8061 '12 W Itfd 
 A 'X ' 
 
THE 
 
 Mineralogy of Pennsylvania. 
 
THE 
 
 MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
TIKIS 
 
 Mineralogy of Pennsylvania, 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN EYERMAN. 
 
 PART I. 
 
 To he luted n* <t Supplement in connection with Dr. fr^. A. (funth's 
 "Preliminary Report on tlir Mineralogy of Pennsylvania,*' 
 
 (1875.) 
 
 BASTON, PA.: 
 
 1889. 
 
LIST OF JOURNALS QUOTED IN THIS WORK. 
 
 Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences. 
 
 Proceedings of the Mineralogical and Geological Section of the Academy 
 of Natural Sciences. 
 
 Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 
 
 American Chemical Journal. ' 
 
 American Journal of Science. 
 
 Reports of the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania. 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 1. SILVER. (4)i 
 
 According to Dr. D. B. Brunncr, traces of silver occur in Berks 
 countv, at North Reading, in Oley township, and on Cushion 
 Mt. 
 
 2. COPPER. (4) 
 
 Native copper is found on Bingham's farm, three miles north- 
 east of Monterey Springs, Adams count}*. 
 
 3. SULPHUR, (7) 
 
 Some good sized masses of sulphur were found by me, several 
 years ago, at the Ueberroth zine mine, Priedensville, Lehigh Co., 
 probably resulting from the dcsulphuration of the sphalerite. 
 
 4. GRAPHITE. (8) 
 
 Graphite occurs, with gneiss and quartz on A.Johnson's farm 
 S. E. from Feastcrvillc, Bucks Co., also on the farms of Messrs. 
 Fegely, Bechtcl and Himmelreich in the vicinity of Boyertown, 
 at Dr. Punk's fish-pond, on Schneck's farm, in Longs warn p twp., 
 at Siesholtzville, at Antietam Lake, and in yellow jasper at the 
 Kinzi mine, Stony creek, all in Berks Co. I have occasionally 
 met with graphite, coating the granite at " Marble Hill," oppo- 
 site Kaston and one mile north of Phillipsburg, N. J. 
 
 1 Refers to page in Dr. Genth's Report. 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 5. GALEN1TK. (10) 
 
 Galcnite occurs in many localities throughout the State. At 
 one mile N. E. of McConnellstown, Huntingdon Co., it is found 
 near the contact of the Lewistowti limestone with the underlying 
 Onondaga shales. According to Dr. Brim nor, it is occasionally 
 found at Fritz Island, Berks Co.. and associated with sphalerite, it 
 occurs at Victor Hollow, Georges twp., Fayette Co. 
 
 At the Mill view limestone quarry near Forksvilie, Sullivan 
 Co., in small pieces in the upper layer of the limestone At 
 Doughty mine, a few miles south of Sunbury, in Northumber- 
 land Co., it is found in considerable quantity, associated with 
 sphalerite. This mine was unsuccessfully operated, a few years 
 ago, by the Susquehanna Mining and Smelting Co. 
 
 At a mine near Espy, Columbia Co., small quantities of galen- 
 iteand sphalerite were formerly mined, and small quantities have 
 been found near Frystown, York Co. 
 
 6. BOHNITR. (12) 
 
 Small quantities of bornite have been found at -Fritz Island 
 mine and at Jones' mine, Berks Co. 
 
 7. SPHALERITF. (14.) 
 
 ft is occasionally found on Turn's farm, Middle Smithh'eld twp., 
 Monroe Co. 
 
 It was formerly mined at the New Britain mine, Bucks Co., 
 at the Doughty mine near Sunbury, at Victor Hollow, Fayette 
 Co., and at the Keystone mines in Sinking 'Valley, Blair Co., at 
 Herr's Zinc Mine, three miles north from Lancaster. 
 
 In the Museum of Lafayette College there is a specimen of 
 sphalerite with siderite, from Scranton. 
 
 8. CHALCOCITE. (10) 
 
 Some years ago, I observed a single specimen of chalcocite in 
 quart/ at the Kcton Whim shaft, near Shannonville. Montgom- 
 ery ( -o. 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 According to P. Frazer, Jr., chalcocite (in ore; occurs at the 
 Big Hill, Cornwall. Also sparingly at Fritz's Island and at 
 Jones' Mine, Berks Co. 
 
 9. MILLBRITB. (16) 
 
 Millerite, in capillary crystals, is found in cavities of dolomite 
 at the soapstone quarry, at Lafayette, Montgomery Co. (T. D. 
 Rand.) 
 
 10. PYRRHOTITE. (17) 
 
 Occurs at Boyertown, Raudenbush mine and Ohlinger dam, 
 and a nickeliferous variety at Fritztown, Berks Co. 
 
 11. PYRITE. (19) 
 
 I have seen some remarkably fine stalactical masses of pyrite, 
 from a limonite mine near Shimersville, Lehigh Co. 
 
 It occurs with gneiss at Paxon'sfarm, near Feasterville, Bucks 
 Co. 
 
 At Breinig's limonite mine, near Breinigsville, Lehigh Co. 
 
 At Cornog's farm, near Cedar Hollow station, Tredyffrin twp., 
 Chester Co., imbedded in " bastard " marble. 
 
 At VVhiteland station, Chester Co., with "bastard " marble. 
 
 I have noticed considerable quantities of pyrite at the Wheat- 
 field magnetite mine, near Fritztown. Berks Co. 
 
 In Blair Co. pyrite occurs associated with sphalerite and gale- 
 nate at the Keystone zinc mines, near Birmingham. 
 
 In York Co. pyrite coated with limonite, two miles from York 
 city. 
 
 Dr. Valentine, of Lebanon, has observed radiating pyrite S. 
 of the Cornwall banks, Lebanon Co. 
 
I) MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Pine octahedral crystals occur at Boyertown and at Fritz's 
 Island, Berks Co. and globular radiating specimens are found in 
 Centre and Windsor townships, (Berks Co.) 
 
 " Cubic crystals, from i to 2 inches in diameter, occur loose 
 in the soil near " Fetter's Mill,' East Whiteland twp." 
 
 The finest, best developed and largest crystals of pyrite are 
 found at the French Creek mines, at St. Peter's, Warwich twp., 
 Chester Co. 
 
 For a detailed crystallographic description of pyrite from this 
 locality the reader is referred to Mr. Penfield's admirable article 
 " On some curiously developed pyrite crystals from French Creek, 
 Delaware (Chester J. E.) Co., Pa." (Am. J. Sci., Vol. 37, March 
 1889,) and for a general account of the occurrences, to my paper 
 " On the Mineralogy of the French Creek Mines" (N. Y. Acad. Sci., 
 Jan. 14th, 1889.) 
 
 12. CHALCOPYRITE. (21) 
 
 Associated with azurite and malachite, chalcopyrite was ob- 
 served by me, some years ago, at the so-called " Copper Mine" a 
 few miles from Sellersville, Montgomery Co. Also at Boyer- 
 town, Berks Co., and at the French Creek Mines, St. Peter's, 
 Chester Co.* 
 
 13. MARCAS1TE. (22. 
 
 According to Dr. Brunner, of Reading, this mineral is found 
 in Berks Co., at Epplcr's quarry, at Leesport and at Fritz Island. 
 
 14. FLUORITE. (29) 
 
 Fluorite occurs at the Kleckner limestone quarries near Hal- 
 lietsville, Lehigh Co. Colors: green, purple and pink. Imper- 
 
 *MiiM>ralo<ry of French ('reck Mines. 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. < 
 
 feet octahedral forms were observed. Analyses of purple and 
 green varieties by Dr. E. F. Smith 1 resulted : 
 
 Purple Variety. 
 
 Fl 49.20 
 
 Ca 50.87 
 
 trace 
 
 100.07 
 
 Green variety. 
 
 Fl 49.00 
 
 Ca 50.91 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 .trace 
 
 99.91 
 Sp. gr. 3.17-3.24. 
 
 Purple fluorite, in perfect octahedra, occurs S. of Emaus, 
 Lehigh Co. 
 
 Forming thin films on the limestone it occurs in the Ironton 
 R. R. Co.'s quarry at Ironton, Lehigh Co. 
 
 And massive, of a deep purple color, in the limestone near 
 the village of Howellville, in Tredyifrin twp., Chester Co. 
 
 In cubes of a deep blue color, in the limestone at Leinbach's 
 Hill and at the " Big Dam " S. of Reading; at Brook's quarry, 
 N". of Reading; in DeTurk's quarr^, Exeter twp.; at the 
 Wheatfield mine in amber colored crystals ; at the Fritz Island 
 mine, and as pale, topaz-colored modified cubes, associated with 
 calcite, at Fritztown, Berks Co. These latter measuring to f 
 of an inch in diameter. 
 
 15. CUPRITE. (30) 
 
 Cuprite occurs sparingly at the Jones Mine and at Boyertown, 
 Berks Co. I have been unable to obtain specimens from either 
 place. 
 
 1 Am. Chem. Jour., V, 272 
 
8 MINERALOGY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Bright vermilion, earthy incrustations occur at the gneiss 
 quarries at Frankford, Philadelphia. 
 
 16. MELACONITE. (31) 
 
 Five or six years ago, I obtained a specimen of melaconite, 
 associated with malachite, from Franklintown, Adams Co. 
 Also occurs sparingly at Jones' Mine, Berks Co. 
 
 17. CORUNDUM. (31) 
 
 An attempt was made several years ago, at Shimersville, Le- 
 high Co., to mine corundum. The result, however, was not a 
 financial success, although a considerable quantity of the mineral 
 was taken out. I was able to obtain a quantity of fairly well 
 developed prisms, some of which measured 8 cm by 3 cm . 
 
 An analysis by Dr. B. F. Smith 1 resulted : 
 
 SiO 2 3.28 
 
 H 2 O.... 1.37 
 
 A1 2 O 3 85.75 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 4.26 
 
 Ti() 2 2.74 
 
 MgO trace 
 
 CaO.. ..1.99 
 
 99.39 
 Sp. gr. 3.898. 
 
 18. MENACCANITE. (35) 
 
 Occurs massive at George Hammit's quarries, one mile East 
 of Kdge Hill furnace, Montgomery Co. 
 
 In small crystals and granular at the corumdum mine near 
 Shimersville, Lehigh Co. 
 
