BARRETT'S 
 
 FLAG DRILL* 
 
 CHICAGO: 
 A. FLANAGAN, PUBLISHER.
 
 CtlflRT HIJTORT 
 
 OP THE 
 
 CIVIL * WflR 
 
 t only unique in U.S. History but als<> of \ 
 the reading matter is both inter* 
 ructive, while the maps, of which there 
 reen in number, show the progress of the 
 
 It is si 
 
 y its study, i: 
 
 will make all future reading about 
 fill. 
 
 in all other I 
 see:; 
 
 ,,, r 
 , 
 
 v AI/UB OF AN 
 AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP. In 
 
 An intelligent study of the 
 history of the nation is the only sure way 01 
 of country, and an appreciation cf its value. 
 
 \D FOR THE BOOK; IT WILL BE A 
 r/UABLE HELP IN TEACHING THE 
 CIVIL WAR. 
 
 ,ny teacher for ;^c 
 >d condition the money 
 
 fl. 
 
 If
 
 THE 
 
 FLAG DRILL 
 
 BY 
 
 GAPT. JOS. M. 
 
 FIRST INFANTRY, I. N. G 
 
 AUTHOR OF "BARNETT'S BROOM BRIGADE TACTICS," 
 "LOYAL LEGION DRILL MANUAL," ETC. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED, 
 
 CHICAGO: 
 
 A. FLANAGAN, 
 
 PUBLISHER.
 
 COPYRIGHT. 1889, 
 
 BY 
 
 JOS. H. BARNETT.
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 
 
 The following movements are designed for the in- 
 struction of young ladies in military drill. Each 
 one will be regarded as 22 inches wide, and 12 in- 
 ches deep through the chest. 
 
 The movements are explained toward but one 
 flank, it being only necessary to substitute the word 
 left for right, or the reverse, to have the explanation 
 for the other flank. 
 
 Unless movements are prescribed from a halt, or 
 in march, they may be executed either while at a 
 halt or in march. Also, unless movements are pre- 
 scribed without flags, they may be executed either 
 with or without flags. 
 
 Movements need not be executed in the order 
 prescribed. 
 
 There are two kinds of commands: the prepara- 
 tory, and the command of EXECUTION. The first 
 indicates what is to be done, and the second the 
 time to do it 
 
 If the instructor cautions: By the numbers, all 
 movements that are divided into motions are exe- 
 cuted in detail, until the caution, without the num- 
 bers, is given. As a rule, however, except in the 
 School of the Soldier and in the Flag Drill, all 
 movements will be executed as though the caution, 
 without the numbers, had been given.
 
 4 THE FLAG DRILL. 
 
 SCHOOL OF THE SQUAD. 
 
 The object of this school is individual instruction. 
 The instructor should always explain and execute 
 each movement before requiring it to be executed. 
 Short and frequent drills are preferable to long les- 
 sons, which tire both the instructor and the in- 
 structed. In the first lessons short rests should be 
 frequently given. If desired, the instructor may, 
 after giving a command, revoke it by commanding: 
 As you were, at which the position had before this 
 command is given will be resumed. 
 
 The recruits having assembled for drill, the in- 
 structor explains to them how to fall in, facing to 
 the right, and what to do at the command Left face. 
 The recruits now being formed in line, i. e. , side by 
 side, elbows touching, the instructor proceeds with 
 the drill. 
 
 POSITION OF THE SOLDIER. 
 
 Being at a halt, without Flags, and not at atten- 
 tion, the instructor commands: 
 
 I. Squad. 2. ATTENTION. 
 
 At the second command the recruits observe 
 silence and take the position of the soldier, i. e.: 
 
 Heels together and on the same line, feet turned 
 out equally, and making with each other an angle 
 of about 60 degrees. 
 
 Body erect on the hips, chest inclining a little 
 forward. 
 
 Shoulders square and falling equally. 
 
 Arms hanging naturally. 
 
 Elbows near the body.
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 5 
 
 Palms of the hands slightly to the front. 
 
 Chin drawn in. 
 
 Eyes straight to the front, and fixed on a point 
 on the ground about 1 5 yards off. 
 
 With Flags the commands are the same, and the 
 position of the soldier is also the same, except that 
 the right hand holds the Flag, as explained in the 
 
 manual. 
 
 TO REST. 
 
 Being in line, at a halt, without arms, the in- 
 structor commands: 
 
 I. Squad. 2. REST; or, i. In place. 2. REST. 
 
 At the last command of Squad Rest, the recruits 
 may take easy positions, talk, or leave their places 
 to go short distances. 
 
 At the last command of In place, Rest, they may 
 V<e easy positions and talk, but they must always 
 ^eep one heel in place. 
 
 To resume their places and the position of the 
 soldier, the instructor commands: 
 
 I. Squad. 2. ATTENTION. 
 
 With Flags is executed the same as without Flags, 
 the commands for rest being given when at the 
 order, and the order is resumed at the command, 
 
 attention. 
 
 PARADE REST. 
 
 Being in line, at a halt, without Flags, the in- 
 structor commands: 
 
 i. Parade. 2. REST. 
 
 Carry the right foot three inches directly to the 
 rear, the left knee slightly bent; clasp the hands in
 
 6 THE FLAG DRILL. 
 
 front of the center of the body, the left hand upper- 
 most, the left thumb clasped by the thumb and fore- 
 finger of the right hand. 
 
 To resume the position of the soldier, the in- 
 structor commands: 
 
 I. Squad. 2. ATTENTION 
 
 TO DISMISS. 
 
 Being in line, at a halt, without arms, the instruc- 
 tor commands: 
 
 i. Break Ranks. 2. MARCH. 
 
 If with Flags, the instructor commands: I. Flags, 
 2. PORT, before dismissing the squad. Flags Port 
 is executed as explained in the manual. 
 
 PRINCIPLES OF ALIGNMENT. 
 
 Being in line, at a halt, without Flags, the in- 
 structor commands: 
 
 i. Eyes. 2. Right (or left). 3. FRONT. 
 
