing on the hill, 
 Bear no such precious fruits as these, ana never will, 
 Till axe and saw and pruning knife cut from them every bough, 
 And they receive a gentler life than crowns them now. — Hollc 
 
 The fruit of the apple tree. 
 n. A fruit of the plum 
 
 &p'-ple, n. 
 a'-pri-c5t, 
 
 species. 
 toa-na'-na, n. A tropical fruit. 
 €an'-ta-loupe, n. A small, round, 
 
 ribbed variety of muskmelon. 
 cher'-ry, n. A fruit of the prune spe- 
 cies. 
 ^it'-ron, n. The fruit of the citron 
 
 tree, resembling a lemon. 
 €o'-eoa-iiut, n. The nut or fruit of 
 
 the cocoa. 
 go?>§e'-ber-ry, n. The fruit of a small 
 
 shrub. 
 hu«'-kle-ber-ry or ") «. The 
 
 whor'-tle-ber-ry (hwurt'-l-)? J fruit of 
 
 a low shrub. 
 lem'-on, n. An oval fruit containing 
 
 an acid pulp. 
 
 Holland. 
 
 lime, n. A fruit like the lemon, smaller 
 
 and more intensely sour. 
 mill'-bSr-ry, n. The fruit of a tree. 
 musk'-mel-on, n. A species of melon 
 
 so called from its musky fragrance. 
 peach, n. A Persian apple ; a tree and 
 
 its fruit. 
 pine'-ap-ple, n. A tropical plant and 
 
 its fruit. 
 p6me'-graii-ate, n. A fruit as large 
 
 as an orange, of a reddish color and 
 
 having numerous seeds. 
 qniii^e, n. A fruit with an acid taste 
 
 and pleasant flavor. 
 rai'-gin, n. A grape dried in the sun 
 
 or by artificial heat. 
 ragp'-ber-ry, n. A plant and its fruit. 
 straw'-ber-ry, n. The fruit of a small 
 
 plant. 
 
 LESSON 40. 
 
 But look at that bin of potatoes ! Those are my beautiful Carters ; 
 Every one doomed to be martyrs 
 
 To the eccentric desire of Christian people to skin them, 
 Brought to the trial of fire for the good that is in them..— Holland. 
 
 as-par'-a-gfis, n. A garden plant or 
 vegetable. 
 
 €ab'-bage, n. A garden plant. 
 
 €ar'-rot, n. A vegetable having an 
 esculent root. 
 
 «ftu'-li-flow-er, n. A variety of cab- 
 bage. 
 
 ^Sl'-er-y, n. A plant of the parsley 
 family. 
 
 €u'-etim-ber, «. A vegetable used un- 
 ripe as a salad. 
 
 ^ar'-li*, n. A plant having a bulbous 
 root and strong smell. 
 
 Wt'-tu(;e (-tis), n. A plant, the leaves 
 of which are used for salad. 
 
 du'-ion (uii'-yiln), n. The bulb of a 
 
 plant used for food. 
 pars'-ley, n. A plant, the leaves of 
 
 which are used in cooking. 
 pars'-iiip, n. A plant with a white 
 
 spindle-shaped root, used for food. 
 po-ta'-to, n. A plant with a farinaceous 
 
 tuber used for food. 
 pilmp'-kiii, n. A well known trailing 
 
 plant and its fruit. 
 rad'-lsli, n. A plant, the root of which 
 
 is eaten raw as a salad. 
 rii-ta-ba'-j?a, n. A Swedish turnip. 
 sar-si-f j^, n. Vegetable oyster. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 29 
 
 spin'-ach (spin'-ej), n. A plant whose 
 leaves are used for greens. 
 
 to-ma'-to or to-ma'-to, n. A plant and 
 its fruit. 
 
 tiir'-nip, n. 
 
 root. 
 
 A plant with a bulbous 
 
 veg'-e-ta-ble, n. 
 
 linary purposes. 
 
 A plant used for cu- 
 
 LESSON 41. 
 -^voRos i»kr.taini:ng XO AGI«.ICUI^TUIt.S:. 
 
 " We must not hope to be mowers and gather the ripe, gold ears, 
 Until we have first been sowers and watered the furrows with tears. 
 
 a'-cre, n. Piece of land containing 
 1 60 square rods. 
 
 ag'-ri-eul-ture, «. The art of culti- 
 vating the ground. 
 
 ar'-a-ble, a. Fit for plowing or tilling. 
 
 •eur-ti-yate, v. t. To till. 
 
 f er'-tile, a. Rich ; fruitful. 
 
 f er'-ti-lize, v. t. To make fertile or 
 enrich. 
 
 gran'-a-ry, n. A store-house for grain 
 after it is threshed ; a com house. 
 
 har'-yest-liome, n. The feast made at 
 the gathering of the harvest. 
 
 h6r'-ti-€ul-ture, n. Cultivation of a 
 garden. 
 
 loam'-y, a. Consisting of sand, clay- 
 ana carbonate of lime with decaying 
 vegetable matter. 
 
 marsh'-y, a. Wet; boggy. 
 mead'-ow, n. A tract of low, level 
 
 grass land somewhat wet. 
 or'- chard, n. An enclosure or collec- 
 tion of fruit trees. 
 pas'-tnr-age, n. Land appropriated 
 
 to grazing. 
 phos'-phate, n. A fertilizer formed of 
 
 phosphoric acid and salt. 
 plough or plow, n. An implement for 
 
 turning up the soil. 
 rus'-ti-eate, v. i. To live or dwell in 
 
 the country. 
 ster'-ile, a. Producing little or no 
 
 crop; barren. 
 tilF-a-ble, a. Capable of being tilled. 
 
 trough (trawl), n. A long tray. 
 
 LESSON 42. 
 DICXAXION HXKRCISK. 
 
 The time for toil has passed and night has come — 
 
 The last and saddest of the harvest eves ; 
 
 Worn out with labor, long and wearisome, 
 
 Drooping and faint, the reapers hasten home, 
 
 Each laden with his sheaves. 
 
 My spirit grieves that I am burdened, not so much with grain, 
 
 As with a heaviness of heart and brain ; 
 
 Behold my sheaves ! Few, light and worthless, yet their weight 
 
 Through all my frame a weary aching leaves : 
 
 For long I struggled with my hopeless fate. 
 
 And stayed and toiled till it was dark and late — 
 
 Yet well I know I have more tares than wheat — 
 
 Brambles and flowers, dry stalks and withered leaves ; 
 
 Wherefore I blush and weep, as at thy feet 
 
 I kneel down reverently and repeat, 
 
 "Master, behold my shQa.vQS.''— Elizabeth Akers, 
 
80 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 43. 
 
 HOmOPHOlSOUS l^ORDS. 
 
 Thy purpose firm is equal to the deed : 
 Who does the best his circujiistance allows, 
 Does well, acts nobly ; angels could do no more. - 
 
 y'oung. 
 
 eal'-eii-dar, n 
 €al'-eu-der, n 
 
 An almanac. 
 A hot press. 
 
 «aii'-iion, n. A large gun. 
 €aii'-on, n. A church law ; a dignitary 
 of the church. 
 
 «an'-vas, n. A coarse cloth for sails. 
 ■can'-vass, v. t. To solicit something. 
 
 €ap'-i-tal, n. The chief city ; principal. 
 "Cap'-i-tol, n. The building occupied 
 
 by Congress or a State legislature. 
 •eane, n. A walking stick. 
 €aill9 n. The first murderer. 
 
 ^eil, V. t. To line the top or roof of. 
 seal, V. t. To make fast. 
 
 §ell, n. A small room, as in a prison. 
 sell, V. t. To exchange for money. 
 
 §eF-lar, n. A room under the house. 
 sell'-er, n. One who sells. 
 
 cho?>§e, V. t. To select. 
 
 chews (clio?Js), V. t. To bite and grind 
 
 with the teeth. 
 
 ■elaiige, n. A part of a sentence. 
 -elawg, n. pi. Sharp, hooked nails of 
 animals or birds. 
 
 LESSON 44. 
 
 ARCHIXHCTURK. 
 
 If cities were built by the sound of music, then some edifices would appear to be constructed 
 by grave, solemn tones, others to have danced forth to light, fantastic airs.— Hawthorne. 
 
 A row of balusters 
 
 bal'-us-trade, n. 
 
 topped by a rail, serving as an en- 
 closure. 
 
 bat'-tle-ment, n. A notched or in- 
 dented parapet. 
 
 bay-Wiu'-dow, n. A window forming 
 a bay or recess in the room and pro- 
 jecting outward in different forms. 
 
 bgii'-doir (boT^'-dwor), n. A lady's 
 private room. 
 
 •eail' O-py, «• A covering over the head. 
 
 §eil'-ing, n. The upper interior surface 
 of an apartment. 
 
 €ldg'-et, n. A small, close room. 
 
 €dr'-iii§e, n. Any molded projection 
 which finishes, the part to which it 
 is affixed. 
 
 «6r'-ri-dor, n. A gallery or passage- 
 way. 
 
 •eii'-po la, n. A dome-like vault on the 
 
 top of an edifice. 
 d6m'-i-§ile, n. An abode or permanent 
 
 residence. 
 ddr'-mi-to ry, n. Sleeping quarters or 
 
 a bedroom. 
 ex-te'-ri-or, n. The outside part. 
 ga'-ble, n. The vertical triangular end 
 
 of a house. 
 gal'-ler-y, n. A long and narrow cor- 
 ridor. 
 g6tll'-i€, a. A style of architectiu-e 
 
 with high and sharply-pointed arches, 
 
 etc. 
 iii-te'-ri-or, n. The inside part. 
 kitch'-eu, n. A cook room. 
 lauii'-dry, n. The place where clothes 
 
 are washed. 
 lav'-a-to-ry, «• A place for washing. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 31 
 
 LESSON 45. 
 
 Architecture. 
 
 Houses are built to live in more than to look on ; therefore let use be preferred before uni- 
 formity, except where both may be had. — Bacon. 
 
 mor'-tise, n. A cavity cut into a piece 
 of timber to receive the end of an- 
 other piece cut to fit it. 
 
 niche (nich), n. A shell-like recess in 
 a wall for a statue, bust, or other 
 erect ornament. 
 
 nurs'-er-y, n. A room in the house, 
 appropriated to the care of children. 
 
 db-gery'-a-to-ry, n. A place from 
 which a view may be commanded. 
 
 6'-ri-el, n. A large bay or recessed 
 window projecting outward. 
 
 pa-la'- tial, a. Magnificent; like a 
 palace. 
 
 pan'-try, «. A room where provisions 
 are kept. 
 
 par-ti'-tioii, n. That which divides or 
 separates; an interior wall dividing 
 one part of a house from another. 
 
 pa-vil'-ion, n. A kind of building or 
 turret under a single roof. 
 
 pi-az'-za, n. A portico or covered 
 walk supported by arches or columns. 
 
 pi-las'-ter, n. A square column, usually 
 set in a wall, and projecting only a 
 fourth or fifth of its diameter. 
 
 por'-ti-eo, n. A covered space, enclosed 
 by columns at the front of a building. 
 
 ro-tun'-da, n. A round building. 
 
 S€ul'-Ier-y, n. A place where culinary 
 utensils are kept. 
 
 stee'-ple, n. A tower or turret of a 
 church, ending in a point. 
 
 stru-e'-ture, n. A building of any kind. 
 
 tab'-er-na-cle, n. A slightly built or 
 temporary dwelling. 
 
 tnr'-ret, n. A little tower. 
 
 yes'-ti-biile, n. A small hall from 
 which doors open into other apart- 
 ments in the house. 
 
 ve-ran'-da, n. A kind of open portico, 
 formed by extending a sloping roof 
 beyond the main dwelling. 
 
 LESSON 46. 
 
 DICTAXIO^ BXKRCISH. 
 
 The Gothic cathedral is a blossoming in stone, subdued by the insatiable de- 
 mand of harmony, in man. The mountain of granite blooms into an eternal 
 flower, with the lightness and delicate finish as well as the aerial proportions and 
 perspective of vegetable beauty. Moller, in his essay on Architecture, taught 
 that the building which was fitted accurately to answer its end would turn out 
 to be beautiful, though beauty had not been intended. I find the like unity in 
 human structures rather virulent and pervasive. — Emerson. 
 
 LESSON 47. 
 
 Like leaves on trees the race of man is found, 
 
 Now green in youth, now withering on the ground ; 
 
 Another race the following spring supplies ; 
 
 They fall successive, and successive rise. — Homer'' s Iliad. 
 
 deaf (def or def ), a. Unable to hear 
 
 sounds. 
 de-bat'-a-ble, a. Disputable. 
 
 de-bris' (da-bree'), n. Remains; ruins. 
 de€'-0-rate, ?/./. To adorn; to beautify. 
 de-«rease', v. t. To diminish gradually. 
 
82 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 de-g^n'-er-ate, v. i. To grow worse. 
 de-n6te% v. t. To indicate. 
 de-o'-dor-ize, v. t. To deprive of odor. 
 de-§ir'-a-ble, a. Worthy of desire or 
 
 longing. 
 de-te'-ri-o-rate, v. t. To make worse. 
 de'-Yi-ate, v. i. To go out of one's 
 
 way ; to digress. 
 dif '-fl-«iilt, a. Not easy. 
 di-lap'-i-date, v. i. To fall into partial 
 
 ruin. 
 
 dis-eodr'-a^e, v. i. To dishearten ; to 
 
 disfavor. 
 dis-fran'-ehi§e, v. t. To deprive of 
 
 citizenship. 
 dis-trib'-ute, v. t. To divide among 
 
 several. 
 dfi-e'-at, «. A European coin, either 
 
 silver or gold. 
 gf-f a§e% V. t. To blot out. 
 e'-gress, n. Departure. 
 e-las-ti§'-i-ty, n. Springiness ; rebound. 
 
 LESSON 48. 
 
 DRUGS. 
 
 Physic is of little use to a temperate person, for a man's own observation on what he finds 
 does him good and what hurts him is the best physic to preserve health.— ^aton. 
 
 ag'-id, n. A sour substance. 
 
 al'-ka-li, n. A substance which neu- 
 tralizes acids. 
 
 am-mo'-ni-a, n. An alkali which is 
 gaseous or aeriform in its uncom- 
 bined state. 
 
 a-pdth'-e-€a-ry, n. One who prepares 
 and sells drugs for medicinal purposes. 
 
 ar'-iii-€a, n. A medicine applied ex- 
 ternally, for sprains or bruises. 
 
 ar'-se-ni*, n. An element like a metal 
 of a steel grey color and brilliant 
 lustre ; a poison. 
 
 baF'Sam, n. An aromatic substance 
 flowing from trees. 
 
 bSl-la-d6ii'-na, n. Deadly nightshade. 
 
 bSii'-z!ne, n. A light oil of petroleum. 
 
 •caF-0-mSl, n. A preparation of mer- 
 cury. 
 
 ■eam'-phor, n. A solid white gum or 
 concrete juice. 
 
 «a-thar'-ti€, n. A purgative. 
 
 •chlo'-ro-fdrm, n. A medical fluid 
 which when inhaled produces insensi- 
 bility to pain. 
 
 •eo-logne' (ko-I6n'), «• A perfumed 
 
 liquid. 
 €6p'-per-as, n. Sulphate of iron. 
 ■ere'-o-sote, n. An oily, colorless liquid 
 
 having the smell of smoke. 
 
 dis-p^n'-sa-ry, n. The place where 
 
 medicines are prepared. 
 drftg'-gist, n. One who deals in drugs. 
 glj^§'-er-iiie, n. A sweet liquid, com- 
 posed of carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen. 
 ip'-e-«a€, «. An emetic. 
 
 LESSON 49. 
 Drugrs* 
 
 Oh ! what avail the largest gifts of heaven. 
 
 When drooping health and spirits go amiss? 
 
 How tasteless then whatever can be ^ven 1 
 Health is the vital principle of bliss, 
 
 And exercise of health.— //orac* Mann. 
 
 l§ll'-da-nfim, n. Tincture of opium. 
 
 li-e'-o-rije, n. A dark-colored, sweet 
 substance, much used as a remedy 
 for coughs and colds. 
 
 inag-ue'-si-a (-ne'-zhl-a), n. A white 
 powdered earth, used as a mild ca- 
 thartic. 
 
 nier'-€ii-ry, «. A salt used as a re- 
 medial agent. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 33 
 
 mor'-phine, n. A vegetable alkaloid 
 extracted from opium. 
 
 par-e-gor'-i-c, n. A medicine that 
 mitigates pain. 
 
 pep'-per-mint, n. A liquor distilled 
 from an aromatic and pungent plant. 
 
 phar-ma-^eiT-ti*, a. Pertaining to 
 knowledge of pharmacy. 
 
 phar'-ma-§y, n. The art of compound- 
 ing medicines. 
 
 poi'-gon, n. That which taints or de- 
 stroys. 
 
 qui'-nine, n. Peruvian bark. 
 
 re§'-iii, n. A solid, inflammable gum 
 of vegetable origin, soluble in alcohol 
 and in essential oils. 
 
 saf'-fron, «. A vegetable medicine. 
 
 salt-pe'-tre or salt-pe'-ter, n. Nitrate 
 of potassia. 
 
 sar-sa-pa-ril'-la, n. A medicine dis- 
 tilled from a Mexican plant. 
 
 str;f-ch'-nine, n. Nightshade, verj'- 
 bitter and poison. 
 
 suF-phur, n. A simple mineral sub- 
 stance, of a yellow color. 
 
 su'-ma* or su'-ina€h (shu'-mak), n. A 
 plant or shrub used in medicine. 
 
 tin-e'-tiire, n. Slight taste or quality 
 added to anything. 
 
 tnr'-pen-tlne, n. A clear, colorl'^ss 
 baliiam taken from the pine, fir, 
 larch and other trees. 
 
 LESSON 50. 
 
 rHR-TrAIKIKG TO I»HYSIC. 
 
 I think you might dispense with half your doctors, if you would only consult Doctor Sun 
 more, and be more under the treatment of these great hydropathic doctors, the clouds ! — Beecher. 
 
 al-16p'-a-thy, n. Using medicines to 
 produce effects different from those 
 resulting from disease. 
 
 am-pu-ta'-tioii, n. Cutting off a mem- 
 ber of the body. 
 
 €an'-ter-ize, v. t. To bum or sear with 
 fire or a hot iron. 
 
 §har'-la-tan, n. A quack. 
 
 ■ehi-rop'-o-dist, n. A com doctor; one 
 who extracts corns, warts, etc. 
 
 di-ag-no'-sis, n. The determination of 
 a disease by means of distinctive 
 marks. 
 
 e-C-le-€'-tic, n. Not following any one 
 method or school, but selecting at 
 will from others. 
 
 home op'-a-tliy, n. Art of curing 
 founded on resemblances. 
 
 h5s'-pi-tal, n. An institution for car- 
 ing for the sick and infirm. 
 
 Iiy-dr5p'-a-thy, n. The water-cure. 
 
 in-f Trm'-a-ry, n. A hospital where the 
 sick are lodged and nursed. 
 
 me-di^'-'-nal, a. Pertaining to medi- 
 cine. 
 
 iiar-edt'-i€, n. A medicine which pro- 
 duces sleep. 
 
 o'-pi-ate, a. Inducing sleep. 
 
 op-ti'-cian (tish'-an), n. One skilled 
 in the science of vision. 
 
 pli|^-§i'-ciaii (fi-zish'-an), n. One 
 skilled in the art of healing. 
 
 spe-§if' -i-C, a. Exerting a peculiar in- 
 fluence over any part of the body. 
 
 stim'-u-laiit, n. A medicine to produce 
 an exaltation of vital activity. 
 
 ya-e'-gi-nate, v. t. To inoculate with 
 kine pox by means of a virus called 
 vaccine, taken from a cow. 
 
 vet'-er-i-na-ry, a. Pertaining to the 
 art of healing domestic animals. 
 
34 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 51. 
 
 H09I0PH0^0US liVORDS. 
 
 " What shall I do ? My boy, don't stand asking ; 
 Take hold of something — whatever yoii can. 
 Don't turn aside for the toiling or tasking ; 
 Idle soft hands never yet made a man.' 
 
 gSnt, n. A coin. 
 
 sgent, n. Odor ; the sense of smell. 
 
 sent, V. i. Past of send ; dispatched, 
 
 gite, V. t. To summon. 
 
 site, n. Local position ; situation. 
 
 sight, n. The power of seeing. 
 
 €limb, V. i. To rise laboriously. 
 ■elime, n. A climate. 
 
 ■eoarse, a. Rude ; composed of large 
 
 parts. 
 €oarse9 n. Direction. 
 
 «6re, n. The center of a fruit. 
 •eorps (kor), n. A body of men. 
 
 •€OUii'-§il, n. A deliberative body. 
 ■eoun'-sel, n. Advice; a legal adviser. 
 
 €ur'-rant, n. A small fruit. 
 •eur'-rent, n. A stream ; onward motion. 
 
 dear, a. Beloved; costly. 
 deer, n. An animal. 
 
 dranght (draft), «. A current; that 
 
 which is drunk. 
 draft, n. A bill of exchange. 
 
 LESSON 52. 
 
 He who cures a disease may be the skillfullest, but he who prevents it is the safest physician. 
 T. Fuller. 
 
 ab'-s§§SS, n. A tumor filled with pur- 
 ulent matter. 
 br5ii-€hi'-tis, n. Inflammation of the 
 
 bronchial membrane. 
 «a-tarrh', n. A disease of the head, 
 
 caused by a cold. 
 •chdl'-e-ra, n. A disease. 
 diph-the'-ri-a, n. A disease in which 
 
 the throat is inflamed, and coated 
 
 with a leathery membrane. 
 dlg-eage', n. Malady or sickness. 
 diz'-zi-ness, n. A whirling in the head. 
 dj^s-pSp'-si-a, «. Difficulty of digestion. 
 ep'-i-lep-sy, n. Disease of the brain 
 
 attended by convulsions. 
 €r-y-sip'-e-las, n. A disease in which 
 
 the skin is inflamed. 
 gao'-greue (gang'-), n. Mortification 
 
 of living flesh. 
 
 hi«'-eough (hik'-kiip), «. Spasmodic 
 inspiration producing sound. 
 
 mea'-gleg, n. An eruptive disease 
 
 neural'-gi-a, n. A disease, the chief 
 symptom of which is a very acute 
 pain, seated in the nerve. 
 
 pa-ral'-y-sis, n. Loss of voluntary mo- 
 tion with or without loss of sensation. 
 
 pleu'-ri-sy, n. Inflammation of the 
 pleura or the membrane that lines 
 the chest. 
 
 pueii-mo'-ui-a (nii-mo'-), n. Inflamma- 
 tion of the lungs. 
 
 rheu'-ma-tism (rfl-), n. Painful in- 
 flammation of joints and muscles. 
 
 serdf'-fl-la, n. A disease of the glands. 
 
 ty'-phoid, n. Typhus fever of a low 
 grade. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 S£ 
 
 LESSON 53. 
 
 OICXAXIOI?* KXEiK-CISK. 
 
 " My jolly young fellow," said Health, " now you really 
 Have lately been drawing on me rather freely. 
 Who riots with Pleasure by night and by day 
 Must expect that in time there'll be something to pay. 
 For the favors you've had, that you may not forget, 
 Suppose you just give me your note for the debt. 
 Write as I dictate : 
 
 " * Twenty years after date 
 I promise to pay to my health, sure as fate, 
 For value received, in sin, folly and pleasure. 
 These prominent parts of estates I should treasure: 
 My Limbs to be racked with rheumatics and gout ; 
 My Teeth to decay till they mostly rot out ; 
 My Eyes to grow dim and my Hair to grow gray. 
 While dropsy and asthma take turns day by day ; 
 My Nerves and my Lungs, too, together give way ; 
 My Stomach to fall to dyspepsia a prey ; 
 My Taste to forsake me, my Voice to grow weak, 
 While my Ears cannot hear, save when Conscience shall speak. 
 Now sign it. When due you need not waste your breath 
 For extension. Remember, the protest is Death." 
 
 LESSON 54. 
 r»E».XAIKi:NO TO DISHASH. 
 
 Diseases, desperate grown, by desperate appliances are relieved, or not at all. 
 
 a€he, V. i. To suffer pain. 
 
 a-eiite', a. Sharp; penetrating. 
 
 €6m'-fort-a-ble, a. Free from pain. 
 
 ■eon-ta'-^ious, a. Catching. 
 
 €6n-Ya-les'-QenQe, n. Renewal of 
 health. 
 
 dis'-lo-eate, v. t. To disjoint. 
 
 e ma'-ci-ate (-shi-at), v. i. To lose 
 flesh. 
 
 ep-i-dem'-i'€, n. A disease which, aris- 
 ing from a widespread cause, affects 
 numbers of people at the same time. 
 
 f u'-mi-gSte, v. t. To apply smoke in 
 cleansing infected apartments. 
 
 hag'-gard, a. Having the expression 
 of one wasted by want or pain. 
 
 he-red'-i-ta-ry, a. Transmitted from 
 parent to child. 
 
 Shakespeaft. 
 
 im'-be-gile, n. One without strength 
 
 either in body or mind. 
 In'-na-ti-c, n. A person of unsound 
 
 mind. 
 maF-a-dy, n. Sickness or disease ol 
 
 the human body. 
 ma-lig'-nant, a. Tending to produce 
 
 death. 
 m6n-o-ma'-ni-a€, n. One whose mind 
 
 is deranged on a single subject. 
 par'-ox-y'gm, n. The attack of a dis- 
 
 ease that occurs at intervals. 
 re-sus'-^i-tate, v. t. To revive from 
 
 apparent death. 
 stran-gii-la'-tioii, n. The act of de 
 
 stroying life by stopping respiration. 
 wonud (wooiid or wownd), n. A hurt 
 
 an injury. 
 
86 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 55. 
 
 PKRXAIimKG TO THK HUAIA^ BODV. 
 
 Our body is a well-set clock, which keeps good time ; but if it be too much or indiscreetly tam- 
 pered with, the alarm runs out before the hour.— Bishop Hall. 
 
 un'-kle, n. The joint which connects 
 the foot with the leg, 
 
 ar'-ter-y, n. A vessel that conveys the 
 blood from the heart. 
 
 au'-di-to-ry, a. Pertaining to the sense 
 of hearing. 
 
 brdn'-€lii-a, n. pi. The two large di- 
 visions of the trachea. 
 
 «al-is-th§ii'-i€S, n. Bodily exercise 
 for strength and graceful movement. 
 
 «ap'-il-la-rie§, «. pi. Small vessels 
 which connect the arteries with the 
 veins. 
 
 €ar'-ti-Iage, «• Gristle. 
 
 €laY'-i-€le, n. The collar bone. 
 
 €6r'-iie-a, n. The strong membrane 
 which forms the front part of the eye. 
 
 €ra'-iii-iim, n. The bones which en- 
 close the brain. 
 
 «ii'-ti-€le, n. The outer skin of the 
 body. 
 
 di'-a-phragm (-fram), n. The muscle 
 separating the chest from the abdo- 
 men. 
 
 en-am'-el, n. The hard substance cov- 
 ering the crown of the tooth. 
 
 eye, n. The organ of vision. 
 
 f a'-cial (f a'-shal), a. Pertaining to the 
 face. 
 
 gust'-a-to-ry, a. Pertaining to tasting. 
 
 in-spi-ra'-tion, n. The act of breath- 
 ing air into the lungs. 
 
 knu-ck'-le, n. The joint of a finger. 
 
 lar'-ynx, n. The upper part of the 
 wind pipe, constituting the organ of 
 voice. 
 
 lig'-a-ment, n. A white, inelastic sub- 
 stance serving to bind one bone to 
 another. 
 
 LESSON 56. 
 
 Pertainlnsr to tlie Human Body. 
 
 God made the human body, and it is by far the most exquisite and wonderful organization 
 which has come to us from the Divine band. It is a study for one's whole life. — Beecher. 
 
 nie-daF-la 6b-16n-ga'-ta, n. The up- 
 per portion of the spinal cord, within 
 the skull. 
 
 iiiSm'-brane, n. A thin layer of tissue 
 serving to cover some part of the body, 
 
 miis'-^les, n. pi. Organs of motion. 
 
 miis-ta<;jhe' (mfis-tash'), n. The part 
 of the beard which grows on the up- 
 per lip. 
 
 61-f a€'-to-ry, a. Causing to smell. 
 
 pa-t^l'-la, n. The knee pan. 
 
 phy-gique' (fe-gek'), n. Physical struc- 
 ture of a person. 
 
 pleu'-ra, n. The membrane that lines 
 the chest. 
 
 piil'-mo-na-ry, a. Pertaining to the 
 lungs. 
 
 pfll-sii'-tioii, n. A beat or throb. 
 
 ret'-i-na, «. The membranous expan- 
 sion of the optic nerve in the interior 
 of the eye ball, which receives the 
 impressions resulting in the sense of 
 vision. 
 
 sa-li'-va, n. Spittle. 
 
 slidiil'-der, n. The upper part of the 
 back. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 37 
 
 st6ni'-a*li, n. The organ in which the 
 
 food is digested. 
 tem'-per-a-meiit, n. Physical and 
 
 mental character of a person. 
 tdng-ue (tung), n. Organ of speech 
 
 and taste. 
 tym'-pa-num, n. The drum of the ear. 
 
 ver'-te-bra {pL ver'-te-brae), n. A 
 
 joint or segment of the back bone. 
 
 vF-§ioii, n. Actual sight. 
 
 wrist, n. The joint which unites the 
 
 hand to the arm, consisting of eight 
 
 small bones. 
 
 LESSON 57. 
 
 Procrastination is the thief of time ; 
 Year after year it steals till all are fled, 
 And, to the mercies of a moment leaves 
 The vast concerns of an eternal scheme.- 
 
 el-e-men'-ta-ry, a. Simple; consist- 
 ing of a single element. 
 
 em-bel'-lishj-z/./. To adorn ; to beautify. 
 
 en'-er-gy, n. Life ; capacity for acting. 
 
 e-nn' mer-ate, v. t. To number. 
 
 eii-vi'-roi>-meiit, n. That which sur- 
 rounds. 
 
 e'-qua-ble, a. Equal and uniform. 
 
 e-rad'-i-€ate, v. t. To root out. 
 
 es-chew', v. t. To shun; to avoid. 
 
 es-pe'-cial (-pesh'-al), a. Particular; 
 chief. 
 
 es-sen'-tial, a. Indispensable ; impor- 
 tant. 
 
 Young. 
 
 e-ter'-iial, a. Everlasting. 
 
 e-va-c'-u-ate, v. t. To make empty. 
 
 e-vap'-o-rate, v. i. To pass off in vapor. 
 
 ex-hib'-it, "v. t. To present for inspec- 
 tion. 
 
 ex-hil'-a-rate, ^- t- To make glad or 
 joyous ; to enliven. 
 
 ex-ist'-en^e, n. The state of being. 
 
 ex-panse', n. A wide extent of space. 
 
 ex-pe'-di-ent, ^. Desirable; advisable. 
 
 ex-ten'-u-ate, v. t. To draw out. 
 
 ex'-tri-cate, v. t. To disentangle. 
 
 LESSON 58. 
 
 Never a law was born that did not fly 
 Forth from the bosom of Omnipotence, 
 Matched, wing-and-wing with evil and with good, 
 Avenger and rewarder— both of QoA.— Holland. 
 
 ab-s-cond', v. i. To retire from public 
 
 view to avoid a legal process. 
 ab-solve', v. t. To pardon ; to free 
 
 from. 
 a-C-^es'-so-ry, n. One who aids crime, 
 
 though not present at the perpetration. 
 a-e-€Ti§e', v. t. To charge with; to 
 
 blame. 
 a-e-knowl'-edge, v. t. To admit; to 
 
 confess. 
 
 a-C-quif-tal, n. Formal release from 
 a charge. 
 
 a-e'-tioii, n. Suit at law ; an act or 
 thing done. 
 
 ad'-e-quate, a. Equal. 
 
 ad-jure', v. t. To charge on oath. 
 
 ad-min-is-tra'-tor, n. A man who 
 
 manages an intestate estate. 
 ad-Yl§e', v. t. To give advice. 
 
88 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 ad'-TO -eate, n. One who pleads for 
 another. 
 
 af-fl-da'-vit, n. A written declaration 
 upon oath. 
 
 af-f irm', v. t. To declare positively. 
 
 a^-gres'-sive, a. Making the first at- 
 tack. 
 
 a-gree'-meiit, n. A bargain, compact 
 or contract. 
 
 al'-i-bi, n. A plea of having been else- 
 where at the time an offense is al- 
 leged to have been committed. 
 
 al'-ieii (aF-yeii), n. A foreigner. 
 
 al'-i-mo-nl, n. A separate mainte- 
 nance. 
 
 al-lege% v. t. To assert ; to affirm. 
 
 LESSON 59. 
 'Words used in I^a^w. 
 
 Plate sin with^o/rf, and the strong lance of Justice, hurtless, breaks ; 
 
 my's straw doth pierce \i.— Shakespeare. 
 
 a-me'-na-ble, a. Responsible. 
 
 am'-nes-ty, n. An act of general par- 
 don. 
 
 an-nu'-i-ty, n. An annual allowance. 
 
 an-niir, v. t. To obliterate. 
 
 an'-swer (an'-ser), v. t. To respond to. 
 
 ap-peal', v. t. To make application for 
 the removal of a cause to a higher court. 
 
 ap-prai§'-al, n. A valuation by au- 
 thority. 
 
 ar'-bi-tra-ry, a. Despotic: absolute 
 in power. 
 
 ar-raign', v. t. To accuse. 
 
 at-tes-ta'-tion, n. Official testimony. 
 
 at-t6r'-liey, n. One who is legally ap- 
 pointed by another to transact busi- 
 for him. 
 
 clothe it in rags, a pig- 
 
 Legal power ; war- 
 
 au-th5r'-i-ty, n. 
 
 rant; rule. 
 
 bail'-a-ble, a. Capable of being set 
 free after arrest. 
 
 be-quest', «. Something left by will. 
 
 €at'-e-€lli§e, v. t. To question or ex- 
 amine. 
 
 ^er-tif'-i-cate, n. A testimony in 
 writing. 
 
 ■elaim'-anty n. One who demands some- 
 thing as his right. 
 
 ■clem'-en-§y, n. Disposition to treat 
 with favor and kindness. 
 
 ■€li'-eut, n. One who applies to a law- 
 yer for advice on a question of law. 
 
 ■eode, n. A system of laws. 
 
 LESSON 60. 
 'Words used in I^a-w. 
 
 lyCt US consider the reason of the case, for nothing is law that is not reason.' 
 
 «6d'-i-<jn, n. Supplement to a will. 
 
 ■edn-dSniii', v. i. To pronounce to be 
 wrong; to doom. 
 
 «or-r6b'-o-rate, v. t. To confirm. 
 
 «r6ss'-que8-tion, v. t. To cross-exam- 
 ine. 
 
 de-f ^iid'-ant, n. 
 
 complaint. 
 
 One who opposes a 
 
 de-po'-neut, n. One who gives written 
 testimony to be used in court. 
 
 dd-e'-u-ment, n. A writing furnishing 
 proof of evidence. 
 
 eq'-ui-ta-bly (Sk'-wi-), aclv. Justly; 
 impartially. 
 
 Sx-S«'-u-tor, n. One who performs. 
 
 €S-^€'-u-tive, a. Concerned with car- 
 rying into effect. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 ex-e-e'-u-trix, n A female executor. 
 
 ex'-pi-ate, v. t. To atone for. 
 
 f i'-at, n. A decree. 
 
 ^ar-J6ws, n. A frame for the execu 
 
 tion of criminals. 
 guard'-i-an, n. One in charge of prop 
 
 erty or person of a minor. 
 
 giiilt'-y, ^- Wicked; evincing guilt. 
 hei'-iious, a. Enormous; odious. 
 her'-it-aa:e, n. Inheritance. 
 
 ig-no-min'-i-ous, a. Shameful; dis- 
 honorable. 
 
 il-le'-^al, a. Unlawful 
 
 LESSON 61. 
 ViTords used in I^ai^. 
 
 I^aw and eqaity are two thing? which God hath joined, but which man hath put asunder.— Co//c7«. 
 
 im'-pli-eate, v. t. To bring into'con- 
 
 nection with. 
 in-herMt, v. t. To receive by birth. 
 in iq'-ui-ty (in ik'-wi-ty), n. A sin or 
 
 crime. 
 in-jiis'-ti^.e, n. Violation of the rights 
 
 of a person. 
 in-tes'-tqte, a. Without a will. 
 in-Yal'-id, a Of no force. 
 in-ves'-ti-gate, v. t. To inquire into. 
 judg'-mentj «• Decision of a court. 
 ju-di'-cial (-dish'-al), a. Ordered by 
 
 a court. 
 ju-ris-di-e'-tion, n. The limit within 
 
 which power may be exerted. 
 
 jus'-ti^e, n. Merited reward or pun- 
 ishment. 
 
 law'-yer, n. A practitioner of law. 
 
 leg'-a-^y, n. A bequest. 
 
 le'-gal-ly, adv. According to law. 
 
 leg-a-tee', n. One to whom a legacy i.s 
 bequeathed. 
 
 le-git'-i-mate, a. In accordance with 
 law. 
 
 le'-ui-ent, a. Merciful ; acting with- 
 out severity. 
 
 li'-a-ble, a. Responsible. 
 
 li'-bel, V- t. To defame. 
 
 li'-^ense, n. A written document by 
 which permission is granted. 
 
