UC-NRLF C 2 773 Mbfl THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESENTED BY PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID KONGL. SVENSKA VETENSKAPS-AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. Bandet 19. N:o 4. ON THE RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA BY WITH TWELVE PLATES. COMMUNICATED TO THE ROYAI, SWEDISH ACADKMY OF SCIENCES T1IK 9 OF MAY 1881. STOCKHOLM, 1882. KONOL. BOKTBYCKERIKT. P. A. NOILSTRDT & sr.\|:};. zxmong the Lesser Antilles steep banks slope down to considerable depths either di- rectly from the shores, or from the edges of the supporting basis, sunk plateaus of varying extent, usually in forty fathoms water. These banks exhibit within a limited area a remarkable diversity in the conditions offered to animal life, resulting chiefly from the rapid sinking of the temperature from the surface downwards. For, while the littoral zone enjoys an average temperature of + 26 C., the bottom at 30U fathoms has + 14 C., and at 600 fathoms the reading of the thermometer is not more than about + 5C. Thus within a very restricted space a bottom is found, which exhibits in great variety representatives of the different areas. Of course, these areas cannot be delined by exact boundary lines. Many of the inhabitants of the cold zone have their out- posts high up in the temperate regions and vice versa. The denizens of the warm zone however seem to confine themselves to a limited range not reaching lower than 100 fathoms. In profusion of animal life this zone equals or even surpasses localities in other seas which in this respect have become famous. Every spot is teeming with organisms, from masses of Corallines invading and destroying all the vacant shells and calcareous skeletons of every description, and transforming them into amorphous lumps and rocks, to the powerful reef-building Madreporaria with their associated forests of Alcyonaria, and their immense crowds of lodgers and parasites of Crustacea, Annelida, Mollusca, Echiriodermata and Protozoa. But it should be borne in mind, that the common dredge seldom affords proof of this abundance, which is hidden in the crevices and tunnels of hard, dead coral-stems and incrustations of Corallines. When however a more muddy and loose bottom is met with, the dredge often becomes choked to the jaws with masses of specimens, particularly clusters of byssiferous Mollusca: Area, Spondylus etc. sheltering an innumerable host of other Evertebrates. Already at from 90 to 150 fathoms a fauna begins to appear, the elements of which are different from those of the littoral zone. Here the kingdom of brightly co- loured Spongiaj displays its splendour of yellow, orange, red and brown, imparting to most of their cohabitants a higher glow than is generally acquired even in the zone above. This Spongia-zone is very narrow, often disappearing at 200 fathoms, sometimes earlier, particularly where the bottom slopes more gradually and affords more favourable conditions for the deposition of chalk-ooze, which appears in some way to prejudice the growth of the coloured Spongiaj. 4 GOES, KETICULAKIAN EHIZOPODA OF THE CAKIBBEAN SEA. The next and third zone may appropriately be designated as the region of Rhi- zopods, or the real chalk bottom, as nowhere else in this sea this class becomes more prevalent and conspicuous in high development of forms and abundance of spe- cimens than here. It usually commences at from 200 to 300 fathoms. Here many denizens of the deep cold area already present themselves, and it is very probable, that a painstaking and prolonged investigation even in this shallow water would bring to light most of the members of the abyssal fauna. The constituents of this bottom deposit are chiefly: 1. Very fine amorphous chalk-ooze together with fragments of various exuvisK in great abundance, forming the bulk of the deposit and causing it to be peculiarly heavy and tough. 2. A large quantity of small (0,2,5 mm.) ovoid-shaped bodies, whose surface is slightly impressed with coarse reticulation. These are composed of tightly compres- sed or agglutinated chalk-ooze and are of a darker gray hue than the rest of the ooze. Unquestionably they have been formed in the intestines of some lower organisms and represent in a small way the coprolites of the cretaceous strata. 3. Shells of pigmy and young reticularian Rhizopods presenting themselves in great quantity and belonging chiefly to Planorbulina, Pulvinulina, Textularia-formed Buliminaj, Orbiculina, Cornuspira, Miliolina etc. 4. Larger reticularian Rhizopods often in great abundance, chiefly Nodosarimu, Glo- bigerin*, Pulvinulime, Planorbulina 1 , Textulariaj, Amphistegina, Valvulimu and Lituolina?. 5. Exuviae of Molluscs of many descriptions, particularly of the pelagic Ptero- poda : Creseis, Hyalea, Cuvieria etc., besides a number of the inhabitants of the ooze. 6. Spongia-spicules, but in very limited quantity, as also a few skeletons of radiolarian Rhizopods and of Diatomaceaj; silicious substances being, in general, very scarce. There is also another sort of bottom with Rhizopods met with on the very decli- vities of the banks, where the deposit seemingly consists of an aggregation of dead corallines, calcareous skeletons and worms-nests, all transformed into rough masses and lumps resembling old hardened mortar and gravel. This bottom yields a quantity of shell-sand abounding in large and fine Rhizopods. A nearly similar formation, but on a more level bottom, was met with by Count DE POUKTALES oft Florida and was called after its eminent explorer Pourtales' Plateau (Report by L. AGASSIZ; Bullet. Mus. Harv. College I. p. 367). This kind of bottom I have provisionally distinguished as Co- ralline-gravel. The high development of the reticularian Rhizopods both on this bottom and in the real ooze is remarkable, not being surpassed even by the same forms which are so much admired in the cretaceous and tertiary strata. Nodosarina communis i)'OiU5. at- tains here a length of 20 mm.; Nod. complanata DEFU. the size of a small fingernail, while Orbiculina, Cornuspira and Miliolina, Discorbina, Pulvinulina attain a size far superior to those of the littoral zone. Textularia trockus D'OiiB. assumes a labyrinthic structure and becomes compressed nearly in the same way as a Cuneolina o'ORB. Large KONGL. SV. VET. AKADKMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 19. N:O 4. 5 bujenerine Textulariui associated with very large nodosarine Lituolince, Valvulincu and Uvigerinai present themselves in great abundance. The Nummulinidcu are represented by strongly developed Ampliistegince. Polymorpkina, Rotalina, Orbitolites, Operculina are strikingly absent; Polystomella is scanty and stunted. The want of silicious sand in the ooze may account for the fact, that aggluti- nating forms, which in other places generally construct their shells of such matter, on this sea-bed usually build them up of calcareous fragments. Some species seem to choose for their building-materials the finest mud, which imparts to the shell a fine grain and a certain degree of smoothness. As a substitute for silicious sand others again make use of available sponge-needles intermixing them with calcareous debris. Only a few forms succeed in conglutinating their shells entirely of silicious sand-grains. It is however somewhat surprising to meet with Lituolina- and Valvulina-forms constructed of such sand, and associated with them their nearest kindred or even the same species incased in calcareous sand and greatly differing in outward shape. This association on a bottom so deficient in silicious sand, and the apparently decided predilection for that material found among these silicious forms, as well as their difference in shape from their calcareous congeners, leave the systematist in some sus- pense as to the true relation that one set bears to the other. For the present 1 am inclined to consider their differences to be but of varietal importance. Some twenty years ago Professor v. REUSS assigned to the agglutinating reticu- larian Rhizopods a separate place in his system by establishing the suborder arenaceo- silicious. To this group were referred by its author both those genera the forms ot which are not invariably arenaceous, as Valvulina, Bulimina, Textularia, and those genera which are considered as constantly agglutinating, as Lituolina, Trochammina etc. Of these agglutinating genera Lituolina, Trochammina and Valvulina only were at the same period, or rather somewhat before, placed by CAUPENTEU in the arena- ceous sub-order, (Introduct. p. 140.) Thus the two authors differ widely as to the compass of this group. Besides, the German naturalist seems not to have recognised other agglutinating forms than silicious, whilst the English authors state that at least some forms of this sub-order construct their tests of foreign materials of any descrip- tion both silicious and calcareous, (CARP., Introd. p. 143; BRADY, Carbonif. and Perm. Foramf., Palajont. Soc. 30, p. 9.) The impropriety of splitting up such genera as Textularia, Bulimina etc. in order to get their agglutinating forms ranged within the silicious group, is manifest; and as an illustration of the impropriety of the character itself - - silicious - - may serve not only the Lituolitiaj and Valvulinuj just mentioned, from my own dredgings, but also the bigeneririe multiserial forms of Textularia, which all were referred to this sub- order by its author, but which often have been found calcareous. TERQUEM also states, that he met with Verneuilina from the Oolitic strata both of calcareous and of silicious construction. (Les Foramf. du Syst. oolit.; Bullet. Soc. hist. nat. Depar- teinent de la Moselle, 1868, 11, p. 39.) 6 GOES, RETICULARIAN RIIIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Consequently, since Prof. v. REUSS' definition of this group has proved to be mis- leading, the limitation of the arenaceous suborder laid down by the British natu- ralists, particularly by CARPENTER and BRADY, must provisionally be adopted as more or less consistent with nature. Still it should not be overlooked, that of late some few evidences have been adduced, which tend to weaken the confidence in the stability of those prominent characteristics, on which the two sub-orders: "are- naceous" and vitreous have been established. Thus, when a whole assemblage of arena- ceous species are met with, each assuming the identical shape with that of the corre- sponding form in the vitreous group, the suggestion is easy, that in as much as a species of Textularia or Bulirnina is considered likely to appear in the two conditions, the same sort of identity may also exist in other cases, where a similar kind of dimor- phism has been met with. A.t present science is acquainted with not a few forms amongst the vitreous group, which have their corresponding isomorphs within the are- naceous. Nodosarina, Globigerina, Rotalina, besides the forms just mentioned, afford a fair illustration of this isomorphism. It would therefore be but just to give some credit to the suggestions of several able observers, such as DAWSON 1 ), WALUCH 2 ) and SoLLAs 3 ), in regard to the near relation between and even the identity of many are- naceous and vitreous forms, which have been hitherto kept far asunder. Rash and unphilosophical differentiation of varieties, which have specific unity, as also generic distinctions based on trifling and not even constant characters, is an evil long complained of to descriptive biology in general, and, as to this class in parti- cular, the trespassing in this respect - - begun by the founder of systematic Rhixopo- dology and continued up to this very day has passed beyond the boundaries of logic and common sense. Those who have been engaged in the laborious task of throwing light upon the nomenclature of this class, may in many instances have been struck at finding their lists of synonyms swelled to hundreds by different names having been conferred on forms without even varietal distinction, founded upon quite accidental or individual diversity or on no differentiating characters whatever. In this way names have been heaped upon names for one and the same thing, rendering any attempt to arrange all those synonyms the most unrernunerative and time-wasting kind of scientific labour. Such proceedings, resulting from want of discernment and judiciousness, would, if not checked by careful and philosophical researches, produce perpetual confusion and ren- der any view of the generic and specific affinity between the forms obscure. In the midst of this rudis indigestaque moles of descriptive biology the scru- pulous and ingenious investigations of the eminent and well-known British naturalists: Professors W. C. WILLIAMSON, W. K. PARKER, W. B. CARPENTER and H. BRADY have established a good deal of clearness and systematic order, based on a thorough expe- 1 ) Foraraf. of St. Lawrence: Canad. Naturalist (n. s.) 5, p. 176; Au. M. N. H. (4) 7, p. 86. 2 ) Deep-sea researches on the Biology of Globigerina; Lond. 1876, pp. 62 et seq. 3 ) On the perforated character of the genus Webbina; Geol. Mag. dec. 2, 4 p. 105. (Those Webbina: seem to be irregular Planorbuliuse). KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:0 4. 7 rience of the value of the different characters afforded by this class. It has been ob- jected that the trinomial nomenclature introduced by some of these authors, accor- ding to which most of the forms are ranked as varieties under a few species, would involve some inconvenience in dealing with a systematic arrangement of the forms, and on this account it has been of late recommended to return to the method of D'()R- BIGNY, v. REUSS and others, which claims a separate designation of specific value for the slightest modification of characters even when accidental a method quite out of classical custom and not consistent with ontogenetic biology, the aim of which is to attain a delineation of the origin, descent and affinity of the forms, as true and na- tural as possible. With this end in view the true notion of species, that is to say certain eminent points or landmarks within the masses of modifications, should not be given up. The amount of difference between forms that warrants their establishment as species must always be liable to a more or less arbitrary determination; but it may reasonably be asked of careful observers, who cannot but be interested in keeping the system free from the encumbrance of overcrowding with insignificant distinctions, that they should use some discrimination in valuing the characters for specific distinction. If a model plan of arrangement for this and other classes of organisms were to be ventured on, it ought to take the shape of a somewhat regular network, where the nodes would indicate the species, the nearly equal amount of diversity between which and relation to one another would be marked by the converging and diver- ging internodes, while the more conspicuous varieties were to be placed on short lines radiating from the nodes. It would then be disturbing to ones sense of natural order, if a form of minor and inconstant divergence should be placed on a node. Thus I am fully convinced of the propriety of the plan introduced into de- scriptive biology by LINNJEUS and to a larger extent than ever re-established by those before mentioned English philosophers, considering it a most valuable and suggestive step forward. As for the varieties or modifications of minor deviation, the more conspicuous only should be designated in the usual Linnrcan way, and those which pre- sent merely an individual or accidental difference should not be allowed to become an encumbrance to the system, but mentioned only en passant. In a system founded on true morphological characters it must be quite improper to distinguish one stage of growth by one appellation and institute a new genus for another stage of the same species. Such names should be discarded as generic and used merely to indicate a certain plan of growth. As such illegitimate genera must be regarded: Clavulina, Bigenerina, Dimorpliina, Sagrina etc., as has been fully demon- strated by PARKER and JONES. As for the synonyms appended to most of the species in this paper, the list is so far incomplete as merely those created and used by D'ORBIGNY and his successors are referred to, while those of his predecessors, with a few exceptions, are passed over, their nomenclature having been so thoroughly treated of by the unsurpassed in- vestigations of PARKER and JONES, that, for the present at least, it lies beyond my purpose and even power again to review that part of Rhizopodology. Although in ar- 8 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. ranging these synonymic lists the shrewd and expert indications of those authors have in great measure been consulted, still a great deal of incorrectness and incomplete- ness may be found by further criticism, for if oftentimes it becomes almost impos- sible to identify stunted and deformed specimens of this class, it is a still more ar- duous task to recogni/e more or less defective delineations of them. Other designa- tions of species besides those represented by figures are not touched upon, as those which are merely recorded, usually lie beyond the limits of scientific jurisdiction. This review is intended to give a synopsis of the principal varieties and at the same time a statement of the range of their geographical and geological distribution. Not many years ago the Caribbean sea-bed was little more than a terra in- cognita to biological science. While staying for a few years in the Island of St. Bartholomew, one of the Lesser Antilles, I took the opportunity during 1866 and 1869 to make several dredging excursions. But being provided with only a very scanty and primitive equipment I was not able to explore greater depths than 400 fathoms. The principal stations were between St. Bartholomew and St. Eustatius; to the leeward of St. Martin and Angvilla; and windward off the eastern keys of the Virgin Islands. The bottom-deposit designated as Globigerina- or Chalk-oo/e was met with between 250 and 400 fathoms chiefly at the second station, the rough Coralline gravel at the first and third stations in 300 fathoms. In 1868 the United States began to extend their coast-survey into the Caribbean sea and on several occasions since have renewed their exploring expeditions on a large scale combined with researches on the fauna of the sea-bed. The beautiful results of these explorations, for which we are indebted chiefly to the unremitting exertions of the lamented eminent American naturalist Count de POURTA^ES, have been made known during the last decade principally through the Catalogue and Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, Cambridge Massachusetts. The Challenger's famous expedition has also largely contributed to our knowledge of these localities. My own more modest collections have been partly reviewed by Professor S. LOVEN, Professor G. LINDSTROM, Dr. A. LJUNGMAN and Professor G. O. SARS. The following are the more important papers dealing with this local fauna: 1870 71: Crustacea by W. STIMPSON: Bulletin Mus. cornpar. xool. Harvard Col- lege. 2. p. 109. 1871: Deep-sea Corals by DE POURTALES. Illustr. Catalogue Mus. compar. zool. Harvard College, N:o 4. Brachiopoda by W. H. I) ALT,: Bullet. Mus. compar. zool. Harv. Coll, 3. p. 1. Ophiuridea, by A. LJUNGMAN: Ofversigt af Kgl. Vet. Ak. Haridlirigar p. 615. Cumacea by G. 0. SARS, ibid. p. 803. Bryozoa by F. A. SMITT: Kgl. Vet. Ak. Handl. (n. s.) 10, N:o 11; 11, N:o 4. 1874: Etudes sur les Eckino'idees par S. LOVEN: Kgl. Vet. Ak. Handl. (n. s.) 11, No: 7. Echini, Crinoids, Corals by AL. AGASSIZ and DE POURTALES: Illustr. Catal. Mus. cornp. zool. Harv. Coll. N:o 8. 1. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEM1ENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. NIO 4. 9 1875: Ophiuridce, Astrophytidce by LYMAN. Illustr. Catalogue Mus. corapar. zool. Harvard College N:o 8. .'. 1876: Actinology of the Atlantic Ocean by G. LINDSTROM. Kgl. Vet. Ak. Hand- lingar (N. S.) 14, N:o 6. 1877: Hydroida by GEORGE ALLMAN: Mem. Mus. coinp. zool. Harvard Coll. 5, N:o 2. 1878: Echini by AGASSIZ, Corals and Crinoidece by POURTALES, Opkiuridce by LY- MAN : Bull. Mus. comp. zool. Harvard College 5, N:o 9. 1879: Hydroida by S. F. CLARKE: Bull. Mus. corap. zool. Harvard College 5, N:o 10. In 1868 Professor FR. A. SMITT and Dr. A. LJUNGMAN were fortunate enough to be authorized to accompany as naturalists His Swed. Majesty's ship Josephine on her cruise in the Atlantic. At several stations, particularly off the Azores, they succeeded, with their most simple apparatus and without steam, in touching the bottom with the dredge at from 700 to 900 fathoms. Their extensive collection incorporated with that of the State Museum at Stockholm contains a great many interesting and highly developed Reticularian Rhizopods. I have availed myself of this collection in studying the Ca- ribbean forms. To acknowledge my great obligations to a few gentlemen for their assistance in the preparation of this paper is to me only a pleasant duty. To Professor S. LOVEN I am greatly indebted for the liberality, with which he placed the collections of the State Museum at my disposal for examination as also for his generous, instructive and encouraging support throughout the course of the work. Thanks to the able and disinterested painstaking of my esteemed friend Professor G. LINDSTROM I have obtained ample information concerning much of the multifarious and scattered literature on the subject. To my learned and sensible friend J. A. AHLSTRAND, Gustos of the library of the Royal Academy of Sciences, it is but due that I should render thanks for his obliging and unwearied assistance in amply furnishing me with such papers and books as were required. K. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band. 19. N:o 4. 10 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CAUIBBEANSEA . L a g e n ae are but scantily represented on our localities. As the more remarkable forms I have noted : L. laevis MONTAG. (L. vulgaris WILL.) appears in two forms, one highly developed with a long neck, and another stunted, starved and with a short neck or with a thick- edged mouth, nearly without neck; such pigmy forms are often somewhat compressed and sometimes two-chambered; L. laevis var. desmophora RYM. JONES (Java deep-sea Lagenae; Trans. Lin. Soc. 30, p. 54, t. 19, figg. 23 24). Our form differs in having the chain-like ornamentation wound in a whole spiral from the bottom to the middle of the neck; the Java speci- mens being furnished with several longitudinal garlands or chains. It is one of the finest forms, well developed, but very scarce, from the ooze; L. laevis var. marginata WALK & JAC; it is of the same shape as Entosolenia margi- nata var. lagenoides WILL. (Brit. rec. Formf. p. 11, fig. 25), L. lagenoides Rss. (Lage- noid: Wien. Ak. S. Ber. 1. 46, p. 324, t. 2, figg. 27 28) arid L. vulgaris var. alato- marginata RYM. JONES (loc. cit. p. 60, t. 19, fig. 44); it occurs in the ooze, scarce and in a pigmy state; L. laevis var. tetragona PARK. & JONES (Phil. Trans. 155, 1. t. 18, fig. 14), pretty well developed, but scantily represented in the ooze. L. squamosa MONTAG., scarce and starved. L. distoma polita PARK. & JONES (N. Atl. and Arct. Oc. ; Phil. Trans. 155, I. p. 357, t. 13, fig. 21). It may be considered as a variety of L. Ia3vis; is found in the ooze well developed but scarce; The insignificant part that the Lagenae seem to take in the formation of the chalk- ooze and our scanty supply of specimens may sufficiently excuse my passing over their synonymy, for which, in amplissima forma, I refer the student to Messrs PARKERS', JONES' and BRADY'S admirable treatise on the Crag-Foraminifera (Palaeont. Soc. 19). Nodosarina radlcula LIN. Tab. I, fig. 12. If Nod. radicula L. and Nod. scalaris BATSCH, both having the same simple plan of growth their chief difference being the smoothness or striation of the shell are to be considered as the original types of this genus, two series of forms would be derived from them. Each of these series would then comprise: KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLJNGAR. BAND. 19. N:0 4. 11 I . u Nodosarina type = apertura rotundata, testa recta, teres vel subteres, cameris in seriem dispositis: Nod. radicula LIN. + Nod. scalaris BATSCH. '2. a Dentalina type = apertura rotunda, testa arcuata, teres, cameris in seriem dispo- sitis: Nod. communis D'()RB. + Nod. obliqua LIN. 3. a Orthocerina type (Rhabdogonium Rss.) apertura rotundata, testa tri-tetragona: Nod. quadrilatera D'ORB. + 0. 4. a Vaginulina type = apertura rotundata, testa plus minusve compressa, plerumque ar- cuata, cameris in seriem plerumque dispositis: Nod. legumen LIN. + Nod. linearis MONT. 5. a Cristellaria type = apertura rotundata vel trigona, testa plus minusve helicoidea: Nod. calcar LIN. + Nod. costata FICHT. & MOLL. 6. a Glandulina type -- apertura rotundata, testa recta, teres, cameris equitantibus vel amplectentibus : Nod. Isevigata D'ORB. f Nod. glans D'OuB. 7. a Frondicularia type = apertura plerumque rotundata, testa compressa, cameris equi- tantibus: Nod. complanata DEFK. + Nod. striata D'ORB. 8. a Lingulina type = apertura rimceformis, testa plerumque recta, compressa, cameris in seriem plerumque dispositis: Nod. (Lingulina) carinata D'ORB. + Nod. (Lingulina) costata D ORB. Such would be a sketch of this genus in a systematic and descriptive sense. But we must be prepared to find, that this mode of arrangement answers but imper- fectly to the natural order of things, for between each of these 15 16 species or types we shall meet with a host of varieties and intermediate forms. For their place in the system many of these depend mostly on the tact and discrimination of the syste- matist. The list of synonyms is a fair exhibition of the links, which exist between the typical species. In the same way we meet with intermediate links between the smooth species and the corresponding striated ones of both series. And we shall therefore get into no less embarassment, if we look out for specific characters in the condition of the surface of the shell. For every species of the sedans-series will sometimes be found to loose its ornamentation by age, the later chambers becoming smooth (= itsemistriatCBn, semi- nudce); or the chambers are only partially marked with ribs and lines ( mntermit- tentes*) or very sligthly striated (= sublaives). It is for this reason more consistent with the usual conception of species, and also more agreeing with a philosophical and less confusing method of arrangement, after all, to consider the striated and ribbed Nodosaringe as too closely allied with their corresponding smooth forms for to rank them as distinct species. In this respect we readily accept the method followed by Professor WILLIAMSON in his classical treatise 0n the recent Foraminifera of Great Britain*. Between Nod. radicula LIN. and Nod. monile SOLD, there seems at the first glance to be a wide interval of difference and yet it will be found impossible to claim for the latter the rank of species. Neither can N. radicula be well distinguished from Nod. 12 GOES, RETICULAUIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. (Glandulina) Iceviqata D'()RB., nor from Nod. (Lingulina) carinata n'OnB. We meet also with the strongest affinities to Nod. (Dentalina) communis o'ORB., Nod. legumen LIN. och Nod. (Cristdlaria) crepidula FIGHT. & MOLL. Some forms of Frondicularia (= Nodos. complanata DEFR.), which have been des- cribed as such, are but slightly compressed varieties of Nod. radicula. Nod. semistriata D'()RB. shows its near relation to Nod. scalaris. Our form is not commonly met with in the chalk-ooze; the pigmy form is not seldom more or less compressed. Fig. 1 : The typical form of N. radicula LIN. or Nod. liumilis ROM. It is a pigmy form, not common in the chalk-ooze. 1 b: The same more magnified. Fig. 2: has enclosed narrow necks, which are transversely rippled, showing its affinity to N. scalaris. Were it not for its smooth surface and stout growth, it would have been placed with the latter. Syn. KTautilius radicula MONTAGU 1803, Test. Britann. p. 197, t. 6, fig. 4. Nodosaria humilis EOEM. 1841, Verstein. nordd. Kreidegebirg. p. 95, t. 15, f. 6. JONES & PARKER I860, For. fr. Chellaston; Quart. Journ. geol. Soc. 16, p. 453, t. 19, f. 6. aspera Ess. 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 26, t. 13, figg. 14 15 (spinosa). conferta Ess. ibid. p. 26, t. 13, f. 10. radicula PARKER & JONES 1865, Northatl. and Arct. Oceans; Phil. Transact. 155, 1, p. 341, t. 13, figg. 27. radicula var. Jonesi BRADY 1866, Carbon, and Perm. Foram.; Pal. Society 30, p. 126, t. 10, fig. 13. Glandulina mutabilis Ess. 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault, Wien. Ak. Sitz. Ber. 1, 46, p. 58, t. 5, figg. 711. aperta STACHE 1865, Tert. Mergel d. Whaingaroa Haf; Nov. Eeise, geol. 1, 2. p. 188, t. 22, fig. 11. erecta STACHE ibid. p. 189, t. 22, fig. 12. immutabilis SCHWAG. 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein Jhresheft. 21, p. 114, t. 4. figg. 1314, 18. cylindrica ALTH, 1849, Urageb. Lemberg, Haid. Nat. Abh. 3. 2, p. 271, t. 13, fig. 30. discreta Ess. 1849, neue For. Osterr. tert. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 366, t. 46, fig. 3. cylindracea Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreidef. 1, p. 25, t. 13, figg. 12; 1850, Kreidemerg. Leraberg: Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 23, t. 1, fig. 5. Nodosaria Kingi EICHT., 1861, Geinitz' Dyas, p. 121, t. 20, fig. 29. radicula var. Kingi BRADY, 1876, Carbonif. and Perm, foramf.; Pal. Soc. 30, t. 10, fig. 12. Vaginulina clavata COSTA, 1855, Marna terz. Messina, Mem. Nap. 2, p. 145, t. 2, fig. 18. Nodosaria subulata Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreidef. 1, p. 26, t. 13, fig. 11. clava CORNUEL, 1848, nouv. foss. microscop.; Mem. Soc. geol. France (2) 3, p. 250, t. 1, figg. 1617. Kirkbyi EIGHT. 1861, Geinitz' Dyas p. 121, t. 20, fig. 30. Kirkbyi SCHMID 1867, Kleine organische Form. Zechsteinkalk d. Sellers Wetterau; Leonh. und Bronn Jhb. 1867, p. 586, t. 6, fig. 55. radicula var. Kirkbyi BRAD., 1876, Carbonif. and Perm, foramf.; Pal. Soc. 30, p. 126, t. 10, fig. 11. oblonga COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 13, fig. 13. (N. communi propinqua). Naumanni Ess., 1873, Geinitz' Elbthal. Geb. Sachsen. 2, p. 82, t. II. 20, fig. 11. radicula BRAD. 1876, Garb, and Perm, foram.; Pal. Society 30, p. 124, t. 10, figg. 7 10. Geinitzi Ess. 1851 53, Jahresb. Wetterau Gesellsch. 1, p. 77, fig. 12. EICHT., Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. 1855, 7, p. 532, t. 26, fig. 26 EICHT. 1861, Geinitz' Dyas p. 121, t. 20, fig. 28. KONGL SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:0 4. 13 Syn. Nodosaria radicula var. Geinitzi BRADY, 1876, Garb, and Perm, foraraf., Pal. Soc. 30, p. 124, t. 10, fig. 6. Neugeboreni HANTK., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. t. 2, fig. 5. pupa KARRER 1878, Fornm. Luzon; Bolet. Corais. Mapa geol. Esp. 7. 2, p. 16, t. E, fig. 9. Dent, subrecta, Nod. lepida, concinna REUSS, 1859, Westph. Kr. ; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 182, t. 1, figg. 10, 2, 3. Glandulina elongata REUSS, 1859, VVestph. Kr., ibid. p. 190, t. 4, fig. 2. elegans, Reussi, Nod. incerta, Nod. Beyrichi, Nod. ambigua NEUGEB., For. Stich- ost. Ob. Lapugy; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1, 12, 2, t. 1, figg. 511, figg. 13-16. Nodosaria tornata Scuw., 1866, For. Kar-Nikobar; Nov. Eeise, geol. 2, 2, p. 223, t. 5, fig. 51. insolita Scuw., ibid. p. 230, t. 6, fig. 63. glandigena SCHW., ibid. p. 219, t. 5, fig. 46. tuberosa SCHW., 1863, Jurass. Soh.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrshft. 21, p. 97, t. 4, fig. 19. Glandulina pupiformis GUMB. 1869, For. Cassian-Raibler Seh.; Osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Jhb. 19, p. 177, t. 5, figg. 78. Lingulina intumescens GUMB., ibid. p. 182, t. 6, fig. 27. Nodosaria radicula JONES & PARK. 1860, For. fr. Chellaston; Quart. Journ. geol. Soc. 16, p. 453, t. 19, figg. 15. Dent. spec, indet. HANTK., For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 34, t. 12, fig. 18. Nodosaria cylindracea, N. clava COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 146, 147, t. 12, figg. 12 14; t. 13, figg. 6, 7. Dentalina Leubeana GUMB., 1871, Ulmer Cem. Merg; Munch. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1, p. 64, t. 1, fig. 5. Nodosaria marginata MARSS., 1877, Rug. Schreibekr.; Greifsw. Nat. Verein. Mittheil. 1877 78, p. 126, t. 1, fig. 5. Lingulina rimosa STACHE, 1865, tert. Mergel. Whaingar. Haf.; Novara Reise, geol. 1. 2, p. 192, t. 22, fig. 16. Gland, ineequalis, candela EGG., 1857, Mioc. Ortenburg; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1857, p. 304, 305, t. 15, fig. 26-27; 2829. b) in Nodosarinam Irevigatam (Glaudulinam) D'OHB. transgrediens: Glandulina strobilus Rss., 1865, Sept. Thon. ; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25, p. 136, t. 2, fig. 24. .. parallela MARSS., 1877, Rug. Schreibekr.; Greifsw. Nat. Verein. Mitth. 1877 78, p. 124, t. 1, fig. 4. .. nummularia GUMB., 1868, Norclalp. Eoc.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. 1, 10. 2, p. 628, t. 1, fig. 50. pigmsea SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jahresh. 21, p. 115, t. 4, fig. 12. subconica ALTH., 1849, Umgeb. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 3. 2, p. 270, t. 13, fig. 32. manifesta Rss., 1850, Kreidem. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abb. 4. i, p. 23, t. 1, fig. 4. elliptica Rss., 1863, Sept. Thon. Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 47, t. 3, fig. 2931. sequalis Rss., 1863, ibid. p. 48, t. 3, fig. 28; Steinsalzablag. Wieliczka, Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 83, t. 3, fig. 4. gracilis Rss., 1865, deut. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. 1, p. 137, t. 2, figg. 25-27. oblonga COSTA, 1855, Mania terz. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 141, t. 2, fig. 1. discreta Rss., 1849, neue For. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 366, t. 46, fig. 3. discreta HANTK., 1775, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 4, t. 13, fig. 16. solita SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar-Nikob.; Nov. Reise, geol. 2. 2, p. 237, t. 6, fig. 78. u Haidingerana, mammilla, incisa, Isevigata NEUGEB., 1852, 1856, Siebenbiirg. Verein. Mittheil. 185052, t. 1, figg. 2, 3, 7; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 67, t. 1, figg. 3-4. 14 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. c) in Nodosarinam carinatam (Lingulinam) transiens: Syn. Lingulina rotundata D'ORB., 1846, Bass. tert. Vienne, p. 61, t. 2, figg. 48 51 (Lituoliuse similis). nodosaria Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 59, t. 5, fig. 12. tuberosa GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eoc. ; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 629, t. 1, fig. 52. papillosa NEUGEB., 18,56, For. Stichosteg. Ob. Lapug.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 97, t. 5, fig. 6. bohemica Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreidef. 2, p. 108, t. 43, fig. 10. ovalis SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhft. 21, p. 116, t. 4, figg. 2124. elisa SCHWAG., ibid. p. 115, t. 4, fig. 20. propinqua STACHE, 1865, tert. Merg. Whaingar. Haf.; Nov. Reise, geol. 1. 2. p. 191, t. 22, fig. 15. d) in Nodosarinam complanatam (Frondiculariam) transiens: Frondicularia peregrina Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 2. p. 108, t. 24, fig. 45. bicuspidataRss., ibid. 1. p. 32, t. 13, fig.. 46. pupa D'ORB., 1826, Tab. raeth., Acail. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 256, N:o 4. digitata D'ORB., ibid. p. 256, N-.o 6. venusta NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stichost. Ob. Lapug.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 94, t. 5, fig. 5. Isevis MARSS., 1876, Rug. Schreibekr.; Greifsw. Nat. Verein. Mitth. 1877 78, p. 136, t. 2, fig. 16. Stachei KARR., 1870, Kreide. Leitzerdorf; Oesterr. geol. Reichsanst. Jhb. 20, t. 11, fig. 2. spathulata BRAD., 1879, Notes on Ret. Rhizop.; Qu. Journ. Micr. Sc. (n. Ser.) 75, p. 270, t. 8, figg. 5 a - b. Appendix. Forma Rhabdogonii sive 0rthocerinae RETJSS, D'ORB. Rhabdogon. acutangulum, articulatum, insigne, Strombecki, Martens! Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 55, 56; t. 4, fig. 14; t. 5, figg. 14. excavatum Rss., ibid. p. 91; t. 12, fig. 8. Romeri, anomalum Rss., 1859, Westph. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 201, t. 6, fig. 7, t. 7, fig. 1. debile GUMB., 1871, Ulm. Cem. Merg.; Miinch. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. i, p. 66, t. 1, fig. 8. budense HANTK., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 42, t. 13, fig. 12. Triplasia Murchisonii Rss., 1854, Kreide Ostalp.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 7, t. 25, rigg. 1 3. Rhabdogon. minutum Rss., 1867, Steinsalzablag. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 84, t. 5, figg. 45. hseringense GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eoc.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 631, t. 1, fig. 55. Orthocerina quadrilatera D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 18, t. 1, figg. 11 12; Bass. tert. Vienne p, 41, t. 21, figg. 34. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:0 4. 15 Nodosarina radicula LIN. var. monile SOLD. Tab, I, tig. 37. The shape of the chambers varies from globular and ovoid to cylindrical, some- times produced and extenuated nearly to the same diameter as the necks. In such cases the limits of them and the chambers become nearly effaced and the shell be- comes cane-shaped with slight impressions at the joints. By some intermediate varieties, on which many names have been bestowed by different authors as Nod. limbata D'()RB., Nod. insecta SCHWAO., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar; Novara Eeise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 224, figg. 5354. morale HAGENOW, 1842, Eiigens Kreideverst.; Leonh. u. Bronns, Jhrb. 1842, p. 568. Dentalina monile ALTH, 1849, Umgeb. Lembergs; Haid. Nat. Abh. 3. 2, p. 269, t. 13, fig. 28. Nod. granitocalcarea, pycnostyla GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 613, t 1, figg. 1920. Dentalina piluligera SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Schicht.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 21, p. 107, t. 3, figg. 1415. dolioligera SCHWAG., 1863, ibid. p. 109, t. 3, figg. 26, 32. Nodosaria anomala Ess., 1865, deutsch. Septarienthon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. \, p. 129, t. 1, figg. 20-22. grandis Ess., 1865, ibid. p. 131, t. 1, figg. 2628. culminiformis GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. 1. 10. 2, p. 614, t. 1, fig. 23. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAK. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 17 acus Syn. Nodosaria conferta SCHMID, Zechsteinkalk von Selters Wetterau, Leonh. u. Bronn., Jhrb. 1867, p. 585, t. 6, fig. 49. radicula var. conferta BRAD., 1876, Cavbouif. a. Perm. For.; Pal. Soc. 30, p. 126, t. 10, fig. 14. citriformis SCHMID, 1. cit. p. 586, t. 6, figg. 52 53. radicula var. citriformis BRAD., 1876, ]. c. p. 126, t. 10, fig. 16, ovalis SCHMID, 1. cit., p. 585, t. 6, figg. 50 51. radicula var. ovalis BRAD., 1876, ]. cit. p. 126, t. 10, fig. 14. duplicans RICHT., 1861, Geinitz' Dyas, p. 120, t. 20, fig. 26. tumoscons EHRENB., 1854, Microg., t. 24, fig. 7. EHRENB., ibid., t. 32, fig. 3; N. Isevis, subulata, turgescens EHRENB., ibid., t. 25, figg. 4, 5, 6. MONTAGU, 1808, Testae. Brit. Suppl., p. 86, t. 19, fig. 5. BORNEM., 1855, Septarienthon. Hermsdorf; Ztschr. deutscli. geol. Ges. 7, p. 324, t. 13, fig. 5. D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth., Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 253, N:o 14. D'ORB., 1826, ibid. p. 252, N:o 6. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 140, t. 16, fig. 3; t. 12, fig. 25 sup. COSTA, 1855, Marna terz. Messina, Mem. Nap. 2, t. 1, figg. 15, 19, 20. EEUSS, 1863, Septarienthon. Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 46, t. 3, fig. 27 (spinescens). NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stiehost. Ob. Lapug.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 81, t. 2, fig. 10. GUMB., 1869, For. etc. Cassian und Eaibler Sch.; Osterr. geol. Reichs- anst. Jhrb. 19, p. 177, t. 5, fig. 16. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 161, t. 13, fig. 19. Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 27, t. 13, figg. 19 20; 1850, Kreidem. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. 1, p. 25, t. 1, fig. 10. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 145, t. 16, fig. 6 (hispida). STACHB, 1865, tert. Mergel Whaingar. Hafen, Novara Reise, geol. Theil, 1. 2, p. 202, t. 22, fig. 27. Rss., 1850, Kreidemergel Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. I, p. 25, t. 1, fig. 11. COSTA, 1855, For. Marna blu d. Vatieano; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 117, t. 1, fig. 3. D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 252, N:o 11. D'ORB., 1839, Craie blanche Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. (1) 4, t. 1, fig. 1. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 136, t. 12,- fig. 25 (inf.). STACHE, 1865, tert. Mergel d. Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 194, t. 22, fig. 19. pumilis, N. Kressenbergensis GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 608, t. 1, figg. 1112. ovularis COSTA, 1855, Marna tert. Messina, Mem. Nap. 2, p. 141, t. 1, figg. 8 9. spec, indet. COSTA, 1855, ibid. t. 1, fig. 11. Glandulina cylindracea Rss., 1859, Westph. Kreidef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 190, t. 4, fig. 1. Dentalina abbreviata NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stich. Felso Lapug.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 86. t. 3, fig. 18. REUSS, 1863, Sept Thon. Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.48, p. 43, t. 2. fig. 13. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 27, figg. 67. SCIIWAC., 1866, For. Kar-Nikob.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 214, t. 5, fig. 33. GUMB., 1868, For. Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 610, t. 1, fig. 13. GUMB., 1868, ibid. p. 614, t. 1, fig. 22; N. resupinata GUMB., ibid. t. 1, fig. 24. EHUENB., 1854, Microgeol., t. 19, fig. 81. Rss., 1859, Westph. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 209, t. 7, fig. 7. HKEN., 1875, For. Clavul. Szab. Sch., p. 39, t. 13, fig. 9 (Nod. communem approximans). 3 Nautilus spinulosus Dentalina spinescens Nodosaria flliformis ovicula antennula spec, indet. Dentalina retrorsa globuligera Cassiana Nodosaria deformis oligostegia dubiosa Dentalina Lilli Nodosaria gramen interrupta limbata antipodum Nodosaria adspersa subinflata maculata alpigena Plurli Margin. monile armata Dentalina setosa K. Vet. Akail. Hnndl. 13. 19. N:o 4. 18 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. Nodosaria conspurcata Rss., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Xeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. 3, p. 59, t. 3, fig. 3; 1863, Sept. Thon v. Offenbach, Wieu. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 43, t. 2, figg. 1012. setosa SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar-Nikob.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 218, t. 5, fig. 40. triloculata KARR., 1867, For fauna Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 367, t. 3, fig. 9. holosericea SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar-Nikob.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 221, t. 5, fig. 49. aculcata D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vicnne, p. 35, t. 1, figg. 26 27. verruculosa NEUGEB., 1852, For. Stich. Felso Lapug.; Siebenbiirg. Ver. Mittheil. 1852, t. 1, fig. 43. Nodosaria soluta b) magis constricta vel stipitata: Dentalina soluta Rss., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. 3, p. 60, t. 3, fig. 4. STACHE, 1865, tert. Mergel Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 203, t. 22, fig. 29. HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 29, t. 3, figg. 2, 14. Rss., 1866, For. deutsch. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. 1, p. 131. t. 2, figg. 48. BOKNEMAN, 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorff; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. 7, p. 322, t. 12, fig. 12. appendiculata COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 142, t. 12, fig. 22. Fichteliana, asperula, NEUGEB., 1852, For. Felso Lapugy; Siebenb. Verein. Mittheil. 1852, t. 1, figg, 3941. D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth., Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 253, N:o 13. Rss., 1860, Crag. Antwerp.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 42, p. 356, t. 1, fig. 6. (N. communini propinqua.) D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Viennes p. 33, t. 1, figg. 1719. EHRENB., 1854, Microgeol., t. 24, fig. 6. D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth., Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 252, N:o 7. D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 50, t. 2, figg. 1617. Nodosaria siphouostoma Rss., 1867, Steinsalzablager. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 81, t. 3, fig. 3. COSTA, 1855, Marna terz. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, t. 1, fig. 14 ct 30. SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar-Nikob.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 210, t. 5, figg. 27 28 (spinescens). D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 35, t. 1, figg. 2425. COSTA, 1854, Marna terz. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 140, t. 1, fig. 10; Pal. Nap., p. 151, t. 11, figg. 2740 (partira). D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 33, t. 1, figg. 1516. Rss., 1849, Neue Foramf. Osterreich. tert. Becken; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 366, t. 46, fig. 4; Sept. Thon Kreuznach, Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 65, t. 7, fig. 88. D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 34, t. 1, figg. 20 23 (cameris semi- lineatis). Rss., 1859, Westph. Kreidef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 188, t. 3, fig. 4. WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. For. p. 17, fig. 39. SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikob.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 217, t. 5, fig. 38. intertenuata SCHWAG., 1866, ibid. p. 226, t. 6, fig. 58. resupinata, hectica GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eociin.; K. Bayr. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 615, t. 1, figg. 2425. dacrydium Rss., 1865, deutsch. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25, p. 128, t. 1, figg. 1314. pyrula Dentalina peregrina Nodosaria rudis monile hirsuta Dentalina floseula spec, indet. lepidula hispida Mari;u stipitata semirugosa Dentalina oxpansa Nodosaria pyrula KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS IIANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 11) Syn. Dentalina spec, indet. STACHE, Mergel d. Whaingar. Hal'en; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 204, t. 22, fig. 30. Nodosaria recta SCHWAG., 1866, ibid. 2. 2, p. 216, t. 5, fig. 35. inversa, Haueriana, lagenifera. Bruckenthaliana, Orbignyana NEUGEB., 1852, For. Felso Lapugy; Siebenbiirg. Vcrein. Mittheil. 1852, t. 1, figg. 5 15. Lagena ulmorisis GUMB., 1871, Ulmer Cement. Mergel, Munch. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1, p. 65, t. 1, fig- 7. Nodosaria Czizechiana, Haidingeriana, Bronniana, Bielziana NEUGEB., 1. cit. t. 1, figg. 30 37 (ad a potius pertinet). Dentalina verticalis STACHE, 1865, tert. Mergel Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 202, t. 22, fig. 28 (ad >,a potius pertinent). Dentalina Benningseni lisa., 1863, Sept. Thon Offenbach, Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 44, t. 2, fig. 14. Nodosaria pygmsea Rss., deut. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. 1, p. 133, t. 2, fig. 9. Knihnitziana KAKK., 1877, Hochquell-Wasserleit; Osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 379, t. 16, fig. 22. c) culmit'ormis: Nodosaria longiscata B'OiiB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 32, t. 1, figg. 10 12. arundinea SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikob.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 211, t. 5, figg. 4345. irregularis D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vieuno, p. 32, t. 1, figg. 13 14. Buchiana, Ackneriana, Romeriana, nodifera, capillaris, exilis, gracilis, clavi- formis NEUGEB., 1852, Sicbenb. Verein. Mittheil. 1852, t. 1, figg. 1629, fig. 38. exilis Rss., 1865, deutsch. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. 1, p. 130, t. 2, fig. 17. spec, indet. COSTA, 1855, Marn. terz. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, t. 1, figg. 25 26; ibid. t. 2, fig. 10. Ewaldi Rss., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. 3, p. 58, t. 3, fig. 2; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. 1, p. 129, t. 2, fig. 18. BORNEMANN, 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorff; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 321, t. 12, fig. 10. gracillima COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 16, fig. 22. tympaniplectriformis SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikob.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 215, t. 5, fig. 34. polystoma SCHWAG., N. exilis SCHWAG., ibid. p. 217, 223, t. 5, figg. 39, 52 (a ap- proximatse). .. myrmecoides COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 160, t. 13, fig. 18. marsupifera, Nod. tornata, Dent. spec, indet. SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch ; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrshft. 21, p. 96112; t. 2, fig. 9; tt. 3. 4, figg. 27, 7. 