 At the second command, turn the head gently, 
 and move forward or backward, if necessary, so as 
 to bring the inner corner of the left eye in a line 
 with the buttons on the dress, the eyes fixed on the 
 line of eyes of the recruits in, or supposed to be in, 
 the same rank. At the last command, turn the head 
 to the original position. 
 
 SALUTES. 
 
 Being without Flags, the instructor commands: 
 
 i. Right (or Left) Hand. 2. SALUTE. 
 Raise the right hand smartly, painting in the 
 same direction as the right foot, the palm of the hand
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 7 
 
 down, the thumb close to the forefinger, the arm 
 extended, and horizontal. ( Two.} Bring the hand 
 around till the point of the thumb and side of the 
 forefinger touch the lower edge of the cap or visor, 
 at the same time turn the head a little to the left, 
 look toward the person to be saluted, and retain 
 this position till the salute is acknowledged. 
 ( Three.} Bring back the hand and arm to the posi- 
 tion of the first motion; at the same time cast the 
 eyes to the front. (Four.) Drop the arm quickly 
 by the side. The salute with flags is explained in 
 
 the manual. 
 
 FACINGS. 
 
 Being at a halt, the instructor commands: 
 Right (or Left). 2. FACE. 
 
 At the command Face, raise the right foot slightly, 
 face to the right, turning on the left heel, the left toe 
 slightly raised; replace the right heel by the side of 
 the left and on the same line. 
 
 The facings to the left are executed upon the same 
 heel as the facings to the right. 
 
 Being at a halt, the instructor commands: 
 
 i. Squad. 2. ABOUT. 3. FACE. 
 
 At the command About, turn on the left heel, 
 bring the left toe to the front, carry the right foot 
 xto the rear, the hollow opposite to and three inches 
 from the left heel, the feet square to each other. 
 
 At the command Face, turn on both heels, raise 
 the toes a little, face to the rear, and when the face 
 is nearly completed, raise the right foot and replace 
 it by the left.
 
 8 THE FLAG DRILL. 
 
 LENGTH AND CADENCE OF THE STEPS. 
 
 The length of the direct step is 28 inches; of the 
 short step, 14 inches; of the side step, 6 inches; of 
 the back step, 14 inches; all being measured from 
 heel to heel. The cadence is at the rate of 1 10 steps 
 
 per minute. 
 
 DIRECT STEP. 
 
 Being at a halt, or at mark time, or marching in 
 the short step, the instructor commands: 
 i. Forward. 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the command Forward, throw the weight of 
 the body upon the right foot without bending the 
 left knee. 
 
 At the command March, move the left leg smartly, 
 but without jerk, carry the foot straight forward 28 
 inches from the right, measuring from heel to heel, 
 the sole near the ground, the toe a little depressed; 
 at the same time, throw the weight of the body 
 forward, and plant the foot without shock, the 
 weight of the body resting upon it; next, in like 
 manner, advance the right foot, and plant it as 
 above; continue the march, keeping the face direct 
 to the front. 
 
 The instructor indicates from time, to time, the 
 cadence of the step, by calling Left, left, the instant 
 the left foot should be planted. 
 
 SHORT STEP. 
 
 Being at a halt, or at mark time, the instructor 
 commands: 
 
 i. Forward. 2. Short Step. 3. MARCH. 
 
 Executed the same as the march in the direct step, 
 except the length of the short step is but 14 inches.
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 9 
 
 Being in march, the squad may be passed from 
 the direct step to the short step, or vice versa, by 
 the commands: 
 
 i. Short Step, 2. MARCH, and i. Forward. 
 2. MARCH, respectively. 
 
 SIDE STEP. 
 
 Being at a halt, the instructor commands: 
 
 i. Side step to the Right (or Left]. 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the command March, carry the right foot 6 
 inches to the right, keeping the shoulders square to 
 the front; as soon as the right foot is planted, bring 
 the left foot to the side of it, and continue the move- 
 ment. 
 
 BACK STEP. 
 
 Being at a halt, the instructor commands: 
 i. Backward. 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the command March, step off smartly with the 
 left foot 14 inches straight to the rear, measuring 
 from heel to heel, and so on with the feet in succes- 
 sion till the commands: 
 
 i. Squad. 2. HALT. 
 
 At the command Halt, bring back the foot in 
 front to the side of the one in rear. 
 
 MARK TIME STEP. 
 
 The instructor commands: 
 
 i. Mark Time. 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the second command, given the instant either 
 foot is coming to the ground, continue the cadence 
 and make a semblage of marching, without gaining
 
 10 THE FLAG DRILL. 
 
 ground, by alternately advancing each foot about 
 half its length, and bringing it back on a line with 
 
 the other. 
 
 TO MARCH TO THE BEAR, 
 
 Being in March, the instructor commands: 
 I. To the rear. 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the command March, given as the right foot 
 strikes the ground, advance and plant the left foot; 
 then turn on the balls of both feet around to the 
 right so as to face in the opposite direction, and 
 immediately step off with the left foot. 
 
 CHANGE STEP. 
 
 Being in March, the instructor commands: 
 i. Change Step. 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the command March, given the instant the 
 right foot comes to the ground, the left foot is ad- 
 vanced and planted; the hollow of the right foot is 
 then advanced against the heel of the left, the re- 
 cruit again stepping off with the left. 
 
 The change on the right foot is similarly executed, 
 and the command March, being given when the left 
 foot strikes the ground. 
 
 TO HALT. 
 
 Being in march, without Flags, the instructor 
 commands: 
 
 I, Squad. 2. HALT. 
 
 The command Halt is given as either foot strikes 
 the ground, and the other foot is placed by its side 
 without shock. 
 
 With Flags, after halting, come to a Carry, as 
 explained in the manual.
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 11 
 
 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY. 
 
 The instructor explains the manner of counting 
 twos and fours, ^o. guide right means that the files 
 are to touch elbows and dress to the right; guide 
 left, to touch and dress to the left, etc., etc. The 
 instructor then makes an alphabetical list of the 
 names of the recruits of the company, and cautions 
 each one whose name is called to answer Here! in a 
 clear and distinct tone of voice. 
 