 1 Am. Clteni. Jour.. V. _'::. 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 9 
 
 Near Adamstown, Lancaster Co., it is found in large crystals 
 in quartz. 
 
 An analysis by Knerr and Brunner 1 resulted : 
 
 SiO 2 0.50 
 
 TiO 2 13.31 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 53.36 
 
 FeO! 32.38 
 
 99.55 
 Sp. gr. 4.6. 
 
 Near Texas, Lancaster Co., it occurs massive and has been 
 mined as an ore of iron. 
 
 Abundant at the Girard Avenue Bridge tunnel, Fairmount 
 Park, Philadelphia. One crystal found by Mr. G-. H. Parker is 
 " quite lustrous in appearance and measures of an inch in 
 thickness by one inch in width. Its general form is that of an 
 almost perfect half-circle, the whole being partly imbedded edge- 
 wise in a matrix of quartz." 
 
 19. CHROMITE. (39) 
 
 I am indebted to E. Mortimer Bye, Esq., of Wilmington, Del., 
 for the following complete statistics of the chrome production : 
 
 Lancaster Co. TONS. 
 
 1. Wood's Mine, 2 depth 800 200,000 
 
 2. Line Pit | ^ Q 
 
 3. Jenkins' Mine j 
 
 4. Carter's mine 600 
 
 5. Rock Spring Mine, (B 41) ....".. 1,000 
 
 6. Little Horse Shoe Mine 30 
 
 Chester Co. 
 
 7. Scott's Mine, (W. Nottingham) 6,000 
 
 8. Smaller Mines, including " White Barrens," 500 
 
 Delaware Co. 
 
 9. Several small pockets ' . . about 200 
 
 1 Am. Chem. Jour., VI, 413 
 
 2 This mine is said to have netted its owners at least $5,000,000. 
 
10 MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Sand or Stream Chrome. 
 
 10. E. and W. Nottingham, Chester Co. j 
 
 11. And Little Britain twp., Lancaster Co. j 
 
 12. Middletown twp., Delaware Co t . . . . 500 
 
 The total production, therefore, has probably been about 
 245,000 tons. 
 
 Wood's Mine was opened in 1834 and worked to a depth of 
 800 feet, when it exhausted, and in 1881 was stripped and aban- 
 doned. Since then the other mines have been abandoned, and 
 the United States now receives the majority of its chrome ore 
 from the Urals in Russia .and from Turkey in Asia. 
 
 Chromite also occurs on the Williamson property, Delaware 
 Co. 
 
 At Radnor and in Upper Providence, Marple and Newtown 
 twps., Delaware Co. 
 
 In octahedral crystals at Taylor's qurrry, one mile N. of West 
 Chester. 
 
 20. RUTILE. (44) 
 
 Rtitile in quartz occurs near Embreville, Newlin township, 
 Chester Co. 
 
 21. PYROLUSITE. (45) 
 
 Associated with limonite, this mineral is found at Ray's hill, 
 near Robinsonville, Monroe twp., Bedford Co. 
 
 At Dry Hollow, Huntingdon Co., associated with wad and 
 psilomelane. 
 
 On the farm of Jacob Stine, in Upper Milford twp., Lehigh 
 Co., two miles S. of Macungie. it occurs mixed with limonite, 
 and ut the village of Mountainville, S. of Allentown, it is found 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 11 
 
 in fine crystals coating the interior of the limonite nodules. 
 An analysis by Dr. E. F. Smith 1 gave 
 
 SiO 2 9.93 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 4.21 
 
 A1 2 O 3 trace 
 
 MnO 2 82.66 
 
 Mn 3 O 4 3.13 
 
 99.93 
 
 22. TURGITE. (46) 
 
 23. GOTHITE. (48) 
 
 It is unnecessary to give any localities under these two spe- 
 cies, both of which are generally associated with limonite, and 
 as such they may be found at the several hundred mine openings 
 throughout the counties of Northampton, Lehigh and Berks, 
 and at the various other limonite mines scattered over the State. 
 
 24. XANTHOSIDERITE. 
 
 This hydrous iron oxide is found at four localities in Berks 
 Co., at Flint Hill, Pricetown, Lyons and Fleetwood. 
 
 25. BRUCITE. (51) 
 
 This mineral is found botryoidal and laminar, at Fritz's Island, 
 at Ruth's mine, and two miles S, of Sinking Spring, Spring twp., 
 Berks Co. 
 
 Analysis of the brucite from Fritz Island (a) and Sinking 
 Spring, (b) by Drs. Schoenfield and Smith2 gave 
 
 a. b. 
 
 MgO. 66.78 66.19 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 0.44 1.68 
 
 CaO 1.24 
 
 H 2 O 32.52 31.05 
 
 99.74 100.16 
 
 1 Am. Chem. Jour., V, 277. 
 
 2 Ibid V, 281. 
 
12 MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 26. PSILOMELANE. (53) 
 
 I have obtained some beautiful stalactitic specimens from the 
 Bennett mine, one mile S. of South Easton. Large botryoidal 
 masses of a cobaltifererous variety occur at Wharton's mine, 
 three miles from Hellertown, Northampton Co. 
 
 Considerable quantities have been occasionally met with at 
 the Ironton Co. Balliet mine, at Tronton, Lehigh Co. 
 
 An analysis by Mr. H. Pemberion, Jr., 1 resulted 
 
 Manganese binoxide , . ... 84.88 
 
 Manganous oxide 3.77 
 
 Oxide of cobalt 1.68 
 
 Oxide of nickel trace 
 
 Baryta trace 
 
 Lime 1.90 
 
 Magnesia 0.79 
 
 Soda 0.19 
 
 Potash 3.50 
 
 Water.. . 4.38 
 
 101.09 
 
 Occurs also at the Dry Hollow mine, Huntingdon Co., asso- 
 ciated with wad and pyrolusite. 
 
 In Berks Co. good specimens have been obtained at the Rock- 
 land Forgo. 
 
 27. WAD. (53) 
 
 1 have observed some beautiful specimens of dendritic wad. 
 coating the limonite, at the Ackerman mine, S. from Glendon, 
 Northampton Co. 
 
 Several tons of wad were mined, some years ago, at Great 
 Bend, Susquehanna Co. 
 
 It is found in small quantities in Westfall township, Pike Co., 
 and in Bethel and Darby townships, Delaware Co. 
 
 1 Second Geological Survey. Vol. PI>, 12. 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 13 
 
 Reniform wad, coating Pottsville conglomerate at W ray's Hill 
 tunnel, Huntington Co. and at Dry Hollow mine. 
 
 It is also quite abundant at many localities in Venango, Co. 
 
 The following are the localities in Berks Co. : 
 
 Globular, near Birclsboro ; massive, in the old Oley tunnel 
 mine; at Lyons, Althouse farm, Maiden Creek ; in mammillary 
 concretions near the Morgantown road, J mile below Lancaster 
 bridge. 
 
 I have obtained a specimen of dendritic wad from Cornwall, 
 Lebanon Co. 
 
 It is also found at Hitner's marble quarries, in Plymouth 
 twp., Montgomery Co., and contains a small percentage of cobalt. 
 
 The variety Asbolite occurs at Flouriown, Montgomery Co., 
 where it forms an incrustation upon psilomelane. 
 
 28. QUARTZ. (55) 
 
 Sec. I. Crystalline. Five or six years ago I obtained a very 
 clear hexagonal crystal, with good faces and termination, at the 
 Court House grounds, Easton, Pa. The length is about 6i cm - 
 Many smaller crystals were also found, some of them perfectly 
 clear. Another good locality in Easton is at the vacant lot at 
 Northampton and Twelfth streets. I have also observed fine 
 crystals, in groups, at Flint Hill, near Lcithsville, Northampton 
 Co. 
 
 Transparent crystals occur on Lee's farm, S. E. of Friedens- 
 burg, and in Windsor, Greenwich townships, Berks Co. 
 Doubly terminated crystals occur at Noll's mine, Fleetwood, 
 Berks Co. In the same county small crystals are found at Fritz 
 Island, and at the Crystal Cave. Virginsville. Also near Buffalo 
 Run, Patton twp., Centre Co. 
 
 Drusy quartz, in clusters, occurs at the Barren ridge, near 
 West Chester, at Birmingham quarries, and at Strode's mill, S. 
 of West Chester. 
 
 Sec. II. Amethystine. Crystals of a deep purple color occur 
 scattered through the soil from one to one and a half miles S. 
 of West Chester. In Pennsbury occur brilliant crystals ; on 
 
14 MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 the farm of W. Painter the crystals are penetrated by needles 
 of rutile. Crystals of a good color have been found near Em- 
 breeville, Chester Co. 
 
 Sec. III. Smoky. A short time ago I received a remarkably 
 clear and well developed crystal 10 cm . in length, said to have 
 been found in the vicinity of Hellertown, Northampton County. 
 Crystals also occur in Bethel and Upper Darby townships and 
 near Glen Riddle, Delaware Co., in Sadsbury, Chester Co., on 
 Updegrove's farm in Union, on Berg's farm in Albany, in Wind- 
 sor twp., and on Flint Hill, Berks Co. 
 
 Sec. IV. Blue. Blue quartz is found in large masses of a deep 
 color, two miles N. of Lionville, Chester Co. ; also at Radnor, 
 Delaware Co. 
 
 Sec. V. Milky. This variety is found in Bethel township, Del- 
 ware Co., and at Cornwall. Lebanon Co. 
 
 Sec. VI. Ohalcedony. Good specimens are found at Texas, Lan- 
 caster Co., at Fleetwood, Friedensburg, Mertztown and Fritz Is- 
 land in Berks Co., and near Edgmont, Delaware Co.; at Cornwall, 
 Lebanon Co., in mammillary and botryoidal forms, of a pale- 
 brown or greenish color. 
 
 Sec. VII. Agate. -In Berks Co. agate occurs at Wernersville, 
 Bornegratz's, Gottschall's, Flint Hill and Mertztown. 
 
 Sec. VIII. Agate-jasper. At all the localities given under Sec. 
 VII. 
 
 Sec. IX. Hornstone. This variety is found at Fridensburg, 
 Berks Co. 
 