9; t. 4, figg. 2 5 (ad a potius pertinent). culmen COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 158, t. 13, fig. 15. Dentalina rudiuscula COSTA, ibid., p. 170, t. 12, fig. 13. Nodosaria eannaeformis Rss., 1860, For. Diiigel. Westphal. (miocan.); Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 42, p. 364, t. 1, fig. 2. siphunculus COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 143, t. 12, fig. 11. internodifera GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. 1. 10. 2, p. 611, t. 1, fig. 15. \ d) in Nod. commuuem tr an si ens: Dentalina acuticauda GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. 1. 10. 2, p. 624, t. 1, fig. 40. gliricauda GUMB., ibid. p. 624, t. 1, fig. 41. globulicauda GUMB., ibid. p. 623, t. 1, fig. 38. annulifora GUMB., ibid. p. 614, t. 1, fig. 21. Nodosaria monile Dentalina spinescens globifera permiana laxa Nodosaria distorta I lisp id a alternans Dentalina pauperata 20 GOES, KETICULAKIAN EHIZOPODA OJ? THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. Dentalina annulata Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide, p. 27, t. 13, fig. 21; t. 8, tig;;. 4 et 07. ALTH., 1849, Umgeb. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 3. 2, p. 269, t. 13, fig. 29. Nodosaria scabriuscula COST., 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 140, t. 16, fig. 1. Dentalina scabra REUSS., 1849, Neue For. osterr. tort. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 367, t. 46, figg. 78 (hispida). Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 27, t. 8, fig. 7. Itss., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 62, t. 3, fig. 10. Rss., 1855, tert. Sch. nordl. u. mittl. DeutschL; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 223, t. 1, fig. 3. JONES, HICHT. 1855, Thiir. Zechstein.; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 532, t. 26, fig. 27. Rss., 1865, deut. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. i, p. 132, t. 2, figg. 2-3. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 173, t. 16, fig. 17. SCHWAO., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara Rcise, geol. Tli. 2. a, p. 231, t. 6, fig. 65. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 139, t. 13, fig. 16 (hispida, costulata). HKE., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 31, t. 3, fig. 6. trichostoma Rss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 367, t. 46, fig. 6. monile CORNUEL, 1849, uouv. foss. microsc.; Mem. Soc. geol. France (2), 3, p. 250, t. 1, fig. 18. elongata COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 16, fig. 19. spec, indet. HKE., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 34, t. 3, fig. 11. aculeata I/ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. France 4, p. 13, t. 4, fig. 2 (hispida). REUSS., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 28, t. 12, fig. 29 (hispida). Rss., 1865, deutsch. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. i, p. 131, t. 2, fig. 1. D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 49, t. 2, figg. 1113. PARK, and JONES, 1865, For. N. Atl. and Arct. Oceans; Phil. Transact. 155. 1, p. 343, t. 13, fig. 11. PARK, and JONES, 1857, For. Coast, of Norway; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 19, p. 282, t. 10, figg. 31. D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 51, t. 2, figg. 18 20. GuMB.,'1868, Nordalp. Eocau.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 623, t. 1, fig. 39. SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 235, t. 6, fig. 72. NEUGEB., 1856, For. Sticliosteg.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 88, t. 4, fig. 7. Nodosaria aculeata inilexa Dentalina guttifera guttifera communis Dentalina Adolphina Nodosaria Dentalina subspinosa Nodosarina radicula LIN. var. raphanus LIN. Tab. I, fig. 910. Our form comes pretty near to Nod. multicosta NEUGEB., Nod. striata STACHE etc. The long and narrow forms are by some authors designated as Nod. raphanistrum, but it is in vain to distinguish these forms from one another. It has been found only on the coralline-gravel bottom. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS UANDLINGAU. HAND. 19. N:O 4. 21 Nodosarina radicula LIN. var. ncalaris BATSCH. Tab. I, fig 8. Is the pigmy-form of the preceeding and too closely related to that, to attain the rank of species. Such forms as Nod, injlata Ess., Nod. nana REUSS, Nod. bade- nensis D'OiiB., Nod. tenuicostata COSTA, etc. have the character of both. Its characteristic distinguishing feature should be the thinness of [the shell and the prolongation and slenderness of the chamber-necks. But such marks are no longer recognised as being of any distinctive importance in this class, where each species seems to have its dwarfish, tiny forms, which during their whole life remain in a sort of juvenile stage. It has been stated above, that the shape of the necks cannot be of any specific importance. This form occurs both on the chalkbottom and in the coralline-gravel. It attains seldom more than 1 1,5 mm. in length. Nodosarina radicula viir. Raphanus. Syii. Nodosaria lamellosa I/ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 253, N:o 17, t. 10, figg. 4 6. scalaris D'ORB., ibid., p. 253, N:o 18. badenensis PARK, and JONES, 18CO, For. Chellast.; Qu. Journ. geol. Soc. 16, p. 453, t. 19, figg. 89. tenuicostata COSTA 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 156, t. 12, fig. 5; t. 16, figg. 813. Dentalina bifurcata HKE., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 35, t. 3, figg. 18, 21. Nodosaria pachycephala, latejugata GUMB.. 1868, Nordalp. Eoc.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 616, 619, t. 1, figg. 27, 32. Raibliana GUMB., 1869, For. Cassian u. llaibler Sch.; Osterr. geol. lleichsanst. Jhrb. 19, p. 181, t. 6, fig. 28. Vasarhelyii, latejugata HKE., 1875, Clav. Szab. Schicht., p. 36, t. 4, fig. 4; t. 2, figg. 6 a. b. c. Amphimorphina striata Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wicu. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 57, t. 5. fig. 5. Nodosaria multicosta NEUGEB., 1856, For. Sticliosteg. ob. Lapug.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 78, t. 1, fig. 12. subradicula SCIIWAG., ibid. p. 222, t. 5, fig. 50 (ad N. scalarem vergens). columella KARR., 1877, Hoehqu. Wasserl.; osterr. geol. lleichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 379, t. 16, figg. 2122. annulata, spinulosa COSTA, 1855, Marn. terz. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 139, t. 1, figg. 16, 28. Ludwigi Rss., 1865, Sept. Thon Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. 1, p. 135, t. 2, fig. 23. Nodosarina-Nodosaria Rhaphanus PARKER and JONES, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 49, t. 1, figg. 4, 5, 22, 23. Crist, semituberculata KARR., 1867, For. Faun. Osterr.; Wieu. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 355, t. 1, fig. 7. Nodosaria semicostata COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. t. 27, figg. 8, 10. mairubrium SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Wiss. Verein. Jhrb. 21, p. 99, t. 2, fig. 14. Raphanus PARK, and JONES, 1860, For. Chellast.; Qu. Journ. geol. Soc. 16, p. 453, t. 19. fig. 10. 22 GOES, RETICULARIAN KH1ZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. Dentalina crassula Ess., 1850, Kreidemerg. Lemberg; Raid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 24, t. 1, tig. 8. Nodosaria inops Ess., ibid. p. 24, t. 1, fig. 7. proboscidea llss., ibid. p. 23, t. 1, fig. 6. crassa HKE., 1875, Clav. Szab. Soli., t. 13, fig. 4. w infiata COSTA, 1855, Marn. ten. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 139, t. 1, fig. 18. a inflata, intermedia COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 153, 154, t. 13, fig. 4; t. 10, fig. 4. striatissima STACHE, 1865, Tert. Mergel Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 199, t. 22, fig. 25; p. 208, t. 22, fig. 38. Bapa D'OKB., 1826, Tabl. meth., Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 253, N:o 27. obscura Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 26, t. 13, figg. 7 9. EEUSS, 1873, Geinitz, Elbthalgeb. Sachs. 2, p. 81, t. II. 20, fig. 14. obsolescens EEUSS, ibid. p. 83, t. II. 20, fig. 14. undecimcostata, septemcostata GEIN., 1839, Sachs. Kreidegeb. p. 69, t. 17, figg. 19 20. Nautilus eostatus MONTAGU, 1803, Test. Brit. p. 199, t. 14, fig. 5; 1808, ibid. Supplem. p. 83, t. 19, fig. 2. Nodosaria raphanistrum PAIIK. and JONES, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 50, t. 1, figg. 6 8. pentecostata COSTA, 1854. Pal. Nap. 2, p. 161, t. 16, fig. 15. mutabilis, propinqua, turgidula, Rhegina, Dentalina irregularis var. COSTA, ibid., t. 13, figg. 13; t. 27, figg. 9, 11, 15. mutabilis, sulcata COSTA, 1855, Marna terz. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 134, 140, t. 1, figg. 1-2; t. 1, fig. 29. affinis, bacillum D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vierine, p. 39, 40; t. 1, figg. 3647. tenuicosta, affinis llss., 1845, Bohm. Kreidef. 1, p. 25, 26, t. 13, figg. 56, 16. affinis Ess. ,'1873, Gein. Elbthalgeb. Sachs. 2, p. 83, t. II. 20, fig. 12. Paueri, subalpina, eocaena, Helli, bacillum, sceptriformis, capitata, fissicostata GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 612626; t. 1, figg. 18, 26, 28, 29, 30, 33, 42, 46. Maximiliana, nummulina GUMB., ibid. p. 619, 626; t. 1, figg. 31, 45. bacilloides, budensis HKE., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch., t. 2, figg. 8, 10. bacillum var. minor, acuminata HKEN., ibid. p. 26, t. 2, figg. 7, 9; t. 13, fig. 5. Hochstetteri SCHWAO., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikob.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 214, t. 5, fig. 32. perversa, deceptoria, inconstans, gomphiformis, crassitesta, Skobina SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikob.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 212, t. 5. figg. 29 31; p. 220224, t. 5, figg. 48, 55, 56. subsimilis, substrigata, callosa, obliquecostata, striatissima, scariflcata STACHE, 1865, tert. Merg. Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 1, p. 195197, 208, t. 22, figg. 2124, 38, 40. elugypha, turbiformis SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemberg. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 21, p. 96, 98, t. 2, figg. 8, 13. bacillum, contracta, dehiscens, excentrica, spec, indet. COSTA, 1855, Marna terz. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 134137, t. 1, figg. 1, 3, 6, 21; t. 2, fig- 14. plicata, cylindrum COSTA. 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 152, t. 12, fig. 4; t. 27, fig. 1. )> paupercula Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreide. 1, p. 26, t. 12, fig. 12; 1873, GEINITZ, Elbthal- geb. Sachsen 2, p. 81, t. II. 20, figg. 57. amphioxus, fusula, oligotoma Ess., 1871, ibid. 1, p. 82, 135, t. II. 20, figg. 8,9; t. 33, fig. 16. bactridium Ess., 1865, deutsch. Sept. Thon; Wieu. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. 1, p. 130, t. 1, figg. 2425. intercostata, duplicostata, prismatica Ess., 1859, Westphal. Kreidef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.- Ber. 40, t. 1, figg. 45, t. 2, fig. 2. sceptrum, tubifera, bactroides, lamello-costata, prismatica, Dent, inepta, Marg. aequivoca, Marg. acuticostata Ess., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault, Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 37, t. 2, figg. 37, 13; t. 5, fig. 17; t. 6, fig. 3. polygona Ess., 1855, Kreidegeb. Meklenb.; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 265, t. 8, figg. 7-8. mujuscula, laticosta, clausa MARS., 1877, Eiigen. Schreibekr.; Greifsvvald. Nat. Verein. Mittheil. 187778, p. 130, 131, t. 1, figg. 79. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 23 Syn. Nodosaria decemcostata EGG., 1857, Mioc. Ortenburg; Leonli. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1857, p. 306, t. 15, figg. 2425. Bolli Rss., 1855, Kreideg. Mekleub.; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 265, t. 8, fig. 6. tetragona Rss., 1859, VVestph. Kreidef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, t. 2, fig. 1. orthopleura Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 89, t. 12, fig. 5. tetragona COSTA, 1855, Marna blu Vaticano; Mern. Nap- 2, p. 116, t. 1, fig. 1. comprossiuscula, Dent, carinata NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stichost. Ob. Lapugy; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 79, 91, tt. 2, 4, figg. 17; 17. b) raoniliformis: Nodosaria nitida D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth., Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 254, N:o 33. Boueana D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 37, t. 1, figg. 3031. quadrata, Lingulina mutabilis D'OKB., ibid. p. 36, 61, t. 1, fig. 28; t. 2, fig. 52. sutarhombica STACHE, 1865, Tert. Merg. Whaingar. Hafen, Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 201, t. 22, fig. 26. Zippei Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 25, 26; t. 8, figg. 23. distans Rss., 1855, Kveideg. Meklenburg; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 264, t. 8, fig. 5. coarctata HKE., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch., t. 12, fig. 15. coecoptycha GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 611, t. 1, fig. 16 (verrucosa). c) semistriata: Nodosaria semistriata, Soldanii D'ORB., 1826, Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 252, 254, Nrris 9, 30 (an N. scalaris). tholigera SCHWAG., 18(56, Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara Ileise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 218, t. 5, fig. 41. ? ambigua COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 137, t. 12, figg. 910. d) compressa: in Nodos. (Frondicul.) complanatara DEFR. var. striatara D'ORB. transiens: Amphimorphina Haueriana NEUGEB., 1850, For. Felso Lapug.; Siebenb. Ver. Mittheil. 1850, p. 127, t. 4, figg. 13 14 (vide Nod. compressiuscula NEUGEB. p. 23). > KARRER, 1864, Leythakalk Wien. Beck.; Wieu. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 705, t. 1, fig. 6. FRICS, Modell., N:o 51. Frond, digitalis, afflnis, Bielzana, rostrata, semicostata, diversicostata, tenuicostata, cul- trata, irregularis, Ackneriana, pulchella, lapugyensis NEUGEB., 1850, For. Felso Lapug.; Siebenb. Ver. Mittheil. 1850, p. 119, 120, t. 3, figg. 310; t. 4, figg. 1112; t. 3, figg. 12. bicostata KARRER, 1878, Forara. Luzon; Bolet. Comis. Mapa geol. del Espaiia, 7. 2, p. 17, t. E, fig. 13... mucronata KARR., 1867, For. Faun. Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 354, t. 1, fig. 6. e a) Frondicul. Archiaciana D'ORB. qua; inter Nod. radiculara frondiculariseformem et Raphanum tenet medium, camera primordiali solum costata, (additis paucis Nod. (Frond.) striatae D'ORB. proximis): Frond. Archiaciana, ornata, angulosa D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie blanc. Par.; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. 4, p. 2022, t. 1, figg. 3439. Archiacina Rss., 1845, Bohra. Kreide 1, p. 31, t. 13, fig. 39. 24 GOES, RETFCULAKIAN H1IIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. Frond. Archiaciana WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. For. p. 24, fig. 51. angulosa Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 31, t. 13, fig. 40; 2, p. 107, t. 24, fig. 42. tenuis Rss., ibid. 1, p. 30, t. 8, fig. 25; 1873, GEIN., Elbthalgeb. Sachseu, 2, p. 94, t. II. 20, fig. 3. turgida Rss., ibid. 2, p. 107, t. 24, figg. 4144; 1873, GEIN., Elbthalgeb. Sachs. 2, p. 97, t. II. 21, figg. 1718. marginata, canaliculata Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, 2, p. 30, 107; t. 12, fig. 9; t. 24, fig. 39; t. 8, figg. 2021. Decheni, apiculata, marginata, canaliculata, Marg. ornatissima Rss., 1859, Westphiil. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 191209, t. 4, fig. 3; t. 5, figg. 23; t. 6, fig. 1; t. 7, fig. 2. elegans, Verneuiliana D'ORB., 1839, Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. 4, p. 19, 20, t. 1, figg. 2930, 3233. Ungeri Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 54, t. 4, fig. 11. Sedgvicki Rss., 1854, Kreide. Ostalpen ; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 7, p. 66, t. 25, fig. 4. angusta Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, t. 8, fig. 14. e $) magis expansa: Frond. Fuchsii KARR., 1870, Kreide Leitzendorf; Jhrb. k. k. geol. Reichsanst. 20, p. 174, t. 11, fig. 1. (Fr. Stachei KAKII., p. 15, hue potius referenda). Goldfussi, microdisca, gaultina Rss., 1859, Westpliiil. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p- 192195, t. 4, fig. 7; t. 5, fig. 4; t. 5, fig. 5. Speyeri Rss., 1864, Oberoligoc.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 458, t. 4, fig. 8. Althii, pyrum KARR., 1870, Kreidef. Leitzendorf; Jahrb. k. geol. Reichsanst. 20, p. 172, 175, t. 10, fig. 1, t. 11, fig. 4. denticulata, dentic. var. spinosa COSTA, 1855, Mama terz. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 371, t. 2, figg. 20, 22 23; t. 3, fig. 4 (in Nod. striatarn D'ORB. transiens). f) tricarinata (Rhabdogonii forma): Vaginul. tricarinata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 258, N:o 4, Mod. 4 (ad Nod. linearem vel legumen vergens). Rhabdogoiiium pyramidale KAIUI., 1861, Marin. Tegel; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 444, t. 1, fig. 5. Frond, tricarinata D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Par.; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. 4, p. 21, t. 2, figg. 1 ~3. amoena Rss., 1850, Kreidem. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 29, t. 1, fig. 21. Dentalina trigona SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wurtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 21, p. Ill, t. 3, fig. 31. Deiitalinopsis subtriquetra R.SS., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.46, p. 57, t. 5, fig. 5; FRIG'S Model!. N:o 52. g) in Nod. obliquam transgre diens: Dentalina Miinsteri GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. 1. 10. 2, p. 624, t. 1, fig. 43. Nodosaria tosta SCHWAG., 1866, Kar.-Nikobar; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 219, t. 5, tig. 42. equisetiformis SCHWAG., ibid. p. 231, t. 6, fig. 66. spec, indet. COSTA, 1855, Mama terz. Messina, Mem. Nap. 2, t. 1, figg. 23, 34. conspurcata Rss., 186 , For. deutsoh. Sept. Thou; Wien. Ak. Pkschr. 1. 25, (,. 2, figg. 1921 (seminudii). KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 25 g) intermittens: Syn, Nodosaria intermittena ROMER, 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeress.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 382, t. 3, fig. 2. Dentalina cylindrella, capitata, Sandbergeri, Girardana REUSS, 1855, Tert. Sch. nordl. u. raittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 222-224, t. 1, figg. 2, 4, 5, 6. Nodosaria capitata BOLL., 1846, Ostseeland. p. 177, t. 2, fig. 13. REUSS, 1864, Oligocan.; Wien. Ak. Sitz. Ber. 1.50, p. 450, t. 1, figg. 810. HKE., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 35, t. 3, fig. 16. Dentalina Philippi, Buchi Ess., 1851, Sept. Thon. Berlin; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 60, t. 3, figg. 5-6. antennula D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 53, t. 2, figg. 29 30. Nodosaria multilineata MAHSS., Riigen Schrcibekr., Greifswald. Nat. Verein. Mittheil. 1877 78, p. 131, t, 1, fig. 10. h) papillosa: Glandulina ornatissima KARR.. 1878, For. Luzon; Bolet. Comis. Mapa geol. d. Espaiia 7. 2, p. 17, t. E, fig. 12. Nodosarina radicula var. scalaris. Syn. Nodosaria sulcata, longicauda D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth. Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 253, 254, N:o 21, 28. Candei, Catesbyi D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 15, 16, t. 1, figg. 69. striaticollis D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries, p. 124, t. 1, figg. 3 4. spinicosta D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 37, t. 1, figg. 32 33 (an N. radicula var. Raphanus). scalaris PARK, and JONES, 1865, N. all. and arct. Oc., Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 340, t. 16, fig. 2. Nodosarina-Nodosaria scalaris PARK, and JONES, 1866, Crag. For., Pal. Soc. 19, p. 52, t. 4, tig. 8. Nodosaria radicula WILL., 1858, Brit. ree. For., p. 15, figg. 36 38. Heussiana, variabilis, Ehrenbergiana, elegans NEUGEB., 1852, For. Felso Lapug., Siebenb. Nat. Verein. Mitth. 185052; t, 1, figg. 4653. inflata Rss., 1845, Botnn. Kreidef. 1, p. 25, t. 13, figg. 3 4; 1855, Kreide. Mek- lenb.; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 263, t. 8, figg. 2, 3, 4. venusta Rss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Ukschr. 1. 1, p. 367, t. 46, fig. 5. HKE., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. t. 12, fig. 14. ? nana Rss., 1859, Westpli. Kreide, Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, t. 1, fig. 6. badenensis D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 38, t. 1, figg. 34 35. PDentalina urnula D'ORB., ibid. p. 54, t. 2, figg. 31 32. PNodosaria badenensis var. EGGER, 1857, Mioc. Ortenb.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1857, p. 305, t. 15, figg. 17-21. Reussii COSTA, 1854, Palwont. Nap. 2, p. 155, t. 16, fig. 5. b) semistriata: Nodosaria semiornata KARRER, 1878, Foraraf. Luzon; Bolet. Comis. Mapa geolog. del Espaiia 7. a, p. 15, t. E, fig. 8. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Haudl. Bd. lit. N:o 4. 26 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Nodosarina communis D'ORB. Tab. I, figg. 11 16. This wide-spread species has been aptly arranged by PARKER and JONES in four sub-types of varieties. The difference between them is, as usual, much too slight and inconstant to justify their being distinguished as species with a nomenclature of their own. a) crassa, septis horizontalibus. Nod. radicuke proxima, (= Dental, brevis D'ORB.). b) longa, tennis, septis honzontalibus. Nod. radiculse var. monili propinqua (= Dent, communis, elegans, Lorneiana, Boueana etc. D'ORB.). c) crassa, septis obliquis. Nod. legumini LIN. valde propinqua (= Dent, obliqua D'ORB. [non LIN.], Dent, nana REUSS.). i d) longa tennis, septis obliquis; etiam Nod. legumini quam maxime affinis (= Dent, communis, inornata, badenensis etc. D'ORB.). The great affinity between N. communis D'ORB. and N. legumen LIN. makes it hardly possible to dispose fairly their many names in their resp. lists of synonyms. It is also on reasonable grounds that Professor WILLIAMSON has not kept N. communis distinct from N. legumen. It is very commonly met with both among the Coralline-gravel and in the Chalk-ooze; its slender, graceful form, its often pearly lustre and its great size (15 mm. and more in length) distinguish this species as one of attractive beauty. Fig. 11 is a pygmean form near to Dent, brevis D'ORB. It is exactly the same as Dent, linearis ROM., Dent, inermis GZJZ. etc., from the Chalk-ooze. Fig. 12, 12 b comes near to Dent. Lorneiana D'ORB. or Dent, consobrina D'ORB., it is a pigmy from the Chalkbottom. Fig. 13 14 are near to Dent. Boueana et aliis D'ORB. Both are from the Coral- line gravel and the Chalk-ooze. Fig. 15 represents a highly developed Nod. communis from the Coralline-gravel. Fig. 16 comes nearest to Dent, badenensis D'ORB., from the Chalk-ooze. a) crassa: septis horizontalibus; N. radiculre propinqua. Pyn. Nodosaria nuda Ess., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 38, t. 2, figa;. 8-9. Dentalina brevis D'OIIB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 48, t. 2, figg. 910. PARK, and JONES, 1860, For. Chellast. Qu. Journ, geol. Soc. 16, p. 453, t. 19, fig. 23. Nodosarina radicula, Dentalina communis subvar. brevis PARK, and JONES, 1866, Crag. Foram.; Palseogr. Soc. 19, p. 63, t. 4, fig. 10. Dent, pseudochrysalis Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 40, t. 2, fig. 12. Dentalina chrysalina CORN., 1848, Nouv. f'oss. microsc. cret.; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. (2) 3, p. 251, t. 1, fig. 21. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. Syu. Dent, megalopolitana Ilss., 1855, Kreide. Meklenburg; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 267, t. 8, fig. 10. nitens COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 165, t. 12, fig. 26 (infer.). obesa COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. t. 27, fig. 13. fusiformis, torulosa SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch., Wiirtemb. Nat. Ver. Jhrhf't. 21, p. 99 100, t. 2, figg. 16 17 (a N. radicula vix distincta). siliq.ua, Hilseana, cylindroides Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault, Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 41, t. 2, figg. 11, 14, 16. cylindroides, cognata, D. distincta, strangulata, catenula, discrepans Rss., 1859; West- phal. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 184185, t. 1, fig. 8; t. 1, fig. 9; t. 2, fig. 5; t. 3, figg. 67. MONTAG, 1803, Test. Britann. p. 197; Supplem. p. 82, t. 19, figg. 47. MUNST., ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeressand, Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 382, t. 3, fig. 3. u'C-RB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 49, t. 2, figg. 1415. Czjz., 1847, For. Wien. Beck.; Haid. Nat. Abh. 2. 1, p. 139, t. 12, figg. 37. Czjz., 1847, ibid. p. 140, t. 12, figg. 17 20 (Nod. legumini approxim.). ROM., 1842, Verst. nordd. Kreidegeb. p. 95, t. 15, fig. 5. Rss., 1862, Nordd. Mils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 42, t. 2, fig. 15. GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan., K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 622, t. 1, flgg. 36. KAKR., 1867, For. Fauna Osterreich.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 354, t. 1, fig. 5. BORNEMANN, 1855, Sept. Thou. Hermsdorf; Ztschr. d. geol. Ges. 7, p. 324, t. 13, fig. 8. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. t. 27, fig. 14. CORN., 1848, Nouv. foss. microsc. cret.; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. (2) 3. p. 251, t. 1, fig. 20. SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 228, t. 6, fig. 61. Dentalina transmontana GUMB., 1869, For. St. Cassian u. Raibl.; Osterr. geol. Reichsaust. Jhrb. 19, p. 177, t. 5, fig. 17. Dentalina gomphoides COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t, 27, figg. 2425. acuminata Rss., 1859, Westph. Kreide, Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 181, t. 1, fig. 7. tenuicaudata Rss., 1859, ibid. p. 182, t. 2, fig. 3. commutata Rss., 1859, ibid. p. 183, t. 2, fig. 4. D'OKB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 48, t. 2, figg. 78. STACHE, 1865, Tert. Merg. Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. a, p. 205, t. 22, fig. 33. STACHE, 1865, ibid. p. 204, t. 22, fig. 31. STACHE, 1865, ibid. p. 206, t. 22, fig. 34. STACHE, 1865, ibid. p. 205, t. 22, fig. 32. NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stiehosteg. Felso Lapug.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 85, t. 3, fig. 12. KARR., 1865, For. Griinsandstein N. Zeelaud; Novara Reise, geo 1 . Th. 1. 2 p. 74, t. 16, fig. 1. GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 621, t. 1, fig. 34. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 185, t. 12, fig. 15. HKE., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Schichten p. 37, t. 4, fig. 2 (an Uvigerina). COSTA, 1855, Marna terz. Messina, Mem. Nap. 2, t. 1, fig. 36. SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 21, t. 4, fig. 31. Dentalina pusilla, bullata, Fraasi SCHWAG., ibid. p. 104, 107, 110, t. 3, figg. 3, 23, 24. Nodosaria pauperata PARK, and JONES, 1865, Nordatl. and Acrt. Oceans; Phil. Trans. 155, p. 342, t. 13, fig. 89. Nautilus rectus Nodosaria radicularis Dentalina punctata inermis Marginul. contraria Nodosaria linearis Dentalina linearis Nodosaria pupiformis Dentalina Verneuilli corniculum intermedia Nodosaria tauricornis u Verneuillii rotundata pomuligera vagina deformis Haidingeri aequalis aherculea Marginul. torulosa Dentalina Hornesi Spec, indet. Spec, indet. 28 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. b) magis extenuata; septis horizon talibus: Dentalina fasciata mutabilis gigantea Nodosaria contorta Dentalina consobrina obtusata indifferens communis perversa Marginul. tenuis Dentalina antenna tenuicollis Zsigmondyi Bcitzi Syn. Nodosaria vermiculum Ess., 1865, For. deutsch. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. 1, p. 133, t. 2, figg. 1415. SEG., 1862, Rhizopod. d. Catania, Aead. Gioenia Atti (2), 18, p. 12, t. 1, fig- 1- BAILEY, 1850, Examin. of Soundings; Smithson. Contrib. of knowledge 2, Art. 3, p. 10, fig. 7. HKE., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 34, t. 3, fig. 15. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 16, fig. 2. BORNEMANN, 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorf; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 323, t. 13, figg. 1 4 (ad monile vergens). Ess., 1851, Tert. Sch. Oberschlesien; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. p. 151, t. 8, fig. 1. Ess., 1863, Sept. Thon Offenbach, Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 44, t. 2, figg. 1516. PARK, and JONES, 1860, For. Chellast.; Qu. Jouru. geol. Soc. 16, p. 453, t. 19, fig. 25. NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stichost. Ob. Lapug.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. . 80, t. 2, fig. 8. BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorf; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 326, t. 13, fig. 14. CORN., 1848, Nouv. foss. microsc.; Mem. Soc. geol. France (2) 3, p. 250, t. 1, fig. 19. Ess., 1855, Kreidegeb. Meklenburg; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 267, t. 8, fig. 11; 1865, Kreide am Kanara See; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 52, p. 452, fig. 6. HKE., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 32, t. 12, fig. 17. HKE., ibid. p. 33, t. 13, fig. 6. glandulifera GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 622, t. 1, fig. 37. pugiunculus Rss., 1859, Westpliiil. Kreide, Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 183, t. 3, fig. 9, SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch., Wiirtemb. Nat. Yer. Jhrhft. 21, p. Ill, t. 4, fig. 1. Ess, 1859, Westphal. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 188, t. 3, fig. 8. EGG., 1857, Miocan. Ortenburg; Leonh. u. Bronns Jhrb. 1857, p. 307, t. 15. figg. 3031. PARK, and JONES, 1860, For. Chellast; Qu. Journ. geol. Soc. 16, p. 453, t. 19, fig. 22. GtMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 621, t. 1, fig. 35. MONTAG, 1803, Test. Britan. p. 198, t. 6, fig. 5. (SOLD.) Ess., 1863, For. Crag. d'Auwers, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2). 15. p. 146, t. 1, fig. 18. D'OiiB., 1826, Tabl. meth. Ac. Sc. Nat 7, p. 254, N.o 35. PARK, and JONES, 1866, Crag .For.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 58, t. 1, figg. 1517, Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1. p. 28, t. 13, figg. 2324; Kreide. Lemberg. Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 36, t. 1, fig. 14 (in N. legumen vergens). D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 45, t. 1, figg. 5256. SCHWAG., 1865, For. Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara Eeise, geol. Th. 2. 2., p. 233, t. 6, fig. 68. HKE., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p 30, t. 3, fig. 7. D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 51, t. 2, figg. 2123. HKE., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 30, t. 3, figg. 4, 8. HKE., 1875, ibid. p. 32, t. 3, fig. 9. SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrhl't. 21, p. 101, t. 2, fig. 20. Ess., 1851, Sept. Thon von Berlin; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 63, t. 3, tig. 9. flliformis perscripta pauperata fusiformis Nautilus subarcuatus Dentalina farcimen communis ? legumen elegans scripta intermedia Verneuilli Gumbeli emaciata KONGL. SV. VET. AKADKMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. Syn. Dentalina Keussi 29 Nodosaria nodosa Dentalina nodosa praelonga )/ abbreviata a dun c a nepos subtilis gracilis Nodosaria peracuta Dentalina annulata Nodosaria Costai stimulea fustiformis NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stichosteg. Ob. Lapug.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 85, t. 3, figg. 67; 17. Scharbergana NEUGEB., 1856, ibid. p. 87, t. 4, figg. 1 4. nodosa I/ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. France (2) 4, p. 14, t. 1, figg. 6-7. Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 28, t, 13, fig. 22. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 164, t. 12, fig. 8. G'OSTA, 1854, ibid. p. 163, t. 12, fig. 21. COSTA, 1854, ibid. t. 27, fig. 21. COSTA, 1855, For. Marna blu' Vaticano; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 117, t. 1, fig. 1. COSTA, 1855, ibid. p. 117, t. 1, fig. 2". HKE., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 33, t. 3, fig. 13. D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. France (2) 4. p. 14, t. 1, fig. 5. ALTH., 1849, Umgeb. Lemb.; Haid. Nat. Abh. 3. 2, p. 269, t. 13, fig. 27. spec, indet. COSTA, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 12, fig. 28. Nodosaria gracilis Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 27, t. 8, fig. 6. Dentalina acuticauda Rss., 1851, Sept. Thou von Berlin; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 62, t. 3, fig. 8. Rss., 1863, Sept. Thon Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 45, t. 3, fig. 26. Rss., 1873, GEIKITZ, Elbthalgeb. Saclisen 2, p. 86, t. II. 20, fig. 21. Rss., 1850, Kreide Lemberg; Haid. Nut. Abh. 4. 1, p. 26, t. 1, fig. 13. Uss., 1873, GEINITZ Elbthalgeb. Sachsen 2, p. 85, t.. II. 20, figg. 1920. SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar-Nikobar; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 229, t. 6. fig. 62. SCIIWAO., 1866, ibid. t. 6, fig. 57. SCHWAG., 1866, ibid. p. 228, t. 6, fig. 60. inarticulata Rss., 1865, Kreide am Kanara See; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-B<;r. 52, p. 451, fig. 5. laevigata NILSS., 1827, Petrificata Svecana p. 8, t. 9, fig. 2. Dentalina pauperata D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vieune, p. 46. t. 1, figg. 57 58. communis subvar. pauperata PARK, and JONES, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 58, t. 1, figg. 13, 20. Dentalina pauperata BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorf; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 324, t. 13, fig. 7. Nodosaria approximata Rss., 1865, deutsch. Sept. Thon, Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. 1, p. 134, t. 2. fig. 22. HKE., 1875. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 31, t. 3, fig. 5. KARRER, 1878, Foram. Luzon; Bolet. Comis. Mapa geol. del Espafia, 7. 2, p. 16, t. E, fig. 11. Rss., 1855, Kreidegeb. Meklenburg; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 267, t. 8, fig. 9. D'ORB., 1831, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. France (2) 4. p. 14, t. 1, figg. 8-9. REUSS, 1845, Bohm. Kreidef. 1, p. 27, t. 8, fig. 5 (ad N. monile vergens), D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 47, t. 2, figg. 46. HKE., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 34, t. 12, figg. 11, 19 (ad N. monile vergens). D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 46, t. 2, figg. 1 3 (ad Nod. monile vergens). REUSS, 1863, Sept. Thon Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 45, t. 2, figg. 19-23. ) NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stichost. Ob. Lapug.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 86, t. 3, fig. 15. PARK, and JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.: Phil. Trans. 155, 1, p. 342, t. 16, fig. 3. HKE., 1875, For. Clav Sziib. Sch. p. 30, t. 3, figg. 3, 10. affinis communi GUMB., Ulmer Cementmerg.; Miinch. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1, p. 65, t. 1, fig. 6, spinigera, tenuis NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stichost. Ob. Lapug.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 84, 86, t. 3, figg. 16, 14. Nodosaria clava Dentalina plebeja Lorneiana Boueana )> consobrina 30 GOES, RETICULARIAN RIUZOi'ODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. c) crassa, oblique septata: Syn. Dentalina declivis, turgida, conferta, mutabilis, cylindrica, aboleta, Quenstedti, crenata, fllocincta, aequabilis SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirteiuberg. Nat. Ver. Jhrhft. 21, t. 3, fig. 1; t. 1, figg. 6, 11; t. 2, fig. 19; t. 3, fig. 9; t. 2, fig. 24; t/3, fig. 28; t 3, fig. 5; t. 3, fig. 22; t. 3, fig. 25; t. 3, fig. 13; t. 4, fig. 6. abnormis Ess., 1863, Sept. Thon Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 46, t. 2, fig. 24. Marginul. elongata Ess., 1850, Kreidemerg. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 28, t. 1, fig. 17. Dentalina debilis HKE., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 33, t. 13, fig. 10. hamulifera, nana Ess., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 42, 39, t. 2, figg. 17, 1018. contracta, tarentina, phiala COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 27, fig. 12; t. 13, figg. 12; 2021. spec, indet. COSTA, 1855, Mavna terz. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, t. 1, fig. 35; t. 2, fig. 3. obliquesutura STACHE, 1865, Tert. Mergel Whaingar. Hafen, Novara Eeise geol. Tli. 1. 2, p. 207, t. 22, fig. 36. colligata EEUSS, 1861, Griinsand, N. Jers.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 334, t. 7, fig. 4. Korynephora GUMB., 1869, For. St. Cassian u. Eaibl. Sch.; osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Jhrb. 19, p. 176, t. 5, fig. 1. Marginul. duracina STACHE, 1865, Tert. Mergel Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Eeise geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 211, t. 22, fig. 42. inversa COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 139, t. 12, fig. 16. nuda SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 21, p. 119, t. 5, fig. 2 (Nod. legumini propinqua). Dentalina conferta, Roemeri, Orbignyana, mucronata NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stichost. Ob. Lapugy; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 81, t. 2, fig. 11; t, 2, figg. 13 17; t. 3, figg. 13; t. 3, figg. 8-11- Marginal, apiculata Ess., 1850, Kreidemerg. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 28, t. 1, fig. 18. Dentalina otaliqua, arcuata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. Meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 254, N:ris 36, 38; mod. 5. intermedia Ess., 1859, Westph. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 40, p. 186, t. 2, fig. 8. d) angusta, septis obliquis: Dentalina carinata D'ORB.. 1826, Tabl. Meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 255, N:o 39. communis D'ORB., 1839, Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. France (2) 4, p. 13, t. 1, fig. 4. Nodosaria EEDSS, 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 28, t. 12, fig. 21. communis PARK, and JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oceans; Phil. Trans. 155. i, p. 342, t. 13, fig. 10. Dentalina communis BRAD., 1876, Carbonif. and Perm, foramf. ; Pal. Soc. 30, p. 127, t. 10, figg. 17-18. spec, indet. COSTA, 1854; Pal. Nap. 2, p. 171, t. 16, fig. 23. Ferstliana GZJZ., 1847, Foramf. Wien. Beck.; Haid. Nat. Abh. 2. i, p. 140, t. 12, figg. 10-13. badenensis D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 44, t. 1, figg. 48- 49. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 171, t. 16, fig. 23. spec, indet. COSTA, 1855, Marna terz. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, t. 1, figg. 32- 33. cingulata CzJZ., 1847, Foramf. Wien. Beck.; Haid. Nat. Abh. 2. i, p. 139, t. 12, figg. 89. iuornata D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 44, t. 1, figg. 50 51. EBUSS, 1865, Sept. Thon Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 45, t. 2, fig. 18. gracilis COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 12, fig. 26 sup. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDUNGAR. BAND 19. N:O 4. 31 Syn Dentalina elegans BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Herrasdorf; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 323, t. 13, fig. 6. Bottcheri, obliquata HEUSS, 1863, Sept. Thon Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1-48, p. 44. 46, t. 2, figg. 17, 25. budensis, simplex HKE., 1875, For. Clav. Szah. Sch., p. 33, 34, t. 3, 13, figg. 12, 7. xiphioides, deflexa Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 43, t. 3, fig. 1; t. 2, fig. 19. acus Rss., 1850, Kreidemergel Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abb. 4. 1, p. 27, t. 1, fig. 15. (an N. legumen). pygmaea, subtilis, Partschi, subulata NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stichost. Ob. Lapug.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12, 2, p. 80, t. 2, fig. 9; t. 3, figg. 4, 5, 13. funiculus, extensa, lutigena, sublinearis, imbecilla, geniculosa, Oppelii, Marginal. procera SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Ver. Jhrhl't. 21, p. 100118, t. 2, figg. 18, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27; t. 3, figg. 16-17; t. 5, fig. 1. Nodosaria Neugeboreni, gracilescens SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar-Nikobar; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 232, 234, t. 6, figg. 67, 70. (an N. legumen). Nodosarina communis D'ORB. var. obliqua LIN. Tab. I, figg. 1719. The line of distinction between Nod. obliqua and raphanus is just as faint and untraceable as it is between Nod. communis and radicula. Slender varieties of Nod. raphanus are not distinguishable from N. obliqua but by its bended axis. Figg. 17 19 come near to Dent, sulcata and acuta D'ORB., Dent, polyphragma, Zippei (part.) REUSS, Nod. stiliformis SCHWAG. etc. . The strength, distance and number of the ridges, which like finished sculpture adorn the shell, are subject to many degrees of variation. It has some propensity to become quite smooth by age as if returning to Nod. communis. Sometimes again it becomes very slightly striated. It is not scarce either on the coralline- or on the chalk- bottom and attains a length of 22 mm. Fig. 19 represents a more finely ridged or rather finely wrinkled form with glo- bular chambers. It resembles most Nod. Zippei (part.) REUSS. from the Bohemian chalk. Those wrinkles become sometime very faint. a) crassa, var. Eaphano proxiraa: Syn. Nodosaria substriata, Dentalina cornicula D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. Meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 255, N:ris 4647. Dentalina multicostata D'OHB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. (2) 4, p. 16, t. 1, figg. 14- 15. BRADY, 1876, Garb, and Perm, foramf.; Pal. Soc. 30, p. 129, t. 10, fig. 19. Kingi JONES, 1850, Kings nionogr. perm. foss. p. 17, t. 6, figg. 2 3. (sec. BRADY.) RIGHT... 1861, Geinitz Dyas, p. 122, t. 20, fig. 33. (sec.' BRADY.) irregularis COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 166, t. 12, figg. 23, 27. bifurcata D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 56, t. 2, figg. 3839. REUSS, 1848, Neue Forf. Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 367, t. 4f>, fig. 10. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 162, t. 12, fig. 27. Marcki Rss., 1859, Westph. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 188, t. 2, fig. 7. 32 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Dentalina lineolata pulchra Nodosaria nodosa Nodosaria hircieornis oximia sulcata b) obliqua vera: Syn. Nautilus jugosus MONTAG, 1803, Test. Brit. p. 198, t. 14, fig. 4. Nodosarina raphanus var. Dentalina obliqua PARK, and JONES, 1806, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, t. 1, fig. 9. lineolata REUSS, 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 27, t. 8, fig. 8. PARK, and JONES, 1860, For. Chellast; Qu. Journ. geol. Soc. 16, p. 453, t. 19, figg. 1112. GABH., 1859, Am. tert. and cret. foss.; Journ. Philad. Ac. Sc. (2), 4, p. 402, t. 69; figg. 40 41. D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. Moth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 254, N:o 31. Dentalina elegantissima D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vieune p. 55, t. 2, figg. 33 35. Nodosaria acicula PHIL.. 1843, Tert. Versteiner. nonlw. Deutschl. t. 1, fig. 33. Dentalina Konineki Rss., I860, Crag. Antwerp.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 42, p. 356, t. 1, fig. 3. microptycha, arcuata Hss., 1860, Dingd., Westphal.; ibid. p. 364, 365, t. 1, figg. 4 5. Modosaria costellata, Zippoi (pnrtim) Ess., Bohm. Kreidef. 1, p. 27, 25, t. 13, fig. 18; t. 8, fig. 1. Dentalina baltica Hss., 1855, Kreide Meklenb.; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 269, t. 8, fig. ^15. Hornesi, Beyrichana, Lamarcki NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stichost. Ob. Lapugy; Wien. Ak. Dkscbr. 1. 12. 2, p. 89, 91; 1. 4, figg. 1011, 16. Nodosaria acuticosta Rss., 1849, Neue For. Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 368, t. 46, fig. 11. acuticosta, bifurcata BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Tbon Hermsdorf; Zeitsehr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 325, t. 13, figg. 911. SCHWAG., 1866, For. Knr-Nikobar; Novara lleise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 230, t. 6, fig. 64. KABR., 1868, Mioc. For. Kostey ; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 164, t. 4, fig. 1 NILSSON, 1825, MSngrummiga sniickor i kritformat. i Sverige; K. Vet. Ak. Handl. 1825, p. 341; 1827, Petref. svecana p. 8, t. 9, fig. 19. REUSS, 1845, Bohm. Kreidef. 1, p. 26. t. 13, fig. 17. D'ORB., 1839, Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. (2) 4. p. 15, t. 1, figg. 10 13. Dentalina multilineata BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thou Hermsdorf; Zeitsehr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 325, t. 13, fig. 12. Rss., 1873, Gein. Elbthalgeb. Sachsen 2, p. 83, t. 11.20, fig. 13. Rss., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Zeitsehr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 64, t. 3, fig. 13. HKE., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 36, t. 4, fig. 3. GiiMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eoc.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wissensch. Abh. 1.10.2, p. 625, t. 1, fig. 44. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 166, t. 12, fig. 24. Rss., 1855, Kreidef. Meklenb.; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 268, t. 8, fig. 13. Rss., 1855, Kreidef. Meklenb.; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 268, t. 8, fig. 14 a. Rss., 1855. ibid. p. 267, t. 8, fig. 12. polyphragma REUSS, 1859, Wesphal. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 189, t. 3, fig. 1. Nodosaria equisetiformis, acuta, Dentalina Ehrenbergana, fissicostata, Giimbeli, contorta, semilaevis HKE., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 36 -39; t. 2, fig. 11; t. 3, figg. 17, 19, 20; t. 4, figg. 1, 5, 6; t. 12, fig. 13. Dentalina acuta D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 56, t. 2, figg. 4043. Nodosaria siphunculoides COSTA, 1855, Mania terz. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 135, (. 2, fig. 27. stiliformis SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar-Nikobar; Novara Reisc, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 233, t. 6, fig. 59. Dentalina obscura STACHE, 1865, Tert. Mcrgel Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 208, t. 22, fig. 37. paucicostata COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. t. 27, fig. 20. Nodosaria elegans v. MUNSTER, 1838; ROMER, Leonh. u. Bronn Jhrb. 1838, p. 382, t. 3, fig. 1. Dentalina Milnsteri Rss., 1865, Tert. Sch. nordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber, 1. 18, p. 22.">, t. 1, fig. 8. pungens acicularis acutissima Steenstrupi longicauda KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAK. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 33 Syn. Dentalina Schwartzii KARR., 1864, Leythakalk Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 705, t. 1, fig. 5. confluens Rss., 1861, Griinsand N. Yersey; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 335, t. 7, fig. 5. Ehrenbergana, crebricosta NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stichost. Ob. Lapugy; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 90, t. 4, figg. 1214. truncana GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eoc. ; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abb. 1. 10. >, p. 627, t. 1, fig. 47. Nodosaria grossecostata COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 148, t. 12, figg. 1 3. Dentalina Cuvieri D'OBB., 1826, Tab. Meth.; An. So. Nat. 7, p. 255, N:o 45. spinosa D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 55, t. 2, figg. 3637. <) o b 1 i <| u e s t r i a t a : Dentalina obliquestriata Rss. (partim) 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Zeitscbr. deutscb. geol. Ges. 3, p. 63, t. 3, fig. 12. strigosa COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 168, t. 12, fig. 6. Geinitzana NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stichost. Lapug.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 91, t. 4, fig. 15. divergens Rss., 1864, Oberoligociin.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 456, t. 4, fig. 10. Nodosarina-Dentalina obliquestriata PARK, and JONES, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 56, t. 1, fig. 19. d) seminuda: Nodosaria seminuda Rss., 1849, Neuc For. Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 367, t. 46, fig. 9. Dentalina semilaevis HKE., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 39, t. 12, fig. 13. Konincki Rss., 1863, For. Crag. d'Anwers; Bull'. Ac. Belg. (2) 15, p. 146, t. 1, fig. 19. Marginul. corniculum COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 186, t. 13, fig. 14. e) inter mitten sr Dentalina aciculata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. Meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 255, N:o 41. flexuosa D'ORB., 1826, ibid. p. 254, N:o 32. lineata Rss., 1864, Oligocan.