 If with Flags, fall in at a carry, and the instruc- 
 tor commands: i. Support, 2. FLAGS, before calling 
 the roll. As each name is called the recruit an- 
 swers Here! and comes to a carry and then to Order 
 Flags, as explained in the manual of the Flag. 
 
 FOURS. 
 
 Being in line, at a halt, with or without Flags, the 
 instructor commands: 
 
 I. Count. 2. FOURS. 
 
 The recruit on the right says one, the second says 
 tiuo, the third three, the fourth four, the fifth one, 
 the sixth two, etc. 
 
 Being in line, the captain's post is 2 yards in front 
 of the center of the company; the first sergeant's on 
 the right, and the second sergeant's on the left of the 
 company. For purposes of instruction the captain 
 goes where necessary. 
 
 The first sergeant calls the roll. The commands 
 of the first sergeant are: i. Fall in. 2. Left. 3. 
 FACE. 4. Count. 5. FOURS. The first sergeant 
 faces the captain, then salutes and reports the result 
 of the roll-call, and takes post on the right of the
 
 12 THE FLAG DRILL. 
 
 company. The sergeant on the right of the com- 
 pany is the right guide, and the sergeant on the left 
 of the company is the left guide. 
 
 The captain returns the salute, and proceeds with 
 the drill. 
 
 When formed in line, the flags are at a carry. 
 
 Being in line, to dismiss, the captain directs the 
 first sergeant: Dismiss the company. 
 
 ALIGNMENTS. 
 
 Being in line, at a halt, the instructor advances 
 the file on the right (or left) one or more steps to 
 the front, and then commands: 
 
 i. Right (or left}. 2. DRESS. 3. FRONT. 
 
 At the command Dress, the entire rank moves 
 up, shortening the last step so as to be about six 
 inches behind the alignment, each recruit then 
 moves on the line, which must never be passed, 
 taking steps of a few inches, casting the eyes to the 
 right; as in Eyes Right, keeping the shoulders 
 square to the front, and touching with the elbow 
 that of the file on the right, without opening the 
 arms. The instructor verifies the alignment by 
 going to the right flank, and orders forward or back 
 such files as may be in rear or advance of the line. 
 This done, the command Front is given, when the 
 recruits cast their eyes to the front and remain firm. 
 
 Alignments to the rear are executed on the same 
 principles, the recruits stepping back a little beyond 
 the line, and then dressing up, by short steps. The 
 commands are: 
 
 i . Right (or left} backwards. 2. Dress. 
 
 3. FRONT.
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 13 
 
 MARCH IN LINE. 
 
 Being in line, at a halt, the instructor commands: 
 I. Forward. 2. Guide Right (or left}. 
 
 3. MARCH. 
 
 At the command March, the recruits step off 
 smartly with the left foot, the right file marching 
 straight to the front; the files touch lightly the elbow 
 toward the right, keep the arms close to the body, 
 yield to pressure coming from the right, and resist 
 pressure coming from the left. Shortening or length- 
 ening the step, they gradually recover the align- 
 ment, and touch of the elbow, if lost, and keep the 
 head direct to the front, no matter on which side 
 the guide may be. 
 
 A line faced to the right or left is called a column 
 of files. Being in column of files, at a halt, the 
 commands are: 
 
 i . Left, 2. FACE. 3. Forward. 4. Guide left (or 
 right). 5. MARCH. 
 
 Marching in column of files, the commands are: 
 i. By the left (or right) flank. 2. MARCH. 
 
 3. Guide right (or left). 
 
 At the command March, given as the left foot 
 strikes the ground, advance and plant the right foot; 
 then turn to the left and step off in the new direc- 
 tion with the left foot. 
 
 MARCH BY THE FLANK. 
 
 Being in line, at a halt, the instructor commands: 
 i. Right (or left). 2. FACE. 3. Forward. 4. MARCH. 
 Marching in line, the instructor commands: 
 i. By the right (or left) flank. 2. MARCH.
 
 14 THE FLAG DRILL. 
 
 The recruits cover each other, and keep closed to 
 facing distance; that is, to such distance that in form- 
 ing line the elbows will touch. 
 
 TO CHANGE DIRECTION IN COLUMN OF FILES. 
 
 Being at a halt, the instructor commands: 
 
 I. Forward. 2. Column right (or left), or 2, 
 Column half right or half left. 3. MARCH. 
 
 At the command March, the leading file wheels 
 to the right, or half right, advances in the new 
 direction, and is followed by the other files, who 
 wheel on the same ground. 
 
 TO OBLIQUE. 
 
 Marching in line, the instructor commands: 
 i. Right (or Left) oblique. 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the command March, given as the right foot 
 strikes the ground, each file makes a half face to the 
 right in marching, and then moves straight in the 
 new direction. As the files no longer touch elbows, 
 they glance along the shoulders of the nearest files, 
 toward the side to which they are obliquing, and 
 regulate their steps so that their shoulders are 
 always behind those of the next file on that side, 
 and that the head of this file conceals the heads of 
 the other files of the rank. They preserve the 
 same length of step and the same degree of obli- 
 guity, the line of the rank remaining parallel to its 
 original position. 
 
 To resume the original direction, the instructor 
 commands: 
 
 I. Forward. 2. MARCH.
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 15 
 
 At the command March, given as the left foot 
 strikes the ground, each file makes a half face to the 
 left in marching, and then moves straight to the 
 front. The guide, without indication, is on the side 
 where it was previous to the oblique. 
 
 Being in line, at a halt, the commands are: 
 
 I. Right (or Left) oblique. ?.. MARCH. 
 
 The files half face to the right at the command 
 Right oblique, and step off at the command MARCH. 
 If halted while obliquing, they will halt, then face 
 to the front without further command. 
 
 If with Flags and not at a carry, and the com- 
 pany be halted while obliquing, it comes to the 
 carry upon halting, and then faces to the front. 
 The column oblique by the same 
 commands as when in line. If in 
 column of files, the oblique is exe- 
 cuted on the same principles as from 
 in line, but if in column of twos 
 or fours, the sets of twos or fours 
 preserve their distance and paralle- 
 lism; the file in each set on the side 
 toward which the oblique is made 
 (RIGHT OBLIQUE.) is the guide of the set, and the 
 guide of the leading set is the guide of the column. 
 The march in the original direction is resumed at 
 the command Forward MARCH. 
 
