of Th A grit u I fu|e U N I VERS II Y OF C A LI FOR N ENERALIZED SOIL MAP OF CALIFORNIA R. EARL STORIE WALTER W. WEIR CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURAL E x peri m e fi t S t q t i o n Extens j o n S e r y i c e MANUAL 6 NERALIZED MAP CALIFORNIA R. EARL STORIE WALTER W. WEIR UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE Agricultural Experiment Station and Extension Service THIS MANUAL is one of a series published by the University of California College of Agriculture and sold for a charge which is based upon returning only a portion of the pro- duction cost. By this means it is possible to make available publications which, due to relatively high cost of production, or limited audience, would otherwise be beyond the scope of the College publishing program. CONTENTS VALLEY LAND (alluvial flood plain or alluvial fan soils) 2 As — deep alluvial fan and flood plain soils in higher rainfall zone ... 2 An — deep alluvial fan and flood plain soils in intermediate rainfall zone . 4 Ang — deep alluvial fan soils of very sandy or very gravelly texture . . 8 Ac — alluvial fan and flood plain soils of desert region 10 VALLEY LAND (aeolian or wind modified sandy soils) 12 Asnw — sandy, wind modified soils of intermediate rainfall zone ... 12 Acw — sandy, wind modified soils of low rainfall zone 12 VALLEY BASIN LAND (nearly flat topography) 16 Ba — organic soils 16 Bnc — imperfectly drained basin soils 18 Bck — saline and alkali soils 18 TERRACE LAND (gently sloping to undulating) 21 Csm — dark-colored, slightly-to-moderately acid soils with moderately dense subsoils 24 Cnm — moderately dense subsoils with brownish soils of neutral reaction . 24 Ccy — desert soils 28 Cand — with dense clay subsoils 30 Canh — with red-iron hardpan soils 30 UPLAND (rolling, hilly-to-steep topography) 37 Ea — acid residual soils of good depth to bedrock; high rainfall; timber- land soil 37 Esc — residual soils of moderate depth to bedrock; medium rainfall; grassland soils 40 En — residual soils of medium to fairly shallow depth to bedrock; inter- mediate-to-low rainfall 43 Ex — residual soils of very shallow depth to bedrock 46 UNMAPPED DESERT SOILS 46 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 52 I HE MAP, which presents four major topog- raphic divisions that are separated into 18 mapping categories and an unmapped south- eastern desert region, will be found in the pocket on the inside back cover. Additional copies of this map may be obtained for 25 cents each from: AGRICULTURAL PUBLICATIONS 22 Giannini Hall University of California Berkeley 4, California THE AUTHORS R. Earl Storie is Lecturer in Soil Technology and Soil Technologist, Experiment Station. Walter W. Weir is Drainage Engineer, Department of Soils. GENERALIZED SOIL MAP OF CALIFORNIA R. EARL STORIE WALTER W. WEIR JLhe generalized soil map of Cali- fornia is intended to depict, in a general way, the soil geography of California. The map shows four major topographic divisions that are separated into 18 map- ping categories and an unmapped south- eastern desert region. Following this de- scription, a table separates each category into one or more Great Soil Groups of the World, then separates the Great Soil Groups into Series-Groups, and the Series-Groups into Soil Series. Dominant soil textures are listed for each series. There are six categories of valley land, four of which contain alluvial fan and flood plain soils, and two, wind modified soils. The alluvial fan and flood plain soils comprise about 9,700,000 acres of the best agricultural land of the state. There are about 1,200,000 acres of wind modified soils. Valley basin land contains three of the major categories, one of which includes the organic soils (300,000 acres), an- other the imperfectly drained basin soils of the great valley trough (2,500,000 acres) , and the third the saline and alka- line soils (2,800,000 acres) . The terrace land includes five of the major categories totaling 7,400,000 acres, of which 1,900,000 acres are hardpan soils, and 1,100,000 are claypan soils. There are four major categories of up- land soils, with a total area of about 54,- 100,000 acres. These include 20,500,000 acres of Podzolic timberland soils; 4,800,000 acres of Prairie, Chernozem, and Rendzina grassland soils; 15,300,000 acres of Noncalcic Brown woodland- grass soils; and 13,500,000 acres of shallow or very shallow soils classed as lithosols. Each of the 18 major categories, as well as the unmapped desert, is rated on its general land-use suitability for com- mercial timber, grazing, nonirrigated field and truck crops, and irrigated field and truck crops. The best land use for each category is also listed. On the map, physiographic features are shown in colors: valley lands are yellow; valley basin lands, green; terrace or bench lands, blue; hilly or steep up- lands, red; unmapped desert, uncolored. Secondary soils (those deposited by water or wind) are indicated by symbols A, B, and C; and the residual or primary soils by symbol E. Although the desert is largely unmapped, the probable domi- nant soil conditions are indicated on the map legend. In using this generalized map, it must be kept in mind that its scale imposes certain limitations on its use; therefore, the map is not intended for detailed land planning purposes. (Soil surveys suitable for more detailed use have been made for much of California.