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 456, t. 4, fig. 11. Nodosaria flliformis Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 28, t. 12, fig. 28. Dentalina intermittens Rss., 1858, Tert. Sch. nordl. u. mittl. Ueutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 224, t. 1, fig. 7. semiplicata, semicostata D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 52 53, t. 2, figg. 24 28. Nodos. subcanaliculata NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stichost. Ob. Lapugy; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 87, t. 4, figg. 56. Dentalina interlineata Rss., 1855, Kreidegeb. Meklenburg; Zeitschr. dcutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 287, t. 11, fig. 2. MARSSON, 1878, Riigen. Schreihekr.; Greifsw. Nat. Verein. Mitth. 187778, p. 132, t. 1, fig. 11. obliquestriata Rss., 1851 (partim), Sept. Thon Berlin; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 63, t. 3, fig. 11. subornata Rss., 1865, Feuerstein Kreide Kanara Sec; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 52, p. 459, figg. 910. proteus Rss., 1861, KreidestufT Maastricht; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 44, p. 306, t. 1, figg. 6 9 (in Nod. raphamim transiens). f) tenuissime stri.it a.: Nodosaria acicula Rss., 1873, Geinitz' Elbthalgeb. Sachs. 2, p. 82, t. II. 20, fig. 10. K. Sv. Vet-Akart. Hftiull. Band. 1!) N:o 4. > 34 (i( IKS, KETIfULAUIAN KHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SKA. Nodosarinti legumen LIN. Tab. II, figg. 2031. Through such intermediate forms as Marginulina bullata Rss., etc., Nod. legumen becomes closely connected with Nod. radicula. Its great affinity to Nod. communis has been mentioned. The compression of its shell is often very slight. Sometimes it, is quite conspi- cuous during a less adult stage but gives place to a cylindrical form by age. The incli- nation of the septa to the shells axis is also very variable. But it will still be neces- sary to retain this Linnean species, as it must be used as are preservative type of those broader forms, on which D'OiimGNY and others have founded their genera Marginulina and Vaginulina. Frondicularia lingua BOLL, is a connecting link between Nod. legumen and Nod. complanata DEFR. When in the young state the shell is more or less coiled up to a spiral, inter- mediate forms to Nod. crepidula FIGHT, and MOLL are originated. The pigmy forms of Nod. legumen (0,50 1 mm. in length) are not uncommon in the chalk-ooze; the stouter forms (about 12 mm.) occur in the coralline-gravel. Figg. 20 21 b is Vac/in. Icevigata ROM. or Vagin. badencnsis n'Oim.; it is a dwarfish form from the chalk-bottom. Figg. 22 25: highly developed forms; some with the older chambers compressed and those of later growth cylindrical; some with quite cylindrical chambers through all stages of growth. The shell is thin, nearly transparent and of a silky lustre. Figg. 26 26 b: peculiar form, approaching Nod. crepidula. Figg. 27 27 b: the same as Margin, ensis REUSS and Margin, lituus n'OuB. etc. pygmies from the chalk-ooze. Figg. 28 31: stouter forms from the coralline-gravel. foo' a) Nod. Bertheloti D'ORB. sive bullata Rss. Syn. Margin, bullata Rss., 1845, Bohra. Kreide I, p. 29, t. 13, figg. 3438; 1859, Westphai. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 205, t. 6. figg. 46. Margin, pediformis BOJINEMAN, 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorff; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Gescllsch. 7, p. 326, t. 13, fig. 13. , subbullata HKEN., 1875, For. Clavul. Szab. Sch., p. 45, t. 4, figg. 12 13; t. 5, figg. 89. comma ROM., 1841, Verstein. Nordd. Kreide, p. 96, t. 15, fig. 15. Bertheloti D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries, p. 125, t. 1, figg. 1213. > aculeata, hispida, pustulosa, affinis, agglutinans, echinata NEUGEB., 1851, For. Felsii Lapugy; Siebenb. Verein. Mittheil. 1851, p. 142, t. 4, figg. 2125. Crist. (Marg.) spinulosa RARE., 1877, Hoehquell-Wasserleit.; Osterr. geol. lieichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 382, t. 16, fig. 34. Marg. variabilis, Ackneriana, erecta, intermedia NEUGEB., 1851, For. Felso Lapug.; Siebenbiirg. Verein. Mittheil. 1851, p. 133, t. 5, figg. 1016; 1819 (in var. lituura vergens). pauciloculata HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Soh., p. 47, t. 14, fig. 10. KONGL. SV. VKT. AKADEMIKNS HANDUNtiAli. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 35 Syn. Margin, infarcta Kss, 1863, Soptarientlion. Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 48, t. 3, fig. 3637. elongata Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 2, p. 107; t. 24, figg. 3136. deformis, abbroviata, Hauerina, Haidingerina, Czizekiana, inflata NKUGEB., 1851, For. Felso Lapug.; Siubenbiirg. Vereiu. Mittheil. 1851, p. 127, t. 5, figg. 3-7, 9. abbreviata KARIIKU, 1861, Marin. Teg. Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 445, t. 1, fig. 7. Gland, deformis COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 129, t. 11, figg. 1618; 26. Rimulina ventricosa COSTA, 1854, ibid., p. 177, t. 13, fig. 11. Margin, pachygaster GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 633, t. 1, fig. 60. angistoma STACHE, 1865, tert. Mergel Whaingar. Hafen, Novara Rcise, geol. Theil 1. 2, p. 213, t. 22, fig. 46. opaca STACHE, 1865, ibid. p. 214, t. 22, fig. 47. mucronatula STACHE, 1865, ibid. p. 215, t. 22, fig. 48. Crist, spec, indet.; pisiformis, exigua SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch ; Wiirtomb. Nat. Verein. Mittli. Jhrshft. 21, t. 5, fig. 17; t. 6, fig. 9. Cristell. incerta EGG., 1857, Mioc. Ortenburg; Leonb. u. Bronn. Jlirb. 1857, p. 296, t. 14, figg. 3133. Margin, subcrassa SCHWAG., 1866, Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara lleise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 240, t. 6, fig. 82. Psecadium ellipticum, simplex NBUGEB., 1856, For. Stich. Ob. Lapug.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 99, t. 5, figg. 1314. Rss., Fries Modellen N:o 55. Gland, elongata, adunca COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 128, t. 11, figg. 2324. Psecadium subovatum KAKR., 1864. Leythakalk Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 705, t. 1, fig. 7. Nussdorfense, Crist. (Margin.) humilis, mirabilis, ampla KAHR., 1877, Hocbqoell. Wasserleit.; Osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 379, 382, t. 16, figg. 23, 33, 35; 36. b) Nod. lituus D' Crist, cephalotes, lituiformis Rss., 1862, Nordd. Mils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 67, t. 7, figg. 5 6; 1863, Sept. Thon Ofl'enbach ; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 51, t. 4, tig. 50. Hauerina D'OKB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 84, t. 3, figg. 2425. Margin, spinulosa STACHE, 1865, Tert. Merg. Whaingav. Hafen, Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 216, t. 22, fig. 50. cristellarioides Cz.iz., 1847, For. Wien. Beck.; Haid. Nat. Abh. 2. i, p. 140, t. 12, figg. 1416. Crist, gracillima, foeda Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 64, t. 6, figg. 910; 1113. Margin, lituus D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth., Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 259. rhomboidea Czjz., 1847, For. Wien. Beck.; Haid. Nat. Abh. 2. i, p. 141, t. 12, figg. 2123. sublituus PARK, and JONES, 1860, For. Chellaston; Q,u. Journ. geol. Soc. 16, t. 20, fig. 37. glabra PARK, and JONES, 1866, Crag. For.: Pal. Soc. 19, p. 69, t. 1, fig. 26. Crist. Kressenbergensis GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 638, t. 1, fig. 66 (limbata). Margin, lituus PARK, and JONES, 1865, North. All. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 343, t. 13, fig. 14. Crist, calcar var. PARK, and JONES, 1857, For. Coast, of Norway; An. Mag. Nat. Hist. 19, p. 269, t. 10, fig. 1. Margin, neglecta KARR., 1865, Griinsand, Orakey Bay, N. Zeel.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 76, t. 16, fig. 4. 36 GOES, HETICULAKIAN KHI/Ol'ODA OF TIIK CAKIBBKAN SEA. Syn. Margin, irregularis, Beierana (iiiMB., 1862, Streitenl). Sohwammlag.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Vereiu. .Ilirhft. 1862, p. 220, t. 3, figg. 1518; 20. bacillum Kss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 8, p. 29, t. 1, fig. 11; 1859, Wesfplml. Kreidef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 208, t. 6, tig. 8. ensis Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 29, t. 12, fig. 13, 26, 27. Ess., 1850, Kreidem. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abb. 4. i, p. 27, t. 1, fig. 16. gradata D'ORB., 1839, For. Craic bl. Par.; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. (2) 4, p. 18, t. 1, figg. 23 -24 (limbata). c) Nod. glabra n'OKB. (a priecedente vix discerneuda): Margin, pedum D'ORB., 1846, For. tort. Vieiine, p. 68, t. 3, ligg. 13 14. Cristell. simplex D'ORB., ibid. p. 5, t. 3, figg. 2629. glabra D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 259, N:o 6, Mod. N:o 55. similis, triangularis D'ORB., 1846, For. tort. Vionne, p. 69, 71; t. 3, figg. 15 16; 22 23. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 185, t. 16, fig. 18. regularis 1>'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienue, p. 68, t. 3, figg. 912. tumida Ess., 1851, Bottcheri Ess., 1863, Sept. Thon Berlin; Ztsclir. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 64, t. 3, fig. 14; Sept. Thon Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.- Ber. 1. 48, p. 48, t. 3, flgg. 3235; ibid. p. 49, t. 3, fig. 3842. recta HKKN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 47, t. 4, fig. 15. splendens, indifferens, irregularis, budensis HKJBN., ibid. t. 4, figg. 11, 14; t. 14, figg. 23; 5. Bachei BAILEY, 1850, Micr. Examin. of Soundings; Smithson. contrib. knowl. 2, Art. 3, p. 10, figg. 26. tumida GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eociin.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. -2, p. 632, t. 1, fig. 59. soluta, inaequalis Ess., 1859, Wcstphal. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sit.-Bcr. 1, 40, p. 206, t. 7, fig. 4; t. 7, fig. 3; 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wion. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 59, t. 5, fig. 13; t. 6, fig. 8. subtrigona SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar; Novara Ecise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 240, t. 6, fig. 83. Cristell. mucronata KARII., 1878, Foramf. Luzon.; Bolet. Comis. Mapa del Espafia, 7. 2, p. 19, t. F, fig. 2. flaccida, resupinata, megalocephala, deformis, parallela, rasa SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemberg. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 21, pp. 116, 117, 121, 128, t. 4, figg. 27, 28, 29, 30, 34; t. 5, fig. 5; t. 6, fig. 6. contracta COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 186, t. 13, fig. 10. Crist. Dewalquei Ess., 1833, For. Crag. d'Anvers; Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) 15, p. 149, t. 2, figg. 2223. Margin, dubia (et 15 aliit) NEUGEB., 1851, For. Felso Lapug.; Siebenbiirg. Ver. Mittheil. 1851, p. 120, tt. 45; figg. 119; figg. 1, 8. > trilobata D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie blanc. Par.; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. (2) 4, p. 16, t. 1, figg. 1617. Parkeri, Crist. Schlonbachi, exilis, parallela, Ess., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 59, 64, 66, 67; t. 5, fig. 14; t. 6, figg. 14 15; t. 6, fig. 19; t. 7, figg. 1-2. calliopsis Ess., ibid. p. 60, t. 5, fig. 16; Crist, humilis Ess., ibid. t. 6, figg. 16, 17 (limbata). Crist. Gosee Bss., 1854, Kreide. Ostalpen; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 7, p. 67, t. 7, fig. 25 (limbata). Margin, compressa D'ORB., 1839, Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. (2) 4, p. 17, t. 1, figg. 1819. gladius PHIL., 1843, Tert. Verstein. n. w. Deutschl., t. 1, fig. 37; Ess., 1855, Tert. Sehicht: nordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 232, tt. 2, 3, figg. 31 33; Ess., 1864, Oberoligocan., Wien. Ak. Sitz.- Ber. 1. 50*. p. 462, t. 2, figg. 14-17; HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sehicht., p. 51, t. 5, fig. 12 (limbata). KONGL. SV. VKT. AKAOKMIKNS HANDL1NGAK. BAND. 19. N:O 4. .'57 Syn. Margin, simplex KARR., 1861, Maria. Tcgt;l Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 445, t. 1, tig. G. modesta Rss, 1859, Westphiil. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Bcr. 40, p. 207, t. 7, fig. 5. crassa, mutabilis, lata CORN., 1848, Nouv. foss. cret.; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. (2) 3, p. 251, 252, t. 1, figg. 2225, 2631; 3437. lata Rss., 1859, Westpbal. Kreiilef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 206, t. 5, fig. 7. Cristell. lata KAKK., 1879, Hocliquell. Wasserleit.; Osterr. geol. Rcichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 383, t. 16, fig. 37. subarcuata GUMB , 1868, Nordalp. Eociin.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 637, t. 1, fig. 64. Margin, jurassica GUMB., 1862, Streitenberg. Scliwammlager; Wiirtemb. Nat. Wiss. Ver. Jhrlift. 1862, p. 222, t. 3, figg. 2122. Cristell. compressa COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 27, fig. 23. Vagin. denudata. incompta, plana, protosphsera Ilss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Akad. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 45, 68, 72; t. 3, fig. 4; t. 3, fig. 5; t. 8, fig. 3; t. 7, fig. 8 (in Vaginulinam s. I'lauulariam propriam transiens). d) Vagiuulina D'ORB. Vaginulina Kochi var. luuvis ROM., 1842, Neue Kreidefor.; Leonh. u. Bronn. ,' Jhrb. 1842, p. 273, t. 7B, lig. 1. Planularia longa CORN., 1848, Nouv. foss. microse. eret.; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. (2) 3, p. 253, t. 1, figg. 38-39. costata CORN., ibid. p. 253, t. 2, figg. 5 8. Vaginulina elegans I/ORB., 1826, Tabl. raeth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 257, Mod. 54. marginulinoides, truncata, arguta, recta, corynota, protosphsera (alia) Ess., 1862, Nordd. Hils. u. Gault: Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 44, 47,48,90, t. 3, figg. 2, 9, 13-15; t. 12, figg. 910. arguta Kss., 1859, Westphal. Kreidef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 40, p. 202, t. 8, fig. 4. transversalis, bieostulata Rss., 1859, ibid. t. 8, figg. 3, 5. ligata Rss., 1864, Oberoligociiii.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 457, t. 1, fig. 11. Vaginulina Geinitzi HKUSS, 1873, Geinitz, Elbthalgeb. Sachs. 2, p. 91, t. II. 20, fig. 1. costulata Rss., ibid. t. II. 20, fig. 24. Margin. costulata REUSS., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 28, t. 13, fig. 25. Vaginulina costulata ROM., 1842, Neue Kreidefor.; Leonh. u. Broun., Jhrb. 1842, p. 273, t. 7. B, fig. 3, a. b. c. (in N. leguraen typicam transgrediens.) italica COSTA, 1855, Marna terz. Messiua; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 143, t. 2, fig. 15 (semistriata). Bruckenthali NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stichosteg. Ob. Lapug.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, . p. 98, t. 5, fig. 10. e) Nod. legumen propria s. Nod. Isevigata ROM.; elongata D'ORB. Nautilus legumen MONTAGU, 1808, Test. Britan. Supplera. p. 82, t. 19, fig. 6. Dentalina legumen WILLIAMS., 1858, Rec. For. p. 22, fig. 45. Vaginulina caudata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth., Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 258, N:o 8. badenensis D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 65, t. 3, figg. 6 8. NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stichost. Ob. Lapugy; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 98, t. 5, figg. 7, 9. subulata EHRENB., 1854, Microgeol., t. 24, fig. 10. leevigata ROM., 1838, Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 383, t. 3, fig. 11. Rss., 1855, Tert. Schicht. nordl. u. mittl. Deutschl., p. 226, t. 1, fig. 9. Margin, gracilis CORN., 1848, Nouv. foss. microse.; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. (2) 3, p. 252, t. 1, figg. 32-33. elongata D'ORB., 1839, Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. 4, p. 17, t. 1, figg. 2021. 38 GOES, HET1CULAKIAN KHI/OPOKA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. Marginulina elongata Rss., 1845, Bolun. Kreide, 1, p. 29, t. 13, tig. 2832; 2, p. 107, t. 24, fig. 36. Cristell. luna KARH., 1868, Mioc. For. Kami. Kostcj; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 171, t. 4, fig. 6. Marginulina Bomeri Kss., 1845, Bohra. Kreide. 1, p. 28, t. 8, fig. 10. Beyrichi Rss., 1855, Tert. Schicht. nordl. u. mittl. Dcutschl.; Wicn. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 226, t. 1, tig. 10. Vaginulina cretse EHKENB., 1854, Microgeo)., t. 24, fig. 8. bullosa EUBENB., ibid. t. 24, fig. 9. Cristellaria perprocera SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikob.; Novara Reise, guol. Th. 2. a, p. 241, t. 6. fig. 84. Marginulina linearis, Cristell. linearis Rss., 1862, Nordd. Mils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.46, p. 60, t. 5, fig. 15; t. 12, tig. 1. Vaginulina recta KAUR., 1865, Tert. Griinsand, Orakey Bay; Novara Reise, geol. Tlicil 1. '>, p. 74, t. 16, fig. 2 (limbata). Marginulina obliqua llss., 1853, Kreidef. Ostalp.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 7, p. 65, t. 25, tig. 9 (limbata). Vaginulina legumen PAEKEK and JONES, 1860, For. Chellaston; Qu. Journ. geol. Soe. 1(>, p. 453, t. 19, fig. 2628. Nodosaria legumen Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 28, t. 13, tig. 24. Ess., 1859, Westphiil. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 187. t. 3, tig. 5. Vagin. legumen subvar. Issvigata PARK, and JONES, 1866, Crag. Foramf.; Palaeont. Soc. 19, p. 66, t. 4, fig. 9. Dentalina marginulinoid.es Rss., 1850, Kreidem. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 25, t. 1, fig. 12. eequivoca COSTA 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 170, t. 13, tig. 8. f) in Nod. crepidulara transiens: Cristellaria coolatu SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 244, t. 7, fig. 88. Kochi Rss., 1865, Sept. Thon Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. i. p. 139, t. 2, fig. 35. HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 53, t. 5, tig. 7. propinqua HKEN., ibid. p. 52, t. 5, tig. 4. Hemicristellaria infrapapillata, verrucosa STACHE, Mergel d. Wbaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 224, 226, t. 22. fig. 4; t. 23, fig. 5. Marginulina Hochstetteri STACHE, ibid. p. 221, t. 22, fig. 55. g) in Nod. complanatam DEFR. transiens: Frondicul. ensiformis UOM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeressand; Leonh. u. Brouu. Jhrb. 1838, p. 382, t. 3, tig. 8. lingua BOLL, BRUCKNER, 1846, Ostseelandern, p. 177, t. 2, fig. 12. KONGL. SV. VKT. AKADKMIKNS IIANDLINOAK. HANJ). 19. N:t) 4. 39 Nodosarina Icgumen LIN. var. lincaris MONTAGU. Tab. [I, fig. 3235. This variety is not generally provided with broad and prominent ribs, but it will be impossible to define it from such forms, represented, as they are, by Mctrginulina raphnnus D*0BB. with very few and strong ribs. It is often quite cylindrical and hardly to be distinguished from Nod. communis var. ubliqua. It has also its forma obliquestriata, which has been considered as a feature of specific importance. It has also its forma seminuda and inter-mittens with many names, as Frondicnl. seminuda Rss., Marg. granitocalcarea GflMB., Marg. vaginella Rss. etc. Fig. 32 represents a stout, quite cylindrical nicely striated form with a strong affinity to Nod. comrnunis var. obliqua; from the coralline-gravel. Fig. 33 is near to Marg. rapkanus D'ORB. but is finer costate than this. Some- times in our form the cost3 are interrupted, becoming like chains of raised dashes. It is somewhat obliquely costulated, which is not uncommonly the case with all striated forms of Nodosarina-genus. Figg. 34 35 is near to or perhaps identical with Robulina ariminensis D'ORB. ; which also may be considered as the raphanus-form of Nodosaria calcar LIN. n) Nod. Raphano propinqua: Syn. Margin. Baphanus, sublituus n'Oiiii., 1826, Tabl. meth., Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 258, N:o 1, Mod. N-.o 6; t. 10, figg. 78, p. 259, N:o 9. Nautilus costatus BATSCH., 1791, Secbs Kupfertaf. t. 1, fig. la Ig. (sec. PARK, and JONES.) Marg. rugoso-costata D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vierine, p. 70, t. 3, figg. 19 21. Vaginul. linearis (MONTAGU) PARK, and JONES, 1865, For. N. Atl. and Arct. Oceans; Phil. Transact. 155. 1, p. 343, t. 13, fig. 1213; t. 16, fig. 1. Nodosarina raphanus raarginuloidea PARK, and JONES, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 71, t. 1, fig. 21. Crist, subarcuatula var. costata (partim) WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. For. p. 31, fig. 63. Margin, tenuissima, Jonesi, Mulleri, striatocostata, dispar, robusta, turgida Kss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gatilt; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 6163, t. 5, figg. 1819; t. 6, figg. 12, 4, 7. Nodosaria laevipes MARSS., 1878, Riig. Sehreibekr.; Greifsw. Nat. Verein. Mitth. 1877 78, p. 130, t. 1, fig. 6. Margin, corticulata, spec, indet., Crist, sculptilis SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 21, p. 118, 129, t. 4, fig. 32; t. 7, fig. 23; t. 6, fig. 10. Dentalina gibbosa, Margin, interamnise COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 167, 184, t. 12, fig. 7; t. 13, fig. 9. Vagin. sulcata COSTA, 1855, Marna terz. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 145, t. 2, fig. 17. Margin, interrupta, apiculata, pellucida, tricuspis, asprocostulata, elatissima STACHE, 1865, tert. Mergel Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Eeise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 212, 216219, t. 22, figg. 45, 49; 5154. costata, rugosa NEUGKB., 1856, For. Stichosteg.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 98, t. 5, fig. 11; 1851: Siebenb. Verein. Mittheil. t. 4, fig. 20. raricosta D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie blanche Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. 4, p. 51, t. 1, fig. 25. tunicata HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 48, t. 14, fig. 8. serratocostata GUMB., 1862, Streitenberg. Scliwammlager; Wiirtemb. Verein. Jhrhft. 17, p. 222, t. 3, fig. 23. Cristell. crassicosta KARR., 1870, Kreidef. Leitzendorf ; Osterr. geol. Reichs.mst. Jhrb. 20, p. 177, t. 11, fig. 8. 40 (i()i-:S, RETICULAR1AN UHI/OPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. ft) obliquestriata: Syn. Margin, obliquestriata KARR., 1861, Mar. Tegel Wien. Beck.; Wicn. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1, 44, p. 446, t. 1, fig. 8. y) crenulato-costata, vel papillato-limbata: Nautilus senvilituus MONTAGU, 1808, Testae. Brit. Suppl., p. 80, t. 19, fig. 3. Cristell. Behmi Rss., 1865, deutscb. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25, p. 138, t. 2, fig. 37. (Margin, hirsutoe I/ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, t. 3, figg. 17 18, valde propinqva). Margin. Behmi, areuata, fragaria HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 48, 51, 53, t. 5, figg. 12; t. 14, fig. 6; t. 5, fig. 10; t. 6, figg. 13. rugoso-striata, fragaria, eoronata, asperula, cumulicostata GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocfin.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 633638, t. 1, figg. 5758; 61; 65; 67. (J) semi nu da: Nautilus linearis MONTAGU, 1808, Test. Brit. Supplem. p. 87, t. 30, fig. 9. Dentalina legumen var. linearis WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. For. p. 23, figg. 46 48. Vaginulina lens COSTA, 1855, Mama terz. Mess.; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 144, t. 2, fig. 16. Nodosarina Vaginulina legumen, subv. linearis PARK, and JONES, 1866, Crag. forf. ; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 67, t. 1, figg. 10-12. Margin, tenuissima var. Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 4C, p. 92, t. 12. fig. 12. seminotata Rss., 1859, Westph. Kreidef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 40, p. 208, t. 5, fig. 6. semicostata Rss., 1851, Tert. Sch. Ob. Schles.; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. 3, p. 152, t. 8, fig. 3. vaginella Rss., 1851, Tert. Sch. Oberschles.; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. 3, p. 152, t. 8, fig. 2. tonsillaris, granitocalcarea GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eociin.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. 1. 10. 2, p. 634, t. 1, figg. 56; 62. Frond, seminuda Rss., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Ztschr. deutsch, geol. Ges. 3, p. 65, t. 3, fig. 1516. b) magis complanata (= Vaginulina, Planularia I/ORB.). Vagin. striata n'OiiB., 1826, Tabl. meth., Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 257, N:o 3. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 182, t. 16, fig. 17. angustissima Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 45, t. 3, fig. 3. Frond, tricostulata Rss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 3C8- t. 46, fig. 12. Flabell. striata HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 43, t. 13, fig. 13. ensiformis Rss., 18G3, Oberoligocan.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 460, t. 5, fig. 2- Crist, subarcuatula var. costata WILLIAMS, Brit. rec. Forf.; p. 31, figg. 64 67. Marg. flabellata GiiMB., 1862, Streitenb. Schwamralag.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 17, p. 223, t. 3, fig. 24. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 41 Syn. Vagin. eocaena, dilute-striata GIJMB., 1868, For. Nordalp. Eociin.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 632, 639, t. 1, fig. 49; fig. 69. a harpa ROM., 1842, Verstein. Nordd. Kreidegeb. p. 96, t. 15, fig. 12. Dunkeri KOCH, Palreontogr. 1. 4, p. 172, t. 24, fig. 3. Planulina reticulata COUN., 1848, Nouv. foss. mior, Mem. geol. France (2) 3, p. 253, t. 2, fig. 14. Vagin. striatula ROM., 1842, Neue Kreideforamf. ; Lconh. u. Broun. Jlirb. 1842, p. 273, t. 7 B, fig. 2. Citharina strigillata Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreidef. 2, p. 106, t. 24, fig. 29. Vagin. PAKK. and JONES, 1860, For. Chellast., Qu. Journ. geol. Soc. 16, p. 453, t. 19, fig. 29; t. 20, figg. 3136. acuminata, orthonota, cristellaroides Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.- Ber. 1. 46, p. 48, 4y, t. 4, figg. 1, 3; t. 3, fig. 17. discors, intumescens Rss., ibid. t. 3, figg. 10 12; t. 4, fig. 2. " sparsicostata, harpa, paucicostata, incrassata Rss., ibid., p. 50 52, t. 4, figg. 4 9. notata Rss., 1859, Westph. Kreidef.; Wieii. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.40, p. 203, t. 9, fig. 3. b. /?) interlineata: Vagin. Zeuschneri Rss., 1850, Kreidemergel Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 28, t. 1, fig. 19. Schlonbachi, striolata, Strombecki, paucistriata Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 4648, t. 3, figg. 68; 16. b. y) seminuda. Planularia Cymba, Auris, rostrata n'Oius., 1826, Tabl. metli., Ann. So. Nat. 7, p. 260, N:ris 4, 5, 7, t. 10, fig. 9; Mod. 27 (in N. crepidulam vergens). Frond, pulchra I/ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. France 4, p. 25, t. 2, figg. 1214. Crist, compressa, lanceolata, semiluna D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. "Vienne, p. 86, 89, 90, t. 3, figg. 3233; 41 44 (in N. crepidulam vergens). auricula Rss., 1855, tert. Sch. iiordl. u. raittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 235, t. 3, fig. 38. Frond, interrupta, longiuscula, typica, lanceolata, angustata, similis, ovata, subangulata, subfalcata, silicula COSTA, 1855, Marna terz. Messina, Mem. Nap. 2, p. 372, 373; t. 2, figg. 2526; t. 3, figg. 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19. 20. Cristell. vaginata KARRER, 1878, Foramf. Luzon; Bolet. Comis. Mapa geolog. del Espaiia 7 2, p. 18, t. F, fig. 1. c) f rondicularioi dea: Flabellina ensiformis Rss., 1855, Tert. Sch. nordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 229, t. 2, figg. 2324. obliqua Rss., (partim) ibid., t. 2, figg. 2022; 1864, Oberoligociin.; Wien. Aknd. Sit/..-Ber. 1. 50, p. 460, t. 2, figg. 57. K. Sv. Vol. Akail. H.indl. Bil. 19. N:n 4. 42 GOES, HETICULAKIAN UHlZOPoUA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Appendix. Nodosarina (Frondicularia) striata D'OKB. Syn. Frond, angusta, angustissima, lanceola Rss., 1859, Westpli. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 40, p. 196198, t. 4, figg. 56; t. 5, fig. 1. Flabellina cuneata Kss. 1855, Tert. Sch nordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 231, t. 2, fig. 29. >. Rss., 1864, Oberoligoc.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 460, t. 2, fig. 8. .) >) BRADY, 1881, Notes on retic. Rhi/.op.; Qu. Journ. inicr. Sc. (n. s.) p. 271, t. 8, fig. 7. Frond. Antonina KARR., 1878, Foramf. Luzon.; Bolet. Comis. Mapa geol. del Espana 7. '2, p. 17, t. E, fig. 14. striata JJ'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 256, N:o 3. angusta Rss., 1845, Bolim. Kreide 1, p. 29, t. 8, figg 13 (non fig. 14). trisulca, striatula, apiculata Rss., 18-15, B6hm. Kreide 1, p. 30, t. 8, figg. 22 24; t. 43, fig. 11. d:o Rss., 1873, GEIN., Elbthalgeb. Sachsen, 2, p. 94, t. II. 20, fig. 2. striatula PARK, and JONES, 1860, For. Chellast.; Qu. Journ. guol. Soc. 16, t. 19. figg. 1618. capillaris Rss., 18,50, Kreidemerg. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 29, t. 1, fig. 20. pala KARR., 1870, Kreidef. Leitzendorf; Jahrb. k. k. b'sterr. geol. Reichsanst. 20, p. 172, t. 10, fig. 11. multilineata Rs?., 1853, Kreide Ostalp.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 7, p. 66, t. 25, fig. 5. Reussi, sculpta, badenensis, paupera KARR., 1861, Marin. Tegel Wien. Beck.; W r ien. Ak. Sitz. Ber. 1.44, p. 441, 443, t. 1, fig. 14. tricuspis Rss., 1849, Neue for. osterr. tert. Becken; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 368, t. 46, fig. 13. Hornesi, Lapugyensis, speciosa NEUGEB., 1856, For. Sticliost. Ob. Lapug.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2. p. 93, t. 5, fig. 14. inversa Rss., 1873, GEIN., Elbthalgeb. Sachs. 2, p. 94, t. II. 21, figg. 57. concinna KOCH, Palwontogr. 1. 4, p. 172, t. 24, fig. 5. Rss., 1862, Nordd. Mils u. Gault; \Vieu. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 54, t. 4, fig. 13. foliola KARR., 1868, Mioc. Forfauna Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 167, t. 4, fig. 4. interrupta, superba, sculpta KARR., 1877, Hochqu. Wasserl.; osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 380, 381, t. 16, tig. 27, 29, 30. solea v. HAG., 1842, Riigeu. Kreideverst. ; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1842, p. 569, t. 9, fig. 20. solea, multistriata, linguseformis, afflnis MARS., 1877, Riigen. Schreibekr.; Greifswald. Nat. Verein. Mittheil. 187778, p. 133136, t. 2, figg. 1215. ft) seminuda et interlineata: Frond, intermittens Rss., 1865, Feuersteinkreide Kanara See; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 52, p. 460, fig. 11. guestphalica, Becksi, strigillata Rss., 1859, Westphal. Kreidef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 192, 195, t. 6, figg. 24. semicosta, raricosta KARR. 1877, Hochqu. Wasserleit.; k. k. osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Abh. 9, t. 16, figg. 26, 28. Dumontana Rss., 1860, Crag. Antwerp; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 42, p. 359, t. 1, fig. 7. cuneata ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeress.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 383, t. 3, fig. 10. " elongata, spatulata COSTA, 1855, Mama terz. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 371, t. 3, fig. 1, t. 2, fig. 19. Isevigata KARR., 1868, Mioc. Kostej.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 167, t. 4, fig 3. sulcata BOHNEM., 1854, Liasform. GSUingcn p. 37, t. 3, fig. 22. KONGL. 8V. VET. AKAUEMIENS HANDLINGAK. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 43 Syn. Frond, striata ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeress.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jlirl). 1838, p. 382, t. 3, fig. 9. Flabell. >< Rss., 1855, Tert. Schicht. nordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 230, t. 2, figg. 2528. Frond, microsphsera Rss., 1873, Gein. Elbthalgeb. Sachs. 2, p. 94, t. II. 21, fig. 4. Planularia elliptica NJLSS., 1827, Petref. Svet-., p. 11, t. 9, fig. 21. PFrond. Cordai Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide. 1, t. 8, figg. 2628; 2, t. 24, tig. 38. Frond. Cordai llss., ibid. t. 13, fig. 41. llss., 1859, Kreideg. Ostalp.; Wien. Aknd. Sitz.-Ber. 7, t. 25, fig. 3, p. 66. .. speciosa KARR., 1870, Kreidef. Leitzendorf; Jhrb. k. k. osterr. geol. Reichsanst. 20, p. 175, t. 11, fig. 6. radiata D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. France 4, p. 19, t. 1, figg. 2628. Hosiusi Rss., 1860, For. Dingden. Westphal.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 42, p. 365. t. 1, figg. 89. " annularis D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, t. 2, figg. 44 47. Nodosarina Crepidula FICHT. and MOLL. Tab. II, III, figg. 3644. This species constitutes a link between Nod. leguinen and Nod. calcar. Our long list of synonyms shows how steadily and gradually this transformation goes on. it does not attain any high development either on the coralline-gravel or on the chalk- bottom, and remains a dwarf in comparison with the allied Nod. calcar from the same localities. Figg. 36 37 comes near to Crist, cymboidcs D'OKB., Crist, nummulitica GUMB. arid others with a very slight helicoid arrangement of the first chambers. It is not possible to distinguish such pigmy forms from some forms of Nod. complanata DEFR. in their earliest stage of growth. Fig. 38, more inflated and irregular in growth, is called Crist, subarcuatula (WALK.) by WILLIAMSON loc. cit. Fig. 39, stouter with some remaining features of Nod. legumen. Fig. 40 aulostoma-form. Figg. 41 42, pygmies from the chalk-bottom. Fig. 43, the same with a peculiar arrangement of the first chambers. Fig. 44, (tab. II) broad carinated form with a strong affinity to Nod. calcar., from the coralline-gravel. a) Nod. legumini proxima, vix distincta: Svn. Margin, vagina NEUGEB., 1856, For. Stich. Ob. Lapug.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 12. 2, p. 103, t. 5, fig. 12. Cristell. recta, limbata Rss , 1845, Bohm. Kreidef. 1, t. 13, fig. 55, 56. Hagenowi, tripleura, harpa, inepta Rss.. 1859, Westphal. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40. p. 210, 211, t. 9, tigg. 56; t. 10, figg. 12, 4. Cristell. Koneni Rss., 1865, deut. Sept. Thon- Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. 1, p. 139, t. 3, tig. 1. vaginalis Rss., 1863, Sept. Thon. Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 50, t. 4, fig. 49. major, deformis BOKNEM., 1854, Liasl'orm. Gottingen p. 40, 41, t. 4, figg. 31, 35. 44 GOES, RETICULAKIAN KHIZOPODA OF THK CARIBBEAN SEA. Syu. Cristell. intermedia Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreidef. 1, p. 33. t. 13, figg. 5758; 2, p. 108, t. 24, figg. 5051. dilecta Ess., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 71, t. 7, fig. 12 (limbata). Hemicrist. procera, excavata, Hemirob. compressa STACHE 1865, Tert. Mergel d. Whaingar. Haf. ; Nov. Eeise, geol. 1, 2. p. 222, 224, 229, t. 23, tig. 1, 3, 8. Cristell. sequilata Kss., 1864, Oberoligocan.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50. p. 462, t. 2, fig. 13. manubrium SCHWAG. 1863, Jurass. Sch. ; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein Jhrsheft. 21, p. 121, t. 5, fig. 6. Cristell. porvaensis, minuta, elegans HTKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Schicht., p. 50, 88, t. 14, figg. 1, 7, 4. conferta Ess., 1863, Sept. Thon Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 50, t. 4, fig. 46. inclinata, increscens Ess., 1863, ibid. p. 50 t. 4, figg. 45; 47 48. ineurvata, perobliqua Ess., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 66, 67, t. 6, fig. 18; t. 7, fig. 3. " hastata KAKR., 1878, Foramf. Luzon.; Bolet. Comis. Mapa geol. del Espana 7. 2, p. 20, t. F, fig. 4. b) raagis typica: Nautilius crepidula FICHT. and MOLL., 1803, Test. micr. p. 107, t. 19, figg. g i. Cristell. cymboides D'ORB., 1846, Bass. tert. Vienne, p. 86, t. 3, figg. 3031. HTKEN., 1875, Clav. Szub. Sch. p. 49, t. 5, fig. 3. nummulitica GUMB.. 1868, Nordalp. Eoc.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh 1.10.2 p 636, t. 1 fig. 63. HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 51, t. 6, fig. 4. dentata KARR., 1867, For. Faun. Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 348, t. 1, fig. 1. insolita SCUWAG., 1866, For. Kar-Nikobar; Nov. Eeise, geol. Th. 2, 2, p. 242, t. 6, fig. 85. Vagin. laminseformis GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eoc.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. 1, 10. 2, p. 632, t. 1, fig. 48. Cristell. angusta Ess., 1850, Kreidera. Lemberg ; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 32, t. 2, fig 7. Margin, triangularis COSTA, 1855, For. Mama bin d. Vaticano; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 119, t. 1, fig. 9. Cristell. spongiphila GUMB., 1862. Streitenb. Schwammlag.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 17, p. 224, t. 3, fig. 26. Margin. Webbiana D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries, p. 124, t. 1, figg. 7 11. Cristell. denticulata Bss., 1845, Bohm. Kreidef. 1, p. 33, t. 8, fig. 12. recta D'ORB., 1839, Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. 4, p. 28, t. 2, figg. 2324. cornucopise, Pcomplanata SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch., Wiirtemb. Nat. Ver. Jhrhft. 21, t. 1. figg. 5-7; t. 5, fig. 8. Margin, compressa, Cristell. complanata Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreidef. 1, p. 29, 33, t. 13, figg. 33, 54. Cristell. complanata Ess., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 92, t. 12, fig, 13 (limbata). compressiuscula MARSS., 1877, Eiig. Schreibekr.; Greifsw. Nat. .Verein. Mittheil. 1877 78, p. 142. crepidulseformis GUMB., 1871, Ulmer Gem. Mergel; Munch. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1, p. 66, t. 1, fig. 11. Fraasi SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Schicht.; Wurtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 21, p. 123, t. 5, fig. 10. o tensa, subcompressa, spicula, irretita, amygdaloidea, laminosa, inclusa, serrigib- bosa, subscalprata, insecta, impleta, multangulosa, implicata, turgida, subangulata, suprajurassica, lanceolata, Giimbeli, cristata, comptula, Alberti, collarifera SCHWAG., 1863, ibid, t. 5, figg. 4, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16; t. 6, figg. 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20; t. 7, fig. 24. Planularia crepidularis EOM., 1842, Neue Kreidef.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1842, p. 273, t. 7 B, fig. 4 (in N. legumen vergens.) Cristell. varians BORNEM., 1854, Liasform. Gottingen p. 41, t. 4, figg. 32 34. KONGL. SV. VKT. AKAUEMIEN, 1 -' 1IANDL1NGAK. BAND. 19. N:0 4. 45 Syn. Cristell. Fraasi GiJMB., 1871, Ulm. Cem. Mergel; Miincb. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1, p. 67, t. l,fig. 12. reniformis D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 88, t. 3, figg. 3940. Nautilus subarcuatulus MONTAGU, 1808, Test. Brit. Suppl. p. 80, t. 19, tig. 1 (limbata). Margin, s. potius Planularia spirata, arcuata, compressiuscula, intermedia, semicircularis PHIL., 1843, Tert. Verstein. n. w. Deutschl. t. 1, figg. 2729, tigg. 3839. Cristell. arcuata, arguta, Nauckana Ess., 1855, Tert. Schicht. norrll. u. mittl. Deutschl.; AVien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 233, 235, t. 3, figg. 34, 3740 (limbata). > arcuata Rss., 1864, deutsche Oberoligoc.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 463. t. 2, figg. 911. voluta CORN., 1848, nouv. foss. microsc. cret.; Mem. Soc. geol. France (2) 3, p. 255, t. 2, figg. 1416. Schwageri HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szub. Sch. p. 49, t. 5, fig. 11. Bertheloti D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries p. 127, t. 1, figg. 14 15 (in Nod. leguraeu vergens). Isevigata Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wicn. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 92, t. 12, fig. 14 (in N. leguraen vergens). crepidula D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 41, t. 8, figg. 1719. crepidularis llss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien, Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 69, t. 7, fig. 10 (limbata). tricarinella Rss., 1862, ibid. p. 68, t. 7, fig. 9; t. 12, figg. 24 (limbata). Planularia orbiculata ROM., 1842, Neue Kreidefor.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1842, p. 273, t: 7 B, fig. 6. Cristell. truncana GUMB., 1868, For. nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. \Viss. 1. 10. 2, p. 639, t. 1, fig. 68. subarcuatula WILLIAMS., 1859, Brit. rec. Foramf., p. 30, figg. 56 62. calcar var. oblonga WILLIAMS.. 1859, ibid. p. 28, fig. 55. Strombecki, grata Kss. 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault, Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1, 46, p. 68, 70, t. 7, figg. 7, 14. intermedia ALTH., 1849, Umgeb. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 3. 2, p. 267, t. 13, fig. 23. multiseptata Rss., 1850, Kreidemerg. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4, i, p. 33, t. 2, fig. 9. Jugleri Rss., 1851, Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 89, t. 4, fig. 19. crepidula PAKK. and JONES, 1865, N. all. and Arct. Oc., Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 344, t. 13, figg. 1516; t. 16, fig. 4. decorata Rss., 1855, Kreidegeb. Meklenburg; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 269, t. 8, fig. 16; t. 9, figg. 12 (limbata). Planularia crepidula I/ORB., Cristell. elongata, bilobata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth. Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 260, N:o 6; p. 292, N:ris 11, 12. Auris D'ORB. 1826, Tabl. meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 260, N:o 5. Cristell. Soldani D'ORB., 1826, ibid. p. 291, N:o 4. plana Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault 1. 16, p. 72, t. 8, fig. 3. cassis D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 290, N:o 3, Mod. 83; 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 91, t. 4, figg. 4 7. Planularia auricula v. MLNST.; HOMER, 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeressande; Leonh. u, Bronu. Jhrb. 1838, p. 383. t. 3, fig. 12. Bronni PARK, and JONES, 1860, For. Chellaston; Q,u. Journ. geol. Soc. 16, t. 20, fig. 40. Cristell. foliacea MARSS., 1877, Rug. Schreibekr.; Greifsw. Nat. Verein. Mitth. 187778, p. 143, t. 2, fig. 18. Jurassica, alata GUMB., 1862, Streitberg. Schwammlag.; Wurttemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 1862, p. 224, t. 3, fig. 25; p. 226, t. 4, fig. 1. pauperata? GUMB., 1869, Cassiau u. Raibl. Schicht.; Osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Jhrb. 19, p. 182, t. 6, tigg. 2930. Rob. lata Rss., 1863, Sept. Thon Offenbach, Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 52, t. 5, fig. 57. Cristell. spinulosa Rss., 1851, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. (2) 4, 1852, p. 17 c. fig. xylograph. 46 GOES, KETICULAKIAN KHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. S.vn. Planularia pauperata PARK, and JONES, 1860, For. Chellast.; Clu. Journ. geol. Soc. 16, t. 20, fig. 39. Cristell. pauperata SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 21, p. 131, t. 6, fig. 15. Planularia nodosa v. HAGEN., 1812, Riigcn. Krcide; Leonh. u. Bronii. Jhrb. 1842, p. 569, t. 9, fig. 21. c) frondicularioidea: Cristell. Gaudryana D'OEB., 1839, Flab, rugosa, Baudouiniana Craie bl. Paris; Mern. Soc. geol. Fr. 4, t. 2, 2627, figg. 4, 5, 7. 811. Flab, rugosa, Baudouiniana, ornata Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 32, 33, t 8, figg. 31 36, t. 13, figg. 4852; t. 24, fig. 43; 1873, Geinitz' Elbthalgeb. Sachs. 2, p. 99, t. II. 21, fig. 1. Flab, macrospira Ess., 1859, Westphiil. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.40, p. 217, t. 9. fig. 2. cristellaroides, Jonesi KAIUI., 1877, Hochqu. Wasserleit.; Osterr. geol. Eeichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 381382, t. 16, figg. 3132. incrassata Rss., 1867, Steinsalzablager. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 85. t. 3, fig. 6. rugosa JONES & PAKK. 1860, For. fr. Chellaston; Quart. Journ. geol. Soc. 16, t. 19, figg. 2021. simplex Rss., 1850, Kreidem. Lemberg; Haid. nat. Abh. 4. 1, p. 31, t. 2, fig. 2. budensis HKE., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 44, t. 4, fig. 17. lingula Rss., 1861, Kreidef. Riigen; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 326, t. 5, figg. 6-7. ? cordata Rss. (partim), 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1. p. 32, t. 8, figg. 3946; 1854, Kreide Ostalp.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr., p. 67, t. 25, figg. 68. ? interpunctata Rss., 1859, Westph. Kreide, Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 216, t. 9, fig. 1. ? oblonga Ess., 1855, Tert. Schicht. n. u. m. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 226, t. 1, figg. 11 16; t. 2, figg. 1719 (in Frond, compla- natam DEFR. transiens). d) in Nod. calcar transgrediens: Cristell. otaliqua v. HAG., Kreideverstein. Riigen; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1842, p. 573, t. 9. fig. 25. planiuscula Rss., 1862. Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz-Ber. 1. 46, p. 71, t. 7, fig. 15. pulchella, sulcifera, nuda var. Ess., 1842, ibid. p. 71, 74, 72, t. 8, figg. 1, 8,|2. Wetzleri GUMB., 1871, Ulmer Cem. Merg; Munch. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1, p. 67, t. 1, fig. 14. ji franconica GUMB., 1862, Streitberg. Schwammlag.; Wiirtemb. Nat."Verein. Jhrb. 1862, p. 225, t. 3, fig. 27. minima, ornata, galeata, Bobulina porvaensis HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 54, 58, t. 13, fig. 21; t. 13, 14, figg. 20, 12; t. 18, fig. 19, t. 14, fig. 11 (N. calcari proxima). recurrens, spectabilis Ess., 1865, Deutsch. Septarienthon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. 1, p. 140, t. 2, fig. 36; t. 3, figg. 910. Gerlachi, simplicissima, concinna Ess., 1862, Sept. Thou. Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 51, t. 4, fig. 54; t. 5, figg. 5559; t. 4, figg. 5153; t. 5, fig. 58. Bob. deformis Rss., 1862, ibid. p. 53, t. 5, figg. 6061. Cristell. nuda, Williamson! Ess., 1861, Kreide v. Eugen; Wien. Ak.^Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 327, 328, t. 6, figg. 1, 4. auriformis Ess., 1851, Tert. Schinht. Oberschlesien; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 153, t. 8, fig. 4. Bob. lepida Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 2, p. 109, t. 24, fig. 46. Cristell. granulata, minuta, convoluta BOKNEM., 1854. Liasfonn. Gb'tt. p. 41, 42, t. 4, fig. 36 38. KONGL SV. VET. AKA1)KMII<;NS IIANDLINGAH. HAND. 19. N:O 4. 47 Syn. Cristell. convergens, elliptica, excisa, Rob. compressa BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorf; Zeitschr. detitsch. geol. Ges. 7, t. 13, figg. 17, 18, 1920; t. 15, fig. 17. pulchella COSTA, 1855, For. Mania bin Vaticano; Mem. Nnp. 2, p. 121, t. 1, fig. 8. gibba j)0nn., 1839, Cubit Forf. p. 40, t. 7, figg. 2021. Landgrebeana, Bob. torosa lisa., 1864, Oberoligociin.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 461, 465, t. 3, figg. 1 2. " , polita llss., 1855, Tert. Sch. nordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber, 1. 18, p. 237, t. 3, figg. 42, 41. truncata llss., 1850, Kreidemerg. Lembcrg; Maid. Nat. Abh. 4. 1, p. 32, t. 2, fig. 8. intermedia var. Ess., 1861, Griinsand, NewYersey; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.44, p. 336, t. 8, fig. 2. rostrata, Russeggeri llss., 1867, Steinsalzablag. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 86, t. 3, figg. 6, 7. variabilis Rss. 1849, neue For. Osterr. tert. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 369, t. 46, figg. 1516. galeata Rss., 1851, Sept. Thon. v. Berlin; Ztsclir. deiitsrh. geol. Ges. 3, p. 66, t. 4, fig. 20. HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Saab. Sch. p. 54, tt. 13, 14, figg. 20, 12. nuda var. Rss., 1861, Palseont. Beitrage; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 328, t. 6, figg. 1-3. Anomalina auricula ROMER, 1842, Verstein. Nordd. Kreide p. 98, t. 15, fig. 26. Cristell. Osnabrugensis Rss., 1855, Tert. Schicht. nordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 238, t. 4, figg. 4445. Nautilina puteolana COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. t. 27, fig. 28. Cristell. Josephina D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 88, t. 3, figg. 3738. acuta Rss., 1859, Westph. Kreidef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 213, t. 10, fig. 3. Larva STACHE, 1865. tert. Mergel. Whaingar. Haf.; Novara Reise, geol. 1. 2, p. 232, t. 23, fig. 11. Robul. Kressenbergensis GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 641, t. 1, fig. 71. e) costata, vel st, riata: Robul. elegantissima COSTA, 1855, Pal. Nap. p. 198, t. 19, fig. 4. Nodosarina crepidula var. italica DKFH. Tab. Ill, figg. 4549. Is a highly inflated Nod. crepidula, which not seldom becomes trigonal and, nearly like an Orthocerina, particularly when the first chambers are very slightly or not at all arranged in a helicoid manner. The inclination of the septa to the axis is liable to great variation. Sometimes the shell has the shape of a duplex trigonal py- ramid with sharp angles and somewhat excavated sides, the aperture being seemingly central. Its beautiful pearly shell is met with both on the coralline-gravel and on the chalk-ooze. It attains 3 mm. in height and 2 mm. in breadth. Fig. 47 : The outlines of the septal plan. 48 GOES, RETICULARtAN RHIZOPODA OP THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. Saracenaria italica DEFR., 1825, Blainv. DBFR. Diet. Sc. Nat.; planches Conchyl. 