 A Wheel is a circular movement, by which the 
 front of a file, set of fours, company, etc., is placed 
 at right angles to its original position or changed 90 
 degrees.
 
 16 THE FLAG DRILL. 
 
 Wheelings are of two kinds, on fixed and on 
 movable pivots. 
 
 FIXED PIVOT. 
 
 Being in line, at a halt, the instructor commands: 
 
 I. Right (or Left] wheel. 2. MARCH. 3. Com- 
 pany. 4. HALT. 5. Left (or Right.) 6. DRESS. 
 7. FRONT. 
 
 At the command March, the files, except the 
 pivot-file, step off with the left foot, turning at the 
 same time the head a little to the left, the eyes fixed 
 on the line of the eyes of the files to their left; the 
 pivot-file marks time strictly in place, gradually 
 turning the body, to conform to the movements of 
 the marching flank; the file who conducts this flank 
 takes steps of 28 inches, and from the first step 
 advances the left shoulder a little, casts the eyes 
 along the rank, and feels lightly the elbow of the 
 next file toward the pivot, but never pushing or 
 pressing upon that side. 
 
 The other files touch with the elbow toward the 
 pivot, resist pressure from the other side, conform 
 to the movements of the marching flank, and 
 shorten their steps according to their distance from 
 it; at the fourth command, given when the company 
 is nearly at right angles to its original position, it 
 halts, and at the sixth command, given immediately 
 after, all dress up to the perpendicular. 
 
 Being at a halt, to wheel and move forward, the 
 instructor commands: 
 
 i. Right (or Left) -wheel. 2. MARCH. 3. For- 
 ward. 4. MARCH. 5. Guide left (or right).
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 17 
 
 The command Forward is given in time to add 
 March the instant the wheel is completed, at which 
 all take the step of 28 inches and turn their heads 
 square to the front. 
 
 Being in line, to form column of twos or fours, to 
 the right or left. If the commands are: i. Twos 
 (or Fours) right (or left] wheel. 2. MARCH. 
 3. Company. 4. HALT, each set of twos or fours 
 wheel on a fixed pivot, as previously explained, 
 except that the sets, immediately after halting, 
 dress to the left and turn the head to the front. 
 
 If the commands are: Twos (or Fours] right (or 
 left] wheel. 2. MARCH, each set, after the wheel on 
 a fixed pivot is completed, takes the direct step, 
 and all the files turn their heads to the front and 
 dress to the left, in marching. 
 
 The distance, measuring from back to breast, 
 between recruits in column of files is facing distance 
 (i. <?., 10 inches); between consecutive sets of twos 
 in column is 32 inches, between fours in column is 
 76 inches. 
 
 Being in column of twos or fours, to execute the 
 about, the commands are: i. Twos (or Fours] right 
 (or left] about. 2. MARCH. Each set wheels on 
 a fixed pivot, and after completing the wheel, 
 moves forward. 
 
 MOVABLE PIVOT. 
 
 Being in line, in march, the instructor commands: 
 
 I. Company right (or left] wheel. 2. MARCH. 3. 
 Forward. 4. MARCH. 5. Guide left (or right.]
 
 18 THE FLAG DRILL. 
 
 (RIGHT WHEEL.) 
 
 The first command is given when the company is 
 3 yards from the wheeling point. At the command 
 March the wheel is executed on a fixed pivot, ex- 
 cept that the pivot-file, instead of turning in place, 
 takes steps of 9 inches, and thus gains ground for- 
 ward in describing a small curve, so as to clear the 
 wheeling point. 
 
 The command Forward is given in time to add 
 March the instant the wheel is completed, at which 
 all retake the step of 28 inches, and turn their heads 
 square to the front. 
 
 The imagery center of the circle, upon the arc 
 which the pivot-file moves, is, on the prolongation 
 of the rank and at a distance from the wheeling 
 point, equal to about one-half the front of the com- 
 pany or sub-division. 
 
 During the wheel, the guide, without indication, 
 is on the marching flank; upon the completion
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 19 
 
 of the wheel, the guide, if not already there, is 
 announced on the same flank as before the move- 
 ment. 
 
 Wheelings on fixed or movable pivots being im- 
 portant movements, the instructor requires the 
 recruits successively to act as pivots, and to conduct 
 the marching flanks. 
 
 Being in column of twos or fours, to form line on 
 the right or left, the commands are: 
 
 (ON RIGHT INTO LINE WHEEL.) 
 
 I. On Right (or left} into line wheel. 2. MARCH. 
 
 3. Company. 4. HALT. 5. Right (or left}. 
 
 6. DRESS. 7. FRONT. 
 
 At the command March, the leading set of two or 
 fours wheel to the right on a movable pivot as ex- 
 plained, except that, after wheeling, this set moves 
 forward, dressing to the right without further com- 
 mand; the other sets move on and successively 
 wheel to the right on movable pivots, and advance
 
 20 
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 
 
 as explained for the first set, each when at a point 
 wheeling distance beyond the point at which the set 
 next in its front wheeled. At the command Halt, 
 
 (FORMATION OF COMPANY.) 
 
 the leading set halts; the other sets halt successively 
 as they arrive 6 inches in rear of the line. After 
 the line is dressed the command Front is given. 
 
 (RIGHT FORWARD, FOUR RIGHTS.) 
 
 Being in line, to form column of twos or fours to 
 the front, the commands are: 
 
 i. Right (or Left}. FORWARD. 2. Fours (two) 
 
 RIGHT (or left.} 3. MARCH. 
 
 At the command March, the right set 
 moves forward, shortening the first few 
 steps; the other sets wheel to the right on 
 a fixed pivot; the second set, when its 
 wheel is ^ completed, wheels to the left on 
 a movable pivot, and follows the first set; 
 the other sets having made a right wheel, 
 move on and wheel to the left on the same 
 ground as the second.
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 21 
 
 Being in column, to halt it and put it in march, 
 the captain commands; 
 
 i. Company, 2. HALT, and I. Forward. 2. MARCH 
 
 Being in column of twos or fours, to change direc- 
 tion of the column, the captain commands, if in 
 march : 
 
 i. Column right (or left}, or I. Column half right 
 (or half left). 2. MARCH. 
 