 LESSON 62. 
 
 VITords used iu L,ai!v. 
 
 They are the best laws, by which the king hath the greatest prerogative, and the people the 
 best liberty.— .ffacow. 
 
 iiul'-li-fy, V. t. To make void; to de- 
 prive of legal force. 
 
 pen'-al-ty, n. Punishment for crime 
 or offense. 
 
 pen-i-teu'-tia-ry (-slia-ry), n. A house 
 of correction where offenders are 
 confined for punishment, and made 
 to labor. 
 
 per'-ju-ry, n. False swearing. 
 
 pef-it (pet'-y), a. Small; little. 
 
 plaiii'-tiff, n. The person who com- 
 mences a suit. 
 
 lien, n. A legal claim. 
 
 lit'-i-gate, v. t. To contest in law. 
 
 mag'-AS-trate, n. A public civil officer. 
 
 mort'-gage (mor'-gej), n. A convey- 
 ance of property for security. 
 
 mort-ga-gee' (mor-), n. One to whom 
 a mortgage is given. 
 
 mort'-ga-ger (mor-), n. The one who 
 conveys property as security for the 
 payment of debt. 
 
 no'-ta-ry, n. A public officer who cer- 
 tifies deeds and other writings. 
 
40 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 plea, n. That which is alleged by a 
 party in support of his cause. 
 
 pro'-bate, n. Official proof. 
 
 rat'-a-ble, a. Liable by law to taxa- 
 tion. 
 
 re-lease', v. t. To give liberty to. 
 
 rgt-ri-bu'-tioii, n. Reward and pun- 
 ishment, 
 
 S€af'-fol(l, n. An elevated platform 
 for the execution of a criminal. 
 
 sig'-iia-tiire, n. One's name written 
 by his own hand. 
 
 LESSON 63. 
 
 '^^ords used in I^a-w. 
 
 The greatest attribute of Heaven is mercy ; 
 And 'tis the crown of justice, and the glory, 
 Where it may kill with right, to save with pity. - Beaumont and Fletcher. 
 
 sher'-iff, «. The officer of the county, 
 who executes the laws. 
 
 dO-li§'-it-or, n. An attorney or advo- 
 cate. 
 
 sub-poe'-na (-pe-), n. A writ com- 
 manding the attendance in court of 
 the person on whom it is served, as a 
 witness. 
 
 sue, V. t. To seek justice by legal 
 process. 
 
 te€li-nl-€al'-i-ty, n. That which is 
 peculiar to any profession or trade. 
 
 tes'-ta-ment, n. A will. 
 
 tes'-ti-mo-ny, n. Proof of some fact. 
 
 tres'-pass, n. Voluntary transgression 
 of the moral law. 
 
 trl-bii'-iial, «. A court of justice. 
 
 yal'-id, a. 
 
 force. 
 
 Having legal strength or 
 A neighborhood or near 
 
 Yen'-ue, n 
 
 place. 
 
 yer'-di-et, «. Decision, judgment. 
 
 yer'-i-f y, v. t. To prove to be true. 
 
 ye'-to, n. An authoritative prohibition. 
 
 yin'-di-eate, v. t. To defend with suc- 
 cess. 
 
 yoid, a. Of no legal effect whatsoever. 
 
 youch, V. t. To make good a warranty 
 of title. 
 
 vouch-ee', «. The one who is called 
 into court to make good his warranty 
 of title. 
 
 youch'-er, n. One who vouches to 
 anything. 
 
 wrdng", n. That which is not right. 
 
 LESSON 64. 
 
 DICTAXlOBi KXHRCISK. 
 
 The quality of mercy is not strained, — 
 
 It droppeth as the gentle rain from Heaven 
 
 Upon the place beneath; it is twice blessed, — 
 
 It blesseth him that gives and him that takes: 
 
 It becomes the throned monarch better than his crown : 
 
 But mercy is above this sceptered sway, — 
 
 It is an attribute to God himself; 
 
 And earthly power doth then show likest God's, 
 
 When mercy seasons justice. — Shakespeare. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 41 
 
 LESSON 65. 
 
 CRIMHS ANO CRI9IIP(AI^S. 
 
 Oh how many deeds of deathless virtue and immortal crime, 
 The world had wanted, had the actor said. 
 'I will do this tomorrow.' " 
 
 ab-dii-et', v. t. To take away surrep 
 
 titiously. 
 as-sas'-sm, n. One who tries to kill 
 
 by secret assault. 
 l)urg'-lar, n. One who breaks into a 
 
 house to steal. 
 •eon-spir'-a-^y, n. A combination of 
 
 men for an evil purpose. 
 •€rim'-i-iial, n. One guilty of crime. 
 f el'-on, n. A person guilty or capable 
 
 of crime. 
 frat'-ri-Qide, n. One who kills a 
 
 brother. 
 
 nom'-i-Qide, n. 
 
 another. 
 
 A person who kills 
 
 im-pos'-tor, «. A pretender. 
 
 in-gen'-di-a-ry, n. One who secretly 
 sets fire to a building. 
 
 lar'-Qe-ny, n. Theft. 
 
 rob'-ber-y, «. Plunder ; theft. 
 
 rogue, n. A cheat. 
 
 ruf '-flan (-yan), «. A brutal fellow. 
 
 smut'-^ler, n. One who exports or im- 
 ports secretly without paying duty. 
 
 stig'-ma, n. Any mark of infamy. 
 
 su'-i-^ide, n. Self-murder. 
 
 thiev'-er-y, n. Theft. 
 
 ya'-gran-^y, n. Wandering without a 
 settled home. 
 
 viF-lain, n. A wicked, vile person. 
 
 LESSON 66. 
 
 II09I0PII0:K0US liVORDS. 
 
 One crowded hour of a glorious life 
 
 Is worth a world without a name.— Walter Scott. 
 
 dew (du), n. Moisture in the atmos- 
 phere condensed. 
 due, a. Owed, as a debt. 
 
 d6ne, p. p. Completed. 
 diiii, V. t. To urge payment; (a.) a 
 brown color. 
 
 die, V. z. To cease to live. 
 dye, V. t. To color. 
 
 du'-al, a. Consisting of two. 
 du'-el, n. A combat between two. 
 
 dy'-ing", v. Ceasing to live ; fading 
 
 from view. 
 dye'-ing, v. Coloring. 
 
 earn, v. t. To gain by labor. 
 ftrn, n. A vessel for earth or ashes. 
 
 ewe (y^), n. A female sheep. 
 yew, n. A kind of tree. 
 
 fair, a. Just; beautiful. 
 
 fare, n. Food; the sum paid for con 
 
 veying a person from one place to 
 
 another. 
 
 fate, n. Doom. 
 fete, n. A feast. 
 flea, n. A small insect. 
 flee, V. i. To run away. 
 
BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 67. 
 
 GOVKRISMEINX. 
 
 For forms of government let fools contest ; 
 
 Whatever is best administered is best ; 
 
 For modes of faith let graceless sealots fight ; 
 
 His can't be wrong whose life is in the right.— Pope 
 
 ab'-so-liite, a. Without limit, 
 
 al-Ie'-giange, n. The duty of fidelity 
 to a king, government, or state. 
 
 am-bas'-sa-dor, n. The representative 
 of one sovereign at the court of 
 another. 
 
 aii'-ar-ch-y, n. Want of government. 
 
 €5n'-gress, n. The Legislature of the 
 United States. 
 
 «6ii-sti-tu'-tioii-aI, a. Regulated by 
 the constitution. 
 
 ■edn'-sul, n. An official commissioned 
 to reside in a foreign country as an 
 agent or representative. 
 
 Czar, n. Title of the emperor of Rus- 
 sia. 
 
 ^6v'-ern-ment, n. Exercise of author- 
 ity; restraint. 
 
 gdv'-erii-or, n. One who is invested 
 with supreme authority in a state. 
 
 The supreme power 
 Vested in a single 
 
 leg'-is-la-ture, «. 
 
 of a state. 
 mo-iiar'-€hic-al, a 
 
 ruler. 
 
 na'-tioii-al, a. Common to a whole 
 people or race. 
 
 par'-lia-ment, n. The supreme coun- 
 cil. 
 
 pre§'-i-den-^y, n. Office of president. 
 
 quo'-rum, n. The number of members 
 of any body competent by law to 
 transact business. 
 
 re-pub'-li-C, n. A country governed 
 by men chosen by the people. 
 
 rep-re-§eiit'-a-tive, n. A member of 
 the lower house in a State Legisla- 
 ture or in the National Congress. 
 
 seii'-a-tor, n. A member of a senate. 
 
 sdv'-er-eign, n. Supreme in power. 
 
 LESSON 68. 
 
 DICXAXIOT^ KXKRCISH. 
 
 We, the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, 
 establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, 
 promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and 
 posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States 
 of America. 
 
 This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in 
 pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the 
 authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land, and the 
 Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or 
 laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.— /^r<^;« Constitution United 
 States. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 43 
 
 LESSON 69. 
 
 I»BirTAINI]SG XO AUXHOiriTY. 
 
 Obedience is nobler than freedom. What's free ? 
 
 The vex'd straw on the wind, the frothed spume on the sea ? 
 
 The great ocean itself, as it rolls and it swells. 
 
 In the bonds of a boundless obedience dwells.— Owen Meredith. 
 
 a-e-qui-esQe', v. i. To comply ; to agree 
 to. 
 
 au-tlien'-ti-eate, v. t. To establish 
 by proof. 
 
 ban'-ish, v. t. To drive away. 
 
 be-seecli% v. t. To entreat ; to implore. 
 
 ■earte blanche' (kart blansh'), « Un- 
 limited authority. 
 
 €Om-per, V. t. To urge by force ; to 
 oblige. 
 
 €6m-pli'-aii§e, n. A disposition to 
 yield to others. 
 
 •eon-^es'-sion, n. The act of yielding. 
 
 €6ii-f6rm', v. i. To obey ; to yield to. 
 
 ■eon-jure', v. t. To implore earnestly. 
 
 ■eon-tror, v. t. To govern. 
 
 «ri-te'-ri-on, n. A standard of judging. 
 
 de-^i'-§ioii, n. Unwavering firmness. 
 
 di€:-ta'-tor, n. One invested with ab- 
 solute authority. 
 
 d6m-i-neer% v. i. To rule with inso- 
 lence ; to be overbearing. 
 
 en-f 6rQe% v. t. To compel. 
 
 ex-dn'-er-ate, v. t. To clear of an ac- 
 cusation. 
 
 f 6r-bade', v. t. Prohibited. 
 
 im-per'-a-tiye, a. Commanding. 
 
 im-por-tiine', v. t. To request with 
 urgency. 
 
 LESSON 70. 
 
 Pertainlns: to Antliority. 
 
 Man, proud man, dressed in a little brief authority, 
 Plays such fantastic tricks before high heaven. 
 As make the angels weep.— Shakespeare. 
 
 in-dul'-gen^e, n. A favor granted. 
 in'-flu-en^e, n. Controlling power 
 
 quietly exerted. 
 lim'-it-a-ble, a. Restrained. 
 man'-date, n. An official command. 
 iio'-ti-fy , V. t. To give notice to. 
 o-bey% V. t. To be ruled by. 
 op-pres'-sioii, n. The state of being 
 
 oppressed; severity. 
 par'-don-a-ble, a. Admitting of excuse. 
 per'-emp-to-ry, a. Absolute ; positive ; 
 
 decisive. 
 per-mis'-si-ble, a. Allowable. 
 per-suade' (-swad), v. t. To influence 
 
 by argument. 
 
 pre'-gept, n. A direction to be fol- 
 lowed. 
 
 pro-hib'-it, "z/. t. To forbid. 
 
 re-f u§'-al, n. Denial of anything de- 
 manded or offered for acceptance. 
 
 re-mis'-si-ble, a. Capable of being re- 
 mitted or forgiven. 
 
 rep'-ri-mand, n. Severe reproof for a 
 fault. 
 
 re-§ign% v. t. To yield to another. 
 
 re strain t% n. That which restrains 
 or hinders any action, physical, moral 
 or mental. 
 
 rig' or-otis, a. Exact ; severe. 
 
 san-e'-tion, v. t. To give validity or 
 authority to. ' - 
 
44 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 71. 
 Pertaining: to Authority. 
 
 All government, all exercise of power, no matter in what form, which is not based in love and 
 
 directed by knowledge, is a tyranny.— Mrs. Jameson. 
 
 serv'-ant, n. One who labors for his 
 master or employer. 
 
 serv'-ige, n. Labor performed for an- 
 other. 
 
 se-yere', a. Very strict. 
 se-ver'-i-ty, n. Extreme strictness; 
 harshness. 
 
 slay'-er-y, n. Bondage. 
 
 stern'-ness, n. Severity. 
 
 stri-et'-ness, n. Exactness in the ob- 
 servance of rules. 
 
 strin'-gent, a. Making severe require- 
 ments. 
 
 sfib-je'C'-tion, n. Bringing under the 
 
 dominion of another. 
 
 sub-mis'-sioii, n. 
 
 ence. 
 sub dr'-di-nate, a 
 
 position. 
 sup'-pli-«ate, v. z. 
 su-pr?m'-a-^y, n. 
 sur-veil'-lan^e, n. 
 te-ua§'-i-ty, n 
 thwart, V. t. 
 
 Meekness; obedi- 
 
 Holding a lower 
 
 To implore. 
 Higher authority. 
 Inspection; watch. 
 Firmness. 
 To frustrate or defeat. 
 ty-ran'-ni€-al, a. Severe in govern- 
 ment. 
 um'-pire, n. One who decides a con- 
 troversy. 
 uii-^er'-tain-ty, n. Doubtfulness. 
 
 yield, 
 
 /. To give up the contest; 
 
 to submit. 
 
 LESSON 72. 
 
 l^ORDS USHO 1^ POtrlXICS. 
 
 If you can climb to the top without falling, 
 Do it. If not, go as high as you can. 
 
 Man is not honored by business or calling ; 
 Business and calling are honored by man. 
 
 ap-point-ee', n. A person appointed. 
 bal'-lot, n. A printed ticket used in 
 
 voting ; the act of voting by ticket. 
 •eam-paign', fi. The time an army 
 
 keeps the field. 
 •cau'-di-date, n. One who seeks an 
 
 office or is proposed for the same. 
 del'-e-gate, n. A representative. 
 dSm'-a-gdgue, n. An artful political 
 
 orator. 
 e-lS€-tion-eer', v. i. To use arts to 
 
 secure an election. 
 Sl'-i-gi-ble, a. Proper to be chosen. 
 f Sd'-er-al, a. Pertaining to a league 
 
 or contract. 
 league, n. A union of persons. 
 ma-jdr'-i-ty, n. More than half. 
 
 mi-ndr'-i-ty, n. The smaller number. 
 
 ndm-i-iia'-tioii, n. The power of nam- 
 ing for an office. 
 
 ii5m-i-nee', «. One who has been 
 named for an office. 
 
 df-fi'-cial (-fish'-al), a. Pertaining to 
 an office or public trust. 
 
 pln-rar-i-ty, n. A greater number; 
 the excess of votes cast for one indi- 
 vidual over those cast for any one oi 
 several competing candidates. 
 
 po-lit'-i-c-al, a. Relating to state affairs. 
 
 p61-i-tl'-cian (-tish'-an),«. One versed 
 in politics. 
 
 pre'-^^in^t, n. A district within cer- 
 tain boundaries. 
 
 ii-iiau'-i-moil8, a. Of one mind. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 45 
 
 fal)'-u-lous, a. Not real ; fictitious. 
 
 f ar-li-l)le, a. Liable to fail or mistake. 
 
 fas'-ten (fas'-n), v. t. To fix firmly. 
 
 f ea'-gi-ble, a. Capable of being done. 
 
 f er-menf, v. t. To set in motion. 
 
 fi€-ti'-tioiis (tisli'-us) , a. Not genu- 
 ine; false. 
 
 nr-ial (fil'-yal), a. Bearing the rela- 
 tion of a child to parents. 
 
 f r-nite, a. Having a limit. 
 
 flex'-i-ble, a. Yielding to pressure; 
 pliable. 
 
 flim'-gy, a. Without strength ; of loose 
 structure. 
 
 LESSON 73. 
 MISCEI^I^ANEOUS. 
 
 Pe good, my dear, let who will be clever ; 
 
 Do noble things, not dream them all day long ; 
 And so make life, death, and the vast forever, 
 
 One grand, sweet song.- Charles Kingsley. 
 
 fo-ment', v. t. 
 
 to. 
 
 To apply warm lotions 
 
 f 6r'-tu-nate, a. Lucky. 
 
 f os'-sil, n That which is old. 
 
 frag'-ile, a. Easily broken. 
 
 frag'-ment, n. A small detached por- 
 tion. 
 
 her-met'-i-e-al-ly, adv. Perfectly close. 
 
 hid'-e-otis, a. Dreadful to behold. 
 
 hor'-ri-ble, a. Terrible. 
 
 hy-me-ne'-al, a- Pertaining to mar- 
 riage. 
 
 hy'-phen, n. A mark for joining two 
 syllables. 
 
 LESSON 74. 
 
 PHRXAIl^diKG TO SCHOOI^S. 
 
 I call a complete and generous education, that which fits a man to perform justly, skillfully 
 and magnanimously, all of the offices, both private and public, of peace and var. — Milton. 
 
 ab'-sen§e, n. State of being absent. 
 
 a-€ad'-e-my, n. A school of arts and 
 sciences ; or one holding a place be- 
 tween common schools and colleges. 
 
 Al'-ma Ma'-ter, n. College or seminary 
 where one is educated. 
 
 ba-c-«a-lau'-re-ate, n. Bachelor of 
 arts. 
 
 •eat'-a-lo^ue, n. Register of names. 
 
 €las'-si€-al, a. Of the first rank, es- 
 pecially in literature or art. 
 
 •eoF-lege, n. A school for study and 
 instruction in higher branches. 
 
 €6m-men§e'-ment. 
 
 The day when 
 
 degrees are conferred by colleges 
 upon students. 
 €ur-ric'-u-ltim, n. A course of study. 
 
 Failing in duty. 
 One of the divisions 
 
 de-Iin'-quent, a. 
 de-part'-ment, n 
 
 of instruction. 
 
 dis-Qi-plin-a'-ri-aii, «. One who en- 
 forces rigid discipline. 
 
 ed'-u-ea-tor, n. One who educates. 
 
 en-roir, v. t. To record. 
 
 ex-am'-ine, v. t> To inquire into ; to 
 scrutinize. 
 
 ex'-er-(ji§e, v. t. To set in action ; to 
 develop. 
 
 f a-e'-ul-ty, n. A body of men to whom 
 any specific right is granted. 
 
 grad'-u-ate, v. t. To mark with degrees. 
 
 in'-sti-tute, n. Institution of learning. 
 
 iii-stru-e'-tion, n. The act of furnish- 
 ing with knowledge. 
 
46 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 75. 
 Pertaininjf to Sclioolt^. 
 
 Mercy is the fruit of knowledge, cruelty, of ignorance.— CAaj. Reade. 
 
 iii-ter-mis'-sion, n. A temporary pause. 
 
 kndwl'-edge, «. Information. 
 
 ly-^e'-nm, n. An association for liter- 
 ary improvement. 
 
 par-eh'-ment, n. The skin of a sheep 
 or goat prepared for writing on. 
 
 ped'-a-gd^ue, n. A school master. - 
 
 rS§-i-ta'-tion, «. The rehearsal of a 
 lesson by pupils before their teacher. 
 
 reg'-is-ter, n. A roll ; an official enu- 
 meration. 
 
 re^-u-lar'-i-ty, n. Conformity to rule. 
 
 re-view' (-vn), n. A looking over. 
 
 S€h6F-ar-ship, n. Learning. 
 
 s^l-eii-tif '-!€, a. Used in science. 
 
 sem'-i-iia-ry, n. A school, academy, 
 college or university. 
 
 seii'-ior (seen'-yur), n. One in the 
 
 fourth year of his collegiate course, 
 or third year at a professional school. 
 
 s5ph'-o-more, «• One belonging to the 
 second of the four classes in college. 
 
 stii'-di-ous, a. Given to study. 
 
 stu-pid'-i-ty, n. Extreme dullness of 
 understanding. 
 
 su-per-in-tend'-eiit, n. One who over- 
 sees anything, with power of direction. 
 
 teach'-a-ble, a. Apt to learn. 
 
 tu-i'-tion, n. Money paid for instruc- 
 .tion. 
 
 val-e-di-e'-to-ry, n. An address spoken 
 at commencement of a college, by 
 one of the class who receives the de- 
 gree of bachelor of arts. 
 
 LESSON 76. 
 DICXATIOT^ HXHRCISH. 
 
 Knowledge and wisdom, far from being one. 
 Have oft times no connection. Knowledge dwells 
 In heads replete with thoughts of other men ; 
 Wisdom in minds attentive to their own. 
 Knowledge — a rude, unprofitable mass. 
 The mere materials with which Wisdom builds, 
 Till smoothed, and squared, and fitted to its place — 
 Does but encumber whom it seems to enrich. 
 Knowledge is proud that he has learned so much ; 
 Wisdom is humble that he knows no more.— Cowpcr. 
 
 LESSON 77. 
 
 ORAXORY. 
 
 He i.s the eloquent man who can treat subjects of an humble nature with delicacy, lofty things 
 impressively, and moderate things temperately. — Cicero. 
 
 ad-drSss', n. A formal discourse either 
 written or verbal. 
 
 ar-ti^'-ii-late, a. Distinctly uttered. 
 
 «a'-dSn<je, n. Regular fall or modula- 
 tion of sound. 
 
 di'-a-lS€t, n. Form of speech. 
 
 e-ja-c'-u-late, v. i. To utter by sud- 
 den impulse. 
 
 fel-o-eu'-tion, n. The power of ex- 
 pression by words. 
 
 Sl'-o-queiit, a. Speaking with Huency 
 and elegance. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 47 
 
 em'-pha-sis, n. Force impressed by 
 pronunciation. 
 
 ex-tem-po-ra'-ne-ous, a. Without pre- 
 vious study; off-hand. 
 
 flu'-ent, a. Gliding; easily moving. 
 
 ges-ti€'-u-late, v. i. To make motions ; 
 to act. 
 
 gut'-tur-al, a. Formed in the throat. 
 
 ha-rangue', n. A noisy or pompous 
 speech. 
 
 im-promp'-tii, adv. Without previous 
 study. 
 
 le€'-ture, n. A discourse on any sub- 
 ject. 
 
 na'-gal, a. Spoken through the nose. 
 
 o-ra'-tion, n. An elaborate discourse. 
 
 pro-nun-^i-a'-tion, n. The act of ut- 
 tering with articulation. 
 
 pun«-tu-a'-tion, n. The art of point- 
 ing a writing or discourse. 
 
 rhe-t6r'-i«-al, a. Oratorical. 
 
 feat, n. An exploit. 
 feet, n. Plural of foot. 
 
 flue, n. An air passage, especially that 
 
 of a chimney. 
 flew, V. i. Past of fly. 
 flour, n. Finely ground grain. 
 flow'-er, n. A blossom. 
 fort, n. A fortified place. 
 forte, n. That in which one excels. 
 forth, adv. Forward. 
 fourth, n. One of four equal parts: 
 
 {a. ) next following third. 
 
 LESSON 78. 
 
 HOMOPIIOi^OUS liVOROS. 
 
 " Not all who seem to fail have failed indeed, 
 
 Not all who fail have therefore worked in vain ; 
 For all our acts to many issues lead." 
 
 foul, a. Filthy. 
 
 fowl, «. A bird; poultry. 
 
 frank, a. Free; candid. 
 £rau€, n. A French coin. 
 
 freeze, v, t. To congeal. 
 frieze, n. A coarse cloth. 
 
 gait, n. Manner of walking. 
 gate, n. An entrance. 
 
 gilt, n. Appearing like gold. 
 guilt, n. Crime. 
 
 LESSON 79. 
 
 Science, when well digested, is nothing but good sense and reason.- 
 
 ■ Stanislaus. 
 
 n. 
 
 The 
 
 a-€ous'-ti«s (-kow'-stiks), 
 
 science of sounds. 
 as-trdu'-o-my, n. The scieYice of the 
 
 heavenly bodies. 
 bi-dl'-o-gy, n. The science of life. 
 •ehem'-is-try, n. The science showing 
 
 the nature and properties of bodies. 
 Sn-to-mSl'-o-gy, n. The science which 
 
 treats of insects. 
 Sth-n5r-o-gy, n. The science that 
 
 treats of the races of men. 
 
 Treats of the deri- 
 
 et-y-mdl'-o-gy, n. 
 
 vation of words. 
 
 gas-tr6n'-o-my, n. The science of good 
 eating. 
 
 ge-SF-o-gy, n. The science which treats 
 of the structure of the earth. 
 
 ge-om'-e-try, n. The science of quan- 
 tity and mensuration. 
 
 gram'-mar, n. The science of language. 
 
 hy'-^i-ene, n. The part of medical 
 science which treats of the preserva- 
 tion of health. 
 
48 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 phi-lSs'-O-phy, n. The science of ef- 
 fects by their causes. 
 
 pho-t6g'-ra-phy, n. The science of 
 the action of light on bodies. 
 
 ph^^g-i-dl'-O-gy, n. The science which 
 treats of organs and their functions, 
 in animals and plants. 
 
 po-mSl'-O-gy, n. Science of fruits. 
 
 sta-tist'-i€S, n. The science which 
 collects and classifies facts. 
 
 te-leg'-ra-phy, n. The science of com- 
 municating by means of telegraphs. 
 
 tlie-ol'-o-gy, n. The science of God 
 and his relations to his creatures. 
 
 the'-o-ry, n. An exposition of the gen- 
 eral principles of any science. 
 
 LESSON 80. 
 DICXAXIOI* KXKRCISH. 
 
 I value science — none can prize it more, 
 
 It gives ten thousand motives to adore 
 
 Be it religious, as it ought to be. 
 
 The heart it humbles, and it bows the knee ; 
 
 What time it lays the breast of nature bare. 
 
 Discerns God's fingers working everywhere. 
 
 In the vast sweep of all embracing laws. 
 
 Finds Him the real and only Cause ; 
 
 And in the light of clearest evidence 
 
 Perceives Him acting in the present tense ; 
 
 Not as some :laim, once acting, but now not. 
 
 The glorious product of His hands forgot — 
 
 Having wound up the grand aut6m''aton 
 
 Leaving it, henceforth, to itself to run. — Abraham Coles. 
 
 LESSON 81. 
 
 When man seized the loadstone of science, the loadstar of superstition vanished in the 
 clouds.— W. R. Alger. 
 
 ap-pa-ra'-tiis, n. A set of instruments 
 for performing scientific experiments. 
 
 ba-rSm'-e-ter, n. An instrument for 
 determining the weight of the atmos- 
 phere. 
 
 ■er^'-^l-ble, n. An earthen pot for 
 melting metals. 
 
 M-c'-tion, p. The effect of rubbing, 
 or the resistance which a body meets 
 with from the surface on which it 
 moves. 
 
 fuse, v.t. To dissolve by heat ; to melt. 
 
 j^al'-va-iiisin, n. Current electricity. 
 
 Iiy-<lr^ul'-i«, a. Pertaining to fluids in 
 motion. 
 
 hy'-dro-geii, n. A gas which consti- 
 tutes one of the elements of water. 
 
 lab'-o-ra-to-ry, n. The work-room of 
 a chemist. 
 
 mr-ero-S€ope, n. An optical instru- 
 ment for magnifying objects. 
 
 ni'-tro-geii, n. A gaseous element 
 without taste, odor or color. 
 
 dx'-y-^en, n. A gas without smell, 
 taste or color. 
 
 6'-z6iie, «. Oxygen in a condensed form. 
 
 ]>lir/-ilO-^l*«ll>J»» «• ^^" instrument for 
 the mechanical registration and re- 
 production of sounds. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 49 
 
 stt-e-'tioii, n. The act of drawing by- 
 exhausting the air. 
 
 tel'-e-phone, n. An instrument for 
 reproducing articulate speech at a 
 distance, by the aid of electricity. 
 
 tel'-e-S€ope, n. An optical instrument 
 for viewing distant objects. 
 
 ther-moDi'-e-ter, n. An instrument 
 for measuring temperature. 
 
 va-c'-u-um, n. A space empty or de- 
 void of all matter. 
 
 ye-lo-c'-i-ty, n. Rate of motion. 
 
 LESSON 82. 
 diischi<i^a:kkous. 
 
 Perseverance is a Roman virtue 
 
 That wins each god-like act, and plucks success 
 
 Even from the spear-proof crest of rugged danger 
 
 i'-§i-cle, n. A pendant mass of ice. 
 
 id'-i-o-^y, n. Natural absence or marked 
 deficiency of sense and intelligence. 
 
 im-ma-te'-ri-al, a. Unimportant. 
 
 im-moY'-a-ble, a. Firmly fixed ; stead- 
 fast. 
 
 im-pair% v. t. I'o weaken ; to make 
 worse. 
 
 im-pass'-a-ble, a. Incapable of being 
 passed. 
 
 im-pede% v. t. To hinder. 
 
 im-pen'-e-tra-ble, a. Not to be en- 
 tered. 
 
 im-per'-fe€t, a. Defective in quantity 
 or quality. 
 
 im'-ple-ment, n. An instrument or 
 utensil as supplying a requisite to an 
 end. 
 
 Havard. 
 
 in-ap-pro'-pri-ate, a. Unsuitable. 
 in-au'-gu-rate, v, t. To make a public 
 exhibition for the first time. 
 
 in-€ar'-5er-ate, v. t. To confine in jail 
 or prison. 
 
 in'-§i-dent, «. An event; a circum- 
 stance. 
 
 in-eSg'-iii-to, a. In disguise or under 
 an assumed character. 
 
 in-eo-her'-eut, a. Unconnected; in- 
 consistent. 
 
 in-€5u-sist'-eiit, a. At variance. 
 
 in-€ur-eate, v. t. To impress by fre- 
 quent admonitions. 
 
 in-def'-i-nite, a. Having no certain 
 limits. 
 
 in-ey'-i-ta-ble, a. Unavoidable. 
 
 LESSON 83. 
 
 ARITHMKXIC. 
 
 Application is the price to be paid for mental acquisition, 
 the seed.— ^az/^y. 
 
 ab'-stra-et, a. Used without applica- 
 tion to things. 
 
 ad-di'-tioiij n. Increase; that part of 
 arithmetic which treats of adding 
 numbers. 
 
 a-mount^ n. The sum total or result. 
 
 a-iial'-y-sis, n. Resolution of anything 
 into Its elements. 
 
 To separate into first 
 
 To have the harvest we must sow 
 
 an'-a-l^ze, v. t 
 
 principles. 
 
 a-rith'-me-ti«, 
 
 numbers. 
 
 The science of 
 
 ay'-er-age, n. A mean proportion. 
 
 ay-oir-du-poi§' (ay-er-), n. A system 
 of weights for coarser commodities. 
 
 ba'-sis, n. The first principle. 
 
 €al'-€U-late, ^. /. To reckon ; to com- 
 pute. 
 
 ■car'-at, n. Weight of four grains. 
 
 §i'-pher, n. A character that by itseit 
 expresses nothing, but placed at the 
 right of a number increases its value 
 tenfold. 
 
60 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 dS<j'-i-mal, n. Having tenfold increase 
 
 or decrease. 
 dSf M-jit, n. Deficiency in amount. 
 dSm'-on-strate, v. t. To make evident 
 
 or plain. 
 de-ndm-i-na'-tion, n. A name. 
 
 di^-it, n. One of the nine figures ; any 
 
 number to ten. 
 dim-i-nu'-tion, n. Making or growing 
 
 less. 
 dis'-eoniit, n. Payment in advance of 
 
 interest upon money loaned. 
 div'-i-deiid, n. A number divided. 
 
 LESSON 84. 
 Aritlimetlc. 
 
 The mind, like all other things, will become impaired, the sciences are its food, 
 but at the same time they consume it.— Bruyire. 
 
 di-yi'-gion, n. Separating into parts 
 
 •they nourish, 
 
 ddl'-lar, «. A silver coin of the U. S. 
 weighing about 412 J^ grains; also 
 gold coin weighing 25^^ grains stand- 
 ard gold, or 23^^ grains pure gold. 
 
 , - / >».J^oz. apothecary's weight. 
 drachm, ^ /• ^ -^ * 
 
 dii-o-dS^'-i-mal, a. Proceeding by 
 
 twelves. 
 e-quiv'-a-lent, a. Equal in value. 
 ev-o-lu'-tion, «. The extraction of 
 
 roots. 
 ^S-am'-ple, n. A pattern or copy ; a 
 
 sample. 
 ex-p6'-nent, n. That which points out 
 
 or represents. 
 Sx-tra-e'-tlon, n. The act of drawing 
 
 out. 
 
 fra-c'-tion, n. A portion. 
 
 f fin da-mSn'-til, n. Essential part. 
 
 gross, n. Twelve dozen ; a. coarse. 
 
 gain, n. Profit; benefit. 
 
 gal'-lon, n. A measure containing four 
 quarts. 
 
 gauge, V. t. To measure ; to estimate. 
 
 halye, v. t. To divide into two equal 
 parts. 
 
 in-siir'-ailge, n. Premium paid for in- 
 suring property. 
 
 in'-te-gral, a. Entire ; not fractional. 
 
 in'-ter-est, n. Premium paid for use 
 of money. 
 
 in-YO-lu'-tion, n. The multiplication 
 of a number into itself a given num. 
 ber of times. 
 
 LESSON 85. 
 Arltbinetlc. 
 
 The sciences are of a sociable disposition, and flourish best in the neighborhood of each other ; 
 nor is there any branch of learning but may be heli>ed and improved by assistance drawn from 
 other arts.— Biacksione. 
 
 math-e-ma-ti'-cian, n. One versed in 
 
 mathematics. 
 max'-i-miim, n. The greatest quantity 
 
 or value attainable. 
 mSag'-iire, «. Estimated extent or 
 
 limit. 
 min'-i-miim, n. The least quantity 
 
 possible in a given case. 
 mIn'-u-Snd, n. The number from which 
 
 another is to be subtracted. 
 
 naught, «. Nothing. 
 
 uine'-ti-eth, n. One of ninety equal 
 parts. 
 
 no-ta'-tlon, n. Any method of using 
 signs, symbols, etc. 
 
 nu-mer-a'-tion, «. The act of number- 
 ing. 
 
 nfi'-mer-al, n. A figure or character 
 used to express a number. 
 
 quad'-rii-ple, «. A fourfold amount. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 51 
 
 quau'-ti-ty, «. Measure; amount. 
 
 quo'-tient (kwo'-sheiit), n. The num- 
 ber resulting from dividing one num- 
 ber by another. 
 
 re-^ip'-ro-€al, n. The quotient aris- 
 ing from dividing unity by any quan- 
 tity. 
 
 ra'-ti-o (-shi-o), n. Fixed relation of 
 numbers. 
 
 re-ek'-on, v. t. To compute. 
 re-main'-der, n. Anything left after 
 
 removal of part. 
 s-eale, n. Basis for a numeral system. 
 un'-der-wri-ter, n. One who insures; 
 
 an insurer. 
 
 Illegal interest. 
 
 LESSON 86. 
 
 " Right is the center of a circle, ' about right ' its circumference 
 drawn to any size, but the center always remains the same." 
 
 a-c'-me, n. The highest point. 
 
 aF-ti-tude, n. Height. 
 
 an'-gle, n. A point where two lines 
 meet. 
 
 ar€, n. A segment of a circle. 
 
 a'-re-a, n. Any plane surface. 
 
 ^en'-tral, a. Near the center. 
 
 ^ir'-ele, n. A plane figure bounded 
 by a single curved line, every point 
 of which is equally distant from a 
 point within called the center. 
 
 ^Tr-€um'-fer-en§e, n. The line that 
 bounds a circle. 
 
 €dl'-uiim, n. A cylindrical support for 
 a roof ; a perpendicular set of lines. 
 
 €dn'-€aTe, a- Hollow. 
 
 the circumference may be 
 Regularly protuberant or 
 
 The figure of the new 
 
 €6ii'-vex, a. 
 
 bulging. 
 «res'-§ent, n. 
 
 moon. 
 •€u'-bi€, a. Having the form of a cube. 
 ■eiir'-va-ture, n. A continued bending. 
 §y'-ele, n. A circle. 
 ^yl'-in-der, n. A long, circular body 
 
 of uniform diameter. 
 di-ag'-o-iial, n. The line joining two 
 not adjacent angles of a quadrilateral. 
 di-am'-e-ter, n. A straight line through 
 
 the center of a circle or sphere. 
 height, n. Altitude ; elevation. 
 hex'-a-^6n, n. A plane figure of six 
 
 side-i and six angles. 
 