 Sec. X. Jasper. Occurs at all the localities given under Sec. 
 VII, at Cornwall, Lebanon Co., on the " Barren Ridge," N. from 
 West Chester, and at "Rock Springs," near Texas, Lancaster Co. 
 
 2!>. OPAL. (61) 
 
 The variet} T hyalite occurs on gneiss near t lie West Chester turn 
 pike, YN^illistown township, Chester Co., and of a beautiful light 
 green color, perfectly transparent, on gneiss, at a quarry on Mill 
 street, German town. 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 15 
 
 30. ENSTATITE. (62) 
 
 There is a specimen of enstatite in the museum of Lafayette 
 College, from Newportville, Bucks Co. Also one from Spring 
 Mill, Montgomer}^ Co. 
 
 Enstatite from Rose's quarry, opposite Lafayette, Montgomery 
 Co. has been analyzed by Mr. H. Trimble 1 who found : 
 
 i. n. 
 
 Silicic acid 53.41 53.32 
 
 Alumina 2.12 2.13 
 
 Ferric oxide 4.66 4.72 
 
 Ferrous oxide 5.71 5.71 
 
 Manganous oxide 0.87 0.38 
 
 Magnesia 32.47 33.72 
 
 99.24 99.98 
 Also found in West Nottingham twp., Chester Co. 
 
 31. PYROXENE. (64) 
 
 According to Dr. Brunner, the largest crystals found in Berks 
 Co. occur at G-ottschall's farm, in Alsace twp. 
 
 It is abundant in the vicinity of Antietam Lake and at Ranch's 
 mine, in Hereford twp.; also at Ohlinger's Dam ; at Eschbach- 
 ville, Sparr's mine; Boyertown ; Raudenbush mine, Berks Co., 
 and two miles from Hosensack station, Lower Milford twp., 
 Lehigh Co. 
 
 Variety a. Sahlite. An analysis of this variety from Seisholtz- 
 ville. Berks Co., 1 resulted : 
 
 Silica 49.30 
 
 Ferric oxide 0.53 
 
 Alumina 14.98 
 
 Ferrous oxide 6.02 
 
 Magnesia 8.27 
 
 Lime.. ..21.45 
 
 IGcol. ofPcnn., C6129. 
 
 1 Sydney Castle Geol. of Perm., D p. 6. 
 
 100.55 
 
 _ 
 
<> MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 It is slso found massive and crystallized at the French Creek 
 Mines, St. Peter's, Chester Co. Some of these crystals attain a, 
 length of 42 mm - 
 
 b. Mussite. This occurs in East Bradford twp , Chester Co. 
 
 c. Augite. In Berks Co. at Babb's tavern and at Ohlingcr mill, 
 six miles E. of Reading. 
 
 d. Pyrallolite. At the French Creek mines, St. Peter's, Chester 
 Co., massive and occasionally radiating of a light pink color. 
 
 32. ANTHOPHYLLITE. 
 
 Dr. Genth describes this under amphibole (actinolite,) but! pre- 
 fer, however, to treat it as a distinct species. It occurs in beau- 
 tiful radiations of a yellowish brown color, two miles N. of Media r 
 Delaware Co., and at Texas, Lancaster Co. 
 
 33. AMPHIBOLE. (66) 
 
 a. Actinolite.' Ij&st fall, (Oct. 1888) I discovered some fine 
 crystals of actinolite associated with tremolite, a few rods N\ W. 
 of the Electric R. R. car house, College Hill, Easton. Massive; and 
 crystallized it is found at the following localities in the vicinity 
 of Easton : Herster's dam H miles W. of the city ; at several talc. 
 openings along theBushkill creek ; along the Delaware River and 
 at several places along the Chestnut Ridge N. from the city. Near 
 the Black Horse tavern, Delaware Co., it occurs glassy, of a deep 
 green color, in round crystalline masses and also in broad blades 
 of a light green color, and at the Birmingham quarries S. of West 
 Chester. 
 
 b. Byssolite. According to Mr. Matters, the superintendent, 
 I have now in my possession the finest specimen of hyssnlito 
 taken from the French Creek mines, St. Peter's, Chester Co 
 This specimen contains hundreds of perfect needle-like crystals. 
 many of which are 4'2 mm in length. 
 
 It also occurs here, disseminated throughout the calcite. and 
 for which I have proposed the name " />'//x.W///V i-nlrite" In 
 
MINERALOGY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 17 
 
 Berks Co. it is found at Jones' mine (C. M. Wheatley), at Ohling- 
 er dam, Antietam Lake, Boyertown and in Longswamp twp. 
 
 c. Tremolite. Associated with actinolite it is found at all the 
 Easton localities given above. 
 
 d. Asbestus. In short fibre, it occurs at Harman's blacksmith 
 shop, Warrington twp., York Co. ; in feldspar on M'Elwee's farm 
 four miles S. E. of Dillsburg, and on M. Elicker's farm five miles 
 E. of Dillsburg, York Co. 
 
 At Cornwall, Lebanon Co., it is found between the Middle and 
 Grassy Hills. 
 
 d. I. Mountain Leather. There is a specimen of this sub-variety 
 in the Lafayette College museum from Bowertown, Berks Co. 
 
 d. II. Mountain Cork. Occurs of a mile N. W. of .Radnor 
 station, Delaware Co. (Rand.) 
 
 34. BERYL. (70) 
 
 This mineral is found in Ridley and Springfield townships, 
 Delaware Co. Dr. Genth mentions a crystal from Chester Co. 
 weighing 51 Ibs. Mr. Jefferis informs me that it was found at 
 " Beryl Hill," seven miles W. of West Chester. 
 
 35. CHRYSOLITE. (71) 
 
 Associated with picrolite it is found two miles E. of Wakefield, 
 Lancaster Co. In Delaware Co. in the townships of Edgemont 
 and Middleton. I have noticed this mineral also at Cornwall, 
 Lebanon Co., where it occurs in small crystals of a brownish 
 color, associated witja magnetite. In Berks Co. it is found at the 
 Wheatfield mine, near Fritztown, and at the Fritz Island mine. 
 
 36. PAYALITE. 
 
 This mineral is found 1J miles N. E. of Boyertown, Berks Co. 
 and as a furnace product, at the Reading sheet mill. 
 
18 MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 37. GARNET. (72) 
 
 The following localities have been reported to me as "Locali- 
 ties for garnets." In no case has the variety been given, and 1 am 
 therefore, obliged to place them under this general heading. 
 Near Oakford, Bucks Co., at Mathuly mill, near Jenkintown ; 
 in Berks Co., on V. Hartman's farm, Alsace twp.; at Bishop's mill, 
 Exeter twp.; in Ruscombmanor twp,, near Pricetown ; at Gott- 
 schall's mines and at Antietam Lake. 
 
 Var. a. G-rossularite. This variety occurs at Leiperville, Del- 
 aware Co. 
 
 b. Almandite. Imperfect crystals are found at Mohr's mine, 
 near Shimersville, Upper Milford twp., Lehigh Co. An analysis 
 by.J)r. Smith 1 gave : 
 
 SiO 2 ..35.92 
 
 A1 2 O 3 19.18 . 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 4.92 
 
 FeO 29.47 
 
 MnO 4.80 
 
 CaO 2.38 
 
 MgO 1170 
 
 100.37 
 Sp. gr. 4.03. 
 
 An analysis 2 of the variety from Chelsea, Bethel twp., Dohi- 
 Co., resulted : 
 
 SiO, 41.11 
 
 A1 2 O' 3 21.00 
 
 FejzOs 2.11 
 
 1<Y() 25.8G 
 
 MnO 2.22 
 
 MgO 5.41 
 
 CaO., . l.S!) 
 
 100.20 
 Sp. gr. 4.028. 
 
 1 Am. Chem. Jour., V, 276. 
 '2 F. A. <;cnth,.lr..r :,, L18. 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 19 
 
 Dr. Genth 1 has analyzed the variety from Darby, Delaware 
 Co., with the following results : 
 
 SiO 2 35.97 
 
 TiO 2 5.12 
 
 A1 2 O 3 18.72 
 
 Fe- 2 O 8 1.39 
 
 FeO 3042 
 
 MnO 0.42 
 
 MgO 5.08 
 
 CaO.. . 2:79 
 
 99.91 
 Sp. gr. 4.186. 
 
 This variety may be identical with the u Titaniferous Garnet" 
 described and analyzed by Mr. H. A. Keller 2 . His analysis re- 
 sulted as follows : 
 
 Si<) 2 36.92 
 
 TiO 2 1.14 
 
 FeO 27.36 
 
 Fu 2 O 3 3.74 
 
 A1 2 O 3 26.54 
 
 MnO 0.33 
 
 CaO ; 2.76 
 
 MgO 1.66 
 
 100.45 
 Sp. gr. 4.25. 
 
 c. Andradite,. Among a number of minerals sent to me for 
 examination by Dr. S. G-. Valentine, of Lebanon, I have discov- 
 ered this variety of garnet. It occurs in quartzose rock at 
 Cornwall, Lebanon Co.; color brownish red. It is also found at 
 Spies Church. Alsace twp., Berks Co., and near Hosensack sta- 
 
 1 Geol. of Penna., C 5, 114. 
 
 2 Pruc. M. & G. Soc., Acad. Natl. S<-i , 1K80, 21. 
 
20 MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 tion, Lower Milford twp., Lehigh Co., an analysis of whicb by 
 Dr. Smith 1 gave : 
 
 SiO 2 ... 35.25 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 32.17 
 
 FeO 0.92 
 
 CaO 30.80 
 
 MgO trace 
 
 99.14 
 Color: yellow. Sp. gr. 5.13. 
 
 38. ZIRCON. (75) 
 
 Small crystals have been found on Jacob Stine's farm in Upper 
 Milford, two miles S. of Macungie, Lehigh Co. 
 
 39. VESUV1ANITE. (77) 
 
 This mineral in well developed, terminated prisms of a yellow 
 color, occurs sparingly at the Fritz Island mine, Berks Co. 
 
 40. EPJDOTE. (78) 
 
 Associated with molybdenite it is found at Frankford, Phila- 
 delphia. Also massive in Berks Co. at the following localities : 
 Fleetwood, Boyertown, Pricetown and Hancock, and in crystals 
 at Antietam Lake and in Longswamp twp. 
 
 41. ALLANITB. (79) 
 
 Associated with zircon (in quartz) it is found at Yellow 
 Springs, Chester Co. 
 