*) Areas of less than 4,000 acres could not be shown on a map of this scale. In many instances, complex soil conditions are included with adjacent soil groups of somewhat dissimilar na- ture. * List of soil surveys in California, 1951, is available from the Department of Soils, Univer- sity of California, Berkeley. [i] VALLEY LAND (Alluvial flood plain or alluvial fan soils; gently sloping, smooth topography) This valley-land category, which in- cludes the best all-purpose agricultural soils of the state, contains the gently sloping, well-drained alluvial flood plain or alluvial fan soils. Four groups are shown on the generalized soil map: As (high rainfall), An (medium rainfall), Ang (sandy and gravelly), and Ac (desert). As Deep alluvial fan and flood plain soils of slightly acid reaction occurring in higher rainfall zone These soils occupy the valleys in the higher rainfall zone. They are generally dark colored and are high in organic matter. The Soquel and Ferndale soils in Humboldt, Mendocino, Sonoma, San Mateo, and Santa Cruz counties have produced some of the state's best stands of redwood. Cleared areas of these soils, drained and fertilized, are productive when planted to such crops as bush berries, strawberries, vegetables, and apples. These soils occur under climatic conditions that make them desirable for small home farms. Soils of this group are classified and tabulated in table 1. A typical landscape on Soquel loam in Santa Cruz County appears in figure 1; and a profile of Soquel loam, in figure 2. Fig. 1. Bush berries on Soquel loam in Santa Cruz County, a typical landscape of group As. timbered upland above the valley is classed as group Ea. The [2] FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California - Division of .Soils SpfF*H ocation Sxan-fw-Q Cru.-^ (L&u.'n.Yui pngrnphirnl I nnrisrnpp ^gn^^ sloptn.^ 4tffu.*i4.( •$■«■ levation SQ-loo' Slope jr* - P£fl f Erosion Kaon .Alkal Hon q I £>eGii~t«.n-TCu>u i-ocK. g.l(uyiuin^ erc-ha/' ds , ~/~*~ucKL drops Natural Covpr i/r^b^r* Present Use Series -Group 4&- Ct>rr*IU-*KS Soil Region .X" , -ZT Profile Group__X ^ w / Great Soil Group ATggj fi//u*'i«l Related Soil Series (Zorrcx P/T rrexi it os. Variations, etc. sir^i'-f'^ ^W< Profile Sketch Color Texture Structure Compact- ness Density Reaction Miscellaneous Roots, Concretions Permeability, etc. 12 24 36 48 60 I rV-« cUrKL \oarry fr!A,k ? CarKL Qr©*o« ish T*3 'Oarr\ •i-fiAblt txz-ri .u Natural^ 1 and Division a/fWi-J ■£ *i ; m^"<"\ -ftxT^re ^ f""^ Soil Ratirlq (Storfp InrW) ) * I »* I X I *0 X I +0 -= /gP^fl firnriP ,/ Productivity: Irrigated Crops V^ r Nonirrigated Crops Adaptation frt^tn^ &r»M$ } AgpU^ } b*Jy berries, } jrueK. c^cy . Soil Mnnngpmpnt ? pi55S ffi^/n, . oygr-^/oW 5-^ Range ^ood. Timhpr V^>| ^ood. P Fig. 2. Soil description and profile of Soquel loam, a typical soil of group As. This form is useful in reporting and showing the characteristics of a soil by horizons. [3 .3 X OS .5* £ § O N «n _ c "5 o^ a. '5 O i- .2.2 8 C g> lb c .2 5 2 O < e si as ■a S £ Si S 2^s g o o II 1 An Deep alluvial fan and flood plain soils occurring in intermediate rainfall zone These soils occupy the valley land in the intermediate rainfall zone (10 to 20 inches annually), and generally are of various shades of brown. They represent the most important agricultural group of soils in California, and are highly valued for such irrigated crops as alfalfa, apri- cots, carrots, corn, lettuce, peaches, po- tatoes, sugar beets, and walnuts. Where climatic conditions are suitable they rate high for avocados, citrus fruits, cotton, and grapes. The soils of this group are found where the rainfall is too low for timber production. These soils have a top Storie-Index rating (90 to 100 per cent*). Large areas occur in the Sacramento, Santa Clara, Salinas, Santa Maria, and Santa Ynez valleys, in the central and northern San Joaquin Valley and in the valleys of southern California. Soils of this group are classified and tabulated in table 2. A typical soil of this group, Yolo loam, is illustrated in figure 3. Figure 4 is a profile of Yolo loam; figure 5 is of Sorrento soil, also typical of Group An. * Storie, R. Earl. Revision of the Soil Rating Chart. California Agr. Exp. Sta., 1944. (Litho.) Fig. 3. Prune orchard on Yolo loam (group An) in Santa Clara Valley. [4] FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No. An Yolo I oan\ rr~« fll'IfMf +4/t5 Soil Type Location 5oU»to g-d Y olo c©w»Tie-i Geographical I nnrisrnpe ^ en ^*1 ^ c v FlPvntinn 50 - 3oo' Slope ~k' tk ±_3k Erosion Groundwater H° ~ t c'»»»< »rh*r^ rocK" alluvium* Climate >^~ ? s " rai'nf*rfl no*?c_ none ^r Natural r.nver oa K ~^*'^-^f Series - Group 3G - Vo'c Profile Group JZT _ Related Soil Series_ Present Use rr\ on*j crop 3> Soil Region JZ' l 'Jf l 3Zl£ Great Soil Group A/oio»fcic Brou*n ftlluv'taj Variations, etc. 3TK*^rV /?« e pro -T> /e Profile Sketch Color Texture Structure Compact- ness Density Reaction Miscellaneous Roots, Concretions Permeability, etc. brow*) }oan\ 3off e/ocU ~j-ri<*-U*- n ■fri<*kl<. neu4ra( E>ci-m^a.t>l<- 48"_ " • 60" m Natural Land Division a.( fur <*/-£**. w'iS) >n\eo,ts deep p€r**\Zjabf<. Sup^o'if^ Z2 tLL latino; (S Soil Rbting; (Storie inriPx ) 100 x /re x fro x f»o =» Productivity: Irrigated Crops V*ru <*ood Nonirrigated Crops- > X) S3 2i o = T5 .£ R S3 .S3 a, > a a) a, O c* . ~ o, 2 53 £3 =3 bo O as O •" 53 J3 >» I- g "- CO l-i .2 o S O bo bo a 02 S3 0) S3 «_ S3 O O e8 a) S3 s-, n S3 ■3< .2? > X M CO .