 LESSON 87. 
 
 Lflnes and Korms. 
 
 Curved is the line of beauty, 
 Straight is the line of duty : 
 Follow the last and thou shalt see 
 The other ever following thee." 
 
 hSr-i-zSn'-tal, a. Parallel to the hori- 
 zon ; on a level. 
 
 hy-pdt'-e-nuse, «. The longest side 
 of a right-angled triangle. 
 
 Ir-ref'-ii-Iar, a. Not uniform. 
 
 db-lique' (-leek or -lik), a. Slanting. 
 
 6b-tuse% a. An angle greater than a 
 right angle. 
 
 d-e'-ta-gon, n. A plane figure of eight 
 sides and eight angles. 
 
 par'-al-lel, n. Lines equidistant from 
 each other, proceeding in the same 
 direction. 
 
 per-pen-dicMi-lar, «. Vertical; in ge- 
 ometry, at right angles to a given line. 
 
 por-y-fon, 
 
 A plane figure with 
 
 more than four sides. 
 
BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 pj^r'-a-mid, a. A solid with triangular 
 
 sides meeting in a common vertex. 
 py-ram'-i-dal, a. Relating to pyramid. 
 quad'-ran-gle, n. A plane figure with 
 
 four angles. 
 quad-ri-lat'-er-al, n. A figure having 
 
 four sides and four angles. 
 ra'-di-ils, n. Half the diameter of a 
 
 circle. 
 
 rS«'-taii-gle, n. A figure having four 
 
 sides and four right angles. 
 so-lid'-i-ty, n. Density. 
 spher'-ic-al, a. Round, like a sphere. 
 tri-an'-gii-lar, a. Having three angles. 
 ver'-ti-eal, a. Upright. 
 ze'-nith, n. The point in the heavens 
 
 directly overhead. 
 
 LESSON 88. 
 DICTAXION KXEiRCISK. 
 
 If Upright or horizontal, or obliquely 1 incline, 
 
 Whether straight or curved you see me, I am what is called a line. 
 
 Like railroad tracks or telegraph wires or many things that I could tell. 
 
 Which side by side extend so even, are lines which we call parallel. 
 
 Should two of us be joined together at one end, and then we take 
 
 Different directions, wholly, 'tis an angle that we make. 
 
 When the lines are perpendicular, a right angle you will find ; 
 
 Acute is smaller, obtuse is larger, here is one of every kind. 
 
 Draw these lines as I will show you ; count them — one, two, three, 
 
 And because there are three angles, 'tis a triangle you see. 
 
 Very many kinds there may be, right-angled, acute, obtuse, 
 
 I-s5s-se-les and equilateral ; let not these names your mind confuse. 
 
 If we have four sides all equal, four right angles where they meet, 
 
 And have drawn our figure neatly, we shall have a square complete." 
 
 LESSON 89. 
 
 HOmOPHO^OlTS "WORDS. 
 
 A man can bear a world's contempt, 
 
 When he has that within which says he's worthy 
 
 gam'-bol, V. i. To play ; to frolic. 
 gam'-ble, v. i. To play for money. 
 
 gnSssed, v. t. Conjectured. 
 g:uSst, n. A visitor. 
 
 h&re, n. A small animal. 
 hair, n. The covering of part of the 
 head. 
 
 hear, v. t. To perceive by the ear. 
 here, adv. In this place. 
 heel, «. The back part of the foot. 
 heftl) V. t. To effect a cure. 
 
 A lex a n der Sm ith . 
 
 heart, n. A vital organ. 
 hart, «. A wild animal. 
 hew (hu), V. t. To cut roughly. 
 hue, n. A tint ; a color. 
 
 heard, v. t. Past tense of hear. 
 herd, n. A number of beasts assem- 
 bled together. 
 
 him, pron. Objective case of he. 
 hj^inu, n. A song of devotion. 
 
 hole, n. An opening. 
 wh51e, a. All of anything. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 53 
 
 LESSON 90. 
 
 OHOGRAPHV. 
 
 Weep not that the world changes ; did it keep 
 
 A stable, changeless state, 'twere cause indeed to weep 
 
 ab-o-rig'-i-iial, a. First; primitive; 
 original. 
 
 a-bjfss', n. A bottomless depth or gulf. 
 
 at'-mos-phere, n. The air that sur- 
 rounds the earth. 
 
 aii-ro'-ra bo-re-a'-lis, n. The north- 
 em lights. 
 
 ■eat'-a-ra-et, n. A large waterfall. 
 
 ■eha§m, n. A deep opening caused by- 
 rupture. 
 
 ■eol'-o-ny, n. A settlement. 
 
 €ra'-ter, n. The mouth of a volcano. 
 
 e-qua'-tor, «. A great circle which 
 divides the earth into the northern 
 and southern hemispheres. 
 
 e'-qiii-nox, n. The time when days 
 and nights are equal in length. 
 
 Bryant. 
 
 fron'-tier, «. The part of a country 
 
 that fronts on another country. 
 gey'-ser, n. A boiling fountain. 
 ge-dg'-ra-phy, n. The science which 
 
 treats of the earth and its inhabitants. 
 gla'-§ier, n. A field of ice or snow 
 
 moving slowly down a mountain side. 
 hem'-i-sphere, n. A half sphere. 
 ho-ri'-zon, n. The apparent junction 
 
 of earth and sky. 
 is'-land (il'-and), n. A body of land 
 
 surrounded by water. 
 lat'-i-tude, n. Distance either north 
 
 or south of the equator. 
 lon'-^i-tude, n. Distance either east or 
 
 west of some given meridian. 
 me-rid'-i-an, n. An imaginary great 
 
 circle passing around the earth, and 
 
 through the poles. 
 
 LESSON 91. 
 
 Oeosrrapby. 
 
 I believe this earth is but the vestibule to glorious mansions, through which a moving crowd 
 forever press. — Joanna Baillie. 
 
 me'-te-or, n. A transient, fiery body 
 seen in the atmosphere. 
 
 me-trdp'-O-Iis, n. The chief city of a 
 
 state or country. 
 mi-rage' (-razh), n. An optical illusion. 
 o'-a-sis, n. A fertile spot in a desert. 
 o-^e-an'-i-e (-she-an'-)? ^- Found or 
 
 formed in the ocean. 
 peu-in'-su-la (sti-, or -sliu-), n. Land 
 
 almost surrounded by water. 
 pla-tean' (-to), n. A level area of land 
 
 in an elevated position. 
 prai'-rie, n. An extensive tract of 
 
 land without trees. 
 pre§'-i-pi^e, n. A very steep descent. 
 ra-vine' (ra-ven'), n. A deep hollo|v. 
 
 S^en'-er-y, n. Combination of natural 
 views. 
 
 se-e'-tion, n. A division; a portion. 
 
 so'-lar, a. Pertaining to the sun. 
 
 snb-ter-ra' ne-ous, a. Under ground. 
 
 stir'-fage, n. The outside. 
 
 tor'- rent, n. A stream running rapid- 
 ly, as down a precipice. 
 
 ter'-ri-to-ry, n. Extent of country not 
 yet admitted as a State into the 
 Union, but has a separate legislature 
 of its own. 
 
 trop'-i-e-al, a. Pertaining to the trop- 
 ics. 
 
 iin'-du-la-ting, p. a. Rising and fall- 
 ing like waves ; rolling. 
 
 val'-ley, n. Space between hills or 
 mountains. 
 
54 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 92. 
 
 DICXATIO:?^ HXHRCISK. 
 
 '* The Strange current of human existence is like the Gulf Stream: three- 
 score and ten years long, it bears each and all of us with a strong, steady sweep 
 away from the Tropics of childhood, enameled with verdure and gaudy with 
 bloom, through the temperate regions of manhood and womanhood, on to the 
 frigid, lonely shores of dreary old age, snow-crowned and ice-veined. Individual 
 destinies seem to resemble the tangled drift on those broad, bounding billows, 
 driven hither and thither, some to be scorched by equatorial heats, some to perish 
 with polar perils, a few to take root and flourish, and many to stagnate in the 
 long, inglorious rest of a Sargasso Sea." 
 
 LESSON 93. 
 
 "To have the taste of a gentleman and the purse of a beggar is about the height of human 
 misery." 
 
 in-f at'-U-a-ted, a. Overcome by some 
 foolish passion, 
 
 iii'-fl-nite, a. Unlimited. 
 
 iii-flex'-i-ble, a. Unalterable. 
 
 in-gra'-ti-ate (-shi-ate), v. t. To bring 
 into favor. 
 
 in-gre'-di-ent, «. A component part. 
 
 iii-r-tial (-ish'-al), n. The first letter 
 of a word. 
 
 in-i'-ti-ate (-shi-ate), v. /. To begin; 
 to introduce into a society or organ- 
 ization. 
 
 In-slg-nif -i-«aiit, a. Without mean- 
 ing; unimportant. 
 
 In-sta-bil'-i-ty, «• Want of firmness 
 in purpose. 
 
 in'-str^-ment, n. That by which work 
 is performed or anything effected. 
 
 in-tan'-gi-ble, a. That which cannot 
 be touched. 
 
 in-ten'-si-f y, v. t. To render more in- 
 tense. 
 
 iii-ter-^ept', v. t. To stop on the way. 
 
 in-ter-f ere', v. i. To take part in the 
 concerns of others ; to intermeddle. 
 
 in-ter'-nal, a. Inward; interior. 
 
 in-ter-na'-tion-al, a. Pertaining to 
 the relation of two or more nations. 
 
 in'-tri-eate, a. Complicated ; obscure, 
 
 ir-re-spdn'-si-ble, a. Not to be trusted. 
 
 i'-vo-ry, n. The tusks of an elephant. 
 
 ju'-ve-iiile, a. Young. 
 
 LESSON 94. 
 
 PKRTAI^IIKG TO mOXIOK. 
 
 There is a medium between velocity and torpidity ; the Italians say it is not necessary to l>e 
 an antelope, but we should not be a tortoise. — D' Israeli. 
 
 a-c-^SI'-er-ate, v. t. To quicken. 
 a«-tiv'-i-ty, «. AgUity. 
 ag'-lle, a. Quick of motion, 
 an'-i-mate, v. t. To quicken ; to give 
 
 life to. 
 <je-16r'-i-ty, n. Rapidity of motion. 
 
 •ergwl, V. u To creep. 
 6x-pe-di'-tIoiis, a. Quick. 
 has'-ten (has'-ii), v. t. To hurry. 
 iilm'-bly', adv. With light, quick mo- 
 tion. 
 iii)ise'-le8S, a. Silent ; without noise. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 55 
 
 pro-gres'-sion, n. A moving forward. 
 qui€k'-iiess, n. Rapidity of motion. 
 ra-pid'-i-ty, n. Swiftness. 
 re-a€'-tioii, n. Movement in a con- 
 trary direction. 
 re-mov'-al, «• Change of place. 
 
 spright'-ly, a. Lively ; brisk. 
 stag'-nant, a. Motionless. 
 sta'-tiou-a-ry, a. Not moving. 
 swift'-ness, n. Rapid motion. 
 Te-16(j'-i-ty, n. Quickness of motion. 
 
 LESSON 95. 
 
 I»ERTAIKII<«G TO I^A25I]SBSS ABJO KATIGHK. 
 
 Go to the ant, thou sluggard, learn to live, 
 
 And by her busy ways reform thine ovrn.— Smart. 
 
 en-nui' (5ng-iiwe')i «• A feeling of 
 
 weariness and disgust. 
 fa-tigue', n. Exhaustion of strength. 
 in-er'-ti-a (-shi-a), n. That property 
 
 of matter by which it tends when at 
 
 rest to remain so, and when in motion 
 
 to continue in motion. 
 in-de-f at'-i-ga-ble, a. Not yielding to 
 
 fatigue. 
 iii'-do-leii§e, n. Indisposition to labor. 
 la-bo'-ri-ous, a. Toilsome ; tiresome. 
 lan'-gllish, v. i. To sink away ; to pine. 
 
 lan'-guor (lang'-gwur), n. Listlessness. 
 las'-si-tude, n. Weariness; dullness. 
 la'-zi-ness, n. Indolence. 
 leth'-ar-gy, n. Dullness; inaction. 
 loi'-ter, v. %, To linger on the way. 
 sl6v'-en-ly, a. Disorderly; not neat. 
 slug'-gard, n. A lazy person. 
 squa'-Ior, «. Foulness; filthiness. 
 te'-di-ous or ted'-yus, a. Wearisome. 
 tire'-sdme, a. Tedious; fatiguing. 
 toiF-some, a. Laborious. 
 tor'-por, n. Loss of motion ; inactivity. 
 wea'-ri-ness, n. Exhaustion of strength. 
 
 LESSON 96. 
 DicxAxio^ hxkrcise:. 
 
 •• Oh friend, grown weary with the painful climbing 
 
 Up Fame's high mount which ever upward slopes; 
 On whose sad ear Fate's bells are ever chiming 
 
 The funeral knell of thy most cherished hopes ; 
 Hast thou drunk deep of Marah's bitter fountain ? 
 
 Has thy bright gold changed into useless dross ? 
 Rernember! One before thee climbed a mountain, 
 
 And gained upon its summit — but a cross. ' ' 
 
 LESSON 97. 
 
 l^ORDS I»BltXAINII»G TO mUSIC. 
 
 The man that hath no music in his soul. 
 
 And is moved not by concord of sweet sounds, 
 
 Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils.— Shakesi>eare, 
 
 •ean-ta'-ta, n. A musical composition 
 comprising choruses and solos, ar- 
 ranged in a somewhat dramatic 
 manner. 
 
 ■choir (kwir), n. A company of sing- 
 ers in church service. 
 •ehdr'-is-ter, n. One who leads a choir 
 
66 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 «dll-dn-et'-or, n. The leader or director 
 in a musical performance. 
 
 «6ii-tral'-to, n. The part sung by the 
 highest male or lowest female voice. 
 
 ^j^m'-bal) n. A musical instrument of 
 brass. 
 
 gui-tar', n. A stringed musical instru- 
 ment. 
 
 har'-mo-ny, n. A just adaptation of 
 parts to each other. 
 
 mu-§r-ciaii (-zish'-an), n. A skillful 
 performer of music. 
 
 dp'-er-a, n. A musical drama. 
 
 dr-a-to'-ri-o, «. A sacred composition 
 of music, the subject of which is gen- 
 erally taken from the Scriptures. 
 
 6r'-ehes-tra, n. A band of instru- 
 mental musicians. 
 
 pi-a'-iio, n. A musical instrument. 
 
 qugr-tet', \n. A piece of music with 
 qugr-tette', ) four parts each sung or 
 played by a single person. 
 
 sghdt'-tische (shdt'-teesh), «. Music 
 appropriate to a kind of dance. 
 
 ser-e-nade', n. Music in the open air 
 at night. 
 
 so-pra'-no, n. The highest female 
 voice. 
 
 sj^m'-pho-uy, n. An instrumental and 
 vocal composition of music. 
 
 ydl'-nn-ta-ry, n. The organ playing 
 at the opening of church. 
 
 zith'-er, n. A musical instrument 
 with twenty-eight strings. 
 
 i'-dle, «. Lazy. 
 
 i'-dol, n. A person or thing much 
 
 loved or adored. 
 i'-dyl, n. A short, pastoral poem. 
 
 in-dict', V. t. To charge with crime. 
 in-dite', v. t. To compose. 
 
 kill, V. t. To deprive of life. 
 kiln, n. A large oven. 
 
 knead, v. t. To work together. 
 need, v. t. To be in want of. 
 knight,^- A brave horseman ; a title. 
 night, n. Time of darkness. 
 
 LESSON 98. 
 
 IIOMOPIIOIKOUS WORDS. 
 
 Do what thou dost as if the stake were heaven, 
 
 And that thy last deed ere the judgment day.— Kingsley. 
 
 knew (nu), v. t. Past of know; 
 have been aware of. 
 
 A South African animal. 
 Of late origin. 
 
 to 
 
 gnu, n. 
 new, a. 
 
 kndt, V. t. To tie ; to perplex. 
 
 ndt, adv. A word expressing denial. 
 
 ISs'-sen, V. i. To diminish. 
 
 l€s'-son, n. That which is to be learned. 
 
 ISy'-ee, n. An assembly. 
 lev'-y, V. t. To raise or collect by as- 
 sessment. 
 
 LESSON 99. 
 DicxAxioiK kxhrcise:. 
 
 The following is an illustration of pronunci'ation and spelling in the use of wrong words which 
 have the same pronunciation as the right words, and which properly read, would sound right. 
 In copying from dictation, the student is to write the right word. 
 
 A rite suite little buoy, the sun of a grate kernel, with a rough about his 
 neck, flue up the road as swift as eh dear. After a thyme he stopped at a gnu 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 57 
 
 house and wrung the belle. His tow hurt hymn and he kneaded wrest. A feint 
 mown of pane rows from his lips. The made who herd the belle was about to 
 pair a pare, but she through it down and ran with all her mite, for fear her 
 guessed would not weight. Butt, when she saw the little won, tiers stood in her 
 ayes at the site. " Ewe poor deer ! Why due yew lye hear ? Are yew dyeing ! " 
 ' ' Know, ' ' he said, ' ' I am feint too thee corps. ' ' She bore him inn her arms, as she 
 aught, too a room where he might bee quiet, gave him bred and meet, held cent 
 under his knows, tide his choler, rapped him warmly, gave him some suite 
 drachm from a viol, till at last he went fourth hail as a young horse. His eyes 
 shown, his cheek was as read as a flour, and he gambled a hole our. 
 
 LESSON 100. 
 
 Fire! fire! It sets me in a craze 
 
 To see a first-class building all ablaze ; 
 
 A burning house resembles, when I'm nigh, 
 
 Some old acquaintance just about to die.— Carleton. 
 
 an'-thra-gite, n. A hard variety of 
 mineral coal. 
 
 bea'-€Oii, n. A signal fire to notify the 
 approach of an enemy. 
 
 bi-tu' mi-nous, a. Compounded with 
 bitumen and mineral pitch. 
 
 Mn'-f ire, n. A fire made to express 
 public joy, or for amusement. 
 
 biirn'-iiig, v. i. Being on fire. 
 
 •ean'-iiel €oal, n. A kind of mineral 
 coal that bums with a clear, yellow 
 flame, and has been used as a substi- 
 tute for candles. 
 
 •€ar'-bon, n. Pure charcoal. 
 
 cliar'-coal, n. Coal made by charring 
 wood. 
 
 «6ke, «. Mineral coal charred 
 
 ■eom-bus'-ti-bie, a. Capable of burning. 
 
 •eoii-fla-gra'-tion, n. Fire on a great 
 
 scale. 
 
 A bundle of sticks or twigs 
 
 f ag'-ot, n. 
 
 for fuel. 
 
 gas'-o-line, n. A fluid obtained from 
 bituminous coal. 
 
 hol'-o-eaust, n. Completely consumed 
 by fire ; great loss of life by fire. 
 
 in-can-des'-^ent, a. White or glow- 
 ing with heat. 
 
 in-ilam'-ma-ble, a. Capable of being 
 set on fire. 
 
 ker'-o-sene, n. Oil distilled from bi- 
 tuminous coal. 
 
 kin'-dlin^, n. Material for commenc- 
 ing a fire. 
 
 peat, n. A kind of vegetable substance, 
 dried, used for fuel. 
 
 pe-tro'-le-um, n. A liquid, inflamma- 
 ble, bituminous oil. 
 
 LESSON 101. 
 
 bed'-stead, n. 
 
 the bed. 
 
 " Home's not merelj^ four square walls, 
 
 Though with pictures hung and gilded ; 
 Home is where alTection calls, 
 
 Filled with shrines the heart hath builded 
 
 A frame for supporting 
 
 bdok'-€ase, n. A case with shelves for 
 holding books. 
 
 bri-€'-a-bra€, n. A miscellaneous col- 
 lection of antiquarian or artistic cu- 
 riosities. 
 
 bii'-reau (bu'-ro), n. A chest of 
 drawers. 
 
58 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 €ab'-i-net, n. A piece of furniture 
 with drawers, shelves and doors. 
 
 ^han-de-lier', n. A frame with branches 
 to hold a number of lights for illu- 
 mination. 
 
 §liif-fo nier' (shif-fon-eer'), n. A 
 
 movable and ornamental piece of 
 
 furniture. 
 «np'-board (kttb'-urd), n. A small 
 closet in a room, with shelves for dishes. 
 €ijsh'-ion, n. Any stuffed or padded 
 
 surface. 
 di-yan', n, A movable sofa. 
 ea'-gel, n. A frame on which pictures 
 
 are placed. 
 lounge, «. A small sofa. 
 
 dt'-to-man, n. A stuffed seat without 
 a back. 
 
 pSd'-es-tal, n. The part on which an 
 upright work stands. 
 
 portiere (p5r-ti-er'), n. A curtain, 
 hanging across the opening for a door. 
 
 ra'-di-a-tor, n. The part of a heating 
 apparatus the use of which is to radi- 
 ate heat. 
 
 re-frig:'-er-a-tor, n. A box for keep- 
 ing things cool by means of ice. 
 
 side'-board, n. A piece of cabinet- 
 work, with compartments for dishes. 
 
 so'-fa, n. A long, cushioned seat, used 
 as a piece of furniture. 
 
 tgte'-a-tete (tat'-a-tat), «• A form of 
 sofa for two persons. 
 
 LESSON 102. 
 i»ek.tai:ning to i»ictu»e». 
 
 Every man carries in his own head more pictures than are to be found in all the galleries of 
 the world.— Beecher. 
 
 am'-bro-type, n. A picture taken on 
 prepared glass. 
 
 da-guSrre'-o-type, «. A picture on a 
 plate of copper. 
 
 du'-pli-€ate, n. An exact copy. 
 
 ef '-fl-gy, n. An imitative figure. 
 
 fa«-8im'-i-le, n. An exact counter- 
 part or copy. 
 
 !m-i-ta'-tion, n. Likeness. 
 
 llke'-ness, n. That which resembles 
 or copies. 
 
 Hth'-o-graph, n. A print from a draw- 
 ing on a stone. 
 
 miii'-I-a-ture, n. A painting in colors 
 on a reduced scale. 
 
 uSg'-a-tlve, n A picture on glass, 
 used for producing photographs. 
 
 o'-le-o-graph, n. A picture produced 
 in oils, by a process similar to litho- 
 graphic printing. 
 
 paint'-iiig, n. A likeness, image, or 
 scene depicted with paints. 
 
 pho'-to-graph, n. A picture obtained 
 by photography. 
 
 pi-e-tur-Ssque% a. Fitted to form a 
 good or pleasing picture. 
 
 por'-trait, n. An exact likeness of a 
 person. 
 
 rgp-re-sen-ta'-tion, n. A picture, 
 model or other facsimile. 
 
 re-g^m'-ble, v. t. To be alike or similar 
 to. 
 
 sim-l-lar'-i-ty, n. Close likeness. 
 
 8!-m!l'-i-tride, n. Likeness; resem- 
 blance. 
 
 xy-ldg'-ra-phy (zi-Idg'-)? «• Wood en- 
 graving. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 69 
 
 LESSON 103. 
 miscki^i^a:nhous. 
 
 A little learning is a dangerous thing ; 
 Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring; 
 Their shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, 
 And drinking largely sobers us again. — Pope. 
 
 la'-bel, n. A slip of paper affixed to 
 anything, denoting its contents. 
 
 lo-CO-mo'-tiye, n. A steam engine on 
 wheels. 
 
 lon-gey'-i-ty, n. Length of life. 
 
 lii'-bri-eate, v. t. To make smooth or 
 slippery. 
 
 mat'-ri-mo-ny, n. Marriage. 
 
 me§'-mer-ism, n. The art of inducing 
 a state of the nervous system in which 
 the actor claims to control the actions, 
 and communicate directly with the 
 mind of the recipient. 
 
 iiiod'-ern-ize, v. t. To cause to con- 
 form to recent or present use or 
 taste. 
 
 mod'-i-f y, v. t. To give new form to. 
 
 mo-men'-tous, a. Of great consequence. 
 
 n. A character com- 
 posed of two or more letters inter- 
 woven, 
 
 mo-not'-o-nous, a. Continued with 
 dull uniformity. 
 
 iiat'-u-ral, a. Not artificial nor exag- 
 gerated, 
 
 ne^'-es-sa-ry, a. Essential. 
 
 neigh'-bor-hood, n. Adjoining dis- 
 trict. 
 
 nea'-tral, a. Not decided or pro- 
 nounced; indifferent, 
 
 nom'-i-nal, a. Existing in name only. 
 
 ndr'-mal, a. Performing proper func- 
 tions. 
 
 no-to'-ri-ous, a. Manifest to the world. 
 
 nov'-el-ty, n. Recentness of introduc- 
 tion ; a new or strange thing. 
 
 nup'-tial, a- Pertaining to marriage. 
 
 LESSON 104. 
 
 " Were I so tall to reach the pole, 
 
 Or grasp the ocean with my span, 
 I must be measured by my soul, 
 
 The mind's the standard of the man." 
 
 aii-ti§'-i-pate, v. t. To have a previ- 
 ous view or impression. 
 
 ap-pre'-ci-ate (shi-at), v. t. To esti- 
 mate justly ; to value, 
 
 ap-pre-liend', v. t. To understand; 
 to believe. 
 
 as-ger-tain', v. t. To make certain ; 
 to assure. 
 
 as-sid'-u-ous, a. Constant in applica- 
 tion or attention. 
 
 be-lieve', v. t. To regard as true. 
 
 «6g'-ni-zaut (€0g'- or -con'-), a. Hav- 
 ing knowledge of. 
 
 «5m-pIi-€a'-tion, n. Perplexity; en- 
 tanglement. 
 
 ■cdm-pre-heiid', v. t. To understand. 
 
 ■eon-je-e'-ture, n. Probable inference; 
 surmise. 
 
 «6n'-scieuce (kdn'-shens), n. The 
 moral sense. 
 
60 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 €6ii'-sciofls (kdn'-shfls), a. Possessing 
 the faculty or power of knowing one's 
 own thoughts or mental operations. 
 
 «6n'-striie, v. t. To interpret ; to un- 
 derstand. 
 
 «dii'-tein-plate or €dn-tem'-plate, v. t. 
 
 To meditate on ; to study. 
 
 ■ere-du'-li-ty, n. A disposition to be- 
 lieve on slight evidence. 
 
 ■Cii-ri-os'-i-ty, n. Disposition to in- 
 quire, investigate or seek after knowl- 
 edge. 
 
 de-^i'-plier, v. t. To unravel ; to find 
 out so as to make known the mean- 
 ing of. 
 
 des'-ig-nate, v. t. 
 
 make known. 
 
 To mark out and 
 
 de-ter'-mine, v. 
 
 nitely. 
 
 de-vel'-op, v. t. 
 
 t. To ascertain defi- 
 
 To unfold gradually. 
 
 LESSON 105 
 
 Pertaining: to the mind. 
 
 Talk not of talents ; what hast thou to do? 
 Thy duty, be thy portion five or two. 
 Talk not of talents ; is thy duty done ? 
 Thou hadst sufficient, were they ten or one 
 
 di-gress', v. i. To wander from the 
 
 main subject of attention in writing 
 
 or speaking. 
 dil'-i-geiit, a. Steady and devoted in 
 
 application. 
 dis-a-gree', v. i. To differ in opinion. 
 di§-§ern'-ment, n. The faculty of the 
 
 mind which distinguishes one thing 
 
 from another 
 dis-€re'-tioii,«. Prudence; judgment. 
 dis-crim'-i-nate, V. t. To distinguish ; 
 
 to select. 
 dis-tin'-giiish, v. t. To recognize or 
 
 discern. 
 en-deay'-or, n. An exertion of intel- 
 lectual or physical strength. 
 e-ntg'-ma, n. A statement, the hidden 
 
 meaning of which is to be discovered 
 
 or guessed. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 ex-pe-ct'-aut, a. Looking for ; waiting. 
 
 f ath'-om, V. t. To get to the bottom of. 
 
 feign (fan), v. t. To pretend; to im- 
 agine. 
 
 gen'-ius (jen'-yus), n. Distinguished 
 mental superiority. 
 
 i-de'-al, a. Existing in thought. 
 
 i-deu'-ti-f y, v. i. To prove to be the 
 same. 
 
 im-ag-i-na'-tion, n. Image-making 
 power; conception. 
 
 im-pro-vige', v. t. To bring about on 
 a sudden ; off-hand, or without previ- 
 ous preparation. 
 
 in-€li-na'-tion, «. Leaning of the 
 mind, feelings, preferences, or will. 
 
 in-crSd'-i-ble, a. Impossible to be 
 believed. 
 
 in-de-pend'-en^e, n. Free from de- 
 pendence on others. 
 
 LESSON 106. 
 
 Pertaining: to tlie Hind. 
 
 Each, after all, learns only what he can 
 
 Who grasps the moment as it flies, 
 He is the real man.— Goethe. 
 
 in-d!s-«r!m'-i-nate, a. Not making 
 
 any distinction. 
 in'-fer-eu<;e, «. A concli&ion. 
 
 in-f e'-rl-or, a. 
 
 or excellence. 
 in-ge-nu'-i-ty, n. 
 
 vention. 
 
 Lower in place, rank, 
 Power of ready in- 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 61 
 
 iii-quir'-y, n. Research ; investigation. 
 in'-stin-et, n. Inward impulse. 
 in'-tel-le-ct, n. The power to judge 
 
 and comprehend. 
 in-ter'-pret, v. t. To make clear; to 
 
 explain the meaning of. 
 in-ter'-ro-gate, v. t. To ask questions. 
 in-tu i'-tion (-isli' iin), n. Immediate 
 
 perception ; instinctive knowledge of 
 the relations of ideas, facts, or actions. 
 16g'-i€-al, a. According to reason. 
 
 db-je«'-tion, n, 
 
 against. 
 
 Reason or argument 
 
 6b-liv'-i-on, n. Forgetfulness. 
 
 ob'-sti-iiate, a. Not yielding to reason. 
 
 o-pin'-ion (-yiiii), n. A mental con- 
 viction on any point of knowledge. 
 
 dp'-tion (shun), 
 choosing. 
 
 per-Qeive% v. t. 
 hold. 
 
 per-ver'-si-ty, n. Obstinacy. 
 
 pref 'er-eii^e, n. Choice 
 
 pros-e-eu'-tion, n. Pursuits by effort 
 of body or mind. 
 
 The power of 
 
 To discern; to be- 
 
 LESSON 107. 
 Pertainins: to tlie 9Iin«l. 
 
 Our whitest pearl wt never find ; 
 
 Our ripest fruit we never reach ; 
 The flowering moments of the mind, 
 
 Drop half their petals in our speech 
 
 pro-spe€'-tive, a 
 
 time. 
 ra'-tion-al (rash'-un-al), a 
 
 reason. 
 re'-al-ize, v. t. To impress upon the 
 
 mind as roal ; to accomplish. 
 re€'-og' nize, v. t. To allow that one 
 
 knows ; to know again. 
 re-€-oI-le-et% v. /. To remember. 
 
 Looking forward in 
 Having 
 
 ref'-er-en^e, n. One who or that 
 which is referred to. 
 
 re-fle€'-tioii. n. Meditation. 
 
 re-mem'-bran^e, ^. Memory; recol- 
 lection. 
 
 re'-tro-spect or ret' ro-, n. A con- 
 templation of things past. 
 
 sa-ga'-cions, a. Shrewd; wise. 
 
 Holmes. 
 
 skep'-ti-^i§m, n. An undecided, in- 
 quiring state of mind. 
 
 spe-€'-u-late, v. i. To contemplate ; to 
 consider. 
 
 sto-lid'-i-ty, n. Dullness of intellect. 
 
 su-per-f i'-cial (-f ish'-al), a. Not deep 
 nor profound. 
 
 sup-po-gi'-tion, n. The act of imag- 
 ining what is not proved to be true. 
 
 taF eiit-ed, «. Possessing skill or talent. 
 
 uu-der-stand', v. t. To have knowl- 
 edge of ; to comprehend ; to know. 
 
 un-rea'-§on-a-ble, a. Not agreeable 
 
 to reason. 
 va^Ml-Iate, v. i. To fluctuate in mind 
 
 or opinion ; to waver. 
 
 va-ga'-ry, «. A wandering of the 
 thoughts. 
 
 LESSON 108. 
 
 Our minds are seventy-year clocks. The Angel of Life winds them up once 
 for all, then closes the case and gives the key into the hands of the Angel of the 
 Resurrection. Tic-tac ! tic-tac ! go the wheels of thought ; our will cannot stop 
 them ; they cannot stop themselves ; sleep cannot still them ; madness only makes 
 them go faster ; death alone can break into the case, and, seizing the ever-swinging 
 pendulum, which we call the heart, silence at last the clinking of the terrible escape- 
 ment we have carried so long beneath our wrinkled foreheads, — Oliver W, Holmes, 
 
62 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 109. 
 
 HOBIOPHO^OUS -WORDS. 
 
 Truth crushed to earth will rise again ; 
 
 The eternal years of God are hers : 
 But Error, wounded, writhes in pain, 
 
 And dies amid his worshipers. — Bryant. 
 
 lax, a. Not severe, rigid or strict; 
 
 loose. 
 la-eks, V. t. Wants ; needs. 
 
 li'-ar, n. One who falsifies. 
 lyre, «. A musical instrument. 
 
 lie, n. A falsehood. 
 lye, n. Solution obtained by water 
 passing through wood ashes. 
 
 links, n. Rings or parts of a chain. 
 Ijhftx, n. A kind of wild cat, that prowls 
 about at night. 
 
 loan, n. That which is lent. 
 lone, a. Solitary. 
 
 16ch (15k), n. A lake. 
 Idck, n. A fastening for doors, trunks, 
 etc. 
 
 mail, n. Mailed matter, as letters, 
 
 papers, etc. 
 male, a. Masculine. 
 
 made, v. t. Completed. 
 
 maid, n. An unmarried woman. 
 
 mane, n. Long hair on the neck of 
 
 an animal. 
 
 mam, a. 
 
 maze, n. 
 maize, «. 
 
 Chief. 
 
 Perplexity. 
 Indian corn. 
 
 LESSON 110. 
 t,lXE:iCATUIl.B. 
 
 It is the masterful will that compresses a life-thought into a pregnant word or phrase, and 
 sends it ringing through the centuries. — ^a/'A^zt/.s. 
 
 a-erds'-ti-c, n. A poem whose initial 
 letters spell a word or words. 
 
 ad'-age, «. An old saying; a maxim. 
 
 al'-le-go-ry, n. Description of one 
 thing under the image of another. 
 
 al'-ma-na-e, n. A book containing a 
 calendar of days, weeks, and months. 
 
 am'-bi-^a'-i-ty, n. Uncertainty of sig- 
 nification. 
 
 an'-nal§, n. A series of historical 
 events. 
 
 a-n6n'-y-moii8, a. Without the real 
 name of the author. 
 
 ftu-to-bi-dg'-ra-pliy, n. One's life 
 written by one's self. 
 
 ax'-I-om, «. A self-evident truth; a 
 maxim. 
 
 bSUeg-lgt'-tres (b^l-lgt'-ter), n. Polite 
 or elegant literature. 
 
 bi-5f'-ra-phy, n. History of one's life 
 and character. 
 
 ■cdm'-men-ta-ry, n. A book of expla- 
 nations on the work of any author. 
 
 def-i-nF-tion, n. An explanation of 
 the meaning of a word or term. 
 
 de-tail', v. i. To report minutely. 
 
 di«'-tion-a-ry (-shiin-), n. A book 
 containing words arranged alphabet- 
 ically, with explanations of their 
 meaning. 
 
 6n-^y-clo-pe'-di-a, n. A general survey 
 of human knowledge. 
 
 er-ro'-ne-oils, a. Liable to mislead. 
 
 Ss'-say, n. A composition treating of 
 any particular subject. 
 
 f a'-ble, «. A feigned story intended 
 to instruct or amuse. 
 
 flgr'-ur-a-tive, a. Not literal. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 63 
 
 LESSON III. 
 
 I^iteratnre. 
 