 42. ZOISITE. (80) 
 
 This mineral is found at the Poor-house quarries, Chester Co. ? 
 and at Leiperville, Delaware Co. 
 
 1 E. F. Smith, Ain. Chem. Jour., V, 277. 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 21 
 
 43. AXINITE.i 
 
 The discovery of this rare mineral in this State is due to Prof. 
 F. Prime, Jr., who brought it to the notice of the late Prof. W. 
 T. Roepper, whose collection now forms part ot that contained 
 in the Museum at Lehigh University, at Bethlehem. The crys- 
 tals, of the usual axe-like shape and generally of small size, were 
 found in crystalline hornblende at an abandoned ore pit, on a 
 farm three miles north of Bethlehem, Northampton County. 
 
 44. BIOTITB. (83; 
 
 This mineral, as a rock-constituent, is found at many localities 
 in the vicinity of Philadelphia- Two varieties from the vicinity 
 of Forty-fourth street and Baltimore avenue, have been analyzed 
 by Dr. G-enth (a) and Mr. F. A. Genth, Jr., (b) 2 . Both varieties 
 of a brownish-black color. 
 
 a. b. 
 
 Ignition 2.97 2.07 
 
 Fluorine Not determined. 
 
 Silicic acid 36.02 36.19 
 
 Titanic acid 2.20 1.68 
 
 Alumina 18.95 21.66 
 
 Ferric oxide 3.17 2.64 
 
 Ferrous oxide 16.44 16.96 
 
 Cupric oxide 0.10 trace 
 
 Manganous oxide. . . . 0.67 0.52 
 
 Magnesia 9.39 9.36 
 
 Lithia trace trace 
 
 Soda 0.29 0.45 
 
 Potash.. . 9.25. . . 8.51 
 
 99.45 100.04 
 
 In Berks Co. it occurs near Huff church, a<nd one mile N. E. 
 of Pricetown. 
 
 1 On crystals of Axinito from a locality near Bethlehe'm, Pa., etc. B. W. Fra/ier Am J 
 Sci., XXIV, I:!'.'. 
 
 2 Gcol. of Penna., (' 6, 181. 
 
22 MINERALOGY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 45. MUSCOVITE. (84) 
 
 Fine specimens, enclosing magnetite, occur at Nottingham, 
 Chester Co. In Berks Co. it is found at Ohlinger dam, Oley tun- 
 nel mine, Clymer mine and in rhombohedral crystals (?) at Huff 
 church. 
 
 46. LEPIDOLITE. 
 
 . 
 
 This mineral, with a number of others, was sent to me for de- 
 termination. It is found as a deep incrustation upon the quartz- 
 ore rock at the Big Hill, Cornwall, Lebanon Co. Upon exami- 
 nation I found it to be lepidolite. 
 
 47. YVERNERITE. (86) 
 
 Crystals inch in length, of a resinous lustre, occur at Fritz 
 Island, Berks Co. 
 
 48. CANCRINITE. 
 
 There is a specimen of cancrinite in the Museum of the Acad- 
 emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia with the indefinite label 
 " Chester Co., Pa." 
 
 49. ANORITE. 
 
 Occurs with corundum \ mile S. of the Black Horse tavern, in 
 Delaware Co. 
 
 50. OLIGOCLASE. (89) 
 
 ' 
 
 In Berks Co. it is found at Hill church, at Little dam, at the 
 Nestor and Gilbert mines, Washington twp., at Siesholtzville, 
 
 . 
 
MINERALOGY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 23 
 
 and in Exeter tvvp. The oligoclase from Black Horse tavern 
 
 has been analyzed by Dr. Genth 1 who found : 
 
 Silicic acid 58.22 58.62 
 
 Alumina 22.92 23.55 
 
 Ferric oxide 0.17 0.17 
 
 Magnesia 25 0.46 
 
 Lime 3.02 3.23 
 
 Baryta 2.57 2.54 
 
 Soda 3.68 
 
 Potash 7.06 
 
 Ignition . . 1.59 1.49 
 
 100.80 
 
 Dr. Genth 2 also analyzed the variety, moonstone, from Scho- 
 field's farm * mile W. of Elwyn station, Delaware Co.: 
 
 Silicic acid 66.24 
 
 Alumina 20.91 
 
 Ferric oxide trace 
 
 Lime ' 1.61 
 
 Soda 10.14 
 
 Potash 1.12 
 
 Ignition 59 
 
 100.61 
 
 Oligoclase from Van Artsdalen's quarry, Bucks Co., has also 
 been analyzed by Dr Genth* who found : 
 
 Ignition 0.23 
 
 Silicic acid 62.58 
 
 Alumina 23.27 
 
 Ferric oxide 0.23 
 
 Magnesia 0.15 
 
 Lime '.'. ... 4.88 
 
 Soda 8.05 
 
 Potash . . 1.04 
 
 100.43 
 
 1 Geol. of Penna., C 5, 116. 
 
 2 Ibid C 104. 
 
 3 Ibid C 6, 104. 
 
24 MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 51. LABRADORITE. (88) 
 
 Is found at Antietam Lake and possibly at Ohlinger dam, 
 Berks Co. 
 
 52. ORTHOCLASE. (92) 
 
 This mineral is found at many localities in Delaware and Ches- 
 ter Counties, and at Antietam Lake, Ohlinger dam, Huff church, 
 Mount Penn and Siesholtzville in Berks Co. The latter has 
 been analyzed Dr. W. P. ELeadden 1 and resulted as follows : 
 
 Silica 66.86 
 
 Alumina 18.97 
 
 Ferrous oxide 0.62 
 
 Magnesia trace 
 
 Lime 1.41 
 
 Soda 3.61 
 
 Potash. ..10.04 
 
 101.51 
 
 Dr. Genth and Mr. F. A. Genth, Jr., 2 have analyzed adularia 
 and red orthoclase from Upper Avondale, Delaware Co.. with 
 the following results : 
 
 a. Red Orthoclase by F. A. Genth, Jr. 
 
 b. Adularia by F. A. Genth. 
 
 a b 
 
 Silicic acid 64.53 65.84 
 
 Alumina 19.64 19.50 
 
 Ferric oxide trace 
 
 Magnesia 0.25 
 
 Lime 0.16 trace 
 
 Soda 1.77. 3.!)3 
 
 Potash 13.62 I0.(l!> 
 
 Baryta 0.08 
 
 Ignition 0.71 0.22. 
 
 100.68 100.26 
 
 i. of I'ciiim.. i). p. <;. 
 
 2<;<'"|. of iVmui.. C f>, 1 is. 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 25 
 
 I have observed a very interesting crystalline variety at the 
 French Creek mines, St. Peter's, Chester Co. Here it occurs in 
 radiating columnar crystals of light green to light pink color. 
 Many of the columnar crystals measure 6 cm in length. 
 The following is an analysis by Dr. F. A. Genth, Jr. 1 : 
 
 Ignition 0.67 
 
 SiO 2 ..' 62.68 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 0.23 
 
 A1 2 3 20.90 
 
 CaO 0.15 
 
 Na 2 O None 
 
 K 2 O.. ,.15.99 
 
 Sp. gr. 2.528. 100.62 
 
 53. ALBITB. (91.) 
 
 Albite from Lenni, Delaware Co., has been analyzed by Mr. 
 G. M. Lawrence, 2 who found : 
 
 Silicic acid 65.43 
 
 Alumina 20.70 
 
 Magnesia 0.68 
 
 Lime 1.11 
 
 Soda 9.85 
 
 Potash 0.70 
 
 Ignition 1.71 
 
 100.18 
 
 Beautiful colorless crystals are found in red orthoclase at Up- 
 per Avondale, Delaware Co., and an analysis by Dr. Genth 3 re- 
 sulted . 
 
 Silicic acid ; 68.52 
 
 Alumina 19.44 
 
 Soda 11.42 
 
 Potash . . 0.65 
 
 Sp. gr. 2.604. 100.03 
 
 1 Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XXIV, 4:-}. 
 
 2 Geol. of Penim., C ">, IKi. 
 :\ Ibid, C 5, 117. 
 
26 MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 These crystals are associated with minute but beautifully 
 modified, colorless and slightly greenish crystals of beryl, crys- 
 tals of muscovite, black tourmaline and calcite. 
 
 In Berks Co., albite occurs at Siesholtzville, Little Dam, Hill 
 church, and in Exeter and Washington twps. A variety from 
 S. Dana's place, near Morrisville, Bucks Co., anatyzed by Dr. 
 Genth, 1 gave : 
 
 Ignition 0.53 
 
 Silicic acid 67.01 
 
 Alumina 19.44 
 
 Ferric oxide 0.52 
 
 Magnesia 0.24 
 
 Lime 1.71 
 
 Soda 10.48 
 
 Potash . . 3.30 
 
 100.23 
 54. TOURMALINE. (95) 
 
 Black tourmaline, in crystals, is found at New Hope, Bucks 
 Co., and at Rossville, York Co. In Lehigh Co., in large perfect 
 crystals imbedded in feldspar at the Corundum locality, near 
 Shimersville ; brown crystals in hornblende, at the Bethlehem 
 Iron Go's mine H miles N. W. of Shimersville, and of a brownish- 
 black color on Lehigh Mt., 2 miles south of Allentown. 
 
 Dr. Smith 2 has made a partial analysis of the brownish-black 
 variety from Lehigh Mt., and finds : 
 
 SiO 2 ................. 39.41 
 
 A1 2 O 3 ................ 19.46 
 
 Fe 2 3 ................ 8.44 
 
 FeO ................. 7.00 
 
 CaO ................ 3.49 
 
 MgO ................ 2.14 
 
 9.00 
 Alkalies ............. 
 
 Ignition ............. 2.19 
 
 1 Geol. of Penna.. C 6, 101. 
 
 2 Am. Chern. Jour.. V. 27."i. 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 27 
 
 55. GEHLENITE. 
 
 According to Mr. J. S. Diller 1 this mineral, in square prisms, 
 occurs in furnace slag near McVille, Armstrong Co. 
 
 56. CYANITE. .101) 
 
 Of a green color, it occurs near the London Grove Meeting 
 House, and at a quarry J mile S. of the Poor House quarries, 
 Chester Co. 
 