 If at a halt: 
 
 i. Forward. 2. Column right (or left), or 2. Col- 
 umn half right (or half left.) 3. MARCH. 
 
 At the command March, the leading set wheels 
 on a movable pivot and moves forward, the other 
 sets advance, wheel on the same ground, and follow 
 the leading set. 
 
 Being in column of fours or twos, to form column 
 of twos or files, the captain commands: 
 
 I. Right (or left) by twos (or by file). 
 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the command March, the designated 
 number of files on the right of each set 
 moves forward; the other files of each set 
 mark time till disengaged, they then 
 oblique to the right and follow their file 
 leaders. 
 
 Being in column of files or twos, to form column 
 of twos or fours, the captain commands: 
 
 I. Form twos (or fours.) 2. Left (or right) 
 oblique. MARCH.
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 
 
 At the command March, the leading part 
 of each set takes the short step; the rear 
 part of each set obliques to the left till oppo- 
 site its place in the set, then marches to the 
 front, and when the sets are united all the 
 files resume the direct step. 
 
 Being in column, to form line to the 
 front, the captain commands: 
 
 I. Left (or right] front into line. 2. MARCH. 
 
 3. Company. 4. HALT. 5. Right (or left}. 
 
 6. DRESS. 7. FRONT. 
 
 (UtFT FRONT INTO LINE.) 
 
 At the command March, the first set moves for- 
 ward with the guide on the right, the other sets 
 oblique to the left till opposite their places in line, 
 when each marches forward, dressing to the right. 
 At the command Hall, the leading set only halts; 
 the other sets halt upon reaching their places in line.
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 23 
 
 TO BREAK BY THE RIGHT (OR LEFT) OF FOURS TO 
 THE REAR. 
 
 Marching in line, the captain commands: 
 
 I. By the Right (or Left] of Fours to the Rear. 
 
 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the command March, the company execute 
 by the right flank; the leading file in each four 
 faces to the rear and marches in that directions; the 
 other files in each four follow the first file at facing 
 distance. 
 
 Marching in column of fours. 
 
 TO FORM SQUARE. 
 
 The captain commands: 
 I. Form Square. 2. MARCH. 3. Company. 
 
 4. HALT. 
 
 At the command March, the leading four shortens 
 the step to fifteen inches; the second four executes 
 by the right flank, column left, closing to facing 
 distance; the third four executes by the left flank, 
 column right, closing to facing distance; the last 
 four moves forward to facing distance from the 
 right and left flanks of the square. 
 
 At the fourth command the square halts; the 
 second four executes right face; the third four exe- 
 cutes left face: the last four executes about face.
 
 24 THE FLAG DRILL. 
 
 TO REDUCE SQUARE, 
 
 The captain commands: 
 
 I. Reduce Square. 2. Fours into Column. 
 3. MARCH. 
 
 At the second command all the fours face to the 
 front. At the command March, the first four 
 marches to the front, followed by the other fours at 
 wheeling distance; the second, third and fourth 
 files of the second four execute left front into line, 
 dressing successively upon the left of its first file; 
 the last three files of the third four execute right 
 front into line, dressing successfully upon the right 
 of its first file. 
 
 TO FORM CIRCLE. 
 
 Being in column of fours, the captain commands: 
 \. Form Circle to the Right (or Left). 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the command March, the leading guide goes 
 to the right of the first set, which wheels on a mov- 
 able pivot, till it completes three-quarter of a circle; 
 it then continues the wheel without increasing the 
 distance from the starting point of the wheel; the 
 other sets move forward and wheel on the same 
 ground as the first set and follow it; the rear guide 
 goes to the right of the last set as it begins to 
 wheel; the captain takes post inside the center of 
 the circle during its formation, and sees that the 
 sets preserve equal distances from one another.
 
 fHE FLAG DRILL. 25 
 
 The captain and guides remain in the center till 
 the circle is broken into column. 
 
 To halt the circle and put it in march, the cap- 
 tain commands: 
 
 I. Company. 2. HALT, or, I. Forward in Circle* 
 3. MARCH. 
 
 TO EXECUTE RIGHT (OR LEFT) BY TWOS (OR BY FILE), 
 
 Being in circle, in eolumn of fours or twos, the 
 captain commands: 
 
 i. Right (or Left) by Twos (or by File). 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the command March, the designated number 
 of files on the right of each set moves on without 
 increasing the distance from the center of the circle; 
 the other files of each set mark time till disenaged, 
 they then oblique to the right and follow their file 
 leaders; the captain and guides remain inside the 
 circle. 
 
 Being in circle, many movements, such as the 
 march by the flank, to the rear, skirmish move- 
 ments, etc., may be executed, as prescribed in 
 other parts of the " Flag Drill." 
 
 Being in circle, in column of fours, to resume the 
 direct march, the captain commands: 
 
 i. Circle Forward into Column. 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the command March, the first set marches 
 direct to its front; the other sets wheel on a mov- 
 able pivot till they successively arrive on the same 
 ground the first set took the direct step, and then 
 follow the first set; the guides resume their places 
 in column as soon as possible.
 
 26 
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 
 
 TO FORM COLUMN OF FILES. 
 
 Being in column of fours, the captain commands: 
 
 i . Column of Files. 2 . By the Right Flank. 
 3. MARCH. 
 
 At the third command, the first four march by 
 the right flank, and the first sergeant hastens to- 
 place himself in advance of the leading file. Each 
 of the other fours advance until the are on the same 
 ground on which the first four flanked, when they 
 perform I. By the right flank, 2. MARCH, and 
 hasten to gain their facing distance. Great care 
 must be taken to have the files in each four flank 
 simultaneously, and to gain facing distance without 
 deranging the alignment. 
 
 TO OPEN FILES FROM THE CENTER. 
 