 Books, we know, are a substantial world, both pure and good ; 
 Round these, with tendrils strong as flesh and blood, 
 Our pastime and our happiness will grow. — Wordsworth. 
 
 glos'-sa-ry, n. A limited dictionary. 
 his'-to-ry, n. Record of past events. 
 il-lit'-er-ate, a. Ignorant of books; 
 
 unlearned. 
 il-lfis'-trate, v. t. To ornament and 
 
 explain by pictures. 
 in'-dex, n. A table for facilitating 
 
 reference to topics. 
 le^'-end or le'-geud, n. Any story 
 
 handed down from early times. 
 lit'-er-a-ry, a. Pertaining to literature. 
 lj^r'-i€, n. A poem which expresses 
 
 the individual emotions of the poet. 
 
 mem'-oir or mem'- (-wor), n. A writ- 
 ten memorial of an individual. 
 
 iiar'-ra-tive, n. A story. 
 ii6'-meii-«la-tnre, n. A list of the 
 
 more important words in a language, 
 
 with their signification. 
 
 pam'-phlet, n. A small book stitched 
 
 together, but not bound. 
 par'-a-ble, n. A kind of fable from 
 
 which a moral is drawn. 
 par'-a-graph, n. A short sentence or 
 
 passage. 
 par'-o-dy, n. A writing by which the 
 
 words of the author are, with slight 
 
 alterations, adapted to a different 
 
 purpose. 
 per-s6n'-i-f y, v. t. To treat as a person. 
 pi€-to'-ri-al, a. Illustrated by pictures. 
 pla'-gia-rist, «. One who purloins the 
 
 writings of another, and passes them 
 
 off as his own. 
 plau'-gi-ble, a. Apparently right. 
 p6'-et-ry, n. Metrical composition; 
 
 verse. ' 
 
 LESSON 112. 
 I^iterature. 
 
 It is the glorious doom of literature, that the 
 Lytton. 
 
 pre'-am-ble, «. An introductory por- 
 tion ; a preface. 
 
 pref'-a§e, n. An introduction to a 
 book. 
 
 pro-ver'-bi-al, a. Resembling or suit- 
 able to a proverb. 
 
 quo-ta'-tion, n. A part of a book 
 or writing named, repeated as an il- 
 lustration. 
 
 rhyme (rim), n. A word answering in 
 sound to another word ; harmony of 
 language. 
 
 rhj^thm (rithm), n. Harmonious flow 
 of vocal sounds. 
 
 evil perishes and the good remains.— ^m/w^^ 
 
 ro-man§e', n. An extravagant story. 
 sat'-ire, n. An invective poem. 
 
 sa-Yant' (sa-v5iig0> «• One versed in 
 literature or science. 
 
 sen-sa'-tion-al, a. Fitted to excite 
 great interest. 
 
 sen'-si-ble, a. Containing sense or 
 reason. 
 
 sen-ti-men'-tal, a. Having or contain- 
 ing sentiment. 
 
 se'-qnel, n. A succeeding part. 
 
 se'-ri-al, n. A work appearing in a 
 series or a succession of parts. 
 
 stan'-za, n. Part of a poem. 
 
64 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 ste'-re-o-type, v. i. To compose a 
 book in fixed types. 
 
 sftp'-ple-ment, n. That which* com- 
 pletes something already arranged. 
 
 sj^n-6n' y-motls, a. 
 
 same idea. 
 
 Conveying the 
 
 tra-di'-tion-al, a. Only transmitted 
 from age to age without writing. 
 
 vo-€ab'-u-la-ry, n. A list of words ar- 
 ranged alphabetically and explained. 
 
 LESSON 113. 
 DICXAXIOK KXHRCISK. 
 
 '* It may be glorious to write thoughts that shall glad the two or three high 
 souls, like those far stars that come in sight once in a century, but better far it is 
 to speak one simple wotd, which now and then shall waken the free nature in the 
 weak and friendless sons of men. 
 
 To write some earnest verse or line, which seeking not the praise of art, shall 
 make a clearer faith, and manhood shine in an untutored heart. 
 
 He who doeth this, in verse or prose, may be forgotten in his day, but surely 
 shall be crowned at last with those who live and speak for aye." 
 
 LESSON 114. 
 
 MISCHr,L,AKKOlJS. 
 
 Nothing ever happens but once in this world. What I do now I do once for all. 
 is gone, with all its eternity of solemn meaning. — Carlyle. 
 
 It is over, it 
 
 6b-li-ga'-tion, n. The binding power 
 of a vow, promise, etc. 
 
 6b-lit'-er-ate, v. t. To erase or blot 
 out. 
 
 6b'-sta-ele, n. Anything that hinders 
 progress. 
 
 db'-yi-ate, v. t. To prevent by inter- 
 ception. 
 
 6-e-«a'-sioii, n. A favorable opportu- 
 nity; occurrence. 
 
 6«-CU-pa'-tion, n. The principal busi- 
 ness of one's life ; possession. 
 
 6f '-fer-to-ry, n. The act of offering 
 or the thing offered. 
 
 df-fi'-ci-ate (-fish'-i-ate), v. L To 
 perform the appropriate business of 
 an ofl&ce or public trust. 
 
 o'-gle, n. A side glance or look. 
 
 o-mis'-sion, n. The act of leaving out. 
 
 dp'-po-gite, a. Facing; contrary. 
 
 dr'-di-na-ry, ^. Customary; common. 
 
 6r-gaii-i-za'-tioii, n. An organized ex- 
 istence. 
 
 o-ri-en'-tal, a. Pertaining to the ori- 
 ent or east. 
 
 o-rig'-i-nal, a. Pertaining to the origin. 
 
 or'-iia-ment, n. That which adds 
 grace or beauty 
 
 or'-phan, n. A child who is bereaved 
 of both father and mother. 
 
 0S-t6u'-sl-ble, a. Manifest; apparent. 
 
 0-ver-whglm', v. t. To overspread or 
 crush. 
 
 6- ver- wrought', v.i. Labored to excess. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 65 
 
 LESSON 115. 
 
 I»KirXAINIKG TO UVAR. OR. MII^lXABtY SKRVICE:. 
 
 " Whether on the scaffold high, 
 Or in the battle's van, 
 The fittest place that man can die 
 Is where he dies for man." 
 
 ad'-yer-sa-ry, n. A member of a hos- 
 tile party ; an enemy. 
 
 aid'-de-€amp (ad'-de-kong), n. An 
 officer who conveys the general's or- 
 ders, and represents him in corre- 
 spondence and in directing move- 
 ments. 
 
 al-li'-an§e, n. A union or connection 
 of interests. 
 
 al-ly', n. A confederate. 
 
 an-ni'-hi-late, v. t. To reduce to 
 nothing. 
 
 aii-tag'-o-nize, v. t. To act in oppo- 
 sition. 
 
 ar-til'-ler-y, n. Offensive weapons of 
 
 . war; cannon. 
 
 bay'-o-net, n. A dagger attached to a 
 musket. 
 
 biy'-oua-e (-wa-e), n. The watch or 
 guard of a whole army ; an encamp- 
 ment for the night without tents or 
 covering. 
 
 brav'-er-y, n. Fearlessness of danger. 
 bri^-a-dier' gen'-ei*-al, n. An officer 
 next above a colonel. 
 
 ■car'-bine, n. A fire-arm between the 
 
 pistol and musket in length and 
 
 weight, used by mounted troops. 
 ■ear'-tridge, n. A case containing a 
 
 charge for a fire-arm. 
 ■cay'-al-ry, n. Mounted troops. 
 clial'-lenge, n. An invitation to a 
 
 contest. 
 chap'-lain, n. A clergyman of the 
 
 army. 
 chief '-tain, n. A captain or leader. 
 §hiy'-al-ry, n. Valor ; knight errantry. 
 colonel (ktir'-nel), n. The commander 
 
 of a regiment. 
 ■e5n-di'-tion-al, a. Made or granted 
 
 on certain terms. 
 
 LESSON 116. 
 Pertaining: to "War or Military Service. 
 
 Were half the power that fills the world with terror. 
 Were half the wealth bestowed on camp and courts. 
 
 Given to redeem the human mind from error, 
 
 There were no need of arsenals and forts.— Longfellow. 
 
 «on'-f is-«ate or €6n-f is'-«ate, v. t. To 
 
 appropriate, as a penalty, to the pub- 
 lic use. 
 
 ■c6n'-quer-or (konk'-er-ur), n. One 
 who gains a victory. 
 
 •eor'-po-ral, n. A military officer. 
 
 ■cour'-age, n. Boldness; valor. 
 
 di-plo'-ma-^y, n. Skill in securing ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 dy'-na-mite, n. Nitre glycerine. 
 
 ex-pIoit% n. A great or noble achieve- 
 ment. 
 
 fi-nesse', n. Stratagem. 
 
 for'-age, v. i. To ravage ; to feed on 
 spoil. 
 
 for'-mi-da-ble, a. Exciting fear. 
 
 fra'-eas, n. A noisy quarrel. 
 
 gal'-Iant, a. Brave ; courageous. 
 
 haz'-ard-ous, a. Dangerous. 
 
 hds'-tile, a. Unfriendly. 
 
66 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 In'-fant-ry, n. 
 
 foot. 
 
 A body of soldiers on 
 Incapable of being 
 
 in-vhi'-^ii-ble, a 
 
 conquered. 
 
 knap'-sa-ek (nap'-)* «• A soldier's sack 
 in which to carry clothing. 
 
 mas'-sa-€re (ker), n. 
 destruction of life. 
 
 A cold-blooded 
 
 National mil- 
 
 mi-ir-tia ( lish'-a), n. 
 
 itary force. 
 
 mii'-ti-iiy, n. Insurrection against au- 
 thority. 
 
 LESSON 117. 
 Pertalulns: to l^ar or Military Service. 
 
 Many a shaft at random sent, 
 
 Finds mark the archer little meant I 
 
 And many a word at random spoken, 
 
 May soothe, or wound, a heart that's broken.— 5V:o/^. 
 
 skir'-mish, n. A contest; a slight 
 fight in war. 
 
 slaugh'-ter, v. t. To slay in battle; 
 to visit with great destruction of life. 
 
 sol'-dier (sol'-jer), n. One who serves 
 in the army. 
 
 strat'-a-gem, n. A plan or scheme for 
 deceiving an enemy. 
 
 tar'-get, n. A mark for marksmen to 
 fire at. 
 
 Guilty of treason; 
 
 Full of love for one's 
 On the alert, like 
 
 pa-tri-5t'-i-e, a 
 
 country. 
 
 qui-Yive' (ke-vevO- 
 a sentinel. 
 
 re-ber, v. /'. To take up arms traitorous- 
 ly against the state or government. 
 
 re-bel'-lious (-yfls), a. Traitorously 
 renouncing the authority of the gov- 
 ernment to which allegfiance is due. 
 
 re-eryit', n. A newly enlisted soldier. 
 
 re-per, v. t. To drive back. 
 
 re-§ist'-aii<je, n. Opposition. 
 
 se-^ede', v. i. To withdraw, as a State 
 from the Union. 
 
 se-Qes'-sioii (-sSsh'-uii), n. The with- 
 drawal or attempt to withdraw from 
 an organization. 
 
 siege, n. Continued attempt to gain 
 possession. 
 
 trai'-tor-otls, a. 
 
 faithless. 
 
 trea'-son, n. Disloyalty. 
 Yal'-iant (Yal'-yaiit), a. Heroic ; brave. 
 yal'-or-oils, a. Brave; courageous. 
 van'-quish (Yafik'-wish), v. t. To con- 
 quer. 
 
 LESSON 118. 
 
 Times of general calamity and confusion have ever been productive of the greatest minds. 
 The purest ore is produced from the hottest furnace, and the brightest thunderbolt from the 
 darkest storm.— Colton. 
 
 iig'-i-tate, v. t. To disturb. 
 
 ba'-bel, n. Confusion. 
 
 l)0is'-t'^'*0ils, a. Noisy; rough; act- 
 ing with noisy turbulence. 
 
 ■€ha-5t'-l€, a. Confused. 
 
 ■efim-mo'-tion, n. Civil or public dis- 
 turbance. 
 
 «dn-fu'-Sion, «. Disorder; tumult. 
 dis-or'-der, «. Confusion; disarray. 
 dis-s6ii'-sioii, «. Strife; discord. 
 dis-tftrb'-aii^e, n. Violent disorder. 
 ^x-^ite'-meut, n. Agitation. 
 hflb'-bilb, n. A great noise. 
 liftr'-iy-bftr-iy, n. Confusion- 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 67 
 
 hus'-tle, V, i. 
 
 confusion. 
 
 To move hastily and in 
 
 A state of excitement 
 
 Unrestrained; engaging 
 
 ramp'-age, n 
 
 or passion. 
 
 ri'-ot-ous, a. 
 
 in riot. 
 
 rough (ruf), a. Tempestuous; not 
 smooth. 
 
 storm'-y, a. Proceeding from violent 
 agitation or fury. 
 
 tem-pes'-tu-OUS, a. Violent ; stormy. 
 
 tu-murtn-ous, a. Greatly agitated; 
 confused. 
 
 tur'-bu-lent, a. In violent commotion. 
 
 LESSON 119. 
 mCXAXIOJ^ KXBRCISK. 
 
 Then came the mad retreat ; the whirlwind snows 
 Sweeping around them, merciless as man ; 
 The stiffening hand, the pulseless heart and eye, 
 The frozen standard and the palsied arm ; 
 The unfrequent watch-fires, rising like red sparks 
 Amidst the illimitable snows ; the crowds 
 Of spectral myriads shuddering around them, 
 Frozen to statues ; scathed by the red flames 
 Or speared by howling savages ; until 
 Winter, less merciless than they, threw o'er them 
 Her winding sheet of snows, deep burying 
 Armies whose presence vanished like a dream." 
 
 LESSON 120. 
 
 II09I0PII0I«(0US ^WOROS. 
 
 '* Count that day lost whose low descending sun, 
 Views from thy hand no worthy action done." 
 
 man'-tel, n. The shelf over a fire- 
 place, in front of the chimney. 
 man'-tle, n. A loose wrap. 
 
 man'-ner, n. Mode of action. 
 man'-or, n. The land belonging to a 
 lord or nobleman. 
 
 meet, v. t. To encounter. 
 meat, n. Flesh used for food. 
 mete, v. t. To limit ; to allot ; to 
 measure. 
 
 med'-al, n. A reward of merit. 
 med'-dle, v. i. To interfere ; to ^ake 
 
 part in a thing with which one should 
 
 have nothing to do. 
 
 met'-al, n. A lustrous mineral. 
 met'-tle, n. Excitable temperament. 
 
 mean, a. Low; vile; intermediate. 
 mien, n. Appearance; manner. 
 
 min'-er, n. One who works in a mine. 
 min'-or, «. One under age. (a.) less. 
 
 moan, v. i. To bewail. 
 
 mown, V. t. Cut with a scythe, etc. 
 
 oar, n. An instrument for rowing. 
 ore, «. The compound of a metal and 
 
 some other substance. 
 o'er, prep. Contraction of over. 
 
68 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 121. 
 
 "Men are born to trouble at first, and exercised in it all their days, yet it will not hurt you 
 unless it makes you sour, narrow and skeptical." 
 
 an-iioy'-an^e, n. Causing trouble. 
 
 §ha-griii' (sha-griii')» «• Vexation; 
 mortification. 
 
 dis-ad-yan'-tage, n. Unfavorable cir- 
 cumstances. 
 
 dis-tress', v. t. To cause pain to ; to 
 afflict. 
 
 gx-cr^'-ci-at-ing (-shi-at-)) ^- ^- Ex- 
 tremel}'- painful. 
 
 har'-ass, v. t. To tease ; to perplex. 
 
 in-€on-veii'-ienQe (yenge), n. Trouble ; 
 disadvantage. 
 
 mis'-chie-vous, a. Troublesome; in- 
 clined to do harm. 
 
 mis-for'-tune, n. Ill luck; harm; 
 disaster. 
 
 nui'-san^e, n. That which annoys or 
 
 gives trouble. 
 6r'-de-al, n. Severe trial. 
 per-plex', v. t. To tease ; to distract. 
 plague, V. t. To vex ; to trouble. 
 prej'-u-di^e, n. Damage ; prejudgment. 
 tan'-ta-Iize, v. t. To tease ; to torment. 
 teage, v. t. To vex with importunity ; 
 
 to annoy. 
 
 tdr-meiit'-er or tdr-ment'-or, «. One 
 
 who torments. 
 tor'-ture, v. t. To pain extremely. 
 troub'-le-s6me, a. Giving trouble. 
 vex-a'-tious, a. Teasing; annoying. 
 
 LESSON 122. 
 
 UKPJOXIWfG INJURY. 
 
 Is it worth while that we battle to humble 
 
 Some poor fellow creature down in the dust ? 
 
 Time will soon tumble all of us together 
 
 Humbled indeed, down into the dust.— yba^M?« Miller. 
 
 €a-liim'-ni-ate, v. t. To accuse falsely. 
 €du-taiii'-i-nate, v. t. To pollute. 
 •c6r-rftpt', V. t. To debase ; to defile. 
 de-mdr'-al-ize, v. t. To corrupt the 
 
 morals of. 
 de-r5g'-a-to-ry, a. Injurious. 
 det-ri-mgn'-tal, a. Hurtful. 
 
 im-po-gr-tion, 
 
 tion. 
 in-ju'-ri-oils, a. 
 
 An excessive exac- 
 
 la^'-er-ate, v. t. 
 mu'-ti-late, v. t. 
 
 tial part of. 
 per-nF-cioiis (-nish'-fis), a 
 
 destructive. 
 
 Harmful. 
 To tear : to rend. 
 To destroy an essen- 
 
 Ruinous ; 
 
 per'-se-eute, v. t. To pursue in a 
 manner to injure. 
 
 per-ver'-sioii, n. A change to something 
 worse. 
 
 poi'-sou-oiis, a. Corrupting; impair- 
 ing soundness or purity. 
 
 r\|'-iu-oils, a. Destructive. 
 
 s€an'-dal-ize, v. i. To defame. 
 
 «I»iii'-der-oiis, a. Containing defama- 
 tion. 
 
 sfib'-tle (sftt'-l), a. Sly in design. 
 
 siir-rep-tl'-tious (-tish'-ft.s), a. Made 
 or introduced fraudulently; done by 
 stealth. 
 
 vi'-o-len^e, ». Vehemence; unjust 
 force. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 LESSON 123. 
 
 Disasters come not singly, but as if they watched and waited, , 
 
 Scanning one another's motions. When the first descends the others 
 Follow, follow, gathering flock-wise round their victim sick and wounded. 
 First a shadow, then a sorrow, till the air is dark with anguish.— Longfellow. 
 
 H-appening by 
 Hazard; a remark- 
 
 a€-<^i-den'-tal, a. 
 
 chance. 
 ad-ven'-ture, n. 
 
 able occurrence. 
 ad-ver'-si-ty, n. Calamity. 
 anx'-iofis (ank'-sliiis), a. Being in 
 
 painful suspense. 
 ■ca-Iam'-i-ty, n. Misfortune. 
 €a§'-u-al-ty, n. An accident. 
 €a-tas'-tro-phe, n. A final event of a 
 
 disastrous nature. 
 •coi-ir-giou, n. The act of striking 
 
 together. 
 ■COii-tin'-^en-^y, n. That which comes 
 
 without being foreseen. 
 
 daii'-g-er-ous, a. Unsafe ; full of risk. 
 di-lem'-ma or dl-lem'-ma, n. A state 
 
 of things in which it is difficult to 
 
 tell what to do. 
 di§-as'-ter, n. 
 
 e-mer'-gen-^y, n. 
 
 An unfortunate event. 
 
 An unforeseen oc- 
 currence. 
 
 jeop'-ard-y, n. Danger; peril. 
 per'-il-ous, a. Full of risk ; dangerous. 
 quan'-da-ry, n. Doubt; uncertainty. 
 qiiar'-an-fine (kwor), v. t. To com- 
 p*el to remain at a distance. 
 
 se'-ri-OUS, a. Grave; solemn. 
 
 so-li^'-it-ous, a. Anxious to avoid ; 
 concerned. 
 
 sus-pense', n. State of uncertainty. 
 
 LESSON 124. 
 
 OICTAXlOT»if KXERCISK. 
 
 Let fate do her worst ; there are relics of joy, 
 
 Bright dreams of the past, which she cannot destroy; 
 
 And which come in the night-time of sorrow and care, 
 
 To bring back the features that joy used to wear ; 
 
 Long, long be my heart with such memories filled ; 
 
 Like the vase in which roses have once been distilled, 
 
 You may break, you may ruin the vase if you will, 
 
 But the scent of the roses will hang round it still.— Thomas Moore. 
 
 LESSON 125. 
 MISCKI^I^AHJHOUS. 
 
 Among the pitfalls in our way, 
 The best of us walk blindly ; 
 
 So man, be wary, watch and pray, 
 And judge your brother kindly. 
 
 And judge your 
 pa^'-i-f y, V. t. To tranquilize ; to allay. 
 pal'-li-ate, v. t. To cover with excuse. 
 
 par-ti-al'-i-ty (shi-al'-), n. Inclination 
 to favor one side of the question, or 
 one party. 
 
 par-ti§'-i-pate, v 
 
 take. 
 
 Alice Cary. 
 t. To share 
 
 to par- 
 That can be passed; 
 
 pass'-a-ble, a 
 
 acceptable. 
 
 pe-«ur-iar (kuF-yar), a. Unusual 
 singular. 
 
70 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 pSn'-du-lous, a. Hanging; swinging. 
 
 pSn'-e-trate, v. t. To enter into. 
 
 per'-lo-rate, v. t. To make a hole or 
 holes through. 
 
 per'-ish-a-ble, a. Subject to decay. 
 
 per'-me-ate, v. t. To penetrate and 
 pass through without causing rupture. 
 
 per'-pe-trate, v. t. To commit ; to be 
 guilty of. 
 
 per-se-yer'-ange, n. Continued pur- 
 suit. 
 
 p§t'-ri-f y, V. t. To convert to stone. 
 pho-net'-i-C, a. Representing sounds. 
 phj^g'-i-e-ai, a. Relating to natural or 
 
 material things. 
 pier§e'-a-ble, a. Capable of being 
 
 pierced. 
 pin'-ion (-ynn), n. A feather or wing. 
 post'-age, n. The price paid for the 
 
 conveyance of all mailable matter. 
 pra«'-ti^e, n. Actual performance, 
 
 not theory. 
 
 LESSON 126. 
 
 rKIlTAIBiliNG TO rRAVE:i.i:KG. 
 
 It's quite the thing to travel nowadays 
 
 And see if distant ground in general looks 
 
 As mentioned in the papers and in books. — Carleton. 
 
 bag'-gage, n. Trunks, valises, etc. , 
 
 containing clothing which a traveler 
 
 carries with him on his journey. ^ 
 §ir-cii-la'-tioii, n. Going about from 
 
 place to place. 
 ijir-eu'-i-tous, a. Going round about 
 
 or indirect. 
 de'-pot, n. A place where goods are 
 
 stored ; a warehouse. 
 dSs-ti-na'-tion, n. End of a journey. 
 em'-i-grate, v. i. To move from one 
 
 state or country to another. 
 ex-^ftr'-sion, «. A trip for pleasure or 
 
 health. 
 5x'-0-diis, n. Departure from a place. 
 joftr'-ne^^, n. Travel from one place 
 
 to another 
 mi'-gra-to-ry, a. Regularly moving 
 
 from one place to another. 
 
 pe-des'-tri-an, n One who travels or 
 
 journeys on foot. 
 port-man'-teaii (man'-to); n. A bag 
 
 of leather for carrying clothing on 
 
 journeys. 
 route (ro<)t or rowt), n. The way 
 
 traveled. 
 sach'-ei also satch'-el, n. A small 
 
 sack or bag. 
 ter'-mi-nfis, n. The extreme point at 
 
 either end of a piece of railway 
 tgur'-lst, n. One who journeys in a 
 
 circuit. 
 trans- por-ta'-tion, «. Removal; con- 
 veyance. 
 trav'-el-er, n. One who travels. 
 va-IIse', n. A traveling bag. 
 wan'-der, v. t. To travel without a 
 
 certain course. 
 
 LESSON 127. 
 
 DICXAXIO^ £:XKRCISK. 
 
 Tell me gentle traveler, who through the world hast gone. 
 
 And seen the sweetest roses blow. 
 
 And brightest gliding rivers flow, 
 
 Of all thine eyes have looked upon, which is the fairest land ? 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 71 
 
 Child, shall I tell where Nature has best and fairest flowers ? 
 
 It is where those we love abide ; 
 
 Though small that space it is more wide 
 
 Than kingdoms ; though a desert bare, 
 
 The river of the gods is there, 
 
 And there are the enchanted bowers. — From a Persian Poem. 
 
 LESSON 128. 
 
 " For a restorative to a weary brain, bracing to weary muscles, exhilaration for the blues, a 
 smoothing out of tangled nerves, and for an exercise that strengthens while it does not exhaust, 
 pumping fresh red blood vigorously to the very finger tips, ride a bicycle." 
 
 am'-bn-lanQe, n. A kind of movable 
 hospital ; a vehicle for conveying in- 
 jured persons to a hospital. 
 
 barouche' (ba-roosh'), n. A four- 
 wheeled carriage with falling top, 
 and seat outside for driver. 
 
 bi'-^y-€le, n. A two-wheeled veloci- 
 pede. 
 
 bug'-gy, n. A light carriage. 
 
 •€ar'-riage, n. A vehicle, especially 
 for pleasure or passengers. 
 
 §hai§e (shaz), n. A two-wheeled car- 
 riage, with a calash top, and the 
 body hung on leather straps. 
 
 char'-i-ot, n. A four-wheeled state 
 carriage, with one seat. 
 
 €Oii-yey'-an§e, n. The means of car- 
 rying anything from place to place. 
 
 •eou-pe' (koo-paO* ^- A four-wheeled 
 
 "close carriage for passengers. 
 han'-som, n. Alight, low, two- wheeled 
 
 street carriage, with the driver's seat 
 
 elevated behind. 
 
 om'-lii-bus, n. A large, four-wheeled 
 carriage, conveniently arranged for 
 carrying many people. 
 
 pha'-e-ton, n. An open carriage. 
 
 sleigh, n. A vehicle moved on runners. 
 
 stage'-eoach, n. A coach that runs 
 regularly from one place to another, 
 for the cpnvenience of passengers. 
 
 sur'-rey, n. A two-seated carriage. 
 
 tri'-^y-ele, «. A three-wheeled veloc- 
 ipede. 
 
 ye'-hi-cle, n. A conveyance. 
 
 ve-16Q'-i-p(>de, n. A two- wheeled car- 
 riage for a single person, propelled 
 by the feet of the rider. 
 
 vi-e-to'-ri-a, n. A four-wheeled car- 
 riage designed for two persons, with 
 a driver's seat. 
 
 wag'-on, n. A vehicle on four wheels, 
 especially used for carrying freight. 
 
 LESSON 129. 
 
 I»HirTAIBJIHJG TO NAVIGAXION. 
 
 No man ever sailed over exactly the same route that another sailed before him. Every man 
 who starts on the ocean of life arches his sails to an untried breeze.— IVilliam Mathews. 
 
 a-board', adv. Within a ship or boat. 
 an«h'-or, «. An iron instrument for 
 
 holding a boat at rest in the water. 
 barge, n. A large boat for conveying 
 
 passengers or goods. 
 
 Beth'-el, n. A house of worship for 
 seamen. 
 
 ■ea-noe', n, A small boat made of a 
 tree or bark. 
 
72 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 €ap'-stail, n. A strong column of tim- 
 ber, with levers, for heaving in cables, 
 as in raising the anchor. 
 
 flo-til'-la, n. A fleet of small vessels. 
 
 ^aF-ley, «. A low, flat-buik boat with 
 one deck, navigated with sails and 
 oars. 
 
 gdn'-do-la, n. A long, narrow, flat- 
 bottomed pleasure boat used in 
 Venice, Italy, on the canals. 
 
 gdn-do-lier', «. A man who rows a 
 gondola. 
 
 lar'- board, n. Left-hand side of a 
 ship when looking forward. 
 
 ma-rine% a. Pertaining to navigation 
 or the sea. 
 
 mar'-i-time, a. Pertaining to the ocean ; 
 
 marine. 
 nau'-ti-e-al, a. Pertaining to seamen 
 
 or art of navigation. 
 nav'-i-^a-tor, n. One who navigates 
 
 or sails. 
 nav-i-ga'-tion, n. Passing on water in 
 
 ships or other vessels. 
 na'-vy, n. All of the ships of war be- 
 longing to a nation. 
 s-eho?>n'-er, «. • A small, sharp-built 
 
 vessel with two or three masts, and 
 
 fore and aft sails. 
 star'-board, n. Right-hand side of a 
 
 ship when looking forward. 
 yacht (y5t), «. A pleasure vessel. 
 
 LESSON 130. 
 OICXAXIOI^ HX]^RCISB. 
 
 With white wings spread she bounded o'er the deep, 
 
 Home from the tossing of a stormy sea. 
 
 Where waves had yawned, and winds howled fearfully ; 
 
 And where the harbor's waters seemed to sleep 
 
 In breezes calm, and deep, untroubled rest. 
 
 She glided in, furling her weary wing. 
 
 Dropping her anchor down, and like a living thing 
 
 Settled securely on the water's breast. 
 
 So, Oh, my God ! from the rough sea of life, 
 
 Driven by doubt and fear and haggard* care, 
 
 Let me my worn and weary spirit bear. 
 
 Far from its rage, and noise and stormy strife. 
 
 Into the haven of Thy sheltering love, 
 
 And find an anchorage no storm can move. — Mary A. Liver more. 
 
 LESSON 131. 
 
 PKRTAIT«(II«G TO IJVIBJO AIt(D WHAXHKR. 
 
 The day is cold, and dark, and dreary ; 
 It rains, and the wind is never weary ; 
 The vine still clings to the mouldering wall, 
 But at every gust the dead leaves fall. 
 
 And the day is dark and dreary.— Longfelloiv. 
 
 «alm'-iiess, n. Quietness. 
 «6n-^eaF, v. t. Th freeze. 
 <jy'-€l6ne, n. A rotary hurricane. 
 driz'-zle, v. i. To fall in small drops. 
 drought (drout), n. Dry weather. 
 
 e-l§€-tri<j'-i-ty, n. The electric fluid 
 identical with lightning. 
 
 e-qu!-ii5€'-tial, a. Pertaining to the 
 time when the sun enters the equinoc- 
 tial points. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 73 
 
 fo^-gy, a. Damp; misty; cloudy. 
 fri^'-id, a. Cold. 
 
 hur'-ri-€ane, n. A violent storm with 
 wind. 
 
 Storminess; rough- 
 Happening at fixed 
 
 iii-«Iem'-eii-^y, a 
 
 ness. 
 pe-ri-6(l'-i«-al, a. 
 
 intervals. 
 
 si-mo<)n', «. A hot, dry wind, gener- 
 ated by the extreme heat of the 
 parched desert, or sandy plains. 
 
 tem-pes'-tu-ous, a. Stormy; violent. 
 
 thuii'-der-«loud, n. A cloud that pro- 
 duces lightning and thunder. 
 
 tor-na'-do, n. A hurricane. 
 
 tor'-rid, a. Violently hot. 
 
 ty-phoou', n. A violent whirlwind that 
 rushes up from the earth, whirling 
 clouds of dust. 
 
 whirl'-wiiid, n. A violent wind, mov- 
 ing in a circle, and having a progress- 
 ive motion. 
 
 zeph'-yr, n. Any soft, mild, gentle 
 breeze. 
 
 LESSON 132. 
 
 Habits are soon assumed, but when we strive 
 
 To strip them off, 'tis being flayed alive.— Cowper. 
 
 one (wun), a. Single. 
 
 iv6ll, V. t. Obtained ; conquered. 
 
 our, pro. Belonging to us. 
 hour, n. Sixty minutes. 
 
 pale, a. 
 pail, n. 
 
 pane, n. A plate of glass for a window. 
 paiu, n. Suffering. 
 
 paF-ate, n. The roof of the mouth. 
 pal'-let, n. A small and poor or rude bed. 
 
 White ; not bright. 
 A vessel with a bail. 
 
 pair, 71. Two things of a kind. 
 pear, n. A kind of fruit. 
 
 peal, n. A loud sound. 
 
 peel, V. t. To remove the skin. 
 
 pea^e, n. Calmness. 
 
 ple§e, n. A part of anything. 
 
 peak, n. The summit. 
 
 pique (pek), n. Wounded pride. 
 
 peer, n. A nobleman ; an equal. 
 pier, n. Support of a bridge. 
 
 LESSON 133. 
 
 We live in deeds, not years ; in thoughts, not breaths ; 
 In feelings, not in figures on a dial ; 
 We should count time by heart throbs. He most lives 
 Who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the hest.— Bailey. 
 
 aft'-er-ward, adv. In time subsequent. 
 au^-tnmn, n. Third season of the 
 
 year; decline 
 ^ease'-less, a. Without pause or end. 
 ^en'-tu-ry, n. A period of a hundred 
 
 years. 
 •edn-tiii'-u-al, a. Perpetual; never 
 
 ceasing. 
 
 de€'-ade, n. The sum or number of 
 ten, as ten years. 
 
 di-re-ct'-ly, adv. Immediately ; with- 
 out delay. 
 
 di-ur'-nal, a. Daily. 
 
 e-lapse', v. i. To pass away silently, 
 as time. 
 
 e-phem'-e-ral, a. Beginning and end- 
 ing in a day. 
 
74 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 ere-ldiig', adv. Before long; soon. 
 
 fre'-quen-^y, n. Occurrence oft re- 
 peated. 
 
 im-me'-di-ate-ly, adv. Without delay ; 
 instantly. 
 
 iu-stan-ta'-iie-ous, a. Done in an in- 
 stant. 
 
 leap'-year, n. Every fourth year, 
 containing 366 days. 
 
 iei'-gare, n. Time free from employ- 
 ment. 
 
 miii'-ute (min'-it), n. Sixty seconds 
 of time. 
 
 mo'-men-ta-ry, a. Lasting a very short 
 time. 
 
 iio«-tur'-nal, a. Occurring or done at 
 night. 
 
 5f'-ten (6f'-ii), adv. Frequently. 
 
 LESSON 134. 
 
 Time. 
 
 " The years have linings, just as goblets do ; 
 The old year forms the lining 01 the new ; 
 Killed with the wine of pleasant memories, 
 The golden was doth line the silver is.'' 
 
 Perpetual ; never- 
 Duration; contin- 
 
 5p-por-tune', a. Seasonable ; timely. 
 op-por-tu'-ni-ty, n. Fit or convenient 
 
 time. 
 per-^ii'-ni-al, a. 
 
 failing. 
 per'-ma-neii-^y, «. 
 
 uance in the same state or place. 
 per-pet'-ii-al, «. Never ceasing. 
 pre'-vi-otts, a. Happening before. 
 pro-eras'-ti-nate, v. t. To put off till 
 
 tomorrow, or from day to day; to 
 
 postpone. 
 re'-<jent-ly, adv. Not long since. 
 re-efir'-rent, a. Returning from time 
 
 to time. 
 sea'-gou-a-ble, a. Opportune ; timely. 
 
 se-e'-ond, n. The sixtieth part of a 
 
 minute of time. 
 si-mul-ta'-iie-ous, a. At the same 
 
 time. 
 sub'-se-quent, a. Following in time. 
 sum'-mer, n. The second season of 
 
 the year. 
 tar'-di-ly, adv. Slowly. 
 tem'-po-ra-ry, a. Lasting for a short 
 
 time only. 
 tran'-sient (-shent), a. Of short du- 
 ration. 
 iiii-n'-§ii-al, a. Not occurring often; 
 
 uncommon. 
 u'-gii-al, a. Occurring of ten ; customary. 
 year'-ly, a. Happening or coming 
 
 every year. 
 
 LESSON 135. 
 OICXAXIOT* HXBRCISH. 
 
 O a wonderful stream is the river Time 
 
 As it runs through the realm of tears, 
 With a faultless rhythm and musical rhyme, 
 And a broader sweep and a surge sublime, 
 
 As it blends in the ocean of years. 
 How the winters are drifting like flakes of snow, . 
 
 And the summers like buds between, 
 And the year in the sheaf, how they come and they go 
 On the river's breast with its ebb and flow, 
 
 As it glides in the shadow and sheen." 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 75 
 
 LESSON 136. 
 
 MISCKI^I^AT^KOVS. 
 
 •|From torch reversed, the flame 
 
 Still streameth, rising straight ; 
 So struggleth up the brave man 
 Stricken down by fate." 
 
 pre-d6m'-i-nant, a. Prevalent over 
 others ; superior in strength, influence 
 or authority. 
 
 prep-a-ra'-tion, n. Anything which 
 makes ready or prepares the way. 
 
 prey'-a-lencje, n. General existence 
 or extension. 
 
 priy'-i-le^e, n, A peculiar benefit or 
 
 advantage. 
 prob'-a-ble, a. Likely; having more 
 
 evidence for than against. 
 pro-^e'-dnre, n. An act performed. 
 prd€-la-ma'-tion, n. An official or 
 
 general notice. 
 pro-du'-^i-ble, a. Capable of being 
 
 brought forth. 
 
 prdm-e-iiade' or prdm-e-uade', v. i. 
 