71, t. 13, fig. 6. Cristell. italica D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. Meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 293, N:o26; Mod. 19 et 85. italica var. cincta, aureola KAKR., 1877, Hochquellenwasserleit.; Osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 383, t. 16, figg. 3839. Volpicella, contracta COSTA, 1855, For. Marn. blu' Vatic.; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 120, t. 1, tigg. 45. Margin, lobata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth.; An. So. Nat. 7, p. 259, N.o 12. Cristell. obesa COSTA, 1855, For. Marn. blu' Vatic.; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 121, t. 1, fig. 7. triquetra GUMB., 1862, Streitb. Schwamml.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Ver. Jhrhft. 17, p. 225, t. 3, fig. 28. navicula, triangularis D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. France 4, p. 27, t. 2, figg. 19-22. arcuata D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 87, t. 3, figg. 3436. HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 53, t. 5, fig. 5. triangularis Rss., 1845, Bohra. Kreide. 1, p. 34, t. 4, fig. 48. pyramidata Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 70 (sine icone). HemicristeUaria corculum, Hemirobul. galoola STACHE, 1865, Tert. Merg. Whaingar. Hafen; No- vara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 223, 228, t. 23, figg. 2, 7. Cristell. gibbosa COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 191, t. 14, fig. 1; t. 16, fig. 24. subarcuatula var. Scapha WILLIAMS., 1859, Rec. brit. Fort', p. 30, figg. 5662. Naut. acutauricularis FICHT. and MOLL., 1803, Test, raicr. p. 102, t. 18, figg. g, li, i. Hemirobul. arcuatula STACHE, 1865, tert. Merg. Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 227, t. 23, fig. 6. Rss., 1864, Oberoligocan.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.50, p. 461, t. 2, fig. 12. Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 70, t. 7, fig. 13. BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Herrasdorf; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 327, t. 13, fig. 15. GUMB., 1871, Ulmer Cementmerg.; Mi'inch. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1, p. 06, t. 1, fig. 10. paucisepta Rss., 1851, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. (2) 4, p. 17 (xylograph.) brachyspira, pygmsea Rss., 1863, Sept. Thon Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 49, t. 3, 4, figg. 43, 44. Nysti Rss., 1863, For. Crag. d'Anwers; Bull. Ac. Belg. (2). 15, p. 150, t. 2, fig. 24. minima KARR., 1864, Leythakalk; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 707, t. 1, fig. 8. mirabilis Rss., 1855, Tert. Schicht. nordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 236, t. 3, fig. 39. obvelata Rss., 1850, Kreidemerg. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. 1, p. 33, t. 2, fig. U. ovalia Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreidef. 1, p. 34, t. 8, fig. 49; t. 13, figg. 60 63; t. 12, fig. 19; 1873, Geinitz' Elbthal. Geb. Sachsen. 2, p. 103, t. II. 22, figg. 611. Cristell. trigonalis Bronni tetraedra Eseri ICONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 49 Nodosarina crepidnla var. cassis F. & MOLL. Tab. Ill, tigg. 50-51. Sometimes this variety differs a great deal from the typical N. crepidula. It bears the same relation to this as the knobbed and spine-margined variety of Nod. calcar to its typical form. It is of course in vain to attempt to make a clear distinc- tion between this variety and even Nod. calcar, as is best understood by d'ORBiGNY's representation of it in his For. bass. tert. de Vienne t. 4^ jig. 5, which shows more affi- nity to Nod. calcar than to our form. The individuals represented by FICHT. & MOLL, are more cultrated than our form, which is narrowkeeled. It is a fine, highly developed form from the coralline-gravel. A more oblong and smaller form occurs in the chalkooze. Fig. 51 edge-view of the aperture. Syn. Nautilus cassis FICHT. and MOLL., 1803, Test, microscop. p. 95, t. 17, figg. a 1; t. 18, figg. a c. Cristell. consecta, navicularis, nitida, Bob. marginata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. Meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 290, 291, 288 N:ris 1, 2, 5, 6. (Naut.) Cristell. Galea FICHT. and MOLL., 1. cit. p. 100, t. 18, figg. d f; D'ORB., 1. cit, p. 291, N:o 6. Cristell. erinacea KARREK, 1878, Foram. Luzon; Bolet. Comis. Mapa geol. del Espafia, 7. 2 p. 19, t. F, fig. 3. Nodosarina calcar LIN. Tab. Ill, figg. 5261. This species rivals Nod. legumen in the abundance of names, which might be shared suitably by three or four varieties at the most. The differences consist generally: 1) in the presence or absence of knobs and striae (verrucosa et lineata), 2) in somewhat marked and raised septal bands (limbata), 3) in strongly curved septa (vorticalis). The varieties called cultrata and wculeata* are more or less accidental forms; those appendages or outgrowths of the shell are of too fickle a character to justify a particular nomination. The number of the chambers in the last whorl varies from 615. Thanks to D'OBBIGNY'S efforts to split up Nod. calcar into two genera, the list of synonyms has been wantonly encumbered. Nod. calcar becomes highly developed both on the chalkbottom and on the coral- line-gravel, and it yields not in size to specimens from the chalk and tertiary formation. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. Bd. 19. N:o 4. ' 50 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Fig. 52 is a mixed form from Nod. calcar and Nod. legumen. It has been fa- voured with many names, as Cristellaria Hildesiensis ROM.; Crist. Saulcyi D'()RB., Crist. Marcki Rss., Crist, inflata Rss. etc. Fig. 53 represents a peculiar monstrosity; a full-formed Nod. calcar turning back into Nod. legumen. Figg. 54 56 are D'ORBIGNY'S RobuHna aculeata of 1826 and his Rob. calcar of 1846. The larger one is from the chalk-bottom, the smaller from the coralline-gravel. Figg. 57 59 has been named Crist, inornata, austriaca D'ORB., Crist, tangential/,* Rss. etc. It is provided with a very thin and broad wing or keel arid could also be referred to Crist, cultrata MONTF. ; but this appendage is met with throughout all the varieties and is not peculiar to any of them. From the chalk-bottom. Figg. 60 61 are monstrosities with luxuriant alar- and umbilical processes. From coralline-gravel. The regular, typical form, rotulata LMK., is the most abundant arid the stoutest of all our forms (3 5 mm.). a) Inevis: Nautilus laevigatulus MONTAGU, 1803, Test. Brit. p. 188; 1808: Suppl. p. 75, t. 18, figg. 7 8 Lenticulites Comptoni NILSSON, 1825, MSngruramiga snackor i kritforraat. i Sverige; K. Vet. Ak. Handl. 1825, p. 337; 1827, Petref. svecana p. 7, t. 2, fig. 3. Cristell. rotulata D'ORB., 1839, For. craie bl.; Mem. Soc. geol. Pr. 4, p. 26, t. 2, figg. 1518. REUSS, 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 34, t. 8, fig. 50 ; t. 12, fig. 25; t. 24, fig-;. 4849. PARK, and JONES, 1865, N. Atl. and Arct. Oc. ; Phil. Trans. 1. 55. 1, p. 345, t. 13, fig. 19. simplex D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 103. t. 4, figg. 27 28. calcar PARK, and JONES, 1857, For. Coast, of Norway; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), 19, p. 289. Rob. canariensis D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries, p. 127, t. 3, figg. 3 4. Cristell. polita SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar-Nikobar; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 242, t. 6, fig. 86. Bob. plicata D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sn. N. p. 290, N:o 23. Cristell. multiseptata Rss., 1865, For. deutsch. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. 1, p. 147, t. 3, figg. 1415. Bob. ueglecta Rss., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 69, t. 4, fig. 27. stellifera GZJZ., 1847, For. Wien. Beck.; Haicl. Nat. Abh. 2. i, p. 142, t. 12, figg. 2627. diinorpha, incompta Hss., 1851, Sept. Thon v. Berlin; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 67, 70, figg. 23, 28. Cristell. macrodisca Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault, Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 78, t. 9, fig. 5. Cristell. paupercula Rss., 1865, deutsch. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. 1, p. 141, t. 3, figg. 67. Bob. Gottingensis, nautiloides BORNEM., 1854, Liasforra. Gottingen p. 43, t. 4, figg. 4042. Bob. trigonostoma, declivis BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorf; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 333336, t. 15, figg. 811. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENM HANDLINGAK. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 51 Syn. Rob. trigonostoma Rss., 1851, Sept. Thon v. Berlin; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 69, t. 4, fig. 26. subnodosa, propinqua, MUNST., ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeressand, Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 391, t. 3, figg. 61, 63. Cristell. eximia Rss., 1865, Sept. Thon Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 52, t. 5, fig. 56. Oppeli, semiexpleta SCHWAR., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 21, p. 134, 135, t. 7, figg. 1, 3. lenticula Rss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkscbr. 1. 1. p. 369, t. 46, fig. 17. Bob. arcuata KARR., 1861, Marin. Tegel Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 446, t. 2, fig. 1. Cristell. umbilicata Rss.. 1861, Kreide Riigen; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 327, t. 6, fig. 6. Rob. discrepans, impressa, turgidula, Dunkeri Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.- Ber. 1. 46, p. 78, 77, 73, t. 9, figg. 7, 2; t. 8, figg. 4, 6. Cristell. deformis KAHK., 1867, For. Fauna Osterreich.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 349, t. 1, fig. 3. Spachholzi Rss., 1850, Kreidemerg. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 33, t. 2, fig. 10. convergens, integra, BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Herrasdorf; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 327, t. 13, fig. 16; p. 334, t. 15, flgg. 1216. lobata Rss., 1845, Bbhm. Kreidef. 1. p. 34, t. 13, fig. 59; 1873, Gein. Elbthalgeb. Sachsen 2, p. 104, t. 11.22, fig. 12; t. 11.23, fig. 1. inops Rss., 1851, Tert. Schicht. Oberschlesien; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 153, t. 8, fig. 5. oligostegia REUSS, 1859, Wesphal. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1 40, p. 213, t. 8, fig. 8; 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 93, t. 13, fig. 2. tumida KAKII., 1870, Kreidef. Leitzendorf; Osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Jhrb. 20, p. 180, t. 11, fig. 10. crassa D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 90, t. 4, figg. 1 3. coaretata, bicornis COSTA, 1854; Pal. Nap. 2, p. 192, t. 17, figg. 1, 3. Rob. articulata Rss., 1863, Sept. Thou Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 53, t. 5, fig. 62, t. 6 fig. 63. Cristell. obesa KARR., 1877, Hochqu. Wasserl.; k. k. osterr. geol. lleiclisanst. Abh. 9, p. 383, t. 16, fig. 40. depauperata, deformis Rss., 1851, Sept. Thon v. Berlin; Zeitschr deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 70, t. 4, figg. 29,30; 1863, Sept. Thon Offenb.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.- Ber. 1. 48 p. 54, t. 6, figg. 6768, t. 8, fig. 90. Rob. deformis, depauperata, incompta BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorf; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 337, t. 14, figg, 13, 1112. bullata HKE., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 58, t. 14, fig. 13. ambigua COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 20, fig. 17. angulata Rss., 1851, Tert. Sch. Oberschles.; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 154, t. 8, fig. 6. Cristell. Cassiana GUMB. 1869, For. Cassian-Raibler Sch.; Osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Jhb. 19, p. 177, t. 5, figg. 2 3. lactea STACHE, 1865, tert. Mergel Whaingar. Hafen: Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 235, t. 23, fig. 14. subangulata Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 74, t. 8, tig. 7; 1863, Sept. Thon v. Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 53, t. 6, fig. 64. Rob. inornata, austriaca D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 102, t. 4, figg. 25 26, t. 5, figg. 1 2. BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Herrasdorf; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 334, t. 15, figg. 23. intermedia D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 104, t. 5, figg. 3 4. 52 GOES, BBTICULABIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. Bob. nitida Rss., 1863, Sept. Then Offenbacli ; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p, 54, t. 6, fig. 66. Cristell. tangentialis, semiimpressa l{ss., 1866, deutsch. Septarienthon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. i, p. 143, t. 3, fig. 13. Rob. umbonata Ilss., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 68, t. 4, fig. 24. cultrata I/ORB., 1826, Tabl. Meth.; Ann. So. Nat. 7, p. 287, N:o 1; Mod. 82. Soldania carinata D'ORB., ibid. p. 281, N:o 1. Nautilus calcar var. I FICHT. and MOLL., 1803, Test, microsc. p. 78, t. 13, figg. e g. Bob. halophora STACHE, 1865, Tert. Mergel Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise geol. Th. 1. a, p. 248, t. 23, fig. 28. Cristell. Grundensis KARR., 1867, For. Faun. Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 355, t. 1 fig. 8. Bob. d'Orbignii BAILEY, 1850, Examin. of Soundings; Smithson. Contrib. of knowledge 2, Art. 3, figg. 910. Cristell. cultrata PARK, and JONES, 1865, Nortli. Atl. and Arct. Oc. : Phil. Trans. 155, i, p. 344, t. 13, figg. 1718; t. 16, fig. 5. Bob. cultrata /? antipodum STACHE, 1865, Tert. Mergel Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 251, t. 23, fig. 30. >' nitidissima, galeata Ess., 1851, Sept. Berlin; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 68, t. 4, fig. 25; fig. 21. Cristell. Gemellarii SEG., 1862, Rhizopod. d. Catania, Acad. Gioenia Atti (2), 18, p. 13, t. 1, fig. 2. Bob. limbosa Rss., 1863, Sept. Thon Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 55, t 6, fig. 69. depauperata ft. callifera Rss., 1863, Sept. Thon Kreuznach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 66, t. 8, fig. 91. Cristell. JosepMna ft. tuberculata KARR., 1868, Mioc. faun. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 170, t. 4, fig. 7. nikobarensis, peregrina SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar-Nikobar; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 243, 245; t. 6, fig. 87; t. 7, fig. 89. hebetata 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jiihresh. 21, p. 134, t. 7, fig. 2. moravica, Buditziana KARR., 1864, Leythakalk Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 707, 708, t. 2, figg. 910. Bob. Beyrichi BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon. Hermsdorff; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 332, t. 14, fig. 8. Kubinyii HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 56, t. 6, fig. 7. depauperata, princeps, limbosa, budensis HKEN., ibid. p. 55 58; t. 6, figg. 5 6, 8, 11; t. 7, fig. 1; t. 14, fig. 16. Cristell. Haasti, rotula, Clio, Bob. oculus STACHE, 1865, Tert. Merg. Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 247, t. 23, figg. 10, 12, 13, 27. Crist. Leuboaiia, ulmensis GUMB., 1871, Ulrner Cement. Mergel, Munch. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1, p. 67, t. 1, figg. 13, 15. Bob. radiata, limbata, spec, indet. BORNEM., 1855, Septarienthon. Hermsdorf; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 335, 336, t. 15, figg. 1-7. Bob. radiata Rss., 1863, Sept. Thon Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 54, t. 6, fig. 65. Cristell. grata Rss., 1866, deutsch. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25, p. 145. Bob. rosetta GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan ; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 642, t. 1, fig. 73. Bob. radiata, pulchella, Isevigata, aculeata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. Meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 288, 289, N:ris 7, 8, 9, 14. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 19. N:O 4. 53 Syn, Nautilus calear a ' f> . FIGHT, and MOLL., 1803, Test, microsc. p. 71, 76, 79, t. 11, figg. a. b. c; * x I t. 12, figg. i. k; t. 13, figg. c. d. h. i. f.1 I Bob. calear D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 99, t. 2, figg. 1820. b) vortex: Nautilus vortex FIGHT, and MOLL., 1803, Test, microsc. p. 33, t. 2, figg. d i. Bob. orbicularis, vortex D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 288, N:ris 2. 4; t. 15, figg. 89. Soldanii D'ORB., ibid. p. 288, N:o 5. Cristell. falcata KARR., 1878, For. Luzon; Bolet. Comis. Mapa geol. d. Espafia 7. 2, p. 20, t. F, fig. 5. Bob. imperatoria D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 104, t. 5, figg. 5 6. obtusa Rss., 1849, Nene For. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 369, t, 46, fig. 18. Cristell. Baylei Rss., 1861, Griinsand N. Yersey; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 336 t. 7 fig. 7. Bob. subangulosa, inornata, festonata COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 229, t. 14, fig. 2; t. 19, fig. 6, t. 19, fig. 1. arcuato-striata HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Seh. p. 56, t. 7, fig. 2. regina KARR., 1865, For. Griinsandstein N. Zetland; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 76, t. 16, fig. 6. Cristell. callifera, duracina, bucculenta, glaucina, intermedia, gyroscalprum, Bob. foliata, corona lunae, pseudocalcarata, incrustata STACHE, Tert. Mergel Whaingar. Haf.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 236254, t. 23, figg. 1517, 2022, 24, 29, 31, 33. Bob. alato-limbata GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eoc.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wissensch. Abh. 1.10.2, p. 641, t. 1, fig. 70. Cumingii (Miclielotti) BORNEM., 1860, For. Magdeb.; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 12, p. 156, t. 6, fig. 1. Cristell. microptera Rss., 1859, Westphal. Kreidef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 215, t. 8, fig. 7. c) lira bat a: Nautilus calear FIGHT, and MOLL., 1803, Test. Micron, p. 72, 76, t. 11, figg. d f, t. 12, figg. d h. depressulus MONTAGU 1803, Test. Britann. p. 190; 1808, Suppl. p. 78, t. 18, fig. 9. Bob. rotunda D'OKB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 290, N:o 24. Lenticulites cristella NILSS., 1827, Petrificata Svecana p. 7, t. 2, fig. 4. Nautilus calear MONTAGU, 1803, Test. Brit. p. 189, t. 15, fig. 4; 1808, Suppl. p. 76. Bob. cultrata D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 96, t. 4, figg. 10 13. similis, clypeiformis D'ORB., ibid. p. 98, 101, t. 4, figg. 14 15, 23 24. Bob. Osnabriigensis, Cristell. subcostata v. MUNST., ROM., 1838, Cephalop. tert. Meeress. Nordd.; Leonh. u. .Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 391, t. 3, figg. 62, 64. Cristell. subcostata Rss., 1855, Tert. Sch. nordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.18, p. 237, t. 3, fig. 43. planicosta v. HAGENOW, 1842, Riigens Kreideverst.; Leonh. u. Bronns, Jhrb. 1842, p. 572, t. 9, fig. 24. exarata Rss., 1861, Palaeont. Beitrag. Riigen; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 327, t. 6, fig. orbicula, subalata Rss., 1854, Kreide Ostalp.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 7, p. 68, t. 25, figg. 1213. 54 GOES, BETICULARIAN RBIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. Cristell. rotulata Has., 1845, (partira), Bohm. Kreide t. 8, fig. 70. Rob. angustimargo Ess., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Ztscbr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 67, t. 4, fig. 22. dimorplia Rss.. ibid. p. 67, t. 4, fig. 23. polyphragma, princeps, insignis Rss.. 1864, Oberoligocitn.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 465, 466, t. 4, fig. 5; t. 5, figg. 34. angustimargo BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorf; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 332, t. 14, figg. 67. Cristell. falcifer, Bob. lenticula STACHE, 1865, Tert. Merg. Whaingar. Haf.: Novara Eeise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 240, 246, t. 23, figg. 19, 25. magna COSTA, 1854, Palneont. Nap. 2, p. 193, t. 19, fig. 2. >- austriaca COSTA, 1855, For. Mama blu' d. Vatieano; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 122, t. 1, fig. 10. Bob. pterodiscoidea, declivis, radiifera, aeutimargo GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak, Wiss. 1.10.2, p. 642, 640; t. 1, fig. 72; t. 2, figg. 76, 76 aa,' 76 bb. Cristell. Quenstedti GUMB., 1862, Streitb. Sehwaramlag.; Wiirterab. Nat. Verein Jhrhft. 1862. p. 226, t. 4, fig. 2. pachynota, Bomeri, subalata, Miinsteri Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hilsu. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.- Ber. 1. 46, p. 69, 75, 76, 77, t. 7, fig. 11; t. 8, fig. 9; t. 9, figg. 1, 3, 4. prominula, megalopolitana Rss., 1855, Kreideg. Meklenburg; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 271, t. 9, figg. 3, 5. secans Rss., 1859, Westph. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 40, p. 215, t. 9, fig. 7. Bob. magdeburgica BORNEMANN, 1860, For. Magdeb.; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 12, p. 157, t. 6, fig. 2. spec, indet. BORNEMANN, 1855, Sept. Thon. Hermsdorf; Ztschr. d. geol. Ges. 7, p. 333. t. 14, figg. 910. Cristell. lapugyensis KARR., 1864, Leythakalk Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 708, t. 2, fig. 11. Bob. colorata, loculosa, pusilla STACHE, 1865, Tert. Merg. Whaingar. Haf.; Novara Reise, geol. Tli 1. a, p. 229, 244, 247, t. 23, fig. 9; t. 23, figg. 23, 26. Cristell. fenestrata, subplana Rss., 1865, deutsch. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. i, p. 142, 143, t. 3, figg. 1112. Bob. virgata D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. So. Nat. 7, p. 290; N:o 17; Mod. N:o 14. nodosa Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils. u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 78. t. 9. fig. 6. lobata COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 20, fig. 14. d) papillosa: 1 D'ORB., ibid. p. 291293, N:o 7, 13, 14, 24, 25. Nautilus papillosus FICHT. & MOLL., 1803, Test. micr. p. 82, t. 14, figg. a. b. c. Bob. calcar D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 289, N:o 12. Crist, marginata, tuberculata aculeata, elegans, papillosa Bob. echinata D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 100, t. 4, figg. 2122 (striata). Nautilus calcar var. y, d, t FICHT. and MOLL., 1803, Test. micr. t. 11, figg. g, h, i, k; t. 12, figg. a, b, c; t. 13, figg. a, b. Bob. rosacea D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 289, N:o 11. Bob. trachyomphala Rss., 1850, Kreidemerg. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. 1, p. 34, t. 2, fig. 12. Bob. gutticostata, florigemma GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss. 1. 10. 2, p. 643, 644, t. 1, figg. 7475. jurassofranconica GUMB., 1862, Streitenb. Schwammlag.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 1862, p. 227, t. 4, fig. 3. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEM1ENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N;O 4. 55 Syn. Cristell. mamilligera KARR., 1865, For. Griinsandst. N. Zeeland; Novara lleise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 76, t. 16, fig. 5. Bob. gutticoatata, baconica, granulata HKE., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 57, 58; t. 6, fig. 10; t. 14, figg. 9, 15. Cristell. Bufo STACHE, 1865, Tert. Merg. Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 239, t. 23, fig. 18. Helenae KARR , 1877, Hochquellenwasserl.: Osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 384, t. 16, fig. 42. undulata KARR., 1867, For. Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 348, t. 1, fig. 2. a inflata KARR., ibid. p. 355, t. 1, fig. 9. e) striolata-costata: Bob. echinata, striolata GZJZ., 1847, Foramf. Wien. Beck.; Haid. Nat. Abh. 2. i, p. 141, 142, t. 12, figg. 2425, 2829. insequalis, cancellata, somistriata COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 328, 230, t. 19, figg. 3, 5, 7. signata Rss., 1855, Kreideg. Meklenb.; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 272, t. 9, fig. 4. a tettowatta STACHE, 1865, Tert. Merg. Whaingar. Hafen; Novnra Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 252, t. 23, fig. 32. Vaticana COSTA, 1855, For. Marna blu' d" Vaticauo; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 122, t. 1, fig. 17. costata D'ORB., 1826, An. So. Nat. 7, p. 289, N:o 13, Mod. 84. Nautilus costatus FICHT. and MOLL,, 1803, Tert. micr. p. 47, t. 4, figg. g, h, i. Bob. ornata D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 98, t. 4, figg. 1617. ariminensis D'OKB., ibid. p. p. 95, t. 4, figg. 8 9. Paulse KARR., 1877, Hochquell. Wasserl.; geol. Reichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 384, t. 16, fig. 41 (aculeata). f) forma Rhabdogonium: Bhabdogon. globiferum Rss., 1859, Westph. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 201, t. 7, fig. 6. pygmaeum Hss., 1865, Deutsch. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. 1, t. 1, fig. 32. g) in Nod. legumen rediens: Cristell. Hildesiensis ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeress.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 391, t. 3, fig. 65. ? leevigata D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 292, N:o 19, Mod. N:o 47. Saulcyi D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries p. 126, t. 3, figg. 7 9. inflata, Marcki Rss., 1859, Westph. Kreidef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 212, t. 8, fig. 6; t. 9, fig. 4. a biclivosa, inflata, informia SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrshft. 21, p. 133, t. 6, fig. 21; p. 132, t. 6, fig. 16; p. 128, t. 6, fig. 8. ? lituola, excentrica CORN., 1848, Nouv. foss. microsc.; Mem. Soc. geol. France (2) 3, p. 254, t. 2, figg. 9 13 (Nod. crepidulse propinqua). Spiralina PStreitbergensis GUMB., 1861, Streitberg. Schwammlag.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrshft. 17, p. 232, t. 4, fig. 7. Cristell. lituola Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 2, p. 109, t. 24, fig. 47. 56 GOES, RETICULARIAN KHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Nodosarina complanata DEFR. Tab. Ill, figg. 62 -G4. It is not without some hesitation that this form should be distinguished as a species; for a closer study leads to the conclusion, that it possibly may originate from different species of Nodosarina, thus being descendants, each bearing small marks of variation pointing back to their origin, but all still maintaining in common a fea- ture of essential unity. 1. From Nod. radicula some simple forms of ^Frondicularia^ have seemingly their direct origin. 2. Other varieties keep close to Nod. (Glandidina) Icevigata D'ORB., as Frondicu- laria spatkulata WILLIAMS., Frond, simplex Rss. f Frond, folium ALTH. 3. Frondicularia ensiformis ROM., Frond, lingua BOLL, bear the same relation to Nod. legumen. 4. All smooth varieties with their earliest chambers arranged in the same way as in Nod. crepidula are, it would seem, immediate offsets of this species. Cristellaria Gaudryana D'ORB., Flabellina macrospira Rss. etc- are instances of this transition. In systematising the costate forms of Nod. complanata the same difficulty is met with as in the other Nodosarinte. Sometimes the primordial chamber only is ribbed, the other parts being quite smooth; at another time the striation of the shell is quite faint and scarce. When both forms of Nod. complanata (Frondicularia and Flabellina) with their numerous modifications of form are collected from the same localitiy, they certainly create the impression that they all belong to a single species. This set of Nodosarina gives us a noteworthy hint of, how unsatisfactory must be the result of the attempts of our days to make out the genealogy of a species, for it can scarcely be denied, that sometimes one form may possibly have originated from several different species. Fig. 62 is next to Frond, alata D'ORB., it is taken from a small specimen,., but on the chalkbottom it often attains the size of 10 mm. in hight and 8 mm. in breadth. Fig. 63 the same with the younger state of crepidula growth. Fig. 64 is still nearer Nod. crepidula. Sometimes the primordial chamber is pro- vided with a couple of secondary chambers set at right angles to the ordinary ones. If this plan of growth had continued a four-winged form would have originated. A stout lanceolate-elliptical form is also met with among the coralline-gravel. Syn. Frond, obliqua v. MUNST., EOM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeress.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 382, t. 3, fig. 7. oblonga, ovata ROM., ibid. t. 3, fig. 4 6. obliqua ALTH., 1849, Umgeb. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 3. 2, p. 268, t. 13, fig. 26. lancea PHIL., 1843, Tert. Versteiner. nordw. Deutschl. t. 1, fig. 31. Meyeri BOLL., 1846, Ostseelandern. p. 177, t. 2, fig. 18. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLTNGAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 57 Syn. Frond. Bradyana KARII., 1877, Hochquellenwasserleit.; Osterr. geol. Eeichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 380, t. 16, fig. 24. Medelingensis KARE., ibid. p. 380, t. 16, fig. 25. fragilis KARR., 1870, Kreiclef. Leitzendorf; Jhrb. k. k. osterr. geol. Keichsanst. 20, p. 175, t. 11, fig. 3. ? felis KARR., ibid. p. 172, t. 10, fig. 9. tenuissima HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 43, t. 13, fig. 11. spatlmlata WILL., 1858, Brit. rec. foramf. p. 23, fig. 50. tribus KARR., Kreidef. in Leitzendorf; Jhrb. k. k. osterr. geol. Reichsaust. 20, p. 175, t. 11, fig. 5. foliacea SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikob.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 236, t. 6, fig. 76. folium ALTH, 1849, Umgeb. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 3. 2, p. 268, t. 13, fig. 25. insequalis, compressa COSTA, 1855, Marna terz. Messina, Mem. Nap. 2, t. 3, figg. 2 3. Whaingaroica STACHE, 1865, Tert. Merg. Whaingar. Hai'en; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 210, t. 22, fig. 43. Frond. Mandelsloheana GtJMB., 1871, Ulmer Cera. Merg.; Munch. Ak. Sitz -Ber. 1, p. 66, t. 1, fig. 9. biformis MARSS., 1879, Riigen. Schreiliekr.; Greifsw. Nat. Ver. Mittheil. 1877 78, p. 137, t. 2, fig. 17. compta BRADY, 1879, Notes on Retic. Rhizop.; Qu. Journ. microsc. Sc. (n. ser.) 75, p. 271, t. 8, fig. 6. arnoena KARE., 1870, Kreidef. Leitzendorf; Jhrb. k. k. osterr. geol. Reichsanst. 20, p. 172, t. 10, fig. 10. Leitzendorfensis, pulchella, sarissa, plana KARB., ibid. p. 171 174; t. 10, figg. 7 8, 1314. lingulseformis SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirterab. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 19, p. 113, t. 4, fig. 11. eomplanata var. JONES & PARK. 1860, For. fr. Chellaston; Quart. Journ. geol. Soc. 16, t. 19, fig. 19. monocantha Rss., 1839, Neue Forf. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 368, t. 44, fig. 14. mucronata Rss., 1845, Bohra. Kreide 1, p. 31, t. 13, fig. 43; Geinitz' Elbthalgeb. Sachs. 2, p. 96, t. II. 2, figg. 1416. bicornis Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 32, t. 13, fig. 45; 2, p. 108, t. 24, fig. 37. Parkeri Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 91, t. 12, fig. 7. filocincta Rss., ibid. p. 54, t. 4, fig. 12. rhomboidalis, alata, eomplanata D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 256, N:ris 1, 2, 5, Mod. 3. spec, indet., parabolica, acuminata, rhombea COSTA, 1855, Marna terz. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 371, t. 2, figg. 21, 24; t. 3, figg. 10, 13, 15. superba HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 42, t. 4, fig. 16. hastata ROM., 1842, Neue Kreideforamf.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1842, p. 272, t. 7B, fig. 5. Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 53, t. 4, fig. 10. inversa Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 31, t. 8, figg. 15 19; t. 13, fig. 42. crassa, simplex Rss., ibid. t. 8, figg. 29 30. K. Vet. Akad. Handl. B. 19. N:o 4. 8 58 GOES, THE RETICULABIAN RHIZOPODA ON THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. Flabell. retieulata Rss., 1850, Kreidemerg. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 7. 1, p. 30, t. 1, fig. 22. foliacea BRADY, 1879, Notes on Ret. Rhizop.; Qu. Journ. Sc. (u. ser.) 75, p. 271, t. 8, figg. 8 10 (in sequeutem (b) transiens). b) Nod. crepidulse propinqua vide: Nod. erepidula (p. 46. c). Nodosarina carinata D'ORB. Tab. I, fig. 6567. Attains a high development particularly in the coralline-gravel. It is liable to great variation, sometimes being very ventricous and broadly wedge-shaped, and some- times compressed and more linear. Sometimes it is provided with fine costo on the flanks; being the first step to the strongly and entirely costate raphanus form. Some forms, described as Frondicularia and Lingulinopsis are more properly referred to this species. Genus Fissurina Rss. who has been ranked with Lagena, seems to be the em- bryonal or the pigmy-form to Nod. carinata. Fig. 65 66 is the typical Lingulina carinata D'ORB. of large growth. Fig. 67 has the same shape as Lingulina costata D'ORB., and is identical with Lingulina seminuda HKEN. Syn. Lingulina carinata, alata D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 257, N:o 1, 2; Mod. 26. D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 20, t. 1, figg. 1314. D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries p. 124, t. 1, figg. 56. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 16, fig. 25. PARKER and JONES, 1860, For. Cliellast. Qu. Journ, geol. Soc. 16, t. 19, figg. 1314. glabra HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 42, t. 13, fig. 14. bursaeformis GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eociin.; K. Bayr. Ak. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 628, t. 1, fig. 51. PFrond. granulata, lucida SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Schicht.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Ver. Jhrhft. 21, p. 113, t. 4, figg. 25 26 (apertunv rotuudata; ad (d) p. 14 potius pertinet.). Lingulina pygmsea Rss., 1873, GEIKITZ' Elbthalgeb. Sachsen 2, p. 90, t. II. 20, fig. 23. Frond. Nysti Rss., 1863, Crag. d'Anvers; Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) 15, p. 148, t. 2, fig. 20. linearis PHIL., 1843, Tert. Versteiner. n. w. Deutschl. t. 1, fig. 32. b) costata 1. semicostata: Lingulina costata D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 62, t. 3, figg. 1 5. multicostata COSTA, 1855, Mama terz. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 146, t. 2, fig. 6. costata var. seminuda HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 41, t. 4, fig. 8. carinata var. striata PARKER and JONES, 1860, For. Cliellast.; Qu. Journ. geol. Soc. 16, t. 19, fig. 15. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 59 Uvigerina pygmaea n' Tab, IV, figg. 6870. This handsome species becomes pretty well developed on both the coralline-gravel and the chalk-ooze. The neck of our form is nearly always provided with a lamina, like a screw- thread twisted a half or whole turn round it, also a mark of its intimate relation to certain Nodosarina?. It is not common. Uvigerina Raphanus PARK, and JONES is probably its Sagrina-development. Figg. 6869: the typical form. Fig. 70: a very young, 3-chambered specimen. a) costata: Syn. Uvigerina pygmsea D'ORB., 1826, Tab. raeth.; Acad. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 269, t. 12, figg. 89; Mod. 67. nodosa D'ORB., ibid. p. 269, N:o 3. pygmsea D'ORB., 1846, Bass. tert. Vienne, p. 190, t. 11, figg. 25 26. bifurcata D'OKB., 1839, Voy. Amer. 5, t. 7. fig. 17. striata COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 266, t. 15, fig. 3. pygmsea WILLIAMS.. 1858, Brit. rec. forf. p. 66, figg. 138139. PARKER and JONES, 1857, For. Coast, of Norway; A. M. N. H. (2) 19, p. 297, t. 11, figg. 4143 (forma emaciata). HKE., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Schichten p. 62, t. 7, fig. 4. globosa KARRER 1878, Foram. Luzon; Bolet. Comis. Mapa geol. Esp. 7. 2, p. 21, t. F, fig. 6. Syn. Uvigerina paucicosta COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 268, t. 22, fig. 7. eocsena GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 645, t. 2, fig. 78. gemmseformis, nitidula, crassicostata SCHWAG., 1866, Foss. For. Kar.-Nikob.; Novara Eeise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 247249, t. 7, figg. 92 94. striatella Rss., 1851, Tert. Sch. Oberschles.; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. p. 159, t. 8, fig. 7. rugulosa Rss., 1863, Crag. d'Anvers; Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) 15, p. 153, t. 3, fig. 43. a. ft) forma Sagrina: Uvigerina nodosa PARKER & JONES 1865, Northatl. and Arct. Oceans; Phil. Transact. 155, 1, t. 18, fig. 15. Uvigerina (Sagrina) Raphanus PARK, and JONES, ibid. t. 18, fig. 16 17. PDimorphina striata SCHWAG., 1866, Foss. For. Kar.-Nikob.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 251, t. 7, fig. 99. ? elegans HKEK., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 63, t. 7, fig. 9. b) semiornata: Uvigerina semiornata, urnula D'ORB., 1846, For. Bass. tert. p. 95, t. 4, figg. 21 24. EGG., 1857, Miociin. Ortenburg; Leonh. u. Bronns Jhrb. 1857, p. 285, t. 11, figg. 1718. 60 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. TTvigerina cochlearis, Brunnensis, Parkeri KARR., 1877, Hoohqu. Wasserl.; Osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 385, t. 16, figg. 4850. pygmsea var. PARK, and JONES, 1865, Northatl. and Arct. Oceans; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 363, t. 13, figg. 5357. b. ft) Sagrinseformis: Sagr. pulchella D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 150, t. 1, ligg. 23 24; 1846, For. Bass. tert. Vienne p. 252, t. 21, figg. 48 49 (textulariseformis). c) angulosa: Uvigerina angulosa WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. forf. p. 67, fig. 140. pygmsea var. angulosa PARK, and JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and arct. Oc.; Phil. Transact. 155. 1, p. 364, t. 13, fig. 58. trigona SEG., 1862, Rhizop. foss. Catania p. 26, t. 2, fig. 1; Acad. Gioenia Att. (2) 18. cristata MARSS., 1876, Rug. Schreibekr.; Greifsw. Nat. Verein. Mitth. 1877 78, p. 150, t. 3, fig. 20. Uvigerina Auberiana D'ORB. Tab. IV, figg. 7175. Our form is often more smooth and more slender than D'ORBIGNY'S also from the West Indies. Uvigerina gracilis Rss. from the Septaria-clay at Berlin is prickly, but seems newertheless to belong to this species, as also does Uvig. proboscidea SCWHAG. and Uvig. farinosa HKEN.; probably also Uvig. canariensis D'ORB. One would be inclined to consider this form as a starved variety of Uvig. pyg- mcea, but there is a remarkable difference between them in the fineness and arrange- ment of their pore-canals, for whilst Uvig. pygmaea has them nearly as fine and closely set as Nodosarina, this form has a somewhat coarser poration, resembling in this respect some of the Buliminse. Loxostomurn aculeatum EHRENBG. is a biserial Uvigerina with a strong tendency to become uniserial ( Heterostomella Rss.). If a form with its sides somewhat pro- duced in angles and coarse spines not uncommon on the chalkbottom, and repre- sented by fig. 75 is identic with EHRENBERG'S form, it will be impossible to establish any specific distinction between our Uvig. Auberiana and this Loxostomurn of EHRENBERG. Fig. 7173 the smooth Uvig. Auberiana from the chalkooze; fig. 74 more mag- nified. Fig. 75 75 b the Loxostomurn form (= Heterostomella aculeata PARK, and JONES). a) spinosa aut rugosa: Syn. Uvigerina Auberiana D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 106, t. 2, figg. 2324. asperula, Orbignyana GZJZ., 1847, Foss. for. Wien. Beck.; Haid. nat. Abh. 2. i, p. 146, t. 13, figg. 14 17 (an forma prsecedentis). Rss., 1867, Steinsalzablag. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 93, t. 4, ?. 69. KONGL. SV. VKT. AKADEMIENS HANDLING AR. BAND. 19. N:0 4. 61 Syn. TTvigerina aculeata D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 191, t. 11, figg. 27 28. hispida SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar; Novara Eeise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 249, t. 7, fig. 95 (an forma prsecedentis). gracilis Ess., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 77, t. 5, fig. 39. a. /?) forma Sagrina: Sagrina rugosa D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. France (2) 4, p. 47, t. 4, figg. 3132. Heterostomella rugosa Ess., Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 52, p. 448. Uvigerina proboscidea SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar; Novara Eeise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 250 t. 7, fig. 96. b) lievis: Uvigerina nodosa var. ft D'ORB., 1826, An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 269. farinosa HTKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 62, t. 7, fig. 6. canariensis D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries p. 138, t. 1, figg. 25 27. c) Loxostomuni EHRENB.: Loxostomum tuinens EURENB., 1854, Microgeol. t. 28, figg. 25 26. aculeatum EHRENB., ibid. t. 27, figg. 21 22; t. 30, fig. 16. Heterostomella aculeata PARK, and JONES, 1872, Nomenclat.; An. Nat. H. (4), 9, 10. Sagraina aspera MARSS., 1878, Eiigen. Schreibekreide; Greifsw. Nat. Verein. Mittb. 1877 78, p. 157, t. 3, fig. 26. Appendix. Uvigerina porrecta BRADY, 1879, Q.U. Journ. micr. Sc. (n. ser.) 75, p. 274, t. 8, figg. 15 16. 'interrupta BRADY, ibid. p. 274, t. 8; figg. 17 18. TJyigerina (Heterostomella) Ia3vis PARK, and JONES. Tab. IV, fig. 76. It may be that this form after all according to the authority of Messrs. PARKER and JONES - - ought to be considered as a variety of Heterostomella aculeata EHRENB.; but as there is a great difference in the structure of the test it seems reasonable to distinguish it as species. In transmitted light our species is amber-coloured, very delicate and without pores, so that one would be disposed to refer it to the Miliolina- group. A single specimen only has been met with on the chalk-bottom, in a pigmy state. Fig. 76 seen in transmitted light. Fig. 76 b the same more enlarged. Syn. Loxostomum longirostre EHRENB., 1F54, Microgeol. t. 32, fig. 22. Heterostomella aculeata ft laevis PARK, and JONES, 1872, Nomenclature foramf.; A. M. N. H. (4) 9 and 10. 62 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA ON THE CARIBBEANSEA. Uvigerina diinorpha PARK, and JONES. Tab IV, figg.77 81. Though the designation of dimorpha applied to a Sagrina, which genus has been founded on such a character, does not imply any specific distinction, we still retain Messrs. PARKERS and JONES' name for this form, being by no means inclined to enrich our nomenclature. Its early uvigerina-stage is often reduced to a couple of chambers, and it would sometimes be hard to recognise the small egg-shaped bodies without any traces of septal marks as Uvigerina, if the somewhat prolonged mouth-necks did not betray its affinity to this genus. Our form is highly agglutinant, constructing its shell of the finest chalkdebris and detritus. Its original form is mostly narrow cylindrical, but it seems to accumu- late with age a thick deposit of loosely cemented detritus, so that it becomes egg- shaped with a somewhat rough and chalky surface. It seems likely, that this species has been confounded by some authors with Cla- vulina forms. Clavulina cylindrical HKEN. and KARRER is probably identical with it, perhaps also Glandulina rudis of COSTA. It is not uncommon on the chalkbottom and attains 34 mm. in length. Figg. 77 78: the slender form. Figg. 79 80: the eggshaped one. Fig. 81 apertural side. Syn. Uvigerina dimorpha (Sagrina) PARK, and JONES, 1865, Phil, trans. 155. 1, t. 18, fig. 18. Glandulina rudis COSTA, 1855, Marna terz. Messina; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 142, t. 1, fig. 12. Clavulina cylindrica HKE., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 18, t. 1, fig. 8. i) KAHR., 1877, k. k. osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Abb. 9, p. 373, t. 16, fig. 4. PHaplophragmiTim verruculosum GUMB., 1871, Ulmer Cera. Mergel; Munch. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1, p. 63, t. 1, flg. 1. PGlobulina fragaria GUMB., ibid. p. 68, t. 1, fig. 16. / Appendix. Sagrina virgula BRAD., 1879, Notes on Ret. Rhizop. Challeng. Exp.; Qu. Journ. Micr. Sc. (n. Ser.) 75, p. 275, t. 8, figg. 19-21. divaricata BRAD., ibid. p. 276, t. 8, figg. 2224. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. NIO 4. 63 Bulimina pupoides D'ORB. Tab. IV, figg. 8294. A very variable species, the small differences consisting in the chambers being more or less inflated and in the different degrees of overlapping, the chamber-wall being often very much lengthened out backwards so as to enclose a smaller or greater part of the preceding chambers. It is not compatible with a philosophical arrangement to attach to all these individual modifications varietal and even specific designations, as has been done by some authors. Our form is remarkable for its extremely thin, glassy test. Owing to its extreme tenuity one or two of the last chambers often become detached from the rest, whence mature specimens in perfect condition are scarce. Sometimes the first chambers are provided with a few delicate folds in transmitted light looking as straight, bright streaks radiating from the primordial chamber. Our specimens agree mostly with Bui. pyrula, ovula and ovata D'ORB. The spinous form figg. 82 83 may more properly be referred to another species on account of its different poration, but being very young and scarce, there has been little chance of comparing and identifying it with other forms. It is nearly identical with Polymorphina aculeata EHRENBERG. Bui. pupoides is not very common in the chalkooze. Figg. 8283 the aculeata form. Fig. 82 b the same as 82 more enlarged. Figg. 84 85: nearly the typical Bui. pupoides D'ORB. Fig. 86, more blunt form approaching Bui. pyrula D'ORB. Fig. 87: very small specimen, enlarged. Fig. 88: with the chambers spirally set in a more regular row, approaching Bui. arctica D'ORB.; 88 b the same more magnified. Fig. 89 : small specimen. Fig. 90: pigmy form with extenuated chambers, approaching the habitus of Fz'r- gulina, and with radiating folds. Figg. 91 93: very young specimens seen from above with radiating folds. Fig. 94: slender form, between Bui. pupoides and Bui. (Virgulina) squamosa D'ORB. Syn. Bulimina brevis D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. France (2) 4. p. 41. t. 4, figg. 1314. auriculata, turgida BAILEY, 1850, Micr. Exam, of Soundings; Smiths. Contrib. 2, Art. 3, p. 12, fig. 2530. pyrula D'ORB., 1846, For. Bass. tert. Vienne p. 184, t. 11, figg. 910. ? intermedia Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 37, t. 13, fig. 71. ? Ess., 1850, Kreidemerg. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 39, t. 3, fig. 11. pustulosa COSTA. 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 264, t. 15, fig. 8. ovulum Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreidef. 1, p. 37, t. 8, fig. 57; t. 13, fig. 73. ^4 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. SVH. Bulimina ovulum Rss., 1850, Kreidemerg. Leraberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 38, t. 3, fig. 9. ALTH., 1849, Umgeb. Lerab.; Haid. Nat. Abh. 3. 2, p. 264, t. 13, fig. 18. Murchisoniana D'OBB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. France (2) 4, p. 41, t. 4, figg. 15, 15'. Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1. p. 37, t. 8, figg. 69, 72, t. 13, fig. 70. subsphserica Rss., ibid. 2. p. 109, t. 24, fig. 52. imperatrix, incrasaata KARR., 1868, Mioc. For. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.Ber. 1. 58, p. 176, 177, t. 4, figg. 1112. socialis BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thou Hermsdorf; Ztschr. detitsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 342, t. 16, fig. 10. pitecusana COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 15, fig. 5. elipsoides COSTA, ibid. p. 265, t. 15, fig. 9. Presli var. pyrula PARK, and JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oe.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 372, t. 15, figg. 89. caudigera D'OKB., 1826, An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 270, N:o 16. Mod. 68. marginata PAKK. and JONES, 1857, (partim) For. Norway; A. N. H. 19, t. 11, figg. 3638. buccinoides EGGER, 1857, Mioc. Ortenburg; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1857, p. 282, t. 10, figg. 911. inconstans EGGER, ibid. p. 283, t. 12, figg. 1 3. truncata, d'Orbignyi Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 37, 38, t. 8, fig. 73, t. 13, fig. 74. PPleurostomella brevis SCHWAG., 1866, Foss. Foramf. Kar.-Nikobar; Nov. Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 239, t. 6. fig. 81. Bulimina declivis Rss., 1863, Sept. Thon Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 55, t 6 fig. 70; t. 7, fig. 71. Bobertina austriaoa Rss., 1849, Neue Foramf.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 375, t. 47, fig. 15. Bulimina ovulum D'OiiB., 1839, Voy. Am. merid. 5, p. 50, t. 1, figg. 10 11. ovata D'ORB., 1846, For. Bass. tert. Vienne; p. 185, t. 11, figg. 1314. PARKER and JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 374, t. 17, fig. 67. STACHE, 1865, tert. Merg. Whaingar. Haf.; Nov. Reise, geol. 1. 2, p. 266, t. 24, fig. 14. pupula, aperta, propinqua STACHE, ibid. p. 265, 266, 267, t. 24, figg. 13, 15, 16. pupoides D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 185, t. 11, figg. 11, 12. WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. Forainf. p. 62, figg. 124 125. pedunculata, mamillata COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 334, 335, t. 18, figg. 13, 16. elongata HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 61, t. 10, fig. 7. elegans D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth., Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 270, Mod. 9. obtusa D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie blanche Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. 