 Marching in column of fours, having specified the 
 interval (two yards being presumed if none be 
 specified), the captain commands: 
 
 I. From the Center. 2. Open Files. 3. MARCH. 
 
 At this command, numbers two and three of each 
 four march forward by short 
 steps, numbers one and four 
 oblique to the right and left at 
 full step until they have gained 
 their distance, when they march 
 to the front, the entire four 
 then take the full step. The 
 captain commands: 
 
 2. Left and Right Oblique. 
 
 3. MARCH. 
 
 I. Alternately.
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 2T 
 
 At the third command, the odd files oblique to 
 the left and the even files 
 oblique to the right, thus 
 forming double columns ofj 
 twos; immediately on meet- 
 ing they oblique to the right 
 and left until they are in the 
 same relative positions as at 
 the start, when they again oblique as before. 
 
 To again march to the front, the captain com- 
 mands: 
 
 i. Forward. 2. MARCH, 
 
 giving the second command as the files reach their 
 original relative positions. Great care must be 
 taken to preserve the alignments and that all the 
 files commence the obliques at the same time. To 
 this end the rear fours conform to the movements of 
 the first four. 
 
 If at a halt, an easy diversion is when the cap- 
 tain commands: 
 
 I. Numbers Two and Three. 2. In Circle^ 
 Right -Wheel. 3. MARCH, 
 
 giving the command, 
 
 4. Company. 5. HALT; or, 4. Forward. 
 5. MARCH, 
 
 as they reach their original positions.
 
 28 
 
 THE FLAG DRILL' 
 
 TO FORM SERPENT. 
 
 Being in column of files , the captain commands: 
 I. Form Serpent. 2. Column Right. 3. MARCH. 
 
 The leading guide wheels on the circumference of 
 an imaginary circle whose radius 
 is a little less than one-sixth of 
 the company front. As he ap- 
 proaches the rear of the column, 
 he shortens the raidius and con- 
 tinues the wheel, forming a series 
 of rings within one another. 
 When the radius of the circle 
 becomes as small as he desires, 
 the sergeant countermarches to the left without 
 command, and unfolds the series of circles by suc- 
 cessive wheels to the left. If the captain had 
 wished to stop the movement before the sergeant 
 had reached the center, he might have commanded: 
 
 I. Countermarch. 2. To the Left. 3. MARCH.
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 
 
 $SHniILHER STHflPS flNH 
 
 < r 
 
 Se- 
 
 Ja Captain. 
 
 sa 
 
 nj First Lieutenant. 
 
 22! Si-cowl Lieutenant. 
 y6r First Sirgeant. 
 
 Oiiarter- Master Sergeant. 
 
 Sergeant. 
 
 * 
 
 ^ r 
 
 I 
 f
 
 30 
 
 THE FLAG DRILL. 
 
 THB POINT (The end of the stick ) 
 
 THE STICK (The wooden part. 
 
 ' THE LOWER BAND (A narrow ribbon 
 tacked on fifteen 
 inches from the 
 
 butt.) 
 
 THE HANDLE (That part of the stick 
 between the lower 
 band and the butt.) 
 
 THE BUTT (The end of the flag pole.) 
 
 The Flag Pole should reach as high as the recruit's 
 shoulder. (See order Flags.)
 
 FLAG MANUAL. 
 
 (CAFKY.) 
 
 Being at attention, the instructor commands: 
 
 i. Carry. 2. FLAGS. 
 Take the flag so as to hold it in 
 the right hand, the stick nearly 
 vertically and resting in the hollow 
 of the shoulder, the arm hanging 
 nearly at its full length near the body, 
 the thumb and the forefinger grasp- 
 ing the stick, and the remaining fin- 
 gers closed together. 
 
 Always fall in at a carry. 
 In resuming the carry from any 
 position in the manual, the motion 
 next to the last concludes with the 
 left hand at the right shoulder, fingers extended and 
 joined, the thumb close to the forefinger, back of 
 the hand to the front, the elbow close to the body. 
 Being at a carry, at a halt, the instructor commands: 
 
 i. Present. 2. FLAGS. 
 Carry the flag with the right hand in 
 front of the center of the body, at the 
 same time grasp the stick with the left 
 hand near the lower band, the forearm 
 horizontal and resting against the body. 
 
 I. Carry. 2. FLAGS. 
 Resume the carry with the right hand. 
 (Two.) Drop the left hand by the side. 
 Being at a carry, the instructor com- 
 mands: 
 
 i. Support. 2. FLAGS. 
 Carry the flag in front of the center of 
 the body, grasp the stick with the left 
 
 (PRESENT.)
 
 32 
 
 FLAG MANUAL. 
 
 hand about midway between the up- 
 per and the lower band, and raise this 
 hand to the height of the chin; at the 
 'same time grasp the handle with the 
 right. (Two.) Carry the flag oppo- 
 site the left shoulder, pass the left 
 forearm over the right hand, and ex- 
 tended horizontally to the right, the 
 wrist straight. (Three.) Drop the 
 right hand by the side. 
 
 I. Carry. 2. FLAGS. 
 Grasp the flag with the right hand 
 at the handle under and against the 
 
 (SUPPORT.) left forearm, and carry it in front of 
 
 the center of the body. (Two.) Resume the carry 
 with the right hand. (Three.) Drop the left hand 
 by the side. 
 
 Being at a carry, at a halt, the instructor com- 
 mands: i. Order. 2. FLAGS. 
 
 Grasp the flag with the left hand, 
 the forearm horizontal, let go with the 
 right hand v lower the flag quickly with 
 the left, regrasping it with the right 
 above the lower band, the hand near 
 the thigh, the butt about three inches 
 from the ground, the left hand steady- 
 ing the flag near the right, the fingers 
 extended and joined. (Two.) Lower 
 the flag to the ground with the right 
 hand, drop the left by the side the 
 right arm hanging naturallv. elbow (ORDER.)
 
 FLAG MANUAL. 
 
 33 
 
 close to the body, back of the hand to the right, fingers 
 extended and joined, the stick between the thumb 
 and forefinger and vertical, butt near the right foot, 
 i. Carry. 2. FLAGS. 
 
 Raise the flag vertically with the right 
 hand, at the same time seize it with the 
 left above the right, resume the carry 
 'with the right hand. (Two.) Drop the 
 left hand. 
 