 57. DATOLITE. 
 
 The only occurrence of this mineral in Pennsylvania is at the 
 Fritz Island mine S. of Reading. 
 
 58. TITANiTE. (102.) 
 
 Clove-brown crystals are found in magnetite, 1? miles S. of 
 Huff's church, Hereford twp., Berks Co., and liver-brown crys- 
 tals in the hornblende at Tioga station, Philadelphia. Two 
 analyses of the latter by Dr. G-onth 2 gave : 
 
 By Sodium Garb. By Hydrofluoric acid. 
 
 Ign 99 87 
 
 SiO 2 30.60.. - 
 
 TiO 2 37.23 37.02 
 
 A1 2 O 8 0.67 0.47 
 
 FeO 0.90 0.90 
 
 MnO trace trace 
 
 MgO ' 0.24 trace 
 
 CaO.. ..29.50.. ..29.38 
 
 100.13 
 Sp. gr. 3.596. 
 
 1 Am. J. Sci., 37, 220. 
 2Geol. of Penn., C 6, 130. 
 
28 .MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 A dark-brown titanite in well defined crystals, is found 2 miles 
 from Hosensack station, Lower Milford twp., Lehigh Co., and 
 has been analyzed by Messrs. Smith and Kncrr2 with the follow- 
 in g results : 
 
 SiO 2 34.S7 
 
 TiO2 41141 
 
 CaO.. .21:75 
 
 100.03 
 
 Sp. irr. 3.45. 
 
 59. STAUROIJTE. (103,) 
 
 On the "Barrens" N. of West Chester it is found in small 
 crystals and at Taylor's quarries one mile N. of West Chester. 
 
 60. CHRYSOCOLLA. (104) 
 
 This mineral is found sparingly at the PriU Island'inine, Berks 
 County. 
 
 01. NEOLITE. (105) 
 
 I have been able to identify this mineral as occurring at the 
 I>ig Hill," Cornwall, Lebanon Co. Color grayish -white ; struc- 
 ture radiated. 
 
 62. ANTHOSIDERITE. 
 This mineral occurs at the Dry Hollow mine. Huntingdon Co. 
 
 63. PECTOUTE. 
 
 On granite.it is found at the rVankl'ord quarries, Philadelphia, 
 
 and in gray acicular crystals associated with stillnte. on lime- 
 stone, it occurs at Ilosensafk station, Lehigh Co. 
 
 1 Am. Clu'in. .Imir.. VI. 11'^. 
 
MINERALOGY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 29 
 
 An analysis of this latter mineral has been made by Messrs. 
 Smith and Knerri with the following result : 
 
 SiO 2 .... ...55.17 
 
 Fe 2 O B 0.80 
 
 CaO. 30.00 
 
 K 2 0.37 
 
 JSfa20 9.02 
 
 H 2 O... . 4.63 
 
 99.99 
 Sp. gr. 2.6. 
 
 64. CALAMINE. (106) 
 
 Last summer (1888), I obtained some good crystals of a dark 
 brown color on limonite and coating the interior of geodes, from 
 an abandoned mine shaft on the land of S. von Steuben, i mile 
 W. of Dryland station, Northampton Co. 
 
 At the Keystone Zinc mine, near Birmingham, Blair Co., it is 
 found associated with sphalerite and galenite. Several years 
 ago I analyzed the calami ne from the Ueberroth mine, Frie- 
 densville, Lehigh Co., which I append herewith, as I believe this 
 to be the first published analysis of calamine from this old and 
 well-known locality. 
 
 Si 2 O 3 '.24.32 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 2.12 
 
 H 2 7.86 
 
 ZnO. . ..65.05 
 
 99.35 
 
 65. APOPHYLLITE. (106) 
 
 Fine crystals of apophyllite are found at the French Creek 
 mines, St. Peter's, Chester Co., where th<y occur in large 
 groups,, some of which measure two feet square. I have some 
 
 1 E. F. Smith and E. B. Knerr, Am. Chem. Jour., VI, 411. 
 
30 MINERALOGY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 very perfect crystals which measure 14 mm , and figures like fig. 
 387 in Dana are frequently met with. 
 
 An analysis of very pure material afforded me (a) 
 
 a. b. 
 
 SiO 2 51.63 51.88 
 
 CaO 25.42 25.31 
 
 K 2 O 6.27 6.30 
 
 H 2 O., ,.16.58.. ..16.80 
 
 99.90 100.29 
 
 Dr. Smith 1 (b) has also analyzed this mineral and I add his 
 results for comparison. 
 
 Mr. B. Sadtler, Jr., 2 gives an analysis of this mineral from Fritz 
 Island. Crystals colorless and of pearly lustre. 
 
 H 2 O 16.75 
 
 SiO 2 51.02 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 1.49 
 
 CaO 24.40 
 
 K 2 5.87 
 
 Fl... . 0.40 
 
 99.93 
 H. 4 to 4-5, Sp. gr. 2.5. 
 
 66. ALLOPHANE. (107) 
 
 As white, mammillary and stalactical incrustations on limon- 
 ite, it found near the village of Ballietsville 7 miles from Allen- 
 town, Lehigh Co. An analysis by Dr. Smith 3 afforded : 
 
 H 2 O 40.8(5 
 
 Si()2 21.39 
 
 A1 2 <) 3 35.20 
 
 CaCO 3 (MgCO 3 ) . 1.96 
 
 99.41 
 
 1 E. F. Smith, Am. Chem. Jour., VI. II".. 
 
 2 B F. Sadtler, Jr., Ibid IV, :',.Y7. 
 
 3 E. F. Smith, Ibid V, 272. 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 31 
 
 67. MESOLITE. (308) 
 
 No new localities of this zeolite have been reported since the 
 publication of Dr. Genth's report. I append herewith an analysis 
 of the Fritz Island mineral made by Mr. B. Sadtler, Jr. 1 : 
 
 H 2 16.01 
 
 SiO* ..43.29 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 trace. 
 
 A12Q 3 25.02 
 
 CaO ....12.15 
 
 Na 2 3.40 
 
 99.87 
 H. 2-5 to 3. Sp. gr. 2.4. 
 
 68. ANALCITE. 
 
 At Cornwall, Lebanon Co., there occurs a greenish-white min- 
 eral in cavities in the magnetite, which I have carefully 
 examined and which proves to be analcite. On account of the 
 limited quantity of mineral I was unable to make a complete 
 quantitative analysis. It is also found at the Flails of the Schuyl- 
 kill, near Philadelphia. 
 
 69. CHABAZITE. (108) 
 
 A few small crystals have been found in the quarries at Leiper- 
 ville, Delaware Co. According to Mr. Lewis Palmer it occurs in 
 red crystals in a hornblendic gniess at Waterville, near Chester, 
 and at Upland, Delaware Co. 
 
 Mr. Sadtler 2 gives an analysis of colorless crystals of a vitreous 
 lustre, from the Fritz Island mine, Berks Co. : 
 
 H 2 O 20.21 
 
 SiO 2 50.28 
 
 A1 2 3 17.83 
 
 CaO 6.96 
 
 Na 2 O 2.43 
 
 K 2 6 2.40 
 
 Fc 2 O 3 trace 
 
 MgO 0.22 
 
 H. 4. Sp. gr. 2.3. 100.33 
 
 1 B. Sadtler, Jr., Am. Chem. Jour., IV, 356. 
 
 2 B. Sadtler, Jr., Ibid IV, 357. 
 
32 MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 70. STILBITE. (109) 
 
 I have been able to obtain some very good crystals of this 
 mineral from St. Peter's, Chester Co., where it occurs very spar- 
 ingly, lining cavities and generally associated with calcite. Some 
 of the largest crystals measure 35 mm . 
 
 An analysis of some pure material gave me: 
 
 SiO 2 58.00 
 
 A1 2 O 3 ; . .13.40 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 trace 
 
 CaO 7.80 
 
 MgO 1.40 
 
 K 2 O ,1.03 
 
 Na 2 O trace 
 
 H 2 O . . , . 18.30 
 
 99.93 
 
 It is found on gniess at the quarry Forty-ninth and Leiper 
 streets, Frankford ; at Ridley, Delaware Co., and in Berks Co., 
 at the following localities: Jones' mine, Wheatfield mine, Rau- 
 denbush mine, and in radiating crystalline masses S. of Boyer- 
 town and at Ohlinger dam. 
 
 In Lehigh Co. it is found in large globular radiating concre- 
 tions upon the limestone on the farm of Jacob Schell, near II o- 
 sensack station. An analysis by Dr. Smith 1 gave : 
 
 (CaO 9.00)i> 
 
 SiO 2 55.31 
 
 A1 2 O 3 14.88 
 
 Na 2 O 1.66 
 
 H 2 O 18.47 
 
 99.32 
 Sp. gr. 2.21. 
 
 1 E. F. Smith, Am. Chem. Jour., V, 227. 
 
 2 I have added this quantity, having been omitted by the printer <>!' th<- A. ('. .1. 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 33 
 
 Messrs. Brunner and Smithi have analyzed this mineral from 
 the VVbeatfield mines, near Fritztown, where it occurs in ra- 
 diating, fibrous, pearly white masses upon a trap rock. 
 
 H 2 19.42 
 
 SiO 2 57.49 
 
 A1 2 O 3 13.03 
 
 CaO 8.06 
 
 MgO trace 
 
 Na 2 O.. . 1.36 
 
 99.36 
 Sp. 2.2. 
 
 Stilbite from Raudenbush and Fegley's mine, Berks Co., has 
 been analyzed with the following results : 
 
 
 a 
 
 b 
 
 c 
 
 H 2 
 
 18.46 
 
 ..18.60. 
 
 18.97 
 
 Si0 2 
 
 58.01 
 
 ..58.15. 
 
 57.54 
 
 AJ 2 O 3 .... 
 
 13.75 
 
 ..12.47. 
 
 ...12.67 
 
 CaO 
 
 7.76 ) 
 
 
 7.85 
 
 
 
 . . 9.82. 
 
 
 J\J_r\_) 
 
 1 38 j 
 
 
 1.72 
 
 K 9 O 
 
 0.42 
 
 .. 0.13 
 
 1 09 
 
 Na 2 O . . 
 
 . . trace . . 
 
 . .trace. 
 