 To walk for amusement or exercise. 
 prom'-i-iieii§e, n. Conspicuousness. 
 pro-mis'-€u-ous, a. Mingled. 
 pnb-li§'-i-ty, n. Notoriety; being 
 
 public. 
 pul'-yer-ize, v. /. To reduce to fine 
 
 powder. 
 pun-c'-ture, v. t. To pierce with a 
 
 small pointed instrument. 
 pnr-su'-ant, a. Following. 
 pur-vey', v, t. To furnish or provide. 
 qua-drille' (kwa- or ka-)> «• A kifid 
 
 of dance. 
 rad'-i-eal, a. Extreme; unsparing. 
 rai§'-a-ble, a. That can be raised. 
 raii'-§id, a. Having a rank smell. 
 
 LESSON 137. 
 
 I^ike as a plank of drift-wood, tossed on the watery main, 
 Another plank encounters, meets, touches, parts again ; 
 So, meeting and parting ever, on life's unresting sea, 
 Men meet, and greet, and sever, parting eternally." 
 
 a€-quaint'-aiiQe, n. One well known. 
 as-sem'-ble, v. z. To meet or come 
 together. 
 
 as-so'-ci-ate (-shi-at), n. A compan- 
 ion. 
 
 aux-il'-ia-ry (-ya-r^), ^. Helping; as- 
 sisting. 
 
 e-«lat', n. Brilliancy of success ; splen- 
 dor. 
 
 e-lite' (a-leet')9 ^' -A. choice or select 
 body. 
 
 iu-form'-al, a. Not in the usual estab- 
 lished form. 
 
 in'-ter-view, n. A conference. 
 in'-ti-ma-^y, n. Nearness in friendship. 
 in-tro-duQe', t/. t. To make known 
 by formal announcement. 
 
 r-so-late or is'-o-late, v- t. To place 
 
 by oneself, or itself. 
 ma'-tu-al, «. Interchanged; common. 
 5s'-tra-<jize, v. t. To banish from 
 
 society. 
 
 per'-son-al, a. Belonging or pertain- 
 ing to a person. 
 
 rou-tine', n. A round of business or 
 "pleasure often pursued. 
 
 se-elu'-gion, n. Separation from society. 
 
 so'-cia-ble (-sha-bl), a. Fond of com- 
 panions. 
 
 so-§i'-e ty, «. An association for mu- 
 tual benefit, pleasure or usefulness. 
 
 soi-ree' (swa-ra'), n. An evening 
 party. 
 
 sdl'-i-tude, n. State of being alone. 
 
76 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 138. 
 
 KAmHS AI»I»I^lEO XO MKI^. 
 
 To thine own self be true, 
 
 And it must follow, as the night the day, 
 
 Thou canst not then be false to any ma.n.— Shakespeare. 
 
 bach'-e-lor, n. An unmarried man. 
 
 ben'-e-di€t, n A married man. 
 
 breth'-ren, n. Used in Scriptural lan- 
 guage in place of brothers. 
 
 chau'-^el-lor, «. A judicial officer of 
 high rank. 
 
 chnrl, n. A surly, ill-bred fellow. 
 
 f 6'-^, n. A dull old fellow. 
 
 fra-ter'-nal, a. Brotherly. 
 
 gl'-ant, n. A man of extraordinary 
 bulk or stature. 
 
 i-tin'-er-aiit, n. One who travels from 
 place to place, pariricularly a preacher. 
 
 mas'-€ii-liue, a. Not feminine ; strong ; 
 robust. 
 
 Mor'-phe-iis, n. The god of dreams. 
 
 nepli'-ew, n. The son of a brother or 
 sister. 
 
 pro-f ess'-or, n One who professes to 
 teach any science or branch of learning. 
 
 pu'-gil-ist, n. One who fights with his 
 fists. 
 
 8€ulp'-tor, n. One whose occupation 
 is to carve images or figures. 
 
 swain, 7t. A country gallant or lover. 
 
 tii'-tor, n. A private or public teacher. 
 
 un'-ele, n. The brother of one's father 
 or mother. 
 
 yet'-er-aii, n. One grown old in serv- 
 ice. 
 
 vi-e'-ar, n. The incumbent of an ap- 
 propriated benefice. 
 
 LESSON 139. 
 uicTAxiojv hxhrcise:. 
 
 ** Many men have been obscure in their origin and birth, but great and glori- 
 ous in life and death. They have been born and nurtured in villages, but have 
 reigned and triumphed in cities. They were first laid in the mangers of poverty 
 and obscurity, but afterwards have become possessors of thrones and palaces. 
 Their fame is like the pinnacle which ascends higher and higher, until at last it 
 becomes a most conspicuous and towering object of attraction. It is not good for 
 human nature to have the road of life made too easy. So it is a common saying 
 that the men who are most successful in business are those who begin the world 
 in their shirt sleeves, while those who begin with fortunes generally lose them." 
 
 bnj-nStte', n. 
 
 plexion. 
 ■e6-qu6tte', n. 
 dniigh'-ter, n. 
 
 LESSON 140. 
 
 KAMKS AI»I*I^IKD XO UVOWIBBI. 
 
 A woman is too .slight a thing 
 
 To trample the world without feeling its sting. 
 
 -Owen Meredith. 
 
 A woman of dark com- 
 
 A jilt; a flirt. 
 A female descendant. 
 
 dow'-a-ger, n. A title given in England 
 to a widow, to distinguish her from 
 the wife of her husband's heir bear- 
 ing the same name. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 77 
 
 em'-press, n. The consort or wife of 
 
 an emperor. 
 f em'-i-niiie, a. Womanly. 
 god'-dess, n. A female god. 
 her'-o-iue, n. A woman of brave spirit. 
 maid'-en, n. An unmarried woman. 
 mam-ma^ n. Mother. 
 ma-ter'-nal, a. Motherly. 
 ma'-tron, n. The female head of a 
 
 household. 
 Mi-ner'-va, n. The goddess of wisdom, 
 
 of war, and of the liberal arts. 
 
 iiie^e, n. The daughter of a brother 
 or sister. 
 
 pre-§ep'-tress, n. A female teacher. 
 
 queen, n. A female monarch. 
 
 shep'-herd-ess (erd), n. A woman 
 that tends sheep. 
 
 si'-ren, n. An enticing or alluring 
 woman. 
 
 sul-ta'-na or sul-ta'-iia, n. The wife 
 of a sultan. 
 
 ter'-ma-gant, n. A boisterous, brawl- 
 ing woman. 
 
 LESSON 141. 
 
 NAMKS AI»I»l,IKO TO PKRSO^S. 
 
 The heights by great men reached and kept 
 Were not attained by sudden flight ; 
 
 But they, while their companions slept, 
 
 Were toiling upward in the nigh.t. — Longfellow. 
 
 a-diilt/, n. A person grown up. 
 
 ap'-pli-€aiit, «. One who makes re- 
 quest. 
 
 as-pir'-ant, n. One who aspires or 
 seeks with eagerness. 
 
 as-sess'-or, n. One who determines 
 the taxes. 
 
 beg'-gar, n. One who begs. 
 
 l)ig'-ot, n. One unreasonably devoted 
 to a party or creed. 
 
 blonde, n. A person with fair com- 
 plexion. 
 
 €an'-ni-bal, n. One who eats human 
 flesh. 
 
 ^'hap'-er-on, n. One who attends a 
 lady in public places as a guide and 
 protector. 
 
 Clt'-i-zen, n. An inhabitant of a city, 
 state or country. 
 
 ■eoF-league, n. A partner or associate 
 in some civil office. 
 
 ■€Ol-le€t'-or, n. An officer appointed 
 and commissioned to receive taxes, 
 duties, tolls or customs, 
 
 «6n-nois-senr' (kon nis stir'), n. One 
 
 well versed in any subject. 
 
 ■eo-tem'-po-ra-ry, n. One who lives at 
 
 the same time as another. 
 ■eoug'-in (kuz'-n), n. The child of an 
 
 uncle or aunt. 
 
 de-p6§'-i-tor, n. One who deposits. 
 dep'-u-ty, n. An assistant empowered 
 
 to act in the officer's name. 
 ep'-i-eure, n. One who indulges in the 
 
 luxuries of the table. 
 
 fa-natM«, n. 
 
 opinion. 
 
 fii'-gi-tive, n. 
 
 danger. 
 
 One extravagant in 
 One who flees from 
 
 LESSON 142. 
 Xames Applied to Persons. 
 
 " Some murmur when their sky is clear and wholly bright to view. 
 If one small speck of dark appear in their great heaven of blue ; 
 And some with thankful love are filled if but one streak of light - 
 One ray of God's good mercy — gild the darkness of the night." 
 
 f iin-e^-tion-a-ry, n. One who holds an 
 office. 
 
 gyp'-sy, n. One of a vagabond race, 
 of a roving disposition ; a dark-col- 
 ored person. 
 
 her'-mit, n. A recluse ; one who retires 
 from society and lives in solitude. 
 
 ig-no-ril'-mus, n. An ignorant person. 
 
 in-«iim'-bent, n. The person in present 
 possession of an office. 
 
78 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 In-dl-vid'-u-al, n. A person. 
 in-hab'-it-ant, n. One who has a legal 
 
 settlement in a town, city or parish. 
 in'-sti-ga-tor, n. One who incites. 
 meu'-ial, n. A servant. 
 mer'-chant, n. One who buys goods 
 
 to sell again. 
 mes'-sen-ger, n. One who bears a 
 
 message or an errand. 
 ml'-ger, n. An extremely covetous 
 
 and stingy person. 
 
 no-vl'-ti-ate (-shi-ate), n. One who is 
 going through a period of probation. 
 
 op-po'-nent, «. One who opposes; 
 an adversary. 
 
 peo'-ple, «. The population, or part 
 of It. 
 
 re-^ip^-i-ent, n. One who receives. 
 
 reg'-i-dent, «• One who resides or 
 dwells in a place for some time. 
 
 sliTrk, n. One who seeks to avoid 
 duty. 
 
 sfib'-sti-tiite, n. One who or that 
 which is put in place of another. 
 
 trans-^ress'-or, «. One who violates 
 any known principle of rectitude. 
 
 LESSON 143. 
 
 NATIONS. 
 
 National progress is the sum of individual industry, energy and uprightness, as national decay 
 is of individual Idleness, selfishness and vice —Samuel Smiles. 
 
 If '-ri-€aii, n. A native of Africa. 
 
 A-mer'-i-€aii, n. A native of America. 
 
 Bed'-^n-Tn, «. One of the tribe of no- 
 madic Arabs, who live in tents. 
 
 ■Gau-ea'-sian, «. Any one belonging 
 to the Indo-European race, and the 
 white races originating near Mt. 
 Caucasus. 
 
 E-^|p'-tiaii, n. A native or naturalized 
 inhabitant of Egypt. 
 
 Es'-qui-mau or Es'-ki-mo, n. An in- 
 habitant of arctic America and Green- 
 land. 
 
 Eii-ro-pe'-an, n. An inhabitant of 
 Europe. 
 
 6§n'-tIIe, n. The nations at large as 
 distinguished from the Jews. 
 
 Ore'-cian (-shan), n. A native of 
 Greece; a Greek. 
 
 He'-brew (-br^i), ». An Israelite; a 
 Jew. 
 
 Hiu'-do<), n. A native of Hindostan. 
 
 In'-diaii (iud'-yaii), n. One of the 
 aboriginal inhabitants of America. 
 
 I-tal'-ian (-yau), n. A native of Italy. 
 
 Jap-a-nege', n. A native of Japan, or 
 the people of that country. 
 
 Lap'-Iand-er, «. A native of Lapland. 
 
 M6ii-^o'-li-an, n. A native of Mon- 
 golia. 
 
 Nor-we'-gi-aii, n. A native of Norway. 
 
 Por'-tii-guege, n. An inhabitant of 
 Portugal. 
 
 Rtts'-sian (rttsli'-aii or ru'-shau), n. A 
 
 native of Russia. 
 
 Si-be'-ri-aii, n. A native of Siberia. 
 
 LESSON 144. 
 oicxAXioi^ hx:e:rci9K. 
 
 Breathes there a man with soul so dead, 
 Who never to himself hath said, 
 " This is my own, my native land! " 
 Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned. 
 As home his footsteps he hath turned. 
 From wandering on a foreign strand ? 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 79 
 
 If such there breathe, go, mark him well : 
 
 For him no minstrel raptures swell, 
 
 High though his titles, proud his name. 
 
 Boundless his wealth as wish can claim ; 
 
 Despite those titles, power and pelf. 
 
 The wretch concentrated all in self. 
 
 Living, shall forfeit fair renown. 
 
 And, doubly dying, shall go down 
 
 To the vile dust from which he sprung. 
 
 Unwept, unhonored, and unsung. — Walter Scott. 
 
 LESSON 145. 
 
 HOUOPHO^OVS ^WORDS. 
 
 Though the mills of God grind slowly, yet they grind exceeding small ; 
 
 Though with patience he stands waiting, with exactness grinds he all.— Lojigfellow. 
 
 pauge, V. i. To cease for a time. 
 paw§, n. pi. Feet of an animal. 
 
 ped'-al, n. A lever or key acted on by 
 
 the feet ; a treadle. 
 ped'-dle, v. t. To sell from house to 
 
 house. 
 
 plnm, n. 
 pliimb, c 
 
 A small fruit. 
 Perpendicular. 
 
 pole, n. A long, round piece of wood. 
 poll, n. A head ; a place for voting. 
 
 A small opening ; {v. i. ) to 
 
 pore, n. 
 
 study. 
 pour, V. t. 
 
 To send forth. 
 
 pray, v. i. To beseech. 
 prey, n. Booty; plunder. 
 
 prin'-^i-pal, a. Chief. 
 prin'-^i-ple, n. A rule of action ; a 
 fundamental truth. 
 
 prdf '-it, n. Gain ; valuable results. 
 proph'-et, n. A religious teacher; one 
 who foretells events. 
 
 quarts, n. pi. Plural of quart, the 
 
 fourth part of a gallon. 
 quartz, n. A mineral. 
 
 raige, v. t. To lift up. 
 ray§, «. Lines of light. 
 
 LESSON 146. 
 pbrxai:ki:kg to iha^^e^rs. 
 
 What a rare gift is that of manners ! Better for one to possess them than wealth, beauty or 
 talent ; they will more than supply all. — Bulwer Lytton. 
 
 a-bu'-sive, a. Offering harsh words 
 
 and ill treatment. 
 af'-fa-ble, a. Easy of manners or 
 
 conversation. 
 a'-mi-a-ble, a. Worthy of love. 
 ar'-ro-gan^e, n. Proud contempt for 
 
 others. 
 awk'-ward, a. Clumsy ; ungraceful in 
 
 manner. 
 
 be-hay'-ior (-yur), n. Manner of con- 
 ducting one's self. 
 brag'-gart, n. A boastful person. 
 blun' der-er, n. A careless person. 
 
 •ea-pri'-cious (-prish'-iis), a. Whim- 
 sical. 
 
 ■eare'-ful-ness, «. Heedfulness. 
 
 ■eare'-less, a. Heedless. 
 
80 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 €au'-tiou8 (-shils), a. Timorous ; over 
 piudent. 
 
 •edm-pla'-geii-^y, «. Satisfaction. 
 
 •Cdm-p6'-§nre, n. Calmness; tran- 
 quillity. 
 
 €dn-de-S5end', v. i. To relinquish dig- 
 nity of character. 
 
 €dn-f i-deil'-tial,«. Secret ; trustworthy. 
 
 ■edii-ge'-ni-al, a. 
 
 same nature. 
 
 Sympathetic ; of the 
 
 «dn-s<ji-Sn'-tious (-sM-en'-shiis), a. In- 
 fluenced by conscience. 
 
 ■cdn-tempt', n. Disdain. 
 
 ■eor'-dial, a. Sincere ; heartfelt ; warm ; 
 affectionate. 
 
 LESSON 147. 
 
 Pertaining: to Manners. 
 
 Many young persons believe themselves natural when they are only impolite and coarse. 
 Rouchefoucauld. 
 
 «oftr'-te-sy, n. Politeness or manners. 
 
 €dv'-et-oiis, a. Eager to obtain. 
 
 •eow'-ard-i^e, «. Timidity ; fear. 
 
 •erit'-i-C-al, a. Severe in judging; in- 
 clined to find fault. 
 
 •cnjde'-ly, adv. In an immature or 
 hasty manner ; rudely. 
 
 de-«o'-rous or de€'-o-rous, a. Proper. 
 
 de-co'-rum, n. Propriety of manner 
 or conduct. 
 
 def-er-en'-tial (-shal), a. Accustomed 
 to defer. 
 
 de-lib'-er-ate, a. Not sudden or rash. 
 
 des'-ul-to-ry, a. Immethodical ; dis- 
 connectedly. 
 
 dif -ft-dent, ^. Timid; distrustful. 
 di^-ni-ty, n. Manners suited to in- 
 spire respect. 
 
 doiibt'-fill (dout'-),^. Hesitating; un- 
 
 detemiined 
 du'-bi-oiis, a. Unsettled or doubtful. 
 ea'-ger, a. Keenly desirous. 
 ear'-nest, a. Ardent in pursuit of an 
 
 object. 
 e«-^en'-tri«, a. Odd. 
 em-bar'-rass, v. t. To confuse; to 
 
 disconcert. 
 
 er-i-qnette (et'-i-ket), «. Conven- 
 tional decorum. 
 
 fa-mil'-iar (-yar), a. Not formal ; un- 
 ceremonious. 
 
 LESSON 148. 
 Pertaining: to Manners. 
 
 Unbecoming forwardness oftener proceeds from ignorance than impudence. 
 
 f as'-^i-nate, 2/. /. To charm; to cap- 
 tivate. 
 
 fas-tid'-i-oiis, a. Difficult to please. 
 
 fe-ro'-cious, a. Fierce ; savage. 
 
 f I del' i ty, «. Loyalty. 
 
 flfT^e'-ness, «. Fury; violence. 
 
 flip'-paii-<^y, «. Pertness; petulancy. 
 
 f dr'-<ji-ble, a. Possessing force. 
 
 for-maF-i-ty, n. Habitual mode. 
 
 fret'-fyl, a. Peevish ; irritable. 
 
 friv'-o-Iofts, a. Given to trifling. 
 
 lire'-ni-al, a Sympathetically cheer- 
 ful and cheering. 
 
 g:6li-teel', a. Polite ; well-bred. 
 
 gra'-cious (-shfts), a. Merciful ; kind 
 
 to the poor. 
 hgiigh'-ty (haw'-), a. Disdainful. 
 hSs-i-ta'-tioii, «. Doubt. 
 id-i-o-sj^n'-era-sy, n. A characteristic 
 
 of an individual. 
 im-par'-tial, a. Not favoring one more 
 
 than another. 
 Im-pa'-tieiice ( sh^ns), n. Violence of 
 
 temper. 
 im-per'-ti-iieiit, a. Rude in behavior. 
 ini-pot'Ti-ofls, a. Vehement in feeling 
 
 or action. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 81 
 
 LESSON 149. 
 
 Pertaluliis: to Manners. 
 
 Intelligence and courtesy not always are combined ; 
 
 Often in a wooden house a golden room we find. — Longfellow. 
 
 Aii unsuitable act 
 Bold, with contempt 
 Acting suddenly, or 
 
 im-pro-pri'-e-ty, n. 
 
 or expression. 
 
 im'-pu-deut, a. 
 
 for others. 
 
 im-puF-sive, a 
 
 by impulse. 
 
 iieg'-li-gen§e, n. Heedlessness. 
 nery'-ous, a. Easily agitated. 
 of-fi'-ciotts (-fish'-us), a. Meddlesome 
 6p-press'-ive, a. 
 
 justly severe. 
 
 par-ti«'-u lar, a 
 
 cise. 
 pet'-ii-lan-§y, n. 
 
 ish passion. 
 po-lite'-ness, n. 
 
 Overpowering; un- 
 Hard to suit; pre- 
 Peevishness; freak- 
 Elegance of manners. 
 
 pomp'-ouj^, a. Boastful. 
 
 pre-Qip'-i-tate, v. t. To hurry rashly. 
 
 pre-Qi'-§ioii (-sizh'-un), n. The quality 
 of being precise. 
 
 pre-co'-cious (-shus), a. Too forward. 
 
 pre-§ump'-tu-ous, a. Over-confident; 
 going beyond bounds of modesty. 
 
 pre-ten' tious (shus), a. To lay claim 
 to more than one's due. 
 
 Quickly and cheerfully 
 Disposed to 
 
 pr5mpt, a. 
 
 performed. 
 
 pu^-na'-cious (shus), a 
 
 _fight. 
 
 pu-sil-lan'-i-mous, a. Cowardly. 
 quaint'-ness, n. Oddness. 
 
 LESSON 150. 
 
 Pertaining: to Manners. 
 
 " There IS policy in manner. I have heard one not inexperienced in the pursuit of fame, give 
 it his earnest support, as being the surest passport to absolute and brilliant success." 
 
 quer'-u-lous, a. Quarrelsome. 
 
 ques'-tion-a-ble, a. Doubtful ; suspi- 
 cious. 
 
 re-lu-e'-tan-^y, n. Unwillingness. 
 
 ret'-i-^ent, a. Reserved. 
 
 sau'-Qi-ness, n. Impudence. 
 
 s-eru'-pu-lous, a. Careful ; doubtful. 
 
 se-reue'-ly, adv. Calmly. 
 
 sim-pli§'-i-ty, n. Artlessness of mind. 
 
 sm-§er'-i ty, n. Honesty of mind. 
 
 smirk, n. An affected smile. 
 
 ti-mid'-i-ty, n. The state of being 
 timid. 
 
 tran'-quil-ly, adv. In a tranquil man- 
 ner; quietly. 
 
 trep-i-da'-tion, n. Involuntary trem- 
 bling, caused usually by terror or fear. 
 
 triv'-i-al-ly, adv. In a trifling manner. 
 
 un-eouth', a. Awkward; odd. 
 
 ur-ban'-i-ty, «. Politeness; refine- 
 ment. 
 
 van'-i-ty, n. Idle show; pride. 
 
 yi-va'-cious, a. Lively; active. 
 
 whim'-§i-€al, a. Full of whims. 
 
 zeal'-ous, a. Ardent in behalf of an 
 object. 
 
 LESSON 151. 
 PKit.XAiNiBjG TO i^i:kkagk. 
 
 There is certainly something of exquisite kindness and thoughtful benevolence in that rarest 
 of gifts — fine breeding.— Bulwer Lytton. 
 
 A series of ancestors; 
 
 an'-^es-try, n. 
 
 lineage. 
 
 an'-cient (sheut), a. Old. 
 
 an-tiq'-ui-ty (-tik'-wi-), n. Ancient 
 
 times. 
 a-ris'-to-€rat or ar'-is-to-€rat, n. A 
 
 proud or haughty person. 
 
BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 ar-is-t6€'-ra-^y, n. The nobility or 
 
 chief persons in a state. 
 de-8cend'-ant, n. One who descends, 
 
 as offspring. 
 f ore'-f a-tiier, n. An ancestor. 
 gen-e-aF-o-gy, n. A pedigree. 
 gen'- try, n. Rank by birth. 
 lin'-e-age, «. Race; descent. 
 iio-bil'-i-ty, n. Noble birth. 
 par'-ve-nu, n. One newly risen into 
 
 notice. 
 
 pa-tri'-ciau (trlsh'-au), n. One of 
 
 noble birth. 
 
 ped'-i-gree, «. Line of ancestors. 
 
 ple-be'-ian (-yan), «. One of the com 
 mon people. 
 
 pdp'-u-la§e, n. The common people. 
 
 po-si'-tioii, n. Social rank. 
 
 pred-e-^es'-sor, n. One whom an- 
 other comes after. 
 
 roy'-al-ty, rt. The state of being regal 
 or royal. 
 
 yeo'-man, n. A plebeian of the most 
 respectable class. 
 
 LESSON 152. 
 
 OICXATIOK HXHRCISH. 
 
 Who are the nobles of the earth, the true aristocrats 
 
 Who need not bow their heads to lords, nor doff to kings their hats ? 
 
 Who are they but the men of toil, the mighty and the free, 
 
 Whose hearts and hands subdue the earth, and compass all the sea ? 
 
 Who are they but the men of toil, who cleave the forest down, 
 
 And plant, amid the wilderness, the hamlet or the town, — 
 
 Who fight the battles, bear the scars, and give the world its crown 
 
 Of name, and fame, and history, and pomp of old renown ? 
 
 These claim no gaud of heraldry, and scorn the knighting rod ; 
 
 Their coats of arms are noble deeds, their peerage is from God ! 
 
 They take not from ancestral graves the glory of their name, 
 
 But win, as once their fathers won, the laurel wreath of fame. — Stewart. 
 
 LESSON 153. 
 miscHi^i^ABiHous. 
 
 A man should never be ashamed to own he has been in the wrong, which is but saying in 
 other words that he is wiser today than yesterday. — Pope. 
 
 re-lief ', n. The removal of anything 
 oppressive or burdensome. 
 
 re-lin'-qulsh, v. t. To withdraw from. 
 
 re-ly', v. i. To depend upon. 
 
 re-me'-dl-a-ble, a. Capable of being 
 remedied or cured. 
 
 rSii'-dez-vQus (-de-v<F?», n. A place 
 appointed for meeting. 
 
 r6ad'-i-ly, adv. Without delay or ob- 
 jection. 
 
 re-^ep'-ta-ele, n. A receiver or holder. 
 
 re-€Oir, V. i. To take a reverse motion. 
 
 r6«-on-<jn-l-a'-tion, n. Renewal of 
 friendship. 
 
 re-du'-^i-ble, a. That can be reduced. 
 
 re'-gi6ii, n. Vicinity. 
 
 re-lapse', v. i. To fall back ; to return. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 re-new'-al (-nu'-), n. The act of com- 
 mencing again. 
 
 re-pair% v. t. To restore to a sound 
 or good state. 
 
 rep'-a-ra-ble, a. That can be repaired. 
 
 re-pu'-di-ate, v. i. To have nothing 
 to do with. 
 
 req'-ui-§ite (-wi-)> «• 
 
 dispensable. 
 re-tal'-i-ate, ^. t. 
 
 like. 
 re-ver'-l)er-ate, t/. 
 rouge (roozh), n. 
 
 give a red color. 
 
 Something in- 
 To return like for 
 
 /. To resound. 
 A cosmetic used to 
 
 LESSON 154. 
 i»krtai:ni]sg to tkmper abjo oisposixio^. 
 
 In ourselves the sunshine dwells ; 
 
 From ourselves the music swells ; 
 
 By ourselves our life is fed 
 
 With sweet or bitter daily bread.— Goldsmith. 
 
 a-gree'-a-ble, a. Pleasing. 
 
 change'-a-ble, a. Fickle ; inconstant. 
 
 €6ii-tent'-ment, n. Satisfaction ; with- 
 out disquiet. 
 
 dis-po-gi'-tion, n. Acquired aptitude 
 of temper or character ; disposal. 
 
 do^'-ile, a. Easily managed or taught. 
 
 en-dur'-an^e, n. Patience ; a bearing 
 or suffering. 
 
 ex-as'-per-ate, v. /. To enrage; to 
 provoke. 
 
 fren'-zy, n. Madness ; rage. 
 
 in-dig'-naiit, a. Feeling wrath. 
 
 in-f ii'-ri-ate, v. t. To enrage. 
 
 jeal'-ous-y, n. Uneasiness from fear 
 of rivalry. 
 
 6p'-ti-mist, n. One who thinks every- 
 thing happens for the best. 
 
 pas'-sion-ate, a. Easily moved to 
 anger. 
 
 pes'-si-mist, n. One who thinks every- 
 thing is for the worst. 
 
 pla^'-id, a. Serene ; tranquil. 
 
 san'-guine, a. Full of hope. 
 
 siis-pF-cious (-pish'-us), a. Apt to 
 
 believe without proof. 
 
 um'-brage, n. Offense. 
 world'-li-ness (wurld'-), n. Being fond 
 
 of temporal enjoyments. 
 wrath, n. Violent anger. 
 
 LESSON 155. 
 
 OBBifOTIUJG HATK.BI>. 
 
 If you hate your enemies, you will contract such a vicious habit of mind as by degrees will 
 break out upon those who are your friends, or those who are indifferent to yo\i.— Plutarch. 
 
 ab-h6r'-reii§e, n. Extreme hatred. ma-lev'- olenQe, n. Evil disposition 
 
 a-bom'-i-nate, v. t. To hate in the 
 
 highest degree. 
 aii-i-m6s'-i ty, n. Violent hatred. 
 an-tip'-a-thy, n. Disgust ; repugnance. 
 a-ver'-sion, n. Dislike. 
 des'-pi-ea-ble, a. Worthless; to be 
 
 despised. 
 eu'-ml-ty, n. Hatred; ill-will. 
 ha'-tred, n. Very great dislike. 
 in'-fa-mous, a. Detestable. 
 loatii'-s6me, a. Exciting disgust or 
 
 hatred. 
 
 ma-lev'- olenQe, i 
 
 toward another. 
 ma-li'-cioiis (-lish'-us), a. Proceeding 
 
 from hatred or ill-will. 
 ob-nox'-ious, a. Odious; hateful. 
 o'-di-oiis, a. Deserving hatred. 
 ran'-cor, n. Inveterate hatred. 
 re-ptig'-nan^e, n. Aversion; dislike. 
 
 re-venge'-ful, a. 
 ve'-he-ment, a. 
 venge'-au^e, n. 
 ven'-om-ous, a. 
 
 Vindictive. 
 Furious. 
 Retribution. 
 
 Malignant; spiteful. 
 
84 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 156. 
 
 Life appears to me too short to be spent in nursing animosity or registering 
 wrongs. We are, and must be, one and all, burdened with faults in this world, 
 but the time will come when, I trust, we shall put them off in putting off our cor- 
 ruptible bodies ; when debasement and sin will fall from us with this cumbrous 
 frame of flesh. It is a creed in which I delight, to which I cling. It makes eternity 
 a rest, a home — not a terror and an abyss. With this creed, revenge never wor- 
 ries my heart, degradation never too deeply disgusts me, injustice never crushes 
 me too low; I live in calm, looking to the end. — Charlotte Bronti. 
 
 LESSON 157. 
 pkRXAi:ki:ng xo i:ntk]»ii»Bicancb. 
 
 " I dare not drink for my own sake ; 
 I ought not to drink for my neighbor's sake." 
 
 ab'-sti-nenge, n. Voluntary refraining 
 from indulging the appetite, as for 
 strong drink. 
 
 al'-€0-hol, n. Pure or highly rectified 
 spirits. 
 
 dis-till'-er-y, «. A building and works 
 where distilling is carried on. 
 
 driink'-ard, n. One who habitually 
 drinks to excess. 
 
 lia-bit'-u-al, a. Acquired by habit. 
 
 in-e'-bri-ate, n. An habitual drunkard. 
 
 iu-tem'-per-aii§e, n. Habitual in- 
 dulgence in drinking spirituous 
 liquors. 
 
 Iiq'-u6r (lik'-ur), n. Any alcoholic 
 fluid, either distilled or fermented. 
 
 m6d-er-a'-tioii, n. Freedom from 
 excess. 
 
 ref-or-ma'-tioii, n. Change from 
 
 worse to better. 
 re-mou'-stran^e, n. Act of urging 
 
 against 
 re§-o-Iu'-tion, n Firmness in opinion, 
 
 act or thought. 
 re'-tro-grade or ret'-ro-grade, v. /. 
 
 Declining from better to worse. 
 sa-lo^ii', n. A place where liquors are 
 
 sold in small quantities. 
 so-bri'-e-ty, n. Habitual soberness. 
 tee-to'-tal-er, n. One pledged to en- 
 tire abstinence from intoxicating 
 
 drinks. 
 tem'-per-an^e, «. Moderation. 
 tSm'-per-ate, a. Not excessive. 
 tempt, V. t. To try to persuade. 
 whis'-key or whls'-ky, n. A spirit 
 
 distilled from grain. 
 
 LESSON 158. 
 
 How far that little candle throws its beams ! 
 
 So shines a good deed in a naughty world. — Shakespeare 
 
 Kind. 
 
 a-e-edm'-mo-date,' v. t. To supply with 
 
 something desired. 
 as-slst'-ance, «. Help: aid. 
 be-n8v'-o-leii<je, «. Disposition to do 
 
 good. 
 
 be-nig'-iiant, a. 
 boun'-te-oiis, a. Disposed to give freely. 
 char'-i-ty, «• Liberality to the poor. 
 €6ii-<;erii', n. Solicitude ; interest in 
 or care for any person or thing. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 85 
 
 ■eon-doMen^e, n. Expression of sym- 
 pathy for another. 
 
 «6ii-grat'-u-Iate, v. t. Expressing 
 sympathetic joy. 
 
 ■cdn-sid'-er-ate, a. . Careful of the 
 rights and feelings of others. 
 
 €Oii-soIe', V. t. To comfort ; to soothe. 
 
 gen'-er-oiis, a.. Free to give. 
 
 gra-tu'-i-ty, «• Something given freely. 
 
 Iiu-mane% a. Kind ; benevolent. 
 lib'-er-al, a. Generous ; open-hearted. 
 mag-nan'-i-mous, a. Not selfish. 
 mer'-gi-fnl, a. Tender ; not cruel. 
 phi-lan'-thro-py, n. Universal good 
 
 will. 
 sa€'-ri-f ice (-f iz), v. t. To devote or 
 
 give up with loss or suffering. 
 sym'-pa-thy, n. Fellow feeling. 
 
 LESSON 159. 
 
 DICXAXIOBJ KXKRCISH. 
 
 My heart was heavy, for its trust had been 
 
 Abused, its kindness answered with foul wrong ; 
 So, turning gloomily from my fellow men, 
 
 One summer Sabbath-day I strolled among 
 The green mounds of the village burial place, 
 
 Where, pondering how all human love and hate 
 
 Find one sad level, and how, soon or late, 
 Wronged and wrong-doer, each with meekened face. 
 
 And cold hands folded over a still heart. 
 Pass the green threshold of our common grave. 
 
 Whither all footsteps tend, whence none depart — 
 Awed for myself, and pitying my race. 
 
 One common sorrow like a mighty wave 
 
 Swept all my pride away, and trembling, I forgave. — Whittier. 
 
 LESSON 160. 
 
 HOSIOPHOI^OUB liVORDS. 
 
 On this side, and on that, men see their friends 
 Drop off, like leaves in autumn ; yet launch out 
 Into fantastic schemes, which the long-livers 
 In the world's hale and undegenerate days 
 Could scarce have leisure for. — Blair. 
 
 rain, n. Water falling in drops from 
 
 the atmosphere. 
 reign, v. i. To rule. 
 rein, n. A check. 
 
 reed, n. A hollow stalk. 
 read, v. t. To peruse. 
 
 rest, n. Freedom from everything 
 
 which, wearies. 
 wrest, v. t. To take from by force. 
 
 rl^e, n. A kind of grain grown in 
 warm climates, and used for food. 
 
 rise (ris), n. An ascent 
 rises or seems to rise. 
 
 that which 
 
 right, a. Just ; not wrong ; true. 
 rite, n. A ceremony. 
 Wright, n. An artisan. 
 write, V. t. To express ideas by let- 
 ters or characters. 
 
 road, n. A public highway. 
 rode, V. i. Past of ride. 
 rowed, v. t. Past of row. 
 
 role, n. A part played. 
 
 roll, n. A list. v. To revolve. 
 
 rye, n. Grain used for food. 
 wry, a. Distorted. 
 
86 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 161, 
 
 COI^JVKR-SAXION. 
 
 As it is a characteristic of great wits to say much in few words, so it is of small wits to talk 
 
 much and say nothing.— Rochefoucauld. 
 
 a-dieu', n. A farewell. 
 
 al-lude', V. i. To refer to; to have 
 
 reference. 
 al-lu'-gion, n. A hint. 
 al-ter-ea'-tion, n. Dispute carried on 
 
 with heat or anger. 
 a-pSl'-o-gy, «. An excuse. 
 ar'-gue, v. t. To persuade by reasoning. 
 bad'-i-nage (bad'-in-azh), n. Light 
 
 or playful discourse. 
 ban'-ter, v. t. To joke or jest with. 
 brev'-i-ty, «. Contraction into few 
 
 words; conciseness. 
 ^Sn'-sure, v. t. To find fault with. 
 ■edl'-lo-quy, n. Discourse between two 
 
 or more persons. 
 
 €$m-mune^ v. i. To converse together 
 familiarly. 
 
 •cdm-plaint', n. Fault-finding. 
 
 €6il-§ise', a. Expressing much in few 
 words. 
 
 •edn'-fer-enge, n. A consultation. 
 
 ■edn-ten'-tioii, n. Strife in debate; 
 controversy. 
 
 ■edii-tra-di-ct', v. /. To oppose in words. 
 
 ■edii'-tro-yer-sy, n. Discussion; dis- 
 pute. 
 