 Being at order flags, the instructor 
 commands: 
 
 1. Parade. 2. REST. 
 
 At the command rest, carry the point 
 |*~ in front of the center of the body, grasp 
 (PARADE REST.; the stick with the left hand at the upper 
 band, and with the right hand under and against the 
 left; carry the right foot three inches straight to the 
 rear. i. Company. 2. ATTENTION. 
 
 Resume the order. 
 Being at a carry, the instructor commands: 
 
 i. Trail. 2. FLAGS. 
 Same as first motion of order flags. 
 (Two.) Incline the point slightly to 
 to the front, butt to the rear; drop the 
 left hand by the side. 
 
 I. Carry. 2. FLAGS. 
 
 At the command carry, bring the 
 flag to a vertical position with the right 
 hand; at the command flags, execute 
 what is prescribed for the carry, from 
 the position of order flags. (TAIL.)
 
 34 
 
 FLAG MANUAL. 
 
 Being at a carry, at a halt, the instructor com- 
 mands: i. Charge. 2. FLAGS. 
 
 Execute the first motion 
 of about face, left knee 
 slightly bent, drop the flag 
 into the left hand, near the 
 lower band, elbow against 
 the body, point at the 
 height of the chin, right 
 hand grasping the handle, 
 supporting it firmly against 
 the right hip, the body 
 inclining slightly forward. 
 Carry. 2. FLAGS. 
 Resume the carry with the right hand, at the 
 same time facing to the front. (Two.) Drop the left 
 hand. Being at a carry ', the instructor commands: 
 
 i. Right Shoulder. 2. FLAGS. 
 Raise the stick vertically with the 
 right hand, grasp it with the left hand 
 at the lower band, raise this hand till 
 it is at the height of the chin; at the 
 same time embrace the butt with the 
 right hand. (Two.) Raise the flag 
 and place it on the right shoulder, the 
 point elevated and inclined to the left;, 
 slip the left hand down to the lower 
 band. (Three.) Drop the left hand. 
 
 I. Carry. 2. FLAGS. 
 Carry the butt slightly to the left, 
 and lower the flag with the right hand; 
 grasp it with the left at the lower band, 
 hand at the height of the chin, stick (RIGHT SHOULDER.)
 
 FLAG MANUAL. 
 
 35 
 
 vertical. (Two.) Resume the carry with the right 
 hand. (Three.) Drop the left hand. 
 
 Being at a carry, at a halt, the instructor com- 
 mands: I. Port. 2. FLAGS. 
 
 Throw the flag diagonally across the body; grasp 
 it smartly at the same instant with both hands, 
 right at the handle, and close to the body, left near 
 the upper band, the stick sloping 
 upward, and crossing opposite the 
 point of the left shoulder. The 
 palm of the right hand is above, 
 and that of the left under the 
 flag, the nails of both hands next 
 the body, to which the elbows 
 are closed. 
 
 i. Carry. 2. FLAGS. 
 
 Resume the carry with the 
 right hand. (Two.) Drop the left 
 (PORT>) hand by the side. 
 
 I. Knapsack. 2, REST. 
 
 Being at a right shoul- 
 der, lower the point over 
 back of the head, and 
 grasp the stick at the 
 upper band with the left 
 hand, and lower band 
 with the right hand, 
 palm of the hands to the 
 front. 
 
 (KNAPSACK REST.)
 
 36 
 
 FLAG MANUAL. 
 
 1. Inspection. 2. FLAGS. 
 
 Being at a carry, to cause an inspec- 
 tion of flags, the instructor commands: 
 
 i. Inspection. 2. FLAGS. 
 
 At which command toss the flag 
 with the right hand, opposite the left 
 eye, catching it with the left hand 
 near the lower band, the hand at the 
 right of the chin. 
 
 i. Carry. 2. FLAGS. 
 
 Lower the flag with left hand, grasp 
 it with the right hand at the handle, 
 and steady it with the left hand at the 
 height of the shoulder. (Two.) Drop 
 the left hand by the side. 
 
 INSPECTION.) i . Sergeants. 2. SALUTE. 
 
 Being at a carry, raise the left 
 hand and arm horizontally to the 
 front, palm of the hand down, the 
 fingers extended. (Two.) Bend the 
 left elbow, carrying the hand around' 
 till the fore-finger strikes the stick 
 in the hollow of the right shoulder. 
 (Three.) Return to the position of 
 the first motion. (Four.) Drop the 
 left hand by the side. 
 
 SKIRMISH DRILL. 
 
 In skirmish lines, the post of the 
 captain is about ten yards in rear of (s 
 the center of line; the right and left guides are five
 
 FLAG MANUAL. 
 
 37 
 
 yards in rear of the right and left files, respectively. 
 In the rallies, the captain and guides take post 
 inside the nearest circle. 
 
 The flags are carried in any position desired while 
 on the skirmish line. 
 
 Being in line, at a halt, the captain commands: 
 
 I. As skirmishers. 2. By the right (or lejf) flank ^ 
 
 take intervals. 3. MARCH. 4. Skirmishers. 
 
 5. HALT. 
 
 At the second command, all face to the right; at 
 the command March, number one on the right steps 
 off and marches in prolongation of the former front 
 of the company; the files follow successively at the 
 distance of one yard, and the movement is continued 
 until there is an interval of one yard between con- 
 secutive skirmishers. At the fifth command, all 
 halt and face to the front. 
 
 Being in skirmish line, at a halt, the captain com- 
 mands: 
 
 i. Rally by Fours. 2. MARCH. 
 
 (RALLY BY FOURS.)
 
 38 FLAG MANUAL. 
 
 At the second command, the skirmishers of each 
 four place themselves in a circle forming upon the 
 right of the left skirmisher of that four, and charge 
 flags. 
 
 i. Rally by Company. 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the second command, all the skirmishers rally 
 on the center skirmisher who stands still, those to 
 the right forming a semi-circle to the right and rear, 
 those to the left complete the circle by forming a 
 semi-circle to the left and rear, and all charge flags. 
 
 All rallies are made at ;i run. 
 
 Being in circles, the captain commands: 
 
 i. Deploy. 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the command March, the skirmishers resume 
 their places on the skirmish line, at one yard inter- 
 vals. 
 