 . . trace 
 
 99.78 99.47 99.84 
 
 a and b Raudenbush, by Mr. P. P. Davidson. 2 
 c Fegley's Mine, by Messrs. Hoskinson and Brunner. 3 
 
 71. HEULANDITB. (110) 
 
 This zeolite, rather rare in Pennsylvania, is found associated 
 with quartz, calcite. hornblende, etc., near Adarnstown, Lancas- 
 
 1 D. B. Brunner and E F. Smith, Am. Chcm* Jour., V, 2 SO. 
 2 Am. Chem. Jour., VI, 414. 
 3 Jldd VI, 4 M. 
 
34 MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ter Co. The crystals show the following planes : ooP, (ooPoo), 
 P, P, 2 Poo, (2 Poo), (Poo) An analysis by Messrs. Knerr 
 and Schoenfeld 1 afforded : 
 
 II 2 O 16.61 
 
 SiO 2 57.68 
 
 A1 2 O 3 17.05 
 
 CaO 6.78 
 
 MgO 0.69 
 
 Kob 1.13 
 
 Nti2C) trace 
 
 Sp. gr. 2.2. 99.94 
 
 72. TALC. (113) 
 
 Large quantities of talc are mined in the counties* of Delaware. 
 Chester, Lancaster and Northampton. The so-called "light- 
 green variety of serpentine" found near Easton proves, upon 
 examination, to be talc. 
 
 73 PYROPHYLLITE. (Ill) 
 
 This mineral is found in the coal slates at the North Mahanoy 
 colliery, near Mahanoy City, Schuylkill Co. 
 
 (74.) SRHPENTINE. (113) 
 
 Mr. II. F. Keller- has analyzed two specimens of serpentine 
 from Berks Co., with the following results : 
 
 Ruth's Mine. Whcatfield Mine. 
 
 Silicic oxide 42.14 41.46 
 
 Ferrous oxide 2.06 0.99 
 
 Magnesium oxide 41.61 44.68 
 
 Calcium oxide trace 
 
 Water 14.20 14.07 
 
 100.01 101.20 
 
 1 1C. B. KiiemiiHl .}. Schoenfeld, Ibid VI, 412. 
 
 2 Froc. Am. I'hil Soc., XXIII, -12. 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 35 
 
 75. CHLOROPAL. 
 
 Dr. Valentine sent me a greenish, earthy mineral, which he 
 found associated with the magnetite, at Big Hill, Cornwall, 
 Lebanon Co. Upon examination I found it to be chloropal. 
 
 On Lehigh Mt., S. of Allentown, this mineral is found at many 
 of the " search " pits dug in searching for limonite. In the 
 American Chemical Journal, Vol. V, p. 278, Dr. E. F. Smith 
 gives twelve analyses of this mineral, four of which are here 
 appended. 
 
 Yellow. Yellowish-green. 
 
 H 2 O 19.61 20.79 
 
 SiO 2 40.20 41.16 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 39.52 30.79 
 
 FeO 0.40 0.21 
 
 P 2 O 5 trace A1 2 O 3 . . 2.05 
 
 MgO 
 
 K 2 O... " 4.54 
 
 99.73 99.54 
 
 Brownish-yellow. Brown. 
 
 H 2 O 19.27 .- . 17.71 
 
 SiO 2 42.37 43.54 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 38.17 39.52 
 
 FeO trace 
 
 P 2 O 5 " 100.77 
 
 MgO " 
 
 99.81 
 
 In Berks Co. it is found in the neighborhood of Longswamp 
 church. 
 
 76. GLAUCONITE. (113) 
 Lining cavities in feldspar, it is found at the French Creek 
 
36 . MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 mines, St. Peter's, Chester Co. An analysis by Messrs. Knerr 
 and Schoenfeld 1 resulted : 
 
 H 2 
 
 . , .. 8.43 
 
 Si0 2 
 
 . . . .52.86 
 
 Al 2 0s 
 
 7.08 
 
 Fe 2 O 8 
 
 . . . . 7.20 
 
 FeO 
 
 . . . . 19.48 
 
 MgO . 
 
 . . . . 2.90 
 
 CaO 
 
 . . . . trace 
 
 K 2 , 
 
 . . 2.23 
 
 Na 2 O 
 
 . . . . trace 
 
 100.18 
 
 Sp. gr. 2:2. 
 
 77. LEIDYITE. 
 
 This mineral of grass-blue or green color in verruciform incrus- 
 tations of fine scales and resinous lustre is found at Leiperville, 
 Delaware Co. Named after the eminent anatomist Dr. Joseph 
 Tjcidy. It lias heen analyzed by Dr. Koenig 2 who found : 
 
 SiO 2 51.41 
 
 A1 2 O 3 16.82 
 
 FeO 8.50 
 
 MgO 3.07 
 
 CaO 3:15 
 
 Hv.O 17.08 
 
 100.03 
 
 78 DKWEYLITK. (117) 
 
 This mineral is found at Ruth's mine, in Berks Co., and at 
 Brinton's quarry, S. of West Chester, Chester Co. The former 
 
 1 E. B. Knerr and J. Schoenfold, Am. Chem. .Four., VI, 412 
 2G. A. K<rui<:, I'ror. Afad Ntl. Sci , isT.s, si 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 37 
 
 mineral has been analyzed by Messrs. Brunner and Smith 1 with 
 the following results : 
 
 H 2 O . .' 19.49 19.03 
 
 SiO 2 45.65 .42.34 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 .. 0.20 1.39 
 
 MgO ...34.38 36.77 
 
 CaO . . ..trace.. ..trace 
 
 99.69 99.53 
 
 Mr. H. F. Keller2 has' analyzed a yellow variety of waxy 
 lustre : 
 
 Silicic oxide 39.32 
 
 Ferrous oxide 0.51 
 
 Calcium oxide trace 
 
 Magnesium oxide . 4 ..... .41.14 
 
 Water.. ..18.41 
 
 99.38 
 
 79. GENTHITE. (117) 
 
 There is a very interesting locality for this nickel silicate at a 
 few hundred feet N. of the steatite quarry at Lafayette, Mont- 
 gomery Co. Hero it occurs on an actinolite rock in thin coat- 
 ings, which, under the microscope, show the mammillary and 
 stalactitic structure characteristic of the species. 
 
 80. AQUACREPTITE. (122.) 
 
 This mineral is found in partially decomposed gneiss on Lans- 
 downc Ave., 1J miles W. of Hestonville, Philadelphia. 
 
 1 D. B. Brunner and E. F. Smith, Am. Chem. Jour., V, 280. 
 
 2 Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XXIII, 41. 
 
38 MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 81. FAHLUNITE. 
 
 In irregular masses of pale green color in orthoclase, this 
 mineral occurs at MeKinney's quarry, Kitten house street and 
 at Xester & Shelmire's quarry on Wayne street, Germantown. 
 
 82. DAMOURITE. (122.) 
 
 In Berks Co. this mineral is found at the Wheatfield mine, 
 Merkle farm, Oley twp., Fox's farm, Rnscombmanor twp., and 
 of a yellowish green color at the Rockland Forges. 
 
 83. HISINGBRITE. (128.) 
 
 The variety. Degerwite, is found at the Dry Hollow mine, 
 Huntingdon Co. 
 
 in 
 
 84. PENNINITE. (130) 
 
 Kammererite is found at the Wheatfield mine, near Kritztown, 
 Berks Co. 
 
 85. RIPIDOLITE. (131) 
 
 This mineral occurs, associated with magnetite, at the Corn- 
 wall mines, Lebanon Co., and in Berks Co. at the Fritz Island 
 and Jones mines. 
 
 86. PIIILADELPHITE.i 
 
 This vermiculite occurs at three localities in Philadelphia, (a) 
 near Wayne station, on the Germantown R. R., (b) at McKin- 
 ney's quarry, on Wayne street, and in Germantown. It is found 
 in plates of brown color in seams in an altered hornblende. 
 
 1 Proc. M. & G. Soo., Acad. Natl. Sci., 1877-7H, p. 71. 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 39 
 
 Analyses by Mr. Haines (a) and the late Prof. H. Carvill 
 Lewis (b) gave : 
 
 a. b. 
 
 SiO 2 38.79 35.73 
 
 TiO 2 1.03 
 
 A1 2 O 3 14.78 15.77 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 . .-. 20.30 19.46 
 
 V~ 2 O 3 0.37 
 
 FeO 2.04 2.18 
 
 MnO 0.50 
 
 NiO ) 0.06 
 
 CoO j 
 
 CuO 0.08 
 
 MgO 11.40 11.56 
 
 CaO 1.03 1.46 
 
 Na 2 O 0.77 0.90 
 
 Li 2 O trace 
 
 K 2 O 6.75 6.81 
 
 P 2 O 5 0.11 
 
 Cl trace 
 
 H 2 SO 4 trace 
 
 H 2 O 4.27 4.34 
 
 100.13 300.45 
 
 Sp. gr. (in alcohol) 2.782.96. 
 
 87. COLUMBITE. (137) 
 
 A beautiful doubly-terminated crystal, 1 of an inch in length 
 by \ an inch in width, of a black color, was found in 1882 at the 
 Mineral Hill locality, Delaware Co. 
 
 88. EUXENITE. 
 
 Last Fall this mineral was sent to me for identification and 
 upon examination, I found it to be the very rare mineral, 
 euxenite. It is an imperfect crystal about f of an inch in length, 
 and of a brownish black color. I have been unable to ascertain 
 the exact locality. 
 
40 MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 89. APATITE. (138) 
 
 This lime phosphate is found at Ridley, Delaware Co.. and at 
 Ruth's mine in Berks Co. 
 
 90. ERYTHRITE. 
 
 This cobalt arsenate occurs sparingly, generally forming an 
 incrustation upon the pyroxene and calcite, at the French Creek 
 mines, St. Peter's, Chester Co. At the Wheatley lead mines 2 
 miles S. of Phoenixville, Chester Co., it is found in veins and in- 
 crustations, which, under the microscope, show minute globular 
 crystals. The latter locality was discovered by Mr. L. Woolman. 
 These two localities are the only ones, so far recorded, in North 
 America. 
 