 •cdii-ver-sa'-tion, n. Familiar discourse. 
 
 de-bate', v. t. To contend for in words 
 or argument. 
 
 LESSON 162. 
 
 Conversation. 
 
 The first ingredient in conversation is truth, next good sense, third good humor, and the 
 fourth wit.— Sir IV. Temple. 
 
 de€-la-ra'-tioii, n. Formal expression ; 
 public announcement. 
 
 de-ni'-al, n. A contradiction. 
 
 de-nouiKje', .z/. /. To inform against. 
 
 di'-a-ldgue, n. A conversation between 
 two or more persons. 
 
 dis-ctls'-sion, n. Examination by ar- 
 gument. 
 
 dls-pute% n. Verbal controversy. 
 
 ex-ag'-ger-ate, v. t. To enlarge be- 
 yond bounds. 
 
 Sx-pllQ'-it, a. Plain in language. 
 
 Sx-pfts'-tu-late, v. i. To remonstrate. 
 
 gab'-ble, v. /. To talk without mean- 
 ing. 
 
 Very talkative. 
 /. To hint ; to intro- 
 
 gar'-r^-loiis, a. 
 In-sln'-n-ate, v 
 
 duce artfully. 
 
 lan'-guage, n. Human speech. 
 
 lin'-guist, n. A master of language. 
 
 lo-qua'-ciofls (-shiis), a. Talkative. 
 
 mftr'-mur, v. i. To utter sullen discon- 
 tent ; to make a low, continued noise. 
 
 uar-ra'-tion, n. Telling the particu- 
 lars of an event. 
 
 pre-var'-i-€ate, v. i. To evade telling 
 the truth. 
 
 pshgw (shftw),/"«/<?r;*. An exclamation 
 to denote disdain. 
 
 rail'-ler-y, n. Jesting language. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 87 
 
 LESSON 163. 
 Conversation. 
 
 " It is not only difficult to say the right thing in the right place, but, far more difficult still, 
 to leave unsaid the wrong thing at the tempting moment." 
 
 re-€a-pit'-u-late, v. t. To relate in 
 
 brief. 
 re-^it'-al, n. A narration ; that which 
 
 is recited. 
 
 re-count', v. t. To tell the particulars 
 of. 
 
 re-late', v. t. To tell over. 
 
 rep-ar-tee', «. A smart and witty- 
 reply. 
 
 rep-e-ti'-tion, n. Doing or uttering a 
 second time. 
 
 rji'-mor, n. A current story passing 
 from one person to another without 
 any authority for it. 
 
 sal-u-ta'-tiou, n. Greeting. 
 
 sar'-€a§m, n. A taunt; a cutting jest. 
 
 sa-tir'-ic-al-ly, adv. 
 
 remark. 
 
 With severity of 
 
 To cry out with a shrill 
 To utter sharply and 
 
 S€ream, v. z. 
 
 voice. 
 shriek, v. i. 
 
 shrilly. 
 smooth'-ness, n. Easy flow of words; 
 
 {a.) evenness of surface. 
 SO-lil'-O-qiiy, n. A talking to one's self. 
 sut-ges'-tion (-yun), n. A hint; an 
 
 intimation. 
 ut'-ter-ange, n. Vocal expression. 
 yague'-ly, adv. Unfixedly ; in a vague 
 
 manner. 
 ver'-bal, a. Expressed in words. 
 wit'-ti-^i§m, n. A witty sentence or 
 
 phrase. 
 wel'-eome, v. t. To salute with kind- 
 ness. 
 
 LESSON 164. 
 
 DICTATIO:^ E^XBRCISH. 
 
 Never shall thy spoken word be again unsaid, unheard ; 
 
 Well their work thy lips have wrought, joy or grief or evil thought ; 
 
 Though it pierce a poisoned spear through the soul thou boldest dear. 
 
 Though it quiver, fierce and deep, through some stainless spirit's sleep. 
 
 Once for all the rune is read, once for all the judgment said ; 
 
 Offer life and soul and all that one sentence to recall, 
 
 Rue it all thy lingering days, hide it deep with love and praise, 
 
 All thy travail is in vain, spoken words come not again. — Christian Union. 
 
 LESSON 165. 
 
 Fasten your souls so high, that constantly 
 
 The smile of your heroic cheer may float 
 
 Above all floods of earthly agonies, 
 
 Purification being the joy of pain.— £•. B. Browning 
 
 Free from hurt, injury or 
 
 safe'-ty, n. 
 
 loss. 
 sa-lu'-bri-otis, a. Healthful. 
 8«odrge (skdrj), v. t. To whip severely. 
 
 s-er^i'-ti-nize, v. t. To search closely. 
 search'-a-ble, a. That can be searched. 
 se-e'-ond-a-ry, a. Subordinate. 
 se'-ere-§y, n. Privacy. 
 
88 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 sed'-i-ment, n. Settlings. 
 
 ses'-sioii, n. The actual assembly of 
 
 members of any body. 
 shield, V. t. To protect. 
 si^-nif -i-«aiit, a. Standing as a sign 
 
 or token. 
 sl'-len^e, n. Absolute stillness. 
 sin'-§rii-lar, a. Odd ; being alone. 
 si'-phoii, n. A bent tube or pipe. 
 
 sit-ii-a'-tion, n. Position. 
 slip'-per-y, a. Smooth ; unstable. 
 slough (slou), n. A hole full of mire. 
 
 so-bri-quet' (so-bre-ka'), «• A nick- 
 name. 
 
 sdl'-u-ble, a. That can be dissolved. 
 
 sou-ve-nir', n. That which serves as 
 a reminder ; a keepsake. 
 
 LESSON 166. 
 '^VORDS i>h:noxi^g PRAISK. 
 
 His words are bonds, his oaths are oracles ; 
 His love sincere, his thoughts immaculate, 
 His tears pure messengers sent from the heart ; 
 His heart as far from fraud as heaven from earth. 
 
 Worthy of admira- 
 To regard with love or 
 
 ad'-mi-ra-ble, a. 
 
 tion. 
 
 ad-mire', v. t. 
 esteem. 
 
 a-dor'-a-ble, a. Worthy of adoration. 
 
 beau'-ti-ful, a. Having the qualities 
 which constitute beauty. 
 
 bril'-liant (bril'-yant), a. Distin- 
 guished by qualities which excite 
 admiration. 
 
 •com-men-da'-tion, n. Praise. 
 
 •edm'-pa-ra-ble, a. Worthy of com- 
 parison. 
 
 €dm'-pli-meiit, n. Delicate flattery; 
 praise. 
 
 ■cred'-it-a-bly, adv. With credit; with- 
 out disgrace. 
 
 — Sh a k espea re. 
 Worthy of desire, or 
 
 de-§ir'-a-ble, a. 
 
 longing. 
 
 e'-go-tist, n. One who speaks much of 
 himself, or magnifies his own achieve- 
 ments. 
 
 e-lab'-o-rate, a. Finished with great 
 care. 
 
 em'-i-iieu^e, n. 
 tion. 
 
 en-€6'-mi-um, n 
 
 es'-ti-ma-ble, a. 
 
 eu'-lo-gize, v. t. 
 
 ex' <jel-leiit, a. 
 
 Exaltation ; distinc- 
 
 Formal praise. 
 Worthy of regard. 
 To praise. 
 Very good. 
 
 Sjt'-em-pla-ry, a. Serving as a pat- 
 
 ern; commendable. 
 ex' qui'Site, a. Exceedingly nice. 
 ex-tdl', V. t. To eulogize. 
 
 LESSON 167. 
 '^Tords Denoting: Praise. 
 
 lyarge was his bounty, and his soul sincere. 
 
 Heaven did a recompense as largely send ; 
 He gave to Misery all he had — a tear ; 
 
 He gaiTied from Heaven ('twas all he wished)— a friend.— Grey. 
 
 fa'-moiis, a. Renowned. 
 fgult'-less, a. Perfect. 
 fa'-vor-lte, a. Especial esteem or 
 preference. 
 
 flat'-ter-y, n. False praise. 
 ^Sn'-u-ine, a. Real ; natural. 
 ^or'-^eoiis (-jils), a. Magnificent. 
 graii'-deur« n. Splendor of appearance. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 89 
 
 hdn'-or-a-ble (6n'-ur-), a. Worthy of 
 
 being esteemed. 
 il-lfis'-tri-ous, a. Renowned ; brilliant. 
 im-ma-e'-u-late, a. Without blemish. 
 iii-«6m'-pa-ra-ble, a. Without equal. 
 laud, , V. t. To praise. 
 lu'-mi-noiis, a. Shining. 
 Ills'- tre or lus'-ter, n. Splendor; 
 
 brightness. 
 
 mag-nif -i-^ent, a. On a grand scale ; 
 splendid. 
 
 ma-jes'-ti-e, a. Of august dignity, state- 
 liness or imposing grandeur ; splendid. 
 
 mar'-tyr, n. One who makes a great 
 sacrifice for the sake of principle. 
 
 mer-i to'-ri-ous, a. Worthy of honor. 
 
 il6t'-a-ble, a. Worthy of notice ; re- 
 markable. 
 
 par'-a-gon, n. A model of excellence. 
 
 LESSON 168. 
 
 "IVords Denoting I»raise. 
 
 He was the soul of goodness, 
 And all our praises of him are like streams 
 Drawn from a spring, that still rise full, and leave 
 The part remaining, ^r^dX&sX.. — Shakespeare. 
 
 sub-stan'-tlal, a. True; solid. 
 
 sn-perb% a. Grand; elegant. 
 
 sii-pe-ri-6r'-i-ty, n. More excellent 
 than any other. 
 
 trail-s§eild'-eilt, a. Very excellent. 
 
 trnst'-wor-tli^ (-wfir-), a- Worthy of 
 confidence; trusty. 
 
 ven'-er-a-ble, a. Worthy of reverence. 
 
 ve-ra'-cioiis, a. Truthful. 
 
 vig'-i-lant, a. Watchful ; circumspect. 
 
 vir'-tu-oiis, a. Blameless; good. 
 
 won'-drous, a. Admirable; astonish- 
 ing, 
 
 wor'-thy (wur-), a. Possessing merit. 
 
 per-fec'-tion, «. The state of being 
 perfect. 
 
 praige, n. Approval of merit. 
 
 pre'-cioiis (presh'-us), a. Of great 
 value. 
 
 pu'-ri-ty, n. Innocence; cleanness. 
 
 quiu-tes'-senge, n. Pure or concen- 
 trated essence. 
 
 ra'-di-ant, a. Beaming with brightness. 
 
 re-mark'-a-ble, a. Uncommon; no- 
 ticeable. 
 
 ster'-ling, a. Genuine ; of excellent 
 quality. 
 
 sub-lim'-i-ty, n. The state of being 
 sublime; eminence. 
 
 LESSON 169. 
 
 UICXAXIOBJ HXKRCISH. 
 
 True to the promise of thy far-off youth, 
 
 When all who loved thee, for thee prophesied 
 A grand, full life, devoted to the truth, 
 
 A noble cause by suffering sanctified. 
 True to all beauties of the poet thought 
 
 Which made thy youth so eloquent and sweet; 
 True to all duties which thy manhood brought 
 
 To take the room of fancies light and fleet ; 
 True to the steadfast walk and narrow way, 
 
 Which thy forefathers of the covenant trod ! 
 True to thy friend in foul or sunny day. 
 
 True to thy home, thy country and thy God! — All the Year Round, 
 
90 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 ro?>d, n. 
 
 The fourth of an acre. 
 
 
 Hide, a. 
 
 Uncivil. 
 
 
 sail, V. i 
 
 To move on the water 
 
 by 
 
 means 
 
 of sails. 
 
 
 sale, n. 
 
 The transfer of property 
 
 for 
 
 money 
 
 
 
 seam, n. 
 
 Two edges joined. 
 
 
 seem, v. 
 
 /. To appear. 
 
 
 sea, ^. A large body of water, 
 see, V. t. To perceive. 
 
 serf, n. 
 surf, n. 
 
 breaks 
 
 LESSON 170. 
 
 HOMOPHOKOUS liVORDS. 
 
 Better trust all and be deceived, 
 
 And weep that trust and that deceiving, 
 Than doubt one heart that, if believed, 
 
 Had blessed one's life w^ith true \>^\\^\'\n%.— Frances A. Kemble. 
 
 serge, n. A coarse cloth. 
 surge, V. i. To rise high and roll, as 
 waves. 
 
 sew (so), V. t. To fasten together with 
 
 needle and thread, 
 sow, V. t. To scatter. 
 
 sighg, n. Heavy breathing. 
 size, n. Bulk; magnitude. 
 
 skull, n. The part of the head which 
 
 encloses the brain. 
 s-enll, n. A small, narrow boat. 
 
 sole, n. The bottom of the foot; (a.) 
 
 only. 
 soul, n. The spiritual part of man. 
 
 A slave. 
 
 The swell of the sea which 
 
 upon the shore. 
 
 LESSON 171. 
 pbrxaib(i:ng to rki^igio^. 
 
 Religion is the best arnioi in the world, but the worst cloak. 
 
 Bunyan. 
 
 ben-e-di-c'-tion, n. The short prayer 
 which closes public worship. 
 
 blas-pheme', v. t. To speak with ir- 
 reverence of God. 
 
 ■ea-the'-dral, n. The head church in 
 a diocese. 
 
 ■Catli'-o-li€, n. An adherent of the 
 Roman Catholic church. 
 
 «hrls'-ten (kris'-n), v, t. To give a 
 name and baptize. 
 
 €lirls'-tiau (krist'-yan), n. One who 
 professes to believe, or is assumed to 
 believe, in the religion of Christ, 
 
 «6m-mii'-iii-«ant, «. A church mem- 
 ber. 
 
 «d!i-gre-ga'-tion, «. An assembly of 
 people for the worship of God. 
 
 «5n'-se-crate, v. /. To appropriate to 
 sax:red use. 
 
 ■cre-a'-tion, n. The act of bringing 
 
 into existence. 
 ■Cre-a'-tor, n. The supreme being. 
 «rii-<ji-fix'-ion (fix'-sliiin), «. The 
 
 Savior's death upon the cross. 
 de-c'-a-ldgue, n. The ten command- 
 ments. 
 dSd'-i-€ate, v. t. To set apart and 
 
 consecrate. 
 dSs'-e-erate, v. t. To divert from a 
 
 sacred purpose. 
 d5v-o-tee', «. One wholly given to 
 
 religion. 
 di'-o-^ese, «• The district under a 
 
 bishop's care. 
 d!s-<ji'-ple, n. A follower. 
 ddx-dl'-o-^y, n. A hymn of praise. 
 ethe'-re-al, a. Celestial 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 91 
 
 LESSON 172. 
 
 Pertalningr to ICellglon. 
 
 Never trust anybody not of sound religion, for he that is false to God can never be true to 
 man. — Lord Burleigh. 
 
 e-yan'-gel-ist, «. One authorized to 
 preach, but who has no special charge. 
 
 6en'-e-sis*, n. The first book in the 
 Bible; formation. 
 
 hf-p6c'-ri-sy, n. A feigning to be 
 what one is not ; pretfense. 
 
 im'-pi-ous, a. Not pious ; wanting in- 
 veneration for God and His authority. 
 
 in'-fl-del, «■ One who does not believe 
 in Christ 
 
 miu'-is-ter, n. The pastor of a church. 
 
 mis'-siou-a-ry (mish'-uii-), n. One who 
 is sent to spread religion. 
 
 m6n'-as-ter-y, n. A house of religious 
 retirement for monks. 
 
 or'-tho-dox, a. Sound in the Christian 
 faith. 
 
 prayer (prar), n. An earnest suppli- 
 cation to God. 
 
 Pre§-by-te'-ri-aii« «. One who belongs 
 to a church governed by pres- 
 byters. 
 
 priest, n. One who performs the rites 
 of sacrifice. 
 
 Prot'-es-tant, n. A Christian who 
 protests against the doctrines of the 
 Church of Rome. 
 
 proY-i-den'-tial, a. Proceeding from 
 divine providence. 
 
 psalm'-ist (sam-), n. A writer of 
 sacred songs. 
 
 re-Ii'-gious, a. Pious; godly. 
 
 re-peiit'-an^e, n. Sorrow for what 
 one has done or omitted to do. 
 
 rey'-er-en^e, n. Veneration; a title 
 applied to priests and ministers. 
 
 S-crip'-ture, n. The Bible. 
 
 s6r-emn, a. Serious; sacred. 
 
 LESSON 173. 
 
 The Lord is my shepherd ; I shall not want. He maketh me to lie down in 
 green pastures ; he leadeth me beside the still waters. 
 
 He restoreth my soul ; he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his 
 name's sake. 
 
 Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no 
 evil ; for thou art with me ; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me. 
 
 Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies ; thou 
 anointest my head with oil ; my cup runneth over. 
 
 Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life ; and I 
 will dwell in the house of the Lord forever. — Twenty third Psalm. 
 
92 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 174. 
 
 OHB{OXIBJG MYSXHRY. 
 
 As defect of strength in us makes some weights to be unmovable, so likewise defect of under- 
 standing makes some truths to be mysterious.— Bts/iofi Sherlock. 
 
 ap-pa-rV-tioii, «. A ghost; a preter- 
 natural appearance. 
 
 en-chant'-er, n. One who deals in 
 spells or sorcery. 
 
 ex-traor'-di-na-ry, a. Uncommon ; 
 wonderful. 
 
 ghost, «. An apparition ; the spirit. 
 
 gdb'-lin, «. An evil spirit. 
 
 in-ex'-pli-€a-ble, a. Cannot be ac- 
 counted for. 
 
 le^-er-de-maiii', n. Sleight of hand. 
 
 ma-gi'-cian, n. One skilled in magic. 
 
 mar'-vel-ous, a. Wonderful; aston- 
 ishing. 
 
 mir'-a-cle, «. A wonder, or wonder- 
 ful thing. 
 
 Performed super- 
 Impossible to un- 
 
 mi-ra€'-u-loiis, a. 
 
 naturally. 
 
 mys-te'-ri-ous, a. 
 derstand. 
 
 m|s'-ti€-al, a. Governed by mysteri- 
 ous laws. 
 
 m^s'-ti-f y, ^. /. To involve a mystery 
 so as to mislead. 
 
 6m'-i-noiis, a. Containing an omen. 
 
 phe-n6m'-e-ndn, n. An appearance 
 whose cause is not immediately ob- 
 vious, 
 
 prdph'-e-^j?, n. A prediction. 
 
 pr5ph'-e-sy, 7/. /. To predict. 
 
 sii-per-iiat'-u-ral, a. Miraculous. 
 
 su-per-sti'-tioii, n. Fear of that which 
 is unknown or mysterious. 
 
 LESSON 175. 
 
 9IISCHl.I.A]!>«HOUS. 
 
 Show me the man you honor ; I know by that symptom better than by any other what kind 
 of a man you are yourself ; for you show me what your ideal of manhood is, what "kind of a man 
 you long to be. — Carlyle. 
 
 squirm, ?/'. t. To move with writhing 
 
 or contortions. 
 sta-bil'-i-ty, n. Firmness; steadiness. 
 stag'-ger, v. t. To cause to doubt and 
 
 waver; to. shock. 
 stain'-Iess, a. Free from reproach or 
 
 guilt ; free from any stain. 
 stani-pede', n. A sudden flight in 
 
 consequence of a panic. 
 stauch, V. t. To stop the flowing of; 
 
 to extinguish. 
 star'-tle, v. i. To excite by sudden 
 
 surprise ; to frighten ; to surprise ; to 
 
 alarm. 
 stead'-i-iiess, n. Steadfastness; con- 
 stancy. 
 st€alth'-y, ti. Secret; done by stealth. 
 strength, n. Force ; power. 
 
 s5p-0-rif' -i€, a. Causing sleep. 
 
 spe'-cial, a. Different from others. 
 
 spe^'-i-fy, V. t. To name as a particu- 
 lar thing. 
 
 sp§§'-i-meii, n. A sample. 
 
 spig'-ot, n. A pin or peg used to stop 
 a faucet. 
 
 spliii'-ter, n. A thin piece of wood, or 
 other solid substance, rent from the 
 main body. 
 
 sp6nge, «. A porous substance capable 
 of imbibing a great quantity of water, 
 found in Southern waters. 
 
 spon-ta'-iie-oiis, a. Voluntary ; will- 
 ing; proceeding from internal energy. 
 
 spO'-ri-ofis, a. Not genuine. 
 
 squeal, i'. ^ 1*o cry with a sharj), 
 shrill, prolonged sound. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 98 
 
 LESSON 176. 
 
 I»KIl.TAII»JII«G XO OEAXH. 
 
 When Death, the great reconciler, comes, it is not of our kindness we repent, but our 
 severity.— Cifo^^-? Eliot. 
 
 bnr'-i-al (ber'-ri-al), n. Funeral so- 
 lemnity. 
 
 ^em'-e-ter-y, n. Burial place. 
 
 €6f '-f in, n. The case in which a dead 
 body is buried. 
 
 ■eorpse, n. The dead body of a human 
 being. 
 
 €or-rupt'-i-ble, n. That which may 
 decay or perish ; the human body. 
 
 •ere-ma'-tion, n. The burning of the 
 dead. 
 
 dirge, n. A funeral hymn. 
 
 ep'-i-tapli (-taf ), n. Inscription on a 
 monument. 
 
 f n'-ner-al, n. The ceremony of bury- 
 ing a dead human body. 
 
 im-mor'-tal, a. Not mortal; lasting 
 ■ forever. 
 
 me-mo'-ri-al, n. Anything intended 
 to preserve the memory of a person. 
 
 morgue (mjorg), n. A place where the 
 bodies of persons found dead are ex- 
 posed that they may be claimed by 
 their friends. 
 
 mdr-tal'-l-ty, n. Subjection to death. 
 
 o-bit'-u-a-ry, n. Notice of the death 
 of a person. 
 
 6b'-se-quie§, n. pi. Funeral solemni- 
 ties. 
 
 per-di'-tion, n. Future misery or eter- 
 nal death. 
 
 pur'-ga-to-ry, n. A place where, it is 
 said, after death, one may expiate 
 such offenses committed in this life 
 as do not merit eternal damnation. 
 
 ser'-aph, n. An angel of the highest 
 order. 
 
 spir'-it-u-al, a. Not material ; consist- 
 ing of spirit. 
 
 un-der-tak'-er, n. One who takes 
 charge of funerals. 
 
 LESSON 177. 
 
 DICTAXIOI»i KXHRCISH. 
 
 So live, that when thy summons comes to join 
 The innumerable caravan, that moves 
 To that mysterious realm, where each shall take 
 His chamber in the silent halls of death, 
 Thou go not, like the quarry-slave at night, 
 Scourged to his dungeon, but, sustained and soothed 
 By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave, 
 Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch 
 About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. 
 
 — Wm. Cullen BryanU 
 
94 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 178. 
 
 SORROl^. 
 
 Hearts, like apples, are hard and sour, 
 Till crushed by Pain's resistless power ; 
 And yield their juices rich and bland 
 To none but Sorrow's heavy hand.— Holland. 
 
 af-fli-c'-tion, n. A state of pain, dis- 
 tress, or grief. 
 
 an'-gnish, «. Extreme pain. 
 
 dep'-re-eate, v. t. To regret deeply. 
 
 des'-o-late, a. Afflicted ; left alone. 
 
 des'-per-ate, a. Beyond hope. 
 
 de-sp6nd'-ent, a. Marked by despair. 
 
 des'-ti-tute, a. Without friends or 
 comforts. 
 
 dis-ap-point'-ment, n. Defeat of hopes 
 or expectations. 
 
 di§-as'-trous, a. Unfortunate. 
 
 dis-eou'-so-late, a. Without com- 
 fort. 
 
 Sorrowful ; full of 
 
 Cause of complaint or 
 Abasement of 
 
 ddl'-or-ous, c 
 
 grief. 
 griev'-ange, n 
 
 grief. 
 hu-mil-i-a'-tion, n 
 
 pride; mortification. 
 in-fe-lig'-i-ty, n. Misery ; unhappiness. 
 mer-an-€hdl-y, n. Gloomy state of 
 
 mind. 
 
 mis'-er-a-ble, n. Very unhappy. 
 
 m6r-ti-fl-«a'-tion, n. Humiliation or 
 chagrin. 
 
 monru'-f^l, a. Full of sorrow. 
 
 6b-s€u'-ri-ty, n. Darkness ; gloom. 
 
 pit'-e-oiis, a. Mournful ; miserable. 
 
 LESSON 179. 
 
 COMM^KXIO^. 
 
 lyet me not leave my space of ground untilled ; 
 Call me not hence with mission unfulfilled. 
 lyCt me not die before I've done for Thee 
 My earthly work, whatever that may be." 
 
 a-b51'-ish, v. t. To put an end to. 
 
 a€-€dm'-plish, v. t. To complete. 
 
 a-cliieve', v. t. To accomplish. 
 
 «6m-ple'-tion, n. Act of finishing. 
 
 «6ii-€lu'-sive, a. Decisive. 
 
 «5ii'-sum-mate or €5ii-sfim'-mate, v. t. 
 To bring to completion. 
 
 €ur-mi-nate, v. i. To reach the high- 
 est point. 
 
 de-m51'-ish, v. t. To destroy. 
 
 e-ven'-tu-al, a. Final; terminating. 
 
 Sx-haust', V. t. To consume entirely. 
 
 ex-pi-ra'-tion, n. Termination. 
 
 ex-ter'-ml-uate, v. t. To destroy ut- 
 terly. 
 
 ex-tin-ct', a. Ended; having ceased. 
 ex'-tir-pate or ex-tir'-pate, v. t. To 
 
 root out. 
 fi-iia'-l§ (fe-uft'-la), n. The last note 
 
 or end of a piece of music; close; 
 
 termination. 
 fru-i'-tioii, n. 
 
 possession. 
 fvl-f ill', V. t. 
 qui-e'-tiis, n. 
 
 a final discharge. 
 ter-mt-iia'-tion, n. Conclusion. 
 fil'-ti-mate, a. Final; the last 
 
 suit. 
 
 Pleasure derived from 
 
 To bring to pass. 
 That which silences; 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 95 
 
 LESSON 180. 
 
 HOMOI»HOISOVTS liVORDS. 
 
 He liveth long who liveth well ! 
 
 All else is life but flung away ; 
 He liveth longest who can tell 
 
 Of true things only done each day.— H. Bonar. 
 
 shoe,, n. A covering for the foot. 
 shoo, V. t. To drive away. 
 
 shoue or shdue, v. i. Did shine. 
 shown, V. t. Having caused to see. 
 
 shoot, V. t. To cause to be driven by- 
 force. 
 
 cbyte, n. A frame- work for sliding 
 articles from a higher to a lower level. 
 
 sleight, n. Trick ; artifice. 
 
 slight, a. Slender; {v. t.) neglect. 
 
 some, n. A portion of. 
 
 sum, n. A problem to be solved. 
 
 sou, n. A male child. 
 
 sun, n. The source of light. 
 
 sore, a. Painful ; bruised. 
 soar, V. i. To fly aloft. 
 
 stare, v. i. To look with fixed eyes. 
 stair, n. A series of steps for ascent 
 or descent. 
 
 steel, n. Refined iron. 
 steal, V. t. To take without right or 
 leave. 
 
 su«k'-er, n. 
 su€'-€or, n. 
 
 A kind of fish. 
 Help; assistance. 
 
 LESSON 181. 
 
 IVOROS DEI^OXII^G JOY. 
 
 I sing as sings the bird on yonder branches swinging ; 
 
 It is not that the song be heard, but for the joy of singing. 
 
 And yet if there chance by, or hap to linger nigh, 
 
 One who listens to my lay and goes bravely forth to meet the day, 
 
 With a heart less troubled, the joy of song is doubled.— Century. 
 
 a-C-elaim', n. A joyous shout of ap- 
 plause. 
 
 huoy'-ant, a. Cheerful; vivacious. 
 
 e-e'-sta-sy, n. Enthusiastic delight. 
 
 en-thti'-§i-a§m, n. Ecstasy. 
 
 fe-li^'-i-ty, n. State of being happy. 
 
 grat'-i-fy, v. t. To give pleasure to. 
 
 gratM-tnde, n. Thankfulness. 
 
 liaF-^y-on, a. Peaceful; undisturbed. 
 
 hi-lar'-i-ty, n. Mirth ; gayety. 
 
 jo-c'-und, a. Merry ; lively. 
 
 joy'-oiis, a. Glad ; gay. 
 
 jn'-bi-lant, a. Rejoicing; shouting 
 for joy. 
 
 laugh'-ter (laf-ter), n. Convulsive 
 expression of mirth. 
 
 pea^e'-a-ble, a. Tranquil ; quiet. 
 
 pleag'-ure, n. Agreeable sensations 
 of emotion. 
 
 rap'-ture, n. Extreme joy or pleasure. 
 
 re-joi'-^ing, n. Occasion of joy or 
 gladness. 
 
 sat-is-fa-e'-tion, n. Gratification of 
 desire. 
 
 tri-um'-phant, a. Rejoicing for vic- 
 tory. 
 
 Yi€-to'-ri-ous, a. Winning; triun^ph- 
 ant. 
 
96 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 182. 
 
 PKRXAI^il^G XO HU9IOR. 
 
 " lyive for today ! Tomorrow's light 
 Will bring tomorrow's cares to sight ; 
 Go, sleep like the flowers at night 
 And Heaven will bless thy morn ! " 
 
 ab-sftrd', a. Ridiculous ; irrational. 
 ■€ar'-i-ca-ture, v. t. To ridiculously 
 
 exaggerate. 
 €(fm'-i«-al, a. Exciting mirth; droll. 
 de-ride', v. t. To turn to ridicule. 
 droll, a. Ludicrous from oddity. 
 fa-^e'-tious (shus), a. Given to wit 
 
 and good humor. 
 fr6r-i-e-s6me, a. Full of gayety and 
 
 mirth. 
 gay'-e-ty, n. Merry delight ; state of 
 
 being gay. 
 gri-ma^e', n. A made up face. 
 gro-tesque' (-tesk), a. Ludicrous. 
 hir-mor-ous (or yu'-mur-), a. Exciting 
 
 laughter. 
 
 j5€'-u-lar, a. Given to jesting. 
 
 laugh'-a-ble, a. Fitted to excite 
 laughter. 
 
 I^Y'-i-ty, n. Lightness of temper or 
 conduct. 
 
 lu'-di-€rous, a. Laughable; comical. 
 
 mirtiZ-f^l, a. Full of mirth or merri- 
 ment. 
 
 play'-ful-ness, «. The state of being 
 playful. 
 
 ri-di€'-u-loilS5 a. Laughable. 
 
 sport'-ive, a. Gay ; frolicsome ; play- 
 ful. 
 
 wa^-gish, a. Roguish in sport or 
 good humor. 
 
 LESSON 183. 
 
 PHRXAI^I^G XO XHK XHHAXRE:. 
 
 " This life a theatre we well may call, 
 
 Where every actor must perform with art ; 
 Or laugh it through, and make a farce of all, 
 
 Or learn to bear with grace his tragic part."— /><?»! ihe Greek. 
 
 a-C-tor, n. One who acts or performs. 
 
 am-a-teur', n. Not a professional. 
 
 a-mii§e'-ment, n. Entertainment; rec- 
 reation. 
 
 ftu'-di-eii^e, n. An assembly of hearers. 
 
 bttr-lSsqne', n. A ludicrous represen- 
 tation. 
 
 5ir'-€us, n. An enclosed place for 
 games, or feats of horsemanship. 
 
 ■co-me'-di-an, «. An actor or player 
 in comedy. 
 
 «8m'-e-dy, n. A dramatic composition 
 of a light and amusing character. 
 
 dra'-ma or dra'-ma, n. A composition 
 designed to be represented on the 
 stage by several characters. 
 
 en-^ore' (6ng-kor')j «^^- Once more. 
 
 farcje, n. A low style of comedy. 
 
 min'-strel-sy, n. A collective body oi 
 minstrels ; occupation of minstrels. 
 
 .mn-se'-nm, n. A repository for curiosi- 
 
 ties. 
 
 pan'-to-mlme, 
 
 A theatrical enter- 
 
 tainment given in dumb show. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 97 
 
 par-quet' (-ka or -kgt), n. The body 
 of seats on the floor of a theatre near- 
 est the orchestra. 
 
 per-form'-aii§e, n. An exhibition. 
 
 ta-bleau' (-bio), n. A representation 
 of some scene by persons grouped in 
 the proper manner. 
 
 the'-a-ter, \n. A house for the exhibi- 
 
 the'-a-tre, j tion of dramatic per- 
 formances. 
 
 tra-ge'-di-aii, n. A tragic actor. 
 
 trag'-e-dy, n. A dramatic poem per- 
 formed by illustrious persons, and 
 generally having a fatal issue. 
 
 LESSON 184. 
 
 PHRTAIKIB^G TO KESXIVIXY. 
 
 Pleasures are like poppies spread, 
 
 You seize the flower, its bloom is shed ; 
 
 Or like the snow flakes on the river, 
 
 A moment white, then gone forever. — Burns. 
 
 au-ni-ver'-sa-ry, «. A day on which 
 an event is celebrated annually. 
 
 ban'-qwet (bank'-wet), n. A rich en- 
 tertainment ; a feast. 
 
 bar'-be-cue, n. A large animal roasted 
 whole. 
 
 birth'-day, n. The anniversary of one's 
 birth. 
 
 ■ear'-ni-val, n. A festival of merriment 
 and revelry. 
 
 ^el-ebra'-tion, n. Honor bestowed 
 by public ceremonies. 
 
 ^en-ten'-iii-al, «. The hundredth an- 
 niversary. 
 
 ^er'-e-mo-ny, n. Outward rite. 
 
 €hrist'-mas, n. The festival of the 
 Christian church, observed annually 
 on December 25th, in memory of the 
 birth of Christ. 
 
 ■eor-o-na'-tion, n. The act of crowning 
 a sovereign. 
 
 feS'tiy'-i-ty, n. Gayety; joyfulness. 
 
 liol'-i-day, n. A day set apart in com- 
 memoration of some event. 
 
 il-Iu-mi-na'-tion, n. Festive decora- 
 tions of houses or buildings with 
 lights. 
 
 jol-li-fi-ca'-tion, n. Noisy festivity 
 and merriment. 
 
 ju'-bi-lee, «. A season of great joy. 
 
 6s-ten-ta'-tion, n. Pretentious parade ; 
 unnecessary display or show. 
 
 pag'-eant-ry, n. Pompous "exhibition 
 or display. 
 
 pro-Qes'-sioii, n. 
 ous progress. 
 
 re«-re-a'-tion, n. 
 amusement. 
 
 rev'-el-rf , n. Noisy festivity. 
 
 Regular, ceremoni- 
 Entertainment 
 
 LESSON 185. 
 
 OICXAXION KXHRCISK. 
 
 Ring, joyous chords ! ring out again ! 
 
 A swifter still, and a wilder strain ! 
 
 They are here, the fair face and the careless heart. 
 
 And stars shall wane ere the mirthful part. 
 
BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 But I meet a dimly mournful glance, 
 
 In a sudden turn of the flying dance ; 
 
 I heard the tone of a heavy sigh 
 
 In a pause of the thrilling melody ! 
 
 And it is not well that woe should breathe 
 
 On the bright spring flowers of the festal wreath ! 
 
 Ye that to thought or to g^ief belong, 
 
 Leave, leave the hall of song! — Mrs. Hemans. 
 
 LESSON 186. 
 
 " Get into the habit of looking for the silver lining of the clouds, rather than at the leaden 
 gray in the middle. It will help you over many hard places." 
 
 sub-S€rip'-tion, n. To give consent by 
 writing the name. 
 
 sub-sist'-enge, n. Means of support. 
 
 suf '-fo-€!ate, V. t. To stifle ; to smother. 
 
 suit'-a-ble, a. Proper; becoming. 
 
 sijre (shflr), a. Without doubt; cer- 
 tain. 
 
 sur-vey', v. i. To examine. 
 
 sym'-bol, n. A significant character or 
 letter. 
 
 sj^m-met'-ri-e-al, a. Having parts in 
 due proportion. 
 
 sj^S-tem-at'-i€, a. According to regu- 
 lar method. 
 
 te-na'-ciofis, a. Holding fast. 
 
 tend'-en-gy, n. Drift; direction to- 
 wards an object. 
 
 ten'-sion, n. The act of stretching or 
 straining. 
 
 tep'-id, a. Moderately warm. 
 
 ter-res'-tri-al, a. Earthly. 
 
 ter'-ri-ble, a. Dreadful. 
 
 ter-rif -i-c, a. Causing terror. 
 
 thirst'-y, a. Suffering from thirst. 
 
 th6r'-ough, a. Complete; perfect. 
 
 tough (tuf), «. Strong; able to endure 
 hardship. 
 
 treach'-er-oiis, a. Faithless; false. 
 
 LESSON 187. 
 