 All deployments are made at a run. 
 
 Being in skirmish line, at a halt, the captain com- 
 mands: 
 
 1. Assemble on right (or left, or center] skirmisher. 
 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the second command, the designated skir- 
 misher stands fast and comes to a support; the other 
 skirmishers face toward the designated one, close 
 in, face to the front, and come to a support. 
 
 Being in skirmish line, many movements pre- 
 viously explained may be executed, such as moving 
 forward, to the rear, by the flank wheelings, column 
 right or left, etc.
 
 OUR FLAG. 
 
 (To be spoken by boys or girls carrying United States flags 
 which they wave from time to time.) 
 
 First boy. 
 
 Hurrah, for our flag! 
 
 Our beautiful flag! 
 Our glory and also our boast, 
 
 Its colors so true, 
 
 The red, white, and blue. 
 Have marshaled many a host. 
 
 Second boy. 
 
 Hurrah, for its stripes! 
 
 Its thirteen gay stripes ! 
 And the States those stripes represent. 
 
 The colonies strong, 
 
 That brooked not a wrong, 
 Nor injustice bore with content. 
 
 Third boy. 
 
 "Give us our rights 
 
 Our colonial rights 
 Nor tax us without our consent," 
 
 To Old England they said, 
 
 Nor were they afraid 
 To fight, when they found war was meant. 
 
 Fourth boy. 
 
 Yes, hurrah for each stripe. 
 
 Each red and white stripe ! 
 And hurrah for the union of blue! 
 
 With its forty-one stars, 
 
 Surmounting the bars 
 Each star for a State ever true ! 
 
 AO. 
 
 O, our hearts swell with pride, 
 
 With the patriot's pride, 
 When our ensign appears to our view, 
 
 With its wonderful bars 
 
 And silvery stars, 
 Besprinkling the dark field of blue. 
 
 Then join voices, boys, 
 
 And give three hurrahs 
 For our star-spangled banner so dear. 
 
 All ready? Hurrah! 
 
 Hurrah and hurrali! 
 And now for one other last cheer. 
 
 (Wave flags and hurrah.) 
 
 From Young Folk's Entertainments, by permission of Peun Publishing 
 Co., Philadelphia.
 
 THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER. 
 
 Oh! say, can you see, by the dawn's early light, 
 What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming, 
 
 Whose broad stripes and bright stars thro' the perilous fight, 
 O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming? 
 
 And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air, 
 Gave proof through the night that our Flag was still there. 
 
 CHORUS Oh! say, does that Star- Spangled Banner yet wave, 
 
 O'er the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave! 
 
 On the shore dimly seen thro' the mists of *e deep, 
 Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes. 
 
 What Is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, 
 As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses? 
 
 Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, 
 In full glory reflected, now fohines on the stream. 
 
 CHORUS Tis the Star- Spangled Banner! oh! long may it wave, 
 O'er the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave! 
 
 Now where is that band who so vauntingly swore, 
 That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion, 
 
 A home and a country should leave us no more? 
 Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution. 
 
 No refuge could save the hireling and slave 
 From the terror of flight or the gloom of the grave. 
 
 CHORUS But the Star- Spangled Banner in triumph doth wave, 
 O'er the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave! 
 
 Oh! thus be it ever when freemen shall stand 
 Between their loved home and the war's desolation : 
 
 Blest with yict'ry and peace, may our heav'n rescued land 
 Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation! 
 
 Then conquer we must when our cause it is just, 
 And this be our motto, "In God is our trust!" 
 
 CHORUS And the Star- Spangled Banner In triumph shall wave, 
 O'er the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave!
 
 *OR QLO-TINQ EXERQI/EJ 
 
 SPECIALTIES. 
 
 :OMMENCEMENT PROGRAMS, 
 
 We have a fine lot -new designs. Their equal 
 
 in not lie had in :i for anywhere near the money. See 
 
 ur sample's. For fifty cents, a package of twenty san 
 nt yon to select from. Return tlitse in good condi 
 .ml the 50 cents will be refunded you whether yuii buy 
 not. 
 
 IPLOMAS. 
 
 We carry a large line of Diplomas. Samples sent mi 
 quest. Our Diploma Book is something new. Jt ii 
 ited send for it. 
 
 OMMENCEMENT SONGS. 
 
 A collection of thirty Songs prepared expressly !<>i com 
 nient Exercises in Schools, consisting of Quartets for in; 
 
 id male voices. Duets, Trios and Quartets for l;i 
 
 .horuses, etc. Price 50 cents. 
 
 GDEN'S MODELSPEECHES FOR ALL OCCASIONS. 
 
 Contains over 100 speeches and replies in well cl; 
 , and every variety of style for School Jeremoniai- 
 (1 Dedicating new schools, addresses to teachers, Salutatory 
 
 i-s, presentations, annivc: 
 iclucling many valuable hints. Price 50 cents. 
 
 "IPLOMA OF HONOR. 
 
 Is a neat little memento to be given for Attendance, De- 
 Drtment :uul Recitations in all grades of Schools Prio 
 Sample Free. 
 
 ORTRAITS OF NOTED MEN. 
 
 Many teachers are now closing their schools with Sp 
 
 and the han> framed pictn: 
 
 :n or poet. 
 ire cheap 
 
 BREAKER'S DIALOGUES, CANTATAS, MUSICAL ENTER- 
 TAINMENTS, DRII,!, BOOKS, ETC., ARE CARRIED IN 
 vRGE VARIETY. WE SUPPLY ANYTHING PUB- 
 LISHED IN THIS LINE. 
 
 A. FLANAGAN, CHICAGO.
 
 -g 
 
 w 
 
 'MO IP ' 
 
 * IF 80, * * * 
 IMNTYOURORW* 
 IHEffi GOODS - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 All PROGK. my Catalog 
 
 refer to it Daily. It is the Most Complete in it 
 issued. Sent FREE. Do not Delay. 
 
 fl. FUflNflOflN.262WflBflSH flVE., GHIGflGO. 

 
 Santa Barbara 
 
 Series 9482