4, p. 39, t. 4, figg. 56. afflnis D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, foramf. p. 105, t. 2, figg. 2526. ? spec. SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch. loc. cit. p. 136, t. 7, fig. 4. ? tortilis Rss., 1861, Griinsand N. Yersey; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 338, t. 8, fig. 3. pupoides var. fusiformis WILLIAMS., 1858, Rec. For. p. 63, figg. 129130. > acuta, acicula COSTA 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 336, t. 13, fig. 25, t. 22, figg. 6, 8. tenera Rss., 1867, Steinsalzablag. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 94, t. 4, figg. 1112. acuta Rss., 1850, Kreidem. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. 1, p. 38, t. 3, fig. 8. uva ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeressand; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 387, t. 3, fig. 43. cylindrica ROM., ibid, p. 387, t. 3, fig. 44. (an Bui. elongata D'ORB. vide Append, b). KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. HAND. 19. N:O 4. 65 Syn. Bulimina Puschi Rss., 1850, Kreidem. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 37, t. 3, fig. 6. imbricata Rss., ibid. p. 38, t. 3, fig. 7. scabriuscula Ess. I860, For. Crag. v. Antwerp.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 42, p. 360, t. 2, fig. 13. squamigera D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries, p. 137, t. 1, figg. 22 24 (in Virg. squa- mosara transiens). b) spinulosa: Bulimina patagonica D'ORB., 1839, Voy. Am. mend. 5, p. 50, t. 1, figg. 8 9. pupoides var. spinulosa WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. Forf. p. 62, fig. 128. aculeata (Czjz.) Rss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 374, t. 47, fig. 13. Polymorphina? aculeata EHRENB., 1854, Microgeol., t. 19, fig. 85. c) marginata et s p inose-marginata (an species distincta): Bulimina marginata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth., Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 269, t. 12, figg. 10 12. pupoides var. marginata WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. Forf. p. 62, figg. 126 127. marginata (part.) PARK, and JONES, 1857, For. Coast, of Norway; An. Mag. Nat. Hist. 19, t. 11, figg. 3940. Presli var. marginata, var. aculeata PARK, and JONES, 1865, For. N. Atl. and Arct. Oc. ; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 372, 373, t. 15, figg. 1011; t. 17, figg. 6870. spinosa SEG., 1862, Rhizopod. foss. d. Catania p. 23, t. 1, fig. 8 (sep. de Accad. Gioenia Atti (2) 18). etnea SEG. ibid. p. 24, t. 1, fig. 9. acanthia COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 335, t. 13, figg. 3536. ? serrata BAILEY, 1850, Micr. Exarain. of Soundings; Smithson. contrib. knowl. 2, Art. 3, p. 12, figg. 3234. c) carinata vel spinose alata: Textul. eehinata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth., Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 263. N:o 24. Bulimina trilobata D'ORB., ibid. p. 269. N:o 6. aculeata D'ORB., ibid. p. 269. N:o 7. f) costata vel seminuda: Bulimina inflata SEG., 1862, Rhizopod. foss. Catan. p. 25, fig. 10 (Sep. Atti Accad. Gioenia (2) 18. SCHWAG., 1866, Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 246, t. 7, fig. 91. Buchiana Rss., 1867, Steinsalzablag. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 95, t. 4, fig. 10. Buchiana u'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 186, t. 11, figg. 15 18. Presli var. Buchiana PARK, and JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 374, t, 17, fig. 71. truncana GiJMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eoean.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 644, t. 1, fig. 77. HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 61, t. 7, fig. 5. K. Sv. Vet-Akacl. Handl. Band. 19. N:o 4. 66 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Appendix. Plerumque agglutinans. a) gibbosa: Valvulina gibbosa D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. (2) 4, p. 38, t. 4, figg. 12. quadribullata v. HAGEN, 1842, Riigen. Kreideverst, Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1842, p. 570. Globigerina confluens v. HAGEN, ibid. p. 571. Bulimina obesa Rss., 1850, Kreidemerg. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 40, t. 3, fig. 12, t. 4, fig. 1. Ataxophragmium globulare Ess., 1864, Oberoligocan.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 449, t. 1, fig. 2 (an B. variabilis D'ORB.). arenaceum KARR., 1865, Wien. Sandstein; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 52, p. 495, fig. 9. Presli Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 38, t. 13, fig. 72. Rss., 1850, Kreidemerg. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. 1, p. 39, t. 3, fig. 10. Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 31. PBulimina rimosa MARSS., 1878, Rug. Sehreibekr.; Greifsw. Nat. Vereiii. Mitth. 187778, p. 153, t. 3, fig. 21 (forsan Lituola). b) elongata: Bulimina elongata D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 187, t. 11, figg. 1920. Ataxophragmium oblongum Rss., 1865, Feuerstein-Kreide Kanara See; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 52, p. 458, fig. 2. magdalidiforme, subovale, laeeratum. SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikob.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 193, 194, t. 4, figg. 13. c) variabilis: Bulimina variabilis D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Par.; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. (2) 4, p. 40, t. 4, figg. 9-12. Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 37, t, 8, figg. 56, 76, 77. Ataxophragm. simile KARR., 1868, Mioc. For. Faun. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 126, t. 1, fig. 1. humilo KARR., 1878, Foramf. Luzon.; Bolet. Comis. Mapa del Espafia, 7. '2, p. 11, t. E, fig. 3. Bulimina elegantissima D' Tab. IV, figg. 9598. I am unable to find any nearer type for our form than Bui. elegantissima, parti- cularly its variety Rob. arctica D'ORB., though it does not quite agree with any of them. But it is either too young or too pygmean to be more accurately denned. The prin- cipal feature by which it is distinguished from Bui. pupoides is the extreme fineness and close arrangement of the pore-canals, in which respect it is scarcely surpassed by Nodosarina?. The septal bands are generally very thick, somewhat amber-coloured in transmitted light. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:0 4. 67 Some of EHKENBEKGS Stroplioconi seem to be identical with our form. It is not common in the chalk-ooze, seldom attaining more than 0,20 mrn. in length. Fig. 95: small specimen. Fig. 96: the same seen in transmitted light. Figg. 97 98: two other very small specimens. Syn. Bulimina elegantissima D'ORB., 1839, Voy. Am. merid. 5, p. 51, t. 7, figg. 13 14. WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rcc. For. p. 64, figg. 134 135. Presli var. elegantissima PAKK. and JONES, 1865, N. Atl. and arct. Oc.; Phil. Transact- 155. 1, p. 375, t. 15, figg. 1217. elegantissima var. BRADY, 1878, An. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 1, p. 436, t. 21, fig. 12. subteres BRADY, 1881, Qu. Journ. micr. Sc. (u. s.) 21, p. 55. Botalina bulimoides Ess., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 77, t. 5, tig. 38 (ad hanc pertinens sec. PARKER and JONES 1872. Robertina arctica D'ORB., 1846, For. Bass. tert. Vienne, p. 203, t. 21, figg. 3738 (sec. PARKER and JONES). ? obliqua D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie blanc. Par.; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. 4, p. 40, t. 4, figg. 78. Bulimina (Virgulina) squamosa D'ORB. Tab. IV, figg. 99108. I am not able to trace any sort of essential distinction between Bui. (Virgulina) squamosa D'ORB. and Bui. (Virgulina) Schreibersiana Czjz. To judge by the representa- tions of the latter given by different authors all agree in the shape and setting of the chambers, being not quite so regular as in Bui. squamosa typica, which seems to be more biserial in its growth, whilst the CZJZEKS form shews some tendency to a multi- serial arrangement. The boundary between this species and Bui. (Bolivina) punctata D'ORB. is far from being distinct. And yet Mr. D'ORBIGNY found himself compelled to distinguish these two species as two genera. Bui. squamigera D'ORB. from Canary Islands comes very near to this species and may be more allied to this than to Bui. pupoides D'ORB. The variation ot Bui. squamosa consists chiefly in the greater or less flatness and breadth of the chambers and their greater or less elongation backwards. There is also a slight difference in the size and arrangement of the pores and in the transpa- rency of the shell. All our forms are from the chalk-bottom, where they are not unfrequent. Figg. 99 103: comes next to Virgulina Schreibersiana Czjz.; it is generally of a dusky hue, so that. the pores are scarcely visible in transmitted light. It is not un- common and attains a pretty good size. Fig. 104 : more textularia-forrned, of the same dull hue in transmitted light as the preceding. Fig- 105: approaching Bui. (Boliv.) punctata D'ORB. 68 GOES, RETICULAKIAN liHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Figg. 106 107: next to the typical Virgulina squnmosa D'OitB. Our form is quite hyaline and very scantely provided with moderate sized pores. It is probably a pigmyform. Fig. 108: broader, with the chambers less produced. a) minus compressa, interdum fusiformis: Syn. Virgulina squamosa u'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth., Ann. So. Nat. 7, p. 267, N:o 1, Mod. 64. punctata U'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 139, t. 1, tigg. 3536. squamosa ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeress.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 386, t. 3, fig. 39. Bulimina Presli var. Virg. squamosa PARK, and JONES, 1865. N. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 375, t. 15, figg. 1920. Virgulina pertusa Rss., 1860, Crag. Antwerp.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 42, p 362, t. 2, fig. 16. FRICS Mod. 65. tegulata Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 40, t. 13, fig. 81. Schreibersiana GZJZ., 1847, For. Wien. Beck.; Haid. Nat. Abh. 2. i, p. 147, t. 13, figg. 1821. Bulimina marginata var. attenuata PARK, and JONES, 1857, For. Coast of Norw.; An. Nat. H. 19. t. 2, fig. 35. Presli var. Schreibersii PARK, and JONES, 1865, N. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 375, t. 15, fig. 18; t. 17, figg. 7273. compressa BAIL., 1850, Microsc. Exam, of Soundings; Smithson. Contrib. 2, figg. 35 37. cylindracea COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 15, fig. 10. pupoides var. compressa WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. forf. p. 63, fig. 131 (forma valde elongata). Strophoconus norainib. variis EHRENB., 1854, Mikrogeol. t. 20, figg. 2 4; t. 26, fig. 25; t. 28, fig. 27; t. 31, figg. 21, 23, 24, 25,' 32 34. Virgulina Schreibersi HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 63, t. 7, fig. 15. b) magis dilatata, cameris valde productis: Strophoconus Hemprichii EHBENB., 1854, Microgeol. t. 24, fig. 32. c) magis compressa, Bolivinseformis h. e. textularioidea (Buliminse punctatae valde propinqua): Syn. Virgulina Reussii GEIN., Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide. 1, p. 40, t. 8, fig. 61. Rss., 1865, Kreide am Kanara See; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 52, t. 45, fig. 7. Bolivina textilarioides Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 81, t. 10, fig. 1. antiqua D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 240, t. 14, figg. 11 13. elongata KARR., 1878, For. Luzon; Bolet. Comis. Mapa geol. del Espafia, 7. 2, p. 23, t. F, fig. 8. HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 65, t. 7, fig. 14. Polymorph. asparagus, Grammost. macilentum EHRENB., 1854, Microgeol. t. 27, figg. 14 16; t. 29, figg. 3031. PBolivina tenuis MARSSON, 1877, Riigen. Schreibekr.; Greifsw. Nat. Verein. Mitth. 1877 78, p. 156, t. 3, fig. 23 (an B. punctata). KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEM 1ENS IIANMLINGAR. BAND. 19. NIO 4. C ( J Syn. Bolivina tegulata Uss., 1850, Kreidemergcl Lemberg; Heid. Nat. Abli. 4. i, p. 45, t. 4, fig. 12. d) striata: Bolivina nobilis HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 65, t. 15, fig. 4. semistriata HKEN., ibid. p. 65, t. 7, fig. 13. Bnliiuina Kquamosa var. subsquamosa EGGEK Tab. IV, figg. 109 113. This form, which is not to be identified with Virg. subsquamosa EGGER without some hesitation, seems to occupy a position intermediate between D'()RBIGNY'S genus Bulimina and his Virgulina; but it is more nearly allied to the latter than appears at first sight. The generally slender and elongated Virg. squamosa becomes sometimes short and broad (see fig. 103) and then is hardly distinguishable from the variety in question. Its shell-substance like the preceding has in transmitted light the same dusky hue, being, as it were, incorporated with fine dust, which almost hides the pores and presents a strong contrast to the clear, transparent shells of most of its nearest con- geners. The pores are more wide apart than in 1ml. pupoides. The tendency of the early chambers to coil up is of no specific importance and is often wanting. Such broad forms resemble somewhat Cassidulina oblonga Rss. WIL- LIAMSON has described a Bui. pupoides var. convoluta, which may possibly belong to this variety (Brit, recent forarnf. p. 63, figg. 132133). It is always of small size and not uncommon on the chalk-bottom. Fig. 109: a. Textulariafornied ; b. the same more enlarged. Figg. 110 113: two somewhat coiled specimens. Syn. Virgulina subsquamosa EGGEII, 1857, Miocan. v. Ortenburg; Leonh. u. Bronii. Jhrb. 1857, p. 295, t. 12, figg. 1921. tenuis SEG., 1862, Rhizopod. foss. Catania p. 28, t. 2, fig. 2 (Accad. Gioenia Atti (2) 18). Strophoconus? teretiuscula EGGER, 1. cit. p. 292, t. 12, figg. 30 32. Hemprichii EHRENB. (partim) t. 28, figg. 2830; t. 29, fig. 38; t. 32, figg. 1820?. Grammostomum EHRENB., ibid. t. 24, figg. 28 23. Bulimina (Bolivina) punctata D ORB. Tab. IV, figg 114126. This is the most Textularialike of the Bulimina?. Its principal difference from Bui. squamosa should consist in the smaller degree of obliquity in its septa; of course a very vague mark of distinction among members of such a class as Rhizopodes. Bolivina textularioides Rss., Bol. elongata KARR., Bol. antiqua D'OnB., Virgul. Eeussii GEIN. are all intermediate between Bui. punctata and squamosa. 70 GOES, KKTICULAlilAN K11J/OPODA OF THK CAHIBHKAN SEA. The shape of the shell is liable to great variations according to the greater or less degree of convexity of the septa and marginal walls, the breadth of the chambers and its gradual or more rapid increase in size. Sometimes the surface is provided with faint hexagonal impressions like those found on Globigerirni-. Generally it has coarser pore-canals than its congeners, the pores equalling in size those of some Plariorbulina;. The very faint longitudinal folds which some times adorn our form can scarcely be of any, even varietal, importance, being often wanting. Figg. 114 115: the narrow form of Bui. punctata, sometimes provided with a few narrow folds. It is the same as Grammostomum. elegans EHKKNB., Brizalina aina- riensis COSTA, Boliv. plicata n'ORB. & MOB. Generally this has finer pores than the var. dilatata. 1156: the same more magnified. Figg. 116 123: the commonest form of Bui. punctata. Figg. 124 126: the broad form, called dilatata Rss. It is very common on the chalk-bottom but it is of very small size. a) minus dilatata: Syn. Bolivina punctata inerassata catanensis punctata antiqua n'G-RB., 1843, Voy. Am. mer. for. p. 03, t. 8, figg. 10 12. Ess., 1850, Kreidemerg. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. 4. 1, p. 45, t. 4, fig. 13. SEG., Ehizopod. Catania p. 29, t. 2, fig. 3; Accad. Gioenia Atti (2) 18. BRADY, 1864, Rhizopod. Shetl.; Trans. Lin. Soc. 24, p. 468, t. 48, fig. 9. EGGEH, 1857, Miocati. Ortenburg; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1857, p. 294, t. 12, figg. 2226. Presli var. punctata PARK, and JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oo.; 1'hil. Transact. 155. 1, p. 376, t. 17, fig. 74. PARK, and JONES, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, t. 3, figg. 34. SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara Eeise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 255, t. 7, fig. 102. GUMB., 1862, Streitenb. Schwammlag.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 21, p. 228, t. 4, fig. 17. Grammostomum laterale, polystigma, elegans, plica, aciculatum EHRENB., 1854, Microgeol. t. 19, figg. 8384; t. 20, fig. 7; t. 21, figg. 84, 85; t. 20, fig. 10. EHUENB., ibid. t. 20. fig. 8. EHRENB., 1854, Microgeol. t. 24, figg. 1617. EHRENB., ibid. t. 25, figg. 1620; t. 29, figg. 2627. EHRENB., ibid. t. 24, fig. 19. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 297, t. 15, figg. 12. MOB., 1880, Maur. u. Seychell. p. 94, t. 9, figg. 910. punctata ligularia Textil. jurassica Proroporus argus Textul. linearis Nominib. variis Grammost. cribrosum Brizalina senariensis Bolivina punctata b) magis dilatata: Bolivina dilatata reticulata linearis Grammost. nom. var. Bolivina thebaica Ess., 1849, Neue For. Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 381, t. 48, fig. 15. HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 65, t. 15, fig. 6. MARSS., 1877, Eiigen. Schreibekreide; Greifsw. Nat. Verein. Mitth. 1877 78, p. 155, t. 3, fig. 22. EHRENB., 1854, Microgeol. t. 21, figg. 82, 86, 87; t.'24, figg. 2024; t. 27, figg. 13, 20; t. 29, fig. 23; t. 32, figg. 1519. MOB., 1880, Meeresfaun. Maurit. u. Seych. p. 95, t. 9, fig. 11. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:0 4. 71 c) striata vel costulata: 8yn. Bolivina plicata D'OBB., 1843, Voy. Am. mer. 5, p. 62, t. 8, figg. 4 7. MOB., 1880, Beitrage z. Meeresfaun. Mauritius u. Seychell. p. 95, t. 9, figg. 1213. pusilla SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 254, t. 7, fig. 101. ? plicata BRAUY, 1870, Brack, water foram.; A. M. N. H. (4) 6, p. 302, t. 12, fig. 7 (an B. costata D'ORB.). Grammost. sulcatum EHRENB., 1854, Microgeol. t. 20, fig. 9. Bulimina pimctata var. decurrens EHRENB. Tab. IV, fig. 127. A handsome form not uncommon on the chalk-bottom and of pretty good size. It may be more allied to Bui. squamosa than to punctata. Fig. 127: Bui. punctata var. decurrens; 1276.: the same more magnified. Syn. Grammost. decurrens EHRENB., 1854, Microgeol. t. 30, fig. 17. Bolivina decurrens MARSS., 1877, Rugen. Schreibekr.; Greifsw. Nat. Verein. Mitth. 18771878, p. 156, t. 3, fig. 24. Beyrichi Rss., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 83, t. 6, fig. 51. ? Beyrichi HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 64, t. 7, figg. 1112. Bulimina costata D' Tab. IV, figg. 129132. Although our form exhibits some differences from Bolivina costata D'ORB. in being more closely ribbed and having the costaa often produced to short spines, parti- cularly on the edges as in *Btdim. inflata SCHWAG. , it cannot be entitled to rank of distinct species. It is more or less compressed; the pores are of the same size and scattered disposition as is often found in Bui. punctata D'ORB. In its outlines it often has some resemblance to Sagrina pulchella D'ORB. The aperture is very nar- row and difficult to bring into view. It is very common in the chalk-ooze, always of a pigmy size. Fig. 129: very small specimen, highly magnified. Fig. 130: more developed. Fig. 131: edge view of the same; 132: apertural side. Syn. Bolivina costata u'Oni)., 1839, Voy. Amer. mer. p. 62, t. 8, figg. 89; 1846, For. Bass. tert. Vienne p. 239, t. 21, figg. 44 45. Bulimina Presli var. Boliv. costata PARK, and JONES, 1865, N. Atl. and Arct. Oe.; Phil. Transact. 155. 1, p. 376, t. 17, fig. 75. ? Bolivina subangularis BRADY, 1881, Notes on retic. Rliizopod.; Q,u. Journ. Micr. Sc. (N. Ser.) 81. p. 59. 72 GOES, RETICULARIAN KHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Textularia sagittula DEFR. Tab. IV, figg. 133158. The species of Textularia} are riot less difficult to define within proper boundaries than are Nodosarinas. It is obvious that many gradations in the flatness or in the dis- tention of the chambers will make the whole liable to numberless variations, from a compressed lanceolate to a quite conical shape with either straight or sinuous margins and contours. The shellsubstance is also variable in character being sometimes more translucent and glossy, but it is usually agglutinated of calcareous or siliceous debris. In the whole range of known Textularise forms it is therefore not easy to distinguish besides the Gaudryina- and Verneuilina-forms more than 3 or 4 species; that is to say: 1. Textularia sagittula DEFR. or agglutinans D'()RB., including such forms as: Textul. pygmasa, Marian, carinata, cuneiformis, Baudouiana, conica, caribaaa, aciculata, agglutinans, Candeiana etc. D'ORB. and a long list of names from REUSS and others. 2. Textularia gibbosa D'ORB. should be another but, it is a very ill denned species; its chambers being more inflated. 3. A third species is Textularia trochus D'ORB.; this has some tendency to be- come Cuneoline. 4. The fourth species is Textularia pennatula BATSCH., apparently representing an intermediate form between the textularioid Bulirainas and the real Textularise- All these species have their respective Bigenerina? forms. Whether Gaudryiria and Verneuilina are to be considered as varieties, or species, is a question that we are not yet prepared to settle, as our collections are wanting in intermediate forms. The transverse section of our form varies from narrow oval or pointed elliptical to nearly orbicular. The more sagittular form exhibits often raised bands along the sutures. In older specimens the surface is more chalky and uneven. All forms that we have met with are agglutinant; the shell being compactly built up of very fine chalk-debris and dust. Very young ones are semitransparent, presenting a deep brown tint in transmitted light; the fine granular texture of the shell concealing the pores. It appears from many instances in our collection, that whenever the Textularia-stadium becomes more developed, the Nodosarina growth is reduced to only one or two cham- bers; and on the other hand, whenever the Nodosarina-stadium has a high development the textularia-part is found to be stunted and often reduced to a few chambers. These fluctuations of development give rise to a number of varietal Bigenerina-forms. All our forms are composed solely of calcareous matter. Fiffgf 133 136: intermediate form between D'ORBIGNY'S Textul. agglutinans and O^> JCJ Textul. sagittula, and provided with one Noclosarina-chamber, the first step towards forma Bigenerina. Figg. 137 139: the same more flattened and sagittida-\ike. KONGL. SV. VET. AlvADEMIENS HANDLINGAK. HAND 19. NiO 4. 7;-$ Figg. 140 -143: is the typical Textul. agglutinans n'ORB.; it cannot properly be distinguished from Textul. sagittula DEFR. Figg. 144 146: a very compressed and often serrated form; it has received many names: Textul. carinata, Maria, cuneiformis D'ORB., Plecanium serratum, spinulosum, pe- ctinatum etc. Rss. It is sometimes very much flattened out and has then again been loaded with a number of new names. The gradations between this and the conical form are many arid altogether too insignificant to be distinguished from each another even by varietal-names. Figg. 147 149: its first step towards the conical form. Figg. 150 -158: different gradations of Textul. sagittula into the conical form {Textul. cuneiformis var. conica WILLIAMS.); sometimes with convex, another time with flat basis. Figg. 150 151: small specimen. Figg. 152 154: very developed with a chalky texture. Figg. 155 156: smaller specimen with distended base, and nearly circular in transverse section. Figg. 157158: nearly of the same shape as the preceding. a) p y g m re a : Svn. Textularia pygmsea, aeiculata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. moth.: Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 2G3, t. 11, figg. 14, Mod. 7. > agglutinans vnr. pygmsea PARK, nnd JONES, 1865, Arct. and Northatl. Ocean; Phil. Trans/ 155. 1, p. 370, t. 15, fig. 22; t. 17, fig. 78. pygmsea Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 80, t. 9, fig. 11. Caribsea D'ORB , 1839, Cuba, p. 145, t. 1, figg. 2829. " franconica GUMB., 1862, Streitenberg. Schwammlager; Wiirtemb. Nat. Wiss. Ver. Jhrhft. 17 (1862), p. 229, t. 4, fig. 18. ulmensis GUMB., 1871, Ulmer Cementmergcl; Munch. Ak. Sitz.-l?er. 1, p. 68, t. 1, fig. 17. cognata Rss., 1863, Sept. Tbon Kreiiznach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 68, t. 8, fig. 96. bolivinoides Rss., 1859, Westphiil. Kreidef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 335, t. 12, fig. 6. tetraedra, laminaris, mutata COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 288, t. 23, fig. 10, 1517. quadrilatera SCHWAO., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar; Novara Reise, geol. Tli. 2. 2, p. 253, t. 7, fig. 103. triticum JONES, 1850, Kings Monogr. Perm. foss. p. 18, t. 6, fig. 5 (sec. BRADY). " UICHT., 1855, Thuringer Zechstein; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 532, t. 26, figg. 2425; 1861, Geinitz Dyas p. 122," t. 20, figg. 3637. BIIADY, 1877, Carboiiif. and Perm, foramf.; Pal. Soc. 30, p. 134, t. 10, figg. 24 25 (an spec, distincta). pusilla, pugiunculus SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sell.; Wiirtemberg. Nat. Verein. Jlirhft. 21, p. 140, t. 7, figg. 14, 16. attenuata Rss., 1863, Sept. Tbon Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Silz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 59, t. 7, fig. 87. variabilis, y. Isevigata WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. ITC. For. p. 76, figg. 162 163; 168. K Vet. Akncl. Hnn.ll. B. 19. N:o 4. 10 74 GOES, KETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. Textularia ovata, elliptica ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeress.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 384, t. 3, 1igg. 17-18. a prselonga SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar-Nikobar; Novara Eeise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 252, t. 7, fig. 104. articulata llss., 1850, Kreidemerg. Leraberg; Haid. nat. Abh. 4. 1, p. 45, t. 4, fig. 14. multilocularis llss., 1861, Geinitz Dyas 1, p. 122, t. 20, fig. 38. BRADY, 1877, Carbon, and Perm, foraraf.; Pal. Soc. 30, p. 135, t. 10, fig. 23. Proroporus complanatus Ess., 1859, Westphal. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 231, t. 12, fig. 5. Schultzei llss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 80, t. 9, fig. 10. >i sp. SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 21, t. 7, fig. 19. Textularia laevigata, nussdorfensis u'OiiB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 243, t. 14, figg. 14 19. Plecanium lanceolatum KAUR., 1868, Mioc. Fauna Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 129, t. 1, fig. 2. b) margine obtuso s. rotuudato: Textularia agglutinans D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 144, t. 1, figg. 1718; 3234. PARK, and JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 165, p. 369, t. 15, fig. 21. PARK, and JONES, 1866, Crag. Foramf.; Palseont. Soc. 19, t. 3, figg. 14 16 (cameris divisis). u SEG., 1862, Rhizopod. foss. Catania p. 30, t. 2, fig. 4. Sep. Accad. Gioenia Atti (2) 18. Plecanium agglutinans Rss., 1869, Oligocan. v. Gaas; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 59, p. 452, t. 1, figg. 12. Textularia Candeiana D'OKB., 1839 Cuba p. 143, t. 1, figg. 25 27. eximia (D'EICHWALD) BRADY, 1877, Carbonif. and Perm, forf.; Pal. Soc. 30, p. 132, t. 10, figg. 2729. agglutinans var. abbreviata PARK, and JONES, 1876, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, t. 17, fig. 76. conulus Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 38, t. 8, fig. 59, t. 13, fig. 75. llss., 1854, Kreidef. Ostalp.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 7, p. 72, t. 26, fig. 7. lisa., 1859, Westph. Kreidef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 231, t. 13, fig. 3. Plecanium concavum KARR., 1868, Mioc. For. faun. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 129, t. 1, fig. 3. Textularia obtusangula ROM., 1841, Verstein. Nordd. Kreide, p. 97, t. 15, fig. 18. Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 38, t. 8, fig. 58. Plecanium Speieri Rss., 1864, Oligocan.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 447, t. 1, fig. 3. Textularia concinna Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 2, p. 109, t. 24, fig. 34. >i Rss., 1854, Kreide. Ostalpen; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 7, p. 71, t. 26, fig. 6. i> Rss., 1859, Westphal. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 233, t. 13, fig. 1. ii budensis, elongata HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch., p. G7, t. 15, figg. 1, 3. i> globosa HKEN., ibid. p. 67, t. 15, fig. 5. sagittula COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 291, t. 23, fig. 11. fcsda Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 2, p. 109, t. 13, figg. 1213. ? a minima KAUR., 1865, Griinsandst. N. Zee!.; Novara lleise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 79, t. 16, fig. 9. convexa KARR., ibid. p. 78, t. 16, fig. 8. ii rotundata, granulata COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 15, figg. 4, 6. ii rugosa COSTA, ibid. t. 15, fig. 7. KONGL. SV. VKT. AKADEMIKNS HANDI.INtiAU. HAND 19. N:O 4. 75 Syn. Toxtularia proxima, elata, conuloides COSTA, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 23, figg. 8. 9, 12. Faujasi Rss., 1861, Kreidctuff Maastricht; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 320, t. 3, fig. 9. Partschii Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 39, t. 13, fig. 80; 1859, WestphSl. Kreidef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 40, p. 233 t. 13, fig. 6. parallela Rss., 1859, Westphiil. Kreidef.; ibid. p. 233, t. 12, fig. 7. Plecanium parallelum Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 46. 1, p. 33. eocsenum GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 603, t. 1, fig. 3 bis. Sturi KARU., 1864, Leythakalk Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Bcr. 1. so, p. 703, t. 1, fig. 1. depravatum SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirterab. Nat. Verein. Jahresh. 21, p. 93, t. 2, fig. 3. roscidum, foedum KARR., 1870, Kreidef. Leitzendorf; Jhrb. k. k. osterr. geol. Reichs- anst. 20, p. 165, t. 10, figg. 23. Textularia Hayi KARR., 1865, Griinsand. N. Zeeland; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 78, t. 16, fig. 7. c) sagittula: magis anceps, interdurn carinata et serrata: Textularia sagittula (DEFR.) U'OBB., 1826, Tab. Meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 263, N:o 20. PARK, and JONES, 1857, For. Coast, of Norway; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 19, p. 297, t. 11, figg. 4445. PARK, and JONES, 1866, Crag. For.: Pal. Soc. 19, t. 3, figg. 7-9; 77. " agglutinans var. sagittula PARKER and JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 369, t. 17, fig. 77. obsoleta Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1. p. 39, t. 13, fig. 79; 1865, Kreide an Kanara See; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 52, p. 455, fig. 8. P ( > laevis ROM., 1841, Nordd. Kreidegeb. p. 97, t. 15, fig. 17. deltoidea Ess., 1849, Neue For. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 381, t. 49, fig. 4. subrhombica STACHE, 1865, Tert. Merg. Whaingar. Hafen, Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 271, t. 24, fig. 20. flabelliformis GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eoc.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 649, t. 2, fig. 83. subflabelliformis HKEN., 1875, For. Clavul. Szab. Sch., p. 66, t. 15, fig. 2. Plecanium laxatum SCHWAG., 1866, Foss. Foramf. Kar.-Nikobar; Nov. Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 195, t. 4. fig. 5. Textularia subangulata, gramen, abbreviata, Hauerii D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 247, 249, 250; t. 15, figg. 115. Bronniana, deperdita, Mayeriana, carinata, articulata D'ORB., ibid. p. 244 250, t. 14, figg. 2028, 3234; t. 15, figg. 1618. i) compressa, gracilis, lanceolata, subangularis ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meercssmid; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 384, t. 3, figg. 1316. cuneiformis D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 147, t. 1, figg. 3739. WILLIAMS., 1859, Brit. rec. Foramf. p. 75, figg. 158 159. prselonga Czjz., 1847, For. Wien. Beck.; Haid. Nat. Abh. 2. i, p. 149, t. 13, figg. 2830. sagittula D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries p. 138, t. 1, figg. 1921. Baudouiana D'ORB., 1839, Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. 4, p. 46, t. 4, figg. 2930. sagittula COSTA, 1855, For. foss. Mama blu' Vaticano; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 125, t. 1 fig. 16. 7(5 GOES, KET1CULAKIAN KHIZOi'ODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. Plecaniura rugosum Ess., 18C9, Oligociin. von Gaas; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 59, p. 453, t. 1, fig. 3. Textularia anceps Ess., 1845, Bo lira. Kreide 1, p. 39, t. 8, tig. 79; t. 13, fig. 78; 1859, West- phal. Kreidcf. ; Wicn. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 234, t/13, fig. 2. Saxilcyana D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 146, t. 1, figg. 2122. >. prselonga Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide, 1, p. 39, t. 12, fig. 14; 1854, Ostalpen. Kreidef. Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 7, p. 72, t. 26, fig. 8. agglutinans var. carinata PARK, and JONES, 1865, North. All. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 370, t. 17, fig. 79. attenuata, lacera Ess., 1851, Sept. Thou Berlin; Zeitschr. deutscli. geol. Gcs. 3, p. 84, t. 6, figg. 52, 54. carinata HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 66, t. 7, fig. 8. acuta Ess., 1849, Neue Foramf.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 381, t. 49, fig. 1. capitata, carinata var. antipodum, var. robusta STACHE, 1865, Tert. Mergel Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Eeise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 270272, t. 24, figg. 19, 2122. corrugata COSTA, 1855, For. Mania blu' d' Vaticauo; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 125, t. 1, fig. 15. Plecaniura Lythostrotum, solitum SCIUVAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikob.; Novara lleise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 194195, t. 4, figg. 4, 6. Textularia folium PARKER and JONES, 1865, Phil. Transact. 155. 1, t. 18, fig. 19 (an spec. distincta). MOB., 1881, Maurit.. and Seychell. p. 92, t. 8, figg. 1617. euneiformis JONES, 1880, Kings Monogr. Perm, fossils p. 18, t. 6, fig. 6 (sec. EICHTER). EIGHT., 1855, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 532, t. 26, fig. 23. KICHT., 1861, Gein. Dyas p. 122, t. 20, fig. 3435 (sec. BRADY). Jonesi BRADY, 1876, Garb, and Perm, foramiti.; Pal. Soe. 30, p. 133, t. 10, figg. 2022. pala Czjz., 1847, Foss. for. Wien. Beck.; Haid. nat. Abh. 2. i, p. 148, t. 13, fig. 25. dentata ALTH, 1849, Umgeb. Leraberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 3. 2, p. 262, t. 13, fig. 13. Marise D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 246, t. 14, figg. 2931. Flecanium var. Rss., 1867, Steinsalzablag. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sit/,.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 64, t. 1, figg. 57. spinulosum, serratum Ess., ibid. p. 66, t. 1, figg. 3 4. Marise var. inerme GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eoca'n.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. 10. 2, p. 603, t. 1, fig. 3 ter. Textularia pectinata Ess., ibid. p. 98, t. 3, fig. 11. Ess., 1849, Neue For. Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 381, t. 49, figg. 2-3. Textularia variatailis var. spathulata, difformis WILL., 1858, Brit. rec. foramf. p. 76, 77, figg. 164167. (1) c o n i c a : Textularia conica U'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 143, t. 1, figg. 1920. )> euneiformis var. conica WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. forf. p. 75, figg. 160 161. turris D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie blanche Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. 4, p. 46, t. 4, figg. 27-28. llss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 39, t. 13, fig. 76. KONGI,. 8V. VET. AKAOKM1ENS HANDLINGAK. BAND. 19. N:o 4. 77 c) bi for mis (an species distincta): Syn. Spiroplecta rosula EHRENB., 1854, Microgeol. t. 32, fig. 26. Textularia biformis BRADY, 1881, Osterr. Ung. Nordpols-Exp.; Wien. Ak. Dfcschr. 43. 2, p. 101. adnectens PARK, and JONES, 1863, Nomenclature; A. M. N. H. (3), 11, p. 91. agglutinans var. biformis PAKKER and JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and A ret. Oceans; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 370, t. 15, figg. 2324. complexa BRADY, 1865, Trans. Northliumb. 1, p. 101, t. 12, fig. 6 (sec. PARKER and JONES). Textularia sagittula forma bigenerina D'ORB. Syn. Bigenerina nodosaria U'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 261, t. 11, tigg. 9 12, Mod. 57. >.- FRIGS' Mod. 12. ? subtilis KARK., 1878, For. Luzon; Bolet. Comis. Mapa geol. d. Espaiia 7. 2, p. 13, t. E, fig. 6. Textularia agglutinans var. Bigenerina nodosaria PARK, and JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Transact. 155. 1, p. 371, t. 15, fig. 25; t. 17, fig. 80. Bigenerina pusilla ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeress.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 384, t. 3, fig. 20. agglutinans D'ORB., 1846, For. Bass. tert. Vienne; p. 238, t. 14, figg. 810. torulosa COSTA, 1854, Paheont. Nap. 2, p. 285, t. 15, fig. 12. annulata COSTA, ibid. p. 284, t. 15, fig. 13. Gemmulina digitata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. Meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 262; Mod. 58. Textularia agglutinans var. Bigen. digitata PARK, and JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.: Phil. Trans. 155, 1, p. 371, t. 17, fig. 81. Bigenerina digitata BRADY, 1864, Rhizop. Shell.; Trans. Lin. Soc. 24, 'p. 468, t. 48, fig. 8. bifida COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 287, t. 23, fig. 1. Appendix. Textularia spica, elongata CORN., 1848, Nouv. foss. microsc.; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. (2) 3, p. 258, t. 2, figg. 2325. Textularia gibbosa D'ORB. Syn. Textularia gibbosa, obtusa, laevigata D'ORB., 1826, An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 262; Mod. 28. punctulata, tuberosa D'ORB., ibid. p. 262 263. gibbosa PARK, and JONES, 1865, Crag, foramf.; Pal. Soe. 19, t. 3, figg. 1013. BRADY, 1876, Carbon, and Perm. Forf.; Pal. Soc. 30, p. 131, t. 10, fig. 26, Ehrenbergii ROM., 1841, Nordd. Kreidegeb. p. 97, t. 15, fig. 16. globulosa Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 39, t. 12, fig. 23. cordiformis SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrshft. 21, p. 139, t. 7, fig. 15. globigera SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar-Nikobar; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 252, t. 7, fig. 100. globifera Rss., 1859, Westphal. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 232, t. 13, figg. 78 78 GOES, KKTIOULAUIAN KKI/OPOPA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. Textularia Partschii GZJZ., 1847, Foramf. Wieti. Bock.; Haid. Nat. Abh. 2. i, p. 148, t. 13, figg. 2224. pupa Rss., 1859, Westphal. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Site.-Ber. 40, p. 232, t. 13, figg- 45. strombus, peocetia, clypeata, crassa COSTA 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 293 296, t. 13, fig. 34, t. 23, figg. 4, 6, 7. Plecanium Karreri, granosissimum, eurystoma STACHE, 1865, Tert. Merg. \Vliairigar. Hafen; No- vara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 179, t. 21, figg. 1719. Grammostomum depressum etc. EHRENB., 1854, Microgeol., t. 19, flu. 82; t. 25, figg. 8 12; t. 28, fig. 31; t. 32, figg. 5, 9, 10. Spiroplecta americana EHRENB.. ibid. t. 32, fig. 25. b) striata: Textularia striato-punctata EGGER, 1857, Mioc. Ortenhurg; Leonh. u. Bronti. Jhrb. 1857, p. 294, t. 12, figg. 2729. (Nominibus variis) EHRENB., 1854, Mikrogeol. t. 27, figg. 3 5. Spiroplecta americana EIIKENB., ibid. t. 32, figg. 13 14. c) aculeata: Textularia aculeata etc. EHRENB., 1854, t. 29, tigg. 20. a. b. Forma bigenerina D'OitB. Bigenerina Isevigata D'OKB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 261. ampla KAIIR., 1877, Hochquellenwasserleit.; Ostcrr. gcol. Reichsaust. Abh. 9, p. 374, t. 16, fig. 374. patula BRADY, 1876, Garb, and Perm, forf.; Pal. Soc. 30, p. 136, t. 8, figg. 1011. t. 10, figg. 3031. Textularia sagittula DEFK. forma Bigenerina. Tab. V, figg. 159161. Is liable to great variation in size, form and condition of its surface, depending on the greater or less development of the textularia-stage and on the coarseness or fineness of the constituents of the sea-bottom which have been agglutinated. It hap- pens often that the textularia-stage is very atrophic and the chambers are difficult to trace. Our form from the chalk-bottom contains not seldom great many spongia spicula agglutinated with shell- and chalk-debris, so that de surface is quite bristly. The aperture is generally orbicular and central; but sometimes it is semilunar Lri shape. Among several represensations given by different authors of Bigenerinae we have not been able to find any, that fully agrees with our form. Bigenerina torulosa COSTA is the nearest to our coarser specimens, but his is thicker. It is very common in both coralline-gravel and chalk-ooze, and attains a length of 5 6 mm. KONGL. SV. VKT. AKADEMIENS HANRL'NGAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 79 For the synonymy see under Textul. sagittula. Fig. 159: a coarse form, which not (infrequently becomes still rougher and more shapeless, like a small piece of mortar. Fig. 160: the bristly and more regularly made form; its Textularia-stage is often very attenuated with the chambers nearly obliterated; the different shape of the aper- ture is also represented. Fig. 161: a pigmy-form with a nicely developed Textularia-stage. 1616: the same more magnified. (The penultima-chamber of the Textularia-stage is wrongly represented with an aperture leading to the Nodosaria-stage.) Textularia gibbosa D'ORB. forma Bigenerina. Tab. V. figg. 162164. This form differs from the preceding by its Textularia-stage being more round or distended. Its whole appearance reminds one more of a Clavulina than a Bigene- rina, but its early stage its plainly biserial and generally extremely short, without any external septal impressions or markings, its surface usually being polished and of yel- lowish tint. The Nodosaria-stage is generally more rough (not so smooth as is repre- sented in the pictures). The aperture is often replaced by a number of pores; sometimes triangular and provided with a tongue, nearly as in a Valvulina. It is not uncommon in the coralline-gravel, fff slender growth, generally of small size, but sometimes attaining a length of 7 mm. Figg. 162 163: 2 specimens cut open, with a transvers section, fig. 164, of the Textularia-stage, shewing the biserial arrangement; the different forms of aperture are also represented Textularia Pennatula BATSCH. var. aculeata EHRENB. forma Bigenerina. Tab. V, figg. 165166. It is a pigmy with a thin, glassy shell, which soon becomes nodosarine in growth. Thi.s form may also be considered as a pigmyform of the preceding, Textul. sagittula forma Bigenerina, but not having met with transitory forms between the two we place it as a variety of Textul. Pennatula. REUSS has referred this form to his genus Schizo- phora and GUMBEL to Venilina. It shews some affinity to Bolivina in the poration and the shell-substance. It is sometimes provided with a few crescentshaped folds on each segment. It is not common in the chalk-ooze. Fig. 165: the textularia-stage. Fig. 166: its bigenerinaform. 0,42 mm. in length. 80 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHlZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Textularia Trochus D'ORB. Tab. V, %g. 167170; Tab. VI, figg. 171172. In his wellknown treatise: Memoire sur les f or amini feres de la craie blanche du Bassin de Paris, Mem. Soc. geol. France 4, p. 45, t. 4, figg. 25 26, D'ORBIGNY has designated a young Textularia, that very much resembles, and is without doubt iden- tical with our form. Textularia cuneiformis var. conica WILLIAMS, has been referred by CARPENTER also to Textul. Trochus, but that form is rather a Textul. sagittula, to which also should be referred Textul. conica D'ORB. from Cuba. In their admirable work upon the Crag-Foraminifera (Palteont. Soc. 19, tab. 3, figg. 14 16) Messrs PARKER, JONES and BRADY have represented a Textul. agglutinans, with the chambers divided nearly in the same manner as in the West Indian form, with which it also agrees in the shape of aperture and base, but its general shape and features are those of a common Textul. agglutinans. The same Authors' Textul. trochus (Pal. Soc. 19, tab. 3, figg. 17 18) may be identical with our form, but may also prove to be a Textul. sagittula. The Caribbean form is remarkable for its compressed and more or less spread out or fanlike shape, when of a more advanced age. The plane of this compression is quite contrary to that of the commonly known Textularia in as much as the zigzag boundary-lines, marking the septa are found on the edges. It agrees in this respect perfectly with D'ORBIGNY'S Cuneolina from lower Cretaceous formation (For. Bass. tert. Vienne p. 253, t. 21, figg. 50 52) and is an intermediate form between that repre- sented species and the common Textularia. It has sometimes the margins of its long fissure-like aperture here and there quite closely approached one to another and grown together, shewing thus a tendency to the same arrangement of a row of small aper- tures, as we find in Cuneolina. Our form is very compact and thickwalled, tightly agglutinated of the finest de- bris of chalk; the surface is quite smooth and covered with fine pores. When laid open along the flat central space between the two rows of chambers, which space is formed by their apertures, the long chambers are exposed to view. They consist of, first a shallow vestibule occupying the whole breadth of the inner part of the shell: then at the back of the vestibule a row of a few deep impressions or shallow cham- bers, each of which has about four short channels leading out of it. These channels branch off into about the same number of short tubes and these again terminate in from 3 to 5 very fine porecanals. In this way a system of 4 different sets or orders of branching cavities and channels are produced. Each set of ramification is ordina- rely arranged in pairs, one pair being placed above another. Such a regular arrange- ment as the mentioned is however far from invariable, for it happens sometimes, that the first ramification is only di- or trichotomous and the second and third may be va- riable in like manner. Occasionally too a part of a chamber or even a whole chamber is found to be destitute of one or other of the sets of channels. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:0 4. 81 The septa are thicker and more compact on the inner edge, their outer part being so taken up with channels, that they are absorbed, so to speak, in channelwalls. The subdivisions of the chambers in the younger stages are more irregular and spongclike. It is very common, both on the chalkbottom and in the coralline-gravel, and at- tains a length of 6 and a breadth of 4,5 mm. Fig. 167: View of its flat side. Fig. 168: edge. Fig. 169: >) aperture-side. Fig. 170: Vertical section in the flat median plane; in the background of the broad vestibules the first set of channels (or shallow chambers) shew their four rami- fications, the upper couples being half hidden by the slanting septa. Fig. 171, tab. VI: Vertical section through the median transverse plane; the interstices between the septa, the vestibules and the channels of sets N:ris 2 and 3 and the pore-canals are represented. Fig. 172: A chamber, horizontally opened shewing the walls and subdivisions of the channels of the different sets. Textularia pupoides D'ORB. Tab. VI, figg. 173180. The close affinity between the genus Gaudryina D'ORB. and Textularia has long ago been proved by Messrs. PARKER, JONES and CARPENTER, and in fact there is no reason at all for their generic distinction. Indeed evidence may by and by be adduced to shew, that each Textularia-species has its Gaudryina-development, just as it has its Bigenerina form. But ad interim we must consider it as a distinct species, although there is no want of intermediate links, for sometimes the young tri- or multiserial stage is reduced nearly to nothing, and the biserial arrangement occupies almost the whole shell; as for instance in Gaudr. chilostoma Rss. Our form comes next to Gaudr. insecta STACHE, Gaudr. rugosa D'ORB. and Gaudr. preelonga STACHE. It is often very irregular with small protuberances and wrinkles being nearly square in transverse section. Its early stage is often 3 5-serial. At other times it is quite regular, smooth and cylindrical with the multiserial stage reduced to I 2 rows of chambers. Sometimes it is very slender and produced. It is always agglutinated of the finest chalkdust, without siliceous sand. It oc- curs not very commonly both on the chalkbottom and in the coralline-gravel. Figg. 173174: the wrinkled form. Figg. 175 176: transverse section of its 4 5 serial stage. Fig. 177: smooth regular form. Fig. 178: transverse section of the same. Fig. 179: slender produced form. Fig. 180: transverse section of its first stage. K. ST. Vct.-Akad. Ilandl. Bd. ID. N:o 4. 