 PHRXAIBil^G XO PI^OIIVBRS. 
 
 lyife evermore is fed by death, 
 In earth, and sea, and sky ; 
 
 And that a rose may breathe its breath, 
 Something must die. — Holland. 
 
 a-lj^s'-sum, n. A .plant belonging to 
 the mustard family, bearing small, 
 white, sweet-scented flowers. 
 
 a-nSm'-o-ne, n. Called wind flower, 
 as its leaves are so easily stripped off 
 by the wind. 
 
 ar'-bu-tus, n. A pale pink flower, 
 found early in spring. 
 
 a-za'-le-a, n. A flowering plant. 
 
 bj^n-qufif (b<n>-ka'), n. A nosegay. 
 
 ■ca'-lyx, n. The leaf-like envelope of a 
 
 flower. 
 ■car-na'-tion, «. A species of clove pink. 
 ■ehrys-aii'-the-iiirmi, u. A kind of 
 
 flower, of many species. 
 €l§m'-a-tis, n. A climbing plant, with 
 
 flower. 
 ^y'-press, n. A flowering vine. 
 daf'-fo-dil, n. A plant with a yellow 
 
 flower. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 99 
 
 dah'-lia (dal'-ya or 6M'-jh),n. A large 
 
 and beautiful flower. 
 dan'- de-li-ou, n. A planr with a yellow 
 
 flower and leaves the shape of a 
 
 lion's tooth. 
 eg'-lan-tiue (or -tin), «. The sweet 
 
 briar ; a species of rose. 
 fleur-de-lis', «. A flower of the lily 
 
 family. 
 
 flo'-rist, n. One who cultivates flowers. 
 
 fra'-g'rant, a. Sweet of smell. 
 
 f u^h'-si-a, n. A flowering plant, native 
 
 of Mexico and South America. 
 ge-ra'-ni-um, «. A plant and flower. 
 he'-li-o-trope, n. A very fragrant 
 
 flower. 
 
 LESSON 188. 
 
 Pertalnlns: to Klo-wers. 
 
 Leaves have their time to fall. 
 
 And flowers to wither at the north wind's breath. 
 
 -Felicia D. Hemans. 
 
 liy'-a-§intli, n. A bulbous plant bearing 
 
 beautiful spikes of fragrant flowers. 
 liy-dran'-ge-a, n. A plant bearing 
 
 large heads of showy flowers of a 
 
 rose color naturally. 
 ja-pdn'-i-ea, n. A species of camellia 
 
 bearing beautiful red or white flowers. 
 jas'-mine, n. A shrub or climbing 
 
 plant bearing flowers of a peculiarly 
 
 fragrant odor. 
 lil'-^, n. A beautiful and fragrant 
 
 flower. 
 mar'-i-gold, n. A plant bearing yel- 
 low flowers. 
 mi-gnon-eUe' (min-yun-ef), n. An 
 
 annual flowering plant having a 
 
 delicate odor. 
 niir-^is'-sns, n. A flowering plant 
 
 with bulbous root. 
 nas-tiir'-tium, n. A climbing plant 
 
 with ysUow flowers. 
 
 o'-dor-ous, a. Having a sweet odor. 
 
 or'-eliid (or'-kid), n. A species of or- 
 chis. 
 
 pe'-o-ny, n. A large, beautiful, showy 
 flower. 
 
 per'-ffime, n. Fragrance. 
 
 pet'-al, n. One of the colored leaves 
 of a flower. 
 
 phlox (floks), n. An American flower- 
 ing plant, having red, white or pur- 
 ple flowers 
 
 rlio-do-den'-dron, n. A plant with 
 handsome evergreen leaves and beau- 
 tiful rose-colored or purple flowers. 
 
 sy-rin'-ga, n. A kind of shrub with 
 sweet-scented white flowers. 
 
 tllis'-tle (tliis'-sl), n. A .prickly plant 
 with pink or lavender flowers. 
 
 va'-ri-e-g'ate, v. /. To mark with dif- 
 ferent colors. 
 
 ver-be'-na, n. A beautiful flower. 
 
 LESSON 189. 
 
 DICXAXION HXERCISK. 
 
 I cannot despise the cold man of science, who walks with his eyes 
 
 All alert through a garden of flowers, and strips 
 
 The lilies' gold tongues, and the roses' red lips, 
 
 With a ruthless dissection; since he, I suppose 
 
 Has some purpose beyond the mere mischief he does. 
 
100 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 But the stupid and mischievous boy, that uproots 
 
 The exotics, and tramples the tender young shoots 
 
 For a boy's brutal pastime, and only because 
 
 He knows no distinction between heartsease and haws, — 
 
 One would wish, for the sake of each blossom so nipped. 
 
 To catch the young rascal and have him well whipped, — Owen Meredith. 
 
 LESSON 190. 
 
 COI^OR. 
 
 When death's shadows my bosom uncloud , 
 
 When I shrink from the thought of the coffin and shroud, 
 
 May hope, like the rainbow, my spirit enfold 
 
 In her beautiful pinions of purple and gold." 
 
 The blue color of the sky. 
 A rich red or crimson 
 
 az'-ure, n. 
 ■ear'-mine, n. 
 
 color. 
 
 ■c6r-or, n. Any hue or tint as distin- 
 guished from white. 
 
 -erim'-gon, n. A deep red color. 
 
 gray, n. Any mixture of white and 
 black. 
 
 laT'-eii-der, n. A grayish blue color. 
 
 ma-gen'-ta, n. A red or crimson 
 color, derived from aniline. 
 
 ma-r5?>ii', «. A brownish crimson, or 
 claret color. 
 
 manye (moy), n. A delicate and beau- 
 tiful purple or lilac. 
 
 maz-a-rlne'y n. A deep blue color. 
 
 \V 
 
 Pale yellow. 
 A dark brownish green 
 
 6'-cher 
 o'-ehre 
 
 dl'-ive, n. 
 
 color. 
 
 dr'-ange, n. Golden yellow. 
 
 pftr'-ple, n. A color composed of red 
 and blue, much esteemed for its rich- 
 ness and beauty. 
 
 si-en'-na, n. A brownish yellow color. 
 
 fim'-ber, n. A blackish brown color. 
 
 ver'-dure, n. Greenness. 
 
 ver-mil'-ion (-yun), n. A beautiful 
 red color. 
 
 Yi'-o-let,«. A dark blue inclining to red. 
 
 ySF-low, n. A bright, golden color, 
 reflecting the most light of any, 
 except white. 
 
 LESSON 191. 
 
 XRKKS. 
 
 Mouldering and moss-grown, through the lapse of years, in motionless beauty stands the 
 giant oak, whilst those that saw its green and flourishing youth are gone and are forgotten.— 
 Longfellow. 
 
 ar'-bor vl'-tae, n. An evergreen tree. 
 
 asp'-en, n A species of poplar, 
 whose leaves tremble with the slight- 
 est impulse of the wind. 
 
 birch, n. A tree of several species. 
 
 bfit'-ter-nttt, n» An American tree 
 and its fruit. 
 
 «a-tal'-pa, n. A tree having large 
 leaves and white flowers. 
 
 je'-dar, n. An evergreen tree. 
 chfist'-niit (chSs'-), n. A tree, with 
 
 fruit enalosed in a prickly bur. 
 •eo'-coa (ko'-ko), n. A palm, producing 
 
 the cocoanut. 
 8b'-on-y, n. A wood from Madagascar 
 
 and Ceylon, which admits of a fine 
 
 polish ; the usual color is black. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFININQ. 
 
 .101 
 
 elm, n. A tree much used in America 
 for shade. 
 
 fo'-li-age, n. A collector, of leaves 
 arranged by nature. 
 
 hi-ek^-o-ry, n. An American tree. 
 
 mag-uo'-ll-a, n. A tree having large, 
 fragrant flowers, found in the south- 
 ern part of the United States, 
 
 ma-hdg'-a-iiy, n. A large tree found 
 in tropical America. 
 
 pal-met'-to, n. A species of palm, 
 growing in the West Indies and 
 southern United States. 
 
 per-sim'-mon, n. An American tree, 
 with fruit like a plum. 
 
 sas'-sa-fras, n. A tree whose bark has 
 an aromatic smell and taste. 
 
 sy-c'-a-more, n. A large tree found in 
 Egypt and Syria, and is the sycamore 
 of Scripture ; in America the button- 
 wood tree is called by this name. 
 
 wal'-nut, n. A tree, of which there 
 are several species, and its fruit. 
 
 wil'-low, n. A tree with slender, pliant 
 branches. 
 
 LESSON 192. 
 
 HOBIOPIIOT^OUS 'WORDS. 
 
 'Tis a very good world that we live in, 
 
 To lend, to spend, or to give in ; 
 
 But to beg or to borrow, or to get a man's own, 
 
 'Tis the very worst world that ever was known. — Bulwer Lytton. 
 
 stake, z/. /. To wager; {n.) A post. 
 steak, n. A slice of meat. 
 
 stile, n. Steps over a fence. 
 style, n. Fashion ; manner. 
 
 strait, n. A narrow passage of water 
 between two larger bodies of water. 
 straight, a. Not crooked. 
 
 sweet, a. Agreeable. 
 suite (sweet), n. A series; a collec- 
 tion. 
 
 ta€ks, n. Small nails. 
 
 tax, n. Tribute to the government. 
 
 tear, n. A drop of water from the eye. 
 tier, n. A row. 
 
 tear, v. t. To rend. 
 tare, «. A weed; deduction from 
 freight. 
 
 team, «. Two or more horses. 
 toem, V. i. To be full ; to abound. 
 
 throne, n. A chair of state. 
 thrown, v. t. Past of throw. 
 
 toll, n. Tax on the highway. 
 tole, V. t. To cause to follow. 
 
 LESSON 193. 
 
 The -viodves of conscience, as connected with repentance and the feeling of duty, are the most 
 important differences which separate man from the animal. — Darwin. 
 
 al'-li-ga-tor, n. A large reptile living 
 in water or on land. 
 
 ■car'-^ass, n. The dead body of an 
 animal. 
 
 €ha-me'-le-on, n. A lizard-like reptile, 
 whose color changes more or less 
 with the color of the objects about 
 it. 
 
 §ham'-ois (sham'-m^) , n. A species of 
 antelope living on the highest peaks 
 in Europe. 
 
 ■erS-e'-o-dile, n. A large reptile. 
 
 drdm'-e-da-ry, n. A camel, with one 
 hump. 
 
102 
 
 ^USINESS SERIES. 
 
 Sl'-e-phant, «. One of the largest 
 quadrupeds now in existence. 
 
 fawn, n. A young deer . 
 
 f er'-ret, n. An animal oi: the weasel 
 kind. 
 
 gi-raflfe', n. An African quadruped 
 with short hind legs, long fore legs 
 and long neck. 
 
 go-ril'-la, n. A large African monkey. 
 
 hip-po-p5t'-a-inus, n. A large quadru- 
 ped, native of Africa. 
 
 hy-e'-ua, n. A wild animal with a 
 
 bristly mane like a hog; 
 upon carrion. 
 
 it feeds 
 
 kan-ga-ro?>% n. An Australian quad- 
 ruped. 
 
 leop'-ard, n. A yellow or fawn-colored 
 animal with black spots along the 
 back and sides. 
 
 men-ag'-e-rie (-azh-), n. A place where 
 animals are kept and trained. 
 
 m6n'-key, n. A species of ape. 
 
 por'-eu-pine, n. An animal covered 
 with quills having sharp prickles 
 
 quad'-ru-ped, a. Having four feet. 
 
 rhi-nd^'-e-ros, n. A large and power- 
 ful quadruped nearly allied to the 
 elephant. 
 
 LESSON 194. 
 
 BIRDS. 
 
 What though thy seed should fall by the wayside 
 And the birds snatch it — yet the birds are fed 
 
 Or they may bear it far across the tide, 
 
 To give rich harvest after thou art dead." 
 
 bdb'-o-link, n. An American singing 
 
 bird. 
 €a-iia'-ry, n. A species of singing 
 
 bird. 
 •c5€k-a-to?>% n. A bird of the parrot 
 
 kind. 
 €6r'-mo-rant, n. A sea raven. 
 ■€fl-ek'-^, n. A bird that derives its 
 
 name from its song. 
 ea^-gle, n. A rapacious bird of the 
 
 falcon family, very large and strong. 
 fla-min'-go, n. A bird having long 
 
 legs and neck. 
 gold'-f inch, n. A beautiful singing 
 
 bird, so n^med for the color of its 
 
 wings. 
 hum'-miug-bird, n. A very small 
 
 bird, remarkable for the brilliancy of 
 
 its plumage. 
 ja-ek'-daw, n. A bird allied to the 
 
 crows; it is black, with a blue or 
 
 metallic reflection. 
 
 night'-in-gale, n. A small bird that 
 sings at night. 
 
 o'-ri-ole, n, A singing bird having 
 plumage of a golden yellow, mixed 
 with black. 
 
 6s'-trich, «. A large bird, nearly ten 
 feet high, with long plumes instead 
 of feathers ; it can surpass horses in 
 speed. 
 
 par'-o-qu^t, n. A small bird found in 
 tropical coimtries. 
 
 par'-rot, n. A bird having brilliant 
 plumage, and celebrated for its pow- 
 ers of mimicry. 
 
 pel'-i-€aii, n. A web-footed water fowl, 
 larger than a swan, and remarkable 
 for its enormous bill, to the lower 
 edge of which is attached a pouch 
 that will hold many quarts of water. 
 
 p§n'-gain, «. A web-footed marine 
 bird ; it is unable to fly, but swims and 
 dives well; it is found only in the 
 south temperate and frigid regions. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 103 
 
 rob'-in, n. An American singing bird, 
 having a breast of a somewhat dingy 
 orange red color. 
 
 S-ereech'-owI, n. An owl that utters a 
 
 harsh cry at night. 
 wren, n. A small bird. 
 
 LESSON 195. 
 
 II^JSHCXS. 
 
 Not a worm is cloven in vain, 
 Not a moth with vain desire, 
 Is shriveled in a fruitless fire, 
 But subserves another's gain.- 
 
 Tennyson. 
 
 bee'-tle, n. An insect having four 
 wings, the outer pair being stiff cases 
 for covering the others when folded. 
 
 but'-ter-fly, n. An insect of different 
 species, so called from the color of a 
 yellow species. 
 
 €at'-er-pil-lar, n. The worm state of 
 a moth or butterfly. 
 
 §en'-ti-ped (also ^en'-ti-pede), n. A 
 many-jointed, wingless insect having 
 many feet. 
 
 €hrys'-a-lis (kris-), n. The form into 
 which the butterfly passes, and from 
 which the perfect insect emerges. 
 
 ■co-ck'-roach, n. An insect with a long 
 body and flat wings ; is very trouble- 
 some, infecting houses and ships. 
 
 •co-coon', n. The oblong case of a silk- 
 worm, in which it lies in its chrys- 
 alis state. 
 
 -cri-ck'-et, «". An insect with a chirp- 
 ing note. 
 
 drag'-on-fly, n. An insect having a 
 large head, wings and eyes, and a 
 long body. 
 
 glow'-worm, n. An insect emitting a 
 green light. 
 
 gnat (nat), n. A small, troublesome 
 insect having lancet-like stings. 
 
 grass'-hop-per, n. A jumping insect. 
 
 hor'-net, n. A large, strong wasp of a 
 dark brown and yellow color, 
 
 ka'-ty-did, n. An insect of a pale green 
 color, closely allied to the grasshopper. 
 
 lo'-cust, n. A jumping insect of the 
 species of the grasshopper. 
 
 mos-qui'-to, n. A small insect having 
 a sharp-pointed proboscis, by means 
 of which it punctures the skin of ani- 
 mals, causing a considerable degree 
 of pain. 
 
 silk' -worm, n. The caterpillar which 
 produces silk. 
 
 spi'-der, n. An insect remarkable for 
 spinning webs for taking its prey, 
 forming its habitation and holding 
 its food. 
 
 ta-ran'-tu-la, n. A species of spider. 
 
 whirr-i-gig, n. An insect that lives 
 on the surface of the water and moves 
 about with great celerity. 
 
 LESSON 196. 
 
 DICXAXIOPi KXHRCISH. 
 
 Rubbing her shoulder with rosy palm. 
 
 As the loathsome touch yet seemed to thrill her, 
 My little girl cried, " I found on my arm 
 
 A horrible, crawling caterpillar 1 " 
 
104 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 And with mischievous smile she could scarcely smother. 
 
 Yet a glance in its daring, half awed and shy, 
 She added, " While they were about it, mother, 
 
 I wish they'd just finished the butterfly!" 
 
 Ah, look thou largely, with lenient eyes. 
 
 On whatso beside thee may creep or cling. 
 For the possible glory that underlies 
 
 The passing phase of the meanest thing ! 
 
 What if God's great angels, whose waiting love 
 
 Beholdeth our pitiful life below 
 From the holy height of their heaven above, 
 
 Couldn't bear with the worm till the wings should grow. 
 
 — Mrs. Whitney. 
 
 LESSON 197. 
 
 HOMOPHOKOUS ^WOROS. 
 
 I count this thing to be grandly true : 
 
 That a noble deed is a step toward God, 
 
 lyifting the soul from the common sod 
 To a purer air and a broader view. — Holland. 
 
 their, pron. Belonging to them. 
 there, adv. In that place. 
 thyme (tim), n. A fragrant plant. 
 time, n. Duration. 
 tide, «. Rise and fall of the sea. 
 tied, V, t. Fastened. 
 
 t5?), adv. Excessively. 
 
 tg, prep. Toward. 
 
 twQ, a. Twice one. 
 
 tftn, n. A liquid measure. 
 
 t6n, n. A weight of 2,000 pounds. 
 
 A valley. 
 
 A cover for the face. 
 
 Yale, n. 
 T§il, n. 
 
 Tain, a. Proud ; fond of praise. 
 Tfiiii, n. A vessel that conveys the 
 
 blood back to the heart. 
 yane, n. A weathercock. 
 
 Ti'-al, n. A small bottle. 
 Ti'-ol, n. A musical instrument. 
 
 vi^e, n. A moral fault. 
 Tise, n. An instrument for holding 
 things, closed by a screw. 
 
 bfilkM-ness, n. Greatness in size. 
 •eo-l$8'-8al, a. Gigantic. 
 «6r'-pu-leiit, a. An excessive quan 
 tity of flesh. 
 
 LESSON 198. 
 
 It is not growing like a tree 
 
 In bulk, doth make man better be ; 
 
 Nor standing long, to fall at last, dry, bald and sere ; 
 
 In small proportions we most beauty see, 
 
 And in short measures life may perfect h^.—Ben Jonson. 
 
 ■eftm'-brofis, a. Burdensome. 
 
 e-nor'-moiis, a. Great beyond the 
 common measure. 
 
 ex-tSu'-sive-ly, a^z/. To a great ex- 
 tent ; widely. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 105 
 
 ^i-gan'-ti-e, a. Very large. 
 lier-eu'-le-an, a. Having great strength 
 
 or size. 
 hn^e'-ness, n. Enormous bulk or 
 
 largeness. 
 im-mSas'-ur-a-ble, a. That cannot be 
 
 measured. 
 im-men'-si-ty, n. Vast in extent or bulk. 
 Ill-li-pu'-tian, a. Diminutive; very 
 
 small size. 
 mag'-ni-fy, v. t. To enlarge. 
 mag'-ni-tude^ n. Bulk; size. 
 
 mul'-ti-tude, n. A crowd; a great 
 number of persons. 
 
 mus'-€u-lar, a. Having well-developed 
 muscles; brawny. 
 
 spa'-cious, a. Vast in extent. 
 
 stu-pen'-doiis, a. Astonishing magni- 
 tude or elevation. 
 
 ti'-ny, a. Very small. 
 
 tre-men'-dous, a. That which aston- 
 ishes by its magnitude, force or vio- 
 lence. 
 
 LESSON 199. 
 pre:cious sxo:nhs. 
 
 Full many a gem of purest ray serene, 
 
 The dark, unfathomed caves of ocean bear ; 
 
 Full many a flower is born to blush unseen. 
 
 And waste its sweetness on the desert air. — Grey. 
 
 am'-e-th^st, n. A precious stone of a 
 bluish violet color. 
 
 ber'-yl, n. A bluish green rnineral of 
 great hardness, and when clear, of 
 great beauty. 
 
 •ear'-bun-ele, n. A beautiful gem of 
 a deep red color. 
 
 €ar-nel'-ian (-yan), n. A variety of 
 chalcedony, of a deep red, flesh red, 
 or reddish white color. 
 
 «haI-^ed'-o-iiy or «hal'-§e-do-ny, n. 
 
 A kind of quartz, usually of a whitish 
 color, and a luster nearly like wax. 
 €hrj^s'-o-lite, «. A mineral, varying 
 in color from pale green to bottle 
 green. 
 
 €rys'-tal, a. Clear ; transparent. 
 di'-a-m6nd, n. A gem, remarkable for 
 its hardness and brilliancy. 
 
 em'-er-ald, n. A precious stone of a 
 rich green color. 
 
 gar'-net, n. A mineral of a deep red 
 color. 
 
 jas'-per, n. An impure variety of 
 quartz, of a dull red or yellow color. 
 
 o'-nyx, n. Chalcedony, consisting of 
 parallel layers of different shades of 
 colors, and used for making cameos. 
 
 o'-pal, n. A precious stone, consisting 
 of silex in what is called a soluble 
 state, and a small quantity of water. 
 
 pearl, n. A bluish white, smooth, 
 lustrous jewel. 
 
 ru'-by, n. A precious stone of a car- 
 mine red color. 
 
 sap'-phire (saf'-ir), n. Pure crystal- 
 lized alumina, next in hardness to a 
 diamond. 
 
 sar'-di-us, n. A precious stone, prob- 
 ably a carnelian. 
 
 sar^'do-nyx, n. A gem of reddish yel- 
 low, or nearly orange color. 
 
 to'-paz, n. A gem, generally yellow 
 and pellucid. 
 
 tiir-quoig' (koiz' or -keez'), n. A min- 
 eral of a bluish green color, brought 
 from Persia. 
 
106 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 200. 
 
 DICXAXIOKJ KXHRCISH. 
 
 Thus it is over all the earth ! That which we call the fairest, 
 
 And prize for its surpassing worth, is always rarest. 
 
 Iron is heaped in mountain piles and gluts the laggard forges ; 
 
 But gold-flakes gleam in dim defiles and lonely gorges. 
 
 The snowy marble flecks the land with heaped and rounded ledges, 
 
 But diamonds hide within the sand their starry edges. 
 
 Were every hill a precious mine, and golden all the mountains ; 
 
 Were all the rivers fed with wine by tireless fountains ; 
 
 Life would be ravished of its zest and shorn of its ambition. 
 
 And sink into the dreamless rest of inanition. -^//b//a«d?. 
 
 LESSON 201. 
 
 UBNOXING QUANXIXY. 
 
 True worth is in being, not seeming— 
 In doing each day that goes by- 
 Some little good — not in dreaming 
 Of great things to do by and hy.— Alice Carey. 
 
 a-bftll'-dan^e, n. Great plenty? 
 
 am'-ple, a. Fully sufficient. 
 
 ■eom'-pe-ten-^y, n. Sufficiency. 
 
 €6n-sid'-er-a-ble, a. Moderately large. 
 
 •€o'-pi-OUS, a. Plentiful ; abundant. 
 
 dearth, n. Want ; famine. 
 
 e-nofigh' (e-nuf )j «• A sufficiency. 
 
 ^x-Fl'-ber-ant, a. Over-abundant; su- 
 perfluous. 
 
 fam'-ine, n. General scarcity of food. 
 
 fruit'-ful, «. Plenteous; productive. 
 
 iii-ad'-e-quate, a. Unequal; insuffi- 
 cient to effect the object. 
 
 lfiX"fi'"ri-aii§e, n. Over-abundance. 
 
 a. Scanty. 
 
 plen'-te-ous, a. Abundant. 
 re-duii'-daiit, a. Exceeding what is 
 
 necessary, 
 s«ant'-y, a. Hardly sufficient; not 
 
 ample. 
 S€ar'-^i-ty, n. Smallness of quantity. 
 siif fr-cient (fish'-ent), a. Equal to 
 
 wants. 
 su-per'-flu-oils, a. More than is wanted ; 
 
 excessive. 
 sftr'-plus, n. An excess beyond what 
 
 is wanted. 
 
 LESSON 202. 
 
 HOMOPHOBiOUS l^ORDS. 
 
 All are architects of Fate, working in these walls of time ; 
 
 Some with massive deeds and great, some with ornaments oi rhyme. 
 
 Nothing useless is, or low, each thing in its place is best, 
 
 And what seems but idle show strengthens and supports the rest.— Longfellow. 
 
 waste, V. t. To destroy. 
 
 ivaist, n. Small part of the body 
 
 above the hips. 
 wade, V. /, To walk in mud or water. 
 wgi^hed, V. t. Estimated heaviness. 
 
 wait, V. i. To delay. 
 
 weight, n. Pressure downwards. 
 
 ware, «. The advancing swell on the 
 
 surface of a liquid. 
 waive, v, t. To relinquish. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 107 
 
 ware, «. Articles of merchandise. 
 wear, v. t. To consume by use. 
 
 week, n. Seven days. 
 weak, a. Wanting strength. 
 
 wrap, V. t. To enfold. 
 
 rap, n. A blow; {v. t.) to strike. 
 
 wrote, V. t. Did write. 
 rote, n. Mere repetition, without at- 
 tention to the meaning. 
 
 wring", V. t. To twist. 
 
 ring, n. A circle; *(z/. /.) to resound. 
 
 yoke, n. That which connects or binds. 
 yolk (yok), n. Part of an Q'g^. 
 
 LESSON 203. 
 
 IBVORDS RKQUIRIP^G CARHPUI^ DISCRISII^AXIO^. 
 
 " Don't brood o'er care — the trouble that you make 
 Is always worse to bear, and hard to shake : 
 Smile at the world ; the sorrow that is sent, 
 Take it with patience, as your punishment; 
 He wins who laughs. ' ' 
 
 a«-^ept', V. t. To receive with favor. 
 ex-Qept', V. t. To leave out. 
 
 a€ts, n. pi. Deeds. 
 
 ax, n. A tool for chopping. 
 
 af-fe-et', v. t. To operate on. 
 ef-fC'et', «. Result; (z/.) to bring about. 
 alm§, n. Gifts of charity. 
 arm§, «. Weapons; limbs. 
 
 ar'-rant, a. Very bad ; wicked. 
 er'-raud, n. A commission. 
 er'-rant, a. Wandering; wild. 
 
 baF-lad, n. A popular song. 
 bal'-lot, n. The ticket cast. 
 bal'-let (baF-la), n. A theatrical dance. 
 
 bar'-on, n. A title of nobility in Eng- 
 land. 
 bar'-ren, a. Unproductive; sterile. 
 
 bared, v. t. Made bare. 
 "beard, n. Hair on the chin. 
 
 bile, n. Secretions of the liver. 
 boil, n. A tumor; {v. t.) to seethe. 
 
 LESSON 204. 
 
 "^Vords Requirins: Careful Dlscrlmlnatioii. 
 
 " Perish policy and cunning ; 
 
 Perish all that fears the light ; 
 
 Whether losing, whether winning, 
 
 Trust in God and do the right." 
 
 b6d'-i§e, n. A kind of quilted waist- 
 coat with stays, for women. 
 b6d'-ie§, n. Plural of IfOiiy. 
 
 boy, n. A male child. 
 buof , n. A floating cask. 
 
 bran, n. Coarse part of grain. 
 brand, n. A mark made by a hot iron. 
 
 burst, V. t. To break open by force. 
 bnst, n. A piece of statuary. 
 
 €am, n. A part of a machine. 
 ■ealm, a. Quiet. 
 
 ■ear'-ol, n. A song of joy. 
 
 ■edr'-al, n. Insects and their shells 
 found in the sea, composed almost 
 purely of carbonate of lime. 
 
108 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 €ast'-er, n. A small wheel on which 
 
 furniture is rolled. 
 «as'-tor, n. A substance of a strong 
 
 smell and bitter taste. 
 
 change, n. An evqnt happening with- 
 out any assigned cause. 
 chants, v. /. Sings. 
 
 €loge, V. t. To shut. 
 €lothe§, n. Garments. 
 
 «dii'-fl-dent, a. Bold-, positive. 
 €dii-fl-dant', n. A confidential or 
 bosom friend. 
 
 LESSON 205. 
 'Virords Requiriug: Careful Discrimination. 
 
 virtuous and vicious every man must be, 
 
 Few in the extreme, but all in the degree ; 
 
 The rogue and fool by fits is fair and wise ; 
 
 And even the best, by fits, what they despise —/b/^. 
 
 -eatch, V. t. To seize ; to lay hold of. 
 ketch, n. A kind of boat. 
 
 def-er-en^e, n. Respect for others. 
 dif-fer-en§e, n. Disagreement; mark 
 of distinction. 
 
 dSnse, a. Close; compact. 
 dents, «. Marks ; small hollows. 
 
 de-s§5nt', n. A coming down. 
 dis-sSnt', n. Difference of opinion. 
 de-gert', n. Merit; worth. 
 dSg-gert', n. The last course at the 
 table ; pastry, fruits and sweetmeats. 
 
 de-yige', v. t. To contrive ; to bequeath. 
 de-Tige', n. Trick. 
 
 di'-verg, a. Several ; various. 
 dl-verse', a. Different in kind. 
 
 Sm'-i-nent, a. Exalted in rank. 
 im'-mi-nent, a. Threatening evil. 
 
 e-rtip'-tion, n. A breaking forth. 
 Ir-rfip'-tion, n. A bursting in. 
 
 e-merge', v. i. To rise out of a fluid. 
 im-merge', v. t. To plunge into a 
 fluid. 
 
 LESSON 206. 
 'Words Requiring: Careful Discrimination. 
 
 " He who never changed any of his opinions never corrected any of his mistakes ; and he 
 who was never wise enough to find out any mistakes in himself, will not be charitable enough to 
 excuse what he reckons mistakes in others." 
 
 fish'-er, n. One who catches fish. 
 fis'-sure (f ish'-^r), n. A cleft ; a chasm. 
 
 false, a. Untrue. 
 faults, n. Errors. 
 
 fa'-ther, n. Male parent. 
 
 far'-ther, adv. More remotely ; beyond. 
 
 fUr, a. Distant. 
 
 fftr, n. Short, thick hair. 
 
 fSll'-er, n. One who fells or knocks 
 
 down. 
 fSl'-low, «. An individual. 
 
 first, rt. Foremost; earliest. 
 ffist, n. Mustiness. 
 
 form'-al-ly, adv. With ceremony. 
 fdr'-mer-ly, adv. In earlier time. 
 
 g:anf-let, «. A military punishment. 
 gSunf-let, «. An iron glove. 
 
 hal'-low, V. t. To keep sacred. 
 h61'-low, n. A low place. 
 ha'-lo, n. A circle of light. 
 hal-Kn^S n. A shout; a calL 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 109 
 
 LESSON 207. 
 
 "^I^ords Requiring: Careful Discrimination. 
 
 " There is no greater obstacle in the way of success in life, than trusting for something to 
 turn up, instead of going to work and turning up something." 
 
 hash, n. Minced meat and vegetables. 
 harsh, a. Austere; abusive. 
 
 huff, n. A swell of anger or pride. 
 hoof, n. Hard part of an animal's foot. 
 
 jest, n. A joke. 
 
 just, a. Upright; honest. 
 
 least, a. The smallest. 
 lest, conj. For fear that. 
 
 leav'-en, n. Yeast. 
 e-lSy'-en, a. One more than ten. 
 lie, V. i. To rest on a bed or couch. 
 lay, V. t. To put down. 
 
 light'-ning, n. A flash in the clouds, 
 
 of electric light. 
 light'-eu-ing, v. t. Making lighter. 
 
 line, n. A slender chord. 
 loin, n. A part of the body. 
 
 lin'-i-ment, n. A soft or liquid oint- 
 ment. 
 lin'-e-a-ment, n. Outline ; feature. 
 
 lo^se, V. i. To untie, or unbind. 
 loge, V. t. To cause to part with unin- 
 tentionally. 
 
 LESSON 208. 
 "Words Requiring: Careful Discrimination. 
 
 The purest treasure mortal times aflford. 
 
 Is spotless reputation : that away. 
 
 Men are but gilded loam, or painted qX?^^.— Shakespeare. 
 
 news, «• Tidings. 
 uol&se, n, A slip knot. 
 
 6ff, adv. Away from. 
 
 df (dy), prep. Proceeding from. 
 
 pas'-tor, n. Minister of a church. 
 pas'-ture, n. Land used for grazing. 
 
 pa'-tien^e, n. Calmness. 
 
 pa'-tients (-shents), «. Those who are 
 
 sick. 
 
 phage, n. That which is exhibited to 
 
 the eye. 
 f&^e, n. Cast of features; surface of 
 
 a thing. 
 
 piF-lar, n. A column. 
 
 pil'-low, n. A cushion for the head. 
 
 pint, n. Half a quart. 
 
 point* n. The sharp end of anything. 
 
 por'-tion, n. A part. 
 po'-tion, n. A dose. 
 
 pres'-en^e, n. Nearness. 
 pr^S'-ents, n. Gifts. 
 
 prince, n. 
 prints, n. 
 
 A king's son. 
 Impressions. 
 
110 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 209. 
 
 l^ords Requlrins: Careful Discrimination. 
 
 Dost thou love life, then do not squander time, for that is the stuff life is made ol.— Benjamin 
 Franklin. 
 
 quay (ke), «. A bank formed on the 
 side of a river for loading and un- 
 loading vessels. 
 
 key, n. That which opens or shuts a 
 lock. 
 
 rinse, v. t. To cleanse with water. 
 rents, n. Yearly income ; tearings. 
 
 sew'-er (su'-er), n. A drain or passage 
 to carry off filth and water under 
 ground. 
 
 sew'-er (so'-er), n. One who sews or 
 uses the needle. 
 
 stat'-ne, n. An image. 
 stat'-fire, n. Height. 
 staf -ute, n. A law. 
 
 spe'-c!e (-shj^), n. Hard money. 
 spe'-cieg, «. A kind ; variety. 
 spe'-ciofis (-shtts), a. Apparently right. 
 
 stun, V. t. To make insensible. 
 stone, n. A piece of rock. 
 
 toad, n. A reptile. 
 towed, V. t. Dragged through the 
 water by means of a rope. 
 
 tow'-er, n. A high building. 
 tQur, n. A long journey. 
 
 w^rst'-ed (wust'-ed), n. A well- 
 twisted yarn. 
 
 worst'-ed (wfirst'-), v. t. Defeated; 
 overthrown. 
 
 LESSON 210. 
 MISCHI^I^AI^EOUS. 
 
 Man lives apart but not alone ; 
 
 He walks amid his peers unfead ; 
 The best of thoughts that he hath known. 
 
 For lack of listeners are never said.— y;?a» Ingelow. 
 
 trans-par'- en-<jy, n. Clearness. 
 
 treag'-ure, n. That which is very 
 much valued. 
 
 tre'-mor or trem'-or, n. An involun- 
 tary trembling. 
 
 tr jf st,« • An appointed place of meeting. 
 
 twink'-le, V. i. To flash at intervals. 
 
 tj^p'-i-e-al, a. Emblematic. 
 
 u'-ni-form, a. Conforming to one rule 
 or mode. 
 
 u-nlque' (-neek'), «• Odd; without 
 like or equal. 
 
 u'-nl-s6n, n. Harmony ; union. 
 
 fl-ni-yer'-sal, <»• Unlimited. 
 
 ftr'-g'cn-^y, n. Pressure of necessity- 
 ii'-til-ize, v. t. To make use of. 
 va'-ri-a-ble, a. Changeable. 
 va-ri'-e-ty, n. A varied assortment 
 vSn'-ti-late, v. t. To furnish supplies 
 
 of fresh air. 
 vgn'-tnr-ous, a. Fearless ; daring. 
 ver'-dan-<jy, n. Inexperience. 
 vi-^in'-i-tj^, n. Nearness. 
 vo-€a'-tion, n. Trade ; occupation. 
 wrSs'-tle, n. A struggle between two, 
 
 to see which will throw the other 
 
 down. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 Ill 
 
 LESSON 211. 
 
 PERXAIKI^G XO XHE CIXY. 
 
 "lyist to the city's gaunt, thunderous roar, 
 Calling and calling for you evermore." 
 
 al'-der-mau, n. An officer of a city, 
 next below a mayor in rank. 
 
 al'-ley, n. A narrow walk or passage. 
 
 al-ldt'-meiit, n. That which is allotted. 
 
 aq'-ue-du€t (ak'-we-),^2. An artificial 
 channel for conveying water, espe- 
 cially in large cities. 
 
 ar-eade% n. A long, arched building, 
 lined on each side with shops. 
 
 av'-e-nue, n. A wide street. 
 
 •€a-fe' (kaf-a')?^^- A coffee house. 
 