 91. WAVELLITB. (142) 
 
 I have observed this mineral in botryoidal and hemispherical 
 masses at the Wheatley lead mines 2? miles S. of Phoenixville, 
 Chester Co. It is occasionally found at the Whcatficld mine, 
 Berks Co. In beautiful, colorless, radiating nodules, on limonite, 
 it is found on the farm of Jacob Stine, in Upper Milford, 
 two miles S. of Macungie, Lehigh Co- Dr. Smith 1 has analyzed 
 this mineral with the following result : 
 
 A1 2 O 3 36.66 
 
 P 2 O 5 34.14 
 
 H 2 O 28.32 
 
 Fl trace 
 
 Limonite. . . 0.60 
 
 92. DUFRENITE. 
 
 93. CACOXBNITB. 
 
 These two hydrous phosphates are found at the Dry Hollow 
 mine, Huntingdon Co. 
 
 1 E. F. Smith, Am. Chem. Jour., V. 273. 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 94. AUTUNITE. (144) 
 
 41 
 
 This uranium-lime phosphate is found on orthoclase at Avon- 
 dale, Delaware Co. 
 
 95. BAR1TE. (145) 
 
 This mineral is found at many localities throughout the State. 
 In Huntingdon Co on the Broad Top Mountain ; in Franklin 
 Co. on Hoving's farm, 3 miles S. E. of and 3 miles N. E. of 
 Waynesboro', and in large white cleavable masses at Lancaster 
 station ; in Blair Co., associated with galenite and sphalerite, at 
 the Keystone zinc mine, near Birmingham; in Fulton Co. at 
 Dyson Fraker's farm, near Fort Littleton ; in Berks Co. at Alt. 
 ^Etna, in Tulpehocken twp. ; in Bedford Co., in small tubular 
 crystals at Bridgeport. 
 
 The following analyses of barite were made at the Laboratory 
 of the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania : 
 
 
 a. 
 
 (). 
 
 c. 
 
 
 e. 
 
 Sulphate of baryta 
 Sulphate of strontia 
 Oxide of iron and alumina 
 Oxide of Manganese 
 Lime 
 Magnesia 
 Carbonic acid 
 
 95.22. 
 .none. 
 0.38. 
 0.05. 
 0.59. 
 0.18 
 0.65 
 
 ...96.91. 
 none. 
 ... 0.31. 
 
 ...97.08.... 
 . . . none 
 ... 0.76.... 
 
 95.91.. 
 none. . . 
 0.24.. 
 
 0.17 
 0.11.. 
 
 ..98.65 
 . .none 
 . . 0.14 
 
 trace 
 . . trace 
 
 trace 
 , . . . trace 
 
 .... trace 
 
 Water 
 
 0.23 
 
 . ... 0.08. 
 
 . .. 0.32.... 
 
 0.09.. 
 
 .. 0.20 
 
 Silicic Acid 
 
 2.45. 
 
 . 2.35. 
 
 . 1.74.. 
 
 2.80.. 
 
 . 1.11 
 
 99.75 99.65 99.90 99.32 100.10 
 a and b near Fort Littleton, Montgomery Co. 
 c Sinking Valley, Blair Co. 
 d and e near Waynesboro', Franklin Co. 
 
 In Montgomery Co. it occurs at Hitner's marble quarries, in 
 Plymouth twp., and at the Ecton mine, near Shannonville. 
 
 96. GYPSUM. (148) 
 I have observed gypsum in tabular crystals and massive in the 
 
42 MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 cavities of limestone at Smith's quarry, Bushkill creek, Easton. 
 Beautiful hexagonal crystals are found at Jones' mine, at Bush- 
 ong's mine, and at Boyertown, Berks Co., and as an efflorescnce 
 upon gniess at Darby, Delaware Co. 
 
 97. BPSOMITE. (148) 
 
 In small, colorless, acicular crystals it occurs at Sideling Hill 
 tunnel, E. Broad Top R. R.. Huntingdon Co. 
 
 98. ALU^OGEN. (150) 
 
 This hydrous alumina sulphate is found along the banks of a 
 small stream in the valley near Mahanoy City, Schuylkill Co. 
 
 99. HALOTRICHITE. 
 
 In fine incrustations on hornblendic gniess on the river drive 
 below " Strawberry Mansion," Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. 
 
 100. COPIAPITE. 
 
 This mineral is found at the same locality as alungen (Maha- 
 noy City.) 
 
 101. CALCITE. (152) 
 
 This species is very widely distributed throughout the State, 
 and on account of its very frequent occurrence it is seldom 
 reported. The majority of the localities have already been de- 
 scribed by Dr. Genth. Fine crystals, of the scalenohedron vari- 
 ety, called dog-tooth spar, occur in Berks Co. at Fritz Island, Big 
 Dam and Luckenbill's cave. I have obtained the following va- 
 rieties at the French Creek mines, St. Peter's, Chester Co.: 
 
 Dog-tooth spar, fine transparent crystals of light yellow color. 
 
 Iceland spar, some of which is equal to that from Rossie, N. Y., 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 43 
 
 and large single rhombohedra quite transparent and of dark 
 yellow color. These latter generally occur on the apophyllite. 
 Other localities in Berks Co. are Siesholtzville, Shellington, 
 Wernersville, Wheatfield mine, Boyertown, and a pink variety 
 in blue quartz on Leinbach's hill W. of Reading; and at Adams- 
 town, Lancaster Co., associated with heulandite. 
 
 102. DOLOMITE. (154) 
 
 In small rhombs incrusting limestone, this mineral is sometimes 
 met with at the Ueberroth zinc mine, Friedensville, Lehigh Co. 
 
 103. MAGNESITE. (158) 
 
 This mineral is found at Spangsville, Earl twp., Berks Co., and 
 in chlorite schist mile S. of Paoli, Chester Co. 
 
 104. SIDERITE. (159) 
 
 Siderite as an ore is found at the Barber mine S. of Alburtis, 
 Lehigh Co., and has been analyzed by Mr. M'Creath and found 
 to contain ; 
 
 Ferrous oxide 45.064 
 
 Ferric oxide 1.553 
 
 Bisulphide of iron 0.457 
 
 Oxide of maganese 1.150 
 
 Alumina , .' 1.643 
 
 Lime 0.644 
 
 Magnesia 1.495 
 
 Carbonic acid 29.330 
 
 Phosphoric acid 0.142 
 
 Sulphuric acid , 0.061 
 
 Water 0.420 
 
 Insoluble residue. . ,.17.575 
 
 99.534 
 
44 MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 In Springfield twp., Montgomery Co., associated with talc and 
 magnetite. Near Mechanicsville, Clarion Co., small crystals are 
 found coating the interior of geodes. In Berks Co. at the 
 Weaver mine in Oley twp., and in fine crystals in the interior of 
 nodules of amorphous siderite at Dunbar, Fayette Co. 
 
 105. ARAGONITE. (162) 
 
 Associated with deweylite and serpentine, it is found at Ruth's 
 mine; abundantly in small crystals and fibrous stalactites at the 
 Crystal cave, Virginsville, and at the Wheatfield mine, Berks 
 Co., and very rarely in fine groups of radiating acicular crystals 
 at Cornwall, Lebanon Co. In silky snow white masses and fibres 
 associated with serpentine, it is found at Sherrer's talc quarry 
 on the Delaware road one mile north of Easton. 
 
 106. HYDROMAGNESITE. (164) 
 
 This mineral, associated with brucite, is found at Sinking 
 Spring, Spring twp., Berks Co., and at Carter's chrome mine, 
 Little Britain twp., Lancaster Co. 
 
 107. AURICHALCITE. 
 
 This beautiful mineral is found at Jones' mine and at the Fritz 
 Island mine, Berks Co. 
 
 108. MALACHITE. (166) 
 
 This copper carbonate is quite abundant in many localities 
 along the Triassic red sandstone belt, which crosses the south 
 eastern portion of the State. 
 
 I have a very fine specimen of malachite, with quart/,, which 
 was found a number of years ago at Flint Hill, Lower Saucon 
 twp., Northampton Co. 
 
 A few months ago I found this mineral as an incrustation upon 
 
MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 45 
 
 the conglomerate, a short distance from Leithsville, Lower Sau- 
 con twp., Northampton County. It was formerly mined at this 
 locality and a considerable quantity taken out; however, on ac- 
 count of the small percentage of copper (If), it was not a finan- 
 cial success, and the mine was abandoned. In York Co. it occurs 
 at Altland's mine 2? miles S. W. of Wellsville ; in Adams Co., 
 with epidote at BechteFs opening, Hamilton twp. ; at Bonnough- 
 ton, at Mills' mine 1$ miles N. E. of Fairhill ; on argillaceous 
 sand rock 1 miles S. W. of Fairfield ; on pophyry H miles S. 
 E. of D. Snyder's farm, and near Waynesboro ; in Nicholson 
 twp., Wyoming Co. ; in Pike Co. small quantities of malachite 
 and sphalerite are found in Middle Smithfield twp.; in Berks 
 Co., at the Wheatfield mine, near Fritztown, at the " Big Dam," 
 3 miles S. of Eeading; at Snydersville in Exeter twp., and near 
 Bernsville. Some good specimens have been obtained at the 
 French Creek mines, St. Peter's, Chester Co. 
 
 109. AZURITE, (167.) 
 
 At the Upper Salford mine in Montgomery Co., and with chal- 
 copyrite and malachite, it is found near Sellersville. Associated 
 with native copper and chrysocolla, it is found on Benchoff's 
 farm on the Emrnettsburg turnpike, near Fairfield, Adams Co. 
 
 110. RANDITB. 
 
 This hydrous uranium-lime carbonate is found at a quarry in 
 Frank ford, Philadelphia, N. E. of Adams street. 
 
 111. LANSFORDITE 1 n. sp. 
 
 
 
 This new species, a hydrous magnesium carbonate, was found 
 stalactical in an anthracite mine at Lansford, near Tamaqua, 
 1 P. A. Genth, Zeit. f. Kryst, XIV, 255. 
 
46 MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Schuylkill Co. The mineral is translucent and resembles paraf- 
 fine ; structure crystalline ; lustre, vitreous. 
 
 Hardness 2-5. Sp. gr. 1.54-1.692. 
 
 COMPOSITION. 
 