1 I 82 GOES, RETICULARTAN RHIZOPOBA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. a) Gaudryina rugosa, pupoides: Gaudryina rugosa, pupoides i>'0nn.. 1839, For. oraie hi. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. Vr. 4, p. 44, t. 4, figg. 2024. rugosa D'ORB., 1846, Bass. tert. Vieuiie, p. 197, t. 21, figg. 34 36 Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, t. 12, figg. 15, 24; 1855, Tert. Sell, nordl. u. raittl. Deutschl,; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 244, t. 6, fig. 61. HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch.'t. 1, fig. 4. pupa, subglabra GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 602, t. 1, fig. 34. > pupoides II'RICS Mod. 11. subrotundata SCHWAG., 1866, Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 198, t. 4, fig. 9. prselonga KARR., 1877, Hochquellenwasserleit.; k. k. osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 374, t. 16, fig. 6. Textularia chilostoma Rss., 1851, Tert. Sch. Oberschles.; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. (2) 4, p. 18 (xylogr.). Textularia labiata Ess., 1866, Crag. Antwerp.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 42, p. 362, t. 2, fig. 17. Gaudryina chilostoma Rss., 1865, deutsch. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. 1, p. 120, t. 1, figg. 5 7 (TextilaricB gibbosre D'ORB. proxiraa, interdum vix distin- guenda). oxycona Ess., 1859, W r estph. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 229, t. 12, fig. 3. textilaroides HKE., 1875, For. Olav. Szab. Schichten p. 15, t. 1, fig. 6. Reussi HKE., ibid. p. 14, t. 1, fig. 5. >, gyrophora GUMB., 1871, Ulmer Cem. Mergel; Miincb. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1, p. 64, t. 1, flg. 4. Draschei KARH., 1878, For. Luzon; Bolet. Corais. Mapa geol. del Espafia, 7.2, p. 12, t. E, fig. 5. badenensis Rss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.1, p. 374, t. 47, fig. 14. Beussi, obliquata, megastoma, novo Zelandica, eapitata, inseeta STACHB, 1865, Tert. Merg. Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise. geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 177, t. 21, figg. 11-16. crassa MARSSON, 1877, Rugen. Schreibekr.; Greifsw. Nat. Verein. Mitth. 1877 78, p. 158, t. 3, fig. 17. b) magis bulloides: Gaudryina globulifera Rss., 1851, Tert. Srh. Oberschl.; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. (2) 4, p. 18. baccata, uva SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikob.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 200, 201, t. 4, figg. 1213. ? solida SCHWAG., ibid. p. 199, t. 4, fig. 11 (an Verneuilina?). irregularis HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 15, t. 1, fig. 7. erassa KARR., 1870, Kreidef. Leitzendorf; Jhrb. k. k. osterr. geol. Reichsanst. 20, p. 166, t. 10, fig. 4. ulmensis GUMB., 1871, Ulmer Cera. Mergel; Munch. Ak. Sitz -Ber. 1, p. 64, t. 1, fig. 3. c) forma bigenerina: Gaudryina ruthenica Rss., 1850, Kreidem. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 41, t. 4, fig. 4. Flectina irregularis MARSS., 1872, Rugen. Schreibekr.; Greifsw. Nat. Ver. Mittheil. 1877 78, p. 160, t. 3, fig. 28. KONOL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAK. BAND 19. N:O 4. 83 Syn. Gaudryina pavicula SCHWAC;., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 198, t. 4, fig. 10. Plectina clava MARSS., 1877, Kiigen. Schreibekreide; Greifsw. Nat. Verein. Mitth. 1877 78, p. 160, t. 3, fig. 29. PClavulina robusta STACHE, 1865, Tert. Merg. Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 169, t. 21, figg. 910. PGaudryina siphonella Ess., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Ztsclir. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 78, t. 5, figg. 4042. ? HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 14, t. 1, fig. 3. Textularia pupoides var. conica n. Tab. VI, figg. 181182. This variety, which resembles somewhat Gaudryina oxycona Rss. differs from the type-species in being very pointed with a square or trigonal early stage and co- nical-round textularia-stage. It is very tightly built with scarcely any external visible traces of septal impressions or lines. Sometimes it is still more slender and produced than is represented by fig. 181. It has been found only in the coralline-gravel. Fig. 182: apertural side. Textularia triquetra v. MUNST. Tab, VI, figg. 183184. This species, known as Verneuilina, tricarinata D'ORB., has been even generically distinguished from Text, pupoides by D'()RBIGNY; and yet it is nearly impossible to draw a clear line of specific distinction between the two. Both have their young stage constructed after the same plan, both are dimorphous; the more developed form of T. triquetra is commonly referred to Clavulina. It is besides somewhat remarkable, that Text, triquetra and T. pupoides some- times, when from the same bottom, get exactly the same accidental feature of the shell surface; as for instance Verneuilina cretacea KAIIR. from the chalk at Letzerdorf which is provided with the same sort of tubercles all over its surface, as Gaudryina crassa KARR. from the same place. Whether this external likeness is the result of an extremely close relation between the two or an adaptation to local circumstances is in this case difficult to decide about. Our form is in its young stage nearly transparent, with an amber tinge in trans- mitted light; the pores are fine and pretty close. The sides are sometimes scooped out a little, so that the edges become quite sharp; the month reminds one somewhat of the aperture in Valvulina or Miliolina. It is identical with Verneuilina spimdosa Rss. from the tertiary formation of Austria. 84 GOES, THE RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. It is scarce in the coralline-gravel. tTrtiama* Rss. is nothing but an incipient Bigenerina of Text, triquetra. This developed form occurs also in the coralline-gravel. It is generally twice as large as the Verneuilina stage of the fully developed Bigene- rina form. Fig. 183: represents the flat side of Text, triquetra. Fig. 184: the apertural side. Syn. Textularia triquetra (v. MUNST.). ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Mceress.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 384, t. 3, fig. 19. Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 39, t. 13, fig. 77. Verneuilina Munsteri Rss., 1854, Kreide Ostalp.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 7, p. 71, t. 20, fig. 5. Bronni Rss., 1845, Bohra. Kreide 1, p. 38, t. 12, fig. 5; 1855, Kreidera. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. 1, p. 40, t. 4, fig. 2. tricarinata D'ORB., 1839, For. Craic bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. France 4. p. 39, t. 4, figg. 34. D'ORB., 1846, For. Bass. tert. Vienne p. 182, t. 21, figg. 2627. oberburgensis Rss., 1863, Oberb. in Steiermark; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 23. i, p. 6, t. 1, fig. 2. cognata Rss., 1864, Oberoligociin.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 448, t. 1, fig. 1. spinulosa Ess., 1849, Neue For. Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 374, t. 47, fig. 12. EGGER, 1857, Miocan. v. Ortenburg; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1857, p. 292, t. 9, figg. 1718. cretacea KARR., 1870, Kreidef. in Leitzerdorf; Jhrb. k. k. osterr. geol. Reichsanst. 20, p. 164, t. 10, fig. 1. PTextularia atlantica BAILEY, 1850, Examin. of Soundings; Sraithson. Contrib. of knowledge 2, Art. 3, p. 12, figg. 3843. Grammost. aculeatum EHRENB., 1854, Microgeol. t. 28, fig. 17. b) forma Tritaxise (Bigenerinre incipient! sequalis): Textularia tricarinata Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 39, t. 8, fig. 60. Uvigerina tricarinata I/ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Par.; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. (2) 4, p. 42, t. 4, figg. 16-17. Tritaxia pyramidata Ess., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 32, t. 1, fig. 9. Verneuilina dubia Rss., 1854, Kreidemerg. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. 1, p. 41, t. 4, fig. 3. Tritaxia tricarinata Ess., 1859, Westphal. Kreidef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 228, t. 12, figg. 1-2. foveolata, minuta MARSS., 1877, Riigen. Schreibekr.; Greifsw. Nat. Verein. Mitth. 1877 78, p. 161, t. 3, figg. 3031. P ulmonsis GUMB., 1871, Ulmer Cement. Mergel; Munch. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1, p. 63, t. 1, fig. 2. c) forma Bigenerina completa: Verneuilina communis PARK, and JONES, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, t. 3, fig. 19. Clavulina irregularis (MiiNST.) ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeress.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 387. t. 3, fig. 40. elegans KARR., 1865, For. Griinsandst. N. Zeeland; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 80, t. 16. fig. 11. KONGI,. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS IIANDUNGAK. BAND. 19. N:0 4. 85 Syii. Clavulina antipodum STACHE, 1865, Tert. Mergel Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 167, t. 21, figg. 3-8. ? variabilis SCHWAG., 1866, Foss. For. Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara Reise, gcol. Th. 2. 2, p. 197, t. 4, tig. 8. Appendix. Verneuilina polystropha PARK, and JONES, 1865. N. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 371, t. 15, fig. 26. BRADY, Arct. Exped. 187576; A. M. N. H. (5) 1, p. 436, t- 20, fig. 9. Hue a PARKER et JONES relatae sunt: Bulimina polystropha Ess., 1845, Bohm. Kreide. 2, p. 109, t. 24, fig. 53. ? scabra ALTH, 1850, Umgeb. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 3. 2, p. 265, t. 13, fig. 19. WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. For. p. 65, figg. 136137. ? tuberculata EGG., 1857, Miocan. Ortenburg; Leonh. u. Bronns Jhrb. 1857, p. 284, t. 12, figg. 47. pygmaea EGG., ibid. p. 284, t. 12, figg. 1011. Guttulina aculeata, turrita EHRENB., 1854, Microgeol. t. 27, figg. 35 36. Verneuilina rotundata KARRER 1878, Forara. Luzon; Bolet. Comis. Mapa geol. del Esp. 7. 2, p. 10, t. F, fig. 2 (an Gaudryina). Textularia triquetra Bigenerina (alias Clavulina). Tab. VI, figg. 185186. It is not an easy task to decide from the representations of Clavulinse by the different authors which properly should be referred to Text, triquetra and which to Valvulinca genus. Our list of synonyms will therefore be less satisfactory. Our form ressembles somewhat the Bigenerina form of Text, sagittula and is easily overlooked, when found mixed with the latter from the same locality. The shell is rough and bristly with spongeneedles, which are copiously incorporated with the chalkdebris, of which the shell is agglutinated. The aperture is often pouting, round or somewhat crescentshaped. The Verneuilina-stage is very short and with scarcely any traces of outer septal- furrows or marks, obtuse trigonal. It is not common either on the chalkbottom or in the coralline-gravel. Fig. 185: Text, triquetra adulta. Fig. 186: transverse section of the Verneuilina stage. For the synonymy see under the preceding c). 86 GOKS, RET1CULARIAN RIII/OPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SKA. Valvulina triangularis D'ORB., forma Clavulina angularis D'ORB. Tab. XI, fig. 387389. Our form seems to be identical with Clavulina tricarinata D'ORB. from the West- Indies; but it is much larger, sometimes attaining 3 mm. in length. The trigonal cir- cumference is not at all a constant feature in this form, for Clavulina nodosaria D'ORB. from the same locality is unquestionably a Valvulina but of cylindrical shape and not distinct from the tricarinate form. I am far from being able with any satisfactory degree of certainty to identify all of D'ORBIGNY'S Clavulina species, but most of them display an arrangement of their 3 or 4 serial stage more in accordance with the plan of growth of Valvulina than of the more regular type of Text, triquetra. In our form the septal impressions are ordinarily very strongly marked, particularly on the flat sides, where they become changed into broad semilunar transverse furrows. The angles of the chambers are often somewhat pro- duced. The shell-substance is finely agglutinated of chalk-matter. It is not common in the coralline-gravel. Fig. 387: the edge side; 389: the flat side; 389: the aperture. a) rotaliseformis, plus minusve conica: Syn. Valvulina triangularis D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 270. Mod. N:o 25. FRICS Mod. N:o 5. PARK, and JONES, 1857, For. Coast, of Norway; An. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 19, p. 209, t. 11, figg. 1510. CARPENTER, 1860, Introd. t, 11, tigg. 15 16. Rotalina fusca WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. forf. p. 55, figg. 114 115 (sec. CARPKNTEK). Valvulina austriaca D'ORB., 1846, For. Bass. tert. p. 181, t. 11, figg. 7- 8. triangularis vav. conica PARK, and JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 406, t. 15, fig. 27. ? allomorphinoides Rss., 1859, Westph. Kreidef.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 223, t. 11, fig. 6. ? bulloides BRADY, 1876, Carbonif. and Perm, foramf.; Pal. Soc. 30, p, 89, t. 4, figg. 1215. ? plicata BRADY, ibid. p. 88, t. 4, fig. 10. ? rudis BRADY, ibid. p. 90, t 3, figg. 1920. b) buliminsuformis: CARPENT., Introd. t. 11, figg. 19, 25. Valvulina gibbosa D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie blanc. Par.; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. 4, p. 38, t. 4, figg. 12. parvula v. MUNST., globularis v. MUNST. 1838, ROM., Tert. Meeress. N. Deutschl.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 387, t. 3, figg. 4142. Oviedoana D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 103, t. 2, figg. 2122. spicula Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreicle 1, p. 37, t. 13, fig. 69. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDUNGAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 87 c) Clnvulina c o m m u n i s : PNautilus radicula MONTAGU, 1803, Test. Brit. p. 197, t. 14, fig. 6. Clavulina communis D'OitB., 182C, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 268. FmAs Mod. No 10. D'OKB., 1846, For. Bass. tert. Vienne, p. 196, t. 12, figg. 12. irregularis, communis COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 270, t. 2223, figg. 13; fig. 2. d) 01 a v. angularis: triquetra B.SS., 1869, Oberburg; Wien. Ak. Dksclir. 1. 23. 1, p. 6, t. 1, fig. 1. tripleura llss., 1865, Feuerstein-Kreide an. Kanara Sec; Wien. Ak. Site. -Ber. 52, p. 448, t. 1, fig. 1. Szaboi HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szafc. Sch. p. 15, t. 1, fig. 9. Philippinica KARR., 1878, Foramf. Luzon.; Bolet. Comis. Mapa geol. del Espafia, 7. 2, p. 11, t. E, fig. 4. Clavulina parisiensis D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; Acnd. 'Sc. Nat. 7, p. 268, Mod. 66. nodosaria D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 110, t. 2, figg. 1920. Orthocerina clavulus D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 255, Mod. 2 (sec. PARK, and JONES). Clavulina angularis D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. Meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 268, t. 12, fig. 7. tricarinata D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. Ill, t. 2, figg. 1618. CARP., Introduct. t. 11, figg. 17, 18. Yiilvulina triangularis D'ORB. var. polyphragma n. Tab. XI, figg. 390400. Tt is somewhat surprising, that this Clavulina, which is one of the most frequent rhizopodes on our chalk-bottom, has escaped the notice of our many and industrious scrutinizers of the different tertiary strata, amongst the constituents of which this spe- cies also may be anticipated. The loosely agglutinated structure of its shell may have prevented its more extensive preservation during the ages. Its Valvulina-stage proper, is ordinarely very short and owing to its strongly agglutinant power the limits and arrangement of its chambers are nearly perfectly masked. This early stage seems sometimes to belong to the rotaline form of Valvulina. Sometimes, but not so frequently, it has a more produced (buliminoid) shape. The most remarkable feature by our form is the high development of its uniserial stage with its regular, handsome lituolina-like, radial subdivisions of the chambers. These subdivisions vary in number from 5 to 10 or rather from 10 to 20, each being sub- divided into two branches. The aperture is usually closed by a thin cribriform lamina. The surface of the shell, even in the young, is often studded with knobs and coarse spines of accumulated chalkdebris. The shape of the whole varies from cylindric and clavate to ovoid, and globular. The older ones assume ordinarely the ovoidforra, resulting from the thick deposit of debris, which render the outer layers soft, like white-chalk. It is devoid of siliceous sand; but from the Atlantic Prof. SMITT and D:r LJUNGMAN have braught home large specimens somewhat admixed with real and coarse sandy particles. 88 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. As far as I know, there is not on record any Valvulina with subdivided cham- bers but Valv. Younc/i BRAD, from the lower carboniferous limestone in Scotland and England (Palteogr. Soc. 30, p. 86, t. 4, figg. 69). Fig. 390: clavate, smooth and hard specimen, with produced valvuline stage. Fig. 391: stout form with thick deposit of chalk. Fig. 392: median section of the same. Fig. 393: longitudinal section of a better defined specimen displaying the ovoid or uterus-shaped central space of the chambers, their radiating, bifid divisions, and the very short triserial stage. Fig. 394: transverse section through the earlier stage, exhibiting the triserial ar- rangement. Fig. 395: section at the commencement of the uniserial stage. Fig. 396: section through the more advanced stage. Fig. 397: young clavate form cut longitudinally. Fig. 398: young ovoidal form. Fig. 399: still younger form, nearly globular. Fig. 400: longitudinal cut of a very young specimen, only l.i mm. Valvulina triangularis var. eocaena GUMB. Tab. XI, figg. 401403. The multiserial stage is so very little developed as often to be wanting, and the specimen may be taken for a Lituolina; or at the best the early stage is reduced to a few chambers, rendered extremely indistinct or masked by the agglutinated coarse sarid- grains. Unquestionably our form ought to be placed quite near to ^Clavulina com- munism D'()RB. The shell of our form is tightly built of coarse sandgrains mixed with a greath many sponge-needles. Its shape varies from a more slender, to a stout pupoid form, which latter is prevalent. The aperture is generally very narrow, not iinfrequently poreformed, sometimes obsoletely triangular. The chambers are ordinarely undivided, but occasionally there are at nearly regular intervals a few sandgrains projecting from the walls, representing rudimentary partitions. From the northalpine Eocajn Mr. GUMBEL has designated a variety of Clavulina, that seems nearly identical with our form (Clavulina eoccena GUMB. 1868, K. Bay. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 601, t. 1, fig. 2). It is riot unfrequently met with in the coral- line-gravel and chalk-ooze, attaining a length of 3 mm. Figg. 401 402: thicker and narrower specimens, the first one with scarcely a valvulina-stage. Fig. 403: the aperture KONGL. SV. VKT. AKADKMIKNS HANDLINGAR. HANI). 19. N:(> 4. 89 Candeina nitida D' Tab. VI, figg. 187189. This distinguished form was considered by D'ORBIGNY as being in near affinity to Globigerina merely on account of its globular chambers. The same relationship is also attributed to it by Mr- BRADY (Notes on retic. Rhizop. Challeng. exped.; Quart. Journ. rnicrosc. Sc. 75, p. 292). Professors PARKER and JONES again place it in the closest relation to the threeserial Textulariac. The poration, which is extremely fine and ex- actly resembles that of the vitreous Textularia triquetra, as well as its plan of growth would seem to afford some support to this latter suggestion. It is very scarce in the chalk-ooze, always of a pigmy size. According to BRADY its habits seem to be pelagic. Fig. 187: the spiral side. Fig. 188: sideview. 189: basal-side. Syn. Candeina nitida D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 108, t. 2, figg. 27 28; 1846, For. Bass. tert. Vienne, p. 192, t. 21, fig. 28. Splueroidina bulloides D'ORB. Tab. VI, figg. 190193. Our form differs sometimes from the typical one in having its aperture more regular and symmetrically placed in the midst of the septal suture of the last cham- ber. The apertural tongue is not seldom wanting and the mouth becomes of the same shape as in Globigerina. The poration is just as fine and delicate as in Candeina. It occurs not frequently in the chalk-ooze, and is of small size. Syn. Splueroidina bulloides u'Oitu., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 267. PARK, and JONES, 1854, Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 369, t. 16, figg. 52. austriaea n'Oiin., 1846, Bass. tert. Vienne, p. 284, t. 20, figg. 1921. Rss., 1849. Neue For. osterr. tert. Reck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. tt 1, p. 387, t. 51, fig. 319. EGGER, 1857, Miocan. Ortenburg; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jlirb. 1857, p. 273, t. 6, figg. 1920. HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 62, t. 10, fig. 4. SCIIWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara Ileise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 250, t. 7, fig. 98. variabilis Rss., 1851, Sept. Tlion Berlin; Zeitschr. deutscli. geol. Oes. 3, p. 88, t. 7, figg. 61 64. ? variabilis var. conica Rss., 1863, Sept. Thon OfTenbaeli ; Wien. Ak. Sit7,.-Ber. 1. 48, p, 58, t. 7, fig. 86. K. Sv. Vct.-Aknd. TTnndl. M. in. N:o 4. 90 CJOKS, RETIC'ULARIAN HIIIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Globigerina nniversa D' Tab. VI, fie;. 194. This species has received a smaller number of names than most of the .other species of this class, owing to its simple and nearly uniform structure in all seas and in those geological strata, where it has appeared. Orbulina Neojurensis KARU. from the secondary strata of Austria is distinguished by a strongly reticulated surface, but this feature is common within the whole genus, and is not a mark of essential importance. A twinform is sometimes met with, which has been identified with Glob, bilobata D'ORB. from the tertiary strata ;it Vienna. But n'OiiBiGNY's form is provided with a lateral aperture like that in the ordinary Glob, bulloidcs. Our twinform is destitute of such an orifice, in place of which it is provided with the usual large pores, scat- tered between the finer ones. Globigerina bipartita Rss., from the Aritwerpen.-Crag may belong to this form. Globigerina universa of different sizes and thinness of shell is very common on both sorts of bottom at our localities. The twinform, fig. 194, is very rare in the coralline-gravel. Syn. Orbulina universa n'C-RB., 1839, Cuba p. 3, t. 1, fig. 1; 1844, lies Canaries p. 122, t. 1, fig 1; For. ten. Vicnne p. 22, t. 1, fig. 1. BAIL., 1850, Microsc. Exam, of Soundings; Smitlison. Contrib. 2. :5, p. 9> fig. 1. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 11, fig. 5. tuberculata, granulata COSTA, ibid. fig. 1 2; t. 15, fig. 14. granulata ft impressa, y areolata ibid. t. 11, figg. 3 4. universa WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. Porf. p. 2, fig. 4 (arcnacen"). Neojurensis KARU., 1867, For. Ostcrr.; Wien. Ak. Sit/.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 368, t. 3, fig. 10. universa WALLICH, 1876, Deepsea Researches fig. 13. Globigerina universa BRAD., 1879, Notes on Ret. Rhi/op. CImllcng. Exp.; CJn. Journ. Micr. Sc. (n. Ser.) 75, p. 289. Globigerina bulloides D'ORB. Tab. VI, figg. 195 207. As with most other species of this class Glob, bulloides also has its tiny pigmy- form, that in some respect deviates from the type. It is usually of more regular growth; the first chambers are extremely small (about 0.02 mm.) and with 5 or 6 in each convolution; the pores are generally finer than in the larger and coarser form, It was distinguished by D'ORBIGNY as Glob, cretacea and Glob. Dutertrei; Glob, dubia EOGER. The stoutly developed form of Glob, bulloides commences its life with much larger and fewer chambers in each convolution. It is often very irregular, the chambers KONG],. SV. VKT. AKADKM1EN* IIANDL1NGAK. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 1)1 being more or less loosely connected, whence arises the difference in the number of visible apertures; not nnfrequently the shell appears as if broken through by the im- mense apertures, which look like large defects in the chamber-walls. The shape of the chambers varies from globiform and oval to compressed thumb-like and even beak- formed. The surface of the shell arid the size of the pores are also liable to some va- riation, but even such features seem in this species to be only of an accidental character. The most distinct character is found in the variety called Glob, hirsuta D'OKBIGNY, which has its chambers regularly coiled up in a nautiloid way, with the last ones generally unattached to the preceding coil. The aperture in this variety is situated on the inner (or lower) side of the last chamber. It is a mediate form between the pig- my and the typical forms. Notwithstanding all such peculiar features, we do not con- sider it in accordance with the usual conception of varietal distinction to mark this form with a separate designation. The thick-walled, sometimes very coarse form with several outer apertures, by D'ORB. distinguished as Glob, rubra, is one of the commonest on our bottoms and has usually a reddish tint. Mr. H. BRADY in his valuable paper Notes on some of the Reticularian Rliizopoda of the f>Q]iallm(jer Expedition* in Quart. Journ. Microscop. Science (new ser.) 75, p. "284. distinguishes the following varieties of Globigerina bulloides: Globigerina dubia EGGER. cretacea D'ORB. >> cequilateralis D'ORB. digitata BRAD. inflata D'ORB. Dutertrei D'ORB. 11 rubra D'ORB. confflobata BRAD. saccutifera BRAD. helicina D'ORB. Fig. 195: a form near to REUSS' and others' Glob, trilobato, with the chambers highly developed from the first and with 1 or 2 apertures; seldom met with on the coralline-gravel. Fig. 196: a coarse, thickshelled form with large chambers and several apertures; it comes near to Glob, rubra D'ORB. and may be identical with Glob, conglobata BRAD.; from the coralline-gravel. Figg. 197 199: with large and loosely connected chambers, large apertures, and with the last chamber approaching to the thumbform. The pores are of middle size sunk in the bottom of the usual hexagonal impressions (fig. 199); from the coralline- gravel. 92 GOES, UETICULAKIAN KIII/,orol>A OF THE CAKilSIJKAN SKA. Fig. 200: the same form with still wider apertures; the latest chamber lias a compressed beakform and is quite open underneath; from the chalk-ooze. Fig. 201 202 the nautiloid form; from the chalk-oo/.e. Fig. 203: the pigmyform: Glob, cretacea i/Oni?., 203 b: the same more magnified from the chalk-ooxe. Figg. 204207: the same form highly magnified with pores variable in .size; viewed in transmitted light; from the chalk-ooze. a) caraeris conglomcratis: Syn. Globigerina inflata D'OIIB., 1844, lies Canaries, p. 134, t. 1, figg. 79. bulloldes viir. inflata I'AHK. and JON us, 1865, N. Atl. and A rut. Oc.; Phil. Trans. l. r >5 i p. 367, t. 16, figg. 1C 17. taulloides I/ORH., 1826, Tabl. mctli.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 277, N:o 1, Mod. 17 ut 76. " D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries p. 182, t. 2, figg. 1 3; 28. " ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeressaud, Leonli. u. Eronn. Jlirb. 1838, t. 3, fig. 42 a. i>'OiiB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 163, t. 9, figg. 46. WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. reu. Forf. p. 56, figg. 116118. PAIIK. and JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and A ret. Oe.; Phil. Transact. 155. 1, p. 365, t. 16, fig. 15. GiiMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocaii.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 66), t. 2, fig. 106. HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 69, t. 8, fig. 2. ft borealis BRADY, 1881, Osterr. Ung. Nordpols-Exp.; Wien. Ak. Dksehr. 13. 2, p. 103; An. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 1, t. 21, fig. 10. regularis D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vieune p. 162, t. 9, figg. 1 3. helicina D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 277, N:o 5. globularis U'ORB., ibid. p. 277, N:o 3. ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeressand, Leonh. u. Broun. Jlirb. 1838 t. 3 fig. 57. trilocularis D'ORB., 1826, An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 277, N:o 2. lion., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeressand; Leonli. u. Broun. Jlirb. 1838, t. 3, fig. 41 a. bilobata D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 164, t. 9, figg. 1114. quadrilobata D'ORB., ibid. p. 164, t. 9, figg. 7 10. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 21, fig. 56; p. 240. alpigena, asperula GIJMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. >, t. 2, fig. 107108. regularis COSTA. 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 240, t. 21, fig. 3. triloba Rss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dksehr. 1. i, p. 374, t. 47, fig. 11. HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 69, t. 8, fig. 1. siphonifera D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 83, t. 4, figg. 1518. rubra D'ORB., ibid. p. 82, t. 4, figg. 12 14. BAILEY, 1850, Micr. Exam, of Soundings; Smiths. Contrib. 2, Art. 3, p. 11, fig. 2024. > elevata D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. 4, p. 34, t. 3, figg. 1516. reticulata STACHE, 1865, Tert. Merg. Whaingar. Haf.; Novara Reise, guol. Th. 1. a, p. 287, t, 24, fig. 37. KONGL. SV. VKT. AKAUEM1KNS HANDLINGAU. HAND. 19. N:<> 4. 93 Syn. Globigerina aiigipora STACUB, 1805, Tort. Mergel Wbaingar. Hafen; Novara Ileise, geol. Tli. 1. a, p. 287, t. 24, fig. 36. :> seminulina SCIIWAG., 1866, Kar. Nikobar; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, t. 7, fig. 112. conglomerata SCHWAI;., ibid, p. 255, t. 7, fig. 113. ? bipartita Hss., 18(5:5, Crag. d'Anvers; Hull. Ac. Belg. (2) 15, p. 156, t. 3, fig. 46. (Bhynchospira) glomerata KARII., 1877, Hochqucll. Wasserl.; geol. Reichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 387, t. 16.. tig. 53. ?Cassidulina globulosa EGG., 1857, Mioc. Ortenburg; Leonh. u. Bronii. Jhrb. 1857, p. 296, t. 10, tigg. 46. b) magis regular is helicoidea vel subhelieoidea; var. cretacea u'ORB. Globigerina hirsuta U'OHH., 1844, lies Canaries p. 133, t. 2, figg. 4 6. " concinna Rss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wieu. Ak. Dkselir. 1. I, p. 373, t. 47, fig. 8. diplostoma Rss., ibid. p. 373, t. 47, figg. 9-10; t. 48, fig. 1. regularis Kss., ibid. p. 373, t. 47, fig. 7. eocsena GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eociin.; K. Bayr. Ak, Wiss. 1. 10. a, p. 662, t. 2, fig. 109. cretacea D'OBB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. France 4, p. 341, t. 3, figg. 12-14. Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 36, t. 8, fig. 55. Dutertrei n'Onu., 1839, Cuba, p. 84, t. 4, figg. 1921. dubia EGG., 1857, Miocan. Ortenburg; Lnonh. u. Bronns Jhrb. 1857, p. 281, t. 9, figg. 79. > Carteri KAKK., 1878, Foramt'. Luzon.; Bolet. Comis. Mapa geol. del Espafia 7. a, p. 23, t. F, fig. 9. spirata BOKNEM., 1855, Sept. Tbon Hermsdorf; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Gcs. 7, p. 342, t. 16, fig. 9. c) magis planata; rotalif ormis; marginata Rss.: Botaliiia hirsuta D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries p. 131, t. 1, figg. 37 39. Bosalina marginata Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide. 1, p. 36, t. 8, figg. 54, 74, t. 13, fig. 68. Rss., 1854, Kreide Ostalp.; Wien. Ak. Uksclir. 7, p. 69, t. 26, fig. 1. a canaliculata Rss., ibid. t. 26, fig. 4. Linneiana D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 101, t. 5, figg. 10 12 (sec PARK, et JONES). <1) troclioides sive Rhynchospira EHKKNB.: Globigerina canariensis u'OitB., 1844, lies Canaries, p. 133, t. 2, figg. 10 12. trochoides Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreidcf. 1, p. 36, t. 12, fig. 22. " Rss., 1850, Kreidemerg. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 37, t. 3, fig. 5. PRhynchospira abnormis HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sell. p. 69, t. 7, iigg. 17 19 (Vernetilinn;- formis). 94 GOES, RimCULAKIAN KIll/OL'UDA OF Tllli CARIBBEAN SKA. Carpenteria balaniformis GKAY var. proteifonnis n. Tab. VI, figg. 208214; Tab. VH, ligg. 215219. In general our form agrees in structure with Carpentaria balaniformis from the Pacific (Carpenter Introduction t. 21); but it appears to be of a higher development than the latter. It is a Proteus without its equal in this class. Its original structure is regularly rotaline, but owing to its strong propensity to propagate additional cham- bers, particularly from its upper, i. e. apertural side and from the chamber-walls also issuing strong tubes, out of which new chambers are developed, the greatest variety of forms and alienation from the parent-type is the result. At one time the shell has its balaniforrn shape carrying on its top a cluster of ovoid or globular chambers. At another time this cluster appears detached from its parent shell, of which nothing is traceable. Sometimes the whole assumes the shape of a somewhat irregular jNodosarina. When this becomes ramified, the whole resembles some forms of Polytrema, to which genus Mr. CARTER not improperly has referred this species (CARTER, 0n the Poly- tremata, A- M. N. H. (4) 17. 187G. p. 185). This variety is often of a rosecolonred tinge; its chambers are generally of smaller size and more closely fitted and irregu- larly triserially arranged, the whole structure somewhat resembling a Ceriopora cribrosa GOLDF., but not so regularly built as that. Its surface is often provided with coarse scattered impressions beside the channelpores. Again it is developed in a free and unattached state into the shape of a large Globigerina or Bulimina. The chambers are sometimes of an extraordinary size 3 or 4 mm. The pore-canals are large, pretty regularly and closely arranged in the thick walls. Carpenteria Rhaphidodendron MOEB., 1880, Maurit. u. Seychell. p. 81, t. 5, figg. 6 10, t. 6, figg. 1 6 seems not essentially to differ from the Philippine form. Rupertia stabilis WALLICH, A. M. N. H. (4) 19 (1877) p. 501, t. 20 seems to be- long to this genus, and may be a pigmy form ot this species notwithstanding its fissure- like and differently placed aperture. Its near affinity to Carperiteria is also indicated by Mr. WALLICH. Sphceroidina dehiscens PARK, and JONES, from India (Philos. Trans. 155. 1. t. 19, fig. 5, seems also to come nearer to Carpenteria than to any other genus. It is not rare in the coralline-gravel and also in the chalk-ooze; it grows not seldom to a hight of 10 mm. with long varicous branches. Fig. 208 is the regular balaniform-rotaline, attached form ; a new chamber shoot- ing forth from the apertural part. Fig. 209: a thin section of the walls, showing a network of pores very densely arranged. Fig. 210: a tranverse section at the base, showing an entirely rotaline structure. Fig. 211: another form with aulostorna-tubes on the latest segment. Fig. 212; Nodosarina- or Virgulinaformed. KONGL. SV. VET AKADKMIKNS HANDLINGAK. HANI). 19. N:() 4. 95 Fig. 213: rotaliform with u cluster of extra chambers. Fig. 214: a single detached chamber with 3 eferent and 1 afferent tubes. Fig. 215- 216: free, globigerine form, with fissure like aperture- Fig. 217: medians section of the same. Fig. 218: Polytremaformed, uniserial. Fig. 219: Buliminaforrned. & Syn. Carponteria balaniformis GRAY, 1858, On Carpenteria etc.; Proceed. Hool. Soo. 1858. 26, p. '266. CARP., 1862, Introduct. p. 180, t. 21. monticularis CART., 1877. A. M. N. H. (4) 19, p. 209: t. 13, fT. 915; ibidem 20. p. 68. Polytrema balaniforme CART., 1876, A. M. N. H. (4) 17, p. 198, t. 13; figg. 710. Planorbulina f'arcta FICHT. and MOLL. Tab. VII, figg. 220225. Our form has sometimes a subnautiloid shape with both sides nearly alike in- dicating an independent life, but in general it is truncatuline. This nautiloid form is hardly to be distinguished from Plan, tuberosa FICHT. and MOLL. The early stage of growth is not distinguishable from the young of Plan, vulgaris n'ORB. It is scarcely within our power to identify the many species referred to the genera Truncatulina, Anomalina, Rosalina etc.; which have been somewhat uncritically instituted by the different authors. Our list of synonyms, to a great deal founded on the able suggestions and unparalleled experience of Messrs. PARKER and JONES, may still be liable to some errors in the disposition of the species. This cosmopolite is not uncommon, particularly in the chalk-ooze, but it seldom attains fully 1 mm. in diameter. Figg. 220 222; 223 225: two specimens viewed from different sides; the one more Anomalina formed than the other. Syn. Nautilus farctus FICHT. and MOLL., 1803, Test, microsc. p. 64, t. 9, figg. g, \\, i. a) irregularis: vulgaris D'ORB. Webbina Isevis, tuberculata SOLLAS, 1877, Geol. Mag. Dec. 2; 4, N:o 1, p. 103, t. 6, figg. 13. Truncatulina variabilis D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries p. 135, t. 1, fig. 29. Rss., 1864, Oberbnrg; Wien. Ak. Dksclir. 1. 23. i, p. 10, t. 1, fig. 15. innormalis COSTA, 1854, Pal Nap. 2, t. 21, fig. 11. Planorb. truneata EGO., 1857, Mioc. Ortenb.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1857, p. 280. t. 10, figg. 15-17. Acervulina cretse MARSS., 1877, Riigen. Schreibekreide; Greifsw. Nat. Verein. Mitth. 1877 78, p. 169, t. 5, fig. 39. Anomalina anomala EGO., 1857, Mioc. Ortenb.; Leonli. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1857, p. 280, t. 9, figg. 10-13. Truncatulina tumoscens Eoo., ibid. p. 279, t. 9, figg. 14 16 (in PI. tubcrosam transgrcdiens). 96 GOES, KETICUI,ABIAN RHIZOl'ODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. Truncatulina variabilis D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. moth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 279 (= PI. tuberosa sec. PARKER et JONES). Planorb. mediterranensis D'ORB., 1826, Tab. raeth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 280. Mod. 79; 1846, Bas. tert. Vienne, p. 166, t. 9, figg. 15-17. vulgaris D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 85, t. 6, fig. 1115; 1844, lies Canaries p. 34, t. 2, fig. 30. WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. Foramf., p. 57, figg. 119120. difformis v. MUNST.; ROMER, 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeressande; Leonh. u, Broun. Jhrb. 1838, p. 390. t. 3, fig. 59. farcta var. mediterranensis PARK, et JONES, 1865, N. all. and Arct. Oc., Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 383, t. 16, fig. 21. retinaculata PARK, et JONES, 1862, Carp. lutrod. p. 209; Phil, transact. 155. p. 421, t. 19, fig. 2. larvata PARK, et JONES, 1865. ibid. t. 19, fig. 3; A. M. N. II. (3) 5, p. 68. CARTER, 1877, On for. found in and about Tubipora musica; A. M. N. II. (4) 19, p. 214. Nominib. variis EHRENB., 1854, Microgeol. t. 25, fig. 42 43. b) raagis regularis: farcta FICHT. and MOLL.: Nautilus lobatulus WALK, and JAC., 1784, Test. min. rar. fig. 69. I gec p ARK . Serpula lobata MONTAGU, 1803, Test. Brit. Suppl. p. 515, fig. H. a. | ct JONRS. Planorb. nitida D'ORB., 1826, Tab. rneth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 280, Mod. 78. Truncatulina tuberculata, Planulina incerta D'ORB., ibid. p. 279, 280, Mod. 37. Isevigata ROM., REUSS' Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 37, t. 13, fig. 47. lobatula WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. For. p. 59, figg. 121123. , alternans COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 249, t. 14, fig. 7; t. 20, (ig. 12. Rosalina insequalis COSTA, ibid. t. 14, fig. 8. Truncatulina carbonifera BRADY, 1876, Cavbonif. and Perm, foramf.; Pal. Soc. 30, p, 138, t. (I, fig. 10. Nominibus variis EHRENB., 1854, Microgeol. t. 19, fig. 87, t. 25, figg. 2728, 3538; t. 26, figg. 3236. Truncatulina Beaumontiana D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. France 4, t. 3, figg. 1719. lobata D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries, p. 134, t. 2, figg. 22 24. lobatula D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 168, t. 9, figg. 1823. ? Boueana, Anomalina variolata D'ORB., ibid. p. 169, 170, t. 9, figg. 24 26, 2729- Boueana BRADY, 1876, Garb, and Perm, foramf.; Pal. Soc. p. 138, t. 6, fig. 10. lobatula PARK, et JONES, 1857, For. Coast, of Norway; An. Mag. Nat. Hist. 19, p. 293, t. 10, figg. 1721. Planorb. farcta var. lobatula PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans 155. 1, p. 381, t. 14, figg. 36; t. 16, figg. 1820. Truncatulina lobatula PARK, et JONES, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, t. 2, figg. 410; 19. convexa Rss., 1854, Kreidemerg. Ijemberg; Maid, Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 36, t. 3, fig. 4. Rotalina sulcata Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.46, p. 85, t. 11 fig. 2 (Obs. Rot. sulcata ROM. incerta est). Rosalina rudis Rss., ibid. p. 87, t. 11, fig. 7. nitons Rss., ibid. p. 86, t. 11, fig. 4. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAK. BAND. 19. NIO 4. 97 Syn. Truncatulina sublobatula, Rot. ammophlla, macrocephala GUMB.. 1808, Nordalp. Eocau.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 659, 652, t. 2, fig. 103; figg. 9091 (in PI. Ungerianam transieus). Anomalina explanata COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 252, t. 14, fig. 4. PSoldania hcxagona COSTA, ibid. p. 248, t. 20, fig. 6. Truncatulina magnifica COSTA, ibid. t. 14, fig. 3. Rotalia deplanata Rss., 1855, Kreidegeb. Meklenburg; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Oes. 7, t. 11, fig. 3. Truncatulina concinna Rss., ibid. p. 285, t. 11, fig. 4. Dekayi Rss., 1861, Griinsand, NewYersey; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.44, p. 338, t. 7, fig. 6. horrida KARK., 1870, Kreidef. Leitzendorf; Osterr. geol. Reiclisanst. Jhrb. 20, p. 183, t. 11, fig. 14. Rotalina pusilla SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 21, p. 141, t. 7, fig. 20. Bosalina galiciana ALTH, 1850, Utngeb. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 3. 2, p. 265, t. 13, fig. 20. Truncatulina lobatula MARSS., 1877, Riig. Sclireibekr.; Greifsw. Nat. Verein. Mittheil. 187778, p. 167, t. 5, tig. 38. advena D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 87, t. 6, figg. 35. ? communis Rss., 1855, Tert. Schicht. nbrdl. u. raittl. Deutsehl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 242, t. 5, fig. 56. oblongata Rss., 1863, For. Crag. d'Anwers; Bull. Ac. Belg. (2). 15, p. 155, t. 3, fig. 45. Candei D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 88, t. 3, figg. 68. Rosalina Bosqueti Rss., 1861, Kreidetuft'. Maastr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 316, t. 3, fig. 1. Rosalina Edwardsiana D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 101, t. 1, figg. 8 10. Planorbnlina farcta var. vulgaris D'ORB. Tab. VII, figg. 226227. If one should venture to dispose the Planorbuliria forms into species, instead of using the more philosophical way of arrangement initiated by Messrs. PARKER and JONES, 3 or at the most 4 forms might be distinguished by somewhat specific charac- ters. This genus is next to Nodosarina the clearest example of the advantage of the nomenclatural system adopted by those eminent naturalists. Some or perhaps all of these species have a free and an attached form, whence it will be obvious, that a number of varieties may result from the different modes of life. The attached forms have a great propensity towards irregular growth, and forms like Truncatulina variability D'ORB. Webbina lewis and tuberculata SOLLAS, Plan, vulgaris D'ORB., Acervulina W. SCHULTZE are originated. In other instances the same attached species adopts a more regular growth, such as Truncatulina lohatula WALK, or the ty- pical Plan, farcta FIGHT, and MOLL., and when it passes its life in a free condition, its shape may be more or less nautiloid. It may for this reason be proper to arrange Planorb. vulgaris as a variety under Plan, farcta and take Plan, lobatula as quite synonymous with the typical farcta, maintaining the latter name for the species, notwithstanding the priority of lobatula. I Q K. Sv. Vol. Akaii. Hand!. Brt. 19. N:o 4 98 GOES, RETICULAKIAN RHIZOPODA OK THE CARIBBEAN SEA. A second species, but rather too closely allied to farcta to claim the rank of species, would be Plan, tuberosa FICHT. and MOLL., seemingly identical with Rosalina ammonoides Rss., Plan, angulata v. HAGEN, Plan, coronata PARK, and JONES. Many forms belonging to this group (Anornalina D'()RB.) may after a closer examination be recognised as the detached form of Plan, farcta, as is also suggested by Mr. CARPENTER (Introd. p. 208). Planorbulina Ariminensis D'()RB. is too closely allied both to Plan, tii- berosa and farcta to be distinguished as a species. Plan. Ungeriana n'ORB. which cannot be distinguished from Plan. Haidingeri, and oth., would be a third species. It has a more finished structure and is provided with finer pore-canals. A fourth species is Plan, reticulata. GZJZ. Plan, farcta ft vulgaris does not attain any larger size either on the coralline- or chalk-bottom; its pigmy form is not unfrequent. The early chambers have generally a reddish or orange tint. Fig. 226: the developed form of Plan, farcta vulgaris; nearly of the same habitus as Planorb. larvata PARK, and JONES, with a narrow mouth on each of the outer chambers. Fig. 227: pigmy form. For the synonymy see under the preceding. Planorbulina tuberosa FICHT. and MOLL. var. Ariminensis ^ ORB. Tab. VII, iigg. 228233. It may be more consistent with natural affinity to rank this variety with Plan, farcta. But if Plan, tuberosa is to comprise the principal forms of the nautiloid and subnautiloid Planorbulina, this variety would be the first to take a place under this species on account of its decided and completely nautiloid plan of growth. Our form is often rough or wrinkled, with somewhat raised and sinuous septal lines and a trun- cated or even grooved margin, the edges of which are often crenulate or spinous (figg. 228230). Another form is smoother and has not a squared margin but is single-edged (figg. 231 233). It comes near to Anomal. rotula D'OKB. The variety Ariminensis has generally a greater number of chambers in each con- volution (7 10) than Plan, farcta. Its close affinity to this is shown by its coarse pores and the yellowish or reddish tint of its early chambers. It is very common in the chalk-ooze, but its diameter is seldom greater than 0,5 mm. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEM1ENS HANDLINOAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 99 a) t u 1) i; r o s ii s i v e a m m o n o i d e s : Syii. Botalina cryptomphala Rss., 1849, Neue For. Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 371, t. 47, fig. 2. '> EOGER, 1857, Miot. Orteiiburg; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1857, p. 277, t. 9, tigg. 46. Rosalina inflata Rss., 1862 : Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz-Ber. 1. 46, p. 87, t. 11, tig. 6. simplex D'ORU., 1846, For. tert. Yienue p. 178, t. 10, figg. 25 27. EGGEH, 1857, Miociin. v. Ortenburg; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1857, p. 278, t. 10, figg. 46. Truncatulina granosa, Pulv. similis HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 74. 78, t. 10, tigg. 2, 5. Rotalina depressa ALTII, 1849, Urageb. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 3. 2, p. 266, t. 13, tig. 21. Anomalina rotula D'ORB., 1846, Bass. tert. Vienne, p. 172, t. 10, tigg. 10 12 (ab Anom. austriaca vix diversa). subsequalis Rss., 1865, Tert. Sch. uordl. it. mittl. -Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 244, t. 5, fig. 59. complanata COSTA, 1854, Palieont. Nap. 2, t. 20, tig. 16. Rss., 1850, Kreidemerg. Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. i, p. 36, t. 3, fig. 3. Rosalina complanata Rss., 1862, Nordd. llils u. Ganlt; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 86, t. 11, tig. 3. Anomalina tenuissima Rss., 1855, Tert. Schieht. uordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 244, t. 5, tig. 60. Truncatulina tenuissima Rss., 1861, Kreidetuff. Maastr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 317, t. 3, tig. 2. Truncatulina costata HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 73, t. 9, fig. 2 (in Planorb. ariminensem vergens). Nautilus tuberosus FIGHT, et MOLL., 1803, Test. micr. p. Ill, t. 20, figg. g- k. Rosalina ammonoides Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 36, t. 8, fig. 53; t. 13, fig. 66. , Rss., 1850, Kreidem. Lemberg; Haid. nat. Abh. 4. 1, p. 36, t. 3, fig. 2. Truncatulina Stella, insequalis KAKR., 1868, Mioc. Kostej.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 182, t. 4, tig 1314. Planorbulina angulata v. HAGEN., 1842, Riigen. Kreide; Leonh. u. Bronn. .Tlirb. 1842, p. 571, t. 9, tig. 23. Rotalina constricta v. HAGEN, ibid.: Rss., 1861, Kreide v. Riigen; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p, 329, t. 6, fig. 7, t. 7, tig.' 1. Rosalina moniliformis Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide. 2, p. 36, t. 12, tig. 30, t. 13, fig. 67. Anomalina Svessi KARR., 1861, Marin. Teg. Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 447, t. 2, fig. 2. Rosalina Kochi Rss., 1855, Kreidegeb. Meklenburg; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 274, t. 9, fig. 3. Weinkauffl Rss., 1863, Sept. Thon Kreuznach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 68, t. 8, fig. 97.' Truncat. Rss., 1866, dent. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 25, p. 160. Rotalia capitata, Rosalina rudis GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 653, 657, t. 2, figg. 92, 99. b) in Planorb. farctam vergens (a qua vix distinguenda): Anomalina punctulata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 282, t. i5, figg. 1 3 bis. Rosalina Lorneiana D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris.; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. 