© R 2 • .S Pi +3 eg O O O eg ,3 o e3 eo Q W f* N N o 8 8 •o H c« fi c3 a» < tt M ri a> 'O 111 O a> eS O &4 tf >» > I ©IS > O > e8 ^h «« £ * o § s i < o § T3 1 >» bo j9 CO d S •2 eg eo 3 Fig. 5. Ground prepared for growing truck crops on Sorrento soils, typical of group An. Ang Deep alluvial fan soils of very sandy or very gravelly texture The Tujunga soils occupy very recent deposits of sandy, gravelly, or stony ma- terial and occur principally in Los An- geles, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties. These "raw" alluvial soils are derived from granitic material. They are of very low value for agricultural pur- poses and, because of their extremely coarse texture, have a low Storie-Index rating (10 to 30 per cent) . Deep alluvial fan soils of very sandy or very gravelly texture are classified in table 3. A profile of Tujunga gravelly sand is shown in figure 6. TABLE 3 — Ang Deep Alluvial Fan Soils of Very Sandy or Very Gravelly Texture Great Soil Group of World Series-Group Soil series Dominant Name Description Name Parent material soil textures Noncalcic Brown Alluvial very coarse-tex- tured neutral soils 14. Tujunga granitic rock alluvium Tujunga stony sand; gravelly sand [8] FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No. ^12 7ZJ" ncicLs c; rva. verity iafl r^ iL Soil Type _ Location ggu^Wg CZfifom Geographical I ondsrnpp VggH reg-e/in* cWos'.fcci a>luyrt_ Mode of Formotion -S fcxu»*i c/q — j Parent Material ^ r ^ n A^ roJC a^**^' u ^ ff- go" r*\n~£JH Climate -_ _^ ,, . Natural Cover^ Present Use restdeo-t.^ i Series- Group >ffc - "H* ]«**i ft>/u*.qj Related Soil Series H<*n-ford Variations, etc. ■&■ I <^or\T~e.nOC Profile Sketch Color Texture Structure Compact- ness Density Reaction Miscellaneous Roots, Concretions Permeability, etc. Oy^~'o .1 I2"_ " O ', '■ " - '• • 24"_ P>' »/ C 36"_ o» 48'L 60" . ..'0 «. •;; qrwve/f«. ,/c -J^i-Bl* Kieu"T>-tt.( T~*y Course -fr,*J>U net* 4r-c/ \/« KolJl I A C*3_p«-CjTC| Natural Land Division v<^*i co<3r5a*d pUs, Soil Management Timber__!2°- 3^ pKQ-hc&'-l -fr-ot^* OVCt~f/ou) j YVr4i'/.Va.'f/»n ; irr»*j*fi Fig. 6. Soil description and profile of Tujunga gravelly sand, a typical soil of group Ang. [9] CO en 3£ a CO IS if eg >> CO S-t S3 CO OS CO T3 o3 co 3 1 o en c3 o Pi a3 o w s H CD ° « ■« c co 03 '8 GO s .©baa oQ,3 CO ■— i 2 am 8) a g +■ 4) in O O 3 CD cS s s o o >> ■*- VI | c CD o o 03 3 e3 si '5 V) 9 CO •pi 13 CD 1=3 T3 e«3 # c CD 't-l CD (30 a CO CO "5 02 a ■8 CO o CD r& ^ a CI o o TZ c3 55 'e? •— i TB U o ru C 8 C?s 00 tA iH lO -^ C s u. mm 8 > 3 £ ~ o < CO > CO 1— 1 O CO u c S ■g < o "cS > 3 in 03 2 O Pi 'm o CO CD Q 02 O Soil Type Location _ C?-'i(4_ fine. &<*nS*j I exam,. TJo \/erd Geographical I nndsnnpp v**^ ^Vo ' T Erosion 7 h Grnnndwatpr S'-IOO' Drainage u.s.%A.+it*j ^jood Alkali -free, -fo jsLgr Mode of Formation vStcon^r Climate ' ~ 5 " **" csonowy ^ Parent Material trnx^C r" »^i «^x i»/c_ U i?" 24. ■'■'■': \/d$- t aUf yn <*£>'<. C.a\ca* m cou^ > pe»"**t <■ « fc_ 36"_ .. ' . 48"_ 60" « Wn turnl I inn -/V* ?d jplain I &*>c Y*ee IH»* "/tX'/'ir, rd JSeJ/s ifirv * -# Soil Rq/mg fstorie Index) ' /O0 * / OP « f »0 X ^S" — *?■£ ?o ftrnde J Productivity: Irrigated Crops Verw y <3rc«/ Soil if) i*\a+\ur*.s Fig. 8. Soil description and profile of Gila fine sandy loam, a typical soil of group Ac. [ii] VALLEY LAND (Aeolian or wind modified sandy The soils in this subcategory are aeo- lian or wind modified sandy soils. They are included in two groups: Asnw (aeolian; intermediate rainfall) and Acw (aeolian; low rainfall). Asnw Sandy, wind modified soils of intermediate rainfall zone The Delhi and Atwater sands are found in Stanislaus, Merced, Madera, and Fresno counties, where the annual rain- fall is between 8 and 13 inches. These soils are light brown and about neutral in re- action. Soils of the Marina, Elkhorn, and Tangair series-groups are found closer to the seacoast where the rainfall is higher. They are more acid in reaction, and the profiles are more fully developed than those in the Delhi series-group. With irrigation, the Delhi and Atwater soils produce grapes, sweet potatoes, water- melons, alfalfa, etcetera. The soils of the Marina, Elkhorn, and Tangair groups receive sufficient winter rain to produce certain crops in fair quantity. All of these soils are subject to wind erosion, have a low water-holding capac- ity, and are somewhat deficient in plant nutrients. Their rating for natural graz- ing is fair to poor. The Storie-Index rating is fair (40 to 59 per cent). Soils of this group are classified and tabulated in table 5, and a profile of Delhi sand is shown in figure 9. Acw Sandy, wind modified soils of low rainfall zone These soils are found in the desert where the annual rainfall is to 3 inches. They are calcareous, low in organic mat- ter and in nitrogen, and have a low water- holding capacity. Extensive areas are found on the Imperial East Mesa and Imperial West Mesa in Imperial County; in the Coachella Valley, and Palo Verde Mesa in eastern Riverside County. Areas of Superstition, Acolita, Drylyn, and Orita series have been included with [12] soils) M 1! BS o_< Po n >> I'd I .2 73 CO CO 73 ■di 73 ed d eg d ca n w d w e8 CO CO CO CO OJ © 0) c N *«4 V '3 03 CO *;a <3Q 73 -** J* a CO CO CM) J3 d Oh ^ M- JC '5 ^ H tt .2 "C CO CD T3 CO CO CO H d 73 73 73 o S e3 d d d CO cc3 3 ca ^ "3 O CO CO CO P. CD Ph *d 73 73 ■d E w *■ 3 o 9 09 1 bo CO .a CO a CO 1 c » ™ 3 tfra CO. J2 '5 CD B a 3 CO e8 •S c8 d o bo § "O p § W H «# CO t> 00 (E > T3 «. a >> ce -o CO c 2 a o 73 a> cd 73 * o 8 CO o o c Q 73 (A "o fl-O 1 O *1 m l| UJ -1 CO 'o 03 O cd < CD M o is d £ o 1 PQ o fc 3* FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No. f\sr\W Soil Type ~De7Au ^>n**4',fcl ^wfrc »ll*w*m ^ Climate ?-/2" gnnug r-*Jnf»l1 Natural Cover shrubs, air* s*> Present Use ^P^^''ZfA trr\yC**4 crops. Series -Group £4 ~ 1>£l hi ~ Soil Region "3ZZn , ^SZ ' Profile Group Great Soil Group M>»i<^k«'c Bro«on Sane/ Related Soil Series Variations, etc. "to&o^r*- ■P^ t '7 Profile Sketch * vkr 4 <: v s 12". 24"_ ; • . 36"_ . ; • 48"_ 60 - . Color Texture Structure Compact- ness Density Reaction Miscellaneous Roots, Concretions Permeability, etc. k>row>\„ br"«w\ ^<*i< ,4nd -j^r^exbU- r\ c t*-fr>* f 5 iO^/<- J' -X|"l <*(?'< per I£ nd Division ijj^j »u>c*ifi'«i 3o-c(s » fl<5"-Sd Natural La Soil Rating (Storie Index) Iflox to X ft^S* X *JP « C/C/ *»T A J'-* A Y" — «-» y /■<> Q Productivity: Irrigated Crops -/^/V "f"o *yooc/ Range /flW- Nonirrigated Crops / ovu- Timher no Adaptation swe*-f po~f*-To **> } )ne'°n3> <*r*.t>ts> x a l-f*j A- , cVc tu/M /'rrka/Zon Adaptation ^ w <*t d 8 t*t q «^> , ^ e 1 ^ 3 r f f ^ > * Lfcy±g= , ^ Soil Mnnngement t?roT*clioo fN»n \o\«&^<* »»vo' Slope "sT-'S^p Frosion '-Wind J Alkali non« Slope __^2^ deep Drainage «^ «f Parent Material s>cn^^ ^)ycd a-l/^>W Elevation Groundwater Mode of Formation Seco^d*^ Climate /~ 2> " <**n"«.f »** '•»/*// Present Use £>pec\af >*■*** errors. nVrA 'irrifecfUn . Natural Cover c/estrf s.lnr^L^ Series -Group 4>5~ ~FCo.srf«uS. Soil Region -3JLC Profile Group JX" Great Soil Group "T^ed "TXsc^f" S>^*-»cf. Related Soil Series "Frcs^dn. } Styer-s-fcf >'on. Variations, etc. rjryj; Profile Sketch Color Texture Structure Compact- ness Density Reaction Miscellaneous Roots, Concretions Permeability, etc. • • : , 12"- . • % 24"_ ' ' •• 36"_ ' •- . . x 48"_ r • * '. V . ' 60" * • br»w»i^ 3 r ^ 3<*i< ^'' n< 7.' j-vatn'C' -F r i*[>U calcareous AS-gd Natural Land Division <>*n~oJ,-fVe<* 3o»'^ Soil Rating (Storie Index) fOOXfcq* 10° * 10 ~ 4-2. ?<> r irndp 3 Productivity: Irrigated Crops -fa-'ir Range fo Nonirrigated Crops h0 Adaptation ^«i*lit«d ',rri*icx4<.d. crop3 Soil Management Timber rio ^ Con4rof uj\*%J erosion. } ■Trvjucnt irrt'*«T>on* Fig. 1 1 . Soil description and profile of Rositas sand, a typical soil of group Acw. [15] VALLEY BASIN LAND (Nearly flat topography) Lands in this category, which occupy the lowest parts of the valleys, are nearly flat and usually imperfectly or poorly drained. There are three general groups of soils in this category: Ba (highly organic basin soils) ; Bnc (basin clays) ; and Bck (alkali basin soils) . Ba Organic soils These soils are dark colored and high in organic matter (10 to 80 per cent). They have been formed through the de- composition of tules and reeds, and are acid in reaction and low in bases. They are confined to one large area in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region, where the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers join. Most of these organic soils have been protected from overflow and reclaimed by an extensive system of levees. They are drained by open canals and pumps. These soils rate high for such field and vegetable crops as corn, potatoes (figure 12), onions, sugar beets, asparagus, and celery. All cultivated areas are irrigated. Soils of this group are classified and tabulated in table 7. A profile of Staten Peaty Muck is shown in figure 13. Fig. 12. The dark-colored, highly organic soils of group Ba are excellent for potato growing. c C i o p cd H 3 X CD 'o 03 01 1 Pi > 1 •S ° >?£ o\S O A CD a 55 bo O pq 80 •c ■g [16 FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No. Soil Type Location . T>*(4< SMi T^arfc. tf^cKL. >*2>t?r^\ Geographical Land sea pe__Jl«£ Jo<-?"'i C< Erosion Elevation -3- +* 5 ' Slope Groundwater 2- +• 4- Drainage poor Mode of Formation y>r-i*r,ar^~ or, r^eds iover fn/e^ re&(/s Present Use ■jT/'eM *" -fftabh ynoJern4e L act A lu,h4k ac ;d r rmz.<* *>!< darVC h>rowr\ layered •fn*e>'< Acid f*' .A/« Natural Land Division bas>^ ) aiC } m«Ji'^ ^>ci^^A ^oJ^ Jeep perm^A^e- pro>fil-e^ % poor e»iT< *? i| Q-f- «3ftcr<^Wf g/lTO S/a-f't-t Gpogrnphirnl I ondsropp ^ n<*t~fu ~fl<£kr V*#««j -fr-o^jT^ Elevation 10 -too' Slope /e(»3 jrOa [ Erosion " * FlPvntion ^~>°Q Slope /e'^3 jr/o v Erosion nor,*-. Groundwater 3*10' Drainage i»ip*r-£ecT~ fa poor Alkali niA// f/-*53 Natural Cover *^ ^ Spmps- Group 52r! 2>«era.»\*n+Q Soil Region Profile ftrnnp 77" Related Soil Series^ Prpspnt Use -fi'*)4 l<. neu-fra| 12". § r « * \ '* ~pcr**te_aDf€_ 24". 36"_ 48"_ 60" 5™3 e\<^ Crlodou CottxpacX Calcareous p«r»nt!.e__ Natural Land Division b*.sin l***.H fih< -f^yf-uned ^»j js TasuaIIu ytxo^r^dbtLs ^ Range J o t< ^ Adaptation Soil Management Nonirrigated r.mp* •f~''~ ffl ^<»ec/ fe^ Timber pro+tction -front vtr J*Uu) , c*ra?*w»g< Fig. 15. Soil description and profile of Sacramento clay, a typical soil of group Bnc. [19] g MOOWPh II s © g® OS rj TO 4) 'o-'SJa 2T..2.S »© «? >» bc.2 ««c«-t,f(«p!dd >»2 o If 3 CD ooogd T3 3 .11 »- el 3 § d t5 5 cf£ v S n "Six CO Is ° d it gs T3 ec5 1* In 0) s ° Eh ' " cd ci s § > CD C Pi £3 CD Xi O c9 t> 05 co CO 2 • r* CD ^ O *>%'& m o 5 cc? © CD >»^ e8 eS-S "S CD O .2 w H d 43 £ o3 S ^2* c s CD Ih CD 1 enbod alcic B hernoz rairie) cdOOPl* F the play as of the Mojave Desert Region. A considerable acreage of saline soils is associated with the soils in the Imperial and Palo Verde valleys of Imperial and Riverside counties. The scale of the map does not permit showing all of the areas where this complex is found. The Storie-Index rating of unreclaimed saline and alkali soils is 2 to 20 per cent. Soils of this group are classified in table 9. A landscape showing high salt concentration appears in figure 16; and a profile of Fresno fine sandy loam in figure 17. TERRACE LAND (Gently sloping to undulating) The soils of the terrace land category are found along the edges of the valleys, usually at elevations of 5 to 100 feet above the valley lands. In this generalized classification, Terrace Land includes both low and high terraces. These two types of terraces have been described sepa- rately in many publications. The soils included in the terrace group consist of older secondary deposits or old valley- filling material that has moderately dense subsoils, those having dense clay subsoils, and those having lime or iron hardpan subsoil layers. There are five Fig. 16. Landscape of Fresno fine sandy loam (group Bck) south of Kerman, Fresno County, showing high salt concentration. [21] a II o ee ,0 w 3* -"2 * * 9 2 £1-3 8 ofl-C^S ©J4 o a) © •0 is I* o OS o 21 « ©.g« af e3 ;3 O M O 33 » eS ■s| ^?44 > X •i-H s 1 w 3 0^5 en O m So 3* M o * -0 %* "° a> So art •3 ° 8 N 03=3 *-- -0 ra ► £.3 07J o 3 03 "& It 5S 5.0 to O O) OS 2-0 M "3 o §1 Soil Type Location FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils hrtsno -fm<- .^xandL 7 oa—^ .STfo**«j <*.{Kj*.u No, BcK Location £>**ds Prpspnt Use p^j-ur- Series - Group 23- Fre-s-np Profile Group 3T Soil Region -7X. Great Soil Group Calcic 3r»««"t SofeocAo^C Related Soil Series ~\Ar«a.«* tCeiy^. . Ton 4 c*nf3 -2 i«j A.qnck>«^ Soil Rating ( StoriP^nrlPx ) 4Q x IQV X 1*0X10 Productivity: Irrigated Crops ver loto _Range .Grade. Timber, Nonirrigated Crops zl±. Adaptation J>*3.4«rt. o£ a-\K*li r*s>*s4»nt <*rAs3<* ««*-» t*+«e- *«3 /\<^dp «^ Fig. 1 7. Soil description and profile of Fresno fine sandy loam, a typical soil of group Bck. [23] general groups: Csm (dark-colored, moderately dense subsoil) ; Cnm (brown- ish, moderately dense subsoil) ; Ccy (desert) ; Cand (dense clay subsoils) ; and Canh (red-iron hardpan). Csm Terrace land having dark- colored, slightly to moderately acid soils with moderately dense subsoils These soils occur where the rainfall is between 15 and 40 inches annually, with cool, wet winters and temperate, dry sum- mers. Narrow strips border the coast from Del Norte County to San Luis Obispo County. Many of these areas are too small to be delineated on the general- ized soil map and are included with asso- ciated claypan soils (Cand). This group is classed as Prairie soils because of the grass vegetation, dark color, and other profile characteristics normally associated with Prairie soils. The soils have a high value for natural grazing and for certain vegetables that thrive close to the ocean. Phosphate fer- tilization is generally needed to maintain good yields. The Storie-Index rating of these soils is generally 60 to 80 per cent. Soils of this group are classified and tabulated in table 10, and a profile of Rohnerville clay loam is shown in figure 18. Cnm Terrace land having moder- ately dense subsoils, usually with brownish soils of neutral reaction The soils of this group occupy low terrace positions in the intermediate rainfall zone (10 to 20 inches annually) . The native cover is grass or woodland grass. The Noncalcic Brown soils in this group are brownish and neutral in re- action, whereas the Chernozem, which are included, are dark gray, of clay tex- ture, and have calcareous subsoils. With irrigation, the soils have a fair- to-good agricultural rating. For grazing, the Noncalcic Brown soils are of fair quality, whereas the Chernozem soils are o +■ o o O 2 .c J2 V y o * >. O 1-8 > o Si SJ 9 o2 J! H s 3 § CO j> O g V > fee < e .3 1 & s ■3 -2 o 2 O w *■ e £•3 o M V a t3 o [24] FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No Cs rr\ Soil Type Location . <£>an 7^ — ^ — ; — ==* i — n «»^fi- , ~Ebzsli oc<oiVi >«*rh*l -fe/ Erosion tU Groundwater. '-P- Drainage £>ub&ur-f*<.r- s>lou> ™~\ r^Xi^iy -A ^ ft Series- Group Profile Group -2l£. Related Soil Series _ rer <5r**> up E0~~7r»l*nerwlU Soil Region _ Great Soil Group Variations, etc. OC /ft-fA OT da^/C 5urf< Profile Sketch Color Texture Structure Compact- ness Density Reaction Miscellaneous Roots, Concretions Permeability, etc. V /oa»n <»r****-l<*r~ ~fri*l>l<. y* •ccn»7c'«f 12". » « . 24"_ 36'L 4R" ." * o fc>now>»\ C focMt* £Jo**Aiy hrr»«e*i)/t» 60" *trtfftfJ »i-«xs»i*e Natural Land Division loi*>S«*ls * °*> nn.4riWf level TT2^ Soil Rating (Storie lnn>x) *)0 X 85* X )*v X *)<> - k*? *?o Grade] Productivity: Irrigated Crops J *°d Range J O0< * Nonirrigated Crop* -£*ur 4a ^o o - «° £ c o ° 8 o *• — 5 8 a. i. "8 3 u _ *l 8> O C > £ $ ° z IS X ^i « Si e3 O o3 tuo ^flfi ftoa sau e3 «s a otfra 3 $ <3 e8 8JSS|S1 tm «e o ® >>43 o 5P Pi S c6 U. m 2 £ O Jh Q, >3 eS nj O fl «« w J5 •JT'S ft 3 PQWKOPU WW a o a «e ©to a> m a> a? pq pq ffi cu fn E- H Z3 C H S-, rrt o 2 CD %£ o PAhOh C S2 g o o g CD " CO cu C .i! 3* a» n S3 CO CO *■ E 5 d i ° eg g5 .a x 2 fl s ate cm T3 > CD £ Bo 8 * good. Irrigated pasture does well on all ing of these soils is generally 60 to 80 the soils. Irrigation and nitrogen fertili- per cent. Soils of this group are classified zation are needed to produce good, sus- and tabulated in table 11, and a profile tained crop yields. The Storie-Index rat- of Ramona loam is shown in figure 19. FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No Cnm Soil Type Location . A>* »n.o r\a- locu*^ -\T<\\\*^* "ferra-ces /** Sottfiicrn % Groundwater Oj Mode Climate ^ Erosion s>r,-kt Iwnter ae^g> Drainage <=joovi of Formation ^>e.<^>ndam Parent Mater 2 - AO" * on Gary p are r a | T'c t~ocrK. utfuriu Natural Caver -sAr-ufrs,. roc^n. Related Soil Serips G-ree«-f<*IJ ^ 1*1 *&*«.+! *- Variations, etc. dgnsWq Crf 2>*\»s»)r Profile Sketch Color Texture Structure Compact- ness Density Reaction Miscellaneous Roots, Concretions Permeability, etc. bro«*»*v c/oJJi* K)«MTI*tt./ 12" • • '«! * • •"Hi. .-. "v ^ „' / pe<-m ««*?/<__ 24"_ fc>rou/#\ /o**v o/o«s» £>/<__ 36"_ hjht c/ocf.5 fviocena."fef«. Compact ^,/ouj'c* «r^«wt» 48"_ 60" fc?r*oi*"L 1 0&»y "pei"»nc<»o'<_ Natural Land Division / QXaA J*rr*ce^ yneJiu** -jt-^^rcA £>ol!± ^v/U Soil Rating (Stor/e Indpx ) %0 X . / frp V /»T X ^0 ~ 72.% GrnriP 2. Productivity: Irrigated Crops •f c,,r ' ~^ v \. *»t<3<=tS Geographical Landscape. Elevation J **> - /coo' Slope ftrnnndwnter x/gfy Jeep Drainage <^qqny Parent Material C-A»f//c. ci,~a*l-hc. r°zK- t*ll**i»*\ Natural Cnvpr de5c.rf" £>kr^k>s Present Use Series- Group 3l~ TuUc Soil Region ^2l" Profile Group__IZjr: Related Soil Series Tl*L «-c_ Great Soil Group 7T«:serf C<*Ui*ol Variations, etc. Profile Sketch Color Texture Structure Mr :leu.(t •fricblt c«/« P" ,«*(./< >-Ft. Vm* Jer*hL. ,lc»reouj> /i-mt n«ei*'< m^rlTiee 2.ft-3b f .Grade. Nonirrigated Crops Range w^ ^ ol Timber Adaptation Soil Management Fig. 20. Soil description and profile of Tijeras gravelly sandy loam, typical of group Ccy. [28] 1! OS _- S S bo § s ■ 55 % P j 2 o fl O c3 o cS :=? s S 5 s o °"> +» 5 s •g3 § > O .2 «o m a Pi a> ^ o 3 M O P w § 3 U a o eel «-« - b s a •B ~ Pi .11 O 3 w ■a 3 O a> P fli •S3 o ■a-" o +9 CO bo O be 5? 5* H ?a bo eg 2 3 ■° bo "S'S »-. "^ © to >»a o3 O a w -a ■e «» .a > ■e w o P o >>-3 and tabulated in table 12, and a profile of Tijeras gravelly sandy loam is shown in figure 20. Cand Terrace land having soils with dense clay subsoils California has a large number of clay- pan soils. With the exception of the desert region they are widely distributed in the state. These soils have medium-textured sur- face soils underlaid with very dense clay subsoils. The change from surface soil to subsoil is generally very abrupt. The brownish neutral soils having calcareous subsoils are classed as Calcic Brown Planosols and normally are found in the 6 to 12 inch rainfall zone; the dark- colored neutral soils having calcareous subsoils are classed as Chernozem Plano- sols and normally occur in the 12 to 20 inch rainfall zone; the brownish neutral soils having noncalcareous subsoils are classed as Noncalcic Brown Planosols and usually occur in the 12 to 20 inch rainfall zone; the dark-colored acid soils having slightly acid subsoils are classed as Prairie Planosols and normally occur in the 20 to 40 inch rainfall zone; and the more acid soils occurring in the highest rainfall zone are classed as Podzolic Planosols. Soils of this group are satisfactory for grasses and shallow-rooted crops. Some areas on sloping topography, especially on the higher bench positions, are badly eroded. A permanent grass cover should be maintained on such areas to prevent erosion. The Storie-Index rating in such soils is about 30 to 55 per cent. Soils of this group are classified and tabulated in table 13. A typical landscape of terrace soil with dense clay subsoil is shown in figure 21; and a profile of McClusky loam in figure 22. Canh Terrace lands having red-iron hardpan soils The red-iron hardpan soils, which are often called the "red hogwallow lands" of California, occupy bench lands along the east side of the San Joaquin and Sacra- mento valleys, and mesa lands in the vicinity of San Diego. The red-iron hard- pan soils occur in the 7 to 25 inch rain- fall zone. Fig. 21 . Typical landscape of terrace soil having dense clay subsoil (group Cand), Woodland-grass upland soils (group En) on the hills, and recent alluvial soils (group An) in valley. [30 Soil Type Location . FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils M±C(«j>K h /<,«*. No Canct tsrnpp I out c-oJsJ-«~i -frg>y< Geographical Landscape. Elevation So-t*o' Slope *jr ~ 1 0* G rou nd wa ter ___dee ; j r-A.ce^, Erosion hone, -fo .sAjAr Drainage s>n6tS"r-fticg- «s/»*0 Alkali y\ooc Mode of Formation ' aeeewjary Parent Material v^i-ve^r yn*r-l»c **Ji> Climate IS ~ 2 °" fl^V'^tf Natural Cover. \ r**5 Present Series -Group Cf^ /^^cf^fCy Soi | Region Use "pasixAKr. } -f!el4 croz tt n / H . Profile Group ZIZ Related Soil Series. -ur*A, ^oftyv/Ae. Great Soil Group T^ro'^'g Vl*.na&ol Variations, etc. dep~tk. j"c n«ao/c 24". 36". 48"_ 60" 1 — — ■ __ c/*w prtat^mOrtc Compact Ac] *r -ftrra-ce- •, An«cJ#\««n -h.-£ture<* ^ o ;f^ S"t>3oi/s u? Snil Rnting (StnriP InrW) 50 X V" / /W> Mf » V^? Productivity: Irrigated Crops -f«*r ~/<» ^»ood .Timber. 77* Soil Management. hehfe^ grasses Fig. 22. Soil description and profile of McClusky loam, a typical claypan soil of group Cand. [31] II QS o CD C! JS ft o **-* « 2. § 0)5 © 2 <» efl 0) rt O 3 co ^3 « O eel r— « ►-■». f as eel-* o g eel hp o t» gl a 4 O CS^ £'3 5 -a &i CD 3 >. u Q c '> o o o co S3 o a > || T3 eel I eS « » a s • 2 co a M 2; ea w >» CO -as o o o co ^ - 0) XI efl fl «H c ro 0> 0) T3 CD a bO £ O fl o w c« XI C o to (=1 o o "43 CO o » O O eS co CO fl ? o O cO 2° M © §1 o M o o O eo §s 55 CD CO _r* O o 5 « * ° r? o (h en £ .S .2 ,* •2 « S o fto d CD > II o5 cd £ • ~ CO 3 S» ■ 2 o w.S o « >^ i c s g o M iOtS tt ^£.2 I "3 U CD ft. 22 'o to I? •gg> H ■S3 o o ct) C CD H •h O T3 r2 if =3 CD CO 2* n Soil Type . Location g^s-T ^ice. of .S<*cr<=<— *»»7o <»«ci ^ai 3oo.j»m**t "V«"e^.s Geographical I nndsrnpp *fern*e~\f>*rfz.£f Alkali >io/?e_ Mode of Formation «s>econ*"\ f^rrasoj Related Soil Spmps M«Je.i-<<- } YeKoM Vari iations, etc. dyfA ^° h*r<£e>«n. f -f AicJCicss. of T W^ag Profile Sketch Color Texture Structure Compact- ness Density Reaction Miscellaneous Roots, Concretions Permeability, etc. I2_ 60 fed '6<*M. loAJ* )t«W«r- c-af»r u)*>e»\ toet". p« •'»♦». « '«_ r«< ''' 1 r ~u r»» «•*>»«_ «rtT«CL Kctrci r J£ML fee--' .■M pe, .ij< Natural Land Division f-grr-^^. /^»*<. C 13 Soil Rntinn (Stnrie Index) 3S X Mw* * ^ X 8o - PS % r.rnriP ^f- Productivity : Irrigated Crops ~f<* !> ~ *» ^ w Range •f 6 -''" ** J*** Nonirrigated r.rnps •£»'"■ ^ fftt» PI §° 11 P3 £ o T3 Pi e8 O O m d o ^ 3 S w rt eg 11 § 3 £ n bo n T3 c a tc 0) c *> 8 ■a 3 ^ 1 eg a s >» 3 o o -a O i w <& £> w ^ 3 M pi O Pi a? ca 3 S bo Pi I § J-i T3 i t 2 o> - « S T £ W 0} § * 6 3 M cS <» as o-d o £ go* bo bo "3 O o o Pi i£ 03 be bo d i- o I 73 FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No. ECL n oil *«o ^/cr-n^ N feeo up l<* * d Elevation 3o"<*>- ^c»o f slope P-0 -^ G070 Erosion s*»*J>er Series - Group I, Hoi/and Profile Group JOl . Related Soil Series ^>Urr*~ _ Present Use Soil Region _ rv»*g< -3ZZT. Great Soil Group Or**** V>rov»>\ Tod-z.ohl Variations, etc. QefO^rK "f"e hedr-ocJCj T^i^i Profile Sketch Color Texture Structure Compact- ness Density Reaction Miscellaneous Roots, Concretions Permeability, etc. ^ «- : A 24- y 60 v, LrOUJry ranular 5 frV-U. rr»i«*i»'« >n>t^^ loa»\ )«i-"m«c»fc»'€_ u< Natural Land Division grge 50' 'S ~U jt>*A/tcJ • h»\rv*r~ Nonirrigated Crops Adaptation Com mere ° top $^<*-\ Soil Mnnngement Care. in \o^*\i<%c To CxfriTt-of Timhpr ^food m^\ e ronton Fig. 26. Soil description and profile of Holland sandy loam, typical high rainfall timberland soil of group Ea. [39] upland timber region have been cleared and used for pasture and occasionally for orchard fruits. Cultivated areas usu- ally are erosive. These soils are not well suited to grazing. There is a wide range in the Storie- Index rating because of variability in slope, erosion, and depth. Smoother lands generally rate 40 to 60 per cent, while the steeper lands rate as low as 5 to 15 per cent. Soils of this group are classified and tabulated in table 15. Figure 25 shows pine timber on this soil group. Figure 26 is a profile of Holland sandy loam. Esc Rolling, hilly-to-steep upland having residual soils of moderate depth to bedrock; medium rainfall; grassland soils. These natural grassland soils occur where the annual rainfall is intermediate to moderately high. The soils are gen- erally dark colored, fairly high in or- ganic matter, and usually of medium-to- fine texture. The Chernozem soils have neutral surface and calcareous subsoils. The Prairie soils are slightly acid in re- action, whereas the Rendzina soils are calcareous throughout the profile. These soils are found along the coast in Sonoma, Marin, San Mateo (figure 27), and Santa Barbara counties. Much of the hill land in Alameda and Contra Costa counties also is in this category. Soils of this group constitute some of the best natural grazing lands of the state, and should be used for that purpose rather than cultivated. These lands are generally not adapted to commercial tim- ber production. The Storie-Index rating of the smoother areas is 40 to 60 per cent, while steep areas generally rate 10 to 20 per cent. Soils of this group are classified and tabulated in table 16, and a profile of Cayucos clay is shown in figure 28. m fti Fig. 27. Landscape of Cayucos clay (group Esc), good grazing-land soil of San Mateo County. [40] FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils No. £s< Soil Type Location . .-^ .Soil Region ^T T-F Great Soil Group Related Soil Series U-65> OSO^ C»/rv\^_ Variations etc. C . s>*6f>*~ Profile Sketch Color Texture Structure Compact- ness Density Reaction Miscellaneous Roots, Concretions Permeability, etc. y w a<*rK. 3 «j C^H Grander . 1?" w. >VtA#»M -a^lft.53 fOOTS 24". 3 ra 7 "<- Terf<**e^ .soils Soil Rating (Storie Inrlex ) 70 X 7Q X 10 X/*V ~ 4-*/- % Grade!? Productivity: Irrigated Crops ^006 •+& -£«\r Range ^ood Nonirrigated r.rnps ^o og ^ ^° ^"" ~ Adaptation » ^ o3 a o3 >> d • a >> >» >> o3 o3 l-H i—l O O a a 03 o3 >» o3 o3 O O "o co "o T— 1 1— 4 *« ca rt ID .2 'C e 02 1 2 M & g £.a c d J 2 d 02 T3 _, CO 3 I 5 3 1 S 5 >> £ 2 d co d P3 O l d ^ o e8 Q W ►j j w o3 2 O) >> .5 X5 03 ol 1 2 — CO CO 1 «/> |3 ca O O M CO »rt co CO O ■a si » s 8 J^ a >» ^ d -d 2 'G O M 9 "5 3 d 1 O O I H d bp 'co et3 5 >> S a « a >» o3 a ■a w cp E3 CD en bo XI C •= 03 G a* = E a. 2 Si "° a s +3 d a CD d CO d o3 o o o3 ,d £ >» >» ss < m m o3 O < .k tH 2" o ■— L. " 1 v CO (1) IS ■a S) "03 o3 C -d — *■ bo «*-( ■£ * fc d o3 CO >> 0> Q w _ c .2 .d co '0 CO ;d CO d 7.1 "0 '3 "o T3 .2* 'u 05 (0 Q w "os +» o3 3 CO rd CO hi ml CO a O d CO bp "co CO 3 V o3 < 1- O 'S 09 (!) O 1* O CO T3 O ■— 1 O O M M o3 -d i >» O bo 2 a ta s V ,d O Ph 1 N -d d V Pd En Rolling, hilly-to-steep upland having residual soils of medium to fairly shallow depth to bedrock; intermediate-to-low rainfall Soils of this group occur in the medium- to-low rainfall zone where woodland grass, shrub grass, or short grass are the characteristic vegetation. The soils are usually brown, light brown, or light gray- ish brown, and fairly low in organic mat- ter. Some of these soils are about neutral in reaction throughout their profile (Vista sandy loam) ; some have calcare- ous subsoils; and some are calcareous throughout the profile. Those having neutral profiles are classed as Noncalcic Brown soils, those having neutral surface soils and calcareous subsoils are classed as Calcic Brown soils, and those that are calcareous throughout as Rendzina. This is an extensive group in Califor- nia comprising 15,300,000 acres. Lassen soils are located in Modoc, Siskiyou, Las- sen, and Shasta counties; Vista soils in southern California and in the lower foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains along the east side of the San Joaquin Valley; and Vallecitos and related soils in the foothills west of Sacramento Val- ley and in San Benito, Santa Clara, Mon- terey, and San Luis Obispo counties. In the central and southern Coast Range Mountains and foothills many small areas of Esc are included with En. This group of soils is used principally for grazing, for which it is fairly well suited. Small nonstony areas on the smoother slopes are often tilled but are subject to considerable erosion. This type of land is not adapted to commercial tim- ber production. The Storie-Index rating on the smoother lands is 20 to 60 per cent, and on the steep stony lands is 5 to 15 per cent. Soils of this group are classified and tabulated in table 17. A landscape, typical of rolling foothills in lower Madera and Tulare counties appear in figure 29. A profile of Vista sandy loam is shown in figure 30. i^SfciiiSi^^ " ■'■ ■ ■'■ ■' , ' ■"•.■■ , ■■'■■■' • Fig. 29. Landscape of Vista sandy loam (group En), typical of rolling foothills in lower Madera and Tulare counties. [43] "5 x O & w = ll 0> > o £ I 4) Q. -5 «? o *■ = a - « 1 Q II OS o o M •^ CO CO ;p* CO o O WO ■2 O « g M M R.O. 2° '•3 s* -8 * •s.s 1'Ei H> O 2r> as « O |H oo o3 C ci> CO et? M jo 2 ° O f- o ^"3 s| co S CO >» .3 S o CO A O co '43 '3 o ? o o n n FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils Soil Type Location . VU No. <, ^>on ^ I -£pg*HV»/fc °~p ^ovrrU^rn. (Lc*)j$or*\~*^ Geographical I nndsrnpe roll?** "fo *»'^V ~i*oTa"<4 Elevation 3«T>-^goo» , slope J< 7 - .3-Q^o ' Frosion Groundwater deep Drainage jo*c 7W Alkali *o*» Mode of Formation Clim of Formation^ Parent Material. -3 r<*** \ -f »'c /"oc-ACs Natural Grwpr o«>C-yUp^_ Profile Sketch Color Texture Structure Compact- ness Density Reaction Miscellaneous Roots, Concretions Permeability, etc. 36". ' 48_ lOrovo*\ S«S\nJit 04J*\ •fr-i^bk n«t4^>->*( •aC>/* UJ. o*.*>\ /oe« {r*\ r^e«i»'c^ U al Land. Division Foiling upland ^ yrxcCi^h^ ~f-g.)c'f-<<<- e . < j 5o>/s •f £*trt*t tjoaA c/tpTh. To heJr-oaJC El I Dfie %c SF Soil Rnting ( Stofle 'rnriex ) Lfi\ 1TX 75"V /»t> ~ ±§ 7* Grade 5 Productivity: Irrigated Crops -p/*i/c Soil Mnnngpment ervrs/on g»nW ^ A/ *f*ri\hz*Xi'—i -yaHkr c&ver~ crops. Fig. 30. Soil description and profile of Vista sandy loam, typical woodland-grass, upland soil of group En. [45] Ex Residual soils of very shallow depth to bedrock The soils in this category are shallow and are found in scattered areas in the Coast Range Mountains and in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. They are normally covered with brush. The dominant soils of the group are Maymen stony loam, a Podzolic Lithosol, derived from sedi- mentary rock; Tuscan stony clay loam, a Noncalcic Brown Lithosol, derived from basic igneous rock; and Henneke stony clay loam, a Calcic Brown Lithosol de- rived from Serpentine rock. These soils are not adapted to timber nor to agricul- tural purposes because of their very shal- low depth, steep slopes, and stony tex- tures. They are rated as very low for grazing purposes. The Storie-Index rat- ing of these soils is 2 to 8 per cent. Soils of this group are classified and tabulated in table 18. A profile of May- men stony loam is shown in figure 31; and steep, brush-covered lands, in figure 33. UNMAPPED DESERT SOILS Soils of this category are found in the very low rainfall zone (1 to 3 inches an- nually) of the Mojave and Colorado des- erts. The characteristic vegetation is cre- osote bush. Alluvial soils in the region are classed as: Ac (alluvial fan and flood plain soils of desert region) ; Acw (wind modified soils) ; Ccy (terrace and old alluvial plain soils) ; and Ex (upland residual soils classed as Desert Lithosois). The soils are of light color, low organic con- tent, and high lime content. There is no agriculture without irrigation in this re- gion. Probable soils of this group are classified and tabulated in table 19. M 1 +» a> §3 >» >» g a an e9 o3 o3 o3 « s » s O O p-s >>o3 >» 03 >» >. d O p o d d W O^ Q»~* o o +» +» 4* +» CO CO CO CO W .2 '8 CD M CD -a §1 CO CO W CD " 03 Ent/2 CO CD 03 co o3 3% -* w k TJ CO o _. CO CO CO cS r* M "C o O o S ! CO S3 O o iH >» X Q. Q o. 3 © CD 3 d 0) O CD .1 o3 CO g (-1 o3 4a d CD a O Pi £ 9 'co o3 '•B co CD o M CO .Q CO CO V "5 a> x S3 >» > a c3 o3 5 g d o fc a Xi P g O O o3 bo d (A <3 < EC oi . . '5 lO * o> • 15 i f-c D CO TJ o CO "o3 =3 O *3» o3 to -Qrd co Pi o a) o3 "o3 O X r -1 w CO CO Ul 1 n .2 o to CO -P 0) O CO 'o CO CO -a 1 1* P. -as P o ,P CO CO i2 Ul ■J M Q 2 £ 1 o O O o CO CO *o xj 5p (H 'o . < o M d X5 ft CD 1 H la Is ■a a S* g 'o 5 a co p3 o3 co •p:P ? CO 043 o "ol ,d CO % >>o >> 0) ^ S >> 0) J-i o3 •- s- o3 co M CD co ,d CD O > > CO > d "o d o CO o xi I cS Oo o o fl-g 0) O +» 3 55 M o 23 So o •J o.d 03 43 s^ o •X -!-> O *» N *a g^ ^3 M T3 O o B o PL« [46] FIELD SHEET FOR RECORDING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS University of California- Division of Soils Soil Type Location n* 1 m g-rt. norfhxo?3 l Mcxlu I no. £x oatn. Location norPl ^pt^n Cp^s-7 Geographical Landscape 3rtepiij ^ /P'^tf FlPuntinn ffoo-4flOO' Slope ^b - / &0 *% n~far up I and .Erosion HjoJej^DL. +° ^e^e^e. Groundwater Mode Of Formntion Drtn\c*i~Lf Climate usua.llJ A-o- c/t Drainage eycg35>^€ runoff Alkali none _Parent Material ^edi'menTarcj rocK Natural Cover cA<*/nygg- Series - Group_ ^ - H*.^ Present Use mw U?*Ci ^c*s^c/ Profile Group V77T Related Soil Series H *& _Soil Region J- Great Soil Group "PaH\ C.fo<*/«. J^JTi uiM ^1 % b>«^-\ ,H. S.ST Natural Land Division ~^~ v ( F^ l7I ' £T Ik Soil Wing (Stork Index ) 2o X ~7Q X ?>0 X ^O = 3 ft> Productivity: Irrigated Crops. V\er\t- Nonirrigated Crops Adaptation Soil Management liTArttr^^d n o**. Grade <£_ Range v/grn /o«*> .Timber. no. Fig. 31 . Soil description and profile of Maymen stony loam, typical brushland soil of group Ex. [47] I! 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