 CO 2 18.90 
 
 MgO 23.18 
 
 H 2 O.. ..57.79 
 
 99.87 
 
 112. DOPPLERITE. 
 
 This hydro-carbon compound was obtained from an excavation 
 near the court-house at Scranton, Lackawanna Co., and is de- 
 scribed by Prof. H. C. Lewis in the Proc. Min. Geol. Sec. Acad. 
 Natl. Sci., 1880-81, 19. 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 2, second line under sulphur, for zinc read zinc. 
 
 " 12, second line under pyrite, for " galenate" read galenite. 
 " 13, eleventh line from bottom, for Windsor, Greenwich 
 
 read Windsor and Greenwich. 
 ". 13, first line from bottom, for crystals on read crystals 
 
 and on. 
 " 22, second line under lepidolite, for quartzore read quartzoso. 
 
TABLE 
 
 SHOWING THE AVAILIBILITY OF THE VARIOUS MINERALS AT 
 THE PRINCIPAL MINES. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 1 indicates, poor specimens may be obtained from the waste 
 
 dumps. 
 
 2 indicates, fair specimens may be obtained. 
 
 3 indicates, good specimens may be obtained, as the mine is 
 
 in operation. 
 
 Z indicates, the mine produced principally zinc ores. 
 SLi Silver-lead ores. Ch chrome ores. Cr corundum. L lead 
 
 ores. I iron ores. Co cobalt. C copper ores. N nickel. 
 a indicates the shaft has fallen in. 
 b indicates the mine is filled with water. 
 
 lb Bamford mine. Z 1 miles from Landisville, Lancaster Co. 
 lb Brookdalc mine. SL 2 miles S. of Phoenixville. 
 Sb Carter's mine. Ch Little Britain twp., Lancaster Co. 
 a Charlestown mine. SLi 3<} miles S. W. of Phoenixville. 
 la Chester Co. mine. SLi south of Phcenixvillc. 
 3 Cornwall ore banks. 1C Lebanon Co. 
 2ab Ecton mine. LZ Shannonville, Montgomery Co. 
 1 Elliott's mine. Cr Ncwlin twp., Chester Co. 
 3 French Creek mines. 1C Warwick twp., Chester Co. 
 2b Fritz Island mine. I south of Readfng. 
 3 Gap mine. N C Co. Bart twp., Lancaster Co. 
 2b Jones' mine. 1C near Joanna, Berks Co. 
 lb Keystone mine. ZL Birmingham, Blair Co. 
 la Line Pit. Ch Little Britain twp., Lancaster Co. 
 lb New Britain mine LZ Bucks Co. 
 1 Pequea mine. LZ south of Lancaster. 
 ab Pcrkiomen mine. C Shannonville, Montgomery Co. 
 lb Phillips' mine. Ch W. Nottingham, Chester Co. 
 lb Phoenix mine. SLZ south of Phoenixville. 
 
48 MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 la Scott's mine. Ch W. Nottingham, Chester Co. 
 
 2 Susquehanna M. & S. Go's mine. ZL Sunbury. 
 
 3 Ueberroth mine. Z Friedensville, Lehigh Co. 
 lb Wheatfield mine. I near Fritztown, Berks Co. 
 lb Wheatley mine. SLCZ south of Phoenixville. 
 
 lab Wood's mine. GhN Little Britain twp., Lancaster Co. 
 
INDEX 
 
 TO MINERAL SPECIES, ANALYSES AND COUNTIES. 
 
 Actinolite 16 
 
 Adams Co 3, 8, 45 
 
 Adularia 24 
 
 Agate 14 
 
 Agate-jasper , 14 
 
 Albite 25 
 
 Allanite 20 
 
 Allophane 30 
 
 Almandite 18 
 
 Alunogen 42 
 
 Amethyst 13 
 
 Amphibole 16 
 
 Analcite 31 
 
 Analysis of Albite 25 
 
 Adularia 24 
 
 " Almandite 18 
 
 Allophane 30 
 
 " Andradite 20 
 
 " Apophyllite 30 
 
 Barite '. 41 
 
 Biotite 21 
 
 Brucite 11 
 
 Calainine 29 
 
 Chabazite 31 
 
 Ohloropal 35 
 
 Corundum 8 
 
 " Deweylite 37 
 
 Enstatite 15 
 
 Fluorite 7 
 
 Garnet 18, 19 
 
 " Glauconite 36 
 
 Heulandite 34 
 
 " Lansfordite 46 
 
 Leidyite 36 
 
 Menaccanite 9 
 
 Mesolite 31 
 
 u Moonstone 23 
 
 Oligoclase 23 
 
Analysis of Orthoclase 24 
 
 Pectolite -j<> 
 
 Philndelphite 39 
 
 PsiJomelane 12 
 
 Sahlite 15 
 
 Serpentine 34 
 
 Siderite 43 
 
 Stilbite...: 33 
 
 Titaniferous garnet 1!) 
 
 Tilanite 27, >' 
 
 Tourmaline 26 
 
 Wavellite 40 
 
 Andradite 19 
 
 Anorthite 22 
 
 Anthophyllite 36 
 
 Anthosiderite 28 
 
 Apatite 40 
 
 Apophyllite 29 
 
 Aqnacreptite 37 
 
 Armstrong Co 27 
 
 Aragonite 44 
 
 Asbestus 17 
 
 Asbolite 13 
 
 Augite 16 
 
 Aurichalcite 44 
 
 Autunite 41 
 
 Axinite 21 
 
 Azurite ... 45 
 
 Barite 41 
 
 Bedford Co '. 10,41 
 
 Berks Co 3,4,5,6,7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. 17, 18,19,20,21,22,24, 2<i, 
 
 27, 28,30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 
 
 Beryl 17 
 
 Biotite 21 
 
 Blair Co , 4,5,29,41 
 
 Blue quartz 14 
 
 Bornite 4 
 
 Brucite 11 
 
 Bucks Co 3,4,5,15,23,26 
 
 Byssolite l' 
 
 Byssolitic calcite 1<> 
 
 Calamine 29 
 
 Calcite 42' 
 
 Cacoxenite 40 
 
Cancrinite 22 
 
 Centre Co 13 
 
 Chabazite , 31 
 
 Chalcedony 14 
 
 Chalcocite 4 
 
 Chalcopyrite 6 
 
 Chester Co..5, 6, 7, 9, 10* 13, 14, 15, 1 6, 17, 20, 22, 25, 27, 28, 29, 32, 34, 36, 40, 42, 45 
 
 Chlorpoal 35 
 
 Chromite .... 9 
 
 Cbrysocolla 28 
 
 Chrysolite 17 
 
 Clarion Co 44 
 
 Columbia Co 4 
 
 Columbite 39 
 
 Copiatite 42 
 
 Copper 3 
 
 Corundum 8 
 
 Cuprite 7 
 
 Cyanite 27 
 
 Damourite 38 
 
 Datolite 27 
 
 Degeroite 38 
 
 Delaware Co 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 31, 32, 34, 36, 39. 40, 41, 42 
 
 Dog-tooth Spar 42 
 
 Dolomite 43 
 
 Dopplerite . 46 
 
 Dnfrenite 40 
 
 Enstatite 15 
 
 Epidote 20 
 
 Epsomite 42 
 
 Erythrite 40 
 
 Euxenite 39 
 
 Fahlunite 38 
 
 Fayalite 17 
 
 FayetteCo 4,44 
 
 Fluorite 6 
 
 Franklin Co 41 
 
 Fulton Co 41 
 
 Galenite 4 
 
 Garnet 18, 19, 20 
 
 Gehlenite 27 
 
 Genthite 37 
 
Glauconite 35 
 
 Gothite 11 
 
 Graphite 3 
 
 Grossularite 18 
 
 Gypsum 41 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Halotrichite 42 
 
 Heulandite ; .., 33 
 
 Hisingerite 38 
 
 Hornstone 14 
 
 Huntingdon Co 4, 10, 12, 13, 28, 38, 40, 41, 42 
 
 Hyalite 14 
 
 Hydronaagnesite 44 
 
 Iceland Spar 42 
 
 Jasper 14 
 
 Kammererite 3H 
 
 Labradorite 24 
 
 Lackawanna Co 4, 46 
 
 Lancaster Co 4, 9, 14, 16, 17, 18, 33, 34, 41. 43, 44 
 
 Lebanon Co 5, 13, 14, 17, 19, 22, 28, 31, 35, 38, 41 
 
 Lehigh Co 3,5,6, 8, 10,11, 12,15,20,26,28,29,30,32,40,43 
 
 Leidyite 36 
 
 Lepidolite 22 
 
 Magnesite 43 
 
 Malachite 44 
 
 Marcasite 6 
 
 Melaconite 8 
 
 Menaccanite < 8 
 
 Mesolite 31 
 
 Milky quartz 14 
 
 Millerite 5 
 
 Monroe Co 4 
 
 Montgomery Co 4, 5, 6, 8, 15, 37, 44, 45 
 
 Mountain cttrk 17 
 
 Mountain leather 17 
 
 Muscovite 22 
 
 Mussite 16 
 
 Neolite 28 
 
 New Jersey 3 
 
 New York... 42 
 
Northampton Co 3, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 21, 29, 34, 42, 44, 45 
 
 Northumberland Co 4 
 
 Oligoclase 22 
 
 Opal 14 
 
 Orthoclase i 24 
 
 Pectolite 28 
 
 Penninite 38 
 
 Philadelphia Co 8, 9, 20. 21, 27, 28,31, 32, 37, 38, 42, 45 
 
 Philadelphite 38 
 
 Pike Co 12, 45 
 
 Pottsville conglomerate 13 
 
 Psilomelane 12 
 
 Pyrite 5 
 
 Pyrallolite 16 
 
 Pyrolusite . 10 
 
 Pyrophyllite 34 
 
 Pyrrhotite 5 
 
 Pyroxene 15 
 
 Quartz 13 
 
 Randite..... 45 
 
 Ripidolite 38 
 
 Rutile 10 
 
 tiahlite 15 
 
 Schuylkill Co 42, 46 
 
 Serpentine 34 
 
 Siderite 43 
 
 Silver 3 
 
 Smoky quartz 14 
 
 Sphalerite 4 
 
 Staurolite 28 
 
 Stilbite : 32 
 
 Sullivan Co 4 
 
 Sulphur 3 
 
 Susquehanna Co 12 
 
 Talc 34 
 
 Titanite 27 
 
 Tourmaline 26 
 
 Tremolite 17 
 
 Turgite , 11