4, p. 36, t. 3, figg. 20 -22. 100 GOES, THE KETICULAKIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Truncatulina grosserugosa GUMB., 1868, Nordaip. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. z, p. 660, t. 2, tig. 104. HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 74, t. 9, fig. 6. Anomalina polymorpha COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 252, t. 22, figg. 7 9. badenensis, austriaca I/ORB., 1846, Bas. tert. Vienna, p. 171, 172, t. 10, figg. 1 9. c) c o r o n a t a : n a u t i 1 o i d e a , t u m i d a : Anomalina coronata PARKER et JONES, 1858, For. Coast, of Norway; A. M. N. H. (2) 19, p. 294, t. 10, figg. 1516. PARKER et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oceans; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 383, t. 14, figg. 711. BRADY, 1864, Ehizop. Shetl.; Trans. Lin. Soc. 24, p. 469, t. 48, fig. 13. Rotalia cochleata GUMB., 1868, Nordaip. Eoc. ; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. 1,10.2, p. 654, t. 2, fig. 94. Truncatulina cristata GUMB., ibid. p. 660, t 2, fig. 105. Bosaliua Calymene GUMB., ibid. p. 658, t. 2, fig. 100. fasciata, maorica, latifrons STACHE, 1865, tert. Mergel. Whainjjar. Haf.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 282, 284, t. 24, figg. 3133. Rotalia speciosa KARR., 1864, Leythakalk; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 709, t. 2, fig. 12. nonionina Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 81, t. 10, fig. 2. d) Ariminensis: nautiloidea, compressa: Planulina Ariminensis D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. So. Nat. 7, p. 280, t. 14, figg. 13 bis. Mod. 49. Soldanii D'OKB., ibid. p. 280. ? Osnabriigensis BOM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeress.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 390, t. 3, fig. 58. Rosalina Osnabrugensis Rss. 1855, Tert. Sch. nordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 243, t. 5, fig. 58. Truncatulina compressa HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab Sch. p. 72, t. 8, fig. 8. u osnabr. HKEN., ibid. p. 73, t. 9, fig. 4. Planorfoulina Ungeriana D'ORB. Tab. VII, figg. 234236. Our form has the more distended shape of Plan. Haidim/eri D'ORB. but in all other respects it falls in with Plan. Ungeriana of the same author. Sometimes it approaches the subnautiloid form, but its most common shape is that of a bi- or plano-convex, somewhat thick, lens with a blunt edge and rotaline arranged chambers. It plainly exhibits the very vague and faint distinction between the i>Anomaline and Planorbuline types. Sometimes the shell is quite conical the aboral face being flat, the other raised conically. The central bosses are often granulated, not seldom spread- ing over a great portion of the shell around the centre and hiding the convolutions and septal lines, which often are somewhat raised (limbate). At another times the bosses are reduced to small specks of clear shell-substance. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADKM1ENS HANDLIKGAK. BAND. 19. N:0 4. 101 The pores of the adult are finer and closer set than in Plan, farcta; in young specimens the pores are of variable she, often coars and scattered. The surface is of high finish without being quite polished. It is one of the most common rhizopodes in deep water, both in the cretaceous ooze and on the coralline-gravel, attaining a horizontal diameter of 1,5 mm. Fig. 234: the aboral side of Plan. Ungeriana with large and somewhat granulated central boss. Fig. 235: side view. Fig. 236: the apertural side with defectively grown umbilical boss. a) m a g i s convexa: Syn. Botalina Haidingeri D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 154, t. 8, figg. 79. rosea D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 272; Mod. 35. D'OKB., 1839, Cuba p. 72, t. 3, figg. 911. ? Ehrenbergii BAILEY, 1850, Examin. of Soundings; Smithson. Contrib. of knowledge 2, Art. 3, p. 10, figg. 1113. Planorb. Haidingeri BRADY, 1864, Ehizopod. Shetl.; Trans. Lin. Soc. 24, p. 469, t. 48, fig. 11. farcta var. Haidingeri PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.: Phil. Transacf. 155. i, p. 382, t. 16, fig. 22. Haidingeri PARK, et JONES, 1866, Crag. Forarof'.; Palseont. Soc. 19, t. 4, fig. 18. Botalina lenticula Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 35, t. 12, fig. 17. grata Ess., 1865, deutsch. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. i, p. 163, t. 4, fig. 17. i) Dutemplei EGGEH, 1857, Llioc. Ortenburg; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1857, p. 274, t. 7, fig. 810. orthorapha EGG., ibid. p. 275, t. 10, figg. 1 3. discigera, anomphala EGG., ibid. p. 275, t. 8, figg. 5 10. propinqua EGG., ibid. p. 275, t. 7, figg. 14 17. Kalembergensis EGG., ibid. p. 273, t. 9, figg. 21 23. Truncat. kallomphalia GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 659, t. 2, fig. 102. Botalia eocsena GUMB., ibid. p. 650, t. 2, fig. 87. pteromphala, megomphala GIMB., ibid. p. 651, 655; t. 2, fig. 88, t. 2, fig. 94 bis. truncana GUMB., ibid. p. 653, , t. 2, fig. 93 (in b) transiens). Bosalina subumbonata GUMB., ibid. p. 657, t. 2, fig. 98. Botalina Akneriana var. BORNESI., 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorf; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 340, t. 16, fig. 7. Ungeriana var. BORNEM., ibid. p. 341, t. 16, fig. 5. PTruncat. propinqua Ess., 1855, Tert. Sch. nordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 241, t. 4, fig. 53. ? HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 71, t. 8, fig. 9. Pulvinulina Haidingeri HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 77, t. 15, fig. 10. umbilicata HKEN., ibid. t. 15, fig. 9. Botalia peraffinis COSTA, 1855, Pal. Nap. 2. t. 22, fig. 17. Briickneri Ess., 1855, Kreidegeb. Meklenburg; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 273, t. 9, fig. 7. hemisphserica Ess., 1861, KreidetufT Maastricht; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 314, t. 2, fig. 5. 102 GOES, RETICULARIAN RRIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. PRotalia prsecincta tenuimargo franconica semipunctata ? Siemensis ? Rosalina Clemen tiana Rotalina scutellaris Voltziana KAKR., 1868, Mioc. For. fauna Kostej; Wien. Ak. SiU.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 189, t. 5, tig. 7 (Pulv. elegant! similis). Rss., 1866, Crag. Antwerp.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 42, p. 359, t. 1, tig. 11. GUMB., 1862, Streitb. Schwamral.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Ver. .Ihrhft. 1862, p. 229, t. 4, tig. 9 (in b) transiens). BAIL., 1850, Researches on the, Virg. fort'.; Smithson. Contrib. 1850. 2, Art. 3, p. 11, tigg. 17 19 (in b) tvansiens). D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 275. n'ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. France 4, p. 37, t. 3, tigg. 23 25 (= Plauorb. tuberosa sec. PARK, et JONES). KARR., 1864, Leythakalk Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1 50, p. 709, t. 2, fig. 13. D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. France 4. p. 31, t. 2, figg. 3234. b) raagis eompressa, interdum carinata (ab a 11011 distineta): Rotalina Ungeriana D'ORB., 1846, For. Bas. tert. Vieime, p. 157, t. 8, tigg. 16 18. Planorb. farcta var. Ungeriana PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Ocean; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 382, t. 16, figg. 2325; PL Culter t. 19, fig. 1. PARK, et JONES, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, t. 2, figg. 11 12. HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 72, t. 8, fig. 7. BRADY, 1864, Rhizop. Shell.; Trans. Lin. Soc. 24, p. 469, t. 48, fig. 12. Rss., 1861, Griinsand N. Yersey; Wien. Ak. Sii.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 337, t. 8, fig. 1 (ab a) non distineta). Rss., 1861, Kreidetuff Maastricht.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 313, t. 2, tig. Itss., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 75, t. 5, fig. 36. Rss., 1859, Westph. Kreide; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 221, t. 11, tig. 5. Rss., 1855, Tert. Schieht. nordl. u. raittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 240, t. 4, figg. 52. Rss., 1861, Kreidetuff Maastricht; Wien. Ak. Sit/.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 313, t. 2, fig- 4. Rss., 1855, Tert. Schieht. n. u. m. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 243, t. 5, fig. 57. Ungeriana Truncat. Ungeriana Planorb. Ungeriana Rotalia Mortoni <> tuberculifera granosa umbonella Romeri involuta var. Rosalina crenata c) convexo-plana (forsan adnata) in Planorb. tuberosam et farctam FICHT & MOLL. transient: Anomalina Wtillerstorfl SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar-Nikobar; Nov. Reise, geol. Th. 2, 2, p. 258, t. 7, figg. 105107. Rosalina Schlonbachi Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 84, t. 10, tig. 5, t. 11, fig. 5. Kalembergensis D'ORB., 1846, For. Bass. tert. Vienne, p. 151, t. 7, figg. 19 21. Akneriana, Dutemplei D'ORB., 1826, ibid. p. 156, 157, t. 8, figg. 1315, 1921. lenticula Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 82, t. 10, fig. 3. affinis Cm., 1847, Foss. for. Wien. Beck.; Haid. nat. Abh. 2. 1, p. 144, t. 12. figg. 3638. Rotalina involuta, polyrraphes Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreidef. 1, p. 35, t. 12, figg. 18; 1850, Kreide- mergel Lemberg; Haid. Nat. Abh. 4. ], p. 35, t. 2, fig. 14; t. 3, fig- I- Truncat. cryptomphala HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 73, t. 9, fig. 1. ? insignis Rss., 1869, Oligocan. v. Gaas; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 59, p. 461, t. 2. fig. 2. KONGL. SV. VKT. AKADKMIKNS HANDLINGAK. BAND. 19. NIC) 4. 103 Syn. Truncat. varians Bss. 1860, For. Crag. v. Antwerp.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 42, p. 359, t. 2, fig. 12. lucida Rss., 1865, Deutsch. Septarienthon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. i, p. 160, t. 4, tip-. 15. Dutemplei Rss., ibid. p. 160, t. 4, fig. 16. HKE., 1875, For. ('lav. Szab. Schichten p. 157, t. 8, figg. 19 21.. tenella Rss., 1864, Oberoligocan.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.50, p. 477, t. 5, fig. 6. Rosalina patella EGGER, 1857, Mioc. Ortenb.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1857, p. 278, t. 10, fisg. 1214. Planorbulina Ungeriana var. affix a n. Tub. Ml, figg. 237241. Notwithstanding its liner pores ;md its other deviation from the type, the texture, surface of the shell arid the arrangement of the chambers, this form bear too close an affinity to Plan. Ungeriana not to be ranged under this species. Its upper side is often scooped out in an irregular manner, and the much flattened shell is somewhat undulated with irregular sinuous edges, indicating an attached life. The central boss on this side is sometimes wanting, but never on the opposite (apertural) side. It is not very common in the coralline-gravel. Fig. 237: represents a transverse section near the attached side. Fig. 238: edge view of the same specimen. Fig. 239: another specimen; its upper hollowed out side. Fig. 240: the edge view,, showing the shell as if bent in its diameter, the upper side being concave, the apertural side convex. Fig. 241: the apertural side. Planorbulina reticulata Czjz. Tab. VII, figg. 242244. This remarkable species Avas first described in 1847 as occuring in the tertiary strata of Austria by CZJ/EK. Its close affinity to the genus Planorbulina has been as- serted by Messrs PARKER and JONES. One side is generally smooth the other wrinkled or coarsely striated. The pores are coarse and often stand closer together at the central part of the shell. Its broad marginal keel is transversely costated and seems to be a constant appendage. Some pigmy forms have their chambers arranged in a very imperfect coil; the primordial chamber not being placed in the centre. It occurs not uncommonly both in the chalk-ooze and in the coralline-gravel. Fig. 242: the striated side. Fig. 243 : a younger specimen seen in transmitted light. Fig. 244: pigmy form in transmitted light, magnified. Syn. Rotalina reticulata Czjz., 1847, For. foss. Wien. Beck.; Haid. Nat. Abh. 2. 1, p. 145, t. 13, figg. 7-9. Siphonina fimbriata Rss., 1849, Ncue for. osterr. tert. Becken; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 372, t. 47, fig. 6. puteolana COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap., t. 27, fig. 22. 104 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Tinoporus vesicularis PARK, and JONES. Tab. VII, tigg. 245247. Our form with its much flattened shape, and the form and arrangement of its chambers suggests at once its affinity to Planorbulina ; an affinity almost too close to afford sufficient, reason for a generic distinction. The surface is somewhat foveolate- reticulated with faintly marked septal lines, and of a light-brown colour. A remar- kable feature is the slight differentiation of the chambers in the median plane, which are somewhat larger than those of the other layers, this arrangement in some degree approaching the structure of Orbitoides. It is not common on the coralline-gravel. Fig. 245: Tinoporus vesicularis with its areolated surface. Fig. 246: a vertical section in the median plane. Fig. 247: Section through or near the horizontal middle-plane. Svn. Orbitulina vesicularis, congesta, Isevis PARK, et JONES, 1863, Nomenclature LAMARCK ; A. M. N. H. (3) 5, p. 285, et sequ. Tinoporus Isevis CARPENTER, 1862, Introd,, p. 224, t. 15, figg. 1 4. BRADY, 1864, Rhizop. Shetland; Trans. Lin. Soc. 24, p. 470, t. 48, rig. 17. Pullenia sphseroides D'()RB. Tab. VIII, figg. 248250. This little thickwalled, highly polished, milkwhite rhizopode attains seldom a a greater diameter than 0,50 mm. Its shape is often subglobose, but somewhat com- pressed forms also occur. It is frequently somewhat unsymmetrical; the aperture being placed somewhat to one side. The form called Pullenia obliqueloculata, PAKK. and JONES is such a variety with a more conspicuous lack of symmetry. It is not uncommon in the coralline-gravel. Fig. 248 249: the compressed form of Pullenia sphcuroides. Fig. 250: nearly globose, with slightly unsymmetrical whorls. Syn. Nonion. sphseroides U'ORB., 1820, Tabl. Meth. ; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 293, N:o 1, Mod. 33. bulloides D'ORB., 1846, For. foss. tert. Vienne, p. 107, t. 5, figg. 910. var. COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 17, fig. 13. BOKNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorf; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 339, t. 16, tigg. 13. PAKK. et JONES, 1859, For. Coast, of Norway; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 19, p. 287, t. 11, figg. 910. Pullenia sphseroides PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 15. 1, p. 368, t. 14, lig. 43, t. 17, fig. 53. <> PARK, et JONES, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, t. 2, figg. 3132, CARPENTER, 1862, Introd. p. 184, t. 12, fig. 12. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEM1ENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 105 Syn. Pullenia bulloides HKEX., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 59, t. 10, fig. 9. obliqueloculata PARK, and JONES, 1865, Arct. and Northatl. Ocean; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, t 19, fig. 4. b) magis corapressa: Nonion. quaternaria Hss., 1850, Kreiclemerg. Lemberg; Haid. nat. Abh. 4. 1, p. 34, t. 2, fig. 13. quinqueloba Rss., 1851, Sept. Thon v. Berlin; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 72> t. 5, fig. 31. Pullenia compressiuscula p quadriloba Rss., 1867, Steinsalzablager. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.- Ber. 1. 55, p. 87. t. 3, fig. 8. Discorbina rosacea D'ORB. Tab. VIII, figg. 251257. Our form is generally of pigmy size; it comes near to Asterigerina planorbis . and EGGER (from the tertiary strata) and is also nearly identical in shape with Ros. Auberii D'OKB. from the West Indies. Its most striking feature is its semilunar, long chambers, and their restricted number in each convolution. It has a yellowish hue in transmitted light. The scantiness of our supply of Discorbina? and the uncritical method of specific distinction and representation of the forms adopted by the different authors make us unable to make a satisfactory disposition of the forms in their natural places, not- withstanding the very sagacious hints in regard to this matter given by Messrs. PARKER and JONES. The difference between Discorb. rosacea and valvulata is very slight. It is not uncommon, but always in a pigmy-state, (0,25 mm.) in the chalk-ooze. Figg. 251 253; Discorbina rosacea; 251 b: the same more enlarged, in trans- mitted light. Figg. 254 255: another specimen, spiral and apertural sides. Figg. 251) 257: young small specimens; it has sometimes a clouded appearance in transmitted light. Syn. Rotalia rosacea D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 273, N:o 15, Mod. 39. Discorbina turbo var rosacea PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Transact. 155. 1, p. 385, t. 16, fig. 28. rosacea PARK, et JONES, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, t. 4, fig. 17. Rotalia Mamilla, ochracea WILLIAMS.. 1858, Brit. rec. forf. p. 54, 55, figg. 109 113. Asterigerina planorbis D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 205, t. 11, figg. 1 3. EGGEB, 1857, Mioc. Ortenburg; Lconh. u. Broun. Jhrb. 1857, p. 281, t. 11, figg. 8 -10. Rosalina Auberii D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 94, t. 4, figg. 5 8. Truncat. flos KARR., 1868, Mioc. For. faun. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 182, t. 4, fig. 15. K. ST. Vet.-Akad. Handl. Bd. 19. N:o 4. 14 106 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. PDiscorbina baconica, elegans HKEN., 1875, Clav. Sz;ib. Scli. p. 76, t. 10, fig. 3, t. 9, fig. 3, t. 15, fig. 7. eximia HKEN., ibid. p. 76, t. 15, fig. 8. Discorbina turbo D'ORB. et multse alise trochiforraes auctorum a rosacea forsan nou aunt, distincta;. Discorbina valvulata Tab. VIII, figg. 258261. Although this form has been placed as a variety under Discorb. vesicularis LMCK, by Messrs PARKER and JONES, it may be proper to distinguish it as a species in virtue of its peculiarly formed shell. It is identical with Rosalind Binkhorsti Rss. from the Maestrich-chalk, and is remarkable for the fewness and the large size of its chambers, its hollowed apertural side, which is of simpler structure than usually, not being com- plicated with additional asterigerine flaps, having no more than a narrow valvular strip on the upper margin of the aperture. It attains a pretty good size, occurring only in the coralline-gravel. Figg. 258 259: the spiral side. Fig. 260: apertural side. Fig. 261: edge-view. Syn. Bosalina valvulata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. raeth. Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 271. D'OKB., 1839 Cuba p. 96, t. 3, figg. 2123. Binkhorsti Rss., 1861, Kreidetuff Maastricht; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p 317, t, 2, fig. 3. PRotalina patella Ess., 1849, Neue For. Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 371, t. 46, fig. 3 (an D. Berthelotiana). Discorb. stellata, squamula Rss., 1867, Steinsalzablag. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.55, p. 101, t. 5, figg. 1 2 (an P. rosacea). Discorbina bulloides D'ORB. Tab. VIII, fig. 262263. I am not able to find any satisfactory reason for a generic nay even for specific distinction between Discorbina rosacea and this form, which has been referred to the genus Cymbalopora (Hagenow) by Messrs PARKER, JONES and CAKPENTER, This however seems to have very small affinity to our form - - if any at all. (See also SCHWAGER in Butchlis' Klassen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs 1881, p. 256.) Prof. MOEBIUS has carried the separation from its natural relations still further by assigning it a place in a new genus, Tretomphalus ; (Meeresfauna Mauritius und Sey- chellen; foramf. p. 98, t. 10, figg. 69). The pores of various sizes on the last seg- ment should not be regarded as a mark of generic nor of specific distinction. If this globular chamber is detached, the rest will hardly be distinguished from D. rosacea. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N!O 4. 107 From Discorbina globigerinoides PARK, and JONES it may be difficult to keep our form distinct. (Phil, trans. 155. 1, t. 1U, fig. 7). Fig. 262: Discorbina (Rosalina) bulloides r>'ORB. Fig. 263 b: The same more magnified. Fig. 263: side-view. Syn. Rosalina bulloides D()RB., 1839, Cuba p. 98, t. 3, figg. 2 5. Cymbalopora bulloides CARPEXT., Introd. 1862, p. 216. Tretomphalus bulloides MOB., 1880, Meeresfaun. Maurit. u. Seych. p. 98, t. 10, figg. 6 9. Discorbina Poeyi D'ORB. Tab. VIII, tigg. 264265. This remarkable form seems just as little entitled to generic distinction from Discorbina as the preceding. It is densely covered with ribs or knobs on its spire-side, the apertural face being more scarce provided but with somewhat larger tubercles. It is more seldom met with on the chalk-bottom. According to Mr. D'()RBIGNY who found his specimens in great abundance among sea-weed, its true home seems to be in the littoral zone. Fig. 264: apertural side. Fio'. 265: side-view. Syn. Rosalina Poeyi D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 92, t. 3, figg. 18 20. squamosa U'ORB., ibid. p. 91, t. 3, figg. 12 14. Cymbolopora Poeyi CARPENT., Introd. p. 215; MOEB., Maurit. et Seych. p. 97, t. 10, figg. 1 5. Rosalina granulosa KARK., 1864, Leythakalk Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. so, p. 710, t. 2, fig. 14. Discorbina BertheLotiana D'ORB. Tab. VIII, figg. 266268. This tiny species may be a pigmy only to a more developed form. It is extre- mely thin, quite hyaline with very small and closely set pores. It is devoid of that yellowish tint, so common with this genus. The shape is sometimes flat and scale- like but often convex on the upper side: the hollowed apertural side with its promi- nent riblike septal sutures are its most conspicuous characteristic. Sometimes those ribs are sunken in septal furrows between the somewhat bulged chamberwalls. It is the fineness of the pores only which seems to distinguish this form from some Planorbnlina; f. instance. Planorb. Bosqueti Rss. (from Maestrich-chalk) being nearly isomorphous with this species. 108 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. In Microgeology by EHHENBEKG t. 35, B, fig. 7 there is represented a young form called Spiropleurites nebulosus, which probably belongs to this species. From Discorb. valvulata it differs only in closer and finer poration, not yellowish shell and its pigmy size. Fig. 266: spire-side. Fig. 267: side-view; 268: apertural side. Syn. Bosalina Berthelotiana D'ORB., 1844, Hist, iles Canaries for., p. 135, t. 1, figg. 28 30. Discorbina Bertheloti BRADY, 1864, Rhizop. Shetl.; Trans. Lin. Soc. 24, p. 469, t. 48, fig. 10. Parisiensis var. Berthelotiana PAKK. et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc. : Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 387, t. 16, figg. 26 27. pRosalina concava Ess., 1854, Kreide. Ostalpen; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 7, p. 70, t. 26, fig. 3. Discorbina vesicularis LMK. var. elegans D'ORB. Tab. VIII, figg. 269271. On the authority of Messrs PARKER and JONES we consider this form as identical with Rosalina cornplanata D'ORB. (For. Bass. tert. Vienne p. 176, t. 10, figg. 13 15) notwithstanding this, as also Ros. complanata Rss. (Neue For. osterreich. tert. Beck.; Wien. Akad. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 373, t. 47, fig. 5) has its spire less invested by the last convolution. Our form is remarkable for the great symmetry of both its sides, which are hardly distinguishable from each another; both being provided with a deep and narrow umbilicus. The aperturale fissure is very inconspicuous. The valve or astral lobes are represented by 2 or 3 small scalelike outgrowths partly covering the open- ing of the umbilicus; the shell surface is somewhat polished. Where is not for the yellowish tint of the shell-substance in transmitted light and for the characteristic size and disposition of the pore-canals one would hardly be able to recognize this form as a Discorbina, but would rather refer it to Planorbulina. It is not common in the chalk-ooze, and is always found in a pigmy state. Fig. 269: spire-side. Fig. 270: side-view. Fig. 271: apertural-side. Syn. Anomalina elegans D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth., Aun. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 282; Mod. N:o 42. Spirillina vivipara EHRENB. Tab. VII, fig. 272. The pores of this very simple rhizopode are variable in closeness of arrangement. Fullgrown specimens have them pretty close and of the same size as Planorbulina Ungeriana. Very small ones are not easily distinguishable from young Trochammin* iricertae. It is very common; particularly in the chalk-ooze, seldom attaining in diameter more than 0,20 mm. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAK. BAND. 19. N:0 4. 109 Syn. Spirillina vivipara EHRENB., 1841, Verbreit. u. Einfluss des mikroskopischen Lebens in Siid- u. Nord-Amerika; Berl. Kon. Wiss. Akad. Abhandl. 1841, t. 3, fig. 41; ibid. 1847, t. 2, fig. 82. Cornuspira perforata M. SCHULTZE, 1854, Organ. Polythalam. p. 41, t. 2, fig. 22. Spirillina vivipara WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. For. p. 92, fig. 202. Spirillina PARK, et JONES, 1851; An. Mag. Nat. Hist. 19, p. 12, t. 11, fig. 46. )> PAKK. et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Transact. 155. 1, p. 397, t. 15, fig. 28. PARK, et JONES, 1866, Crag, foramf.; Pal. Soc. 19, t. 3, figg. 2022. PCyclolina impressa EGGER, 1857, Mioc. Ortenburg; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1857, p. 304, t. 8, figg. 78. ? Spirillina polygyrata, Ptenuissima GVMB., 1862. Streitenb. Schwammlag.; Wiirterab. Nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 1862, p. 214, t. 4, figg. 1112. margaritifera WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. Forainf. p. 93, fig. 204. Appendix. Spirillina insequalis BRADY, 1879, Notes on retic. Rhiz.; Quart. Journ. micr. Sc. p. 278, t. 8, figg. 25, a, b. limbata BRADY, ibid. p. 278, t. 8, figg. 26, a, b. obconica BRADY, ibid. p. 279, t. 8, figg. 27, a, b. tuberculata BRADY, ibid. p. 279, t. 8. figg. 28, a, b. Pulvinulina auricula FICHT. and MOLL. Tab. VIII, figg. 273275. This handsome, generally hyaline, species resembles very much Nodosarina crepi- dula. Although it seems to be one of the best defined species in the whole class, still intermediate forms are found with a nearly round, rotaline shape (as for instance Rot. Hauerii D'()RB. from the tertiary strata at Vienna). It is not uncommon both in the coralline-gravel and in the chalk-ooze, but at- tains a higher development in the former. For clearing up the intricate synonymy of this genus we are indebted to Messrs PARKERS' and JONES' elaborate and careful inquiries, recorded in their lucid and admi- rable treatises 0n foramf. from North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans 1865, and 0n the foramf. of the Family Rotalina; (CARPENTER) found in the cretaceous formations etc. in Qu. Journ. geol. Soc. 1872. 28, p. 103. Eig. 273: frontal view; Fig. 274: spire-side. Fig. 275: pigmy, broad form. Syn. Nautilus Auricula FICHT. et MOLL., 1803, Test. micr. p. 108, t. 20, figg. a f. Valvulina oblonga D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries p. 136, t. 1, figg. 40 42. excavata D'ORB., ibid. p. 137, t. 1, figg. 43 -45. Rotalina oblonga WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. forf. p. 51, figg. 98100. 110 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. Valvulina auris, inaequalis n'ORB., 1845, Voy. Amer. merid. 5. 5, t. 2, figg. 15 17; t. 7, tigg. 1012. Rotalina scaphoidea llss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 372, t. 47, tig. 3. deformis, Sagra D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 77, t. 5, figg. 13 15. Pulv. auricula PARK, et JONES, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, t. 2, figg. 3335. Valvulina cordiformis COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 262, t. 21, fig. 10. Pulv. cordiformis Rss., 1867, Steinsalzablag. VVieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 103, t. 5, fig. 3. Botalia cristellarioides Rss., 1863, For. Crag. d'Anvers; Bull. Ac. Belg. (2), 15, p. 154, t. 3, figg. 44. contraria Rss., 1851, Sepf. Thou. v. Berlin; Xtschr. deutsoh. geol. Ges. 3, p. 76, t. 5, fig. 37. Brongniartii D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. Meth.; Ann. Se. Nat. 7, p. 273. D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 158, t. 8, figg. 22 24 (valde porosa quasi Planorbulina fere). EGGER, 1857, Mioc. Ortenb.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1857, p. 274, t. 7, ngg- 57. Hauerii D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienue, p. 151, t. 7, tigg. 22 24 (minus oblonga). Discorb. inaequalis MOB., 1880, Beitr. /. Meeresfaun. Mauritius u. Seychell. p. 97, t. 9, fig. 19. Pulvinulina repanda FICHT. and MOLL. Tab. VIII, figg. 276282. Our form comes next to Rotalina caribcea D'ORB. or Rot. pulchdla D'ORB. Its shape is generally inflated biconvex, but the younger speccimens are often planoconvex or subconical with the spiral side quite flat. It is sometimes slightly marginated. It has been found in the coralline-gravel only, attaining a diameter of 1,5 mm. Figg. 276 277: the apertural-side and the edge-side of Pulv. repanda FICHT. and MOLL. Fig. 278: spiral-side, nearly flat, of a younger individual. Fig. 279: a transverse section near the horizontal, median plane. Fig. 280: section near the spiral side of a very young specimer. Fig. 281: the side-view of the same. Fig. 282: side-view of another young specimen, nearly biconvex. Syu. Nautilus repandus FICHT. et MOLL., 1803, Test. micr. p. 35, t. 3, figg. a d. sinuatus FICHT. et MOLL., ibid. p. 65, t. 10, figg. a d. Pulvin. repanda PARK, et JONES, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, t. 2, figg. 22 24. ? Bosalina Mediterranensis D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 271, N:o 2. Botalia communis D'ORB., ibid. p. 273, N:o 29 (an P. auricula). pulchella D'ORB., ibid. p. 274, N:o 32: Mod. N:o 71. Caribsea D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 74, t. 5, figg. 13. Pulvin. pulchella PARK, et JONES, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, t. 2, figg. 25 27. Botalina Boueana D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 152, t. 7, figg. 25 27. Pulvin. Boueana Rss., 1865, deutsoh. Sept. Thon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. i, p. 161, t. 4, fig. 14. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAK. BAND. 19. N:O 4. Ill Syn. (Nomina varia) EHRENB., 1854, Mikrogeol. t. 29, fig. 15; t. 30, fig. 28. Botalia punctulata D'OBB., 1826, Tab. Meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 273, N:o 25; Mod. No 12 (Pulvin. Schreibersi propinqua). ? antillarum D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 75, t. 5, figg. 4 6 (Pulvin. Schreibersi valde propinqua). Pulvin. repanda var. punctulata PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 394, t. 14, figg. 12 13. pygmsea HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 78, t. 10, fig. 8. afflnis HKEN., ibid. p. 78, t. 10, fig. 6. Planorb. vermieulata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. raeth., Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 280, N:o 3. Pulvin. CAKPENT., I860, Introduct. p. 211, t. 13, figg. 4 6. Pulvinulina elegans D'ORB. Tab. VIII, figg. 283285. Comes very near to Pulv. repanda, its chief characteristic being its somewhat raised or thickened septal band on the appertural side. Our form is nearly identical with Rotalina Carpenteri Rss., Gyroidina caracolla ROM., Rot. Partschiana D'OiiB. It has often a nearly hyaline, biconvex, and very symmetrical shell; often its both sides are urnbonated and then it resembles Nodosarina calcar, so that it is easily overlooked, when associated with this. It is not frequent in the coralline-gravel. Fig. 283: the apertural side. Fig. 284: cut open to show the spiral-side from underneath. Fig. 285: edge-view. Syn. Rotalia elegans D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 276, N:o 54. PARK, et JONES, I860, For. Chellast. ; Qu. Journ. geol. Soc. 16. p. 455, t. 20, fig. 46. Partschiana D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 153, t. 7, figg. 2830; t. 8, figg. 13. BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorf; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, t. 16, fig. 6. reticulata Ess., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 83. t. 10, fig. 4. Gyroidina caracolla ROM., 1841, Verstein. Nordd. Kreideg., p. 97, t. 15, fig. 22. Botalia Rss., 1862, Nordd. Hils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46, p. 84, t. 10, fig. 6. spinulifera Rss., ibid. p. 93, t. 13, figg. 3 5. .. Carpenter! Rss., ibid. p. 94, t. 13, fig. 6. Aiiomul. Bengalensis SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 259, t. 7, figg. 111. Lenticulina pachyderma et nominibus aliis EHKENB., 1854, Microgeol., t. 29, fig. 14 14; t. 31, fig. 54. Botalina stelligera Rss., 1859, Kreideg. Ostalp.; Wieu. Akad. Sitz.-Ber. 7, p. 69, t. 25, fig. 15. Berthelotiana D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries p. 130, t. 1, figg. 31 33. Pulvin. concentrica BRADY, 1865, Rhizop. Shetl.; Trans. Lin. Soc. 24, p. 470, t. 48, fig. 14. 112 GOES, RETICULARIAN KHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Pulvin. sacculata PARK, et JONES, 1876, For. English Channel; A. N. H. (4) 17, p. 284, figg. 13. Rotalina concamerata WILL., 1858, (partim) Brit. rec. foramf. p. 62, tigg. 101 103. infundibulum COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 237, t. 14, tig. 9. repanda var. elegans PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oceans.; Phil. Trans. 155, i, p. 397, t. 16, figg. 4446. badensis GZJZ., 1847, Foramf. Wien. Beck.; Haid. Nat. Abh. 2. i, p. 144, t, 13, figg. 1 3 (a Pulvin. Schreibersi D'ORB. vix diversa). Cordieriana D'ORB., 1839, Craie bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. 4, p. 33, t. 3, tigg- 911. semiglobosa Rss., 1862, Nordd. Mils u. Gault; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 46., p. 85, t. 10 flg. 7, t. 11, fig. 1 (Pulvin. Michelianne D'ORB. propinqua). flosculiformis SCHWAO., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 262, t. 7, tig. 109. Pulvin. prominens Rss., 1869, Oligociin. von (Jaas; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 59, p. 463, t. 3, fig. 2. Broeckiana BRADY, 1876, Carb. and Perm, forf.; Pal. Soc. 30, p. 140, t. 6, fig. 12 Pulvinulina elegans var. trochus ROM. Tab. VIII, figg. 286288. This form is remarkable for its strongly developed urnbo, which as a solid, highly polished, porcellaneous cupola so covers nearly the entire spiral-side, that the margina part only of the 2 or 3 latest segments are visible. On the opposite side the umbi- lical boss is very small or is absorbed in the raised septal lines or in starlike exogenous shellsubstance. It is slightly marginated. It is very common on the chalk-bottom, but much developed specimens are scarce. Fig. 286: apertural side with its starlike rays of thickened septal marks. Fig. 287 : the spire-side with its cupola. Fig. 288: edge-view. Syn. Rotalia trochus (MUNST.) ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeress.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 388, t. 3, fig. 47. ? mammillata ROM., ibid. p. 388, t. 3, fig. 48. trochus Rss., 1855, Tert. Schicht. nordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 242, t. 5, fig. 55. Pulvinulina Menardii D'ORB. Tab. VIII, figg. 289295. The more conspicuous features of this elegant rhizopode are its flatness, its broad keel, its large and few chambers and its crenulated or jagged apertural lip, which is often produced into a sort of valve. The margin of the young individuals is often laciniated. As is the case with the whole class, its vertical diameter is liable to some KONG!,. SV. VKT. AKADEMIKNS IIANDUNGAR. BAND. 19. N:0 4. 113 variation in its proportion to the horizontal one and thus distended forms sometimes present themselves somewhat diverging from the flat type. Intermediate forms between P. Menardii and repanda and also P. Micheliniana D'Ons. are occasionally met with. This species is next to Gldbigerina bulloides and universa the most common rhi- zopode in deep water and attains a diameter of 1,50 mm. and more. The most beautiful and exact delineation of this species ever given is to be found in Prof. WYWILLE TOMSONS great work The Challengcrs Exped., the Atlantic, 1, p. 218, fig. 48. Figg. 289291: the flat form of Pulv. Menardii n'ORB. Figg. 292 294: more distended form. Fig. 295 : very young. Syn. Rotalia Menardii D'ORB., 1826, Tab. raeth.; An. So. Nat. 7, p. 273, N:o 26; Mod. 10. Pulvin. repanda var. PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. At], and Arct. Oc. ; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 394, t. 16, figg. 3537. var. Menardii, subvar. pauperata PARK, et JONES, ibidem p. 395, t. 16, figg. 5051. PRotalina spinimargo Kss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wicn. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 371, t. 47, fig. 1. cultrata D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 76, t. 5, figg. 7 9. BAILEY, 1&50, Micr. Exam, of Soundings; Smiths. Contr. Knowl. 2, Art. 3, p. 11, figg. 1416. Rosalina asterites GUMB., 1868, For. nordalp. Eocan.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. 1. 10. 2, p. 658, t. 2, fig. 101. Discorb. saccharata SCIIWAG., 1866, Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 257, t. 7, fig. 106. Rotalia paupereula STACIIE, 1865, Tert. Merg. Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 277, t. 24, fig. 27. canariensis D'OIUJ., 1844, lies Canaries p. 130, t. 1, figg. 34 36. PTruncat. budensis HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Saab. Sch. p. 75, t. 8, fig. 6. Pulvin. orinacea KARR., 1868, Mioo. Fauna Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 187, t. 5, fig. 6. b) in Pulvin. Michelinianam D'ORB. transgrediens: Pulvin. repanda var. Menardii subvar. canariensis PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 395, t. 16, figg. 4749. Rotalina dubia D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 78, t. 2, figg. 2930. crassa D'ORB., 1839, For. Craie 1)1. Paris; Mem. Soe. geol. France 4, p. 32, t. 3, figg. 78. bimammata, campanella GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eoc.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. -2, p. 649650, t. 2, figg. 8586 (an Pulv. Schrcibersi var.). e) in Pulvin. repandam FicriT. et MOLL, transgrediens: Rotalina umbonata Rss., 1851, Sept. Thou Berlin.; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 75, t. 5, fig. 35. Pulvin. HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sck, p. 77, t. 9, fig. 8. formosa Rss., 1864, Oberburg; Wicn. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 23, t. 1, fig. 14; 1869, Oligoc. v, Gaas; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 59, p. 464, t. 3, fig. 1. K. Vet. Ak. Hand). Bd. lit. N:o 4. ' " 114 GOES, RETIOULARIAN RrilZOPODA OF THE CARIHBF.AN SEA. Pulvimilina Michcliniana D'ORB. Tab. VIII, figg. 296298. Our ordinary form comes close to Eotalia truncatulinoides I/ORB, from the Ca- nary Islands. Its prominent characteristics are its conical form, restricted number of chambers, deep umbilicus and deep incisions between the umbilical prolongations of the chambers. The chamberwalls are often nearly plain or so very little bent, that the flat spiral side becomes obtusely angulous. The pores are not quite as fine as in its congeners in general. It has been met with principally in the coralline-gravel, where it is common. Fig. 296 : the spiral side seen in transmitted light. Fig. 297: sideview. Fig. 298: apertural side. Syn. Rotalia Micheliniana D'ORB., 1839, For. Crai'e bl. Paris; Mem. Soc. geol. Pr. 4, p. 31, t. 3, figg. 13, nitida Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide. 1, p. 35, t. 12, figg. 8, 20, 31, t. 8, fig. 52. truncatulinoides D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries p. 132, t. 2, figg. 25 27. (Nom. varia) EHRENB., 1854, Microgeol. t. 27, figg. 48, 51, 52; t. 28, fig. 53. Pulv. repanda var. Menardii, subvar. Micheliniana PARK, et JONF.S, 18C5, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Transact. 155, p. 396, t. 14, fig. 16; t. 16, figg. 41 43. Normanni KARRER 1878, For. Luzon; Bolet. Corais. Mapa geol. Peneroplis as a variety under Orbiculina, or vice versa, as the latter may be regarded as a higher developed Peneroplis. The striated form, in no way but in this feature differing from young OrbicuUncu, are also met with, but always scanty and in a pigmy state. Orbiculina adunca is very common also in deep water, particularly its orbicula- form, which attains a diameter of 6 mm. The simple and unstriated form is more rarely met with. By examing several specimens whole and in horizontal section 1 have satisfied myself that the outer charnberwalls are perforated with veritable pores of a middle size, now pretty closely arranged and now more scattered. Figg. 304 305: quite young specimens. Figg. 306 307: peneropliforrn, unstriated Orbiculina adunca, KONGI,. SV. VET. AKADEMJENS I1ANPUNGAR. HAND. 19. N:O 4. 119 a) stviata s. costulata, simplex, compvessa (Peneroplis MONTF.), plu8 minusve nau- t i 1 o i d c a : Syn. Nautilus planatus FICIIT. et MOLL., 1803, Test. micr. p. 91, t. 16, figg. a i. Spirol. depressa n'Oiu!., 182C), Tab. moth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 287, N:o 3. Peneroplis planatus D'OHB., ibid, p. 28,5, N:o 1 ; Mod. 16. WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit, rec. Forf. p. 45, figg. 8385. CARP., 1862, Introdnct. t. 7, figg. 16, 18. b) striata simplex rotulata, crassa, apertura ramosa (Dentritina D'ORB.) aut porosa: Dendritina arbuscula n'Onn., 1826, Tabl. moth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 285. N:o 1, Mod. 21, t. 15, fig. 6 7 bis. Antillarum D'ORB., ibid. N:o 3; 1839, Cuba p. 58, t. 7, figg. 36. Hauerii, Juleana, elegans n'Oiin., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 134 135, t. 7, figg. 1 6. Peneroplis elegans D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 61, t. 7, figg. 1 2. CARP., 1862, t. 7, figg. 1315, 17, 19. c) striata, lituiformis (Spirolinites LMCK.): Nautilus arietinus BATSCH, 1791, t. 6, figg. 15 d f. (sec. PARK, et JONES); D'Onn. MOD. 48. Spirolina cylindracea (LMK.) D'Ouu., 1826, Tabl. meth ; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 286, Mod. 24. austriaca D'ORH., 1846, For. tcrt. Vienne, p. 137, t. 7, figg. 7 9. Fines' Modell. 25. longissima COSTA, 1854, Pahcont. Nap. 2, p. 225, t, 20, fig. li. Peneroplis Lauboi KARH., 1868, Mioc. For. Kostej.; Wien. Ak. Silz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 154, t. 3, fig. 8. d) Ire vis simplex: Peneroplis proteus D'(.)RB., 1839, Cuba p. 60, t. 7, figg. 7 11. dubius D'ORB., ibid. p. 62, t. 6, figg. 2122. prisca Ess., 1863, Oberburg. Steiermark; Wicn. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 23. 1, p. 9, t. 1, fig. 7. planatus var. laevigatus KAKKEK, Mioc. For. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.58, p. 153, t. 3, fig. 7. Dendritina arbuscula PARK, et JONES, BRADY, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, t. 3, figg. 48 49. Peneroplis aspergilla KAHR., 1868, Mioc. For. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 154, t. 3, fig. 9. e) cameris divisis (Orbiculina LMCK.): Nautilus aduncus FJCHT. et MOLL., 1803, Test. micr. p. 115, t. 23. angulatus, orbiculus FICIIT. et MOLL., ibid. p. 112 113, t. 21, 22. Orbic. Numismalis (LMCK.) D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. Meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 305, Mod. 20, t. 17, figg. 810. compressa, adunca I/ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 66, t. 8, figg. 4 16. CARPENTER, 1862, Introd,, t. 8, figg. 112. > Rotella I/ORB., 1846, Bass. tert. Vienne p. 142, t. 7, figg. 1314 (an L>en Beussi (BORNEM.) Hss., 1865, Deutsch. Septarienthon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. i, p. 121, t. 1, fig. 10. foliaeea PARKER et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oceans; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 408, t. 15, fig. 33. PARK, et JONES, BRADY, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 3, t. 3, figg. 5254. Operculina involvens Rss., 1849, Neue For. Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 370, t. 46, fig. 20. Cornuspira involvens Rss., 1863, Sept. Thon. Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 39, t. 1, fig. 2. HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 19, t. 1, fig. 2. oligogyra HKEN., ibid. p. 20, t. 1, fig. 10. tenuissima SCHWAG., 1863, Jnrass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. Nat. Verein. .Ihrhft. 21, p. 94, t. 2, fig. 5. ? pachygyra GUMB., 1869, Cassian u. Raibl. Schicht.; Osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Jhrb. 19, p. 178, t. 5, figg. 9-10. Operculina angigyra Rss., 1849, Neue for. osterr. tert. Beckon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 370, t. 46, fig. 19. Cornuspira polygyra Rss., 1863, Sept. Thon Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 39, t. 1, fig. 1. HKEN., ibid. p. 19, t. 1, fig. 11; t. 2, fig. 1. nummulitica GUMB., 1868, Nordalp. Eociin.; K. Bayr. Ak. Wiss. Abh. 1. 10. 2, p. 604, t. 1, fig. 5. Archimedis, elliptica STACHE, 1865, Tert. Mergel Whaingar. Hafen; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 1. 2, p. 180181, t. 22, figg. 12. KONGL. SV. VKT. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 121 Vertebralma conicoarticulata BATSCH. Tab. IX, figg. 311318. This species includes a great number of forms with such an inconstancy of cha- racters that it would be wasted time and labour, and not only so, but inconsistent with a philosophical notion of designation, to range them even as distinct varieties. It has one stout, highly developed, and one pigmy form. Its most singular form is that in which the primordial chamber is flaskformed and the subsequent chamber deve- lopes itself from the top of its neck and so on, one chamber after the other in Nodo- sarina fashion; thus its usual Miliolina formed stage is passed over altogether. The peneropliform variety, recorded by CARPENTER, we have not met with. This species is not unfrequent both in the chalk-ooze and in the coralline-gravel, and at- tains a higher development on the latter. Figg. 311 313: broad, stout forms, designed by D'()RBIGNY as Vertebr. cassis and striata; Articulina Sagra D'ORB. etc. Figg. 314 315: sections in the medial plane, exhibiting the young Milioline stage included in the succeeding flattened chamber of the Nodosarina growth. Fig. 316: pigmy form from the chalk-ooze. Fig. 317: rodformed Articulina nitida D'()RI?., a primordial highly developed chamber taking the place of the early Miliolina-stage. Fig. 317 b: the same more magnified. Fig. 318: Very young Vertebralina, about 0,11 mm. in length. a) tennis, articulata, striata: Syn. Nautilus conico-articulatus BATSCH, 1791, Sechs Kupfertafeln etc. t. 3, fig. 11 (sec. PARK, et JONES). Articulina nitida D'ORB., Tab. muth.; An. So. nnt. 7. p. 300; Mod. N:o 22. Sagra D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 183, t. 9, figg. 2326. gibbosula D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 282, t. 20, figg. 16 18. Vertebralina elongata KARR., 18G8, Mioc. For. fauna Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sit/.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 155, t. 3, fig. 10. striata var. CARPENTER, 1862, Introcl. t. 5, fig. 23. /V) tennis, articulata, Ircvis v. sublrevis: Vertebralina striata var. CARPENTER, 1862, Introd. t. 5, ligg. 19, 24. sarmatica KARR., 1877, Hochqu. Wasserleit.; Osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 376, t. 16, fig. 12. I)) magis dilatata, striata: Vertebralina striata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. m6tli. ; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 283, N:o 1; Mod. N:o 81. cassis, mucronata n'Onn., 1839, Cuba p. 51, 52, t. 7, figg. 1419.; 1846, Bass tert. Vienne p. 120, t. 21, figg. 1819. Articulina sulcata Rss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Bkschr. 1. i, p. 383 t. 49, figg. 1317. K. Sr. Vet. Akail. Hand). Bd. 19. N:o 4. 1 O 122 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Vertebralina sulcata Rss., 1863, Oberburg in Steiermark; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 23. i, p. 9, figg. 2-6. Articulina compressa Rss., 1863, Mainzer Becken; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1853, p. 673, t. 9, fig. 3. Vertebralina striata WILLIAMS., 1858, llec. Brit. For. p. 90, figg. 197198. CARPENTER, 1862, Introd. t. 5, figg. 1722, 25. PSpidostomella glotaulifera COSTA 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 27, fig. 27 (an Miliolina). Miliolina seminulum LIN. Tab. IX, figg. 319355; Tab. X, figg. 356360. As the type for this species, - - the varied forms of which have been ranged in a bewildering assemblage of species, founded even on the most trifling and inconstant differences , could properly be chosen the oblong, more or less com- pressed, usually smooth form. The relation of the length of the different dia- meters to each another is subject to an infinity of variations, whence a mass of varietal modifications originates (besides all those, resulting from different arrangement of the chambers) from produced oblong to the disciform Triloc. orbicularis ROM. The shape of the mouth is also very variable: if the last chamber is provided with a long tubi- form neck, the mouth is round with a very reduced tongue, while a flat and broad neck usually has a narrow, produced mouth with a flat, often raised tongue; the thick inflated forms have broad mouth and valvelike tongue somewhat resembling that of Mil. ring ens. It is often finely agglutiriant, and is one of the commonest rhizopodes in the chalk-ooze, particularly its pigmyforms, Triloc. oblonga MONTAG. and D'ORBIGNY. 