 ■ea-si'-no, «. A building used for social 
 meetings, having rooms for public 
 amusement. 
 
 found'-ry, n. A building arranged for 
 casting metals. 
 
 gym-na'-§i-um, n. A place for ath- 
 letic exercise. 
 
 hy'-drant, n. A pipe where water may 
 be drawn from the mains of an aque- 
 duct. 
 
 lo-€ar-i-ty, n. 
 
 situation. 
 
 Geographical place or 
 
 maii-u-fa«'-to-ry, n. A house or place 
 where anything is manufactured; a 
 factory. 
 
 may '-or, n. The chief officer of a city. 
 
 mu ni^'-i-pal, a. Pertaining to a cor- 
 poration or a city. 
 
 or'-di-nan§e, n. A rule established by 
 authority. 
 
 po-li§e', n. A body of civil officers 
 who preserve good order and enforce 
 the laws. 
 
 re§-er-v6ir' (-vwor'), n. The place 
 where water is collected to supply 
 the city by means of aqueducts. 
 
 res'-tau-rant, «. An eating house. 
 
 sub'-urb, n. An outlying part of a 
 town or city ; a smaller place immedi- 
 ately adjacent to a city. 
 
 LESSON 212. 
 DICXAXION HXHRCISH. 
 
 Here in the city I ponder, through its long pathways I wander. 
 
 These are the spires that were gleaming 
 
 All through my juvenile dreaming, 
 
 When in the old country school house, I conned 
 
 Legends of life in the broad world beyond — 
 
 Ever I longed for the walls and the streets. 
 
 And the rich conflict that energy meets ! 
 
 So I have come : but the city is great. 
 
 Bearing me down like a brute with its weight. 
 
 So I have come : but the city is cold, 
 
 And I am lonelier now than of old.— Car/^/on. 
 
112 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 213. 
 8om«^ Cities of tbe U. S. livitli more tlian 20,000 Inhabitants. 
 
 lyife, like some cities, is full of blind alleys, leading nowhere ; the great art is to keep out of 
 thetn.—Bovee. 
 
 Census of 1900. 
 . . . 39.647 
 
 Census of 1900. 
 
 ik'-ron, OAto 42,728 
 
 IV-le-ghe-n J, Pa 129,896 
 
 Al-too'-na, /*« 38,973 
 
 it-lan'-ti* City, iV. /. .... 27,835 
 
 An'-burii, N. V. 30,345 
 
 Au-gus'-ta, Ga 39,441 
 
 Au-ro'-ra, ///. 24, 147 
 
 Barti-more, Md. 508,957 
 
 Bay' ^it-y, Mi'cA 27,628 
 
 Bay-dniieS N. /. 32,722 
 
 Bing'-hain-t6n, N. V. 
 Bir'-miiig-ham(-fim), ^/a. .. 38,415 
 
 BloI>m'-ing-toii, ///. 23,286 
 
 Bridge'-port, Conn 70,996 
 
 Brdok'-lj^n, iV. V. (Borough). 1,166,582 
 
 Buf'-fa-lo, N. V. 352,387 
 
 Bur'-ling-t6n, /^wa 23,201 
 
 Butte, Afonf 30,470 
 
 €a.m'-hTidgei Afass 91,886 
 
 ■eam'-den, N. /. 75,935 
 
 Some Cities of tbe V. S 
 
 There is no solitude more dreadful 
 thousands of men and not one friend.- 
 
 "Can'-ton, OAw 
 
 ^e-dar Rap'-ids, /owa .... 
 
 Chat-ta-no?)'-ga, Tenn 
 
 Cher-sea, Mass 
 
 Ches'-ter, P^ 
 
 ^hi-ea'-go (she-kaw'-go), ///. i 
 
 ^n-<jiii-nat' i, O^i'o 
 
 fJleve'-land, 0/izo 
 
 Clin'-ton, /owa 
 
 C61-o-ra'-do Springs, Co/o. . . 
 
 LESSON 214. 
 . ^wltli more than 20,000 Inhabitants. 
 
 for a stranger, an isolated man, than a great city. So many 
 -Boisie. 
 
 30,667 -edv'-ing-tdn, Ajk 42,938 
 
 25,656 -Co-lioes', N. V. 23,910 
 
 32,490 -eoun'-^il Bliiffs, Iowa . . . . 25,802 
 
 34,072 Dal'-las, T£j:as 42,638 
 
 33,988 Day'-t6n, OAz'o 85,333 
 
 698,575 Dav'-en-p6rt, /<?wa 35,^54 
 
 325,902 De-«a'-t«r, ///. 20.754 
 
 381,768 l}e-troiV,MicA 285,704 
 
 22,698 Du-buque', loTua 36,^97 
 
 21,085 East'-on, Pa 25,238 
 
 LESSON 215. 
 Some Cities of the U. 8. 'with more than 20,000 Inhabitants. 
 
 Cities have always been the fireplaces of civilization, whence light and heat radiated out into 
 the dark, cold world.— Theodore Parker. 
 
 El'-gin, /// 22,423 
 
 E-liz'-a-betii, A^. / 52,130 
 
 t\-mV-rk^N. V. 35.672 
 
 E'-rie, Pa 52,733- 
 
 Ev'-aiis-ville, /nd. 59.007 
 
 Ev'-er-ett, ^^J-f 24,336 
 
 Fftll' Riv-er, Mass 104,863 
 
 YitcW-htirg, Mass 3i.53i 
 
 Fort Wayne', /«^. 45. "5 
 
 Fort Worth, T^xas 26,688 
 
 Gal'-ves-tdn, 7V.r«j 37.789 
 
 Gldiices'-ter (glds'-ter), Afass. 26,121 
 
 (?rand Rap'-ids, Mtc/t 87,565 
 
 Ham'-il-ton, O/tw 23,914 
 
 Ha'-ver-hill (ha'-ver-il) , Mass. 37, 1 75 
 
 Ho'-bo-ken, JV. /. 59.364 
 
 HoV-yoke, Mass 45. 712 
 
 Hous'-tou, Texas 44.633 
 
 ,lik€k'-son, Affc/t 25,180 
 
 Ja€k'-8on-YUle, P^a 28,429 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 113 
 
 LESSON 216. 
 Some Cities of tbe 17. S. witb more than 20,000 Itiliat>itaiits. 
 
 He who imagines he can do without the world deceives himself much ; but he who fancies the 
 world cannot do without him is still more mistaken.— /^ocke/oucauld. 
 
 Lew'-is-ton, Me 23,761 
 
 Lex'-ing-toii, A[y 26,369 
 
 Los An'-gel-es, Ca/(f. 102,479 
 
 Low'-ell, Mass 94.969 
 
 LouMs-ville (l6?>'-is-Tille), A>. 204,731 
 
 L;fnn, Mass 68,513 
 
 Mac Kee§'-p6rt, /•« 34.227 
 
 Ma'-€6ii, Ga 23,272 
 
 Mal'-den, Mass 33,664 
 
 Man'-ches-ter, N. H. 56,987 
 
 James'town, iV; V. 22,892 
 
 Jer'-§ey ^t-f , N. /. 206,433 
 
 Kal-a-ma-zo?)', Mz'c^ 24,404 
 
 KsLn'-ssLs^t-f,Mo. ...... 163,752 
 
 Kings'-ton, N. V. 24,535 
 
 Knox'-ville, Tenn 32.637 
 
 La -Crosse', W/s 28,895 
 
 Lan«'-as-ter, Fa 4^.459 
 
 Law'-ren^e, Mass 62,559 
 
 Leay'-eu-worth^ Kan 20,735 
 
 LESSON 217. 
 Some Cities of tbe \J. S. i^itli more tlian 20,000 Inbabltants. 
 
 The axis of the earth sticks out visibly through the centre of each and every town or city. — 
 O. H^. Holmes. 
 
 Mem'-phis, Tenn 102,320 
 
 Mil-wau'-kee, IV/s. ... . . . 285,315 
 
 Min-ne-ap'-o-lis, Minn 202,718 
 
 M6-bile', Ala 38,469 
 
 Mun'-^ie, Ind. 20,942 
 
 Mus-ke'-goii, Mich 20,818 
 
 Nash'-u-a, N. H. 23,898 
 
 New'-ark, N. J. ....... 246,070 
 
 New Bed'-ford, Mass 62,442 
 
 New Brit'-ain, Conn 25,998 
 
 New'-burg, N. Y. 24,943 
 
 New'-cas-tle, Pa 28,339 
 
 New Ha'-ven, Conn 108,027 
 
 New Or'-le-an§, Z.^ 287,104 
 
 New'-ton, il/^^j 33,587 
 
 New York', N. Y. 'hA'hl^'2-0'2. 
 
 Nor'-folk, Va 46,624 
 
 Nor'-ris-town, Pa 22,265 
 
 North Ad'-ams, Mass 24,200 
 
 Oak'-land, Calif. 66,960 
 
 Some Cities of tbe V. S. 
 
 LESSON 218. 
 
 Mrltb more tban 20,000 Inbabitants. 
 
 Towered cities please us then, 
 And the busy hum of men.— Mtlion. 
 
 O'-ma-ha, iVi?^ 102,555 
 
 Or'-ange, JV. /. 24, 141 
 
 Osli'-kosh, IVis 28,284 
 
 Os-we'-go, N. Y. 22,199 
 
 Pas-sa'-i-e, iV. /. 27,777 
 
 Pat'-er-s6ii, iV: /. 105,171 
 
 Paw-tuck'-et, P. /..,,.. . 39,231 
 
 Pe-o'-ri-a, /// 56,100 
 
 Pe'-ters-burg, Va 21,810 
 
 Phil-a-der-phi-a, Pa 1,293,697 
 
 Pitts'-Mirg, Pa 321,616 
 
 Port'-land, Me 50, 145 
 
 Pough-keep'-sie(p6-kip'-)j^. y- 24,029 
 Pu-eb'-lo (pweb'-lo), Colo. . . 28,157 
 
 Quiu'-cy, ///. 36,282 
 
 Ra-§ine', IVis 29,102 
 
 Read'-ing, Pa 78,961 
 
 Ro-a-noke', Va 21,495 
 
 Ro€k'-ford, ///. 31,051 
 
 Roch'-es-ter, N. Y. 162,608 
 
114 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 219. 
 Some Cities of tlie IJ. S. ^wltb more than 20,000 Inbabltants. 
 
 " 111 fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, 
 Where wealth accumulates, and men decay." 
 
 Sag'-i-iiaw, Mich 42,345 
 
 Saint Jo'-seph, Mo 102,979 
 
 Sa'-lem, Mass 35,956 
 
 San An-to'-ni-o, Texas . . . . 53,321 
 San Fran-^is'-€6, Calif. . . . 342, 782 
 San Jose (lio-saOj <^^^^- • • • 21,500 
 
 Sa-yan'-nah, Ga 54.244 
 
 S€he-ne€'-ta-dy, N. V. . .. 31,682 
 
 S€ran'-ton, Pa 102,026 
 
 Se-at'-tle, IVasA. 80,671 
 
 She-boy'-^an, IVis 22,962 
 
 Shen-an-do'-ah, Fa 20,321 
 
 Signx' ^t-f , /<?wa 33. m 
 
 Sdm'-er-ville, Mass 61,643 
 
 South Bend^ Imf. 35.999 
 
 Spo-kane', IVasA 36,848 
 
 St. Lou'-is (lo?>'-is), Mo. . . . 575.238 
 
 Su-pe'-ri or, IVis 31,091 
 
 S5^r'-a-ciise, N. V. 108,374 
 
 Ta-«o'-ma, IVasA 37. 7^4 
 
 LESSON 220. 
 Some Cities of tlie U. S. 'witlt more tban 20,000 Inbat>itant8. 
 
 If you would know and not be known, live in a city.— Colton. 
 
 Taun'-ton, Mass 31.036 
 
 Ter'-re Haute (hot), Ind. .. . 36,673 
 
 To-Ie'-do, Ohio 131,822 
 
 Troy, N. Y. 60,651 
 
 U'-ti-'-ca, N. Y. 56,383 
 
 Wa'-€0, Texas 20,686 
 
 War-tham, Mass 23,481 
 
 Wa'-ter-hur-y (-ber-ry). Conn. 4^,859 
 
 Wa'-ter-town, N. Y. 21,696 
 
 West Ho-bo'-ken, N. /. . . . . 23,094 
 
 Wich'-i-ta, Kan 24,671 
 
 Wiir-iams-port, Pa. ... 28,757 
 
 Wilkes'-bar-re (ri), Z'^. . . . 51.721 
 
 WiF-ming-tOn, Del 76.508 
 
 Wo?)n-s5«k'-et, R. T 28,204 
 
 Worces'-ter(wo?>s'-ter), Mass, 118,421 
 
 Y6nk'-er§, N. Y. 47.931 
 
 York, Pa 33,708 
 
 Toiingrs'-town, Ohio 44.885 
 
 Zaneg'-ville, Ohio 23,538 
 
 LESSON 221. 
 
 8XAXBS AIKD THRRIXORIB8. 
 
 One flag, one land, one heart, one hand, 
 
 One Nation, evermore 
 
 STATE OR TERRITORY. 
 
 il-a-ba'-ma, Ala 
 
 A-las'-ka Ter., Alaska Ter, 
 Ar-i-z6'-na, Ariz. . 
 Ir'-kan-sgs (sftw), Ark. 
 €al-i-fdr'-nl-a. Call/-. . . 
 €61-0 ra'-do, Colo. . . . 
 •edn-nSct'-I-eflt, Conn, or C/, 
 D§r-a-ware, Bel. .... 
 Fldr'-i-da, Fla. . . , . . 
 6e6r'-gri-4, Ga. , . . , . 
 
 -O. VV. Holmes 
 Q. MILES. 
 51.540 
 
 531,409 • 
 113,929 . 
 
 53.845 . 
 
 155.980 . 
 
 103,845 . 
 
 4,845 . 
 
 1,950 . 
 
 59.268 . 
 
 58,980 . 
 
 CAPITAL. 
 
 M6nt-g:6m'-e-ry 
 Sit'-ka .... 
 Phoe'-nix . . 
 Lit'-tle Rdck . 
 Sa«-ra-mgn'-to 
 D6n'-ver . . . 
 Hart'-ford . . 
 Do'-ver .... 
 Tal-la-h&s'-see 
 it-lau'-t& . 
 
 CENSUS OF 1900. 
 30,346 
 1.396 
 
 5.544 
 38.307 
 29,282 
 
 133.859 
 79.850 
 
 3.329 
 
 2,981 
 
 89,87a 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 116 
 
 LESSON 222. 
 states and Territories. 
 
 the home of the homeless all over the earth ! — Street. 
 
 STATE OR TERRITORY 
 
 I'-da-ho, Idaho . . 
 Il-li-noi§' (or noi')i I^^- 
 In-di-an'-a, Ind. . 
 In'-dian Ter. (ind'-yan 
 F-o-wa, Iowa or la 
 Kan'-sas, Kan. 
 Ken-tu^k'-y, ICy. . 
 Lou-i-§i-a'-na, La. 
 
 Maine, Me 
 
 Ma'-ry-land, MJ. . 
 
 Ind. 
 
 Ter 
 
 SQ. MILES, CAPITAL. CENSUS OF I9OO. 
 
 84,290 . . Boise' ^\t-^ (bwah-za') . 5,957 
 
 56,000 . . Spring'-ileld • • . 
 
 35,910 . . In-di-a-nap'-o-lis . 
 
 65,304 . . Tah'-le-quali . . . 
 
 55,470. . Des Moines' . . ... 
 
 81,700 . . To-pe'-ka ..."... 
 
 40,000 . . Frank'-fort 
 
 45,420 . . Bat/-6n Eonge (roozh) 
 
 33.056 . . 4u-gus'-ta 
 
 9,860 . . An-nap'-o-lis .... 
 
 34.159 
 
 169,164 
 
 1,482 
 
 62,139 
 
 33.608 
 
 9.487 
 11,269 
 11,683 
 
 8,402 
 
 LESSON 223. 
 States and Territories. 
 
 They love their land, because it is their own. 
 
 And scorn to give aught other reason wh.y.—HaUeck. 
 
 STATE OR TERRITORY. 
 
 Mas-sa-chu'-setts, Mass. 
 Mi§h'-i-gau, Mich. 
 Min-ne-so'-ta, Minn. 
 Mis-sis- sip'-pi, Miss. 
 Mig-son'-ri, Mo. . . 
 M6n-ta'-na, Mont. . 
 Ne-bras'-ka, iV;?^. • 
 Ne-va'-da, Nev. . . 
 New Hamp'-sMre, N. H. 
 New Jer'-sey, N. J. . . . 
 
 SQ. MILES. CAPITAL. CENSUS OF I9OO. 
 
 8,040 . . Bos'-ton 560,892 
 
 57,430 • • Lan'-sing 16,485 
 
 79,205 . . St. PauF 163,065 
 
 46,340 . . Jack'-s6n 7,816 
 
 68,735- . Jef'-fer-son git-y . . . . 9.664 
 
 145,310 . . Hel'-e-na 10,770 
 
 76,185 . . Lin'-€61n •. 40,169 
 
 109,740 . . -Car'-son ^it-y ...... 2,100 
 
 9,005 . . -Gon'-eord 19,632 
 
 7.455 • . Tren'-t6n 73.307 
 
 LESSON 224. 
 States and Territories. 
 
 Teach erring man to spurn the rage of gain 
 
 Teach him, that States, of native strenghth possessed. 
 
 Though very poor, may still be very blessed.— (JoW^w*^. 
 
 STATE OR TERRITORY. 
 
 New Mex'-i-eo Ter., N. Mex. Ter, 
 New York', N. Y. . . . . 
 Nortii -ear-o-ir-na, A^. C. 
 North Da-ko'-ta, N. Dak. 
 
 O-hi'-o, O 
 
 Ok la-ho'-ma, Okla. . . . 
 
 6r'-e-gon, Or 
 
 Penn-sj^l-va'-ni-a, Pa. . . 
 
 Rliode Isl' and, R. I. . , 
 Sonth -ear-o-li'-na, S. C, 
 
 SQ. MILES. 
 
 CAPITAL. 
 
 ( 
 
 CENSUS OF inoo. 
 
 122,000 . 
 
 .San-taFe' 5,603 
 
 47,620 . 
 
 .AF-ba-ny. . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 94.151 
 
 52,240 . 
 
 . Eal'-eigh . . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 13.643 
 
 75,000 . 
 
 . Bis'-mar^k . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,319 
 
 40,760 . 
 
 . -eo-lum'-biis . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 125,560 
 
 4,687 . 
 
 • Ontli'-rie. . ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 10,006 
 
 94,560 . 
 
 .Sa'-lem. . . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 4,258 
 
 44.985 • 
 
 . Har' ris-burg . 
 
 
 
 
 
 50,167 
 
 1,088 . 
 
 fProT'-i-denQe 
 • 1 New'-port . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 175,597 
 
 
 
 
 
 22,034 
 
 30,170 . 
 
 .€olum'-bi-a . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 21,108 
 
116 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 LESSON 225. 
 States and Territories. 
 
 What constitutes a State ? 
 
 Not high raised battlements or labored mound, 
 Not cities proud with spires and turrets crowned 
 No ; men, high-miuded men." 
 
 STATE OR TERRITORY. 
 
 South Da-ko'-ta, 5. Dak. 
 Ten-nes-seeS Tenn. . . . 
 
 T6x'-as, Tex 
 
 V'-iii\i,Uiah 
 
 Ter-mdnt/, Vt 
 
 Tir-gin'-i-a, Va 
 
 Wash'-ing-t6n, Wash. . . 
 W6st Yir-gin'-i-a, W. Va. 
 Wis-«6n'-sm, W^/>: . . . 
 Wy-o'-mingr, Wyo. . . . 
 
 SQ. MILES. 
 
 CAPITAL. CENSUS OF I9OO. 
 
 76,620 . 
 
 . Pierre (pe ar') 2,306 
 
 41,750 . 
 
 .Nash'-Yille . . . 
 
 
 
 
 . 80,865 
 
 265,780 . 
 
 . Aus'-tin 
 
 
 
 
 . 22,258 
 
 82,190 . 
 
 . Salt Lake git^t . 
 
 
 
 
 • 53,531 
 
 9.136 . 
 
 . Mdnt-pe'-lier . . 
 
 
 
 
 6,266 
 
 40,125 . 
 
 . Rich'-mond .... 
 
 
 
 
 85,050 
 
 66,880 . 
 
 . O-lj^m'-pi-a . . . 
 
 
 
 
 4,082 
 
 24,645 • 
 
 . Charles'-toii . . . 
 
 
 
 
 11,099 
 
 54,450 ' 
 
 - Mad'-i-son . . . 
 
 
 
 
 19,164 
 
 97,575 . 
 
 . ghey-enne' (shi-gn') 
 
 
 
 14,087 
 
 LESSON 226. 
 
 I^ARGKST CIXIHS OK XHK l^ORI^D. 
 
 There is such a difference between the pursuits of men in great cities that one part of the 
 inhabitants live to little other purpose than to wonder at the rest.— Johnson. 
 
 CITY. COUNTRY. POPULATION. 
 
 im'-ster-dam, Hol^-land 512,953 
 
 int'-werp, Bel'gi-um ^11,^1^ 
 
 Bang-kdk', Si-am^ (estimated) 250,000 
 
 Bar-5e-lo'-iia (or bar-tha-)» .... Spain 272,481 
 
 Bel-fast', Ire'-ldnd 255,950 
 
 Ber'-lin (or bgr'-leen), Prus'-si-a (prush'-l-a) 1,843,000 
 
 Bir'-ming-ham, Eng^-land (tng'-) 478,113 
 
 Bombay', In^-di-a 821,764 
 
 Bor-deaux' (-do'), Frange 256,906 
 
 Brad'-ford^ • • •, Eng'-land 216,361 
 
 Bres'-lau, Prus^-si-a , , . . 373,169 
 
 Brfis'-selg, BH'-gi-um , . . 561,130 
 
 Bu-€ha-r6st', Rou-md^-ni-a 232,000 
 
 Bn'-da-pgsth, Hun'-ga-ry 505,763 
 
 Bue'-ii6s iy'-res (l>6'-), Ar^-g^n-tine Ri-piib^-llc, S. A . . 663,854 
 
 €aI'-ro, E'-gypt 570,062 
 
 €al-€ilt'-t&, In'-di-a 861,764 
 
 Cftrls'-bad, Aus'-tri-a 12,000 
 
 •€aii-t6ii', ChV-na (estimated) 1,600,000 
 
 €o-logiie' (-Wn'), Ger'-ma-ny 321,564 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 117 
 
 LESSON 227. 
 L,ar8:est Cities of tlie TVorld. 
 
 "Trade's proud empire hastes to swift decay, 
 As ocean sweeps the labored mole away." 
 
 CITY. COUNTRY. POPtTLATION. 
 
 €5ii-staii-ti-no'-ple, Tur^-key 873,560 
 
 €o-pen-ha'-geii, Den^-mark 312,859 
 
 Dreg'-den, . Sdx^-o-ny 336,440 
 
 Bub'-lin, Ire^-ldnd 245,001 
 
 £d'-in-burgh (-bfir-ruh), Scof-land 264,796 
 
 Fo5-Choo', Cni'-na 636,000 
 
 €ren'-o-a, It^-a-ly 232.777 
 
 (5las'-gow, Scdt^-land 618,052 
 
 Ham'-burg, Ger^-ma-ny 625,552 
 
 Ha-van'-a, Cil^-ba . . . .' 200,000 
 
 Hei'-del-berg, Ger^-ma-ny 31,737 
 
 Ki-o'-to, Jd-pdn^ 353, i39 
 
 Li§'-b6n, Porf-u-gal 301,206 
 
 Lisle (leel), Frange 216,276 
 
 Liy'-er-po?)!, Eng^-land 517,980 
 
 Ldn'-ddn, Eng^-land 4,211,056 
 
 Lu€k'-now, In^-di-a 273,028 
 
 Ly'-on§, Frange 466,028 
 
 Mad-rid', Spain 470,283 
 
 Man'-ches-ter, Eng^-land 505.368 
 
 LESSON 228. 
 I^ari^est Cities of tlie ^W^orld. 
 
 The city is an epitome of the social world. All the belts of civilization intersect along its 
 avenues and it contains the products of every moral zone.— CAa/m. 
 
 CITY. COUNTRY. POPULATION. 
 
 Mar-seille§' (mar-salz')j Frange 442,239 
 
 Mel'-boiiriie, Aus-ird^-li-a 490,900 
 
 MiF-an or M-lan' It^-a-ly 481,297 
 
 M6s'-eow, Rus^-si-a {rush^-l-a) 988,614 
 
 Mu'-ni-eh, Ba-vd^-rt-a 407,307 
 
 Na'-ple§, It^-a-ly 540,393 
 
 Not'- ting-ham, Eng^-land . . 213,877 
 
 O-des'-sa, Rus^-si-a 405,041 
 
 Par'-is, Frange 2,536,834 
 
 Pe'-king or Pe-kin', ChV-na (estimated) 1,000,000 
 
 Rf-o Ja-nei'-ro, Bra-zil^ 522,651 
 
 Shang'-liai or Shang'-hi, Chi^na (estimated) 380,000 
 
 Shef'-fleld, Eng^-land 324,243 
 
118 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 CITY. COUNTRY. POPULATION. 
 
 St5«k'-holm, Swe^-den 295,789 
 
 St. Pe'-ter§-btlrg, Riis^-sl-a 1,267,023 
 
 Sj^d'-iiej^, Aus-tra^-ll-a 383,390 
 
 To'-ky-o, Jd-pdnf 1,452,564 
 
 Tu'-rin or Tu-rin', If-a-ly 355,800 
 
 Vi-en'-na, Aus-trV-a 1,364,548 
 
 War'-saw, Po^-ldnd 638,209 
 
 LESSON 229. 
 
 mOKXHS A9(D DAYS. 
 
 "A life of sober week days, with a solemn Sabbath at their close;" 
 
 Jau'-u-a-ry, Jan. 
 
 Feb'-ru-a-ry, Feb. 
 
 March, Mar. 
 
 i'-pril, Apr. 
 
 May, May. 
 
 June, June. 
 
 July', July. 
 
 Au'-gust, Aug. 
 
 Sep-tem'-ber, Sept. 
 
 5€-to'-ber, Oct. 
 
 No-yem'-ber, Nov. 
 
 De-§em'ber, Dec. 
 
 Sfin'-dajf, Sun. 
 
 M6n'-daf , Mon. 
 
 Tues'-daf , Tues. 
 
 Wednes'-daj^ (wenz'-djf), .... Wed. 
 
 Thurs'-daf , Thurs. 
 
 Fri'-daj^, Fri. 
 
 Sat'-ur-daJ^, Sat. 
 
 ■€hro-n5r-o-g:y, n. The science which 
 treats of measuring or computing 
 time by regular divisions or periods. 
 
 LESSON 230. 
 DICXAXIOI^ HXHRCISK. 
 
 Remorseless Time ! 
 Fierce spirit of the glass and scythe ! What power 
 Can stay him in his silent course, or melt 
 His iron heart to pity! On, still on, 
 He presses, and forever. The proud bird, 
 The condor of the Andes, that can soar 
 Through heaven's unfathomable depths, or brave 
 The fury of the northern hurricane. 
 And bathe his plumage in the thunder's home, 
 Furls his broad wing at nightfall, and sinks down 
 To rest upon his mountain crag ; but Time 
 Knows not the weight of sleep or weariness, 
 And Night's deep darkness has no chain to bind 
 His rushing pinion. 
 
 Time the tomb-builder, holds his fierce career. 
 Dark, stem, all pitiless, and pauses not 
 Amid the mighty wrecks that strew his path. 
 To sit and muse, like other conquerors. 
 Upon the fearful ruin he hath wrought.— (7^<?. D. Prentice. 
 
SPELLING AND DEFINING. 
 
 119 
 
 Account . . . acct., %. 
 
 Ad libitum (at pleas- 
 ure) ad lib. 
 
 Administrator . . Admr. 
 
 Administratrix . Admx. 
 
 Advertisement . . adv. 
 
 Afternoon {post me- 
 ridtejn) .... P. M. 
 
 Against {versus) v. or vs. 
 
 Agent Agt. 
 
 All correct . . . . O. K. 
 
 Alley Al. 
 
 American .... Amer. 
 
 Amount amt. 
 
 And others {et alu) et al. 
 
 Anno Domini (in the 
 year of our Lord) A. D. 
 
 Anonymous . . . anon. 
 
 Answer ans. 
 
 Arithmetic .... Arith. 
 
 Assistant Asst. 
 
 At or to (mercantile) 
 
 @, a. 
 
 Attorney Atty. 
 
 Avenue. . .Av. orAve. 
 
 Average av. 
 
 Bachelor of Arts . . 
 .... B. A. or A. B. 
 
 Bachelor of Laws LL. B. 
 
 Bachelor of Philoso- 
 phy Ph. B. 
 
 Balance bal. 
 
 Bank bk. 
 
 Barrel, barrels . . . 
 . bl., bis. 
 
 Before Christ . . . B. C. 
 
 Bill Book B. B. 
 
 Bills Payable . . B. Pay. 
 
 Bills Receivable B. Rec. 
 
 Borough . . Bor. or bor. 
 
 Bought bot. 
 
 Brigadier General . 
 Brig. Gen. 
 
 Brother, Brothers . 
 Bro., Bros. 
 
 Brought brot. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 Bushel .... bu., bush. 
 
 By the per. 
 
 By the year {per an- 
 num) per an. 
 
 Capital Cap. 
 
 Captain .... , . Capt. 
 
 Care of ?/o. 
 
 Cartage ctg. 
 
 Cash Book . . . . C. B. 
 
 Cashier Cash. 
 
 Cash on delivery C. O. D. 
 
 Cent, cents . . . ct., cts. 
 
 Chaplain Chap. 
 
 Charged chgd. 
 
 Check Ck. 
 
 Christmas .... Xmas. 
 
 Civil Engineer . . C. E. 
 
 Cleared eld. 
 
 Clerk Clk. 
 
 Collector Coll. 
 
 Colonel Col. 
 
 Commerce com. 
 
 Commercial . . . coml. 
 
 Commission .... Com. 
 
 Committee .... com. 
 
 Common Pleas . . C. P. 
 
 Company Co. 
 
 Congregational . . Cong. 
 
 Congress Cong. 
 
 Consignment . . . Const. 
 
 Comer cor. 
 
 Corresponding Sec- 
 retary .... Cor. Sec. 
 
 County Co. 
 
 Court House . . . C. H. 
 
 Credit, creditor . . . Cr. 
 
 Deacon Dea. 
 
 Debtor Dr. 
 
 Defendant .... Deft. 
 
 Department. . . . dept. 
 
 Discount . . dis. or disc. 
 
 District dist. 
 
 Ditto (the same) . . do. 
 
 Dividend div. 
 
 Doctor Dr. 
 
 Doctor of Dental 
 Surgery . . . D. D. S. 
 
 Doctor of Divinity D. D. 
 
 Doctor of Laws , LL. D. 
 
 Doctor of Medicine 
 ........ M. D. 
 
 Doctor of Philoso- 
 phy Ph. D. 
 
 Doctor of Science . D. S. 
 
 Dollar, dollars dol., dols. 
 
 Dozen doz. 
 
 Draft dft. 
 
 Drayage dray. 
 
 Each ea. 
 
 East E. 
 
 Errors and omissions 
 excepted . . E. & O. E. 
 
 Errors excepted . . E. E. 
 
 Esquire Esq. 
 
 Esquires Esqs. 
 
 Et cetera (and the 
 rest) etc. , &c. 
 
 Exchange .... exch. 
 
 Executive Commit- 
 tee .... Exec. Cora. 
 
 Expense ex'p. 
 
 Foot or feet ft. 
 
 Forenoon {ante me- 
 ridiem) A. M. 
 
 Forward ford. 
 
 Free on board . . f . o. b. 
 
 Freight frt. 
 
 Gallon gal. 
 
 General Gen. 
 
 God willing (Z>^^ vo- 
 lente) D. V. 
 
 Governor Gov. 
 
 Gross gro. 
 
 Guaranty Guar. 
 
 Half hlf. 
 
 Handkerchiefs . . hdkfs. 
 
 Head hd. 
 
 Hogshead hhd. 
 
 Honorable .... Hon. 
 
 Hour hr. 
 
ISO 
 
 BUSINESS SERIES. 
 
 Hundred hund. 
 
 Hundredweight . . cwt. 
 Id est (that is . . . i. e. 
 
 Inches in. 
 
 Incognito (unknown) 
 
 incog. 
 
 Insurance ins. 
 
 Interest int. 
 
 Inventory invt. 
 
 Invoice inv. 
 
 Invoice Book . . . I. B. 
 
 Island isl. 
 
 Jesus the Savior of 
 
 Men I. H. S. 
 
 Journal jour. 
 
 Journal Folio . . . J. F. 
 
 Junior Jr. 
 
 Justice of the Peace J. P. 
 
 Lake L- 
 
 Last month {ultimo) ult. 
 
 Ledger ledg. 
 
 Ledger Folio . . . L. F. 
 Lieutenant. . . . Lieut. 
 Lieutenant Colonel 
 
 Lt. Col. 
 
 Lieutenant General 
 
 , Lt. Gen. 
 
 Loss and Gain L. and G. 
 
 Madam Mad. 
 
 Madame (Fr.) . . Mme. 
 
 Major Maj. 
 
 Major General Maj. Gen. 
 Manufacturing . . mfg. 
 Manuscript 
 
 MS(pl.MSS.) 
 
 Measure meas. 
 
 Member of Congress 
 
 M. C. 
 
 Memorandum . . Mem. 
 Merchandise . . . radse. 
 Mesdames (Fr. pi.) 
 
 Mmes. 
 
 Messieurs (Fr. pi. Mr.) 
 
 Messrs. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal 
 
 M. E 
 
 Minute min. 
 
 Mister ..... Mr. 
 
 Mistress Mrs. 
 
 Month, months . . . 
 
 mo., mos. 
 
 Mortgage natg. 
 
 Mountain or Mount 
 
 . . . Mt. (pi. Mts.) 
 
 National Natl. 
 
 Net Gain N. G. 
 
 Net Proceeds . . . N. P. 
 Next month {proxi- 
 mo) prox. 
 
 Noon {meridiem) . . M. 
 
 North N. 
 
 Number, numbers . 
 no., nos. 
 
 Ounce oz. 
 
 Package P^g- 
 
 Pages pp. 
 
 Paid pd. 
 
 Pair pr. 
 
 Paymaster General . 
 P. M. G. 
 
 Payment ..... payt 
 
 Peck, pecks . . pk., pks. 
 
 Pennyweight . . . pwt. 
 
 Per cent (by the hun- 
 dred . . . % , per cent. 
 
 Pieces pes. 
 
 Pint, pints . . . pt., pts. 
 
 Place of Seal . . . L. S. 
 
 Plaintiff Pllf. 
 
 Postmaster . . . . P. M. 
 
 Post office P. O. 
 
 Postscript P. S. 
 
 Pound, pounds . lb., lbs. 
 
 Preferred pfd. 
 
 Premium prem. 
 
 Presbyterian . . . Presb. 
 
 President Pres. 
 
 Professor Prof. 
 
 Pro tempore (for the 
 time) .... pro tem. 
 
 Protestant Episcopal 
 P. E. 
 
 Quart, quarts. . qt., qts. 
 
 Quarter, quarters qr.,qrs. 
 
 Railroad R. R. 
 
 Railway Ry. 
 
 Receipt recpt. 
 
 Received . . . . „ reed. 
 
 Recording Secretary 
 Rec. Sec. 
 
 Returned retd. 
 
 Reverend Rev. 
 
 Right Honorable . . 
 Ri. Hon. 
 
 Right Reverend Rt. Rev. 
 
 River R. 
 
 Roman Catholic . . 
 Rom. Cath. 
 
 Sales Book . . . . S. B. 
 
 Schooner schr. 
 
 Second sec. 
 
 Secretary Sec. 
 
 Senior . . . . Sr. or Sen. 
 
 Shipment shipt. 
 
 Sight Draft . . st. dft. 
 
 South S. 
 
 Square sq. 
 
 Steamer Str. 
 
 Storage stor. 
 
 Street or Saint St. (pi Sts. ) 
 
 Sundries sunds. 
 
 Superintendent . . Supt. 
 
 Take Notice . . . N. B. 
 
 This month (instant) inst. 
 
 Thousand M. 
 
 Tonnage ton. 
 
 Township tp. 
 
 Transaction or 
 Transportation trans. 
 
 Trial Balance . . . T. B. 
 
 Vice President . V. Pres. 
 
 Videlicet (namely) . viz. 
 
 Village . . . Vil. or vil. 
 
 Volume vol. 
 
 Week wk. 
 
 Weight wt. 
 
 West W. 
 
 Without deduction . net 
 
 Yard, yards . . yd., yds. 
 
 Year, years . . yr., yrs. 
 
 Young Men's Chris- 
 tian Association . 
 Y. M. C. A. 
 
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 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY