UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE 
 
 AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 
 
 CIRCULAR 303 
 February, 1926 
 
 A PROMISING REMEDY FOR BLACK 
 MEASLES OF THE VINE 
 
 L. O. BONNET 
 
 The name "Black Measles" is one of several given to a disease or 
 a group of diseases of the vine widely distributed in the grape growing 
 districts of California and in the aggregate causing much loss to the 
 growers. Of the other names, "Black Mildew" and "Spanish 
 Measles" are the most common. 
 
 The trouble has been known in California for many years and 
 has been variously ascribed to attacks of fungous or other parasitic 
 organisms and to various soil, water and cultural conditions, or to 
 combinations of these factors. Among the causes other than para- 
 sites that have been suggested are rising water table, alkali — especially 
 common salt — in the subsoil, lack of soil moisture, and overbearing. 
 Remedies based on these suggestions such as shorter pruning, changes 
 in irrigation and drainage have been tried by grape growers and, 
 while fairly effective in some cases, they have done little or no good 
 in many. Spraying with Bordeaux has been frequently tried, but 
 the results have usually been unsatisfactory. 
 
 SYMPTOMS 
 
 The most noticeable gross symptoms of this and related vine 
 troubles are shown by the leaves, canes and fruit. The most char- 
 acteristic symptom of the form or forms known as Black Measles, and 
 that to which the name is due, is a spotting of the berries, usually 
 most noticeable at the time of ripening. The symptoms of the form 
 of Black Measles to which this circular refers are as follows: 
 
 Leaves. — The leaves show large, sinuous, dead leaf areas, sur- 
 rounded by a dark reddish margin in varieties with black fruit, and 
 with a yellowish one in those with white or red fruit. Later the dead 
 areas crack and give the leaves a ragged appearance. (Fig. 1.) The 
 
Z UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 uppermost leaves are first affected and the disease seems to progress 
 downwards. This symptom accounts for the name "Top disease" 
 used in the Santa Clara Valley. 
 
 Fig. 1. — Carignane shoot showing typical dead leaf areas. 
 
 Shoots. — Affected shoots dry up partially or entirely. In the 
 former case, the upper part turns brown, while the basal part 
 remains almost normal except dor a few reddish lines along the inter- 
 nodes. 
 
Circ. 303] 
 
 A REMEDY FOR BLACK MEASLES OF THE VINE 
 
 Fruit. — In severe eases, the attack appears in early summer and 
 the berries shrivel, turn rapidly from green to reddish brown and 
 finally dry to skin and seed. (Fig. 2.) In milder cases, the attack 
 appears later and the berries show the disease as they commence to 
 ripen. In these cases, the skin, especially of white varieties, shows 
 round, dark spots bordered by a brownish or purplish ring. (Fig. 3.) 
 
 Fig. 2. — Petite Sirah shoot almost bare of leaves with dried upper portions of 
 
 shoots and dried bunches. 
 
 OBSERVATIONS AND STUDIES IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 The similarity of these symptoms to those of a disease known in 
 France and Algeria as "Apoplexy of the vine" indicates that the 
 two diseases are probably identical. Apoplexy is generally believed 
 in France to be due to the decay of the wood of the trunk caused by 
 the attack of a wood destroying fungus obtaining access to the interior 
 of the vine through large pruning wounds or imperfect graft unions. 
 A spray containing soluble arsenic has been found very effective in 
 controlling Apoplexy in European vineyards. 
 
4 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA— EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 The trunk in over forty cases which I examined during this 
 investigation showed in the crown or head a mass of varying size 
 ot soft, spongy, yellowish, decayed wood. (Pigs. 4 and 5.) 
 
 Pig. S.-Diseaaed Ri s h Baba bund, showing spotting of berries characteristic of 
 
 Black Measles. 
 
 The .similarities suggested the use of a soluble arsenical such as 
 had given excellent results in Europe. Accordingly, in cooperation 
 with several growers and county farm advisors, the following 
 experiments were made. 
 
•CIRC. 303] A REMEDY FOR BLACK MEASLES OF THE VINE 
 
 Fig. 4. — Longitudinal section of a Sultanina trunk showing decayed wood. 
 
b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 SPRAYING EXPERIMENTS 
 
 The method of control tested was to spray or swab affected and 
 presumably susceptible vines within a short time after pruning with 
 a spray containing a soluble arsenite. 
 
 Trial 1. — This was conducted near Madison in cooperation with 
 W. D. Norton, County Farm Advisor of Yolo County, and W. A. 
 Stites, owner of the vineyard. 
 
 Fig. 5. — Longitudinal and cross section of a grafted vine with imperfect union, 
 showing decay at and above the union. 
 
 A square plot of 100 Carignane vines showing about 8 per cent 
 of affected vines was sprayed on January 23, 1924, shortly after 
 pruning, with a spray of 2 pounds sodium arsenite in 50 gallons 
 water. (See formula No. 1, p. 10.) Repeated observations during the 
 following growing season by Mr. Norton and myself failed to reveal 
 any affected vines in the sprayed area, though there were many 
 affected vines just outside the plot. 
 
ClRC. 303] A REMEDY FOR BLACK MEASLES OF THE VINE 7 
 
 After the harvest of 1924, several affected vines were marked in 
 the vicinity of the treated plot. On March 2, 1925, the plot was 
 treated again with the same spray, and also the marked vines outside 
 the plot. During the growing season of 1925, no sprayed vines showed 
 any symptoms of the disease though many were found in the 
 unsprayed portion of the vineyard. 
 
 The result then of two years' winter spraying in the Madison 
 vineyard was that in a block of 100 sprayed Carignane vines, of 
 which 8 per cent were visibly diseased before spraying, no diseased 
 vine was found during the ensuing two seasons, and that a number 
 of marked isolated diseased vines which were sprayed in 1924 showed 
 no symptoms of disease in 1925. 
 
 Trial 2. — This test was made in Vineyard No. 1 at the University 
 Farm at Davis on two rows of Dizmar and one of Muscat. The dis- 
 tribution of the diseased vines and. of the spraying is shown by the 
 following diagram. 
 
 Row 25 A Muscat 
 
 Row 24 . B D . . .- Dizmar 
 
 Row 23 C Dizmar 
 
 In 1924 three of the 48 Dizmar and one of the 24 Muscat vines A, 
 B, C, and D, showed symptoms of Black Measles. Each dot repre- 
 sents a vine and the underlining shows the vines which were treated. 
 
 The spray was applied on March 12, 1925, about a month after 
 pruning. It consisted of 3 pounds of sodium arsenite in 50 gallons 
 of water. (See formula 2, p. 10.) During the season of 1925, no new 
 cases of the disease appeared in the three rows and the vines A, B, 
 and C, which had been sprayed, appeared healthy. Vine D, however, 
 which had not been sprayed, showed the same symptoms of disease 
 that it had shown in 1924. 
 
 Trial 3. — This test was carried out by C. S. Myszka, County Farm 
 Advisor of Mendocino County, on the vineyard of Fred Waugh near 
 Ukiah. The spray solution used was made by dissolving 2% pounds 
 of white arsenic and 4% pounds of washing soda in 50 gallons of 
 water. (See formula, 3, p. 10.) The remedy was applied by 
 thoroughly swabbing the spurs, arms and trunks of a row of 32 
 Zinfandel vines, on March 12, 1925. A similar adjoining row of 32 
 vines was used as a check. Eleven diseased vines were found on the 
 untreated row in 1925, but none on the treated. 
 
 Trial 4. — This test was also carried out by C. S. Myszka, and the 
 same spray solution used. The vines were Petit Bouschet in the 
 
8 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 vineyard of J. Lee Smith in Redwood Valley. The spray was applied 
 by means of a pressure pump. On 60 sprayed vines, no case of the 
 disease occurred, while 3 occurred on 20 vines left untreated for a 
 check. 
 
 Trial 5. — Tests were made in cooperation with J. Willis Adriance, 
 County Farm Advisor of San Joaquin County, on Zinfandel vines in 
 the vineyards of E. H. Fink, Jr., of the Bruella Center, and of Charles 
 Knudsen of the Lockport Center. Vines which had been marked 
 as diseased in 1924, some having been marked also in 1923, were 
 treated in March, 1925. A sodium arsenite solution of the same 
 composition (3:50) as that used at Davis (see formula 2, p. 10) was 
 applied to the affected vines by swabbing. 
 
 During the growing season, the vines were watched until harvest, 
 but not a single treated vine in either place showed a trace of the 
 disease, while other vines in the same vinej^ards were affected 
 noticeably. 
 
 CONCLUSIONS 
 
 These observations and tests indicate strongly that the common 
 form of the "Black Measles" of the vine as this term is generally 
 applied in the Sacramento Valley and the coast region is identical or 
 very closely allied to the disease known as "Apoplexy" in European 
 vineyards, and that it responds to the arsenical spray which is the 
 most approved remedy in France and Algeria for this disease. 
 
 Until this remedy has been more generally tested in California, 
 however, it should be used experimentally, especially in regions other 
 than those where these tests were made. In some cases of disease 
 showing symptoms similar to those of Black Measles, the causes may 
 be different but the remedy should be tried. After experiments have 
 shown in any particular vineyard that the remedy is effective, it may 
 profitably be used generally in that vineyard. In making trials, 
 the use of checks is strongly urged. A suitable way of making checks 
 would be to spray alternate rows or blocks of vines in vineyards where 
 the diseased vines are numerous, or to swab marked diseased vines in 
 alternate rows in vineyards where they are much scattered. 
 
ClRC. 303] A REMEDY FOR BLACK MEASLES OF THE VINE 
 
 METHOD OF TREATMENT 
 
 In the above experiments whether the 3-50 formula (No. 2), of 
 3 pounds of sodium arsenite in 50 gallons of water, or the 2-50 
 formula (No. 1) was used, no sprayed vine showed any signs of 
 the disease after treatment. Of these two formulae, the stronger 
 should be given the preference as probably more effective. No poison- 
 ous effect on the vine was observed to follow the use of either formula. 
 Furthermore, it is possible that the stronger solution will produce 
 more lasting results. This point needs further investigation. 
 
 The cost of the spray is small, the arsenic and its soluble com- 
 pounds not being costly. In small vineyards or where there are very 
 few affected vines, the solution can be applied most economically by 
 swabbing all the pruning wounds, recent or old, especially those on 
 the old wood. In large vineyards or where many vines are affected, 
 the spray method is more economical. It is advisable to delay a few 
 days after pruning before applying the treatment, though in our 
 experiments no ill effects resulted from spraying shortly after 
 pruning. 
 
 CAUTIONS 
 
 Stronger solutions than those recommended here should not be 
 used, as solutions containing 1.5 per cent of arsenic have been known 
 to injure the vines. 
 
 Finally, it must be kept in mind that the spray solution is 
 extremely poisonous to human beings as well as to animals and every 
 precaution must be taken to prevent accidental ingestion of this 
 poison. As a constant reminder to those handling the solution, it is a 
 good precaution to add a little fuchsin to the solution to give it a 
 reddish color. The spray should be applied only during the dormancy 
 of the vines, that is to say between the 15th of December and the end 
 of March for most regions. 
 
10 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA — EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 FORMULAE OF SOLUTIONS USED 
 
 Formula I 
 
 Sodium arsenite, 2 pounds; water, 50 gallons. 
 
 Formula II 
 
 Sodium arsenite, 3 pounds; water, 50 gallons. 
 When the sodium arsenite is not obtainable at the stores, the 3-50 
 formula can be replaced by the following: 
 Formula III 
 
 (a) 2^4 pounds of white arsenic (arsenic trioxide). 
 
 (b) 4% pounds of washing soda. 
 
 Put the arsenic in 1 gallon of water in an iron kettle, heat and 
 pour the washing soda dissolved in about two gallons of water slowly 
 into (a). Boil the mixture for about twenty minutes and make up 
 to 50 gallons of spray with water. 
 
 Formula IV 
 
 (a) 2y^ pounds of white arsenic (arsenic trioxide). 
 (&) 1% pounds of soda lye. 
 Put the arsenic in 1 gallon of water, dissolve the lye in another 
 gallon of water and pour (b) into (a) while stirring, until all the 
 arsenic is dissolved. Make up to 50 gallons of mixture with water. 
 A stock solution can be prepared if it is advisable. Little or no 
 heating is necessary. 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
 
 It is a pleasure for the writer to express his deep appreciation of 
 the valuable assistance rendered by Messrs. W. D. Norton, C. S. 
 Myszka, J. Willis Adriance, Farm Advisors, in the carrying out of 
 the spraying experiments, and of that of all the grape growers who 
 kindly offered the plots for experimentation. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 Ravaz, L. 
 
 Le Folletage. Prog. Agr. and Vit., 21:633. 1901. 
 
 Sur l'Apoplexie de la Vigne. Prog. Agr. and Vit., 45:574-579. 1909. 
 
 Encore l'Apoplexie de la Vigne. Prog. Agr. and Vit., 53:601-803. 1919. 
 Viala, P. 
 
 Rapport de Mission sur le Vignoble grec. Librairie J. B. Bailliere, Paris. 
 Vinet, E. 
 
 L'Apoplexie de la Vigne en Anjou. Rev. Vit., 835:673-681, figs. 1-3. 1909. 
 Lafon, R. Poussard. 
 
 L'Apoplexie. 1:65-93, 1921, figs. 7. Imprimerie Roumegous et Dehan, Mont- 
 pellier. 
 Gard, M. 
 
 L'Apoplexie de la vigne. Extrait des An. Soc. d'Agr. de la Gironde. Fev., 
 1923. 
 
STATION PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION 
 
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 No. No. 
 
 253. Irrigation and Soil Conditions in the 363. 
 
 Sierra Nevada Foothills, California. 
 
 261. Melaxuma of the Walnut, "Juglans 364. 
 
 regia." 
 
 262. Citrus Diseases of Florida and Cuba 365. 
 
 Compared with Those of California. 366 
 
 263. Size Grades for Ripe Olives. 
 
 268. Growing and Grafting Olive Seedlings. 367, 
 
 273. Preliminary Report on Kearney Vine- 
 yard Experimental Drain. 368 
 
 275. The Cultivation of Belladonna in 
 
 California. 369, 
 
 2 76. The Pomegranate. 
 
 277. Sudan Grass. 370. 
 
 278. Grain Sorghums. 371' 
 
 279. Irrigation of Rice in California. 
 
 280. Irrigation of Alfalfa in the Sacra- 372. 
 
 mento Valley. 
 283. The Olive Insects of California. 3 73. 
 
 285. The Milk Goat in California. 3 74. 
 
 294. Bean Culture in California. 
 304. A Study of the Effects of Freezes on 
 
 Citrus in California. 375. 
 
 310. Plum Pollination. 
 
 312. Mariout Barley. 376. 
 
 313. Pruning Young Deciduous Fruit 
 
 Trees. 377. 
 
 319. Caprifigs and Caprification. 379. 
 
 324. Storage of Perishable Fruit at Freez- 380. 
 
 ing Temperatures. 
 
 325. Rice Irrigation Measurements and 381. 
 
 Experiments in Sacramento Valley, 
 1914-1919. 382. 
 
 328. Prune Growing in California. 
 
 331. Phylloxera-Resistant Stocks. 383. 
 
 334. Preliminary Volume Tables for Sec- 
 
 ond-Growth Redwood. 384. 
 
 335. Cocoanut Meal as a Feed for Dairy 
 
 Cows and Other Livestock. 
 
 339. The Relative Cost of Making Logs 
 
 from Small and Large Timber. 385. 
 
 340. Control of the Pocket Gopher in 386. 
 
 California. 
 
 343. Cheese Pests and Their Control. 387. 
 
 344. Cold Storage as an Aid to the Mar- 388. 
 
 keting of Plums. 
 
 346. Almond Pollination. 389. 
 
 347. The Control of Red Spiders in Deeid- 39o! 
 
 uous Orchards. 
 
 348. Pruning Young Olive Trees. 391. 
 
 349. A Study of Sidedraft and Tractor 
 
 Hitches. 392. 
 
 350. Agriculture in Cut-over Redwood 394. 
 
 Lands. 
 
 352. Further Experiments in Plum Pollina- 395. 
 
 tion. 396. 
 
 353. Bovine Infectious Abortion. 
 
 354. Results of Rice Experiments in 1922. 397. 
 
 357. A Self-mixing Dusting Machine for 
 
 Applying Dry Insecticides and 398. 
 
 Fungicides. 399. 
 
 358. Black Measles, Water Berries, and 
 
 Related Vine Troubles. 
 
 359. Fruit Beverage Investigations. 400. 
 
 361. Preliminary Yield Tables for Second 
 
 Growth Redwood. 
 
 362. Dust and the Tractor Engine. 
 
 The Pruning of Citrus Trees in Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 Fungicidal Dusts for the Control of 
 Bunt. 
 
 Avocado Culture in California. 
 
 Turkish Tobacco Culture, Curing and 
 Marketing. 
 
 Methods of Harvesting and Irrigation 
 in Relation of Mouldy Walnuts. 
 
 Bacterial Decomposition of Olives dur- 
 ing Pickling. 
 
 Comparison of Woods for Butter 
 Boxes. 
 
 Browning of Yellow Newtown Apples. 
 
 The Relative Cost of Yarding Small 
 and Large Timber. 
 
 The Cost of Producing Market Milk and 
 Butterfat on 246 California Dairies. 
 
 Pear Pollination. 
 
 A Survey of Orchard Practices in the 
 Citrus Industry of Southern Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 Results of Rice Experiments at Cor- 
 tena, 1923. 
 
 Sun-Drying and Dehydration of Wal- 
 nuts. 
 
 The Cold Storage of Pears. 
 
 Walnut Culture in California. 
 
 Growth of Eucalyptus in California 
 Plantations. 
 
 Growing and Handling Asparagus 
 Crowns. 
 
 Pumping for Drainage in the San 
 Joaquin Valley, California. 
 
 Monilia Blossom Blight (Brown Rot) 
 of Apricot. 
 
 A Study of the Relative Values of Cer- 
 tain Succulent Feeds and Alfalfa 
 Meal as Sources of Vitamin A for 
 Poultry. 
 
 Pollination of the Sweet Cherry. 
 
 Pruning Bearing Deciduous Fruit 
 Trees. 
 
 Fig Smut. 
 
 The Principles and Practice of Sun- 
 drying Fruit. 
 
 Berseem or Egyptian Clover. 
 
 Harvesting and Packing Grapes in 
 California. 
 
 Machines for Coating Seed Wheat with 
 Copper Carbonate Dust. 
 
 Fruit Juice Concentrates. 
 
 Cereal Hay Production in California. 
 Feeding Trials with Cereal Hay. 
 
 Bark Diseases of Citrus Trees. 
 
 The Mat Bean (Phaseolus aconilifo- 
 lius). 
 
 Manufacture of Roquefort Type Cheese 
 from Goat's Milk. 
 
 Orchard Heating in California. 
 
 The Blackberry Mite, the Cause of 
 Redberry Disease of the Himalaya 
 Blackberry, and its Control. 
 
 The Utilization of Surplus Plums. 
 
 No. 
 
 87. Alfalfa, 
 113. Correspondence Courses in Agriculture. 
 117. The Selection and Cost of a Small 
 
 Pumping Plant. 
 127. House Fumigation. 
 129. The Control of Citrus Insects. 
 136. Melilotus indica as a Green-Manure 
 Crop for California. 
 
 CIRCULARS 
 No. 
 144. 
 
 151. 
 152. 
 
 155. 
 
 Oidium or Powdery Mildew of the 
 Vine. 
 
 Feeding and Management of Hogs. 
 
 Some Observations on the Bulk Hand- 
 ling of Grain in California, 
 
 Irrigation Practice in Growing Small 
 Fruit in California. 
 
 Bovine Tuberculosis. 
 
CIRCULARS — (Continued) 
 
 No. 
 
 157. 
 
 160. 
 
 164. 
 
 166. 
 
 167. 
 
 170. 
 
 173. 
 
 178. 
 179. 
 
 184. 
 190. 
 199. 
 202. 
 
 203. 
 209. 
 210. 
 212. 
 214. 
 
 215. 
 217. 
 
 220. 
 
 228. 
 230. 
 
 231. 
 232. 
 
 233. 
 234. 
 
 235. 
 
 236. 
 
 237. 
 
 238. 
 239. 
 
 240. 
 
 241. 
 
 242. 
 243. 
 
 244. 
 
 245. 
 247. 
 248. 
 
 249. 
 250. 
 
 251. 
 
 252. 
 253 
 254. 
 
 255 
 
 Control of the Pear Scab. 
 
 Lettuce Growing in California. 
 
 Small Fruit Culture in California. 
 
 The County Farm Bureau. 
 
 Feeding Stuffs of Minor Importance. 
 
 Fertilizing California Soils for the 
 1918 Crop. 
 
 The Construction of the Wood-Hoop 
 Silo. 
 
 The Packing of Apples in California. 
 
 Factors of Importance in Producing 
 Milk of Low Bacterial Count. 
 
 A Flock of Sheep on the Farm. 
 
 Agriculture Clubs in California. 
 
 Onion Growing in California. 
 
 County Organizations for Rural Fire 
 Control. 
 
 Peat as a Manure Substitute. 
 
 The Function of the Farm Bureau. 
 
 Suggestions to the Settler in California. 
 
 Salvaging Rain-Damaged Prunes. 
 
 Seed Treatment for the Prevention of 
 Cereal Smuts. 
 
 Feeding Dairy Cows in California. 
 
 Methods for Marketing Vegetables in 
 California. 
 
 Unfermented Fruit Juices. 
 
 Vineyard Irrigation in Arid Climates. 
 
 Testing Milk, Cream, and Skim Milk 
 for Butterfat. 
 
 The Home Vineyard. 
 
 Harvesting and Handling California 
 Cherries for Eastern Shipment. 
 
 Artificial Incubation. 
 
 Winter Injury to Young Walnut Trees 
 during 1921-22. 
 
 Soil Analysis and Soil and Plant 
 Inter-relations. 
 
 The Common Hawks and Owls of 
 California from the Standpoint of 
 the Rancher. 
 
 Directions for the Tanning and Dress- 
 ing of Furs. 
 
 The Apricot in California. 
 
 Harvesting and Handling Apricots 
 and Plums for Eastern Shipment. 
 
 Harvesting and Handling Pears for 
 Eastern Shipment. 
 
 Harvesting and Handling Peaches for 
 Eastern Shipment. 
 
 Poultry Feeding. 
 
 Marmalade Juice and Jelly Juice from 
 Citrus Fruits. 
 
 Central Wire Bracing for Fruit Trees. 
 
 Vine Pruning Systems. 
 
 Colonization and Rural Development. 
 Some Common Errors in Vine Prun- 
 ing and Their Remedies. 
 
 Replacing Missing Vines. 
 
 Measurement of Irrigation Water on 
 
 the Farm. 
 Recommendations Concerning the Com- 
 mon Diseases and Parasites of 
 Poultry in California. 
 Supports for Vines. 
 
 Vineyard Plans. 
 
 The Use of Artificial Light to Increase 
 
 Winter Egg Production. 
 Leguminous Plants as Organic Fertil- 
 izer in California Agriculture. 
 
 No. 
 
 256. 
 
 257. 
 
 258. 
 
 259. 
 
 260. 
 
 261. 
 262. 
 263. 
 264. 
 
 265. 
 266. 
 
 267. 
 
 268. 
 
 269. 
 270. 
 271. 
 272. 
 
 273. 
 
 274. 
 
 275. 
 
 276. 
 
 277. 
 
 278. 
 279. 
 281, 
 
 282. 
 
 283. 
 
 284. 
 285. 
 286. 
 287. 
 288. 
 289. 
 290. 
 291. 
 
 292. 
 293. 
 294. 
 295. 
 
 296. 
 
 297. 
 
 298, 
 
 299, 
 300 
 301 
 
 302 
 303. 
 
 The Control of Wild Morning Glory. 
 
 The Small-Seeded Horse Bean. 
 
 Thinning Deciduous Fruits. 
 
 Pear By-products. 
 
 A Selected List of References Relating 
 to Irrigation in California. 
 
 Sewing Grain Sacks. 
 
 Cabbage Growing in California. 
 
 Tomato Production in California. 
 
 Preliminary Essentials to Bovine 
 Tuberculosis Control. 
 
 Plant Disease and Pest Control. 
 
 Analyzing the Citrus Orchard by 
 Means of Simple Tree Records. 
 
 The Tendency of Tractors to Rise in 
 Front; Causes and Remedies. 
 
 Inexpensive Labor-saving Poultry Ap- 
 pliances. 
 
 An Orchard Brush Burner. 
 
 A Farm Septic Tank. 
 
 Brooding Chicks Artificially. 
 
 California Farm Tenancy and Methods 
 of Leasing. 
 
 Saving the Gophered Citrus Tree. 
 
 Fusarium Wilt of Tomato and its Con- 
 trol by Means of Resistant Varieties. 
 
 Marketable California Decorative 
 Greens. 
 
 Home Canning. 
 
 Head, Cane, and Cordon Pruning of 
 Vines. 
 
 Olive Pickling in Mediterranean Coun- 
 tries. 
 
 The Preparation and Refining of Olive 
 Oil in Southern Europe. 
 
 The Results of a Survey to Determine 
 the Cost of Producing Beef in Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 Prevention of Insect Attack on Stored 
 Grain. 
 
 Fertilizing Citrus Trees in California. 
 
 The Almond in California/ 
 
 Sweet Potato Production in California. 
 
 Milk Houses for California Dairies. 
 
 Potato Production in California. 
 
 Phylloxera Resistant Vineyards. 
 
 Oak Fungus in Orchard Trees. 
 
 The Tangier Pea. 
 
 Blackhead and Other Causes of Loss 
 of Turkeys in California. 
 
 Alkali Soils. 
 
 The Basis of Grape Standardization. 
 
 Propagation of Deciduous Fruits. 
 
 The Growing and Handling of Head 
 Lettuce in California. 
 
 Control of the California Ground 
 Squirrel. 
 
 A Survey of Beekeeping in California ; 
 The Honeybee as a Pollinizer. 
 
 The Possibilities and Limitations of 
 Cooperative Marketing. 
 
 Poultry Breeding Records. 
 
 Coccidiosis of Chickens. 
 
 Buckeye Poisoning of the Honey Bee. 
 
 The Sugar Beet in California. 
 A Promising Remedy for Black Measles 
 of the Vine. 
 
 The publications listed above may be had by addressing 
 
 College of Agriculture, 
 
 University of California, 
 
 Berkeley, California. 
 
 10m-2,'26