1. Var. scapha D'ORB. This variety has a fine porcellaneous lustre and a nearly semilunar aperture. It seems in some way closely allied to Mil. ringens. It has a a lenticular, somewhat marginated shape. When the edge of an older chamber occa- sionally becomes turned outside on the flat side of the shell, its shape approaches to HtriangularisB D'ORB. Such a form has been designated as Quinqueloculina Lamarckiana D'ORBIGNY. It is common both in the coralline-gravel and the chalk-ooze. 2. Var. triangularis D'ORB. is scarcely deserving to be ranked as a distinct variety, since its features seem to be quite accidental and inconstant. It is not seldom 3 to 6 keeled or even winged as in Quinqueloculina Candeiana D'ORB. When the edges or the keels arid ridges become truncate, the form has been called Ferusaci, quadri- latera D'ORB. It is often finely agglutinated. Occurs chiefly in the coralline-gravel. 3. Var. trigonula LMCK. seems to be a more distinct form; Prof. WILLIAMSON has also ranked it as a distinct species. Our form is quite trigonal, sometimes with sharp edges and flat sides. It has a porcellaneous lustre, but its intimate shellstructure is not homogeneous, either because of some slight admixture of agglutinated particles or because of a spongious texture. It is (infrequently met with on our terrain. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADKMIKNS HANDLINGAK. HANI). 19. N:O 4. 123 4. Var. agglutinans D'ORB. We retain this name, notwithstanding it is not pro- perly applied in a group of forms through which this feature is so commonly distri- buted. It comes near to the typical form, but its aperture beiny furnished with margi- nal teeth which feature seems to be of some constancy - - there is a reason for ranking it as a distinct variety. The tongue of the mouth is generally forked. It is finely agglutinant (h. e. composed of finest chalkdebris) and attains on the chalk-bot- tom a larger size than any other of these varieties. 5. Var. pulckella D'ORB. On the experienced authority of Mr. BRADY we refer to this variety all longitudinally plicated forms of Mil. seminulum. It may be, that ihe designation of i>bicornisn WALK., should have the preference as older. Our form is not a typical pulchella, but irregularly and scantely plicated, generally longuecked and a little agglutinant. It is found very rarely in coralline-gravel. 6. Var. Brogniartii D'ORB. A finestriated Mil. seminulum, usually of the same shape as Mil. oblonya MONT. It would, no doubt, be more conformable to a natural arangement of the va- rieties of this species to assign to the striated and ribbed forms a place under their respective corresponding smooth forms; for it seems as if those varieties had origi- nated directly from each of the principal smooth ones. Nevertheless we have provi- sionnally brought together in our synoptical list of synonyms all striate and costate forms under one head. Figg. 319 320: the typical or nearly typical Mil- seminulum somewhat aggluti- nant; from the chalk-bottom. Figg. 321 329: pigmyforms and young of Mil. seminulum; from 0,07 to 0,20 mm. in length. Figg. 330 334: var. scapha D'ORB.; 330: endview; 331 : edgeview; 332: sideview; the aperture resembling that of Mil. ringens; 333 334: transverse and longitudinal sections of the same. Figg. 335 345: transitional forms to flat i>trianyulari&i> form (porcellaneous); from chalk-ooze. Figg. 346 354: carinate forms of ttriangularisfl D'ORB.; slightly agglutinant, not quite porcellaneous; from the coralline-gravel. Fig. 355: transverse section of triyonula, highly magnified; of porcellaneous lustre; from the coralline-gravel. Figg. 35(j 358, tab. X: pulchdla with few and irregular folds, slightly agglu- tinant; from the coralline-gravel. Figg. 359 360; the typical nagglutinans* D'ORB.; 360 shows the closely toothed mouthedge and the produced forked tongue. 124 GOES, UETICULAHIAN RHI/OPODA OK THE CARIBBEAN SEA. a) he vis, oblonga, intertlura tumida: Syu. Vermiculum oblongum MONTAGU, 1808, Testae. Brit. p. 522, t. 14, fig. 9. Trilocul. oblonga u'OiiB., 1826, Tabl. metli.; An. Sc. Nat 7, p. 300, Moil. 95. BOM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeress.; Lconh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 393, t. 3, fig. 70. oblonga, eburnea D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 175, 180 t. 10, figg. 35; 2123. PAIIK. et JONES, 1866, Crag. Poramf.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 7, t. 3, figg. 3132. Miliola oblonga PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. All. and Arct. Co.: Phil. Trans. 155. i, p. 411, t. 15, figg. 34, 41, t. 17, figg. 85, 86. Triloculina Chemnitziana D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries p. 141, t. 3, figg. 19 21. nitida D'ORB., ibid. p. 141, t. 3, figg. 22 24. Quinqueloc. Isevigata D'ORB., ibid. t. 3, figg. 31 33. Triloculina consobrina D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 277, t. 17, figg. 10 12. Miliolina seminulum var. oblonga WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. Forainf. p. 86, figg. 186187. Triloculina nitens, microdon Ess., 1849, Neue For. osterr. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 383, t. 49, figg. 911. carinata, angusta PHIL., 1843, Tert. Verstein. nordw. Deutschl. t. 1, figg. 36, 40. Quinqueloc. angusta Ess., 1855, Tert. Schicht. uordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 253, t. 9, fig. 90. Triloculina semulans, acutangula llss., 1864, Oberoligocan.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.50, p. 451, t. 1, figg. 56. Baibliana GUMB., 1869, St. Cassian-Raibl. Sch.; k. k. osterr. geol. lleichsaust. Jhrb. 19, p. 182, t. 6, fig. 34. Miliolina consobrina EGGEK, 1857, Mioc. Orteuburg; Leonli. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1857, p. 271, t. 6, figg. 7-9. praelonga EGG., ibid. p. 273, t. 6, figg. 16 18. PQuinqueloeul. lyra, longirostra D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. moth., Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 303, N:o 45; Mod. 8. Bosciana D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 191, t. 11, figg. 22 24. angustissima, concinna, pygmsBa, tenuis, Itss., 1849, Neue For. Wien. Beeken ; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. p. 384385, t. 49, fig. 18, t. 50, figg. 23, 8. Quinquelocul. tenuis GZJZ., 1847, For. foss. Wien. Beck.; Haid. Nat. Abh. 2. i, p. 149, t. 13. figg. 31 34. (in Spiroloculinam vergeus). Hss., 1851, Sept. Thon v. Berlin; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 87, t. 7, fig. 60. Miliolina tenuis PARK, et JONES, 1865, Arct. and Northatl. Ocean; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 411, t 17, figg. 84. Quinquelocul. gracilis KARR., 1867, For. Faun. Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 361, t. 3, fig. 2. Philippi, oblonga Ess., 1855, Tert. Schicht. uordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 252, t. 9, figg. 87, 89. Ludwigi Kss., 1865, Sept. Thon Deutschlancl; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. i, p. 126, t. 1, fig. 12. Triloc. lucida KARRER 1868, Mioc. Kostej; Wien. Ak. S. Ber. 1. 58, p. 139, t. 2, f. 7. b) ovalis et dilatata Triloculina inflata, ovalis, Quinquelocul. ovata, EOM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeressand, Leonli. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 393394, t. 3, figg. 72, 73, 78. Quinquelocul. aspera D'ORB., 1826, Tab. ineth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 301. N:o 11. Miliolina agglutinans PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 410, t. 15, fig. 37. KONGL. SV. VET. AKAUEMIENS IIANDLINGAK. 15ANI). 19. N:O 4. 125 Syn. Miliolina seminulum WILLIAM. 1858, Brit. rcc. Foraraf. p. 86, figg. 183 185. Quinquelocul. foeda Kss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dksclir. 1. 1, p. 384, t. 50 figg. 5-6. seminulum PAIIKKR et JONES, 1858, For. Coast, of Norway; A. M N. H. (2) 19 p. 300, t. 10, figg. 3436. Triloculina scapha, oculina, Quinqueloc. pauperata, Hauerina, Mayeriana, Bronniana, Akneriana u'OiiB., 1846, Bass. tert. Viciuie, p. 276, 278 etc., t. 17, figg. 49, 2227; t. 18, figg. 16, 1621. Quinquelocul. rotundata COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 26, fig. 10. Quinquelocul. transsilvaniae KAIUI., 1864, Leythakalk Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 704, t. 1, fig. 4. Triloculina moguntiaca Rss., 1853, Mainzerbeck.; Leonh. u. Broun. Jhrb. 1853, p. 672, t. 9, fig. 5. cuneata KARR., 1867, For. Faun. Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 359, t. 2, fig. 8. (var. secant i approximaus). orbicularis, rotundata ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeressand, Leouh. u. Bronn. Jlirb. 1838, p. 393, t. 3, figg. 74, 79 (var. triangular! propinqua). Rss., 1855, Tert. Sch. uordl. u. mittl. Ueutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 251, t. 8, fig. 85. vitrea KARH., 1870, Kreidef. Leitzendorf; Jhrb. k. k. osterr. geol. Reichsanst. 20, p. 167, t. 10, fig. 5. Selene KAKR., 1868, Mioc. For. faun. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 138, t. 1, fig. 12. Quinquelocul. seccans KARIIER 1878, Foram. Luzon; Bolet. Corais. Mapa geol. del Esp. 7. 2, p. 14, t. E, fig. 7. Triloculina laevissima COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 25, fig. 8. subinnata, oxilis Rss., 1869, Oligociin. v. Gaas; Wieu. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 59, p. 454, 455, t. 1, figg. 45. obotritica BOLL., Ostseeliinder p. 127, t. 2, fig. 14. Quinquelocul. Brauni, Klipsteini Rss., 1853, Maiuzet Beck.; Leonh. u. Bronu. Jhrb. 1853, p. 674, t. 9, figg. 4, 6. Triloe. anceps, Qu. lentieularis, suturalis Rss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wieu. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 383 385, t. 49, f. 11; t. 50, figg. 4, 9. Miliolina Haidingeri EGGER, 1857, Mioc. Ortenburg; Leonh. u. Broun. Jhrb. 1857, p. 272, t. 6, figg. 10-12. Quinquelocul. confusa Rss., 1863, Sept. Thon Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 42, t. 2, fig. 8 (ad triangularem adieus). a lamellidens Hss., ibid. p. 41, t. 1, fig. 7. obliqua, suturalis Rss., 1867, Steinsalzablager. Wieliczka; Wieu. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 75, 76, t. 2, figg. 67, t. 3, fig. 1. rugosa KARR., 1866. Griinsandst. Orakay Bay N. Zeelaud; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 203, t. 4, fig. 16. subrotunda PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Ocean; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 411, t. 15, fig. 38. PARK, et JONES, BEADY 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 11. dilatata I/ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 192, t. 11, figg. 2830. labiosa D'Oius., ibid. p. 178, t. 10, iigg. 1214. ft) magis inflata: seminulum PARK, et JONES, BRADY, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 9, t. 3, figg. 3536. impressa Rss., 1851, Sept. Tbon Berlin; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 87, t. 7, fig. 59. GOES, KKTIUULAUIAN HHIXOPOUA OF THE CARIBBEAN SKA Syn. Quinquelocul. sarmatica KARR., 1877, Hochijuell. Wasserluit.: k. k. osterr. geol. Reichsaust. Abli. 9, p. 875, t. 16, fig. 11. ovula KARR. 1868, Mioc. Kostej; Wieu, Ak. S. Ber. 1. 58, p. 147. t. 2, fig. 8. Isevigata BOUNEM., 1855, Sept. Thou Hcrmsdorf; Ztsclir. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 350, t. 19, fig. 5. cognata, impressa, ovalis BORNEM., ibid. p. 350, t. 19, figg. 7 9. impreasa Rss., 1865, duutsch. Sept. Tlion; Wieu. Ak. Dksclir. 1. 25. i, p. 124. regularis llss,, 1849, Neue For. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 381, t. 50, fig. 1. Triloculina Martiana O'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries p. 141, t. 3, figg. 16 18. Schreibersiana u'Ouii., 1839, Cuba p. 174, t. 9, ligg. 20 22 (in M. riugeiitem transieiis). inflata, inornata u'Oim., 1846, Bass, tei-t. Vienne, p. 278, 279, t. 17, figg. 13 18. pyrula KARR., 1862, For. Faun. Osterr.; Wieu. Ak. Sit/,.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 359, t. 2, fig. 7. . decipiens Rss., 1849, Neue For. Wieu Beck.; Wieu. Ak. Uksclir. 1. i, p. 382, t. 49, fig. 8. Adelosina laevigata I/OUB., 1826, Tab. Meth.; An. Se. Nat. 7, p. 304; For. tort. Vienne p. 302, t. 20, figg. 2224. cretacea Rss., 1850, Kreidem. Lemberg; Haid. iiat. Abh. 4. 1, p. 46, t. 4, fig. 15. Miliola cribrosa EGGKR, 1857, Miociln. v. Ortenburg; Leonli. u. Broun. Jhrb. 1857, p. 273, t. 6, figg. 1315. Sexloculina Haueri CZJH., 1847, Haid. Nat. Abh. 2, i, p. 149, t. 13, figg. 3538. PTriloculina eryptella, sphsera D'Onu., 1845, Voy. Amer. im-rid. 5. t. 9, figg. 45; t. 8, figtr. 1316. PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Aret. ()<:.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 410, t. 15, fig. 39. (an M. ringens var). truncata KARR., 1864, Leythakalk Wieu. Beck.; Wicn. Ak. Sit/,.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 704, t. 1, fig. 2. valvularis Rss., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 85, t. 7, fig. 56 (ad Mil. ringentera vergens). turgida Rss., ibid. p. 86, t. 7, fig. 58. Triloculina austriaca I/ORB., 1846, For. tort. Vienne p. 275, t. 16, figg. 2527 (ad Mil. ringentem vergens). Miliola austriaca EGGER, 1857, Mioc. Ortenb.; Leouh. u. Bronu. Jhrb. 1857, p. 271, t. 6, figg. 46. Triloculina trigonula var. Rss., 1864, Oberburg, Steiermark; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 23. 1, p. 8, t. 1, fig. 12. c) trigonula: Miliolites trigonula LMCK., 1801, 1816, Encycl. meth. t. 469, fig. 2. Triloculina trigonula I/ORB., 1826, Tabl. Meth.; Ann. So, Nat. 7, p. 293, t. 16, figg. 59; Mod. 93. ROMER, 1888, Nordd. tert. Meeress.; Leonh. u. Bronu. Jhb. 1838. p. 393, t. 3, fig. 71. Miliolina trigonula WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. forf. p. 84, figg. 180182. Triloculina tricarinata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth. Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, Mod. 94. gibba n'ORB., ibid.; 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 274, t. 16, figg. 2224. var. Rss., 1864, Oberoligoc.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 450, t. 1, fig. 4. EGGER, 1857, Mioc. Ortenburg; Leouh. u. Broun. Jhrb. 1857, p. 271, t. 6, figg. 1-3. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAK. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 127 Syn. Triloculina gibba HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch., p. 21, t. 12, tig. 10. trigonula, angulosa COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 314, 315, t. 24, figg. 8, 1415. tricarinata BRADY, 1864, Rhizop. Shetl.; Trans. Lin. Soc. 24, p. 466, t. 48, fig. 3. Miliolina tricarinata PAHK. et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc. ; Phil. Transact. 155, 1, p. 409, t. 15, fig. 40. Mil.-Triloculina-tricarinata PARK, et JONES, BRADY, 1866, Crag, foraraf.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 7, t. 3, figg. 33-34. Triloculina tricarinata Itss., 1867, Steinsalzablag. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 71, t. 2, fig. 4. Cruciloculina triangularis D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 280, t. 21, fig. 57. CARPENTER, 1862, Introd,, t. 6, fig. 15. d) angularis: ab a) vix diversa; lateribus interdum truncatis (Qu. Ferusaci D'ORB.): Quinquelocul. triangularis D'ORB., 1826, Tab. raeth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 302. N:o 34. a D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 288, t. 18, figg. 79. PARK, et JONES, BRADY, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, t. 4, fig. 1. peregrina, Partschii D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 292293, t. 19, figg. 16. Miliolina seminulum PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oceans.; Phil. Trans. 155, i, p. 410, t. 15, fig. 35. Quinquelocul. Ermani BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorf; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 351, t. 19, fig. 6. Triloculina decipiens, exigua, Quinquelocul. lobata, Buchiana COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 24, figg. 1317, t. 26, figg. 2, 7. Quinquelocul. semiplana llss., 1855, Kreidegeb. Meklenburg; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 275, t. 10, fig. 1. ovata llss., 1855, Tert. Schicht. nordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18, p. 252, t. 9, fig. 88. Biondi, tubulosa SEG., 1862, Rhizopod. Catan. p. 35, t. 2, fig. 7, 8. Accad. Gioenia Atti (2) 18. Triloculina Kochi Rss. (partim) 1855, Kreideg. Meklenb.; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 289, t. 11, fig. 6. Quinquelocul. inaequalis D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries, p. 142, t. 3, figg. 28 30. Lamarckiana, Cuvieriana, Auberiana D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 189, 190, 193, t. 11, figg. 1415, 1921; t. 12, figg. 13. -> bicostata, Candeiana D'ORB., ibid. p. 195, 199, t. 12, figg. 810, 2426. planciana D'ORB., ibid. p. 186, t. 11, figg. 4 6. Gualteriana U'ORB., ibid. p. 186, t. 11, figg. 1 3. (transversim plicata). ,) Buchiana, TJngeriana, longirostra D'ORB., 1846, For. tort. Vienne p 289, 291, t. 18, figg. 1012, 2227. punctata llss., 1853, Mainzer Beckeu; Leonh. u. Broun. Jhrb. 1853, p. 675, t. 9, fig. 8. eborea SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara lleise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 204, t. 4, fig. 18 signata Rss., 1849, Neue For.; Wien Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 385, t. 50, fig. 11. venusta KARR., 1868, Mioc. For. Faun. Kostej ; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 147, t. 2, fig. 6. Triloculina intermedia, sulcata KARR., ibid. p. 139, t. 1, figg. 11, 13. angulata, nodosa KARR., 1867, For. Faun. Ostcrr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 55, p. 359, t. 2, f. 6. Quinquelocul. bicarinella Rss., 1869, Oligoc. Gaas.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 59, p. 451, t. 3, fig. 1. latidorsata, Grintzingensis, concava Rss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. tert. Beck. p. 385386; t. 50, fig. 12, t. 51, figg. 12. 128 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. ?? Triloculina nodosaroides KARR., 1867, For. Paun. Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 360. t. 2, fig. 9, Triloculina quadrilatera D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 173, t. 9, figg. 14 16. bicarinata, Qu. polygona D'ORB., ibid. p. 180, t. 10, figg. 1820; t. 12, figg. 21 23. Quinquelocul. Sagra, Antillarum D'ORB., ibid. p. 188, 194, t. 11, figg. 16 18; t. 12, figg. 46. (transversim plicata). Perusacii D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth., Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 301, N:o 18, Mod. 32. Adelosina pulchella D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 303, t. '20, figg. 2530. Miliolina bicornis var. angulata WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. For. p. 88, fig. 196. Perusaci PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Ocean: Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 411, t. 15, fig. 36. PARK, et JONES, BRADY, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 12, t. 4, fig. 4. Quinquelocul. Juleana, contorta, Rodolphina, Badenensis, Marise D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 298300, t. 20, figg. 115. /) agglutinans et rugosa: Quinquelocul. agglutinans D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 195, t. 12, fig. 11 13. enoplostoma, bidentata D'ORB., ibid. p. 196, t. 12, figg. 14 20. Berthelotiana D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries p. 142, t. 3, figg. 25 27. opaca Ess., 1862, Sept. Thon. Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 42, t. 2 fig. 9- Atropos, Kostejana, excavata KAHR., 1868, For. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 148, 152, t. 3, figg. 4, G; t. 2, fig.' 9. sclerotica KARR., ibid, p. 152, t. 3, fig. 5. asperula SEG., 1862, Rhizopod. foss. Catania p. 36, t. 2, fig. 6 (Aecad. Gioenia Atti (2) 18. Appendix. e) transversim plicata: Quinquelocul. secans D'ORB., 1826, Tab. metb.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 303, N:o 43, Mod. 96. ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeress.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 393, t. 3, fig. 77. Miliolina seminulum var. disciformis WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. Forf. figg. 188 189. Quinquelocul. Haidingeri D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 289, t. 18, figg. 13 15. dentieulata, corrugata, transversa COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 324, 325, t. 25, figg. 6, 14, t. 26, fig. 9. notata Rss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. tert. Becken; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 385, t. 5, fig. 7. ornatissima KARR., 1868, Mioe. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.58, p. 151, t. 3, fig. 2. Triloculina dilatata KARR., ibid. p. 139, t. 2, fig. 1. Quinquelocul. falcifera KARR., ibid. p. 151, t. 3, fig. 3. t fabularoides KARR., 1864, Lcythakalk; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.50, p. 704, t. 1, fig. 3. (apertura eribriformis). scidula KARR., 1867, For. Faun. Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Bcr. 1. 55, p. 361, t. 3, fig. 1. ft) angularis: Sandbergeri Rss., 1853, Mainzer Beck.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1853, p. 674, t. 9, fig. 7. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 129 Syn. Quinquelocul. speciosa Rss., 1855, Tert. Sch. nordl. u. mittl. Deutschl.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 18. p. 251, t. 8, fig. 86. plicatula llss., 1867, Steinsalzablag. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 74, t. 3, fig. 2. Clotho KARR., 1868, Mioc. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1.58, p. 151, t. 2, fig. 5. Lachesis KAUR., ibid. p. 146, t. 2, fig. 4. TTngeriana var. stenostoma KARR., ibid. p. 141, t. 2, fig. 3. undosa KARR., 1867, For. Faun. Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Sit/.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 361, t. 3, fig. 3. f) longitud. plicata sive costata (Qu. pulchella D'ORB.): Adelosina Soldanii D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 304; N:o 4. Triloculina tricostata, Quinquelocul. Soldanii U'ORB., ibid. p. 300, 303; N:ris 21, 48. Quinquelocul. pulchella D'ORB., ibid. p. 303; N:o 42. BRADY, 1864, Rhizop. Shetl.; Trans. Lin. Soc. 24, p. 466, t. 48, fig. 1. PARK, et JONES, BRADY, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 13, t. 4, fig. 3. trisulcata, sulcifera ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeress.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 393, t. 3, figg. 7576. Verneuiliana, Schreibersii, Josephina D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 296, 297, t. 19, figg. 1927. Uniloculina indica D'ORB., ibid. p. 261, t. 21, figg. 5354. Triloculina pulchella D'ORB., ibid. t. 17, figg. 19 21. Quinquelocul. tricarinata D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 187, t. 11, figg. 79, 13. plicosa, Josephina COSTA, 1855, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 321, 322, t. 25, figg. 2, 4. ? nobilis KARR., 1868, Mioc. For. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 149, t. 2, fig. 11 (ad d) forsan pertinens). Miliolina bicornis WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. For. p. 88, figg. 190194. Quinquelocul. Boueana, Dutemplei, nussdorfensis D'ORB., 1846, For. Bass. tert. Vienne p. 293 et sequ. t. 19, figg. 715. Triloeulina Linneiana D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 172, t. 9, figg. 1113. Quinquelocul. Poeyiana D'ORB., ibid. p. 191, t. 11, figg. 25 27. Miliolina bicornis var. elegans WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. Forf. p. 98, fig. 195. Triloculina dichotoma Rss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 383, t. 49, fig. 12. porvaensis HKEN., 1875, Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 21, t. 13, fig. 3. Miliola Schreibersii BLAKE, 4876, Yorkshire Lias p. 451, t. 18, fig. 2 (an Vertebralina). g) striata, a prsecedente vix distinguenda: Adelosina striata D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 304, Mod. 18, 97. Quinquelocul. seminulum D'ORB. partim, ibid. p. 303; N:o 44. Triloculina Brongniartii D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 300; N:o 23. Brogniartiana D'ORB., 1839, Cuba; For. p. 176, t. 10, figg. 68. Gualteriana, Fichteliana, suborbicularis D'ORB., ibid. p. 170, 171, t. 9, figg. 5 10; t. 10, figg. 9-11. Planciana D'ORB., ibid. p. 173, t. 9, figg. 1719. Quinquelocul. gracilis D'OBB., ibid. p. 181, t. 11, figg. 1012. Triloculina Webbiana, Quinqueloo. Guancha D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries, p. 140, 143, t. 3, figg. 1315, 3436. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. Bd. 19. N:o 4. 17 130 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Syn. Quinquelocul. Brongniartii PARK, et JONES, BRADY, 1865, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 14, t. 3, fig. 41, t. 4, tig. 2. Triloculina Brogniartiana BAILEY, 1850, Exainin. of Soundings; Smithson. Contrib. 2, Art. 3, p. 13, figg. 44 45. striatella KARK., 1868, Mioc. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 140, t. 2, fig. 2. Quinquelocul. semimida Rss., 1865, For. deutsch. Sept. Thou; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. i, p. 125, t. 1, fig. 11 (d) angular! par). triedra, obsoleta, striatella, Boueana, affliiis, nussdorfensis COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 326329, t. 25, figg. 11, 13, 15; t. 26, figg. 3, 4, 6 (var. angulari par). longicollis, gracilis COSTA, ibid. t. 25, fig. 3, t. 26, flg. 1. Quinquelocul. hiantula Rss., 1863, Oberburg. Steiermark; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 23. i, t. 8, fig. 11. striolata Rss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. i, p. 385, t. 50, fig. 10. costata KARR., 1867, For. faun. Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 362, t. 3, fig. 4. paucisulcata Rss., 1864, Oberoligocan.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50, p. 452, t. 1, fig. 7. Eos Rss., 1869, Oligocan. von Gaas; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 59, p. 457, t. 1, fig. 7. incrassata, Sehroekingerii, vermicularis KARR., 1868, Mioc. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 148150, t. 2, figg. 10, 12, t. 3, 'fig. 1. Carp. Introd. t. 6, fig. 3. h) serratim lineata: Quinquelocul. zigzag D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 295, t. 19, figg. 1618. i) ordine punctata: Quinquelocul. saxorum (LMCK.) D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 301, t. 16, figg. 1014 Mod. 33. Miliola saxorum EGGER, 1857, Mioc. Ortenb.; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1857, p. 272, t. 10, figg. 18-20. Quinquelocul. striatopunctata KARR., 1867, For. Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 362, t. 3, fig. 5. lacunosa KARR., ibid. p. 362, t. 3, fig. 6. Triloculina carinata D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 179, t. 10, figg. 1517. granulata Rss., 1863, Oberburg, Steierraark; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 23. i, p. 8, t. 1, fig. 13. k) reticulata: Triloculina reticulata D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 299; N:o 9 (var. secanti affinis). Quinquelocul. reticulata KARR., 1861, Marin. Teg. Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 44, p. 449, t. 2, fig. 5. Carp. Introd uct. t. 6, fig. 13. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:0 4. 131 Miliolina ringens LMK. Tab. X, figg. 361386. The form which usually occurs on our bottom is identical with Biloculina bul- loides D'ORB. with its more or less broad, often carinated and inclined shelf, produced by the excess of the last chamber beyond the preceding. The modification with lobate limb Bil. caudata BORNEM., Bit. appendiculata Rss. are often met with, but such trifling features are too accidental to entitle to any separate designation whatever. Biloc. sphoera BRADY or Bil. globulus BORNEM. is ordinarily distinguished by higher lustre and absence of limb, the sutural mark being quite faint; the shell nearly glo- bular and the last chamber much larger than and overlappning the preceding one. It is found associated with the typical form. Triloculina enoplostoma Rss. from the Septaria-clay at Berlin, is a triloculine form, which also occurs on our bottom, but is very rare. Its glossy porcellaneous lustre and the shape of its aperture betray its close kindred to Mil. ringens. Some of D'ORBIGNY'S Triloculince may also be referred to this variety, as Triloc. Schreibersiana, austriaca D'Oss. etc. also Triloc. circularis BORNEM.; Triloc. valvulari* Rss. From the Atlantic ocean off the Azores Prof. SMITT and LJUNGMAN brought home in 1868 an extensive series of highly developed Miliolina ringens, elucidating the indistinct demar- cation between it and Mil. seminulum. Some delineations of a few examples from this valuable collection will illustrate this gradational transition. The form with tubulated round aperture recorded by LAMARCK as Miliolit. ringens and by COSTA as Biloc. tubulosa has not been met with on our bottom. But in deep water in the Atlantic it seems to be common. The form vcontraria* D'ORB. has not occurred. The typical form is sometimes finely striate figg. 370 371. A handsome costulate triloculim form is sometimes met with on our bottom, figg. 384 385. Figg. 361 362: the typical Mil. ringens, from chalk-bottom; the limb being thick and uneven with folds. Figg. 363 365: oblong, cyclostome form {Biloc. tubulosa COSTA); from the At- lantic off the Azores, 790 fathoms, SMITT and LJUNGMAN. Figg. 366 367: depressed form (Bil. carinata, depressa D'ORB.) with nearly tu- bular mouth; from the same locality as the preceding, 550 fathoms. Figg. 368 369: the spheroidal variety; the last chamber being much larger than the preceding; from the chalk-bottom. Figg. 370 371: finely striate form; from the Atlantic, 790 fathoms, SMITH and LJUNGMAN. Figg. 372 373: triloculine variety, from the coralline-gravel off the Virgin Islands. Figg. 374 375: irregular, triloculine form of high development, from the Atlantic, off the Azores, 600 fathoms, SMITT and L.IUNGMAN. Figg. 376 378: quadriloculine. tubulated form, from the same place, SMITT and LJUNGMAN. 132 GOES, KETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Figg. 379 '381: quinqueloculine form, associated with the preceding. Figg. 382 383: triloculine, tubulated variety; with the preceding. Figg. 384 385: costulate, triloculine form of Mil. ringens; from the chalk-bottom. Fig. 386: young or pigmy, with very thin shell, viewed in transmitted light. Syn. Miliolites ringens LMCK., 1804, Ann. du Mus. 5, p. 351, N:o 1; IX, t. 17, fig. 1. a) sphaerica vel subsphaerica, interdum carinata: Biloculina bulloides, ringens D'ORB., 1826, Tab. raeth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 297, N:o 1, 2. subsphserica D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 162, t. 8, figg. 2527. sphcera BRADY, 1864, Rhizop. Shetland; Trans. Lin. Soc. 24, p. 466, t. 48, fig. 1. simplex D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 264, t. 15, figg. 2527. bulloides, simplex, inornata, sequivoca, circumclausa COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 24, figg. 1, 36. globulus BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorf; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 349, t. 19, fig. 3. Rss., 1863, Sept. Thon Offenbach. Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 40, t. 1, fig. 4. globiformis, antiqua KARR., 1867, For. Fauna Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 357, 365, t. 2, fig. 1, t. 3, fig. 7. obesa Ess., 1864, Oberoligocan.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 50. p. 450, t. 5, fig. 7. ringens PARK, et JONES, 1857, For. Coast, of Norway; An. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 19. p. 298, t. 10, figg. 2833. lucernula SCHWAG., 1866, Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara lleise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 202, t. 4. fig. 17. amphiconica var. Rss., 1867, Steinsalzablag. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 67, t. 1, fig. 8. bulloides var. caloatoma, anodonta KAHR., 1868, Mioc. For. Kostej.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.- Ber. 1. 58, p. 133, t. 1, figg, 4, 6. turgida Rss., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 85, t. 7, fig. 55. appendiculata Rss., 1863, Crag. d'Anvers; Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) 15, p. 137, t. 1, fig. 1. Murrhina SCHWAG., 1866, For. Kar.-Nikobar.; Novara Reise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 203, t. 4, fig. 15. b) raagis ovalis: Biloculina bulloides D'ORB., 1826, An. Sc. Nat. 7, t. 16, figg. 14; Mod. 90. Miliola (Biloculina) ringens PARK et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 409, t. 15, figg. 4243. Biloculina canariensis D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries p. 139, t. 3, figg. 10 12. peruviana D'ORB., 1845, Voy. Am. mer. 5, p. 65, t. 9, figg. 1- 3. > patagonica D'ORB., ibid. p. 65, t. 3, figg. 15 17. clypeata, affinis, inornata D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 263, 266, t. 15, figg. 1921, t. 16,Jigg. 13, 79. cyclostoma Rss., 1849, Neue For. Wien. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 382, t. 49, fig. 6. lobata Hss., 1863, Sept. Thon Offenbach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 40, t. 1, figg. 5-6. oblonga D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 163, t. 8, figg. 2123. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 133 Syn. Biloculina ringens WILLIAMS., 1858. Brit. rec. Forf. p. 79, flgg. 169171, 175 176. ventricosa, bulloides var. larvata Rss., 1867, Steinsalzablag. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.- Bur. 1. 55, p. 68, 69, t. 1, fig. 9; t. 2, figg. 13. constricta COSTA, 1854, Paheont. Nap. 2, p. 301, t. 24, fig. 2. Grinzingensis KARR., 1877, Hochquellenwasserleit. ; Jhrb. Osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 375, t. 16, fig. 8. caudata BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorf; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 348, t. 19, fig. 2. elongata D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 298; N:o 4. PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Ocean.; Phil. Trans. 155, p. 409, t. 17. tenuis KARR., 1868, Mioc. For. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 133, t. 1 fig. 5. Carp, introduct. tab. 6, fig. 7. c) angulata: Biloculina aculeata D'ORB., 1826, Tab), meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 296. Mod. 31. d) depressa: Biloculina depressa I/ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 298, N:o 7, Mod. 91. PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans. 155. 1, p. 409, t. 17, fig. 89; 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 6, t. 3, figg. 29 30. carinata D'ORB., 1839, Cuba p. 164, t. 8, fig. 24, t. 9, figg. 12. lunula D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne p. 264, t. 15, figg. 2224. ringens var. carinata WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. Foramf., p. 79, figg. 172 174. amphiconica Rss., 1849, Neue for. osterr. tert. Becken; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 382, t. 49, fig. 5. scutella KARH., 1868, Mioc. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 134, t. 1, fig. 7. plana KAKR., 1877, Hochquellen-Wasserleitung; Osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 375, t. 16, fig. 9. e) apertura subrotunda: Biloculina applanata GUMB., 1862, Streitenberg. Schwammlager; Wiirtemb. Nat. Wiss. Ver. Jhrhft. 1862, p. 233, t. 4, fig. 16. tubulosa COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 24, fig. 7. f) compressa: Biloculina contraria U'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 266, t. 16, figg. 46. BRADY, 1864, Rhizop. Shetl.; Trans. Lin. Soc. 24, p. 466, t. 48, fig. 2. ,, Rss., 1867, Steinsalzablag. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 70, t. 1, fig. 10. Nummoloculina STEINMANN, 1881, Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1881, p. 31, t. 2. 134 GOES, RETICULARIAN KHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. g) in s e m i n u 1 a in t r a n s i e n s : Syn. Biloculina lucernula var. SCHWAG., 1866, Kar. Nikobar; Novara Heise, geol. Th. 2. 2, p. 202, t. 4, fig. 14. Triloculina enoplostoma Ess., 1851, Sept. Thon Berlin.; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 3, p. 86, t. 7, fig. 57; 1867, Steinsalzablag. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 72, t. 2, fig. 5. circularis BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorf; Ztschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 349, t. 19, fig. 4. ? bipartita D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 275, t. 17, figg. 13. (Cfr. p. 126). Miliolina plannlata LMCK. The usual form on the chalk-bottom is Spiroloculina canaliculata D'ORB., which cannot claim particular designation. It is met with less frequently than either Mil. seminulum or ringens. Syn. Miliolites planulata LMK., 1804, Ann. Mus. 5, p. 352, N:o 4. Spiroloculina depressa, perforata D'OKB., 1826, Tabl. meth.; Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 298, N:o 12, Mod. 92. nitida D'ORB., ibid. p. 298, N:o 4. badenensis U'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 270, t. 16, figg. 13 15. dilatata U'ORB., ibid. p. 271, t. 16, figg. 1618. excavata U'ORB., ibid. p. 271, t. 16, figg. 1921. depressa var. rotundata WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. Forf. p. 82, fig. 178. Miliola-Spiroloculina-planulata PARKER et JONES et BRADY, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 15, t. 3, figg. 3738. Miliola planulata PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. All. and Arct. Oc. ; Phil. Transact. 155. 1, p. 408, t. 17, fig. 82. Spiroloculina excavata COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, p. 311, t. 24, fig. 11. Sandbergeri Rss., 1853, Mainzerbecken; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1853, p. 671, t. 9, fig. 2. Freyeri Kss., 1863, Oberburg. Steiermark; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 23. 1, p. 7, t. 1, fig. 9. tenuissima llss., 1867, Steinsalzablag. Wieliczka; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 71, t. 1, fig. 11. Lapugyensis KARR., 1867, For. Faun. Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 357, t. 2, fig. 2. compressiuscula KARR., ibid. p. 358, t. 2, fig. 4. tenuirostra KARH., ibid. p. 358, t. 2, fig. 5. panda SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirterab. Nat. Verein. .Ihrhft. 17, p. 95, t. 2, fig. 6. Carp. Introd. t. 6, fig. 1. b) limbata: Spiroloculina limbata D'OKB., 1826, Tab. meth.; An. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 299, N:o 12. Miliola limbata PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Trans 155. 1, p. 409, t. 17, fig. 83. KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 135 Syn. Spiroloculina dorsata Hss., 1865, Deutsch. Septarienthon; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 25. i, p. 123, t. , fig. 83. limbata BORNEM., 1855, Sept. Thon Hermsdorf; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 7, p. 348, t. 19, tig. 1. Ess., 1863, Sept. Thon Kreuznach; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 48, p. 64, t. 8, lig. 89. HKEN., 1875, For. Clav. Szab. Sch. p. 20, t. 13, fig. 2. depressa WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. for. p. 82, figg. 177. canaliculata D'ORB., 1846, For. tert. Vienne, p. 269, t. 16, figg. 1012. COSTA. 1854, Pal. Nap. 2; t. 24, figg. 910. * PAKK. et JONES, BRADY, 1866, Crag. For.; Pal. Soc. 19, p. 16, t. 3, figg. 3940. alata Ess., 1853, Mainzer Becken; Leonh. u. Bronns. Jhrb. 1853, p. 671, t. 9, fig. I. ovalis ROM., 1838, Nordd. tert. Meeressand; Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1838, p. 392, t. 3, fig. 68. dubia BOM., ibid. p. 392, t. 3, fig. 69. ornata D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 167, t. 12, figg. 7, T. cymbium D'ORB., 1844, lies Canaries, p. 140, t. 3, figg. 5 6. cretacea Ess., 1853, Kreide. Ostalpen; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 7, p. 72, t. 26, fig. 9. rostrata Hss., 1849, Neue For. osterr. tert. Beck.; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 382, t. 49, fig. 7. Morloti Hss., 1863, Oberburg in Steiermark; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 23. 1, p. 7, t. 1 fig. 10. cavernosa KARR., 1867, For. Faun Osterr.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 55, p. 358, t. 2, fig. 3. u Berchtoldsdorfensis KAKR., 1877, Hochquellen-Wasserleit.; Jhrb. Osterr. geol. Eeicbs- anstalt Abh. 9, p. 375, t. 16, fig. 10. depressa var. Cymbium WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. For. p. 82, fig. 179. Carp. Introd. t. 6, f. 2. c) crenata: Spiroloculina plicata D'ORB., 1826, Tab. meth.; A. Sc. N. 7, p. 299, N:o 15. speciosa KARR., 1868, Mioc. Fauna Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 135, t. 1, fig. 8. a crenata KARR., ibid. p. 135, t. 1, fig. 9. d) striata aut aspera: Spiroloculina Poeyiana D'OEB., 1839, Cuba p. 168, t. 10, figg. 12. antillarum D'ORB., ibid. p. 166, t. 9, figg* 34 striatella Ess., 1863, Oberburg in Steiermark; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 23. i, p. 7, t. 1, fig. 8. asperula KARR., 1868, Mioc. Kostej; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 1. 58, p. 137, t. 1, fig. 10, celata COSTA, 1854, Pal. Nap. 2, t. 26, fig. 5. COSTA, 1855, For. foss. Marna blu' Vaticano; Mem. Nap. 2, p. 126, t. 1. fig. 14. 136 GOES, RETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. Trochammina incerta D'ORB. Tab. XI, figg. 404405. This form is one of the smoothest amongst the arenaceous group of this class, being composed of the finest siliceous particles and probably a large quantity of se- creted or precipitated cementing siliceous matter, the lime being quite absent; a rusty colouring matter renders the shell yellowish brown. It is very regularly formed, some- what biconcave. The aperture is a very narrow crescent placed on the inner part of the last convolution. It is sparsedly met Avith on the chalk-bottom, attaining a dia- meter of 2 to 3 m. m. Fig. 404: side-view of Trochammina incerta. Fig. 405: edge-view. Syn. Operculina incerta D'ORB., 1839, Cuba, p. 49, t. 6, figg. 1617. cretacea Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide 1, p. 35, t. 13, figg. 64 65 (sec. PARK, et JONES). ? punctata Rss., 1849, Neue Foramf. osterr. tert. Becken; Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 1. 1, p. 370, t. 46, fig. 21. Orbis iiitimus STRICKLAND, 1846, Microsc. Shells found in the Lias; Qu. Jouvn. geol. Soc. 2 p. 30, fig. a. Spirillina arenacea WtLUAMs., 1858, Brit. rec. for. p. 93, fig. 203. Trochamnina squamata var. incerta CARP., 1860, Introduct. p. 141, 312, t. 11, fig. 2. incerta PARK, et JONES, 1869, The perm. Troch. pusilla etc.; A. M. N. H. (4) 4, p. 388, t. 13, fig. 1. BRADY, 1876, Carbonif. and Perm, foramf.; Pal. Soc. 30, p. 71, t. 2, figg. 1014. Ammodiscus Rss., 1861, Entwurf einer systematischen Zusammenstellung etc.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 44, p. 365. Serpula Boesleri SCHMID, 1867, Leonh. u. Bronn. Jhrb. 1867, p. 583, t. 6, figg. 46 47. Ammodiscus infimus BORNEM., 1874, Ueber Involutina; Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 26, p. 725, t. 8, figg. 47; t. 9, fig. 8. miocenicus KARR., 1877, Hochquellenwasserleitung; Osterr. geol. Reichsanst. Abh. 9, p. 372, t. 16, fig. 2. PCornuspira Hornesi KARR., 1865, Wien. Sandstein.; Wien. Ak.~Sitz.-Ber. 52, p. 495, figg. 1011. granulosa, infraoolithica, silicea, aspera TERQUEM. (sec. BRADY 1. cit. p. 72). oolithica SCHWAG., 1867 (sec. BRADY 1. cit. p. 72). infima BLAKE, 1876, Yorkshire Lias p. 451, t. 18, fig. 2. (Vide etiam BRADY, Carbonif. and Perm, foramf.; Pal. Soc. 30, p. 7172) Lituolina seorpiurus MTFRT. Tab. XI, figg. 406409. A great deal of confusion has been brought into the designation and definition of the genus Lituolina; and of late the dissociation of its closely allied forms even into new genera, based upon very trifling and inconstant characters, has scarcely con- tributed to advance our knowledge as to the real relation between its different forms KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAK. BAND. 19. N:O 4. 137 It has been repeatedly noticed and stated, that the mode of life, in a free or at- tached state, amongst this class does not afford sufficient characteristics even for spe- cific, much less for generic, distinction; and no greater importance seems to bo attributable to the feature of the chambers being subdivided or not. Our form commences its early growth with a thin, slender, somewhat angular, half transparent, horny nodosarina-stage of a few produced chambers, the apex of which always seems to be broken off. From this condition in connection with rare instances of very young -- twocharabered specimens being attached endwise to shells of larger rhizopodes its ordinary mode of life - - at least in its youth - - may be inferred. Its young state ressembles very much Reophax spiculifera BRADY. The increase in size of the consecutive chambers are somewhat rapid ; its agglutinating power is very strong, large pieces of broken shells and some sponge-needles, but no grains of sand, being used for the fabric. The aperture is usually reniform, a feature on which the genus Hippocrepina DAWS, et PARK, has been founded. It is one of the most abundant rhizopodes chiefly on the chalk-bottom. Figg. 406 407: Two specimens of Lit. scorpiurus with part of their slender early stage. Fig. 408: the apertural end. Fig. 409: Longitudinal section through the medial plane. Syii. Beophax scorpiurus MONTF., 1808, Conchyliol. syst. 1, Genre 83, p. 330. Dentalina Scorpionus D'ORB., 1826, Tabl. meth., Ann. Sc. Nat. 7, p. 255, N:o 40. PMargin. hirsuta D'ORB., ibid. p. 259, N:o 5. Lituola scorpiurus BRADY, 1864, Rhizop. Shetl.; Trans. Lin. Soc. 24, p. 467, t. 48, fig. 5. nautiloidea var. scorpiurus PARK, et JONES, 1865, North. Atl. and Arct. Oc.; Phil. Transact. 155. 1, p. 407, t. 15, fig. 48. scorpiurus var. DAWS., 1870, For. Gulf and lliv. St. Laur.; A. M. N. Hist. (4) 7, (1871) p. 86, fig. 4 (fr. Canadian Naturalist 1870). Soldanii CARPENT., 1862, Introduct. t. 6, fig. 43. Proteonina fusiformis, pseudospiralis WILLIAMS., 1858, Brit. rec. For. p. 12, figg. 1 3. Rheophax fusiformis BRADY, 1882, Ret. Rhizopod., Osterr. Ungar. Exped. Wien. Ak. Dkschr. 43. 2, p. 99. Lituolina scorpiurus var. ammophila n. Tab. XII, figg. 410414. The shell of Lituolina scorpiurus when solely depending on siliceous sand for its construction becomes sometimes very much enlarged, with immense, thick walls. Such is the case with our form, which is built of loosely coherent grains of sand and sponge-needles. This deficiency in the coherence of the structure, particularly in aged specimens, is seldom met with in this class and indicates a lack of cementing secretion 1 8 K. Sv. Vut. Akad. Handl. Bd. 19. N:o 4. 138 GOES, KETICULARIAN RHIZOPODA OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA. or precipitation by the animal. Young specimens have a firmer construction with a great many sponge-needles entering into the building-materials, rendering its surface quite bristly. The earliest stage seems to be of the same slender form as in the pre- ceding. The septal impressions are very indistinct; the aperture does not exhibit that decided semilunar form as the preceding, being rounder or of undecided form, owing to the looseness and coarsness of the texture. The chambers are on their inside lined throughout with bright rust-coloured reddish sand. It is not common either on the chalk or in the coralline-gravel, attaining 10 mm. in length and about 3 rain, in diameter. Fig. 410: Lit. scorpiurus var. ammyphila. Fig. 411: Section through the median plane. Fig. 412: apertural end. Figg. 413 414: young individuals. Lituolina foedissima REUSS. Tab. XII, figg. 415418. Notwithstanding the more compact and homogeneous texture of this form than the foregoing and its striking difference I am not quite convinced of its specific dis- tinctness from Lit. scorpiurus. It is no doubt identical with REUSS' species from the cretaceous formation, although his form is stated to be furnished with subdivided chambers, on which character he has based his new genus: Haplosticke. The surface is very rough, but still the shell is agglutinated of fine chalk-par- ticles and probably also a great deal of precipitated or secreted carbonate of lime. The chambers are somewhat roughly sketched out, often very irregular in size and shape, with impressed and quite distinct septal lines. The aperture is semilunar, often fur- nished with a small tongue. It occurs chiefly in the coralline-gravel and grows to a length of 8 mm. Fig. 415: Stout form, with sudden increase of the size of the chambers. Fig. 416: A longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 417: More pointed form. Fig. 418: The aperture furnished with a tongue. Syri. Dentalina foedissima Rss., 1859, Kreidef. Westphal.; Wien. Ak. Sitz.-Ber. 40, p. 189, t. 3, figg. 23. Haplostiehe R 8 s., GEINITZ' Elbthalgeb. Sachs., 1873, 2, p. 121, t. II. 24, figg. 13. FRICS' Modell. 2. PNodosaria constricta Rss., 1845, Bohm. Kreide. 1, p. 26, t. 13, figg. 1213. PHaplostiche Rss., 1873, GEINITZ Elbthalgeb. Sachs. 2, p. 122, t. II. 24, figg. 912. dentalinoides, clavulina Rss., ibid. p. 121, t. II. 24, figg. 48. horrida SCHWAG., 1863, Jurass. Sch.; Wiirtemb. nat. Verein. Jhrhft. 21, t. 2, fig, 2. (an Lit. scorpiurus var.). KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 19. N:0 4. 139 Lituolina irregularis ROM. Tab. XII, figg. 419420. As I am unable with any degree of certainty to identify Lituolites deformis (alias di/urmis) LMCK. (Encycl. meth. Moll. Test. t. 466, fig. 1; Ann. Mus. 8, t. 62, f. 13) on account of it being less satisfactorily delineated, ROEMERS designation must be applied to this form, which is of the same shape as Haplophra